TLD Postal service for quality audits of beams of Co-60 in reference conditions in Cuba; Servicio Postal TLD para auditorias de calidad de haces de Co-60 en condiciones de referencia en Cuba

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gutierrez L, S.; Walwyn S, G.; Alonso V, G. [CPHR, Calle 20 No. 4113 e/41 y 47, Playa, C.P. 11300, C. Habana (Cuba)]. e-mail: stefan@cphr.edu.cu

2006-07-01

Purpose: To describe the methodology and experience of the Secondary Laboratory of Dosimetric Calibration of Cuba in the establishment of the TLD Postal Service for quality audits of beams of Co-60 in reference conditions. Materials and methods: Through the Coordinated Project of Research (Contract 10794) its was bought 200 solid thermoluminescent detectors of LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100) in micro bars form with dimensions of 6 x 1 x 1 mm and of the JR 1152F type manufactured in China. All these detectors were identified individually with a serial number on one of its faces, using a graphite fine sheet. Those detectors for its irradiation are introduced in cylindrical plastic capsules developed and used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the Audit Postal Service of Dose IAEA/WHO, the capsules have one cavity equal to 3 mm for that is necessary to recover this cavity with a fine plastic tube so that the detectors remain immobile during the irradiation. The method used to determine the individual sensitivity of the thermoluminescent detectors is: to irradiate a detectors group (100 micro bars) 4 times in those same geometric conditions, with the same irradiation history and reading, then it is determine for each detector a sensitivity factor equal to the average of those readings obtained for the 4 irradiation cycles for each i detector among the average of all the reading values obtained during the 4 cycles. The thermoluminescent signal is obtained with a Harshaw 2000C/B reader manual. Results: The satisfactory results obtained in the verification of the calibration of the TLD system, using the reference irradiation service of the Seibersdorf Dosimetry Laboratory of the IAEA in three different years are shown. The results of the audits carried out to the different radiotherapy services of the country in different years are also presented. Conclusions: The experience with the detectors acquired in the project demonstrates that with an appropriate

Auditoria de gestión como herramienta para evaluar los procesos administrativos, financieros y operativos de las pymes empresas de servicio

OpenAIRE

Maldonado Santacruz, Lady; Fernández Ronquillo, Jorge

2006-01-01

En el presente artículo se realiza una auditoria de gestión como herramienta para evaluar los procesos administrativos, financieros y operativos de las pequeñas y medianas empresas de servicios, con la finalidad de verificar y analizar la eficiencia, eficacia y economía en el logro de sus metas y objetivos comprobando el adecuado manejo de las normas establecidas por los directivos. En la primera parte se da a conocer la importancia de las PyMEs como elemento de producción de bienes y ser...

Controle de Qualidade dos Serv iços de Auditoria Independente: Um Estudo Compara tivo entre as Normas Brasileiras e as Normas Internacionais

OpenAIRE

Ito, Elisabeth Yukie Horita; Niyama, Jorge Katsumi; Mendes, Paulo César de Melo

2008-01-01

A atividade de auditoria independente exerce um papel importante no bom funcionamento do mercado por contribuir para maior confiabilidade das informações quanto à sua transparência e adequação de forma independente e com base em procedimentos técnicos e profissionais. Para assegurar a qualidade dos serviços prestados pela auditoria independente é necessário um efetivo controle de qualidade desses serviços. A mencionada qualidade está diretamente relacionada à independência e à compe...

Controle de Qualidade dos Serv iços de Auditoria Independente: Um Estudo Compara tivo entre as Normas Brasileiras e as Normas Internacionais

OpenAIRE

Elisabeth Yukie Horita Ito; Jorge Katsumi Niyama; Paulo César de Melo Mendes

2009-01-01

A atividade de auditoria independente exerce um papel importante no bom funcionamento do mercado por contribuir para maior confiabilidade das informações quanto à sua transparência e adequação de forma independente e com base em procedimentos técnicos e profissionais. Para assegurar a qualidade dos serviços prestados pela auditoria independente é necessário um efetivo controle de qualidade desses serviços. A mencionada qualidade está diretamente relacionada à independência e à competênc...

Innovació en el procés de realització d'auditories energètiques. De l'auditoria tradicional a l'auditoria virtual

OpenAIRE

Utges Mampel, Daniel

2016-01-01

Aquest projecte planteja un nou prisma a la hora de realitzar auditories energètiques a les instal·lacions, passant d’una auditoria tradicional a una auditoria virtual, utilitzant tècniques estadístiques i la caracterització matemàtica de potencials millores d’eficiència energètica. L’auditoria virtual és un gran avenç en el sector de l’eficiència energètica, resultant en una innovació disruptiva en el sector, doncs permet reduir els costos i el temps d’entrega d’una auditoria energètica e...

Auditoria farmacêutica: estudo de caso em uma operadora de planos de saúde de Fortaleza (Brasil

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Henry Pablo Lopes Campos e Reis

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a implantação, estruturação e desenvolvimento da prática de auditoria farmacêutica em uma operadora de planos de saúde de Fortaleza (OPS. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo estudo de caso, em que a unidade de análise foi uma OPS localizada em Fortaleza, capital do estado do Ceará (Brasil. Foram coletados e analisados dados qualitativos e quantitativos que corresponderam ao período de 2007 a 2010. Para a implantação da área de auditoria farmacêutica foi utilizada como primeira estratégia sua formalização na Diretoria de Recursos Médicos Hospitalares e na estrutura organizacional da OPS em janeiro de 2007. Com o reconhecimento do trabalho desenvolvido pela área, a equipe chegou em 2010 com dois farmacêuticos, dois assistentes de farmácia e cinco estagiários. O desenvolvimento da prática de auditoria farmacêutica resultou na exigência de pareceres técnicos para inclusão de medicamentos em tabela definida pela OPS e de solicitação para medicamentos de alto custo e de reserva terapêutica. A intervenção do farmacêutico, em seis meses de experiência, junto a pacientes em uso de antimicrobianos mostrou uma economia de R$ 279.153,80. A gestão de quimioterápicos resultou em uma economia total de R$ 2.502.278,31 para a OPS em 2009. Embora a auditoria farmacêutica envolva uma discussão recente, é preciso desde já, que aspectos relacionados à sua implantação, estruturação e desenvolvimento sejam apoiados, uma vez que essa prática ajuda na descrição e análise de elementos assistenciais e de gestão que envolve pacientes em tratamento farmacológico.

Estrategia organizacional para afrontar auditorias en sistemas de gestión integrados

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Elsa Emilia Petit Torres

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es construir un marco teórico – conceptual del proceso de auditoría del sistema de gestión integrado con el ¿n de ayudar a identi¿car cómo enfrentarlo emocional, cognitivamente y organizacionalmente. El diseño de investigación es no experimental – documental, y se aplicó la técnica de autoevaluación teórica de dos modelos: Enfoque hacia la excelencia gerencial (Turmero, 2008, y el modelo socio-cognitivo de innovación (Howells,1995, ambos reconocen criterios de excelencia empresarial en áreas funcionales relacionadas con escenarios de medición, análisis y mejoramiento organizacional. Los resultados se orientan hacia el reconocimiento de la importancia que para una auditoría en sistemas de gestión integrados posee la formación y el aprendizaje basado en la autodeterminación. Utilizar éste dato contribuye con la disposición de un mejor escenario socio-psicológico (comunicativo para afrontar la medición y el análisis de cada área funcional. De¿nirá las acciones que permitan estar en sintonía con la misión, política y objetivos de la calidad establecidos en la organización, constituyéndose el sentido que asegura la conformidad, el equilibrio emocional y cognitivo de la organización durante las auditorias en sistemas de gestión integrados.

Custos de auditoria e governança corporativa Audit costs and corporate governance

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Patricia Maria Bortolon

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O serviço prestado pela auditoria independente é fundamental para uma maior transparência e confiabilidade dos relatórios financeiros das empresas de capital aberto. As possíveis ameaças à independência e qualidade das suas análises, os custos dos serviços e a relação com os mecanismos de governança corporativa são temas explorados internacionalmente. Esta pesquisa investiga o tema no ambiente brasileiro, possível a partir da Instrução CVM 480, que tornou obrigatória a divulgação dos valores dos serviços de auditoria e serviços extras contratados junto às empresas de auditoria independente. Com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre governança corporativa, custos de auditoria e de serviços extra-auditoria, foram analisadas as informações disponibilizadas por 131 empresas no primeiro semestre de 2010. As proxies de governança utilizadas foram: desvio de direitos dos cinco maiores acionistas, participação em segmentos diferenciados de governança da Bolsa de Mercadoria e Futuros & Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa, existência de comitê de auditoria e de departamento de auditoria interna. Os resultados apontam para uma relação negativa entre governança e custos de auditoria, sugerindo que, no mercado brasileiro, predomina o efeito risco. Ou seja, melhores práticas de governança reduzem os riscos (judiciais e de perda da reputação da auditoria externa permitindo a cobrança de valores menores. A literatura internacional não é unânime quanto ao sinal, embora a maioria dos estudos apresente uma relação positiva, a favor do efeito demanda. De acordo com este efeito, melhor governança implica em maiores exigências junto ao serviço da auditoria acarretando elevação dos valores cobrados. A relação encontrada também é negativa entre os valores dos serviços extras e as boas práticas de governança. Apesar de as pesquisas não comprovarem a influência destes custos sobre a perda da independ

PDCA como proposta metodológica associada à Auditoria em Saúde: relato de experiência de Sobral-Ceará

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Fábio Solon TAJRA

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A aplicação da auditoria como ferramenta de gestão do SUS tem sido desenvolvida com a finalidade de auxiliar os membros da administração no desempenho efetivo de suas funções e responsabilidades, fornecendolhes análises, apreciações, recomendações e comentários pertinentes às atividades examinadas. Nesta realidade, não tem envolvido exclusivamente um caráter fiscalizador ou punitivo, apenas se voltando para a correção de falhas existentes. Enquanto metodologia adotada, a equipe de auditoria tem identificado a ferramenta PDCA (do inglês Plan–Do– Check–Act como um dos pilares importantes na organização e melhoria do processo de trabalho em saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta metodológica para o trabalho de Auditoria em Saúde a partir do relato de experiência na utilização da ferramenta PDCA no processo de trabalho em auditoria em Sobral, Ceará. Dentre os principais avanços que este estudo apresenta em relação à temática de gestão da máquina pública, poderíamos citar a tentativa de orientação dos gestores em relação à sistematização do processo de trabalho de auditoria em saúde. Esse tipo de contribuição implicaria em subsidiar o processo de organização teórico-metodológico e técnicoinstrumental da ação profissional de auditoria em saúde por meio do relato de um caminho metodológico vivenciado de forma eficiente em um município de médio porte, bem como do suporte na definição das estratégias de ação, do reconhecimento do objeto da intervenção profissional, assim como de seus objetivos e da avaliação dos resultados alcançados.

Reproducibility Test for Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) Using TLD Radpro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nur Khairunisa Zahidi; Ahmad Bazlie Abdul Kadir; Faizal Azrin Abdul Razalim

2016-01-01

Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) as one type of dosimeter which are often used to substitute the film badge. Like a film badge, it is worn for a period of time and then must be processed to determine the dose received. This study was to test the reproducibility of TLD using Radpro reader. This study aimed to determine the dose obtained by TLD-100 chips when irradiated with Co-60 gamma source and to test the effectiveness of TLD Radpro reader as a machine to analyse the TLD. Ten chips of TLD -100 were irradiated using Eldorado machine with Co-60 source at a distance of 5 meters from the source with 2 mSv dose exposure. After the irradiation process, TLD-100 chips were read using the TLD Radpro reader. These steps will be repeated for nine times to obtain reproducibility coefficient, r i . The readings of dose obtained from experiment was almost equivalent to the actual dose. Results shows that the average value obtained for reproducibility coefficient, r i is 6.39 % which is less than 10 %. As conclusion, the dose obtained from experiment considered accurate because its value were almost equivalent to the actual dose and TLD Radpro was verified as a good reader to analyse the TLD. (author)

Controle de Qualidade dos Serv iços de Auditoria Independente: Um Estudo Compara tivo entre as Normas Brasileiras e as Normas Internacionais

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Elisabeth Yukie Horita Ito

2009-03-01

Full Text Available A atividade de auditoria independente exerce um papel importante no bom funcionamento do mercado por contribuir para maior confiabilidade das informações quanto à sua transparência e adequação de forma independente e com base em procedimentos técnicos e profissionais. Para assegurar a qualidade dos serviços prestados pela auditoria independente é necessário um efetivo controle de qualidade desses serviços. A mencionada qualidade está diretamente relacionada à independência e à competência técnica do auditor e no nível de regulação exercido pelas entidades supervisoras. Padrões e normas que tratam de serviços de consultoria, conflitos de interesse, comitê de auditoria e rodízio periódico obrigatório do auditor independente procuram garantir a independência dos serviços prestados. A competência técnica é buscada por meio do exame de qualificação técnica e de programa de educação profissional continuada. O programa interno de controle de qualidade dos serviços prestados e a revisão pelos pares constituem, respectivamente, exemplo de controle interno e externo sobre a auditoria independente. Face ao exposto, buscou-se neste trabalho, avaliar o nível de aderência das normas brasileiras relacionadas com o controle de qualidade dos serviços de auditoria independente com as normas norte internacionais. Como resultado da pesquisa, concluiu-se forte convergência das normas brasileiras relativamente à internacionalmente adotadas.

Fundamentación teórica de la auditoria ambiental

OpenAIRE

Manuel Vélez C.

1998-01-01

International audience; La fundamentación teórica de la auditoria ambiental se orienta a establecer las bases del enfoque alternativo de la auditoria ambiental al medio ambiente y desarrollo local, desde la perspectiva de la sustentabilidad y las normas de auditoría generalmente aceptadas, por medio de la descripción y análisis de los principios de la auditoría, los conceptos de la auditoria con énfasis en el conceptos de ambiente y desarrollo sustentable, las normas de auditoría, las polític...

Determinantes dos Honorários de Auditoria: um Estudo nas Empresas Listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, Brasil

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Walther Bottaro de Lima Castro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho analisa os determinantes dos honorários de auditoria pagos por empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Os dados referentes às empresas listadas para 2012 mostram relação positiva entre honorários com as variáveis porte, complexidade do cliente e auditores Big N. O risco percebido pelo auditor demonstrou afetar os valores dos honorários de forma diferente nos clientes de maior e menor porte. Nos de menor porte, os resultados sugerem que o auditor cobre menores honorários de clientes mais alavancados e com maior risco, contrariando a hipótese de que o auditor cobraria maiores honorários como prêmio pelo risco assumido. Já nos de maior porte, os resultados demonstram que clientes com maior risco, medido pela liquidez e alavancagem, ou com maiores práticas de governança, tendem a gastar mais com auditoria. Quanto à troca do auditor, os resultados apontaram que clientes maiores pagam menos no primeiro ano de auditoria. Esses resultados qualificam os achados de Hallak e Silva (2012, sugerindo a necessidade de novas pesquisas com bases temporalmente mais extensas.

Mexico/USA agreement for the performance of an energy audit: a study case; Acuerdo Mexico/EUA para realizar auditoria de energia: un caso de estudio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Paredes, Hernando; Ambriz, Juan Jose [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Ortiz, Johny; Sheffield, John [University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri (United States)

1998-12-31

en la ciudad de Mexico por un equipo de profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad de Missouri-Rolla (UMR) y la Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM). Este intercambio internacional examina el potencial de transferencia tecnologica de los programas de los Centros de Asesoria Industrial y de Analisis y Diagnosticos Energeticos, mismos que son patrocinados por la Oficina de Tecnologias Industriales del Departamento de Energia de los Estados Unidos (Programa IAC-DOE). El articulo describe la metodologia aplicada por el equipo internacional para identificar las oportunidades de ahorro de energia mediante la visita a las instalaciones de las empresas manufactureras. Estas se clasifican de acuerdo con las areas potenciales de ahorro (por ejemplo: iluminacion, compresores de aire, motores, etc.) e incluyen los ahorros de energia, sus costos asociados, los costos de implementacion y el periodo simple de retorno. El trabajo presenta un caso de estudio relacionado con dos plantas mexicanas. Se hace una revision de las estadisticas de un ano que enlista las oportunidades de ahorro de energia encontradas por el UMR-IAC durante ocho anos de operacion, con el proposito de ilustrar. Las estadisticas se basan en unas 25 auditorias realizadas en los Estados Unidos y comprenden los ahorros de energia y de demanda, los costos asociados, los costos de implementacion y el periodo simple de retorno. Tambien se describe la realizacion de las auditorias conjuntas como una forma valida de transferencia tecnologica en dos vias, de interes para ambas instituciones educativas. El articulo concluye las ventajas del acercamiento conjunto hacia las auditorias de energia y el potencial para el desarrollo de un programa mas ambicioso de transferencia tecnologica. El valor educacional de la experiencia anterior para el profesorado y los estudiantes involucrados en el intercambio academico se ve tambien como una oportunidad importante para seguir con dichas actividades.

Mexico/USA agreement for the performance of an energy audit: a study case; Acuerdo Mexico/EUA para realizar auditoria de energia: un caso de estudio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Paredes, Hernando; Ambriz, Juan Jose [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Ortiz, Johny; Sheffield, John [University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri (United States)

1999-12-31

en la ciudad de Mexico por un equipo de profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad de Missouri-Rolla (UMR) y la Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM). Este intercambio internacional examina el potencial de transferencia tecnologica de los programas de los Centros de Asesoria Industrial y de Analisis y Diagnosticos Energeticos, mismos que son patrocinados por la Oficina de Tecnologias Industriales del Departamento de Energia de los Estados Unidos (Programa IAC-DOE). El articulo describe la metodologia aplicada por el equipo internacional para identificar las oportunidades de ahorro de energia mediante la visita a las instalaciones de las empresas manufactureras. Estas se clasifican de acuerdo con las areas potenciales de ahorro (por ejemplo: iluminacion, compresores de aire, motores, etc.) e incluyen los ahorros de energia, sus costos asociados, los costos de implementacion y el periodo simple de retorno. El trabajo presenta un caso de estudio relacionado con dos plantas mexicanas. Se hace una revision de las estadisticas de un ano que enlista las oportunidades de ahorro de energia encontradas por el UMR-IAC durante ocho anos de operacion, con el proposito de ilustrar. Las estadisticas se basan en unas 25 auditorias realizadas en los Estados Unidos y comprenden los ahorros de energia y de demanda, los costos asociados, los costos de implementacion y el periodo simple de retorno. Tambien se describe la realizacion de las auditorias conjuntas como una forma valida de transferencia tecnologica en dos vias, de interes para ambas instituciones educativas. El articulo concluye las ventajas del acercamiento conjunto hacia las auditorias de energia y el potencial para el desarrollo de un programa mas ambicioso de transferencia tecnologica. El valor educacional de la experiencia anterior para el profesorado y los estudiantes involucrados en el intercambio academico se ve tambien como una oportunidad importante para seguir con dichas actividades.

A função auditoria de sistemas de informação : modelo funcional e de competências

OpenAIRE

Silva, Pedro Manuel Gomes da

2008-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Tecnologias e Sistemas de Informação - Área de Especialização em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação. O título deste trabalho “A Função Auditoria de Sistemas de Informação: Modelo Funcional e de Competências” reflecte o seu principal objectivo que é propor um modelo com os vários processos de gestão da função Auditoria de SI e com as competências que complementarmente são exigíveis ao Auditor de SI. Este modelo poderá constituir as bases para a elaboraçã...

El Riesgo de Auditoria y sus Efectos sobre el Trabajo del Auditor Independiente

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Vernor Mesén Figueroa

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En un contexto mundial donde la información financiera se haconvertido en uno de los principales insumos, tanto para el desarrollodel comercio internacional como para la toma de decisionesfinancieras y económicas, resulta de suma importancia que lascifras de los estados financieros de toda entidad presenten, de formarazonable, la posición financiera, los resultados de operación y losflujos de efectivo de éstas. Es así como durante las últimas décadas,el trabajo de los auditores independientes ha venido tomando unaenorme transcendencia en vista de que, cada vez más, sus opinionesindependientes otorgan credibilidad y validez a la informaciónfinanciera de toda entidad, la cual es tan requerida por entidadesbancarias, accionistas, gobierno y público en general. El presenteestudio pretende reseñar cuál es la naturaleza del trabajo del auditorindependiente y, por ende, cuáles son los pasos que éste debe seguirpara desarrollar una auditoria de estados financieros. De igual forma,se analiza el concepto de riesgo de auditoria, sus componentes ylos efectos que dicho riesgo tiene sobre la naturaleza, extensión yoportunidad de las respuestas globales, pruebas de control y pruebassustantivas que un auditor independiente desarrolla con el propósitode determinar la razonabilidad de las cifras de los estados financierosde una entidad. Finalmente, se presentan guías de carácter general yespecífico que sirven de elemento orientador para que los auditoresindependientes estén en capacidad de desarrollar procedimientosde auditoria los cuales les permitan realizar trabajos de auditoriafinanciera con niveles de riesgo de auditoria aceptablemente bajos.   ABSTRACT In the global environment where financial informationhas become a main ingredient both to international tradedevelopment and to financial and economic decision making,it is of paramount importance that the financial figures in thefinancial statements of corporations reasonably show

Estudo da auditoria de contas em um hospital de ensino

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Gabriela Favaro Faria Guerrer

2015-06-01

Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivos:verificar os itens componentes das contas hospitalares, conferidos por enfermeiros auditores, que mais recebem ajustes no momento da pré-análise; identificar o impacto dos ajustes no faturamento das contas analisadas por enfermeiros e médicos auditores e identificar as glosas relacionadas aos itens conferidos pela equipe de auditoria.Método:pesquisa quantitativa exploratória, descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único.Resultados:após a análise de 2.613 contas constatou-se que o item mais incluído por enfermeiros foram gases (90,5% e o mais excluído medicamentos de internação (41,2%. Materiais de hemodinâmica; gases e equipamentos foram os que mais impactaram nos ajustes positivos. Os ajustes negativos decorreram de lançamentos indevidos nas contas e não geraram prejuízos de faturamento. Do total de glosas 52,24% referiu-se à pré-análise dos enfermeiros e 47,76% a dos médicos.Conclusão:a presente investigação do processo de pré-análise fornece subsídios que contribuem para o avanço no conhecimento sobre a auditoria de contas hospitalares.

Breve retrospectiva do desenvolvimento das atividades de auditoria no Brasil

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Álvaro Ricardino

2004-08-01

Full Text Available É difícil determinar a exata data em que foi procedido o primeiro trabalho de Auditoria no Brasil, mas, há exatamente um século, o balanço da São Paulo Tramway Light & Power Co., relativo ao período compreendido entre junho de 1899 e 31 de dezembro de 1902, foi certificado pela empresa canadense de Auditoria Clarkson & Cross - atualmente Ernst & Young. Este artigo procura recuperar a memória desse período, basicamente sob três ângulos: técnicooperacional, acadêmico e legal. Em termos operacionais, a primeira empresa de Auditoria Independente a se estabelecer no Brasil foi a DeloitteToucheTohmatsu, que instalou seu primeiro escritório no Rio de Janeiro, em 1911, e o segundo em Recife, em 1917. Àquela época, o país estava longe de ter qualquer tipo de preocupação com o assunto. Um dos primeiros artigos sobre esse tema foi publicado, em 1928, pela Revista Paulista de Contabilidade, com o título "Contabilidade na Grã-bretanha". O primeiro livro sobre Auditoria foi publicado apenas em 1957 e denominado "Curso de Auditoria". No que se refere ao aspecto legal, os conceitos e técnicas de auditoria foram formalmente introduzidos no ensino universitário por força do Decreto-Lei 7.988, de 22 de dezembro de 1945, o qual regulamentava a educação superior nos cursos de Economia, Contabilidade e Ciências Atuariais. Ainda no âmbito das leis, somente em 1965, pela primeira vez, foi introduzida afigura do Auditor Independente em um diploma legal. Esse foi um marco de enorme importância para a evolução da profissão e das práticas contábeis. Desde então, tanto as práticas de Auditoria quanto seu ensino acadêmico se consolidaram no país, de forma a atender seu principal objetivo: opinar a respeito da adequação das demonstrações contábeis publicadas, no que diz respeito aos seus aspectos mais relevantes.It is hard to determine the exact date of the first auditing work in Brazil but, about one century ago, the balance sheet

AUDITORIA DE ENFERMAGEM: CONHECIMENTO DE PROFISSIONAIS EM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO DE REFERÊNCIA

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Maria Leonice de Lima Passos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Auditoria de enfermería es la evaluación de la calidad de la atención prestada, lo que beneficia tanto paciente como equipo de Enfermería y instituición. Buscamos identificar el conocimiento del enfermero sobre el proceso de auditoría. Estudio exploratório, descriptivo y cuantitativo, de septiembre A diciembre de 2007, com la participación de 36 enfermeros de hospital público de referencia para enfermedades cardiovasculares , en Fortaleza - Ce, Brasil. Fue utilizado cuestionario compuesto por cuestiones relacionadas al conocimiento del participante sobre el concepto, la finalidad y los benefícios de la auditoría de enfermería. Los resultados fueron clasificados según el grado de conocimiento, siguiendo la literatura específica adoptada en el estudio. La percepción de los participantes fue limitada, señalando poco conocimiento acerca del tema, sugiriendo la necesidad de invertir en la formación profesional y llamar la atención sobre la auditoria de enfermería.

Análise comparativa das filosofias de auditoria

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Bruno José Machado de Almeida

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, pretende-se analisar as estruturas conceptuais, os normativos básicos, bem como os postulados teóricos nos quais a auditoria se fundamenta. Assim, são apresentados os fundamentos de auditoria estabelecidos por Mautz e Sharaf, Flint e Lee. Em primeiro lugar, serão analisadas essas estruturas conceptuais individualmente enfatizando os pontos mais críticos, muitos deles relacionados com as diferenças de expectativas em auditoria, de seguida será efectuada uma apreciação conjunta dos aspectos comuns e dos aspectos mais diferenciadores. A comparação entre os postulados básicos faz emergir novos contornos em relação à teoria da auditoria, explorando, sobretudo, a sua responsabilidade social. Com efeito, depois do aparecimento da responsabilidade social da empresa e do valor social da informação financeira, surge a função social da auditoria com o intuito de monitorizar e credibilizar a qualidade da informação financeira apresentada pelas administrações das empresas, assumindo, por isso, um papel determinante no contexto social actual.We intend to analyze the conceptual structures, basic normative instructions and theoretical postulates on which auditing is based. Thus, we present the bases of auditing established by Mautz and Sharaf, Flint and Lee. First, we study these conceptual structures and emphasize the most critical points, most of them related to the audit expectation gap. Next, we analyze common and distinctive aspects. The comparison between the basic postulates gives rise to new boundaries, related to auditing theory and particularly to the aspect of social responsibility. As a matter of fact, after the emergence of the company's social responsibility and the social value of financial information, the social function of auditing appears with a view to monitoring and giving credit to the financial information reported by the company's administrations, thus assuming a major role in today's social context.

Auditory and visual spatial impression: Recent studies of three auditoria

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Andy; Cabrera, Densil

2004-10-01

Auditory spatial impression is widely studied for its contribution to auditorium acoustical quality. By contrast, visual spatial impression in auditoria has received relatively little attention in formal studies. This paper reports results from a series of experiments investigating the auditory and visual spatial impression of concert auditoria. For auditory stimuli, a fragment of an anechoic recording of orchestral music was convolved with calibrated binaural impulse responses, which had been made with the dummy head microphone at a wide range of positions in three auditoria and the sound source on the stage. For visual stimuli, greyscale photographs were used, taken at the same positions in the three auditoria, with a visual target on the stage. Subjective experiments were conducted with auditory stimuli alone, visual stimuli alone, and visual and auditory stimuli combined. In these experiments, subjects rated apparent source width, listener envelopment, intimacy and source distance (auditory stimuli), and spaciousness, envelopment, stage dominance, intimacy and target distance (visual stimuli). Results show target distance to be of primary importance in auditory and visual spatial impression-thereby providing a basis for covariance between some attributes of auditory and visual spatial impression. Nevertheless, some attributes of spatial impression diverge between the senses.

TLD Intercomparison in accelerators for radiotherapy in three Latin american countries; Intercomparacion TLD en aceleradores para radioterapia en tres paises latinoamericanos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaona, E.; Azorin N, J.; Perez, M.A.; Picon, C.; Castellanos, E.; Plazas, M.C.; Murcia, G.; Archundia, L. [Depto. El Hombre y su Ambiente. Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Calz. Del Hueso 1100, 04960 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

1998-12-31

In Radiotherapy one of the objectives is to establish and to give follow up to quality assurance programs which make sure that the doses administered to the patients with cancer are a high probability of a success in external radiation. Likewise, one of the present preoccupations of the United Nations Agencies as well as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Pan-American Health Organization is the optimal employment of the radiations in the treatment of cancer patients since the administered dose in Radiotherapy suffers considerable variations by the lack of quality assurance programs. The use of Electron linear accelerators requires a program of quality assurance that includes expert personnel, equipment and adequate facilities. The more used methodology for the dosimetry calibration and characterization of X-ray beams and high energy electrons for radiotherapy use is using a ionization chamber dosemeter calibrated in a regional secondary standardization laboratory. However, to establish and give follow up to the quality assurance programs it is necessary the dosimetric intercomparison through TLD. In this study it was designed plastic phantoms with TLD crystals and it was made its characterization to realize an absorbed dose analysis in the crystals exposed at X-ray beams 6 MV and high energy electrons 10 and 12 MeV to standardize the dosimetric procedures and proceeding to realize an International Pilot intercomparison of absorbed doses in TLD crystals in three Latin American countries: Mexico, Peru and Colombia with the participation of accelerators of five different institutions. The found results show that the majority of the measured doses with TLD in the different accelerators were in the 0.95-1.05 range though it had two cases outside of this range. The use of the phantoms with TLD crystals shows that they are of excellent aid to make analysis of the doses administered to the patients and an intercomparison of results to standardize procedures at

Análise da produção em auditoria e saúde pública a partir da base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde

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Fábio Solon Tajra

Full Text Available Trata-se de revisão da literatura de base a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada na plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com o objetivo de caracterizar as pesquisas produzidas sobre auditoria no SUS. O levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu as publicações nacionais em auditoria de 2000 a 2010, sendo identificados quatorze documentos para compor a amostra do estudo. Os achados das pesquisas foram classificados de acordo com o tema investigado e os aspectos metodológicos categorizados. Os resultados ressaltam a insuficiência de estudos voltados para essa temática e a necessidade de divulgação dos relatos como fator de consolidação do processo de trabalho em saúde pública.

Auditoria em enfermagem: revisão sistemática da literatura

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Teresa Cristina Lyporage Dias

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica acerca da auditoria em enfermagem publicada em artigos nacionais entre 1998 e 2008. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com os artigos sendo pesquisados nas bases de dados LILACS e SciELO, a partir dos descritores auditoria, auditoria de enfermagem, qualidade da assistência à saúde e supervisão de enfermagem. A amostra constituiu-se de dez trabalhos. As publicações analisadas descrevem as principais distorções e não conformidades presentes nas anotações de enfermagem, relacionando-as, principalmente, com a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem e com os prejuízos financeiros às instituições. As publicações também destacam a função administrativa do enfermeiro, sobretudo a função de liderança junto à equipe de enfermagem; e a auditoria de enfermagem, como um processo educativo.

Una Responsabilidad Básica del Auditor: El Control de Calidad de la Auditoria

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Guillermo Sierra Molina

1997-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo de investigación es definir el control de calidad de la auditoria y delimitar a quién corresponde la responsabilidad de que ese control sea llevado a la práctica en cualquier auditoria. En su contenido identificamos las dos perspectivas que existen para realizarlo, esto es, por un lado países que se autorregulan y, por otro, aquellos cuyo control está asignado a algún ente dependiente de su estructura de administración pública. A continuación analizamos cómo se lleva a cabo desde cada una de ellas con la intención de iniciar una reflexión conducente a la posibilidad de un cambio de mentalidad que incorpore nuevas posibilidades dirigidas a mejorar la calidad del trabajo de los auditores cuyo control técnico está asignado al Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoria de Cuentas. The object of this paper is to define the quality control of the audit and to define who is responsible for the control being carried out in any audit. Here we identify the two perspectives that exists. On one hand countries that have self-regulation and, on the other, those whose control is allotted to some dependent body of their public administration structure. Below we analyse how each is carried out in order to give rice to a consideration of the possibility of an exchange of ideas incorporating new possibilities directed at improving the quality of the work of the auditors whose technical control is assigned to the Accounting and Audit Institute of Spain.

Trabalho imaterial e subjetividade em atividades de auditoria e consultoria

OpenAIRE

Ana Beatriz Fernandes Bezerra de Meneses

2008-01-01

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos do trabalho na vida de consultores e auditores de empresas multinacionais prestadoras de serviços de consultoria e auditoria. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratóriodescritivo, que contou com a participação de 12 consultores/auditores que trabalham ou trabalharam em uma ou mais das quatro grandes empresas multinacionais de auditoria e consultoria independente, mais conhecidas como BIG FOUR (grandes quatro). A coleta...

AUDITORIA EXTERNA EM ORGANIZAÇÕES DO TERCEIRO SETOR: UM ESTUDO DA PERCEPÇÃO DE CONTADORES E NÃO CONTADORES

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Selma Austricliano de Souza

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a percepção de contadores e não contadores a respeito das possíveis contribuições que a Auditoria Independente imprime na confiabilidade e transparência das Demonstrações Contábeis de Organizações do Terceiro Setor, além de verificar se existe diferença significativa entre as percepções desses dois grupos. A auditoria independente é uma técnica exercida por profissionais independentes da organização que verifica se as demonstrações contábeis foram elaboradas de acordo com as normas e princípios contábeis vigentes. Trata-se de uma ferramenta que subsidia as técnicas de gestão, a elaboração de projetos, o planejamento estratégico e a captação de recursos, um instrumento de governança corporativa. Nas organizações do Terceiro Setor, um espaço público de atuação das instituições da sociedade civil organizada que tem como escopo o bem público, percebe-se a necessidade de melhorar a confiabilidade e transparência nas demonstrações contábeis, visto que obtém recursos da iniciativa privada, do governo e de pessoas físicas para financiar suas atividades. Ao buscando resposta para o questionamento desta pesquisa, os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos foram adotados: a revisão na literatura pertinente ao tema, a aplicação de um questionário a uma amostra por acessibilidade a estudantes de pós graduação, nas áreas de contabilidade e finanças,  a contadores e a não contadores na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Na análise de dados, a escala “Grau de confiabilidade na auditoria independente” foi validada de acordo com a sua dimensionalidade, confiabilidade e convergência. Ao analisar as estatísticas descritivas, observou-se alto grau de confiabilidade na auditoria independente por parte dos dois grupos estudados. Em seguida, a análise de co-variância univariada (ANCOVA confirmou não existir diferença significativa quanto às percepções analisadas

Usos Finais de Eletricidade e Rotinas de Uso como Base para Estratégias de Eficiência Energética por Meio de Auditoria Residencial

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Arthur Santos Silva

2014-09-01

Full Text Available O trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os usos finais de eletricidade e rotinas de uso em habitações de interesse social. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de auditoria energética em uma amostra de 60 habitações de interesse social da região de Florianópolis-SC, por meio de aplicação de questionários aos moradores e medições do consumo de energia elétrica. Os dados obtidos com os questionários se referem à situação socioeconômica dos moradores e às rotinas de uso dos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos e iluminação, estimados para períodos de verão e inverno. As medições foram utilizadas para a caracterização dos equipamentos e lâmpadas, determinação do consumo de energia elétrica e o tempo de uso, por um período maior do que duas semanas em cada habitação. O tratamento de dados foi feito em forma de intervalos de confiança, por meio de métodos estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos. Os resultados mostraram que o chuveiro elétrico representa o maior uso final da amostra, com 36,8% de mediana, seguido dos refrigeradores, televisão e iluminação. Os dados não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os períodos de verão e inverno, devido ao tamanho reduzido da amostra e à variabilidade dos dados. As rotinas de uso encontradas, quando associadas à densidade potência média respectiva, são variáveis de entrada para estudos de simulação computacional do desempenho térmico dessas habitações, além de ajudarem na caracterização desse tipo de edificação. A correta quantificação dos usos finais de eletricidade de amostras pequenas leva à adoção de medidas corretas e específicas para a eficiência energética dessas habitações. Palavras-Chave: auditoria energética, usos finais de eletricidade, habitação de interesse social.

AUDITORIA INTERNA: SUA IMPORTÂNCIA NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES EMPRESARIAIS NO ÂMBITO COMPETITIVO

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Erica Aparecida Hott

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A auditoria interna passou a ser um instrumento de amplo controle para os gestores, através de atividades que auxilia a administração como meio de identificar que os processos internos e políticas definidos pela companhia, assim como sistemas contábeis e de controle interno, estão sendo efetivamente seguidos e que as transações realizadas estão refletidas contabilmente em concordância com os critérios definidos previamente, permitindo-lhes exercer com segurança o processo decisório sobre as importantes transações empresariais, sendo um diferencial no meio competitivo. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar a importância da auditoria interna dentro do âmbito organizacional nos dias atuais. Utilizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com base em estudos publicados que abordam o tema central deste estud. Conclui-se que a organização que investir na contratação do auditor interno terá mais chances de se alavancar no mercado competitivo diante dos avanços econômicos.

PS, SL and LHC Auditoria change names

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

Following the replacement of the PS, SL and LHC Divisions by the AB and AT Divisions, the Auditoria are also changing their names. PS Auditorium is renamed AB Meyrin SL Auditorium is renamed AB Prévessin LHC Auditorium is renamed AT

Use of MCNP to compare the response of dose deposited in the TLD 100, TLD 600 and TLD 700 in radiation fields due to {sup 60}Co and {sup 241}AmBe source; Uso do MCNP para comparacao das respostas de dose depositada nos TLD 100, TLD 600 e TLD 700 em campos de irradiacao devido a fontes de {sup 60}Co e {sup 241}AmBe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalieri, Tassio A.; Castro, Vinicius A.; Siqueira, Paulo T.D., E-mail: tassio.cavalieri@usp.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2012-08-15

The successes of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) depend on the ability to deliver an adequate irradiation field to the target cells. Neutron beams used in BNCT are mostly driven from reactors and therefore, not only have a neutron energy range which far exceeds the thermal region but also do have a great gamma component. Beam characterization and dosimetry are consequently one of the essential procedures to be overcome to properly apply this technique. One of the methods currently used in mixed field (field containing both neutron and gamma) characterization, lies on the use of a pair of detectors with distinct responses to each beam component. But this technique needs to be better understood of how each thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) behaves in a mixed field or in a pure field. This work presents the results of a set of simulations performed in order to analyze the response of three ordinary types of TLDs - TLD 100, TLD 600 and TLD 700 - submitted to different irradiation fields from a Cobalt source and an Americium-Beryllium source inside a paraffin disk. And is also a possible method for performing the selection and calibration of theses TLDs. (author)

Aplicação do lean office no processo de auditoria de um organismo de certificação aeroespacial

OpenAIRE

Grasiele Oliveira Alves Cardoso

2014-01-01

O presente trabalho apresenta uma aplicação do Lean Office no processo de auditoria de certificação de um Organismo de Certificação de Sistema da Qualidade (OCS) aeroespacial, com o objetivo de mapear e identificar oportunidades de melhoria no processo. Para a aplicação do Lean Office, foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação na qual foram implementados os passos de 1 a 8 que são propostos por Tapping e Shuker, no livro "Lean Office: gerenciamento do fluxo de valor para áreas administrativas - 8 ...

Auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação – A Experiência do TCE-CE

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Paulo Alcântara Saraiva Leão

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como propósito apresentar a experiência de implantação da área de auditoria de Tecnologia da Informação no Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Ceará (TCE-CE. O controle externo sobre a governança e o uso dos recursos de Tecnologia da Informação (TI, bem como os processos de aquisição dos mesmos no âmbito da Administração Pública estadual, é de extrema importância, uma vez tratar-se de área estratégica, de alto teor técnico, de grande dinamicidade e que envolve recursos financeiros significativos dentro dos orçamentos públicos. O objetivo maior com a implantação de uma área de auditoria de TI no TCECE foi buscar garantir que os recursos destinados a essa área, dentro da Administração Pública, sejam corretamente aplicados. Teve também o intuito de contribuir para a boa governança da TI na Administração Pública estadual, em benefício da sociedade. Neste contexto, o TCE-CE espera introduzir uma visão de auditoria de TI não limitada apenas ao regramento legal, mas também com ênfase na verificação da efetividade dos resultados dos programas, projetos, processos e atividades de TI, que dão suporte à aplicação de políticas públicas. Neste artigo, são apresentadas as motivações que justificaram a criação desta nova área, sua estrutura organizacional, ações realizadas, competências, atribuições, processo de trabalho; e finalmente os resultados e benefícios alcançados com sua atuação.

Robust determination of effective atomic numbers for electron interactions with TLD-100 and TLD-100H thermoluminescent dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, M.L.

2011-01-01

Lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) are the most commonly implemented for clinical dosimetry. The small physical magnitude of TLDs makes them attractive for applications such as small field measurement, in vivo dosimetry and measurement of out-of-field doses to critical structures. The most broadly used TLD is TLD-100 (LiF:Mg,Ti) and, for applications requiring higher sensitivity to low-doses, TLD-100H (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) is frequently employed. The radiological properties of these TLDs are therefore of significant interest. For the first time, in this study effective atomic numbers for radiative, collisional and total electron interaction processes are calculated for TLD-100 and TLD-100H dosimeters over the energy range 1 keV-100 MeV. This is undertaken using a robust, energy-dependent method of calculation rather than typical power-law approximations. The influence of dopant concentrations and unwanted impurities is also investigated. The two TLDs exhibit similar effective atomic numbers, ranging from approximately 5.77-6.51. Differences arising from the different dopants are most pronounced in low-energy radiative effects. The TLDs have atomic numbers approximately 1.48-2.06 times that of water. The effective atomic number of TLD-100H is consistently higher than that of TLD-100 over a broad energy range, due to the greater influence of the higher-Z dopants on the electron interaction cross sections. Typical variation in dopant concentration does not significantly influence the effective atomic number. The influence on TLD-100H is comparatively more pronounced than that on TLD-100. Contrariwise, unwanted hydroxide impurities influence TLD-100 more than TLD-100H. The effective atomic number is a key parameter that influences the radiological properties and energy response of TLDs. Although many properties of these TLDs have been studied rigorously, as yet there has been no investigation of their effective atomic numbers for electron interactions. The

Comprometimento organizacional e regime de remuneração: estudo em uma carreira pública de auditoria fiscal.

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Maria Joselice Lopes de Oliveira

2014-10-01

Full Text Available No contexto da carreira de auditoria da Receita Federal, utilizou-se, por cerca de nove anos, o regime de remuneração variável, vinculado à avaliação do desempenho individual e ao alcance de metas de arrecadação. A partir de 2008, esse sistema remuneratório foi substituído pela modalidade de retribuição pecuniária por subsídio, fixado em parcela única, sem gratificações ou recompensas. O novo modelo marca o fim das metas de desempenho individual e institucional para fins remuneratórios. Dada essa realidade, a pesquisa pretende responder à seguinte questão: Que efeito a mudança do modelo de remuneração variável para remuneração por subsídio causa no comprometimento organizacional no âmbito da carreira de auditoria do fisco federal? O objetivo geral é investigar a relação do comprometimento organizacional com os modelos de remuneração variável e por subsídio. Para isso, são considerados dois momentos distintos de forma de remuneração: sob o regime de pagamento variável, vinculado ao desempenho individual e ao alcance de metas da organização, e no segundo momento sob a forma de remuneração por subsídio, sem qualquer vínculo com as metas organizacionais ou desempenho individual. A pesquisa é de natureza quantitativa e descritiva quanto aos fins, utilizando uma survey como método de coleta de dados, com 142 integrantes da carreira de auditoria da RFB lotados na 3ª Região Fiscal. A análise dos dados coletados foi realizada a partir de estatística inferencial não paramétrica, baseada, sobretudo, em testes de análise univariada de variância. Os resultados indicam um elevado grau de comprometimento organizacional por parte dos pesquisados, ausência de efeito sobre esse comprometimento com a mudança no regime de remuneração que a categoria atravessou e revelam que auditores e analistas possuem preferência pelo modelo fixo de remuneração. Verificou-se, ainda, uma percepção de altera

Auditoria interna numa autarquia local

OpenAIRE

Mendes, Nuno Filipe Sousa

2014-01-01

A exigência do mundo atual, quer em termos sociais, quer em termos económicos, obriga a que sejam constantemente desenvolvidos novos indicadores de qualidade e transparência. Estes factos, associados a diferentes formas de organização e de suporte da informação, convocam novas medidas de controlo interno mitigadoras dos riscos, mais atuais e mais sustentadas legalmente, fazendo assim apelo a níveis profissionais elevados. É neste contexto que a auditoria interna vem ganhando uma importânci...

A Influência da Aplicação dos Mecanismos e Instrumentos de Auditoria nos Resultados da Cooperativa de Crédito de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Tecnológico – CEFET-PB

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Marcos Igor da Costa Santos

2009-03-01

Full Text Available O contexto de concorrência que permeia o mundo das organizações vem exigindo mudanças em seus processos de trabalho administrativo, principalmente, em relação ao planejamento e controle das operações econômico-financeiras, de forma que os padrões de eficiência e eficácia garantam a sobrevivência organizacional. Nesse sentido, a auditoria tem sido apontada como uma estratégia que, associada ao avanço tecnológico, viabiliza o planejamento e o desenvolvimento de atividades contábeis de acordo com as necessidades do mercado. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a influência da auditoria, através da aplicação dos mecanismos e instrumentos, nos resultados da cooperativa de crédito de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Tecnológico – CEFET-PB e como objetivos específicos: levantar os órgãos que auditam a cooperativa estudada; relacionar as áreas auditadas de acordo com os com os órgãos de fiscalização; verificar a freqüência e periodicidade das auditorias; descrever os papéis exercidos pelos órgãos fiscalizadores nos resultados da cooperativa; verificar os instrumentos e mecanismos utilizados pela COOPERCRET; e identificar as razões e as vantagens para a utilização da auditoria interna e externa na cooperativa em estudo. A fundamentação teórica abordou aspectos relacionados com origem e evolução da auditoria, conceitos, formas, tipos e vantagens da aplicação dessa ferramenta. Como resultados foi possível verificar que os padrões de eficiência e eficácia das auditorias impostas a COOPERCRET permitem viabilizar e desenvolver as atividades de consumo, produção, crédito, prestação de serviços e comercialização, atuando no mercado e gerando benefícios para todos os que formam a cooperativa. Além disso, as exigências deste procedimento têm garantido a formação e capacitação dos seus integrantes para o trabalho e a vida em comunidade, tendo como filosofia a educa

A new TLD system for space research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feher, I.; Deme, S.; Szabo, B.; Vagvoelgyi, J.; Szabo, P.P.; Csoeke, A.; Ranky, M.; Akatov, Yu.A.

1980-06-01

A small, portable, vibration and shock resistant thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) system was developed to measure the cosmic radiation dose on board of a spacecraft. The TLD system consists of a special bulb dosemeter and a TLD reader. The measuring dose range of the TLD system is from 10 μGy up to 100 mGy. The TLD reader can operate on a battery; its electrical power consumption is about 5 W, its volume is about 1 dm 3 and its mass is about 1 kg. Details are given of the construction and technical parameters of the dosemeter and reader. (author)

Relatório de estágio: auditoria interna e controlo de gestão

OpenAIRE

Pinho, Marisa Ferreira Alves de

2014-01-01

O presente relatório resulta do estágio curricular realizado na Divisão Municipal de Auditoria Interna, Planeamento e Sistemas de Informação do Município de Oliveira de Azeméis (MOA), no âmbito do Mestrado Contabilidade e Administração Pública e propõe-se divulgar as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio bem como a propor um método para integração da Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) no Plano Global de Gestão dos Riscos Organizacionais (PGGRO), aplicado à Divisão Municipal de Em...

Agentes de Mineração e sua Aplicação no Domínio de Auditoria Governamental

OpenAIRE

Silva, Carlos Vinícius Sarmento

2011-01-01

O trabalho de auditoria governamental tem sido realizado no âmbito do Poder Executivo Federal pela Controladoria-Geral da União. Várias estratégias são utilizadas visando a prevenção e o combate à corrupção. No entanto, algumas atividades tais como detecção de cartéis em licitações são limitadas devido à complexidade de se correlacionar informa ções para geração de conhecimento útil para os auditores através da análise de bases de dados. A área de Mineração de Dados tem sido alvo de várias pe...

Controle externo e auditoria no tribunal de contas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul: uma análise do trabalho realizado no âmbito municipal

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Leonardo Jorge Victor Nascente

2014-01-01

Com o propósito primeiro de analisar a efetividade dos trabalhos de auditoria do TCERS no cumprimento da sua missão, a pesquisa de natureza qualitativa teve os seguintes objetivos derivados: a) contextualizar o controle externo da administração pública brasileira e a sua relevância para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e para o combate à corrupção, b) demonstrar a estreita relação existente entre o controle externo, o controle social e o controle judicial da administração pública brasileira, ...

A importância da auditoria na análise ao pressuposto de continuidade

OpenAIRE

Aires, Vanessa Alexandra Campos

2016-01-01

Mestrado em Auditoria A análise ao pressuposto de continuidade tem alcançado uma enorme relevância, nos últimos anos, tendo em consideração os inúmeros casos de falência e escândalos que têm ocorrido, como por exemplo, a Enron, a Worldcom e o BES. A insolvência de entidades que foram alvo de auditorias proporcionou inúmeras incertezas, aos utilizadores das demonstrações financeiras, que se questionam quanto à responsabilidade dos auditores relativamente a estas situações. O presente trabal...

Evolução e tendências da auditoria informática nas unidades económicas

OpenAIRE

Antunes, Ilídio Rodrigues

1993-01-01

Doutoramento em Gestão A auditoria informática,como função de exame e avaliação do sistema de informação e das tecnologias que o suportam, insere-se nos princípios da gestão sistémica e da "auditoria interna", nos domínios da informação, organização, operação e decisão. Considera-se que as tecnologias de informação geram mutações em todos os sistemas, mas têm, apesar das suas implicações globais e estratégicas, acima de si a auditoria que visa examinar e avaliar a integridade e a consistên...

Auditoria em enfermagem como estratégia de um marketing profissional Auditoría en enfermería como estrategia de un marketing profesional Nursing audit as a professional marketing strategy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Suêuda Costa

2004-08-01

Full Text Available O trabalho relata uma experiência em auditoria com a equipe interdisciplinar nos serviços públicos de saúde na cidade de Fortaleza-CE e objetiva descrever a dimensão funcional das ações de auditoria e a importância para a enfermagem; definir um modelo como estratégia de marketing profissional para o enfermeiro. As bases teóricas da administração contemporânea foram utilizadas para convergir com as experiências da prática de auditagem. Propõe-se uma nova estratégia de auditoria em enfermagem em benefício da significação profissional, pois atualmente os enfermeiros executam ações com identidade de um marketing científico, mas no nível do inconsciente.La investigación relata una experiencia en auditoría con el equipo interdisciplinaria en los servicios públicos de salud de la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE y objetiva describir la dimensión funcional de las acciones y la importancia para la enfermería; definir un modelo como estrategia de marketing profesional para los enfermeros. Fueron utilizadas bases teóricas de la administración actual para convergir con las experiencias de la práctica de auditoría. Se propone una nueva estrategia de auditoría en enfermería en beneficio de la significación profesional pues los enfermeros ejecen acciones con identidad de un marketing científico, pero en el nivel del inconsciente.This study relates an audit experience with an interdisciplinary team in public health services at Fortaleza-CE and aims to describe the functional dimension of these audit actions and the its importance for nursing; to define a model with a professional marketing strategy for the nurse. Theoretical bases of contemporary Administration were used to converge with the audit practice experiences. One proposes a new audit nursing strategy in favor of the professional significance, because the nurse currently conducts actions with a scientific marketing identity, but at the unconscious level.

Environmental monitoring with a portable TLD system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szabo, P P; Feher, I; Deme, S; Szabo, B; Vagvoelgyi, J; German, E [Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest. Central Research Inst. for Physics

1984-01-01

Two types of TLD systems are used for environmental dose monitoring. One is based on an NHZ-203 laboratory TLD reader and CaSO/sub 4/:Dy powder. The other is based on CaSO/sub 4/:Tm bulbs and a small, portable TLD reader built into a cross-country car and operated by means of the car battery. The laboratory TLD system has been used for many years for environmental monitoring and it has been tested and proved satisfactory at international intercomparisons for environmental dosemeters. The new portable TLD system has the advantage of being able to establish the dose in a few minutes at the environmental station. The transport dose is omitted as the TLDs are evaluated at the field site. The evaluation of a bulb needs only a few minutes and the measured dose value can be reported back by radio - an important aspect during an emergency situation.

A auditoria legal na União Europeia: enquadramento, debate actual e perspectivas futuras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Joaquim Marques de Almeida

2002-04-01

Full Text Available A auditoria legal na União Europeia, encontra-se, presentemente, numa grande encruzilhada. Imposta pelos poderes públicos e pelas directivas comunitárias, é criticada pelos empresários por não acrescentar valor ao negócio, e, duma maneira geral, pela sociedade que ao atribuir-lhe a característica de bem público, esperava dela respostas mais amplas do que aquelas que os auditores, espartilhados por um quadro normativo e jurídico-técnico construído pelas suas associações profissionais, conseguem ou querem facultar ao público em geral. Com efeito, as normas de auditoria que tratam do planeamento, execução e avaliação do trabalho do auditor, têm sido o refúgio eleito pelos auditores e uma justificação esgrimida, unanimemente, pela classe, para recusar liminarmente o alargamento das funções de auditoria à análise da viabilidade da empresa e à detecção de erros e fraudes. Neste contexto, a função de auditoria legal está sendo, na actualidade, fortemente criticada por não proporcionar ao público "certezas" de que: as declarações financeiras estão correctas, a empresa não falirá, não houve fraudes ou irregularidades, a empresa agiu dentro da lei, foi administrada de forma competente e adoptou uma atitude responsável face aos assuntos ambientais e sociais. É, pois, o objectivo deste trabalho, apresentar em relação à União Europeia, a origem da auditoria legal, e, em termos mais gerais, as inquietações do presente e perspectivar a função, num futuro não muito distante.Nowadays, legal auditing in the European Union finds itself facing a great crossroads. Imposed by governments and communitarian guidelines, it is criticized by entrepreneurs for not aggregating value to the business, as well as by society in general which, characterizing legal auditing as a public good, expected it to give more elaborate answers than those which the auditors, closed in by a standardizing and legal-technical framework made

RFID based TLD monitoring system - a prospective development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeevanram, S.S.; Pawar, S.T.; Mahule, K.N.; Rath, D.P.

2008-01-01

Thermo Luminescence Dosimetry (TLD) is an established method of monitoring the radiation dose received by workers in radiation environments. In Radiometallurgy Laboratory, BARC, the TLD movement inside a nuclear facility is completely carried out by a radiation worker. However, there is a chance that the TLDs may get lost in laboratories or some places without the knowledge of the concerned TLD user or health physicist. It may later lead to a false effective dose. Effort is being done to initiate a RFID based TLD monitoring system so that the use of TLD can be acknowledged through a self operating software which can prevent misuse of the detector. A novel method of improving the administrative control through Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based monitoring to avoid such inadvertent misplacement of TLD, is in progress. This paper discusses the method and techniques through which administrative control can be exercised to reduce the number of such in explainable exposures. (author)

X-rays individual dose assessment using TLD dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salas, Carlos

2008-01-01

This paper describes the methodology used in Embalse NPP for measuring individual X-ray dose in dentists and radiologists, who work in areas near the plant. Personnel is provided with TLD personal dosimeters for thoracic use, as well as TLD ring dosimeters. This individual X-ray dosimetry is fundamental in order to know the effective energy coming from the radiation field, since the dosimetry factors depend on it. On the other hand, the response of the TLD crystals also depends of the effective energy; this accentuates the problem when assessing the individual dose. The X-ray dosimeter must simultaneously determine the value of the effective energy and the corresponding dose value. The basic principle for determining effective energy is by using at least two different TLD materials covered by filters of different thickness. The TLD materials used have totally energy responses. Therefore, different readouts from each of the crystals are obtained. The ratio between both readouts provides a factor that depends of the effective energy but that is 'independent' from the exposure values irradiated to the dosimeter. The Personal TLD dosimeter currently in use is Bicron-Harshaw. It comprises a carrier model 8807. This carrier contains a card model 2211 which groups two TLD 200 crystals and two TLD 100 crystals. It has internal filters at each side of the TLD 200 crystals. The periodical calibration of these dosimeters consists in the irradiation of some dosimeters with different X-ray energy beams in the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA). This dosimeter was used, by the National Regulatory Authority (ARN) in several comparisons, always getting satisfactory results. (author)

Regulação da auditoria em sistemas bancários: análise do cenário internacional e fatores determinantes

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José Alves Dantas

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo empírico-analítico tem por objetivos promover uma comparação dos níveis de regulação da atividade de auditoria em instituições bancárias e avaliar a relação entre esse grau de regulação e características dos sistemas bancários nacionais. Utilizou-se uma base de dados mantida pelo Banco Mundial, contendo pesquisa realizada junto a autoridades supervisoras e regulatórias bancárias nacionais de 172 países. Por meio de estatísticas descritivas, foi constatado que o nível mais elevado de regulação é registrado nas nações mais desenvolvidas e nos países do Oriente Médio, Norte da África, Europa e Ásia Central. Também foi constatado que o Brasil apresenta grau de regulação superior à média verificada internacionalmente. Quanto aos testes realizados, por meio de regressão, para avaliar a relação entre o nível de regulação de auditoria e características do setor bancário, foi evidenciado que há mais requerimentos para a atuação dos auditores nos países em que o crédito doméstico provido pelo setor bancário é maior e onde os bancos são mais rentáveis. Por outro lado, há menor regulação nos países em que há maior participação de bancos estatais no sistema financeiro e onde há mais restrições à atuação das instituições bancárias. Não foi confirmada a hipótese de associação positiva entre grau de concentração do setor bancário e o nível de regulação da atividade de auditoria. Por fim, foi constatado que, em 2000, primeiro ano da pesquisa, o nível de regulação era menor que os níveis apurados nos demais exercícios, enquanto que, em 2007, último ano da pesquisa, o nível de regulação é maior que nos anos anteriores, confirmando o que foi encontrado na literatura de que as normas de auditoria tendem a se tornar mais rigorosas com o passar do tempo, na medida em que a demanda por requerimentos mais estritos se acumula, notadamente em momentos de crise de

Planejamento das atividades de auditoria interna nas universidades federais brasileiras: apresentação do embasamento normativo = Planning of the internal audit activities in Brazilian federal universities: presentation of the normative bases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orion Augusto Platt Neto

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta um enfoque normativo sobre o planejamento anual que deve serrealizado nas unidades de auditoria interna, componentes da estrutura administrativadas universidades federais brasileiras. Deste modo, o objetivo do artigo é apresentar asnormas relativas à elaboração e ao acompanhamento da execução do plano anual deatividades de auditoria interna, que devem ser seguidas pelas universidades federais.Trata-se de umapesquisa aplicada, de natureza qualitativa e de caráter exploratório. O âmbito da pesquisaé restrito às instituições dedicadas ao ensino superior, componentes da administraçãoindireta na esfera federal brasileira. Foi utilizada a análise documental da legislação brasileira sobre controle e auditoria interna na administração pública. A pesquisa queembasou o artigo justifica-se, entre outros motivos, como contribuição à literatura daárea, que sofre escassez quanto às referências direcionadas para a auditoria interna nasuniversidades. Como resultados, foram apresentadas as bases normativas mais recentesque regulam as o planejamento das atividades de auditoria interna nas universidadesfederais, bem como a elaboração do Plano Anual de Atividades da Auditoria Interna (PAINT.As ações de auditoria interna nas universidades federais têm sua base normativa derivadada Constituição Federal de 1988, que, nos artigos 70 e 74, trata do sistema de controleinterno do Poder Executivo Federal. A partir disso, o Decreto Presidencial nº 3.591/00definiu atribuições à Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU e à Secretaria Federal de Controle Interno (SFC para a edição de instruções normativas sobre controle e auditoria interna.This paper presents a normative approach about the annual planning that must becarried through by internal audit units that compose the administrative structure of theBrazilian federal universities. This way, the objective of the paper is to present thespecific rules related to the

An automated thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kicken, P.J.H.; Huyskens, C.J.

1979-01-01

In the Health Physics Division of the Eindhoven University of Technology work is going on in developing an automated TLD-system. Process automization, statistical computation, dose calculation as well as dose recording are carried out, using a microcomputer and floppy disk unit. The main features of this TLD-system are its low costs, flexibility, easy to operate, and the feasibility for use in routine dosimetry as well as in complex TLD research. Because of its modular set-up several components of the system are multifunctional in other operations. The system seems suited for medium sized Health Physics groups. (Auth.)

Evidencia de las diferencias de expectativas en auditoria en mercados bursátiles de reducida dimensión: el caso Portugués Evidence on audit expectation gaps in small capital markets: the case of Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno José Machado de Almeida

2008-08-01

Full Text Available El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, en un pequeño mercado de capitales, como es el de Portugal, si existen diferencias de expectativas en auditoria y cuales son sus componentes principales. Para ese efecto se há cuestionado a auditores e profesores de contabilidad e auditoria en relación a diversos asuntos que influyen e incrementan las diferencias de expectativas en auditoria. Por otro lado, también se cuestiona a los usuarios de la información financiera en Portugal, intentando captar cuales son sus percepciones del papel de la auditoria contemporánea, y sus respuestas son comparadas con las opiniones de usuarios de los países anglosajones. Se concluye que las expectativas de los usuarios de la información en Portugal son semejantes a la de los países anglosajones. El fraude es el principal tópico en las diferencias de expectativas. Por otro lado, el modelo actual de informes de auditoria en Portugal no es suficiente claro para que los usuarios puedan percibir cual es el alcance y el trabajo desarrollado por el auditor en la obtención de sus conclusiones.The main goal of this paper is to analyze if, in a small capital market such as the Portuguese, the audit expectation gap exits and which are its major components. We have enquired auditors and University accounting and auditing professors regarding several subjects that influence and increase the audit expectation gap. We have also questioned the Portuguese users of financial information regarding their perception of the role of today's auditing, to assay their opinion with studies made in Anglo-Saxon countries. We have reached the conclusion that Portuguese financial statements users' expectations are similar to the ones of bigger capital markets. As a matter of fact, fraud is the main cause for the existence of the audit expectation gap, nevertheless, Portuguese financial statements users also indicate that the actual auditor's report model in Portugal is

TLD audit in radiotherapy in the Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroutilikova, D.; Zackova, H.; Judas, L.

1998-01-01

National Radiation Protection Institute in Prague organizes the TLD audit. The aim of the TLD postal audit is to provide control of the clinical dosimetry in the Czech Republic for purposes of state supervision in radiotherapy, to investigate and to reduce uncertainties involved in the measurements of absorbed dose and to improve consistency in dose determination in the regional radiotherapy centers. TLD audit covers absorbed dose measurements under reference conditions for 60 Co and 137 Cs beams, high-energy X-ray and electron beams of of linear accelerators and betatrons. The thermo-luminescence dosemeters are sent regularly to all radiotherapy centers. Absorbed dose measures by the TLD is compared to absorbed dose stated by radiotherapy center. Encapsulated LiF:Mg, Ti powder is used for the measurement. Deviation of 3% between stated and TLD measured dose is considered for photons and ±5% for electron beams. First TLD audit was started in 1997. A total of 135 beams was checked. There were found seven major deviations (more than ±6%), which were very carefully investigated. Medical Physicists from these departments reported a set-up mistake. However, at most of those hospitals with major deviations, an in situ audit in details was made soon after TLD audit. There were found discrepancies of clinical dosimetry but also bad technical state of some of the irradiation units. In 1998, second course TLD audit was started. No major deviation was found. Regular TLD audit seems to be a good way to eliminate big mistakes in the basic clinical dosimetry. Repeated audit in the regional radiotherapy centers that had major deviation during the first audit exhibited improvement of their dosimetry. It is intended to broaden the method and to control also beam parameters by means of a multi-purpose phantom. (authors)

Auditoria del projecte titulat “Adaptació del projecte de reurbanització dels interiors de Guineueta Fase 2”

OpenAIRE

Farrerons Vidal, Óscar; Marti, Miquel

2013-01-01

Auditoria tècnica del projecte, tenint en compte el Plec de Prescripcions per a l’assistència de la revisió de projectes d’infraestructures per a BIMSA. Aquesta revisió té dos parts, un dedicada a l’auditoria general, i una altra dedicada a l’estructuració informàtica del document.

Postal TLD audit in radiotherapy in the Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kapucianova, M.; Ekendah, D. l.; Bulanek, B.

2014-01-01

The postal TLD audit in radiotherapy is an independent check of dose applied by radiotherapy centers. Our poster provides basic information on the methodology of dose determination within the TLD audit. An overview of different versions of the TLD audit that are focused on specific techniques in radiotherapy is given. We also present results of so called basic version of the TLD audit that is performed regularly for purposes of the State Office for Nuclear Safety. Moreover, results of intercomparison measurements organized by the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), in which our laboratory takes part every year, are shown.The methodology of dose determination is based on TL measurement of LiF:Mg,Ti powder. The TL dosemeter (TLD) has form of a plastic capsule containing approximately 160 mg of this material. Before the TL reading, the powder of each particular irradiated dosemeter is divided into 9 identical samples by means of an accurate dispenser. The dosemeter response is given as average of TL responses of the 9 samples. The dose absorbed in water is computed from the TLD response by application of calibration factor and correction coefficients for elimination of energy dependence, supra-linearity and fading of the TL material. The evaluation of the TLD audit is based on comparison of the dose measured by the TLD and the dose stated by a radiotherapy center. Relative deviation between these doses is calculated. Several versions of the TLD audit are available. (authors)

Auditoria financeira e a sua importância para os stakeholders na Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte

OpenAIRE

Marques, Filipe André da Costa

2016-01-01

Nota: 15 valores Na sequência da crise financeira e de valores existentes na sociedade, o Estado não consegue suprir as crescentes desigualdades sociais. As instituições de carácter social aparecem como suporte a esta realidade. Estas sobrevivem de apoios da sociedade civil, sob a forma de donativos, heranças, doações, legados, entre outras. Deste modo, é fundamental que estas Instituições disponham de uma auditoria financeira realizada por entidade independente, uma vez que há a necess...

Differences in TLD 600 and TLD 700 glow curves derived from distict mixed gamma/neutron field irradiations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavalieri, Tassio A.; Castro, Vinicius A.; Siqueira, Paulo T.D.

2013-01-01

In Neutron Capture Therapy, a thermal neutron beam shall impinge on a specific nuclide, such as 10 B, to promote a nuclear reaction which releases the useful therapeutic energy. A nuclear reactor is usually used as the neutron source, and therefore field contaminants such as gamma and high energy neutrons are also present in the field. However, mixed field dosimetry still stands as a challenge in some cases, due to the difficulty to experimentally discriminate the dose from each field component. For the mixed field dosimetry, the International Commission on Radiation end Units (ICRU) recommends the use of detector pairs with different responses for each beam component. The TLD 600/700 pair meets this need, because these LiF detectors have different Li isotopes concentration, with distinct thermal neutron responses because 6 Li presents a much higher neutron capture cross section than does 7 Li for low energy neutrons. TLD 600 is 6 Li enriched while TLD 700 is 7 Li enriched. However, depending on the neutron spectrum presented in the mixed field, TLD 700 response to thermal neutrons cannot be disregarded. This work aims to study the difference in TLD 600 and TLD 700 glow curves when these TLDs are submitted to mixed fields of different energy spectra and components balance. The TLDs were irradiated in a pure gamma source, and in mixed fields from an AmBe sealed source and from the IPEN/MB-01 reactor. These TLDs were read and had their two main dosimetric regions analyzed to observe the differences in the glow curves of these TLDs in each irradiation. Field components discrimination was achieved through Monte Carlo simulations run with MCNP radiation transport code. (author)

Personal exposure control using TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishiguro, Hideharu; Takeda, Shinso

1979-01-01

In the Tokai Works of the Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC), for personal exposure control, the switching from film badges to TLD badges (and also finger-ring type local dosimeters) was made in fiscal 1974. The facilities involved are a fuel reprocessing plant, a PuO 2 -UO 2 mixed fuel production facility, and a centrifugal uranium enrichment development facility. The types of radiation concerned are various, such as γ(x), β and n. The situation of personal exposure control with TLD and the dose evaluation methods for respective radiations are explained. The number of personnel subject to exposure control, including transient people, is about 2500 - 3000 per three months. The TLD badges used are a special PNC type with TLDs to measure separately γ(x), β and n. With casings made of ABS resin, the external dimensions are 76 mm x 46 mm. (J.P.N.)

O controle interno e auditoria governamental: comparativo

OpenAIRE

Denise Fontenele de Oliveira

2014-01-01

Este artigo tem como propósito analisar alguns aspectos relacionados ao controle interno na Administração Pública brasileira. O controle interno é visto, sobretudo pela literatura contabilista, como uma das principais formas de controle na atividade pública. Por essa razão é que devem ser garantidas algumas prerrogativas às entidades, como, por exemplo, a autonomia funcional. Outra questão também visa demonstrar que a auditoria interna governamental é o ápice da pirâmide do sistema de control...

External assurance program in radiotherapy dose by TLD: implementation of a quality system and extension to complex treatments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mojsiejczuk, N.; Lohr, J.; Molina, L.; Vallejos, M.; Montaño, G.; Stefanic, A.; Zaretzky, A.

2011-01-01

Until now, the Regional Reference Center with secondary patterns for dosimetry ('Centro Regional de Referencia con Patrones Secundarios para Dosimetria' (CRRD)) has done dosimetry verifications with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in radiotherapy in square and rectangular fields. The objective of this paper is to inform about the first tests done to span new verification conditions in irradiations with multi-leaf collimator using regular and irregular field shapes. On the other hand, it will briefly describe the progress in the implementation of a quality management system adopted by the CRRD, regarding the TLD verification service. (author)

How to diagnose any type of TLD Reader?; Como diagnosticar cualquier tipo de TLD Reader?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez, Manuel Lopez; Garcia, Jose A. Tamayo; Gil, Alex Vergara; Lores, Stefan Gutierrez; Acosta, Andry Romero; Villanueva, Gilberto Alonso, E-mail: manolo@cphr.edu.cu, E-mail: jotag@cphr.edu.cu, E-mail: alex@cphr.edu.cu, E-mail: stefan@cphr.edu.cu, E-mail: andy@cphr.edu.cu, E-mail: gilberto@cphr.edu.cu [Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones (CPHR), La Habana (Cuba)

2013-07-01

The acquisition of know how of practical experiences obtained in the repair and maintenance of readers TLD RADOS for five years of work and the request by the International Atomic Energy for signing new Research Contracts (CRP), made possible the CRP 13328, in which the specialist is committed in the course of a year, to deliver educational software in order to train personnel associated with the operation of the TLD readers RADOS. Due to the importance of continuous transfer of knowledge for new generations of technicians and specialists who join our laboratories, the idea came when the first interactive CD that grouped 19 videos, divided into three blocks was ready: learning, repair and maintenance; it was suggested to expand the training for any TLD reader. Thus a much more complete than the first version package emerged. 7 cases were subsequently published in an IAEA TECDOC, 1599 were included.

Auditoria fiscal previdenciária em ambiente SAP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre David Viva

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho busca identificar meios para efetuar auditoria fiscal nos bancos de dados do SAP - o mais adotado ERP da atualidade (Bae e Ashcroft, 2004, 1 e 5; Khan, 2005, 5. Pretende-se concentrar no método de acesso às tabelas SAP, um dos cinco métodos de acesso aos bancos de dados de ERP (Neil Raden, 2004, 10. Em um primeiro momento, é necessário o levantamento, por empresa, de uma listagem dos cabeçalhos das tabelas com as quais ela trabalha, em bancos de dados que já alcançam os terabytes (SAP, SAP NetWeaver: 50. Como o SAP é um programa multilíngüe e multiempresarial, suas tabelas são criptografadas, isto é, os nomes das tabelas e de duas colunas não guardam a menor relação com os dados que elas registram (Saphir, 2004, 1. Em um segundo momento, então, por meio do ACL, a listagem de cabeçalhos de tabelas obtida é filtrada. As tabelas que interessam ao Fisco são solicitadas à empresa de uma forma mais precisa, de modo a não sobrecarregar nem a empresa nem do Fisco. Em um terceiro momento, ainda com auxílio do ACL, as tabelas especificadas são analisadas (Primeiros Passos, 2003, 3.

The IAEA/WHO TLD postal programme for radiotherapy hospitals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izewska, J.; Andreo, P.

2000-01-01

Since 1969 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), together with the World Health Organization (WHO), has performed postal TLD audits to verify the calibration of radiotherapy beams in developing countries. A number of changes have recently been implemented to improve the efficiency of the IAEA/WHO TLD programme. The IAEA has increased the number of participants and reduced significantly the total turn-around time to provide results to the hospitals within the shortest possible time following the TLD irradiations. The IAEA has established a regular follow-up programme for hospitals with results outside acceptance limits of ±5%. The IAEA has, over 30 years, verified the calibration of more than 3300 clinical photon beams at approximately 1000 radiotherapy hospitals. Only 65% of those hospitals who receive TLDs for the first time have results within the acceptance limits, while more than 80% of the users that have benefited from a previous TLD audit are successful. The experience of the IAEA in TLD audits has been transferred to the national level. The IAEA offers a standardized TLD methodology, provides Guidelines and gives technical back-up to the national TLD networks. The unsatisfactory status of the dosimetry for radiotherapy, as noted in the past, is gradually improving however, the dosimetry practices in many hospitals in developing countries need to be revised in order to reach adequate conformity to hospitals that perform modern radiotherapy in Europe, USA and Australia. (author)

Measurement of TLD Albedo response on various calibration phantoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momose, T.; Tsujimura, N.; Shinohara, K.; Ishiguro, H.; Nakamura, T.

1996-01-01

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) has recommended that individual dosemeter should be calibrated on a suitable phantom and has pointed out that the calibration factor of a neutron dosemeter is strongly influenced by the the exact size and shape of the body and the phantom to which the dosemeter is attached. As the principle of an albedo type thermoluminescent personal dosemeter (albedo TLD) is essentially based on a detection of scattered and moderated neutron from a human body, the sensitivity of albedo TLD is strongly influenced by the incident neutron energy and the calibration phantom. (1) Therefore for albedo type thermoluminescent personal dosemeter (albedo TLD), the information of neutron albedo response on the calibration phantom is important for appropriate dose estimation. In order to investigate the effect of phantom type on the reading of the albedo TLD, measurement of the TLD energy response and angular response on some typical calibration phantoms was performed using dynamitron accelerator and 252 Cf neutron source. (author)

A new fully automated TLD badge reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kannan, S.; Ratna, P.; Kulkarni, M.S.

2003-01-01

At present personnel monitoring in India is being carried out using a number of manual and semiautomatic TLD badge Readers and the BARC TL dosimeter badge designed during 1970. Of late the manual TLD badge readers are almost completely replaced by semiautomatic readers with a number of performance improvements like use of hot gas heating to reduce the readout time considerably. PC based design with storage of glow curve for every dosimeter, on-line dose computation and printout of dose reports, etc. However the semiautomatic system suffers from the lack of a machine readable ID code on the badge and the physical design of the dosimeter card not readily compatible for automation. This paper describes a fully automated TLD badge Reader developed in the RSS Division, using a new TLD badge with machine readable ID code. The new PC based reader has a built-in reader for reading the ID code, in the form of an array of holes, on the dosimeter card. The reader has a number of self-diagnostic features to ensure a high degree of reliability. (author)

Experimental determination of the photon-energy dependent dose-to-water response of TLD600 and TLD700 (LiF:Mg,Ti) thermoluminescence detectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwahofer, Andrea [Vivantes Clinic Neukoelln, Berlin (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Therapy; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (Germany). Medical Physics in Radiation Therapy; Feist, Harald [Munich Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Radiation Therapy; Georg, Holger [PTW Freiburg (Germany). Calibration Lab.; Haering, Peter; Schlegel, Wolfgang [German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (Germany). Medical Physics in Radiation Therapy

2017-05-01

The aim of this study has been the experimental determination of the energy dependent dose-to-water response of TLD600 and TLD700 thermoluminescent detectors (Harshaw) in X-ray beams with mean photon energies from about 20 to 200 keV in comparison with {sup 60}Co gamma rays and 6 MV X-rays. Experiments were carried out in collaboration with the German secondary standard laboratory PTW Freiburg. The energy dependent relative responses of TLD600 and TLD700 thermoluminescence detectors were determined at radiation qualities between 30 kV{sub p} and 280 kV{sub p}. The overall uncertainty of the measured values was characterized by standard deviations varying from 1.2 to 3%. The present results agree with previous studies on the energy dependent dose-to-water response of TLD100. As an application example, the results were used to measure doses associated with X-ray imaging in image-guided radiotherapy.

La Auditoria Interna como instrumento de seguimiento para el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad en una empresa industrial autopartista Plascar S.A.

OpenAIRE

Pereyra, Clelia Elizabeth

2016-01-01

I. INTRODUCCION -- II METODOLOGIA -- III RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION -- 1- ESTUDIOS EXPLORATORIOS DE CARÁCTER BIBLIOGRÁFICO SOBRE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS RELEVANTES DE LA EMPRESA PLASCAR SA -- 2- ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO BIBLIOGRÁFICO SOBRE LA AUDITORIA INTERNA IMPLEMENTADA EN EL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE CALIDAD EN LA INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ -- 3- ANÁLISIS DE HERRAMIENTA ADMINISTRATIVA DE GESTIÓN ESTRATÉGICA IMPLEMENTADA EN EL SITEMA DE GESTION DE CALIDAD DE PLASCAR S.A -- 4- ESTUDIOS EXPLORATORIOS DE LA EX...

Environmental effects on TLD 100

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lilley, E.; Howard, R.

1976-01-01

Reference is made to a recent paper by Dhar et al (Health Phys.; 25:427 (1973)) in which significant differences in the sensitivity of TLD 100 crystals following the same heat treatments in different environments, were reported. Similar work is here reported on TLD 100 at 400 0 C with half the crystals being heat treated in vacuum, irradiated and readout an then annealed in air, irradiated and readout while the other half of the crystals were air annealed and readout before vacuum annealing and readout. In both cases no significant change was detected in contrast to the results of Dhar et al. (U.K.)

TLD audit in the radiotherapy at the national level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroutilikova, D.; Zackova, H.; Novotny, J.; Pridal, I.

1998-01-01

Czech legislation requires that all radiotherapy departments undertake quality independent audit annually. An authorized auditing group was created as a body of the National Radiation Protection Institute. It has been decided that TLD postal audit combined with film dosimetry would alternate with in situ audit every two or three years. For this, a local TLD measuring network has been established. The methods applied in the TLD audit were taken from EROPAQ and EURAQA projects in 1996 and modified to comply with Czech local circumstances. First TLD audits were started in February 1997. During the February to September period, 60 beams were checked: 26 Co-60 beams, 10 Cs-137 beams, 15 X-ray beams, and 9 electron beams. Details of the measurements and their results are given. (P.A.)

Avaliação qualitativa dos serviços de pré-natal: auditoria de fichas clínicas Qualtiative analysis of prenatal care services: medical registers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cyro Ciari Jr.

1974-06-01

Full Text Available Propõe-se um método para auditoria de fichas clínicas de serviços de pré-natal, baseado no preenchimento de duas fichas modelos I e II. A primeira refere-se ao grau de preenchimento dos itens da ficha e a segunda à coerência entre os itens assinalados e o diagnóstico e conduta. Tendo como base o modelo de ficha usado pelo serviço em auditoria, são elaboradas duas listas de itens que depois são aplicadas para obtenção de dados que irão constar nas fichas I e II. O método foi usado em algumas unidades Sanitárias (CS I e III da Secretaria de Saúde de S. Paulo (Brasil revelando ser de simples aplicação e fácil análise dos resultados, porém necessitando de pessoal qualificado, como enfermeira e médico com experiência na área da Saúde Materna.A method for qualitative analysis of medical registers in Prenatal Care Services is proposed, based on the filling percentage of the items and on the coherence of the data of history, physical examination, diagnosis and management. The method, used in some Prenatal care units of the Health Secretary of São Paulo, has proved to be easily conducted, when applied by qualified manpower, such as skilled nurses and physicians.

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) quality assurance network in the Czech Republic.

Science.gov (United States)

Kroutilķková, Daniela; Novotný, Josef; Judas, Libor

2003-02-01

The Czech thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) quality assurance network was established in 1997. Its aim is to pursue a regular independent quality audit in Czech radiotherapy centres and to support state supervision. The audit is realised via mailed TL dosimetry. The TLD system consists of encapsulated LiF:Mg,Ti powder (type MT-N) read with Harshaw manual reader model 4000. Basic mode of the TLD audit covers measurements under reference conditions, specifically beam calibration checks for all clinically used photon and electron beams. Advanced mode consists of measurements under both reference and non-reference conditions using a solid multipurpose phantom ('Leuven phantom') for photon beams. The radiotherapy centres are instructed to deliver to the TLD on central beam axis absorbed dose of 2 Gy calculated with their treatment planning system for a particular treatment set-up. The TLD measured doses are compared with the calculated ones. Deviations of +/-3% are considered acceptable for both basic and advanced mode of the audit. There are 34 radiotherapy centres in the Czech Republic. They undergo the basic mode of the TLD audit regularly every 2 years. If a centre shows a deviation outside the acceptance level, it is audited more often. Presently, most of the checked beams comply with the acceptance level. The advanced TLD audit has been implemented as a pilot study for the present. The results were mostly within the acceptance limit for the measurements on-axis, whereas for off-axis points they fell beyond the limit more frequently, especially for set-ups with inhomogeneities, oblique incidence and wedges. The results prove the importance of the national TLD quality assurance network. It has contributed to the improvement of clinical dosimetry in the Czech Republic. In addition, it helps the regulatory authority to monitor effectively and regularly radiotherapy centres.

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) quality assurance network in the Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroutilikova, Daniela; Novotny, Josef; Judas, Libor

2003-01-01

Introduction: The Czech thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) quality assurance network was established in 1997. Its aim is to pursue a regular independent quality audit in Czech radiotherapy centres and to support state supervision. Materials and methods: The audit is realised via mailed TL dosimetry. The TLD system consists of encapsulated LiF:Mg,Ti powder (type MT-N) read with Harshaw manual reader model 4000. Basic mode of the TLD audit covers measurements under reference conditions, specifically beam calibration checks for all clinically used photon and electron beams. Advanced mode consists of measurements under both reference and non-reference conditions using a solid multipurpose phantom ('Leuven phantom') for photon beams. The radiotherapy centres are instructed to deliver to the TLD on central beam axis absorbed dose of 2 Gy calculated with their treatment planning system for a particular treatment set-up. The TLD measured doses are compared with the calculated ones. Deviations of ±3% are considered acceptable for both basic and advanced mode of the audit. Results: There are 34 radiotherapy centres in the Czech Republic. They undergo the basic mode of the TLD audit regularly every 2 years. If a centre shows a deviation outside the acceptance level, it is audited more often. Presently, most of the checked beams comply with the acceptance level. The advanced TLD audit has been implemented as a pilot study for the present. The results were mostly within the acceptance limit for the measurements on-axis, whereas for off-axis points they fell beyond the limit more frequently, especially for set-ups with inhomogeneities, oblique incidence and wedges. Conclusions: The results prove the importance of the national TLD quality assurance network. It has contributed to the improvement of clinical dosimetry in the Czech Republic. In addition, it helps the regulatory authority to monitor effectively and regularly radiotherapy centres

Study of a method based on TLD detectors for in-phantom dosimetry in BNCT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gambarini, G. [Dept. of Physics of the Univ., Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); INFN, Natl. Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); Klamert, V. [Dept. of Nuclear Eng. of Polytechnic, CESNEF, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milan (Italy); Agosteo, S. [INFN, Natl. Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); Dept. of Nuclear Eng. of Polytechnic, CESNEF, Via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milan (Italy); Birattari, C.; Gay, S. [Dept. of Physics of the Univ., Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); INFN, Natl. Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); Rosi, G. [FIS-ION, ENEA, Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome (Italy); Scolari, L. [Dept. of Physics of the Univ., Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); INFN, Natl. Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy)

2004-07-01

A method has been developed, based on thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD), aimed at measuring the absorbed dose in tissue-equivalent phantoms exposed to thermal or epithermal neutrons, separating the contributions of various secondary radiation generated by neutrons. The proposed method takes advantage of the very low sensitivity of CaF{sub 2}:Tm (TLD-300) to low energy neutrons and to the different responses to thermal neutrons of LiF:Mg,Ti dosemeters with different {sup 6}Li percentage (TLD-100, TLD-700, TLD-600). The comparison of the results with those obtained by means of gel dosemeters and activation foils has confirmed the reliability of the method. The experimental modalities allowing reliable results have been studied. The glow curves of TLD-300 after gamma or neutron irradiation have been compared; moreover, both internal irradiation effect and energy dependence have been investigated. For TLD-600, TLD-100 and TLD-700, the suitable fluence limits have been determined in order to avoid radiation damage and loss of linearity. (authors)

Study of physical factors affecting the TLD readout

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, Amira Abd Elrhman Ebrahim

2015-10-01

The aim of the study was to study the effects of physical factors in TLD reading. The dosimeters have been irradiated with x rays of (0.5 mGy to 5 mGy) using plastic holder with Aluminum filters with dimensions 1.5 x 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm in thickness to obtain the equivalent dose Hp (10) flux of nitrogen gas and annealing after data collection by TLD Reader Analyzer 04 (Version 0.9.400 micro lab (krakow 2012). The count and dose analysis shows that; The count/s given by TLD appears to be higher in case of using filtration which was 7189.9 eps in contrast with reading without filter which was 4055.8 eps. There was proportional linear relationship between the applied dose and the TLD count for both cases with and without filter. And the correlation could be fitted in the form of equations: y=423.9 x + 1023 and y = 432.5 x + 405.3 for filtered and y refers to count/s. Such increment in count is ascribed to increasing applied radiation dose as well it indicates and confirms the linearity of TLD in measuring the radiation dose since R 2 = 0.9. However the count with filter for the applied radiation dose in mGy was greater than that without filter. The that measured with pellets annealing (reading of zero doses). TLD pellets reading without zero dose measurement usually gives greater dose ( 441.8 and 563.6 μGy) relative to the case where the zero doses have been measured which were 289.6 and 429.2 μGy, respectively. While the effect of using filtration is so obvious and leads to increase of zero dose, respectively relative to dose s of un reading of zero dose, and reading of zero dose, but without filter.(Author)

Analysis of uncertainties in the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izewska, J. [Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, Vienna (Austria)], E-mail: j.izewska@iaea.org; Hultqvist, M. [Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden); Bera, P. [Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, Vienna (Austria)

2008-02-15

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) operate the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme. Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) are used as transfer devices in this programme. In the present work the uncertainties in the dose determination from TLD measurements have been evaluated. The analysis of uncertainties comprises uncertainties in the calibration coefficient of the TLD system and uncertainties in factors correcting for dose response non-linearity, fading of TL signal, energy response and influence of TLD holder. The individual uncertainties have been combined to estimate the total uncertainty in the dose evaluated from TLD measurements. The combined relative standard uncertainty in the dose determined from TLD measurements has been estimated to be 1.2% for irradiations with Co-60 {gamma}-rays and 1.6% for irradiations with high-energy X-rays. Results from irradiations by the Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM), Primary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (PSDLs) and Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) compare favourably with the estimated uncertainties, whereas TLD results of radiotherapy centres show higher standard deviations than those derived theoretically.

Automated TLD system for gamma radiation monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyberg, P.C.; Ott, J.D.; Edmonds, C.M.; Hopper, J.L.

1979-01-01

A gamma radiation monitoring system utilizing a commercially available TLD reader and unique microcomputer control has been built to assess the external radiation exposure to the resident population near a nuclear weapons testing facility. Maximum use of the microcomputer was made to increase the efficiency of data acquisition, transmission, and preparation, and to reduce operational costs. The system was tested for conformance with an applicable national standard for TLD's used in environmental measurements

Hand book on the use of TLD badge based on CaSO4:Dy teflon TLD discs for individual monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Adtani, M.M.; Varadharajan, G.; Bakshi, A.K.; Srivastava, Kshama; Bihari, R.R.

2002-10-01

Individual monitoring is one of the most important aspects of a radiation protection programme. In India, an official and centralized personnel monitoring service to radiation workers started in 1952. With the indigenous development of a TLD badge system in 1975 at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, decentralization of monitoring service was initiated. At present, about 40,000 radiation workers are monitored using this system through twelve TLD units located in different parts of the country, including a private accredited laboratory. Regulatory and other inspecting bodies have often asked outstation TLD units to produce a duly approved document on the procedures being practiced for the assessment of personal doses. A need for such a document has also been felt to ensure the uniformity in processing of dosemeters, recording and reporting of doses by different TLD units and to provide guidelines regarding the infrastructure requirement. This document in the form of a handbook has been prepared to cater to the above needs. The handbook is expected to provide necessary guidelines not only to the newcomers/ forthcoming units and the existing laboratories but also to help the regulators, inspectors and assessors. (author)

Controle gerencial e auditoria de gestão:uma análise dos aspectoscomportamentais e influências = Management control and audit management: an analysis of the behavioralaspects and influences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alexandre Nascimento Wanderley

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Em face da nova perspectiva para os trabalhos de auditoria governamental proposta pelo Tribunalde Contas da União (TCU, agora direcionados para aspectos relacionados ao desempenho dagestão, e pela notoriedade que o debate a respeito do tema possui, este estudo busca responderquestão de extrema relevância para o planejamento e desenvolvimento dos trabalhos de camponas auditorias com foco no desempenho da gestão: os aspectos comportamentais, relacionadoscom sistemas de controle gerenciais, exercem influência no planejamento e desenvolvimentodos trabalhos de campo numa auditoria de gestão? Prosseguindo, este estudo baseou-se tambémem propósitos secundários, como a identificação e mensuração da influência dos aspectoscomportamentais no processo de gestão das organizações e evidenciação da forma como osaspectos comportamentais são abordados por ocasião do planejamento e execução das auditoriasgovernamentais. Metodologicamente foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Ao finaldo estudo conclui-se que o planejamento e desenvolvimento dos trabalhos de campo sãoinfluenciados pelos aspectos comportamentais, e que os mesmos possuem participação efetivatanto na atuação dos sistemas de controles internos, quanto no desempenho da gestãoorganizacional como um todo. Given the new perspective to the work of government audit proposed by the Court of Audit (TCU,now directed to aspects related to performance management, and the notoriety that the debate on the subject has, this study seeks to answer the question very important for the planning anddevelopment of field work in auditing with a focus on performance management: behavioralaspects related to management control systems, influence the planning and development offield work in a management audit? Continuing, this study also draws on secondary purposessuch as identification and measurement of the influence of behavioral aspects in the managementof organizations and

NRE58/2: Programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el 2012

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2012-01-01

Programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el 2012. Resoluci??n del Rectorado de la Universidad de Granada por la que se aprueba la programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el 2012

Towards an automated TLD system that meets international requirements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boetter-Jensen, L.; Vanamo, V.

1988-01-01

The new recently introduced fully automated TLD system developed by Alnor OY on the basis of the Riso prototype, is intended to meet draft IEC/ISO proposals and ANSI requirements. Part of the system is a personal dosemeter badge and an environmental dosemeter package following ICRU recommendations. The overall system consists of a software-controlled automated reader, a programable irradiator/calibrator, a computer, and dosemeters for environmental, whole body, extremity and clinical applications. The personal TLD badge that contains four TLD pellets is designed to agree with ICRU H p (10) and H s (0.07) quantities for determining dose equivalent. The badge can accommodate a large variety of the most commonly used solid TL dosemeter products. A special effort was put into the evaluation of skin dose by considering the use of graphite-mixed hot-sintered LiF pellets. The TLD system is described and results from a performance test that comprised measurements of photon energy response, angular dependence, and reproducibility are presented

Auditoria e controlo interno no setor público casos de estudo: Câmara Municipal de São Miguel e Câmara Municipal de São Lourenço dos Órgãos

OpenAIRE

Monteiro, Astrid Neiva Amador Freire

2014-01-01

A auditoria numa organização precisa de um sistema de controlo interno para assegurar o controlo de potenciais erros. No setor público, apresenta-se como uma importante ferramenta para uma boa gestão da “coisa” pública. O estágio decorreu na Inspeção Geral de Finanças de Cabo Verde e incidiu sobre os Serviços de Inspeção do Setor Público Administrativo das Autarquias Locais. Teve como casos de estudo, o Município de São Miguel e o Município de São Lourenço dos Órgãos, relativam...

Estudo da auditoria de contas em um hospital de ensino

OpenAIRE

Guerrer, Gabriela Favaro Faria; Lima, Antônio Fernandes Costa; Castilho, Valéria

2015-01-01

RESUMOObjetivos:verificar os itens componentes das contas hospitalares, conferidos por enfermeiros auditores, que mais recebem ajustes no momento da pré-análise; identificar o impacto dos ajustes no faturamento das contas analisadas por enfermeiros e médicos auditores e identificar as glosas relacionadas aos itens conferidos pela equipe de auditoria.Método:pesquisa quantitativa exploratória, descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único.Resultados:após a análise de 2.613 contas constatou-se que o ...

Measurement of annual dose on porcelain using surface TLD method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Junding; Wang Weida; Leung, P.L.

2001-01-01

In order to improve accuracy of TL authentication test for porcelain, a method of measurement of annual dose using ultrathin (CaSO 4 :Tm) dosage layer on porcelain was studied. The TLD was placed on the part of porcelain without glaze. A comparison of measurement of annual dose for surface TLD, inside TLD and alpha counting on porcelain was made. The results show that this technique is suitable for measuring annual dose and improving accuracy of TL authentication test for both porcelain and pottery

Auditoria no Sistema Único de Saúde: o papel do auditor no serviço odontológico Auditing in the Brazilian National Health System: the auditor's role in oral health services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Ayach

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A auditoria, na saúde, verifica os processos e resultados da prestação de serviços, pressupondo o desenvolvimento de um modelo de atenção adequado, de acordo com as legislações vigentes. Nesta pesquisa, objetivou-se analisar as atividades da auditoria no Sistema Único de Saúde no serviço de saúde bucal, buscando demonstrar as ações e a sua inserção nas três esferas de governo. Foram realizadas análise documental e levantamentos bibliográficos sobre os sistemas de auditoria e o papel do auditor no serviço odontológico desde 1969. Os resultados mostraram que foram encontrados seis artigos sobre auditoria odontológica no SUS e que a atuação do auditor odontológico é abrangente no gerenciamento do sistema, consistindo no controle, na avaliação, na supervisão e na orientação, bem como na garantia da participação social e acesso aos serviços. Na saúde bucal o auditor analisa, monitora e fiscaliza o planejamento das estratégias e os procedimentos efetuados; realiza o cadastramento dos profissionais, das unidades de saúde e a programação física orçamentária; viabiliza os dados para o sistema de informação e o pagamento dos serviços prestados; examina o cumprimento das pactuações, dando um enfoque educativo e não mais policialesco à resolubilidade dos problemas. Conclui-se que existem poucos estudos sobre auditoria odontológica no SUS e que o sistema de auditoria é um instrumento administrativo confiável e essencial para os gestores no desenvolvimento das ações de saúde.Auditing in health verifies processes and results in the provision of services, assuming the development of an adequate care model in accordance with the current legislation. In this research, the goal was to analyze the auditing activities within the Brazilian National Health System, in the oral health service, aiming to demonstrate the actions and their inclusion in the three governmental spheres. Documental analyses were undertaken

TLD array for precise dose measurements in stereotactic radiation techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ertl, A.; Kitz, K.; Griffitt, W.; Hartl, R.F.E.; Zehetmayer, M.

1996-01-01

We developed a new TLD array for precise dose measurement and verification of the spatial dose distribution in small radiation targets. It consists of a hemicylindrical, tissue-equivalent rod made of polystyrene with 17 parallel moulds for an exact positioning of each TLD. The spatial resolution of the TLD array was evaluated using the Leskell spherical phantom. Dose planning was performed with KULA 4.4 under stereotactic conditions on axial CT images. In the Leksell gamma unit the TLD array was irradiated with a maximal dose of 10 Gy with an unplugged 14 mm collimator. The doses delivered to the TLDs were rechecked by diode detector and film dosimetry and compared to the computer-generated dose profile. We found excellent agreement of our measured values, even at the critical penumbra decline. For the 14 mm and 18 mm collimator and for the 11 mm collimator combination we compared the measured and calculated data at full width at half maximum. This TLD array may be useful for phantom or tissue model studies on the spatial dose distribution in confined radiation targets as used in stereotactic radiotherapy. (author)

Scattering and/or diffusing elements in a variety of recently completed music auditoria

Science.gov (United States)

McKay, Ronald L.

2002-11-01

Architectural elements which provide effective acoustic scattering and/or diffusion in a variety of recently completed auditoria for music performance will be presented. Color slides depicting the various elements will be shown. Each will be discussed with respect to its acoustic performance and architectural logic. Measured time-energy reflection patterns will be presented in many cases.

Optimal selection of TLD chips

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phung, P.; Nicoll, J.J.; Edmonds, P.; Paris, M.; Thompson, C.

1996-01-01

Large sets of TLD chips are often used to measure beam dose characteristics in radiotherapy. A sorting method is presented to allow optimal selection of chips from a chosen set. This method considers the variation

Auditorias e distorções: ênfase nas atividades de anotação de enfermagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Creso Machado Lopes

1998-03-01

Full Text Available Estudo junto a 34 Relatórios de Auditorias Técnico-Contábil, empreendidos em Unidades de Saúde de Rio Branco-Acre, nos anos de 1994/95, envolvendo as atividades do SIA-SIH/SUS. Como objetivo analisou-se as distorções encontradas, segundo 8 categorias em diferentes áreas de atuação, dando ênfase nas atividades de anotações de enfermagem. Estabeleceu-se também sub-categorias, as quais foram agrupadas por semelhanças de conteúdo. Nas 34 auditorias encontrou-se 491 distorções, representando uma média de 14,4 distorções por unidades. Como resultados mais significativos das categorias, destaca-se as 198(40,6% distorções em Administração; 121(24,6% em Medicina; 99(20,2% em Enfermagem e 51(10,2% em Contabilidade. Dentro das sub-categorias em Enfermagem, cita-se as 34(34,3% distorções em anotação de enfermagem e 15(15,1% na administração de medicamentos. Como conclusão encontrou-se que o pessoal de enfermagem não vem seguindo as regras de anotação de enfermagem, colocando em risco não só o paciente, como também o profissional e a própria unidade de saúde. Tais resultados, acredita-se, em muito contribuirão com os técnicos envolvidos na produção, controle e auditoria nos recursos oriundos do SUS.

Factores Determinantes del Retraso en la Emisión del Informe de Auditoria. Un Análisis Empírico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amparo Sánchez Segura

2000-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar, adoptando una metodología empírica, las causas determinantes del retraso en la emisión del informe de auditoria. Los resultados obtenidos, acordes con los documentados en la literatura contable referida a otros países, ponen de manifiesto que existe una consistente relación estadística entre el retraso en la firma del informe y la presencia de salvedades; además, agrupando las salvedades en función de su importancia, se ha comprobado que este retraso es mayor a medida que aumenta la gravedad de la salvedad recibida. También son variables relevantes para explicar el citado retraso la presencia de algunas características corporativas de las entidades y la firma de auditoria que ejecuta la misma. The purpose of this paper was to conduct an empirical analysis of the determinant factors for the delay in the release of the audit report Our results are consistent with those of previous studies carried out in other countries, in that they provide evidence on the existence of a consistent statistical relationship between the delay in signing the report and the existence of qualifications; moreover grouping the qualification in terms of their importance has verified that this delay is greater the more serious is the received qualification. We also found that certain corporate characteristics and the identity of the audit firm helped to explain the delay in the delivery of the audit report.

Análisis comparativo de la auditoría financiera y la auditoría integral y sus beneficios en la toma de decisiones en las empresas comerciales

OpenAIRE

Altamirano Calderón, Silvia Soraya

2014-01-01

La necesidad de ser competitivos, requiere concientización empresarial para mejorar esquemas de control, administración, mitigar riesgos internos, externos, para prevenir, corregir, implementar, tener herramientas fiables, tomar decisiones estratégicas, lograr objetivos organizacionales. Se comparó teoría y práctica entre Auditoria Financiera y Auditoria Integral sector comercial período 2012 para resolver la pregunta de cuál Auditoria, tiene información con mayor confiabilidad concluyendo co...

Condiciones contemporáneas para ejecutar auditoría académica en la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (año 2012-2013)

OpenAIRE

Mostacero Cuzco, Evelio Neri

2014-01-01

La investigación tuvo como propósito describir, identificar, definir y determinar cómo las condiciones contemporáneas tienen incidencia en la ejecución de una auditoria académica en la Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, fundamentado en la propuesta de modernización y optimización de la gestión en base a las necesidades de acreditación que tiene esta Entidad Universitaria, para elaborar un programa, procedimientos, técnicas y evaluación de la auditoria académica. El método de estudio fue d...

La auditoria interna en la optimización del gobierno corporativo a nivel de una empresa de producción de biocombustibles

OpenAIRE

Prado Palomino, Jorge Luis

2008-01-01

En la tesis, se planteó como objetivo, determinar si la auditoria interna influye en la optimización del gobierno corporativo en las empresas de producción de biocombustibles, determinándose como resultado del trabajo de campo, que el grado de independencia, objetividad, servicios de aseguramiento y consultoría por parte de Auditoria Interna incide en el logro de mayor grado de coordinación entre los intereses de los individuos, las empresas y la sociedad; que mediante el aseguramiento influy...

Ten years experience with a large computerized TLD-personnel monitoring system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duftschmid, K.E.

1986-01-01

It is now ten years since our Institute for Radiation Protection has fully replaced its filmdosimetry service by a computerized automated TLD system. Presently more than 13000 radiation workers are monthly monitored by three automated TLD readers linked to the computer center. The paper describes system hardware and software and experience gained in long-term routine operation. In particular the introduction of the new ICRU quantities for personnel dosimetry in the existing TLD system is discussed. (Author)

Positional glow curve simulation for thermoluminescent detector (TLD) system design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Branch, C.J.; Kearfott, K.J.

1999-01-01

Multi- and thin element dosimeters, variable heating rate schemes, and glow-curve analysis have been employed to improve environmental and personnel dosimetry using thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs). Detailed analysis of the effects of errors and optimization of techniques would be highly desirable. However, an understanding of the relationship between TL light production, light attenuation, and precise heating schemes is made difficult because of experimental challenges involved in measuring positional TL light production and temperature variations as a function of time. This work reports the development of a general-purpose computer code, thermoluminescent detector simulator, TLD-SIM, to simulate the heating of any TLD type using a variety of conventional and experimental heating methods including pulsed focused or unfocused lasers with Gaussian or uniform cross sections, planchet, hot gas, hot finger, optical, infrared, or electrical heating. TLD-SIM has been used to study the impact on the TL light production of varying the input parameters which include: detector composition, heat capacity, heat conductivity, physical size, and density; trapped electron density, the frequency factor of oscillation of electrons in the traps, and trap-conduction band potential energy difference; heating scheme source terms and heat transfer boundary conditions; and TL light scatter and attenuation coefficients. Temperature profiles and glow curves as a function of position time, as well as the corresponding temporally and/or spatially integrated glow values, may be plotted while varying any of the input parameters. Examples illustrating TLD system functions, including glow curve variability, will be presented. The flexible capabilities of TLD-SIM promises to enable improved TLD system design

Self-shielding factors for TLD-600 and TLD-100 in an isotropic flux of thermal neutrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horowitz, Y.S.; Dubi, A.; Ben Shahar, B.

1976-01-01

The applications of lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters in mixed n-γ environments, and the dependence of LiF-TL on linear energy transfer are both topics of current interest. Monte Carlo calculations have therefore been carried out to determine the thermal neutron absorption probability (and consequently the self-shielding factor) for an isotropic flux of neutrons impinging on different sized cylindrical samples of LiF TLD-100 and TLD-600. The calculations were performed for cylinders of radius up to 10 cm and heights of 0.1 to 1.5 cm. The Monte Carlo results were found to be significantly different from the analytic calculations for infinitely long cylinders, but, as expected, converged to the same value for (r/h) << 1. (U.K.)

Introducing 2D barcode on TLD cards - a step towards automation in personnel monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ajoy, K.C.; Dhanasekaran, A.; Annalakshmi, O; Rajagopal, V.; Santhanam, R.; Jose, M.T.

2018-01-01

As part of personnel monitoring services, TLD lab, RSD, IGCAR issues and receives large numbers of TLD cards every month, for use by occupational workers belonging to various hot facilities at Kalpakkam. Considering the nature of the work being manual, routine, labour intensive and being prone for human errors, introducing automation would be necessary at the TLD lab as well as at the user facility. This requires identification of the individual components of the TLD and embed them with unique identification for the system to accomplish the task. The paper discusses the automation part related to the TLD cards

La auditoría de gestión como instrumento de control y evaluación para innovar la gestión en la Municipalidad Provincial de Bagua

OpenAIRE

Frías Olano, José Genaro

2015-01-01

La auditoría gubernamental en nuestro país ha ido evolucionando rápidamente acorde a los nuevos conceptos en los que no solamente se aplica para auditar estados financieros y emitir opinión sobre su razonabilidad o no, sino que se ha ampliado a la auditoria de cumplimiento y la auditoria de desempeño, remplazando de esta manera el antiguo concepto de la auditoría de gestión hacia un nuevo concepto en donde se busca examinar en forma independiente y objetiva las tareas, programas y entidades d...

Auditoría de seguridad informática ISO 27001 para la empresa de alimentos Italimentos Cía. Ltda.

OpenAIRE

Cadme Ruiz, Christian Miguel; Duque Pozo, Diego Fabián

2011-01-01

En la empresa de Italimentos existe ciertas vulnerabilidades para acceder a cierta información, para ello se ha realizado una auditoria de seguridad informática basada en un estándar internacional ISO 27001, anexo A, el cual tiene como objetivo la confidencialidad, integridad e integridad de los datos. Para ello se realizaron ciertos capítulos que ayudaron a encontrar falencias en la seguridad de la información. Para lo cual, se describe a la empresa, producción, comercialización, emplea...

Next Generation Model 8800 Automatic TLD Reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velbeck, K.J.; Streetz, K.L.; Rotunda, J.E.

1999-01-01

BICRON NE has developed an advanced version of the Model 8800 Automatic TLD Reader. Improvements in the reader include a Windows NT TM -based operating system and a Pentium microprocessor for the host controller, a servo-controlled transport, a VGA display, mouse control, and modular assembly. This high capacity reader will automatically read fourteen hundred TLD Cards in one loading. Up to four elements in a card can be heated without mechanical contact, using hot nitrogen gas. Improvements in performance include an increased throughput rate and more precise card positioning. Operation is simplified through easy-to-read Windows-type screens. Glow curves are displayed graphically along with light intensity, temperature, and channel scaling. Maintenance and diagnostic aids are included for easier troubleshooting. A click of a mouse will command actions that are displayed in easy-to-understand English words. Available options include an internal 90 Sr irradiator, automatic TLD calibration, and two different extremity monitoring modes. Results from testing include reproducibility, reader stability, linearity, detection threshold, residue, primary power supply voltage and frequency, transient voltage, drop testing, and light leakage. (author)

Dosimetric properties of the 'Pille' portable, wide dose range TLD reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szabo, P.P.; Feher, I.; Deme, S.; Szabo, B.; Vagvoelgyi, J.

1986-01-01

The dosimetric properties of a portable TLD reader are described. The TLD system named 'Pille' or 'moth' consists of a lightweight battery-operated portable TLD reader and its CaSO 4 :Dy bulb dosemeters. The reproducibility of the TLD system at constant temperature was found to be better than + -2%, and the mean time between failures exceeded 5 years. The dose range of the system is wide, covering more than 6 orders of magnitude, from 5 μGy to 10 Gy. The energy dependence of the CaSO 4 :Dy bulb dosemeters is less than + - 20% above 100 keV in the energy compensation capsules. Without additional annealing, the bulb dosemeters can be re-used at least 100 times, which is an important aspect during in situ measurements. (author)

How to diagnose any type of TLD Reader?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, Manuel Lopez; Garcia, Jose A. Tamayo; Gil, Alex Vergara; Lores, Stefan Gutierrez; Acosta, Andry Romero; Villanueva, Gilberto Alonso

2013-01-01

The acquisition of know how of practical experiences obtained in the repair and maintenance of readers TLD RADOS for five years of work and the request by the International Atomic Energy for signing new Research Contracts (CRP), made possible the CRP 13328, in which the specialist is committed in the course of a year, to deliver educational software in order to train personnel associated with the operation of the TLD readers RADOS. Due to the importance of continuous transfer of knowledge for new generations of technicians and specialists who join our laboratories, the idea came when the first interactive CD that grouped 19 videos, divided into three blocks was ready: learning, repair and maintenance; it was suggested to expand the training for any TLD reader. Thus a much more complete than the first version package emerged. 7 cases were subsequently published in an IAEA TECDOC, 1599 were included

Produção Científica Sobre Rodízio de Auditoria: Uma Análise Bibliométrica e Sociométrica nas Bases Sciense Direct e Scopus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Barraco Marassi

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetiva identificar redes sociais sobre o tema rodízio de auditoria nas bases Science Direct e Scopus entre os anos de 1996 e 2012. A presente pesquisa traz como diferenciais tanto a evolução das pesquisas que envolvem o tema “rodízio de auditoria” de 1996 a 2012 quanto a apresentação das redes de produção científica entre autores que trataram desse tema nesse perí-odo. O referencial teórico apresentado aborda autores que tratam do rodízio de auditoria. Quanto à metodologia, efetuou-se uma pesquisa sociométrica, empírico-analítica, realizada em 36 periódicos internacionais e 1 periódico nacional de negócios, gestão e contabilidade. Nas bases pesquisadas filtrou-se a expressão “Rotation of audit” no título, resumo e palavras-chave do artigo, em que retornaram 75 artigos, dos quais 5 não estavam relacionados ao tema e 1 se teve acesso somente ao resumo. Logo, a amostra foi composta por 69 artigos. Nestes, realizou-se análise bibliométrica e análise de redes (sociométrica, comparando-se as principais características de redes sob o enfoque de small worlds. Os resultados indicam que as abordagens encontradas com maior recorrência relacionam-se a qualidade da auditoria e a independência de auditores. Destaca-se a necessidade da ampliação no número de artigos publicados, pois ao longo de 17 anos foram encontradas 75 publicações nas bases analisadas. Outro aspecto importante diz respeito ao número de citações das obras analisadas, as quais poderiam ter um impacto mais alto, caracterizando a consolidação do tema como um campo de pesquisa permanente para os pesquisadores. Também utilizou-se a técnica de nuvens de palavras, onde verificou-se que a palavra que mais apareceu no estudo foi auditoria, seguida por rotação, auditor e qualidade.

Qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem em terapia intensiva: avaliação por meio de auditoria operacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Fátima Padilha

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para Adultos. Os dados de cinquenta clientes com mais de três dias de internação foram coletados por meio da observação, do exame físico e da análise do prontuário do paciente, utilizando-se um Roteiro de Auditoria Operacional. Os cuidados considerados de qualidade foram os que obtiveram percentual de respostas positivas ≥ 70%, como aqueles relacionados à Segurança Física (71% e Utilização de Equipamentos (72%. A Atividade Física (28% e Oxigenação/Ventilação (29% foram os cuidados com percentuais mais baixos de respostas positivas. Conclui-se que há urgência em se executar ações de educação continuada no serviço investigado, porque a maioria dos itens e subitens de cuidados não foi considerada de qualidade.

Environmental dose measurement with microprocessor based portable TLD reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deme, S.; Apathy, I.; Feher, I.

1996-01-01

Application of TL method for environmental gamma-radiation dosimetry involves uncertainty caused by the dose collected during the transport from the point of annealing to the place of exposure and back to the place of evaluation. Should an accident occur read out is delayed due to the need to transport to a laboratory equipped with a TLD reader. A portable reader capable of reading out the TL dosemeter at the place of exposure ('in situ TLD reader') eliminates the above mentioned disadvantages. We have developed a microprocessor based portable TLD reader for monitoring environmental gamma-radiation doses and for on board reading out of doses on space stations. The first version of our portable, battery operated reader (named Pille - 'butterfly') was made at the beginning of the 80s. These devices used CaSO 4 bulb dosemeters and the evaluation technique was based on analogue timing circuits and analogue to digital conversion of the photomultiplier current with a read out precision of 1 μGy and a measuring range up to 10 Gy. The measured values were displayed and manually recorded. The version with an external power supply was used for space dosimetry as an onboard TLD reader

Minimizing TLD-DRD differences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riley, D.L.; McCoy, R.A.; Connell, W.D.

1987-01-01

When substantial differences exist in exposures recorded by TLD's and DRD's, it is often necessary to perform an exposure investigation to reconcile the difference. In working with several operating plants, the authors have observed a number of causes for these differences. This paper outlines these observations and discusses procedures that can be used to minimize them

The study of new calibration features in the Harshaw TLD system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo, L. Z.

2007-01-01

The Harshaw TLD system has three key calibration procedures: the Reader, the Dosemeter and the Algorithm. These functions must be properly calibrated for the system to achieve the optimum results. For the conventional reader and dosemeter calibration, Harshaw TLD recommends a pre-fade and a post-fade of 24-48 h when calibrating the system for LiF:Mg,Ti type dosemeter. It is also recommended that keeping the fade time consistent is important to maintain the quality of the system performance. In recent years, new calibration features have been introduced into the Harshaw TLD models 6600 and 8800 operating systems. These new features are Auto Calibration, Auto QC and Auto Blank, and they give the user the ability to set up the clear-expose-read process to be performed automatically in a sequence for each dosemeter. This saves processing time and keeps the fade time the same. However, since the fade time is near zero, will it affect the TLD system calibration factors? What should the user expect? This paper presents a study of the effect of Auto Calibration/Auto QC to the TLD operation. (authors)

A prática da enfermeira em auditoria em saúde La práctica de la enfermera en auditoría de salud Nurses' practice in health audit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Araújo Pinto

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da investigação foi conhecer a prática da enfermeira em auditoria em saúde. A concepção de análise adotada foi a da hermenêutica-dialética, e foi desenvolvida em três lócus: a auditoria interna de uma organização hospitalar; a auditoria externa de um comprador privado de serviços de saúde, e o sistema de auditoria do âmbito estadual do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS, na Bahia. Foram entrevistadas nove enfermeiras auditoras. Na auditoria do SUS, as enfermeiras expressaram satisfação no exercício desta prática e valorização de seu papel profissional. Na auditoria privada - interna e externa às organizações de saúde - as ações das enfermeiras se direcionam para atender aos interesses de seus contratantes, e pouco se relacionam com a assistência prestada pela equipe de enfermagem e com as necessidades dos usuários dos serviços.El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la práctica de la enfermera en la auditoría de salud. La concepción de análisis adoptada fue la de la hermenéutica-dialéctica, y se desarrolló en tres locales: la auditoría interna de una organización hospitalaria, la auditoría externa de un comprador privado de servicios de salud y el sistema de auditoría del ámbito estatal del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS en Bahía, Brasil. Fueron entrevistadas nueve enfermeras auditoras. En la auditoría del SUS, las enfermeras expresaron satisfacción en el ejercicio de esta práctica y en la valorización de su papel profesional. En la auditoría privada - interna y externa a las organizaciones de salud - las acciones de las enfermeras están dirigidas a atender los intereses de sus contratantes, y poco se relacionan con la asistencia prestada por el equipo de enfermería y con las necesidades de los usuarios de los servicios.The objective of this investigation was to identify nurses' practice in heath audit. The hermeneutic-dialectic method was used for the analysis. The study was performed

The scientific literature on audit and quality of nursing records

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecília Nogueira Valença

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Conhecer a produção científica sobre auditoria em enfermagem e identificar a importância do registro de enfermagem no prontuário para a auditoria. Método: Revisão bibliográfica narrativa, para qual selecionou-se artigos relacionados à auditoria em enfermagem e registros de enfermagem nas bases eletrônicas Scientific Electronic Library Online, e Literatura Latinoamericana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, publicados entre 2000 e 2010. Resultados: Os artigos analisados sob caráter qualitativo indicaram que há poucos estudos sobre a temática. Foi identificado que auditoria de enfermagem, atualmente, é realizada pelo método retrospectivo no prontuário e está voltada para o âmbito contábil, e que os registros de enfermagem possuem qualidade insatisfatória para servir de instrumento de coleta de dados. Conclusão: Há perspectivas que a auditoria passe a investigar a qualidade do cuidado, e possuir um caráter educativo que possibilite a qualidade da assistência.

TLD territorial network in the Czech Republic

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kroutilikova, D. [National Radiation Protection Institute, Prague (Czech Republic)

1996-12-31

At present, there are 236 measuring points practically homogeneously distributed on the territory of the Czech Republic. 98 measuring points are distributed as local TLD-networks in the surroundings of Czech two nuclear power plants. Both of the TLD-networks are operated by the National Radiation Protection Institute in Prague. The dosimeters hitherto used are the CaSO{sub 4}:Dy-teflon detectors placed in TL-badges and shielded on both sides by energy compensation filters composed of lead and tin. Recently, a new modernization of the measuring system, type of dosimeter and methods of evaluation is under way. From 1996 the Czech Radiation Monitoring Network will be used the TLD system HARSHAW 4000, along with the type 8807 ENVIRONMENTAL DOSIMETER. The dosimeter is composed of four TL-elements - two LiF and two CaF{sub 2}, placed in a plastic badge. In addition, the CaF{sub 2} elements are shielded on both sides by energy compensation filters composed of tantalum and lead. Before the routine use of the new system a testing of the dosimeters was made. The following text summarizes the obtained results (J.K.). 4 tabs.

Thermoluminescent relative efficiencies of TLD-100 for nitrogen ions respect of gamma radiation; Eficiencias termoluminiscentes relativas de TLD-100 para iones de nitrogeno respecto de radiacion gamma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Concha S, K. [UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias, 04510 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Avila, O. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Gamboa de Buen, I. [ICN-UNAM, 04510 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Rodriguez V, M.; Buenfil, A.E.; Ruiz T, C.; Brandan, M.E. [IFUNAM, 04510 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2004-07-01

The purpose of this work is to measure the thermoluminescent relative efficiency of those TLD-100 dosemeters irradiated with nitrogen ions with respect to the gamma radiation of {sup 60} Co, in function of the linear energy transfer (LET). Two energy of such nitrogen ions were selected that has the same value from LET when impacting in the dosemeters but with E{sub 1} energy (4.8 MeV) and E{sub 2} (9.95 MeV) smaller and greater respectively that the energy of the Bragg peak. (Author)

Investigation of LiF, Mg and Ti (TLD-100) Reproducibility.

Science.gov (United States)

Sadeghi, M; Sina, S; Faghihi, R

2015-12-01

LiF, Mg and Ti cubical TLD chips (known as TLD-100) are widely used for dosimetry purposes. The repeatability of TL dosimetry is investigated by exposing them to doses of (81, 162 and 40.5 mGy) with 662keV photons of Cs-137. A group of 40 cubical TLD chips was randomly selected from a batch and the values of Element Correction Coefficient (ECC) were obtained 4 times by irradiating them to doses of 81 mGy (two times), 162mGy and 40.5mGy. Results of this study indicate that the average reproducibility of ECC calculation for 40 TLDs is 1.5%, while these values for all chips do not exceed 5%.

Dosimetric quality control in radiotherapy using TLD methodology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saravi, M.C.; Kessler, C.; Alvarez, P.E.; Feld, D.B.

2002-01-01

In the frame of the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project 'Development of a Quality Assurance Program for Radiation Therapy Dosimetry in Developing Countries' a Dosimetric Quality Control Group was set up in Argentina in 1996, to develop a program in order to improve radiotherapy in the country. Nowadays, this Group, briefly called External Audit Group (EAG), is composed by the national Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL), which has the responsibility for dose determinations, traceability to international dosimetry chain and TLD measurements, and two Medical Physicists from CNEA who are working at the Oncology Hospital 'Marie Curie' in Buenos Aires. The present paper reports the activities performed by the EAG with external high energy photon beams in reference conditions and the results of two pilot studies on cobalt 60 beams in non-reference conditions. The first step of the program was to update the existing data base about the radiotherapy centres operating in the country. A form was sent to each of them in order to obtain basic information about their staff, number and type of treatment machines, brachytherapy sources, measuring devices, beam calibration, treatment planning system, simulator and other relevant data. 90 radiotherapy centres were registered in the EAG data base. Forms were completed by 75/90 centres. There are nowadays 69 cobalt 60 units and 42 LINACs operating in the country (18/42 LINACs producing high energy X ray and electron beams). EAG deals with measurements performed with mailed TLD irradiated at radiotherapy centres. Internal quality control on our TLD system is made during each audit by means of reference capsules irradiated by IAEA; external controls consist in blind tests performed by IAEA once a year. The correction factor, K en , determined at our SSDL for high energy X-rays was checked with the collaboration of IAEA and Prague National Radiation Protection Institute (PNRPI) by means of a blind test. Results for 4 MV, 6 MV

Response of TLD-100"T"M microtubes to two RQR3 quality radiation beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nunes, M.G.; Villani, D.; Almeida, S.B.; Vivolo, V.; Yoriyaz, H.; Louis, G.M.J.

2016-01-01

The present work compares the response of TLD-100"T"M microcubes to two RQR 3 diagnostic radiology reference quality radiation beams, defined by IEC-61267 norm, aiming to evaluate the detectability of TLD-100"T"M energy dependence reported in literature within the same reference quality radiation range. TLD-100"T"M microcubes reproducibility is assessed through the response of a second set of TLD-100"T"M microcubes, evaluated in a second thermoluminescence reader, to the RQR 3 diagnostic radiology reference quality radiation beam implemented at the Laboratorio de Calibracao de Instrumentos of IPEN, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. The dependence of TLD-100"T"M microcubes TL response was not detectable in these conditions and the reproducibility of the measurements is 90,2%. (author)

Relatório de estágio em auditoria financeira

OpenAIRE

Novo, Diana Cristina Ribeiro

2012-01-01

Mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças (parceria com a APNOR) na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo O presente relatório integra a fase final do mestrado em Contabilidade e Finanças, na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo. Este relatório procura reproduzir, de forma sucinta, a realização de um estágio curricular como junior de auditoria, na empresa Ernst & Young, uma das quatro grandes ...

Neutron dose measurements of Varian and Elekta linacs by TLD600 and TLD700 dosimeters and comparison with MCNP calculations.

Science.gov (United States)

Nedaie, Hassan Ali; Darestani, Hoda; Banaee, Nooshin; Shagholi, Negin; Mohammadi, Kheirollah; Shahvar, Arjang; Bayat, Esmaeel

2014-01-01

High-energy linacs produce secondary particles such as neutrons (photoneutron production). The neutrons have the important role during treatment with high energy photons in terms of protection and dose escalation. In this work, neutron dose equivalents of 18 MV Varian and Elekta accelerators are measured by thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) 600 and TLD700 detectors and compared with the Monte Carlo calculations. For neutron and photon dose discrimination, first TLDs were calibrated separately by gamma and neutron doses. Gamma calibration was carried out in two procedures; by standard 60Co source and by 18 MV linac photon beam. For neutron calibration by (241)Am-Be source, irradiations were performed in several different time intervals. The Varian and Elekta linac heads and the phantom were simulated by the MCNPX code (v. 2.5). Neutron dose equivalent was calculated in the central axis, on the phantom surface and depths of 1, 2, 3.3, 4, 5, and 6 cm. The maximum photoneutron dose equivalents which calculated by the MCNPX code were 7.06 and 2.37 mSv.Gy(-1) for Varian and Elekta accelerators, respectively, in comparison with 50 and 44 mSv.Gy(-1) achieved by TLDs. All the results showed more photoneutron production in Varian accelerator compared to Elekta. According to the results, it seems that TLD600 and TLD700 pairs are not suitable dosimeters for neutron dosimetry inside the linac field due to high photon flux, while MCNPX code is an appropriate alternative for studying photoneutron production.

Assessment of dose using TLD during activity handling at RPhL, BRIT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choughule, Nitin V.; Bairwa, S.M.; Murali, S.; Rakesh, R.B.; Madhumita, B.; Adtani, M.M.; Mehra, Kiran; Padmanabhan, D.; Borkute, S.D.; Pal, N.; Sachdev, S.S.

2012-01-01

Radiopharmaceutical Lab (RPhL), BRIT undertakes production, supply of radiopharmaceuticals. At RPhL short lived isotopes 131 I, 99 Mo, 99m Tc, 125 I, 153 Sm, 32 P and 51 Cr, are handled with total activity handled per week ranging from MBq to TBq (mCiCi). Radiological survey provides idea on radiation level helps to ensure safe working condition. In order to improve the working condition and to estimate the integrated dose over a period of week with uniform pattern of activity handling in the period, a study was carried out using TLD badges. Specifically prepared TLD badges containing CaSO 4 :Dy phosphor were placed at various locations at RPhL It is used for personnel monitoring. One set of TLD was exposed for a week long period while the other set was exposed only during activity handling, kept in the lead pot during the rest of the period. Dose measured by TLDs were compared with the dose estimated using the survey data for the respective locations as well as with the dose estimated using the activity handled by taking into account the time, distance and shielding. The maximum radiation level recorded during lab survey was used to estimate the TLD exposure during the period. It was observed that results on TLD dose measurement and estimated doses using survey results were of same order. The cumulative TLD dose recorded for week duration (168 h) was significantly higher than doses recorded by exposed TLD only during activity handling (8 h). It was expected that the TLD dose would not be more than dose estimated using radiation survey data, while in 3 among 8 experimental TLDs, the dose was ∼ 25% higher. This could be due to the movement of active material or open handling of activity do not get reflected during normal radiation survey and contribution from background radiation at the lab where those TLDs were placed. The individual dose of all the personnel working in different labs were well within the relevant dose limits indicating the safe working condition

Operating experience of an automated TLD dispensing system at CORAL facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ajoy, K.C.; Dhanasekaran, A.; Arun, R.; Yuvaraj, N.; Karthikeyan, D.; Dheeraj, R.; Akila, R.; Santhanam, R.; Rajagopal, V.; Kumar, Amudhu Ramesh

2016-01-01

Monitoring of exposures to occupational workers on individual basis is a regulatory requirement to demonstrate compliance that the dose to the workers is well within the dose limit. Over three decades for monitoring of external exposures, CaSO 4 based Thermo luminescence dosimeters (TLDs), which exhibit the required accuracy, reliability and ruggedness have been employed. TLD cards with unique identification number are loaded in plastic cassettes along with photographs are placed in wooden racks at the entry of the controlled area of the plant. However, there is always a chance that a TLD may be misplaced, used by others or there could be a deliberate act of misuse or abuse. To circumvent this it was decided to install an automated TLD dispensing system with individual TLD tracking as well as locking arrangement. CORAL reprocessing facility at IGCAR was the first to install one such system at Kalpakkam and the operating experience of the system for the last two years is brought out in this paper

Investigation of LiF, Mg and Ti (TLD-100 Reproducibility

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sadeghi M.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available LiF, Mg and Ti cubical TLD chips (known as TLD-100 are widely used for dosimetry purposes. The repeatability of TL dosimetry is investigated by exposing them to doses of (81, 162 and 40.5 mGy with 662keV photons of Cs-137. A group of 40 cubical TLD chips was randomly selected from a batch and the values of Element Correction Coefficient (ECC were obtained 4 times by irradiating them to doses of 81 mGy (two times, 162mGy and 40.5mGy. Results of this study indicate that the average reproducibility of ECC calculation for 40 TLDs is 1.5%, while these values for all chips do not exceed 5%.

IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit service and high precision measurements for radiotherapy level dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izewska, J.; Bera, P.; Vatnitsky, S.

2002-01-01

Since 1969 the International Atomic Energy Agency, together with the World Health Organization, has performed postal TLD audits to verify calibration of radiotherapy beams in developing countries. The TLD programme also monitors activities of Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs). The programme has checked approximately 4000 clinical beams in over 1100 hospitals, and in many instances significant errors have been detected in the beam calibration. Subsequent follow-up actions help to resolve the discrepancies, thus preventing further mistreatment of patients. The audits for SSDLs check the implementation of the dosimetry protocol in order to assure proper dissemination of dosimetry standards to the end-users. The TLD audit results for SSDLs show good consistency in the basic dosimetry worldwide. New TLD procedures and equipment have recently been introduced by the IAEA that include a modified TLD calibration methodology and computerised tools for automation of dose calculation from TLD readings. (author)

Custos dos Serviços de Não-auditoria (SNA das Maiores Empresas Brasileiras = Non-audit service (SNA fees in the biggest brazilian companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Aguiar da Rosa

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os custos dos Serviços de Não-Auditoria – SNA das maiores empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BM&FBOVESPA. Para a consecução deste trabalho foram utilizadas as informações divulgadas no Formulário de Referência – FR e no Relatório de Administração – RA, relativas ao ano de 2010, das 100 maiores empresas classificadas por valor de mercado, apresentadas na Revista Exame. Para identificar os elementos que caracterizam os grupos de empresas com diferentes custos de SNA evidenciados utilizou-se a análise de variância, avaliando-se a partir das variáveis ativo total, patrimônio líquido, resultado líquido e custos dos serviços de auditoria externa - SAE. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que os SNA mais utilizados pelas empresas são os de auditoria de impostos (31%. Por outro lado, os serviços de auditoria SOX detêm um custo expressivo, representando 16% do total de SNA, mas possuem uma baixa incidência, que pode ser justificada por uma preocupação recente com a governança corporativa. Uma preocupação com a evidenciação dos SNA pode surgir, pois 50% dos custos evidenciados pelas empresas compõem o grupo “outros serviços” e não são explicitados os tipos de serviços que fazem parte desse grupo. Além disso, foram encontradas incoerências de informações evidenciadas no FR e RA em 35% das empresas. Quanto às relações da variabilidade dos custos dos SNA, este estudo traz evidências de que os maiores custos dos SNA evidenciados pelas empresas da amostra estão naquelas em que os custos de SAE são maiores. The aim of this paper is to characterize the costs of Non-Audit Services - SNA of the largest companies listed at BM&FBOVESPA. To achieve this study, the Reference Form - FR and Management Report - RA were used to find information about SNAdisclosed in 2010 by the top 100 companies ranked by market value, which were listed at Exame magazine. To

A importância da auditoria interna para uma gestão eficiente e eficaz em instituições hospitalares do setor público

OpenAIRE

Duarte, Mariana da Silva

2017-01-01

Versão final (Esta versão contém as críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri) Na evolução das organizações as instituições hospitalares estão sujeitas a várias pressões, quer internas quer externas, pelo que são cada vez mais necessárias as atividades de auditoria interna de suporte à gestão que permitam atingir os seus objetivos. Uma vez que o serviço hospitalar se insere num ”mundo” complexo e de enorme dificuldade no que se refere à aquisição de um serviço de excelência...

Ionizing radiation source detection by personal TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marinkovic, O.; Mirkov, Z.

2002-01-01

The Laboratory for personal dosimetry has about 3000 workers under control. The most of them work in medicine. Some institutions, as big health centers, have different ionizing radiation sources. It is usefull to analyze what has been the source of irradiation, special when appears a dosimeter with high dose. Personal dosimetry equipment is Harshaw TLD Reader Model 6600 and dosimeters consist of two chips LiF TLD-100 assembled in bar-coded cards which are wearing in holders with one tissue-equivalent filter (to determine H(10)) and skin-equivalent the other (to determine H(0.07)). The calibration dosimeters have been irradiated in holders by different sources: x-ray (for 80keV and 100keV), 6 0C o, 9 0S r (for different distances from beta source) and foton beem (at radiotherapy accelerator by 6MeV, 10MeV and 18MeV). The dose ratio for two LiF cristals was calculated and represented with graphs. So, it is possible to calculate the ratio H(10)/H(0.07) for a personal TLD and analyze what has been the source of irradiation. Also, there is the calibration for determination the time of irradiation, according to glow curve deconvolution

NRC TLD Direct Radiation Monitoring Network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struckmeyer, R.; McNamara, N.

1991-12-01

This report provides the status and results of the NRC Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. It presents the radiation levels measured in the vicinity of NRC licensed facilities throughout the country for the third quarter of 1991

NRE70/9: Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2013-01-01

Resoluci??n del Rectorado de la Universidad de Granada por la que se aprueba el Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el ejercicio 2013.

Data processing of personnel exposure in TLD and film systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lerner, A.; Liav, N.; Eisen, Y.

1979-01-01

The program for the processing and storage of data on the personnel irradiation exposure in Israel is built on the data base of the Weizmann Institute of Science; it is a general program suitable for both TLD and film dosimetry. The TSO system helped bring up-to-date the data of the various collections in an interactive way. The introduction of the TLD dosemeters in the badge service required certain changes in the thinking line - this because the TLD being a personal dosemeter is returned into service after having been deciphered. This demands following up the dosemeter when the worker moves from unit to unit or after he had finished his work. The program takes into account the internal exposures,too and conforms to the new recommendation published in ICRP-26. (B.G.)

Propuesta de un modelo de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional para la empresa Renteco S.A.

OpenAIRE

Clavijo Estrada, Jorge

2013-01-01

Se realizó en la empresa Renteco S.A,, un análisis y cuantificación de los Requisitos Técnicos Legales aplicables a la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, a través del Sistema de Auditorias de Riesgos del Trabajo SART, se procedió a verificar el cumplimiento cada uno de los requisitos, para luego proponer un modelo de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo para Renteco S.A.

A method to minimise the fading effects of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600 and TLD-700) using a pre-heat technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, YoungJu; Won, Yuho; Kang, Kidoo

2015-04-01

Passive integrating dosemeters [thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)] are the only legally permitted individual dosemeters for occupational external radiation exposure monitoring in Korea. Also its maximum issuing cycle does not exceed 3 months, and the Korean regulations require personal dosemeters for official assessment of external radiation exposure to be issued by an approved or rather an accredited dosimetry service according to ISO/IEC 17025. KHNP (Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power, LTD), a unique operating company of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Korea, currently has a plan to extend a TLD issuing cycle from 1 to 3 months under the authors' fading error criteria, ±10%. The authors have performed a feasibility study that minimises post-irradiation fading effects within their maximum reading cycle employing pre-heating technique. They repeatedly performed irradiation/reading a bare TLD chip to determine optimum pre-heating conditions by analysing each glow curve. The optimum reading conditions within the maximum reading cycle of 3 months were decided: a pre-heating temperature of 165°C, a pre-heating time of 9 s, a heating rate of 25°C s(-1), a reading temperature of 300°C and an acquisition time of 10 s. The fading result of TLD-600 and TLD-700 carried by newly developed time temperature profile (TTP) showed a much smaller fading effect than that of current TTP. The result showed that the fading error due to a developed TTP resulted in a ∼5% signal loss, whereas a current TTP caused a ∼15% loss. The authors also carried out a legal performance test on newly developed TTP to confirm its possibility as an official dosemeter. The legal performance tests that applied the developed TTP satisfied the criteria for all the test categories. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The characteristics of CaF2:Tm crystals (TLD-300) irradiated by electromagnetic radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ben-Shachar, B.; Yona, S.; Laichter, Y.; German, U.; Weiser, G.

1985-09-01

The main characteristics of the CaF 2 :Tm crystals (TLD-300), as a dosimeter, were measured: the glow curve, sensitivity, linearity, fading and energy dependence for photons, and compared to those of LiF (TLD-100) and CaF 2 :Dy (TLD-200). It was found that CaF 2 :Tm can be used for environmental dosimetry by reading the crystals after four days. (Author)

ATRIBUTOS E PAPÉIS DOS COMITÊS DE AUDITORIA NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DAS BOAS PRÁTICAS DE GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA EM INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS BRASILEIRAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Bernardes

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, segundo as perspectivas dos Chief Financial Officer (CFO, Relações com Investidores (RI e Auditoria Interna (AI, a importância dos comitês de auditoria na implementação das melhores práticas de Governança Corporativa (GC em instituições financeiras brasileiras com ações ou títulos negociados no mercado de capitais norte-americano. Este texto, de caráter qualitativo, se fundamentou na teoria denominada Nova Economia Institucional, e utilizou como instrumento de pesquisa entrevistas realizadas com seis dirigentes, detentores das funções acima especificadas em duas instituições financeiras brasileiras de grande porte. Os resultados apurados indicam que as instituições financeiras pesquisadas possuem comitês de auditoria consolidados, que atuam como guardiões das boas práticas de GC

Neutron area monitor with TLD pairs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guzman G, K. A.; Borja H, C. G.; Valero L, C.; Hernandez D, V. M.; Vega C, H. R.

2011-11-01

The response of a passive neutron area monitor with pairs of thermoluminescent dosimeters has been calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5. The response was calculated for one TLD 600 located at the center of a polyethylene cylinder, as moderator. When neutrons collide with the moderator lose their energy reaching the TLD with thermal energies where the ambient dose equivalent is calculated. The response was calculated for 47 monoenergetic neutron sources ranging from 1E(-9) to 20 MeV. Response was calculated using two irradiation geometries, one with an upper source and another with a lateral source. For both irradiation schemes the response was calculated with the TLDs in two positions, one parallel to the source and another perpendicular to the source. The advantage of this passive neutron monitor area is that can be used in locations with intense, pulsed and mixed radiation fields. (Author)

Centralized TLD service and record keeping in Canada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grogan, D.; Ashmore, J.P.; Bradley, R.P.

1979-01-01

A centralized automated TLD service operated by the Department of National Health and Welfare went into operation in May 1977 to monitor radiation workers throughout Canada. Twenty-thousand employees from a wide range of disciplines are enrolled and the number will be increased to fifty thousand by September l978. A prototype of the system, operational from September 1976 to May 1977 for three-thousand people, has already been described. A description of technical and operational highlights is presented as well as a description of problems experienced during the first full year of operation. Details of costs, conversion logistics, operational performance and technical problems are included. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of changing from film dosimetry to TLD in a nationwide context is detailed. The dose meter read-out unit is interfaced, through video terminals, with a time-sharing computer system programmed to provide direct access to the Canadian National Dose Registry. Details of this linkage are described, as are the computer programmes for routine processing of raw batch data. The centralized TLD service interactively linked with the National Dose Registry provides a comprehensive occupational monitoring programme invaluable for regulatory control. (author)

NRC TLD Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. Progress report, January-June 1981

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1982-04-01

This report provides the status and results of the NRC Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. It presents the radiation levels measured in the vicinity of 55 NRC-licensed facility sites throughout the country for the first half of 1981. The program objectives, scope, and methodology are given. The TLD system, dosimeter location, data processing scheme, and quality assurance program are outlined

Procedimiento para la discriminación y mapeo de los rodales de nerdo en cultivos de girasol mediante teledetección

OpenAIRE

López Granados, Francisca; García Torres, Luis; Peña Barragán, José Manuel; Jurado-Expósito, Montserrat

2006-01-01

Procedimiento para la discriminación y mapeo de los rodales de nerdo en cultivos de girasol mediante teledetección. Procedimiento para mapear zonas infestadas de la mala hierba conocida como nerdo (Ridolfia segetum Moris) en plantaciones de girasol mediante teledetección. Tiene aplicación en Agricultura, y más concretamente en Empresas de Asistencia Técnica Agraria o Medioambiental, o en Auditorias Agroambientales Públicas o Privadas. Principalmente consiste en el anál...

SU-E-I-09: Application of LiF:Mg,Cu (TLD-100H) Dosimeters for in Diagnostic Radiology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sina, S [Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Zeinali, B; Karimipourfard, M; Lotfalizadeh, F; Sadeghi, M [Nuclear Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faghihi, R [Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Nuclear Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-06-01

Purpose: Accurate dosimetery is very essential in diagnostic radiology. The goal of this study is to verify the application of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD100H) in obtaining the Entrance skin dose (ESD) of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology. The results of dosimetry performed by TLD-100H, were compared with those obtained by TLD100, which is a common dosimeter in diagnostic radiology. Methods: In this study the ESD values were measured using two types of Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100, and TLD-100H) for 16 patients undergoing diagnostic radiology (lumbar spine imaging). The ESD values were also obtained by putting the two types of TLDs at the surface of Rando phantom for different imaging techniques and different views (AP, and lateral). The TLD chips were annealed with a standard procedure, and the ECC values for each TLD was obtained by exposing the chips to equal amount of radiation. Each time three TLD chips were covered by thin dark plastic covers, and were put at the surface of the phantom or the patient. The average reading of the three chips was used for obtaining the dose. Results: The results show a close agreement between the dose measuered by the two dosimeters.According to the results of this study, the TLD-100H dosimeters have higher sensitivities (i.e.signal(nc)/dose) than TLD-100.The ESD values varied between 2.71 mGy and 26.29 mGy with the average of 11.89 mGy for TLD-100, and between 2.55 mGy and 27.41 mGy with the average of 12.32 mGy for measurements. Conclusion: The TLD-100H dosimeters are suggested as effective dosimeters for dosimetry in low dose fields because of their higher sensitivities.

SU-E-I-09: Application of LiF:Mg,Cu (TLD-100H) Dosimeters for in Diagnostic Radiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sina, S; Zeinali, B; Karimipourfard, M; Lotfalizadeh, F; Sadeghi, M; Faghihi, R

2014-01-01

Purpose: Accurate dosimetery is very essential in diagnostic radiology. The goal of this study is to verify the application of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD100H) in obtaining the Entrance skin dose (ESD) of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology. The results of dosimetry performed by TLD-100H, were compared with those obtained by TLD100, which is a common dosimeter in diagnostic radiology. Methods: In this study the ESD values were measured using two types of Thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100, and TLD-100H) for 16 patients undergoing diagnostic radiology (lumbar spine imaging). The ESD values were also obtained by putting the two types of TLDs at the surface of Rando phantom for different imaging techniques and different views (AP, and lateral). The TLD chips were annealed with a standard procedure, and the ECC values for each TLD was obtained by exposing the chips to equal amount of radiation. Each time three TLD chips were covered by thin dark plastic covers, and were put at the surface of the phantom or the patient. The average reading of the three chips was used for obtaining the dose. Results: The results show a close agreement between the dose measuered by the two dosimeters.According to the results of this study, the TLD-100H dosimeters have higher sensitivities (i.e.signal(nc)/dose) than TLD-100.The ESD values varied between 2.71 mGy and 26.29 mGy with the average of 11.89 mGy for TLD-100, and between 2.55 mGy and 27.41 mGy with the average of 12.32 mGy for measurements. Conclusion: The TLD-100H dosimeters are suggested as effective dosimeters for dosimetry in low dose fields because of their higher sensitivities

Personnel dose equivalent monitoring at SLAC using lithium-fluoride TLD's [thermoluminescent dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jenkins, T.M.; Busick, D.D.

1987-03-01

TLD's replaced film badges in the early 1970's for all dose equivalent monitoring, both neutron and photon, and for all locations at SLAC. The photon TLD's, composed of Li-7 loaded teflon discs, are calibrated using conventional gamma-ray sources; i.e., Co-60, Cs-137, etc. For these TLD's a nominal value of 1 nC/mrem is used, and is independent of source energy for 100 keV to 3 MeV. Since measured dose equivalents at SLAC are only a small fraction of the allowable levels, it was not deemed necessary to develop neutron dosimeters which would measure dose equivalent accurately for all possible neutron spectra. Today, wallet TLD's, composed of pairs of Li-7 and Li-6 discs, are used, with the Li-6 measuring only thermal neutrons; i.e., they aren't moderated in any way to make them sensitive to neutrons with energies greater than thermal. The assumption is made that there is a correlation between thermal neutron fluences and fast neutron fluences around the research area where almost all neutron doses (exclusive of sealed sources) are received. The calibration factor for these Li-6 TLD's is 1 nC/mrem of fast neutrons. The method of determining the validity of this calibration is the subject of this note. 4 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab

Evaluation of TLD dose response compared to MCNP-5 simulation of diagnostic X ray equipment - radiation diagnostic image

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanchez G, R.; Cavalieri, T. A.; De Paiva, F.; Dalledone S, P. de T.; Yoriyaz, H.; Rodrigues F, M. A.; Vivolo, V.

2014-08-01

The thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) is used as a radiation dosimeter and can be used as environmental and staff personnel monitoring. The TLD measures ionizing radiation exposure by a process in which the amount of radiation collected by the dosimeter is converted in visible light when the crystal is heated. The amount of emitted light is proportional to the radiation exposure, and then the response of the TLD must be the related to the real dose. In this work it was used twenty four TLD 700 in order to obtain eight values of doses from a diagnostic X-ray equipment. The TLD-700 is a LiF TLD enriched with 7 Li isotope. One way to compare and study the response of TLD is by Monte Carlo method, which has been used as a computational tool to solve problems stochastically. This method can be applied to any geometry, even those where the boundary conditions are unknown, making the method particularly useful to solve problems a priori. In this work it was modeled the X-ray tube exactly as the one used to irradiate the TLD, after the simulation and the TLD irradiation the results of dose value from both were compared. (Author)

Evaluation of TLD dose response compared to MCNP-5 simulation of diagnostic X ray equipment - radiation diagnostic image

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez G, R.; Cavalieri, T. A.; De Paiva, F.; Dalledone S, P. de T.; Yoriyaz, H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Centro de Engenharia Nuclear / CNEN, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Rodrigues F, M. A. [Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, Av. Prof. Montenegro s/n, Rubiao Junior, 18601-970 Botucatu (Brazil); Vivolo, V., E-mail: chancez@hotmail.com [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Gerencia de Metrologia das Radiacoes / CNEN, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitaria, 05508-000 Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2014-08-15

The thermo luminescent dosimeter (TLD) is used as a radiation dosimeter and can be used as environmental and staff personnel monitoring. The TLD measures ionizing radiation exposure by a process in which the amount of radiation collected by the dosimeter is converted in visible light when the crystal is heated. The amount of emitted light is proportional to the radiation exposure, and then the response of the TLD must be the related to the real dose. In this work it was used twenty four TLD 700 in order to obtain eight values of doses from a diagnostic X-ray equipment. The TLD-700 is a LiF TLD enriched with {sup 7}Li isotope. One way to compare and study the response of TLD is by Monte Carlo method, which has been used as a computational tool to solve problems stochastically. This method can be applied to any geometry, even those where the boundary conditions are unknown, making the method particularly useful to solve problems a priori. In this work it was modeled the X-ray tube exactly as the one used to irradiate the TLD, after the simulation and the TLD irradiation the results of dose value from both were compared. (Author)

Periodicity of TLD badge personnel monitoring service in India

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kher, R.K.; Joshi, V.D.; Kaushik, Aruna; Sharma, Amiy; Chatterjee, S.

2003-01-01

The periodicity of an individual monitoring service is an important aspect. Presently minimum period for TLD badge service is maintained as 'calendar month' and choice of quarterly service is also offered. The periodicity of the TLD service for a given category/application type of institution, is to be fixed taking into account level of average occupational doses in all or typical institutions of given category and other information indicating the status of safety and possible fluctuations of exposure levels and potential for overexposure cases. This paper presents the status on the periodicity of TLD Badge Service as is evolved and adopted for the four broad categories i.e. DAE (Nuclear Fuel Cycle) Institutions, Industrial, Medical, Research institutions. It is concluded that quarterly service is a convenient option for institution categories where type of work/workload, and work practices are such that occupational exposures could be normally kept below about one mSv or so in the monitoring period, average annual dose less than 1 mSv and persons receiving annual dose >10 mSv is less than 1% of total in the category. Also, the judicious use of the flexibility in the periodicity of TLD Badge service would help (i) to keep the monitoring related workload to the optimum for the monitoring units and (ii) to keep the expenses incurred by the institution towards monitoring to the minimum without sacrificing radiation safety (iii) to focus the extra monitoring efforts on the applications/situations requiring improvement in radiation safety. (author)

Direct measurement of annual β dose using TLD on porcelain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leung, P.L.; Stokes, M.J.; Xia Junding; Wang Weida; Zhou Zhixin

1999-01-01

In order to improve accuracy of TL authentication test for porcelain, a method of direct measurement of annual β dose using ultrathin TLD (CaSO 4 :Tm) on porcelain was studied. Since the TLD was placed into a hole left after sampling for the TL measurement, the method will not cause any new damage to the studied object. The results show that the technique is suitable for measuring annual β dose and improving accuracy of TL authentication test for both porcelain and pottery

Comitê de Auditoria: adequação às regras da SOX, Bacen, Susep e IBGC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Schreiber de Abreu Siigor Sorrentino

2016-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar qual o nível de adequação dos comitês de auditoria das empresas dos níveis diferenciados da BM&FBOVESPA às regras da SOX, Bacen, Susep e IBGC. A adequação foi analisada por meio de um check-list , construído com base nas principais normas e recomendações às quais as empresas brasileiras estão sujeitas. A análise pautou- se nas seguintes características: composição, qualificação, mandato, quantidade de reuniões, atribuições e obrigações. A pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva, predominantemente quantitativa e documental. Compreendeu 58 empresas e abrangeu 1.508 verificações que possibilitavam identificar o nível de adequação médio de 50% (13 de 26 questões, com a máxima de 88% (23 questões e a mínima de 4% (1 questão. Os resultados apontaram que as instituições financeiras e as instituições de previdência e de seguros formam o grupo que está mais adequado às regras no que tange ao comitê de auditoria, enquanto as empresas submetidas à SOX e as demais apresentaram os índices mais baixos da amostra. Além disso, não se encontrou relação entre os níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa e o índice de adequação dos comitês, ou seja, possuir classificação no novo mercado não garante uma boa adequação às normas referentes ao comitê de auditoria.

AUDITORIA INTERNA: EMBASAMENTO CONCEITUAL E SUPORTE TECNOLÓGICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Goreth Miranda Almeida Paula

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O contexto competitivo mundial tem impulsionado as entidades a se enquadrarem em um universo de evolução tecnológica, onde o tempo e a qualidade no atendimento as demandas e na obtenção de informações são fundamentais. O crescimento das comunicações e dos negócios em âmbito internacional tornou o mundo mais dinâmico e mutável. A concorrência acirrada trouxe maior complexidade às transações, e as operações passaram a trazer maior incerteza. Competência, tecnologia e criatividade são valores indispensáveis no contexto. As questões aqui discutidas são, principalmente, fruto da inquietação quanto à forma de atuação da Auditoria Interna nesse novo contexto economico-politico-social, conseqüência da globalização.

Developmental roles of the BMP1/TLD metalloproteinases.

Science.gov (United States)

Ge, Gaoxiang; Greenspan, Daniel S

2006-03-01

The astacin family (M12A) of the metzincin subclan MA(M) of metalloproteinases has been detected in developing and mature individuals of species that range from hydra to humans. Functions of this family of metalloproteinase vary from digestive degradation of polypeptides, to biosynthetic processing of extracellular proteins, to activation of growth factors. This review will focus on a small subgroup of the astacin family; the bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1)/Tolloid (TLD)-like metalloproteinases. In vertebrates, the BMP1/TLD-like metalloproteinases play key roles in regulating formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via biosynthetic processing of various precursor proteins into mature functional enzymes, structural proteins, and proteins involved in initiating mineralization of the ECM of hard tissues. Roles in ECM formation include: processing of the C-propeptides of procollagens types I-III, to yield the major fibrous components of vertebrate ECM; proteolytic activation of the enzyme lysyl oxidase, necessary to formation of covalent cross-links in collagen and elastic fibers; processing of NH2-terminal globular domains and C-propeptides of types V and XI procollagen chains to yield monomers that are incorporated into and control the diameters of collagen type I and II fibrils, respectively; processing of precursors for laminin 5 and collagen type VII, both of which are involved in securing epidermis to underlying dermis; and maturation of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. The BMP1/TLD-related metalloproteinases are also capable of activating the vertebrate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like "chalones" growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8, also known as myostatin), and GDF11 (also known as BMP11), involved in negative feedback inhibition of muscle and neural tissue growth, respectively; by freeing them from noncovalent latent complexes with their cleaved prodomains. BMP1/TLD-like proteinases also liberate the vertebrate TGF

Comparison of LiF (TLD-100 and TLD-100H) detectors for extremity monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freire, L. [Departamento de Proteccao Radiologica e Seguranca Nuclear, Instituto Tecnologico e Nuclear, E.N. 10, 2683-953 Sacavem (Portugal); Laboratorio de Medicina Nuclear, Lda, Atomedical, Rua Helena Felix, 11D, 1600-121 Lisboa (Portugal); Calado, A.; Cardoso, J.V.; Santos, L.M. [Departamento de Proteccao Radiologica e Seguranca Nuclear, Instituto Tecnologico e Nuclear, E.N. 10, 2683-953 Sacavem (Portugal); Alves, J.G. [Departamento de Proteccao Radiologica e Seguranca Nuclear, Instituto Tecnologico e Nuclear, E.N. 10, 2683-953 Sacavem (Portugal)], E-mail: jgalves@itn.pt

2008-02-15

In this work the results aimed at assessing the performance of two types of LiF detectors, TLD-100 and TLD-100H, used in the context of extremity dosimetry are presented. Each detector variety was studied for reproducibility, batch homogeneity, residual dose, linearity and energy dependence using, when appropriate, the {sup 90}Sr/{sup 90}Y radiation source built-in one of the Harshaw 6600 readers, the ISO narrow X-ray beams of N30, N40, N60, N80, N100 and N120 or the gamma radiations of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 60}Co. Two calibration energies (N120 and {sup 137}Cs) were also used. The reproducibility and linearity results indicate that both LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P performed equally well. However, LiF:Mg,Cu,P presents a higher residual signal. In terms of energy dependence, LiF:Mg,Cu,P shows less variation than LiF:Mg,Ti particularly when N120 is used as calibration radiation. This seems to be a more realistic setup since the energy of the most frequently used radioisotopes in Nuclear Medicine departments with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) use gamma radiation energies closer to N120 than to {sup 137}Cs.

Traceability of a panoramic gamma irradiator using different TLD systems as transfer instruments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romero, A.M.; Saez, J.C.

1994-01-01

This work shows the calibration in terms of the new operational radiological quantities Hp(10) and H*(10) for different TLD systems (Harshaw TLD-100 and Panasonic UD-802) used in personal and environmental monitoring. The irradiations were performed in the Spanish Reference Laboratory in radiation protection levels, managed by the CIEMAT Metrology of ionizing radiations Unit. With these data, different calibrations of a panoramic gamma irradiator in terms of the radiological quantity for unit of time were established, providing the traceability of the irradiator to the Reference Laboratory using the corresponding TLD systems as transfer instruments. (Author) 9 refs

Traceability of a panoramic gamma irradiator using different TLD systems as transfer Instruments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romero, A. M.; Saez, J. C

1994-01-01

This work shows the calibration in terms of the new operational radiological quantities Hp (10) and H(10) for different TLD systems (Harshaw TLD-100 and Panasonic UD-002) used in personal and environmental monitoring. The irradiations were performed in the Spanish Reference Laboratory in radiation protection levels, managed by the CIEMAT Metrology of ionizing radiations Unit. With those data, different calibrations of a panoramic gamma irradiator in terms of the radiological quantity for unit of time were established, providing the traceability of the irradiator to the Reference Laboratory using the corresponding TLD systems as transfer instruments. (Author) 9 refs

Postal TLD audits in radiotherapy in the Czech Republic: current status, experience and potential

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekendahl, Daniela; Kapucianova, Michaela; Dufek, Vladimir

2014-01-01

The paper deals with practice and performance of postal TLD audits in radiotherapy with emphasis on the possibilities of application of the advanced versions that were developed following up technological progress in radiotherapy. The new methodologies of the TLD audit are focused specifically on up-to-date linear accelerators, equipped with multileaf collimators, and modern treatment planning systems. The dose is checked by the TLD not only for reference conditions but also in conditions of radiation fields influenced by presence of inhomogeneities in the irradiated volume. As regards small radiation fields, the check also includes dose profile verification using gafchromic films. The methodologies were tested within pilot studies performed in collaboration with some Czech radiotherapy centers. The results and experience gave evidence of the usefulness and appropriateness of the new TLD audit methodologies. (orig.)

Environmental dosimetry system based on LiF : Mg, Ti (TLD-100)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saez Vergara, J.C.

1990-01-01

The report presents the various tests carried out to the characterize a thermoluminescence environmental dosimetry systems, using the phosphor LiF:mg,Ti (TLD-100) in chip form. The holder has been specifically designed in order to obtain simplicity in the operation and to assure correct measurements in terms of the new operational quantities in radiation protection (ICRU-1985). Some topics in TLD Environmental Monitoring are discussed (Dark Current, Reference Light, Zero Reading, Free-in-Air or Phantom Calibration, Fading Correction, Transit Dose, etc.), and the proposed solutions are exposed. The tests performed have been designed to conform with the different existing international Standards and Recommendations (ANSI : N545-1975; IEC: Draft 45B-1987, ISO : DP 8034-19849. The data from an European Interlaboratory Programm (EUR-8932) have been used to evaluate the performance : the TLD System presented is among the best systems using TLD-100. The results obtained in the characterization (linearity, repeatability, detection threshold, residue, angular response, stability of stored information, etc.) show the optimum performance of this dosimetric system in its application to environmental gamma dose monitoring. Based on these results, two operational procedures have been developed for the application of this Dosimetric System, specially in Quality Assurance Monitoring Programs around Nuclear Plants in Spain. (author)

AUDITORÍAS INTEGRADAS: SITUACIÓN ACTUAL EN NICARAGUA

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Davis A. Porras Rodríguez

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Las auditorias integradas han emergido con rapidez en las diferentes unidades de auditoría por los beneficios que brinda a las organizaciones. Instituciones que regulan la profesión de auditoria y directivos de diferentes organizaciones comenzaron a recomendar el enfoque integrado en las revisiones para que se evaluara holísticamente los riesgos y controles de los procesos de negocio. A través de una encuesta estructurada se conoció el estado del arte de las auditorias integradas en Nicaragua; Esta encuesta se diseñó bajo la referencia teórica de la Asociación de Auditoría y Control de Sistemas de Información (ISACA, por sus siglas en inglés. Se detectaron varias prácticas que fueron categorizadas bajo un enfoque integral y no integrado, sin embargo, la investigación aportó información para esclarecer ambos términos y así los profesionales de auditoria pueden realizar los ajustes pertinentes en sus procesos internos y mantener el enfoque integrado. Se propuso un nuevo concepto de auditoria integrada, de tal manera que sirva como referencia para lograr el enfoque integrado.

Deviations outside the acceptance limits in the IAEA/WHO TLD audits for radiotherapy hospitals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vatnitsky, S.; Izewska, J.

2002-01-01

The main purpose of the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme for dosimetry in radiotherapy is to provide an independent verification of the dose delivered by treatment machines in radiotherapy hospitals. The results of the TLD audit are considered acceptable if the relative deviation between the participant's stated dose and the TLD determined dose is within ±5%. The goal of this note is to draw the attention of participants of the TLD programme to some of the common reasons for deviations outside the acceptance limits. Armed with this knowledge, other participants may avoid similar problems in the future. The analysis of deviations presented here is based on the results of TLD audits of the calibration of approximately 1000 Co-60 beams and 600 high-energy X-ray beams performed in the period 1996-2001. A total of 259 deviations outside the ±5% limits have been detected, including 204 deviations for Co-60 beams (20% of all Co-60 beams checked) and 55 for high-energy X-ray beams (10% of all X-ray beams checked). It is worth mentioning that the percentage of large deviations (beyond 10%) is also higher for Co-60 beams than for high-energy X-ray beams. Some problems may be caused by obsolete dosimetry equipment or poor treatment machine conditions. Other problems may be due to insufficient training of staff working in radiotherapy. The clinical relevance of severe TLD deviations detected in the audit programme was confirmed in many cases, but, fortunately, not all-poor dosimetric results reflect deficiencies in the calibration of clinical beams or machine faults. Sometime it happens, that the TLDs are irradiated with an incorrect dose due to misunderstanding of the instructions on how to perform the TLD irradiation. Such dosimetry errors would have no direct impact on actual dose delivered to a patient

ATRIBUTOS E PAPÃIS DOS COMITÃS DE AUDITORIA NA IMPLEMENTAÃÃO DAS BOAS PRÃTICAS DE GOVERNANÃA CORPORATIVA EM INSTITUIÃÃES FINANCEIRAS BRASILEIRAS

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Patrícia Bernardes

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar, segundo as perspectivas dos Chief Financial Officer (CFO, Relações com Investidores (RI e Auditoria Interna (AI, a importância dos comitês de auditoria na implementação das melhores práticas de Governança Corporativa (GC em instituições financeiras brasileiras com ações ou títulos negociados no mercado de capitais norte-americano. Este texto, de caráter qualitativo, se fundamentou na teoria denominada Nova Economia Institucional, e utilizou como instrumento de pesquisa entrevistas realizadas com seis dirigentes, detentores das funções acima especificadas em duas instituições financeiras brasileiras de grande porte. Os resultados apurados indicam que as instituições financeiras pesquisadas possuem comitês de auditoria consolidados, que atuam como guardiões das boas práticas de GC

Electronic stability and reproducible accuracy of HARSHAW 2000(A,B) TLD-analyzer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yossef, S.K.; Henaish, B.A.

1985-01-01

Nowadays, the thermoluminescence techniques utilizing natural materials and assorted chemical compound of various geometrical configurations are widely and popularly used on the international scale as a dose evaluation system. The main problems which are usually encounting the accuracy of the evaluated dose by means of such various dosimeter forms are the long and short term stability of the measuring system. Also this manuscript is a very essential details stated out the principle mechanisms which cause that produced TL-readers instability. As it is stated out through the different sections of this issue, it is mainly due to the interior mechanisms of the TLD measuring systems. Further more, the various detailed discussions availed through the different sections of such issue are mainly accompanied by long term experiences gained by the authors. A novel heating cycle mechanism applied to HARSHOW 2000(A and b) TLD analyzer is tested experimentally. Also long and short term stability beside the reproducibility of the TLD reader system were experimentally tested under various seasonable environmental thermal conditions. The results of experimental measurements were noted for a total duration of six months during continuous operation of the TLD reader for one year. 1 fig., 3 tab

Personal neutron monitoring using TLD albedo combined with etched tracks detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsujimura, N.; Momose, T. [Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, Ibarakiken (Japan)

2002-07-01

The albedo dosimetry has been carried out in personal neutron monitoring in the MOX fuel plant of JNC Tokai Works, however, it has shortcomings mainly due to the inherently poor energy response. This paper describes our efforts to overcome these difficulties in practical use of albedo dosemeters. The following four subjects are presented: (1) the neutron energy response functions of albedo TLD obtained from the mono-energetic neutron irradiation experiments and the Monte-Carlo calculations, (2) the location- dependent correction factors calculated from the response functions and neutron energy spectra measured in the workplaces, (3) the results of the international personal neutron dosimetry intercomparison program, and (4) the operational comparison program of TLD albedo and etched tracks detector worn by workers engaged in the fabrication process of the MOX fuel plant. Finally, the characteristics of the combination neutron dosemeter using TLD albedo and solid state etched track detector are summarized.

Auditoría informática de la seguridad de la red física y lógica para el departamento de gestión informática y sistemas de la dirección provincial de salud de Pichincha (DPSP)

OpenAIRE

Buñay Calle, Sonia Elizabeth; Guanotuña Lascano, Emilly Jeanett

2010-01-01

La presente Auditoria Informática, esta propuesta a la seguridad de la red física y lógica del Proceso de Gestión Informática de la Dirección Provincial de Salud de Pichincha. Para el correspondiente análisis, se realizó un minucioso estudio del estado actual del Proceso, enfocándonos en las tres áreas mas importantes como son: área de hardware, área de software y área de comunicaciones, los cuales fueron examinados por medio de hallazgos de auditoria y formularios de visitas, ...

Calibration of TLD cards to beta ray spectra of 32P

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ben-Shachar, B.; German, U.; Naim, E.

1994-01-01

The results of the evaluation of TLD chips are received in nC, and we need to transform these values to mGy, in order to obtain the penetrating and the non-penetrating dose. The calibration factors were determined experimentally by irradiation the TLD chips with an uranium source. Beta rays having other spectra can cause incorrect values when estimating the non-penetrating dose. If the spectrum of the beta source is known, a specific evaluation of the calibration factor can be performed. In this report, the estimation of the calibration factor for a 32 P source is presented. LiF:Ti,Mg TLD cards were irradiated calibrated source of 90 Sr/ 90 Y and 204 Tl and non-calibrated source of 32 P, in order to find the beta correction factor for the spectrum of 32 P. Calculations of the beta correction factor were performed too, by applying the Loevinger equations to the geometry of the TLD chips used in our routine measurements. The calculated values of the beta correction factors are lower than the experimental ones. When comparing the ratios, between the beta factors of 32 P and 90 Sr/ 90 Y received from the experiments and from the calculation, we found them to be constant up to ±5%. (authors) 15 refs, 2 figs, 6 tabs

Determination of the TLD-100 physical parameters; Determinacion de parametros fisicos del TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paucar J, J.; Picon C, C. [Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas. INEN. Av. Angamos Este 2520, Lima 34 (Peru)

1998-12-31

This study was realized in the Physics service at the Radiotherapy Department of the National Institute of Neoplasic Diseases in Lima, Peru, it was determined the activation energy, the kinetic order and the frequency factor of the fifth peak of the TLD-100 thermoluminescent spectra using different algorithms. This was carried out in parallel with the implementation and design of a software and an interface associated with the Tl lecturer which allows a semiautomatic control for a thermoluminescent lecturer process. (Author)

Evaluation of mixed energy neutron doses using TLD NG-67 type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akhadi, Mukhlis; Thoyib Thamrin, M; Usmiyati Dewi, K.

2000-01-01

A research has been carried out to develop dose evaluation method of mixed neutron source with its neutron doses can be classified to two groups, I.e neutron doses with energy ≥ 0.5 eV and thermal neutron doses with energy less than 0.5 e V consist of epithermal and fast neutron, but in this research they were classified as fast neutron. Development of this dose evaluation method was carried out by sensitivity (S) intercomparison of TLD-600 to fast neutron, mixed energy neutron of nuclear rectors, and thermal neutron. From the experiment it was obtained that the value of Sfast : Sreactor : Sthermal = 0.005 : 0.010 : 1. Calibration factor (CF) of TLD is defined as 1/S. from the sensitivity data it can be obtained that the value of Cffast : Cfreactor : Cfthermal = 200 :100 : 1. The value of Cfreactor can be applied for mixed energy neutron doses evaluation of TLD-600. Key word : dosemeter, neutron dose, calibration factor, fast neutron, thermal neutron, nuclear reactor

Unusual ratio of TL readouts of different discs of personnel monitoring TLD badge based on CaSO4: Dy teflon disc

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, S.M.; Ande, C.D.; Kher, R.K.; Chourasiya, G.; Vashishtha, R.; Gupta, A.K.

2005-01-01

In India Personnel Monitoring against external radiation hazard of gamma, beta and X-rays is provided using a TLD badge based on CaSO 4 : Dy Teflon TLD disc. Unusual ratios of TL readouts of different discs of TLD badge (Disc Ratios) observed for service TLD badges of radiation workers were investigated and simulated. Simulations were carried out by exposure of TLD badges by speck type radioactive sources placed in contact of badges, exposure of TLD badges placed on concrete floor to a radiography source. Clues for the simulation were obtained from nature of work, radiological conditions during course of individuals' work whose TLD badges showed the unusual disc ratios and geometrical calculations performed. It is concluded that although the actual exposure condition during use is unknown, the unusual disk ratios observed for the service TLD badges can be simulated and utilized to arrive at probable exposure conditions. The study helped in investigations of the abnormal exposures and assigning doses to the concerned radiation workers. (author)

Experience of TLD personnel monitoring laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jakhete, Prashant

2002-01-01

Full text: Renentech Laboratories is the first Private Enterprise in India to have been chosen to provide Personnel radiation monitoring services to radiation workers at different parts of the country. Since 1992 the Company has been manufacturing TLD phosphor powder of requisite quality and from 1995 commenced the production of TLD cards for radiation monitoring. After getting the necessary approval from the competent authorities in the country, the company undertook a rigorous quality assurance programme and received the accreditation in 1999 to carry out the personnel monitoring of radiation. Since then the trained staff of the Company is covering 1200 institutions in 16 states where radiation is being used. This translates to processing of 60,000 Till cards annually, the maximum limit permitted by BARC. Processing of exposure data is done strictly according well-laid guidelines. Any cases of overexposure are immediately referred to Calibration and Dose Record Section of BARC to meet the regulatory requirements. Necessary procedural guidelines are followed to handle such cases. In this lecture, learning, operation and implementation experience of a typical Private Company in a task, which, hitherto had been regarded as exclusive responsibility of state owned institution, is enumerated

NRC TLD Direct Radiation Monitoring Network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struckmeyer, R.; McNamara, N.

1992-06-01

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network is operated by the NRC in cooperation with participating states to provide continuous measurement of the ambient radiation levels around licensed NRC facilities, primarily power reactors. Ambient radiation levels result from naturally occurring radionuclides present in the soil, cosmic radiation constantly bombarding the earth from outer space, and the contribution, if any, from the monitored facilities and other man-made sources. The Network is intended to measure radiation levels during routine facility operations and to establish background radiation levels used to assess the radiological impact of an unusual condition, such as an accident. This report presents the radiation levels measured around all facilities in the Network for the first quarter of 1992. All radiation measurements are made using small, passive detectors called thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), which provide a quantitative measurement of the radiation levels in the area in which they are placed. Each site is monitored by arranging approximately 40 to 50 TLD stations in two concentric rings extending to about five miles from the facility. All TLD stations are outside the site boundary of the facility

Auditoria de prontuário: avaliação dos registros de aspiração traqueal em terapia intensiva

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Juliana Faria Campos

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Estudo descritivo, exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, cujo objetivo foi avaliar o registro da aspiração traqueal em Terapia Intensiva realizado pela equipe multiprofissional utilizando-se dos referenciais da auditoria. Para avaliação dos registros foi utilizada análise documental. Foram analisados 21 prontuários. Amostra composta por 37 registros da equipe intensivista. A pesquisa deu-se entre janeiro a maio de 2006, em uma instituição pública do Rio de Janeiro. Dados coletados utilizando-se instrumento do tipo check list. Os registros foram avaliados utilizando-se como parâmetro um barema. Observou-se que 89,6% da equipe de enfermagem e 100% da fisioterapia registram de modo incompleto o procedimento. Foi verificada a falta do registro em 10,4% dos prontuários analisados da equipe de enfermagem e em 100% da medicina. Conclui-se que o registro da aspiração traqueal encontra-se falho, sendo imprescindível que medidas de educação continuada e sensibilização dos profissionais sejam adotadas.

Comparative study on skin dose measurement using MOSFET and TLD for pediatric patients with acute lymphatic leukemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Mohammed, Huda I; Mahyoub, Fareed H; Moftah, Belal A

2010-07-01

The object of this study was to compare the difference of skin dose measured in patients with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) treated with total body irradiation (TBI) using metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (mobile MOSFET dose verification system (TN-RD-70-W) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100 chips, Harshaw/ Bicron, OH, USA). Because TLD has been the most-commonly used technique in the skin dose measurement of TBI, the aim of the present study is to prove the benefit of using the mobile MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) dosimeter, for entrance dose measurements during the total body irradiation (TBI) over thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). The measurements involved 10 pediatric patients ages between 3 and 14 years. Thermoluminescent dosimeters and MOSFET dosimetry were performed at 9 different anatomic sites on each patient. The present results show there is a variation between skin dose measured with MOSFET and TLD in all patients, and for every anatomic site selected, there is no significant difference in the dose delivered using MOSFET as compared to the prescribed dose. However, there is a significant difference for every anatomic site using TLD compared with either the prescribed dose or MOSFET. The results indicate that the dosimeter measurements using the MOSFET gave precise measurements of prescribed dose. However, TLD measurement showed significant increased skin dose of cGy as compared to either prescribed dose or MOSFET group. MOSFET dosimeters provide superior dose accuracy for skin dose measurement in TBI as compared with TLD.

Indoor gamma radiation monitoring In Rawalpindi, Pakistan using TLD100

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azam, Sana; Tufail, Muhammad; Sohail, Muhammad

2008-01-01

Full text: Natural radioactivity originates from extraterrestrial sources as well as from radioactive elements in earth's crust. The amount of radioactivity varies from place to place and with altitude. The aim of this study was to observe the indoor radiation level in Rawalpindi using TLD. For this purpose LiF:Mg:Ti (TLD100) chips were used. Chips were annealed and then calibrated using different sources and the calibration factor obtained by using Cs137 source was selected for dose estimation. Its value was 0.1403 μGy/TL response. Rawalpindi categorized into six regions. In each region, 5 cemented houses were selected and TLD 100 chips were placed at a distance of 0.5 m from ground the level. Chips were properly covered to protect them from ultraviolet light and moisture and were placed for three months. The average annual indoor dose rate for Rawalpindi was estimated to be 392.105μGy/yr and average dose to be 97.65μGy. Therefore, the effective dose for population of Rawalpindi from indoor gamma radiation was estimated to be 313.68μSv/yr using an indoor occupancy factor of 80%. (author)

Os impactos na atividade de auditoria independente com a introdução da lei Sarbanes-Oxley The impacts of Sarbanes-Oxley on independent auditing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriano Gomes da Silva

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Sucessivos escândalos de manipulação de demonstrações financeiras das companhias abertas nos Estados Unidos da América, nos anos recentes, motivaram suas autoridades reguladoras a promulgar a Lei Sarbanes-Oxley (Sox. Essa estabeleceu um conjunto severo de regras às principais figuras envolvidas no mundo corporativo, abarcando administradores, auditores, advogados e analistas de mercado. Aos auditores independentes foram destinadas regras específicas que introduziram novidades como a criação de órgão fiscalizador da profissão (PCAOB, novas regras de independência e renovadas normas de auditoria (auditing standards. A pesquisa cobriu o objetivo principal de analisar os impactos (variáveis dependentes percebidos pelos auditores independentes com a introdução da lei estadunidense (variável independente, utilizando como ferramenta a aplicação de um questionário. A metodologia de pesquisa combina revisão bibliográfica do tema e levantamento da percepção dos impactos da Sox pelos auditores independentes. Para os pesquisados, a Sox aumentou a fiscalização sobre a profissão; agregou maior credibilidade às demonstrações financeiras, ao trabalho de auditores e contadores e contribuiu para o aumento dos honorários de auditoria.Successive scandals of manipulation of open corporations' financial statements in the United States, in recent years, motivated their regulatory authorities to enact the Sarbanes-Oxley Act ("Sox". This established a strict set of rules for the primary figures involved in the corporate world, including managers, auditors, lawyers and market analysts. Specific rules that introduced innovations, such as the creation of a supervisory body (PCAOB, new independence rules and renewed auditing standards were designed for independent auditors. The research covered the main goal of analyzing the impacts (dependent variables independent auditors perceived after the introduction of the American law (independent

TLD Intercomparison in accelerators for radiotherapy in three Latin american countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Azorin N, J.; Perez, M.A.; Picon, C.; Castellanos, E.; Plazas, M.C.; Murcia, G.; Archundia, L.

1998-01-01

In Radiotherapy one of the objectives is to establish and to give follow up to quality assurance programs which make sure that the doses administered to the patients with cancer are a high probability of a success in external radiation. Likewise, one of the present preoccupations of the United Nations Agencies as well as the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Pan-American Health Organization is the optimal employment of the radiations in the treatment of cancer patients since the administered dose in Radiotherapy suffers considerable variations by the lack of quality assurance programs. The use of Electron linear accelerators requires a program of quality assurance that includes expert personnel, equipment and adequate facilities. The more used methodology for the dosimetry calibration and characterization of X-ray beams and high energy electrons for radiotherapy use is using a ionization chamber dosemeter calibrated in a regional secondary standardization laboratory. However, to establish and give follow up to the quality assurance programs it is necessary the dosimetric intercomparison through TLD. In this study it was designed plastic phantoms with TLD crystals and it was made its characterization to realize an absorbed dose analysis in the crystals exposed at X-ray beams 6 MV and high energy electrons 10 and 12 MeV to standardize the dosimetric procedures and proceeding to realize an International Pilot intercomparison of absorbed doses in TLD crystals in three Latin American countries: Mexico, Peru and Colombia with the participation of accelerators of five different institutions. The found results show that the majority of the measured doses with TLD in the different accelerators were in the 0.95-1.05 range though it had two cases outside of this range. The use of the phantoms with TLD crystals shows that they are of excellent aid to make analysis of the doses administered to the patients and an intercomparison of results to standardize procedures at

Auditoria de avaliação dos serviços de saúde no processo de credenciamento Evaluation auditing of the quality of health care in accreditation of health facilities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chennyfer da Rosa Paino Paim

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo mostra quantas operadoras de planos de saúde, na região metropolitana de São Paulo, fazem auditoria de avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de saúde, quais os requisitos avaliados e qual profissional e critérios para a realização da auditoria. Conforme legislação, a operadora é corresponsável pela assistência oferecida aos seus usuários e a Agência Nacional de Saúde controla os serviços credenciados; sendo assim, a auditoria de avaliação dos serviços vem sendo implementada. Realizada pesquisa por meio de formulário eletrônico, encaminhado a todas as operadoras de saúde da região metropolitana de São Paulo. A amostra constituiu-se de 125 operadoras; 29 afirmaram ter processo de monitoramento e avaliação e, dessas, 26 fazem a visita de avaliação; vinte dispõem de formulário/roteiro de inspeção; dos requisitos, todas avaliam estrutura física e administrativa, 22 funcional; dos profissionais que auditam: 21 enfermeiros; treze administrativos; quatro administradores e dois são médicos; dos critérios de credenciamento, destacaram-se análise da região (96%, localização (88,88% e preço (36%. Concluímos que essa auditoria é nova e está sendo implementada nas operadoras, não sendo um processo sistematizado.This article shows how many health insurance companies operating in the Greater São Paulo have been performing auditing of the quality of their health care services, professionals, and which criteria are being employed to do so. Because of the legislation decreeing that health insurance companies have legal co-responsibility for the health care services and National Health Agency control the health services National Health Agency, auditing evaluations have been implemented since then. The survey was based on electronic forms e-mailed to all health insurance companies operating in the Greater São Paulo. The sample consisted of 125 health insurance companies; 29 confirmed that had monitoring and

NRE81/10: Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la oficina de control interno durante el ejercicio 2014

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2014-01-01

Resoluci??n del Rectorado de la Universidad de Granada por la que se aprueba la programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la oficina de control interno durante el ejercicio 2014.

The study of new calibration features in the Harshaw TLD system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo, L.Z.

2005-01-01

Full text: In the Harshaw TLD system, there are three key calibration procedures; the reader, the dosimeter and the algorithm. These procedures must be properly calibrated for the system to achieve the optimum results. For the conventional reader and dosimeter calibration, Harshaw recommends a pre-fade and a post-fade of 24 - 48 hours when calibrating the system. Harshaw also emphasizes that keeping the fade time consistent is important to maintain the quality of the system performance. In recent years, new calibration features have been introduced into the operating system. These new features are auto calibration, auto QC and auto blank, and they give the user the ability to set up the clear-expose-read performed automatically in a sequence for each dosimeter. This saves processing time and keeps the fade time the same. However, since the fade time is near zero, will it affect the TLD system calibration factors? What should the user expect? This paper presents a study of the effect of auto calibration / auto QC to the TLD operation. (author)

Environmental monitoring with TLD in Costa Rica

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mora, P.; Mora, E.

2003-01-01

Using thermoluminescent dosimeters (Harshaw TLD-200) the first set of costarican data on absorbed doses in air from natural radiation is obtained. During the period from September 1996 to october 2000 eight different sites throughout the country were chosen to instal the TLD stations. Each station had eight cards (five were changed every three months and three changed annually). The dosimeters were read in the Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory using a 4000 Harshaw reader and with the help a mathematical algorithm and the equipment calibration factors the dose rate in air (nGy h -1 ) was calculated. The national average is 108.9 ± 32.4 nGy h -1 , the lowest values (in nGy h -1 ) were obtain at sea level at Quebrada Honda with 53 ± 11 and the highest values (in nGy h -1 ) at Cartago with 160 ± 19. A slight increase with altitude is observed even though the Cartago station was always the highest. The values found agree with reported worldwide values for environmental doses in air. (Author) [es

Improvements of RGD3 TLD reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Jianxing; Wang Jiaqi; Li Yuanfang; Wu Furong; Xiao Wuyun

1999-01-01

The author summarized the main features of the improved RGD3 TLD reader. Through a large number of experiments some persuasive data are obtained, which show that an remarkable improvement has been achieved, especially in its stability to the standard illuminates, data dispersivity, and effectiveness to glow curves analysis. Working with the newly developed data processing software, the comprehensive performance of the whole system will be enhanced greatly

Skin dose measurements using MOSFET and TLD for head and neck patients treated with tomotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinhikar, Rajesh A.; Murthy, Vedang; Goel, Vineeta; Tambe, Chandrashekar M.; Dhote, Dipak S.; Deshpande, Deepak D.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this work was to estimate skin dose for the patients treated with tomotherapy using metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). In vivo measurements were performed for two head and neck patients treated with tomotherapy and compared to TLD measurements. The measurements were subsequently carried out for five days to estimate the inter-fraction deviations in MOSFET measurements. The variation between skin dose measured with MOSFET and TLD for first patient was 2.2%. Similarly, the variation of 2.3% was observed between skin dose measured with MOSFET and TLD for second patient. The tomotherapy treatment planning system overestimated the skin dose as much as by 10-12% when compared to both MOSFET and TLD. However, the MOSFET measured patient skin doses also had good reproducibility, with inter-fraction deviations ranging from 1% to 1.4%. MOSFETs may be used as a viable dosimeter for measuring skin dose in areas where the treatment planning system may not be accurate.

Skin dose measurements using MOSFET and TLD for head and neck patients treated with tomotherapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kinhikar, Rajesh A; Murthy, Vedang; Goel, Vineeta; Tambe, Chandrashekar M; Dhote, Dipak S; Deshpande, Deepak D

2009-09-01

The purpose of this work was to estimate skin dose for the patients treated with tomotherapy using metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). In vivo measurements were performed for two head and neck patients treated with tomotherapy and compared to TLD measurements. The measurements were subsequently carried out for five days to estimate the inter-fraction deviations in MOSFET measurements. The variation between skin dose measured with MOSFET and TLD for first patient was 2.2%. Similarly, the variation of 2.3% was observed between skin dose measured with MOSFET and TLD for second patient. The tomotherapy treatment planning system overestimated the skin dose as much as by 10-12% when compared to both MOSFET and TLD. However, the MOSFET measured patient skin doses also had good reproducibility, with inter-fraction deviations ranging from 1% to 1.4%. MOSFETs may be used as a viable dosimeter for measuring skin dose in areas where the treatment planning system may not be accurate.

Reasons for deviations outside the acceptance limits in the IAEA/WHO TLD audits for radiotherapy hospitals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vatnitsky, Stanislav; Izewska, Joanna

2002-01-01

The main purpose of the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose audit programme for dosimetry in radiotherapy [1] is to provide an independent verification of the dose delivered by treatment machines in radiotherapy hospitals. The results of the TLD audit are considered acceptable if the relative deviation between the participant's stated dose and the TLD determined dose is within ±5%. The goal of this note is to draw the attention of participants of the TLD programme to some of the common reasons for deviations outside the acceptance limits. Armed with this knowledge, other participants may avoid similar problems in the future. The analysis of deviations presented here is based on the results of TLD audits of the calibration of approximately 1000 Co-60 beams and 600 high-energy X-ray beams performed in the period 1996-2001. A total of 259 deviations outside the ±5% limits have been detected, including 204 deviations for Co-60 beams (20% of all Co-60 beams checked) and 55 for high-energy X-ray beams (10% of all X-ray beams checked). It is worth mentioning that the percentage of large deviations (beyond 10%) is also higher for Co-60 beams than for highenergy X-ray beams. Some problems may be caused by obsolete dosimetry equipment or poor treatment machine conditions. Other problems may be due to insufficient training of staff working in radiotherapy. The clinical relevance of severe TLD deviations detected in the audit programme was confirmed in many cases, but, fortunately, not all-poor dosimetric results reflect deficiencies in the calibration of clinical beams or machine faults. Sometime it happens, that the TLDs are irradiated with an incorrect dose due to misunderstanding of the instructions on how to perform the TLD irradiation. Such dosimetry errors would have no direct impact on actual dose delivered to a patient

Auditoria interna de sistema de gestão ambiental: estudo de caso no Verdegreen Hotel

OpenAIRE

Adriano Lucena da Silva; Isaiane Vieira de Melo; Diego Rodrigues de Lucena

2017-01-01

Esta pesquisa analisa as contribuições e os desafios associados às auditorias internas no Verdegreen Hotel, empreendimento hoteleiro de grande destaque na cidade de João Pessoa-PB, selecionado como unidade de estudo por dispor de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) ISO 14001 implantado e certificado. Este estudo trata de uma pesquisa descritiva, baseada em um estudo de caso qualitativo. As técnicas utilizadas na metodologia foram: levantamento bibliográfico sobre as normas ISO que abordam as...

Objective and Subjective Evaluation of Reflecting and Diffusing Surfaces in Auditoria

Science.gov (United States)

Cox, Trevor John

Available from UMI in association with The British Library. Requires signed TDF. The performance of reflectors and diffusers used in auditoria have been evaluated both objectively and subjectively. Two accurate systems have been developed to measure the scattering from surfaces via the cross correlation function. These have been used to measure the scattering from plane panels, curved panels and quadratic residue diffusers (QRDs). The scattering measurements have been used to test theoretical prediction methods based on the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral equation. Accurate prediction methods were found for all surfaces tested. The limitations of the more approximate methods have been defined. The assumptions behind Schroeder's design of the QRD have been tested and the local reacting admittance assumption found to be valid over a wide frequency range. It was found that the QRD only produces uniform scattering at low frequencies. For an on-axis source the scattering from a curved panel was as good as from a QRD. For an oblique source the QRD produced much more uniform scattering than the curved panel. The subjective measurements evaluated the smallest perceivable change in the early sound field, the part most influenced by reflectors and diffusers. A natural sounding simulation of a concert hall field within an anechoic chamber was used. Standard objective parameters were reasonable values when compared to values found in real halls and subjective preference measurements. A difference limen was measured for early lateral energy fraction (.048 +/-.005); inter aural cross correlation (.075 +/-.008); clarity index (.67 +/-.13 dB); and centre time (8.6 +/- 1.6 ms). It was found that: (i) when changes are made to diffusers and reflectors, changes in spatial impression will usually be larger than those in clarity; and (ii) acousticians can gain most by paying attention to lateral sound in auditoria. It was also found that: (i) diffuse reflections in the early sound field

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in TLD Measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhuiyan, S.I.; Qronfla, M.M.; Abulfaraj, W.H.; Kinsara, A.A.; Taha, T.M.; Molla, N.I.; Elmohr, S.M.

2008-01-01

TLD technique characterized by high precision and reproducibility of dose measurement is presented by addressing pre-readout annealing, group sorting, dose evaluation, blind tests, internal dose quality audit and external quality control audits. Two hundred and forty TLD chips were annealed for 1 hour at 4000 degree C followed by 2 h at 1000 degree C. After exposure of 1 mGy from 90 Sr irradiator TLDs were subjected to pre-readout annealing at 1000 degree C, then readout, sorted into groups each with nearly equal sensitivity. Upon repeating the procedures, TLDs having response >3.5% from group mean were dropped to assuring group stability. Effect of pre-readout annealing has been studied. Series of repeated measurements were conducted to stabilize calibration procedures and DCF generation using SSDL level 137 Cs calibrator, dose master, ionization chambers. Performed internal dose quality audits, blind tests and validated by external QC tests with King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology

Implementação de práticas assistenciais para prevenção e reparo do trauma perineal no parto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Cleison Silva dos Santos

2017-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivos Implementar práticas assistenciais para prevenção e reparo do trauma perineal no parto normal. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental, realizado no Hospital da Mulher Mãe-Luzia, Macapá, AP. Realizaram-se 74 entrevistas com enfermeiros e médicos e 70 com puérperas, e analisaram-se dados de prontuários (n=555. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa se deu em três fases: pré-auditoria e auditoria de base (fase 1; intervenção educativa e implementação de boas práticas assistenciais (fase 2; auditoria pós-implementação (fase 3; a análise foi pela comparação das fases 1 e 3. Resultados Após a intervenção educativa, menos profissionais incentivavam puxos dirigidos, realizavam episiotomia e suturavam lacerações de primeiro grau; mais mulheres informaram que o parto foi em posição litotômica; mais registros nos prontuários indicaram o uso de Vicryl® na sutura da mucosa e pele. Conclusões A intervenção educativa melhorou os cuidados e os desfechos perineais, porém há lacunas na implementação das evidências e inadequações no manejo do cuidado perineal.

Auditoria médica: avaliação de alguns procedimentos inseridos no programa de atenção integral à saúde da mulher no posto de saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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Juvenal Soares Dias da Costa

Full Text Available Este estudo, mediante auditoria médica, avalia a qualidade da atenção médica no Posto de Saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Por meio do levantamento de dados registrados nos prontuários de família em 1992, 1993 e 1994, foram coletadas informações referentes às atividades do Programa de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PAISM, como, por exemplo, a idade da paciente, número de consultas médicas e não médicas, aferição de pressão arterial, se as mamas haviam sido examinadas, cobertura do exame citopatológico e uso de método contraceptivo. Verificou-se que, em média, as mulheres consultam-se neste serviço 3,5 a quatro vezes por ano. Destas, 53% encontram-se na faixa etária entre vinte e 39 anos de idade. Quanto à cobertura de exame citopatológico, encontrou-se registro de 42,5% procedimentos realizados nos últimos três anos. Entre as mulheres que tiveram suas mamas examinadas, 19,4% foram registradas. A aferição da tensão arterial foi o procedimento estudado que atingiu a cobertura mais elevada nesta auditoria. Acredita-se que o cuidado ao paciente também depende da qualidade do registro; portanto, a baixa qualidade dos registros médicos encontrados servirá para fomentar discussões com a equipe, a fim de contribuir para um melhor atendimento médico, beneficiando os pacientes.

Rodízio de firmas de auditoria: a experiência brasileira e as conclusões do mercado Rotation of audit firms: the brazilian experience and the market's conclusions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Queiroz de Oliveira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O rodízio de firmas de auditoria foi introduzido no Brasil por ocasião dos escândalos corporativos de instituições financeiras na emissão das demonstrações contábeis e adotado pela CVM - Comissão de Valores Mobiliários às empresas registradas na Bolsa de Valores do Brasil. Tendo como objetivo a preservação da independência do auditor e a diminuição dos erros contábeis e fraudes relacionados ao processo de auditoria das demonstrações contábeis, o rodízio de firmas é um assunto polêmico, pois afeta a relação comercial e profissional dos auditores com seus clientes bem como toda a estrutura de mercado das firmas de auditoria. O artigo foi desenvolvido com base na evolução histórica do conceito de rodízio de firmas de auditoria, na avaliação das pesquisas realizadas sobre o assunto em outros países e nas estruturas filosóficas que determinam os princípios éticos que são atrelados à Contabilidade e à Auditoria. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo sobre os aspectos inerentes do rodízio de firmas de auditoria. Essa pesquisa coletou a opinião de 127 profissionais do mercado financeiro, sendo 84 executivos de empresas que trabalham ou influenciam na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis e 43 auditores independentes que atuam diretamente no processo de auditagem das contas contábeis. A principal conclusão obtida foi a confirmação de que o rodízio de firmas de auditoria não tem capacidade de assegurar a independência do auditor no seu trabalho e não diminui os riscos de erros contábeis e de fraudes na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis.The rotation of audit firms was introduced in Brazil as a result of the corporate scandals involving financial institutions in the issue of their financial statements, and adopted by the CVM - Brazilian Securities Commission for publicly traded companies in Brazil. Aiming to preserve the independence of the auditor and to reduce frauds and

Comparison of neutron dose measured by Albedo TLD and etched tracks detector at PNC plutonium fuel facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsujimura, N.; Momose, T.; Shinohara, K.; Ishiguro, H.

1996-01-01

Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC) has fabricated Plutonium and Uranium Mixed OXide (MOX) fuel for FBR MONJU at Tokai works. In this site, PNC/Panasonic albedo TLDs/1/ are used for personnel neutron monitoring. And a part of workers wore Etched Tracks Detector (ETD) combined with TLD in order to check the accuracy of the neutron dose estimated by albedo TLD. In this paper, the neutron dose measured by TLD and ETD in the routine monitoring is compared at PNC plutonium fuel facilities. (author)

La Ley de Auditoria Española, su Significación y Bases para una Posible Reforma

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Alejandro Larriba Díaz-Zorita

1999-12-01

Full Text Available La Ley de Auditoria lleva vigente algo más de una década y numerosas voces reclaman su modifica, por lo que este trabajo aborda las posibles orientaciones que podrían contemplarse en la reforma de algunos de los puntos más controvertidos de la ley actual. Se revisan así los problemas derivados del procedimiento de acceso a la profesión y del régimen transitorio inicial que dispuso la ley, el grado de intervencionismo y su posible reducción, el carácter de profesión de la actividad auditora, el papel de las corporaciones de auditores, la problemática de la formación continuada de los profesionales, los controvertidos temas de la responsabilidad, la independencia prestación de otros servicios paralelos a las empresas auditadas, y el contexto internacional en que desarrollarse la ley y sus consecuencias de cara a la libre circulación de auditores en la Unión Europea.The Spanish Auditory Law is ten years old now and there is now a generalised call for its reform & paper therefore puts forward some possible trends with in this reform, especially in the more controversial sections of the present law. Topics analyzed are the procedure to enter in the auditor career, specially in the transitory way observed by the law, the intervencionisme of the public authorities versus the regulation, the profesional character of the auditor's activity, the role of the auditor's associations problems of permanent training, the highlights themes of responsability, independence and the treatement of other relationships between auditors and companies: consultant and legal services and its implications and the influence in the new law of the international environment, mainly in the free circulation of auditing services in the European Union.

Automated TLD systems: what can we expect from the market today?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duftschmid, K.E.; Strachotinsky, Ch.

1990-01-01

The personnel monitoring service at the Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf, which presently handles some 16,000 dosemeters per month, has been operating for more than ten years with three automated TLD systems, Harshaw model 2271. In order to renew the instrumentation an extensive evaluation and comparison of four commercially available automated systems designed to the present state-of-the-art has been carried out. The test procedures included dosimetric performance, reliability, handling speed and throughput, and additional information such as glow curve evaluation etc. The results should provide useful advice to monitoring services interested in the application of modern automated TLD systems currently on the market. (author)

Microcomputer control of automated TLD reader

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bjarland, Bert.

1979-10-01

The interfacing electronics, the control algorithms and the developed programs of a 6800 microcomputer controlled automated TLD reader are described. The TL reading system is implemented with a photomultiplier tube and a charge-to-pulse converter. The gain of the TL reading system is controlled through the use of a temperature compensated LED reference light source. Automatic compensation of PM tube dark current is optional. The short term stability of TL readings is better than 3 %. (author)

The IAEA/WHO TLD postal dose quality audits for radiotherapy: a perspective of dosimetry practices at hospitals in developing countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izewska, Joanna; Andreo, Pedro; Vatnitsky, Stanislav; Shortt, Ken R.

2003-01-01

Background and purpose: The IAEA/WHO TLD postal programme for external audits of the calibration of high-energy photon beams used in radiotherapy has been in operation since 1969. This work presents a survey of the 1317 TLD audits carried out during 1998-2001. The TLD results are discussed from the perspective of the dosimetry practices in hospitals in developing countries, based on the information provided by the participants in their TLD data sheets. Materials and methods: A detailed analysis of the TLD data sheets is systematically performed at the IAEA. It helps to trace the source of any discrepancy between the TLD measured dose and the user stated dose, and also provides information on equipment, dosimetry procedures and the use of codes of practice in the countries participating in the IAEA/WHO TLD audits. Result: The TLD results are within the 5% acceptance limit for 84% of the participants. The results for accelerator beams are typically better than for Co-60 units. Approximately 75% of participants reported dosimetry data, including details on their procedure for dose determination from ionisation chamber measurements. For the remaining 25% of hospitals, who did not submit these data, the results are poorer than the global TLD results. Most hospitals have Farmer type ionisation chambers calibrated in terms of air kerma by a standards laboratory. Less than 10% of the hospitals use new codes of practice based on standards of absorbed dose to water. Conclusion: Despite the differences in dosimetry equipment, traceability to different standards laboratories and uncertainties arising from the use of various dosimetry codes of practice, the determination of absorbed dose to water for photon beams typically agrees within 2% among hospitals. Correct implementation of any of the dosimetry protocols should ensure that significant errors in dosimetry are avoided

As Instituições Superiores de Auditoria: um estudo do nível de transparência fiscal dos países

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Janilson Antonio da Silva Suzart

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar a existência de relações entre as variáveis: nível de independência e nível de atuação de uma Instituição Superior de Auditoria e o nível de transparência de uma nação, utilizando a técnica de regressão logística binária. A amostra estudada foi composta por dados de 85 países, obtidos da base de dados do Open Budget Initiative 2008. Apenas a variável nível de atuação foi considerada significativa, não sendo possível identificar a existência de relação entre o nível de independência e o nível de transparência fiscal. O modelo resultante da regressão logística binária apresentou probabilidade de correta classificação de 92,9%. Considerando-se as duas categorias do modelo, baixo ou regular e bom nível de transparência a percentagem de correta classificação foi de 94,7% e 50,0%, respectivamente. Estas constatações validaram parcialmente a hipótese de que bom nível de independência e bom nível de atuação de uma instituição Superior de Auditoria estão associados a um bom nível de transparência fiscal, propiciando a afirmação de que nos países em que as Instituições Superiores de Auditoria são atuantes, os gestores se pré-dispõem a utilizar práticas relacionadas com a transparência fiscal.

Características do comitê de auditoria: um estudo nas empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa = Characteristics of audit committee: a study in listed companies at BM&FBOVESPA

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Vanderlei dos Santos

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetivou verificar as características de tamanho, independência e expertise dos comitês de auditoria das empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa nos anos de 2010 a 2013. Dentre as 407 empresas listadas na bolsa de valores, apenas 68 delas possuem comitê de auditoria devidamente formado em algum período analisado. O ano de 2013 apresentava 59 empresas com comitê de auditoria, o maior número encontrado, o que representa apenas 14,50% da população. Os principais resultados mostraram que em relação ao tamanho a maior parte obedece aos preceitos das práticas recomendadas, ou seja, possuem três membros participantes do comitê de auditoria. Contudo, as empresas apresentam práticas heterogêneas nessa característica. Existem tanto aquelas com apenas um ou dois membros como outras que possuem mais de seis membros. Em 2013 existiam 192 membros dos comitês de 59 empresas. Desses, 48 são engenheiros, 45 economistas, 41 administradores, 26 contadores e um auditor. De modo geral, conclui-se que a criação do comitê de auditoria ainda não é uma prática institucionalizada pelas empresas brasileiras e que se manifesta de formas distintas entre as organizações. The study aimed to verify the characteristics of size, independence and expertise of the audit committees of companies listed on the BM&FBovespa in 2010 to 2013. Among the 407 companies listed on the stock exchange, only 68 of them have audit committee trained in some period analyzed. The year 2013 had 59 companies with the audit committee, which is the largest number found, representing only 14.50% of the population. The main results showed that compared to most size complies with the precepts of best practices, have three participating members of the audit committee. However, companies have heterogeneous practices in this feature, existing both those with only one or two members as others that have more than six members. In 2013 there were 192 members of 59 committee�

Optimization of the temperature profiles due to a nitrogen jet impinging on a TLD detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, I.; Bar-Kohany, T.; German, U.; Ziskind, G.

2014-01-01

A study was conducted to simulate the temperature profiles during readout in a typical, commercial thermo-luminescence dosimeter (TLD) chip and to optimize the readout conditions. The study makes use of a previously developed numerical model which calculates the crystal's temperature profile evolution inside a TLD crystal compound. The calculated profiles were implemented in the Randall-Wilkins equation to obtain the estimated glow curve. A number of jet temperature profiles were investigated in order to optimize the readout process. - Highlights: • The temperature profiles in a TLD chip compound were simulated. • Some non-routine heating profiles are proposed. • A better efficiency and shorter time can be obtained with these profiles. • The resulting glow curves were evaluated as well

Environmental auditing as an instrument for the preventon of environmental damage: the water in a heavy company in Vale do Paraíba (Taubaté SP)

OpenAIRE

Acácio de Toledo Netto

2005-01-01

Este trabalho apresenta considerações sobre a auditoria ambiental como instrumento na prevenção de danos ambientais: a água numa indústria de mecânica pesada da região do Vale do Paraíba (Taubaté SP). O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tem avançado para encontrar soluções no que diz respeito à degradação do meio ambiente e vê na prevenção a ótica que orienta todo o Direito Ambiental. A investigação de questões jurídicas ambientais pode contribuir sensivelmente para evitar a perpetuação de ...

Auditoria do método de assistência de enfermagem Auditoria del método de asistencia de enfermería Auditing the nursing care methodology

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Michel Maximiano Faraco

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento de um processo de auditoria do Método de Assistência de Enfermagem em uma unidade de internação de um Hospital Universitário. Identificados os padrões, elaborou-se o instrumento, sob a forma de indicadores, no qual foram examinados, aleatoriamente, cinco prontuários com exame do usuário "in loco". Os dados foram mensurados e classificados numa quanti-qualificação da assistência de Enfermagem. Os resultados encontrados indicam a necessidade de revisão dos Padrões do Método de Assistência de Enfermagem e da retomada imediata do programa de auditoria da assistência de Enfermagem.Este estudio describe el desarrollo de un proceso de auditoría del Método de Asistencia de Enfermería en una unidad de la internación de un Hospital de la Universidad. Identificó los estándares, el instrumento fue elaborado, bajo forma de indicadores, en los cuales había sido examinado, al azar, cinco manuales con la examinación del usuario «in loco». Los datos habían sido agregar y clasificado en una quanti-calificación de la asistencia enfermería. Los resultados unidos indican la necesidad de la revisión de los estándares del método de asistencia enfermería y de vuelto a tomar el inmediato del programa de auditoría de la asistencia de enfermería.This study it describes the development of a process of audit of the Method of Assistance of Nursing in a unit of internment of a University Hospital. Identified the standards, the instrument was elaborated, under the form of indicators, in which had been examined, random, five handbooks with examination of the user "in loco". The data had been to add and classified in a quanti-qualification of the assistance of Nursing. The found results indicate the necessity of revision of the Standards of the Method of Assistance of Nursing and of the immediate retaking of the program of auditor of the assistance of Nursing.

Dosimetric characteristics of a TLD dosemeter with extremities; Caracteristicas dosimetricas de un dosimetro TLD de extremidades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molina P, D.; Diaz B, E.; Lien V, R. [Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones, CPHR, Apdo.Postal 6195, Habana 6, CP 10600, Ciudad Habana (Cuba)

1999-07-01

It was designed a TLD dosemeter for the monitoring of the extremities. This one consists in a metallic ring with a circular orifice where is arranged a T L detector of LiF: Mg,Ti (Model JR1152C) 5 x 5 x 0.8 mm{sup 3} covered by a polyethylene fine layer. In this work were studied the dosimetric properties of the dosemeter for its application in the dosimetry of extremities for photonic radiation. the results obtained allow conclude that the designed dosemeter can be used for the extremities monitoring. (Author)

Aurally-adequate time-frequency analysis for scattered sound in auditoria

Science.gov (United States)

Norris, Molly K.; Xiang, Ning; Kleiner, Mendel

2005-04-01

The goal of this work was to apply an aurally-adequate time-frequency analysis technique to the analysis of sound scattering effects in auditoria. Time-frequency representations were developed as a motivated effort that takes into account binaural hearing, with a specific implementation of interaural cross-correlation process. A model of the human auditory system was implemented in the MATLAB platform based on two previous models [A. Härmä and K. Palomäki, HUTear, Espoo, Finland; and M. A. Akeroyd, A. Binaural Cross-correlogram Toolbox for MATLAB (2001), University of Sussex, Brighton]. These stages include proper frequency selectivity, the conversion of the mechanical motion of the basilar membrane to neural impulses, and binaural hearing effects. The model was then used in the analysis of room impulse responses with varying scattering characteristics. This paper discusses the analysis results using simulated and measured room impulse responses. [Work supported by the Frank H. and Eva B. Buck Foundation.

Effects of Various Architectural Parameters on Six Room Acoustical Measures in Auditoria.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiang, Wei-Hwa

The effects of architectural parameters on six room acoustical measures were investigated by means of correlation analyses, factor analyses and multiple regression analyses based on data taken in twenty halls. Architectural parameters were used to estimate acoustical measures taken at individual locations within each room as well as the averages and standard deviations of all measured values in the rooms. The six acoustical measures were Early Decay Time (EDT10), Clarity Index (C80), Overall Level (G), Bass Ratio based on Early Decay Time (BR(EDT)), Treble Ratio based on Early Decay Time (TR(EDT)), and Early Inter-aural Cross Correlation (IACC80). A comprehensive method of quantifying various architectural characteristics of rooms was developed to define a large number of architectural parameters that were hypothesized to effect the acoustical measurements made in the rooms. This study quantitatively confirmed many of the principles used in the design of concert halls and auditoria. Three groups of room architectural parameters such as the parameters associated with the depth of diffusing surfaces were significantly correlated with the hall standard deviations of most of the acoustical measures. Significant differences of statistical relations among architectural parameters and receiver specific acoustical measures were found between a group of music halls and a group of lecture halls. For example, architectural parameters such as the relative distance from the receiver to the overhead ceiling increased the percentage of the variance of acoustical measures that was explained by Barron's revised theory from approximately 70% to 80% only when data were taken in the group of music halls. This study revealed the major architectural parameters which have strong relations with individual acoustical measures forming the basis for a more quantitative method for advancing the theoretical design of concert halls and other auditoria. The results of this study provide

Development and extension of TLD audit in radiation therapy in the Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valenta, J.; Ekendahl, D.

2005-01-01

A comprehensive and adequate quality assurance (QA) program is a crucial factor in minimizing gross errors and in reducing uncertainties caused during any of consecutive steps of radiation therapy process. Since 1997, the measuring centre of National Radiation Protection Institute in Prague (NRPI) has been performing TLD audit in external beam radiation therapy via mailed TL dosimeters, as a part of comprehensive QA program. The objective of TLD audit is to check dose delivery accuracy at radiation therapy centers and to inform the State Office for Nuclear Safety (SONS) on the situation. The flexibility of the method enables NRPI to inspect each centre at least once every two years. Compared with the EU average, situation in the Czech Republic seems to be similar. 95 % of measurements show deviation up to 5 % (97 % in the EQUAL network). Nevertheless, the acceptance level is stricter (3 %) in the Czech Republic. This is affordable because o(the small size of the country, and better ability to confirm the results promptly , if tolerance levels are exceeded. Still, 84 % of results meet the criteria of 3 %. Both basic and advanced modes of TLD audit may discover deviations in clinical dosimetry or in treatment planning for reference and non reference .conditions, although they do not provide enough data for proper interpretation of errors. The results show the importance of independent TLD audit as a flexible and operational part of the comprehensive quality assurance program. (authors)

Response of TLD-100 LiF dosimeters for X-rays of low energies; Respuesta de dosimetros de TLD-100 de LiF para rayos X de bajas energias

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonzi, E. V.; Mainardi, R. T. [Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Facultad de Matematica, Astronomia y Fisica, Av. Haya de la Torre y Av. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016LEA Cordoba (Argentina)

2011-10-15

In diverse practical applications as the existent in radiological clinics, industrial facilities and research laboratories, the solid state dosimeters are used for the measure of the different types of ionizing radiations. At the present time dosimeters are manufactured with different types of materials that present thermoluminescent properties, to the effects of determining the absorbed radiation dose. Under these conditions, the radiation dose is determined integrated in all the range of energies of the beam of X-rays, since it assumes that the response of these dosimeters is lineal with the energy of the photons or radiant particles. Because interest exists in advancing in the development of a determination method in the way of the X-rays spectrum emitted by a tube of those used in diagnostic or therapy, we have measured the response of TLD-100 LiF dosimeters for low energies, minor at 60 keV, for a several group of these dosimeters. (Author)

Parecer de auditoria das companhias listadas no nível 1 de governança corporativa da BOVESPA: uma análise das ressalvas, ênfases e empresas de auditoria entre os anos de 2004 e 2007 = Auditors’ Report of the Companies Listed on Level 1 of Corporate Governance of BOVESPA: an analysis of reservations, emphases and the audit firms between the years 2004 and 2007

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Alberton

2009-07-01

Full Text Available A segurança nos negócios depende de transparência na divulgação de informações. Diante disso, a auditoria surge como uma importante ferramenta para certificar aos investidores que as demonstrações financeiras publicadas pelas empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo(BOVESPA são fidedignas. A própria BOVESPA acabou por criar nível de Governança Corporativa para segregar as empresas que prestam um maior volume de informações com maior qualidade. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente artigo é investigar as ressalvas e as ênfases emitidas nos pareceres de auditoria independente das empresas do nível 1 de Governança Corporativa. É uma pesquisa documental, suportada por uma pesquisa bibliográfica e com uma abordagem quantitativa. Após analisar um total de 160 pareceres, foi encontrado 1 com ressalva e 159 sem ressalva, 35 pareceres com parágrafos de ênfase, 54 auditados pela Deloitte, 47 pela Pricewaterhousecoopers, 31 pela Kpmg, 14 pela Ernst & Young, 7 pela B do Trevisan, 4 pela Boucinhas e Campos e 3 pela Thornton. Foram ainda encontradas 46 ênfases diferentes nos 35relatórios analisados, sendo, no total, 22 ocasionadas por falta de provisionamento, 13 por continuidade, 7 por contingências, 3 por adoção de Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade, por subavaliação do resultado e 1 por reapresentação de demonstrações contábeis de anos anteriores. Fica então identificada a importância da observação do parecer de auditoria pelos investidores quando da formação de seus portfólios de investimentos.Security in business depends on transparency in disclosing information. Thus, the audit emergesas an important tool to assure investors that the financial statements published by companieslisted on the Bolsa de Valores de Sao Paulo (BOVESPA are reliable. The Bovespa created theirown level of Corporate Governance to segregate those companies that’s provide a greater volumeof information with higher quality

Os desafios do controle interno governamental diante da reforma do estado: o caso do programa de modernização do controle interno do estado da Paraíba (Promocin

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Eudes Moacir Toscano Jr

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo desenvolver um estudo comparativo entre as atividades definidas no componenteauditoria e controle interno do Programa de Modernização do Controle Interno do Estado da Paraíba (Promocin - coordenado pela Secretaria do Controle da Despesa Pública (SCDP - e as diretrizes lançadas pelo processode reforma do Estado brasileiro para implantação do paradigma da administração pública gerencial no setor público. Esse paradigma aponta para um modelo de gestão do controle interno a posteriori, mais enfocado na avaliação dos resultados da aplicação dos recursos públicos do que no mero cumprimento das formalidades legaisaplicáveis às despesas públicas. O estudo foi realizado através de levantamentos bibliográficos e documentais acerca do tema, com o intuito de averiguar a consonância entre as atividades contempladas no Promocin e a tendência atual estabelecida pelos ventos da reforma do Estado para o perfil das entidades de auditoria e controle interno da esfera governamental. A pesquisa demonstrou a condição de vanguarda da Secretaria do Controle da Despesa Pública que, através do Promocin, vem procurando estabelecer ações de controle mais efetivas no processo de avaliação dos gastos públicos, possibilitando um considerável salto de qualidade nos serviços de auditoria interna no Poder Executivo estadual.

Audit on dose delivery by using TLD in Radiotherapy Centers in Malaysia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Md Saion Salikin; Taiman Kadni; Husaini Salleh; Asmaliza Hashim; Hasrul Husham Hussain

2004-01-01

The External Audit Group (EAQ) is established and supported by IAEA. Its main objective is to audit the accuracy of dose delivery to patients in radiotherapy centres or hospitals in developing countries in IAEA member states. At MINT the operation of EAG is managed by Medical Physics Group and supported by Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL), MINT. The selected radiotherapy centers are supplied with TLD powder in capsule form, to be irradiated with the required radiation doses, by their physicists. The irradiated TLD is analysed at SSDL. The result of the audit for a few radiotherapy centres in Malaysia, is presented in brief in this paper. (Author)

A microcontroller based readout unit for a smart personnel monitoring TLD badge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaonkar, U.P.; Kulkarni, M.S.; Kannan, S.

1997-01-01

An automated TLD personnel monitoring system is under development to cope up with the requirements of personnel monitoring of rapidly growing number of radiation workers. The core of the system is a smart TLD badge incorporating a memory device and a microcontroller based readout unit for reading the memory contents of the badge. The memory is used to store personnel data including the accumulated dose data. The reader unit has a serial RS 232C interface for connection to a PC for entering/modifying data in the memory. A password protected software has also been developed in C for entering/modifying the data in the single memory. 3 figs

Methods on TLD management be applicable in nuclear power plantsunder the multi-reactor operational mode

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luo Huiyong; Wen Qinghua; Li Ruirong; Yu Enjian

2006-01-01

This paper discusses the methods on management of TLD dosimeters adopted in DNMC and other NPPs, analyzes and evaluates their both defects and advantages. Facing the coming of the multi-reactor operational mode applied in NPPs, a new method intelligent management mode is put forward, this optimized method not only assures the accuracy of TLD's measurement but also reduces the cost of production and improves the efficiency of management greatly. (authors)

Development of a TLD mailed system for remote dosimetry audit for 192Ir HDR and PDR sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roue, Amelie; Venselaar, Jack L.M.; Ferreira, Ivaldo H.; Bridier, Andre; Dam, Jan van

2007-01-01

Background and purpose: In the framework of an ESTRO ESQUIRE project, the BRAPHYQS Physics Network and the EQUAL-ESTRO laboratory have developed a procedure for checking the absorbed dose to water in the vicinity of HDR or PDR sources using a mailed TLD system. The methodology and the materials used in the procedure are based on the existing EQUAL-ESTRO external radiotherapy dose checks. Materials and methods: A phantom for TLD postal dose assurance service, adapted to accept catheters from different HDR afterloaders, has been developed. The phantom consists of three PMMA tubes supporting catheters placed at 120 degrees around a central TLD holder. A study on the use of LiF powder type DTL 937 (Philitech) has been performed in order to establish the TLD calibration in dose-to-water at a given distance from 192 Ir source, as well as to determine all correction factors to convert the TLD reading into absorbed dose to water. The dosimetric audit is based on the comparison between the dose to water measured with the TL dosimeter and the dose calculated by the clinical TPS. Results of the audits are classified in four different levels depending on the ratio of the measured dose to the stated dose. The total uncertainty budget in the measurement of the absorbed dose to water using TLD near an 192 Ir HDR source, including TLD reading, correction factors and TLD calibration coefficient, is determined as 3.27% (1 s). Results: To validate the procedures, the external audit was first tested among the members of the BRAPHYQS Network. Since November 2004, the test has been made available for use by all European brachytherapy centres. To date, 11 centres have participated in the checks and the results obtained are very encouraging. Nevertheless, one error detected has shown the usefulness of this audit. Conclusion: A method of absorbed dose to water determination in the vicinity of an 192 Ir brachytherapy source was developed for the purpose of a mailed TL dosimetry system. The

Development of a TLD mailed system for remote dosimetry audit for (192)Ir HDR and PDR sources.

Science.gov (United States)

Roué, Amélie; Venselaar, Jack L M; Ferreira, Ivaldo H; Bridier, André; Van Dam, Jan

2007-04-01

In the framework of an ESTRO ESQUIRE project, the BRAPHYQS Physics Network and the EQUAL-ESTRO laboratory have developed a procedure for checking the absorbed dose to water in the vicinity of HDR or PDR sources using a mailed TLD system. The methodology and the materials used in the procedure are based on the existing EQUAL-ESTRO external radiotherapy dose checks. A phantom for TLD postal dose assurance service, adapted to accept catheters from different HDR afterloaders, has been developed. The phantom consists of three PMMA tubes supporting catheters placed at 120 degrees around a central TLD holder. A study on the use of LiF powder type DTL 937 (Philitech) has been performed in order to establish the TLD calibration in dose-to-water at a given distance from (192)Ir source, as well as to determine all correction factors to convert the TLD reading into absorbed dose to water. The dosimetric audit is based on the comparison between the dose to water measured with the TL dosimeter and the dose calculated by the clinical TPS. Results of the audits are classified in four different levels depending on the ratio of the measured dose to the stated dose. The total uncertainty budget in the measurement of the absorbed dose to water using TLD near an (192)Ir HDR source, including TLD reading, correction factors and TLD calibration coefficient, is determined as 3.27% (1s). To validate the procedures, the external audit was first tested among the members of the BRAPHYQS Network. Since November 2004, the test has been made available for use by all European brachytherapy centres. To date, 11 centres have participated in the checks and the results obtained are very encouraging. Nevertheless, one error detected has shown the usefulness of this audit. A method of absorbed dose to water determination in the vicinity of an (192)Ir brachytherapy source was developed for the purpose of a mailed TL dosimetry system. The accuracy of the procedure was determined. This method allows a

Improvement of Accuracy in Environmental Dosimetry by TLD Cards Using Three-dimensional Calibration Method

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HosseiniAliabadi S. J.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Background: The angular dependency of response for TLD cards may cause deviation from its true value on the results of environmental dosimetry, since TLDs may be exposed to radiation at different angles of incidence from the surrounding area. Objective: A 3D setting of TLD cards has been calibrated isotropically in a standard radiation field to evaluate the improvement of the accuracy of measurement for environmental dosimetry. Method: Three personal TLD cards were rectangularly placed in a cylindrical holder, and calibrated using 1D and 3D calibration methods. Then, the dosimeter has been used simultaneously with a reference instrument in a real radiation field measuring the accumulated dose within a time interval. Result: The results show that the accuracy of measurement has been improved by 6.5% using 3D calibration factor in comparison with that of normal 1D calibration method. Conclusion: This system can be utilized in large scale environmental monitoring with a higher accuracy

GESTÃO DO CAPITAL INTELECTUAL: ESTUDO DE CASO EM UMA UNIDADE DE AUDITORIA DO EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO

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Alexandre Fernandes Monteiro

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O capital intelectual (CI é percebido pelo mercado e por estudiosos como um fator decisivo no desempenho das empresas, sobretudo em negócios altamente dependentes do fator humano. Em uma atividade cuja principal fonte de criação de valor é o conhecimento, como a auditoria, um modelo capaz de permitir o controle e gestão de seu CI é ferramenta relevante. Este trabalho buscou verificar como o Exército Brasileiro identifica, mensura e faz a gestão do CI em uma de suas unidades de auditoria interna. A partir de estudo de caso único, apoiado em um protocolo, realizaram-se entrevistas com auditores e gestores militares, complementadas pela percepção dos auditados sobre o trabalho do auditor interno, cujos dados foram consolidados por meio de matriz de análise de conteúdo com vistas a se verificar como é feita a gestão do CI. Verificou-se que os gestores percebem a importância do CI, porém seguem um modelo de gestão superficial, sem uso de indicadores ou ferramentas, baseado na intuição, com baixo potencial de conexão com a estratégia organizacional. Diante desse resultado e com base no CI identificado e na literatura, foi proposto um modelo com vistas a possibilitar a sua mensuração, registro e gestão.

A TLD dose algorithm using artificial neural networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moscovitch, M.; Rotunda, J.E.; Tawil, R.A.; Rathbone, B.A.

1995-01-01

An artificial neural network was designed and used to develop a dose algorithm for a multi-element thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD). The neural network architecture is based on the concept of functional links network (FLN). Neural network is an information processing method inspired by the biological nervous system. A dose algorithm based on neural networks is fundamentally different as compared to conventional algorithms, as it has the capability to learn from its own experience. The neural network algorithm is shown the expected dose values (output) associated with given responses of a multi-element dosimeter (input) many times. The algorithm, being trained that way, eventually is capable to produce its own unique solution to similar (but not exactly the same) dose calculation problems. For personal dosimetry, the output consists of the desired dose components: deep dose, shallow dose and eye dose. The input consists of the TL data obtained from the readout of a multi-element dosimeter. The neural network approach was applied to the Harshaw Type 8825 TLD, and was shown to significantly improve the performance of this dosimeter, well within the U.S. accreditation requirements for personnel dosimeters

Response of TLD-albedo and nuclear track dosimeters exposed to plutonium sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brackenbush, L.W.; Baumgartner, W.V.; Fix, J.J.

1991-12-01

Neutron dosimetry has been extensively studied at Hanford since the mid-1940s. At the present time, Hanford contractors use thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-albedo dosimeters to record the neutron dose equivalent received by workers. The energy dependence of the TLD-albedo dosimeter has been recognized and documented since introduced at Hanford in 1964 and numerous studies have helped assure the accuracy of dosimeters. With the recent change in Hanford's mission, there has been a significant decrease in the handling of plutonium tetrafluoride, and an increase in the handling of plutonium metal and plutonium oxide sources. This study was initiated to document the performance of the current Hanford TLD-albedo dosimeter under the low scatter conditions of the calibration laboratory and under the high scatter conditions in the work place under carefully controlled conditions at the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP). The neutron fields at the PFP facility were measured using a variety of instruments, including a multisphere spectrometer, tissue equivalent proportional counters, and specially calibrated rem meters. Various algorithms were used to evaluate the TLD-albedo dosimeters, and the results are given in this report. Using current algorithms, the dose equivalents evaluated for bare sources and sources with less than 2.5 cm (1 in.) of acrylic plastic shielding in high scatter conditions typical of glove box operations are reasonably accurate. Recently developed CR-39 track etch dosimeters (TEDs) were also exposed in the calibration laboratory and at the PFP. The results indicate that the TED dosimeters are quite accurate for both bare and moderated neutron sources. Until personnel dosimeter is available that incorporates a direct measure of the neutron dose to a person, technical uncertainties in the accuracy of the recorded data will continue

Response of TLD-albedo and nuclear track dosimeters exposed to plutonium sources

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brackenbush, L.W.; Baumgartner, W.V.; Fix, J.J.

1991-12-01

Neutron dosimetry has been extensively studied at Hanford since the mid-1940s. At the present time, Hanford contractors use thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-albedo dosimeters to record the neutron dose equivalent received by workers. The energy dependence of the TLD-albedo dosimeter has been recognized and documented since introduced at Hanford in 1964 and numerous studies have helped assure the accuracy of dosimeters. With the recent change in Hanford`s mission, there has been a significant decrease in the handling of plutonium tetrafluoride, and an increase in the handling of plutonium metal and plutonium oxide sources. This study was initiated to document the performance of the current Hanford TLD-albedo dosimeter under the low scatter conditions of the calibration laboratory and under the high scatter conditions in the work place under carefully controlled conditions at the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP). The neutron fields at the PFP facility were measured using a variety of instruments, including a multisphere spectrometer, tissue equivalent proportional counters, and specially calibrated rem meters. Various algorithms were used to evaluate the TLD-albedo dosimeters, and the results are given in this report. Using current algorithms, the dose equivalents evaluated for bare sources and sources with less than 2.5 cm (1 in.) of acrylic plastic shielding in high scatter conditions typical of glove box operations are reasonably accurate. Recently developed CR-39 track etch dosimeters (TEDs) were also exposed in the calibration laboratory and at the PFP. The results indicate that the TED dosimeters are quite accurate for both bare and moderated neutron sources. Until personnel dosimeter is available that incorporates a direct measure of the neutron dose to a person, technical uncertainties in the accuracy of the recorded data will continue.

Response of TLD-albedo and nuclear track dosimeters exposed to plutonium sources

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brackenbush, L.W.; Baumgartner, W.V.; Fix, J.J.

1991-12-01

Neutron dosimetry has been extensively studied at Hanford since the mid-1940s. At the present time, Hanford contractors use thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-albedo dosimeters to record the neutron dose equivalent received by workers. The energy dependence of the TLD-albedo dosimeter has been recognized and documented since introduced at Hanford in 1964 and numerous studies have helped assure the accuracy of dosimeters. With the recent change in Hanford's mission, there has been a significant decrease in the handling of plutonium tetrafluoride, and an increase in the handling of plutonium metal and plutonium oxide sources. This study was initiated to document the performance of the current Hanford TLD-albedo dosimeter under the low scatter conditions of the calibration laboratory and under the high scatter conditions in the work place under carefully controlled conditions at the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP). The neutron fields at the PFP facility were measured using a variety of instruments, including a multisphere spectrometer, tissue equivalent proportional counters, and specially calibrated rem meters. Various algorithms were used to evaluate the TLD-albedo dosimeters, and the results are given in this report. Using current algorithms, the dose equivalents evaluated for bare sources and sources with less than 2.5 cm (1 in.) of acrylic plastic shielding in high scatter conditions typical of glove box operations are reasonably accurate. Recently developed CR-39 track etch dosimeters (TEDs) were also exposed in the calibration laboratory and at the PFP. The results indicate that the TED dosimeters are quite accurate for both bare and moderated neutron sources. Until personnel dosimeter is available that incorporates a direct measure of the neutron dose to a person, technical uncertainties in the accuracy of the recorded data will continue.

Photon energy response of an aluminum oxide TLD environmental dosimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olsher, R.H.

1992-01-01

Because of aluminum oxide's significant advantage in sensitivity (about a factor of 30) over LiF, minimal fading characteristics and ease of processing, aluminum oxide thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDS) are being phased in at Los alamos for environmental monitoring of photon radiation. The new environmental dosimeter design consists of a polyethylene holder, about 0. 5 cm thick, loaded with a stack of four aluminum oxide TLD chips, each 1 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter. As part of the initial evaluation of the new design, the photon energy response of the dosimeter was calculated over the range from 10 keV to 1 MeV. Specific goals of the analysis included the determination of individual chip response in the stack, assessment of the response variation due to TLD material (i.e., LiF versus A1 2 O 3 ), and the effect of copper filtration in flattening the response

Malaysia Participation in the IAEA/ WHO TLD Postal Dose Quality Audit Service: Data Analysis From 2011-2015

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Norhayati Abdullah; Taiman Kadni

2016-01-01

In this paper, we report the dosimetry methodology used and the results of 22 Malaysian radiotherapy centres participated in the Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Postal Dose Quality Audit Service organised by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in collaboration with World Health Organisation (WHO) from 2011 to 2015. In this audit, a set of three capsules of TLD (encapsulated with Lithium Flouride powder) including a control TLD were sent to the participating centres for irradiation with 2 Gy of absorbed dose to water under reference condition. In this period, a total of 70 photon beams consists of 43 beams and 27 beams produced by 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams, respectively have been audited. The results demonstrated that all participating centres comply with the acceptance limits of ±5 % as recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 24, except eight photon beams from six centres. However, these centres presented better compliance results after followed up with a second round of TLD irradiation. (author)

Aplicações da lei de Newcomb-Benford na auditoria tributária do imposto sobre serviços de qualquer natureza (ISS Applications of the Newcomb-Benford law in the tax audit of the service tax (ISS

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Josenildo dos Santos

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo teve por objetivo verificar se o modelo contabilométrico baseado na Lei de Newcomb-Benford (NB-Lei é aplicável ao trabalho de auditoria tributária do ISS. Para isso, realizou-se a confrontação do resultado do modelo contabilométrico com o obtido pela auditoria contábil-fiscal registrado no relatório Termo Final de Fiscalização lavrado pelo fisco da Prefeitura localizada em uma Cidade do Nordeste. Optou-se por realizar um estudo de caso em uma empresa pertencente ao segmento de publicidade e o período de análise compreende as notas fiscais (NFs emitidas durante os anos de 2002 a 2005. Para o levantamento dos dados, utilizaram-se múltiplas fontes de evidências ao alcance dos objetivos do trabalho, analisando-se o conjunto dos seguintes documentos: a Código Tributário Municipal; b Código Tributário Nacional; c Termos finais de fiscalização; d Declaração de serviços de empresas fiscalizadas; e Relatórios de divergências das empresas fiscalizadas; f Manual de rotinas de fiscalização. No que tange ao tratamento de dados, adotou-se como estratégia a utilização da estatística descritiva (medidas de posição e dispersão e a estatística de inferência (teste de hipótese e significância e análise de correlação. Os resultados oriundos do estudo de caso da empresa de publicidade evidenciaram a aplicabilidade do modelo baseado na Lei de Newcomb-Benford para o processo de auditoria tributária do ISS, pois esse sinalizou os possíveis desvios com a emissão e escrituração das notas fiscais, os quais foram confirmados com os resultados da fiscalização.This paper aimed to check if the quantitative accounting model based on the Newcomb-Benford Law (NB-law is applicable to ISS tax auditing. For this purpose, the result of the quantitative accounting model was confronted with the result of the accounting-fiscal audit registered in the Final Fiscalization report elaborated by the tax authorities of a municipal

Meeting regulatory standards with BeO ceramic TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gammage, R.B.; Christian, D.J.

1978-01-01

Measurements of exposures below 1 mR are possible with BeO ceramic TLD by signal recording that discriminates against an interfering pyroelectric incandescence. Performance under environmental monitoring conditions is considered in light of current regulatory criteria. Factors such as reproducibility and batch uniformity are satisfactory. An anomalous energy dependence causes an over-response that will probably require use of an energy compensation shield

La auditoría operativa de gestión pública y los organismos de control externo (OCEx. El caso español.

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María Teresa Ruiz Fonticiella

2005-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan la auditoria operativa de gestión pública y la función que ejercen en ella los denominados Órganos de Control Externo (OCEx de la administración pública española. Para ello se definen las funciones y el alcance de la auditoria operativa de gestión en el sector público, así como se expresan las definiciones y las funciones de esta auditoria según la legislación y la normativa. A continuación se estudian las funciones de los OCEx en la auditoria operativa de gestión pública en aspectos tales como su semblanza, información a emitir, sus relaciones con los órganos de control interno y la colaboración de auditores privados en la auditoria pública. Finalmente se formulan unas conclusiones.

A study on dose attenuation in bone density when TBI using diode detector and TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Im, Hyun Sil; Lee, Jung Jin; Jang, Ahn Ki; KIm, Wan Sun

2003-01-01

Uniform dose distribution of the whole body is essential factor for the total body irradiation(TBI). In order to achieved this goal, we used to compensation filter to compensate body contour irregularity and thickness differences. But we can not compensate components of body, namely lung or bone. The purpose of this study is evaluation of dose attenuation in bone tissue when TBI using diode detectors and TLD system. The object of this study were 5 patients who undergo TBI at our hospital. Dosimetry system were diode detectors and TLD system. Treatment method was bilateral and delivered 10 MV X-ray from linear accelerator. Measurement points were head, neck, pelvis, knees and ankles. TLD used two patients and diode detectors used three patients. Results are as followed. All measured dose value were normalized skin dose. TLD dosimetry : Measured skin dose of head, neck, pelvis, knees and ankles were 92.78±3.3, 104.34±2.3, 98.03±1.4, 99.9±2.53, 98.17±0.56 respectably. Measured mid-depth dose of pelvis, knees and ankles were 86±1.82, 93.24±2.53, 91.50±2.84 respectably. There were 6.67%-11.65% dose attenuation at mid-depth in pelvis, knees and ankles. Diode detector : Measured skin dose of head, neck, pelvis, knees and ankles were 95.23±1.18, 98.33±0.6, 93.5±1.5, 87.3±1.5, 86.90±1.16 respectably. There were 4.53%-12.6% dose attenuation at mid-depth in pelvis, knees and ankles. We concluded that dose measurement with TLD or diode detector was inevitable when TBI treatment. Considered dose attenuation in bone tissue, We must have adequately deduction of compensator thickness that body portion involved bone tissue.

Auditoria médica: programa de pré-natal em posto de saúde na região Sul do Brasil

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Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa

2000-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descreve-se a auditoria médica realizada entre as mulheres que se inscreveram em programa de pré-natal com o objetivo de verificar as características da assistência à gestação e de estabelecer diretrizes de atenção. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se levantamento epidemiológico dos cartões das gestantes inscritas no Programa de Pré-natal do Posto de Saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, RS, com data provável de parto durante 1997 e no primeiro semestre de 1998. Foram incluídas as mulheres ingressadas no Programa até o quarto mês de gestação e que tiveram cinco consultas no mínimo. Foi utilizada a análise bivariada para detectar as condições marcadoras da assistência médica. RESULTADOS: Em 1997, 73 mulheres se inscreveram no Programa de Pré-natal e, em 1998, 75. A média de consultas durante o pré-natal foi de 5,2 em 1997 e 6,2 em 1998. Essa diferença foi significativa (p<0,05. Analisaram-se diversos indicadores de processo médico que traduzem a qualidade da atenção. CONCLUSÃO: Discutiu-se a utilidade do instrumental epidemiológico na organização de um serviço de saúde. Ressaltou-se que esse tipo de estudo é rápido, barato e fornece informações para o direcionamento das atividades dos serviços.

Auditoria médica: programa de pré-natal em posto de saúde na região Sul do Brasil

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Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares

2000-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descreve-se a auditoria médica realizada entre as mulheres que se inscreveram em programa de pré-natal com o objetivo de verificar as características da assistência à gestação e de estabelecer diretrizes de atenção. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se levantamento epidemiológico dos cartões das gestantes inscritas no Programa de Pré-natal do Posto de Saúde da Vila Municipal, Pelotas, RS, com data provável de parto durante 1997 e no primeiro semestre de 1998. Foram incluídas as mulheres ingressadas no Programa até o quarto mês de gestação e que tiveram cinco consultas no mínimo. Foi utilizada a análise bivariada para detectar as condições marcadoras da assistência médica. RESULTADOS: Em 1997, 73 mulheres se inscreveram no Programa de Pré-natal e, em 1998, 75. A média de consultas durante o pré-natal foi de 5,2 em 1997 e 6,2 em 1998. Essa diferença foi significativa (p<0,05. Analisaram-se diversos indicadores de processo médico que traduzem a qualidade da atenção. CONCLUSÃO: Discutiu-se a utilidade do instrumental epidemiológico na organização de um serviço de saúde. Ressaltou-se que esse tipo de estudo é rápido, barato e fornece informações para o direcionamento das atividades dos serviços.

Image-guided method for TLD-based in vivo rectal dose verification with endorectal balloon in proton therapy for prostate cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsi, Wen C.; Fagundes, Marcio; Zeidan, Omar; Hug, Eugen; Schreuder, Niek

2013-01-01

Purpose: To present a practical image-guided method to position an endorectal balloon that improves in vivo thermoluminiscent dosimeter (TLD) measurements of rectal doses in proton therapy for prostate cancer. Methods: TLDs were combined with endorectal balloons to measure dose at the anterior rectal wall during daily proton treatment delivery. Radiopaque metallic markers were employed as surrogates for balloon position reproducibility in rotation and translation. The markers were utilized to guide the balloon orientation during daily treatment employing orthogonal x-ray image-guided patient positioning. TLDs were placed at the 12 o'clock position on the anterior balloon surface at the midprostatic plane. Markers were placed at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on the balloon to align it with respect to the planned orientation. The balloon rotation along its stem axis, referred to as roll, causes TLD displacement along the anterior-posterior direction. The magnitude of TLD displacement is revealed by the separation distance between markers at opposite sides of the balloon on sagittal x-ray images. Results: A total of 81 in vivo TLD measurements were performed on six patients. Eighty-three percent of all measurements (65 TLD readings) were within +5% and −10% of the planning dose with a mean of −2.1% and a standard deviation of 3.5%. Examination of marker positions with in-room x-ray images of measured doses between −10% and −20% of the planned dose revealed a strong correlation between balloon roll and TLD displacement posteriorly from the planned position. The magnitude of the roll was confirmed by separations of 10–20 mm between the markers which could be corrected by manually adjusting the balloon position and verified by a repeat x-ray image prior to proton delivery. This approach could properly correct the balloon roll, resulting in TLD positioning within 2 mm along the anterior-posterior direction. Conclusions: Our results show that image-guided TLD

NRE92/3: Programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el ejercicio 2015

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2015-01-01

Resoluci??n del Rectorado de la Universidad de Granada, de 3 de febrero de 2015, por la que se aprueba la programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el ejercicio 2015.

Determination of the TLD-100 physical parameters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paucar J, J.; Picon C, C.

1998-01-01

This study was realized in the Physics service at the Radiotherapy Department of the National Institute of Neoplasic Diseases in Lima, Peru, it was determined the activation energy, the kinetic order and the frequency factor of the fifth peak of the TLD-100 thermoluminescent spectra using different algorithms. This was carried out in parallel with the implementation and design of a software and an interface associated with the Tl lecturer which allows a semiautomatic control for a thermoluminescent lecturer process. (Author)

Parallel analysis of film and TLD application in personal dosimetry of medical staff during application of invasive radiological procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Misovic, M.; Boskovic, Z.; Spasic-Jokic, V.

1997-01-01

Although both types of dosimeters showed similar results for mentioned category of health care workers we wished to emphasize some advantages in use of TLD and film dosemeters in personal dosimetry. The main advantageous of film for dosimetric purposes are that it can provide visual representation of the radiation field and they are cheap, but there are lot of disadvantages. Advantages of TLD are based on: possibility for re-use, practically for whole users working life, small dimensions suitable for results, high precision and specially wide dose range. They are sensitive on low dose, practically for ten times more than film is. Disadvantages of TLD are based on their previous thermal and radiation history and on the fact that information about dose disappears after reading procedure. Considering advantages and disadvantages of both types of dosemeters we decided to propose TLD for routine hospital practice in personal dosimetry. (author)

Quality control of the breast cancer treatments on Hdr brachytherapy with TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Torres H, F. [Universidad de Cordoba, Materials and Applied Physics Group, 230002 Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia); De la Espriella V, N. [Universidad de Cordoba, Grupo Avanzado de Materiales y Sistemas Complejos, 230002 Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia); Sanchez C, A., E-mail: franciscotorreshoyos@yahoo.com [Universidad de Cordoba, Departamento de Enfermeria, 230002 Monteria, Cordoba (Colombia)

2014-07-01

An anthropomorphic Phantom, a female trunk, was built with a natural bone structure and experimental material coated, glycerin and water-based material called JJT to build soft tissue equivalent to the muscle of human tissue, and a polymer (styrofoam) to build the lung as critical organ to simulate the treatment of breast cancer, with high dose rate brachytherapy (Hdr) and sources of Ir-192. The treatments were planned and calculated for the critical organ: Lung, and injury of 2 cm in diameter in breast with Micro Selectron Hdr system and the software Plato Brachytherapy V 14.1 of the Nucletron (Netherlands) which uses the standard protocol of radiotherapy for brachytherapy treatments. The dose experimentally measured with dosimeters TLD-100 LiF: Mg; Ti, which were previously calibrated, were placed in the same positions and bodies mentioned above, with less than 5% uncertainty. The reading dosimeters was carried out in a Harshaw TLD 4500. The results obtained for calculated treatments, using the standard simulator, and the experimental with TLD-100, show a high concordance, as they are on average a ± 1.1% making process becomes in a quality control of this type of treatments. (Author)

Effective dose assessment in the maxillofacial region using thermoluminescent (TLD) and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosemeters: a comparative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Koivisto, J; Schulze, D; Wolff, J; Rottke, D

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology dosemeters with thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) (TLD 100; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) in the maxillofacial area. Organ and effective dose measurements were performed using 40 TLD and 20 MOSFET dosemeters that were alternately placed in 20 different locations in 1 anthropomorphic RANDO(®) head phantom (the Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY). The phantom was exposed to four different CBCT default maxillofacial protocols using small (4 × 5 cm) to full face (20 × 17 cm) fields of view (FOVs). The TLD effective doses ranged between 7.0 and 158.0 µSv and the MOSFET doses between 6.1 and 175.0 µSv. The MOSFET and TLD effective doses acquired using four different (FOV) protocols were as follows: face maxillofacial (FOV 20 × 17 cm) (MOSFET, 83.4 µSv; TLD, 87.6 µSv; -5%); teeth, upper jaw (FOV, 8.5 × 5.0 cm) (MOSFET, 6.1 µSv; TLD, 7.0 µSv; -14%); tooth, mandible and left molar (FOV, 4 × 5 cm) (MOSFET, 10.3 µSv; TLD, 12.3 µSv; -16%) and teeth, both jaws (FOV, 10 × 10 cm) (MOSFET, 175 µSv; TLD, 158 µSv; +11%). The largest variation in organ and effective dose was recorded in the small FOV protocols. Taking into account the uncertainties of both measurement methods and the results of the statistical analysis, the effective doses acquired using MOSFET dosemeters were found to be in good agreement with those obtained using TLD dosemeters. The MOSFET dosemeters constitute a feasible alternative for TLDs for the effective dose assessment of CBCT devices in the maxillofacial region.

The effect of the build-up wall at the TLD calibration using Co-60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariyama, N.

2000-01-01

Absorbed dose in thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) material at the calibration using Co-60 gamma rays depends on the TLD thickness and the wall material used for electric equilibrium condition. The relation was examined for LiF, BeO and CaF 2 TLDs sandwiched with PMMA, Teflon and Pyrex glass walls using a Monte Carlo transport code and compared with cavity ionization theory calculations. For the mismatched combination of LiF, BeO/Pyrex glass and CaF 2 /PMMA, it was found that the energy deposition did not change monotonously with TLD thickness from small cavity to large cavity value: a depression observed around 1-mm thickness for LiF/Pyrex glass and a peak around 0.6-mm thickness for CaF 2 /PMMA. The phenomena were explained by using different exponential attenuation coefficients β and β' for the weighting functions of cavity theory. Moreover, use of large cavity values was found to lead possibly to 3-5% errors in the calibration of thin TLDs. (author)

A Computerized QC Analysis of TLD Glow Curves for Personal Dosimetry Measurements Using TagQC Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Primo, S.; Datz, H.; Dar, A.

2014-01-01

The External Dosimetry Lab (EDL) at the Radiation Safety Division at Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) is ISO 17025 certified and provides its services to approximately 13,000 users throughout the country from various sectors such as medical, industrial and academic. About 95% of the users are monitored monthly for X-rays, and radiation using Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) cards that contain three LiF:Mg,Ti elements and the other users, who work also with thermal neutrons, use TLD cards that contain four LiF:Mg,Ti elements. All TLD cards are measured with the Thermo 8800pc reader.Suspicious TLD glow curve (GC) can cause wrong dose estimation so the EDL makes great efforts to ensure that each GC undergoes a careful QC procedure. The current QC procedure is performed manually and through a few steps using different softwares and databases in a long and complicated procedure: EDL staff needs to export all the results/GCs to be checked to an Excel file, followed by finding the suspicious GCs, which is done in a different program (WinREMS), According to the GC shapes (Figure 1 illustrates suitable and suspicious GC shapes) and the ratio between the elements result values, the inspecting technician corrects the data

Performance evaluation of vertical feed fully automated TLD badge reader using 0.8 and 0.4 mm teflon embedded CaSO4:Dy dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ratna, P.; More, Vinay; Kulkarni, M.S.

2012-01-01

The personnel monitoring of more than 80,000 radiation workers in India is at present carried out by semi-automated TLD badge Reader systems (TLDBR-7B) developed by Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. More than 60 such reader systems are in use in all the personnel monitoring centers in the country. Radiation Safety Systems Division also developed the fully automated TLD badge reader based on a new TLD badge having built-in machine readable ID code (in the form of 16x3 hole pattern). This automated reader is designed with minimum of changes in the electronics and mechanical hardware in the semiautomatic version (TLDBR-7B) so that such semi-automatic readers can be easily upgraded to the fully automated versions by using the new TLD badge with ID code. The reader was capable of reading 50 TLD cards in 90 minutes. Based on the feedback from the users, a new model of frilly automated TLD badge Reader (model VEFFA-10) is designed which is an improved version of the previously reported fully Automated TLD badge reader. This VEFFA-10 PC based Reader incorporates vertical loading of TLD bards having machine readable ID code. In this new reader, a vertical rack, which can hold 100 such cards, is mounted from the right side of the reader system. The TLD card falls into the channel by gravity from where it is taken to the reading position by rack and pinion method. After the readout, the TLD card is dropped in a eject tray. The reader employs hot N 2 gas heating method and the gas flow is controlled by a specially designed digital gas flow meter on the front panel of the reader system. The system design is very compact and simple and card stuck up problem is totally eliminated in the reader system. The reader has a number of self-diagnostic features to ensure a high degree of reliability. This paper reports the performance evaluation of the Reader using 0.4 mm thick Teflon embedded CaSO 4 :Dy TLD cards instead of 0.8 mm cards

Application of combined TLD and CR-39 PNTD method for measurement of total dose and dose equivalent on ISS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benton, E.R.; Deme, S.; Apathy, I.

2006-01-01

To date, no single passive detector has been found that measures dose equivalent from ionizing radiation exposure in low-Earth orbit. We have developed the I.S.S. Passive Dosimetry System (P.D.S.), utilizing a combination of TLD in the form of the self-contained Pille TLD system and stacks of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detector (P.N.T.D.) oriented in three mutually orthogonal directions, to measure total dose and dose equivalent aboard the International Space Station (I.S.S.). The Pille TLD system, consisting on an on board reader and a large number of Ca 2 SO 4 :Dy TLD cells, is used to measure absorbed dose. The Pille TLD cells are read out and annealed by the I.S.S. crew on orbit, such that dose information for any time period or condition, e.g. for E.V.A. or following a solar particle event, is immediately available. Near-tissue equivalent CR-39 P.N.T.D. provides Let spectrum, dose, and dose equivalent from charged particles of LET ∞ H 2 O ≥ 10 keV/μm, including the secondaries produced in interactions with high-energy neutrons. Dose information from CR-39 P.N.T.D. is used to correct the absorbed dose component ≥ 10 keV/μm measured in TLD to obtain total dose. Dose equivalent from CR-39 P.N.T.D. is combined with the dose component <10 keV/μm measured in TLD to obtain total dose equivalent. Dose rates ranging from 165 to 250 μGy/day and dose equivalent rates ranging from 340 to 450 μSv/day were measured aboard I.S.S. during the Expedition 2 mission in 2001. Results from the P.D.S. are consistent with those from other passive detectors tested as part of the ground-based I.C.C.H.I.B.A.N. intercomparison of space radiation dosimeters. (authors)

NRC [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] TLD [thermoluminescent dosimeter] direct radiation monitoring network

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struckmeyer, R.; McNamara, N.

1989-09-01

This report provides the status and results of the NRC Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. It presents the radiation levels measured in the vicinity of NRC licensed facility sites throughout the country for the second quarter of 1989

NRC TLD direct radiation monitoring network: Progress report, April--June 1988

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struckmeyer, R.; McNamara, N.

1988-09-01

This report provides the status and results of the NRC Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. It presents the radiation levels measured in the vicinity of NRC licensed facility sites throughout the country for the second quarter of 1988

Auditoria em Enfermagem: identificando sua concepção e métodos Auditoría de Enfermería: identificando las concepciones y método Nursing audit: identifying notions and method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariane Fazzolo Scarparo

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou identificar e analisar opiniões de especialistas em auditoria que atuam no contexto da enfermagem e sistematizar tendências de concepção, método e finalidade da auditoria de enfermagem, na atualidade e para os próximos cinco anos. Metodologicamente, a investigação foi estruturada utilizando-se da técnica Delphi, tipo de avaliação prospectiva e consensual de tendências, por parte de especialistas no tema investigado. Os resultados revelaram que a concepção atual da auditoria está enfocada na visão contábil e financeira, tendo em vista a sustentação econômica do hospital e como ato de controladoria visando identificar pagamentos indevidos referentes à conta hospitalar; no futuro, a essa concepção será associada à avaliação da qualidade da assistência, com envolvimento em outras áreas que nela interferem.La presente investigación teve como objetivos identificar y analizar opiniones de especialistas en auditoría que actúan en el contexto de la enfermería y sistematizar tendencias de concepción, de método y de finalidad de la auditoría en enfermería, en la actualidad y para los próximos cinco años. Metodológicamente, la investigación fue estructurada utilizando la técnica Delphi, tipo de evaluación prospectiva y consensual de tendencias, por parte de especialistas en el tema investigado.Los resultados revelaron que la concepción actual de la auditoría se concentra en la visión contable y financiera, teniendo en vista la sustentación económica del hospital y como acto de contraloría a los efectos de identificar pagos indebidos referentes a la cuenta hospitalaria; en el futuro, esa concepción referida será asociada a la evaluación de la calidad de la asistencia, con participación en otras áreas que en ella interfieren.The present study aimed at identifying and analyzing the opinions of auditing experts who work within the context of nursing and systematizing trends

A Computerized QC Analysis of TLD Glow Curves for Personal Dosimetry Measurements Using Tag QC Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Primo, S.; Datz, H.; Dar, A.

2014-01-01

The External Dosimetry Lab (EDL) at the Radiation Safety Division at Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) is ISO 17025 certified and provides its services to approximately 13,000 users throughout the country from various sectors such as medical, industrial and academic. About 95% of the users are monitored monthly for X-rays, radiation using Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD) cards that contain three LiF:Mg,Ti elements and the other users, who work also with thermal neutrons, use TLD cards that contain four LiF:Mg,Ti elements. All TLD cards are measured with the Thermo 8800pc reader. Suspicious TLD glow curve (GC) can cause wrong dose estimation so the EDL makes great efforts to ensure that each GC undergoes a careful QC procedure. The current QC procedure is performed manually and through a few steps using different softwares and databases in a long and complicated procedure: EDL staff needs to export all the results/GCs to be checked to an Excel file, followed by finding the suspicious GCs, which is done in a different program (WinREMS), According to the GC shapes (Figure 1 illustrates suitable and suspicious GC shapes) and the ratio between the elements result values, the inspecting technician corrects the data. The motivation for developing the new program is the complicated and time consuming process of our the manual procedure to the large amount of TLDs each month (13,000), similarly to other Dosimetry services that use computerized QC GC analysis. it is important to note that only ~25% of the results are above the EDL recorded level (0.10 mSv) and need to be inspected. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe a new program, TagQC, which allows a computerized QC GC analysis that identifies automatically, swiftly, and accurately suspicious TLD GC

A personnel TLD system with person identification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Widell, C.O.

1974-01-01

The TLD system uses Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Mn, Si sintered tablets which are heated by hot nitrogen. The slide which holds the tablets is coded by a self adhesive polyester-aluminium tape. This tape is BCD coded in an ordinary tape punch. The information on the punched tape includes a ten digit social-security number and a two digit information on location and type of dosimetry. By this system dosimetric data is directly transfered into a central dose register for Sweden. All personnel doses are there stored on social-security numbers. (author)

Auditoria da gestão da inovação no setor bancário: o caso do Banese

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquim Braga Junior

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A gestão da inovação tem assumido papel importante no contexto empresarial atual como forma de obtenção de lucros, eficiência nos processos e flexibilidade estrutural, aspectos importantes para a competitividade e consolidação da organização no mercado. A intenção deste estudo teórico-empírico é analisar o processo de gestão da inovação nas instituições bancárias, tomando-se para estudo o Banco do Estado de Sergipe (Banese e utilizando-se como ferramenta de análise uma auditoria interna da inovação, consoante modelo proposto por Tidd, Bessant e Pavitt (2008, que se baseia em cinco dimensões: estratégia, processos, organização inovadora, relacionamentos e aprendizagem, sendo o resultado apresentado sob a forma de gráfico radar. Após aplicação de questionários aos gestores dos departamentos do Banese envolvidos com inovação, foram analisadas as respostas, por meio das dimensões do modelo, atribuídos conceitos e identificadas fragilidades, que implicaram sugestões de melhoria, importante contribuição desta pesquisa. Como resultado, verificou-se a carência na disseminação da cultura da inovação com foco no cliente e na competitividade, necessidade de convergência das ações de inovação com o plano estratégico da empresa e de mensuração dos resultados dos projetos inovadores, que devem ser priorizados, com interação entre as unidades departamentais e com os agentes externos de fomento à inovação.

Further characteristics important in the operation of ceramic BeO TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gammage, R.B.

1977-01-01

There is now a considerable volume of published research dealing with ceramic BeO--TLD (Crase and Gammage, 1975; Yamashita et al., 1974; Scarpa et al., 1971). Its high sensitivity to radiation (1 mR), cheapness, commercial availability, non-toxicity, chemical stability, an atomic number of near tissue equivalence, and resistance to thermal fading, suggest that it should, by now, have found widespread acceptance as a TLD phosphor. It has not. There are only a small handful of reports dealing with the practical application of this type of dosimeter (Puite et al., 1974; Gammage and Haywood, 1976; Gesell et al., 1975). It seems wise, therefore, to look at the phosphor more closely and to focus on characteristics likely to cause problems under real operating conditions, especially those which are acting as a deterrent to its widespread acceptance. Operational characteristics were studied and the results are discussed

PorTL - a compact, portable TLD reader for environmental and personal dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deme, S.; Apathy, I.; Bodnar, L.; Csoke, A.; Feher, I.; Pazmandi, T.

2005-01-01

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are commonly used for environmental monitoring, for personal and medical dosimetry, for dosimetry in nuclear facilities, etc. Major advantages are their independence of the power supply, small dimension, sensitivity, good stability, wide measuring range, resistance to environmental changes and relatively low cost. The disadvantage is that the detector must be transported for evaluation to a laboratory equipped with a large, heavy and expensive TLD Reader operated by qualified personnel, which considerably increases the costs and delays results. To overcome this disadvantage, the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (KFKI AEKI), in co-operation with BL Electronics (Hungary), has developed a new and unique TLD system containing a small, portable, battery powered and moderate-price reader for commercial use. This paper gives a detailed description and parameters of this system.(author)

Alanine and TLD coupled detectors for fast neutron dose measurements in neutron capture therapy (NCT)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cecilia, A.; Baccaro, S.; Cemmi, A. [ENEA-FIS-ION, Casaccia RC, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome (Italy); Colli, V.; Gambarini, G. [Dept. of Physics of the Univ., INFN, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy); Rosi, G. [ENEA-FIS-ION, Casaccia RC, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 Santa Maria di Galeria, Rome (Italy); Scolari, L. [Dept. of Physics of the Univ., INFN, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan (Italy)

2004-07-01

A method was investigated to measure gamma and fast neutron doses in phantoms exposed to an epithermal neutron beam designed for neutron capture therapy (NCT). The gamma dose component was measured by TLD-300 [CaF{sub 2}:Tm] and the fast neutron dose, mainly due to elastic scattering with hydrogen nuclei, was measured by alanine dosemeters [CH{sub 3}CH(NH{sub 2})COOH]. The gamma and fast neutron doses deposited in alanine dosemeters are very near to those released in tissue, because of the alanine tissue equivalence. Couples of TLD-300 and alanine dosemeters were irradiated in phantoms positioned in the epithermal column of the Tapiro reactor (ENEA-Casaccia RC). The dosemeter response depends on the linear energy transfer (LET) of radiation, hence the precision and reliability of the fast neutron dose values obtained with the proposed method have been investigated. Results showed that the combination of alanine and TLD detectors is a promising method to separate gamma dose and fast neutron dose in NCT. (authors)

Influences of scattering radiation in a TLD irradiation room, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Osamu; Suwa, Shigeo

1985-01-01

The influence of scattering radiation (SR) on radiation dose rate (DR) in a TLD irradiation room was assessed. A single SD from a standard TLD apparatus, i.e., an acrylic or aluminum table, was examined. The maximum DR was attained at approximately 80 cm from the radiation source. Energy spectra of SR ranged up to the energy of direct radiation beam. Circular SD at one m from the radiation source, which contributed to DR to the direct radiation beam, was almost homogeneous. SD was large near the irradiation table, and the influence of SD on DR became smaller with SD being vertically farther from the apparatus. The influence of SD on RD to the direct radiation beam became less with an increase in gamma ray energy. At one m from the radiation source, 6 - 7 % of SD contributed to DR to the direct radiation beam for 0.662 MeV of gamma ray. This figure was one half of that with NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. (Namekawa, K.)

Evaluation of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100 for Intraoperative Electron Radiation Therapy Quality Assurance.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raffaele Liuzzi

Full Text Available Purpose of the present work was to investigate thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs response to intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT beams. In an IOERT treatment, a large single radiation dose is delivered with a high dose-per-pulse electron beam (2-12 cGy/pulse during surgery. To verify and to record the delivered dose, in vivo dosimetry is a mandatory procedure for quality assurance. The TLDs feature many advantages such as a small detector size and close tissue equivalence that make them attractive for IOERT as in vivo dosimeters.LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeters (TLD-100 were irradiated with different IOERT electron beam energies (5, 7 and 9 MeV and with a 6 MV conventional photon beam. For each energy, the TLDs were irradiated in the dose range of 0-10 Gy in step of 2 Gy. Regression analysis was performed to establish the response variation of thermoluminescent signals with dose and energy.The TLD-100 dose-response curves were obtained. In the dose range of 0-10 Gy, the calibration curve was confirmed to be linear for the conventional photon beam. In the same dose region, the quadratic model performs better than the linear model when high dose-per-pulse electron beams were used (F test; p<0.05.This study demonstrates that the TLD dose response, for doses ≤10 Gy, has a parabolic behavior in high dose-per-pulse electron beams. TLD-100 can be useful detectors for IOERT patient dosimetry if a proper calibration is provided.

Analysis of read-out heating rate effects on the glow peaks of TLD-100 using WinGCF software

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bauk, Sabar, E-mail: sabar@usm.my [Physics Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang (Malaysia); Hussin, Siti Fatimah [School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang (Malaysia); Alam, Md. Shah [Physics Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang (Malaysia); Physics Department, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet (Bangladesh)

2016-01-22

This study was done to analyze the effects of the read-out heating rate on the LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) glow peaks using WinGCF computer software. The TLDs were exposed to X-ray photons with a potential difference of 72 kVp and 200 mAs in air and were read-out using a Harshaw 3500 TLD reader. The TLDs were read-out using four read-out heating rates at 10, 7, 4 and 1 °C s{sup −1}. It was observed that lowering the heating rate could separate more glow peaks. The activation energy for peak 5 was found to be lower than that for peak 4. The peak maximum temperature and the integral value of the main peak decreased as the heating rate decreases.

Auditoría ambiental: nuevos caminos en el control externo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Varela Silva, Marta

2008-04-01

Full Text Available El Estado, así como la sociedad, viene sufriendo diversas alteraciones. Consciente de estos cambios la auditoria gubernamental también pasa por un proceso de transformación. Entre las innumerables áreas a controlar, surge un nuevo campo que la auditoria gubernamental debe explotar: el Medio Ambiente.Lejos de la pretensión de agotar el asunto, el presente estudio trata de demostrar la aplicabilidad de una auditoria ambiental en el ámbito de una Entidad de Fiscalización Superior (EFS. Para ello, se presenta un caso práctico aplicado a las áreas protegidas de diez Parques Naturales, examinados por completo.

Comparative study of trapping parameters of LiF(TLD-100) from different production batches

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bos, A.J.J.; Piters, T.M.; Vries, W. de; Hoogenboom, J.E. (Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands). Interfaculty Reactor Institute)

1990-01-01

Computerised glow curve analysis has been used to determine the trapping parameters of the main peaks of the thermoluminescent (TL) material LiF(TLD-100). The TL material (solid state chips) originated from six different production batches with at least 19 chips per batch. The maxima of glow peaks 2 to 5 are found at the same temperature within very small limits. The activation energy and frequency factor of the main glow peak (peak 5) of TLD-100 originating from two batches differ significantly from those of the other four investigated batches. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of glow peak 5 is more or less the same for all batches. The trapping parameters of glow peaks 2 to 4 of TLD-100 vary little from batch to batch. The measured half-life of peak 2 differed strongly from batch to batch. For all investigated peaks no correlation has been found between glow peak sensitivity and trapping parameters. The results of this study suggest that both defect concentration and nature of the trapping centres vary from batch to batch. It would appear that as a consequence of selection by the manufacturer, the differences between the batches in terms of total light output are small. (author).

Comitê de Auditoria versus Conselho Fiscal Adaptado: a visão dos analistas de mercado e dos executivos das empresas que possuem ADRs Audit Committee versus Adapted Fiscal Council: the point of view of market analysts and executives of companies with ADRs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Furuta

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo obter a opinião dos executivos das empresas que operam no Brasil e negociam seus títulos no mercado norte-americano e dos analistas de mercado sobre a formação do Comitê de Auditoria ou do Conselho Fiscal adaptado. Para isso, foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas. A maioria dos executivos das empresas que formaram o Comitê de Auditoria apontaram que o nível de governança corporativa foi um dos fatores que mais influenciou na decisão de se formar um ou outro órgão. Por outro lado, a maioria dos executivos das empresas que formaram o Conselho Fiscal adaptado indicaram, além do nível de governança corporativa, o fato de ser auditada por uma das Big4 e a classificação da empresa conforme o valor agregado de mercado como fatores que influenciaram nas suas decisões. Não houve consenso de opiniões quanto ao Conselho Fiscal ser mais adaptável que o Comitê de Auditoria ao ambiente de negócios brasileiros, se as funções dos dois órgãos são distintas e se os custos associados à formação do Comitê de Auditoria são ou não relevantes. Assim, pode-se concluir que, em alguns aspectos, as percepções dos analistas de mercado e dos executivos das empresas são bastante diferentes.The aim of this study was to obtain the opinion of executives working in companies that companies that operate in Brazil and negotiate their titles in the North-American market and the opinion of market analysts. For that, we used questionnaires and made interviews. The majority of executives working in companies with an Audit Committee pointed out the level of Corporate Governance as one of the factors that most influenced the decision to establish either of the agencies. On the other hand, according to the majority of executives working in companies with an adapted Fiscal Council, the level of Corporate Governance, in addition to the fact that the company was audited by one of the Big4, and the company

Metal filters for the compensation of photon energy dependence of the response of CaSO4: Dy - Teflon TLD Discs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Bhatt, R.C.

1979-01-01

Metal filters of aluminium, stainless steel, copper, cadmium, tin and lead were studied for compensation of the photon energy dependence of the response of CaSO 4 : Dy Teflon TLD Discs. It was found that metals such as cadmium and tin (which are normally used for this purpose) with their K absorption edges around 30 keV, are poor compensators of photon energy dependence. However, if either cadmium or tin is used in combination with either copper or stainless steel (with the lower Z filter nearer to the TLD dosimeter disc) a better compensation of photon energy dependence is achieved. Consequently, for personnel monitoring of X and gamma radiations, a TLD badge with CaSO 4 : Dy Teflon TLD discs and two sets of combination filters has been recommended. In the range of 27 keV -1.25 MeV this badge offers a photon energy response which varies within +-15%. This is a considerable improvement on the corresponding limits of +-65% on using a single filter. (orig.)

Verification or treatment planning system of radiotherapy using TLD-100; Verificacion de los sistemas de planificacion de tratamiento de radioterapia empleando TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pinuela, J., E-mail: jcpinuela@hotmail.co [Hospital Central de Maracay (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of). Servicio de Radioterapia

2010-07-01

The evaluation of the treatment planning system (TPS) used in radiotherapy Precise Plan, was carried out using TLD-100 dosimeters, comparing the dose obtained with an ionization chamber. The TLD-100 were calibrated using secondary standard of SSDL, selecting dosimeters which had a standard deviation less than 1% for dosimeter calibration and less than 5% for dosimeter of field, for the tests conducted in TPS, The Alderson Phantom was used to evaluate the wedge and bolus, and Lucy 3D allowed us to evaluate correspondence of CT numbers, volume expansion, beam shaping, precise dose and beam weigh assignment. It was observed that the results of Lucy 3D were within the values expected except the volume expansion process with more than 10% difference, the evaluation of beam modulators systems with wedges and bolus as beam shaping yielded values within the expected with variations less than 5% and to assess the supply of specific doses, it was observed that the values obtained were precise and accurate since the same variation was less than 0.5% for the test. The importance of assessing the TPS lies in our country there is no procedure to verify that system and these tests provide a basis for future comparisons. (author)

Impact of ANSI 2009 criteria for performance testing in TLD personnel monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MeenaI, P.; Rakesh, R.B.; Srivastava, Kshama; KoIambe, D.H.; Sapra, B.K.

2014-01-01

External Quality Assurance in TLD Personnel Monitoring Service was initiated in 1985, for periodic performance evaluation of various TLD Laboratories through postal exercise. Presently, all the 16 laboratories involved in Personnel Monitoring Service are covered under QA exercise. Since beginning, American National Standards Institute (ANSI) criteria have been adopted for performance testing in QA exercise. Presently, ANSI 2001 performance criteria along with ISO trumpet curve analysis method are being used for performance evaluation. In 2009, ANSI modified the performance evaluation criteria and this study evaluates its impact and feasibility of implementation of ANSI 2009 criteria in the quality assurance program for personnel monitoring. The performance of some laboratories evaluated using both ANSI 2001 and ANSI 2009 criteria have been discussed. The study shows that the ANSI 2009 criteria is more stringent and encourages even distribution of bias and standard deviation. This can be implemented with suitable modifications for performance evaluation

Dosimetric characteristics of a TLD dosemeter with extremities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molina P, D.; Diaz B, E.; Lien V, R.

1999-01-01

It was designed a TLD dosemeter for the monitoring of the extremities. This one consists in a metallic ring with a circular orifice where is arranged a T L detector of LiF: Mg,Ti (Model JR1152C) 5 x 5 x 0.8 mm 3 covered by a polyethylene fine layer. In this work were studied the dosimetric properties of the dosemeter for its application in the dosimetry of extremities for photonic radiation. the results obtained allow conclude that the designed dosemeter can be used for the extremities monitoring. (Author)

Results and discussion of laboratory experiences with different automated TLD readers for personnel monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Regulla, D.F.; Drexeler, G.

Although the film seems to continue serving as the main personnel dosemeter in Germany for the time in sight, the evolution of particularly solid state techniques and their properties are thoroughly considered with respect to a possible generalized application in personnel monitoring. For this reason different automated TLD systems that are commercially available have been investigated in the laboratory in order to find out their usefulness for a largescale or also decentralized service. Along with studying the dosimetrical and apparative parameters, the question has been discussed to which monitoring philosophy these TLD systems seem to fit. It is reported both on experimental experiences achieved as well as on the results of basic discussions that in return influence the discussion about the necessary outfit of personnel TL dosemeters

Application of Glow Curve Deconvolution Method to Evaluate Low Dose TLD LiF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurnia, E; Oetami, H R; Mutiah

1996-01-01

Thermoluminescence Dosimeter (TLD), especially LiF:Mg, Ti material, is one of the most practical personal dosimeter in known to date. Dose measurement under 100 uGy using TLD reader is very difficult in high precision level. The software application is used to improve the precision of the TLD reader. The objectives of the research is to compare three Tl-glow curve analysis method irradiated in the range between 5 up to 250 uGy. The first method is manual analysis, dose information is obtained from the area under the glow curve between pre selected temperature limits, and background signal is estimated by a second readout following the first readout. The second method is deconvolution method, separating glow curve into four peaks mathematically and dose information is obtained from area of peak 5, and background signal is eliminated computationally. The third method is deconvolution method but the dose is represented by the sum of area of peak 3,4 and 5. The result shown that the sum of peak 3,4 and 5 method can improve reproducibility six times better than manual analysis for dose 20 uGy, the ability to reduce MMD until 10 uGy rather than 60 uGy with manual analysis or 20 uGy with peak 5 area method. In linearity, the sum of peak 3,4 and 5 method yields exactly linear dose response curve over the entire dose range

NRC TLD [thermoluminescent dosimeter] Direct Radiation Monitoring Network: Progress report, January-March 1988

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Struckmeyer, R.; McNamara, N.

1988-06-01

This report provides the status and results of the NRC Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Direct Radiation Monitoring Network. It presents the radiation levels measured in the vicinity of NRC licensed facility sites throughout the country for the first quarter of 1988

Effects of phosphor proportion and grain size on photon energy response of CaSO4:Dy teflon TLD discs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Bhatt, R.C.

1979-01-01

Effects of phosphor proportion and grain size on the photon energy dependence of CaSO 4 :Dy embedded teflon TLD discs have been studied. It was found that in the commonly used TLD disc compositions, the proportion of phosphor has only little effect on energy dependence. This dependence could be significantly reduced by using phosphor of grain size less than 1 μm. The experimental results are compared with calculated results. (Auth.)

Recommendations: Introducing the quality system into the use of significant ionizing radiation sources in radiotherapy. TLD audit by mail within the quality system in radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekendahl, D.; Valenta, J.; Horakova, I.

2005-01-01

The publication consists of the following sections: TLD measurement methodology (Description of the TLD system; Dose determination); TLD audit in radiotherapy: methodologies and evaluation of results (Checking the dose calculated by the planning system and beam quality control; Checking the calculated dose distribution using a versatile phantom; Checking the calculated doses for linear accelerators with multilammelar collimators; Evaluation and analysis of results; Organizing a performing audits by mail); and Annexes: Detailed guidelines and protocols for radiotherapy departments. (P.A.)

Traceability of a panoramic gamma irradiator using different TLD systems as transfer Instruments; Trazabilidad de un irradiador panoramico mediante sistemas de dosimetria TL

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero, A. M.; Saez, J. C

1994-07-01

This work shows the calibration in terms of the new operational radiological quantities Hp (10) and H(10) for different TLD systems (Harshaw TLD-100 and Panasonic UD-002) used in personal and environmental monitoring. The irradiations were performed in the Spanish Reference Laboratory in radiation protection levels, managed by the CIEMAT Metrology of ionizing radiations Unit. With those data, different calibrations of a panoramic gamma irradiator in terms of the radiological quantity for unit of time were established, providing the traceability of the irradiator to the Reference Laboratory using the corresponding TLD systems as transfer instruments. (Author) 9 refs.

Traceability of a panoramic gamma irradiator using different TLD systems as transfer instruments; Trazabilidad de un irradiador panoramico mediante sistemas de dosimetria TL

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero, A.M.; Saez, J.C.

1994-08-01

This work shows the calibration in terms of the new operational radiological quantities Hp(10) and H*(10) for different TLD systems (Harshaw TLD-100 and Panasonic UD-802) used in personal and environmental monitoring. The irradiations were performed in the Spanish Reference Laboratory in radiation protection levels, managed by the CIEMAT Metrology of ionizing radiations Unit. With these data, different calibrations of a panoramic gamma irradiator in terms of the radiological quantity for unit of time were established, providing the traceability of the irradiator to the Reference Laboratory using the corresponding TLD systems as transfer instruments. (Author) 9 refs.

Environmental radiation measurements using TLD in and around AERE, Dhaka

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mollah, A.S.; Husain, S.R.; Rahman, M.M.

1986-01-01

The external background radiation level in and around the Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) in Dhaka has been measured. The measurements were performed using lithium fluoride (LiF) thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD-100) at 32 locations, all one metre above the ground. The annual average dose rate measured in the AERE environs was 1.74+-0.23 mGy.y -1 in air, based on analysis of thermoluminescence dosemeter data collected from 1982 to 1984. (author)

Vivo dosimetry using TLD detectors in prostate seed implants of I-125: preliminary results; Dosimetria in vivo mediante detectores de TLD en implantes de prostata con semillas de I-125: resultados preliminares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez-Reyes, A.; Pedro, A.; Bassas, P.; Duch, M. A.; Cros, M.; Mane, S.

2011-07-01

We present preliminary results of a new in vivo dosimetry technique that could allow to know immediately after implantation of the prostate if the dose distribution determined by the scheduler is similar to the actual dose measured with TLD detectors.

Unfolding neutron spectra obtained from BS–TLD system using genetic algorithm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, J.A.L.; Silva, E.R.; Ferreira, T.A.E; Vilela, E.C.

2012-01-01

Due to the variability of neutron spectrum within the same environment, it is essential that the spectral distribution as a function of energy should be characterized. The precise information allows radiological quantities establishment related to that spectrum, but it is necessary that a spectrometric system covers a large interval of energy and an unfolding process is appropriate. This paper proposes use of a technique of Artificial Intelligence (AI) called genetic algorithm (GA), which uses bio-inspired mathematical models with the implementation of a specific matrix to unfolding data obtained from a combination of TLDs embedded in a BS system to characterize the neutron spectrum as a function of energy. The results obtained with this method were in accordance with reference spectra, thus enabling this technique to unfold neutron spectra with the BS–TLD system. - Highlights: ► The unfolding code used the artificial intelligence technique called genetic algorithms. ► A response matrix specific to the unfolding data obtained with the BS–TLD system is used by the AGLN. ► The observed results demonstrate the potential use of genetic algorithms in solving complex nuclear problems.

TLD-100 glow-curve deconvolution for the evaluation of the thermal stress and radiation damage effects

CERN Document Server

Sabini, M G; Cuttone, G; Guasti, A; Mazzocchi, S; Raffaele, L

2002-01-01

In this work, the dose response of TLD-100 dosimeters has been studied in a 62 MeV clinical proton beams. The signal versus dose curve has been compared with the one measured in a sup 6 sup 0 Co beam. Different experiments have been performed in order to observe the thermal stress and the radiation damage effects on the detector sensitivity. A LET dependence of the TL response has been observed. In order to get a physical interpretation of these effects, a computerised glow-curve deconvolution has been employed. The results of all the performed experiments and deconvolutions are extensively reported, and the TLD-100 possible fields of application in the clinical proton dosimetry are discussed.

Investigation of a new LiF TLD individual dosimeter for measuring personal dose equivalent Hp(d) on different phantoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, H.; Duftschmid, K.E.; Strachotinsky, C.

1992-09-01

The paper describes a new LiF TLD dosimeter designed for measuring personal dose equivalent, H p (d). Its energy and angular response have been studied in detail on a PMMA slab phantom using the conversion factors for TE slab phantom. According to the results obtained with four types of different conversion coefficients and phantoms, i.e. a PMMA slab, Water slab, ICRU sphere and Alderson Rando phantom, the conversion coefficients for the TE slab phantom are suitable for the calibration of TLD individual dosimeters on PMMA slab phantom. In the energy range 17 keV to 1250 KeV the energy response for H p (10) and H p (0.07) is energy independent within -20% to 8.4% for frontal irradiation. For angles within ±60 deg the new TLD dosimeters indicate H p (10) within 0 to 22.5% and H p (0.07) within -11.1% to 1.3%, respectively. (authors)

Dose rate dependence for different dosimeters and detectors: TLD, OSL, EBT films, and diamond detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karsch, L.; Beyreuther, E.; Burris-Mog, T.; Kraft, S.; Richter, C.; Zeil, K.; Pawelke, J.

2012-01-01

Purpose: The use of laser accelerators in radiation therapy can perhaps increase the low number of proton and ion therapy facilities in some years due to the low investment costs and small size. The laser-based acceleration technology leads to a very high peak dose rate of about 10 11 Gy/s. A first dosimetric task is the evaluation of dose rate dependence of clinical dosimeters and other detectors. Methods: The measurements were done at ELBE, a superconductive linear electron accelerator which generates electron pulses with 5 ps length at 20 MeV. The different dose rates are reached by adjusting the number of electrons in one beam pulse. Three clinical dosimeters (TLD, OSL, and EBT radiochromic films) were irradiated with four different dose rates and nearly the same dose. A faraday cup, an integrating current transformer, and an ionization chamber were used to control the particle flux on the dosimeters. Furthermore two diamond detectors were tested. Results: The dosimeters are dose rate independent up to 410 9 Gy/s within 2% (OSL and TLD) and up to 1510 9 Gy/s within 5% (EBT films). The diamond detectors show strong dose rate dependence. Conclusions: TLD, OSL dosimeters, and EBT films are suitable for pulsed beams with a very high pulse dose rate like laser accelerated particle beams.

Vivo dosimetry using TLD detectors in prostate seed implants of I-125: preliminary results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanchez-Reyes, A.; Pedro, A.; Bassas, P.; Duch, M. A.; Cros, M.; Mane, S.

2011-01-01

We present preliminary results of a new in vivo dosimetry technique that could allow to know immediately after implantation of the prostate if the dose distribution determined by the scheduler is similar to the actual dose measured with TLD detectors.

The evaluation of dose of TSEI with TLD and diode detector of the uterine cervix cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Je, Young Wan; Na, Keyung Su; Yoon, Il Kyu; Park, Heung Deuk

2005-01-01

To evaluate radiation dose and accuracy with TLD and diode detector when treat total skin with electron beam. Using Stanford Technique, we treated patient with Mycosis Fungoides. 6 MeV electron beam of LINAC was used and the SSD was 300 cm. Also, acrylic speller(0.8 cm) was used. The patient position was 6 types and the gantry angle was 64, 90 and 116 degree. The patient's skin dose and the output were detected 5 to 6 times with TLD and diode. The deviations of dose detected with TLD from tumor dose were CA + 6%, thigh + 8%, umbilicus + 4%, calf - 8%, vertex - 74.4%, deep axillae - 10.2%, anus and testis - 87%, sole - 86% and nails shielded with 4 mm lead + 4%. The deviations of dose detected with diode were - 4.5% ∼ + 5% at the patient center and - 1.1% ∼ + 1% at the speller. The deviation of total skin dose was + 8% ∼ - 8% and that deviation was within the acceptable range(±10%). The boost dose was irradiated for the low dose areas(vertex, anus, sole). The electron beam output detected at the sootier was stable. It is thought that the deviation of dose at patient center detected with diode was induced by detection point and patient position.

Auditoria: independência, estratégias mercadológicas e satisfação do cliente - um estudo exploratório sobre a região Nordeste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Nelson Carvalho

2004-04-01

Full Text Available A crise de credibilidade das auditorias vivenciada não só no Brasil, mas também em países como Estados Unidos e Inglaterra, e o ambiente global, impõem aos auditores independentes uma oportunidade de revisão da forma de condução da sua atividade e de suas principais posturas profissionais. Uma dimensão mais competitiva está influenciando a realidade da Auditoria intensificando, no cotidiano, preocupações com agregação de valor, satisfação do cliente, autoregulação, dentre outras. O fenômeno de migração de valor que acompanha o processo ocorrido, nos últimos anos, de aumento do poder dos clientes, levanta alguns questionamentos acerca da ética, independência e da intensidade da regulamentação governamental na atividade. A argumentação utilizada, neste trabalho, foi fundamentada numa visão temporal do tema, por meio de pesquisa realizada com empresas de Auditoria e respectivos clientes. Sem a pretensão de ser conclusivo, este estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre o desafio de construção de nova realidade.The audit credibility crisis, experienced not only in Brazil but also in countries like the United States and England, as well as the global environment impose the opportunity for independent auditors to revise the way in which they conduct their activities and their main professional attitudes. A more competitive dimension is influencing the reality of auditing, intensifying daily preoccupations with added value, client focus, self-regulation, among others. The phenomenon of value migration, which has accompanied the client empowerment process in recent years, gives rise to questions about independence, ethics and governmental regulation. The conceptual principles that guided this work were based on a current view on this matter and on research carried out in audit firms and their clients. Without the intention of being conclusive, this study offers a reflection about the challenge of constructing a new reality.

SU-E-T-594: Out-Of-Field Neutron and Gamma Dose Estimated Using TLD-600/700 Pairs in the Wobbling Proton Therapy System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Chen, H; Tsai, H

2015-01-01

Purpose: Secondary fast neutrons and gamma rays are mainly produced due to the interaction of the primary proton beam with the beam delivery nozzle. These secondary radiation dose to patients and radiation workers are unwanted. The purpose of this study is to estimate the neutron and gamma dose equivalent out of the treatment volume during the wobbling proton therapy system. Methods: Two types of thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters, TLD-600 ( 6 LiF: Mg, Ti) and TLD-700 ( 7 LiF: Mg, Ti) were used in this study. They were calibrated in the standard neutron and gamma sources at National Standards Laboratory. Annealing procedure is 400°C for 1 hour, 100°C for 2 hours and spontaneously cooling down to the room temperature in a programmable oven. Two-peak method (a kind of glow curve analysis technique) was used to evaluate the TL response corresponding to the neutron and gamma dose. The TLD pairs were placed outside the treatment field at the neutron-gamma mixed field with 190-MeV proton beam produced by the wobbling system through the polyethylene plate phantom. The results of TLD measurement were compared to the Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The initial experiment results of calculated dose equivalents are 0.63, 0.38, 0.21 and 0.13 mSv per Gy outside the field at the distance of 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm. Conclusion: The TLD-600 and TLD-700 pairs are convenient to estimate neutron and gamma dosimetry during proton therapy. However, an accurate and suitable glow curve analysis technique is necessary. During the wobbling system proton therapy, our results showed that the neutron and gamma doses outside the treatment field are noticeable. This study was supported by the grants from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPD1C0682)

SU-E-T-594: Out-Of-Field Neutron and Gamma Dose Estimated Using TLD-600/700 Pairs in the Wobbling Proton Therapy System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Y [College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Lin, Y [College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Chen, H [College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Tsai, H [College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University / Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China)

2015-06-15

Purpose: Secondary fast neutrons and gamma rays are mainly produced due to the interaction of the primary proton beam with the beam delivery nozzle. These secondary radiation dose to patients and radiation workers are unwanted. The purpose of this study is to estimate the neutron and gamma dose equivalent out of the treatment volume during the wobbling proton therapy system. Methods: Two types of thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters, TLD-600 ({sup 6}LiF: Mg, Ti) and TLD-700 ({sup 7}LiF: Mg, Ti) were used in this study. They were calibrated in the standard neutron and gamma sources at National Standards Laboratory. Annealing procedure is 400°C for 1 hour, 100°C for 2 hours and spontaneously cooling down to the room temperature in a programmable oven. Two-peak method (a kind of glow curve analysis technique) was used to evaluate the TL response corresponding to the neutron and gamma dose. The TLD pairs were placed outside the treatment field at the neutron-gamma mixed field with 190-MeV proton beam produced by the wobbling system through the polyethylene plate phantom. The results of TLD measurement were compared to the Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The initial experiment results of calculated dose equivalents are 0.63, 0.38, 0.21 and 0.13 mSv per Gy outside the field at the distance of 50, 100, 150 and 200 cm. Conclusion: The TLD-600 and TLD-700 pairs are convenient to estimate neutron and gamma dosimetry during proton therapy. However, an accurate and suitable glow curve analysis technique is necessary. During the wobbling system proton therapy, our results showed that the neutron and gamma doses outside the treatment field are noticeable. This study was supported by the grants from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPD1C0682)

Pattern check of TLD disc readings - an important tool to identify abnormal conditions in workplace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, S.M.; Sneha, C.; Bhattacharya, M.; Sahai, M.K.; Pradeep, Ratna; Datta, D.; Bhatnagar, Amit

2016-01-01

Personnel monitoring for external radiation using CaSO 4 :Dy based TLD badge is well established in Indian radiation protection program. TLD badge enables evaluation of occupational dose based on the pattern and values of the three disc readings. Different patterns of disc readings are obtained depending on the type and energy of radiation in the workplace. Pattern not conforming to the radiation in the workplace also called as improper pattern can be a useful tool for investigation of any deviation / abnormality in workplace or monitoring practices. The paper presents different examples of improper pattern observed in monitoring that has helped to find out the deviations in the workplace or monitoring practices. Results of the experiments conducted to simulate some of the observed pattern are also presented in the paper

Environmental radiation monitoring of nuclear sites by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duftschmid, K.E.; Strachotinsky, Ch.

1978-04-01

The measurement of environmental radiation doses around nuclear facilities requires the detection of few mrem/year. The properties of the automatic TLD-system Harshaw Mod. 2271 for such measurements have been evaluated under practical conditions and optimized techniques derived. The automatic TLD-system is based on LiF dosimeter cards with two crystals providing gamma and beta dose values. Limit of detection defined as three standard deviations of residuel dose is 1,2 mR. Automatic readout combined with electronic data evaluation are especially useful for large monitoring networks. Practical intercomparisons of this dosimeter with bulb-type CaF 2 detectors have been performed showing good agreement of both detector. Although bulb-dosimeters proved to be extremely sensitive with a limit of detection at 0,012 mR which makes them very suitable for very short exposure times, the automatic LiF system is superior in regards of man power requirement if monthly monitoring periods are sufficient. The system has been tested in practice during two international intercomparisons performed by the US Department of Energy - Health and Safety Laboratory New York and the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig, Germany, showing excellent agreement. Furthermore a routine monitoring network consisting of 12 measurement positions around the Research Center Seibersdorf has been operated with this technique since more than two years. (author)

TLD Quality Assurance (QA) network in radiotherapy and radiology in the Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroutilikova, D.; Novak, N.; Novotny, J.

2002-01-01

Full text: The Czech TLD QA network was established in 1997, as a part of the External Auditing Group (EAG) originated in 1995, in order to perform an independent quality audit in external beam therapy for two purposes: a) to unify the dose within radiotherapy departments, b) to impact state supervision. On basis of a good experience with this network in radiotherapy, new methods were developed to expand the network also to radiology in order to simplify the operation of state supervision. The TLD QA network in dental radiology has been brought into practice in 2001. Both the TLD audits performed in radiotherapy and radiology are realized via mailed dosimetry. In radiotherapy, two modes of the audit are used. Basic mode of TLD audit covers measurements under reference conditions, specifically beam calibration checks for all clinically used photon and electron beams. According to Czech regulations every beam must be checked in this way at least once during two years' period. Advanced mode consists of measurements under both reference and non- reference conditions using Leuven multi-purpose phantom for photon beams. It enables to check a substantial part of the treatment planning process inclusive of final dose realization of the planned radiotherapy. The radiotherapy centers are instructed to deliver absorbed dose of 2 Gy to the TLDs on central beam axis based on calculated treatment time or monitor units by their treatment planning system for a particular treatment set-up. In this way the TLD measured doses are compared with the calculated ones. Deviations of ±3% are considered acceptable for both basic and advanced modes of the audit, deviations up to ±6% are still tolerable, but new audit is repeated as soon as possible to solve the dosimetry problem. Deviations above ±6% leads immediately to investigation by EAG. There are 34 centers in the Czech Republic, which provide external beam radiotherapy. Since they must undergo the basic TLD audit regularly every

Measurement of exposure dose rate by TLD in 60Co garden

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan Chengfang; Li Pinfang; Wu Maoliang; Zhao Quan

1987-01-01

The use of TLD method to measure exposure dose rate in 60 Co garden is described. As compared with chemical dosimetry, the relative deviation of measurement would not exceed 10%. The good repeatability has been proved by comparing the measurements of different times and distances with correction of decay law and 1/1 2 law. Besides, the distribution of exposure dose rate was influenced by scattering of the living plants

The Dependence of the Dose Response Supralinearity of Peak 5 in TLD-100 on Recombination Temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horowitz, Y.S.; Satinger, D.; Oster, L.

1999-01-01

Isothermal readout of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-700) has recently been used to study the dependence of the supralinearity of peak 5 on recombination temperature. The results were interpreted to be in conflict with earlier results which investigated the effect of readout heating rate on the supralinearity of peak 5 in TLD-100. In this work the two experiments are inspected in greater detail. It is illustrated that the isothermal decay data is not in conflict with the heating rate data. However, the heating rate results do apparently indicate a strong transition in the temperature dependence of the relative strengths of the recombination and competitive cross sections at approximately 235 deg. C, which requires further study and analysis. (author)

Auditoria da segurança viária

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Tessele Nodari

2009-12-01

Full Text Available

A Auditoria de Segurança Viária - ASV, originada no Reino Unido na década de 80, tem por objetivo diminuir a probabilidade de ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito por meio da realização de vistorias periódicas com foco nas questões de segurança. Este artigo objetiva revisar a ASV, apresentando seus principais conceitos, objetivos, resultados alcançados, aplicabilidade, aspectos legais, custos e benefícios.

A realização de ASV no Brasil é ainda muito incipiente. Por outro lado, em países como a Inglaterra, Dinamarca, Canadá, Austrália e Nova Zelândia, que possuem índices de acidentes substancialmente menores que os brasileiros, a realização de ASV já é prática obrigatória.

A adoção da ASV possibilita economias significativas de recursos. A experiência resultante de duas décadas de condução de ASV sugere que os custos associados à sua execução representam um aumento de apenas 4 a 10% no custo total do projeto. Embora os benefícios gerados sejam de difícil quantificação, estima-se que a condução de ASV resulte em relações benefício-custo na ordem de 15:1; estimativas mais otimistas avaliam essa relação em 20:1. Essas estimativas indicam o grande potencial de retorno social e econômico decorrente da sua aplicação, o que referenda a difusão atual da prática de ASV por diversos países do mundo.

Fast neutron responses of CaF2:Tm Teflon TLD discs of different thicknesses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Hoffmann, W.

1986-01-01

The fact that in CaF 2 :Tm (TLD-300) the ratio of the heights of thermoluminescence (TL) glow peaks at 240 0 C and 150 0 C is greater for irradiations by high LET radiations than by gamma rays has been found useful for the simultaneous and separate measurement of fast neutron and gamma ray absorbed doses. A recent study has indicated that the mixed field dosimetric characteristics of CaF 2 :Tm could be significantly improved by using thin TLDs. In the present study, CaF 2 :Tm Teflon TLD discs of thickness as low as 0.05 mm were evaluated. The thin discs could be read out by using normal planchette heating if a 400 0 C heat treatment is given to the discs prior to irradiation and TL readout. Influence of encapsulation of thin dosemeters was studied and their utility in situations such as interface dosimetry is discussed. (author)

In-vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy: a comparison of the response of semiconductor and thermoluminescence (TLD700) dosemeters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vynckier, S [Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium). Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc; Greffe, J L; Loncol, T; Vanneste, F; Octave-Prignot, M; Denis, J M; De Patoul, N

1995-12-01

Semiconductor dosemeters and thermoluminescence dosemeters were calibrated in view of in-vivo dosimetry. Their response in a 8 MV photon beam and the respective correction factors for the treatment conditions were systematically studied. A total of 249 entrance and exit measurements with this dual detector combination were performed, mainly for treatments of the head and neck region. The resulting entrance and exit doses were compared with the expected doses at these positions, calculated on basis of the treatment and patient parameters. The results at the entrance showed a value of 1.010 (2.8% for the ratio of the measured to the calculated dose by diodes, 1.013) 4.9% for the ratio of the measured to the calculated dose by TLD and 1.003 (3.6% for the ratio of the measured dose by TLD to diodes. With respect the exit dose, the results were 0.998) 4.9%, 1.016 (7.7% and 1.019) 7.0% respectively after correction for the heterogeneity`s. Although the standard deviation for the TLD dosemeters is systematically larger than the standard deviation for the diodes, it is concluded that both dosemeters will yield similar results for-in-vivo dosimetry, if utilized under the same conditions.

The design philosophy for an automatic TLD system to meet current international specifications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haaslahti, J.

1986-01-01

The object of this paper is to describe the elements of a new automatic TLD system intended to meet draft IEC/ISO proposals and ANSI requirements in the USA. Dosemeter badge design is based on ICRU recommendations. The basic intent has been to produce a standard system that can measure and file raw data that can be adapted to specific user requirements with software. The system consists of a programmable automatic reader, an automatic irradiator, a computer, and dosemeters for environmental, whole body, extremity, and clinical applications. The reader uses hot nitrogen heating and photon counting, and measurement conditions may be chosen with complete freedom. The reader can produce a real-time glow curve to assist in checking performance. The irradiator has a 90 Sr- 90 Y source to permit programmed irradiation for calibration and material sensitivity checks. Cassettes are used to hold TLD cards during processing. Cassette coding both identifies samples and calls measurement parameters into use from memory. The system can be preprogrammed to measure all common materials and all common dosemeter elements (both square and round). (author)

Adequacy of annealing duration in reducing the background counts of personnel monitoring TLD cards - a study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, Kshama; Varadharajan, Geetha; Punekar, M.P.; Chougaokar, M.P.; Ayappan, P.

2010-01-01

In India, the personnel monitoring service of ∼ 70,000 radiation workers is being provided using indigenously developed TLD system comprising three CaSO 4 :Dy embedded Teflon discs. In order to remove TL and reset the distribution of defects/trapping centres, all TLD cards are subjected to an annealing treatment at elevated temperature prior to their next use. As per the standardized protocol annealing is carried out in a hot air circulating oven at 230 deg C for 4 hr, which is sufficient to reset the TL dosemeters for dose levels upto 100 mSv. In order to verify the appropriateness of annealing procedures adopted by the Laboratory, a detailed study was conducted using four sets of cards namely A, B, C and D series, exposed to various dose levels

Auditoria clínica para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad celiaca

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Marco Antonio Zúñiga Montero

2014-04-01

Full Text Available La enfermedad celíaca es una inflamación crónica de la mucosa del intestino delgado por intolerancia al gluten. Hasta hace poco se había considerado como una enfermedad infrecuente, pero con el aumento de la sospecha clínica y el advenimiento de nuevas pruebas serológicos, han permitido una mayor facilidad en el diagnóstico y aumento de los casos detectados, por lo que hoy se sabe que es una condición de alta frecuencia. Sin embargo, en Costa Rica no existe un protocolo para que los médicos realicen su diagnóstico, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación, es conocer la opinión de médicos que laboran en hospitales pertenecientes a la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social sobre la definición de la EC, sus manifestaciones y exámenes diagnósticos necesarios para descartar o confirmar la presencia de esta enfermedad y posteriormente, dar a conocer las recomendaciones dadas según las Guías de Práctica Clínica y la mejor evidencia científica sobre la realización del diagnóstico de la enfermedad celiaca. Se determinó que las Guías de Práctica Clínica y la evidencia científica coinciden en que el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad requiere del uso combinado de la clínica (lo que requiere amplio conocimiento de los distintos patrones de presentación de la enfermedad, marcadores séricos, además de una biopsia de intestino delgado. La realización de investigaciones como ésta, ayuda a superar las dificultades que interfieren en la adecuación de la práctica clínica a la evidencia científica y poner en marcha estrategias de mejora, que contribuyan al fortalecimiento y selección del mejor criterio clínico, lo que tendrá un impacto directo y positivo sobre la atención de los pacientes.

ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE DECISÃO DE CERTIFICAÇÃO DA FIRMA PARA PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS NO BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anny Kariny Feitosa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar os fatores que influenciam a decisão de certificação de pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras, utilizando uma amostra de 1.553 firmas de pequeno e médio porte, pesquisadas pelo Enterprise Surveys do Banco Mundial, durante o período de maio de 2008 a junho de 2009 no Brasil. Para tanto, estimou-se um modelo econométrico do tipo probit. Como resultados, tem-se que as variáveis que mais influenciam o aumento da probabilidade de certificação das pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras, para a amostra em estudo, são: site próprio (13%, auditoria externa (11,95% e licença de importação (10,08%. A certificação das empresas sinaliza o aumento da eficiência empresarial e aponta para um efeito positivo na internacionalização do negócio, revelando sua qualidade credencial e confiança aos olhos do consumidor.

Evaluation of the breast plan using the TLD and MOSFET for the skin dose

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Seon Myeong; Kim, Young Bum; Bak, Sang Yun; Lee, Sang Rok; Jeong, Se Young [Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-12-15

The measurement of skin dose is very important that treatment of breast cancer. On account of the cold or hot dose as compared with prescription dose, it is necessary to analyse the skin dose occurring during the various plan of the breast cancer treatment. At our hospital, we want to apply various analyses using a diversity of dosimeters to the breast cancer treatment. In the study, the anthropomorphic phantom is used to find out the dose difference of the skin(draining site), scar and others occurring from the tangential treatment plan of breast cancer. We took computed tomography scan of the anthropomorphic phantom and made plans for the treatment planing using open and wedge, Field-in-Field, Dose fluence. Using these, we made a comparative analysis of the dose date points by using the Eclipse. For the dose comparison, we place the anthropomorphic phantom in the treatment room and compared the measurement results by using the TLD and MOSFET on the dose data points. On the central point of treatment planing basis, the upward and downward skin dose measured by the MOSFET was the highest when the fluence was used. The skin dose of inner and outer was distinguished from the figure(5.7% - 10.3%) when the measurements were fulfilled by using TLD and MOSFET. The other side of breast dose was the lowest in the open beam, on the other hand, is highest in the Dose fluence plan. In the different kinds of treatment, the dose deviation of inner and outer was the highest, and so this was the same with the TLD and MOSFET measurement case. The outer deviation was highest in the TLD, and the Inner' was highest in the MOSFET. Skin dose in relation to the treatment plan was the highest in the planing using the fluence technique in general and it was supposed that the high dose had been caused by the movement of the MLC. There's some differences among the all the treatment planning, but the sites such as IM node occurring the lack of dose, scar, drain site are needed pay

Evaluation of the breast plan using the TLD and MOSFET for the skin dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Seon Myeong; Kim, Young Bum; Bak, Sang Yun; Lee, Sang Rok; Jeong, Se Young

2015-01-01

The measurement of skin dose is very important that treatment of breast cancer. On account of the cold or hot dose as compared with prescription dose, it is necessary to analyse the skin dose occurring during the various plan of the breast cancer treatment. At our hospital, we want to apply various analyses using a diversity of dosimeters to the breast cancer treatment. In the study, the anthropomorphic phantom is used to find out the dose difference of the skin(draining site), scar and others occurring from the tangential treatment plan of breast cancer. We took computed tomography scan of the anthropomorphic phantom and made plans for the treatment planing using open and wedge, Field-in-Field, Dose fluence. Using these, we made a comparative analysis of the dose date points by using the Eclipse. For the dose comparison, we place the anthropomorphic phantom in the treatment room and compared the measurement results by using the TLD and MOSFET on the dose data points. On the central point of treatment planing basis, the upward and downward skin dose measured by the MOSFET was the highest when the fluence was used. The skin dose of inner and outer was distinguished from the figure(5.7% - 10.3%) when the measurements were fulfilled by using TLD and MOSFET. The other side of breast dose was the lowest in the open beam, on the other hand, is highest in the Dose fluence plan. In the different kinds of treatment, the dose deviation of inner and outer was the highest, and so this was the same with the TLD and MOSFET measurement case. The outer deviation was highest in the TLD, and the Inner' was highest in the MOSFET. Skin dose in relation to the treatment plan was the highest in the planing using the fluence technique in general and it was supposed that the high dose had been caused by the movement of the MLC. There's some differences among the all the treatment planning, but the sites such as IM node occurring the lack of dose, scar, drain site are needed pay

Auditoría Integral al área de comercialización de la Corporación Verpaintcorp Cía. Ltda. en el período 2012

OpenAIRE

Lucero Romero, Edita Azucena

2014-01-01

El desarrollo de los informes de auditoría financiera, de control interno, de cumplimiento y de gestión, nos permite obtener un antecedente suficiente para la consolidación de todos éstos resultados en el informe de auditoría integral o llamado también de aseguramiento. La Auditoría Integral, comprende totalitariamente una organización; sin embargo, se puede analizar también, íntegramente, a un componente o un área definida. Involucra a la Auditoria Financiera, Auditoria de Control Interno, ...

Use of lead aprons - further considerations of estimation of doses and conditions of acute exposures of TLD badge in diagnostic x-ray institutions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Chatterjee, S.

2003-01-01

In the recent study the authors reported that the exposure conditions of the use of the TLD badge, whether worn under or over the lead apron could be estimated from the readout of the TLD badge used in X-ray diagnostic departments. The effectiveness of lead aprons procured from different suppliers having the same value of quoted nominal lead equivalence was found to vary severely and this indicated some limitation in the applicability of the method of evaluation of exposure conditions of the badge. The transmission factors for the lead aprons varied up to a factor of 15 for the same value of quoted nominal lead equivalence procured from three different suppliers. This is of serious consequences in radiation protection and attracts attention for quality control. An error in the estimation of the exposure conditions of the TLD badge could lead to an underestimation of doses up to 4 times using the prevalent method. The estimation of the actual doses of radiation workers in the cases of over-exposures for the situations of the use of the TLD badge over the lead apron showed that the variation in the quality of lead aprons could be wrong in the range from 1.6 to 25 times even if the kVp of the machine is exactly known. Therefore, attempt should not be made to estimate the actual doses under lead apron from the readout of the TLD badge worn over the apron, as the real values of the transmission factors of the aprons and kVp of the X-ray machine may not be available. (author)

Study of the influence of the time temperature profile on the minimum detectable dose of TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meireles, Leonardo S.; Lacerda, Marco Aurelio S.; Meira-Belo, Luiz C.; Ferreira, Hudson R., E-mail: meirelesls@cdtn.br, E-mail: masl@cdtn.br, E-mail: lcmb@cdtn.br, E-mail: hrf@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2013-07-01

Monitoring of workers and workplaces is an integral part of any radiation protection programme (RPP). It is essential to demonstrate compliance with regulations that limit the allowable dose to the public from manmade sources and to enable the responsible of the installations to verify compliance with the legal dose limits to the workers and ALARA goals. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) are generally employed to assess the environmental and personnel doses. To completely characterize a TLD dosimetry system is fundamental to determine the Lowest Dose that the system is capable of measuring. As the amount of the light emitted by TLD material is a function of the time temperature profile (TTP), in the present study, the influence of the TTP on the Detection Threshold (MDD) of the LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) detectors was evaluated. Eighteen different TTPs were tested for two different annealing processes: (I) utilization of the TTP itself and; (II) a microprocessor controlled oven annealing procedure. Results showed that TTP choice can influence significantly in the MDD values. The worst results were generally found for TLDs annealed by the TTP itself. The lack of pattern or the unexpected behavior to the influence of some parameters of the TTP on the calculated MDDs must be carefully investigated. Greater variations on the TTP parameters must be undertaken. Special attention must be also done on the methodology of calculating the MDDs. (author)

Study of the influence of the time temperature profile on the minimum detectable dose of TLD-100

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meireles, Leonardo S.; Lacerda, Marco Aurelio S.; Meira-Belo, Luiz C.; Ferreira, Hudson R.

2013-01-01

Monitoring of workers and workplaces is an integral part of any radiation protection programme (RPP). It is essential to demonstrate compliance with regulations that limit the allowable dose to the public from manmade sources and to enable the responsible of the installations to verify compliance with the legal dose limits to the workers and ALARA goals. Thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) are generally employed to assess the environmental and personnel doses. To completely characterize a TLD dosimetry system is fundamental to determine the Lowest Dose that the system is capable of measuring. As the amount of the light emitted by TLD material is a function of the time temperature profile (TTP), in the present study, the influence of the TTP on the Detection Threshold (MDD) of the LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) detectors was evaluated. Eighteen different TTPs were tested for two different annealing processes: (I) utilization of the TTP itself and; (II) a microprocessor controlled oven annealing procedure. Results showed that TTP choice can influence significantly in the MDD values. The worst results were generally found for TLDs annealed by the TTP itself. The lack of pattern or the unexpected behavior to the influence of some parameters of the TTP on the calculated MDDs must be carefully investigated. Greater variations on the TTP parameters must be undertaken. Special attention must be also done on the methodology of calculating the MDDs. (author)

A Pb-TLD spectrometer to measure high energy photons in z-pinch experiments on the primary test stand

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Si, Fenni; Yang, Jianlun; Xu, Rongkun; Yuan, Xi; Huang, Zhanchang; Ye, Fan; Wang, Dong; Zhang, Chuanfei

2017-01-01

Highlights: • A Pb-TLD spectrometer has been developed to measure spectra of high energy photons in wire-array z pinches on PTS. • Energy spectra of high energy photons on PTS has been firstly obtained by unfolding programs developed with MATLAB code. • The energy of high energy x-ray on PTS is obtained to be mainly within the region of 100 keV to 1.3 MeV. - Abstract: A Pb-TLD spectrometer has been developed based on attenuation techniques to measure high energy photons in wire-array z-pinch experiments on the primary test stand (PTS). It is composed of a stack of 18 lead filters interspersed with 19 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). A shield is constructed for the spectrometer and scattered radiation is reduced to less than 5% by the shield. Response functions of the spectrometer are calculated by MCNP5 for 0–2 MeV photons. Based on response functions and 19 dose data measured in experiments, energy spectra of high energy photons on PTS has been firstly obtained by unfolding programs developed with MATLAB code using iterative least square fit. Results show that energy peak locates within 200 keV and 300 keV, and the fluence decreases to background level at energy higher than 1.3 MeV.

A Pb-TLD spectrometer to measure high energy photons in z-pinch experiments on the primary test stand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Si, Fenni; Yang, Jianlun; Xu, Rongkun; Yuan, Xi; Huang, Zhanchang; Ye, Fan; Wang, Dong; Zhang, Chuanfei, E-mail: sifenni@163.com

2017-05-15

Highlights: • A Pb-TLD spectrometer has been developed to measure spectra of high energy photons in wire-array z pinches on PTS. • Energy spectra of high energy photons on PTS has been firstly obtained by unfolding programs developed with MATLAB code. • The energy of high energy x-ray on PTS is obtained to be mainly within the region of 100 keV to 1.3 MeV. - Abstract: A Pb-TLD spectrometer has been developed based on attenuation techniques to measure high energy photons in wire-array z-pinch experiments on the primary test stand (PTS). It is composed of a stack of 18 lead filters interspersed with 19 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). A shield is constructed for the spectrometer and scattered radiation is reduced to less than 5% by the shield. Response functions of the spectrometer are calculated by MCNP5 for 0–2 MeV photons. Based on response functions and 19 dose data measured in experiments, energy spectra of high energy photons on PTS has been firstly obtained by unfolding programs developed with MATLAB code using iterative least square fit. Results show that energy peak locates within 200 keV and 300 keV, and the fluence decreases to background level at energy higher than 1.3 MeV.

Measurements of environmental background radiation levels by TLD in and around the Jahangirnagar University Campus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mollah, A.S.; Aleya Begum; Idris Miah, M.; Yunus, Afrozi

1997-01-01

The background radiation levels at 30 locations in and around the Jahangirnagar University Campus (JUC) were measured using a LiF(TLD-100) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). In addition, dose rates at three pre-selected locations were measured on a monthly as well as quarterly basis for one year period (July 1993 - June 1994). The dose rate ranges from 1016 to 2167 μSv.y -1 (101.6 to 216.7 mrem.y -1 ) with a mean value of 1595 μSv.y -1 (159.5 mrem.y -1 ). These values are comparable with those of pre- and post-operational values for the reactor site. The estimated average annual effective dose equivalent to the inhabitants at the study areas was found to be 1276 μSv (127.6 mrem). Variation of background radiation level with meteorological parameters, namely, temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and pressure was also studied. The influence on the dose rate of the meteorological parameters was observed. (author)

An approach to an analysis of the energy response of LiF-TLD to high energy electrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiragai, A.

1977-01-01

Responses of LiF-TLD to high energy electrons relative to 60 Co γ-rays were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The Burlin et al. theory (Burlin, T.E., Snelling, R.J., and Owen, B., 1969, in Proc.2nd Symp. on Microdosimetry, Stresa, Italy; Brussels: Commission of European Communities; p.455), its modified version by Almond and McCray (Almond, P.R., and McCray, K., 1970, Phys.Med.Biol., vol.15, 335 and 746) and the Holt et al. semi-empirical theory (Holt, J.G., Edelstein, G.R., and Clark, T.E., 1975, Phys.Med.Biol., vol.20, 559) were examined in comparison with each experiment. An approximate approach to theoretical analysis of energy response of LiF-TLD was attempted and compared with some experimental results. (author)

Environmental monitoring system with TLD; Sistema de monitoreo ambiental con TLD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguerre, L.; Carelli, J.; Gregori, B. [Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear Argentina (Argentina)]. e-mail: laguerre@cae.arn.gov.ar

2006-07-01

Presently work the methodology used by the Laboratory of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (RNA) to gauge it system of environmental monitoring in function of the media absorbed dose rate in free air and the environmental dose equivalent, H{sup *}(10), according to the recommendation ICRU Report 47 is described. It was studied the response of the environmental dosemeter (DA) in fields of photonic radiation of energies W60, Wl 10, W200 and {sup 137} Cs. The irradiations were carried out following the recommendations of the standard ISO:4037. It was analyzed the response in the DA of the detectors LiF: Mg, Ti and CaF{sub 2}: Dy for the different radiation qualities and the relative response at {sup 137} Cs of both. The methodology used in the evaluation of the dose includes: the correction of the readings of both detectors by fading, gotten experimentally, the witness of transfers, the energy answer and the value of the zero. The dose is calculated applying the average pondered in uncertainty of the dose obtained for each type of detector. Its were analyzed and calculated the uncertainties that affect to the measurement following the recommendation of the Argentine standard IRAM 35050. The detection limit of the absorbed dose rate in free air of this system it is 3.5 n Gy/h for a period of sampling of 3 months. With this detection limit environmental dose equivalent rates of the order of 70 n Sv/h are measured with an expanded uncertainty of the order of 10% with a cover factor k = 2. (Author)

Dosimetry Measurements around the Angiography Units Using Thermoluminescence Detectors (TLD)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salah El-den, T.; Shahein, A.Y.; Gomaa, M.A.

2008-01-01

The thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are widely used not only in the field of personnel monitoring (dosimetry) service for ionizing radiation to medical, and research communities, but also for measurements of X-rays emitted from different angiography's unit. Measurements ionizing radiation around the bed area during cardiac catheterization procedures using X-rays was measured. TLD Badges used to determine the annual effective doses, the safe distance for the staff to minimize radiation exposure and the effectiveness of shield and used leaded apron. The results indicated that annual effective dose for by angiography cardiac Catheterization room may exceed the limits

TLD gamma-ray energy deposition measurements in the zero energy fast reactor ZEBRA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knipe, A.D.

1977-01-01

A recent study of gamma-ray energy deposition was carried out in the Zebra reactor at AEE Winfrith during a collaborative programme between the UKAEA and PNC of Japan. The programme was given the title MOZART. This paper describes the TLD experiments in the MOZART MZB assembly and discusses the technique and various corrections necessary to relate the measured quantity to the calculated energy deposition

TLD postal dose quality audit service for Co-60 beams in reference conditions in Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutierrez Lores, S.; Walwyn Salas, G.; Alonso Villanueva, G.

2008-01-01

This report presents the methodology and experience of the Cuban's Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory for the implementation of postal dose quality audits service for Co-60 beams in reference conditions, using TLDs. Under coordinated research project (Contract 10794) were bought (TLD -100) Tl rods type JR 1152F made in China, with dimensions of 6 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm. All of these rods were identified individually with a consecutive number made over one of its sides, using a fine tip of graphite. The method used to determinate the individual sensibility of the TL detectors was: irradiating a group of them, with the same history of irradiation and readout (100 rods approximately), four serial times in the same geometrical conditions, to read them out and to attribute to each of them a sensitivity factor. This sensitivity factor is equal to average for the 4 cycle of irradiation and readout of the quote between the TL readout from dosimeter i and the mean of all values for each cycle. The TLD signal was read using HARSHAW 2000C/B reader. The results obtained in the external verification of the accuracy of the dose determination by the TLD system were performed in cooperation with IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory at Seibersdorf in different years are shown, the results obtained of the quality audits carried out to the different services of radiotherapy of the country are analysed also. The quality audits are an useful tool for the improvement of the accuracy in the dosimetry of clinical beams of radiotherapy with Co-60, contributing this way to the improvement of the life quality to cancer patients of the Cuban system of health. (author)

La armonización contable y de la auditoría en la Unión Europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Barrantes Barrantes

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Este articulo ¡lustra la situación de las profesiones contable y auditora en la Unión Europea Se parte de una breve htstona de la gestación de la Unión Europea, continuando con los órganos rectores y los medios documentales-jurídicos con los que se instrumenta su organización. Se muestra seguidamente cómo se encuentran institucionalizadas la profesión contable y la auditoria en los países de la Unión y se analizan las causas que originan diferencias de criterios y usos contables en dichos países Consecuentemente con este análisis, se expresan comparativamente las directivas de la propia Unión (Octava Directiva, con la doctrina y las normas internacionales de auditoria, las propuestas para llevar a cabo una armonización eficiente y eficaz de la auditoria en la Unión Europea. Finalmente, se efectúa una exposición sobre cómo nacer realidad en el futuro la armonización contable y de la auditoria en la Unión.

New advanced TLD system for space dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feher, I.; Szabo, B.; Vagvoelgyi, J.; Deme, S.; Szabo, P.P.; Csoeke, A.

1983-10-01

A new version of the TLD reader type PILLE has been developed for space applications. The earlier compact and portable device could also be used for measurements during space flights but its range was limited. A new bulb detector with easier handling has also been developed with an upper limit of linear dose response of 10 Gy. The range of this new and more versatile reader, NA206S, (1μGy-10 Gy) is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the earlier system; it also has increased sensitivity and decreased mass. It can be used not only in space applications but also for environmental monitoring or even in accident dosimetry. The measured dose value is displayed on a four-digit display with automatic range switch. Another new version, the NA206E, has been developed for environmental dosimetry; it can be operated from a battery or from the mains. (author)

The intercomparison of 137Cs irradiator output measurement and personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), using TLD and film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nazaroh; Susetyo Trijoko; Sri Inang Sunaryati

2010-01-01

Intercomparison of output measurement of 137 Cs irradiator and personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) using TLD and film have been carried out in the year of 2006 to 2008. According to IAEA recommendation, intercomparison is one of audit activities but it is performed in the spirit of collaboration and support rather than in the spirit of inspection. The aim of intercomparison of output measurement of 137 Cs irradiator is to verify the dose stated by the participant laboratories. Intercomparison is also to assess the competency of the participant, to keep traceability and consistency of measurement result, to assure that instrument work correctly and the result of evaluation was in agreement, and also for fulfilling one of the clauses of ISO-17025-2005. Besides that, this intercomparison aimed to facilitate link between the system and members of national measurement and transfer of experience in measurement technique and dose evaluation of radiation. The benefit of intercomparison is important among others as tests of proficiency in dose evaluation or measurement, upgrading quality of service and for obeying supervisor body legislation (BAPETEN). TLD was used as a means of output 137 Cs irradiator measurement, whereas film and TLD were used for dose intercomparison. This paper presented result of intercomparison of output measurement and evaluation of personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) in the year of 2006 to 2008 followed by 6 participants: Balai Pengamanan Fasilitas Kesehatan (BPFK) Jakarta, Medan, Surabaya, Makasar, PTLR and Laboratory of Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Lingkungan (KKL)-PTKMR BATAN. In this intercomparison, the dose of TLD stated by participant were compared with the dose measured by Radiation Metrology Laboratory (LMR), and the results showed the differences were within 10 %, so it was satisfied. The results of intercomparison of personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) were evaluated based on ISO/IEC Guide 43-1, 1997 analysis and expressed as E n . The values of E n

Development and evaluation of new semi-automatic TLD reader software

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pathan, M.S.; Pradhan, S.M.; Palani Selvam, T.; Datta, D.

2018-01-01

Nowadays, all technology advancement is primarily focused on creating the user-friendly environment while operating any machine, also minimizing the human errors by automation of procedures. In the present study development and evaluation of new software for semi-automatic TLD badge reader (TLDBR-7B) is presented. The software provides an interactive interface and is compatible with latest windows OS as well as USB mode of data communication. Important new features of the software are automatic glow curve analysis for identifying any abnormality, event log register, user defined limits on TL count and time of temperature stabilization for readout interruption and auto reading resumption options

Desarrollo una metodología para estandarizar las auditorias del software para sistemas de control y protección del ferrocarril

OpenAIRE

Gioia, Cintia; Maidana, Carlos; Pomar, Pablo; Ureta, Walter; Eterovic, Silvina; Donadello, Domingo F.; Eterovic, Jorge

2014-01-01

El software es un elemento clave en todos los sistemas que se utilizan actualmente en la gestión de las organizaciones, en particular los sistemas de control, incluidos los de seguridad crítica, tales como los de control y protección de las aplicaciones ferroviarias, en los que una falla puede causar daños irreparables a personas y/o al entorno. Ésta dependencia ha hecho que el nivel de fiabilidad requerido para este tipo de software sea muy alto. La forma de conseguir un software de calid...

Explicações para a divulgação voluntária ambiental no Brasil utilizando a análise de regressão em painel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suliani Rover

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo no estudo aqui apresentado foi identificar os fatores que determinam a divulgação voluntária ambiental pelas empresas brasileiras potencialmente poluidoras. Para tanto, foram analisa- das as Demonstrações Financeiras Padronizadas (DFPs e os Relató- rios de Sustentabilidade (RS do período de 2005 a 2007 das empresas abertas com ações listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa e pertencentes a setores de alto impacto ambiental, que compreendem extração e tratamento de minerais; metalúrgico; químico; papel e celulose; indústria de couros e peles; transporte, terminais, depósitos e comércio (de combustíveis, derivados de petróleo e produtos químicos. Com o intuito de explicar a evidenciação ambiental divulgada pelas empresas investigadas, foram formuladas sete hipóteses testadas a partir de instrumentos de análise estatística. Essas hipóteses referem-se a fatores individuais das empresas, que englobam tamanho, rentabilidade, endividamento, empresa de auditoria, sustentabilidade, internacionalização e publicação do RS. Os resultados mostram que, nos três anos analisados, as 57 empresas que compõem a amostra do estudo evidenciaram um total de 6.182 sentenças ambientais, 73% delas divulgadas nos RS e 27% nas DFPs. A análise de regressão em painel demonstrou que as variáveis tamanho da empresa, empresa de auditoria, sustentabilidade e publicação do RS são relevantes a um nível de significância de 5% para a explicação do disclosure voluntário de informações ambientais. Concluiu-se que os achados da pesquisa corroboram a teoria positiva da contabilidade, e parcialmente a teoria da legitimidade.

Difficulty in estimation of dose for the abnormal patterns of the TLD disc readings - need investigation and improvement in work practices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Madhumita, B.; Ande, C.D.; Sneha, C.; Bakshi, A.K.; Datta, D.

2018-01-01

TLD badge based on CaSO 4 :Dy detector used for external radiation monitoring of occupational workers of radiation facilities in India plays a vital role in radiation protection program. Energy and type of radiation in the work-field can be well identified from the dose evaluation algorithm. Algorithm developed earlier use the set of disc ratio from the three disc readings of the TLD badge to arrive at the dose and the type of radiation. Algorithm fails to estimate the dose for the abnormal patterns. The paper discusses the root cause of the abnormal patterns and investigation followed to arrive the estimation of dose

TLD Postal service for quality audits of beams of Co-60 in reference conditions in Cuba

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gutierrez L, S.; Walwyn S, G.; Alonso V, G.

2006-01-01

Purpose: To describe the methodology and experience of the Secondary Laboratory of Dosimetric Calibration of Cuba in the establishment of the TLD Postal Service for quality audits of beams of Co-60 in reference conditions. Materials and methods: Through the Coordinated Project of Research (Contract 10794) its was bought 200 solid thermoluminescent detectors of LiF: Mg, Ti (TLD-100) in micro bars form with dimensions of 6 x 1 x 1 mm and of the JR 1152F type manufactured in China. All these detectors were identified individually with a serial number on one of its faces, using a graphite fine sheet. Those detectors for its irradiation are introduced in cylindrical plastic capsules developed and used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the Audit Postal Service of Dose IAEA/WHO, the capsules have one cavity equal to 3 mm for that is necessary to recover this cavity with a fine plastic tube so that the detectors remain immobile during the irradiation. The method used to determine the individual sensitivity of the thermoluminescent detectors is: to irradiate a detectors group (100 micro bars) 4 times in those same geometric conditions, with the same irradiation history and reading, then it is determine for each detector a sensitivity factor equal to the average of those readings obtained for the 4 irradiation cycles for each i detector among the average of all the reading values obtained during the 4 cycles. The thermoluminescent signal is obtained with a Harshaw 2000C/B reader manual. Results: The satisfactory results obtained in the verification of the calibration of the TLD system, using the reference irradiation service of the Seibersdorf Dosimetry Laboratory of the IAEA in three different years are shown. The results of the audits carried out to the different radiotherapy services of the country in different years are also presented. Conclusions: The experience with the detectors acquired in the project demonstrates that with an appropriate

Test of an albedo neutron dosimetry system: TLD calibration and readout procedure, neutron calibration, dosimetry properties, routine application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Piesch, E.; Burgkhardt, B.

1988-03-01

The two-component albedo dosemeter in use consists of an universal boron-loaded plastic encapsulation, the beta and albedo neutron windows of which are adopted to the corresponding TLD system of the manufacturers Alnor, Harshaw, Panasonic and Vinten. Beside the TLD detectors the capsule may contain also track etch detectors. Within a BMU project the system was investigated by four governmental measurement services in the FRG with respect to its qualification for personnel monitoring with emphasis in the readout and calibration procedures for the TLD system, the evaluation technique for the estimation of the photon and neutron dose equivalent in routine monitoring and the calibration of the personnel dosemeter in stray neutron fields. The test has shown the readiness of the system to act in the application areas of nuclear power reactors and linacs behind heavy shieldings, in the fuel element cycle, use of fissile materials, criticality, use of radionuclide sources, high energy particle accelerators. The uncertainty due to energy dependence was found to be within a factor of 2 for a single application area. In the case of irradiations from the front half space the dose equivalent H'(10) is indicated sufficiently independent of the direction of the radiation incidence. After completion of the test the albedo dosemeter became the official neutron personnel dosemeter in the FRG. It allows the separate estimation of the dose equivalent of hard beta radiation, photon radiation and neutrons. (orig./HP) [de

N2 gas station and gas distribution system for TLD personnel monitoring gas based semi-automatic badge readers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chourasiya, G.; Pradhan, S.M.; Kher, R.K.; Bhatt, B.C

2003-01-01

Full text: New improvised hot gas based Auto TLD badge reader has several advantages over the earlier contact heating based manual badge reader. It requires constant supply of N 2 gas for its operation; The gas supplied using replaceable individual gas cylinders may have some safety hazards in their handling. It was therefore considered worthwhile to setup a N 2 gas assembly/ station outside the lab area and to bring regulated gas supply through network of tubes with proper regulation to the individual readers. The paper presents detailed description of the gas station and distribution system. The system is quite useful and offers several practical advantages for readout of TLD badges on the semiautomatic badge readers based on gas heating. Important advantage from dosimetric point of view is avoidance of gas flow rate fluctuations and corresponding variations in TL readouts

Unfolding neutron spectra with BS-TLD system using genetic algorithms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Joelan A.L., E-mail: jasantos@cnen.gov.br [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Energia Nuclear; Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE/CNEN-PE), Recife, PE (Brazil); Silva, Everton R. [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Centro de Informatica; Ferreira, Tiago A.E. [Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Estatistica e Informatica; Fonseca, Evaldo S. [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Vilela, Eudice C., E-mail: ecvilela@cnen.gov.br [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE/CNEN-PE), Recife, PE (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Due to the variability of neutron spectrum within the same environment, it is essential that the spectral distribution as function of energy to be characterized. To perform this task, the neutron spectrometer has a primary role in determining the neutron flux ({Phi}{sub E}(E)). Precise information allows radiological quantities establishment related to that spectrum but it is necessary, however, a series of steps with a spectrometric system that can cover a large interval of energy and whose answer is isotropic. The most widely used for accomplishing this task is the spectrometric Bonner spheres system. One of the biggest problems related to neutron spectrometry is the process of data analysis, known as unfolding. Most of the work undertaken to implement new techniques of this process, using data obtained with the scintillator {sup 6}LiI(I). However, characteristics related to the dead time make it not be so effective when used in high flow neutron fields. An alternative to this problem is the use of thermoluminescent detectors (TLD), but the codes used do not provide a more specific response matrix to unfolding the information obtained through these materials, which makes the development of a specific response matrix important to adequately characterize the response obtained by them. This paper proposes using a technique of artificial intelligence called genetic algorithm, which uses bio-inspired mathematical models and through the implementation of a specific matrix to unfolding data obtained from a combination of TLDs embedded in a system of Bonner spheres, such as thermal neutron detectors, to characterize the neutron spectrum as a function of energy. The results obtained with this method were in accordance with reference spectra, thus enables of this technique to unfolding neutrons spectra with BS-TLD system. (author)

Unfolding neutron spectra with BS-TLD system using genetic algorithms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Joelan A.L.; Silva, Everton R.; Vilela, Eudice C.

2011-01-01

Due to the variability of neutron spectrum within the same environment, it is essential that the spectral distribution as function of energy to be characterized. To perform this task, the neutron spectrometer has a primary role in determining the neutron flux (Φ E (E)). Precise information allows radiological quantities establishment related to that spectrum but it is necessary, however, a series of steps with a spectrometric system that can cover a large interval of energy and whose answer is isotropic. The most widely used for accomplishing this task is the spectrometric Bonner spheres system. One of the biggest problems related to neutron spectrometry is the process of data analysis, known as unfolding. Most of the work undertaken to implement new techniques of this process, using data obtained with the scintillator 6 LiI(I). However, characteristics related to the dead time make it not be so effective when used in high flow neutron fields. An alternative to this problem is the use of thermoluminescent detectors (TLD), but the codes used do not provide a more specific response matrix to unfolding the information obtained through these materials, which makes the development of a specific response matrix important to adequately characterize the response obtained by them. This paper proposes using a technique of artificial intelligence called genetic algorithm, which uses bio-inspired mathematical models and through the implementation of a specific matrix to unfolding data obtained from a combination of TLDs embedded in a system of Bonner spheres, such as thermal neutron detectors, to characterize the neutron spectrum as a function of energy. The results obtained with this method were in accordance with reference spectra, thus enables of this technique to unfolding neutrons spectra with BS-TLD system. (author)

A TLD-based personal dosemeter system for air crew monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hajek, M.; Berger, T.; Vana, N.

2003-01-01

Full text: Due to the complex spectrum of different particles and energies involved, in-flight radiation dosimetry is usually associated with extensive instrumentation. The exposure of air crew personnel to cosmic radiation is paid serious attention, being further enhanced by the release of the European Council Directive 96/29/Euratom which makes the surveillance of crew members an obligatory issue. The high temperature ratio (HTR) method for small and easy-to-handle LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters was developed at the Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities and fulfils these demands by permitting the determination of dose equivalent in radiation fields of unknown composition. The method uses the relative intensity of glow peaks 6 and 7 compared with the dominant peak 5 in the LiF Tl emission as an indication for the average LET and, thus, the mean quality factor of the radiation field. Extensive experiments in various ion beams established a HTR vs. LET calibration curve for the commercially available Tl phosphors TLD-600 and TLD-700. Additionally, the different neutron sensitivity of both types may be exploited for the determination of the dose equivalent delivered from neutrons which dominate at aviation altitudes. However, it is essential that the calibration of the Tl detectors is performed in a neutron environment of similar spectral shape as that encountered in flight. In our case, this constraint was satisfied by the CERN-EU High-Energy Reference Field (CERF). Results of both neutron and total dose equivalent for several different north-bound and trans-equatorial routes are presented, ranging from 2.1 ± 0.1 μSv/h with a 30 % neutron contribution for Vienna-Sydney to 4.9 ± 0.2 μSv/h and a roughly 55 % neutron contribution for Vienna-Tokyo. The measured route doses are compared with CARI-6M calculations. (author)

Interpretation of TLD data measured in the vicinity of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czarnecki, J.; Baggenstos, M.; Schuler, J.; Voelkle, H.

1981-01-01

It is shown that incorporating the location-specific characteristics of natural radiation into the interpretation of the surrounding measurements makes some valuable contributions to the improvement of the measuring quality of thermoluminescent enviromental dosimetry. This brings the possibility to determine the net dose of the additional man-made radiations (e.g. caused by the nuclear power plant) with better accuracy. The authors propose a method of analysing the measured results which enables one to include the measured data from the evidence finding phase in the interpretation of the environment monitoring-TLD-measurement (orig./DG) [de

Brazilian two-component TLD albedo neutron individual monitoring system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martins, M.M., E-mail: marcelo@ird.gov.b [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD), Av. Salvador Allende, s/n, CEP: 22780-160, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Mauricio, C.L.P., E-mail: claudia@ird.gov.b [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD), Av. Salvador Allende, s/n, CEP: 22780-160, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Fonseca, E.S. da, E-mail: evaldo@ird.gov.b [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD), Av. Salvador Allende, s/n, CEP: 22780-160, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Silva, A.X. da, E-mail: ademir@con.ufrj.b [Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia, COPPE/PEN Caixa Postal 68509, CEP: 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2010-12-15

Since 1983, Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria, Brazil, uses a TLD one-component albedo neutron monitor, which has a single different calibration factor specifically for each installation type. In order to improve its energy response, a two-component albedo monitor was developed, which measure the thermal neutron component besides the albedo one. The two-component monitor has been calibrated in reference neutron fields: thermal, five accelerator-produced monoenergetic beams (70, 144, 565, 1200 and 5000 keV) and five radionuclide sources ({sup 252}Cf, {sup 252}Cf(D{sub 2}O), {sup 241}Am-Be, {sup 241}Am-B and {sup 238}Pu-Be) at several distances. Since January 2008, mainly Brazilian workers who handle neutron sources at different distances and moderation, such as in well logging and calibration facilities are using it routinely.

TLD-300 detectors for separate measurement of total and gamma absorbed dose distributions of single, multiple, and moving-field neutron treatments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rassow, J.

1984-01-01

Fast neutron therapy requirements, because of the poor depth dose characteristic of present therapeutical sources, are at least as complex in treatment plans as photon therapy. The physical part of the treatment planning is very important; however, it is much more complicated than for photons or electrons owing to the need for: Separation of total and gamma absorbed dose distributions (Dsub(T) and Dsub(G)); and more stringent tissue-equivalence conditions of phantoms than in photon therapy. Therefore, methods of clinical dosimetry for the separate determination of total and gamma absorbed dose distributions in irregularly shaped (inhomogeneous) phantoms are needed. A method using TLD-300 (CaF 2 :Tm) detectors is described, which is able to give an approximate solution of the above-mentioned dosimetric requirements. The two independent doses, Dsub(T) and Dsub(G), can be calculated by an on-line computer analysis of the digitalized glow curve of TLD-300 detectors, irradiated with d(14)+Be neutrons of the cyclotron isocentric neutron therapy facility CIRCE in Essen. Results are presented for depth and lateral absorbed dose distributions (Dsub(T) and Dsub(G)) for fixed neutron beams of different field sizes compared with measurements by standard procedures (TE-TE ionization chamber, GM counter) in an A-150 phantom. The TLD-300 results for multiple and moving-field treatments (with and without wedge filters) in a patient simulating irregularly shaped (inhomogeneous) phantoms, are shown together with computer calculations of these dose distributions. The probable causes for some systematic deviations are discussed, which lead to open problems for further investigations owing to features of the detector material and the evaluation method, but mainly to differences in the composition of phantom materials used for the calculations (standard dose distributions) and TLD-300 measurements. (author)

Relative thermoluminescent efficiencies proton/gamma and helium/gamma of high temperature peaks in TLD-100 dosemeters; Eficiencias termoluminiscentes relativas proton/gamma y helio/gamma de picos de alta temperatura en dosimetros TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores M, E.; Avila, O.; Rodriguez V, M. [ININ, 52750 La Marquesa, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Massillon, J.L.G.; Buenfil A, E.; Ruiz T, C.; Brandan, M.E. [IFUNAM, 04500 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Gamboa De Buen, I. [ICN-UNAM, 04500 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2007-07-01

This work presents measures of relative thermoluminescent efficiency of those high temperature peaks of TLD-100 dosemeters exposed to protons of 1.5 MeV and to helium nuclei of 3 and 7.5 MeV. A rigorous reading and of deconvolution protocol was used for the calculation of the TL efficiencies. Additionally an Excel program that facilitated the deconvolution adjustment process of the glow curves was elaborated. (Author)

A Realização da Flexibilização Trabalhista pelas Instituições Trabalhistas em Geral e em Particular pela Auditoria-Fiscal do Trabalho

OpenAIRE

Alessandro Severino Valler Zenni; Paulo Ricardo Vijande Pedrozo

2015-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a existência de instituições trabalhistas que editam e/ou aplicam a legislação e o direito do trabalho no Brasil, em especial a Auditoria-Fiscal do Trabalho, que detêm protagonismo na realização da flexibilização trabalhista no país. É objetivo deste trabalho também estudar a relação entre o direito do trabalho e os direitos da personalidade, e em que medida se justificaria a flexibilização trabalhista protagonizada com o novel projeto sobre a terceiriza...

Las normas de auditoria informática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Dagoberto Pinilla F.

1994-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo económico general de los países y el acelerado proceso de informatización de la sociedad a escala mundial, exigen metodologías de control organizadas y permanentemente actualizadas. De ahí que la función de auditoría informática deba estar debidamente apoyada en parámetros normativos que aseguren niveles deseables de confiabilidad en los resultados de los procesos. En este artículo se presentan los requisitos normativos que la comunidad internacional de auditores ha precisado para el ejercicio profesional. en términos de normas profesionales, para la ejecución del trabajo y para la rendición de informes.

Taxonomia de distorções contábeis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Humberto da Cruz Cunha

2017-05-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n49p127 Discute o uso de uma taxonomia de distorções contábeis provenientes de erros e fraudes, voltada para o uso dos auditores na análise dos riscos e escolha dos procedimentos de auditoria. Sua elaboração segue as orientações conceituais da classificação facetada, por meio de levantamento conceitual em pesquisa bibliográfica. A taxonomia apresentada possui como categorias fundamentais as fases da informação, aspectos essenciais, afirmações, ciclos de recursos, subciclos de recursos, distorções contábeis e afirmações (objetivos de auditoria. É apresentada a metodologia de elaboração da taxonomia, bem como a sua aplicabilidade na auditoria contábil como instrumento de organização da informação e do conhecimento. Conclui que, a partir dos exemplos utilizados, é possível afirmar que a taxonomia orienta a análise das distorções como uma trilha de auditoria, padronizando os conceitos identificados na linguagem natural em uma estrutura de classificação padronizada.

Use of TL - dosimeters of TLD - 500K type for precision estimation of spatial distributions of mixed dose fields in 'Ukryttia' conditions

CERN Document Server

Lagutin, I G; Ershova, N N

2003-01-01

In some works being currently carried out in ISTC 'Ukryttia' divisions within the framework of 'Complex program of works at 'Ukryttia' object', a necessary arose to estimate local values of radiation dose fields of mixed type (beta + gamma). The most convenient tool for estimation of local values of long - term integrals of such doses are dosimeters fabricated on the basis of thermoluminescent detectors (TLD) having small sensitive volume under sufficient radiating capacity, convenient performance and high reproducibility of results. It was offered to use TL - detectors of TLD-500K type on the basis of sapphire monocrystal (alpha-Al sub 2 O sub 3).

Evaluating secondary neutron doses of a refined shielded design for a medical cyclotron using the TLD approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, Jye-Bin; Tseng, Hsien-Chun; Liu, Wen-Shan; Lin, Ding-Bang; Hsieh, Teng-San; Chen, Chien-Yi

2013-01-01

An increasing number of cyclotrons at medical centers in Taiwan have been installed to generate radiopharmaceutical products. An operating cyclotron generates immense amounts of secondary neutrons from reactions such the 18 O(p, n) 18 F, used in the production of FDG. This intense radiation can be hazardous to public health, particularly to medical personnel. To increase the yield of 18 F-FDG from 4200 GBq in 2005 to 48,600 GBq in 2011, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (CSMUH) has prolonged irradiation time without changing the target or target current to meet requirements regarding the production 18 F. The CSMUH has redesigned the CTI Radioisotope Delivery System shield. The lack of data for a possible secondary neutron doses has increased due to newly designed cyclotron rooms. This work aims to evaluate secondary neutron doses at a CTI cyclotron center using a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD-600). Two-dimensional neutron doses were mapped and indicated that neutron doses were high as neutrons leaked through self-shielded blocks and through the L-shaped concrete shield in vault rooms. These neutron doses varied markedly among locations close to the H 2 18 O target. The Monte Carlo simulation and minimum detectable dose are also discussed and demonstrated the reliability of using the TLD-600 approach. Findings can be adopted by medical centers to identify radioactive hot spots and develop radiation protection. - Highlights: • Neutron doses were verified using TLD approach. • Neutron doses were increased at cyclotron centers. • Revised L-shaped shield suppresses effectively the neutrons. • Neutron dose can be attenuated to 1.13×10 6 %

Performance testing of the environmental TLD system for the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station.

Science.gov (United States)

Toke, L F; Carson, B H; Baker, G G; McBride, M H; Plato, P A; Miklos, J A

1984-05-01

Panasonic UD-801 thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLDs ) containing two calcium sulfate phosphors were tested under Performance Specification 3.1 established by the American National Standard Institute ( ANSI75 ) and in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.13 ( NRC77 ). The specific qualifying tests included TLD uniformity, reproducibility, energy dependence and directional dependence. The overall measurement uncertainties and associated confidence levels are within the prescribed guidelines defined in the qualifying requirements for environmental TLDs .

Os impactos da implementação de controles internos, auditoria e compliance no combate e prevenção à lavagem de dinheiro no Brasil - doi: 10.4025/enfoque.v31i3.15616

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evelyse N. Chaves de Amorim

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse estudo é verificar quais os impactos da implementação de controles internos, auditoria e compliance na prevenção e combate à lavagem de dinheiro no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, descritiva e exploratória com análise quantitativa quanto aos procedimentos efetuados e qualitativa com relação à análise dos resultados. Acredita-se que mais de U$ 1 trilhão são lavados por organizações criminosas por ano, e as instituições financeiras são apontadas como alvo desse crime. Desde então, a partir da Lei n. 9.613/98 diversos normativos foram emitidos pelos órgãos reguladores dos setores alvo, com vistas a implementar mecanismos de controles. Por estudar o ciclo anterior a prisão dos criminosos que praticam a lavagem de dinheiro, relacionou-se a evolução no número de investigados e condenados, após a implementação das práticas de controles internos, auditoria e compliance exigidas. Constatou-se que o COAF produziu desde a sua criação cerca de 6,8 mil Relatórios de Inteligência Financeira, com  mais de 112,2 mil comunicações vinculadas e cerca de 51,2 mil pessoas relacionadas. Ainda, como resultado da efetiva atuação do COAF realizada após as comunicações dos setores alvo, cita-se R$ 1,2 bilhões de valores bloqueados pela Justiça, a partir das informações de inteligência financeira, em 2009 e o aumento nas condenações que em alguns anos chegou a 503%. Dessa forma, verifica-se que tais números apontam os impactos da implementação de controles internos, auditoria e compliance pelos setores alvo.

Characterization of TLD-100 in powders for dosimetric quality control of {sup 192} Ir sources used in brachytherapy of high dose rate; Caracterizacion de TLD-100 en polvo para control de calidad dosimetrico de fuentes de Ir{sup 192} usadas en braquiterapia de alta tasa de dosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loaiza C, S.P

2007-07-01

The Secondary Standard Dosimetric at the National Institute of Nuclear Research (ININ) calibrated a lot of powdered TLD-100 (LiF:Mg,Ti) in terms of absorbed dose to water D{sub w} for the energy of: {sup 60}Co, {sup 137C}s, X rays of 250 and 50 kVp. Later on, it is carried out an interpolation of the calibration for the energy of the {sup 192}Ir. This calibration is part of a dosimetric quality control program, to solve the problems of traceability for the measurements carried out by the users of {sup 192}Ir sources employed in the treatments of High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR) at the Mexican Republic. The calibrations of the radiation beams are made with the following protocols: IAEA TRS-398 for the {sup 60}Co for D{sub w}, using a secondary standard ionization chamber PTW N30013 calibrated in D{sub w} by the National Research Council (NRC, Canada). AAPM TG-43 for D{sub w} in terms of the strength kerma Sk, calibrating this last one quantity for the {sup 137}Cs radioactive source, with a well chamber HDR 1000 PLUS traceable to the University of Wisconsin (US). AAPM TG-61 for X ray of 250 and 50 kVp for D{sub w} start to Ka using field standard a Farmer chamber PTW 30001 traceable to K for the Central Laboratory of Electric Industries (CLEI, France). The calibration curves (CC) they built for the response of the powder TLD: R{sub TLD} vs D{sub w}: For the energy of {sup 60}Co, {sup 137}Cs, X rays of 250 and 50 kVp. Fitting them with the least square method weighed by means of a polynomial of second grade that corrects the supra linearity of the response. iii. Each one of the curves was validated with a test by lack of fitting and for the Anderson Darling normality test, using the software MINITAB in both cases. iv. The sensibility factor (F{sub s}) for each energy corresponds to the slope of the CC, v. The F{sub s} for the two {sup 192}Ir sources used are interpolated: one for a Micro Selectron source and the other one a Vari Source source. Finally, a couple of

Estimation of uncertainty in TLD calibration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasabelrasoul, H. A.

2013-07-01

In this study thermoluminescence dosimeter TLD was use of individual control devices to make sure the quality assurance and quality control in individual monitoring. The uncertainty measured in reader calibration coefficients for tow reader and uncertainty in radiation dose after irradiate in SSDL laboratory. Fifty sample was selected for the study was placed in the oven at a temperature of 400 for an hour to get zero or background and took zero count by or background and took zero count by reader (1) and reader (2) and then irradiate in SSDL by cesium-137 at a dose of 5 mGy and laid back in the oven at degrees 100 and degrees 10 minutes, to 10 chips for calibration and readout count by reader one and reader two. The RCF was found for each reader above 1.47 and 1.11, respectively, and found the uncertainty RCF was found for each reader above 1.47 and 1.11, respectively, and found the uncertainly RCF 0.430629 and 0.431973. Radiation dose was measured for fifty samples irradiate to dose of 5 mGy and read the count by reader 1 and reader 2 the uncertainty was found for each reader 0.490446 and 0.587602.(Author)

Neutron-photon mixed field dosimetry by TLD-700 glow curve analysis and its implementation in dose monitoring for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boggio, E. F.; Longhino, J. M. [Centro Atomico Bariloche, Departamento de Fisica de Reactores y Radiaciones / CNEA, Av. E. Bustillo Km 9.5, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina); Andres, P. A., E-mail: efboggio@cab.cnea.gov.ar [Centro Atomico Bariloche, Division Proteccion Radiologica / CNEA, Av. E. Bustillo Km 9.5, R8402AGP San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina)

2015-10-15

BNCT is a cancerous cells selective, non-conventional radiotherapy modality to treat malignant tumors such as glioblastoma, melanoma and recurrent head and neck cancer. It consists of a two-step procedure: first, the patient is injected with a tumor localizing drug containing a non-radioactive isotope (Boron-10) with high slow neutron capture cross-section. In a second step, the patient is irradiated with neutrons, which are absorbed by the Boron-10 agent with the subsequently nuclear reaction B- 10(n,a)Li-7, thereby resulting in dose at cellular level due to the high-Let particles. The neutron fields suitable for BNCT are characterized by high neutron fluxes and low gamma dose. Determination of each component is not an easy task, especially when the volume of measurement is quite small or inaccessible for a miniature ionization chamber, for example. A method of measuring the photon and slow neutron dose(mainly by N-14 and B-10) from the glow curve (GC) analysis of a single {sup 7}LiF thermoluminescence detector is evaluated. This method was suggested by the group headed by Dr. Grazia Gambarini. The dosemeters used were TLD-600 ({sup 6}LiF:Mg,Ti with 95.6% {sup 6}Li) and TLD-700 ({sup 7}LiF:Mg,Ti with 99.9% {sup 7}LiF) from Harshaw. Photon dose measurement using the GC analysis method with TLD-700 in mixed fields requires the relation of the two main peaks of a TLD-600 GC shape obtained from an exposition to the same neutron field, and a photon calibrated GC with TLD-700. The requirements for slow neutron dose measurements are similar. In order to properly apply the GC analysis method at the Ra-6 Research Reactor BNCT facility, measurements were carried out in a standard water phantom, fully characterized on the BNCT beam by conventional techniques (activation detectors and paired ionization chambers technique). Next, the method was implemented in whole body dose monitoring of a patient undergoing a BNCT treatment, using a Bo MAb (Bottle Manikin Absorption) phantom

Comparison of wrist and head TLD doses with whole body TLD doses during high active jobs at RAPS-5 and 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Ravi Kant; Abhishek, Neel; Kakkar, Amandeep; Kumar, Rajesh

2016-01-01

In nuclear power plant radiation dose monitoring and assessment is done to control the individual dose and station collective doses. While performing a radioactive job on systems or equipment with significant radiation levels of non uniform and beaming radiation; there is potential of localized exposure to extremities hands in particular and lens of the eye in comparison to other body parts. Keeping in view of this, separate equivalent dose limit to the extremities (hands and feet) and lens of the eye are defined by ICRP. A study has been carried out during Biennial Shutdown (BSD) of RAPS-6 in the month of October-2015 to establish the correlation between the doses received by chest TLDs which is being used to estimate the effective whole body dose of the radiation worker and the doses received in wrist TLD and head TLDs which are being used to monitor the equivalent dose received by hands and lens of the eye with applying a suitable correction factor

Thermoluminescent relative efficiencies of TLD-100 for nitrogen ions respect of gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Concha S, K.; Avila, O.; Gamboa de Buen, I.; Rodriguez V, M.; Buenfil, A.E.; Ruiz T, C.; Brandan, M.E.

2004-01-01

The purpose of this work is to measure the thermoluminescent relative efficiency of those TLD-100 dosemeters irradiated with nitrogen ions with respect to the gamma radiation of 60 Co, in function of the linear energy transfer (LET). Two energy of such nitrogen ions were selected that has the same value from LET when impacting in the dosemeters but with E 1 energy (4.8 MeV) and E 2 (9.95 MeV) smaller and greater respectively that the energy of the Bragg peak. (Author)

Operational comparison of TLD albedo dosemeters and etched-track detectors in the PuO2-UO2 mixed oxide fuel fabrication facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsujimura, N.; Takada, C.; Yoshida, T.; Momose, T.

2005-01-01

Full text: The authors carried out an operational study that compared the use of TLD albedo dosemeters with etched-track detector in plutonium environments of Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, Tokai Works. A selected group of workers engaged in the fabrication process of MOX (PuO 2 -UO 2 mixed oxide) fuel wore both TLD albedo dosemeters and etched-track detectors over a period from 1991 to 1993. The TLD albedo dosemeter is the Panasonic model UD-809P and the etched-track detector is the NEUTRAK (polyallyl diglycol carbonate + 1mm-t polyethylene radiator) commercially available from Nagase-Landauer Ltd. Both dosemeters were issued and read monthly. It was found that the TL readings were generally proportional to the counted etch-pits, and thus the dose equivalent results obtained from TLD albedo dosemeter agreed with those from etched-track detector within a factor of 1.5. This result indicates that, in the workplaces of the MOX plants, the neutron spectrum remained almost constant in terms of time and space, and the appropriate range of field-specific correction with spectrum variations could be small in albedo dosimetry. In addition, the calibrations of both dosemeters in the workplaces and in a bare and moderated 252 Cf calibration field were performed for quantitative validation for the results from the operational comparison. In the former experiments, locations were selected that were representative of typical neutron measurements according to the prior neutron spectra measurements with the multi-sphere spectrometer. In the latter experiments, the workplace environments were simulated by using a 252 Cf source surrounded with cylindrical steel/PMMA moderators. From both experiments, the relationship between TL readings and counted etch-pits with neutron spectrum variation was determined. As expected, the relationship obtained from the simulated workplace field calibration reproduced that from the operational comparison. (author)

TLD personnel monitoring dose estimation- extending the upper limit of the dose range

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popli, K.L.; Sathian, Deepa; Divakaran, T.; Massand, O.P.

2001-01-01

TLD personnel monitoring was introduced in the year 1975 in India and at present nearly 41,000 radiation workers are being monitored by 13 monitoring laboratories all over India. The BARC- TLD being used for personnel monitoring is based on CaSO 4 :Dy embedded in PTFE and semi-automatic TL reader using hot N 2 Gas for heating the dosimeters. This reader has the range to measure γ dose from ten μSv to 3 μSv and x-ray dose form 1 μ Sv to 0.3 Sv due to the higher sensitivity of CaSO 4 : Dy to lower energy photons (20keV-50 keV) generated by diagnostic x-ray units. The x-ray radiation workers are at present nearly 35% of the total radiation workers monitored and this number is expected to grow as more and more number of x-ray workers are covered under this service. The upper limit of the x-ray dose range of the instrument is 0.3 Sv, whereas in the past one year it has been observed that at least 25% of the total overexposures reported in case of x-ray workers have recorded the dose more than 0.3 Sv. This paper presents the technique developed to extend the upper limit of the range from 0.3 Sv to 1 Sv for x-rays and 10 Sv for γ rays

Design of photon energy compensation filters for the new four element CaSO4:Dy TLD badge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mishra, D.R.; Kulkarni, M.S.; Pradeep, Ratna; Kannan, S.

2001-01-01

A new four element TLD badge using CaSO 4 :Dy is being developed for the estimation of personal dose equivalents Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) and to discriminate them in the mix field (low energy x-ray and high energy γ-ray). Design of energy compensation filters for the new TLD badge is discussed. The total metal filter thickness is kept less than 1 mm. The first and second elements of the badge are planned to be open and plastic (≅180 gm/cm 2 ) window. For the third element a combination of 0.2 mm Sn + 0.7mm Cu + 0.1 mm Al with mass thickness ≅ 1100 mg/cm 2 is proposed which gives energy dependent response similar to Hp(10) within ± 20% (above 80 keV). For the fourth dosimeter a filter combination of 0.4 mm Al + 0.07 mm Sn is proposed which gives Hp(10)xR response for diagnostic x-rays within ± 10% in the mix field. (author)

Lateral vibration behavior analysis and TLD vibration absorption design of the soft yoke single-point mooring system

Science.gov (United States)

Lyu, Bai-cheng; Wu, Wen-hua; Yao, Wei-an; Du, Yu

2017-06-01

Mooring system is the key equipment of FPSO safe operation. The soft yoke mooring system is regarded as one of the best shallow water mooring strategies and widely applied to the oil exploitation in the Bohai Bay in China and the Gulf of Mexico. Based on the analysis of numerous monitoring data obtained by the prototype monitoring system of one FPSO in the Bohai Bay, the on-site lateral vibration behaviors found on the site of the soft yoke subject to wave load were analyzed. ADAMS simulation and model experiment were utilized to analyze the soft yoke lateral vibration and it was determined that lateral vibration was resonance behaviors caused by wave excitation. On the basis of the soft yoke longitudinal restoring force being guaranteed, a TLD-based vibration damper system was constructed and the vibration reduction experiments with multi-tank space and multi-load conditions were developed. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed TLD vibration reduction system can effectively reduce lateral vibration of soft yoke structures.

Glow-peak stability in 6LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-600) exposed to a Fe-ion beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasuda, Hiroshi

2001-01-01

The stability of glow peaks in 6 LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-600) exposed to a high-energy Fe-ion beam was examined in comparison to 137 Cs γ-ray irradiation under changing annealing conditions. The peak areas induced by the Fe ions were much smaller than those by γ-rays. The sizes and positions of peaks 3-5 in Fe-ion irradiated samples were hardly changed after post-annealing at 100 deg C x 30 min, regardless of the pre-annealing conditions (fast quenching or subsequent pre-annealing at 100 deg C x 2 h). Whereas, the peaks in γ-ray irradiated samples were notably affected by post-annealing; the peak positions and peak-area sizes changed in different ways depending on the pre-annealing conditions. The effects of post-annealing on peak 6 were identical for Fe ions and γ-rays. These facts suggest that peaks 3-5 in TLD-600 comprised both stable and unstable luminescent centers, and that the latter part would be easily depleted in highly dense ionization. (author)

Determinantes da qualidade da informação contábil em grandes companhias abertas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geovanne Dias de Moura

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que influenciam na qualidade da informação contábil das maiores empresas listadas na BM&Bovespa. Método: Pesquisa realizada em uma amostra composta por 100 companhias abertas. A qualidade da informação foi analisada por meio de um índice desenvolvido por Fathi (2013, composto por 78 itens e que contemplam informações obrigatórias e voluntárias. Os fatores determinantes observados foram governança corporativa, empresa de auditoria, existência de comitê de auditoria, concentração acionária, investidores institucionais e internacionalização da empresa. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram um índice médio de evidenciação equivalente a 78%. A maioria das companhias estavam listadas em níveis diferenciados de governança; eram auditadas por big four e possuíam Comitê de Auditoria. O percentual médio de concentração acionária foi 41,37%; em 44% delas havia investidores institucionais no quadro acionário; e apenas 19% negociavam ações em bolsa americana. Em relação aos fatores determinantes, verificou-se que o fato de a empresa ser auditada por big four; possuir Comitê de Auditoria; possuir participação acionária de investidores institucionais; e negociar ações em bolsa americana reflete-se em informações divulgadas de melhor qualidade. Contribuições: Os achados fornecem evidências adicionais para a literatura existente, além de serem relevantes para os diversos usuários das informações contábeis, tais como analistas e investidores.

Monte Carlo determination of the infinite matrix dose rate correction factors for 250 μm quartz and TLD500 chip

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baly, L.; Martín, G.; Quesada, I.; Padilla, F.; Arteche, R.

2015-01-01

A new approach based on the Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the infinite matrix dose rate correction factors of gamma, beta and internal conversion radiations for 250 μm diameter grains of quartz and TLD500 chips. Here, the dependence of the correction factor on the radiation energy is initially calculated for each type of emitted particle and with this result the correction factors for the 232 Th and 238 U series and 40 K are determined. This analysis is made for dry soil and also for different levels of water content in it. The obtained beta correction factors for quartz are in good agreement with those previously reported. For the TLD500 chip certain differences with previously reported data are found. The analysis of the gamma water correction factor for quartz based on Zimmerman equation shows the correspondence with the similar correction factor for electrons. In the case of TLD500 chip a gamma water correction factor value of 1.0 was found. - Highlights: • A new approach based on Monte Carlo simulation is used to compute infinite matrix dose rate correction factors. • Infinite matrix models with real dimensions were analyzed within 3% uncertainties. • The dependence of grain size attenuation on particle energy is determined. • The same dependence for water correction factors is also analyzed

A quality control program for the thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) in personnel radiation monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seo, Kyung Won; Kim, Jang Lyul; Lee, Sang Yoon; Lee, Hyung Sub

1994-01-01

High quality radiation dosimetry is essential for workers who rely upon personal dosemeters to record the amount of radiation to which they are exposed. The ministry of science and technology (MOST) issued a ministerial ordinance (No 199-15) about the technical criteria on personnel dosimeter processors on 1992. The purpose of this quality control program is to prescribe the procedures approved by the management of KAERI for implementing a quality badge service by means of TLD for personnel working in an area where they may be exposed to ionization radiation. (Author) 10 refs

Dosimetric comparison on tissue interfaces with TLD dosimeters, L-alanine, EDR2 films and Penelope simulation for a Co-60 source and linear accelerator in radiotherapy; Comparacion dosimetrica en interfaces de tejidos con dosimetros TLD, L-alanina, peliculas EDR2 y simulacion Penelope para una fuente de Co-60 y acelerador lineal en radioterapia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vega R, J. L.; Cayllahua, F.; Apaza, D. G.; Javier, H., E-mail: josevegaramirez@yahoo.es [Universidad Nacional de San Agustin, Departamento de Fisica, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa (Peru)

2015-10-15

Percentage depth dose curves were obtained with TLD-100 dosimeters, EDR2 films and Penelope simulation at the interfaces in an inhomogeneous mannequin, composed by equivalent materials to the human body built for this study, consisting of cylindrical plates of solid water-bone-lung-bone-solid water of 15 cm in diameter and 1 cm in height; plates were placed in descending way (4-2-8-2-4). Irradiated with Co-60 source (Theratron Equinox-100) for small radiation fields 3 x 3 cm{sup 2} and 1 x 1 cm{sup 2} at a surface source distance of 100 cm from mannequin. The TLD-100 dosimeters were placed in the center of each plate of mannequin irradiated at 10 Gy. The results were compared between these measurement techniques, giving good agreement in interfaces better than 97%. This study was compared with the same characteristics of another study realized with other equivalent materials to human body not homogeneous acrylic-bone-cork-bone-acrylic. The percentage depth dose curves were obtained with mini-dosimeters L-alanine of 1 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height and 3.5 to 4.0 mg of mass with spectrometer band K (EPR). The mini-dosimeters were irradiated with a lineal accelerator PRIMUS Siemens 6 MV. The results of percentage depth dose of L-alanine mini-dosimeters show a good agreement with the percentage depth dose curves of Penelope code, better than 97.7% in interfaces of tissues. (Author)

Performance analysis of the TNO TLD individual monitoring service

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dijk, J.W.E. van; Julius, H.W.

1990-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyse the performance and to establish the lowest detectable occupational dose (LDOD) of the TNO TL dosemeter, in use for large scale routine individual monitoring since 1983. The TNO individual monitoring service uses three TLD reader systems and over 45000 TL dosemeters, designed to measure H s (0.07) and H p (10). Each reader system is normalised daily and each individual dosemeter is calibrated every ten readout cycles. The performance of the service is monitored by a double blind experimental set-up. A series of 10 routine dosemeters is issued every fortnight, mailed, exposed by staff not involved in the monitoring service, sent back and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that the lowest detectable occupational dose is less than 0.04 mSv and that the integrated dose at the level of the annual dose limit is measured within 2%. (author)

Environmental monitoring system with TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguerre, L.; Carelli, J.; Gregori, B.

2006-01-01

Presently work the methodology used by the Laboratory of Thermoluminescent Dosimetry (TLD) of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (RNA) to gauge it system of environmental monitoring in function of the media absorbed dose rate in free air and the environmental dose equivalent, H * (10), according to the recommendation ICRU Report 47 is described. It was studied the response of the environmental dosemeter (DA) in fields of photonic radiation of energies W60, Wl 10, W200 and 137 Cs. The irradiations were carried out following the recommendations of the standard ISO:4037. It was analyzed the response in the DA of the detectors LiF: Mg, Ti and CaF 2 : Dy for the different radiation qualities and the relative response at 137 Cs of both. The methodology used in the evaluation of the dose includes: the correction of the readings of both detectors by fading, gotten experimentally, the witness of transfers, the energy answer and the value of the zero. The dose is calculated applying the average pondered in uncertainty of the dose obtained for each type of detector. Its were analyzed and calculated the uncertainties that affect to the measurement following the recommendation of the Argentine standard IRAM 35050. The detection limit of the absorbed dose rate in free air of this system it is 3.5 n Gy/h for a period of sampling of 3 months. With this detection limit environmental dose equivalent rates of the order of 70 n Sv/h are measured with an expanded uncertainty of the order of 10% with a cover factor k = 2. (Author)

Comparative study of thermoluminescent properties of LiF: Mg, Cu, P, LiF: Mg, Ti and TLD-100 irradiated with X-rays

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azorin, J.; Rivera, T.; Gonzalez, P.; Ortega, X.; Ginjaume, M.

2000-01-01

The thermoluminescent properties (Tl) of LiF: Mg, Cu, P, and LiF: Mg, Ti, were investigated both developed in Mexico and comparing them with the properties of TLD-100 when they are exposure to X-rays. The Tl curve of LiF: Mg, Cu, P exhibited two peaks at 200 and 300 Centigrade. Its response Tl in function of dose resulted linear in the interval of 0.5 Gy until 5 Gy and its sensitivity to X-ray was around 25 times greater that of the TLD-100. Also it was measured the Tl response of the three materials in function of photon energy. The results showed that LiF: Mg, Cu, P has potential to be used as X-ray dosemeter. (Author)

Response of TLD badge for the estimation of exposure conditions in diagnostic x-ray departments - use of lead aprons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Chatterjee, S.; Bakshi, A.K.

2002-01-01

The present study was undertaken to ascertain the conditions of exposure of the TLD badge and to evaluate the inaccuracy involved in the estimation of dose received by the worker using an averaged lead apron transmission factor for the use of the badge above lead apron

NRE102/2: Resoluci??n del Rectorado de la Universidad de Granada por la que se aprueba la programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el ejercicio 2016.

OpenAIRE

Universidad de Granada

2016-01-01

Resoluci??n de la Rectora de la Universidad de Granada, de 28 de enero de 2016, por la que se aprueba la programaci??n del Plan de Control Interno, auditorias y otras actividades a desarrollar por la Oficina de Control Interno durante el ejercicio 2016. Se incluye la Memoria de Actividades y un seguimiento del Plan Anueal de Control Interno.

Experimental comparison of profiles of acquired small fields with ionization chambers, diodes, radiochromic s and TLD films; Comparacion experimental de perfiles de campos pequenos adquiridos con camaras de ionizacion, diodos, peliculas radiocromicas y TLD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Venencia, D.; Garrigo, E. [Instituto Privado de Radioterapia, Obispo Oro 423, X5000BFI Cordoba (Argentina); Filipuzzi, M. [Instituto Balseiro, Centro Atomico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo 9500, 8400 Bariloche - Rio Negro (Argentina); Germanier, A., E-mail: devenencia@radioncologia-zunino.org [Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos, Santa Maria de Punilla, 5164 Cordoba (Argentina)

2014-08-15

The use of radiation small fields, introduced by new techniques, can bring a considerable uncertainty in the precision of the acquired profiles, due to the conditions of lateral electronic non-equilibrium and the perturbations introduced by the detectors (volume effect and alteration of the charged particles flowing) [Das et al., 2007]. The development of new miniature detectors looks to diminish the uncertainty created by the material and the size of the sensitive volume of the dosimeter. For this reason, comparative measurements for three sizes of square field were carried out (20 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm, of side) using a detectors series: 3 ionization chambers (PTW-31003, IBA-CC04, PTW-31016), 2 diodes (PTW-60012, IBA-Sfd), thermoluminescent detectors micro-cubes of 1 mm of edge (TLD-700) and radiochromic s films EBT-3. These last two were used as reference detectors, due to their spatial high resolution and similar performance with Monte Carlo simulations [Francescon et al., 1998]. So much the thermoluminescent detectors as the radiochromic films resolved the profiles in a similar way. Both diodes responded correctly, but the rest of the detectors overestimated the gloom of the fields, which allows conclude that the used TLD (and both diodes) can resolve field sizes correctly, usually utilized in radio-surgery, without producing significant alterations in the acquired data. (author)

Relative thermoluminescent efficiencies proton/gamma and helium/gamma of high temperature peaks in TLD-100 dosemeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flores M, E.; Avila, O.; Rodriguez V, M.; Massillon, J.L.G.; Buenfil A, E.; Ruiz T, C.; Brandan, M.E.; Gamboa De Buen, I.

2007-01-01

This work presents measures of relative thermoluminescent efficiency of those high temperature peaks of TLD-100 dosemeters exposed to protons of 1.5 MeV and to helium nuclei of 3 and 7.5 MeV. A rigorous reading and of deconvolution protocol was used for the calculation of the TL efficiencies. Additionally an Excel program that facilitated the deconvolution adjustment process of the glow curves was elaborated. (Author)

TLD DRD dose discrepancy: role of beta radiation fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munish Kumar; Pradhan, S.M.; Bihari, R.R.; Bakshi, A.K.; Chougaonkar, M.P.; Babu, D.A.R.; Gupta, Anil

2014-01-01

Ionization chamber based direct reading/pocket dosimeters (DRDs), are used along with the legal dosimeters (thermoluminescent dosimeters-TLDs) for day to day monitoring and control of radiation doses received by radiation workers. The DRDs are routinely used along with the passive dosimeters (TLDs) in nuclear industry at different radiation installations where radiation levels could vary significantly and the possibility of receiving doses beyond investigation levels by radiation workers is not ruled out. Recently, recommendations for dealing with discrepancies between personal dosimeter systems used in parallel were issued by ISO. The present study was performed to measure the response of ionization chamber based pocket dosimeters to various beta sources having energy (E max ) ranging from 0.224 MeV-3.54 MeV. It is expected that the above study will be useful in resolving the disparity between TLD and DRD doses at those radiation installations where radiation workers are likely to be exposed simultaneously from photons and beta particles

Personal and environmental dosimetric measurements using TLD method in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory (CathLab) at the Rzeszow's Regional Hospital No 2, Poland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kisielewicz, K.; Truszkiewicz, A.; Wach, S.; Budzanowski, M.

2007-01-01

Complete test of publication follows. One of the basic problem in CathLab is the monitoring of ionizing radiation, calculations of doses for workers and finally to build a system to prevent workers from X-ray radiation. To measure doses from X-rays a passive method with thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) were applied. Experimental part was based on creating 3D grid of Tl environmental dosemeters with 2 high sensitive TL detectors based on MCP-N (LiF:Mg,Cu,P). Dosemeters were placed evenly (as far as staff's work conditions allowed such positioning) in operating room and a control room. Grid of about 100 dosemeters was designed to measure X-ray dose distribution present during interventional cardiology procedures. That part of the project was especially important for hospital's employee, because it has brought an information about most radiative dangerous areas of each room. Patient dosimetry measurements have been also made using TLD method just during the interventional cardiology procedures. Every patient got a few dosemeters dor different parts of body. Experimental part consists of measurements of absorbed dose equivalent, mean dose rate of absorbed dose equivalent, and mean dose of effective dose per each body part. That last measurements were accomplished by placing TLD's near patient's head, chest and gonads. Personal dosimetry for employees, has been made using TLD's during hemodynamics procedures. Every employee (medical doctors, nurses, technicians and charwoman) has received few dosemeters also based on high sensitive MCP-N detectors. The main dosimetry was done for whole body covered by led gown and additionally for unprotected parts: (hands, arm, eyes and protected by gown: chest, gonads). For individual dosimetry Hp(10) in mSv was calculated, while using environmental dosemeters KERMA in air in mGy. This work will present results obtained from ca. 100 environmental placed in CathLab room. Additionally personal doses for whole body and for parts of

On the determination of the post-irradiation time from the glow curve of TLD-100

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weinstein, M.; German, U.; Dubinsky, S.; Alfassi, Z.B.

2003-01-01

The ratio of peak 3 to the sum of peaks 4 + 5 in TLD-100 was measured for various pre-irradiation and post-irradiation time periods, under conditions characteristic of routine personal dosimetry. It was confirmed that the value of this ratio depends only on the elapsed time between the prior readout and the present one, independent of the moment when the irradiation took place during the total time interval (storage time). This effect indicates that fading of peak 3 seems to be due mainly to changes in the unoccupied traps, and not to decay of trapped charges, being almost independent of the presence of electrons or holes in the traps. This observation leads to the conclusion that the suggestions in the past to use the decay of peak 3 in TLD-100 for the measurement of the elapsed time between irradiation and readout may have been wrong. On the other hand, the decay of peak 2 can be used to measure the elapsed time from irradiation, since the rate of decay is different when related to pre-irradiation and post-irradiation times, indicating a much higher decay rate of the trapped charges (Randall-Wilkins decay). However, because of the fast decay rate of peak 2, its use for determination of the elapsed time since irradiation is of little practical significance. (author)

Calibration of TLD badge to photons of energies above 6 MeV encountered in nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pradhan, A.S.; Bakshi, A.K.

1999-01-01

Response of CaSO 4 :Dy Teflon discs based TLD badge has been evaluated for radiation fields having photons of energy above 6 MeV, often encountered in nuclear power plants. Gamma ray response of the TLD disc under metal filter in the badge (used for evaluation of gamma ray doses) was found to increase by about 10% to photons above 6 MeV as compared to the response for reference calibration to 60 Co gamma rays. Response of discs under the open window and the plastic filter was found to be only 40-60% of that under metal filter. Thus, while measurement of whole body dose is not affected seriously, the estimation of beta dose in the mixed fields of high energy gamma rays and beta rays could be in serious error. In the above fields for situations having beta doses of about 1.65 times the gamma ray doses, the present use of dose evaluation will record beta dose as zero, a serious under estimation of beta ray doses. Study also provides an explanation to an anomalous situation where reading under window or plastic filter is much less than that under metal filter. These aspects of personal dosimetry need attention. (author)

Assessment of radiation exposure of nuclear medicine staff using personal TLD dosimeters and charcoal detectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jimenez, F.; Garcia-Talavera, M.; Pardo, R.; Deban, L. [Valladolid Univ., Dept. de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias (Spain); Garcia-Talavera, P.; Singi, G.M.; Martin, E. [Hospital Clinico Univ., Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Salamanca (Spain)

2006-07-01

Although the main concern regarding exposure to ionizing radiation for nuclear medicine workers is external radiation, inhalation of radionuclides can significantly contribute to the imparted doses. We propose a new approach to assess exposure to inhalation of {sup 131}I based on passive monitoring using activated charcoal detectors. We compared the inhalation doses to the staff of a nuclear medicine department, based on the measurements derived from charcoal detectors placed at various locations, and the external doses monitored using personal TLD dosimeters. (authors)

Assessment of radiation exposure of nuclear medicine staff using personal TLD dosimeters and charcoal detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jimenez, F.; Garcia-Talavera, M.; Pardo, R.; Deban, L.; Garcia-Talavera, P.; Singi, G.M.; Martin, E.

2006-01-01

Although the main concern regarding exposure to ionizing radiation for nuclear medicine workers is external radiation, inhalation of radionuclides can significantly contribute to the imparted doses. We propose a new approach to assess exposure to inhalation of 131 I based on passive monitoring using activated charcoal detectors. We compared the inhalation doses to the staff of a nuclear medicine department, based on the measurements derived from charcoal detectors placed at various locations, and the external doses monitored using personal TLD dosimeters. (authors)

Application of the Cavity theory in the calibration of the powder TLD-100 for energies of 60 Co, 137 Cs, 192 Ir and RX 50, 250 k Vp

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loaiza C, S.P.; Alvarez R, J.T.

2006-01-01

A powder lot TLD-100 (LiF:Mg,Ti) in absorbed dose terms in water D w for the following radiation sources: 60 Co, 137 Cs and RX 50 and 250 k Vp is calibrated; to continuation is made a lineal interpolation of the TLD response in function of the effective energy of the sources to calibrate a source of 192 Ir. The calibration of those fields in D w are carried out with aid of the Bragg-Gray cavity theory, the one which finds implicit in the following protocols: IAEA-TRS 398 for the 60 Co and the AAPM TG61 for X Rays of 50 and 250 k Vp. Additionally the AAPM protocol TG43 to determine the D w in function of the kerma intensity S k in the case of the 137 Cs is used. The calibration curves for the response of the TLD-100 R TLD vs D w , corresponding to each one of the sources already mentioned are constructed. The R TLD vs D w by least heavy square by means of a second order polynomial that corrects the supralineality of the response is adjusted. The curves are validated by lack of LOF adjustment and by the Anderson Darling normality test. Later the factors of sensitivity (F s ) for the sources of 192 Ir: Micro Selectron and Vari Source are interpolated, used respectively in the A and B hospitals for treatments of brachytherapy of high dose rate (HDR), the expanded uncertainties associated to the D w and F s are also determined. Finally, an acrylic phantom and a couple of capsules are already sent to the hospitals mentioned, to verify a nominal D w of 2 Gy, in a case an underestimate in 5.5% in the imparted D w and in other an overestimation in a range of -1.5 to -8.0% was obtained. The obtained results in this work establish the bases for the development of a national dosimetric quality control program for brachytherapy of HDR with sources of 192 Ir. (Author)

Comparison between indicators dosimetric released by teams and estimates by dosimetry TLD in the mammography of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rot San Juan, M. J.; Martinez Gomez, L. C.; Gilarranz Moreno, R.; Milanes Gaillet, A. I.; Adaimi Hernandez, P.; Delgado rodriguez, J. M.

2013-01-01

With the incorporation of new technology, computers have indicators of dose for this magnitude. In this work we will compare to the mammography in our area the measure with the DSE TLD values thrown by the equipment. (Author)

Thermoluminescence of pure LiF and Lif (TLD-100) irradiated at room temperature; Termoluminiscencia en LiF puro y LiF dosimetrico (TLD-100), irradiados a temperatura ambiente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sagastibelza Chivite, F

1980-07-01

The thermoluminescence of pure LiF and LiF (TLD-100) crystals irradiated at room temperature with x - or gamma-rays has been studied up to 460 degree centigree. For most of the glow peaks found the kinetics, preexponential factors and activation energies have been determined. These parameters have been obtained by means of the isothermal method. The study of the thermal annealing of the radiation induced F and Z centres has allow to show that there is a correlation among the glow peaks and the annealing stages of these centres. It is concluded that the F and Z - centres play the role of recombination centres for halogen interstitial atom thermally released from traps. Light emission occurs in this recombination. (Author) 120 refs.

Proton/gamma relative thermoluminescence efficiencies of LiF:Mg,Cu,P+PTFE prepared at ININ and TLD-100H

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avila, O.; Gonzalez, P.; Murillo, G.

2009-10-01

Properties of LiF:Mg,Cu,P+PTFE dosemeters developed at ININ have been investigated in order to evaluate their performance compared to those of equivalent commercial dosemeters. In this work both LiF:Mg,Cu,P+PTFE and TLD-100H pellets were exposed to low fluence 3 MeV protons and to low dose gamma radiation to evaluate experimental proton/gamma efficiencies. Gamma irradiation was performed using the Vic krad irradiator at ININ at varying doses between 25 and 500 mGy. For proton irradiation the Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator at ININ was used. Dosemeters were placed on a holder inside a scattering chamber where protons impinge on a gold target and scatter in all directions. The holder allows for several angular positions so that dosemeters receive proton fluence between 10 6 and 10 1 0 p/cm 2 . Experimental efficiency values found for LiF:Mg,Cu,P+PTFE and TLD-100H were 0.18 +- 03 and 0.23 +- 0.03, respectively. These results allow to confirm the reliability of the dosemeters developed at ININ. (Author)

The cardiac catheterization laboratory personnel TLD dosimetry in Dr. Faghihi Hospital in Shiraz

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Derakhshan, Sh.

2004-01-01

In this study all of the personnel of Angiography of Dr.Faghihi hospital used TLD service During 2002-2003. This service was given by center for Radiation Protection and Application of the Shiraz University. These staff were divided in two group, one groups was technicians and the other group was the nurses. The result of this research shows that the maximum dose received to Technicians and nurses were 0.4mSv and 0.55mSV respectively. The average annual dose to technicians and nurses were 0.02 mSv and 0.19 mSv. This result shows that the nurses of this hospital receive more dose than the techniques

Measurement of high natural background radiation levels by TLD at Cox's Bazar coastal areas in Bangladesh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mollah, A.S.; Rahman, M.M.; Koddus, M.A.; Husain, S.R.; Malek, M.A.

1987-01-01

High natural background radiation levels at the Cox's Bazar coastal areas in Bangladesh were measured by LiF (TLD-100) dosemeters. The dose rates varied from 2621 to 35391 μGy.y -1 with a mean of 11968 μGy.y -1 . The average dose rate is found to significantly higher than the world average value. In order to formulate appropriate guidelines for radiation protection of the population in this area, the necessary recommendations are described. (author)

Personnel photon dosimeter on the base of TLD sup n sup a sup t LiF

CERN Document Server

Kaskanov, G Y

2003-01-01

A personnel photon dosemeter on the basis of thermoluminescence detectors (TLD) sup n sup a sup t LiF is described. Experimental responses of the dosemeters in the unit of individual equivalent dose H sub p (10) for energy of photons 59.5, 120, 662, and 1250 keV are presented. It is shown that the dosemeter allows one to measure H sub p (10) with admissible uncertainty in the energy range from 60 to 1250 keV.

Effective dose assessment in the maxillofacial region using thermoluminescent (TLD) and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) dosemeters: a comparative study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koivisto, J.; Schulze, D.; Wolff, J.E.H.; Rottke, D.

2014-01-01

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the performance of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) technology dosemeters with thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) (TLD 100; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) in the maxillofacial area. Methods: Organ and effective

Elaboración de un Modelo de Gestión de Mantenimiento en el Hospital Básico Baños

OpenAIRE

Lobato Inca, Franklin Geovanny

2015-01-01

La investigación tuvo como objetivo la elaboración de un modelo de gestión de mantenimiento en el “Hospital Básico Baños”. Se realizaron auditorias cualitativas, semicuantitativas y cuantitativas del mantenimiento, para escenificar la problemática del mantenimiento hospitalario desde varios puntos de vista, determinando el grado de desarrollo del departamento de mantenimiento y su forma de gestionar, para poder determinar puntos de mejora y establecer que acciones son necesar...

Auditoria e sistema de informação em canais de insumos do agronegócio: proposta de uma ferramenta de pesquisa Auditing and information systems in agribusiness input channels: a proposed research tool

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucas Teixeira

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O crescimento apresentado nos últimos anos pela agroindústria traz consigo maior demanda por insumos, pela exigência de produtores cada vez mais profissionalizados. Assim, o entendimento dos canais de distribuição do setor, em um ambiente de crescente competitividade, exige que as empresas busquem instrumentos de avaliação periódica nestes estabelecimentos, principalmente no varejo, por ser o ponto de contato entre fabricantes e consumidores. O presente artigo aborda o tema auditoria de varejo, tendo em vista identificar sua aplicabilidade neste tipo de canal de insumos agropecuários. Desta forma, o objetivo principal do trabalho é desenvolver um questionário que viabilize o uso desta ferramenta de monitoramento, no setor em questão. Para atingi-lo, foram realizadas pesquisas exploratórias em duas etapas sucessivas, sendo a primeira composta de revisão bibliográfica e a segunda de um estudo de campo. A aplicação do questionário em revendas de ração permitiu levantar os fatores de avaliação relevantes, além de sugestões e dificuldades de implantação do processo. Por ser um assunto ainda pouco explorado no setor de insumos, o trabalho caracteriza-se como uma aplicação inicial da auditoria de varejo nesta área, visando, com isso, maximizar as informações recebidas pelos gerentes de marketing na cadeia de suprimentos do agronegócio.The evolution of Brazil's agroindustry in recent years has led to a growing demand for input resources in response to the producers' increasingly professionalized profile. Therefore, a better understanding of this sector's distribution channels, which operate in an increasingly competitive environment, requires companies to seek tools for periodic evaluation, especially in the retail segment, the meeting point of manufacturers and consumers. This article discusses retail auditing, identifying its applicability to the agribusiness marketing channel. The main goal of this study was to draw up

A new TLD badge with machine readable ID for fully automated readout

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kannan, S. Ratna P.; Kulkarni, M.S.

2003-01-01

The TLD badge currently being used for personnel monitoring of more than 40,000 radiation workers has a few drawbacks such as lack of on-badge machine readable ID code, delicate two-point clamping of dosimeters on an aluminium card with the chances of dosimeters falling off during handling or readout, projections on one side making automation of readout difficult etc. A new badge has been designed with a 8-digit identification code in the form of an array of holes and smooth exteriors to enable full automation of readout. The new badge also permits changing of dosimeters when necessary. The new design does not affect the readout time or the dosimetric characteristics. The salient features and the dosimetric characteristics are discussed. (author)

TLD environmental monitoring at the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in Brazil

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taam, I.H. [Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN/CNEN-RJ), Caixa Postal 68550, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Rosa, L.A.R. da [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Av. Salvador Allende s/n, Caixa Postal 37760, 22780-160 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)], E-mail: lrosa@ird.gov.br; Crispim, V.R. [PEN/COPPE-DNC/POLI/CT/UFRJ, Caixa Postal 68509, 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2008-09-15

Since 2003 the Institute of Nuclear Engineering in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, operates a new cyclotron, RDS-111, to produce {sup 18}F-Fluorodeoxyglucose to be used in nuclear medicine. Additionally, the IEN radioactive waste repository has been enlarged during the past last years, receiving a considerable amount of radioactive materials. Therefore, it became necessary to evaluate a possible increase of the environmental gamma exposure rates at the institute site due to the operation of the new accelerator and the enlargement of the institute waste repository as well. LiF:Mg,Cu,P, TLD-100H, and TL detectors were employed for environmental kerma rate evaluation and the results were compared with previous results obtained before the RDS-111 operation initialisation and the enlargement of IEN waste repository. No significant contribution for the enhancement of environmental gamma kerma rates was detected.

Análise do Gerenciamento de Resultados e o Rodízio de Firmas de Auditoria nas Empresas de Capital AbertoAnalysis of Earnings Management and Turnover of Auditors Firms in Companies TradedAnálisis de la Gestión por Resultados y la Alternancia de las Firmas de Auditoría en las Empresas de Capital Abierto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SILVA, Júlio Orestes da

2010-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMOOs auditores independentes têm função de atestar as demonstrações contábeis, de modo a atender com a fidedignidade da situação financeira e econômica da empresa. Assim acredita-se que a troca da firma de auditoria contribui para o aumento da independência entre o relacionamento da auditoria e do cliente, que se pode desgastar durante o tempo. Espera-se que o novo auditor seja severo em relação à prática do Gerenciamento de Resultados (GR e, como consequência, ocorra um menor nível de gerenciamento de resultados. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se o rodízio de auditoria influencia no gerenciamento de resultados das empresas de capital aberto dos setores econômicos da Bovespa, utilizando o modelo de Kang e Sivaramakrishnan (1995. Tem-se, como hipótese, que no ano da troca da firma de auditoria o gerenciamento de resultados tende a diminuir e que nos anos subsequentes tende a aumentar. A pesquisa foi realizada nos dados das três empresas com maior ativo de cada setor econômico, que possuem papéis negociados na Bovespa no exercício de 2008, excluindo o setor financeiro. Desta forma, a pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva e documental com abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados evidenciam que a troca de firma de auditoria não está diretamente relacionada à diminuição do gerenciamento de resultados. Alguns setores apresentam uma tendência para tal, porém, não se pode aceitar as hipóteses em sua totalidade.ABSTRACTThe job of Independent auditors is to certify the financial statements in order to demonstrate the real of financial and economic situation of the company. Thus it is believed that the change of accounting firm contributes to the independence increase of the relationship between the audit and the client that can be worn out during the time. It is expected that the new auditor be severe in the practice of earnings management and, consequently, a lower level of earnings management

Pré-requisitos para implementação do sistema APPCC em uma linha de alface minimamente processada Requirements for HACCP system implementation in a minimally processed plant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriano Gomes da Cruz

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF e Procedimentos Padrão de Higienização Operacional (PPHO são Programas Pré-requisitos (PPRs para implementação do sistema APPCC, sendo, em função disto, etapa inicial na adoção de sistemas de garantia de qualidade na indústria de alimentos. Nesse trabalho, foi avaliada uma unidade de processamento mínimo de hortaliças segundo uma auditoria, análises microbiológicas da água, equipamentos, utensílios e manipuladores. Foram verificadas diversas não-conformidades relacionadas à auditoria na unidade produtora. Nas análises microbiológicas foram identificados grupos microbianos em níveis superiores aos estabelecidos pela legislação (variação de 16 NMP/100 mL e 7-2400 NMP/cm² para coliformes a 35°C e a 44°C, na água e nos equipamentos e/ou utensílios, respectivamente. S. aureus não foi detectado nos manipuladores, enquanto que E. coli mostrou-se presente nos manipuladores e ausente na água. Os resultados revelam que a unidade produtora não tem as condições necessárias para a implementação do APPCC, sendo necessárias medidas corretivas, entre as quais, o ajuste do layout do processo, implementação de controle de pragas, treinamento para os manipuladores, além de controle efetivo dos parâmetros operacionais.Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP and Sanitation Standard Procedures Operation (SSOP are Pre-requisite Programs (PPRs for the HACCP system implementation, being the initial step at the adoption of an Assurance Quality System in the Food Industry. A Brazilian produce line was evaluated according to PPRs compliance and microbiological analysis of processing water, equipments/utensils and workers of packing room were performed. Several failures were detected in the auditing and presence of pathogens and microbial groups at values from the Brazilian legislation (range from 16 MNP/100 mL and 7-2400 MPN/cm² for total and fecal coliform at the water processing and equipments

Dosimetric evaluation of the response of the TLD-100 dosemeters in the IMRT technique by 'Step and Shoot'; Evaluacion dosimetrica de la respuesta de los dosimetros TLD-100 en la tecnica de IMRT por 'Step and Shoot'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vasquez, J. [Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili, A.A. 020338, Cali (Colombia); Benavides, S.O. [Depto. de Fisica, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali (Colombia)

2005-07-01

We show the results of the dosimetry response of LiF thermoluminescent crystals: TLD-100, where they were radiated in a linear accelerator Siemens Primus Hl using the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) by step and shoot technique. Previous to the crystals calibration and response evaluation, the acceptation procedures recommended by the TG-53 protocol for validation of the technique were carried out. The planning system utilized was the Theraplan Plus 3.8, using the algorithm of Pencil Kernel. The register and verification system was Lantis 5.2. The response curve of dose versus charge was obtained from the readings of the TLD in a Harshaw 3500. The crystals were radiated in a Bench- Marck phantom with doses previously determined by using ionization chambers for square radiation fields, in a beam with a 0.68 TPR20,10 corresponding to 6 MV of energy. We compare the response of these through of radiation of segmented fields in a Anthropomorphic phantom and the calculated doses by the planning system. The results obtained in the crystals response show deviations less than 5 % between the measured dose and the calculated dose in the zones of low gradient. It allows its implementation like routine control of quality by IMRT. (Author)

Measuring thermo-luminescence efficiency of TLD-2000 detectors to different energy photons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xie, Wei Min; Chen, Bao Wei; Han, Yi; Yang, Zhong Jian [China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan (China)

2016-06-15

As an important detecting device, TLD is a widely used in the radiation monitoring. It is essential for us to study the property of detecting element. The aim of this study is to calculate the thermo-luminescence efficiency of TL elements. A batch of thermo-luminescence elements were irradiated by the filtered X-ray beams of average energies in the range 40-200 kVp, 662 keV {sup 137}Cs gamma rays and then the amounts of lights were measured by the TL reader. The deposition energies in elements were calculated by theory formula and Monte Carlo simulation. The unit absorbed dose in elements by photons with different energies corresponding to the amounts of lights was calculated, which is called the thermo luminescent efficiency (η(E)). Because of the amounts of lights can be calculated by the absorbed dose in elements multiply η(E), the η(E) can be calculated by the experimental data (the amounts of lights) divided by absorbed dose. The deviation of simulation results compared with theoretical calculation results were less than 5%, so the absorbed dose in elements was calculated by simulation results in here. The change range of η(E) value, relative to 662 keV {sup 137}Cs gamma rays, is about 30% in the energy range of 33 keV to 662 keV, is in accordance by the comparison with relevant foreign literatures. The η(E) values can be used for updating the amounts of lights that are got by the direct ratio assumed relations with deposition energy in TL elements, which can largely reduce the error of calculation results of the amounts of lights. These data can be used for the design of individual dosimeter which used TLD-2000 thermo-luminescence elements, also have a certain reference value for manufacturer to improve the energy-response performance of TL elements by formulation adjustment.

Dosimetric evaluation of the response of the TLD-100 dosemeters in the IMRT technique by 'Step and Shoot'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasquez, J.; Benavides, S.O.

2005-01-01

We show the results of the dosimetry response of LiF thermoluminescent crystals: TLD-100, where they were radiated in a linear accelerator Siemens Primus Hl using the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) by step and shoot technique. Previous to the crystals calibration and response evaluation, the acceptation procedures recommended by the TG-53 protocol for validation of the technique were carried out. The planning system utilized was the Theraplan Plus 3.8, using the algorithm of Pencil Kernel. The register and verification system was Lantis 5.2. The response curve of dose versus charge was obtained from the readings of the TLD in a Harshaw 3500. The crystals were radiated in a Bench- Marck phantom with doses previously determined by using ionization chambers for square radiation fields, in a beam with a 0.68 TPR20,10 corresponding to 6 MV of energy. We compare the response of these through of radiation of segmented fields in a Anthropomorphic phantom and the calculated doses by the planning system. The results obtained in the crystals response show deviations less than 5 % between the measured dose and the calculated dose in the zones of low gradient. It allows its implementation like routine control of quality by IMRT. (Author)

Experimental comparison of profiles of acquired small fields with ionization chambers, diodes, radiochromic s and TLD films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venencia, D.; Garrigo, E.; Filipuzzi, M.; Germanier, A.

2014-08-01

The use of radiation small fields, introduced by new techniques, can bring a considerable uncertainty in the precision of the acquired profiles, due to the conditions of lateral electronic non-equilibrium and the perturbations introduced by the detectors (volume effect and alteration of the charged particles flowing) [Das et al., 2007]. The development of new miniature detectors looks to diminish the uncertainty created by the material and the size of the sensitive volume of the dosimeter. For this reason, comparative measurements for three sizes of square field were carried out (20 mm, 10 mm and 5 mm, of side) using a detectors series: 3 ionization chambers (PTW-31003, IBA-CC04, PTW-31016), 2 diodes (PTW-60012, IBA-Sfd), thermoluminescent detectors micro-cubes of 1 mm of edge (TLD-700) and radiochromic s films EBT-3. These last two were used as reference detectors, due to their spatial high resolution and similar performance with Monte Carlo simulations [Francescon et al., 1998]. So much the thermoluminescent detectors as the radiochromic films resolved the profiles in a similar way. Both diodes responded correctly, but the rest of the detectors overestimated the gloom of the fields, which allows conclude that the used TLD (and both diodes) can resolve field sizes correctly, usually utilized in radio-surgery, without producing significant alterations in the acquired data. (author)

O Controle da Gestão dos Recursos Públicos: Bases Conceituais e o Falso Dilema “Regularidade Versus Resultados”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Roberto Simão Bijos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta os fundamentos teóricos do controle, retratando-o, de início, como função administrativa organicamente articulada em uma estrutura piramidal de controle, constituída pelas instâncias de controles internos, auditoria interna e auditoria externa. Em paralelo, traca a distinção entre: controle e auditoria; controles internos e auditoria interna; e auditoria interna e auditoria externa. Adicionalmente, explora a conexão entre auditoria e os conceitos de teoria da agência, governança corporativa e accountability. Em particular, expõe os elementos centrais do sistema brasileiro de accountability horizontal, pertinente ao controle da gestão dos recursos públicos, com ênfase no modelo federal, e analisa a inter-relacão entre as principais vertentes desse sistema de controle, abrangendo o dilema regularidade x resultados.

Comparative study of main dosimetric characteristics between the GR-200A and MCP-N LiF (Mg, Cu, P) TLD chips

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen Wenxiu; Tang Kaiyong; Wang Shoushan; Cai Gangang; Zhu Hongying; Lu Min

1999-01-01

GR-200A and MCP-N are the same kind of LiF(Mg, Cu, P) chip detectors. The main dosimetric characteristics of two LiF (Mg, Cu, P) chip TLDs (GR-200A made in Solid Dosimetric Detector and Method Laboratory, Beijing, and MCP-N made in Poland) are compared, including glow curve structure, TL sensitivity, anti-moisture, reproducibility, background, detection threshold and photosensitivity. Sensitivity of GR-200a is 1.6 times as much as that of MCP-N. The sensitivity of GR-200A is stable after being used for six times, but the sensitivity of MCP-N dropped 2.8%, and its colour turned from white into light brown. The sensitivity and colour of GR-200A did not vary after being stored for 25 days at 98% RH, by comparison the sensitivity of MCP-N dropped 14%, and its colour turned into light brown. It was found that the GR-200A TLD is superior to the MCP-N TLD in above-mentioned characteristics

Application of artificial neural network for development of an algorithm for TLD badge system in the mixed field dosimetry of X and gamma radiation in terms of Hp(10)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, K.; Bakshi, A.K.; Geetha, V.; Kher, R.K.; Dhar, V.K.

2005-01-01

ICRU has introduced new operational quantities for individual monitoring. Therefore it is required to develop an algorithm that gives direct response of the TLD badge in terms of the operational quantities. For this purpose and also to improve the precision in the mixed fields dosimetry, two methods were studied i)- analytical method by developing an algorithm based on of higher order polynomial fit of the data points for known delivered doses and ii) use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Study on the response of the TLD badge system based on CaSO 4 : Dy Teflon TLD discs in the mixed fields of X and gamma radiation in terms of operational quantity Hp(10) was carried out using the prevalent algorithm, algorithm developed using higher order polynomial and neural network predicted algorithm for different proportion of dose delivered by X and gamma radiations. It was found that the uncertainties in the dose response for few fields are beyond the acceptable limit for prevalent algorithm and within the acceptable limit for other two algorithms. Algorithm based on ANN gives higher precision in the mixed field of two radiations compared to other two algorithms. (author)

TLD system for the monitoring of the environmental radioactivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stochioiu, Ana; Sahagia, Maria; Tudor, Ion

2008-01-01

The paper presents a high sensitivity TLD system, designed for the survey of the environmental radioactivity. It is based on the use of TL detectors type LiF:Mg, Cu, P, commercially known as GR-200A. The dosimeter designed in our Institute, contains 3 detectors, and the measurement value is calculated as the arithmetic mean. A very sensitive, TL Reader, READER ANALYSER RA'94 was chosen and an optimal thermal cycle was designed, such as to enhance the measurement performances. For each placement, a set of 3 dosemeters is used, and survey intervals from 1 to 100 days, depending on the radioactivity level and reporting requirements, are selected. The technical characteristics of the system were determined by exposing the dosimeters in reference X and gamma radiation fields, such as required by the IEC standard 61066:iun.2006 'Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems for personal and environmental monitoring'. The main technical parameters are of highest quality and recommend it for use in the survey of the environmental radioactivity, at the level of ambient dose equivalent rate, due to normal natural radioactivity, in open areas. The paper describes the method of characterisation and measurement results, as well as their relevance. (author)

Produção científica sobre o sistema de controles internos e gestão de riscos: um estudo sócio-bibliométrico dos artigos contábeis publicados em língua inglesa, no período de 2000-2010

OpenAIRE

Teixeira, Gislene Silveira Barros

2011-01-01

As decisões, atividades e operações empreendidas pelos gestores de riscos nas organizações dão lugar a várias áreas de incerteza, as quais podem decorrer da aplicação da legislação ou de fatores particulares. Tais fatores corroboram na acentuação de relevância dos controles internos para a gestão de riscos, atividades de compliance (verificação de conformidade legal) e auditoria interna. Para tanto, diversas estruturas de controle para auxílio a profissionais na avaliação dos riscos esperados...

Thermoluminescence of pure LiF and Lif (TLD-100) irradiated at room temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sagastibelza Chivite, F.

1980-01-01

The thermoluminescence of pure LiF and LiF (TLD-100) crystals irradiated at room temperature with x - or gamma-rays has been studied up to 460 degree centigree. For most of the glow peaks found the kinetics, preexponential factors and activation energies have been determined. These parameters have been obtained by means of the isothermal method. The study of the thermal annealing of the radiation induced F and Z centres has allow to show that there is a correlation among the glow peaks and the annealing stages of these centres. It is concluded that the F and Z - centres play the role of recombination centres for halogen interstitial atom thermally released from traps. Light emission occurs in this recombination. (Author) 120 refs

Radiation doses measured by TLD (thermo luminescent dosimeter) in x-ray examination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Seiichi; Hiraki, Motoji; Murakami, Shozo; Nishikawa, Naozo; Yagi, Takayuki

1977-01-01

By means of TLD, we measured the radiation doses to the skin in the central area of the field of radiation and doses scattered outside of the radiation field, utilizing a phantom to define a suitable radiation field. Clinically, when radiography of the gall bladder and the chest was done, we measured both the radiation doses of the central skin area where radiation was done and the skin above the area of the female gonads. In radiography of the chest, the radiation doses to the skin area above the female gonads situate was under 0.1 mR. When female gonads are less than 15 cm from the margin of the radiation field of the radiation dose can be decreased by 30% if gum sheets containing lead are used to cover the skin area outside the radiation field. (auth.)

Nuclear accident dosimeter designed for use with the Panasonic TLD system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hankins, D.E.

1985-01-01

A new design for the nuclear accident dosimeter (NAD) compatible with the Panasonic TLD badge has recently been adopted for use at LLNL. This NAD was tested at the 1984 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Intercomparison of Criticality Accident Dosimeters study. We describe the procedures and constants developed to evaluate the NAD components. These constants were averaged to give reasonable results from bare and moderated spectra. Other procedures to evaluate a person's neutron dose using activation of the blood sodium and hair are described. These latter procedures are used to complement the dose determined using the NAD, or to determine a dose if a NAD had not been worn during exposure. If little is known about the configuration of the fissile material or shielding between the material and the exposed person, a procedure which combines the blood and hair activations gives a good estimate of the dose. (DT) 3 refs., 2 figs., 6 tabs

Status of services, overexposure and QAC in TLD PMS to defence

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rathore, A.S.; Gupta, D.K.; Samaria, H.C.; Chouhan, R.L.; Mishra, M.; Goyal, J.K.; Gautam, M.; Kalla, R.

2008-01-01

Individual monitoring has always played an important role in radiological protection. There is continuous development in the field of dosimetry systems and many changes have taken place in last many years. The use of radiation for peaceful purposes is increasing with advancement of technological growth in the country. Thermo luminescence dosimeters (TLDs) have emerged as one of the best alternatives for personal monitoring. Defence sector has nearly 2100 persons, who are working in various Military Hospitals, Military Colleges, DRDO Labs, Defence Ordinance factories and many others CPMFs like CISF, BSF, who are likely to receive radiation doses. Defence Laboratory, Jodhpur is providing the TLD personal monitoring service since Jan 1999 as per the guideline by B.A.R.C. to all the institutions mentioned above. This paper brings out salient features of this service in terms of facility available, procedures fulfilling the requirement of accreditation, over exposure reported, quality measures adopted and quality assurance results conducted by BARC, utility and suggestions for such type of services. (author)

Evaluation of the uncertainties in the TLD radiosurgery postal dose system

Science.gov (United States)

Campos, L. T.; Leite, S. P.; de Almeida, C. E. V.; Magalhães, L. A. G.

2018-03-01

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a single-fraction radiation therapy procedure for treating intracranial lesions using a stereotactic apparatus and multiple narrow beams delivered through noncoplanar isocentric arcs. To guarantee a high quality standard, a comprehensive Quality Assurance programme is extremely important to ensure that the measured dose is consistent with the tolerance considered to improve treatment quality. The Radiological Science Laboratory operates a postal audit programme in SRT and SRS. The purpose of the programme is to verify the target localization accuracy in known geometry and the dosimetric conditions of the TPS. The programme works in such a way those thermoluminescence dosimeters, consisting of LiF chips, are sent to the centre where they are to be irradiated to a certain dose. The TLD are then returned, where they are evaluated and the absorbed dose is obtained from TLDs readings. The aim of the present work is estimate the uncertainties in the process of dose determination, using experimental data.

Reproducibility study of TLD-100 micro-cubes at radiotherapy dose level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosa, Luiz Antonio R. da; Regulla, Dieter F.; Fill, Ute A.

1999-01-01

The precision of the thermoluminescent response of Harshaw micro-cube dosimeters (TLD-100), evaluated in both Harshaw thermoluminescent readers 5500 and 3500, for 1 Gy dose value, was investigated. The mean reproducibility for micro-cubes, pre-readout annealed at 100 deg. C for 15 min, evaluated with the manual planchet reader 3500, is 0.61% (1 standard deviation). When micro-cubes are evaluated with the automated hot-gas reader 5500, reproducibility values are undoubtedly worse, mean reproducibility for numerically stabilised dosimeters being equal to 3.27% (1 standard deviation). These results indicate that the reader model 5500, or, at least, the instrument used for the present measurements, is not adequate for micro-cube evaluation, if precise and accurate dosimetry is required. The difference in precision is apparently due to geometry inconsistencies in the orientation of the imperfect micro-cube faces during readout, requiring careful and manual reproducible arrangement of the selected micro-cube faces in contact with the manual reader planchet

SU-E-T-222: Investigation of Pre and Post Irradiation Fading of the TLD100 Thermoluminescence Dosimetry for Photon Beams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sina, S [Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Sadeghi, M [Nuclear Engineering department, Shiraz university, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faghihi, R [Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Nuclear Engineering department, Shiraz university, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-06-01

Purpose: The pre-irradiation and post-irradiation fading of the Thermoluminescense dosimeter signals were investigated in this study. Methods: Two groups of TLD chips with pre-determined ECC values were used in this study. The two groups were divided into 6 series, each composing of 5 TLD chips.The first group was used for pre-irradiation fading. 5 TLDs were exposed to a known amount of radiation from Cs-137 source, and were read out the next day. After seven days, the other 5 TLDs were exposed to the same amount of radiation and were read out after a day. The other series of 5 TLDs were also exposed after 7,19,28, 59, and 90 days, and were read out a day after irradiation. The loss in TLD signal were obtained for all the above cases. The second group, was used for postirradiation fading. All the TLDs of this group were exposed to a known amount of radiation from Cs-137 source. The 6 series composed of 5 TLDs were read out after 1,7,19,28,59, and 90 days. The above-mentioned procedures for obtaining pre-irradiation, and post-irradiation fading were performed for three storage temperatures (25°C, 4°C, and −18°C). Results: According to the results obtained in this study, in case of pre-irradiation fading study, the signal losses after 90 days are 12%, 24%, and 17% for 25°C, 4°C, and −18°C respectively. In case of post-irradiation fading study, the sensitivity losses after 90 days are 25%, 216%, and 20% for 25°C, 4°C, and −18°C respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the optimized time between exposing and reading out, and also the optimized time between annealing and exposing is 1 day.The reduction of Storage temperature will reduce the post-irradiation fading, While temperature reduction does not have any effect on pre-irradiation fading.

SU-E-T-222: Investigation of Pre and Post Irradiation Fading of the TLD100 Thermoluminescence Dosimetry for Photon Beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sina, S; Sadeghi, M; Faghihi, R

2014-01-01

Purpose: The pre-irradiation and post-irradiation fading of the Thermoluminescense dosimeter signals were investigated in this study. Methods: Two groups of TLD chips with pre-determined ECC values were used in this study. The two groups were divided into 6 series, each composing of 5 TLD chips.The first group was used for pre-irradiation fading. 5 TLDs were exposed to a known amount of radiation from Cs-137 source, and were read out the next day. After seven days, the other 5 TLDs were exposed to the same amount of radiation and were read out after a day. The other series of 5 TLDs were also exposed after 7,19,28, 59, and 90 days, and were read out a day after irradiation. The loss in TLD signal were obtained for all the above cases. The second group, was used for postirradiation fading. All the TLDs of this group were exposed to a known amount of radiation from Cs-137 source. The 6 series composed of 5 TLDs were read out after 1,7,19,28,59, and 90 days. The above-mentioned procedures for obtaining pre-irradiation, and post-irradiation fading were performed for three storage temperatures (25°C, 4°C, and −18°C). Results: According to the results obtained in this study, in case of pre-irradiation fading study, the signal losses after 90 days are 12%, 24%, and 17% for 25°C, 4°C, and −18°C respectively. In case of post-irradiation fading study, the sensitivity losses after 90 days are 25%, 216%, and 20% for 25°C, 4°C, and −18°C respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the optimized time between exposing and reading out, and also the optimized time between annealing and exposing is 1 day.The reduction of Storage temperature will reduce the post-irradiation fading, While temperature reduction does not have any effect on pre-irradiation fading

Monitoreo energético y estrategias de RETROFIT para viviendas sociales en clima frío.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Micaela Andersen

2017-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo aborda la aplicación de tecnologías y pautas para el reciclado masivo de viviendas urbanas representativas. Se evalúa aquí el comportamiento energético actual en una vivienda social “tipo” con un alto nivel de replicabilidad. Para ello, se cuantifica el potencial ahorro energético al aplicar diversas estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente edilicia que permitan arribar a valores admisibles de pérdidas térmicas, de acuerdo con la normativa argentina. Se describe la tecnología, el comportamiento térmico y energético de una vivienda perteneciente al barrio “645 Viviendas” (desarrollado por El Instituto de Planificación y Promoción de la Vivienda, ubicada en la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche, en la zona bioambiental IV, muy fría. Este barrio presenta una emergencia energética de gran magnitud, ya que no se encuentra conectado a la red de gas natural. Posteriormente, se examinan los resultados de la auditoria energética de 2016 y se muestra la simulación térmica realizada en Ecotect Analysis 2011, incorporando las condiciones reales de uso auditadas. Ajustado el modelo, se analizan 24 estrategias de mejoramiento de la envolvente térmica, posibilitando la identificación de las estrategias de mayor impacto en la reducción de la demanda energética.

MCNP SIMULATION OF THE HP(10) ENERGY RESPONSE OF A BRAZILIAN TLD ALBEDO NEUTRON INDIVIDUAL DOSEMETER, FROM THERMAL TO 20 MeV.

Science.gov (United States)

Freitas, B M; Martins, M M; Pereira, W W; da Silva, A X; Mauricio, C L P

2016-09-01

The Brazilian Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD) runs a neutron individual monitoring system with a home-made TLD albedo dosemeter. It has already been characterised and calibrated in some reference fields. However, the complete energy response of this dosemeter is not known, and the calibration factors for all monitored workplace neutron fields are difficult to be obtained experimentally. Therefore, to overcome such difficulties, Monte Carlo simulations have been used. This paper describes the simulation of the HP(10) neutron response of the IRD TLD albedo dosemeter using the MCNPX transport code, for energies from thermal to 20 MeV. The validation of the MCNPX modelling is done comparing the simulated results with the experimental measurements for ISO standard neutron fields of (241)Am-Be, (252)Cf, (241)Am-B and (252)Cf(D2O) and also for (241)Am-Be source moderated with paraffin and silicone. Bare (252)Cf are used for normalisation. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The effect of sample/planchet geometry and temperature resolution on the reproducibility of glow curve shapes and precision of dose measurement in LiF-TLD-100 thermoluminescent dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sibony, D.; Horowitz, Y.; Oster, L.

2014-01-01

The effect of accurate positioning of TLD-100 samples in the center of the reader planchet on precision and kinetic parameters was investigated. Significant improvement in precision is obtained by careful positioning of the sample in the center of the planchet, by as much as 40%, 20% and 30% using different methods of glow curve analysis to estimate the intensity of the TL signal. - Highlights: • The effect of accurate positioning of TLD-100 samples on precision and kinetic parameters was investigated. • Significant improvement in precision was obtained. • Significant improvement in the calculation of the kinetic parameters of individual peaks was achieved. • The optimum protocol involves a depression matched to the size of the sample was developed

Implementation of a self-directed work team in a TLD Processing Center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arnwine, A.A.; Bogard, R.S.; Teasley, N.A.; Somers, D.E.; Souleyrette, M.L.

1994-01-01

In an effort to maintain productivity with a decreasing work force, the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant has adopted the concept of Self-Directed Work Teams in various disciplines. The plant's Health Physics Department was able to eliminate a layer of front-line supervisors by establishing four self-directed work teams. Each team was able to choose their method of implementation. The TLD Processing Center Team chose to use project managment tools to ensure a smooth transition from the traditional work group to a self-directed approach. This process focused on establishing responsibilities, determining training requirements, determining a leadership style for the group, and performing a potential problem analysis for the transition. The transition also reviewed interface issues that could occur with upper management, matrix management, technical oversight, and organizational peers. The team's experience is also evaluated in comparison to other Self-Directed Work Teams

A review of TLD's zero-count based on temperature and radiation history of them

Science.gov (United States)

Tunçel, Nina; Karakuş, İsmail; Dündar, Ertuğrul; Toykan Çiflikçi, Özlem

2017-09-01

In order to review the background value of a group of TLD-100, the zero-count values were collected from the first reading and after seven years after using them in experimental irradiations. The zero-counts for these two conditions were collected, as well as the dependence of temperature and radiation history of this group was evaluated. This study recommended that after frequently irradiation of TLDs the rearrangement for obtaining zero-count value must be performed before using TLDs in a new irradiation examination. Regarding on memory of radiation and thermal history, the sensitivity can change after receiving a large dose of radiation and undergoing readout. Additional annealing would be necessary to restore the original sensitivity. TLDs must be used under reproducible conditions to obtain consistent results.

Las empresas y la auditoría externa obligatoria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Segundo Vicente Cardenas Macías

2017-08-01

Full Text Available En  principio,  y para  decirlo en forma  sencilla.  la  auditoria  es una  herramienta  de  control necesaria  en  toda actividad, cuyo objetivo es  verificar si  lo que se  está  realizando  o  se  ha realizado,  guarda  conformidad con normas  y  procedimientos preestablecidos.

QA Programme of the TLD laboratory of the University of Costa Rica: IEC 61066 testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mora, Patricia; Porras Chaverria, Mariela

2008-01-01

The Thermoluminescence Personal Dosimetry Laboratory of the University of Costa Rica provides dose measurements for around 90% of occupational radiation workers in the country. The assessment of doses to workers routinely exposed to external sources of radiation constitutes an integral part of any radiation protection programme and helps national authorities to ensure acceptably safe and satisfactory radiological conditions in workplaces. Harshaw Readers Model 4000 and 4500, dosimeter holders Type 8814 with TLD-100 in 0110 cards and loose TLD-100 chips are used to monitor personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) and Hp(0.07). In order to provide a reliable measurement of the operational quantities, a study was undertaken to verify the fulfillment of international requirements in our system (Model 4500 with cards) against the Thermoluminescence dosimetry systems for personal and environmental monitoring CEI IEC 61066 (1991 -2012). The type tests performed were nine in total: batch homogeneity, reproducibility, linearity, detection threshold, effect of climate conditions on reader, effect of light exposure on dosimeters, isotropy, transient voltage and dropping on dosimeters. A Cesium-137 source was used to irradiate the dosimeters and all procedures follow the indications given on the standard. Results showed that all IEC criteria were met by our Laboratory. Acceptable uncertainties were also studied under the ICRP recommendations; the analysis of the Trumpet Curve was done with satisfactory results (for doses above 0.5 mSv; quotient of measure to real dose less than 3%). For purposes of accreditation (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) and performance testing this work is very relevant since the University of Costa Rica wants to establish a solid individual monitoring programme for external radiation exposure that will provide users, registrants, licensees and regulatory bodies with information that can be used for the optimization of protection and dose limitation of Costa Rican workers

Fatores influenciadores da gestão da qualidade e independência do auditor: um estudo de caso

OpenAIRE

Gonçalves, Mónica Albertina Vieira

2012-01-01

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientada por: Doutora Alcina Dias Muitas empresas promovem a Gestão da Qualidade e a Informação Credível como um valor central para o cliente e consideram-nas um fator crítico de sucesso para atingir a competitividade. A melhoria da qualidade quer a nível de Gestão quer a nível de Informação é considerada por vários autores como a melhor forma de satisfazer o cliente, reduzindo o...

Dosimetric analysis using glasses TLD-100 Lif; Mg; TI for the optimization of the quality control programs in radio surgery stereo tactic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maldonado, J. C; Plazas, M. C.; Dussan, R.; Conrado, Z.; Pena, G.; Jimenez, E.; Hakim, F.; Bermudez, S.

2001-01-01

The conditions of Stereo Tactic Radio Surgery treatments are simulated by means of the use of thermo luminescent glasses TLD-100 LiF; Mg; Ti placed in mannequins, to demonstrate that the doses received by the patients, either in the fractioned or in the mono fractioned techniques, are over the 500cGy, making urgent the use of a reliable dosimetric method [es

Performance and Test Results of Harshaw Pelletised LiF:Mg,Ti TLD Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Velbeck, K.J.; Zhang, L.; Green, R.; Tomlins, P.

1999-01-01

BICRON NE has recently introduced a pelletised version of their popular TLD-100, 600 and 700 lithium fluoride based thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs). These materials can be used unmounted or in card and ring formats. Applications include whole-body, environmental, medical, and extremity monitoring. The former manufacturing process included purifying, growing doped LiF, grinding, blending, pressing, slicing, and dicing. The new process eliminates the last four steps, replacing them with a pelletising process. This process transforms the material directly from a powder to its final form. This new process provides the benefits of better batch uniformity and excellent dimensional consistency. The testing is described that was performed for the purpose of accepting the pelletised material as a directly interchangeable substitute for the same material produced by the former process. Tests performed include reproducibility, batch homogeneity, linearity, detection threshold, and light sensitivity. (author)

Estudo dos métodos de previsão de demanda aplicado em uma empresa de auditorias médicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Castello Branco Mancuso

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A previsão de demanda é um dos principais fatores para a eficiência do gerenciamento das organizações, afetando diretamente a lucratividade do negócio. Quanto maior a acurácia da previsão de demanda melhor será o desempenho empresarial. Neste ideal, métodos de combinação de previsões e suas previsões individuais vêm sendo constantemente comparados. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é averiguar como as redes neurais artificiais (RNA e o modelo de combinação por regressão se comportam frente a uma série de dados reais (divergentes, métodos encontrados como melhores no estudo de simulação (séries estacionárias em Mancuso (2013. Aplicado aos dados de demanda dos serviços na área de auditoria médica, três técnicas de previsão foram avaliadas: RNA, Box-Jenkins (ARIMA, alisamento exponencial; e três combinações foram consideradas: média simples (aritmética, variância mínima e regressão. Os resultados demonstram a superioridade dos métodos de combinação, em termos precisão, comparados às previsões individuais.Acombinação por regressão obteve as previsões mais acuradas, mas as previsões obtidas com RNA não apresentaram o mesmo destaque. Demand forecasting is a major factor for the efficiency of the management of organizations, directly affecting business profitability. Higher accuracy of the prediction, better the business performance. In this ideal, methods of combining individual forecasts and their forecasts are being constantly compared. The main objective of this work is to investigate how artificial neural networks (ANN and regression model combination behave in the face of a series of real data (divergent, better methods found in the simulation study (stationary series in Mancuso (2013. Applied to demand data services in the area of medical audit, three forecasting techniques were evaluated: ANN, Box-Jenkins (ARIMA, exponential smoothing, and three combinations were considered: simple average

Estudo dos métodos de previsão de demanda aplicado em uma empresa de auditorias médicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Castello Branco Mancuso

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A previsão de demanda é um dos principais fatores para a eficiência do gerenciamento das organizações, afetando diretamente a lucratividade do negócio. Quanto maior a acurácia da previsão de demanda melhor será o desempenho empresarial. Neste ideal, métodos de combinação de previsões e suas previsões individuais vêm sendo constantemente comparados. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é averiguar como as redes neurais artificiais (RNA e o modelo de combinação por regressão se comportam frente a uma série de dados reais (divergentes, métodos encontrados como melhores no estudo de simulação (séries estacionárias em Mancuso (2013. Aplicado aos dados de demanda dos serviços na área de auditoria médica, três técnicas de previsão foram avaliadas: RNA, Box-Jenkins (ARIMA, alisamento exponencial; e três combinações foram consideradas: média simples (aritmética, variância mínima e regressão. Os resultados demonstram a superioridade dos métodos de combinação, em termos precisão, comparados às previsões individuais.Acombinação por regressão obteve as previsões mais acuradas, mas as previsões obtidas com RNA não apresentaram o mesmo destaque. Demand forecasting is a major factor for the efficiency of the management of organizations, directly affecting business profitability. Higher accuracy of the prediction, better the business performance. In this ideal, methods of combining individual forecasts and their forecasts are being constantly compared. The main objective of this work is to investigate how artificial neural networks (ANN and regression model combination behave in the face of a series of real data (divergent, better methods found in the simulation study (stationary series in Mancuso (2013. Applied to demand data services in the area of medical audit, three forecasting techniques were evaluated: ANN, Box-Jenkins (ARIMA, exponential smoothing, and three combinations were considered: simple average

Measure of the attenuation curve of a beam of X-rays with TLD-100 dosimeters of LiF; Medicion de la curva de atenuacion de un haz de rayos X con dosimetros TLD-100 de LiF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonzi, E. V.; Mainardi, R. T. [Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Facultad de Matematica, Astronomia y Fisica, Av. Haya de la Torre y Av. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Cordoba (Argentina); Germanier, A. [Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Ceprocor, Unidad de Estudios Fisicos, Alvarez de Arenas 230, X5004AAP Barrio Juniors, Cordoba (Argentina); Delgado, V. [Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Fisica Medica, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2011-10-15

The attenuation curve of a beam of X-rays represents the beam intensity in function of the attenuator thickness interposed between the source and the detector. To know with the major possible precision the attenuation curve is indispensable in procedures of spectral reconstruction. Their periodic measuring also offers valuable information on the correct operation of a tube of X-rays, diagnostic or therapy, when not have a specific detector for that activity. In this work was measured the attenuation curve of a tube of X-rays operated to 50 kV and 0.5 ma, using existent elements in any diagnostic or therapy laboratory with radiations. In the measures commercial aluminum foil was used, bent until 24 times and thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD 100 - LiF. Also, for comparison, was measured this attenuation curve with an ionization chamber brand Capintec model 192. Was determined by X-rays fluorescence the composition of the aluminium foil, since the present elements in the alloy can to affect the form of the attenuation curve. It is interesting to observe that these elements are in very low proportion (ppm) that they do not alter the attenuation capacity of the pure aluminium. Finally in a precision balance we weigh a big piece (30 cm x 100 cm) of aluminium foil and we obtained the thickness in g/c m2. It is possible to obtain attenuation curves of a beam of X-rays, with a high precision procedure and reproducibility. The use of TLD-100 dosimeters of LiF or similar makes that this activity was also quick and simple. (Author)

Characterization of TLD-100 micro-cubes for use in small field dosimetry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peña-Jiménez, Salvador, E-mail: zoid-9861@yahoo.com.mx; Gamboa-deBuen, Isabel, E-mail: gamboa@nucleares.unam.mx [Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 DF (Mexico); Lárraga-Gutiérrez, José Manuel, E-mail: jose.larraga.gtz@gmail.com, E-mail: amanda.garcia.g@gmail.com; García-Garduño, Olivia Amanda, E-mail: jose.larraga.gtz@gmail.com, E-mail: amanda.garcia.g@gmail.com [Laboratorio de Física Médica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur 3877, 14269 DF (Mexico)

2014-11-07

At present there are no international regulations for the management of millimeter scale fields and there are no suggestions for a reference detector to perform the characterization and dose determination for unconventional radiation beams (small fields) so that the dosimetry of small fields remains an open research field worldwide because these fields are used in radiotherapy treatments. Sensitivity factors and reproducibility of TLD-100 micro-cubes (1×1×1 mm3) were determinate irradiating the dosimeters with a 6 MV beam in a linear accelerator dedicated to radiosurgery at the Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN). Thermoluminescent response as a function of dose was determined for doses in water between 0.5 and 3 Gy and two field sizes (2×2 cm2 and 10×10 cm2). It was found that the response is linear over the dose range studied and it does not depend on field size.

External radiation monitoring in TAPS and RAPS environs (1980-81) using TLD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basu, A.S.; Nambi, K.S.V.; Sunta, C.M.

1983-01-01

Results of environmental external radiation monitoring using quarterly integrated TLD measurements are presented for environments of the Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS) and the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS) for the two year monitoring period (1980-81). The data fit into the unimodal log-normal distribution except for locations where gaseous radioactivity escaping from the plant makes a significant contribution. The average natural radiation background in TAPS and RAPS environment is estimated to be 59.6 +- 4.7 mR yr -1 and 65.1 +- 9.8 mR yr -1 respectively. Contribution from the plant superimposed over the natural level leads frequently to bi-normal distribution. The effect of stack-released gaseous radioactivity is seen in locations within 1.6 km of TAPS: for example Ghivoli village registered an excess of 9.3 mR yr -1 over the natural background. The quarterly background values indicate minor temporal and spatial variations which can be attributed to changes in natural as well as stack released radioactivity. (author)

Analysis on the evaluation of dose of the team reader TLD SOLARO, post-adjustment of the heating resistance marks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morales C, M.

2000-09-01

This report describes the process carried out in the area of personal dosimetry as for different evaluations carried out in the team reader TLD SOLARO it marks, which evaluates chips of LiF and cards containing two pellets of LiF-700, to determine if after having carried out an adjustment in the heating system the dose evaluations they continue being acceptable, that is to say, the evaluated doses stay inside the error margin allowed for the case of external individual monitoring

In vivo TLD-measurement of the radiation burden after intake of sup(99m)Tc-labelled compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kletter, K.; Frischauf, H.; Dudczak, R.; Nowotny, R.

1978-01-01

Organ and whole-body radiation doses by sup(99m)Tc labelled preparations were measured on patients subjected to scintigraphy of liver (+spleen), thyroid of kidneys. Body surface doses were determined by means of TLD-100 (LiF) dosimeters. From these values organ doses were calculated by inference from surface and organ measurements on a Remcal - Alderson phantom which also served to examine the influence of variable fat layers on the surface doses. The results were compared with data calculated from pharmacokinetic measurements of organ uptake as well as blood and urine activity. Both methods gave corresponding results. (author)

Evaluation of the kinetic parameters of CaF2:Tm (TLD-300) thermoluminescence dosemeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azorin, Juan; Gutierrez, Alicia; Furetta, Claudio

1989-01-01

The kinetic parameters of the first, third and fifth peaks of CaF 2 :Tm (TLD-300) dosemeters were determined experimentally using methods based on initial rise, peak shape, different heating rates, isothermal decay and numerical fitting method and a comparison was made between the results obtained. The average activation energy values determined by the methods used here were 0.72, 1.16 and 1.77 eV, with mean values for the frequency factor of 2.58 x 10 8 , 2.89 x 10 13 and 6.16 x 10 16 s -1 for the first, third and fifth peaks respectively. The values of activation energy obtained for each peak using the different methods covered a spread of about 4%. However, the spread for each of the frequency factors was very high. (author)

Sistema de informações para acompanhamento, controle e auditoria em saúde pública Information system for tracking, control and audit in public health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanna S. F. Cerchiari

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta alternativas para a gestão dos recursos destinados à saúde pública, por meio de um sistema de informações para os programas de diabetes e hipertensão e resulta do interesse em analisar a efetividade dos programas destinados aos portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas. As questões analisadas foram focadas em fatores que traduzem a efetividade das ações desenvolvidas, isto é, a capacidade de gerar resultados a partir dos investimentos feitos. Isso ocorreu por meio de um modelo proposto para análise do resultado, mediante o estabelecimento de um indicador que consolidou três frentes de resultado, o número de óbitos, internações e atendimentos ambulatoriais. O índice estabelecido para análise da efetividade derivou em um indicador de custos. Como percurso metodológico foi aplicado o modelo teórico de planejamento e controle de produção (PCP elaborado por Erdmann (1998, que considera sete etapas para a consolidação de informações fragmentadas em um sistema.This article presents alternatives to the management of resources destined for public health through an information system for diabetes and hypertension programs. It intends to analyze the effectiveness of the programs focused on chronic and degenerative disease porters. The questions analyzed were centered on factors that translated the developed actions effectiveness, that is, the capacity to get results through investments you have made. We used a model to investigate the results, intervening in the establishment of an indicator that consolidated three fronts of results, the number of deaths, hospitalizations and ambulatory appointments. The established index for effectiveness analysis resulted in a cost indicator. As a methodology we used a theoretical model of Production Control and Plan (PCP, elaborated by Erdmann (1998, which considered seven stages for a consolidation of a fragmented information system.

Etapas e dificuldades de elaboração do Balanço Social de organizações não governamentais: um estudo de caso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osório Cavalcante Araújo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available As organizações não governamentais vêm ganhando grande destaque nos últimos anos e, como consequência disto, tem-se uma maior cobrança por parte da sociedade por uma prestação de contas com mais transparência. O Balanço Social tem sido apontado como um dos instrumentos para essa prestação de contas à sociedade. Essa pesquisa busca responder ao seguinte problema: Quais as etapas e dificuldades encontradas na elaboração do Balanço Social por organizações não governamentais? Analisar as etapas e dificuldades de elaboração deste relatório por uma OSCIP é o objetivo geral deste trabalho. Foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso por meio de dados colhidos em uma empresa de Auditoria e Consultoria, em entrevista sobre o assunto com as pessoas responsáveis pela elaboração do Balanço Social em uma OSCIP, na qual foram identificadas as dificuldades encontradas durante o trabalho na Instituição. Os resultados mostram as dificuldades e obstáculos encontrados durante a elaboração do Balanço Social da organização não governamental utilizada na pesquisa, que não impediram a realização do relatório, mas contribuíram para a preparação da OSCIP e da empresa de Auditoria e Consultoria para os próximos trabalhos, melhorando a sistematização internamente de informações importantes para a OSCIP e para a sociedade.

Auditoria dos programas de prevenção de perdas auditivas em Curitiba (PPPA Hearing loss prevention programs control of Curitiba (HLPP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regina C.M. Cavalli

2004-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo examinar se medidas práticas de prevenção de perdas auditivas, adotadas por indústrias de Curitiba e região metropolitana, atendem às exigências da legislação trabalhista vigente e recomendações científicas que abordam este tema. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Um questionário elaborado pelo instituto americano National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH em 1996, para auditoria de programas de prevenção de perdas auditivas (PPPA, nos serviu de instrumento para a coleta de dados. O instrumento original possui 89 questões divididas em oito temas relacionados à prática dos programas: treinamento e educação, envolvimento do supervisor, medição do ruído, controle de Engenharia e Administrativo, monitoração audiométrica e manutenção dos registros, encaminhamentos, equipamento de proteção individual e questões administrativas. A coleta de dados foi realizada com Médicos do Trabalho, Engenheiros e/ou Técnicos de Segurança das indústrias. As empresas foram divididas em dois grupos: o das empresas que possuem um PPPA e o das que não possuem. CONCLUSÃO: Com base nos dados obtidos concluímos que não houve diferença significativa de conduta entre os grupos e que ambos cumprem parcialmente a legislação trabalhista relacionada à prevenção dos efeitos do ruído. Quanto às questões que abordam aspectos que se excedem às exigências legais, concluímos que as empresas que possuem PPPA dedicam maiores esforços à prevenção de perdas auditivas. Com estes dados identificamos pontos fortes e fracos das medidas que vêm sendo adotadas pelas indústrias da região, os quais poderão nos direcionar à elaboração de medidas preventivas mais efetivas e de propostas para revisão da legislação vigente.AIM: The objective of this study is to examine if the hearing loss prevention practices in industries located in the greater

Relative thermoluminescent efficiencies proton/gamma and helium/gamma of peaks of high temperature in TLD-100 dosemeters; Eficiencias termoluminiscentes relativas proton/gamma y helio/gamma de picos de alta temperatura en dosimetros TLD-100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flores M, E. [UNAM, Facultad de Ciencias, 04510 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2007-07-01

The increase of the applications of ion beams in radiotherapy treatments has generated interest in the study of the thermoluminescent materials (TL) that allow to determine the applied doses. A way to quantify the TL response from these materials to ions is by means of the relative thermoluminescent efficiency. In the group of Thermoluminescent dosimetry of the Institute of Physics of the UNAM (IFUNAM) the thermoluminescent response of the TLD-100 dosemeters has been studied, which present a glow curve characteristic with several peaks that correspond to traps and luminescent centers in the material. The stable peaks know each other as 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The efficiencies should be measured using the response so much to the radiation of interest (in this case protons and helium ions) as the response to gamma radiation. In previous works with ions of low energy taken place in the Pelletron accelerator of the IFUNAM was only measured the TL efficiency for the peak 5 and the total signal. It had not been possible to measure the efficiency of the peaks of high temperature (6a-10) because, for the gamma radiation, the peaks of high temperature show very small signals; however, recently Massillon carries out measures of efficiency TL of peaks of high temperature for ions of intermediate energy using a protocol special of reading and of deconvolution that allows to measure the signals coming from the peaks of high temperature. In this work is implemented this same protocol to complete the study of TL efficiencies at low energy of protons and helium and to determine if the values of efficiency depend on the used reading protocol. For it is reported it measures of the relative efficiency of the peaks of high temperature from the TLD-100 exposed to protons of 1.5 MeV and nuclei of helium of 3 and 7.5 MeV. (Author)

Diseño de auditoría de un SGSI – Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad de la Información, basado en ISO 27001

OpenAIRE

Espol; Chang Aguilar, Miguel ángel

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo pretende proporcionar una guía para llevar a cabo una auditoria a un SGSI – Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad de la Información, implementado de manera formal o no, durante el desarrollo de la guía se podrán identificar las actividades clave para llevar a cabo esta actividad y realizar una verificación independiente del grado de implementación del SGSI, de los controles detallados y de la madurez de los procesos del SGSI basado en la norma NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 27001:2011. Gua...

The application of the expert system Seilum for the energy assessment in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) illumination, phase 1: Acatlan; Aplicacion del sistema experto Seilum para la evaluacion energetica de la iluminacion en la UNAM, fase 1: Acatlan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemper Valverde, Nicolas; Lara Rosano, Felipe; Sanchez Cifuentes, Augusto [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1993-12-31

This paper analyses the characteristics of the expert system Seilum and its first validation after being employed to compare the energy audit of the illumination installations carried out at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)`s Acatlan Unit. In accordance with these results, the perspectives of its generalized application in the balance of the units is proposed, as well as in the small and medium size Mexican industry. [Espanol] En este trabajo se discuten las caracteristicas del sistema experto Seilum y su primera validacion luego de haber sido empleado para comparar la auditoria energetica de las instalaciones de iluminacion llevada a cabo en la unidad de acatlan de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). De acuerdo a estos resultados se plantean las perspectivas de su empleo generalizado en las demas unidades, asi como en la pequena y mediana industria mexicana.

The application of the expert system Seilum for the energy assessment in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) illumination, phase 1: Acatlan; Aplicacion del sistema experto Seilum para la evaluacion energetica de la iluminacion en la UNAM, fase 1: Acatlan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemper Valverde, Nicolas; Lara Rosano, Felipe; Sanchez Cifuentes, Augusto [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1992-12-31

This paper analyses the characteristics of the expert system Seilum and its first validation after being employed to compare the energy audit of the illumination installations carried out at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM)`s Acatlan Unit. In accordance with these results, the perspectives of its generalized application in the balance of the units is proposed, as well as in the small and medium size Mexican industry. [Espanol] En este trabajo se discuten las caracteristicas del sistema experto Seilum y su primera validacion luego de haber sido empleado para comparar la auditoria energetica de las instalaciones de iluminacion llevada a cabo en la unidad de acatlan de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). De acuerdo a estos resultados se plantean las perspectivas de su empleo generalizado en las demas unidades, asi como en la pequena y mediana industria mexicana.

Effect of temperatures up to 130 deg C on the responses of TLD 700

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Douglas, J A; Binns, P J [UKAEA Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell. Environmental and Medical Sciences Div.

1984-01-01

The need to measure doses at temperatures up to 130 deg C led to an investigation into the effect of exposure and storage at these temperatures on the response of TLD 700 before and after UV phototransfer. As a preliminary, the delays required during the UV re-estimation process were optimised. The effects of storage and exposure were compared. This was followed by a detailed examination of the effects of storage at temperatures up to 130 deg C. Glow curves were analysed to investigate the rates of growth and decay of the different peaks. The findings for peaks 6 and 7 are compatible with previously reported effects at lower temperatures on peaks 3, 4 and 5. Storage at temperatures of 130 deg C or below for periods up to 28 days does not affect the UV photo-transfer response.

Obtention of thermoluminescent efficiencies by means of irradiation of TLD-100 dosemeters with proton beams helium and carbon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avila, O.; Rodriguez V, M.; Aviles, P.; Gamboa de Buen, I.; Buenfil, A.E.; Ruiz T, C.; Brandan, M.E.

2002-01-01

In this work, the advances of a serial of measurements of relative efficiency thermoluminescent of heavy charged particles (PCP) with respect to gamma radiation for TLD-100, dosemeters of LiF: Mg,Ti manufactured by the Harshaw-Bicron company are reported. The PCP are essentials in the implementation of dosimetry associated with medical applications. The measurements before gamma radiation were carrying out using the Vickrad irradiator of the National Institute of Nuclear Research at dose of 1.663 Gy. The measures which are reported about protons, helium and carbon were realized using the Pelletron accelerator of the Physics Institute of the UNAM. (Author)

Tendências da função do enfermeiro auditor no mercado em saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariane Fazzolo Scarparo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las tendencias actuales y futuras (próximos cinco años de la función del enfermero auditor en el sector de salud. La investigación fue estructurada utilizando la técnica Delphi, a través de dos rondas, con la participación final de 34 enfermeras de instituciones de salud y educación en Brasil. Los datos fueron procesados por la estadística descriptiva. Los resultados evidencian que en la actualidad, la auditoria de enfermería está enfocada en los aspectos burocráticos, como contabilidad y finanzas, satisfaciendo las exigencias de las instituciones de salud. Cuando esa tendencia se proyecta al futuro, se observa una tendencia de cambio, incorporando la evaluación de la calidad de la atención en salud. En relación a los métodos actuales, los profesionales actúan según la forma retrospectiva, interna, ocupándose de las etapas de recolección y análisis de los pagos de cuentas. A medida que la auditoria de enfermería incorporar la evaluación de la calidad en su práctica, según la tendencia para los próximos cinco años, los métodos para su realización se modificarán, agregando diferentes maneras para sostener la nueva realidad.

Response of TLD-100 LiF dosimeters for X-rays of low energies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonzi, E. V.; Mainardi, R. T.

2011-10-01

In diverse practical applications as the existent in radiological clinics, industrial facilities and research laboratories, the solid state dosimeters are used for the measure of the different types of ionizing radiations. At the present time dosimeters are manufactured with different types of materials that present thermoluminescent properties, to the effects of determining the absorbed radiation dose. Under these conditions, the radiation dose is determined integrated in all the range of energies of the beam of X-rays, since it assumes that the response of these dosimeters is lineal with the energy of the photons or radiant particles. Because interest exists in advancing in the development of a determination method in the way of the X-rays spectrum emitted by a tube of those used in diagnostic or therapy, we have measured the response of TLD-100 LiF dosimeters for low energies, minor at 60 keV, for a several group of these dosimeters. (Author)

Determination of the dose in eyes lens by TLD, in PET/CT by technicians in PET/CT service; Determinacion de la dosis en cristalino por medio de TLD, en personal tecnico de servicio PET/CT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marino, Emiliano A., E-mail: eam.marino@gmail.com [Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNC), Rio Negro (Argentina). Instituto Balseiro; Arenas, German M. [Fundacion Escuela de Medicina Nuclear (FUESMEN), Mendoza (Argentina)

2013-11-01

This work was supported, on the one hand, in a part of the project ORAMED which consisted of a design of a TLD dosimeter for measurements of Hp (3) in areas close to the lens, for interventional radiology physicians. On the other hand, Berhens work proposes using calibrated TLDs Hp (0.07) and Hp (10) to estimate Hp (3) crystal. This resulted in dosimeters calibrated using Hp (10) slab, and mount them on glasses, to estimate the dose to the lens of the technical staff of the Service PET / CT. The value obtained 29mSv/year of Lens Dose Equivalent exceeds the recommended limit. We also demonstrate that, under the current working conditions, the values of Hp (3) reported from whole body dosimeter does not represent faithfully the lens dose.

O Fluxo de Informações na Auditoria Pública e a Teoria Matemática da Comunicação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William Guedes

2014-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2014v19n40p33 Trata das similaridades entre o ciclo informacional na atividade de auditoria pública e conceitos apresentados pela Teoria Matemática da Comunicação proposta por Claude Shannon em 1948, como ruído, redundância, capacidade do canal de comunicação e codificação. Foram verificados em estudo de caso como se realizam os processos de seleção, armazenamento, tratamento técnico de documentos e recuperação da informação no sistema de controle interno federal, bem como os fatores que interferem na qualidade da comunicação realizada por meio de documentos. Também é abordada a questão da neutralidade do canal de comunicação, tema presente em discussões na Ciência da Informação, a exemplo da valoração do documento segundo a teoria arquivística. Finalmente, são delimitadas as analogias entre teoria matemática e o ciclo informacional, considerando-se que qualquer suporte que apresente informação a ser tratada sob o ponto de vista informacional é um documento e também um canal de comunicação.

Measure of the attenuation curve of a beam of X-rays with TLD-100 dosimeters of LiF

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonzi, E. V.; Mainardi, R. T.; Germanier, A.; Delgado, V.

2011-10-01

The attenuation curve of a beam of X-rays represents the beam intensity in function of the attenuator thickness interposed between the source and the detector. To know with the major possible precision the attenuation curve is indispensable in procedures of spectral reconstruction. Their periodic measuring also offers valuable information on the correct operation of a tube of X-rays, diagnostic or therapy, when not have a specific detector for that activity. In this work was measured the attenuation curve of a tube of X-rays operated to 50 kV and 0.5 ma, using existent elements in any diagnostic or therapy laboratory with radiations. In the measures commercial aluminum foil was used, bent until 24 times and thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD 100 - LiF. Also, for comparison, was measured this attenuation curve with an ionization chamber brand Capintec model 192. Was determined by X-rays fluorescence the composition of the aluminium foil, since the present elements in the alloy can to affect the form of the attenuation curve. It is interesting to observe that these elements are in very low proportion (ppm) that they do not alter the attenuation capacity of the pure aluminium. Finally in a precision balance we weigh a big piece (30 cm x 100 cm) of aluminium foil and we obtained the thickness in g/c m2. It is possible to obtain attenuation curves of a beam of X-rays, with a high precision procedure and reproducibility. The use of TLD-100 dosimeters of LiF or similar makes that this activity was also quick and simple. (Author)

The application of artificial neural networks to TLD dose algorithm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moscovitch, M.

1997-01-01

We review the application of feed forward neural networks to multi element thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) dose algorithm development. A Neural Network is an information processing method inspired by the biological nervous system. A dose algorithm based on a neural network is a fundamentally different approach from conventional algorithms, as it has the capability to learn from its own experience. The neural network algorithm is shown the expected dose values (output) associated with a given response of a multi-element dosimeter (input) many times.The algorithm, being trained that way, eventually is able to produce its own unique solution to similar (but not exactly the same) dose calculation problems. For personnel dosimetry, the output consists of the desired dose components: deep dose, shallow dose, and eye dose. The input consists of the TL data obtained from the readout of a multi-element dosimeter. For this application, a neural network architecture was developed based on the concept of functional links network (FLN). The FLN concept allowed an increase in the dimensionality of the input space and construction of a neural network without any hidden layers. This simplifies the problem and results in a relatively simple and reliable dose calculation algorithm. Overall, the neural network dose algorithm approach has been shown to significantly improve the precision and accuracy of dose calculations. (authors)

Thermoluminescent response of dosemeters TLD-100 exposed to distinct baker protocols, irradiation and reading; Respuesta termoluminiscente de dosimetros TLD-100 sujetos a distintos protocolos de horneado, irradiacion y lectura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estrada E, D

2002-07-01

The interest that motivated the realization of this work is the opposing discrepancy among the values of the efficiency thermoluminescent of heavy charged particles (PCP) regarding gamma radiation ({eta}{sub PCP}, {gamma}) reported in different works and gathered recently for Horowitz (Ho 01). The measures of relative thermoluminescent efficiency have importance in relation to the dosimetry associated to medical therapy with heavy charged particle. The measurement of {eta}{sub PCP}, {gamma} depends of multiple experimental factors. To understand this dependence it was quantified the effect of using different procedures experimental in the estimate of the relative thermoluminescent efficiency of dosemeters TLD-100 (LiF: Ti; Mg) for protons of 3 MeV regarding gamma rays of {sup 60}Co ({eta}{sub PCP}, {gamma}), varying the lot, the presentation, the one baked and the team reader. When was used the same global procedure values they were obtained for ({eta}{sub PCP}, {gamma}) inside the interval [0.30, 0.58] for the peak 5 and [0.35, 0.76] for the total thermoluminescent signal (Tl). At the use different equipment, baked and lot are obtained maximum differences of 30%, 12% and 6% respectively in the values of ({eta}{sub PCP}, {gamma}) for the peak 5, and 25%, 28% and 7% for the total Tl signal. The changes more significant of 36% and 44% for peak 5 and total signal respectively are obtained when changing the presentation of the dosemeter. As a complementary investigation it was studied the distribution of the Tl signal of each peak in the deconvolution of the curve of brightness with regard to the total signal in exposed dosemeters to high fluence of protons (1x10{sup 10} p/cm{sup 2}) varying the experimental protocol. It was found that the distribution of the Tl signal has a difference of the order of 5% when changing the used reading team. It was observed that the contribution of the peak 5 regarding the total signal are preserved when changing baked and that it

IAEA/ WHO TLD postal dose intercomparison results in Bangladesh

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mollah, A.S.; Bhuiyan, N.U.; Rahman, S.

2001-01-01

Full text: For the accurate delivery of prescribed dose to the patients, high precision and accuracy in radiation dosimetry is required. The hospital/medical physicist is responsible for the accurate delivery of whole planned radiation doses to the patients prescribed by the radio therapist. The proper delivery of radiation doses depends upon the accurate output measurements of doses from the therapy machines. In Bangladesh, only six 60 Co units and five deep therapy machines are in use. Some more are expected to be installed soon. Still in 2001, none of the Government radiotherapy centers in Bangladesh was properly equipped with medical physicists as well as radiotherapy dosimetry equipment. Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) is responsible for radiation safety in Bangladesh and BAEC has assigned Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of Bangladesh for providing dosimetry calibration to all radiotherapy centers in Bangladesh. The output measurements of therapy machines are performed once in a year by SSDL and the results are compared by participating in the annual TLD postal dose intercomparison program organized by IAEA/WHO SSDL Network. The absorbed dose to water is determined using IAEA dosimetry protocol (TRS 277 and 381) and water phantom of size 30 x 30 x 30 cm 3 , The measurements of SSDL are traceable to NPL of UK. The accuracy achieved in SSDL, Bangladesh has been found better than ± 3.5%, which is within the prescribed limit of dosimetry standard of IAEA. The methodology of output dose measurements in different radiotherapy centers in Bangladesh is described along with the IAEA/WHO intercomparison results

Quality control in medical radiology using T.L.D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rolemberg Silva, F.A.; Nascimento Souza, D. do

2006-01-01

In this work tests of quality control in beams of X rays have been carried out, at diagnostic level, of two radiological services equipments of Brazilian hospitals (Aracaju, SE). We obtained the air kerma and kerma rate values, the beams efficiency, the coherence between the luminous fields and the referring fields of irradiation and half-value layer to each equipment and set of parameters. The measures of direct form have been obtained using two ionization chambers, one cylindrical and another one with parallel plates. An optional method for accomplishment some of the tests were carried out with CaSO 4 :Dy + Teflon thermoluminescent dosimeters. The values of air kerma were evaluated for three tube voltage, 40, 60 and 81 kV at 1.0 m from the focus of the equipments. For each one of the voltages three distinct current values were chosen besides a fixed value of exposition time. The results showed that the values of air kerma varied between 8.0 μGy and 0.35 μGy. The T.L.D. have revealed useful for the measures if the response to the dose is previously known for each set of beam parameters used for the irradiations. Otherwise, the tests with the dosimeters can serve to evaluate the beams conditions and their reproducibility. The evaluation results of coherence between the luminous fields and the irradiation fields demonstrated that the difference between the radiation and the luminous fields did not exceed 2% of the distance between the focal point and the film. We found satisfactory values for half-value layer. (author)

Fire Safety Aspects of Polymeric Materials. Volume 7. Buildings

Science.gov (United States)

1979-01-01

Custodial Buildings 136 4.5.5 Retail Stores, Malls, etc. 138 l’ 4.5.6 Restaurants and Nightclubs 4.5.7 Public Assembly Occupancies - Auditoria , Theaters... auditoria , theaters, exhibition halls, arenas, transportation terminals; educational buildings and indus- trial buildings. Many of the fire safety...usage are developed. 4.5.7 Public Assembly Occupancies - Auditoria , Theaters, Exhibition Halls, Arenas, Transportation Terminals, Etc. The factors

Numerical simulation of a TLD pulsed laser-heating scheme for determination of shallow dose and deep dose in low-LET radiation fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kearfott, K.J.; Han, S.; Wagner, E.C.; Samei, E.; Wang, C.-K.C.

2000-01-01

A new method is described to determine the depth-dose distribution in low-LET radiation fields using a thick thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) with a pulsed laser-heating scheme to obtain TL glow output. The computational simulation entails heat conduction and glow curve production processes. An iterative algorithm is used to obtain the dose distribution in the detector. The simulation results indicate that the method can predict the shallow and deep dose in various radiation fields with relative errors less than 20%

La auditoria sociolaboral y los estudios de relaciones laborales

OpenAIRE

Benito Bermejo, José Luis

2016-01-01

Se analizan los estudios de Relaciones Laborales en relación al perfil profesional de auditor sociolaboral, haciendo un repaso de la historia de ambos, así como comparando la titulación con otras titulaciones. Se concluye con una propuesta de futuro para los estudios de Relaciones Laborales. Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos (Segovia)

Proposta de um modelo de gestão pela qualidade para um abatedouro/frigorifico de suínos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Odair José Mombach

2011-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a importância do fator qualidade na indústria de alimentos e avaliar o processo de produção de um frigorífico/abatedouro de suínos, analisando o atendimento a alguns requisitos de qualidade como as Boas Praticas de Fabricação e o atendimento as exigências do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA. Nas vistorias realizadas na entrada sanitária e nos acompanhamentos utilizando o relatório de auditoria do serviço de Inspeção Federal, detectaram-se várias não conformidades. A partir desta constatação, apresenta-se um conjunto de diretrizes para a confecção e implantação de um manual de qualidade, com o objetivo de conscientizar, orientar e direcionar os profissionais envolvidos no processo. Sendo possível obter alimentos seguros, garantindo o atendimento das expectativas dos mercados interno e externo e consequentemente, aumentar a competitividade da empresa. Atendendo assim as Boas Praticas de Fabricação e cumprindo com as exigências legais vigentes, estruturando um modelo de gestão pela qualidade.

Beta response of CaSO4:Dy based TLD badge and its angular dependence studies for personnel monitoring applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Munish; Rakesh, R.B.; Sneha, C.; Ratna, P.; Bakshi, A.K.; Datta, D.

2016-01-01

In India, shallow/skin doses received by radiation workers from beta particles are measured using CaSO 4 :Dy based Teflon embedded TLD badge. The beta particles having maximum energy E max > 0.6 MeV - ≥ 3.54 MeV are monitored. The ratio of the response of discs under open and plastic regions (D Open/ D Perspex ) is used to estimate the energy of the beta source and to apply response correction factor. This is required as the disc dosimeters are thick and exhibit energy dependent response. Due to lack of comprehensive information regarding disc ratios and associated beta multiplication/response correction factors, present study was performed

Dose measurements in space by the Hungarian Pille TLD system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apathy, I.; Deme, S.; Feher, I.; Akatov, Y.A.; Reitz, G.; Arkhanguelski, V.V.

2002-01-01

Exposure of crew, equipment, and experiments to the ambient space radiation environment in low Earth orbit poses one of the most significant problems to long-term space habitation. Accurate dose measurement has become increasingly important during the assembly (extravehicular activity (EVA)) and operation of space stations such as on Space Station Mir. Passive integrating detector systems such as thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) are commonly used for dosimetry mapping and personal dosimetry on space vehicles. The well-known advantages of passive detector systems are their independence of power supply, small dimensions, high sensitivity, good stability, wide measuring range, resistance to environmental effects, and relatively low cost. Nevertheless, they have the general disadvantage that for evaluation purposes they need a laboratory or large--in mass and power consumption--terrestrial equipment, and consequently they cannot provide time-resolved dose data during long-term space flights. KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute (KFKI AEKI) has developed and manufactured a series of thermoluminescent dosemeter systems for measuring cosmic radiation doses in the 10 μGy to 10 Gy range, consisting of a set of bulb dosemeters and a compact, self-contained, TLD reader suitable for on-board evaluation of the dosemeters. By means of such a system, highly accurate measurements were carried out on board the Salyut-6, -7 and Mir Space Stations as well as on the Space Shuttle. A detailed description of the system is given and the comprehensive results of these measurements are summarised

The Judge Advocate’s Dual Mission in a Low-Intensity Conflict Environment. Case Study: Joint Task Force-Bravo, Where Can I Shoot the Prisoners? Is Never the Question

Science.gov (United States)

1991-04-01

pressured the most accessible debtors into payment, while the CJA filed a request for assistance with the Auditoria General (AG) (essentially, The Judge...Assists J-3, and DCSENG in Procuring Land Use Agreements. Works in tandem with Mobile District Engineers and Auditoria General in Drafting Land Leases...approved by the Embassy, and endorsed by the Auditoria General to exonerate A-lI U.S. from payment of three existing bills then coordination among

SU-E-T-108: Development of a Novel Clinical Neutron Dose Monitor for Proton Therapy Based On Twin TLD500 Chips in a Small PE Moderator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hentschel, R; Mukherjee, B

2014-01-01

Purpose: In proton therapy, it could be desirable to measure out-of-field fast neutron doses at critical locations near and outside the patient body. Methods: The working principle of a novel clinical neutron dose monitor is verified by MCNPX simulation. The device is based on a small PE moderator of just 5.5cm side length for easy handling covered with a thermal neutron suppression layer. In the simulation, a polystyrene phantom is bombarded with a standard proton beam. The secondary thermal neutron flux produced inside the moderator by the impinging fast neutrons from the treatment volume is estimated by pairs of α-Al2O3:C (TLD500) chips which are evaluated offline after the treatment either by TL or OSL methods. The first chip is wrapped with 0.5mm natural Gadolinium foil converting the thermal neutrons to gammas via (n,γ) reaction. The second chip is wrapped with a dummy material. The chip centers have a distance of 2cm from each other. Results: The simulation shows that the difference of gamma doses in the TLD500 chips is correlated to the mean fast neutron dose delivered to the moderator material. Different outer shielding materials have been studied. 0.5mm Cadmium shielding is preferred for cost reasons and convenience. Replacement of PE moderator material by other materials like lead or iron at any place is unfavorable. The spatial orientation of the moderator cube is uncritical. Using variance reduction techniques like splitting/Russian roulette, the TLD500 gamma dose simulation give positive differences up to distances of 0.5m from the treatment volume. Conclusion: Applicability and basic layout of a novel clinical neutron dose monitor are demonstrated. The monitor measures PE neutron doses at locations outside the patient body up to distances of 0.5m from the treatment volume. Tissue neutron doses may be calculated using neutron kerma factors

Relative thermoluminescent efficiencies proton/gamma and helium/gamma of peaks of high temperature in TLD-100 dosemeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flores M, E.

2007-01-01

The increase of the applications of ion beams in radiotherapy treatments has generated interest in the study of the thermoluminescent materials (TL) that allow to determine the applied doses. A way to quantify the TL response from these materials to ions is by means of the relative thermoluminescent efficiency. In the group of Thermoluminescent dosimetry of the Institute of Physics of the UNAM (IFUNAM) the thermoluminescent response of the TLD-100 dosemeters has been studied, which present a glow curve characteristic with several peaks that correspond to traps and luminescent centers in the material. The stable peaks know each other as 4, 5, 6a, 6b, 7, 8, 9 and 10. The efficiencies should be measured using the response so much to the radiation of interest (in this case protons and helium ions) as the response to gamma radiation. In previous works with ions of low energy taken place in the Pelletron accelerator of the IFUNAM was only measured the TL efficiency for the peak 5 and the total signal. It had not been possible to measure the efficiency of the peaks of high temperature (6a-10) because, for the gamma radiation, the peaks of high temperature show very small signals; however, recently Massillon carries out measures of efficiency TL of peaks of high temperature for ions of intermediate energy using a protocol special of reading and of deconvolution that allows to measure the signals coming from the peaks of high temperature. In this work is implemented this same protocol to complete the study of TL efficiencies at low energy of protons and helium and to determine if the values of efficiency depend on the used reading protocol. For it is reported it measures of the relative efficiency of the peaks of high temperature from the TLD-100 exposed to protons of 1.5 MeV and nuclei of helium of 3 and 7.5 MeV. (Author)

Remote system for measurement of radon alpha emitter for population safety guards; Sistema remoto de medicion de radon alfa emisor para la salvaguarda poblacional-3599

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jesus, Vasquez, E-mail: jesus.vasguez@lnl.infn.it [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro (Italy). Laboratorio Nazionale di Legnaro; Sajo-Bohus, Laszlo; Palacios, Daniel; Barros, Haydn, E-mail: sajobohus@gmail.com, E-mail: sanjuro.perdomo@gmail.com, E-mail: lab.nuclear@gmail.com [Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB), Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of). Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear

2013-07-01

The objective of this research project is to study the OSL properties for high doses of dosemeters traditionally applied in thermoluminescent dosimetry (TL), as CaF2: Dy (TLD 200) and CaF2: Mn (TLD 400), and thus verify the applicability of OSL technique in high-dose dosimetry.

Seminoma of the testis: is scrotal shielding necessary when radiotherapy is limited to the para-aortic nodes?

Science.gov (United States)

Bieri, S; Rouzaud, M; Miralbell, R

1999-03-01

To evaluate the influence of different shielding conditions and field geometry on the scatter dose to the remaining testicle during postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in seminoma. Testicular dose measurements were made with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in 29 patients with stage I and IIA seminoma. The target volume consisted of para-aortic (PA) and para-aortic and homolateral iliac (PAI) lymph nodes in 14 and 15 patients, respectively. All patients had a scrotal shield as well as an additional block extending 7 cm inferiorly from the caudal field edge to shield the testicle from external scatter and collimator leakage. Doses with and without testicular blocks were measured for all patients. In seven patients treated exclusively to the PA region the gonadal dose was assessed according to four different shielding conditions: without any protection, with a gonadal shield alone, with the addition of an inferior field border block to the gonadal shield, and with the field border block alone. For patients treated with PAI fields the mean testicular doses per fraction were 3.89 cGy (S.D. +/- 1.44) and 1.48 cGy (S.D. +/- 0.51) without and with gonadal shielding, respectively (P-value shielding conditions, the additional external block to the testicular shield did not reduce significantly the measured dose on the testis. These results suggest a benefit of gonadal shielding even in seminoma patients undergoing radiotherapy limited to the para-aortic region.

Type tests to the automatic thermoluminescent dosimetry system acquired by the CPHR for personal dosimetry; Pruebas tipo al sistema de dosimetria termoluminiscente automatico adquirido por el CPHR para dosimetria personal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molina P, D.; Pernas S, R.; Martinez G, A. [Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones (CPHR), Calle 20 No. 4113 e/41 y 47. Playa, C.P. 11300, A.P. 6195, C.P. 10600 La Habana (Cuba)

2006-07-01

The CPHR individual monitoring service acquired an automatic RADOS TLD system to improve its capacities to satisfy the increasing needs of their national customers. The TLD system consists of: two automatic TLD reader, model DOSACUS, a TLD irradiator and personal dosimeters card including slide and holders. The dosimeters were composed by this personal dosimeters card and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (model GR-200) detectors. These readers provide to detectors a constant temperature readout cycle using hot nitrogen gas. In order to evaluate the performance characteristics of the system, different performance tests recommended by the IEC 1066 standard were carried out. Important dosimetric characteristics evaluated were batch homogeneity, reproducibility, detection threshold, energy dependence, residual signal and fading. The results of the tests showed good performance characteristics of the system. (Author)

Improvements in the Tl dosimetry for Radiotherapy; Mejoras en la dosimetria Tl para Radioterapia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bustos, S.; Velez, G.; Rubio, M. [CEPROCOR. Arenales 230 Juniors Cordoba 5000 (Argentina)

1998-12-31

The thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) in vivo has been demonstrated to be one of the most reliable for the control of radiotherapeutic treatments, but the delay in the response is the main disadvantage in its applicability. In this work are presented important improvements and it is demonstrated that maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the technique, it is possible to accelerate the response times at a few hours. To realize this work is utilized a lecturer Harshaw 4000, dosemeters LiF-TLD-100 chips (3.1 x 3.1 x 0.89 mm{sup 3}) and rods (1 x 1 x 6 mm{sup 3}). With the implementation of a glow curve analysis program developed in CIEMAT, its obtained a Tl peaks separation in such manner rapid and accurate, by that the thermal treatment of dosemeters may be reduced at one unique annealing pre-irradiation for 1 hr at 400 Centigrade. It is realized a periodical and individual calibration of the TLD and a study of the factors which influencing the ratio Tl signal-dose as linearity, correction by energy, directional response and pride of Tl signal. the results of this study are introducing in a calculation list specially designed and which allows to obtain absorbed dose by TLD starting of the dates (dosimetric peaks area) which appear of the glow curves analysis. The dose is obtained with an accuracy less than 5 %. The dosemeters already irradiated (in vivo) are analysed and informed in only four hours, allowing a greater control of the treatment and a correction of the possible errors for the next session, still in bi fractional treatments. The method implemented results thus accurate, rapid and reliable. (Author)

On the effect of updated MCNP photon cross section data on the simulated response of the HPA TLD.

Science.gov (United States)

Eakins, Jonathan

2009-02-01

The relative response of the new Health Protection Agency thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) has been calculated for Narrow Series X-ray distribution and (137)Cs photon sources using the Monte Carlo code MCNP5, and the results compared with those obtained during its design stage using the predecessor code, MCNP4c2. The results agreed at intermediate energies (approximately 0.1 MeV to (137)Cs), but differed at low energies (<0.1 MeV) by up to approximately 10%. This disparity has been ascribed to differences in the default photon interaction data used by the two codes, and derives ultimately from the effect on absorbed dose of the recent updates to the photoelectric cross sections. The sources of these data have been reviewed.

Systematical and statistical errors in using reference light sources to calibrate TLD readers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burgkhardt, B.; Piesch, E.

1981-01-01

Three light sources, namely an NaI(Tl) scintillator + Ra, an NaI(Tl) scintillator + 14 C and a plastic scintillator + 14 C, were used during a period of 24 months for a daily check of two TLD readers: the Harshaw 2000 A + B and the Toledo 651. On the basis of light source measurements long-term changes and day-to-day fluctuations of the reader response were investigated. Systematical changes of the Toledo reader response of up to 6% during a working week are explained by nitrogen effects in the plastic scintillator light source. It was found that the temperature coefficient of the light source intensity was -0.05%/ 0 C for the plastic scintillator and -0.3%/ 0 C for the NaI(Tl) scintillator. The 210 Pb content in the Ra activated NaI(Tl) scintillator caused a time-dependent decrease in light source intensity of 3%/yr for the light source in the Harshaw reader. The internal light sources revealed a relative standard deviation of 0.5% for the Toledo reader and the Harshaw reader after respective reading times of 0.45 and 100 sec. (author)

Type tests to the automatic system of thermoluminescent dosimetry acquired by the CPHR for personnel dosimetry; Pruebas tipo al sistema de dosimetria termoluminiscente automatico adquirido por el CPHR para dosimetria personal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Molina P, D.; Pernas S, R. [Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de las Radiaciones (CPHR), Calle 20, No. 4113 e/ 41 y 47, Miramar, Ciudad de la Habana (Cuba)]. e-mail: daniel@cphr.edu.cu

2005-07-01

The CPHR individual monitoring service acquired an automatic RADOS TLD system to improve its capacities to satisfy the increasing needs of their national customers. The TLD system consists of: two automatic TLD reader, model DOSACUS, a TLD irradiator and personal dosimeters card including slide and holders. The dosimeters were composed by this personal dosimeters card and LiF: Mg,Cu,P (model GR-200) detectors. These readers provide to detectors a constant temperature readout cycle using hot nitrogen gas. In order to evaluate the performance characteristics of the system, different performance tests recommended by the IEC 1066 standard were carried out. Important dosimetric characteristics evaluated were batch homogeneity, reproducibility, detection threshold, energy dependence, residual signal and fading. The results of the tests showed good performance characteristics of the system. (Author)

Response analysis of TLD-300 dosimeters in heavy-particle beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loncol, Th.; Hamal, M.; Vynckier, S.; Scalliet, P.; Denis, J.M.; Wambersie, A.

1996-01-01

In vivo dosimetry is recommended as part of the quality control procedure for treatment verification in radiation therapy. Using thermoluminescence, such controls are planned in the p(65)+Be neutron and 85 MeV proton beams produced at the cyclotron at Louvain-La-Neuve and dedicated to therapy applications. A preliminary study of the peak 3 (150 deg. C) and peak 5 (250 deg. C) response of CaF 2 :Tm (TLD-300) to neutron and proton beams aimed to analyse the effect of different radiation qualities on the dosimetric behaviour of the detector irradiated in phantom. To broaden the range of investigation, the study was extended to an experimental C-12 heavy ion beam (95 MeV/nucleon). The peak 3 and 5 sensitivities in the neutron beam, compared to Co-60, varied little with depth. A major change of peak 5 sensitivity was observed for samples positioned under five leaves of the multi-leaf collimator. While peak 3 sensitivity was constant with depth in the unmodulated proton beam, peak 5 sensitivity increased by 15%. Near the Bragg peak, peak 3 showed the highest decrease of sensitivity. In the modulated proton beam, the sensitivity values were not significantly smaller than those measured in the unmodulated beam far from the Bragg peak region. The ratio of the heights of peak 3 and peak 5 decreased by 70% from the Co-60 reference radiation to the C-12 heavy-ion beam. This parameter was strongly correlated with the change of radiation quality. (author)

Las Uniones temporales de empresas en el nuevo PGC.

OpenAIRE

Arimany Serrat, Núria

2008-01-01

El lnstituto de Contabilidad y Auditoria de Cuentas (lCAC) aprovo el 16 de noviembre de 2007 el nuevo Plan General de Contabilidad (Real Decreto 1514/2007), con caracter general (PGC 07); y el de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas, junto con los criterios contables especificos para las microempresas (Real Decreto 1515/2007). EI articulo que se presenta centra su atencion en los cambios experimentados en la redaccion del nuevo PGC 07 con referencia a los negocios conjuntos, en convergencia con l...

Thermoluminescent response of dosemeters TLD-100 exposed to distinct baker protocols, irradiation and reading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Estrada E, D.

2002-01-01

The interest that motivated the realization of this work is the opposing discrepancy among the values of the efficiency thermoluminescent of heavy charged particles (PCP) regarding gamma radiation (η PCP , γ) reported in different works and gathered recently for Horowitz (Ho 01). The measures of relative thermoluminescent efficiency have importance in relation to the dosimetry associated to medical therapy with heavy charged particle. The measurement of η PCP , γ depends of multiple experimental factors. To understand this dependence it was quantified the effect of using different procedures experimental in the estimate of the relative thermoluminescent efficiency of dosemeters TLD-100 (LiF: Ti; Mg) for protons of 3 MeV regarding gamma rays of 60 Co (η PCP , γ), varying the lot, the presentation, the one baked and the team reader. When was used the same global procedure values they were obtained for (η PCP , γ) inside the interval [0.30, 0.58] for the peak 5 and [0.35, 0.76] for the total thermoluminescent signal (Tl). At the use different equipment, baked and lot are obtained maximum differences of 30%, 12% and 6% respectively in the values of (η PCP , γ) for the peak 5, and 25%, 28% and 7% for the total Tl signal. The changes more significant of 36% and 44% for peak 5 and total signal respectively are obtained when changing the presentation of the dosemeter. As a complementary investigation it was studied the distribution of the Tl signal of each peak in the deconvolution of the curve of brightness with regard to the total signal in exposed dosemeters to high fluence of protons (1x10 10 p/cm 2 ) varying the experimental protocol. It was found that the distribution of the Tl signal has a difference of the order of 5% when changing the used reading team. It was observed that the contribution of the peak 5 regarding the total signal are preserved when changing baked and that it results to be 8% greater for the presentation in dosemeters of 1 x 1 x 1 mm 3

Lydspredende flater (diffusorer)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rindel, Jens Holger

This is a note on the design methods for diffusers in auditoria. Information note for the building industry.......This is a note on the design methods for diffusers in auditoria. Information note for the building industry....

The use of TLD-700H dosemeters in the assessment of external doses at the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site.

Science.gov (United States)

Hill, P; Dederichs, H; Pillath, J; Schlecht, W; Hille, R; Artemev, O; Ptitskaya, L; Akhmetov, M

2002-01-01

The joint projects performed since 1995 by the Jülich Research Centre in co-operation with the Kazakh National Nuclear Centre in the area of the former nuclear test site near Semipalatinsk, in eastern Kazakhstan, have assessed the current dose rate of the population at and around the test site, as well as determining retrospectively the dose rate of persons affected by the atmospheric tests. Measurements of the population by personal dosemeters depend on reliably wearing these dosemeters over prolonged periods of time, and of a sufficient dosemeter return. In the past, such measurements have been particularly successful whenever short wearing times were possible. This requires high sensitivity of the dosemeters. The suitability of the highly sensitive TLD material of the BICRON TLD 700H type for such personal dosimetry measurements was investigated. It was tested in practical field application at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in September 2000. Initial results are available from individual doses received by a group of geologists and a group of herdsmen at the test site. For the first time, the individual dose was measured directly in these population groups. Detection limits below 1 microSv permit informative measurements for wearing times of less than two weeks. Most individual doses did not arise significantly out of local fluctuations of natural background. A conservative assessment from the aspect of practical health physics yielded a mean personal dose of 0.55 microSv per day for the herdsmen, whereas the geologists received a mean personal dose of 0.45 microSv per day. For an annual exposure period of typically, about three months, the radiation dose received by the persons investigated, in addition to the natural radiation exposure, is thus well below the international limit value of 1 mSv x a(-1) for the population dose.

Determination of the dose in eyes lens by TLD, in PET/CT by technicians in PET/CT service

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marino, Emiliano A.

2013-01-01

This work was supported, on the one hand, in a part of the project ORAMED which consisted of a design of a TLD dosimeter for measurements of Hp (3) in areas close to the lens, for interventional radiology physicians. On the other hand, Berhens work proposes using calibrated TLDs Hp (0.07) and Hp (10) to estimate Hp (3) crystal. This resulted in dosimeters calibrated using Hp (10) slab, and mount them on glasses, to estimate the dose to the lens of the technical staff of the Service PET / CT. The value obtained 29mSv/year of Lens Dose Equivalent exceeds the recommended limit. We also demonstrate that, under the current working conditions, the values of Hp (3) reported from whole body dosimeter does not represent faithfully the lens dose

Proposta de indicadores para avaliação de desempenho dos Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental e de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho de Empresas do ramo de engenharia consultiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarissa Lima Almeida

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O processo de implantação de um sistema de gestão agrega valor à cultura organizacional, pois desenvolve competências relacionadas ao planejamento e execução das atividades, prioriza a capacidade de trabalho em equipe e promove a confiabilidade do sistema produtivo. Deste modo, uma das principais ferramentas utilizadas na política econômica das organizações tem sido a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA. Do mesmo modo, o crescente número de acidentes repercutidos na mídia fez com que as organizações buscassem nos Sistemas de Gestão de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SGSST o instrumento para alcançar melhores resultados na área de SST. O uso dos indicadores de avaliação de desempenho auxilia as organizações a quantificar e relatar o desempenho de seus sistemas de gestão. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um conjunto de indicadores de avaliação de desempenho para os SGA e SGSST de uma empresa certificada pelas normas NBR ISO 14001:2004 e OHSAS 18001:2007, a fim de melhorar o desempenho destes sistemas, contribuindo com seus processos de melhoria contínua. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa de engenharia consultiva, em que foram levantados os dados necessários para viabilizar a elaboração e proposta dos indicadores, por meio, principalmente, de entrevistas, aplicação de questionário aos funcionários e acompanhamento às auditorias realizadas na empresa. Desta forma, foram propostos 23 indicadores, sendo 11 para o SGA e 12 para o SGSST. Os indicadores propostos podem ser empregados em SGA e SGSST de empresas de qualquer ramo de atividade, por se tratar de indicadores de fácil implementação e controle.

Measurement of dose to skin using TLD of several radiodiagnostic studies in San Jose, Costa Rica; Medicion de dosis a piel utilizando TLD de varios estudios radiodiagnosticos en San Jose, Costa Rica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mora, P. [Laboratorio de Fisica Nuclear Aplicada, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose (Costa Rica)

1998-12-31

It is quantified the radiation doses on skin for several radiodiagnostic studies in patients of the Calderon Guardia Hospital in San Jose, Costa Rica at the period October 1997-September 1998 using thermoluminescent dosemeters TLD 100. The crystals receive the decoction standard procedures and they are arranged at the middle of the irradiation field. For a total of 973 radiodiagnostic studies it was found that the dose on skin in mGy are: 2.09 for thorax AP/AP, 5.33 for thorax LAT, 5.35 for skull AP/PA, 2.98 for skull LAT, 10.74 for abdomen, hips and pelvis, 6.20 for spines AP, 9.35 for spines LAT, 11.48 for lumbar columns AP, 29.99 for lumbar columns LAT and 6.87 for intravenous skin diagrams (first plate ap). It is produced thus the first reference bank for the national hospitals, which is compared with the orientation levels of doses for IAEA. Recommendations to diminish the collective doses through quality control programs are discussed, taking as goal to have got radiographs of excellent diagnostic quality, but with the less possible doses. (Author)

Poster - 24: Characterization of the energy dependence of high-sensitivity MCP-N TLD and Al2O3:C OSLD in-vivo dosimetry systems for 40–100 kVp energies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poirier, Yannick; Kuznetsova, Svetlana; Barajas, Eduardo Villarreal [Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary AB, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Tom Baker Cancer Center/University of Calgary, Calgary AB (Canada)

2016-08-15

Purpose: To characterize the energy dependence of high-sensitivity MCP-N TLD and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C OSLD dosimetry systems at low (40–100 kVp) energies for in-vivo dosimetry. Methods: We assessed the variation of response with energy of two detectors in the 40–100 kVp energy range: high-sensitivity MCP-N TLDs (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) and OSLDs (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C). The detectors were irradiated with an XRad 320ix biological irradiator under reference conditions. The delivered dose was 10 cGy for 7 beam qualities ranging from 40–100 kVp, 1.7–4.0 mm Al, and effective energies 26.9–37.9 keV. Both sets of detectors were also irradiated under reference conditions at 6 MV using a Varian Clinac 21Ex to assess the change in response from high-energy beams. Results: The MCP-N high-sensitivity TLDs were relatively insensitive to energies in the kV range, as their response varied by ±5%, i.e. well within the reproducibility limits of these detectors. However, the OSLDs exhibited a linearly-decreasing response with energy with a response 18.7% higher at 40 kVp than at 100 kVp for the same nominal dose. Compared to the 6 MV beams used in conventional radiotherapy, OSLDs responded 3.3–3.9 times higher depending on beam quality while the MCP-N TLD response was unchanged within experimental uncertainty. Conclusions: Unlike the more commonly used TLD-100, the high-sensitivity MCP-N TLDs exhibit little to no energy response. OSLDs are shown to be highly energy-dependent, both from MV to kV and within the kV range.

A CONTABILIDADE COMOAPOIO PARAAGERAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÕES SOCIAIS APLICADAS À NORMA SA 8000: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maristela Mercedes Bauer

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo foi desenvolvido através da aplicação de uma lista de verificação construída com o auxílio da contabilidade, para verificar os requisitos necessários para a certificação pela norma SA 8000. A revisão de literatura da pesquisa abordou a contabilidade como sistema de informações apoiando a gestão em resposta a necessidade de informações. A norma SA 8000, com foco na responsabilidade social coorporativa, prescreve, como questão básica, o atendimento às convenções da OIT (Organização Internacional do Trabalho, à Declaração dos Direitos Humanos e à Declaração Universal dos Direitos da Criança. Dentro do preceito inicial de atender à legislação, a norma menciona os seguintes requisitos: trabalho infantil, trabalho forçado, saúde e segurança, liberdade de associação e direito à negociação coletiva, discriminação, práticas disciplinares, horário de trabalho, remuneração e sistema de gestão. Constatou-se também que a contabilidade, representada por contadores gerenciais, auxiliará a área de recursos humanos da empresa a realizar uma auditoria. Palavras-chave: Contabilidade. Responsabilidade Social. Requisitos da norma. Auditoria.

Performance test of a portable TLD system for accidental doses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihelic, M.; Stuhec, M.; Mitic, D.; Vekic, B.; Miljanic, S.; Ban, R.

2005-01-01

Full text: A portable TLD measuring system was constructed at the J. Stefan Institute many years ago, motivated by the thread of a catastrophic nuclear event. It was designed for fast measurements in accidental dosimetry mainly for military and civil protection use. The system consists of a robust portable measuring unit built for measurements in field conditions, sized about 40 cm in diameter and weighting 5 kg. Dosimeters are based on CaF 2 :Mn ceramic tablets closed in water resistant plastic housings. In original design producer assured measuring range from cGy to kGy. Specially designed energy compensating filters are used to satisfy requirements for energy response from 0,1 to 3 MeV. Stability of readings is maintained with the temperature stabilized light source. Measuring time for manually driven heating-reading cycle of one dosimeter is about 30 sec. Many systems of the type with sets of dosimeters were stored unused for some years in depositories of different institutions. Modernization of equipment in last years raised questions of applicability of such measurement systems for contemporary needs. The system was thus tested in a secondary standards dosimetry laboratory for compliance with up to date requirements for accidental individual monitoring. Dosimeter characteristics as repeatability, linearity and directional response were of particular interest. As a result of the tests, technical improvements are suggested to extent systems measuring capabilities in order to meet new standards. Possibilities of its use in different fields of dosimetry are discussed, where quick in field measurements of high doses is required as for example in medicine or in civil protection motivated by the new threads of terrorist attacks. (author)

Auditoría con Informática a Sistemas Contables.

OpenAIRE

Yeiniel Alfonso Martínez; Briseida Blanco Alfonso; Liuba Loy Marichal

2012-01-01

En la actualidad existe un gran avance de la Tecnología de la información y con éste un nuevo concepto: Auditoria con informática. Las auditorias financieras no solo se deben limitar en la realización de comprobaciones de la actividad económica y financiera mediante documentos primarios, también se debe incluir herramientas informáticas que estén en los sistemas contables de una entidad, surgiendo la necesidad de un auditor informático que apoye laactividad de Auditoria.

USEFULNESS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTERNAL AUDITS. LESSONS FROM AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Carlos Prado

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O padrão ISO 9000 tem sido considerado parte importante da implementação das auditorias internas dos QMS (Sistemas de Gerenciamento da Qualidade, de modo a gerar uma avaliação de eficiência do sistema. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um serviço empírico, conduzido em empresas de Portugal e Espanha, sobre as metodologias usadas nas auditorias internas dos Sistema de Qualidade, provendo conclusões e recomendações que permitam aprimorar estes sistemas de auditoria e gestão

La razonable valuación de los bienes de cambio en un marco de control interno e informatización de los procesos aplicada a la empresa constructora Electroingeniería S.A.

OpenAIRE

Ortiz, Jesica Anabela

2016-01-01

I. INTRODUCCIÓN -- II. METODOLOGÍA -- III. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSION -- A.- Estudio Exploratorio Bibliográfico sobre Auditoria Interna en el contexto de la empresa Electroingeniería S.A. -- 1. Definición de Auditoria Interna -- 2. Definición de Control Interno -- 3. Análisis de Inventarios en el marco del control interno -- B.- Estudio Exploratorio Bibliográfico sobre Auditoria de los Sistemas de Información -- Computarizados en el contexto de la empresa Electroingeniería S.A. -- 1. Auditoría I...

Characterization of TLD-100 in powders for dosimetric quality control of 192 Ir sources used in brachytherapy of high dose rate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loaiza C, S.P.

2007-01-01

The Secondary Standard Dosimetric at the National Institute of Nuclear Research (ININ) calibrated a lot of powdered TLD-100 (LiF:Mg,Ti) in terms of absorbed dose to water D w for the energy of: 60 Co, 137C s, X rays of 250 and 50 kVp. Later on, it is carried out an interpolation of the calibration for the energy of the 192 Ir. This calibration is part of a dosimetric quality control program, to solve the problems of traceability for the measurements carried out by the users of 192 Ir sources employed in the treatments of High Dose Rate Brachytherapy (HDR) at the Mexican Republic. The calibrations of the radiation beams are made with the following protocols: IAEA TRS-398 for the 60 Co for D w , using a secondary standard ionization chamber PTW N30013 calibrated in D w by the National Research Council (NRC, Canada). AAPM TG-43 for D w in terms of the strength kerma Sk, calibrating this last one quantity for the 137 Cs radioactive source, with a well chamber HDR 1000 PLUS traceable to the University of Wisconsin (US). AAPM TG-61 for X ray of 250 and 50 kVp for D w start to Ka using field standard a Farmer chamber PTW 30001 traceable to K for the Central Laboratory of Electric Industries (CLEI, France). The calibration curves (CC) they built for the response of the powder TLD: R TLD vs D w : For the energy of 60 Co, 137 Cs, X rays of 250 and 50 kVp. Fitting them with the least square method weighed by means of a polynomial of second grade that corrects the supra linearity of the response. iii. Each one of the curves was validated with a test by lack of fitting and for the Anderson Darling normality test, using the software MINITAB in both cases. iv. The sensibility factor (F s ) for each energy corresponds to the slope of the CC, v. The F s for the two 192 Ir sources used are interpolated: one for a Micro Selectron source and the other one a Vari Source source. Finally, a couple of capsules were sent to two hospitals that have the HDR Brachytherapy with sources of 192

Radiocromic film, TLD, OSL and 'Paracas Phantom' by dosimetric intercomparation in stereotactic radiosurgery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paucar Jauregui, R.; Condori Marcos, P.; Vidarte Garcia, F.

2008-01-01

Full text: In Peru, one deals to patients with arteriovenous malformations or cerebral tumors by means of stereotactic radiosurgery, using fine photon beams of high energy of 6 MeV, generated by a linear accelerator Varian 2100 Clinac CD of the Complejo Hospitalario San Pablo in Lima, Peru. In this work we describes the 'Dosimetric Intercomparation System of the Quality Assurance Program in Stereotactic Radiosurgery of the Complejo Hospitalario San Pablo (DIS)'. The DIS allows to guarantee application of the doses with high accuracy. It shows the good performance of the Local DIS's components: dosimetry of radiocromics films, dosimetry termoluminiscent (TLD), dosimetry of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and an anthropomorphic phantom of head constructed locally, denominated 'Paracas Phantom'. Also, in the International DIS practiced with The University of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center, stands out results within the ranges: a) Dose to the center of the target (RDS/Institution): 0,95-1,05; b) Treated volumen (Measured/Institution): 0,75 - 1,05; c) Ratio of measure treated volume to target volume: 1,00 - 2,00; and d) Minimum dose to target (Minimum dose/Prescription dose): >0,90. It concludes that the DIS is important for the good decision making on the radiological safety of the patients dealt with stereotactic radiosurgery. (author)

O Contributo do controlo interno na gestão de recursos humanos – estudo de caso

OpenAIRE

Pinto, Elsa Maria Vieira

2013-01-01

Dissertação apresentada no Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria ORIENTADOR: DOUTORA MARIA CLARA DIAS PINTO RIBEIRO As organizações devem cada vez mais procurar a sua eficiência produtiva. Neste sentido, necessitam de uma avaliação mais eficaz sobre o cumprimento das metas e objectivos das mesmas. O controlo interno visa assegurar que as diferentes unidades da organização estão a trabalhar de acordo com o previsto. ...

Um estudo das competências do auditor interno atuante no mercado brasileiro de seguros : percepção após a lei Sarbanes & Oxley

OpenAIRE

Carmona, Eduardo

2008-01-01

A escolha desse tema foi motivada pelo interesse pessoal do autor e por sua atuação na área, adicionalmente, as alterações ocorridas devido á publicação da lei Sarbanes & Oxley produziram grande impacto na atividade de auditoria interna em companhias de seguros. O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em analisar as novas competências para atender às mudanças ocorridas no mercado segurador após a lei Sarbanes & Oxley, bem como tem como objetivos específicos identificar as competências requerida...

A construção da trajetória profissional de contadores a partir da experiência em uma Big Four

OpenAIRE

Carla dos Santos Feijó

2016-01-01

Este estudo objetivou analisar de que modo a vivência em uma das maiores empresas mundiais de auditoria (Big Four) influenciou na construção das trajetórias de carreira dos contadores que lá tiveram experiência como auditor ou consultor. Para a realização desta pesquisa qualitativa contou-se com a participação de catorze contadores que trabalham ou trabalharam nestas organizações. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A apresentação dos resultados foi organizada em...

Um estudo acerca do uso da gestão de riscos estratégicos na auditoria de gestão da Marinha do Brasil = A study on the use of strategic risk management in audit of the Navy of Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stella Regina Reis da Costa

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Em face das novas perspectivas para os trabalhos de auditoria, agora dirigidos para aspectos relacionados ao desempenho da gestão, e pela notoriedade que o debate a respeito do tema possui, a partir das determinações emanadas pelo órgão máximo de fiscalização do Poder Executivo Federal – O Tribunal de Contas da União –, determinados aspectos afetos ao alcance da excelência da gestãoganharam destaque. Neste estudo, procura-se explorar o impacto que a ferramenta de gerenciamento de riscos promove no desempenho dos processos de gestão das Unidades Jurisdicionadas da Marinha do Brasil, sob a ótica dos resultados estratégicos pretendidos pelo órgão, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Diante disto, e tendo em vista as condicionantes impostas pelo Tribunal de Contas, para apresentação das prestações de contas do erário, verificou-se que a necessidade de implantação do Planejamento Estratégico nas unidades administrativas da Marinha do Brasil ficou imperiosa, que os riscos estratégicos mais relevantes dizem respeito à necessidade de pessoal e material, que os riscos operacionais devem ser acompanhados pelos gestores e que o gerenciamento dos riscos em nível estratégico irá requerer o comprometimento e o acompanhamento permanente dos altos escalões da Administração da Marinha. In the light of new perspectives for the audit work, now directed to issues related to performance management, and the notoriety that the debate on the subject has, as of determinations issued by the highest organ of supervision of the Federal Executive - The Court of Audit - affects certain aspects of the scope of management excellence gained prominence. This study attempts to explore the impact that risk management tool in promoting performance management processes of the units under the jurisdiction of the Navy of Brazil, from the perspective of the strategic outcomes sought by the agency, through the literature search. Given this, and in

Obtention of a thermoluminescent material for dosimetry of ionizing radiation; Obtencion de un material termoluminiscente para dosimetria de la radiacion ionizante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonzalez M, P R

1990-07-01

The thermoluminescent dosemeters are small crystals which suffer changes in their structure by the radiation effect, being displaced the electrons toward higher energy levels. On heating the previously irradiated crystals, the electrons come back to their base state emitting light photons. The light quantity emitted is proportional to the received radiation dose. The light quantity emitted is proportional to the received radiation dose. The lithium fluoride is one of the thermoluminescent materials considered as tissue equivalents by having a low effective atomic number (Z{sub ef}). At present, the more used commercial product used of this type is the TLD-100*. In this work the obtained results in the preparation of the lithium fluoride thermoluminescent material are presented. This is activated with magnesium (Mg) and titanium (Ti), which we have labelled as: LiF: Mg, Ti. The results from the tests performed for verifying his thermoluminescent properties are presented too, as powder form as in pellets form. These tests were performed in simultaneous form with TLD-100 samples, which is considered as reference. The LiF: Mg, Ti thermoluminescent material manufactured in the ININ presents similar dosimetric characteristics to those ones of the TLD-100. Therefore being able to replace the imported dosemeters. * (TLD-100 is a commercial trademark registered by Harshaw/Filtrol (US) for LiF: Mg, Ti Tl dosemeters) (Author)

Lydreflekterende flater

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rindel, Jens Holger

1999-01-01

This is a note on the design methods for reflectors and reflector arrays in auditoria. Information note for the building industry.......This is a note on the design methods for reflectors and reflector arrays in auditoria. Information note for the building industry....

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs, Republic Language Legislation.

Science.gov (United States)

1989-12-05

Goskomizdat Ensure that auditoria in the republic capital and in cities of republic subordination where basic political activities are carried on, and...also the auditoria of theater and entertainment enterprises in these cities, are equipped with the technical facilities for simultaneous translation

Investigation of a new LiF TLD individual dosimeter for measuring personal dose equivalent Hp(d) on different phantoms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin Hua

1993-01-01

The paper describes the design of a new LiF TL dosimeter optimized for measuring personal dose equivalent, H p (d). The results obtained with four types of different phantoms, i.e. a PMMA slab, water slab, ICRU sphere and Alderson Rando phantom, and pertinent conversion coefficients show, that the conversion coefficients for the TE slab phantom are suitable for the calibration of TLD individual dosimeters on a PMMA slab phantom. In the energy range 17 keV to 1250 keV the energy response for H 0 (10) and H p (0.07) is within-20% to 8.4% for frontal irradiation. For angles within +- 60 degree the dosimeters indicate H p (10) within 0 to 22.5%, and H p (0.07) within-11.1% to 1.3%. respectively

PROPOSTA DE FERRAMENTAS DE QUALIDADE PARA UM SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DE SEGURANÇA DE ALIMENTOS EM UNIDADES DE ALIMENTAÇÃO E NUTRIÇÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabela Cristina Lobo de MORAIS

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A gestão da qualidade inclui um sistema composto por princípios, técnicas, métodos e ferramentas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma ferramenta da qualidade com proposta de indicadores através da elabora- ção de uma Lista de Verificação com critérios de pontuação de conformidade para auditorias, visando o diagnóstico de conformidade à legislação sanitária, através da verificação da eficácia da implantação das Boas Práticas de Fabrica- ção. A ferramenta de avaliação foi elaborada com base na RDC 216, de 15/09/04 da ANVISA que dispõe sobre Regulamento Técnico de Boas Práticas para Serviços de Alimentação. A Lista de Verificação consta de 151 itens de verificação, distribuídos em blocos de avaliações de vários aspectos do estabelecimento como Edificação e instalações (34 itens, Higienização (13 itens, Controle Integrado de Pragas (5 itens, Abastecimento de Água (9 itens, Manejo de Resíduos (6 itens, Manipuladores (15 itens, Matérias- -primas, Ingredientes e Embalagens (17 itens, Preparação do Alimento (22 itens, Armazenamento e Transporte dos Alimentos Preparados (5 itens, Exposição ao Consumo (9 itens, Documentação e Registro (15 itens e Responsabilidade (1 item. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte de 76% para conformidade para se considerar o resultado da avalia- ção como Aprovado, corroborando o proposto por legisla- ções estaduais, federais e artigos científicos. Recomenda-se o uso do método 5W2H, com elaboração de plano de ações corretivas com prazos de curto, médio e longo prazos para resolução das não-conformidades.

SU-E-T-87: Comparison Study of Dose Reconstruction From Cylindrical Diode Array Measurements, with TLD Measurements and Treatment Planning System Calculations in Anthropomorphic Head and Neck and Lung Phantoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benhabib, S; Cardan, R; Huang, M; Brezovich, I; Popple, R [University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (United States); Faught, A; Followill, D [UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States)

2014-06-01

Purpose: To assess dose calculated by the 3DVH software (Sun Nuclear Systems, Melbourne, FL) against TLD measurements and treatment planning system calculations in anthropomorphic phantoms. Methods: The IROC Houston (RPC) head and neck (HN) and lung phantoms were scanned and plans were generated using Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems, Milpitas, CA) following IROC Houston procedures. For the H and N phantom, 6 MV VMAT and 9-field dynamic MLC (DMLC) plans were created. For the lung phantom 6 MV VMAT and 15 MV 9-field dynamic MLC (DMLC) plans were created. The plans were delivered to the phantoms and to an ArcCHECK (Sun Nuclear Systems, Melbourne, FL). The head and neck phantom contained 8 TLDs located at PTV1 (4), PTV2 (2), and OAR Cord (2). The lung phantom contained 4 TLDs, 2 in the PTV, 1 in the cord, and 1 in the heart. Daily outputs were recorded before each measurement for correction. 3DVH dose reconstruction software was used to project the calculated dose to patient anatomy. Results: For the HN phantom, the maximum difference between 3DVH and TLDs was -3.4% and between 3DVH and Eclipse was 1.2%. For the lung plan the maximum difference between 3DVH and TLDs was 4.3%, except for the spinal cord for which 3DVH overestimated the TLD dose by 12%. The maximum difference between 3DVH and Eclipse was 0.3%. 3DVH agreed well with Eclipse because the dose reconstruction algorithm uses the diode measurements to perturb the dose calculated by the treatment planning system; therefore, if there is a problem in the modeling or heterogeneity correction, it will be carried through to 3DVH. Conclusion: 3DVH agreed well with Eclipse and TLD measurements. Comparison of 3DVH with film measurements is ongoing. Work supported by PHS grant CA10953 and CA81647 (NCI, DHHS)

Analysis of QUADOS problem on TLD-ALBEDO personal dosemeter responses using discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kodeli, I.; Tanner, R.

2005-01-01

In the scope of QUADOS, a Concerted Action of the European Commission, eight calculational problems were prepared in order to evaluate the use of computational codes for dosimetry in radiation protection and medical physics, and to disseminate 'good practice' throughout the radiation dosimetry community. This paper focuses on the analysis of the P4 problem on the 'TLD-albedo dosemeter: neutron and/or photon response of a four-element TL-dosemeter mounted on a standard ISO slab phantom'. Altogether 17 solutions were received from the participants, 14 of those transported neutrons and 15 photons. Most participants (16 out of 17) used Monte Carlo methods. These calculations are time-consuming, requiring several days of CPU time to perform the whole set of calculations and achieve good statistical precision. The possibility of using deterministic discrete ordinates codes as an alternative to Monte Carlo was therefore investigated and is presented here. In particular the capacity of the adjoint mode calculations is shown. (authors)

Análise comparativa do controle interno no contas a receber e a pagar nas empresas Beta Ltda e Alfa Ltda = A comparative internal control analysis of receivable and payable accounts in Beta and Alfa Ltd Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleyton de Oliveira Ritta

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A necessidade constante de um excelente desempenho empresarial leva à busca da qualidade e confiabilidade da informação para o auxílio na tomada de decisão. Neste contexto, a auditoria contábil tem um papel importante na análise das práticas administrativas adotadas pelas entidades. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é comparar a estruturação dos controles internos no contas a receber e a pagar nas empresas Beta Ltda, a qual não contrata serviços de auditoria externa, e Alfa Ltda, que os contrata. Este estudo caracteriza-se como de caso comparativo de caráter descritivo por meio de questionário e entrevista. Os resultados apontam que a empresa Alfa Ltda tem melhores níveis de controle interno e, consequentemente, está menos exposta a erros e fraudes. Desse modo, entende-se que os seviços de auditoria atuam como um instrumento de auxílio para minimização dos riscos operacionais e servem de alerta aos gestores quanto à eficiência das transações. Contudo, percebe-se que a qualidade dos controles internos nas organizações depende diretamente da utilização de procedimentos de monitoramento.The constant need for excellent business performance triggers the quest for information quality and reliability to help in decision making. Considering this context, accounting auditing plays an important role in the analysis of administrative practices adopted by entities. Thus, the objective of this article is to compare the structure of the internal controls for receivable and payable accounts in Beta Ltd companies, which do not contract external auditing services, and Alfa Ltd, which does. This study is a descriptive comparative case study, carried out through questionnaire and interview. The results have showed that Alfa Ltd has better internal control levels and consequently is less exposed to errors and fraud. This way, auditing services are seen as auxiliary instruments to minimize operational risks and serve to alert

LEVANTAMENTO PARA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE SEGUNDO A NORMA NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005 NO LABORATÓRIO DE CELULOSE E PAPEL DA UNESP-ITAPEVA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno BATAGIN

2013-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar um diagnóstico situacional do Laboratório de celulose e papel da UNESP- ITAPEVA para realização de proposta de acreditação de acordo com a NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005. A NBR ISO/IEC 17025 estabelece os critérios para aqueles laboratórios que desejem demonstrar sua competência técnica, que possuem um sistema da qualidade efetivo e que são capazes de produzir resultados tecnicamente válidos, estabelecendo um padrão internacional e único para atestar a competência dos laboratórios para realizarem ensaios e/ou calibrações, incluindo amostragem. O estudo de caso foi realizado no laboratório de Celulose e Papel da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP, campus de Itapeva, onde foram comparadas as visões do técnico responsável pelo laboratório e um usuário comum. A conclusão gerada é que o laboratório não tem condições de iniciar um processo de acreditação porque falha nos requisitos, como manual da qualidade, cadastro dos subcontratados, pesquisa de satisfação dos clientes, cronograma da realização das auditorias internas, cronograma de realização da análise crítica, perfil das funções requeridas, descrição das funções atuais, documentação dos requisitos técnicos para as acomodações e condições ambientais, programas de calibração, programa de calibração dos equipamentos, programa para calibração dos padrões e relatório e/ou certificado de ensaio e/ou calibração, que são de acordo com a NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, além de que não há a possibilidade de desenvolver e implantar um sistema de qualidade sem o comprometimento de todas as pessoas envolvidas, independente de hierarquia funcional. 

USSR Report: Cybernetics, Computers and Automation Technology

Science.gov (United States)

1986-12-03

Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences: "Ready for Dialogue"] [Text] Computers in schools, auditoria , and educational laboratories are an phenomenon to which we...professional-technical academies and VUZ auditoria . Obviously, the color of the screens and the characters on them is of major importance for people

Dosimetric intercomparison in Cobalt 60 unities using TLD-100 crystals and CaSO4: Dy + Ptfe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaona, E.; Azorin N, J.; Perez P, M.A.; Castillo H, M.; Flores F, F.; Guzman R, L.V.

1999-01-01

The purpose of this work is to design and construct a phantom in basis of thermoplastic polymer of methyl methacrylate that is reutilizable and which allows to do an analysis of the absorbed doses in thermoluminescent crystals (Tl) exposed to cobalt 60 to establish the dosimetric intercomparison in cobalt units which allows to do the follow-up of the Quality assurance programs, standardization of calibration procedures, dosimetry and TLD post intercomparison in radiotherapy. This work allows also prove new thermoluminescent materials of national manufacture developed by Juan Azorin and collaborators as the CaSO 4 : Dy + Ptfe. This is a first study which is realized in Mexico with the system crystal-phantom for aims to intercomparison in cobalt 60 units. In this work participate eight unities of cobalt 60 of different trades belonging at four radiotherapy centers. The results of the dose intercomparison of the eight unities of cobalt 60 were in the range 0.95-1.13, taking in account that the values between 0.95 and 1.05 were considered acceptable in terms of the requirements by the standing legislation. (Author)

Dosimetric comparison on tissue interfaces with TLD dosimeters, L-alanine, EDR2 films and Penelope simulation for a Co-60 source and linear accelerator in radiotherapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vega R, J. L.; Cayllahua, F.; Apaza, D. G.; Javier, H.

2015-10-01

Percentage depth dose curves were obtained with TLD-100 dosimeters, EDR2 films and Penelope simulation at the interfaces in an inhomogeneous mannequin, composed by equivalent materials to the human body built for this study, consisting of cylindrical plates of solid water-bone-lung-bone-solid water of 15 cm in diameter and 1 cm in height; plates were placed in descending way (4-2-8-2-4). Irradiated with Co-60 source (Theratron Equinox-100) for small radiation fields 3 x 3 cm 2 and 1 x 1 cm 2 at a surface source distance of 100 cm from mannequin. The TLD-100 dosimeters were placed in the center of each plate of mannequin irradiated at 10 Gy. The results were compared between these measurement techniques, giving good agreement in interfaces better than 97%. This study was compared with the same characteristics of another study realized with other equivalent materials to human body not homogeneous acrylic-bone-cork-bone-acrylic. The percentage depth dose curves were obtained with mini-dosimeters L-alanine of 1 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height and 3.5 to 4.0 mg of mass with spectrometer band K (EPR). The mini-dosimeters were irradiated with a lineal accelerator PRIMUS Siemens 6 MV. The results of percentage depth dose of L-alanine mini-dosimeters show a good agreement with the percentage depth dose curves of Penelope code, better than 97.7% in interfaces of tissues. (Author)

JPRS Report, Soviet Union: Political Affairs.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-07-07

hearts, let us each ask ourselves, how often do we visit the auditoria where so many critical questions have accumulated? Are we carrying on open...taking a proper approach to this question. Its officials go to the small auditoria too, and persistently switch from monologues to dialogs and

Quality Assurance in Individual Monitoring: 10 Years of Performance Monitoring of the TLD Based TNO Individual Monitoring Service (invited paper)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dijk, J.W.E. van

1998-07-01

The QA subscription forms the nucleus of the Quality Assurance (QA) programme of the TLD-based Individual Monitoring Service of TNO-CSD. This QA subscription is the subscription of a dummy customer to the service. As this customer is treated exactly like a normal customer, all aspects of the service are monitored by the QA subscription. An overview is given of 10 years of monitoring the performance of the service. Various improvements over the past decade have resulted in a standard deviation in a low dose measurement of 0.01 mSv and a relative standard deviation at higher doses of 5%. These figures represent the performance under routine circumstances and thus include variations due to variations in the natural background from place to place and, for example, due to transport. (author)

Quality Assurance in Individual Monitoring: 10 Years of Performance Monitoring of the TLD Based TNO Individual Monitoring Service (invited paper)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dijk, J.W.E. van

1998-01-01

The QA subscription forms the nucleus of the Quality Assurance (QA) programme of the TLD-based Individual Monitoring Service of TNO-CSD. This QA subscription is the subscription of a dummy customer to the service. As this customer is treated exactly like a normal customer, all aspects of the service are monitored by the QA subscription. An overview is given of 10 years of monitoring the performance of the service. Various improvements over the past decade have resulted in a standard deviation in a low dose measurement of 0.01 mSv and a relative standard deviation at higher doses of 5%. These figures represent the performance under routine circumstances and thus include variations due to variations in the natural background from place to place and, for example, due to transport. (author)

“SER O PARECER INDEPENDIENTES: ESA ES LA CUESTIÓN” [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20050401003

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ángel Pérez López

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 RESUMO Em numerosas ocasiões, a qualidade da independência dos auditores é difícil de ser percebida pelos seus utilizadores. Neste sentido, distinguem-se duas vertentes da mesma: a real e a aparente. Desta forma, é necessário que ambas coincidam para o eficiente e eficaz funcionamento do mercado de auditoria, mas lamentavelmente nem sempre é assim. Dada a referida diferenciação, os autores realizam uma análise das disfunções que podem aparecer quando não se cumprem as duas vertentes da qualidade. Palavras chave: Independência real, Independência aparente, Função social da auditoria     RESUMEN En numerosas ocasiones, la cualidad de independencia de los auditores es difícil de ser percibida por sus usuarios. En este sentido, se distinguen dos vertientes de la misma: la real y la aparente. De esta forma, es necesario que ambas coincidan para el eficiente y eficaz funcionamiento del mercado de auditoría, pero lamentablemente no siempre es así. Dada dicha diferenciación, los autores realizan un análisis de las disfunciones que pueden aparecer cuando no se cumplen las dos vertientes de la cualidad. Palabras clave: Independencia real, Independencia aparente, Función social de la auditoría Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 A gestão de resíduos, as políticas públicas e o agronegócio como contribuições para o desenvolvimento

OpenAIRE

Anderson Catapan

2016-01-01

Este editorial introduz o segundo número do quarto volume da Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento. Os tópicos dos artigos incluem gestão de resíduos sólidos, políticas públicas na saúde, auditoria, bionegócios, obras geotécnicas, contratos do agronegócio, inovação em tecnologia de transporte, princípios de processo administrativo e planejamento regional.

A gestão de resíduos, as políticas públicas e o agronegócio como contribuições para o desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Catapan

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Este editorial introduz o segundo número do quarto volume da Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento. Os tópicos dos artigos incluem gestão de resíduos sólidos, políticas públicas na saúde, auditoria, bionegócios, obras geotécnicas, contratos do agronegócio, inovação em tecnologia de transporte, princípios de processo administrativo e planejamento regional.

Um Estudo sobre a Atuação da Auditoria Interna na Detecção de Fraudes nas Empresas do Setor Privado no Estado de São PauloA Study on the Internal Audit Performance in Fraud Detection in Private Enterprises in the State of Sao PauloUn Estudio sobre la Actuación de la Auditoría Interna en la Detección de Fraudes en las Empresas del Sector Privado en el Estado de São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

NASCIMENTO, Weslley Souza do

2005-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMOA Auditoria Interna é a especialização contábil voltada a testar a eficácia dos controles operacionais e contábeis implantados pela administração, com a finalidade de coibir os processos de erros e fraudes nas organizações. Atualmente a grande quantidade de escândalos fraudulentos na área contábil e financeira das empresas leva à uma reflexão do papel e da eficácia deste departamento nos processos de detecção de fraudes. Salienta-se que as fraudes podem ocorrer no ambiente contábil, financeiro, de controle interno e ético. Desta forma, o artigo propõe uma pesquisa empírica a fim de constatar a eficácia da Auditoria Interna nos processos de detecção de fraudes. Concluindo, o artigo enfatiza a importância das ferramentas e procedimentos de auditoria nos trabalhos de detecção de fraudes, bem como a eficácia dos auditores internos neste tipo de trabalho.ABSTRACTInternal Audit is the countable specialization directed to test the effectiveness of the operational and countable controls implanted by the administration, with the purpose to restrain the processes of errors and frauds in the organizations. Nowadays the great amount of fraudulent scandals in the countable and financial areas of the companies leads to a reflection about the role and the effectiveness of this department in the processes of detention of frauds. It is stressed that frauds can occur in the countable environment, financial, of internal and ethical control. In this way the article considers an empirical research in order to put into evidence the effectiveness of the Internal Auditorship in the processes of detention of frauds. As a conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of the auditing tools and procedures in the task of detecting frauds as well as the effectiveness of internal auditors in such type of work.RESUMENLa Auditoría Interna es la especialización contable que se dedica a probar la eficacia de los controles operacionales y

Determination of exposure rates from natural background radiation in Khartoum using LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) and CaSo4: Mn TLD chips

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suliman, I.I.; Khangi, F.A.; Shaddad, I.A.; Suliman, I.A.; El Amin, O.I.

2002-01-01

The exposure rates from natural background radiation - including terrestrial gamma radiation and the ionizing component of cosmic rays - were measured for the first time in the city of khartoum using two types of TLD materials: LiF:Mg,Cu,P (GR-200) and CaSo 4 :Mn TLD chips. Measurements were performed at two sites simultaneously, one site was selected on land in the vicinity of the Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, for the purposes of the measurement of the total exposure rate outdoors, while the other site was located on a buoy anchored in the Blue Nile, and was selected to measure the exposure rate due to the ionizing component of cosmic rays. The investigations were conducted for periods of between 5 and 28 days. Calibration was performed on a selected number of dosimeters to determine the exposure rates at each site. The exposure rates from the ionizing component of cosmic rays in Khartoum were found to be respectively 33 nGy.h -1 and 30 nGy.h -1 , in the measurements performed within the scope of this work using GR-200 and CaSo 4 :Mn dosimeters, while the total values for exposure on land were found to be 45 nGy.h -1 and 42 nGy.h -1 respectively. These values compare reasonably well with other national averages reported in the UNSCEAR publication. The comparison of the results for the two dosimetric materials demonstrates both the sensitivity and suitability of GR-200 for the purposes of environmental monitoring (orig.)

Contabilidade e Auditoria Ambiental como Forma de Gestão: um estudo de caso de um hospital = Accountancy and Environmental Auditing as Management: a case study at a hospital

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Danúbia Vegini

2008-11-01

Full Text Available A degradação do meio ambiente no contexto atual é decorrente do uso desenfreado dos recursos naturais pela sociedade. Diante disso, o governo passou a exigir uma política mais responsável das organizações. As empresas passaram a adotar medidas de gestão ambiental, sistemas de gestão ambiental, que gerem benefícios tanto para a organização quanto para a natureza. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a contabilidade ambiental como instrumento gerencial, visando o desempenho e a sustentabilidade ambiental. A metodologia adotada é um estudo de caso em um hospital, utilizando-se de uma entrevista semi- estrutura da com o responsável pela área ambiental da instituição. A trajetória metodológica divide-se em três fases, sendo a primeira: fundamentação teórica do meio ambiente, gestão ambiental, auditoria, contabilidade e controladoria ambiental. A segunda fase envolve o estudo de caso, onde são realizadas primeira mente as entrevistas com base em uma lista de verificação, divididas em critérios e subcritérios. Na terceira e última fase apresenta-se análise dos resultados; a sustentabilidade parcial e total, bem como o planejamento 5W2H. No final, como resultado da pesquisa, verificou-se uma sustentabilidade global de 70,83%, considerada “regular”. Existem pontos fortes e fracos na gestão do meio ambiente, mas no geral ela apenas cumpre com a legislação.The current environmental destruction is the result of the unlimited use of naturalresources by our society. Because of that, the government has been demanding a moreresponsible policy from the organizations. Companies have started to adoptenvironmental management measures, environmental management systems that havebrought benefits for the organizations as well as for nature. This study has as its objectiveto analyze the environmental accountancy as a managerial tool, aiming at environmentalperformance and sustainability. The methodology applied is a study

Taxonomia de distorções contábeis

OpenAIRE

José Humberto da Cruz Cunha; Rogério Henrique de Araújo Júnior

2017-01-01

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2017v22n49p127 Discute o uso de uma taxonomia de distorções contábeis provenientes de erros e fraudes, voltada para o uso dos auditores na análise dos riscos e escolha dos procedimentos de auditoria. Sua elaboração segue as orientações conceituais da classificação facetada, por meio de levantamento conceitual em pesquisa bibliográfica. A taxonomia apresentada possui como categorias fundamentais as fases da informação, aspectos essenciais, afirmações, ci...

Poluição luminosa e educação ambiental: um estudo de caso em Camarate, Lisboa

OpenAIRE

Nunes, Inês de Oliveira; Dourado, Luís Gonzaga Pereira

2017-01-01

A poluição luminosa resulta de candeeiros e projetores exteriores mal concebidos ou mal direcionados, emitindo luz para além do seu alvo. Além do aspeto económico e energético, a poluição luminosa interfere nos processos naturais da fauna e da flora, na qualidade de vida do Homem e na observação do céu noturno. Considerando a problemática local da poluição luminosa de Camarate, desenvolveu-se um projeto interdisciplinar de Educação Ambiental. Realizaram-se auditorias aos equipamentos de ilumi...

Evaluación de las ventas de una empresa dedicada a la compra-venta de artículos referente a la telefonía móvil (celulares, tarjetas y accesoríos) mediante la revisión del índice de eficiencia en ventas y la auditoría de ventas.

OpenAIRE

Neira Mendez, Johanna X.; Mendoza, Marcos

2007-01-01

En este trabajo, se realiza una análisis al índice de eficiencia de ventas, una auditoria de ventas y un estudio estadístico para determinar el pronostico de ventas como una herramienta de evaluación de ventas, siendo los datos analizados pertenecientes a una distribuidora de celulares de la ciudad de Riobamba correspondiente al año 2006. Se desarrollado un análisis de las ventas de la organización mediante el índice de eficiencia de las ventas de la compañía que se reflejan en los...

A comparabilidade das escolhas contábeis na mensuração subsequente de ativos imobilizados, de ativos intangíveis e de propriedades para investimento em empresas da América do Sul

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Flaida Êmine Alves de Souza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A expertise em comparabilidade, escolhas contábeis e valor justo é um dos temas mais controvertidos e carentes de discussão no cenário contábil atual. As escolhas contábeis são necessárias para que seja garantida a representação fidedigna, ao mesmo tempo que seu uso discricionário pode diminuir a comparabilidade esperada pelo International Accounting Standards Board (IASB. Neste artigo, identificou-se o grau de comparabilidade das escolhas contábeis na mensuração subsequente de ativos imobilizados, de ativos intangíveis e de propriedades para investimento (PPI de companhias abertas do Brasil, Chile e Peru, além de averiguar se determinadas características das entidades podem influenciar a escolha dos gestores pelo valor justo. A comparabilidade foi medida por meio do índice T e a identificação das variáveis explicativas foi feita por meio de regressões, no período 2009-2013. Constatou-se que, para os ativos imobilizados, as comparabilidades nacional e internacional aumentaram com a adoção das IFRS, sendo crescentes ao longo do tempo. Para os ativos intangíveis, não houve aumento substancial nas comparabilidades nacional e internacional. Para as PPI, as comparabilidades nacional e internacional não aumentaram com a adoção das IFRS, permanecendo com índices próximos a 0,50 (comparabilidade baixa em praticamente todos os anos. Assim, a simples adoção das IFRS não garantiu a comparabilidade. Por meio da análise de regressão, identificou-se que as características setor de atuação, auditoria por big four, país, remuneração dos gestores, tamanho da entidade, endividamento, rentabilidade, relevância e tempo influenciaram as escolhas contábeis dos gestores, o que indica a possibilidade de ter havido uso das opções investigadas para a prática de gerenciamento de resultados.

Dosimetric intercomparison in Cobalt 60 unities using TLD-100 crystals and CaSO{sub 4}: Dy + Ptfe; Intercomparacion dosimetrica en unidades de cobalto 60 usando cristales de TLD-100 y CaSO{sub 4}: Dy + PTFE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaona, E. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Azorin N, J. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Perez P, M.A. [Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Castillo H, M. [Centro Medico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Flores F, F. [Unidad de Oncologia, Centro Medico Nacional, IMSS, Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Guzman R, L.V. [Unidad de Oncologia, Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

1999-07-01

The purpose of this work is to design and construct a phantom in basis of thermoplastic polymer of methyl methacrylate that is reutilizable and which allows to do an analysis of the absorbed doses in thermoluminescent crystals (Tl) exposed to cobalt 60 to establish the dosimetric intercomparison in cobalt units which allows to do the follow-up of the Quality assurance programs, standardization of calibration procedures, dosimetry and TLD post intercomparison in radiotherapy. This work allows also prove new thermoluminescent materials of national manufacture developed by Juan Azorin and collaborators as the CaSO{sub 4}: Dy + Ptfe. This is a first study which is realized in Mexico with the system crystal-phantom for aims to intercomparison in cobalt 60 units. In this work participate eight unities of cobalt 60 of different trades belonging at four radiotherapy centers. The results of the dose intercomparison of the eight unities of cobalt 60 were in the range 0.95-1.13, taking in account that the values between 0.95 and 1.05 were considered acceptable in terms of the requirements by the standing legislation. (Author)

Doses Due to the South Atlantic Anomaly During the Euromir'95 Mission Measured by an On-Board TLD System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deme, S.; Apathy, I.; Hejja, I.; Lang, E.; Feher, I.; Reitz, G.

1999-01-01

During the Euromir'95 mission, a specially designed microprocessor-controlled thermoluminescent detector (TLD) system, called the 'Pille'95', was used by ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter to measure the cosmic radiation dose inside the Mir space station. One of the experiment's objectives was to determine the dose fraction on Mir due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) on an orbit inclined at 51.6 deg. and at an altitude of about 400 km. Using an hourly measuring period for 170 h in automatic mode, dose components both of galactic (independent of SAA) and SAA origin were determined. It was found that the maximum dose due to crossing the SAA was equal to 55 μGy. Averaging all the measurements it was calculated that the mean dose rate inside the Mir was 12-14 μGy.h -1 , and that half of this value was caused by the SAA. (author)

A FORMAÇÃO COMPORTAMENTAL DE AUDITORES CONTÁBEIS INDEPENDENTES: UM ESTUDO MULTICASO

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Luiz Alberton

2002-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMO
O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de um modelo de formação comportamental para auditores contábeis independentes. Deste modo, inicialmente, discorre-se sobre os aspectos que devem ser considerados pelo profissional responsável pela gestão das pessoas nas organizações que prestam serviços de auditoria contábil independente, e do perfil destas pessoas requerido pelas empresas. Em seguida são identificadas as teorias que tratam da gestão de pessoas nas organizações, especificamente nos processos de recrutamento e seleção, capacitação e avaliação de desempenho. As empresas buscam profissionais com talentos e, principalmente, que saibam manter o equilíbrio entre a razão e a emoção no ambiente de trabalho. Na literatura que versa sobre a profissão do auditor contábil, é dada muita ênfase aos aspectos técnicos, tratando superficialmente ou renegando os aspectos comportamentais considerados importantes ao desempenho destes profissionais. Para confirmar essas afirmações e dar suporte ao delineamento do modelo, é realizada uma pesquisa de campo com os responsáveis pela gestão de pessoas em quatro empresas internacionais de auditoria contábil independente, que fazem parte das big five, e em uma empresa nacional. Assim, para o delineamento do modelo de formação, a ênfase desta pesquisa recai sobre os aspectos de liderança, comunicação, motivação, negociação, coaching, mentoring, administração de conflitos, trabalho em equipe, técnica de entrevista, análise transacional e de programação neurolingüística, que podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de auditores contábeis independentes, de forma que possam melhorar suas condições de competitividade e empregabilidade. Portanto, são incorporados esses conceitos como ponto de partida para o delineamento de um modelo de formação comportamental

A FORMAÇÃO COMPORTAMENTAL DE AUDITORES CONTÁBEIS INDEPENDENTES: UM ESTUDO MULTICASO [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20020102004

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Luiz Alberton

2002-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de um modelo de formação comportamental para auditores contábeis independentes. Deste modo, inicialmente, discorre-se sobre os aspectos que devem ser considerados pelo profissional responsável pela gestão das pessoas nas organizações que prestam serviços de auditoria contábil independente, e do perfil destas pessoas requerido pelas empresas. Em seguida são identificadas as teorias que tratam da gestão de pessoas nas organizações, especificamente nos processos de recrutamento e seleção, capacitação e avaliação de desempenho. As empresas buscam profissionais com talentos e, principalmente, que saibam manter o equilíbrio entre a razão e a emoção no ambiente de trabalho. Na literatura que versa sobre a profissão do auditor contábil, é dada muita ênfase aos aspectos técnicos, tratando superficialmente ou renegando os aspectos comportamentais considerados importantes ao desempenho destes profissionais. Para confirmar essas afirmações e dar suporte ao delineamento do modelo, é realizada uma pesquisa de campo com os responsáveis pela gestão de pessoas em quatro empresas internacionais de auditoria contábil independente, que fazem parte das big five, e em uma empresa nacional. Assim, para o delineamento do modelo de formação, a ênfase desta pesquisa recai sobre os aspectos de liderança, comunicação, motivação, negociação, coaching, mentoring, administração de conflitos, trabalho em equipe, técnica de entrevista, análise transacional e de programação neurolingüística, que podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de auditores contábeis independentes, de forma que possam melhorar suas condições de competitividade e empregabilidade. Portanto, são incorporados esses conceitos como ponto de partida para o delineamento de um modelo de formação comportamental de auditores contábeis independentes.

Diretrizes para desenvolvimento coletivo de melhoria contínua em arranjos produtivos locais Guidelines for collective development of continuous improvement in local productive arrangements

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Ariana Martins Vieira

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Em um cenário dinâmico e competitivo como o atual, a melhoria contínua passou a ser um requisito básico da gestão que visa potencializar o desempenho de empresas e dos possíveis Arranjos Produtivos Locais em que estejam inseridas, sobretudo no caso daquelas de menor porte. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar diretrizes para desenvolvimento coletivo de melhoria contínua em Micro, Pequenas e Médias Empresas industriais que atuem neste tipo de arranjo. A proposta foi desenvolvida a partir do referencial teórico e validada por um estudo de caso. As diretrizes estão estruturadas em seis etapas principais: Preparação, Diagnóstico do Arranjo, Diagnóstico das empresas, Implantação, Auditoria e Avaliação.In the current dynamic and competitive environment, continuous improvement has become a basic management requirement aiming to increase performance of firms and local productive arrangements. The objective of this study is to present guidelines for collective development of continuous improvement in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises that operate in this type of arrangement. The proposal was formulated based on the theoretical concept and validated by a case study. The guidelines are composed of six main stages: Preparation, Array Diagnosis, Company Diagnostics, Implementation, Audit, and Evaluation.

Measurement of dose to skin using TLD of several radiodiagnostic studies in San Jose, Costa Rica

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mora, P.

1998-01-01

It is quantified the radiation doses on skin for several radiodiagnostic studies in patients of the Calderon Guardia Hospital in San Jose, Costa Rica at the period October 1997-September 1998 using thermoluminescent dosemeters TLD 100. The crystals receive the decoction standard procedures and they are arranged at the middle of the irradiation field. For a total of 973 radiodiagnostic studies it was found that the dose on skin in mGy are: 2.09 for thorax AP/AP, 5.33 for thorax LAT, 5.35 for skull AP/PA, 2.98 for skull LAT, 10.74 for abdomen, hips and pelvis, 6.20 for spines AP, 9.35 for spines LAT, 11.48 for lumbar columns AP, 29.99 for lumbar columns LAT and 6.87 for intravenous skin diagrams (first plate ap). It is produced thus the first reference bank for the national hospitals, which is compared with the orientation levels of doses for IAEA. Recommendations to diminish the collective doses through quality control programs are discussed, taking as goal to have got radiographs of excellent diagnostic quality, but with the less possible doses. (Author)

PTTL Dose Re-estimation Applied to Quality Control in TLD-100 Based Personal Dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muniz, J.L.; Correcher, V.; Delgado, A.

1999-01-01

A new method for quality control of dose performance in Personal Dosimetry using TLD-100 is presented. This method consists of the application of dose reassessment techniques based on phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL). Reassessment is achieved through a second TL readout of the dosemeters worn by the controlled workers, after a reproducible UV exposure. Recent refinements in the PTTL technique developed in our laboratory allow reassessing doses as low as 0.2 mSv, thus extending the reassessment capability to the entire dose range that must be monitored in personal dosimetry. After a one month exposure, even purely environmental doses can be reassessed. This method can be applied for either re-estimation of single doses or of the total dose accumulated after a number of exposures and dose measurements. Several tests to reconfirm low doses in normal working conditions for personal dosimetry have been performed. Each test consisted of several cycles of exposure and TL evaluations and a final PTTL re-estimation of the total accumulated dose in those cycles. The results obtained always showed very good agreement between the sum of the partial doses and the total reassessed dose. The simplicity of the method and the possibility of re-evaluating the doses assessed to the workers employing their own dosemeters are advantageous features to be considered in designing systems for the determination of real performance in personal dosimetry. (author)

Altos custos financeiros do trauma vascular

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Ricardo Costa-Val

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Demonstrar o custo e impacto financeiro referente à primeira abordagem cirúrgica das lesões vasculares em pacientes admitidos no Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, entre os anos de 2004 a 2006. MéTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo com aprovação ética, retrospectivo, de coorte e descritivo realizado a partir da auditoria de contas hospitalares referentes a 70 prontuários catalogados pelo Serviço de Trauma Cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: Cinco (7,14% prontuários foram excluídos por má qualidade técnica. O valor monetário repassado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde e pelo setor privado foram de R$ 103.614,96 (US$ 60.949,97 e de R$ 185.888,21 (US$ 109.346,0, respectivamente, implicando em defasagem potencial de 44%. Houve correlação direta entre custos e topografia anatômica das lesões e exponencial em relação às variáveis hemoderivados e próteses vasculares. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo corrobora os altos custos do trauma vascular e fortalece a importância da auditoria de contas para as tomadas de decisões médicas.

Seminoma of the testis: is scrotal shielding necessary when radiotherapy is limited to the para-aortic nodes?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bieri, S.; Rouzaud, M.; Miralbell, R.

1999-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of different shielding conditions and field geometry on the scatter dose to the remaining testicle during postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in seminoma.Materials and methods: Testicular dose measurements were made with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) in 29 patients with stage I and IIA seminoma. The target volume consisted of para-aortic (PA) and para-aortic and homolateral iliac (PAI) lymph nodes in 14 and 15 patients, respectively. All patients had a scrotal shield as well as an additional block extending 7 cm inferiorly from the caudal field edge to shield the testicle from external scatter and collimator leakage. Doses with and without testicular blocks were measured for all patients. In seven patients treated exclusively to the PA region the gonadal dose was assessed according to four different shielding conditions: without any protection, with a gonadal shield alone, with the addition of an inferior field border block to the gonadal shield, and with the field border block alone.Results: For patients treated with PAI fields the mean testicular doses per fraction were 3.89 cGy (S.D.±1.44) and 1.48 cGy (S.D.±0.51) without and with gonadal shielding, respectively (P-value <0.001); the corresponding values for PA fields were 1.86 cGy (S.D.±0.86) and 0.65 cGy (S.D.±0.35). For the patients treated to the PA region and assessed according to the four different shielding conditions, the additional external block to the testicular shield did not reduce significantly the measured dose on the testis.Conclusions: These results suggest a benefit of gonadal shielding even in seminoma patients undergoing radiotherapy limited to the para-aortic region. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.)

Personal dosimetry TLD 100 in orthopedic surgeons exposed to ionizing radiation in Bogota - Colombia; Dosimetria personal TLD 110 en medicos ortopedistas expuestos a radiacion ionizante en Bogota - Colombia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sierra C, B. Y.; Jimenez, Y. [Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica, Grupo de Fisica Medica, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogota (Colombia); Plazas, M. C. [Hospital Universitario Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota, Instituto de Oncologia Carlos Ardila Lulle, Calle 119, No. 7-90, 220246 Bogota (Colombia); Eslava S, J. [Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas, Grupo Equidad en Salud, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, Bogota (Colombia); Groot R, H., E-mail: brigith.sierra@gmail.com [Universidad de los Andes, Laboratorio de Genetica Humana, Carrera 1 No. 18A -12, Bogota (Colombia)

2014-08-15

Orthopedic surgeons should be considered as professionals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation, for using C arc (fluoroscope) an equipment of X type radiation emission, during surgical procedures for imaging generation. Some health institutes, use of C arc under uncontrolled circumstances, such a lack of dosimetry control, incomplete or absence of personnel protective elements and protective measures, which in turn, lead to a high exposition to the personnel. Materials and methods. Study of double match cohort by age and gender, was conducted, in four health institutions of second and third level of attention in Bogota city. Personal dosimetry measurements with TLD-100 dosimetry crystals in both cohorts and environmental dosimetry in each of operation rooms used for orthopedic procedures, were carry out during six months of follow up. Dosimetry crystals were read in a Harshaw 4500 - Bicron equipment, in the Medical Physics Laboratory of National University of Colombia. Results. Dosimetry measurements are compatibles with those of occupationally exposed personnel 3.44 mSv/6 m CI 95% (1.66-3.99), even does not overpass ICRP recommendations, are higher as were expect at the beginning of the study. The median of effective accumulative dose in thorax is 3,4 mSv CI 95% (1,66-3,99), higher in comparison with neck value 2,7 mSv CI 95% (1,73-3,80) and hand dosimetry 1,42 mSv CI 95% (0,96-2,34). Conclusions: Orthopedic surgeons should be considered occupational exposed to ionizing radiation, who has to accomplish to the radiological protection measures, dosimetric follow up and maintenance of the used X ray equipment. It was confirm throughout this study that dosimetry shows higher levels as expected at the beginning of the study, compatible with occupationally exposed personnel. (Author)

Study and characterization of dosimeter LiF:Mg,Cu,P for using in aeronautical dosimetry; Estudo e caracterizacao do dosimetro de LiF:Mg,Cu,P para utilizacao em dosimetria aeronautica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Flavia, Hanna, E-mail: hannasantana.f@gmail.com [Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Federico, Claudio; Lelis, Odair; Pereira, Heloisa; Pereira, Marlon, E-mail: claudiofederico@ieav.cta.br [Instituto de Estudos Avancados (EFA-A/IEAV), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil). Div. de Fisica Aplicada

2014-07-01

The effects of cosmic ionizing radiation incidents in aircraft components and crews has been a source of concern and motivated increasingly studies and improvements in the area. The low dose rates involved in this radiation field in aircraft flight altitudes imply Dosimetric necessity of using materials with high efficiency of detection, to enable studies lower cumulative doses resulting in shorter routes or lower altitude. The choice of thermoluminescent dosimeters LiF: Mg, Cu, P was done by having a detection efficiency of about fifteen times higher than its predecessor (LiF: Mg, Ti), and therefore, applied in very low doses dosimetry, and environmental dosimetry . The implementation of the use of pair dosimetric TLD-600H and 700H-TLD will serve as support for testing and studies on the effects of low doses of cosmic radiation in environmental dosimetry applied in the aviation environment in the usual flight altitudes. In this paper are presented the results of development of a methodology for dosimetry low doses of gamma radiation and neutrons using the pair dosimetric TLD-600H and 700H-TLD. The results demonstrate a sensitivity of dosimeters well above the dosimeters LiF: Mg, Ti confirming its suitability for dosimetry of low doses.

La auditoría interna y la calidad de la documentación de los ensayos clínicos en Cuba

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Zoe González Hernández

Full Text Available Introducción: el Centro Nacional Coordinador de Ensayos Clínicos, garantiza la calidad de la documentación generada en los ensayos clínicos que realiza, con el uso de herramientas como la auditoria. Detecta y/o previene las dificultades, con lo que garantiza la toma de decisiones para eliminar las deficiencias y cumple así con los requisitos establecidos en las normativas nacionales e internacionales. Objetivo: mostrar las principales "no conformidades" o deficiencias detectadas en auditorías a documentación. Métodos: se analizaron las 29 auditorias realizadas a la documentación de los ensayos clínicos en el período desde el año 2007 hasta el 2011. Se extrajeron las "no conformidades" de los tres acápites que conforman el informe: revisión del completamiento de todos los capítulos, revisión de la calidad de la documentación que se está archivando y ordenamiento cronológico de la información. Resultados: las principales deficiencias se encontraron en el completamiento documental de los capítulos de la carpeta del ensayo; a su vez se detectaron informaciones desactualizadas o incompletas, así como documentos archivados fuera de lugar. Conclusiones: persisten deficiencias en la documentación que se genera durante el ensayo clínico, por lo que se incumplen de este modo con los requisitos establecidos en las Directrices sobre Buenas Prácticas Clínicas en Cuba emitidas por el Centro para el Control Estatal de los Medicamentos (CECMED que se relacionan con el protocolo del ensayo.