Timor-Leste : Country Environmental Analysis

OpenAIRE

World Bank

2009-01-01

The Country Environmental Analysis (CEA) for Timor-Leste identifies environmental priorities through a systematic review of environmental issues in natural resources management and environmental health in the context of the country's economic development and environmental institutions. Lack of data has been the main limitation in presenting a more rigorous analysis. Nevertheless, the repor...

Ensino do Português em Timor: uma experiência

OpenAIRE

Mariano, Alexandra de Brito

2001-01-01

Descreve-se neste artigo a experiência de ensino em Timor no âmbito da Missão de Cooperação (julho-setembro, 2000), ao abrigo do protocolo estabelecido pelo Conselho de Reitores das Universidades Portuguesas (CRUP), pela Fundação das Universidades Portuguesas (FUP) e pelo Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense (CNRT). A missão consistiu na Organização de Cursos de Formação de Professores do Ensino Básico e Secundário, na área disciplinar do Português, em Timor Leste.

77 FR 21111 - Report on Countries That Are Candidates for Millennium Challenge Account Eligibility in Fiscal...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-09

... economic growth and poverty reduction. The Act requires the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) to take... freedom, and (iii) investments in its people; and (b) considering the opportunity to reduce poverty and...* Haiti Tanzania Honduras Timor-Leste India Togo Indonesia Tuvalu Iraq Uganda Kenya Vanuatu Kiribati...

Selection of forages by timor deer (cervus timorensis blainville) in menjangan island, bali

Science.gov (United States)

Ketut Ginantra, I.; Bagus Made Suaskara, Ida; Ketut Muksin, I.

2018-03-01

This study was conducted to determine the selection of forages plants by Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) on Menjangan Island and its relation to the availability, chemical and physical properties of feed plants. The study was conducted in July-September 2016 in savanna and monsoon forest habitats. The availability of habitat feed plants in the habitat was determined by the quadrat method, and the species of plant eaten by Timor deer was determined through the microhistological analysis of the fecal sample. The food selection index is determine by the Ivlev index. Energy contents of forages plants by bomb calorimeter apparatus, crude protein analyzed by Semi-Micro Kjeldahl technique, NDF, ADF and lignin levels refer to the method of Goering and Van Soest. Mineral content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Determination of tannin content with Folin Denish reaction. Physical properties determine are water regain capacity and water solubility. The relationship between availability with the utilization of plants by Timor deer was analyzed with the similarity index. Multiple regression statistic to test the relationship between index selection with nutritional value factor and physical characteristic of plant species. The result showed that Timor deer selected 32 plants species of graminoids, forbs and woody plants. Feeding selection of Timor deer is strongly influenced by the availability of forage plants in habitat. The feeding selection was significantly influenced by three predictor variables i.e. positive nutritional value is crude protein and negative nutritional value were lignin and tannins. Selection of forage plant Timor deer is positively correlated with the physical properties of feed plants.

Improving food security empowerment in Indonesia- Timor Leste border

Science.gov (United States)

Dewi, G. D. P.; Yustikaningrum, R. V.

2018-03-01

Post Referendum 1999, Indonesia and Timor Leste have a strategic challenge to provide food consistently around the border. This research intended to discover an appropriate strategy to tackle fragility of food security in the land border of Indonesia-Timor Leste, to improve collaborative actions between parties, as well as, opportunity to actualize food cross-border trading between local farmers and factories. For the result, there are two approaches will be applied. First, the empowerment term refers to the strategy of empowerment in strengthening the capability and capacity of human capital as one of the determinant factors of the resilience and self-sufficiency achievement. Second, the gender approach looks at the women and men build confidence, resilience, and independence which one of them through an educational intervention that enable the local people to manage food chain. Atambua is a region count as relatively as high poverty, poor human capital, weak quality and competitiveness of agriculture products, livestock and fishery, SMEs, and infrastructure. Thus, field study research is applied to find the actual and strategic effort aim to lead the achievement of food security and to engage Atambua over food trade to Timor Leste.

Potensi Konflik Penggembalaan Kuda pada Habitat Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822 di Kawasan Tanjung Torong Padang, Nusa Tenggara Timur

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Kayat

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Livestock grazing had been believed to affect on the existence of wildlife, including the timor deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822 through competition. This study aimed to determine whether the free-roaming horse grazing owned by local communities in Torong Padang Cape, East Nusa Tenggara become a competitor for timor deer. Field observations and interviews with horse owners were carried out to determine the distribution of horse in timor deer habitat. Food preference of both horse and timor deer were collected using species identification from feces and compared with 1 x 1 m2 plots at feeding areas of both animals during the dry and rainy seasons in 2014 and 2015. There is no clear indication of competition between timor deer and free-roaming horses in the Torong Padang Cape area.The deer and horse avoided overlapping spatially in their distribution in the Cape. The free-roaming horse mainly occupied hilly savanna, whereas timor deer preferred to occupy savanna with lebbek tree (Albizia lebbeck (L. Benth and valleys with tropical dry forest vegetation. In addition, the timor deer prefer to feed shrubs and foliage (browser, while horses prefer grass (grazer. The presence of free-roaming horse in the Torong Padang Capearea does not affect negatively for the timor deer and its habitat.

Contribution A L'elaboration De L'atlas Du Potentiel Eolien Du Togo ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study presents the characterization and assessment of wind energy potential of three sites in the southern part of Togo. The objective of the study is to determine the hybrid Weibull parameters for a site in this area of Togo, to accurately assess the density of wind power. The study of the characterization of the wind ...

Transkripsi Musik Gong Timor Menggunakan Continous Wavelet Transform (CWT

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Yovinia C H Siki

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak: Transkripsi musik gong timor dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan aplikasi pengolahan sinyal musik seperti mengeditmusik, melacak tempo musik dan analisis sinyal musik lainnya yang dapat membantu para pemain pemula untukbelajar bagaimana memainkan alat musik gong. Rumitnya analisa suara musik gong dibandingkan analisa peralatanmusik barat karena dipengaruhi oleh cara pembuatan peralatan yang kurang sempurna, dan cara pemukulan peralatanyang berdasar kira-kira. Dengan menggunakan metode CWT, sinyal music gong dikonvolusi untuk menghasilkanscalogram music gong domain skala dan frekuensi. Estimasi nada gong diperoleh menggunakan sebuah proses notegenerating. Keberhasilan transkripsi ditentukan dengan menghitung error yaitu ketepatan menterjemah. Dimana adanada yang seharusnya tidak ada tetapi dikenali sebagai note (insertion, ada nada yang tidak dikenali sehinggaterhapus (deletion dan ada nada yang dikenali salah (substitution.Kata kunci: Gong timor, transkripsi musik, CWT, scalogram, note generating Abstract: Gong timor music transcription used to develop some other aplication in music signal processing such as music editing,beat detection, etc. With this transcription, new percussionist of gong can learn more easily to playing gong instrument.Analyzing music gong are more difficult than any other music instrument, it is because gong instrument created withvery simple tools and the percussionist playing this instrument by feelings of any other instrument in gamelan. Musicgong signal convoluted using CWT to create scalogram of music gong in scale and frequency domain. Tone estimationobtained using a note generating process. The success of transcription process determined by calculating errors intranscription results. Which are sometimes there is a tone that shouldn’t exist but marked as a tone (insertion, or thereis a tone but the transcription process doesn’t recognize it (deletion and sometimes there is a tone but marked as adifferent tone

Impacts of Pig Management and Husbandry Farmers Towards Classical Swine Fever Transmission in West Timor Indonesia (DAMPAK MANAJEMEN DAN CARA BETERNAK BABI TERHADAP PENULARAN PENYAKIT CHOLERA BABI DI TIMOR BARAT

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Petrus Malo Bulu

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Classical swine fever (CSF is a serious and highly infectious viral disease of domestic pigs and wildboar, which is caused by a single stranded RNA pestivirus. A cross sectional study was carried out onsmall-holder pig farmers in West Timor, in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The objectiveof this study was to describe the management, husbandry and trading practices adopted by pig farmers inWest Timor. A questionnaire survey was administered to the owners of these pigs (n = 240 to gatherinformation from farmers in order to understand management and husbandry practices in the region. Theresults of the questionnaire highlighted the lack of implementation of biosecurity measures by smallholderfarms in West Timor, which has the potential to increase the risk of their pigs to CSF, as well as toother diseases.

Herança da resistência do Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 à ferrugem-do-cafeeiro Inheritance of coffee leaf rust resistance in Timor Hybrid UFV 443-03

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Alexandre Sandri Capucho

2009-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a herança da resistência do Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 à ferrugem-do-cafeeiro (Hemileia vastatrix. Para isso, a raça II e o patótipo 001 de ferrugem foram inoculados em 246 plantas da população F2, 115 plantas do retrocruzamento suscetível (RC S e 87 plantas do retrocruzamento resistente (RC R, originadas do cruzamento entre o genótipo suscetível cv. Catuaí Amarelo IAC 64 e a fonte de resistência Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03. Para ambos os inóculos, a cv. Catuaí Amarelo IAC 64 foi suscetível, enquanto o Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03, a planta representante da geração F1 e as plantas do RC R foram resistentes. As plantas F2, quando inoculadas com a raça II, apresentaram dois padrões de segregação significativos: 15:1 e 61:3. A herança da resistência foi confirmada pela inoculação das plantas do RC S, que segregaram na proporção de 3:1, padrão esperado para herança condicionada por dois genes. A hipótese de segregação 7:1 para três genes foi rejeitada. Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos para o patótipo 001. Dois genes dominantes e independentes conferem a resistência genética do Híbrido de Timor UFV 443-03 à raça II e ao patótipo 001 de H. vastatrix.The aim of this work was to characterize the resistance inheritance of the Timor Hybrid UFV 443-03 to coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix. For this, the race II and pathotype 001 of coffee leaf rust were inoculated in 246 F2 plants, 115 susceptible backcrossing (BCS plants, and 87 resistant backcrossing (BC R plants, derived from the crossing between the susceptible genotype 'Catuaí Amarelo' IAC 64 and the resistance source Timor Hybrid UFV 443-03. For both inoculums, the 'Catuaí Amarelo' IAC 64 was susceptible, while the Timor Hybrid, the plant representing F1 generation, and the BC R plants were resistant. The F2 plants inoculated with race II presented two significant segregation ratios: 15:1 and 61:3. The

Paulo Freire e a educação popular em Timor-Leste: uma história de libertação

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Samuel Penteado Urban

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Timor-Leste é considerada a primeira democracia a se estabelecer como tal no século XXI, sendo que seu passado foi marcado por invasões: Portugal (1515-1975, num primeiro momento e Indonésia (1975-1999 num segundo. Num primeiro momento, com o processo de colonização português, muito pouco se fez para Timor, principalmente ao que se refere a educação, sendo esta uma ação política. Com a invasão indonésia em 1975, após o curto período de independência, foi-se muito investido na construção de escolas, desde a educação infantil até o ensino superior, baseando-se no ensino ideologicamente integracionista. Internamente a luta pela restauração da independência, a Educação foi uma das armas para que assim Timor conquistasse a restauração da independência em 2002. Através da Frente de Timor-Leste Independente (FRETILIN, iniciouse um processo de Educação Popular que teve grande infl uência de Paulo Freire. Esse processo educativo, ligado à conscientização política, baseou-se no conhecimento cotidiano dos próprios educandos e num ensino contextualizado as necessidades da luta. Desta forma, pretendeuse realizar apontamentos acerca da Educação Popular em Timor-Leste, levando em conta a infl uência de Paulo Freire, utilizando-se de material relacionado à história da educação em Timor-Leste e Educação Popular em Timor-Leste, além de entrevistas realizadas com o Professor Dr. Antero Benedito da Silva e com o sr. Alberto, vice residente do movimento social do campo de Timor denominada União dos Agricultores de Ermera (UNAER. Palavras-chave: Educação Popular. Paulo Freire. Timor-Leste. Paulo Freire and popular education in East Timor: a history of liberation ABSTRACT East Timor is considered the fi rst democracy to be established as such in the twenty-fi rst century and its past is marked for invasions: Portugal (1515-1975 at fi rst and Indonesia (1975-1999 in a second. At fi rst, the process of Portuguese

Relationships between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in West Timor and Java, Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Ndoen, Ermi; Wild, Clyde; Dale, Pat; Sipe, Neil; Dale, Mike

2010-08-26

Malaria is a serious health issue in Indonesia. Mosquito control is one aspect of an integrated malaria management programme. To focus resources on priority areas, information is needed about the vectors and their habitats. This research aimed to identify the relationship between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in West Timor and Java. Study areas were selected in three topographic types in West Timor and Java. These were: coastal plain, hilly (rice field) and highland. Adult mosquitoes were captured landing on humans identified to species level and counted. Eleven species were recorded, four of which were significant for malaria transmission: Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles sundaicus. Each species occupied different topographies, but only five were significantly associated: Anopheles annularis, Anopheles vagus and Anopheles subpictus (Java only) with hilly rice fields; Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles subpictus (West Timor only) with coastal areas. Information on significant malaria vectors associated with specific topography is useful for planning the mosquito control aspect of malaria management.

Timor: the fallout on Jakarta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1999-01-01

This article highlights the impact of the independence of East Timor on the Indonesia's energy sector, and the ensuing rejection of the principle of liberalisation and restructuring of the state owned Pertamina monopoly. The adverse impact on exploration, agreements with Singapore to supply gas and the building of the pipeline from the Natuna gasfields to Singapore, problems posed by corruption, the development of the Natuna gas field, and the effects of the recent financial collapse are examined. (UK)

A policy proposal for the introduction of solar home systems in East Timor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bond, M.; Fuller, R.J.; Aye, Lu [The University of Melbourne, Victoria (AU). Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, International Technologies Centre (IDTC)

2007-12-15

The Government of East Timor aims to increase the rate of household electricity service from 20% to 80% over the next 20 years. With a largely rural population living in sparsely populated, remote locations, solar home systems (SHS) will play an important role in meeting the off-grid component of rural electrification in East Timor. This paper describes current experience and trials in East Timor with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. It examines the East Timorese context against six 'key features' identified by the World Bank as typically included in solar PV projects: delivery infrastructure; access to finance; rural electrification policy; guarantees for minimum quality; understanding of customer needs; and scaling up capacity building. Of these issues, the authors contend that selection of the delivery infrastructure model is the most critical decision, and that for East Timor, in its present stage of development, a market-driven approach for SHS is unlikely to be successful. A model which subsidises capital costs but seeks full recovery of operating costs is recommended. Irrespective of the delivery infrastructure model, for sustainability, capacity must be developed in a range of other areas, particularly the commercial availability of high-quality components and spare parts; creation of a pool of skilled technicians for installation and maintenance; and development of a robust fee collection and maintenance infrastructure. (author)

A policy proposal for the introduction of solar home systems in East Timor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bond, M.; Fuller, R.J.; Aye, Lu

2007-01-01

The Government of East Timor aims to increase the rate of household electricity service from 20% to 80% over the next 20 years. With a largely rural population living in sparsely populated, remote locations, solar home systems (SHS) will play an important role in meeting the off-grid component of rural electrification in East Timor. This paper describes current experience and trials in East Timor with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. It examines the East Timorese context against six 'key features' identified by the World Bank as typically included in solar PV projects: delivery infrastructure; access to finance; rural electrification policy; guarantees for minimum quality; understanding of customer needs; and scaling up capacity building. Of these issues, the authors contend that selection of the delivery infrastructure model is the most critical decision, and that for East Timor, in its present stage of development, a market-driven approach for SHS is unlikely to be successful. A model which subsidises capital costs but seeks full recovery of operating costs is recommended. Irrespective of the delivery infrastructure model, for sustainability, capacity must be developed in a range of other areas, particularly the commercial availability of high-quality components and spare parts; creation of a pool of skilled technicians for installation and maintenance; and development of a robust fee collection and maintenance infrastructure

IDP camp closure and gender inequality in Timor-Leste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phyllis Ferguson

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The goal of humanitarian assistance in Timor-Leste during a seriesof crises from 2006 to 2008 became increasingly focused on IDPcamp closure, with the assisted return of IDPs to their communitiesor to alternative living situations.

(Pretexts for thinking educational cooperation in East Timor: some references to International Solidarity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suzani Cassiani

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This article presents the profile of the Brazilian cooperators in the formation of Timor-Leste teachers. We start from a larger project under the Teacher Education Program and Portuguese Language Teaching in Timor-Leste (PQLP, managed by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES and coordinated by the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC since 2009. In order to better understand such international cooperation we began with understandings of the production conditions of some intricacies of historic-political and socio-cultural context in which it occurs. The research involves the study of documents and discourse analysis of Brazilians who worked in East Timor. In addition, we propose to explain some limits, possibilities and progresses in our trajectory as active, including the challenges in drawing some more appropriate referrals. In these analyses, the problematizations involving the coloniality of knowledge/power, the assistentialist performances, peace-building, among others, encourage reflections that can be welcome in future cooperation.

Cattle breeding, trypanosomosis prevalence and drug resistance in Northern Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Tchamdja, E; Kulo, A E; Vitouley, H S; Batawui, K; Bankolé, A A; Adomefa, K; Cecchi, G; Hoppenheit, A; Clausen, P H; De Deken, R; Van Den Abbeele, J; Marcotty, T; Delespaux, V

2017-03-15

African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major disease of cattle in Togo and its control is essentially based on chemotherapy. However, because of excessive use of trypanocides during the past decades, chemo-resistance in the parasites has developed. In order to assess the current situation of AAT and resistance to trypanocidal drugs in Northern Togo, a study was conducted on cattle from December 2012 to August 2013 in the regions of Kara and Savanes. An initial cross-sectional survey was carried out in 40 villages using the Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (HCT). Out of these, 5 villages with a trypanosome prevalence of >10% were selected for a block treatment study (BT) with diminazene diaceturate (DA: 3.5mg/kg for a 14-day follow-up) and isometamidium chloride (ISM: 0.5mg/kg for a 28-day follow-up). Positive blood samples collected during the parasitological surveys and an equivalent number of negatives were further analyzed by PCR-RFLP for trypanosome species confirmation and molecular diagnosis of resistance to DA in Trypanosoma congolense. The results from 1883 bovine blood samples confirmed a high overall trypanosome prevalence of 10.8% in Northern Togo. PCR-RFLP revealed that T. congolense is the dominant pathogenic trypanosome species (50.5%) followed by T. vivax (27.3%), and T. brucei (16.2%). The BT showed varying levels of treatment failures ranging from 0 to 30% and from 0 to 50% for DA and for ISM respectively, suggesting the existence of resistant trypanosome populations in the study area. Our results show that AAT still represents a major obstacle to the development of cattle husbandry in Northern Togo. In areas of high AAT risk, a community-based integrated strategy combining vector control, rational use of trypanocidal drugs and improving the general condition of the animals is recommended to decision makers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Climate Change Impact on Togo's Agriculture Performance: A ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Climate Change Impact on Togo's Agriculture Performance: A Ricardian Analysis Based on Time Series Data. ... Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management ... Conclusively, the impact of climate change on agriculture seems to be varied with the temperature and precipitation in different seasons. Climate ...

Les cardiopathies congenitales (cc) au Togo aspects ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The petrology of the. Follot (16.96%) and the CIA (06.25%) 112 patients have been transferred to foreign countries of which 74.10% Suisse 107 CC have been operated. The evolution has been favourable in 89.18%. In Togo, the discovery of the CC has been done lately posing therefore a problem of therapeutic choice.

[International cooperation with the neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer in Togo].

Science.gov (United States)

Niiyama, Tomoki

2013-12-01

The objectives of this paper are to grasp the current status of an endemic disease, known as Buruli ulcer (BU), in the Republic of Togo and the expansion of international assistance in the field. By adopting the explicit support model, this paper also compares the obtained research results with those of the Republic of Ghana and Benin, to clarify the primary functions played among respective governments, WHO, and NGO. Under the auspices of the WHO Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative (GBUI, 1998-), National Buruli Ulcer Control Programme (NBUCP) in the Togo was initiated in 1999. However, due to the shortage of national budget and politico-economic instabilities of the nation, the actual implementation of NBUCP proved to be problematic. It was after 2007 that the programme began to move forward with the interventions of NGOs like DAHW and Handicap International. Currently, major players involved in the implementation of the policies provided by the GBUI are WHO, NGOs and the targeted governments. In other words, the organizations involved in BU treatment work together by fulfilling their functions. Unlike the neighboring countries, the Togolese government encountered much difficulty in materializing its national programme. Largely due to the political instability and the severe shortage of national budget, stronger assistances from NGOs were required at various levels of the national health measures from formulating to implementing the programme. As the programmes in Togo and Ghana/Benin expanded over the years, the respective support model revealed to be unique and different. In Ghana and Benin, intimate cooperation among WHO, government and NGOs has been established. In Togo, strengthening of collaboration among the three players is expected.

Download - TogoTV | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available switchLanguage; BLAST Search Image Search Home About Archive Update History Data ... Download License Update History of This Database Site Policy | Contact Us Download - TogoTV | LSDB Archive ...

Dusk to dawn activity patterns of anopheline mosquitoes in West Timor and Java, Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Ndoen, Ermi; Wild, Clyde; Dale, Pat; Sipe, Neil; Dale, Mike

2011-05-01

Malaria is a serious health issue in Indonesia. We investigated the dusk to dawn anopheline mosquito activity patterns, host-seeking and resting locations in coastal plain, hilly and highland areas in West Timor and Java. Adult mosquitoes were captured landing on humans or resting in houses or animal barns. Data analyzed were: mosquito night-time activities; period of peak activity; night-time activity in specific periods of time and for mosquito resting locations. Eleven species were recorded; data were sparse for some species therefore detailed analyses were performed for four species only. In Java Anopheles vagus was common, with a bimodal pattern of high activity. In West Timor, its activity peaked around midnight. Other species with peak activity around the middle of the night were An. barbirostris and An. subpictus. Most species showed no biting and resting preference for indoors or outdoors, although An. barbirostris preferred indoors in West Timor, but outdoors in Java. An. aconitus and An. annularis preferred resting in human dwellings; An. subpictus and An. vagus preferred resting in animal barns. An. barbirostris preferred resting in human dwellings in West Timor and in animal barns in Java. The information is useful for planning the mosquito control aspect of malaria management. For example, where mosquito species have peak activity at night indoors, bednets and indoor residual spraying should reduce malaria risk, but where mosquitoes are most active outdoors, other options may be more effective.

Human settlement history between Sunda and Sahul: a focus on East Timor (Timor-Leste) and the Pleistocenic mtDNA diversity.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Sibylle M; Bodner, Martin; Souto, Luis; Zimmermann, Bettina; Huber, Gabriela; Strobl, Christina; Röck, Alexander W; Achilli, Alessandro; Olivieri, Anna; Torroni, Antonio; Côrte-Real, Francisco; Parson, Walther

2015-02-14

Distinct, partly competing, "waves" have been proposed to explain human migration in(to) today's Island Southeast Asia and Australia based on genetic (and other) evidence. The paucity of high quality and high resolution data has impeded insights so far. In this study, one of the first in a forensic environment, we used the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) for generating complete mitogenome sequences via stand-alone massively parallel sequencing and describe a standard data validation practice. In this first representative investigation on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation of East Timor (Timor-Leste) population including >300 individuals, we put special emphasis on the reconstruction of the initial settlement, in particular on the previously poorly resolved haplogroup P1, an indigenous lineage of the Southwest Pacific region. Our results suggest a colonization of southern Sahul (Australia) >37 kya, limited subsequent exchange, and a parallel incubation of initial settlers in northern Sahul (New Guinea) followed by westward migrations <28 kya. The temporal proximity and possible coincidence of these latter dispersals, which encompassed autochthonous haplogroups, with the postulated "later" events of (South) East Asian origin pinpoints a highly dynamic migratory phase.

Solar lanterns or solar home lighting systems - Community preferences in East Timor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bond, M.; Aye, Lu; Fuller, R.J. [Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010 (Australia)

2010-05-15

Access to electrification in rural areas of East Timor is extremely limited with as few as 5% of rural households connected to electricity. The government of East Timor intends to increase rural access to electricity significantly in the coming decade. The introduction of small PV systems is envisaged for many households in the most remote areas. Several agencies have piloted the introduction of small solar home systems (SHS) and solar lanterns. In the Railaco sub-district of East Timor, some 1000 households have experience of using either SHS and/or solar lanterns and are in a unique position to indicate a preference regarding these forms of PV lighting technology. This paper reports on a survey of 76 households in Railaco investigating experience with PV lighting systems. Results of the survey indicate a strong preference by users for SHS rather than lanterns. The preference for SHS arose from a range of factors including: a perception of better light quality; ability to illuminate the whole house; reduced risk of damage to the PV equipment; and longer duration of nightly operation. The research indicates that where a single PV lighting system is provided, users are likely to prefer SHS to solar lanterns. (author)

TogoDoc server/client system: smart recommendation and efficient management of life science literature.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wataru Iwasaki

Full Text Available In this paper, we describe a server/client literature management system specialized for the life science domain, the TogoDoc system (Togo, pronounced Toe-Go, is a romanization of a Japanese word for integration. The server and the client program cooperate closely over the Internet to provide life scientists with an effective literature recommendation service and efficient literature management. The content-based and personalized literature recommendation helps researchers to isolate interesting papers from the "tsunami" of literature, in which, on average, more than one biomedical paper is added to MEDLINE every minute. Because researchers these days need to cover updates of much wider topics to generate hypotheses using massive datasets obtained from public databases or omics experiments, the importance of having an effective literature recommendation service is rising. The automatic recommendation is based on the content of personal literature libraries of electronic PDF papers. The client program automatically analyzes these files, which are sometimes deeply buried in storage disks of researchers' personal computers. Just saving PDF papers to the designated folders makes the client program automatically analyze and retrieve metadata, rename file names, synchronize the data to the server, and receive the recommendation lists of newly published papers, thus accomplishing effortless literature management. In addition, the tag suggestion and associative search functions are provided for easy classification of and access to past papers (researchers who read many papers sometimes only vaguely remember or completely forget what they read in the past. The TogoDoc system is available for both Windows and Mac OS X and is free. The TogoDoc Client software is available at http://tdc.cb.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/, and the TogoDoc server is available at https://docman.dbcls.jp/pubmed_recom.

TogoDoc server/client system: smart recommendation and efficient management of life science literature.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwasaki, Wataru; Yamamoto, Yasunori; Takagi, Toshihisa

2010-12-13

In this paper, we describe a server/client literature management system specialized for the life science domain, the TogoDoc system (Togo, pronounced Toe-Go, is a romanization of a Japanese word for integration). The server and the client program cooperate closely over the Internet to provide life scientists with an effective literature recommendation service and efficient literature management. The content-based and personalized literature recommendation helps researchers to isolate interesting papers from the "tsunami" of literature, in which, on average, more than one biomedical paper is added to MEDLINE every minute. Because researchers these days need to cover updates of much wider topics to generate hypotheses using massive datasets obtained from public databases or omics experiments, the importance of having an effective literature recommendation service is rising. The automatic recommendation is based on the content of personal literature libraries of electronic PDF papers. The client program automatically analyzes these files, which are sometimes deeply buried in storage disks of researchers' personal computers. Just saving PDF papers to the designated folders makes the client program automatically analyze and retrieve metadata, rename file names, synchronize the data to the server, and receive the recommendation lists of newly published papers, thus accomplishing effortless literature management. In addition, the tag suggestion and associative search functions are provided for easy classification of and access to past papers (researchers who read many papers sometimes only vaguely remember or completely forget what they read in the past). The TogoDoc system is available for both Windows and Mac OS X and is free. The TogoDoc Client software is available at http://tdc.cb.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/, and the TogoDoc server is available at https://docman.dbcls.jp/pubmed_recom.

Back to the Future?: Timor-Leste, Cuba and the return of the mass literacy campaign

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Bob Boughton

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In December 2005, eleven Cuban educational advisers arrived in Timor-Leste to begin work on a national literacy campaign. Adapting the program known in Latin America as Yo, Sí Puedo (Yes I Can, the Cubans trained over 400 local tutors to run classes in every part of the country, using a method they call ‘alphanumeric’, delivered via audiovisual technology. The campaign was launched in March 2007, and the first classes began in June of that year. By September 2010, three years later, over 70,000 adults, over one fifth of the total illiterate population, had successfully completed a thirteen week basic literacy course. Drawing on original research undertaken in Timor-Leste between 2004 and 2009, followed by further investigations in May 2010 in Havana, Cuba, this paper describes the Timor-Leste campaign, locating it within the historical commitment of the country’s independence movement to adult literacy, and the broader context of Cuba’s international literacy work.

The Australian Governments' Attitude to East Timor Problem in 1974-1996

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Е V Esakova

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In the article the author considers the reasons of East Timor problem, the factors which conditioned the Australian government attitude to the issue as well as the attitude of Indonesian government to this conflict resolution.

Emergence of Lassa Fever Disease in Northern Togo: Report of Two Cases in Oti District in 2016

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Akouda Akessiwe Patassi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Lassa fever belongs to the group of potentially fatal hemorrhagic fevers, never reported in Togo. The aim of this paper is to report the first two cases of Lassa fever infection in Togo. Case Presentation. The two first Lassa fever cases occurred in two expatriate’s health professionals working in Togo for more than two years. The symptoms appeared among two health professionals of a clinic located in Oti district in the north of the country. The absence of clinical improvement after antimalarial treatment and the worsening of clinical symptoms led to the medical evacuation. The delayed diagnosis of the first case led to a fatal outcome. The second case recovered under ribavirin treatment. Conclusion. The emergence of this hemorrhagic fever confirms the existence of Lassa fever virus in Togo. After a period of intensive Ebola virus transmission from 2013 to 2015, this is an additional call for the establishment and enhancement of infection prevention and control measures in the health care setting in West Africa.

Cancer de la Vessie au Togo : Aspects Diagnostiques Et ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mots clés : cancer de la vessie, diagnostic, traitement ;. ABSTRACT. Cancer of the Bladder in Togo. Clinical and Management Aspects at the Teaching Hospital of Sylvanus Olympio. Objective: to describe the clinical and management features in patients followed for bladder cancer at the teaching hospital of Sylvanus ...

"The family is the clinic, the community is the hospital": community mental health in Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Hawkins, Zoe; Tilman, Teofilo

2011-07-01

This paper describes the history and recent development of mental health services in Timor-Leste, a small developing country recovering from conflict. Challenges to effective service delivery are discussed as well as plans for future development. Timor-Leste's mental health service began just over a decade ago. Unlike many other low and middle income countries where hospital-based services predominate, the mental health model in Timor-Leste is entirely community based. However, challenges to effective mental health care delivery are similar to most developing countries and include a lack of sufficient financial resources, human resources, and mental health infrastructure. Addressing these issues successfully requires political will, a greater prioritization of mental health services, close coordination between stakeholders, as well as developments in the area of education, training and infrastructure. Greater understanding and education about the links between mental and physical health would benefit the overall health of the population, and integration of these respective policies may prove a successful method of more equitably redistributing finances and resources.

"Conical Hut": A Basic Form of House Types in Timor Island

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Chen, Y. R.; Lim, Y. L.; Wang, M. H.; Chen, C. Y.

2015-08-01

Timor Island situates in the southeast end of Southeast Asia. The island accommodates many ethnic groups, which produce many diverse house types. As visiting East Timor in 2012 and Timor Island in 2014, we found the "Pair- House Type" widely spread over Timor Island. Uma Lulik (holy house), accommodating the ancestry soul, fireplace and elder's bed, and Uma Tidor (house for sleep), containing living, sleeping and working space, compose the pair-house. The research team visited 14 ethnic groups and their houses, some of which were measured and drawn into 3D models as back to Taiwan. Uma Tidors of each ethnic group are quite similar with rectangular volume and hip roof, however, one of the fourteen ethnic groups can build cylinder houses for Uma Tidor. Uma Luliks of different ethnic groups are diversified and special. One group of the Uma Luliks shows a rectangular or square volume sheltered by a hip roof. The other group of Uma Luliks presents a non-specific volume under a conical roof, that we called the "conical hut". Seven ethnic groups, Atoni, Weimua, Makassae, Mambai, Bunaq, Kemak and Bekais, have built "conical huts" for the use of Uma Lulik. People of the seven ethnic groups can construct a reasonable structural system to support the conical roof, and take good advantage of the space under the conical roof to meet their sacred needs and everyday life. "Conical Hut" may be regarded as the basic form of the house types adopted by the seven ethnic groups. It contains the basic spatial limits and the formal properties that the construction systems have to follow. Based on the concise rules of the basic form, people of each ethnic group use their talents, skills and building materials to generate variations of "conical hut", which are different in house scale, spatial layout, construction system and form. The "conical huts" contain the consistency that all the huts come from the basic form, meanwhile, they also present the diversification that each conical hut has

"Conical Hut": A Basic Form of House Types in Timor Island

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Y. R. Chen

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Timor Island situates in the southeast end of Southeast Asia. The island accommodates many ethnic groups, which produce many diverse house types. As visiting East Timor in 2012 and Timor Island in 2014, we found the “Pair- House Type” widely spread over Timor Island. Uma Lulik (holy house, accommodating the ancestry soul, fireplace and elder’s bed, and Uma Tidor (house for sleep, containing living, sleeping and working space, compose the pair-house. The research team visited 14 ethnic groups and their houses, some of which were measured and drawn into 3D models as back to Taiwan. Uma Tidors of each ethnic group are quite similar with rectangular volume and hip roof, however, one of the fourteen ethnic groups can build cylinder houses for Uma Tidor. Uma Luliks of different ethnic groups are diversified and special. One group of the Uma Luliks shows a rectangular or square volume sheltered by a hip roof. The other group of Uma Luliks presents a non-specific volume under a conical roof, that we called the “conical hut”. Seven ethnic groups, Atoni, Weimua, Makassae, Mambai, Bunaq, Kemak and Bekais, have built “conical huts” for the use of Uma Lulik. People of the seven ethnic groups can construct a reasonable structural system to support the conical roof, and take good advantage of the space under the conical roof to meet their sacred needs and everyday life. “Conical Hut” may be regarded as the basic form of the house types adopted by the seven ethnic groups. It contains the basic spatial limits and the formal properties that the construction systems have to follow. Based on the concise rules of the basic form, people of each ethnic group use their talents, skills and building materials to generate variations of “conical hut”, which are different in house scale, spatial layout, construction system and form. The “conical huts” contain the consistency that all the huts come from the basic form, meanwhile, they also present

[Contribution to the establishment of quality assurance in five medical microbiology departments in Togo].

Science.gov (United States)

Katawa, G; Kpotsra, A; Karou, D S; Eklou, M; Tayi, K E; de Souza, C

2011-02-01

In Togo, as in many other developing countries, there is a lack of data on quality control and assurance of laboratories. The present study aimed to access for the quality management system in five medical bacteriology laboratories in Togo. The study was conducted from May to August 2006. Data were recorded by an audit on the reliability of results and the technical organization of laboratories. The standard ISO 15189:2003, the Togolese guide of good laboratory practices (GBEA-Togo) and the WHO medical bacteriology standards were used as references. The results of the audit showed a lack of culture media in laboratories, inappropriate choice of culture media, partial identification of some microorganisms, variability of identification procedures, a lack of diagnostic reagents and an inability to identify some potentially pathogenic bacteria. Concerning the technical organization of laboratories, compliance average ranging from 25.8 to 54.8 % was recorded. This indicates a limited organization of such laboratories. The issue of this study showed that laboratories must be equipped, their technical organization should be improved and they must establish a program of equipment maintenance.

[Medication adherence of 65 patients in hemodialysis in Togo].

Science.gov (United States)

Sabi, K A; Noto-Kadou-Kaza, B; Amekoudi, Y E; Tsevi, M C; Sylla, F; Kossidze, K; Gnionsahe, D A

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess adherence in people on hemodialysis and determine the factors of poor adherence. This cross-sectional study took place throughout the month of September, 2012, in the hemodialysis center of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital, the only such center in Togo. The study included 65 patients, with a mean age of 49.5 years (range: 22 to 77 years), more often men (sex ratio: 1.82) and married (74 %). More than half (58%) had completed secondary education, while 73% belonged to the least advantaged socioeconomic class; 61 (94%) had health insurance, and 57% had been on dialysis for 1 to 4 years. The compliance rate was 11%. The main factors associated with good adherence were marital status (p = 0.0339) and the patient's general health status (p = 0.001). Treatment fatigue (p = 0.0347), forgetfulness (p = 0.0001), dosage forms and drug characteristics (p = 0.0198) were all factors of noncompliance. Therapeutic non-compliance was proportional to the number of drugs prescribed (p = 0.4263). Adherence in hemodialysis patients in Togo is very poor.

Land access and livelihoods in post-conflict Timor-Leste: no magic bullets

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Simon P.J. Batterbury

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In Timor-Leste, customary institutions contribute to sustainable and equitable rural development and the establishment of improved access to and management of land, water and other natural resources. Drawing on multi-sited empirical research, we argue that the recognition and valorization of custom and common property management is a prerequisite for sustainable and equitable land tenure reform in Timor-Leste. In a four-community study of the relationship between land access and the practice of rural livelihoods in eastern and western districts of Timor-Leste, where customary management systems are dominant, we found different types of traditional dispute resolution, with deep roots in traditional forms of land management and with varying levels of conflict. The article shows how customary land tenure systems have already managed to create viable moral economies. Interviewees expressed a desire for the government to formalize its recognition and support for customary systems and to provide them with basic livelihood support and services. This was more important than instituting private landholding or state appropriation of community lands, which is perceived to be the focus of national draft land laws and an internationally supported project. We suggest ways in which diverse customary institutions can co-exist and work with state institutions to build collective political legitimacy in the rural hinterlands, within the context of upgrading the quality of rural life, promoting social and ecological harmony, and conflict management.

Subordinating Timor: Central authority and the origins of communal identities in East Timor

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Douglas Kammen

2010-09-01

Full Text Available In 2006, a mere seven years after the overwhelming vote in opposition to Indonesia's final offer of 'broad autonomy' and only four years after the restoration of independence, communal violence erupted in Dili, the capital of East Timor. This violence was framed in terms of tensions between westerners, known as kaladi, and easterners, known as firaku. This essay seeks to answer two basic puzzles. First, what are the origins of these communal labels? Second, why did these terms resonate so profoundly within East Timorese society so soon after independence? Tracing the history of these terms, this essay argues that across more than three centuries these communal labels have emerged during crucial struggles to exert central authority. In doing so, this essay highlights the relationship between regional identities and the social ecology of food.

Direct dating of Pleistocene stegodon from Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara

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Julien Louys

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Stegodons are a commonly recovered extinct proboscidean (elephants and allies from the Pleistocene record of Southeast Asian oceanic islands. Estimates on when stegodons arrived on individual islands and the timings of their extinctions are poorly constrained due to few reported direct geochronological analyses of their remains. Here we report on uranium-series dating of a stegodon tusk recovered from the Ainaro Gravels of Timor. The six dates obtained indicate the local presence of stegodons in Timor at or before 130 ka, significantly pre-dating the earliest evidence of humans on the island. On the basis of current data, we find no evidence for significant environmental changes or the presence of modern humans in the region during that time. Thus, we do not consider either of these factors to have contributed significantly to their extinction. In the absence of these, we propose that their extinction was possibly the result of long-term demographic and genetic declines associated with an isolated island population.

PRODUKTIVITAS PADANG PENGGEMBALAAN SABANA TIMOR BARAT

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Arnold E. Manu

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to evaluate the West Timor savanna productive at different season. The location of this study is in the station of Lili field, Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology Naibonat Kupang, with 40 hectare of savannah for pasture, held in one year. The data collected are botanical composition, production, feed intake in savannah and forage quality also the carrying capacity. The data analyzed descriptively. The amount of goat used for measurement of feed intake in savannah is 10 does. The result showed that the averages of forage fluctuation available is between 0.61-4,33 ton/hectare. The lowest point of production is happened in the edge of dry season (October that is 0.61 ton/hectare. Then it increases in early of rainy (December and reaches the highest point in the early of dry season (April. From this point, then it decreases and reach the lowest point in October, so, the forage production in nature was increases in December. The composition rate of CP is very varied, that is 2.71-9.48%. The composition of CP in nature grass has no significant difference with the composition in other locations of Timor, that is 2.26 % in the ends of dry season and become 8-10% in the rainy. Most of forage on the pasture is nature grass that is upper 90% and relative less of leguminous plants. The lack proportion of leguminous plants in nature savannah result in the less of forage quality, especially during the dry season there is no legume proportion and the quality of nature grass become very low.

Body measurements and testosteron level of male Timor deer (Rusa timorensis at various hierarchies

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D. Samsudewa

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research was to observe body (neck, chest and scrotum circumferences and testosterone level of α-male, β-male and subordinate male Timor deer reared under captivity after establisment of the dominance hierarchy. Twelve males (51 ± 6 months old; 68.29 ± 8.41 kg body weight and in same antler stages were used in this research. The bucks was grouped into three stall each containing four bucks. ELISA kit and tape measurements were used for plasma Testosterone assay and body measurement, respectively. Data was collected before and 43 days after establishment of the dominance hierarchy. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Kruskal-Wallis H test of non-parametric analysis was used. Significant difference was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed no significantly different for body circumferences (neck, chest, scrotum and testosterone level of male Timor deer before establishment of dominance hierarchy. Chest and scrotum circumferences of male Timor deer after establihment of dominance hierarchy showed no significantly different. Significantly difference shown on parameter neck circumference (P<0.05; χ2 = 8.74 and testosteron level (P<0.05; χ2 = 7.87 after establishment of dominance hierarchy. In conclusion, dominance hierarchy affected the testosterone level and body measurement.

Korea’s Post-Conflict Peace Operations: A Comparative Assessment of Korean Combat Battalions in East Timor and Lebanon

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-01

became popular throughout East Timor, and the national East Timor Taekwondo championship was among the Independence Day events in May 2002. Taekwondo...Israeli territory. Israeli forces entered the war with their overwhelming naval, air and land attacks. Intense fighting , in which 1,187 Lebanese and...relationship of brothers in humanity that ultimately defines our utmost love for UNIFIL and its soldiers.339 However, a positive local reputation is not

Nearshore Benthic Habitats of Timor-Leste Derived from WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Benthic habitat classes were derived for nearshore waters (< 20 m depths) around Timor-Leste from DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 satellite imagery, acquired from Jan 26...

Contested Space of Transborder Fishing in Timor and Arafura Seas

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Shiskha Prabawaningtyas

2017-06-01

This paper examines the transformation of transborder fishing in Timor and Arafura Sea to demonstrated the contested space of which interplayed by local, state and international actor. State regulations had transformed transborder fishing into political space of authority competition relied on territorial sovereignty, while socio-cultural heritage reminds exploited within fluid space of livelihood survival when state function is just absent.

Final report of Phase 1 of the project: Assistance in developing the management of the petroleum sector in Timor-Leste 2002 - 2008

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-05-15

This is an institutional cooperation programme between the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and The Ministry of Natural Resources, Minerals and Energy Policy in Timor-Leste, funded by the Oil for Development programme from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD). This final report is required according to the Country Agreement (Appendix 1), Article VII, Section 5: - East Timor shall submit to Norway a final report within 6 months after the completion of the Project. The report shall give a summary of outputs and activities undertaken, achievements compared to Goal and Objective and an assessment of the efficiency of the Project.- This report summarizes the planning of the Project, the activities and outputs, shows how project funds have been spent and discusses the results of the project. It is hoped that it also functions as a history book for an important factor in the early development of Timor-Leste's petroleum sector and for this long and high profiled Norwegian Development project. For the period 2003-2006, the Implementing institution in Timor-Leste was The Ministry of Natural Resources, Minerals and Energy Policy. From 2007 and for the rest of the project-period, the implementing institution was changed to the Secretariat of State for Natural Resources. The main tasks for the cooperation project were: Training on petroleum tax, accounting and basic finance topics for staff in the Petroleum Tax Division, MOPF; Analyze and give advice on possible tax effects and revenue effects regarding PSA agreements, gas pipeline and the implementation of new consolidated tax law; Help establish regular meetings with DNPG/TSDA and MOF to discuss current issues and improve flow of information between the different Timor-Leste petroleum authorities; Conduct and give advice on tax audits and desk audits Identify and give advice on current petroleum tax issues; Designed spreadsheets to facilitate overall monitoring of petroleum tax payments; New tax return

La Sedimentation Argileuse dans le Bassin Côtier du Togo, Reflet ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

During the marine sedimentation within the Togo coastal basin, the impact of input continental origin was very important despite their various nature and the sedimentary or diagenetic modifications demanded by active or passive receptive depositional environment. Sedimentary clays in the basin reflect climatic, tectonic ...

Toka Boot/The Big Jam: Making Music in Rural East Timor

Science.gov (United States)

Howell, Gillian; Dunphy, Kim

2012-01-01

This article discusses a community music project in rural East Timor. Australian musician Gillian Howell lived for three months in the isolated town of Lospalos as an Asialink artist-in-residence, where she worked with local community members and visiting Australian musicians to share music and ideas, and to communicate across cultures. Three…

Spotlight: Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

May, J F

1988-12-01

The Republic of Togo is a land of 21,622 square miles on the west coast of Africa, 8 degrees north of the equator. The country is divided between the Kabye people in the north (22%) and the Ewe people in the south (35%). The president, General Gnassingbe Eyadema, is a Kabye. The population of 3.3 million (1988) is growing at the rate of 3.3%/year, despite an infant mortality of 107 deaths/1000 live births and a life expectancy of only 54 years. The total fertility rate is 6.5 children/woman. The birth rate is 47 births/1000 population, and the death rate is 14/1000. Population growth, especially in the cities of Lome and Kara, where 1/4 of the population lives, is considered a major threat to development. A Demographic and Health Survey has been taken, and a Conference on Population and Development was held in Lome in 1987 to draft a national population policy statement. Family planning services need to be implemented to raise the contraceptive prevalence rate above its present 2%, and the population needs to be redistributed, but this requires investment of funds currently being used to service the foreign debt. The country's gross national product is only $300 per capita.

Connaissances et attitudes des manipulateurs radio du Togo sur l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectif : Evaluer les connaissances et les attitudes des manipulateurs togolais sur l'irradiation médicale des grossesses. Matériels et Méthode : Etude transversale menée en Avril 2011 chez 72 manipulateurs de radiologie des structures sanitaires publiques et privées du Togo. Résultats : Le quart des manipulateurs ...

Vegetable production in Togo and potential impact of pesticide use ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In West Africa, market gardening is considered one of the sectors in agriculture that consumes lots of pesticides. In order to study (i) the principal protection practices of vegetables and (ii) the inherent environmental risks to pesticide use practices, a survey was carried in Togo from 2010 to 2011. A random selection of 161 ...

Communication interauriculaire (cia) chez l'enfant au Togo: Aspects ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The CIA in our study was associated with CIV in 19.51% of cases and with the tetralogy of Fallot in 4.88%. We had found 92.68% of CIA ostium secundum. The ¾ of children had been transferred and received in majority by Swiss (70%) where surgical curative had been done (90%). The take over of the CIA in Togo is still a ...

Estimasi Potensi dan Kinerja Sapi Bali di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (The Potency Estimation and Performance of Bali Cattle in Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province

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Trimeldus Tulak Tonbesi

2012-02-01

Djagra Formula could be used to estimate male and female Bali cattle body weight in regency north middle Timor with correction factor each -0.34% and -16.71%. (Key words: Bali Cattle, Performance, Potency, Population dynamics

Ewe (for Togo): Grammar Handbook. Peace Corps Language Handbook Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Kozelka, Paul R.

This handbook is composed of: (1) 20 grammar lessons; (2) an introduction to the handbook and to the Ewe language; (3) an appendix presenting the most important differences between Ewe and Mina, the lingua franca in the capital and in markets, offices, and work-sites throughout Togo; (4) answers to written summary exercises; (5) an Ewe-English…

[Stigma and discrimination experienced by people living with HIV in Togo, in 2013].

Science.gov (United States)

Saka, Bayaki; Tchounga, Boris; Ekouevi, Didier K; Sehonou, Céphas; Sewu, Essèboè; Dokla, Augustin; Maboudou, Angèle; Kassankogno, Yao; Palokinam Pitche, Vincent

2017-01-01

Stigma and discrimination experienced by people living with HIV (PLWHA) prevent and delay access to prevention and treatment services. The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of stigma and discrimination experienced by PLWHA in Togo and to identify the associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 among PLWHA in Togo in order to collect data on stigma or discrimination experiences. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify associated factors. A total of 891 PLWHA were interviewed, including 848 (95.2%) receiving antiretroviral therapy. External stigma (37.9%) was the major form of stigmatization followed by internalized stigma (35.4%). The main features of external stigma were gossip (36.5%) and issues to access education (36.0%). Internalized stigma mainly consisted of a feeling of guilt (37.6%) and self-devaluation (36.0%). In univariate and multivariate analysis, female gender was significantly associated with stigma (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI [1.08-2.77]). Of the 891 PLWHA, 75 (8.4%) reported a violation of their rights. Finally 27 (4.1%) were discouraged from having children by a health professional because of their HIV status. Stigma affects more than one-third of PLWHA in Togo, more particularly females. It appears necessary to design new interventions and integrate psychosocial care in the management of PLWHA, in addition to antiretroviral therapy.

Air dan Konflik: Studi Kasus Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

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Hary Jocom

2016-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Secara perhitungan teknis, antara ketersediaan air dan kebutuhan air per kapita mencukupi di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, namun permasalahan aksesibilitas yang menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan dibeberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Kolbano dan Kualin, Kab. TTS bertujuan pembuktian teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick tentang konflik berbasis sumber daya alam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwapertama, ketidakadilan akses terhadap sumber daya air tidak menimbulkan konflik antar masyarakat, dan kedua, tidak terjadi migrasi besar dari wilayah langka air ke wilayah lain. Faktor yang melandasiadalah adanyanilai-nilai budaya yang masih dipercaya dan dijaga, sehingga mampumenciptakan harmoni sosial. Temuan empirik ini menjadi sebuah penemuan teori baru dari pengembangan teori Homer-Dixon dan Gleick yang menyatakan bahwa kelangkaan sumber daya alam/air menimbulkan konflik, namun tidak terjadi dalam konteks masyarakat di Kec. Kolbano dan Kualin, dan wilayah lain di Kab. TTS.   Kata kunci: Kelangkaan air, konflik, sumberdaya air, sumber daya alam ABSTRACT In technical calculations, between water availability and water demand per capita is sufficient in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS East Nusa Tenggara province, but the problem of accessibility caused drought in some areas. This research was conducted in the District Kolbano and Kualin, Kab. TTS aims at proving the theory Homer-Dixon and Gleick about natural resource-based conflicts. The results showed that the first, inequality in access to water resources does not generate conflicts between communities, and second, there was no major migration of water-scarce region to region. Factors underlying is their cultural values ​​are still believed and guarded, so as to create social harmony. These empirical findings into a discovery of a new theory of the development of the theory of Homer-Dixon and Gleick stating that the scarcity of natural resources

Ethnopharmacological survey of plant species used in folk medicine against central nervous system disorders in Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Kantati, Yendube T; Kodjo, K Magloire; Dogbeavou, Koffi S; Vaudry, David; Leprince, Jérôme; Gbeassor, Messanvi

2016-04-02

Neurological diseases are rising all around the world. In a developing country such as Togo, although plant-based medicines are the only means, still very little is known regarding the nature and efficiency of medicinal plants used by indigenous people to manage central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This study, an ethnobotanical survey, aimed to report plant species used in traditional medicine (TM) for the management of various CNS disorders in Togo. 52 traditional actors (TA) including 33 traditional healers (TH) and 19 medicinal plant sellers (MPS) were interviewed, using a questionnaire mentioning informants' general data and uses of medicinal plants. The present study reports 44 medicinal plant species distributed into 26 families, mentioning scientific and common local names, plant organs used, preparation method, root of administration and putative applications. It appears that there is a real knowledge on medicinal plants used for traditional treatment of CNS disorders in Togo and that the local flora abounds of potentially neuroactive plants which could be useful for the discovery of antipsychotic or neuroprotective molecules. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Togo: Political and Socio-Economic Development (2015-2017)

OpenAIRE

Kohnert, Dirk

2018-01-01

Author’s extended and updated version of 'BTI 2018 - Togo Country Report'. Abstract: The presidential elections of 25 April 2015 resulted in a victory for the incumbent, Faure Gnassingbé. Thus, he secured his third five-year term, consolidating the Gnassingbé-clan’s grip on power. The latter have ruled the country since 1967. In view of the ruling party’s absolute parliamentary majority, further meaningful constitutional and electoral reforms that would have been required for free and fair el...

Participatory Theater, Is It Really? A Critical Examination of Practices in Timor-Leste

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Julia Scharinger

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Dance, music, and oral narratives are an important and vibrant part of cultural practice and heritage in Timor-Leste. But while Timorese people have used such creative methods and processes during rituals, celebrations, and their fight for independence, today arts and artistic expression become an increasingly popular strategy in development cooperation. Especially diff erent forms of so-called participatory theater with origins in development cooperation, arts, and social movements, present themselves as innovative, participatory, and well applicable in terms of capacity building and stimulating positive social transformation. Based on the author’s experience and observations, this article critically examines the alliance between various stakeholders in Timor-Leste engaging with the fact that the current scene of participatory theater can hardly be seen as an independent grassroots or even social movement, rather than an initiated top-down process by donors with specific agendas.

Reconstructing tuberculosis services after major conflict: experiences and lessons learned in East Timor.

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Nelson Martins

2006-10-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB is a major public health problem in developing countries. Following the disruption to health services in East Timor due to violent political conflict in 1999, the National Tuberculosis Control Program was established, with a local non-government organisation as the lead agency. Within a few months, the TB program was operational in all districts. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using the East Timor TB program as a case study, we have examined the enabling factors for the implementation of this type of communicable disease control program in a post-conflict setting. Stakeholder analysis was undertaken, and semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2003 with 24 key local and international stakeholders. Coordination, cooperation, and collaboration were identified as major contributors to the success of the TB program. The existing local structure and experience of the local non-government organisation, the commitment among local personnel and international advisors to establishing an effective program, and the willingness of international advisers and local counterparts to be flexible in their approach were also important factors. This success was achieved despite major impediments, including mass population displacement, lack of infrastructure, and the competing interests of organisations working in the health sector. CONCLUSIONS: Five years after the conflict, the TB program continues to operate in all districts with high notification rates, although the lack of a feeling of ownership by government health workers remains a challenge. Lessons learned in East Timor may be applicable to other post-conflict settings where TB is highly prevalent, and may have relevance to other disease control programs.

Coral reef fish biomass and benthic cover data from Timor-Leste in June 2013

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Coral reef fish and benthos were surveyed at 150 shallow-water coral reef sites across the north coast of Timor-Leste and around Atauro Island in June 2013 during a...

COMPARISON OF TREND PROJECTION METHODS AND BACKPROPAGATION PROJECTIONS METHODS TREND IN PREDICTING THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS DIED IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN TIMOR TENGAH REGENCY, NUSA TENGGARA

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Aleksius Madu

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to predict the number of traffic accident victims who died in Timor Tengah Regency with Trend Projection method and Backpropagation method, and compare the two methods based on the degree of guilt and predict the number traffic accident victims in the Timor Tengah Regency for the coming year. This research was conducted in Timor Tengah Regency where data used in this study was obtained from Police Unit in Timor Tengah Regency. The data is on the number of traffic accidents in Timor Tengah Regency from 2000 – 2013, which is obtained by a quantitative analysis with Trend Projection and Backpropagation method. The results of the data analysis predicting the number of traffic accidents victims using Trend Projection method obtained the best model which is the quadratic trend model with equation Yk = 39.786 + (3.297 X + (0.13 X2. Whereas by using back propagation method, it is obtained the optimum network that consists of 2 inputs, 3 hidden screens, and 1 output. Based on the error rates obtained, Back propagation method is better than the Trend Projection method which means that the predicting accuracy with Back propagation method is the best method to predict the number of traffic accidents victims in Timor Tengah Regency. Thus obtained predicting the numbers of traffic accident victims for the next 5 years (Years 2014-2018 respectively - are 106 person, 115 person, 115 person, 119 person and 120 person.   Keywords: Trend Projection, Back propagation, Predicting.

Multilingual Language Policy and Mother Tongue Education in Timor-Leste: A Multiscalar Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Caffery, Jo; Coronado, Gabriela; Hodge, Bob

2016-01-01

This article looks at multilingual, mother-tongue-based language policies influenced by colonial and postcolonial histories and globalization processes. We use multiscalar analysis to show these policies as creative responses to problems affected by national and international forces. Our study focuses on Timor-Leste, specifically a pilot…

Lannea microcarpa ENGL. ET K. KRAUSE AU NORD DU TOGO

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A. AGBOGAN12*, D. BAMMITE2, K. WALA1, R. BELLEFONTAINE3, M. DOURMA1, S. AKPAVI1,. Y. A. WOEGAN1, K. TOZO12, K. AKPAGANA1. 1 Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé. BP 1515 Lomé, Togo. 2 Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biotechnologie Végétales, ...

Prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers and their clients in Togo in 2011

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Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background During the last ten years, a resurgence of syphilis has occurred in many countries worldwide, including Togo. Previous studies have shown a wide range of syphilis infection among the female sex workers (FSWs, from 1.5 to 42.1%. In Togo, Key populations, including FSWs, are rarely involved in the sentinel surveillance programs to determine the prevalence of HIV and syphilis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers (FSWs and their clients in Togo. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2011 targeting FSWs and their clients in Togo. Among participant who consented, we collected blood samples for syphilis and HIV testing. Results In total, 1,836 participants (1,106 FSWs and 730 clients were included in the survey. Their mean age was 28.6 ± 9 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 2.2% (2.2% among FSWs compare to 2.3% among their clients, p = 0.82. This prevalence was higher among FSWs over 30 years old compare to those less than 30 years old (Odd Ratio (OR =5.03; 95% CI [1.95-13.49]. Single FSWs were three times less likely to have syphilis than those living in couple or married (OR = 3.11; CI 95% [1.16-8.83]. Brothel based or declared FSWs were 4 times more likely to be infected by syphilis than secret ones (OR = 3.89; CI 95% [1.60-9.54]. Out of the 1,836 participants of the survey, 165 (8.9% were HIV positive. Having syphilis was associated with HIV infection (OR = 3.41; IC 95% [1.53-7.41]. Conclusion This study showed that: i the prevalence of syphilis among FSWs and their clients was high; ii syphilis was significantly associated with HIV infection. It is necessary to increase awareness campaigns and emphasize on condom use among this key population group.

Prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers and their clients in Togo in 2011.

Science.gov (United States)

Halatoko, Wemboo Afiwa; Landoh, Dadja Essoya; Saka, Bayaki; Akolly, Koffi; Layibo, Yao; Yaya, Issifou; Gbetoglo, Dodji; Banla, Abiba Kere; Pitché, Palokinam

2017-02-21

During the last ten years, a resurgence of syphilis has occurred in many countries worldwide, including Togo. Previous studies have shown a wide range of syphilis infection among the female sex workers (FSWs), from 1.5 to 42.1%. In Togo, Key populations, including FSWs, are rarely involved in the sentinel surveillance programs to determine the prevalence of HIV and syphilis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of syphilis among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in Togo. We conducted a cross-sectional study in December 2011 targeting FSWs and their clients in Togo. Among participant who consented, we collected blood samples for syphilis and HIV testing. In total, 1,836 participants (1,106 FSWs and 730 clients) were included in the survey. Their mean age was 28.6 ± 9 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 2.2% (2.2% among FSWs compare to 2.3% among their clients, p = 0.82). This prevalence was higher among FSWs over 30 years old compare to those less than 30 years old (Odd Ratio (OR) =5.03; 95% CI [1.95-13.49]). Single FSWs were three times less likely to have syphilis than those living in couple or married (OR = 3.11; CI 95% [1.16-8.83]). Brothel based or declared FSWs were 4 times more likely to be infected by syphilis than secret ones (OR = 3.89; CI 95% [1.60-9.54]). Out of the 1,836 participants of the survey, 165 (8.9%) were HIV positive. Having syphilis was associated with HIV infection (OR = 3.41; IC 95% [1.53-7.41]). This study showed that: i) the prevalence of syphilis among FSWs and their clients was high; ii) syphilis was significantly associated with HIV infection. It is necessary to increase awareness campaigns and emphasize on condom use among this key population group.

KETERKAITAN PERSEPSI DAN PERILAKU PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN RUSA TIMOR DI TAMAN SATWA CIKEMBULAN GARUT

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Anggita Puspitasari

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Rusa deer management in Taman Satwa Cikembulan (TSC as one of the conservation institution needs to consider animal welfare, perceiption, and behavior of visitors, order to optimize the function of Rusa deer as an exhibition wildlife. The data were collected on March to April 2014 in TSC, Garut, gains by interview and questionnaire. This research shown that animal welfare implementation of Timor deer in TSC rank into sufficient. Health management wasn’t yet optimal and it influence pain and injury aspect has become the lowest value. Visitors behavior wasn’t relate significantly with animal welfare assesment, nevertheless if animal welfare emendation done by manager, it will increase visitors anxiety of Timor deer. Animal welfare emendetaion, management of visitors, additional utilities and infrastructures are some manegement which can minimize the annoying behaviors by visitors in TSC. Keyword : animal welfare, behavior, perception, Rusa deer

Enquête sur la consommation, la répartition et l'élevage des escargots géants au Togo

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Kuevi-Akue, K.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Investigations on Consumption, Distribution and Breeding of Giants Snails in Togo. A subcontracting convention has been signed between the "Programme National Petit Elevage" and the "Institut National Zootechnique et Vétérinaire " which permitted us to investigate African giant snail consumption, distribution and breeding in Togo. Investigations have lasted six months and were realised in "Régions maritime et des plateaux" both in South Togo. A questionnaire was used to obtain data. Hundred fifty questionnaires were given to sellers during market days, but only fourteen to breeders. The methodology used was based on rapid rural appraisal and direct interrogation. From this investigation we distinguish four species of giant snails (Archachatina archachatina, Archachatina degneri, Achatina achatina, Achatina fulica. For the consumtion about 80% of the samples (sellers and breeders confirmed that there is no difference in taste between species. Our estimation of giant snails gathered per year is about 30 tons and 80% of the sellers said that they got profit from this activity. For the constraints of giant snails breeding we notice lack of extension, high level of mortalities of young snails, red ant problem and lack of training and information. Giant snail breeding in Togo will be developed if solutions are found to the constraints.

Movie collection - TogoTV | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available switchLanguage; BLAST Search Image Search Home About Archive Update History Data ...ols. Data file File name: movie File URL: ftp://ftp.biosciencedbc.jp/archive/togotv/movie/ File size: 200 GB...ata entries 1169 entries - About This Database Database Description Download License Update History of This Database Site Policy | Contact Us Movie collection - TogoTV | LSDB Archive ...

The Vitality of Kabiye in Togo Zur Überlebensfähigkeit des Kabiye in Togo

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Komlan Essowe Essizewa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available In Togo, speakers of Kabiye have been in contact with the speak¬ers of Ewe for several decades due to migration. As a result of this language contact, many members of the Kabiye speech community have become bilingual in Kabiye and Ewe. There have been a number of claims that Kabiye “est une langue en péril” (Aritiba 1993: 11. These claims have been based mainly on the observation of Kabiye speakers in Lomé and other major cities, where younger speakers seem to be losing their mother tongue to the benefit of Ewe. However, the extent of the loss of Kabiye is not well known because no extensive sociolinguistic study has been carried out among Kabiye speakers in these areas, and more specifically, in major Kabiye-speaking areas. The current study which has been carried out in Kara, the major Kabiye-speaking city and Awidina, a Kabiye village of the prefecture of Kara, fills the gap. The paper examines Kabiye speakers’ reports of patterns of language use in these areas of the Kabiye community. Seit einigen Jahrzehnten leben Kabiye-sprachige Migranten in Togo in Kontakt mit der Ewe-sprachigen Bevölkerung. Im Ergebnis dieses Sprachkontakts sind viele Angehörige der Kabiye-Sprachgemeinde bilingual und kombinieren Kabiye und Ewe. Kabiye wird inzwischen vielfach als sterbende Sprache angesehen. Diese Einschätzungen beruhen aber vor allem auf der Beobachtung von Kabiye-Sprachigen in Lomé und anderen großen Städten, wo die jungen Leute nach und nach ihre Muttersprache zugunsten von Ewe aufgeben. Dennoch ist über das Ausmaß des Verschwindens von Kabiye wenig bekannt, denn bislang gibt es keine extensive Studie unter Kabiye-Sprachigen in diesen Gebieten, insbesondere aber auch keine für Regionen, in denen Kabiye die wichtigste Sprache darstellt. Die vorliegende Studie, die in Kara, der wichtigsten Kabiye-sprachigen Stadt, und in Awidina, einem Kabiye-Dorf in der Präfektur Kara, durchgeführt wurde, will diese Lücke schließen. Der Autor

Transformative Teachers or Teachers to Be Transformed? The Cases of Bolivia and Timor-Leste

Science.gov (United States)

Shah, Ritesh; Lopes Cardozo, Mieke T. A.

2016-01-01

Applying the Strategic Relational Approach, this paper analyses the circumstances behind and educators' strategies in response to education reforms in two nation-states undergoing socio-political transformation--Bolivia and Timor-Leste. Despite the starkly different histories and contemporary context of each nation, we suggest that transformation…

Consentement à payer les biopesticides: une enquête auprès des maraîchers du littoral au sud-Togo

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Yovo, K.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Willingness to Pay for Biopesticides: A Survey of Vegetables Producers in the South Coast of Togo. The actual study assessed the willingness to pay for biopesticides by vegetables producers in coastal Togo as more sustainable alternatives than chemical pesticides. Through contingent valuation, it appeared that for purchasing biopesticides, producers are willing to pay a premium of 18-20% base on the price of Decis, the chemical pesticides among the most expensive and the most used in coastal vegetable production in Togo. The Tobit model revealed that among factors affecting vegetables producers' decision making process, information and the farm size play a crucial role. Given the low level of the premium that vegetables producers are willing to pay and the current characteristics of the farm, the introduction of biopesticides within their cropping system, could lead to mitigated success in the absence of an appropriate incentive framework.

[Situation and perspectives of blood transfusion in Togo].

Science.gov (United States)

Ségbéna, A Y; Fétéké, L; Bikandou, B; Awitala, E J; Koura, A G

2009-01-01

We report the successive stages of the reorganization of the blood transfusion sector in Togo. The starting point was the elaboration of the national policy of blood transfusion, then the adoption of a decree organizing the sector as well the various decree of application, particularly that related to transfusion good practices. The current policy recommends two poles of qualification of the blood ant its components and the creation of six stations of collection and distribution attached to these poles. The reorganization started with the rehabilitation of the National Blood Transfusion Centre (CNTS) in Lomé. If the problem of human resources is alarming, especially the availability of hemobiologists, the rehabilitation allowed the increase of the blood collection passing from 5272 donations in December 2003 to 18 164 in December 2008. However, the requirement of blood products is satisfied in 50% in all the country. In 2003, 24% of the blood products were rejected for positive viral markers against 8.37% in 2008 in relation with the improvement of blood safety. Efforts must be continued to reinforce it in the CNTS and to make a better selection of the donors at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (CRTS) de Sokodé. The analysis of the weak points of the sector (human resource insufficiency, shortage of the blood products, blood safety) made it possible to indicate solutions to improve the sector of blood transfusion sector. Future outcome is funded in the blood transfusion safety development project in Togo financed by the Agence française de développement (AFD, French development agency).

Lèpre au Togo: étude rétrospective de 2630 cas sur 15 ans [Leprosy in Togo: retrospective study of 2630 cases over 15 years

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Koussake Kombate

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the evolutionary trends, the clinical forms of leprosy cases notified in Togo and to map them. Methods: This was a retrospective study from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2014 on all leprosy cases notified by all districts to the national leprosy control program (PNLL. Results: A total of 2,630 new cases of leprosy were notified. The mean annual incidence was 175.33 cases with extremes of 73 to 266 cases. The median age of patients was 40 years, and the sex ratio was 1.13. Children aged 0 to 15 accounted for 5.5% of the cases. The plateau region in the center of the country had the highest annual incidence (around 800 cases. Clinically, multibacillary forms accounted for 74.2% of cases. All patients were treated with multidrug therapy (MDT. The WHO grade 2 disease was found in 15% of patients and 9.5% were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Our results confirm the elimination of leprosy in Togo. There is a high incidence of leprosy in some areas of the country, which may raise fears of a resurgence of the disease RÉSUMÉ Objectif: Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les tendances et les formes cliniques de lèpre notifiées au Togo. Méthode: Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective du 1er janvier 2000 au 31 décembre 2014 portant sur les cas de lèpre notifiés par l’ensemble des districts sanitaires au programme national de lutte contre la lèpre (PNLL. Résultats: Au total, 2630 nouveaux cas de lèpre avaient été notifiés. L’incidence annuelle moyenne était de 175,33 cas avec des extrêmes de 73 à 266 cas. L’âge médian des patients était de 40 ans, et le sex-ratio de 1,13. Les enfants âgés de 0 à 15 ans représentaient 5,5% des cas. La région des plateaux dans le centre du pays cumulait l’incidence annuelle le plus élevé (environs 800 cas. Sur le plan clinique, les formes multibacillaires représentaient 74,2% des cas. Tous les patients étaient traités par

First Complete Genome Sequence of Suakwa aphid-borne yellows virus from East Timor

Science.gov (United States)

Maina, Solomon; Edwards, Owain R.; de Almeida, Luis; Ximenes, Abel

2016-01-01

We present here the first complete genomic RNA sequence of the polerovirus Suakwa aphid-borne yellows virus (SABYV), from East Timor. The isolate sequenced came from a virus-infected pumpkin plant. The East Timorese genome had a nucleotide identity of 86.5% with the only other SABYV genome available, which is from Taiwan. PMID:27469955

Ewe (for Togo): Communication and Culture Handbook. Peace Corps Language Handbook Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Kozelka, Paul R.

This handbook, concerning the Ewe language and culture of Togo, presents classroom activities that require the learner to exchange messages in a way that is appropriate to the cultural context. These activities are presented in 30 lessons containing both basic and supplementary material that deal with situations and topics which will be useful to…

Caractérisation de deux effluents industriels au Togo :étude d'impact ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Characterization of two industrial effluents in Togo : environment impact study. Environment pollution due to two industrial effluents has been investigated. Results how that effluent derive from the factory of the treatment of Kpémé posphate ore was loaded with settling suspended matter (> 90 % of total suspended solids).

Les obstacles a l'action des ong Au Togo | Gbemouk | Journal de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mots clés : Action, autonomie, dynamique, Obstacle, ONG, participation. Hurdles to the NGOs' activities in Togo. NGOs play a key role - by the government's side - in the fight against poverty. In many areas, they are working towards the improved living conditions of local populations. But their effort encounters many ...

PENGARUH FREKUENSI SIKLON TROPIS TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI TIMOR-LESTE

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Fernandes Flaviana Pinto

2015-02-01

Full Text Available This study aims to determine the impact of tropical cyclone frequency to the rainfall in Timor-Leste using monthly data for 30 years. The rainfall data obtained from tropical rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM satellite and Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC. Daily rainfall In Situ data obtained from Direcção Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica (DNMG. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA and Bureau of Meteorology Australia (BOM provided for tropical cyclone data. The impact of tropical cyclone to the rainfall can be observed from the seasonal pattern of DJF, MAM, JJA and SON. The highest and the lowest correlation seasonal pattern of MAM and DJF are about r = 0.99 and r = -0.97, respectively. Correlation in the seasonal pattern of JJA and SON are about r = 0.0, it because no cyclone in this season. If we observed the daily condition between tropical cyclone frequency to rainfall, the highest correlation occurred in March 2004 and April 2011 with the resulting correlation are about r = 0.73 and r = 0.79, respectively. This is an overall correlation a week before, after and during cyclone. For along 30 years, we found the correlation in 2000 and 2006 is about r = 0.41. So that, the value of correlation coefficient obtained from 1983 to 2012 is about r = 0.19, there is not a significant impact to the rainfall when tropical cyclone doesn’t occur in Timor-Leste. Keywords: Tropical Cyclone Frequency, Rainfall, Anomaly, Correlation

Botanical Composition, Grass Production, and Carrying Capacity of Pasture in Timor Tengah Selatan District

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V. E. Se’u

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to analyze the botanical composition, grass production, carrying capacity, and potential production of nutrients in pasture located in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. The experiment was conducted from February to July 2013, using field survey method. The botanical composition, grass production and carrying capacity on real condition were analyzed descriptively, while the grass production and carrying capacity based of cutting arrangement were analyzed by using randomized block factorial design with 3 altitude locations (Sub District of Mollo Utara with altitude of 1007 m above sea level; Sub District of Noebeba, 500 m ASL, and Sub District of Amanuban Selatan, 65 m ASL x 2 cutting intervals (1 and 2 month and 5 replications. The results showed that the grass type dominated the pasture in the Sub District of Mollo Utara, while legum type was more dominant in the pasture in the Sub Districts of Noebeba and Amanuban Selatan. The potential production of dry matter grass in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency based on real condition was 150 to 390 kg/ha/yr, this could accommodate 0.24 to 0.63 AU/ha/yr. The arrangement of cutting interval by 1 month in Mollo Utara and 2 months in Noebeba and Amanuban Selatan could increase (P<0.05 grass production and carrying capacity. The potential productions of grass nutrients were higher in Sub District of Mollo Utara, while potential production of grass dry matter was higher in Sub Districts of Noebeba and Amanuban Selatan. It was concluded that grass dry matter potential production and carrying capacity in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency were low. The arrangement of cutting interval could increase grass dry matter potential production, carrying capacity, nutrition production, and quality of nutrition.

Hamatak halirin: The cosmological and socio-ecological roles of water in Koba Lima, Timor

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Balthasar Kehi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The cosmological and socio-ecological roles of water, in particular spring water, have not been the subject of sustained analysis in the anthropological literatures of the eastern archipelago. Taking as our starting point the central role of water in the origin narratives and ritual practices of Koba Lima, a coalition of five ancient kingdoms located across the division of East Timor and Indonesian West Timor, we explore the profound cosmological meanings and many layered understandings of life and death associated with water. We argue that in this nuanced socio-ecological world, water is the blood and milk of the mother transformed into life itself through father fire. It is through these transformative capacities connected to water that the boundaries separating the visible and invisible worlds can be permeated, enabling the living access to matak malirin or good health and productive life force. The paper is both a contribution to the literature on archipelagic socio-cosmic dualisms and a unique ethnography which presents new material on the significance of water in this region.

State of the fight against informal market of medicines in Togo: approaches and limitations.

Science.gov (United States)

Gnassingbe, A; Flahault, A; Geissbuhler, A; Sprumont, D; Awesso, A

2018-02-01

The extent of medicines sales and consumption in the informal market in Togo raises many ethical and public health issues. In order to report on the situation of public action in the fight against this practice, we conducted a qualitative survey from 15 to 25 February 2016 in the commune of Lomé and in the Maritime Region among the actors of control system and resource people in the general population. This was supplemented by an analysis of Togo's pharmaceutical and health policy documents and a literature review on the illicit drug market issues relating to public health, political science, the social sciences applied to health. In spite of the existence of national and international tools, household poverty, cultural self-medication, ignorance of the population concerning the health risks of informal market medicines, weak political commitment, weakness regulation and enforcement, corruption, constitute obstacles to the success of actions to combat this practice.

Surgical capacity building in Timor-Leste: a review of the first 15 years of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons-led Australian Aid programme.

Science.gov (United States)

Guest, Glenn D; Scott, David F; Xavier, Joao P; Martins, Nelson; Vreede, Eric; Chennal, Antony; Moss, Daliah; Watters, David A

2017-06-01

Timor-Leste suffered a destructive withdrawal by the Indonesian military in 1999, leaving only 20 Timorese-based doctors and no practising specialists for a population of 700 000 that has now grown to 1.2 million. This article assesses the outcomes and impact of Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) specialist medical support from 2001 to 2015. Three programmes were designed collaboratively with the Timor-Leste Ministry of Health and Australian Aid. The RACS team began to provide 24/7 resident surgical and anaesthesia services in the capital, Dili, from July 2001. The arrival of the Chinese and Cuban Medical Teams provided a medical workforce, and the Cubans initiated undergraduate medical training for about 1000 nationals both in Cuba and in Timor-Leste, whilst RACS focused on specialist medical training. Australian Aid provided AUD$20 million through three continuous programmes over 15 years. In the first 10 years over 10 000 operations were performed. Initially only 10% of operations were done by trainees but this reached 77% by 2010. Twenty-one nurse anaesthetists were trained in-country, sufficient to cover the needs of each hospital. Seven Timorese doctors gained specialist qualifications (five surgery, one ophthalmology and one anaesthesia) from regional medical schools in Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Indonesia and Malaysia. They introduced local specialist and family medicine diploma programmes for the Cuban graduates. Timor-Leste has developed increasing levels of surgical and anaesthetic self-sufficiency through multi-level collaboration between the Ministry of Health, Universidade Nacional de Timor Lorosa'e, and sustained, consistent support from external donors including Australian Aid, Cuba and RACS. © 2016 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

Building states without building nations: understanding urban citizenship in Dili, Timor Leste

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Valenti, Alex

2014-03-01

Full Text Available State and nation building, although often used interchangeably in international relations policy and literature, are in fact two distinct, although closely intertwined, processes: the (recons-truction of a state cannot be reduced to a technical exercise, that is, state building; rather, it needs to focus just as significantly on the (reconstruction of the country’s social fabric in order to develop the sense of citizenship upon which its sovereignty and legitimacy rest, that is, nation building. This research note introduces urban spaces as interesting contexts to explore the relationship between state and nation building, arguing that their diversity is both a challenge and an opportunity for the state to create a sense of citizenship amongst its population. The case of Dili, the capital of Timor Leste, where a violent past and rapid urbanisation have combined to shape extremely diverse social, political and economic urban spaces, is used here to explore how the population of three case study areas perceives the impact of state policies and to question how these perceptions influence the scales at which people build their identity as well as how these scales affect the construction of local, urban or national citizenship in Timor Leste.

Coral reef fish biomass and benthic cover data from Timor-Leste in June 2013 (NCEI Accession 0165354)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Coral reef fish and benthos were surveyed at 150 shallow-water coral reef sites across the north coast of Timor-Leste and around Atauro Island in June 2013 during a...

Education in Timor-Leste: Envisioning the Future

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Robin Burns

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Timor-Leste is a small state that finally achieved independence in 2002. It has had to re-build an entire education system from a small base largely destroyed in the independence struggle. This paper presents the issues identified in pre-independence meetings, and considers these within the framework of transition and transformation problems for a small island with a diverse population and a long history of colonisation, using Namibia as an apt example. Fifteen years later, teacher preparation both pre- and in-service is identified as a major issue in achieving educational and social goals, with language training a key factor. Enrolments have improved and gender equity is close to parity, but urban-rural differences remain. Late enrolments, drop-outs especially in the early years, and repetition are major hurdles in achieving an educated, knowledgeable and qualified population.

Spatial Modeling Of Infant Mortality Rate In South Central Timor Regency Using GWLR Method With Adaptive Bisquare Kernel And Gaussian Kernel

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Teguh Prawono Sabat

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR was regression model consider the spatial factor, which could be used to analyze the IMR. The number of Infant Mortality as big as 100 cases in 2015 or 12 per 1000 live birth in South Central Timor Regency. The aim of this study was to determine the best modeling of GWLR with fixed weighting function and Adaptive Gaussian Kernel in the case of infant mortality in South Central Timor District in 2015. The response variable (Y in this study was a case of infant mortality, while variable predictor was the percentage of neonatal first visit (KN1 (X1, the percentage of neonatal visit 3 times (Complete KN (X2, the percentage of pregnant get Fe tablet (X3, percentage of poor families pre prosperous (X4. This was a non-reactive study, which is a measurement which individuals surveyed did not realize that they are part of a study, with analysis unit in 32 sub-districts of South Central Timor Districts. Data analysis used open source program that was Excel, R program, Quantum GIS and GWR4. The best GWLR spatial modeling with Adaptive Gaussian Kernel weighting function, a global model parameters GWLR Adaptive Gaussian Kernel weighting function obtained by g (x = 0.941086 - 0,892506X4, GWLR local models with adaptive Kernel bisquare weighting function in the 13 Districts were obtained g(x = 0 − 0X4, factors that affect the cases of infant mortality in 13 sub-districts of South Central Timor Regency in 2015 was the percentage of poor families pre prosperous.

Use of medicines and adherence to standard treatment guidelines in rural community health centers, Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Higuchi, Michiyo; Okumura, Junko; Aoyama, Atsuko; Suryawati, Sri; Porter, John

2015-03-01

The use of medicines and nurses'/midwives' adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STGs) were examined in Timor-Leste during the early stage of the nation's new health system development. A cross-sectional study was conducted as the quantitative element of mixed methods research. Retrospective samples from patient registration books and prospective observations were obtained in 20 randomly selected rural community health centers. The medicines use indicators, in particular the level of injection use, in Timor-Leste did not suggest overprescription. Prescribers with clinical nurse training prescribed significantly fewer antibiotics than those without such training (P < .01). The adjusted odds ratio of prescribing adherence for clinical nurse training, after accounting for confounders and prescriber clustering, was 6.6 (P < .01). STGs for nonphysician health professionals at the primary health care level have potential value in basic health care delivery, including appropriate use of medicines, in resource-limited communities when strategically developed and introduced. © 2012 APJPH.

Demographic and spatial predictors of anemia in women of reproductive age in Timor-Leste: implications for health program prioritization.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew A Lover

Full Text Available Anemia is a significant risk factor for poor health outcomes for both the mother and neonate; however, the determinants of anemia in many epidemiological settings are poorly understood. Using a subset of a nationally representative cluster survey (2010 Demographic and Health Survey in combination with other non-contemporaneous survey data, the epidemiology of anemia among women of reproductive age in Timor-Leste has been explored. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors, population-level impacts were estimated as population attributable fractions and spatial analytics were used to identify regions of highest risk. The DHS survey found that ∼ 21% of adult women in Timor-Leste are anemic (49,053; 95% CI: 37,095 to 61,035, with hemoglobin <12.0 g/dL. In this population, the main risk factors (adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI are: currently abstaining from sex for any reason (2.25; 1.50 to 3.38; illiteracy (2.04; 1.49 to 2.80; giving birth within the previous year (1.80; 1.29 to 2.51; consumption of fruits/vegetables low in vitamin A (1.57; 1.13 to 2.20; and the district-level confirmed malaria incidence (1.31; 1.15 to 1.49. A review of prior soil-transmitted helminth surveys in Timor-Leste indicates low-to-moderate prevalence with generally low egg counts, suggesting a limited impact on anemia in this setting, although comprehensive survey data are lacking. Examination of the population-level effects highlights the impacts of both recent births and malaria on anemia, with more limited impacts from diet; the evidence does not suggest a large contribution from geohelminths within Timor-Leste. These patterns are divergent from some other settings in the Asia-Pacific region and highlight the need for further focused research. Targeting high-burden districts and by increasing access to pre/postnatal care, raising literacy levels, increasing access to family planning, and improving malaria control should be prioritized to maximize inherently

An estimation of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy in adults in Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Dawkins, Rosie Claire Hewitt; Oliver, Genevieve Frances; Sharma, Manoj; Pinto, Basilio Martins; Jeronimo, Belmerio; Pereira, Bernadete; Magno, Julia; Motta, Lara Alexandra; Verma, Nitin; Shephard, Mark

2015-06-18

Once considered an affliction of people in high-income countries, diabetes mellitus is increasingly seen as a global epidemic. However, for many countries very little is known about the prevalence of diabetes and its complications. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy, in adults in Timor-Leste. From March 2013 to May 2014, adult patients being assessed for cataract surgery at the Sentru Matan Nasional (National Eye Centre) in Dili, Timor-Leste had a point-of-care HbA1c measurement performed on the DCA Vantage device (Siemens Ltd) under a quality framework. A diagnostic cut-off of 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) HbA1c was used for diagnosis of diabetes. Ocular examination, blood pressure, demographic and general health data were also collected. Diabetic retinopathy assessment was carried out by ophthalmologists. A total of 283 people [mean age 63.6 years (range 20-90 years)] were tested and examined during the study period. Forty-three people (15.2%) were found to have diabetes, with a mean HbA1c of 9.5% (77 mmol/mol). Of these, 27 (62.9%) were newly diagnosed, with a mean HbA1c of 9.7% (83 mmol/mol) and a range of 6.6-14% (49-130 mmol/mol). Nearly half (48.1%) of people newly diagnosed with diabetes had an HbA1c over 10.0% (86 mmol/mol). Of those with known diabetes, only 68.8% were receiving any treatment. Mean HbA1c for treated patients was 9.9% (85 mmol/mol). Diabetic retinopathy was identified in 18.6% of people with diabetes, of whom half had no previous diagnosis of diabetes. This study estimates the prevalence of diabetes at 15% in adults in Timor-Leste, a substantial proportion of whom have evidence of diabetic retinopathy. This is consistent with regional estimates. With the majority of patients undiagnosed, and management of people known to have diabetes largely inadequate, point-of-care testing is a valuable tool to assist with diabetes case detection and management. Whilst only a preliminary estimate, our data provides

Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of Papua-New Guinea, Eastern Indonesia, and East Timor, 2011

Science.gov (United States)

Schenk, Christopher J.; Brownfield, Michael E.; Charpentier, Ronald R.; Cook, Troy A.; Klett, Timothy R.; Pitman, Janet K.; Pollastro, Richard M.

2012-01-01

Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated means of 5.8 billion barrels of oil and 115 trillion cubic feet of undiscovered natural gas in five geologic provinces in the areas of Papua New Guinea, eastern Indonesia, and East Timor.

K-cycling under maize cultivation in Togo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fardeau, J.C. [CEA Centre d`Etudes de Cadarache, 13 - Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France). Dept. de Physiologie Vegetale et Ecosystemes; Poss, R. [Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique d`Outre-Mer (ORSTOM), 93 - Bondy (France); Saragoni, H. [CIRAD, 34 - Montpellier (France)

1994-12-31

The losses of K by leaching below the root zone were almost compensated by rainfall inputs. The main output of K under traditional management was the removal of crop residues. The soil fixes and releases K, probably on the small quantity of interstratified clay minerals. Fixation decreases the availability of K fertilizer by about 15%. Release can explain why crop yields are poorly correlated to exchangeable K in depleted soil. The occurrence of interstratified clay minerals in tropical soils suggests that K fixation and release could be widespread. In the Ferralsols of Togo, K fertilization should compensate removals, with an additional 15% to balance fixation. The quantity of K required to ensure sustainability depends on the fate of residues. The present system of residue removal without fertilization is leading to a drastic reduction of soil K. (authors). 4 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

Fossil manganese nodules from Timor: geochemical and radiochemical evidence for deep-sea origin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Margolis, S.V.; Fein, C.D.; Glasby, G.P.; Audley-Charles, M.G.

1978-01-01

Fossil Mn nodules of Cretaceous age from western Timor exhibit chemical, structural and radioisotope compositions consistent with their being of deep-sea origin. These nodules show characteristics similar to nodules now found at depths of 3,500-5,000 m in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Slight differences in the fine structure and chemistry of these nodules and modern deep-sea nodules are attributed to diagenetic alteration after uplift of enclosing sediments

Assessment of equity in healthcare financing in Fiji and Timor-Leste: a study protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Asante, Augustine D; Price, Jennifer; Hayen, Andrew; Irava, Wayne; Martins, Joao; Guinness, Lorna; Ataguba, John E; Limwattananon, Supon; Mills, Anne; Jan, Stephen; Wiseman, Virginia

2014-12-02

Equitable health financing remains a key health policy objective worldwide. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is evidence that many people are unable to access the health services they need due to financial and other barriers. There are growing calls for fairer health financing systems that will protect people from catastrophic and impoverishing health payments in times of illness. This study aims to assess equity in healthcare financing in Fiji and Timor-Leste in order to support government efforts to improve access to healthcare and move towards universal health coverage in the two countries. The study employs two standard measures of equity in health financing increasingly being applied in LMICs-benefit incidence analysis (BIA) and financing incidence analysis (FIA). In Fiji, we will use a combination of secondary and primary data including a Household Income and Expenditure Survey, National Health Accounts, and data from a cross-sectional household survey on healthcare utilisation. In Timor-Leste, the World Bank recently completed a health equity and financial protection analysis that incorporates BIA and FIA, and found that the distribution of benefits from healthcare financing is pro-rich. Building on this work, we will explore the factors that influence the pro-rich distribution. The study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of University of New South Wales, Australia (Approval number: HC13269); the Fiji National Health Research Committee (Approval # 201371); and the Timor-Leste Ministry of Health (Ref MS/UNSW/VI/218). Study outcomes will be disseminated through stakeholder meetings, targeted multidisciplinary seminars, peer-reviewed journal publications, policy briefs and the use of other web-based technologies including social media. A user-friendly toolkit on how to analyse healthcare financing equity will be developed for use by policymakers and development partners in the region. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group

Muslims in Mango (Northern Togo) : some aspects: writing and prayer : some notes on a film

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rouveroy van Nieuwaal, van E.A.B.; Rouveroy van Nieuwaal-Baerends, van E.A.

1986-01-01

The film 'Muslims in Mango', which was made during fieldwork among the Anufom in the period 1969-1971, gives an impression of how Islam manifests itself in northern Togo. It centres upon two aspects, writing and prayer. The present report deals briefly with the origins of the Anufom, literacy and

76 FR 54928 - Export Administration Regulations: Netherlands Antilles, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Timor-Leste

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-06

..., Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce at 202-482-2440 or by e-mail: Sharron.Cook... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security 15 CFR Parts 738, 740, 745, and 748 [Docket...[ccedil]ao, Sint Maarten and Timor-Leste AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security, Commerce. ACTION: Final...

Analysis of CDM experience in Morocco and lessons learnt for West African Economic and Monetary Union. Case study: Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo

OpenAIRE

Satoguina, Honorat

2006-01-01

This study assesses the CDM potential in Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo. Morocco has been used as an example, as it is quite advanced in developing an impressive CDM project portfolio. The study focuses not only on the absolute greenhouse gas abatement potential of these countries, but also assesses the comparative CDM endowment on the basis of an holistic analysis of each country, thereby highlighting the relative position of Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo in the global CDM market....

Timor-Leste’s Foreign Policy: Securing State Identity in the Post-Independence Period

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Selver B. Sahin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper examines some of the major ideational aspects of Timor-Leste’s foreign policy orientation in the post-independence period. Drawing upon the constructivist accounts of state behaviour, the paper situates Timorese leaders’ foreign policy decisions in the broader context of their search to position the fledging nation in the global political order. It argues that Timor-Leste’s insecure state identity has shaped its leaders’ foreign policy preferences in the post-independence period. This identity can be examined by separating it into two parts: the construction of spatial boundaries and the creation of a temporal “other”. The former is evidenced by the leadership’s rhetorical emphasis on the country’s Portuguese heritage and their prioritisation of ASEAN membership, both of which are closely related to the consolidation of the young nation’s political and cultural identity. The creation of a temporal other, as illustrated by the rise of political discourse emphasising sovereignty, reflects a wider transitional process that is embedded in the country’s transformation from colony to independent state under international supervision as well as the state’s transformation from “fragile” or “failing” to “stable”. A detailed analysis of the basic aspects of Timor-Leste’s insecurities as a constitutive element of its foreign policy becomes instrumental to understanding the country’s nation-state-building experience since its separation from Indonesia in 1999, as it enters a new phase of socio-political structuring following the withdrawal of the international security presence in 2012.

Malaria and mefloquine prophylaxis use among Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel deployed in East Timor.

Science.gov (United States)

Fujii, Tatsuya; Kaku, Koki; Jelinek, Tomas; Kimura, Mikio

2007-01-01

Malaria poses a significant threat to military personnel stationed in endemic areas; therefore, it is important to examine the risks of military operations, particularly in areas where malaria-related data are scarce. The recent deployment of Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) for a peacekeeping operation in East Timor provided an opportunity to investigate these risks. The results of these studies may be translated into chemoprophylactic strategies for travelers. A total of 1,876 members were deployed between April 2002 and September 2003. They consisted of three battalions; each remained for 6 months and was put on mefloquine prophylaxis. Malaria infection was investigated, including exposure to Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, assessed by seroconversion for anticircumsporozoite (anti-CS) protein antibodies. Adherence to and adverse events (AEs) of mefloquine were studied via questionnaires. Four members were evacuated: one each with optic neuritis, lung cancer with brain metastasis, IgA nephropathy, and psychotic reactions that may have been precipitated by mefloquine. Six clinical episodes of Plasmodium vivax occurred, including one relapse, but there were no clinical cases of P falciparum, yielding a crude malaria attack rate of 0.32% for the 6-month period. Overall, 3.1% of the study population seroconverted for the anti-CS protein antibodies, with some regional differences noted. About 24% of questionnaire respondents, reported AEs; however, none of the AEs was severe. The AEs tended to emerge during the initial doses of chemoprophylaxis. The implementation of mefloquine prophylaxis among JGSDF personnel in East Timor, where P falciparum constitutes a moderate risk, appears to have been a success. Mefloquine prophylaxis was generally safe for Japanese unless predisposed to neuropsychiatric illness. However, given that mefloquine is the only chemoprophylactic agent available, a risk-benefit analysis tailored to the traveler is required for visits to

Beberapa Catatan Tentang Bahasa Melayu Dili: Studi Awal Mengenai Bahasa Melayu Di Timor Timur

OpenAIRE

Fernandez, Inyo Yos

1994-01-01

Menurul Suparlan (1978:44), ada beragam ras di antara berbagai kelompok etnik yang mendiami Propinsi Timor Timur. Dapat disebutkan antara lain Papua Melenesoid, Veda Austrotoid, Kaukasoid, Mongoloid, dan Melayu. Keberadaan ras Melayu di antara berbagai ras tersebut adalah wajar mengingat penyebaran suku Melayu hampir meliputi seluruh pelosok tanah air, dan telah menjadi Kenyataan sejarah. Di berbagai daerah puak Melayu dan kebudayaannya berbaur dengan kehidupan budaya setempat, salah satu per...

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of different basil essential oils chemotypes from Togo

OpenAIRE

Koffi Koba; P.W. Poutouli; Christine Raynaud; Jean-Pierre Chaumont; Komla Sanda

2009-01-01

The aerial parts essential oils of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) from Togo were steam-distilled and investigated for their percentage composition (GC and GC/MS) and in vitro antimicrobial activities. Five oil chemotypes were identified and classified as follows in line with their principal components: estragole type; linalool/estragole type; methyleugenol type; methyleugenol/t-anethole type; t-anethole type. The in vitro microbiological experiments revealed that only the methyleugenol and meth...

License - Togo Picture Gallery | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available List Contact us Togo Picture Gallery License License to Use This Database Last updated : 2017/05/16 You may use this database...ecifies the license terms regarding the use of this database and the requirements you must follow in using this database.... The license for this database is specified in the Creative Commons ...Attribution 4.0 International . If you use data from this database, please be sure attribute this database a...e Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International is found here . With regard to this database

Childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in patients with a major depressive disorder: A comparative study between France and Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Kounou, Kossi B; Dogbe Foli, Ayoko A; Djassoa, G; Amétépé, Léonard K; Rieu, J; Mathur, A; Biyong, I; Schmitt, L

2015-10-01

Few studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment (CM) and personality disorders (PDs) in adulthood in two different cultural contexts, including sub-Saharan Africa. The aims of this study were to compare the frequency of CM between patients in treatment in France and Togo for a major depressive disorder (MDD), to explore the link between CM and PDs, and to examine the mediating effect of personality dimensions in the pathway from CM to PDs in 150 participants (75 in each country). The 28-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the International Personality Item Pool, and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) were used to assess CM, personality dimensions, and PDs respectively. Togolese participants reported sexual and physical abuse (PA) and emotional and physical neglect significantly more frequently than French participants. In Togo, severe PA was associated with schizoid, antisocial, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and negativist PDs whereas in France, PA was only linked to paranoid PD. In Togo, emotional instability partly mediated the relationship between CM and PDs while in France, no personality dimension appeared to mediate this link. Our results support the hypothesis that CM is more common in low-income countries and suggest that the links between CM and PDs are influenced by social environment. © The Author(s) 2015.

Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) in a health system: what are the roles, benefits and challenges: A case study of incorporated TBA in Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Ribeiro Sarmento, Decio

2014-01-01

One current strategy to overcome the issue of shortage of qualified health workers has focused on the use of community health workers in the developing countries to deliver health care services specifically to the most vulnerable communities in the rural areas. Timor-Leste is the one of the world's newest developing countries that has incorporated the traditional birth attendance in its health system through a family health promoter initiative in response to reproductive and child health, hence to improve primary health care delivery and increase number of healthcare workforce. The study utilized a non-systematic review of the literature using key words such as community health workers, traditional birth attendants, reproductive health, child health and health outcomes. A case study from Timor-Leste was also used. Traditional birth attendants have performed wide variety of tasks including outreach and case finding, health and patient education, referrals, home visits and care management. Evidence indicated that there were, to varying degrees, positive associations between traditional birth attendance training and maternity care. Traditional birth attendance training was found to be associated with significant increases in attributes such as knowledge, attitude, behavior, advice for antenatal care, and pregnancy outcomes. However, some challenges faced by traditional birth attendants' role in encouraging women to go to health center for preventive services would be the compliance and refusal of the referral. The implementation case study from Timor-Leste shows that integrating traditional birth attendance into a national healthcare system through Family Health Promoter program has been programmatic effective. It is recommended that the implementation should consider regular communication between health staff and community leaders in recruiting members of family health promoters, and the use of supportive supervision tools to identify weaknesses in the management of

Méthodes d'identification et de suivi d'un projet de développement intégré : étude de cas au Togo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Counet, M.

1990-01-01

Full Text Available Identification and follow-up methods used in an integrated development project in Togo : from theory to practice. The article treats the methodological aspects of the creation of a Vredeseilanden (Flemish N.G.O., "Islands of Peace" project through an example in Dapaong, northern Togo. The philosophy of Vredeseilanden and problematics of the region are presented in the introduction. Interventions were defined through an active participation of the target group during a so called active listening phase. This participatory approach is also used when evaluating project interventions.

License - TogoTV | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available List Contact us TogoTV License License to Use This Database Last updated : 2017/05/12 You may use this database...cense terms regarding the use of this database and the requirements you must follow in using this database. The license for this data...0 International . If you use data from this database, please be sure attribute this database as follows: Tog...on 4.0 International is found here . With regard to this database, you are licens...ed to: freely access part or whole of this database, and acquire data; freely redistribute part or whole of the data from this databa

A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Part 1. Management Practices and Incubation Conditions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tona, K.; Agbonon, A.; Eklu-Gadegbeku, K.; Teteh, A.; Simons, P.; Buyse, J.; Everaert, N.; Kemp, B.; Decuypere, E.; Gbeassor, M.

2014-01-01

In commercial poultry husbandry practice, the hatchery takes over the incubation of bird eggs in order to provide as many day-old chicks as needed at any time to farmers. The main bottleneck for poultry industry development in Togo is the lack of day-old chick supply. Indeed, there is no proficient

Les céphalées dans une population de travailleurs à Lomé-Togo ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Aims: To determine the prevalence of primary headaches in some workplaces in Lomé, and to assess the impact of headache on quality of life of workers. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from October 1st to November 31st, 2009 in 6 companies of the city of Lomé in Togo in which 213 ...

[Employment and education in the 2nd economic and social development plan of Togo].

Science.gov (United States)

Dovi-sodemekou, F B

1985-01-01

Togo is a developing country whose population is increasing at the rapid rate of 2.7%/year. Economic development is therefore a necessity to ensure at least an average standard of living. Plans of development include objectives of structural societal changes, including improvements in education and employment. This study analyzes the evolution of population activities. It identifies obstacles to the improvement of education and employment. The investigation examines the employment and education situation before adoption of the 2nd plan of Togo and predicts the probable evolution of the situation. Despite the priority accorded to agriculture, the 2nd plan appears to give greater importance to industry. The industrial and commercial sector has witnessed a 65.2% investment increase, whereas the rural sector had an investment increase of 11.8%. The 2nd plan, in view of its relation to the evolution of economic activities, took into account the demand for manual labor. In the private sector, industries should occupy an important position. The dualism of a modern and a traditional sector is considered a cause of underdevelopment. The modern sector should be developed in order to suppress the traditional sector and allow progress in society. As a result of this approach, agriculture is given a 2ndary role.

"I go I die, I stay I die, better to stay and die in my house": understanding the barriers to accessing health care in Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Price, Jennifer A; Soares, Ana I F Sousa; Asante, Augustine D; Martins, Joao S; Williams, Kate; Wiseman, Virginia L

2016-09-30

Despite public health care being free at the point of delivery in Timor-Leste, wealthier patients access hospital care at nearly twice the rate of poorer patients. This study seeks to understand the barriers driving inequitable utilisation of hospital services in Timor-Leste from the perspective of community members and health care managers. This multisite qualitative study in Timor-Leste conducted gender segregated focus groups (n = 8) in eight districts, with 59 adults in urban and rural settings, and in-depth interviews (n = 8) with the Director of community health centres. Communication was in the local language, Tetum, using a pre-tested interview schedule. Approval was obtained from community and national stakeholders, with written consent from participants. Lack of patient transport is the critical cross-cutting issue preventing access to hospital care. Without it, many communities resort to carrying patients by porters or on horseback, walking or paying for (unaffordable) private arrangements to reach hospital, or opt for home-based care. Other significant out-of-pocket expenses for hospital visits were blood supplies from private suppliers; accommodation and food for the patient and family members; and repatriation of the deceased. Entrenched nepotism and hospital staff denigrating patients' hygiene and personal circumstances were also widely reported. Consequently, some respondents asserted they would never return to hospital, others delayed seeking treatment or interrupted their treatment to return home. Most considered traditional medicine provided an affordable, accessible and acceptable substitute to hospital care. Obtaining a referral for higher level care was not a significant barrier to gaining access to hospital care. Onerous physical, financial and socio-cultural barriers are preventing or discouraging people from accessing hospital care in Timor-Leste. Improving access to quality primary health care at the frontline is a key strategy for

O ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura nos primeiros anos da escolaridade em Timor-Leste The teaching and the learning of reading in the first years of schooling in East Timor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aicha Binte Umar Bassarewan

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Timor-Leste é um novo país do terceiro milênio. Enquanto nação com uma sociedade de tradição oral, e, em sua maioria, ágrafa, enfrenta muitos desafios nesta era de globalização. Tendo em consideração a importância da leitura para a vida do ser humano, o ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura das crianças timorenses devem ser trabalhados desde os primeiros anos de escolaridade, levando em conta a realidade linguística e sociocultural do país. Com um estudo de caso na Escola Pública n° 1 Nularan, em Díli, Timor-Leste, sobre o ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura, nos primeiros três anos de escolaridade, pôde-se verificar que tanto as orientações do programa curricular como os livros de referência aplicados pela escola no trabalho com os alunos não promovem o desenvolvimento da leitura reflexiva nem estimulam situações em que a criança possa expor suas ideias ou comunicar-se tendo o texto para uma discussão coletiva. Dessa forma, sugere-se o acompanhamento e a avaliação constantes do processo de ensino e aprendizagem da leitura nas escolas primárias e do investimento tanto na formação dos recursos humanos quanto na melhoria de materiais didáticos e na infraestrutura das escolas. É de notar que não basta constar na Constituição e nas leis; o importante é a ação das entidades competentes na concretização do ensino de qualidade ao timorense como sujeito ativo nas invenções e nos saberes para que tenha acesso a uma vida melhor para si e para a comunidade da qual faz parte.East Timor is a new country of the Third Millennium. As a nation with a largely illiterate society of strong oral traditions, it faces many challenges in an era of globalization. Considering the importance of reading to human life, its teaching and learning must be developed from the first years of schooling of East Timorean children, taking into account the socio-cultural and linguistic reality of the country. A case study at Nularan Public

The Relationship Between Education, Job, and Family Income with TB Medication Dropouts in Timor-Leste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valente Da Silva

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Background:  TB treatment dropout is one causes of treatment failure, which could increase drug resistant cases. Drug resistant cases of TB were reported by the Ministry of Health of East Timor in 2008 (3 cases, 2009 (3 cases, and in 2010 (6 cases. With drug resistant emerging, TB will require longer treatment time. According to the WHO report (2013 the results of pulmonary tuberculosis BTA (+ treatment were reported: Year 2010 the number of failure of treatment was (0.53%; Died of TB (3.53%; Drop out of treatment (4.05%; Outmigration (3.98%; In 2011 cases of treatment failure (0.50% Died of TB (3.36%; Drop out of treatment (3.36%; Outmigration (1.92%; In 2012 cases of treatment failure (1.03%; Died of TB (3.49% Drop out of treatment (4.59% and migration, (2.26%. According to the National Statistics Directorate (NSD in 2011, that the East Timorese people still live mostly 70.4% in the rural areas. While access to health services remains a challenge, since the people of Timor Leste proclaimed the restoration of its independence. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between the variables of education, family income, and job with cases of TB medication discontinuation. Methods: This study was conducted using descriptive correlation method. The sample was determined by Ridwan & Akdon (2010 formula. The total of samples was 100 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and selected randomly. This research was conducted in District Manatuto and Liquica Timor-Leste on March 28, 2015. Results: The correlation test showed a strong positive relationship level if r = 0.51 until +1. Analysis of significance value of r xy = 0.671 and p = 0.000 indicates that there is a significant relationship between the variables of education, job and income with variable discontinuation of treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of research and data analysis, it can be concluded that the results of this study are as

The PKI in West Timor and Nusa Tenggara Timur 1965 and beyond

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steven Farram

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the aftermath in West Timor and elsewhere in the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT, of the 30 September 1965 ‘coup’ in Jakarta that resulted in the banning of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI and the large-scale killing of its members and associates. An assessment is given of PKI strength in NTT in 1965, along with an analysis of the killings, including the numbers killed, who carried out the killings, who was targeted, and the fate of those captured, but not killed. Consideration is also given to the ongoing effects in NTT of accusations of PKI membership.

Criação e exploração de uma infra-estrutura de informação geográfica em Timor-Leste

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João Matos

2003-06-01

Full Text Available SETTING UP AND EXPLORING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURES IN EAST TIMOR. This paper presents a report on the production and usage of Geographic Information applied in a co-operation project with Timor Leste. The project was funded by the Portuguese Government, developed by technical teams of the Technical University of Lisbon and coordinated by the group GERTiL. The work in the project resorted extensively to geographical information. The article describes the global implementation strategy, namely the definition of a co-ordinate system, the installation of a GPS permanent base-station, field surveys, remote sensing and data gathering. Different projects made use of the built infrastructure, namely a strategic development plan, the “school mapping” project, the border demarcation and other smaller projects.

Prevalence and correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in East Timor-Leste.

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Siziya, S; Muula, A S; Rudatsikira, E

2008-12-01

To determine the prevalence and correlates for current cigarette smoking. Secondary analysis of the East Timor-Leste Global Youth Tobacco Survey conducted in 2006. Public and private schools registered with the Ministry of Education. A two-stage cluster sample of 1790 students in Grades 7 to 9. Schools were selected with probability proportional to enrolment size, and classes were randomly selected in each school. All students in selected classes were eligible to participate in the survey. The school and student response rates were 96.0% and 84.5%, respectively. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking. Out of 1790 adolescents, 52.1% were of ages less than 15 years, 51.8% were males, 42.8% reported having some pocket money in a month, and 72.7% had at least a parent who was a smoker. Prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 40.3%. Current smokers also reported having bought cigarettes from peddlers (32.4%), someone bought for them (16.7%), got from someone older (13.7%), borrowed (13.3%), and stole (3.4%). Males were more likely to be smokers than females (59.0% versus 19.3%). Factors positively associated with current smoking were: parental smoking; closest friend smoking; amount of pocket money; and exposure to anti-tobacco messages. East Timor has one of the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescents. The fact that exposure to anti-tobacco messages was associated with being a smoker may be evidence suggesting that anti-tobacco messages, especially from tobacco-related industry, may have unintended consequences.

Birth choices in Timor-Leste: a framework for understanding the use of maternal health services in low resource settings.

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Wild, Kayli; Barclay, Lesley; Kelly, Paul; Martins, Nelson

2010-12-01

The high rate of maternal mortality in Timor-Leste is a persistent problem which has been exacerbated by the long history of military occupation and ongoing political crises since independence in 1999. It is similar to other developing countries where there have been slow declines in maternal mortality despite 20 years of Safe Motherhood interventions. The national Ministry of Health, United Nations (UN) agencies and non-government organisations (NGOs) have attempted to reduce maternal mortality by enacting policies and interventions to increase the number of births in health centres and hospitals. Despite considerable effort in promoting facility-based delivery, most Timorese women birth at home and the lack of midwives means few women have access to a skilled birth attendant. This paper investigates factors influencing access to and use of maternal health services in rural areas of Timor-Leste. It draws on 21 interviews and 11 group discussions with Timorese women and their families collected over two periods of fieldwork, one month in September 2006 and five months from July to December 2007. Theoretical concepts from anthropology and health social science are used to explore individual, social, political and health system issues which affect the way in which maternal health services are utilised. In drawing together a range of theories this paper aims to extend explanations around access to maternal health services in developing countries. An empirically informed framework is proposed which illustrates the complex factors that influence women's birth choices. This framework can be used by policy-makers, practitioners, donors and researchers to think critically about policy decisions and where investments can have the most impact for improving maternal health in Timor-Leste and elsewhere. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria in the Plateau Region, Togo.

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Agbodeka, Kodjovi; Gbekley, Holaly E; Karou, Simplice D; Anani, Kokou; Agbonon, Amegnona; Tchacondo, Tchadjobo; Batawila, Komlan; Simpore, Jacques; Gbeassor, Messanvi

2016-03-01

In Togo, malaria constitutes a major public health problem but, until now, the population still mostly relies on herbal medicine for healing. This study aimed to document medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in the Plateau region of the country. Semi-structured questionnaire interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical and sociodemographic data from traditional healers of the study area. A total of 61 plants species belonging to 33 families were found to be in use for malaria therapy in the Plateau region. Caesalpiniaceae were the most represented family with 7 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae with 4 species each. According to the relative frequency of citation (RFC), Newbouldia laevis Seem. (RFC =0.52), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (RFC =0.48), Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (RFC =0.43), and Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby (RFC =0.40) were the most cited in the treatment of malaria in the traditional medicine in the Plateau region. The parts of plants used could either be the barks, roots, leaves, or whole plants. The recipes also could be a combination of various species of plants or plant parts. This study highlights the potential sources for the development of new antimalarial drugs from indigenous medicinal plants found in the Plateau region of Togo. Such results could be a starting point for in vitro antimalarial screenings. 61 plants species from 33 families are use for malaria therapy in the Plateau region of TogoThe main families are Caesalpiniaceae Euphorbiaceae and PoaceaeThe most used species are Newbouldia laevis Seem. (RFC = 0.52), Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E.A. Bruce (RFC = 0.48), Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (RFC = 0.43), and Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby (RFC = 0.40) Abbreviations Used: RFC: Relative frequency of citation, FC: Frequency of citation, Dec: Decoction, Orl: Oral route, Mac: Maceration, Jui: Juice, Inf: Infusion, Sau: Sauce, Kne: Kneading, Le: Leaves, Rt: Roots, Wp: Whole plant

Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of bacterial meningitis in Dapaong, northern Togo

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Simplice D Karou; Abago Balaka; Mitiname Bamok; Damhan Tchelougou; Malki Assih; Kokou Anani; Kodjo Agbonoko; Jacques Simpore; Comlan de Souza

2012-01-01

Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern Togo. Methods: From January 2007 to January 2010, 533 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong (northern Togo). After microscopic examination, samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients (306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age (13.00±2.07) years]. Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) samples. The bacterial species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A (N. meningitidis A) (58.27%), Neisseria meningitidis W135 (N. meningitidis W135) (7.09%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) (26.77%), Haemophilus influenza B (H. influenza B) (6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae (1.57%). The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82% and 56.52% (P20%for both bacterial strains), macrolides (resistance rate> 30%for H. influenzae) quinolones (resistance rate>15%for H. influenzae and N. meningitidis W135). Over three years, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P<0.001), while the changes in the prevalence of H. influenzae B were not statistically significant: 4.24%, vs. 8.89%, (P= 0.233). Conclusions:Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis belt. This underlines the importance of epidemiological surveillance of bacterial meningitis.

Nurture Versus Nature: Accounting for the Differences Between the Taiwan and Timor active arc-continent collisions

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Harris, R. A.

2011-12-01

The active Banda arc/continent collision of the Timor region provides many important contrasts to what is observed in Taiwan, which is mostly a function of differences in the nature of the subducting plate. One of the most important differences is the thermal state of the respective continental margins: 30 Ma China passive margin versus 160 Ma NW Australian continental margin. The subduction of the cold and strong NW Australian passive margin beneath the Banda trench provides many new constraints for resolving longstanding issues about the formative stages of collision and accretion of continental crust. Some of these issues include evidence for slab rollback and subduction erosion, deep continental subduction, emplacement or demise of forearc basement, relative amounts of uplift from crustal vs. lithospheric processes, influence of inherited structure, partitioning of strain away from the thrust front, extent of mélange development, metamorphic conditions and exhumation mechanisms, continental contamination and accretion of volcanic arcs, does the slab tear, and does subduction polarity reverse? Most of these issues link to the profound control of lower plate crustal heterogeneity, thermal state and inherited structure. The thermomechanical characteristics of subducting an old continental margin allow for extensive underthrusting of lower plate cover units beneath the forearc and emplacement and uplift of extensive nappes of forearc basement. It also promotes subduction of continental crust to deep enough levels to experience high pressure metamorphism (not found in Taiwan) and extensive contamination of the volcanic arc. Seismic tomography confirms subduction of continental lithosphere beneath the Banda Arc to at least 400 km with no evidence for slab tear. Slab rollback during this process results in massive subduction erosion and extension of the upper plate. Other differences in the nature of the subducting plates in Taiwan in Timor are differences in the

HIV prevalence and behavioral studies in female sex workers in Togo: a decline in the prevalence between 2005 and 2011.

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Pitché, Palokinam; Gbetoglo, Komi; Saka, Bayaki; Akakpo, Séfako; Landoh, Dadja Essoya; d'Alméida, Stéphane; Banla, Abiba Kere; Sodji, Dométo; Deku, Kodzo

2013-01-01

We determined the sero-prevalence of HIV among female sex workers (FSWs) in Togo identified their sexual risk behaviors. We conducted a cross-sectional study from 17 to 27 December, 2011 on 1106 FSWs in Togo. Venous sample were collected to estimate HIV prevalence as per national algorithms. Behavior data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Of the 1106 FSWs (mean age = 27.6 years) surveyed, 17% and 63% had their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15 and 18 years respectively. Overall, 43.4% of the FSWs had more than seven clients per week. Most FSWs (95%) said they had sex using a condom in their lifetime while 8.8% had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse. About 79% of FSWs used a condom during their sexual encounters the previous week and 11.6% had used a condom during each of their sexual encounters the previous day. Most FSWs (62.2%) reported to have been tested for HIV. Of these, 145 (13.1%) were HIV positive. HIV sero-prevalence decreased from 19.4% in the south to 7.5% in the north of the country. Behaviors associated with FSW being HIV positive included: FSW having more than 7 clients per week (p sex in brothels (p HIV sero-prevalence among FSWs in 2011 to be 13.1% in Togo, significantly lower than a prevalence of 29.5% estimated previously in 2005. Inconsistent use of condoms was identified as associated with high risk factor for acquiring HIV.

Application of standard treatment guidelines in rural community health centres, Timor-Leste.

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Higuchi, Michiyo; Okumura, Junko; Aoyama, Atsuko; Suryawati, Sri; Porter, John

2012-08-01

To analyse nurses' and midwives' knowledge of and attitudes towards standard treatment guidelines (STGs), which were developed to help their practices at rural community health centres (CHCs) in Timor-Leste. Fifty-five nurses and midwives were individually interviewed. Data were analysed qualitatively using the Framework approach. Overall, the standard treatments for acute respiratory tract infections, malaria and diarrhoea were well known by the respondents. Clinical nurses showed precise and detailed knowledge, especially for antibiotic use. The respondents were willing to use STGs and believed that they 'should' follow them. This feeling arose due to their self-awareness as frontline health workers and, at the same time, as peripheral civil servants. The changes brought about by the introduction of STGs were positively perceived. Three components of the change were observed: the concept, daily practice and perceived patient satisfaction. The respondents had previously felt a lack of confidence and hoped to improve their capacity as health care workers; they became confident in their practices by using STGs. Self-confidence was identified more clearly in the clinical nurse interviews. Few difficulties in using STGs were indicated, and the respondents suggested ways to deal with these difficulties. By using the STGs, the nurses/midwives gained knowledge and self-confidence. The positive perception of the changes promoted further use of the STGs. Clinical nurse training positively influenced the knowledge of and attitudes towards the STGs. Few difficulties in applying STGs in daily practice were identified, which is contrary to previous studies that targeted physicians in the Western world. Development of STGs within a health policy framework was considered a key factor. The STGs exist across related policies and various programmes, which are interconnected. The Timor-Leste experience indicates the value of STGs for non-physician health care providers at the

Spatial and temporal patterns of dengue infections in Timor-Leste, 2005-2013.

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Wangdi, Kinley; Clements, Archie C A; Du, Tai; Nery, Susana Vaz

2018-01-04

Dengue remains an important public health problem in Timor-Leste, with several major epidemics occurring over the last 10 years. The aim of this study was to identify dengue clusters at high geographical resolution and to determine the association between local environmental characteristics and the distribution and transmission of the disease. Notifications of dengue cases that occurred from January 2005 to December 2013 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Timor-Leste. The population of each suco (the third-level administrative subdivision) was obtained from the Population and Housing Census 2010. Spatial autocorrelation in dengue incidence was explored using Moran's I statistic, Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA), and the Getis-Ord statistics. A multivariate, Zero-Inflated, Poisson (ZIP) regression model was developed with a conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior structure, and with posterior parameters estimated using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation with Gibbs sampling. The analysis used data from 3206 cases. Dengue incidence was highly seasonal with a large peak in January. Patients ≥ 14 years were found to be 74% [95% credible interval (CrI): 72-76%] less likely to be infected than those < 14 years, and females were 12% (95% CrI: 4-21%) more likely to suffer from dengue as compared to males. Dengue incidence increased by 0.7% (95% CrI: 0.6-0.8%) for a 1 °C increase in mean temperature; and 47% (95% CrI: 29-59%) for a 1 mm increase in precipitation. There was no significant residual spatial clustering after accounting for climate and demographic variables. Dengue incidence was highly seasonal and spatially clustered, with positive associations with temperature, precipitation and demographic factors. These factors explained the observed spatial heterogeneity of infection.

An exploratory study of treated-bed nets in Timor-Leste: patterns of intended and alternative usage

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Wilder-Smith Annelies

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Timor-Leste Ministry of Health has recently finalized the National Malaria Control Strategy for 2010-2020. A key component of this roadmap is to provide universal national coverage with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs in support of achieving the primary goal of reducing both morbidity and mortality from malaria by 30% in the first three years, followed by a further reduction of 20% by end of the programme cycle in 2020 1. The strategic plan calls for this target to be supported by a comprehensive information, education and communication (IEC programme; however, there is limited prior research into household and personal usage patterns to assist in the creation of targeted, effective, and socio-culturally specific behaviour change materials. Methods Nine separate focus group discussions (FGDs were carried out in Dili, Manatuto, and Covalima districts, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, in July 2010. These focus groups primarily explored themes of perceived malaria risk, causes of malaria, net usage patterns within families, barriers to correct and consistent usage, and the daily experience of users (both male and female in households with at least one net. Comprehensive qualitative analysis utilized open source analysis software. Results The primary determinants of net usage were a widespread perception that nets could or should only be used by pregnant women and young children, and the availability of sufficient sleeping space under a limited number of nets within households. Both nuisance biting and disease prevention were commonly cited as primary motivations for usage, while seasonality was not a significant factor. Long-term net durability and ease of hanging were seen as key attributes in net design preference. Very frequent washing cycles were common, potentially degrading net effectiveness. Finally, extensive re-purposing of nets (fishing, protecting crops was both reported and observed, and may

Divorce et remariage des femmes en Afrique de l'Ouest. Le cas du Togo

OpenAIRE

Marie-Paule Thiriat; Thérèse Locoh

1995-01-01

Locoh (Thérèse), Thiriat (Marie-Paule). - Divorce and remarriage in West Africa: the situation in Togo The high matrimonial mobility of West African women is only generally analysed by demographers as a correlate in polygamy research (on men) or as a fertility factor. Anthropological literature, on the other hand, has investigated the subject in its own right, weighing up the pros and cons of marriage, widowhood and divorce for the status of women. Analysis of the matrimonial data on women su...

African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development

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Teeken, B.W.E.

2015-01-01

Abstract

Teeken B (2015). African rice (Oryza glaberrima) cultivation in the Togo Hills: ecological and socio-cultural cues in farmer seed selection and development. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 306 pp. The low adoption rates of

A preliminary account of the fruit fly fauna of Timor-Leste (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae).

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Bellis, Glenn A; Brito, Americo A; Jesus, Hipolito DE; Quintao, Valente; Sarmento, Joaquim C; Bere, Apolinario; Rodrigues, João; Hancock, David L

2017-12-05

Opportunistic monitoring using baited fruit fly traps throughout Timor-Leste revealed the presence of 16 species of Bactrocera and one species of Dacus, all of which are previously reported from the region. Sampling of a range of commercial fruit species detected an additional species, B. latifrons, and revealed that nine species are attacking commercial fruits and vegetables. A key for separating these species is provided. New host records were found for B. minuscula, B. floresiae and B. bellisi. Variation in the morphology of B. minuscula, B. floresiae and an undescribed species and within B. albistrigata confounded attempts at accurate identification of some specimens.

Oldest human occupation of Wallacea at Laili Cave, Timor-Leste, shows broad-spectrum foraging responses to late Pleistocene environments

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Hawkins, Stuart; O'Connor, Sue; Maloney, Tim Ryan; Litster, Mirani; Kealy, Shimona; Fenner, Jack N.; Aplin, Ken; Boulanger, Clara; Brockwell, Sally; Willan, Richard; Piotto, Elena; Louys, Julien

2017-09-01

The Wallacea Archipelago provides an extraordinary laboratory for the study of human colonisation and adaptation, yet few detailed archaeological studies have been conducted in the region that span the earliest phase of human settlement. Laili Cave, in northern Timor-Leste, preserves the oldest human occupation in this insular region with a cultural sequence spanning 11,200 to 44,600 cal BP. Small-bodied vertebrates and invertebrates were recovered to the lowest excavated levels, associated with highly concentrated stone artefacts. We report on human behavioural adaptations within the context of Pleistocene environments and changing landscapes using zooarchaeological, stone artefact, bathymetric, and experimental isotopic analyses. Results indicate that Pleistocene humans used the abundant local chert liberally and engaged in mobile broad-spectrum exploitation of invertebrates and fishes from marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments within close proximity of Laili Cave. The faunal assemblage indicates heterogeneous but relatively stable environments during the late Pleistocene. Variability in subsistence strategies over time appears to be a response to changing landscapes and concomitant local resources. This record contrasts with marine specialisations evident from other sites in Timor-Leste and within the broader Wallacean region.

Impact of mass distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets on childhood malaria morbidity: The Togo National Integrated Child Health Campaign

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Sodahlon Yao K

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background An evaluation of the short-term impact on childhood malaria morbidity of mass distribution of free long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs to households with children aged 9-59 months as part of the Togo National Integrated Child Health Campaign. Methods The prevalence of anaemia and malaria in children aged zero to 59 months was measured during two cross-sectional household cluster-sample surveys conducted during the peak malaria transmission, three months before (Sept 2004, n = 2521 and nine months after the campaign (Sept 2005, n = 2813 in three districts representative of Togo's three epidemiological malaria transmission regions: southern tropical coastal plains (Yoto, central fertile highlands (Ogou and northern semi-arid savannah (Tone. Results In households with children 65% in all 3 districts. Reported ITN use by children during the previous night was 35.9%, 43.8% and 80.6% in Yoto, Ogou and Tone, respectively. Rainfall patterns were comparable in both years. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe anaemia (Hb The effect was predominantly seen in children aged 18-59 months and in the two southern districts: PR (95% CI for moderate to severe anaemia and clinical malaria: Yoto 0.62 (0.44-0.88 and 0.49 (0.35-0.75; Ogou 0.54 (0.37-0.79 and 0.85 (0.57-1.27, respectively. Similar reductions occurred in children Conclusions A marked reduction in childhood malaria associated morbidity was observed in the year following mass distribution of free LLINs in two of the three districts in Togo. Sub-national level impact evaluations will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of expanding national malaria control efforts.

'They love us just the way they love a woman': gender identity, power and transactional sex between men who have sex with men and transgender women in Timor-Leste.

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Niven, Hamish; Jose, Hayden; Rawstorne, Patrick; Nathan, Sally

2017-11-07

There has been limited research on the experiences of men who have sex with men and transgender women in Timor-Leste. Previous research has suggested a phenomenon by which same-sex-attracted men and transgender women have sexual and intimate relationships with straight-identifying men or mane-forte. Transactional sex has also been reported to be common. This paper, which complements a larger national size estimation among key populations at risk of HIV, further investigates sexual and social identities and roles, including sexual practices, among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Timor-Leste. Fifteen interviews were conducted with a profile of participants from urban and rural settings. Using inductive thematic analysis, we found that gender identity played a significant role in sexual relationships, with mane-forte having power over their sexual partner(s). Transactional sex was also found to be customary. Some participants experienced stigma, discrimination, sexual coercion and violence, while others, such as mane-forte, did not. Our research suggests that gender identity and power are significant in sexual relationships between men who have sex with men and transgender women in Timor-Leste, have implications for HIV prevention efforts and may reflect gender norms within the broader community.

It is possible: availability of lymphedema case management in each health facility in Togo. Program description, evaluation, and lessons learned.

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Mathieu, Els; Dorkenoo, Ameyo M; Datagni, Michael; Cantey, Paul T; Morgah, Kodjo; Harvey, Kira; Ziperstein, Joshua; Drexler, Naomi; Chapleau, Gina; Sodahlon, Yao

2013-07-01

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a vector-borne parasitic disease that can clinically manifest as disabling lymphedema. Although the LF elimination program aims to reduce disability and to interrupt transmission, there has been a scarcity of disease morbidity management programs, particularly on a national scale. This report describes the implementation of the first nationwide LF lymphedema management program. The program, which was initiated in Togo in 2007, focuses on patient behavioral change. Its goal is two-fold: to achieve a sustainable program on a national-scale, and to serve as a model for other countries. The program has five major components: 1) train at least one health staff in lymphedema care in each health facility in Togo; 2) inform people with a swollen leg that care is available at their dispensary; 3) train patients on self-care; 4) provide a support system to motivate patients to continue self-care by training community health workers or family members and providing in home follow-up; and 5) integrate lymphedema management into the curriculum for medical staff. The program achieved the inclusion of lymphedema management in the routine healthcare package. The evaluation after three years estimated that 79% of persons with a swollen leg in Togo were enrolled in the program. The adherence rate to the proposed World Health Organization treatment of washing, exercise, and leg elevation was more than 70% after three years of the program, resulting in a stabilization of the lymphedema stage and a slight decrease in reported acute attacks among program participants. Health staff and patients consider the program successful in reaching and educating the patients. After the external funding ended, the morbidity management program is maintained through routine Ministry of Health activities.

La grossesse chez l'adolescente à l'hôpital de Tsévié (Togo ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectif : Décrire le profil des grossesses chez l'adolescente à l'hôpital de Tsévié (Togo). Matériel et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive analytique portant sur les dossiers des parturientes âgées de 10 à 19 ans reçues à l'hôpital de Tsévié entre janvier 2011 et juin 2012. Résultats : Au cours de cette période, 180 ...

Monitoring compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in west Africa: multisite cross sectional survey in Togo and Burkina Faso

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Aguayo, Victor M; Ross, Jay S; Kanon, Souleyman; Ouedraogo, Andre N

2003-01-01

Objectives To monitor compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in health systems, sales outlets, distribution points, and the news media in Togo and Burkina Faso, west Africa. Design Multisite cross sectional survey. Participants Staff at 43 health facilities and 66 sales outlets and distribution points, 186 health providers, and 105 mothers of infants aged ⩽5 months in 16 cities. Results Six (14%) health facilities had received donations of breast milk substitutes. All donations were being given to mothers free of charge. Health providers in five (12%) health facilities had received free samples of breast milk substitutes for purposes other than professional research or evaluation. Health professionals in five (12%) health facilities had received promotional gifts from manufacturers. Promotional materials of commercial breast milk substitutes were found in seven (16%) health facilities. Special displays to market commercial breast milk substitutes were found in 29 (44%) sales and distribution points. Forty commercial breast milk substitutes violated the labelling standards of the code: 21 were manufactured by Danone, 11 by Nestlé, and eight by other national and international manufacturers. Most (148, 90%) health providers had never heard of the code, and 66 mothers (63%) had never received any counselling on breast feeding by their health providers. Conclusion In west Africa manufacturers are violating the code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. Comparable levels of code violations are observed with (Burkina Faso) or without (Togo) regulating legislation. Legislation must be accompanied by effective information, training, and monitoring systems to ensure that healthcare providers and manufacturers comply with evidence based practice and the code. What is already known on this topicAll member states of the World Health Assembly have reaffirmed their support for the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk

Long-term decline in soil fertility and responsiveness to fertiliser as mitigated by short fallow periods in sub-Sahelian area of Togo

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Kintché, K.; Guibert, H.; Bonfoh, B.; Tittonell, P.A.

2015-01-01

Using 40-year experiment data from a mono-modal rainfall area of northern Togo, we analyzed soil fertility dynamics when 2 and 3-year fallows were alternated with 3-year rotation of groundnut, cotton and sorghum. The control treatment consisted to continuous cultivate the soil in a rotation of

The tyranny of distance: maternity waiting homes and access to birthing facilities in rural Timor-Leste.

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Wild, Kayli; Barclay, Lesley; Kelly, Paul; Martins, Nelson

2012-02-01

To examine the impact of maternity waiting homes on the use of facility-based birthing services for women in two remote districts of Timor-Leste. A before-and-after study design was used to compare the number of facility-based births in women who lived at different distances (0-5, 6-25, 26-50 and > 50 km) from the health centre before and after implementation of maternity waiting homes. Routine data were collected from health centre records at the end of 2007; they included 249 births in Same, Manufahi district, and 1986 births in Lospalos, Lautem district. Population data were used to estimate the percentage of women in each distance category who were accessing facility-based care. Most facility-based births in Same (80%) and Lospalos (62%) were among women who lived within 5 km of the health centre. There was no significant increase in the number of facility-based births among women in more remote areas following implementation of the maternity waiting homes. The percentage of births in the population that occurred in a health facility was low for both Manufahi district (9%) and Lautem district (17%), and use decreased markedly as distance between a woman's residence and the health facilities increased. The maternity waiting homes in Timor-Leste did not improve access to facility-based delivery for women in remote areas. The methods for distance analysis presented in this paper provide a framework that could be used by other countries seeking to evaluate maternity waiting homes.

What do health workers in Timor-Leste want, know and do? Findings from a national health labour market survey.

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Hou, Xiaohui; Witter, Sophie; Zaman, Rashid U; Engelhardt, Kay; Hafidz, Firdaus; Julia, Fernanda; Lemiere, Christophe; Sullivan, Eileen B; Saldanha, Estanislau; Palu, Toomas; Lievens, Tomas

2016-11-18

The objectives of this study were to understand the labour market dynamics among health workers, including their preferences and concerns, and to assess the skills, competence and performance (i.e. the 'know-do gap') of doctors working in Timor-Leste. This cross-sectional survey was implemented in all 13 districts of Timor-Leste in 2014. We surveyed 443 health workers, including 175 doctors, 150 nurses and 118 midwives (about 20% of the health workers in the country). We also observed 632 clinical consultations with doctors, including 442 direct clinical observations, and tested 190 vignettes. The study highlights some positive findings, including the gender balance of health workers overall, the concentration of doctors in rural areas, the high overall reported satisfaction of staff with their work and high motivation, the positive intention to stay in the public sector, the feeling of being well prepared by training for work, the relatively frequent and satisfactory supervisions, and the good attitudes towards patients as identified in observations and vignettes. However, some areas require more investigations and investments. The overall clinical performance of the doctors was very good in terms of attitude and moderate in regard to history taking, health education and treatment. However, the average physical examination performance score was low. Doctors performed better with simulated cases than the real cases in general, which means they have better knowledge and skills than they actually demonstrated. The factors that were significantly associated with the clinical performance of doctors were location of the health facility (urban doctors were better) and consultation time (cases with more consultation time were better). Regression analysis suggests that lack of knowledge was significantly associated with lack of performance, while lack of motivation and equipment were not significant. The survey provides essential information for workforce planning and for

Technical and Vocational Education Stakeholders' Perceptions on Professional Skills Acquired in Private "Brevet De Technicien Supérieur (BTS)" Schools in Togo

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Adjrah, Yao

2014-01-01

This study intends to analyze formal and implemented BTS curricula in Lomé (Togo). Data collection was achieved by means of questionnaires and interviews for exploring, in five private BTS schools, the perceptions of students, teachers and pedagogical directors, as well as the views of employed BTS graduates and their employers, regarding the…

[System of telesonography with synchronous teleconsultations and asynchronous telediagnoses (Togo)].

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Adambounou, K; Farin, F; Boucher, A; Adjenou, K V; Gbeassor, M; N'dakena, K; Vincent, N; Arbeille, P

2012-01-01

the isolated center, volume capture-and-store software is used. Later on, the UHC expert uses Echo-Cnes 3D software to reconstruct the organs scanned. The expert can then navigate within the reconstructed volume and display any plane. Volume capture is performed by tilting (± 40°) to both sides vertically to the skin. To locate the probe on the organ acoustic window, the novice operator uses acoustic window mapping designed by our laboratory (UMPS-Tours). The system was tested between the Tsévié regional hospital in Togo (40 km from Lomé, Togo, and 4500 km from Tours, France) and the UHC at Lomé and the Trousseau UHC in Tours. With an average internet connection of 2 Mbps, the quality of transmission of the background video and ultrasound sequence videos from Tsévié towards Lomé was satisfactory (16 images/s) with a maximal transmission delay of 1.5 s (almost in real time). A video conference between the Trousseau UHC in Tours, the UHC Campus in Lomé and the Tsévié Hospital was possible and the bandwidth allowed the Lomé experts (radiologists) to perform real-time telesonography with very satisfactory results (ultrasound diagnoses obtained) for abdominal (n = 5), pelvic (n = 3), obstetric (n = 2), prostate (n = 2) and mammary (n = 2) ultrasound, both normal and pathological. Because the doctors at Tsévié had minimal experience with ultrasound, complete ultrasound diagnoses were obtained by combining remote voice instruction for image capture and full diagnosis by Echo-Cnes. Asynchronous telediagnosis was also performed with Tsévié operators who lacked ultrasound expertise but could perform the required tilt movements (after 3 training sessions). The expert at Trousseau UHC performed real-time telesonography with the Tsévié Hospital for two cases requiring abdominal images and another viewing of the prostate. He also performed asynchronous reconstruction of the abdominal organs with Echo-Cnes. A demonstration seminar of our platform was organized

Monitoring compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in west Africa: multisite cross sectional survey in Togo and Burkina Faso.

Science.gov (United States)

Aguayo, Victor M; Ross, Jay S; Kanon, Souleyman; Ouedraogo, Andre N

2003-01-18

To monitor compliance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in health systems, sales outlets, distribution points, and the news media in Togo and Burkina Faso, west Africa. Multisite cross sectional survey. Staff at 43 health facilities and 66 sales outlets and distribution points, 186 health providers, and 105 mothers of infants aged market commercial breast milk substitutes were found in 29 (44%) sales and distribution points. Forty commercial breast milk substitutes violated the labelling standards of the code: 21 were manufactured by Danone, 11 by Nestlé, and eight by other national and international manufacturers. Most (148, 90%) health providers had never heard of the code, and 66 mothers (63%) had never received any counselling on breast feeding by their health providers. In west Africa manufacturers are violating the code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. Comparable levels of code violations are observed with (Burkina Faso) or without (Togo) regulating legislation. Legislation must be accompanied by effective information, training, and monitoring systems to ensure that healthcare providers and manufacturers comply with evidence based practice and the code.

PENGEMBANGAN KULINER LOKAL SEBAGAI DAYA TARIK WISATA DI DILI, TIMOR LESTE

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Elizabeth Barreto Araujo

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The development of tourism industry can provide opportunities for tourism products including culinary in Dili, Timor-Leste. This article aims to identify types of traditional foods, measure the perception of tourists on traditional food and formulate program to develop traditional food as culinary tourism. Data collection for this article used direct field observation, interviews and documentation study, while data analysis used SWOT matrix. The results of this article revealed that in Dili there were several types of traditional food such as Saboko, Tukir, Kulu tunu or Kulu Gisa could be developed as culinary tourism. In regard to tourist perception on traditional food processing while good on quality of traditional food, food cleanliness and quality of restaurant service. Several programs conducted by the government to develop traditional food are human resource quality improvement, creating market for traditional food, identification of potential local products in each district and assessment of traditional foods.The restaurant owners also develop several programs such as menu adjustment, creativity in traditional food processing, and promotion.

Assessment of sediment hydrocarbon contamination from the 2009 Montara oil blow out in the Timor Sea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burns, Kathryn A.; Jones, Ross

2016-01-01

In August 2009, a blowout of the Montara H1 well 260 km off the northwest coast of Australia resulted in the uncontrolled release of about 4.7 M L of light crude oil and gaseous hydrocarbons into the Timor Sea. Over the 74 day period of the spill, the oil remained offshore and did not result in shoreline incidents on the Australia mainland. At various times slicks were sighted over a 90,000 km"2 area, forming a layer of oil which was tracked by airplanes and satellites but the slicks typically remained within 35 km of the well head platform and were treated with 183,000 L of dispersants. The shelf area where the spill occurred is shallow (100–200 m) and includes off shore emergent reefs and cays and submerged banks and shoals. This study describes the increased inputs of oil to the system and assesses the environmental impact. Concentrations of hydrocarbon in the sediment at the time of survey were very low (total aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranged from 0.04 to 31 ng g"−"1) and were orders of magnitude lower than concentrations at which biological effects would be expected. - Highlights: • 2009 fire/collapse of MWH1 released approximately 4.7 M L oil into the Timor Sea. • Oil gushed for 74 days before capping. Sediment studies initially declined. • Estimated 183,000 L dispersant forced oil into seawater in ∼100 m water depth area. • Sediments collected from nearby reefs and shoals 6 and 18 months later. • Assessment based on the increased oil inputs to the system. - Australia's oil spill response must include sediments collected immediately after and sediment quality guidelines for PAHs must include alkylated components as specified by the USEPA quidelines.

National-level differences in the adoption of environmental health technologies: a cross-border comparison from Benin and Togo.

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Wendland, Kelly J; Pattanayak, Subhrendu K; Sills, Erin O

2015-03-01

Environmental health problems such as malaria, respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malnutrition pose very high burdens on the poor rural people in much of the tropics. Recent research on key interventions-the adoption and use of relatively cheap and effective environmental health technologies-has focused primarily on the influence of demand-side household-level drivers. Relatively few studies of the promotion and use of these technologies have considered the role of contextual factors such as governance, the enabling environment and national policies because of the challenges of cross-country comparisons. We exploit a natural experimental setting by comparing household adoption across the Benin-Togo national border that splits the Tamberma Valley in West Africa. Households across the border share the same culture, ethnicity, weather, physiographic features, livelihoods and infrastructure; however, they are located in countries at virtually opposite ends of the institutional spectrum of democratic elections, voice and accountability, effective governance and corruption. Binary choice models and rigorous non-parametric matching estimators confirm that households in Benin are more likely than households in Togo to plant soybeans, build improved cookstoves and purchase mosquito nets, ceteris paribus. Although we cannot identify the exact mechanism for the large and significant national-level differences in technology adoption, our findings suggest that contextual institutional factors can be more important than household characteristics for technology adoption. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2014; all rights reserved.

Medical Science Meets 'Development Aid' Transfer and Adaptation of West German Microbiology to Togo, 1960-1980.

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Rensch, Carola; Bruchhausen, Walter

2017-01-01

After losing the importance it had held around 1900 both as a colonial power and in the field of tropical medicine, Germany searched for a new place in international health care during decolonisation. Under the aegis of early government 'development aid', which started in 1956, medical academics from West German universities became involved in several Asian, African and South American countries. The example selected for closer study is the support for the national hygiene institute in Togo, a former German 'model colony' and now a stout ally of the West. Positioned between public health and scientific research, between 'development aid' and academia and between West German and West African interests, the project required multiple arrangements that are analysed for their impact on the co-operation between the two countries. In a country like Togo, where higher education had been neglected under colonial rule, having qualified national staff became the decisive factor for the project. While routine services soon worked well, research required more sustained 'capacity building' and did not lead to joint work on equal terms. In West Germany, the arrangement with the universities was a mutual benefit deal for government officials and medical academics. West German 'development aid' did not have to create permanent jobs at home for the consulting experts it needed; it improved its chances to find sufficiently qualified German staff to work abroad and it profited from the academic renown of its consultants. The medical scientists secured jobs and research opportunities for their postgraduates, received grants for foreign doctoral students, gained additional expertise and enjoyed international prestige. Independence from foreign politics was not an issue for most West German medical academics in the 1960s.

International cooperation and health policy implementation in a post-conflict situation: the case of East Timor.

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Fonseca, Luiz Eduardo; Almeida, Celia

2015-01-01

This study centers on relationships among national and international actors in preparation of the first health policy document for East Timor, under the United Nations transitional administration, between 1999 and 2002. International cooperation support for the health system rehabilitation process during the post-conflict period is analyzed as part of reconstruction of the State in parallel with construction of the country's political and institutional framework. Knowledge, ideas, "ways of doing," and induced and accepted practices permeate an interplay of power relationships that condition both national political alliance-building and the architecture of international aid, pointing to input to a discussion of how these mechanisms interact at different conjunctures and times in different negotiating frameworks.

Estimating one's own and one's relatives' multiple intelligence: a cross-cultural study from East Timor and Portugal.

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Neto, Félix; Furnham, Adrian; Pinto, Maria da Conceição

2009-11-01

This study examined estimates of their own, and their parents' general and multiple intelligences. Three hundred and twenty three students from East Timor, and one hundred eighty three students from Portugal estimated their own, and their parents' IQ scores on each of Gardner's ten multiple intelligences. Men believed they were more intelligent than were women on mathematical (logical), spatial, and naturalistic intelligence. There were consistent and clear culture differences. Portuguese gave higher self, and family ratings than Timorese, as expected. Participants of both cultures rated overall intelligence of their father higher than that of their mother. Implications of these results for education and self-presentations are considered.

Understanding Health Workers' Job Preferences to Improve Rural Retention in Timor-Leste: Findings from a Discrete Choice Experiment.

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Smitz, Marc-Francois; Witter, Sophie; Lemiere, Christophe; Eozenou, Patrick Hoang-Vu; Lievens, Tomas; Zaman, Rashid U; Engelhardt, Kay; Hou, Xiaohui

2016-01-01

Timor-Leste built its health workforce up from extremely low levels after its war of independence, with the assistance of Cuban training, but faces challenges as the first cohorts of doctors will shortly be freed from their contracts with government. Retaining doctors, nurses and midwives in remote areas requires a good understanding of health worker preferences. The article reports on a discrete choice experiment (DCE) carried out amongst 441 health workers, including 173 doctors, 150 nurses and 118 midwives. Qualitative methods were conducted during the design phase. The attributes which emerged were wages, skills upgrading/specialisation, location, working conditions, transportation and housing. One of the main findings of the study is the relative lack of importance of wages for doctors, which could be linked to high intrinsic motivation, perceptions of having an already highly paid job (relative to local conditions), and/or being in a relatively early stage of their career for most respondents. Professional development provides the highest satisfaction with jobs, followed by the working conditions. Doctors with less experience, males and the unmarried are more flexible about location. For nurses and midwives, skill upgrading emerged as the most cost effective method. The study is the first of its kind conducted in Timor-Leste. It provides policy-relevant information to balance financial and non-financial incentives for different cadres and profiles of staff. It also augments a thin literature on the preferences of working doctors (as opposed to medical students) in low and middle income countries and provides insights into the ability to instil motivation to work in rural areas, which may be influenced by rural recruitment and Cuban-style training, with its emphasis on community service.

Contested Space of Transborder Fishing in Timor and Arafura Seas

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Shiskha Prabawaningtyas

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The continuity of Indonesian transborder fishing activities into Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ highlights the rooted dispute of maritime border when contested space of boundary shared by local, state and international actor is confronted. Therefore, the prevailing of multilayer perspective of maritime boundary should not be easily neglected. The colonial project in early 19th century in Southeast Asia that initiated the foundation of modern state-formation had challenged the prior-political and economic construction of the region, specifically on the issue of territoriality. The modernization of shipping and fishing activities of which relied on technology and capitals had generated political and economic competitions and later persuaded state’s actors of applying the strategy of the territorialisation of the sea in order to ensure control. Unavoidably, securitization of transborder fishing became preferable solution. Transborder fishings are further subjected into state control relied on territorial sovereignty. This paper examines the transformation of transborder fishing in Timor and Arafura Sea to demonstrated the contested space of which interplayed by local, state and international actor. State regulations had transformed transborder fishing into political space of authority competition relied on territorial sovereignty, while socio-cultural heritage reminds exploited within fluid space of livelihood survival when state function is just absent.

A voz dos bandos: colectivos de justiça e ritos da palavra portuguesa em Timor Leste colonial

OpenAIRE

Roque, Ricardo

2012-01-01

Este artigo examina as relações entre o discurso da justiça e a prática do ritual nos bandos do governo colonial português em Timor Leste, entre a segunda metade do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX. Os bandos consistiam em ordens e instruções de comando emanadas pelo governador português em Díli, e comunicadas de forma cerimonial por oficiais às populações dos diversos reinos timorenses dispersos pelo país. Bandos eram um instrumento por excelência de governação colonial dos ass...

Six-year longitudinal study of pathways leading to explosive anger involving the traumas of recurrent conflict and the cumulative sense of injustice in Timor-Leste.

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Silove, Derrick; Mohsin, Mohammed; Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Steel, Zachary; Tam, Natalino; Savio, Elisa; Da Costa, Zelia Maria; Rees, Susan

2017-10-01

Cumulative evidence suggests that explosive anger may be a common reaction among survivors of mass conflict. However, little is known about the course of explosive anger in the years following mass conflict, or the psychosocial factors that influence the trajectory of that reaction pattern. We examined these issues in a 6-year longitudinal study (2004-2010) conducted among adult residents of a rural and an urban village in Timor-Leste (n = 1022). We derived a brief, context-specific index of explosive anger using qualitative methods. Widely used measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and severe psychological distress were calibrated to the Timor context. We developed an index of the cumulative sense of injustice related to consecutive historical periods associated with conflict in Timor-Leste. We applied partial structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine pathways from baseline explosive anger, socio-demographic factors, recurrent trauma, mental health indices (PTSD, severe psychological distress) and the sense of injustice, to explosive anger. Half of the sample with explosive anger at baseline continued to report that reaction pattern after 6 years; and a third of those who did not report explosive anger at baseline developed the response by follow-up. A symmetrical pattern of younger age, female gender and the trauma count for the preceding historical period predicted explosive anger at each assessment point. The sense of injustice was related to explosive anger at follow-up. Explosive anger was associated with impairment in functioning and conflict with the intimate partner and wider family. Sampling constraints caution against generalizing our findings to other populations. Nevertheless, our data suggest that explosive anger may persist for a prolonged period of time following mass conflict and that the response pattern is initiated and maintained by recurrent trauma exposure associated with a sense of injustice. Averting recurrence of mass

Risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli Ulcer) in Togo ─ a case-control study in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region.

Science.gov (United States)

Maman, Issaka; Tchacondo, Tchadjobo; Kere, Abiba Banla; Piten, Ebekalisai; Beissner, Marcus; Kobara, Yiragnima; Kossi, Komlan; Badziklou, Kossi; Wiedemann, Franz Xaver; Amekuse, Komi; Bretzel, Gisela; Karou, Damintoti Simplice

2018-01-19

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected mycobacterial skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. This disease mostly affects poor rural populations, especially in areas with low hygiene standards and sanitation coverage. The objective of this study was to identify these risk factors in the districts of Zio and Yoto of the Maritime Region in Togo. We conducted a case-control study in Zio and Yoto, two districts proved BU endemic from November 2014 to May 2015. BU cases were diagnosed according to the WHO clinical case definition at the Centre Hospitalier Régional de Tsévié (CHR Tsévié) and confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and IS2404 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each case, up to two controls matched by sex and place of residence were recruited. Socio-demographic, environmental or behavioral data were collected and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to identify and compare risk factors between BU cases and controls. A total of 83 cases and 128 controls were enrolled. The median age was 15 years (range 3-65 years). Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounders identified age (Maritime Region in south Togo.

A voz dos bandos: colectivos de justiça e ritos da palavra portuguesa em Timor-Leste colonial

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Ricardo Roque

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina as relações entre o discurso da justiça e a prática do ritual nos bandos do governo colonial português em Timor Leste, entre a segunda metade do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do século XX. Os bandos consistiam em ordens e instruções de comando emanadas pelo governador português em Díli, e comunicadas de forma cerimonial por oficiais às populações dos diversos reinos timorenses dispersos pelo país. Bandos eram um instrumento por excelência de governação colonial dos assuntos indígenas, servindo para arbitrar conflitos, punir transgressões e, em geral, instituir realidades no mundo timorense. Contudo, esta instituição assumiu igualmente uma singular expressão nos usos timorenses, servindo bandos para comunicar também as ordens de autoridades tradicionais, os liurais. O artigo acompanha as variações coloniais e indígenas que os bandos adquiriram em Timor Leste, conceptualizando-os enquanto colectivos de justiça. Ao considerar assim os bandos como colectivos - formações heterogéneas em que elementos linguísticos e não linguísticos se combinam na produção de efeitos de poder sobre as populações - o artigo propõe uma via conceptual alternativa às perspectivas linguísticas e literárias de análise do discurso colonial.This article examines the relations between juridical discourse and ritual practice in the bandos issued by the Portuguese colonial government in East Timor between the second-half of the nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. Bandos consisted of orders and instructions of command issued by the Portuguese governor in Dilly and ceremonially transmitted by colonial officers to the populations of the various Timorese kingdoms. Bandos were a principal tool of colonial governance with regards to indigenous matters. They were used by the Portuguese to arbitrate conflicts, punish transgressions and, generally, to institute realities in the Timorese

Does mobile phone ownership predict better utilization of maternal and newborn health services? a cross-sectional study in Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Juan; Unger, Jennifer Anna; Thompson, Susan; Hofstee, Marisa; Gu, Jing; Mercer, Mary Anne

2016-07-23

Increasingly popular mobile health (mHealth) programs have been proposed to promote better utilization of maternal, newborn and child health services. However, women who lack access to a mobile phone are often left out of both mHealth programs and research. In this study, we determine whether household mobile phone ownership is an independent predictor of utilization of maternal and newborn health services in Timor-Leste. The study included 581 women aged 15-49 years with a child under the age of two years from the districts of Manufahi and Ainaro in Timor-Leste. Participants were interviewed via a structured survey of knowledge, practices, and coverage of maternal and child health services, with additional questions related to ownership and utilization of mobile phones. Mobile phone ownership was the exposure variable, and the dependent variables included having at least four antenatal care visits, skilled birth attendance, health facility delivery, a postnatal checkup within 24 h, and a neonatal checkup within 24 h for their youngest child. Logistic regression models were applied to assess for associations. Sixty-seven percent of women reported having at least one mobile phone in the family. Women who had a mobile phone were significantly more likely to be of higher socioeconomic status and to utilize maternal and newborn health services. However, after adjusting socioeconomic factors, household mobile phone ownership was not independently associated with any of the dependent variables. Evaluations of the effects of mHealth programs on health in a population need to consider the likelihood of socioeconomic differentials indicated by mobile phone ownership.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of different basil essential oils chemotypes from Togo

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Koffi Koba

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The aerial parts essential oils of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae from Togo were steam-distilled and investigated for their percentage composition (GC and GC/MS and in vitro antimicrobial activities. Five oil chemotypes were identified and classified as follows in line with their principal components: estragole type; linalool/estragole type; methyleugenol type; methyleugenol/t-anethole type; t-anethole type. The in vitro microbiological experiments revealed that only the methyleugenol and methyleugenol/t-anethole chemotypes were active against tested fungi and bacteria. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC ranged from 80 to 150 µl.l-1 and from 200 to 500 µl.l-1 respectively. Likewise, on tested bacteria the MIC varied from 200 µl.l-1 to 400 µl.l-1 and from 250 to 500 µl.l-1 respectively. These findings are supportive of the potential of both basil oil chemotypes for use as active ingredients in natural antibiotic drugs.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of different basil essential oils chemotypes from Togo

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Koffi Koba

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The aerial parts essential oils of Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae from Togo were steam-distilled and investigated for their percentage composition (GC and GC/MS and in vitro antimicrobial activities. Five oil chemotypes were identified and classified as follows in line with their principal components: estragole type; linalool/estragole type; methyleugenol type; methyleugenol/t-anethole type; t-anethole type. The in vitro microbiological experiments revealed that only the methyleugenol and methyleugenol/t-anethole chemotypes were active against tested fungi and bacteria. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC ranged from 80 to 150 µl.l-1 and from 200 to 500 µl.l-1 respectively. Likewise, on tested bacteria the MIC varied from 200 µl.l-1 to 400 µl.l-1 and from 250 to 500 µl.l-1 respectively. These findings are supportive of the potential of both basil oil chemotypes for use as active ingredients in natural antibiotic drugs.

Erodibility of cement-stabilized tropical soils in highway engineering in Togo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eklu-Natey, T.E.D.

1992-01-01

This work contains a methodical study on the suceptibility to weather of cement-stabilized tropical soils of Togo by simulating on the one hand the climatic conditions of the original surroundings and on the other hand the variations occuring in situ of the degree of saturation and compaction. The chosen tests ensure for the first time a simple execution and at the same time reproducible numerical values of the results achieved. From results of the slaking, erosion, adhesion, durability and swelling tests clear parameters and classification criteria were derived which help to forecast the susceptibility to weather of soils in tropical climates. A method for the determination of the reaction to water of soils is proposed consisting of a particular process of derivation and interpretation of the consistency value for a given swelling rate. Moreover a possibility is recommended with which the time-consuming and expensive mineralogical analyses which were frequently used in the past for torpical soils can be avoided. The proposed evaluation criteria provides civil engineers working in permanently moist, arid or intermittently moist tropical regions with practical and theoretical bases for the estimation of the erodibility of soils. (orig./BBR) [de

Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) in a health system: what are the roles, benefits and challenges: A case study of incorporated TBA in Timor-Leste

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro Sarmento, Decio

2014-01-01

Background One current strategy to overcome the issue of shortage of qualified health workers has focused on the use of community health workers in the developing countries to deliver health care services specifically to the most vulnerable communities in the rural areas. Timor-Leste is the one of the world’s newest developing countries that has incorporated the traditional birth attendance in its health system through a family health promoter initiative in response to reproductive and child ...

Representations of body and violence: the invention of "domestic violence" in East Timor

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Daniel Schroeter Simião

2007-01-01

Full Text Available East Timor is now faced to a strong social and political change, which implies, on gender issues, the building of a new morality about domestic physical aggression. Based on the local translation of gender equality principles ? seen as universal values ? a set of actions against domestic violence is questioning local practices and attitudes regarding representations of body, gender and sexuality, such as polygamy, the obligations to childbirth and the responsibilities on contraception. Based on one year fieldwork in the country, this paper discusses the way the knowledge of experts on the field of gender and development reflects upon political projects which contribute to the shaping of a specific way of experiencing the body, inscribing physical punishment into a new universe of meanings, many of them considerably different from those in force at the countryside. Conflicts and syntheses emerged from this process show the importance of being aware of the relationship of the building of local identities faced to broader political and symbolic disputes as well as the limits of the binding of local practices and values thought as universal ones.

Forage Food of Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis in Manokwari, West Papua

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AYS Arobaya

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Traditionally, back yard deer husbandry is well developed in some parts in Papua, though information on deer husbandry has not been provided yet. Therefore, this study was aimed at highlighting the diet provided to the deer in back yard husbandry model in Manokwari. Survey method was approached by visiting eight deer back yard farmer respondents. Direct observation to the feeding site and semi-structured interview were carried out to learn about the deer management system, and identify the forage diet species consumed and served to the animals. The results indicated five most common forage species consumed in the study; they were field grass, Imperata (Imperata cylindrica, elephant grass (Penisetum purpureum, king grass (Penisetum purpureopoidhes and Melinis minutiflora depending on the location of farmed deer. Drinking water was offered and feed supplement such as various leafs, food and vegetable left over and banana peel was provided by 62.5% of the respondents. Food supplement was given two times per day (morning, evening and (afternoon, evening. Forage food species consumed in the study sites were relatively more similar to the food in the natural habitat. (Animal Production 12(2: 91-95 (2010Key Words: forage, food, Timor deer, Manokwari

Early modern human lithic technology from Jerimalai, East Timor.

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Marwick, Ben; Clarkson, Chris; O'Connor, Sue; Collins, Sophie

2016-12-01

Jerimalai is a rock shelter in East Timor with cultural remains dated to 42,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest known sites of modern human activity in island Southeast Asia. It has special global significance for its record of early pelagic fishing and ancient shell fish hooks. It is also of regional significance for its early occupation and comparatively large assemblage of Pleistocene stone artefacts. Three major findings arise from our study of the stone artefacts. First, there is little change in lithic technology over the 42,000 year sequence, with the most noticeable change being the addition of new artefact types and raw materials in the mid-Holocene. Second, the assemblage is dominated by small chert cores and implements rather than pebble tools and choppers, a pattern we argue pattern, we argue, that is common in island SE Asian sites as opposed to mainland SE Asian sites. Third, the Jerimalai assemblage bears a striking resemblance to the assemblage from Liang Bua, argued by the Liang Bua excavation team to be associated with Homo floresiensis. We argue that the near proximity of these two islands along the Indonesian island chain (c.100 km apart), the long antiquity of modern human occupation in the region (as documented at Jerimalai), and the strong resemblance of distinctive flake stone technologies seen at both sites, raises the intriguing possibility that both the Liang Bua and Jerimalai assemblages were created by modern humans. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Indigenous round houses versus 'healthy houses': health, place and identity among the Dawan of West Timor, Indonesia.

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Kambaru Windi, Yohanes; Whittaker, Andrea

2012-09-01

Qualitative research was undertaken among Dawan people living in Fatumnasi, West Timor, to investigate the reasons for the Dawan's retention of traditional houses, ume kbubu, in the face of a national development campaign to introduce modern, "healthy" homes (rumah sehat). Indoor smoke pollution from internal fires and poor ventilation is believed to contribute to poor respiratory health among this population. The study explored Dawan cultural constructions of health to find that ume kbubu are fundamental to the Dawan's sense of psychosocial well-being and ethnic identity. While rumah sehat are associated with prosperity, public image and social status they do not provide the warmth, security and emotional nurturance that the Dawan perceive as necessary for optimum health and to protect them from disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Morbidity and mortality due to malaria in Est Mono district, Togo, from 2005 to 2010: a times series analysis

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Landoh Essoya D

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In 2004, Togo adopted a regional strategy for malaria control that made use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs, followed by the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT. Community health workers (CHWs became involved in 2007. In 2010, the impact of the implementation of these new malaria control strategies had not yet been evaluated. This study sought to assess the trends of malaria incidence and mortality due to malaria in Est Mono district from 2005 to 2010. Methods Secondary data on confirmed and suspected malaria cases reported by health facilities from 2005 to 2010 were obtained from the district health information system. Rainfall and temperature data were provided by the national Department of Meteorology. Chi square test or independent student’s t-test were used to compare trends of variables at a 95% confidence interval. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to assess the effect of meteorological factors and the use of ACT and CHWs on morbidity and mortality due to malaria. Results From January 2005 to December 2010, 114,654 malaria cases (annual mean 19,109 ± 6,622 were reported with an increase of all malaria cases from 10,299 in 2005 to 26,678 cases in 2010 (p Conclusion This study showed an increase of malaria prevalence despite the implementation of the use of ACT and CHW strategies. Multicentre data analysis over longer periods should be carried out in similar settings to assess the impact of malaria control strategies on the burden of the disease. Integrated malaria vector control management should be implemented in Togo to reduce malaria transmission.

The associations between water and sanitation and hookworm infection using cross-sectional data from Togo's national deworming program.

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Baker, Julia M; Trinies, Victoria; Bronzan, Rachel N; Dorkenoo, Ameyo M; Garn, Joshua V; Sognikin, Sêvi; Freeman, Matthew C

2018-03-01

Sustainable control of soil-transmitted helminths requires a combination of chemotherapy treatment and environmental interventions, including access to safe drinking water, sufficient water for hygiene, use of clean sanitation facilities, and handwashing (WASH). We quantified associations between home-, school-, and community-level WASH characteristics and hookworm infection-both prevalence and eggs per gram of stool (intensity)-among Togolese school children in the context of community-based chemotherapy treatments administered in the country from 2010 through 2014. We analyzed data from two surveys conducted by the Togo Ministry of Health: a school-based survey of students aged 6-9 years across Togo conducted in 2009 and a follow-up survey in 2015, after four to five years of preventive chemotherapy. Data were available for 16,473 students attending 1,129 schools in 2009 and for 16,890 students from 1,126 schools in 2015. Between surveys, children in study schools received 0 to 8 rounds of deworming chemotherapy treatments. Few WASH conditions (only unimproved drinking water) were found to be significantly associated with the presence or absence of hookworms in an individual; however, quantitative eggs per gram of feces was associated with availability of unimproved drinking water, availability of improved drinking water either on or off school grounds, having a handwashing station with water available, and access to a sex-separate non-private or private latrine. The association between school WASH conditions and hookworm infection or burden often depended on the 2009 prevalence of infection, as more WASH characteristics were found to be significant predictors of infection among schools with high underlying endemicity of hookworm. Our findings emphasize the complex and often inconsistent or unpredictable relationship between WASH and hookworm. Specifically, we found that while preventive chemotherapy appeared to dramatically reduce hookworm infection, WASH was

Distribution of the horticultural plants in togo according to decorative parts and medical value

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Radji, R.; Kokou, K

2014-01-01

In Togo, more than six hundred species of horticultural plants were identified belonging to approximately 59% of Dicotyledons (49 families, 145 genera and 315 species) and 37.37% were monocotyledons. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms accounted for less than 6%. The spectrum of morphological types indicated that herbs accounted for 55%, while trees and shrubs were 15%. More than 50% of the species of this flora were exotic. The species distributions were made according to their decorative parts and their place of use. Across the country, 55 plantings were recorded and unevenly distributed in cities. Apart from their ornamental use, these plants were used for feeding, traditional and industrial cosmetics in psychotherapy, horticultural therapy and in traditional and conventional medicine preparation. In this study, 79 species from 39 families are reported as medicinal plants. The Apocynaceae and Fabaceae (6 species), the Euphorbiaceae and Liliaceae (5 species), the Arecaceae and Verbenaceae (4 species) were the best represented families. (author)

PERFORMANCE OF BALI BULL IN GREENLOT FATTENING BY FARMERS WHEN RAINY SEASON IN TIMOR ISLAND

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P.K. Tahuk

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research was to determine the performance of Bali bull in rainy season underfeedlotting management on farmer level in Timor Island. Twenty Bali bulls with 2.0-2.5 years old on thebasis of teeth eruption were used in this study. Feed for animals was field grass, king grass and cornstraw. The type, quantity and quality of feed given in accordance with the habits of farmers in thefattened cattle. Research was conducted by direct observation in farmer management during rainyseason. Data measured were daily gain, feed consumption and feed conversion. The data collected wastabulated and analyzed descriptively. The result showed that the average of daily gain weight was 0.53kg/head/d, dry matter intake was 3.88 kg/head/d and feed conversion was 7.55 kg DM/kg daily gain. Inconclusion, performance of Bali bull fattened at farmers level with forage in the rainy season could beimproved.

Application of Natural Air Drying on Shelled Corn in Timor

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Nino, J.; Nelwan, L. O.; Purwanto, Y. A.

2018-05-01

A study of the application of natural air drying on shelled corn in Timor using a bed- type dryer has been performed. The study aspects were limited to obtain the suitable air flow rate requirement and duration of the drying operation per day. For each aspect, the treatments were carried out simultaneously. The results showed that at the average ambient air temperature of 30.6°C and relative humidity (RH) of 73.0% the air flow rate of 0.83 L/s-kg provided the highest drying rate. Subsequently, by using the same air flow rate, three scheme of drying operations duration were used, i.e., 8 hours per day (08.00-16.00), 6 hours per day (09.00-15.00) and 4 hours per day (10.00-14.00). The average temperature and RH of ambient air condition at the second experiment were 30.3°C and 73.3% respectively. After 4 days of drying, the 8 hours per day (first scheme) treatment was able to dry the shelled corn from the initial moisture content of 27.24% w.b. to the final moisture content of 14.05% w.b. The specific energy consumption (SEC) of the first scheme was 1.75 MJ/kg. The final moisture content of the second and third schemes were 15.08 % w.b. and 18.45 % w.b. respectively with SEC of 1.41 MJ/kg and 1.21 MJ/kg respectively.

Solid waste characterization in Ketao, a rural town in Togo, West Africa.

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Edjabou, Maklawe Essonanawe; Møller, Jacob; Christensen, Thomas H

2012-07-01

In Africa the majority of solid waste data is for big cities. Small and rural towns are generally neglected and waste data from these areas are often unavailable, which makes planning a proper solid waste management difficult. This paper presents the results from two waste characterization projects conducted in Kétao, a rural town in Togo during the rainy season and the dry season in 2010. The seasonal variation has a significant impact on the waste stream. The household waste generation rate was estimated at 0.22 kg person(-1) day(-1) in the dry season and 0.42 in the rainy season. Likewise, the waste moisture content was 4% in the dry season while it was 33-63% in the rainy season. The waste consisted mainly of soil and dirt characterized as 'other' (41%), vegetables and putrescibles (38%) and plastic (11%). In addition to these fractions, considerable amounts of material are either recycled or reused locally and do not enter the waste stream. The study suggests that additional recycling is not feasible, but further examination of the degradability of the organic fraction is needed in order to assess whether the residual waste should be composed or landfilled.

[Larval biology of Cyrnea (Cyrnea) eurycerca Seurat, 1914, a habronemid nematode parasite of the francolin in Togo].

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Seureau, C; Quentin, J C

1983-01-01

Larval biology of the habronemid nematode Cyrnea (Cyrnea) eurycerca Seurat, 1914, parasite of the Double-spurred Francolin Francolinus bicalcaratus, in Togo, is experimentally studied with the orthopteran Acrididae Tylotropidius patagiatus Karsch as intermediate host. The first three larval stages are described and illustrated. Infective larvae, which occur after two weeks of development at 30 degrees C, are unusually large (3 mm). The biology of this habronemid nematode is compared with the biology of the other Spirurids. It differs by: --an asynchronous penetration of the first stage larvae in the insect adipose tissue, --a short stay in this tissue (about 5 days) with a cell reaction of encapsulation, followed by an active escape of second stage larvae out of their capsule, --free and movable infective larvae in the hemocoele of the insect.

Molecular detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans in the environment and its relationship with Buruli ulcer occurrence in Zio and Yoto districts of maritime region in Togo.

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Maman, Issaka; Tchacondo, Tchadjobo; Kere, Abiba Banla; Beissner, Marcus; Badziklou, Kossi; Tedihou, Ekanao; Nyaku, Edith; Amekuse, Komi; Wiedemann, Franz Xaver; Karou, Damintoti Simplice; Bretzel, Gisela

2018-05-01

Buruli Ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Residence near aquatic areas has been identified as an important source of transmission of M. ulcerans with increased risk of contracting Buruli ulcer. However, the reservoir and the mode of transmission are not yet well known. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of M. ulcerans in the environment and its relationship with Buruli ulcer occurrence in Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region in south Togo. A total of 219 environmental samples including soil (n = 119), water (n = 65), biofilms/plants (n = 29) and animals' feces (n = 6) were collected in 17 villages of Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region in Togo. DNA of M. ulcerans including IS2404 and IS2606 insertions sequences and mycolactone ketoreductase-B gene (KR-B) was detected using real time PCR amplification (qPCR) technique. In parallel, clinical samples of patients were tested to establish a comparison of the genetic profile of M. ulcerans between the two types of samples. A calibration curve was generated for IS2404 from a synthetic gene of M. ulcerans Transposase pMUM001, the plasmid of virulence. In the absence of inhibition of the qPCR, 6/219 (2.7%) samples were tested positive for M. ulcerans DNA containing three sequences (IS2404/IS2606/KR-B). Positive samples of M. ulcerans were consisting of biofilms/plants (3/29; 10.3%), water (1/65; 1.7%) and soil (2/119; 1.5%). Comparative analysis between DNA detected in environmental and clinical samples from BU patients showed the same genetic profile of M. ulcerans in the same environment. All these samples were collected in the environment of Haho and Zio rivers in the maritime region. This study confirms the presence of M. ulcerans in the environment of the Zio and Yoto districts of the maritime region of Togo. This may explain partially, the high rates of Buruli ulcer patients in this region. Also, water, plants and soil along the rivers

[Biological cycle of Cyrnea (Procyrnea) mansoni Seurat, 1914, a habronemid nematode parasite of birds of prey in Togo].

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Quentin, J C; Seureau, C; Railhac, C

1983-01-01

A habronemid nematode in birds of prey, Milvus migrans Bonaparti and Accipiter badius Linné, in Togo, is identified as Cyrnea (Procyrnea) mansioni (Seurat, 1914). Larval development is experimentally studied in the orthopteran Acrididae Tylotropidius patagiatus Karsch. The first three larval stages are described and illustrated. The biology of this spiruroid nematode is distinguished by the unusual rapidity of larval development (infective larvae at 10 days). Comparison of the life cycle of C. mansioni with life cycles of other Habronemid Nematodes parasitizing birds, points out an evolution of larvae from primitive forms of large size and slow development to evolved forms of small size and rapid development. Observations concerning the encapsulation of infective larvae in the intermediate host confirm this larval evolution.

Tectonometamorphic evolution of Ghana, Togo and Benin in the light of the Pan-African/Brasiliano orogeny

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Castaing, C.; Triboulet, C.; Feybesse, J. L.; Chèvremont, P.

1993-02-01

The South Pan-African belt of West Africa (Ghana, Togo and Benin province) can be divided into three domains: (1) the external nappes thrust over the West African craton, derived from passive-margin sedimentary deposits (Middle to Late Proterozoic) and displaying middle- to high-pressure metamorphism, such as the Kanté and Atacora nappes; (2) the intermediate nappes including the suture-zone rocks with eclogitic assemblages (protoliths ca. 800 Ma), and mainly monocyclic metasedimentary rock and orthogneiss, that are found in central Togo and northwest Benin; (3) the internal nappes composed of high-grade commonly anatectic gneiss (anatexis ca. 600 Ma), including orthogneiss (Eburnian plutons), elongated granulite belts, reworked Archean basement, and an intrusive granite and charnockite association (ca. 600 Ma), which are exposed in Benin and Nigeria. The P- T- t- d paths calculated from rocks in these three domains show a prograde-retrograde evolution: (1) an initial clockwise evolution related to an early burial stage ( HP- HT in the intermediate nappes) followed by oblique thrusting in a SW direction, that caused nappe stacking and subsequent uplift; (2) a second anti-clockwise evolution with late temperature and pressure increases, only recorded in the more internal units. This temperature increase was a consequence of the previous crustal thickening with subsequent doming, extension and anatexis. The pressure increase was related to movement along the Kandi fault, working as a dextral strike-slip fault with a transpressional component under late E-W shortening. The retrograde trend corresponds to the final uplift. The evolution of the belt can thus be divided into three successive stages: (1) a first stage was characterized by an oblique collision inducing SW oblique thrusting with associated syn-foliation reverse metamorphism; (2) during a second stage anatectic doming took place; followed by (3) a third stage at still high temperature with dextral wrench

An Enduring Shell Artefact Tradition from Timor-Leste: Oliva Bead Production from the Pleistocene to Late Holocene at Jerimalai, Lene Hara, and Matja Kuru 1 and 2.

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Michelle C Langley

Full Text Available In this paper, we describe 485 Oliva spp. shell beads recovered from four archaeological cave sites Jerimalai, Lene Hara, Matja Kuru 1, and Matja Kuru 2, located in Timor-Leste, Island Southeast Asia. While Pleistocene-aged examples of modified marine shells used for personal ornamentation are common in African and Eurasian assemblages, they are exceedingly rare in Southeast Asia, leading some researchers to suggest that these Modern Human societies were less complex than those found further west. In Timor-Leste, the lowest Oliva bead to be recovered was directly dated to ca. 37,000 cal. BP, making it the oldest piece of personal ornamentation in Southeast Asia. Morphometric, taphonomic, use wear, and residue analyses of these beads alongside modern reference specimens, and experimentally made examples indicate that the Oliva shells were modified to be strung consecutively (as in a necklace, and while their mode of production changed remarkably little over the thousands of years they were utilised, an increase in their deposition around 6,000 cal. BP suggests that there was a change in their use coinciding with sea-level stabilisation. These tiny beads demonstrate that early Island Southeast Asian societies produced the same kinds of symbolic material culture we have come to expect from the more intensively studied African/Eurasian region, and that limited sampling and poor recovery methods have biased our perspectives of this region.

‘A Bit of a Grope’: Gender, Sex and Racial Boundaries in Transitional East Timor

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Roslyn Appleby

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper considers the gender positioning of white Australian women working on aid projects in East Timor during the military and aid intervention of 2000-2002. Drawing on interviews with women employed in English language teaching programs, I compare the positions women adopted in relation to their engagement with men in the foreign intervention/occupation community and with men in the local Timorese community. From the women’s perspective, the intervention was constructed as patriarchal regime that carried the gendered legacy of an earlier colonial era. This context provided a challenging domain for women development workers, as they juggled often conflicting discourses of gender equality and cultural sensitivity in their relations with men in the community of foreign occupiers, and with local Timorese men. The women’s self positioning in relation to these two groups varied markedly: while they readily rejected the behaviour and attitudes of foreign men as sexist and patriarchal, their response to Timorese men was more complex and ambivalent, demonstrating an awareness of their own inappropriacy as foreign intruders in this space.

Analysis of CDM Projects' Portfolio in West African Economic and Monetary Union - Regional Baseline Assessment in Energy Sector. Case Study: Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo

OpenAIRE

Satoguina, Honorat

2006-01-01

This study analyses current energy projects in Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo. Based on the size of these projects, the study shows that currently, only small scale CDM projects can be developed in these countries in energy sectors. Moreover, baseline emissions factors are assessed for the different electricity grids. These baselines are very low in interconnected grids in cities, while they are relatively high for isolated and non-connected utilities in remote areas. Consequently, count...

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI DAYA TARIK WISATA PULAU ATAURO DI DISTRIK DILI, TIMOR-LESTE

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Miguel Da Costa Costa Gomes

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The island of Atauro is a tourist destination located in Dili    District of East Timor.The island has big potential for tourist attractions that deserves to be further developed to be tourist destinations. This study aims to investigate the potential tourist attractions, the internal and external environmental conditions as well as to formulate strategies and programs for sustainable tourism development. This study used IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis System and EFAS (External Factor Analysis System are used. This study applies planning theory, tourism area life cycle by Butler, planning and Participation Theory. Data are collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires.The results showed that there is potential to further develop some tourist attractions in Atauro to be sustainable tourism. Unspoiled natural view, underwater panoramic, extended coral-reef with varieties of fishes, forest with various birds, unique social and cultural life are some of the potential areas for development. The analysis on internal and external environment showed that Atauro is categorized into cell I Grow and Development (the concentration is via vertical integration. The potential for tourism in Atauro Island mainly lays in marine, culture, beaches, history, biking, spring water, seaweed cultivation, cave, spirituality, and sightseeing adventure. The strongest factor of internal environmental condition is the panoramic view, while the weakest factor is the inadequate facilities and infrastructure.

“Amor virtutis” – “timor disciplinae” [Vocazione etica e precettività disciplinare

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Piero Bellini

2016-12-01

SOMMARIO: 1. «Deus summus Legislator: summus Iudex» - 2. «Bene facere: bonum facere» - 3. «Lex divina ad hoc ordinat hominem ut sit totaliter subditus Deo» - 4. «Opus operantis: opus operatum» - 5. «Sine dilectione boni nullus Deo placere potest» - 6.«Sollicitudo sacerdotalis: sollicitudo praelatitia» - 7. «A Deo omnia, et in Deum»: «nulla vita est quae non sit a Deo» - 8. «Sine dilectione boni nullusDeo placere potest» - 9. «Voluntas facit opus meritorium, non opus voluntatem» - 10. «Deus agit in homines per homines» - 11. «Homines vident ea quae parent: Deus autem intuetur cor» - 12. «Quodlibet factum vel dictum potest esse scandalum» - 13. «Non sunt mali cogendi ad bonum» - 14. «Animus non est cogendus, sed cogenda est actio» - 15. «Coacta servitia Deo non placent» - 16. «Quicumque ad bonum cogitur solo timore non amore ducitur» - 17. «quies fidelium: ordo constitutus» - 18. «Discrimen soporis animae».

[Refractive errors among schoolchildren in the central region of Togo].

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Nonon Saa, K B; Atobian, K; Banla, M; Rédah, T; Maneh, N; Walser, A

2013-11-01

Untreated refractive errors represent the main visual impairment in the world but also the easiest to avoid. The goal of this survey is to use clinical and epidemiological data to efficiently plan distribution of corrective glasses in a project supported by the Swiss Red Cross in the central region of Togo. To achieve this goal, 66 primary schools were identified randomly in the catchment area of the project. The teachers at these schools were previously trained to test visual acuity (VA). The schoolchildren referred by these teachers were examined by eye care professionals. The schoolchildren with ametropia (VA≤7/10 in at least one eye) underwent cycloplegic autorefraction. Of a total of 19,252 registered schoolchildren, 13,039 underwent VA testing by the teachers (participation rate=68%). Among them, 366 cases of ametropia were identified (prevalence about 3%). The average age of the schoolchildren examined was 10.7±2.3years, with a sex ratio of 1.06. Autorefraction, which was performed for 37% of the schoolchildren with ametropia allowed them to be classified into three groups: hyperopia (4%), myopia (5%) and astigmatism of all types (91%). Regardless of the type of ametropia, the degree of severity was mild in 88%. The results of this survey have highlighted the importance of the teachers' contribution to eye care education in the struggle against refractive errors within the school environment, as well as helping to efficiently plan actions against ametropia. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento e Educação: um estudo preliminar sobre os desafios e possibilidades a partir da experiência compartilhada entre Brasil e Timor-Leste

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Maria Denise Guedes

2016-10-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795X.2016v34n2p365 O presente artigo visa à sistematização dos resultados de estudos preliminares sobre os desafios e possibilidades de desenvolvimento de um trabalho de cooperação internacional compartilhada em Timor-Leste. Nesse sentido, partindo da problematização do papel da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento nos países em desenvolvimento, tem-se como hipótese inicial que, após a restauração da independência, em 2002, e com a chegada das agências internacionais de cooperação, que aportaram em Timor-Leste com o objetivo de “ajudar” na construção do Estado-Nação, o maior desafio que o país vive é o enfrentamento da contradição entre, por um lado, atender às exigências das agências internacionais, capitaneadas pela Organização das Nações Unidas e pelo Banco Mundial, para colocar o Estado timorense e suas instituições nos trilhos da “globalização” e, por outro, defender e preservar sua identidade cultural. Portanto, com base em estudos de natureza bibliográfica, nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da dialética marxista e no pensamento de Paulo Freire, bem como na experiência vivida pelos autores por meio do Programa de Qualificação de Docentes e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa em Timor-Leste, conclui-se que o compromisso, a vontade política e o respeito pelas diferenças culturais entre os agentes envolvidos nas ações de cooperação são ingredientes necessários para superar os desafios e avançar na construção de uma relação de cooperação internacional compartilhada.

Closing the delivery gaps in pediatric HIV care in Togo, West Africa: using the care delivery value chain framework to direct quality improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

Fiori, Kevin; Schechter, Jennifer; Dey, Monica; Braganza, Sandra; Rhatigan, Joseph; Houndenou, Spero; Gbeleou, Christophe; Palerbo, Emmanuel; Tchangani, Elfamozo; Lopez, Andrew; Bensen, Emily; Hirschhorn, Lisa R

2016-03-01

Providing quality care for all children living with HIV/AIDS remains a global challenge and requires the development of new healthcare delivery strategies. The care delivery value chain (CDVC) is a framework that maps activities required to provide effective and responsive care for a patient with a particular disease across the continuum of care. By mapping activities along a value chain, the CDVC enables managers to better allocate resources, improve communication, and coordinate activities. We report on the successful application of the CDVC as a strategy to optimize care delivery and inform quality improvement (QI) efforts with the overall aim of improving care for Pediatric HIV patients in Togo, West Africa. Over the course of 12 months, 13 distinct QI activities in Pediatric HIV/AIDS care delivery were monitored, and 11 of those activities met or exceeded established targets. Examples included: increase in infants receiving routine polymerase chain reaction testing at 2 months (39-95%), increase in HIV exposed children receiving confirmatory HIV testing at 18 months (67-100%), and increase in patients receiving initial CD4 testing within 3 months of HIV diagnosis (67-100%). The CDVC was an effective approach for evaluating existing systems and prioritizing gaps in delivery for QI over the full cycle of Pediatric HIV/AIDS care in three specific ways: (1) facilitating the first comprehensive mapping of Pediatric HIV/AIDS services, (2) identifying gaps in available services, and (3) catalyzing the creation of a responsive QI plan. The CDVC provided a framework to drive meaningful, strategic action to improve Pediatric HIV care in Togo.

Contribuições para a Construção de Materiais Didácticos para o Ensino do Português, por Professores Timorenses, no Ensino Secundário Técnico-Vocacional de Timor-Leste

OpenAIRE

Baltazar, Alexandra Maria Fernandes

2014-01-01

A presente dissertação, inserida no âmbito do Mestrado em Português como Língua Estrangeira e Língua Segunda (PLELS), pretende apresentar um enquadramento da situação do ensino da língua portuguesa (LP) no Ensino Secundário Técnico-Vocacional (ESTV) de Timor-Leste (TL), relacionando-o com os materiais didáticos.

Intermittent explosive disorder amongst women in conflict affected Timor-Leste: associations with human rights trauma, ongoing violence, poverty, and injustice.

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Rees, Susan; Silove, Derrick; Verdial, Teresa; Tam, Natalino; Savio, Elisa; Fonseca, Zulmira; Thorpe, Rosamund; Liddell, Belinda; Zwi, Anthony; Tay, Kuowei; Brooks, Robert; Steel, Zachary

2013-01-01

Women in conflict-affected countries are at risk of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. No studies have investigated the association between experiences of abuse and injustice and explosive anger amongst women in these settings, and the impact of anger on women's health, family relationships and ability to participate in development. A mixed methods study including an epidemiological survey (n = 1513, 92.6% response) and qualitative interviews (n = 77) was conducted in Timor-Leste. The indices measured included Intermittent Explosive Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; severe distress; days out of role (the number of days that the person was unable to undertake normal activities); gender-specific trauma; conflict/violence; poverty; and preoccupations with injustice. Women with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (n = 184, 12.2%) were more disabled than those without the disorder (for >5 days out of role, 40.8% versus 31.5%, X(2) (2) = 12.93 p = 0.0016). Multivariable associations with Intermittent Explosive Disorder, controlling for the presence of PTSD, psychological distress and other predictors in the model, included the sense of being sick (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.08-2.77); victimization as a result of helping the resistance movement (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.48-3.68); war-related trauma specific to being a woman (OR 1.95, 95%, CI 1.09-3.50); ongoing family violence and community conflict (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27-2.77); extreme poverty (OR 1.23, 95%, CI 1.08-1.39); and distressing preoccupations with injustice (relating to 2/3 historical periods, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35-3.28). In the qualitative study, women elaborated on the determinants of anger and its impact on their health, family and community functioning, child-rearing, and capacity to engage in development. Women reflected on the strategies that might help them overcome their anger. Intermittent Explosive Disorder is prevalent and disabling amongst women in conflict-affected Timor

[Lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey in schools three years after stopping mass drug treatment with albendazole and ivermectin in the 7 endemic districts in Togo].

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Dorkenoo, A M; Sodahlon, Y K; Bronzan, R N; Yakpa, K; Sossou, E; Ouro-Medeli, A; Teko, M; Seim, A; Mathieu, E

2015-08-01

The aim of this study is to verify the level of transmission of lymphatic filariasis three years after stopping mass drug treatment in the 7 endemic districts in Togo. The survey was conducted in 2012 in Togo's 7 endemic districts grouped into four evaluation units (EU) using the WHO-recommended transmission assessment survey (TAS) protocol. Children aged 6-7 years were screened for Wuchereria bancofti antigen using the immunochromatographic card (ICT) method. A cluster sampling method was used to select eligible children in schools as the net primary-school enrolment ratio is greater than or equal to 75% in each of the four EUs. The number of children and schools to be selected in each EU, the randomization list for the selection of these children and the critical cut-off number of positive cases not to exceed were automatically generated using the Survey Sample Builder (SSB) tool, (NTD Support Center, Atlanta, Ga, USA). For confirmation, positive cases were subsequently tested for microfilaremia using nocturnal thick blood smear and for filarial antigen using Og4C3 antigen ELISA (TropBio ELISA Kit®, Townsville, Queensland, Australia). An EU is considered to have passed the test successfully (it is assumed that transmission can no longer be sustained), when the number of positive cases is below the critical cut-off number set by the SSB, which is roughly equivalent to 2% prevalence. Of the 1 706 children surveyed in Kpendjal-Tone's EU, 1 549 in Binah-Doufelgou's EU, 1 550 in Kozah's EU and the 1 575 in Amou-Haho's EU, 8 (0.46%), 1 (0.08%), 0 (0.00%) and 4 (0.25%) ICT positive cases respectively were detected. The number of positive ICT tests was well below 18, the critical cut number for each of the 4 EUs. All 13 ICT positive cases tested negative for nocturnal microfilaremia and Og4C3 ELISA. We conclude that all four EU passed the TAS with success, and the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti is no longer likely to be sustained in the 7 endemic districts in Togo

Predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV and AIDS at the regional hospital of Sokodé, Togo.

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Yaya, Issifou; Landoh, Dadja Essoya; Saka, Bayaki; Patchali, P'Niwè Massoubayo; Wasswa, Peter; Aboubakari, Abdoul-Samadou; N'Dri, Mathias Kouamé; Patassi, Akouda Akessiwe; Kombaté, Koussake; Pitche, Palokinam

2014-12-19

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is beneficial in reducing the risk of emergence of HIV resistant strains. Adherence to ART among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is influenced by several factors related to the patient, the medication, and health facilities. In Togo, previous studies on adherence to ART have reported good adherence to ART during the first year of follow-up. However these may hide many disparities dues to cultural specificities which may differ across geographic areas of the country. We sought to determine the level of adherence to ART and document the associated factors among PLWHA at the regional hospital of Sokodé, Togo. This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from May to July 2013 at the regional hospital of Sokodé among 291 PLWHA who had been on ART for at least three months before the study. A total of 291 PLWHA on ART were enrolled in the study. The mean age (±SD) was 37.3 ± 9.3 years and the sex ratio (Male/Female) was 0.4. Among them, 195 (67.0%) were living with their partners and 210 (72.2%) had formal education. Two-thirds (194/291; 66.7%) of the PLWHA interviewed lived in urban areas. The global adherence to ART was 78.4%; the factors associated with ART adherence were: level of education (aOR = 3.54; p = 0.027), alcohol consumption (aOR = 0.43; p = 0.033), ART perception (aOR = 2.90; p = 0.026) and HIV status disclosure to sexual partner (aOR = 7.19; p ≤ 0.001). Although the level of adherence to ART in this study was higher than those reported in some studies in Sub-Saharan Africa, it remains sub-optimal and needs improvement. This may therefore hinder the implementation of efficient interventions related to access to ART services.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTATION ON BUSINESS STRATEGY AND PERFORMANCE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A STUDY IN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA

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Fina Y.

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This research aims to explain the Influence of Social Capital, Entrepreneurship Orientation on Business Strategy and Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME. The population of this study - owners and/or managers of MSME furniture processing industry and traditional weaving industry in district of Timor Tengah Utara with a sample of 40 respondents. Sampling technique is done using simple random sampling. The analysis data technique used in this research is Partial Least Square approach. The results of this study indicate that social capital and entrepreneurship orientation have a significant effect on the business strategy and performance of MSME.

Hygienic quality of traditional processing and stability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree in Togo.

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Ameyapoh, Yaovi; de Souza, Comlan; Traore, Alfred S

2008-09-01

Microbiological and physicochemical qualities of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree production line (ripe tomato, washing, cutting, pounding, bleaching, straining, bottling and pasteurization) and its preservation in Togo, West Africa, were studied using the HACCP method. Samples generated during the steps described previously were analyzed by determining sensory, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Samples were analyzed using MPN for coliform populations and plate count methodology for other bacteria. The microorganisms involved in spoilage of the opened products were moulds of genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mucor and gram-positive Bacillus bacteria. The preserved tomato puree exhibited a pH value of 4.3, 90% water content, 0.98 water activity (aw) and an average ascorbic acid level of 27.3mg/100g. Results showed that the critical control point (CCP) of this tomato puree processing line is the pasteurization stage. The analysis of selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the preservation of bottled tomato puree indicated that this product was stable over 22 months at 29 degrees C. But the stability of the opened product stored at 29 degrees C did not exceed two months.

[Hematemesis in Togo: findings of a 12-month study in an intensive care unit].

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Djibril, A M; Tomta, K; Balaka, K; Bagny, A; M'ba, K B; Kaaga, L; Redah, D; Agbetra, A

2010-06-01

This prospective study was conducted over a 12-month period on patients who underwent upper digestive endoscopy for hematemesis in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the Tokoin University Hospital Center in Lomé, Togo. A total of 44 patients with a mean age of 44 years were included. The sex-ratio was 2.61. Risk factors included use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAI) in 16 patients (36.4%) and alcohol abuse in 13 (29.6%). At the time of admission to the ICU, 21 patients (47.7%) were in hemodynamic shock and 11 (25%) presented signs of portal hypertension. The underlying etiology was peptic ulcer in 18 cases (40.9%) including 13 cases of duodenal ulcer and 5 cases of stomach ulcer, rupture of esophageal varicosities in 8 (18.2%), gastric tumor in 6 (13.6%), Mallory Weiss syndrome in 5 (11.4%), gastritis in 4 (9,1%), and esophagitis in 3 (6.8%) due to peptic inflammation in 2 and mycotic infection in 1. The mortality rate was 45.5%. The main causes of hematemesis were peptic ulcer and rupture of esophageal varicosities. The death rate was high due to inadequate care facilities.

Kebiasaan sarapan tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

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Irma Yunawati

2016-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTBackground: School age children are the future generation. Improvement the quality of human resources should be done early. One of factors affecting the quality of human resources is the nutritional status. Breakfast contributes in nutritional intake (15-25% RDA. Skipping of breakfast makes the body decreasing of glucose. It makes body to unload supplies of energy from fat tissue and cause of weight reduction.Objectives: To determine the relationship between breakfast habits with the nutritional status of elementary school children in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province.Methods: This was an observational study with cross-sectional design. This study used the secondary data of Alma Ata Centre for Healthy Life and Food (ACHEAF 2013. The subjects were children from elementary school of classes between II-VI in Amanuban Barat and Kie Subdistrict, Timor Tengah SelatanDistrict with total sample of 313 students. Sample were selected by cluster random sampling technique using computer generated random number software. Data analysis used chi-square test with a confidence interval (CI of 95% to the level of significance of p<0.05. Analysis by logistic regression was done if itshowed significance result.Results: The proportion of breakfast habits of school children was 82.11%. Most widely consumed breakfast type (78,32% was rice (rice porridge and rice and the other (21.68% were non-rice eating breakfast (bose corn, yam/cassava, boiled bananas, instant noodles, corn porridge, bread/cooky. The contribution of breakfast energy intake is 13.94% RDA and protein intake was 14.4% RDA. There was no relationship between breakfast habits and nutritional status of elementary school children.Conclusions: Breakfast habits was not related with the nutritional status of school children in Amanuban Barat and Kie Sub-district.KEYWORDS: breakfast habits, nutritional status, school childrenABSTRAKLatar belakang: Anak usia sekolah merupakan generasi penerus

The experience of medical training and expectations regarding future medical practice of medical students in the Cuban-supported Medical School in Timor-Leste.

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Ferrinho, Paulo; Valdes, Ana C; Cabral, Jorge

2015-03-28

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the professional expectations and profile of medical students at the Cuban-supported School of General Medicine, in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the National University of Timor-Leste. A piloted, standardized questionnaire, with closed- and open-ended questions, was distributed to registered medical students attending classes on the day of the survey. All data were analysed using SPSS. The statistical analysis is mostly descriptive. Students decide to study medicine at an early age. Relatives and friends seem to have an especially important influence in encouraging, reinforcing and promoting the desire to be a doctor. The degree of feminization of the student population is high. Medical students are in general satisfied with the training received, though demanding improvements in terms of systems to support their studies and training (e.g. libraries, laboratories, access to computers and the Internet). Medical students know that they will be needed in the public sector and that it would represent their opportunity to contribute to the public's welfare. Nonetheless, they report that they expect to combine public sector practice with private work, probably, in order to improve their earnings. This may be explained by their expectations for salaries, which are much higher than the current level of public sector salaries. A significant proportion of students are unsure about their future area of specialization. Of those that have determined their desired specialization, most intend to train as hospital specialists and to follow a hospital-based career. For many, specialization is equated with migration to study abroad. There are important differences between students at the start of their training compared with more advanced students. This paper gives an overview of student expectations for alignment with stated national human resources for health priorities for Timor-Leste.

L’utilisation de l’approche CTC: quel impact sur la couverture vaccinale lors de la campagne préventive de vaccination contre la méningite A avec le MenAfriVac au Togo en 2014?

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Landoh, Dadja Essoya; Kahn, Anna-Léa; Lacle, Anani; Adjeoda, Kodjovi; Saka, Bayaki; Yaya, Issifou; Nassoury, Danladi Ibrahim; Kalao, Assima; Makawa, Makawa-Sy; Biey, Nsiari-Mueyi Joseph; Bita, Andre; Toke, Yaovi Temfa; Dörte, Petit; Imboua, Lucile; Ronveaux, Olivier

2017-01-01

Introduction Une campagne de vaccination contre la méningite A avec le vaccin MenAfriVac a été organisée dans les quatre régions septentrionales du Togo du 28 novembre au 07 décembre 2014. L'approche CTC a été utilisée pour la première fois à une grande échelle pour la campagne de vaccination dans dix districts sanitaires du Togo. L'objectif de cette étude était d'estimer la couverture vaccinale et, de déterminer l'effet de l'utilisation de la Chaîne à Température Contrôlée (CTC) sur ces couvertures vaccinales. Méthodes L'enquête s'est déroulée du 9 au 14 mars 2015, soit environ 3 mois après la fin de la campagne de vaccination dans ces quatre régions. Le sondage en grappe à deux degrés stratifiés selon les régions a été utilisé. Dans 10 districts, le Togo a fait le choix d'utiliser le vaccin MenAfriVac en CTC. Résultats Au total, 2707 ménages ont été enquêtés et 9082 personnes âgées de 1 à 29 ans ont été interviewées. L'âge moyen des personnes enquêtées était de 11,8±7,7 ans et le sex-ratio (H/F) de 1,01. Le nombre moyen de personnes par ménage était de 5,7 et celui des personnes de 1 à 29 ans ciblées par la campagne était de 3,4. Sur les 9082 personnes enquêtées, 8889 (98%) étaient vaccinées. En analyse multivariée, les facteurs associés à la couverture vaccinale avec le MenAfrivac étaient la résidence dans la zone au moment de la campagne (aOR = 4,52 ; 95%IC = [4.07 - 4.97]) et le fait d'être informé de la campagne avant son démarrage (aOR=2,42 ; 95%IC = [2.05 - 2.80]). Par contre, la couverture vaccinale n'était pas différente selon la zone ayant utilisé l'approche CTC ou non (aOR=0,09 ; 95%IC = [-0,27-0,45]). Deux cent sept personnes interrogées (2,3%) ont déclaré avoir eu une Manifestation Adverse Post Immunisation (MAPI) après l'administration du vaccin. Il s'agissait surtout de MAPI mineures à type de fièvre, d'abcès et de gonflement au point d'injection. Conclusion Les r

Ex-ante participatory research proposal assessment conducted in Southern Togo

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V. Deffo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to showcase a participatory method for assessing technical options in Southern Togo. The aim was to address farmers’ needs with respect to soil fertility problems in situations involving mixed crop-livestock farming systems. In collaboration with various stakeholders, the scientists thus assessed the potential for adopting a crop association involving maize for food (seed and fodder (straw, i.e. a mixed function plant, and Mucuna pruriens, i.e. a long-cycle legume that is cropped to produce fodder and enhance soil fertility. The chemically fertilized crop association is here referred to as MME. Participatory action research (PAR analytical tools were implemented in the four-phase method used. The first phase included an overall description of the entire study region to identify representative sites based on published information and exploratory interviews. In the second phase, the diversity of farmers was characterized through interviews with resource people at the selected sites. The third phase involved participatory selection of a range of technical options that included the MME association as well as local practices with features similar to this association, and alternative research proposals to enhance soil fertility and ensure the production of sufficient fodder to feed livestock. This selection was carried out by farmers chosen as being representative of their diversity. They were asked to rank—using notes, or pebbles because of the high illiteracy level—the different technical options presented during visits to the test plots or using visual aids. The fourth phase included an assessment of farmers’ comments on the perceived effects of the different options on agropastoral resource management (water, soil, biodiversity, their acceptability or cost-effectiveness relative to the labor cost. This method was applied in three villages in southern Togo. Six main farmer categories were identified in these

Growth rate and ring width variability of teak, Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae in an unmanaged forest in East Timor

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Vicelina B. Sousa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Teak (Tectona grandis is one of the most valuable timbers in international trade and an important species for tropical forestry. Teak is found on the island of East Timor but no information is available on teak growth from this region. A pure stand planted in 1940-50 in the North of East Timor and left unmanaged was studied. Fifteen trees were sampled in October-November 2003 and stem discs taken at three height levels of its height (1.7m, 9.5m and 18.7m, and cores were collected at DBH. Transverse surfaces of the discs and cores were polished for ring identification. Core cross sections were first digitized and disc cross sections were observed under the microscope. Three randomly selected radii were analyzed in each disc. Ring width measurement and ring counting were done using image analysis software. The distinction between heartwood and sapwood was performed macroscopically by colour difference, and heartwood radius and sapwood width were measured. The relationship between stem and heartwood radius was studied for each disc and heartwood percentage by radius was determined. Radial ring width curves are presented for the different axial positions within the stem, and ring width variability was analyzed. Growth rates were calculated and age-radius relationships were estimated using cumulative growth curves. Growth rings were large and well defined in the juvenile phase, reflecting the specie’s fast-growing character. The year-to-year variation of ring width showed a similar pattern among trees. Mean ring width ranged between 4.3-7.3mm for the first 20 years and 3.3-5.1mm for 30 to 45 years. Pith eccentricity was evident in the lower part of the stem and ring wedging occurred. On average, heartwood represented 84% of the radius and sapwood contained 6 to 11 rings. The age-related variation of ring width and the occurrence in the lower part of the tree stems of eccentricity and wedging rings, highlights the importance of appropriate stand

IRON-ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KUPANG CITY, EAST TIMOR PROVINCE.

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Yustina Anie Indriastuti Kurniawan

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Anemia is the main micronutrient deficiency problem among adolescent girls in Indonesia. Anemia due to iron deficiency often coexists with zinc deficiency. Both iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency can increase the risk of obstetric complications among pregnant women i.e. bleeding during labor and post-partum hemorrhage. Iron-folate supplementation among pregnant women had been conducting since long time ago throughout this country; however, effort to improve the nutritional status particularly among adolescent girls prior to pregnancy is still lack behind. Iron and zinc have antagonistic interaction. Therefore it was challenging to alleviate anemia problem among adolescent girls with appropriate ratio of iron-zinc supplementation, and will give a benefit to improve their nutritional status. This study was aimed to investigate the different ratios of ironzinc supplementation on reducing the prevalence of anemia as improving the nutritional status of adolescent school girls.A female elementary school students age 10-12 years old (n= 137 were screened in rural area of Kupang City, East Timor Province. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of the three groups for daily iron-zinc supplementation for 12 weeks; Group 1 (iron; 60 mg/day, Group 2 (iron and zinc; 30 mg and 15 mg/day, Group 3 (iron and zinc; 60 mg and 15 mg/day. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method (Hemocue to determine the prevalence of anemia (Hb level < 120 g/L, while anthropometric assessment was conducted for measuring weight and height to determine the nutritional status. General characteristics was assessed through interview. At base line, 29.1% of subjects suffered from anemia and in general, the prevalence was reduced to around 13.1% after they took iron supplements with or without zinc. Hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased among all subjects euther suffered from anemia or not. The result of this study showed that subject who

Políticas de língua : o ensino da língua portuguesa como instrumento de aprofundamento das relações entre Portugal (Camões IP) e Timor-Leste (2007-2013)

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Avelar, Mário José Menino

2014-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais O relatório de estágio, por nós realizado no Camões IP, responde à pergunta de partida por nós formulada: como é que o ensino da língua portuguesa tem sido um instrumento de aprofundamento das relações entre Portugal e Timor ‐ Leste? No capítulo 1 enquadramos teórico e metodologicamente a temática ...

Intermittent Explosive Disorder amongst Women in Conflict Affected Timor-Leste: Associations with Human Rights Trauma, Ongoing Violence, Poverty, and Injustice

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Rees, Susan; Silove, Derrick; Verdial, Teresa; Tam, Natalino; Savio, Elisa; Fonseca, Zulmira; Thorpe, Rosamund; Liddell, Belinda; Zwi, Anthony; Tay, Kuowei; Brooks, Robert; Steel, Zachary

2013-01-01

Introduction Women in conflict-affected countries are at risk of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. No studies have investigated the association between experiences of abuse and injustice and explosive anger amongst women in these settings, and the impact of anger on women's health, family relationships and ability to participate in development. Methods A mixed methods study including an epidemiological survey (n = 1513, 92.6% response) and qualitative interviews (n = 77) was conducted in Timor-Leste. The indices measured included Intermittent Explosive Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; severe distress; days out of role (the number of days that the person was unable to undertake normal activities); gender-specific trauma; conflict/violence; poverty; and preoccupations with injustice. Results Women with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (n = 184, 12.2%) were more disabled than those without the disorder (for >5 days out of role, 40.8% versus 31.5%, X2 (2)  = 12.93 p = 0.0016). Multivariable associations with Intermittent Explosive Disorder, controlling for the presence of PTSD, psychological distress and other predictors in the model, included the sense of being sick (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.08–2.77); victimization as a result of helping the resistance movement (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.48–3.68); war-related trauma specific to being a woman (OR 1.95, 95%, CI 1.09–3.50); ongoing family violence and community conflict (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27–2.77); extreme poverty (OR 1.23, 95%, CI 1.08–1.39); and distressing preoccupations with injustice (relating to 2/3 historical periods, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35–3.28). In the qualitative study, women elaborated on the determinants of anger and its impact on their health, family and community functioning, child-rearing, and capacity to engage in development. Women reflected on the strategies that might help them overcome their anger. Conclusions Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Intermittent explosive disorder amongst women in conflict affected Timor-Leste: associations with human rights trauma, ongoing violence, poverty, and injustice.

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Susan Rees

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: Women in conflict-affected countries are at risk of mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. No studies have investigated the association between experiences of abuse and injustice and explosive anger amongst women in these settings, and the impact of anger on women's health, family relationships and ability to participate in development. METHODS: A mixed methods study including an epidemiological survey (n = 1513, 92.6% response and qualitative interviews (n = 77 was conducted in Timor-Leste. The indices measured included Intermittent Explosive Disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder; severe distress; days out of role (the number of days that the person was unable to undertake normal activities; gender-specific trauma; conflict/violence; poverty; and preoccupations with injustice. RESULTS: Women with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (n = 184, 12.2% were more disabled than those without the disorder (for >5 days out of role, 40.8% versus 31.5%, X(2 (2 = 12.93 p = 0.0016. Multivariable associations with Intermittent Explosive Disorder, controlling for the presence of PTSD, psychological distress and other predictors in the model, included the sense of being sick (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.08-2.77; victimization as a result of helping the resistance movement (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.48-3.68; war-related trauma specific to being a woman (OR 1.95, 95%, CI 1.09-3.50; ongoing family violence and community conflict (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.27-2.77; extreme poverty (OR 1.23, 95%, CI 1.08-1.39; and distressing preoccupations with injustice (relating to 2/3 historical periods, OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.35-3.28. In the qualitative study, women elaborated on the determinants of anger and its impact on their health, family and community functioning, child-rearing, and capacity to engage in development. Women reflected on the strategies that might help them overcome their anger. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent Explosive Disorder is prevalent and

Evaluation of the Quality of Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Medicines Distributed in Ghana and Togo

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Dorcas Osei-Safo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study, conducted as part of our overall goal of regular pharmacovigilance of antimalarial medicines, reports on the quality of 132 artemisinin-based antimalarial medicines distributed in Ghana and Togo. Three methods were employed in the quality evaluation—basic (colorimetric tests for establishing the identity of the requisite active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs, semi-quantitative TLC assay for the identification and estimation of API content, and HPLC assay for a more accurate quantification of API content. From the basic tests, only one sample totally lacked API. The HPLC assay, however, showed that 83.7% of the ACTs and 57.9% of the artemisinin-based monotherapies failed to comply with international pharmacopoeia requirements due to insufficient API content. In most of the ACTs, the artemisinin component was usually the insufficient API. Generally, there was a good correlation between the HPLC and SQ-TLC assays. The overall failure rates for both locally manufactured (77.3% and imported medicines (77.5% were comparable. Similarly the unregistered medicines recorded a slightly higher overall failure rate (84.7% than registered medicines (70.8%. Only two instances of possible cross-border exchange of medicines were observed and there was little difference between the medicine quality of collections from border towns and those from inland parts of both countries.

Identifying a combined construct of grief and explosive anger as a response to injustice amongst survivors of mass conflict: A latent class analysis of data from Timor-Leste.

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Susan J Rees

Full Text Available Previous studies have identified high rates of explosive anger amongst post-conflict populations including Timor-Leste. We sought to test whether explosive anger was integrally associated with symptoms of grief amongst the Timorese, a society that has experienced extensive conflict-related losses. In 2010 and 2011 we recruited adults (n = 2964, 18-years and older, living in an urban and a rural village in Timor-Leste. We applied latent class analysis to identify subpopulations based on symptoms of explosive anger and grief. The best fitting model comprised three classes: grief (24%, grief-anger (25%, and a low symptom group (51%. There were more women and urban dwellers in the grief and grief-anger classes compared to the reference class. Persons in the grief and grief-anger classes experienced higher rates of witnessing murder and atrocities and traumatic losses, ongoing poverty, and preoccupations with injustice for the two historical periods of conflict (the Indonesian occupation and the later internal conflict. Compared to the reference class, only the grief-anger class reported greater exposure to extreme deprivations during the conflict, ongoing family conflict, and preoccupations with injustice for contemporary times; and compared to the grief class, greater exposure to traumatic losses, poverty, family conflict and preoccupations with injustice for both the internal conflict and contemporary times. A substantial number of adults in this post-conflict country experienced a combined constellation of grief and explosive anger associated with extensive traumatic losses, deprivations, and preoccupations with injustice. Importantly, grief-anger may be linked to family conflict in this post-conflict environment.

Hematologic Profile and Semen Quality of Male Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis) at Various Hierarchies

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Samsudewa, D.; Capitan, S. S.; Sevilla, C. C.; Vega, R. S. A.; Ocampo, P. P.

2018-02-01

The aim of this research was to observe hematologic profile i.e. erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit and semen quality, i.e. semen volume, sperm motility and sperm abnormality of α-male, β-male and subordinate male Timor deer raised under captivity. Twelve males (51 ± 6 months old; 68.29 ± 8.41kg body weight) at similar antler stages were use in this study. Before and after 43 days of establishment of dominance hierarchy blood were sampled after sedation for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin (mg/dL), and hematocrit (%). Likewise, semen was collected using electroejaculator and were analyzed for semen volume (ml), sperm motility (%) and sperm abnormality (%) to compare male deer at various heirarchies. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Kruskal-Wallis H test of non-parametric analysis was done. Significant difference was tested with Mann-Whitney U test. The results showed that highest count of erythrocyte shown on α and β-male (1.60 million per µL). The highest increase in hematocrit was observed in β-male (5%) and then followed by S2-male (4%). S2-male had the highest increase in hemoglobin (0.13 g/dL). The highest increase in semen volume was observed in α -male (0.75 ml). Social stress affected negatively the sperm motility and abnormality (P<0.05). The highest decrease was observed in S2-male.

An economic evaluation of the controlled temperature chain approach for vaccine logistics: evidence from a study conducted during a meningitis A vaccine campaign in Togo.

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Mvundura, Mercy; Lydon, Patrick; Gueye, Abdoulaye; Diaw, Ibnou Khadim; Landoh, Dadja Essoya; Toi, Bafei; Kahn, Anna-Lea; Kristensen, Debra

2017-01-01

A recent innovation in support of the final segment of the immunization supply chain is licensing certain vaccines for use in a controlled temperature chain (CTC), which allows excursions into ambient temperatures up to 40°C for a specific number of days immediately prior to administration. However, limited evidence exists on CTC economics to inform investments for labeling other eligible vaccines for CTC use. Using data collected during a MenAfriVac™ campaign in Togo, we estimated economic costs for vaccine logistics when using the CTC approach compared to full cold chain logistics (CCL) approach. We conducted the study in Togo's Central Region, where two districts were using the CTC approach and two relied on a fullCCL approach during the MenAfriVac™ campaign. Data to estimate vaccine logistics costs were obtained from primary data collected using costing questionnaires and from financial cost data from campaign microplans. Costs are presented in 2014 US dollars. Average logistics costs per dose were estimated at $0.026±0.032 for facilities using a CTC and $0.029±0.054 for facilities using the fullCCL approach, but the two estimates were not statistically different. However, if the facilities without refrigerators had not used a CTC but had received daily deliveries of vaccines, the average cost per dose would have increased to $0.063 (range $0.007 to $0.33), with larger logistics cost increases occurring for facilities that were far from the district. Using the CTC approach can reduce logistics costs for remote facilities without cold chain infrastructure, which is where CTC is designed to reduce logistical challenges of vaccine distribution.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and environmental risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth intensity of infection in Timor-Leste, using real time PCR.

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Campbell, Suzy J; Nery, Susana V; Wardell, Rebecca; D'Este, Catherine A; Gray, Darren J; McCarthy, James S; Traub, Rebecca J; Andrews, Ross M; Llewellyn, Stacey; Vallely, Andrew J; Williams, Gail M; Clements, Archie C A

2017-03-01

No investigations have been undertaken of risk factors for intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection in Timor-Leste. This study provides the first analysis of risk factors for intensity of STH infection, as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), examining a broad range of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and environmental factors, among communities in Manufahi District, Timor-Leste. A baseline cross-sectional survey of 18 communities was undertaken as part of a cluster randomised controlled trial, with additional identically-collected data from six other communities. qPCR was used to assess STH infection from stool samples, and questionnaires administered to collect WASH, demographic, and socioeconomic data. Environmental information was obtained from open-access sources and linked to infection outcomes. Mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression was undertaken to assess risk factors for intensity of Necator americanus and Ascaris infection. 2152 participants provided stool and questionnaire information for this analysis. In adjusted models incorporating WASH, demographic and environmental variables, environmental variables were generally associated with infection intensity for both N. americanus and Ascaris spp. Precipitation (in centimetres) was associated with increased risk of moderate-intensity (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-19.3) and heavy-intensity (ARR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1-14.1) N. americanus infection, as was sandy-loam soil around households (moderate-intensity ARR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.3; heavy-intensity ARR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.5; compared to no infection). For Ascaris, alkaline soil around the household was associated with reduced risk of moderate-intensity infection (ARR 0.21; 95% CI 0.09-0.51), and heavy-intensity infection (ARR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01-0.25). Few WASH risk factors were significant. In this high-prevalence setting, strong risk associations with environmental factors indicate that anthelmintic

Agenda Setting and Evidence in Maternal Health: Connecting Research and Policy in Timor-Leste.

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Wild, Kayli; Kelly, Paul; Barclay, Lesley; Martins, Nelson

2015-01-01

The evidence-based policy (EBP) movement has received significant attention in the scientific literature; however, there is still very little empirical research to provide insight into how policy decisions are made and how evidence is used. The lack of research on this topic in low- and middle-income countries is of particular note. We examine the maternity waiting home policy in Timor-Leste to understand the role of context, policy characteristics, individual actors, and how evidence is used to influence the policy agenda. The research tracked the maternity waiting home policy from 2005 to 2009 and is based on in-depth interviews with 31 senior policy-makers, department managers, non-government organization representatives, and United Nations advisors. It is also informed by direct observation, attendance at meetings and workshops, and analysis of policy documents. The findings from this ethnographic case study demonstrate that although the post-conflict context opened up space for new policy ideas senior Ministry of Health officials rather than donors had the most power in setting the policy agenda. Maternity waiting homes were appealing because they were a visible, non-controversial, and logical solution to the problem of accessing maternal health services. Evidence was used in a variety of ways, from supporting pre-determined agendas to informing new policy directions. In the pursuit of EBP, we conclude that the power of research to inform policy lies in its timeliness and relevance, and is facilitated by the connection between researchers and policy-makers.

The use of evidence in maternal health: Connecting research and policy in Timor-Leste

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Kayli Janine Wild

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The evidence-based policy (EBP movement has received significant attention in the scientific literature, however, there is still very little empirical research to provide insight into how policy decisions are made and how evidence is used. The lack of research on this topic in low and middle-income countries is of particular note. We examine the maternity waiting home policy in Timor-Leste to understand the role of context, policy characteristics, individual actors and how evidence is used to influence the policy agenda. The research tracked the maternity waiting home policy from 2005 to 2009 and is based on in-depth interviews with 31 senior policy-makers, department managers, non-government organisation (NGO representatives and United Nations (UN advisors. It is also informed by direct observation, attendance at meetings and workshops and analysis of policy documents. The findings from this case study demonstrate the importance of political context, policy characteristics and the power of senior Ministry of Health officials rather than donors in setting the policy agenda. Maternity waiting homes were appealing because they were a visible, non-controversial and logical solution to the problem of accessing maternal health services. Evidence was used in a variety of ways, from supporting pre-determined agendas to informing new policy directions. In the pursuit of EBP, we conclude that the power of research to inform policy lies in its timeliness and relevance, and is facilitated by the connection between researchers and policy-makers.

Construção para o desenvolvimento: sobre a elaboração do manual de boas práticas de construção para Díli, Timor-Leste

OpenAIRE

Moita, Maria Valladares Pacheco

2009-01-01

Mestrado em Desenvolvimento, Diversidades Locais e Desafios Mundiais: Análise e Gestão A presente dissertação descreve a reflexão e a análise realizadas em torno de um projecto profissional levado a cabo entre Abril e Outubro de 2009, na OIM (Organização Internacional para as Migrações) em Timor-Leste, com o objectivo de melhorar as práticas de construção em Díli. Depois dos efeitos devastadores da crise política de 2006 e dos conflitos que se seguiram, maisde 100,000 pessoa...

Characteristics of the Triassic Source Rocks of the Aitutu Formation in the (West Timor Basin

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Asep Kurnia Permana

2014-12-01

Full Text Available DOI:10.17014/ijog.v1i3.192The Triassic rocks of the (West Timor Basin have been identified that was mainly deposited in the  marine environment. The fine grained clastics and carbonate  rocks of this Triassic marine  facies are considered to be the most promising source rocks potential in this basin. In this paper we present geochemical and petrographic data from outcrop samples of the Triassic carbonate Aitutu Formation, due to emphasized the organic maturation, kerogen type of the organic matter and the origin of the organic matter.  A representative of selected sample were subjected to the Rock-Eval Pyrolisis, vitrinite reflectance and thermal alteration index, bitumen extraction, were analyzed on the GC-MS. The samples were collected from marine deposit of the Triassic Sequence. The TOC values of the analyzed sample range between rich and rich organic richness (0.51% - 9.16%, wt.%, TOC, which consists mainly of type II and III kerogen and the organic matter consider to be predominantly oil/gas prone and gas prone potential. The thermal maturity assessed from Tmax, TAI, and vitrinite reflectance shows an immature to early peak mature stage of the organic matter. The GC-MS analyses of the biomarkers indicate mainly the organic matter derived from mixed source rocks facies containing alga debris and higher plant terrestrial origin.

Sociologcal and Organizational Aspects of Fuel Wood growing in traditional Communities: The Case of Northern Togo

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Patrick Van Damme

1988-02-01

Full Text Available As in many other African countries, wood is the most important source of energy for the rural and urban populations of Togo. Traditional attitudes towards trees and prohibitive laws explain why trees are not planted "spontaneously" by local communities even though they are facing serious woodfuel shortage problems. Promotion of tree planting has recently been taken up by government agencies and foreign funded projects. Most of them try to get local communities to plant trees, but their efforts are not always very successful. The reasons are manyfold: - the lack of tradition where tree planting is concerned; - the lack of familiarity with the proposed tree species; - the "delayed reward" when trees have been planted; - the absence of a fuelwood problem, according to the local population ;                                   - the location of the newly planted trees: near the house? at the roadside ? round the field ?     - the social organization of the community, and the traditional land tenure system;                  - the lack of certainty about the ultimate rights to the tree and the possibilities to cut it;            - absence of protection of the stands by a lack of motivation of the planter;                              - in some instances: the price of the plants;                                                                          - the persons who are asked to plant the trees are not necessarily those that will have to cut        them and use the fuelwood. Recently, it has become clear that the key to successful refo- restation lies within the local communities. Small scale approaches may well be the long term solution to the problem of fuelwood and energy supply, and involving women in the project interventions a further step in a more integrated approach.  As it is, the recent "social forestry" approach might well be the long expected

Control of growth promotion (CGP) and screening for malnutrition in central region and Lomé-Commune, January to June 2013 Togo

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Touglo, Adavi Lonlon; Bouraima, Mouawiyatou; Agbozouhoue, A. Eya; Bebou, Midassirou; Tchapo, Dapou; Akolly, Koffi

2014-01-01

Full text: Background: Control of Growth Promotion (CGP) is an activity that can detect early if the child has a developmental problem and investigate the cause and take appropriate decisions to overcome the consequences. In Togo, the goal in 2013 is to weigh at least 80 % of children 0-5 years during the sessions of CGP. What are the levels achieved this goal after the first semester and the problems of malnutrition detected? Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study data collected in the quarterly reports in two regions of Togo, Lomé - Commune in the South and Central Region in the North. The study involved data from the first semester of 2013 in all districts of the two regions. Database monitoring activities at national level CGP was used. Data from the two regions were separated and analyzed using Excel. Comparison tests of proportions were made using Epi Info 7. Results: Detection rate of nutritional status by the CGP in the first half of 2013 was 29% of the total target of 155,423 children under 5 years in the two regions. This rate was higher for the Central region (33 %) than for Lomé-Commune (26 %). No district has reached half of the goals. Their rates vary from 17.9 % and 18 % respectively for District No. 2 and District No. 4 of Lomé-Commune to 39.7% for the District of Tchaoudjo. The malnutrition rate was 8.8 %. This rate is higher in the Central region (10.9 %) than in Lomé-Commune (6.8 %) with a RR = 1.59, 95% CI = [1.50 to 1.69]. Severe malnutrition was 1.4 %. It is predominant in Lomé-commune (1.7 %) than in the Central region (1.1%) with a RR = 1.55, 95% CI = [1.32 to 1.82]. Conclusion: All districts in the two regions are below the target detection rate in the first half. The CGP has detected cases of moderate and severe malnutrition. To compare that rates with the survey data, the screening tools must be standard and adequate. (author)

Feasibility and acceptability of rapid HIV screening in a labour ward in Togo

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Ekouevi, Didier K; Kariyiare, Benjamin G; Coffie, Patrick A; Jutand, Marthe-Aline; Akpadza, Koffi; Lawson-Evi, Annette; Tatagan, Albert; Dabis, François; Sibe, Mathieu; Pitche, Vincent P; Becquet, Renaud; David, Mireille

2012-01-01

Background HIV screening in a labour ward is the last opportunity to initiate an antiretroviral prophylaxis among pregnant women living with HIV to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. Little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of HIV screening during labour in West Africa. Findings A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the labour ward at the Tokoin Teaching Hospital in Lomé (Togo) between May and August 2010. Pregnant women admitted for labour were randomly selected to enter the study and were interviewed on the knowledge of their HIV status. Clinical and biological data were collected from the individual maternal health chart. HIV testing or re-testing was systematically proposed to all pregnant women. Among 1530 pregnant women admitted for labour, 508 (32.2%) were included in the study. Information on HIV screening was available in the charts of 359 women (71%). Overall, 467 women accepted HIV testing in the labour ward (92%). The HIV prevalence was 8.8% (95% confidence interval: 6.4 to 11.7%). Among the 41 women diagnosed as living with HIV during labour, 34% had not been tested for HIV during pregnancy and were missed opportunities. Antiretroviral prophylaxis had been initiated antenatally for 24 women living with HIV and 17 in the labour room. Conclusions This study is the first to show in West Africa that HIV testing in a labour room is feasible and well accepted by pregnant women. HIV screening in labour rooms needs to be routinely implemented to reduce missed opportunities for intervention aimed at HIV care and prevention, especially PMTCT. PMID:22905362

Contribution of the clean development mechanism to sustainable energy production. The energy sector in the West African Economic and Monetary Union - Case study: Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Satoguina, H.

2007-07-01

This study assesses the contribution of the CDM to Sustainable Development in energy sectors in the West African Economic and Monetary Union, concentrating on Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger and Togo. Through a cross-sectional survey of different stakeholder groups, the prospective sustainable development criteria for the CDM are examined and prospective small-scale CDM projects are analysed. One efficient option to reduce transaction costs to small scale CDM projects is the creation of a regional centre for capacity building and project pre-validation. This study analyses how the WAEMU could be used as a vehicle to attract CDM financing. (orig.)

In vitro cytotoxic activity of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. essential oils from Togo

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Koffi Koba

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The leaf essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L.(Poaceae from Togo were steam-distilled, analyzed for percentage composition and investigated in vitro for their potential cytotoxic activity on human epidermic cell line HaCat. The percentage composition showed that the main constituents of essential oils samples were respectively geranial (45.2%, neral(32.4% and myrcène (10.2% for C. citratus essential oil and citronellal (35.5%, geraniol (27.9% and citronellol (10.7% for that of C. nardus. The in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays on human epidermic cell line HaCaT revealed that the toxicityof the essential oil from C. citratus (IC50: 150 μL.mL-1 was higher than that of the essential oil from C. nardus (IC50: 450 μL.mL-1. Pure commercial neral, geranial, and citronellal standards showed respectively the following IC50 values: 100, 250 and 300 μL.mL-1. Conversely, pure citronellol standard appeared almost non-toxic (IC50>1000 μL.mL-1, proving the major role played in synergyby neral and geranial in the overall toxicity showed by the citratus oil sample tested in this work.

In vitro cytotoxic activity of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. essential oils from Togo

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Koffi Koba

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The leaf essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. (Poaceae from Togo were steam-distilled, analyzed for percentage composition and investigated in vitro for their potential cytotoxic activity on human epidermic cell line HaCat. The percentage composition showed that the main constituents of essential oils samples were respectively geranial (45.2%, neral (32.4% and myrc¨ne (10.2% for C. citratus essential oil and citronellal (35.5%, geraniol (27.9% and citronellol (10.7% for that of C. nardus. The in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays on human epidermic cell line HaCaT revealed that the toxicity of the essential oil from C. citratus (IC50: 150 µL.mL-1 was higher than that of the essential oil from C. nardus (IC50: 450 µL.mL-1. Pure commercial neral, geranial, and citronellal standards showed respectively the following IC50 values: 100, 250 and 300 µL.mL-1. Conversely, pure citronellol standard appeared almost non-toxic (IC50>1000 µL.mL-1, proving the major role played in synergy by neral and geranial in the overall toxicity showed by the citratus oil sample tested in this work.

The role of grief symptoms and a sense of injustice in the pathways to post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-conflict Timor-Leste.

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Tay, A K; Rees, S; Steel, Z; Liddell, B; Nickerson, A; Tam, N; Silove, D

2017-08-01

Grief symptoms and a sense of injustice may be interrelated responses amongst persons exposed to mass conflict and both reactions may contribute to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. As yet, however, there is a dearth of data examining these relationships. Our study examined the contributions of grief and a sense of injustice to a model of PTSD symptoms that included the established determinants of trauma events, ongoing adversity and severe psychological distress. The study involved a large population sample (n = 2964, response rate: 82.4%) surveyed in post-conflict Timor-Leste. The survey sites included an urban administrative area (suco) in Dili, the capital of Timor-Leste and a rural village located an hour's drive away. Culturally adapted measures were applied to assess conflict related traumatic events (TEs), ongoing adversity, persisting preoccupations with injustice, symptoms of grief, psychological distress (including depressive symptoms) and PTSD symptoms. We tested a series of structural equation models, the final comprehensive model, which included indices of grief symptoms and injustice, producing a good fit. Locating grief symptoms as the endpoint of the model produced a non-converging model. In the final model, strong associations were evident between grief and injustice (β = 0.34, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01) and grief and PTSD symptoms (β = 0.14, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.01). The sense of injustice exerted a considerable effect on PTSD symptoms (β = 0.13, s.e. = 0.03, p < 0.01). In addition, multiple indirect paths were evident, most involving grief and a sense of injustice, attesting to the complex inter-relationship of these factors in contributing to PTSD symptoms. Our findings support an expanded model of PTSD symptoms relevant to post-conflict populations, in which grief symptoms and a sense of injustice play pivotal roles. The model supports the importance of a focus on loss, grief and a sense of injustice in conducting trauma

Associations between bride price stress and intimate partner violence amongst pregnant women in Timor-Leste.

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Rees, Susan; Mohsin, Mohammed; Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Soares, Elisa; Tam, Natalino; da Costa, Zelia; Tol, Wietse; Silove, Derrick

2017-08-28

Reducing violence against women is a global public health priority, particularly in low-income and conflict-affected societies. However, more needs to be known about the causes of intimate partner violence (IPV) in these settings, including the stress of bride price obligations. The representative study of women attending ante-natal clinics in Dili, Timor-Leste was conducted between June, 2013 and September, 2014 with 1672 pregnant women, a response rate of 96%. We applied contextually developed measures for the stress of bride price and poverty, and the World Health Organisation measure for intimate partner violence. Compared to those with no problems with bride price, women with moderate or serious problems with that custom reported higher rates of IPV (18.0% vs. 43.6%). Adjusting for socio-demographic factors, multivariate analysis revealed that ongoing poverty (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.20-2.56) was significantly associated with IPV. Importantly, the strongest association with IPV was problems with bride price (OR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.86-4.01). This is the first large consecutively sampled study to demonstrate a strong association between the stressors of bride price and poverty with IPV. Notably, bride price stress had the strongest association with IPV. Revealing this hitherto unrecognized factor of bride price stress may prove pivotal in guiding policy and interventions aimed at reducing IPV, and thereby improve the health and psychosocial status of women in low income and conflict-affected settings.

Viability of Timor deer stag (Cervus timorensis spermatozoa extended in tris egg yolk diluent with different sources of carbohydrate and storage at room temperature

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W. Marlene Mesang-Nalley

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The successful sperm preservation, influenced by the capability of its extender on the maintenance the sperm quality during storage. The carbohydrate such as glucose and fructose were the common sugar added on the mammalian sperm extender to support their live and motility. The sucrose was the main carbohydrate in Timor deer stag seminal plasma. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates in Tris egg yolk (TEY extender on the motility and viability of stag sperm, stored in room temperature (27-28 oC. The semen was collected using electro ejaculator from five Timor deer stags at hard antler stage, 3-5 years old, body weight of 64-102 kg with normal testes. The semen was than evaluated macro-and microscopically and divided into 3 aliquots. Each of them was diluted with TEY-glucose (TEYG, TEY-fructose (TEYF and TEY-Sucrose (TEYS with the concentration of spermatozoa 100 x 106 ml-1. The extended semen was than stored at room temperature. The sperm motility and viability were evaluated every 3 hours. Result of the experiment showed that the semen volume was 2.06 ± 0.63 ml, pH 7.03±0.13, yellow white until creamy in color and the consistency ranged from normal to thick. The mass movement between ++ to +++ and the sperm motility was 68.67 ± 7.4%. The average of sperm concentration was 842.35 ± 258.14x106 ml-1, the viable sperm was 78.11 ± 3.61%, the sperm abnormality was 7.31 ± 2.98%. The percentages of sperm motility on TEYG (18.00 ± 17.63% and TEYS (21.83 ± 15.92% were higher compare to TEYF (4,00 ± 0,00% extender in 24 hours observation. The percentage of sperm viability showed the same pattern. The sperm viability in TEYG (28.17 ± 20.06 and TEYS (24.00 ± 22.59% (P<0.05 were significantly higher compare to TEYF (4.00 ± 0.00%. It is concluded that the deer stag sperm can use the three sugars for their nutrition source. The diluted sperm still can be used for artificial insemination after 12 hour storage.

PENGEMBANGAN DAYA TARIK WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PANTAI VATUVOU, DISTRIK LIQUISA, TIMOR LESTE

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Cipriana Dos Santos Guterres

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Vatuvou beach, located in the Village Vatuvou, Liquica District      of East Timor, has the potential to be developed into a tourist attraction, but until now its potential has not fully developed yet. The aim of this study is to determine the potential of Vatuvou Beach, to know how the local community have been involved to develop Vatuvou beach, to formulate the most effective strategies to develop it has a community based tourist attraction. The results of this study indicated that Vatuvou coastal region could be used as a tourist attraction in the District of Liquisa, because it has the existing potential such as beach panorama with sunset, black sandy beaches and under–sea wealth, availability of facilities and infrastructure to support tourism, such as water, electricity, road, telecommunication, public toilets, parking, and accommodation (but still limited. Socio-cultural potential as hospitality of the people in the village of Vatuvou, traditional activities, such as handcrafted, and rituals performed by people in the village of Vatuvou. In addition, the strategic location of the Vatuvou beach easily leads to some nearby tourist attraction, such as lake Maubara, Maubara Fort, historical buildings of Portuguese’s heritage, and souvenir center. The involvement of community participation in the coastal development of Vatuvou has been through the initial proceses, namely planning stage, development and evaluation of activities that have been implemented. Through the description, it can be concluded that the strategy of tourism development of Vatuvou beach can be made by the following procedures (1 Increasing the quality and quantity of human resources in tourism, (2 Inviting foreign or local investors to the potential of the existing tourism sectors, (3 Developing the potential of cultural as tourist attractions, and (4 Improving tourism facilities and infrastructure to support tourism activities in Vatuvou coastal areas.

Thinking Skills in the 12th Grade English Course book in Timor Leste

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Joaninho Xavier Hei

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This study aims to analyze the English course book of (Manual do Aluno INGLÊS 12.o ano de escolaridade/Students’ English Manual for 12th Year Schooling in Timor Leste. The activities in the reading and listening sections of the course book were performed to determine whether they emphasized on lower or higher levels of cognitive process. The study attempted to answer the following question: Do the cognitive levels of the activities that relate to the focus on reading and listening in the 12th grade English course book sufficiently represent all the six levels of the New Bloom Taxonomy of thinking skills? The objective of this analysis was to discover the reading and listening activities that can sufficiently promote the levels of cognitive process. The activities determined as the criteria for analysis were: Wh-questions, true/false question, yes/no question, multiple choice question, complete the sentence phrase, a chart, matching questions, statement question, and a key word request question. The activities of the questions were gathered, listed with the total numbers of 161 questions and analyzed according to the six levels of New Bloom’s Taxonomy. The results showed that 98 activities emphasized mostly on lower levels cognitive order while only 63 activities emphasized the higher levels of thinking skills. So, the course book mentioned above targeted as a resource for students to learn the language, not as a resource for students to develop thinking skills because it fails to equip learners with the activities requiring higher levels of thinking order. By implication, for the teacher/syllabus designer can be aware to modify their own learning material by integrating more higher-order questions to achieve higher levels of thinking skills. Keywords: Course book Activities Analysis, and New Bloom’s Taxonomy

Riwayat pola asuh, pola makan, asupan zat gizi berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak 24–59 bulan di Biboki Utara, Timor Tengah Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur

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Christin Debora Nabuasa

2016-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is an indicator of chronic malnutrition that reflects problem of overall social economic condition in the past and as a manifestation of further consequences of the prevalence of low birth weight and undernutrition in children underfive and absence of supreme catch-up growth in the followingyears. Stunting brings impact to physical growth disorder that results in low capacity in working memory, learning memory, visuospatial ability and cognitive function. Low economic condition, rearing pattern, eating pattern, nutrient intake for a long time cause high prevalence of stunting in children underfives. The result of basic health survey 2007 showed the prevalence of stunting at the Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur was 46.7%, in District of Timor Tengah Utara was 59.6% and at Subdistrict of Biboki Utara in two subsequent years were 64.6% and 60.2%.Objectives: To identify association between history of rearing pattern, eating pattern, nutrient intake and stunting in children of 24-59 months in Subdistrict of Biboki Utara District of Timor Tengah Utara Province of Nusa Tenggara Timur.Methods: The study was observational with case control design. Research instrument was questionnaire that was used to identify history of rearing pattern, eating pattern and nutrient intake through recall 4x24 hours subsequently. The study was carried out in Subdistrict of Biboki Utara with subject of the study were children of 24-59 months old involving a total of 152 subjects consisting of 76 children underfive as cases and 76 as control.Results: History of inadequate rearing pattern was 53.9%, eating pattern 55.9%, energy intake 55.9%, protein intake 52.6%, calcium intake 52.0%, infection disease 51.3%, family economy 61.8%, food tenacity 71.7%. The result of bivariate analysis showed variables of history of rearing pattern, eating pattern, nutrient intake, infection disease, family economy had significant association (p<0

Dampak Transformasi Mata Pencaharian Terhadap Kondisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Masyarakat (Studi Kasus pada Usaha / Kegiatan Penambangan Mineral Logam Mangan di Wilayah IUP PT Bun Yan Hasanah di Desa Nian Kecamatan Miomafo Tengah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara

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Stefanus Frengki Mbawo

2014-08-01

Full Text Available This research was conducted in the area of North Central Timor Government District of Central Miomafo Nian village on 18 November 2013 to 18 May 2014 This study examines the impact of the transformation of the livelihood and economic and social conditions (Case Study On Business / Manganese Mineral Mining Activities Region Iup PT. Bun Yan Hasanah in Nian village Miomafo District of Central North Central Timor. With the aim to determine the impact of the transformation of the livelihood  and  economic  and  social  conditions,  the  type  of  research  used  is descriptive analytical approach using ex post facto that the data collected after the incident  took place.  With each  study variable,  namely  (1 changes  in the orientation of the public about livelihood, (2 economic conditions, (3 social conditions. The sampling technique was conducted by distributing questionnaires and direct interviews or questionnaires to 20 respondents who are involved actively in mining activities. Data were collected and analyzed by using AHP method. Results and discussion illustrate that the impact on the livelihood transformation of economic conditions  showed  the  highest  value  of  67%  and  is  followed  by  changes  in  the livelihood of 25% and 8% of social conditions. The fact indicates that the level 1 criteria matiks that economic criteria with sub-criteria fulfillment necessities of life ie 27% priority to the welfare of society villagers Nian District of Central Miomafo TTU.

Using Causal Loop Diagramming to Explore the Drivers of the Sustained Functionality of Rural Water Services in Timor-Leste

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Kate Neely

2016-01-01

Full Text Available It is recognized that international water sector development work has issues with a lack of sustained positive outcomes. A large driver of this outcome is how NGOs work with communities to implement and then manage water services. Many NGOs tend to focus their efforts on improving their reach and organisational growth by continually engaging in new projects. This behaviour is largely driven by short-term donor funding models that reward extended coverage, leaving little focus on sustained outcomes. Similarly, community-based management (CBM schemes often impede sustained services as a result of the community’s limited capacity to operate and maintain the technology. To explore these complicated drivers on water service sustainability, we used causal loop diagramming to analyse the key aspect influencing the combined dynamics between NGOs, donors and CBM. We demonstrate this methodology through a study in Timor-Leste, where we gathered data necessary to develop and apply causal loop diagrams to analyse rural water supply program outcomes. The analysis of these diagrams allowed identification of leverage points used to suggest structural changes for sustained benefits of water services. These structural changes emphasize the importance of increased robustness and reliability of water technology and the associated impact this has on community satisfaction and, conjointly, on water service sustainability.

The vulnerability of fishermen’s community and livelihood opportunity through drought and seasonal changes in border area of Indonesia-Timor Leste

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Jayanti, A. D.; Fitriya, W.; Setyobudi, E.; Budhiyanti, S. A.; Suadi; Kune, S. J.

2018-03-01

Communities that live in coastal areas in Indonesia are affected by the ecosystem degradation because their livelihoods majority depends on ecosystem’s services. Fishermen in Timor Tengah Utara Regency depends on their livelihood on fish catches and crops. TTU Regency is known as a place with drought. Agriculture sector and fisheries play the central role of communal livelihood. This research was conducted to gain information and baseline study to support the intervention scheme reducing the vulnerable level of coastal communities. This research was conducted in Insana Utara, Biboki Moenleu and Biboki Anleu District. The social-ecological and statistic descriptive analysis were undertaken and involving 53 fishermen, 4 women groups, 11 clan’s elder and staffs of local government as the respondents. The data shows that the majority of the fishermen are small-scale fisheries commercial fishermen and possess a high level of vulnerability. The factors that are mostly affected the fishermen livelihood is the job diversification as farmers which is primarily supported by the crops and rely on the rainfall. The vulnerable context of fishermen in TTU can be reduced by optimizing and enhancing communal institution capacity and increasing the cooperation among the stakeholders and government also women participation.

Changes in the oral health of the children of Dili, Timor Leste, between 2002 and 2014.

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Babo Soares, Lucio F; Allen, Penny L; Kingi, Jenna; Roberts-Thomson, Kaye; Bettiol, Silvana; Crocombe, Leonard

2016-01-01

This research compared the oral health status of school children in Dili (the capital of Timor Leste) in 2002 and 2014. The 2014 oral health survey of Dili's children replicated the methods of an AusAID-supported oral health survey conducted in 2002. Equal numbers of children were invited to participate from four age groups (6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years). For the 2014 survey, the subdistricts of Dom Aleixo, Cristo Rei, Metinaro and Vera Cruz were randomly selected for inclusion. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics and oral health behaviours. Oral epidemiological examinations were conducted by four dentists and five dental nurses. The 2014 survey in Dili recruited 758 participants for the questionnaire and 655 children for the oral examination. In 2014, a lower proportion of children reported brushing their teeth the previous day (97% vs 100%, p=0.01) and a larger proportion reported having toothache (40% vs 19%, pp=0.01). There was no difference in the prevalence of decay in the primary dentition (39% vs 37%, p=0.61) or the mean number of decayed, missing or filled (dmft) teeth in the primary dentition in 2014 compared to 2002 (2.0 vs 1.8, p=0.47). However, the prevalence of decay in the permanent dentition was greater in 2014 (70% vs 53%, pp=0.04). The prevalence of gingival bleeding (65% vs 81%, ppchildren between 2002 and 2014, associated with more permanent teeth dental caries experiences.

School organization and the mobilization of teachers and students in the use of a new general secondary education curriculum in East Timor

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Ana Margarida Capelo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Given that reforms involving how to deal with the past are extremely difficult, especially when the past involves memories of victimization, death, and destruction so widespread that a high percentage of the population is affected, the main purpose of this article is to describe how the general secondary education (GSE curriculum in East Timor –an ancient Portuguese colony– is organized in terms of principles and objectives, themes, and methodological guidelines that give priority to assisting students to minimize or manage problems associated with conflict. Subsequently, the current state of GSE is characterized, in terms of school organization and logistics, and mobilization of teachers and students in using the new curriculum. The empirical results show that curricular materials incorporate aspects that can contribute to understanding and minimizing or managing problems created by the conflict, as well as contributing to avoid new conflicts. Nevertheless, although textbooks incorporate these aspects and teachers and students express interest in use them, problems remain regarding their appropriate usage due to numerous factors such as: logistics; school organization and poor teacher skills, despite training given and continued focused investment.

Engaging Men in Family Planning: Perspectives From Married Men in Lomé, Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Koffi, Tekou B; Weidert, Karen; Ouro Bitasse, Erakalaza; Mensah, Marthe Adjoko E; Emina, Jacques; Mensah, Sheila; Bongiovanni, Annette; Prata, Ndola

2018-05-09

Family planning programs have made vast progress in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa in the last decade, but francophone West Africa is still lagging behind. More emphasis on male engagement might result in better outcomes, especially in countries with strong patriarchal societies. Few studies in francophone West Africa have examined attitudes of male involvement in family planning from the perspective of men themselves, yet this evidence is necessary for development of successful family planning projects that include men. This qualitative study, conducted in 2016, explored attitudes of 72 married men ages 18-54 through 6 focus groups in the capital of Togo, Lomé. Participants included professional workers as well as skilled and unskilled workers. Results indicate that men have specific views on family planning based on their knowledge and understanding of how and why women might use contraception. While some men did have reservations, both founded and not, there was an overwhelmingly positive response to discussing family planning and being engaged with related decisions and services. Four key findings from the analyses of focus group responses were: (1) socioeconomic motivations drive men's interest in family planning; (2) men strongly disapprove of unilateral decisions by women to use family planning; (3) misconceptions surrounding modern methods can hinder support for family planning; and (4) limited method choice for men, insufficient venues to receive services, and few messages that target men create barriers for male engagement in family planning. Future attempts to engage men in family planning programs should pay specific attention to men's concerns, misconceptions, and their roles in family decision making. Interventions should educate men on the socioeconomic and health benefits of family planning while explaining the possible side effects and dispelling myths. To help build trust and facilitate open communication, family planning programs that

Étude ethnobotanique des plantes utilisées dans le traitement du diabète dans la médecine traditionnelle de la région Maritime du Togo

Science.gov (United States)

Holaly, Gbekley Efui; Simplice, Karou Damintoti; Charlemagne, Gnoula; Kodjovi, Agbodeka; Kokou, Anani; Tchadjobo, Tchacondo; Amegnona, Agbonon; Komlan, Batawila; Jacques, Simpore

2015-01-01

Introduction Les plantes constituent une grande source de principes actifs qui peuvent être utilisés pour traiter de nombreuses maladies, dont le diabète. L'objectif de cette étude était de recenser les plantes utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour traiter le diabète dans la région Maritime du Togo. Méthodes De janvier 2013 à juin 2014, une enquête ethnobotanique a été réalisée auprès de 164 guérisseurs traditionnels dans la région Maritime par des interviews directes à l'aide d'un questionnaire semi structuré. Résultats Les données recueillies ont permis d'identifier 112 espèces végétales appartenant à 51 familles. Les familles les plus représentées ont été les Caesalpiniaceae / Fabaceae avec 9 espèces, suivie des Euphorbiaceae et des Compositae avec 8 espèces chacune. Les espèces les plus citées ont été Allium sativum, Alium cepa, Guilandina bonduc, Moringa oleifera et de Picralima nitida qui ont eu une valeur usuelle de 0,05. En termes de recettes, 132 recettes sont préparées à partir des 112 espèces de plantes. Les recettes à plantes uniques ont été au nombre de 78, tandis que 54 recettes sont obtenues par des associations de plantes. Les parties de plantes les plus utilisées ont été les feuilles suivies par les racines. La principale méthode de préparation reste la décoction. Conclusion La région maritime du Togo dispose d'une biodiversité floristique importante en matière de plantes antidiabétiques. Ces résultats constituent une bonne base de données pour le criblage biologique dans la recherche de molécules antidiabétiques à base des plantes. PMID:26309469

Growth curves and the international standard: How children's growth reflects challenging conditions in rural Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Spencer, Phoebe R; Sanders, Katherine A; Judge, Debra S

2018-02-01

Population-specific growth references are important in understanding local growth variation, especially in developing countries where child growth is poor and the need for effective health interventions is high. In this article, we use mixed longitudinal data to calculate the first growth curves for rural East Timorese children to identify where, during development, deviation from the international standards occurs. Over an eight-year period, 1,245 children from two ecologically distinct rural areas of Timor-Leste were measured a total of 4,904 times. We compared growth to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards using z-scores, and modeled height and weight velocity using the SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) method. Using the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) method, we created the first growth curves for rural Timorese children for height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Relative to the WHO standards, children show early-life growth faltering, and stunting throughout childhood and adolescence. The median height and weight for this population tracks below the WHO fifth centile. Males have poorer growth than females in both z-BMI (p = .001) and z-height-for-age (p = .018) and, unlike females, continue to grow into adulthood. This is the most comprehensive investigation to date of rural Timorese children's growth, and the growth curves created may potentially be used to identify future secular trends in growth as the country develops. We show significant deviation from the international standard that becomes most pronounced at adolescence, similar to the growth of other Asian populations. Males and females show different growth responses to challenging conditions in this population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG PEMERINTAH DI KOTA DILI – TIMOR LESTE

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Octavio P.M Marques

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Building project as one of the construction services are filled with varying risks during the construction phase of the project implementation. At the stage of the project implementation, risks may arise either the risk of time, cost and those which affect the quality of the project. Therefore, we need to understand the risks at the construction phase and mitigation to the risks to meet in execution of project based on initial planning. The study was conducted to identify the risks in the implementation of construction projects of government buildings by using survey methods that aim to get the opinion of the respondents regarding the risks at implementation of the government building construction projects in the city of Dili - Timor Leste. Further, it was done a risk assessment to determine the major or main risks. Major risk is controlled through mitigation measures and allocation of risks to the parties directly involved in construction projects such as Project Owner, Technical Supervisor, Consultant Design, Consultant Supervision and Contractor. The analysis used in this study is a qualitative analysis. The results showed 64 risks identified in the implementation of construction projects there are 10 government buildings risks (16% with an unacceptable category, 18 risks (28% with the undesirable category, 28 risks (44% with acceptable category and 8 risks (12% with negligible category. Ownership of major / main risk to the parties directly involved in the implementation of construction projects such as the project owner, technical supervisor, consultant design, consultant supervision and contractors. The project Owner and Technical Supervision (Department of Public Works is expected to further enhance the ability to manage projects so not throwing responsibility in managing government projects. consultant design and sonsultant supervision to be more careful in design till supervision during the implementation period so as to meet the cost

[Juvenile myasthenia gravis in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of two consanguine sisters born from consanguinity in Togo].

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Maneh, Nidain; Apetse, Kossivi; Diatewa, Bénédicte Marèbe; Domingo, Sidik Abou-Bakr; Agba, Aidé Isabelle; Ayena, Koffi Didier; Balogou, Koffi Agnon; Balo, Komi Patrice

2017-01-01

Myasthenia gravis is a rare acquired autoimmune pathology causing neuromuscular transmission impairment. Juvenile onset of myasthenia gravis is often characterized by ocular involvement. We report two cases of ocular juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) in two siblings. They were two young girls, XA and XB, aged 11 and 9 years, of Malian origin, residing in Togo, born from first-degree of consanguinity presenting to Ophthalmology due to progressive decrease in visual acuity. XA showed visual acuity 8/10 on both eyes while XB showed improvement in visual acuity from 3/10 to 7/10 using a pinhole occluder, suggesting ametropia. XA had a 2-year history of bilateral ptosis lifting the upper eyelid of 7 mm, while XB had a 3-year history of bilateral ptosis with no lifting of the upper eyelid. Ice pack test was strongly positive in both patients. They had Cogan's lid twitch with paresis of the oculomotor nerve without diplopia. The dosage of acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies was normal. The diagnosis of JMG associated with ametropia was suspected. Ametropia was corrected by glasses and a specific treatment with pyridostigmine was initiated, but both patients were lost to follow-up. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis with inaugural ophthalmologic manifestation is rare but it can occur among children living in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies should be conducted to establish the features of this disease.

United Nations at Crossroads: International Administration of Territories and Domestic Political Culture. The Kosovo and East Timor Experiences

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Antonia Zervaki

2008-10-01

Full Text Available El Capítulo VII solo ha sido invocado en dos ocasiones para el establecimiento de administraciones territoriales internacionales, en el caso de Timor Leste y Kosovo. A pesar del legado institucional y político de estas operaciones similares bajo el mandato de la Liga de Naciones y el marco de las Naciones Unidas, parecen establecerse no sólo en un vacío institucional debido a la ausencia de una definición en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, sino también de una forma no sistemática, siguiendo un enfoque casuístico en relación con la selección de los territorios a ser administrados, los medios para la ejecución de la “gobernanza internacional” y los fines últimos de estas operaciones. Estas deficiencias estructurales influencian los procesos de construcción de identidad cívica, lo cual es esencial para la ejecución de las reformas institucionales y la resolución consensual de conflictos, elementos que constituyen los principales pilares de las operaciones de construcción de paz. En este artículo el marco institucional y conceptual de esta nueva generación de operaciones es presentado con un examen a continuación, de la evolución del concepto de gobernanza internacional y su contribución al proceso de transición y las culturas políticas domésticas en los territorios concernidos.

Les conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo: une étude transversale à propos de 159 nouveau-nés

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Kokou, Vonor; Nidain, Maneh; Kassoula, Nononsaa Batomguela; Kwassi, Fiaty- Amenouvor; Meba, Banla; Patrice, Balo Komi

2016-01-01

Introduction Le but de l’étude était décrire les aspects épidémiologiques des conjonctivites néonatales dans le canton de Glidji au Sud du Togo. Methodes Nous avons mené une étude transversale dans les 4 Unités Sanitaires Périphériques du canton de Glidji du 19 Mars au 13 Mai 2009 soit 8 semaines. Tous les nouveau-nés ont été inclus et la conjonctivite néonatale était définie par la présence chez un nouveau-né d'au moins deux des signes suivants: hyperhémie conjonctivale, œdème palpébral, chémosis, sécrétions purulentes, larmoiement. Les paramètres étudiés étaient l’âge, le sexe, les facteurs de risque, les antécédents, la présence ou non de conjonctivite, les germes en causes et l’évolution sous traitement. Resultats Sur la période, 159 nouveau-nés ont été examinés. L’âge moyen était de 10,9 jours avec des extrêmes de 0 à 28 jours. Il y avait 80 garçons pour 79 filles soit un sex-ratio de 1,01. Sur les 159 nouveau-nés, 7 cas de conjonctivite ont été diagnostiqués soit une prévalence de 4,4%. Les facteurs de risque identifiés étaient l'accouchement par voie basse et la présence d'IST chez la mère pendant la grossesse. Sur les 7 cas de conjonctivite, l'examen cytobactériologique a permis d'isoler le staphylococcus aureus dans 2 cas. L’évolution des cas de conjonctivite sous traitement était favorable avec régression des signes dès le 3è jour. Conclusion Les conjonctivites néonatales avaient une prévalence de 4,4% dans le canton de Glidji au sud du Togo et le staphylocoque doré était le germe en cause. Leur prévention passe par un bon suivi lors de la consultation prénatale et l'instillation de collyre antibiotique à la naissance PMID:27642383

Résultats de recherche | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

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Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. La province d'Aceh et l'État maintenant indépendant du Timor-Leste (auparavant le Timor oriental) ont vécu des décennies de conflit et des violations massives des droits de la personne sous la ...

Ce que nous faisons | Page 71 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. La province d'Aceh et l'État maintenant indépendant du Timor-Leste (auparavant le Timor oriental) ont vécu des décennies de conflit et des violations massives des droits de la personne sous la ...

Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. La province d'Aceh et l'État maintenant indépendant du Timor-Leste (auparavant le Timor oriental) ont vécu des décennies de conflit et des violations massives des droits de la personne sous la ...

Biomass and carbon stock potential of Gliricidia Sepium as an alternative energy at Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Science.gov (United States)

Prima, F. H.; Hariyadi; Hartono, A.

2018-03-01

The utilization of biomass from plants is one efforts for the fulfillment an availability of alternative energy in indonesia. Gliricidia sepium is a tolerant species that can grow in dry land. However its utilization as renewable energy source is non-optimized. This study aims to analyze the potential carbon stocks and biomass from Gliricidia sepium as a raw material for alternative energy in East Nusa Tenggara. This study was conducted in November 2015 and located in Humusu Sainiup, Timor Tengah Utara Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The method used in collecting data was applied in three different land-use, namely monoculture Gliricidia sepium, polyculture between Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala, and polyculture between Gliricidia sepium and Zea mays. We used the allometric equation from Ketterings namely B = 0.11ρD2+0,62 and C = 0.5 x B. The results showed that the different land-use will give different value of carbon stocks which is in this study the biggest value of carbon stocks was found in monoculture of Gliricidia sp (35.35 tC ha-1) compared with Gliricidia sp + Leucaena sp (18.83 tC ha-1), and Gliricidia sp + Zea mays (13.79 tC ha-1). The value of biomass and carbon stocks was influenced by wood density, trees density, and diameter at breast height (dbh).

42,000-year-old worked and pigment-stained Nautilus shell from Jerimalai (Timor-Leste): Evidence for an early coastal adaptation in ISEA.

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Langley, Michelle C; O'Connor, Sue; Piotto, Elena

2016-08-01

In this paper, we describe worked and pigment-stained Nautilus shell artefacts recovered from Jerimalai, Timor-Leste. Two of these artefacts come from contexts dating to between 38,000 and 42,000 cal. BP (calibrated years before present), and exhibit manufacturing traces (drilling, pressure flaking, grinding), as well as red colourant staining. Through describing more complete Nautilus shell ornaments from younger levels from this same site (>15,900, 9500, and 5000 cal. BP), we demonstrate that those dating to the initial occupation period of Jerimalai are of anthropogenic origin. The identification of such early shell working examples of pelagic shell in Island Southeast Asia not only adds to our growing understanding of the importance of marine resources to the earliest modern human communities in this region, but also indicates that a remarkably enduring shell working tradition was enacted in this area of the globe. Additionally, these artefacts provide the first material culture evidence that the inhabitants of Jerimalai were not only exploiting coastal resources for their nutritional requirements, but also incorporating these materials into their social technologies, and by extension, their social systems. In other words, we argue that the people of Jerimalai were already practicing a developed coastal adaptation by at least 42,000 cal. BP. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Pengelolaan Sampah Padat Perkotaan di Kecamatan Dom Aleixo Kabupaten Dili-Timor Leste

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João Carlos Soares

2016-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitiaan mengenai persepsi masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah padat perkotaan dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Dom Aleixo, Kabupaten Dili Timor Leste dengan sampel penelitiannya adalah rumah tangga yang ada di Desa Comoro dan Bairopite. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk: (1 mengkaji persepsi masyarakat terhadap usaha pemerintah dalam memberdayakan, menguatkan serta bagaimana menfasilitasi peranserta masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah rumah tangganya; (2 mengkaji kelemahan-kelemahan maupun permasalahan yang dihadapi Pemerintah Kota Dili dalam hal:  (a merumuskan kebijakan dan peraturan daerah tentang pengelolaan sampah padat perkotaan di Kecamatan Dom Aleixo; (b bagaimana usaha pemerintah daerah menggerakkan masyarakat agar berperan serta secara aktif dalam kegiatan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangganya; (3 mengkaji struktur kelembagaan Pemerintah Kota Dili guna mempertegas pendelegasian wewenang institusi pengelolaan sampah perkotaan; (4  membantu menfasilitasi keterlibatan stakeholder dalam mendukung program pemerintah mengenai pengelolaan sampah perkotaan di Kabupaten Dili. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang merujuk pada kegiatan lapangan atau survei. Dari populasi yang ada dipilih sejumlah sampel mengunakan teknik sampling yaitu secara random sampling. Teknik ini dipilih karena populasi sudah diketahui memiliki karakteristik yang homogen sehingga setiap individu yang terpilih sebagai sampel diyakini mampu menggambarkan karakteristik dari populasi tersebut. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara mix method yaitu gabungan antara analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik analisis ini dipilih dengan pertimbangan bahwa data yang telah diolah secara kuantitatif yaitu dengan teknik scoring diharapkan dapat di interpretasi secara lebih luas dan mendalam dengan teknik kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2010 sampai dengan Agustus 2010.  Hasil dari penelitian ini : (a untuk kepentingan pemerintah daerah

Datation de l'infection a Toxoplasma gondii chez 128 femmes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'utilisation de ce test dans les laboratoires de biologie médicale au Togo pourrait contribuer à améliorer la prise charge adéquate des femmes enceintes au Togo. Mots clés: Toxoplasmose, sérologie, test d'avidité, femmes enceintes, Togo. English Title: Datation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a ...

Analyse-diagnostic du système agraire de la région d'Ahépé, au sud du Togo

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Louis C.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Analysis of the agricultural system of the region of Ahépé, south Togo. The agricultural system of the region of Ahépé, 80 km north of Lomé, Togo, was studied. Eighteen historical surveys and 44 farm surveys were carried out. We distinguished four main stages in the evolution of the farming system in the region. 1. Pioneer farming based on burning, with fallow land lasting more than 20 years. 2. When access to land starts to decrease, and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis starts being the main source of revenue, the system becomes fallow-land with oil palm based. Such a system necessitates an available surface at least three times larger than the cultivated area. 3. Due to lack of available land, the third system is based on pruning and burning of oil palm fallow lands with alternative cultivation and fallow land every three years. 4. Finally, after cultivated land becomes really short, rural depopulation, sale of labour force, and work intensification per unit of surface and of capital areobserved. In the actual farming system, we distinguished 5 different categories of farms. The ""survival threshold"" (the minimal amount of resources needed, estimated for a family with two adults and three children, is F CFA 79,000 per working adult and per year, of which F CFA 47,000 in cash (to buy everything that cannot be produced on farm. The first category is a food-producing system on short time fallow-land with palm trees. With farms smaller than 1 ha, food crops are dominant (80% of the agricultural revenue and the total agricultural revenue per working adult is less than F CFA 200,000 per year. The second category is a food-producing system on short time fallow-land with palm trees and cash crops. The annual agricultural revenue per working adult varies from F CFA 200,000 to 1,600,000. In the third category, cash crops are dominant (mainly cotton but the farms are in difficult financial conditions. The surfaces in this system vary between 1.1 and 1

Mélange versus forearc contributions to sedimentation and uplift, during rapid denudation of a young Banda forearc-continent collisional belt

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Duffy, Brendan; Kalansky, Julie; Bassett, Kari; Harris, Ron; Quigley, Mark; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J J; Strachan, Lorna J.; Rosenthal, Yair

2017-01-01

New sedimentary geochemistry and petrographic analyses provide the most extensive sedimentary documentation yet of the rapid denudation of the young Timor orogen. The data from three basins including two widely-separated, well-dated sections of the Synorogenic Megasequence of Timor-Leste, and a

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Read more about Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. Language French. Read more about How Communities Deal with Traumatic Memory: Lessons from Aceh and Timor-Leste. Language English. Read more about Réduction ...

The ′Adat′ institution and the Management of Grand Forest ′Herman Yohannes′ in Indonesian Timor: The Role of Design Principles for Sustainable Management of Common Pool Resources

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Jacko A van Ast

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Local success stories of sustainable forest management can inspire scientists and decision-makers. This article analyses the traditional ′Adat′ institution that plays a role in the management of Grand Forest Park ′Herman Yohannes′, in the Western part of Timor where the Adat forest management regulation has been formally restored. The original set of design principles for sustainable management of common pool resources of Elinor Ostrom (1990 has been used in this study as an analytical framework for understanding the role of the Adat institution in respect to the forest. In the park, the local community applies Adat for protection and management of the forest that has been its home for centuries. It appears that Ostrom′s design principles can be identified in the current Adat institution and play a role in the sustainable management of the forest. Although many other variables can lead to success or failure of institutions, the original (internal design principles are still valuable as a practical tool for building institutions that are - under certain conditions - able to sustain common pool resources. The findings confirm the importance of traditional institutions in successful forest management. The study recommends that decision-makers take into account existing traditional management systems that have shown long term functionality.

Patterns of separation anxiety symptoms amongst pregnant women in conflict-affected Timor-Leste: Associations with traumatic loss, family conflict, and intimate partner violence.

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Silove, D M; Tay, A K; Tol, W A; Tam, N; Dos Reis, N; da Costa, Z; Soares, C; Rees, S

2016-11-15

Adult separation anxiety (ASA) symptoms are prevalent amongst young women in low and middle-income countries and symptoms may be common in pregnancy. No studies have focused on defining distinctive patterns of ASA symptoms amongst pregnant women in these settings or possible associations with trauma exposure and ongoing stressors. In a consecutive sample of 1672 women attending antenatal clinics in Dili, Timor-Leste (96% response), we assessed traumatic events of conflict, ongoing adversity, intimate partner violence (IPV), ASA, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and severe psychological distress. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify classes of women based on their distinctive profiles of ASA symptoms, comparisons then being made with key covariates including trauma domains of conflict, intimate partner violence (IPV) and ongoing stressors. LCA yielded three classes, comprising a core ASA (4%), a limited ASA (25%) and a low symptom class (61%). The core ASA class reported exposure to multiple traumatic losses and IPV and showed a pattern of comorbidity with PTSD; the limited ASA class predominantly reported exposure to ongoing stressors and was comorbid with severe psychological distress; the low symptom class reported relatively low levels of exposure to trauma and stressors. The study is cross-sectional, cautioning against inferring causal inferences. The core ASA group may be in need of immediate intervention given the high rate of exposure to IPV amongst this class. A larger number of women experiencing a limited array of non-specific ASA symptoms may need assistance to address the immediate stressors of pregnancy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Read more about Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. Langue French. Read more about How Communities Deal with Traumatic Memory: Lessons from Aceh and Timor-Leste. Langue English. Read more about Réduction des ...

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Results 41 - 50 of 439 ... This Community of Evaluators (CoE) project will build on IDRC-funded work to promote and enhance the quality of the theory and practice of ... Indonesia's Aceh province and the now independent state of Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor) endured decades of conflict and massive human rights ...

Notes on Scincid Lizards

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Brongersma, L.D.

1942-01-01

Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) florense barbouri Dunn (Pl. VI fig. 1) Sphenomorphus florense barbouri Dunn, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 288, 1927, p. 5, and Dunn, in: Burden, Dragon Lizards of Komodo, 1927, p. 203. 1 ♂, Noil Toko, Timor, 1937, leg. P. F. van West, Mus. Leiden, reg. no. 7033. 5 ♂ ♂, 6 ♀ ♀, Timor,

Top-Down Historical Phonology of Rote-Meto

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Owen Edwards

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the historical phonology of the Rote-Meto languages through a top-down perspective. It describes the sound changes which have taken place between Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and the present-day languages. This reveals a number of shared innovations between Meto and the languages of west Rote, as well as changes shared by the other languages of Rote. Thus, a West Rote-Meto subgroup is identified, as well as a Nuclear Rote subgroup. Within Austronesian, there are phonological innovations shared between Rote-Meto and a number of languages of Timor and surrounding islands. This provides evidence for a Timor-Wetar-Babar subgroup, though this group does not include all languages of Timor.

Evapotranspiration of osteospermum 'Denebola' and New Guinea impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches as affected by climate conditions and soil water potential

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Jadwiga Treder

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Daily evapotranspiration (EVPT of two bedding plants osteospermum 'Denebola' and impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches was measured by weighing method, together with assessment of indoor climate parameters (solar radiation, temperature, humidity and leaf area index (LAI at different growth phases. The evaporation inside the greenhouse as affected by climatic factors i.e.: solar radiation, temperature, humidity and air velocity was also measured using Piche's evaporometer. Plants were irrigated according to soil water potential (irrigation at -0,5; -3; -10 and -20 kPa. Irrigation at high water potential decreased plant growth and leaf area of both plants. LAI of osteospermum decreased as water deficit increased. In the case of impatiens, the highest LAI at full flowering obtained plants irrigated at -3 kPa. The actual, daily EVPT of plants irrigated at -0,5 kPa increased with plant growth in the case ofosteospermum while that of impatiens remained at similar level. At flowering water stress decreased strongly EVPT of osteospermum and in lesser extent EVPT of impatiens. Osteospermum irrigated at -0,5 kPa had 2,5 higher EVPT than impatiens. For both plants good, positive correlation between EVPT and daily mean temperature, temperature between 7-17 h and evaporation according to Piche's evaporometer readings were obtained. As expected EVPT was negatively correlated with relative humidity, irrespective the growth phase and soil water potential. The correlation between EVPT and solar radiation, was changed during plant growth due to differences in temperature under shading screen, used during sunny days.

How the origin of fresh household waste affects its ability to be biodegraded: an assessment using basic tools and its application to the city of Kara in Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Segbeaya, K N; Feuillade-Cathalifaud, G; Baba, G; Koledzi, E K; Pallier, V; Tchangbedji, G; Matejka, G

2012-12-01

Waste biodegradation has been largely investigated in the literature by using conventional tests like the BMP test and the respirometric test, whereas only few studies deal with the use of leaching tests in combination with biological activity measurements. Consequently, this study used an improved leaching test to evaluate the biodegradability of two deposits of fresh household waste from the city of Kara in Togo. The first deposit came from households in neighborhoods located in the outskirts of the city and the second consisted of fresh waste, mainly composed of business waste and household waste, collected in the urban center and aimed at being deposited in the landfill. A physicochemical characterization of the two deposits completed the leaching test. The biological activity was monitored by measuring O(2) consumption and CO(2) production. pH, DOC/OM, VFA/DOC ratios and the SUVA index was measured in the leaching juice to assess both the state of degradation of the waste in the deposits and the ability of the organic matter to be mobilized quickly and to be easily assimilated by microorganisms. The biodegradability of waste from the city of Kara correlated with their origin even though the physical characteristics of the two deposits studied differed greatly. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Associations between bride price obligations and women's anger, symptoms of mental distress, poverty, spouse and family conflict and preoccupations with injustice in conflict-affected Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Rees, Susan; Mohsin, Mohammed; Tay, Alvin Kuowei; Thorpe, Rosamund; Murray, Samantha; Savio, Elisa; Fonseca, Mira; Tol, Wietse; Silove, Derrick

2016-01-01

Bride price is a widespread custom in many parts of the world, including in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. We hypothesised that problems relating to the obligatory ongoing remittances made by the husband and his family to the bride's family may be a source of mental disturbance (in the form of explosive anger and severe mental distress) among women. In addition, we postulated that problems arising with bride price would be associated with conflict with the spouse and family, poverty and women's preoccupations with injustice. A mixed-methods study comprising a total community household survey and semistructured qualitative interviews. Two villages, one urban, the other rural, in Timor-Leste. 1193 married women participated in the household survey and a structured subsample of 77 women participated in qualitative interviews. Problems with bride price showed a consistent dose-effect relationship with sudden episodes of explosive anger, excessive anger and severe psychological distress. Women with the most severe problems with bride price had twice the poverty scores as those with no problems with the custom. Women with the most severe problems with bride price also reported a threefold increase in conflict with their spouse and a fivefold increase in conflict with family. They also reported heightened preoccupations with injustice. Our study is the first to show consistent associations between problems with bride price obligations and mental distress, poverty, conflict with spouse and family and preoccupations with injustice among women in a low-income, postconflict country.

UNMISET - prvo angažovanje Savezne Republike Jugoslavije u multinacionalnim operacijama

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor Šćepanović

2014-02-01

Full Text Available United Nations engagement in East Timor is one of very few examples of comprehensive actions of the international community, starting from establishment of the statehood to resolving internal conflicts. The article gives a short history of conflict in East Timor which led to the establishment of one of the UN missions in East Timor-UNMISET.32 Article briefly displays the mission’s work, its results, but also points to the weaknesses and unsolved issues. Beside that, as this UN mission has some significance for Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and State Union of Serbia and Montenegro33 having its first peacekeeping military engagement after break up of Socialistic Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the article briefly displays engagement of its military capacities in UNMISET.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Pratique de la transfusion sanguine perioperatoire au Togo: etude multicentrique nationale. Abstract · Vol 19, No 1 (2017) - Articles Prise en charge des urgences au service d'accueil des urgences Chirurgicales du CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lome (Togo) : difficultes, solutions et perspectives. Abstract. ISSN: 2413-354X.

A Grammar of Logba (Ikpana)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dorvlo, Kofi

2008-01-01

This dissertation presents a comprehensive description of the grammar of Logba, one of the fourteen Ghana-Togo Mountain (GTM) languages spoken by approximately 7,500 speakers on the Southeastern frontier of the Ghana-Togo border. It is the outcome of fifteen months research in Logba speaking

Enquêtes Entomologique et Parasitologique Sur Les ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cross-sectional entomological and parasitological surveys were conducted between mid-August and September 2011 on 180 cattle at the Agronomic Research Institute of Togo (ITRA) station of Avetonou located in the Prefecture of Agou in Togo. These surveys were intended to update epidemiological data on animal ...

Distribution spatiale du singe à ventre rouge, Cercopithecus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

danger et endémique du Dahomey Gap est très peu documenté au Togo. Pour connaître sa ..... chaque secteur prospecté ainsi que celui du complexe en entier. ..... 2008-009 portant loi-cadre sur l'environnement au Togo. JO du 06 juin. 2008.

Metastases cerebrales d'un cancer de l'endometre: a propos d'une ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mots clés: cancer, endomètre, métastases, cerveau, Lomé, Togo. English Title: Brain metastases of endometrial cancer: an observation at Lome and literature review. English Abstract. Introduction: document the clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and prognostic of brain metastases of endometrial cancer in hospital in Togo.

Evaluation of available phosphorus and cadmium associated with phosphate rock for direct application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chien, S.H.

2002-01-01

Three greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate available P and Cd associated with the use of phosphate rock (PR) for direct application. These experiments were: (1) 'Estimation of Phosphorus Availability to Maize and Cowpea From Phosphate Rock as Enhanced by Water-Soluble Phosphorus'; (2) 'Modified Iron Oxide-Impregnated Paper Strip (Pi) Test for Soils Treated With Phosphate Fertilizers'; and (3) 'Effect of Acidulation of High Cadmium Containing Phosphate Rocks on Cadmium Uptake by Upland Rice'. In the first experiment, a medium-reactive Central Florida phosphate rock (PR) was used. The effectiveness of P sources in terms of increasing dry-matter yield and P uptake followed the order of TSP≥(PR+TSP)>PR for maize and TSP=(TSP+PR)>PR for cowpea. P uptake from PR in the presence of TSP was higher than P uptake from PR applied alone. With respect to P uptake from PR applied alone, the corresponding relative increase in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence was 165% for maize and 72% for cowpea. In the second experiment, a highly reactive North Carolina PR was used. Both Bray I and the Pi test (with CaCl 2 ) underestimated available P from PR with respect to TSP. Available P estimated by the Pi test with KCl was more closely related to P uptake with both PR and TSP. More P was extracted from PR by the Pi test with KCl than with CaCl 2 , whereas no effect was observed for TSP. In the third experiment, a low-reactive Togo PR and a highly reactive North Carolina PR were used. Both PRs were fully acidulated to SSP and Togo PR was also partially acidulated with H 2 SO 4 at 50% level to PAPR. Cd uptake by rice grain followed the order of NC-SSP > NC-PR and Togo-SSP > Togo PAPR > Togo PR. The results also showed that most of the Cd uptake was retained in rice root and straw. Total uptake of Cd, Ca, and P by the rice plant was higher from NC-PR than from Togo-PR. Cd concentration in rice grain showed no significant difference between NC-PR and Togo-PR, whereas Cd

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, severe psychological distress, explosive anger and grief amongst partners of survivors of high levels of trauma in post-conflict Timor-Leste.

Science.gov (United States)

Silove, D M; Tay, A K; Steel, Z; Tam, N; Soares, Z; Soares, C; Dos Reis, N; Alves, A; Rees, S

2017-01-01

Little is known about the mental health of partners of survivors of high levels of trauma in post-conflict countries. We studied 677 spouse dyads (n = 1354) drawn from a community survey (response 82.4%) in post-conflict Timor-Leste. We used culturally adapted measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological distress, explosive anger and grief. Latent class analysis identified three classes of couples: class 1, comprising women with higher trauma events (TEs), men with intermediate TEs (19%); class 2, including men with higher TEs, women with lower TEs (23%); and class 3, comprising couples in which men and women had lower TE exposure (58%) (the reference group). Men and women partners of survivors of higher TE exposure (classes 1 and 2) had increased symptoms of explosive anger and grief compared with the reference class (class 3). Women partners of survivors of higher TE exposure (class 2) had a 20-fold increased rate of PTSD symptoms compared with the reference class, a pattern that was not evident for men living with women exposed to higher levels of trauma (class 1). Men and women living with survivors of higher levels of trauma showed an increase in symptoms of grief and explosive anger. The manifold higher rate of PTSD symptoms amongst women living with men exposed to high levels of trauma requires replication. It is important to assess the mental health of partners when treating survivors of high levels of trauma in post-conflict settings.

Hepatitis B infection in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background. No data are available on HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus coinfection in Togo, and patients are not routinely tested for HBV infection. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of HBV and the risk of HBV drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment in HIV-coinfected patients in Togo. Method.

Semi-Commercial and Traditional Hunting of Baar Tribe in Riung, Flores, East Nusa Tenggara

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Kayat Kayat

2017-01-01

Hunting is one of the aspects that influence number of wild animals. The article aims at describing semi-comercial and traditional hunting concept of Baar Tribe in East Nusa Tenggara as an alternative for wild animal conservation.  The data collection methods are guided interview, in-depth interview and participant observation. The findings show that in the semi-comercial and traditional hunting concept of Baar Tribe in East Nusa Tenggara, traditional wisdom is represented by hunting techniques and equipments. It is likely that rapid semi-commercial hunting conducted by certain members of Baar tribe causes sharp decline in the population of wild animals. On the other hand, annual traditional hunting which strictly follows traditional code of conduct can maintain Timor deer population in Timor. Keywords: hunting, population, semi-commercial, traditional, Timor deer

Are osseous artefacts a window to perishable material culture? Implications of an unusually complex bone tool from the Late Pleistocene of East Timor.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Connor, S; Robertson, G; Aplin, K P

2014-02-01

We report the discovery of an unusually complex and regionally unique bone artefact in a Late Pleistocene archaeological assemblage (c. 35 ka [thousands of years ago]) from the site of Matja Kuru 2 on the island of Timor, in Wallacea. The artefact is interpreted as the broken butt of a formerly hafted projectile point, and it preserves evidence of a complex hafting mechanism including insertion into a shaped or split shaft, a complex pattern of binding including lateral stabilization of the cordage within a bilateral series of notches, and the application of mastic at several stages in the hafting process. The artefact provides the earliest direct evidence for the use of this combination of hafting technologies in the wider region of Southeast Asia, Wallacea, Melanesia and Australasia, and is morphologically unparallelled in deposits of any age. By contrast, it bears a close morphological resemblance to certain bone artefacts from the Middle Stone Age of Africa and South Asia. Examination of ethnographic projectile technology from the region of Melanesia and Australasia shows that all of the technological elements observed in the Matja Kuru 2 artefact were in use historically in the region, including the unusual feature of bilateral notching to stabilize a hafted point. This artefact challenges the notion that complex bone-working and hafting technologies were a relatively late innovation in this part of the world. Moreover, its regional uniqueness encourages us to abandon the perception of bone artefacts as a discrete class of material culture, and to adopt a new interpretative framework in which they are treated as manifestations of a more general class of artefacts that more typically were produced on perishable raw materials including wood. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spondylodiscite cervicale en consultation rhumatologique à Lomé ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... outpatients in Lomé (Togo) The authors report the epidemiological and clinical features of 12 cases of cervical localization of spondylodiscitis. This survey reveals the rarity of this localization in spite of the importance of the spine localization of the infections in Lomé. Keys words: Africa, neck pain, spinal infection, Togo.

Pengorganisasian Desa Siaga di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (Studi di Desa Tuabatan, Desa Noeltoko dan Desa Noepesu

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Suharmiati Suharmiati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Organizing Alert Village is one of the efforts made by the North Central Timor Regency for improving maternal and child health. This study aims to assess the viability and form of participation in the organization of the standby system in particular at the level of the village as well as the specific tradition naketi. The study was conducted in August-November 2012 at the village health center Bijaepasu Tuabatan in the region, as well as the village health center Noeltoko and Noepesu region Eban. Types of non-intervention research with exploratory design. Information was obtained through in-depth interviews and direct observation. As informants are community leaders, religious leaders, LKMD, midwives and members of the network. There were six networks in each village that notification, transportation, planning, funding, and Blood Exclusive breastfeedin, but there is also a network of Community Total Sanitation (STBM in Tuabatan Village and Disaster networking in Noeltoko Village.Networking meetings are conducted regularly every month, led the meeting with an agenda initiator activity reports of each network , the problems that occurred during the current month as well as alternative solutions. There is a common tradition Naketi at between 7-9 months of gestation, namely the recognition of the wives to their husbands face to face followed by recantation married to a big family (parents/in-laws. Community-based alert system through idle villagers networking proved effective enough to increase public awareness of health in their communities. Indicators of success, terdatanya all pregnant women and women giving birth by the people themselves through their networks, not by medical personnel. All efforts deliveries in health facilities involves a commitment with all networks. Discussion and dialogue is quite intensive in networking meeting to adequately describe their high spirits for the improvement of health in their village. Naketi tradition as a

Problematique de la prise en charge des cancers broncho ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le coût moyen d'une cure de chimiothérapie variait de 776 à 1010 euros. ... Difficulties related to the management of primitive lung cancer in Togo. ... or strongly suspected and not eliminated in the teaching hospital of Sylvanus Olympio in Lome (Togo). ... The treatment was palliative care with chemotherapy in 2.98%.

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Valeurs de reference de la creatinine serique chez les donneurs de sang au Centre National De Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) de Lome (Togo) Abstract · Vol 16, No 2 (2014) - Articles Profil de l'hemogramme au cours de l'acces palustre simple a Plasmodium falciparum chez les enfants de 6 mois a 5 ans au Togo.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Togo) Abstract · Vol 15, No 1 (2013): Series A, B, D, E - Articles La grossesse chez l'adolescente à l'hôpital de Tsévié (Togo) : précocité des premiers rapports sexuels en Afrique Abstract · Vol 16, No 1 (2014): Series A,B,C,D,E - Articles Pratiques ...

1814-IJBCS-Article-Aziadekey Guido

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Mawuli AZIADEKEY 1*, Komi ODAH 2 et Ayayi ATAYI 1. 1Département de Production Végétale, Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie, Université de Lomé,. BP : 1515, Lomé, Togo. 2Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé,. BP : 1515 Lomé, Togo. *Auteur correspondant ...

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé doit être abrégé sous la forme: J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo). Les articles du Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé (Togo) sont abstractés et indexés dans la base de données AJOL.

Profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectifs: Étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs du cancer de la prostate dans le service d'urologie du CHU-Sylvanus Olympio du Togo. Patients et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de mars 2011 à mars 2014 sur les patients suivis pour cancer de la prostate au Togo.

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Focus and Scope. Le Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé doit être abrégé sous la forme: J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo). Les articles du Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé (Togo) sont abstractés et indexés dans la base de données AJOL.

Invasive ants compete with and modify the trophic ecology of hermit crabs on tropical islands.

Science.gov (United States)

McNatty, Alice; Abbott, Kirsti L; Lester, Philip J

2009-05-01

Invasive species can dramatically alter trophic interactions. Predation is the predominant trophic interaction generally considered to be responsible for ecological change after invasion. In contrast, how frequently competition from invasive species contributes to the decline of native species remains controversial. Here, we demonstrate how the trophic ecology of the remote atoll nation of Tokelau is changing due to competition between invasive ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes) and native terrestrial hermit crabs (Coenobita spp.) for carrion. A significant negative correlation was observed between A. gracilipes and hermit crab abundance. On islands with A. gracilipes, crabs were generally restricted to the periphery of invaded islands. Very few hermit crabs were found in central areas of these islands where A. gracilipes abundances were highest. Ant exclusion experiments demonstrated that changes in the abundance and distribution of hermit crabs on Tokelau are a result of competition. The ants did not kill the hermit crabs. Rather, when highly abundant, A. gracilipes attacked crabs by spraying acid and drove crabs away from carrion resources. Analysis of naturally occurring N and C isotopes suggests that the ants are effectively lowering the trophic level of crabs. According to delta(15) N values, hermit crabs have a relatively high trophic level on islands where A. gracilipes have not invaded. In contrast, where these ants have invaded we observed a significant decrease in delta(15) N for all crab species. This result concurs with our experiment in suggesting long-term exclusion from carrion resources, driving co-occurring crabs towards a more herbivorous diet. Changes in hermit crab abundance or distribution may have major ramifications for the stability of plant communities. Because A. gracilipes have invaded many tropical islands where the predominant scavengers are hermit crabs, we consider that their competitive effects are likely to be more prominent in

Comparison of greenhouse and 32P isotopic laboratory methods for evaluating the agronomic effectiveness of natural and modified rock phosphates in some acid soils of Ghana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Owusu-Bennoah, E.; Zapata, F.; Fardeau, J.C.

2002-01-01

Phosphorus deficiency is one of the major constraints for normal plant growth and crop yields in the acid soils of Ghana and therefore addition of P inputs is required for sustainable crop production. This is often difficult, if not impossible for small-scale farmers due to the high cost of mineral P fertilizers and limited access to fertilizer supplies. Direct application of finely ground phosphate rocks (PRs) and their modified forms have been recommended as alternatives for P fertilization. The direct application of the natural and modified PRs to these acid soils implies the need to predict their agronomic effectiveness of the PRs in the simplest and most cost-effective manner. In this study the classical greenhouse pot experiment was compared to the 32 P isotopic kinetics laboratory method for evaluating the agronomic effectiveness of natural and modified Togo PR in six highly weathered Oxisols from southwest Ghana. In the 32 P isotopic kinetics laboratory experiment the six soil samples were each fertilised at the rate of 50 mg P kg -1 soil in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP), Togo PAPR-50%, and Togo PR, respectively. Controls without P amendment were also included. Isotopic exchange kinetics experiments were carried out on two sets of samples, immediately after P fertilizer additions (without incubation) and after 6 weeks of incubation under wet conditions and at a room temperature of 25 deg C. In the greenhouse pot experiment, P fertilizers in the form of Togo PR, Togo PAPR, Mali PR and TSP were each applied to the six soils at rates equivalent to 0, 30, 60, and 120 kg P ha -1 , respectively. The P fertilizers were mixed with the soils and maize (Zea mays L.) variety Obatanpa was grown for 42 days before harvest. The isotopic kinetics data of the control samples indicated that 5 of the studied soils had very low P fertility status as reflected by their low P concentrations in solution (C P -1 ) and low exchangeable P (E 1 min -1 ). The capacity

Fascinating and forgotten: the conservation status of marine elapid snakes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2013-01-01

Australia. Three of the seven threatened species occur at Ashmore and Hibernia Reefs in the Timor Sea, while the remaining threatened taxa occur in the Philippines, Niue, and Solomon Islands. The majority of Data Deficient species are found in Southeast Asia. Threats to marine snakes include loss of coral...... reefs and coastal habitat, incidental bycatch in fisheries, as well as fisheries that target snakes for leather. The presence of two Critically Endangered and one Endangered species in the Timor Sea suggests the area is of particular conservation concern. More rigorous, long-term monitoring...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation de la quantité des métaux lourds dans la décharge d'Agoè (Lomé- Togo): Cas du plomb, cadmium, cuivre, nickel et zinc. Abstract PDF · Vol 6, ... Effets de composts de déchets sur les propriétés chimiques du sol et la solubilité d'éléments minéraux sous deux régimes hydriques en conditions contrôlées au Togo

Assessment of policy and access to HIV prevention, care, and treatment services for men who have sex with men and for sex workers in Burkina Faso and Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Duvall, Sandra; Irani, Laili; Compaoré, Cyrille; Sanon, Patrice; Bassonon, Dieudonne; Anato, Simplice; Agounke, Jeannine; Hodo, Ama; Kugbe, Yves; Chaold, Gertrude; Nigobora, Berry; MacInnis, Ron

2015-03-01

In Burkina Faso and Togo, key populations of men who have sex with men (MSM) and sex workers (SW) have a disproportionately higher HIV prevalence. This study analyzed the 2 countries' policies impacting MSM and SW; to what extent the policies and programs have been implemented; and the role of the enabling environment, country leadership, and donor support. The Health Policy Project's Policy Assessment and Advocacy Decision Model methodology was used to analyze policy and program documents related to key populations, conduct key informant interviews, and hold stakeholder meetings to validate the findings. Several policy barriers restrict MSM/SW from accessing services. Laws criminalizing MSM/SW, particularly anti-solicitation laws, result in harassment and arrests of even nonsoliciting MSM/SW. Policy gaps exist, including few MSM/SW-supportive policies and HIV prevention measures, e.g., lubricant not included in the essential medicines list. The needs of key populations are generally not met due to policy gaps around MSM/SW participation in decision-making and funding allocation for MSM/SW-specific programming. Misaligned policies, eg, contradictory informed consent laws and protocols, and uneven policy implementation, such as stockouts of sexually transmitted infection kits, HIV testing materials, and antiretrovirals, undermine evidence-based policies. Even in the presence of a supportive donor and political community, public stigma and discrimination (S&D) create a hostile enabling environment. Policies are needed to address S&D, particularly health care provider and law enforcement training, and to authorize, fund, guide, and monitor services for key populations. MSM/SW participation and development of operational guidelines can improve policy implementation and service uptake.

Traumatic events, other operational stressors and physical and mental health reported by Australian Defence Force personnel following peacekeeping and war-like deployments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waller Michael

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The association between stressful events on warlike deployments and subsequent mental health problems has been established. Less is known about the effects of stressful events on peacekeeping deployments. Methods Two cross sectional studies of the Australian Defence Force were used to contrast the prevalence of exposures reported by a group deployed on a peacekeeping operation (Bougainville, n = 1704 and those reported by a group deployed on operations which included warlike and non-warlike exposures (East Timor, n = 1333. A principal components analysis was used to identify groupings of non-traumatic exposures on deployment. Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between self-reported objective and subjective exposures, stressors on deployment and subsequent physical and mental health outcomes. Results The principal components analysis produced four groups of non-traumatic stressors which were consistent between the peacekeeping and more warlike deployments. These were labelled ‘separation’, ‘different culture’, ‘other people’ and ‘work frustration’. Higher levels of traumatic and non-traumatic exposures were reported by veterans of East Timor compared to Bougainville. Higher levels of subjective traumatic exposures were associated with increased rates of PTSD in East Timor veterans and more physical and psychological health symptoms in both deployed groups. In Bougainville and East Timor veterans some non-traumatic deployment stressors were also associated with worse health outcomes. Conclusion Strategies to best prepare, identify and treat those exposed to traumatic events and other stressors on deployment should be considered for Defence personnel deployed on both warlike and peacekeeping operations.

Analysis of pig movements across eastern Indonesia, 2009-2010.

Science.gov (United States)

Leslie, Edwina E C; Christley, Robert M; Geong, Maria; Ward, Michael P; Toribio, Jenny-Ann L M L

2015-03-01

Knowledge of live animal movement through markets and from farm-to-farm is needed to inform strategies for control of trans-boundary animal diseases (TADs) in south-east Asia, particularly due to consumer preference for fresh meat. In eastern Indonesia a TAD of principal interest for control is classical swine fever (CSF) due to its impacts on smallholder farmers. Pig movement is considered a contributor to failure of current CSF control efforts but pig movement patterns are not well understood. This study investigated movement of live pigs in West Timor, Flores and Sumba islands during 2009-2010, with the aim of informing CSF control policies for Nusa Tenggara Timor province. A market survey of 292 pig sellers and 281 pig buyers across nine live pig markets and a farmer survey across 18 villages with 289 smallholder farmers were conducted and information collected on pig movements. The data obtained was used for social network analysis (SNA) on formal (via a market) and informal (village-to-village) movements using information on trading practices, source and destination locations, and the number of pigs being moved. Both inter- and intra-island movements were identified, however inter-island movement was only observed between Flores and Sumba islands. West Timor and Sumba had highly connected networks where large numbers of villages were directly and indirectly linked through pig movement. Further for West Timor, both formal and informal pig movements linked the capital Kupang, on the eastern end of the island to the western districts bordering East Timor connecting all five districts and demonstrating that informal movement transports pigs over distances similar to formal movement on this island. Sumba had a higher potential for pigs to move to a greater number of sequential locations across the entire island. Flores was found to have a more fragmented network, with pig movements concentrated in its eastern or western regions, influenced by terrain. Markets were

Vente d'artisanat

CERN Multimedia

Staff Associaiton

2014-01-01

  Éducation et Libération Vente d’artisanat du Tiers Monde Mardi 22 et mercredi 23 avril 2014 CERN, Bâtiment principal Togo, École Arc en ciel, construction des salles de classe. Appel pour le financement de ce chantier afin de libérer l’école de la charge des loyers payés pendant des années. Après nos réalisations en Amérique latine et au Bénin, nous mobilisons nos efforts pour l’école Arc en ciel de Kpémé, au Togo, sur les bords de l’Océan, à mi-chemin entre Lomé et la frontière entre le Bénin et le Togo. Il s’agit d’une école primaire privée, laïque qui a très bonne réputation en termes de résultats, notamment pour les écoliers en fin de scolar...

Solidarité

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Pierre Lagnaux, Secrétaire général

2011-01-01

Éducation et Libération   Vente de printemps au bénéfice des populations sinistrées du Togo et du Bénin Mercredi 13 et jeudi 14 avril Bâtiment principal   A l’automne 2010, le sud du Togo et du Bénin a été submergé par des pluies exceptionnellement fortes. Éducation et Libération soutient dans le sud de ces deux pays, des programmes de formation scolaire et professionnelle qui ont subi les effets dévastateurs de ces pluies. Ces programmes comportent aussi un volet agricole par la mise en valeur de 13 hectares plantés en maïs, manioc et ananas bio au Bénin et par l’élevage de lapins dans les deux pays et de poules pondeuses au Togo. Écoles, ateliers, champs ont subi des dégâts mais aussi les habitations des familles, les chemins et les routes. Votre ...

Solidarity

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Pierre Lagnaux, Secrétaire général

2011-01-01

Éducation et libération Vente au bénéfice des populations du Togo et du Bénin Lundi 14 et mardi 15 novembre Bâtiment principal Il y a un an, le sud du Togo et du Bénin a été submergé par des pluies exceptionnellement fortes. Éducation et Libération soutient dans le sud de ces deux pays, des programmes de formation scolaire et professionnelle qui ont subi les effets dévastateurs de ces pluies. Ces programmes comportent aussi un volet agricole par la mise en valeur de 13 hectares plantés en maïs, manioc et ananas bio au Bénin et par l’élevage de lapins dans les deux pays et de poules pondeuses au Togo. Écoles, ateliers, champs ont subi des dégâts mais aussi les habitations des familles, les chemins et les routes. Votre appui sera précieux pour que nos amis puissent retrouve...

Solidarité

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2010-01-01

Vente de Noël au bénéfice des populations sinistrées du Togo et du Bénin    Appel d’Éducation et Libération Mardi 23 et Mercredi 24 novembre Depuis septembre, le sud du Togo et du Bénin est submergé par des pluies exceptionnellement fortes. Éducation et Libération soutient dans le sud de ces deux pays, des programmes de formation scolaire et professionnelle qui subissent les effets dévastateurs de ces pluies. Ces programmes comportent aussi un volet agricole par la mise en valeur de 13 hectares plantés en maïs, manioc et ananas bio au Bénin et par l’élevage de lapins dans les deux pays et de poules pondeuses au Togo. Écoles, ateliers, champs ont subi des dégâts mais aussi les habitations des familles, les chemins et les routes. Votre appui sera précieux...

Éducation et Libération

CERN Multimedia

Education et Libération

2013-01-01

Vente d’artisanat du Tiers Monde Mardi 29 et mercredi 30 octobre 2013 CERN, Bâtiment principal Togo, Ecole Arc en ciel, construction des salles de classe. Appel pour le financement de ce chantier afin de libérer l’école de la charge des loyers payés pendant des années. Après nos réalisations en Amérique latine et au Bénin, nous mobilisons nos efforts pour l’école Arc en ciel de Kpeme, au Togo, sur les bords de l’Océan, à mi-chemin entre Lome et la frontière entre le Bénin et le Togo. Il s’agit d’une école primaire privée, laïque qui a très bonne réputation en termes de résultats, notamment pour les écoliers  en fin de scolarité primaire. Cela fait plusieurs années déjà q...

Education et Libération

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Pierre Lagnaux

2013-01-01

Vente d’artisanat du Tiers Monde Jeudi 23 et vendredi 24 mai 2013 CERN, Bâtiment principal Togo, Ecole Arc en ciel, construction des salles de classe. Appel pour le financement de ce chantier afin de libérer l’école de la charge des loyers payés pendant des années. Après nos réalisations en Amérique latine et au Bénin, nous mobilisons nos efforts pour l’école Arc en ciel de Kpeme, au Togo, sur les bords de l’Océan, à mi-chemin entre Lome et la frontière entre le Bénin et le Togo. Il s’agit d’une école primaire privée, laïque qui a très bonne réputation en termes de résultats, notamment pour les écoliers  en fin de scolarité primaire. Cela fait plusieurs années déjà que no...

Tectonics and oil prospects of the Moluccas, Eastern Indonesia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gribi, Jr, E A

1973-07-01

The greater Moluccas are bounded by the Pacific and Indian oceanic plates and the greater Australian and Sunda continental crustal plates or shelves.The effect of their opposing movement is a giant counterclockwise sworl. The island arcs within this pattern are parts of subduction zones between the opposing plates. The Sorong transform left lateral fault resulted from these forces and offset remnants of the W. Irian shelf terrane at least 700 km westerly to the Sula islands. Sedimentary rocks of pre-Pliocene to Permian age occur notably in Timor and the Sula islands. In most localities they are deformed and indurated to the extent of making them economic basement. Plio-Pleistocene linear sedimentary basins follow the ''S'' trend and reach a maximum of 3,000 m in thickness in NE. Ceram and Timor. Rocks include deep water claystones, shelf and lagoonal clays, bar and beach sands, and barrier coral reefs. Oil seeps occur on Ceram, Timor, and Buton (asphalt) mostly from Plio-Pleistocene rocks. Oil is produced at Bula, Ceram, from Pleistocene bar and shoreline sands in stratigraphic traps. A recent development at Bula has established prolific production from an extremely permeable Pleistocene reef.

Intimate partner sexual and physical violence among women in Togo, West Africa: Prevalence, associated factors, and the specific role of HIV infection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Burgos-Soto

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Background: A substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa occur within serodiscordant cohabiting heterosexual couples. Intimate partner violence is a major concern for couple-oriented HIV preventive approaches. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner physical and sexual violence among HIV-infected and -uninfected women in Togo. We also described the severity and consequences of this violence as well as care-seeking behaviors of women exposed to intimate partner violence. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and July 2011 within Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé. HIV-infected women attending HIV care and uninfected women attending postnatal care and/or children immunization visits were interviewed. Intimate partner physical and sexual violence and controlling behaviors were assessed using an adapted version of the WHO Multi-country study on Women's Health and Life Events questionnaire. Results: Overall, 150 HIV-uninfected and 304 HIV-infected women accepted to be interviewed. The prevalence rates of lifetime physical and sexual violence among HIV-infected women were significantly higher than among uninfected women (63.1 vs. 39.3%, p<0.01 and 69.7 vs. 35.3%, p<0.01, respectively. Forty-two percent of the women reported having ever had physical injuries as a consequence of intimate partner violence. Among injured women, only one-third had ever disclosed real causes of injuries to medical staff and none of them had been referred to local organizations to receive appropriate psychological support. Regardless of HIV status and after adjustment on potential confounders, the risk of intimate partner physical and sexual violence was strongly and significantly associated with male partner multi-partnership and early start of sexual life. Among uninfected women, physical violence was significantly associated with gender submissive

Potential risk of regional disease spread in West Africa through cross-border cattle trade.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna S Dean

Full Text Available Transboundary animal movements facilitate the spread of pathogens across large distances. Cross-border cattle trade is of economic and cultural importance in West Africa. This study explores the potential disease risk resulting from large-scale, cross-border cattle trade between Togo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria for the first time.A questionnaire-based survey of livestock movements of 226 cattle traders was conducted in the 9 biggest cattle markets of northern Togo in February-March 2012. More than half of the traders (53.5% operated in at least one other country. Animal flows were stochastically simulated based on reported movements and the risk of regional disease spread assessed. More than three quarters (79.2%, range: 78.1-80.0% of cattle flowing into the market system originated from other countries. Through the cattle market system of northern Togo, non-neighbouring countries were connected via potential routes for disease spread. Even for diseases with low transmissibility and low prevalence in a given country, there was a high risk of disease introduction into other countries.By stochastically simulating data collected by interviewing cattle traders in northern Togo, this study identifies potential risks for regional disease spread in West Africa through cross-border cattle trade. The findings highlight that surveillance for emerging infectious diseases as well as control activities targeting endemic diseases in West Africa are likely to be ineffective if only conducted at a national level. A regional approach to disease surveillance, prevention and control is essential.

Potential Risk of Regional Disease Spread in West Africa through Cross-Border Cattle Trade

Science.gov (United States)

Dean, Anna S.; Fournié, Guillaume; Kulo, Abalo E.; Boukaya, G. Aboudou; Schelling, Esther; Bonfoh, Bassirou

2013-01-01

Background Transboundary animal movements facilitate the spread of pathogens across large distances. Cross-border cattle trade is of economic and cultural importance in West Africa. This study explores the potential disease risk resulting from large-scale, cross-border cattle trade between Togo, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria for the first time. Methods and Principal Findings A questionnaire-based survey of livestock movements of 226 cattle traders was conducted in the 9 biggest cattle markets of northern Togo in February-March 2012. More than half of the traders (53.5%) operated in at least one other country. Animal flows were stochastically simulated based on reported movements and the risk of regional disease spread assessed. More than three quarters (79.2%, range: 78.1–80.0%) of cattle flowing into the market system originated from other countries. Through the cattle market system of northern Togo, non-neighbouring countries were connected via potential routes for disease spread. Even for diseases with low transmissibility and low prevalence in a given country, there was a high risk of disease introduction into other countries. Conclusions By stochastically simulating data collected by interviewing cattle traders in northern Togo, this study identifies potential risks for regional disease spread in West Africa through cross-border cattle trade. The findings highlight that surveillance for emerging infectious diseases as well as control activities targeting endemic diseases in West Africa are likely to be ineffective if only conducted at a national level. A regional approach to disease surveillance, prevention and control is essential. PMID:24130721

Provenance of Permian-Triassic Gondwana Sequence Units Accreted to the Banda Arc: Constraints from U/Pb and Hf Analysis of Zircons and Igneous Geochemistry

Science.gov (United States)

Flores, J. A.; Spencer, C. J.; Harris, R. A.; Hoiland, C.

2011-12-01

Analysis of zircons from Australian affinity Permo-Triassic units of the Timor region yield age distributions with large peaks at 230-400 Ma and 1750-1900 Ma (n=435). Similar zircon age peaks are also found in rocks from NE Australia and the eastern Cimmerian block. It is likely that these terranes, which are now widely separated, were once part of the northern edge of Gondwana near what is now the NW margin of Australia. The Cimmerian Block was removed from Gondwana during Early Permian rifting and initiation of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Hf analysis of zircon from the Aileu Complex in Timor and Kisar shows bimodal (juvenial and evolved) magmatism in the Gondwana Sequence of NW Australia at ~300 Ma. The magmatic event produced basalt with rift valley and ocean floor geochemical affinities, and rhyolite. Similar rock types and isotopic signatures are also found in Permo-Triassic igneous units throughout the Cimmerian continental block. The part of the Cimmerian Block with zircon distributions most like the Gondwana Sequence of NW Australia is the terranes of northern Tibet and Malaysia. The large 1750-1900 Ma zircon peak is much more wide spread, and appears in terranes from Baoshan (SW China) to Borneo. The Permo-Triassic rocks of the Timor region fill syn-rift intracratonic basins that successfully rifted in the Jurassic to form the NW margin of Australia. This passive continental margin first entered the Sunda Trench in the Timor region at around 8 Ma causing the Permo-Triassic rocks to accrete to the edge of the Asian Plate and emerge as a series of mountainous islands in the young collision zone. Eventually, the Australian continental margin will collide with the southern edge of the Asian plate and these Gondwana terranes will rejoin. However, it may be difficult to reconstruct the various ventures of they made over the past 300 Ma.

77 FR 66799 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Notice of 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-07

..., China, Christmas Island, Comoro Islands, East Timor, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia... landscape, abundance, spatial distribution) as a measure of its margin of safety to withstand catastrophic...

The β fibrinogen gene G-455A polymorphism in Asian subjects with ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jonny Karunia Fajar

2016-08-10

Aug 10, 2016 ... Conclusions: In the Asian population, the b fibrinogen gene G-455A polymorphism was associ- ..... Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, ... Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab.

Blindness and Visual Impairment Profile and Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in South East Asia: Analysis of New Data. 2017 APAO Holmes Lecture.

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Taraprasad

2018-03-13

The International Agency for Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) South East Asia region (SEAR) that consists of 11 countries contains 26% of the world's population (1,761,000,000). In this region 12 million are blind and 78.5 million are visually impaired. This amounts to 30% of global blindness and 32% of global visual impairment. Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey analysis. RAAB, either a repeat or a first time survey, was completed in 8 countries in this decade (2010 onwards). These include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Timor Leste. Cataract is the principal cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in all countries. Refractive error is the principal cause of moderate visual impairment in 4 countries: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, and Sri Lanka; cataract continues to be the principal cause of moderate visual impairment in 4 other countries: Bhutan, Indonesia, Thailand, and Timor Leste. Outcome of cataract surgery is suboptimal in the Maldives and Timor Leste. Rigorous focus is necessary to improve cataract surgery outcomes and correction of refractive error without neglecting the quality of care. At the same time allowances must be made for care of the emerging causes of visual impairment and blindness such as glaucoma and posterior segment disorders, particularly diabetic retinopathy. Copyright 2018 Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology.

Plate boundary reorganization in the active Banda Arc-continent collision: Insights from new GPS measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Nugroho, Hendro; Harris, Ron; Lestariya, Amin W.; Maruf, Bilal

2009-12-01

New GPS measurements reveal that large sections of the SE Asian Plate are progressively accreting to the edge of the Australian continent by distribution of strain away from the deformation front to forearc and backarc plate boundary segments. The study was designed to investigate relative motions across suspected plate boundary segments in the transition from subduction to collision. The oblique nature of the collision provides a way to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of strain from the deformation front to the back arc. The 12 sites we measured from Bali to Timor included some from an earlier study and 7 additional stations, which extended the epoch of observation to ten years at many sites. The resulting GPS velocity field delineates at least three Sunda Arc-forearc regions around 500 km in strike-length that shows different amounts of coupling to the Australian Plate. Movement of these regions relative to SE Asia increases from 21% to 41% to 63% eastward toward the most advanced stages of collision. The regions are bounded by the deformation front to the south, the Flores-Wetar backarc thrust system to the north, and poorly defined structures on the sides. The suture zone between the NW Australian continental margin and the Sunda-Banda Arcs is still evolving with more than 20 mm/yr of movement measured across the Timor Trough deformation front between Timor and Australia.

EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN PEMEKARAN KECAMATAN YANG BERBASIS PELAYANAN PUBLIK PADA SEKTOR PENDIDIKAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles Banoet

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract South Central Timor regency administration is an area with a broad range of services. To optimize public service for the community, by 2013 the number of districts has been in expand into 32 districts. Research purposes is to figure out how the implementation of the policy widened the territory based the public services, particully in the education sector. This type of research is empiric juridic or in other words sociological study of law with statutory approach, sociological approach, conceptual approach and a case approach. Research data collected were analyzed with descriptive analytical method. The results showed that in general the expansion policy districts in South Central Timor has been on target but in terms of public services, especially in the education sector do not maximized because there is less or limited staff, poor quality of science held by educators as well as the lack of infrastructure educational support such as libraries, laboratories and classrooms. Key words: policy, redistricting, public service, education   Abstrak Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan merupakan suatu wilayah Pemerintahan dengan jangkauan layanan yang cukup luas. Untuk mengoptimalkan pelayanan publik bagi masyarakat, hingga tahun 2013 jumlah kecamatan yang ada telah di mekarkan menjadi 32 kecamatan.Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pemekaran wilayah yang berbasis pelayanan publik khususnya pada sektor  pendidikan. Jenis penilitian yang di gunakan adalah yuridis empiris atau dengan kata lain penelitian hukum sosiologis dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan sosiologis, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus. Data penelitian yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kebijakan pemekaran kecamatan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan secara umum sudah tepat sasaran namun dalam hal pelayanan publik khususnya di sektor pendidikan belum maksimal

Smokeless tobacco use among adults in ten countries of SEA region

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sudhir Satpathy

2018-03-01

for tobacco control. Complementing tobacco use surveillance tools should always be compared or triangulated for a comprehensive picture of tobacco use burden. Higher use of SLTs among women in Timor Leste needs further exploration.

High rates of hybridisation reveal fragile reproductive barriers between endangered Australian sea snakes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sanders, Kate L; Redsted Rasmussen, Arne; Guinea, Michael L.

2014-01-01

species have disappeared from Ashmore, the largest of these reefs, over the last 15 years, including two critically endangered Aipysurus species that have also disappeared from neighbouring Hibernia Reef. A third Timor Sea endemic, Aipysurusfuscus, is now known only from Scott and Hibernia reefs, where......The viviparous sea snakes include 62 ecologically diverse species, many of which are of very recent evolutionary origin and have overlapping distributions. Peak sea snake diversity and endemism is recorded from the isolated emergent reefs of the Timor Sea in Northwest Australia. However, nine...... significant and asymmetrical levels of gene flow following species divergence, and highest rates of introgression from the large A. laevis population into the much smaller A. fuscus population. Population assignment analyses recovered two ancestral clusters that broadly corresponded to morphological species...

Search Results | Page 37 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 361 - 370 of 1804 ... Indonesia's Aceh province and the now independent state of Timor-Leste ... poverty, food insecurity, a fragile economy, and social vulnerability. ... Susceptibility to HIV Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Kenya.

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1986-01-01

.... This report contains articles from Sub-Saharan Africa, Angola, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zambia, and South Africa, the articles deal mainly with Politics, Sociology...

All projects related to indonesia | Page 2 | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Leste. Project. Indonesia's Aceh province and the now independent state of Timor-Leste (formerly East ... Program: Food, Environment, and Health. Total Funding: CA$ 4,000,000.00. Universities and Councils Network on Innovation for Inclusive ...

Search Results | Page 9 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 81 - 90 of 282 ... Filter by type .... Violent conflicts have lasting effects on social norms, institutions, and governance at the local level. ... Strengthening Women Survivors of Violence in Post-Conflict Transitions in Indonesia, Timor-Leste, ...

A cluster-randomised controlled trial integrating a community-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme, with mass distribution of albendazole to reduce intestinal parasites in Timor-Leste: the WASH for WORMS research protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Nery, Susana Vaz; McCarthy, James S; Traub, Rebecca; Andrews, Ross M; Black, Jim; Gray, Darren; Weking, Edmund; Atkinson, Jo-An; Campbell, Suzy; Francis, Naomi; Vallely, Andrew; Williams, Gail; Clements, Archie

2015-12-30

There is limited evidence demonstrating the benefits of community-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes on infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and intestinal protozoa. Our study aims to contribute to that evidence base by investigating the effectiveness of combining two complementary approaches for control of STH: periodic mass administration of albendazole, and delivery of a community-based WASH programme. WASH for WORMS is a cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that a community-based WASH intervention integrated with periodic mass distribution of albendazole will be more effective in reducing infections with STH and protozoa than mass deworming alone. All 18 participating rural communities in Timor-Leste receive mass chemotherapy every 6 months. Half the communities also receive the community-based WASH programme. Primary outcomes are the cumulative incidence of infection with STH. Secondary outcomes include the prevalence of protozoa; intensity of infection with STH; as well as morbidity indicators (anaemia, stunting and wasting). Each of the trial outcomes will be compared between control and intervention communities. End points will be measured 2 years after the first albendazole distribution; and midpoints are measured at 6 months intervals (12 months for haemoglobin and anthropometric indexes). Mixed-methods research will also be conducted in order to identify barriers and enablers associated with the acceptability and uptake of the WASH programme. Ethics approval was obtained from the human ethics committees at the University of Queensland, Australian National University, Timorese Ministry of Health, and University of Melbourne. The results of the trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals presented at national and international conferences, and disseminated to relevant stakeholders in health and WASH programmes. This study is funded by a Partnership for Better Health--Project grant from the National

A cluster-randomised controlled trial integrating a community-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme, with mass distribution of albendazole to reduce intestinal parasites in Timor-Leste: the WASH for WORMS research protocol

Science.gov (United States)

Nery, Susana Vaz; McCarthy, James S; Traub, Rebecca; Andrews, Ross M; Black, Jim; Gray, Darren; Weking, Edmund; Atkinson, Jo-An; Campbell, Suzy; Francis, Naomi; Vallely, Andrew; Williams, Gail; Clements, Archie

2015-01-01

Introduction There is limited evidence demonstrating the benefits of community-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programmes on infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and intestinal protozoa. Our study aims to contribute to that evidence base by investigating the effectiveness of combining two complementary approaches for control of STH: periodic mass administration of albendazole, and delivery of a community-based WASH programme. Methods and analysis WASH for WORMS is a cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the hypothesis that a community-based WASH intervention integrated with periodic mass distribution of albendazole will be more effective in reducing infections with STH and protozoa than mass deworming alone. All 18 participating rural communities in Timor-Leste receive mass chemotherapy every 6 months. Half the communities also receive the community-based WASH programme. Primary outcomes are the cumulative incidence of infection with STH. Secondary outcomes include the prevalence of protozoa; intensity of infection with STH; as well as morbidity indicators (anaemia, stunting and wasting). Each of the trial outcomes will be compared between control and intervention communities. End points will be measured 2 years after the first albendazole distribution; and midpoints are measured at 6 months intervals (12 months for haemoglobin and anthropometric indexes). Mixed-methods research will also be conducted in order to identify barriers and enablers associated with the acceptability and uptake of the WASH programme. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from the human ethics committees at the University of Queensland, Australian National University, Timorese Ministry of Health, and University of Melbourne. The results of the trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals presented at national and international conferences, and disseminated to relevant stakeholders in health and WASH programmes. This study is funded

Effects of recurrent violence on post-traumatic stress disorder and severe distress in conflict-affected Timor-Leste: a 6-year longitudinal study.

Science.gov (United States)

Silove, Derrick; Liddell, Belinda; Rees, Susan; Chey, Tien; Nickerson, Angela; Tam, Natalino; Zwi, Anthony B; Brooks, Robert; Sila, Lazaro Lelan; Steel, Zachary

2014-05-01

Little is known about the effect of recurrent episodes of communal violence on mental health in countries recovering from mass conflict. We report results of a 6-year longitudinal study in post-conflict Timor-Leste assessing changes in mental health after a period of communal violence. We assessed 1022 adults (600 from a rural village, 422 from an urban district) exposed to mass conflict during the Indonesian occupation after independence in 2004, and again in 2010-11, following a period of internal conflict. We took a census of all adults living at the two sites. The survey included measures of post-traumatic stress disorder, severe distress, traumatic events, poverty, ongoing conflict, and injustice. 1247 (80%) of 1554 invited adults participated in the baseline survey. 1038 (89% of those eligible) were followed up. The analysis included 1022 people who had sufficient data at baseline and follow-up. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder increased from 23 of 1022 (2.3%) in 2004, to 171 of 1022 (16.7%) in 2010. The prevalence of severe distress also increased, from 57 of 1022 (5.6%) in 2004, to 162 of 1022 (15.9%) in 2010. Both these outcomes were associated with disability at follow-up. Having post-traumatic stress at follow-up was associated with being a woman (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% CI 1.14-2.32), experience of human rights trauma (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.47), or exposure to murder (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.38-2.10) during the Indonesian occupation (1975-99), human rights trauma during the period of internal violence in 2006-07 (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04-2.03), and ongoing family or community conflict (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.15-2.80) or preoccupations with injustice for two or three historical periods (OR 4.06, 2.63-6.28). Severe distress at follow-up was associated with health stress (OR 1.47, 1.14-1.90), exposure to murder (OR 1.57, 1.27-1.95), and natural disaster (OR 1.65, 1.03-2.64) during the Indonesian occupation, conflict-related trauma during the internal

Planktonic percentage of foraminiferal fauna in surface sediments of the Arabian sea (Indian Ocean) and a regional model for paleodepth determination

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Nigam, R.; Henriques, P.J.

with previous studies in other areas that planktonic percentage increased with depth. The resultant pattern is compared with results from the Atlantic margin of the northeastern United States, Gulf of Mexico, Timor Sea and Red Sea. Comparisons reveal...

Pre-Deployment Handbook: Timor-Leste

Science.gov (United States)

2014-05-01

rates of youth unemployment and low school attendance, group activities provide purpose and a sense of inclusion. Popular activities include sport ...soccer, basketball and volleyball are the most popular), art and music. Sport is a great way to engage with the local population. Many youth activities...whales and pilot whales are to be found on the north coast. The large coral reefs mean that there is potential for eco tourism , including game

White and Dark Stranger Kings: Kupang in the Early Colonial Era Etrangers rois – blancs et bruns : Kupang aux débuts de l’époque coloniale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hans Hägerdal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article explores the common Southeast Asian epistemological theme of a “stranger king” as an ordering principle in a polity, a principle that was also relevant in a colonial context. The case studied here is the Dutch colonial post in Kupang, West Timor, in the VOC period, 1653-1800. The Dutch fort was surrounded by five princedoms, which stood in the relation of subordinate allies to the VOC. Four of the five groups had migrated to Kupang due to pressure from the Portuguese and their clients, which dominated the rest of Timor. Arenas of interaction were developed, whereby the elites of the five princedoms deliberated with the Dutch authorities on a regular basis. Their attachment to the Dutch colonial apparatus was actually never broken until the twentieth century, in spite of several reasons for discontent. The article argues that the peculiar situation on Timor, where the five allies were under siege from the clients of the Portuguese, underpinned a system in which the colonial masters were seen as legitimate “princes”, ultimate referents of authority whose very strange-ness enabled them to hold the system in place.Cet article explore le thème épistémologique, commun en Asie du Sud-Est, de l’« étranger-roi » comme principe d’organisation dans un Etat, un principe également pertinent dans le contexte colonial. Il examine le poste colonial hollandais de Kupang à Timor occidental pendant la période de la VOC (1653-1800. Le fort hollandais était entouré de cinq principautés, subordonnées à la VOC dans leur alliance avec celle-ci. Quatre de ces groupes avaient émigré à Kupang à cause de la pression des Portugais et de leurs alliés, qui contrôlaient le reste de l’île. Des plates-formes d’interaction furent développées, dans lesquelles les élites des cinq principautés discutaient régulièrement avec les autorités hollandaises. Leurs liens avec l’appareil colonial ne furent en fait jamais rompus

Engaging communities with a simple tool to help increase immunization coverage.

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Manish; Taneja, Gunjan; Amin, Ruhul; Steinglass, Robert; Favin, Michael

2015-03-01

The level of vaccination coverage in a given community depends on both service factors and the degree to which the public understands and trusts the immunization process. This article describes an approach that aims to raise awareness and boost demand. Developed in India, the "My Village Is My Home" (MVMH) tool, known as Uma Imunizasaun (UI) in Timor-Leste, is a poster-sized material used by volunteers and health workers to record the births and vaccination dates of every infant in a community. Introduction of the tool in 5 districts of India (April 2012 to March 2013) and in 7 initial villages in Timor-Leste (beginning in January 2012) allowed community leaders, volunteers, and health workers to monitor the vaccination status of every young child and guided reminder and motivational visits. In 3 districts of India, we analyzed data on vaccination coverage and timeliness before and during use of the tool; in 2 other districts, analysis was based only on data for new births during use of the tool. In Timor-Leste, we compared UI data from the 3 villages with the most complete data with data for the same villages from the vaccination registers from the previous year. In both countries, we also obtained qualitative data about perceptions of the tool through interviews with health workers and community members. Assessments in both countries found evidence suggesting improved vaccination timeliness and coverage. In India, pilot communities had 80% or higher coverage of identified and eligible children for all vaccines. In comparison, overall coverage in the respective districts during the same time period was much lower, at 49% to 69%. In Timor-Leste, both the number of infants identified and immunized rose substantially with use of the tool compared with the previous year (236 vs. 155, respectively, identified as targets; 185 vs. 147, respectively, received Penta 3). Although data challenges limit firm conclusions, the experiences in both countries suggest that "My

A French-speaking speech-language pathology program in West Africa: transfer of training between Minority and Majority World countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Topouzkhanian, Sylvia; Mijiyawa, Moustafa

2013-02-01

In West Africa, as in Majority World countries, people with a communication disability are generally cut-off from the normal development process. A long-term involvement of two partners (Orthophonistes du Monde and Handicap International) allowed the implementation in 2003 of the first speech-language pathology qualifying course in West Africa, within the Ecole Nationale des Auxiliaires Medicaux (ENAM, National School for Medical Auxiliaries) in Lome, Togo. It is a 3-year basic training (after the baccalaureate) in the only academic training centre for medical assistants in Togo. This department has a regional purpose and aims at training French-speaking African students. French speech-language pathology lecturers had to adapt their courses to the local realities they discovered in Togo. It was important to introduce and develop knowledge and skills in the students' system of reference. African speech-language pathologists have to face many challenges: creating an African speech and language therapy, introducing language disorders and their possible cure by means other than traditional therapies, and adapting all the evaluation tests and tools for speech-language pathology to each country, each culture, and each language. Creating an African speech-language pathology profession (according to its own standards) with a real influence in West Africa opens great opportunities for schooling and social and occupational integration of people with communication disabilities.

2440-IJBCS-Article-Afelu Bareremma

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Physical parameters of forest fires behaviour evaluation in Togo ... Fire control remains important in targeting a sustainable management of forests ecosystems and ...... biodiversité post incendie en forets ... burn severity in forest Mediterranean.

Ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat asthma in the maritime ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ethnobotanical study of plants used to treat asthma in the maritime region in Togo. Holaly E. Gbekley, Gnatoulma Katawa, Simplice D. Karou, Kokou Anani, Tchacondo Tchadjobo, Yaovi Ameyapoh, Komlan Batawila, Jacques Simpore ...

IDRA 2016 Call for Applications Word doc_EN

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Carole Labrie

2016-05-18

May 18, 2016 ... Gabon, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Maldives, Mauritania, Monserrat, Papua New Guinea, Small. Island States [including Comoros, Mauritius, São Tomé and Principe, Seychelles, Timor-Leste and. Oceania (Cook Islands, Fiji, Nauru, Kiribati, Palau, Marshall Islands, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands,.

Fighting in the Mountains and Among the People: Imperial Russian and Early Soviet Population-Centric Counterinsurgency

Science.gov (United States)

2015-05-21

suppression of the Malay insurgency, and the Indonesian counterinsurgency in East Timor. Despite the extensiveness of research on past...authorities embraced Central Asian customs in an attempt to build trust with the local population. In 1921, they undertook a wide-scale ethnographic

The Impact of Network Performance on Warfighter Effectiveness

Science.gov (United States)

2006-01-01

SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective...Support Es- tablishment, Auckland , New Zealand), 2000. Lauren, M., R. Stephen, and N. Hore, “Application of the MANA Model to Operations in East Timor

Geological testimonies of the Portuguese Empire in the East among the collections of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência (Lisbon, Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Brandão

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The Mineralogical and Geological Museum of the Faculty of Sciences in Lisbon preserved until the fire of 1978 samples representing several geological units of Timor, collected willfully by agents of the colonial administration. The study of this unique collection in the mainland museums has helped to shed light on the geology of the most distant overseas Portuguese territory. The results were presented at the International Geological Congress, held in London in 1948. Most of the samples were lost in 1978, saving up however the collections sent by the governor of the province to the author of the study on the geology of Timor, former naturalist of the museum. This paper is based on scientific documentation and revisits the collections in order to contextualize its formation and composition, highlighting its role as landmark of sovereignty and the assertion of colonial science in the Portuguese Empire of the East.

AID as Gift: an initial approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Cristiane da Silva

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The article proposes that some of the key practices in the area of international cooperation for development can be better understood in terms of a gift regime. To this end, it compares ethnographic data relating to the modus operandi of the aid sector in East Timor with the legacies of Marcel Mauss and the recent production of M.A.U.S.S. International aid policies are shown to be important means for establishing hegemony in glocal negotiation spaces in which different actors construct identities and relations of alliance, honor and precedence. In this debate, it is argued that East Timor's biggest counter-gift to the international community has been to function as an instrument through which values cherished by aid donors, expressed in Western myths of good society, can once again be cultivated in the process of building a new national state.

African Journal of Neurological Sciences 2011 - Vol. 30, No 1 http ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJNS WEBMASTERS

Keys words: stroke survivors, quality of life, anxiety, depression, Togo. RESUME. Introduction ..... lymphoma treated with standard-dose chemotherapy or local therapy. J Clin Oncol 2005 ... Lancet Oncol 2005;6:287-294. 6. BROWN MM ...

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the management ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the management of hypertension in the Maritime region of Togo. Holaly E. Gbekley, Simplice D. Karou, Gnatoulma Katawa, Tchadjobo Tchacondo, Komlan Batawila, Yaovi Ameyapoh, Jacques Simpore ...

Contribution de l'exportation des grumes et equarris de teck a l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AFRICAN JOURNALS ONLINE (AJOL) · Journals · Advanced Search · USING ... The efficiencies can be gained if the informal taxation and the skimming of the ... Keywords: Togo, export, teak, value added, job, informal taxation, skimming.

Maintien de l'abstinence chez les patients alcoolo-dependants ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Maintien de l'abstinence chez les patients alcoolo-dependants: étude comparee de la disponibilite et du cout du traitement par le baclofene, l'acamprosate, et la naltrexone a Cotonou (Benin) et a Lome (Togo)

Quantitative morphological descriptors confirm traditionally ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

2015-09-30

Sep 30, 2015 ... from Guinea, Sierra-Leone, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, ... Atacora, Southern Borgou and Northern Borgou. Table .... sedimentary rocks. Savanna raised and shrubby with forests gallery, ... define the model of regression according to:.

The eye-catching cicada Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. n. in Indonesia and the Pacific: taxonomie status, synonymy, and distribution (Homoptera, Cicadoidea)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Duffels, J.P.

1991-01-01

The new combination Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus) is proposed for a cicada species widely distributed in Maluku ( = Moluccas), Timor, Banda, Kei and Banggai Islands, the Philippines, and the Palau group of the Caroline Islands. The synonymy of five species, treated in the literature as junior synonyms

PRISM. Volume 2, Number 3, June 2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

trust and no sense of “win-win.” Competitive strategies will try both incentives and coercion, including force, to change the calculus of...East Timor did a sterling job coordinating infrastructure repair and humanitarian assistance, including dental and medical care for tens of thousands

Contemporary United States Foreign Policy Towards Indonesia

Science.gov (United States)

2004-01-01

and designing of a permanent solution to promote a constructive relationship between Indonesia and East Timor. This work provides a thorough analysis... sweatshop ’? Seattle Times, 28 August. Available from http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/5232/seattletimes2.html. Internet. Accessed on 23

New and noteworthy Malesian species of Loranthaceae

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barlow, Bryan A.

1995-01-01

Ten new or noteworthy Malesian species of Loranthaceae are discussed. The known area of the relictual Cecarria obtusifolia (Merrill) Barlow is increased to include Flores and Timor. Dendrophthoe curvata (Blume) Miquel is accepted as a distinct species. The status of Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.)

The ornithology of the Baudin expedition (1800-1804)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jansen, J.J.F.J.

2018-01-01

The expedition commanded by Nicolas Baudin to Tenerife, Mauritius, Australia, Timor and South Africa in 1800-1804 is fully researched in regard to ornithology. The expedition was government-funded and scientific equipped and had as one of the core activities collecting natural history items.

Alimentation du nouveau-ne et du nourrisson dans la region ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Alimentation du nouveau-ne et du nourrisson dans la region centrale du togo : pratiques familiales et communautaires avant la mise en oeuvre de la strategie « prise en charge integree des maladies de l'enfant »

Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires mineures dans la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires mineures dans la prefecture de Dankpen (Togo). AB Kebenzikato, S Akpavi, K Batawila, K Wala, M Dourma, K Kossi-Titrikou, KS Amouzou, I Butare, H Dantsey-Barry, K Akpagana ...

Hydrodynamic characterization of the Paleocene aquifer in the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

2009-05-15

May 15, 2009 ... African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 3 (5), pp. 141-148 ..... hydrogeological study of the coastal sedimentary basin of. Togo intended to ... isotopic study and modeling of the Paleocene aquifer in the.

An Improved Method to Extract Pesticide Residues in Fruits and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

momi moto

In terms of GDP, climate change will cost Togo a proportion between 2.84 and 6 percent. Conclusively .... important for designing effective adaptation strategies .... threshold of 5% (table 2). .... Report. No1 ;IRD,Montpellier, France, and CPWF,.

Keeping Special Forces Special: Regional Proficiency in Special Forces

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

and traveled extensively throughout my AOR for work and leisure . I am now [serving] as an Army attaché in Southeast Asia and can go toe-to-toe with...Southeast Asia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao People’s Democratic Republic Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Viet

Macrofauna Settlement on Pearl Oyster Collectors in Kenya ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Key words: Pearl oysters, seed collection, macrofauna, bivalves, settlement, monsoon seasons,. Kenya .... have shown that pearl oyster settlement is higher within calm ...... collectors in the Timor Sea, Northern Australia. J. Shellfish ... systems. Aquaculture, 189: 375-388. Urban, H.J. (2000b): Culture potential of the pearl.

Crustal strain partitioning and the associated earthquake hazard in the eastern Sunda-Banda Arc

Science.gov (United States)

Koulali, A.; Susilo, S.; McClusky, S.; Meilano, I.; Cummins, P.; Tregoning, P.; Lister, G.; Efendi, J.; Syafi'i, M. A.

2016-03-01

We use Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of surface deformation to show that the convergence between the Australian Plate and Sunda Block in eastern Indonesia is partitioned between the megathrust and a continuous zone of back-arc thrusting extending 2000 km from east Java to north of Timor. Although deformation in this back-arc region has been reported previously, its extent and the mechanism of convergence partitioning have hitherto been conjectural. GPS observations establish that partitioning occurs via a combination of anticlockwise rotation of an arc segment called the Sumba Block, and left-lateral movement along a major NE-SW strike-slip fault west of Timor. We also identify a westward extension of the back-arc thrust for 300 km onshore into East Java, accommodating slip of ˜6 mm/yr. These results highlight a major new seismic threat for East Java and draw attention to the pronounced seismic and tsunami threat to Bali, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara, and other coasts along the Flores Sea.

Life cycle planning: An evolving concept

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moore, P.J.R.; Gorman, I.G.

1994-01-01

Life-cycle planning is an evolving concept in the management of oil and gas projects. BHP Petroleum now interprets this idea to include all development planning from discovery and field appraisal to final abandonment and includes safety, environmental, technical, plant, regulatory, and staffing issues. This article describes in the context of the Timor Sea, how despite initial successes and continuing facilities upgrades, BHPP came to perceive that current operations could be the victim of early development successes, particularly in the areas of corrosion and maintenance. The search for analogies elsewhere lead to the UK North Sea, including the experiences of Britoil and BP, both of which performed detailed Life of Field studies in the later eighties. These materials have been used to construct a format and content for total Life-cycle plans in general and the social changes required to ensure their successful application in Timor Sea operations and deployment throughout Australia

sénégal : tous les projets | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: Food security, PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, LAND MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Benin, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Togo, Burkina Faso. Programme: Fondements pour l' ...

Senegal : tous les projets | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: Food security, PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RURAL COMMUNITIES, LAND MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Benin, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Togo, Burkina Faso. Programme: Fondements pour l' ...

Four concepts of Africa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2015-05-12

May 12, 2015 ... to benefit from its problematic socio-political history is an indication that there are different and often contradictory .... This is illustrated by the early geographical .... West Africa and Togo, with the acquisition of German East.

Participation des hommes aux soins aux enfants avant la mise en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé ... before the implementation of the family and community component of the IMCI strategy in Togo. ... Despite the cultural diversity that characterizes African societies, it is necessary ...

African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 7, No 2 (2008)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Decolourisation and degradation of textile dyes using a sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) – biodigester microflora co-culture · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. CA Togo, CCZ Mutambanengwe, CG Whiteley ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cia) chez l'enfant au Togo: Aspects epidemiologiques, diagnostiques et prise en charge. Abstract · Vol 8, No 1 (2006): Serie D - Articles Etiologies et evolution des comas non-traumatiques de l'enfant au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lome

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2017), Profils clinique, biologique et therapeutique des enfants infectes par le VIH au centre hospitalier regional chr) de Lome - Commune (Togo) de 2009 a 2016. Abstract. F. Agbeko, M.T. Kpegouni, T. Guedehoussou, O.E. Takassi, M. Fiawoo, ...

All projects related to | Page 298 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Topic: GENDER DISCRIMINATION, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION, WOMEN'S RIGHTS, GENDER EQUALITY. Region: Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Togo, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Program: Governance and Justice. Total Funding: CA$ 399,800.00. Political Participation of Young Women ...

How Communities Deal with Traumatic Memory: Lessons from Aceh ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

This comparative research analyzes reparation processes underway in Aceh and Timor-Leste. It aims to foster a deeper understanding of how communities and individual victims of massive human rights abuses can deal with their traumatic past, while seeking justice on issues such as population displacement and political ...

77 FR 71608 - Notification of the Removal of Conditions of Entry on Vessels Arriving From the Republic of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-03

..., Syria, Timor-Leste, Venezuela, and Yemen. This current list is also available in the policy notice... arriving from the country of the Republic of Indonesia. DATES: The policy announced in this notice is... holidays. This policy is also available at www.homeport.uscg.mil under the Maritime Security tab...

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Strychnos ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Strychnos lucida R. Br. (Loganiaceae), a well-known indigenous medicine in Timor Leste, has been used for the treatment of ailments such as malaria, diarrhoea, fever, hypertension, cancer, diabetes mellitus and skin infections. Its pharmacological activity has never been reported. The aim of this study was to ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 51 - 100 of 808 ... Vol 53, No 3 (2005), Animal Breeding In Cape Verde: A Retrospective Analysis ... Anthrax in Togo: Spatial Risk in the Savannah Region, Abstract ... use of crop protection products for potential risks to honey bees, Abstract.

Etude morpho-semantique des antroponymes bassar | Gblem-Poidi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Gur language spoken by the Bassar people of Togo), in a morpho-semantic approach. The system is structured into five cnategories of names, a distinction based on the origin or donors of these names, which are : Maternal, Paternal, Exhalation, ...

Staraja doroga : [luuletused] / Aleksandr Mezhirov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mezhirov, Aleksandr

2001-01-01

Sisu: Alter ego ; "Tshto mne delat v "Strele"..." ; "V 41-m, v lessah Pervojanu..." ; Za kogo? Za togo li... ; "Ne zabõvai menja, Moskva moja..." ; "Jesli bõ Zoja i Anna..." ; "Vospominanjami ne mutshai..." ; "Mozhet rodina sõna obidet..." ; Nabokov

A new genus and species of Bythitidae (Teleostei: Ophidiiformes) from northwestern Australia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Jørgen; Schwarzhans, Werner

2011-01-01

A new genus and species of bathyal bythitid fish (Teleostei: Ophidiiformes) is described based on a single specimen caught at a depth of 392 m in the Timor Sea off the coast of northwestern Australia. Timorichthys disjunctus gen. nov., sp. nov. differs from all other bythitid genera by the position...

77 FR 53901 - Notification of the Imposition of Conditions of Entry for Certain Vessels Arriving to the United...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-04

... Principe, Syria, Timor-Leste, Venezuela, and Yemen. This current list is also available in the policy... Hodeidah. DATES: The policy announced in this notice will become effective September 18, 2012. ADDRESSES... telephone number is 202-366-9329. This policy is also available at www.homeport.uscg.mil under the Maritime...

On a collection of Birds from the islands of Flores, Sumba and Rotti

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Büttikofer, J.

1892-01-01

Dr. H. ten Kate, to whom we are already indepted for previous zoological collections made on his recent travels through the Flores- and Timor-group of Islands ¹), sent, in September and November last, a number of birds from Flores, Sumba (Sandelwood) and Rotti, the latter being a small island near

Northern Togo and the world economy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

L.J. de Haan (Leo); H.A. Reitsma (Henk)

1992-01-01

textabstractHow global is the world economy? Does it also encompass the remote corners of the Third World where subsistence agriculture still predominates and where the first hard-surface roads have yet to be built? And if it does, when did these areas become incorporated into the world economy?

AJU 3076.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

mn

Priapisme intermittent chronique chez l'enfant drépanocytaire homozygote au Togo]. Arch.Pediatr. 2007;14(7):861-3. McHardy P, McDonnell C, Lorenzo AJ, Salle JLP,. 28. Campbell FA. Management of priapism in a child with sickle cell anemia ...

1934-IJBCS-Article -Kokutsé A.D

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

-utilized timber and Non. Timber Forest Products such as the bamboos. ... that most of the clumps are natural groves, occupying 76.6% of the total bamboo area in Togo, and the proportion of the private plantations is 23.4%. The bamboo ...

Bénin : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ 689,400.00. Santé des mères et des adolescentes en Afrique de l'Ouest : vers des réformes ...

2232-IJBCS-Article-Dr A Déla Mondedji

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

... botaniques dans la gestion des insectes ravageurs des cultures maraîchères au Sud du Togo .... synthèse dans le contrôle des insectes ravageurs ... performance du questionnaire d'enquête. ..... maraîchers ne prennent aucune mesure de.

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé - Vol 7 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conception et representation du corps humain chez le kpele du Togo · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. K T Djonoukou, 91-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrsul.v7i1.17131 ...

Timor-Leste Economic Report, March 2018

OpenAIRE

World Bank Group

2018-01-01

Gross domestic product (GDP)1 growth is expected to have fallen sharply in 2017 to a projected -1.8 percent from 5.3 percent the year before. This contraction is driven by a reversal of trend in government spending. In the last six months, the political impasse has worsened, with the President declaring a ‘serious institutional crisis’ and dissolving Parliament in January 2018. The current...

A Method for Development of Ecomuseums in Taiwan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhen-Hui Liu

2015-09-01

Full Text Available One component of the new museology is the ecomuseum, which is intended to preserve cultural/natural heritage and the local landscape in situ, and involves community participation and needs associated with community development. Since the ecomuseum concept originated in Western Europe, ecomuseums must be adapted or localized to various socio-economic environments. In the 2000s, two mining ecomuseums were established in New Taipei City—the Gold Museum and the Houtong Coal Mine Ecological Park. In the early 2010s, two more ecomuseums were established—the Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum and the Togo Art Museum. More than the mining ecomuseums, the Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum emphasized community participation and the vision of the Togo Art Museum was led by the community. Based on an analysis of the Houtong Coal Mine Ecological Park, the Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum and the Togo Art Museum, this study elucidates the various mechanisms of the development of ecomuseums in Taiwan. Ecomuseums should be interconnected with the community and the environment. The three major functions of ecomuseums (community participation, local development, and in-situ preservation can promote sustainable development. This study uses the “creativity triangle” concept with a three-year cycle of development as an analytical tool. The concept was modified to include three stages of development, which are “estimation”, “preparation”, and “operation”; six steps and 11 tasks are proposed. Despite the unique circumstances of each ecomuseum, this study provides an overview of the development processes and provides a basis for making recommendations for establishing other ecomuseums in Taiwan.

Asie du sud | Page 10 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Langue English. Read more about Comparaison des politiques fiscales et réglementaires pour prévenir les maladies non transmissibles en Inde. Langue French. Read more about Moyens que prennent les collectivités pour faire face aux souvenirs traumatiques - enseignements tirés d'Aceh et du Timor-Leste. Langue ...

Nations of the earth report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

These books contain summaries of the national reports prepared for the UN Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, June 1992. Summary reports of the following countries are included: V. 1) Algeria, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Canada, Chad, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Fiji, Finland, France, Guinea, Jordan, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Paraguay, Romania, Senegal, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Tokelau, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Yemen Arab Republic, Yugoslavia. V. 2) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Central African Republic, Colombia, Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Japan, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Morocco, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Oman, Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, Pacific Islands Developing Countries, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sudan, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Zimbabwe

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Universite de Lome. ... B.A.K. Dossa, V.J. Mama, S Karimou, A.C. Mamam-Djibril, T Houetchegnon, I Toko .... des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et de cancer dans l'aire sanitaire de Zowla au Togo ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

phosphate déhydrogénase au CHU de Lomé ... Alimentation du nouveau-ne et du nourrisson dans la region centrale du togo : pratiques familiales et communautaires avant la mise en oeuvre de la strategie « prise en charge integree des maladies ...

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC REVIEW

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Kazungu

investment, economic growth and environmental quality of the countries in Sub- ... literature that has generated a vast amount of empirical research and debate ... a threshold level of income above which FDI has positive effect on economic .... Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Sustainability issues in the geography Curriculum for an ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

model of development that meets the needs of the present generation, without ... community service activities (Togo & Lotz-Sisitka, 2008). Beringer ... changes in natural, built and social environments; an understanding of sustainable ways of living and of environmentally friendly and ecologically effective production; the skill.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Togo), Abstract. E Padaro, I.M.D. Kueviakoe, K.J. Guedenon, H Magnang, K Mawussi, Y Layibo, A Vovor, A.Y. Segbena. Vol 13, No 1 (2011): Serie D, Hernie de richter revelee par un abces inguinal droit, Abstract. KK Kanassoua, K Amegbor, ED ...

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé - Vol ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Universite de Lome. ... V.J. Mama, J Oloukoi, F.C. Biaou, R Tete, 231-247 ... Etat des lieux et profil de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique dans l'exploration du cancer de la prostate au Togo · EMAIL ...

FRAGMENTED IDENTITIES: THE CULTURAL COLLISION ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

Born in the former French and German colony of. Togo, Komla-Ebri ... of how cultural barriers not only lead to isolation and fragmented identities, but also ..... and, in recreating bits of Italy, in the form of music, cinema and food, absorbs parts of ...

Coral based-ENSO/IOD related climate variability in Indonesia: a review

Science.gov (United States)

Yudawati Cahyarini, Sri; Henrizan, Marfasran

2018-02-01

Indonesia is located in the prominent site to study climate variability as it lies between Pacific and Indian Ocean. It has consequences to the regional climate in Indonesia that its climate variability is influenced by the climate events in the Pacific oceans (e.g. ENSO) and in the Indian ocean (e.g. IOD), and monsoon as well as Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Northwestern monsoon causes rainfall in the region of Indonesia, while reversely Southwestern monsoon causes dry season around Indonesia. The ENSO warm phase called El Nino causes several droughts in Indonesian region, reversely the La Nina causes flooding in some regions in Indonesia. However, the impact of ENSO in Indonesia is different from one place to the others. Having better understanding on the climate phenomenon and its impact to the region requires long time series climate data. Paleoclimate study which provides climate data back into hundreds to thousands even to million years overcome this requirement. Coral Sr/Ca can provide information on past sea surface temperature (SST) and paired Sr/Ca and δ18O may be used to reconstruct variations in the precipitation balance (salinity) at monthly to annual interannual resolution. Several climate studies based on coral geochemical records in Indonesia show that coral Sr/Ca and δ18O from Indonesian records SST and salinity respectively. Coral Sr/Ca from inshore Seribu islands complex shows more air temperature rather than SST. Modern coral from Timor shows the impact of ENSO and IOD to the saliniy and SST is different at Timor sea. This result should be taken into account when interpreting Paleoclimate records over Indonesia. Timor coral also shows more pronounced low frequency SST variability compared to the SST reanalysis (model). The longer data of low frequency variability will improve the understanding of warming trend in this climatically important region.

ARTICLES / SAGGI

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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nazisti affrontato nel suo ultimo libro, I sommersi e i salvati (1986). Le memorie dell'offesa all'umanità intera rappresentata da Auschwitz, ed il ricordo di coloro a cui era sopravvissuto, divennero vere ossessioni con l'aggiunta nel tempo del timore di essere frainteso, di non essere riuscito a comunicare con le nuove ...

The Spatial Politics of Gender in EAP Classroom Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Appleby, Roslyn

2009-01-01

This paper explores some of the challenges faced by EAP teachers as they address gender issues that arise when teaching in a non-Western cultural context. It draws on interviews with four Australian teachers regarding their experiences in delivering EAP programs in East Timor as part of an international aid effort, and focuses on critical…

What we do | Page 101 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

The African Tobacco Situational Analysis (ATSA) supported by IDRC and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation investigated the critical determinants of success for tobacco control in 12 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Benin, Botswana, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Togo, Uganda, North Of Sahara, South Of Sahara, Republic Of ...

Simulating drought impact and mitigation in cassava using the LINTUL model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ezui, K.S.; Leffelaar, P.A.; Franke, A.C.; Mando, A.; Giller, K.E.

2018-01-01

We adapted and used a crop simulation model based on light interception and use efficiency (LINTUL-Cassava) to improve our understanding of water-limited yields of cassava under rain-fed conditions in Southern Togo. Data collected in four different fields in two locations, Sevekpota and

1846-IJBCS-Article-Koffi Akpagana

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Diversité des espèces cultivées et contraintes à la production en agriculture maraîchère au ... 2 Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, BP 1515, Lomé, Togo. ..... Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires,.

The West Africa Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The West Africa Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, a strategy to improve disease surveillance and epidemic control in West Africa. ... The program includes four countries: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Togo with an overarching goal to progressively cover all French speaking countries in West Africa ...

Peace Corps Water/Sanitation Case Studies and Analyses. Appropriate Technologies for Development. Case Study CS-4.

Science.gov (United States)

Talbert, Diana E., Comp.

This document provides an overview of Peace Corps water and sanitation activities, five case studies (Thailand, Yemen, Paraguay, Sierra Leone, and Togo), programming guidelines, and training information. Each case study includes: (1) background information on the country's geography, population, and economics; (2) information on the country's…

Seroprevalence des anticorps anti-HBc chez les donneurs de sang ...

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'hépatite virale demeure une priorité pour les centres de qualification des produits sanguins labiles au Togo. Objectif: Déterminer la séroprévalence des anticorps anti-HBc au sein des donneurs de sang en vue d'estimer le niveau de risque ...

Efficacité des champignons mycorhiziens contre les nématodes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 mai 2015 ... Mots clés : Glomus sp., Lycopersicon esculentum, lutte biologique, Meloidogyne spp. Effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the parasitic nematodes of tomato in Togo. ABSTRACT. Objectives : To find alternatives to the synthetic pesticides used against nematodes the present work aimed at.

2431-IJBCS-Article -Dougna Akpene A

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Physico-chimie et qualité des eaux des forages d'hydraulique villageoise dans la région ... Mots clés : Région centrale, Togo, faciès hydrochimiques, pollution, eaux souterraines, socle. Physical ...... total) ont un pH< 6 et présentent des indices.

2018-05-07T04:54:14Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/index/oai oai ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Therefore,a sample of 310 charcoal producers in four SBs in different ecological areas throughout Togo, were selected. Lawregulating charcoal production, currently appointed to protect the environment were also analysed. Results revealthat the average quantity of charcoal produced is 323,353 tons per year. Producers ...

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Evaluation de l'activite antihyperglycemiante de Holarrhena africana, Strophantus hispidus Et Bridelia ferruginea, plantes utilisees dans le traitement du diabete en medecine traditionnelle au Togo Abstract · Vol 17, No 1 (2015) - Articles Distribution et utilites des mauvaises herbes des champs de cultures du campus ...

Répartition et valorisation des macrophytes envahissantes dans la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of Littoral (Cameroon) threatened by invasive macrophytes, an ecological study highlighting the ... The floristic inventory showed that 2 species (Eichhornia crassipes and Panicum ... This plant can thus be used for biogas or compost production ... Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2); Zimbabwe (12).

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé - Vol ...

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Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Universite de Lome. ... de l'or sur les ressources naturelles à Kemeni (région centrale du Togo). .... Impact de la reconfiguration d'un réseau de distribution d'énergie électrique sur les pertes en ligne.

Multisectoral approaches to early pregnancy prevention in colleges ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Multisectoral approaches to early pregnancy prevention in colleges in Togo. The goal of this program is to generate knowledge about the early pregnancy phenomenon through operational research, and to develop multisectoral strategies focusing on teens, in conjunction with stakeholders in the education, health and legal ...

La foret classee d'Atakpame: diversite, typologie, sequestration de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study assesses the woodlands diversity in Atakpamé classified forest (FCA) of Togo and their potential carbon sequestration. The FCA, an important production source of diversified products and very useful for riparian populations survival is weakened. FCA is subject to various anthropogenic pressures that affect ...

CIFSRF Call 6 Eligible Country List January 5.2015

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

wmanchur

Saint Lucia. Sao Tome and Principe. Senegal. Seychelles. Sierra Leoneℓ. Somaliaℓ. South Africa. South Sudanℓ. Sri Lanka. St. Kitts and Nevis. Sudan. Swaziland. Tanzania. Togo. Trinidad and Tobago. Tunisia. Uganda†. Vietnam. Zambia. Zimbabwe. *Countries for which projects will have to address a research problem of ...

Cassava productivity linked to potassium's influence on water use efficiency

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ezui, K.S.; Franke, A.C.; Leffelaar, P.A.; Giller, K.E.

2017-01-01

This paper presents the results of field studies conducted in Togo (Djakakope and Sevekpota) to assess the effect of potassium (K) on cassava yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration as affected by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability under rainfed conditions. It was shown that an

Controlling human oesophagostomiasis in northern Ghana

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ziem, Juventus Benogle

2006-01-01

This thesis describes aspects of the epidemiology and attempts to control infection and pathology due to the nematode parasite Oesophagostomum bifurcum . In northern Ghana and Togo O. bifurcum is an important parasite of humans; elsewhere it is predominantly seen as a parasite of non-human primates.

Éducation et Libération

CERN Multimedia

Jean-Pierre Lagnaux

2012-01-01

Vente d’artisanat du Tiers Monde Jeudi 22 et Vendredi 23 novembre de 10 heures à 16 heures 30 Après nos réalisations en Amérique latine et au Bénin, nous mobilisons nos efforts pour l’école Arc-en-ciel de Kpeme, au Togo, sur les bords de l’Océan, à mi-chemin entre Lome et la frontière entre le Bénin et le Togo. Il s’agit d’une école primaire privée, laïque qui a très bonne réputation en termes de résultats, notamment pour les écoliers en fin de scolarité primaire. Cela fait plusieurs années déjà que nous soutenons cette école. L’école est inscrite dans la liste des  Collectes à long terme  de l’Association du personnel du CERN depuis 2011. Selon les  R&am...

525-IJBCS-Article-Dr Kossi Adjonou

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Gatsing

Etude de la dynamique spatiale et structure des forêts denses sèches reliques du Togo: .... Elle jouit d'un climat ... d'étude. Un GPS (Global Positioning System) a été utilisé pour localiser les points ...... des domaines sahélien et soudanien qui.

Assessment of pesticide residues and trace element contamination ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

All intensive agriculture, like periurban agriculture, uses massive inputs such as agrochemicals. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of agrochemical use in periurban agriculture in Togo. It was based on the chemical analyses of soil, water and vegetable samples. These analyses were carried out by gas ...

Casual relationship between gross domestic saving and economic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The empirical study confirmed that a significant relationship between domestic savings and ... and, which ultimately increases the country domestic saving level. ... which increase saving and investment into the country due to its dual effect. ... South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo ...

Large-scale Agricultural Land Acquisitions in West Africa | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

This project will examine large-scale agricultural land acquisitions in nine West African countries -Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Benin, Mali, Togo, Senegal, Niger, and Côte d'Ivoire. ... They will use the results to increase public awareness and knowledge about the consequences of large-scale land acquisitions.

Child Welfare in Developing Countries

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930269 ... Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, ... The Impact of the Increase in Food Prices on Child Poverty and the Policy Response in Mali ... at the General Directorate of Statistics of the National Accounting Office of Togo.

Kiswahili - Vol 76, No 1 (2013)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Riwaya ya Kiswahili katika ufundishaji wa historia · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT ... Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2); Zimbabwe (12)

Borassus aethiopum Mart.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

weight. Key words: Togo, Borassus aethiopum, mechanical characteristics, reaction to fire. INTRODUCTION. The Togolese population prefers to use the rônier, currently called “cocker” rather ... bamboo, it derives its prestige from its unrivaled quality of resistance. ... dimensions of parts of works become too weak. Our study ...

Burden of invasive bacterial disease among children younger than 5 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), pneumococcus and meningococcus are responsible for high mortality and morbidity in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. Hib containing vaccine was introduced in July 2008 in Togo; and baseline data are available on bacterial meningitis prior to PCV13 vaccine ...

5. Amenyah.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

chifaou.amzat

2012-12-17

Dec 17, 2012 ... adult learners and 20 volunteer teachers from ten different adult literacy classes across Togo. ... in literacy classes, particularly adult women (Amenyah 2005; 2011). ... have tried to determine their outcomes or benefits and performance to ... This intentionality can vary from the very simple (one single goal).

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé - Vol 8 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Place des alanine-aminotransferases dans la securite transfusionnelle : Etude au centre national de transfusion sanguine de Lome au Togo · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. LY Fekete, Y Nabagou, IM Kueviakoe, M Kolou, J Padaro, KSE Amouzou, AY Segbena ...

Multi-outlet/multi-format grocery retailing : Some issues and insights

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Haans, A.J.

2007-01-01

Several trends and shifts in consumer behavior (e.g., desire for convenience) have resulted in grocery retailers opening more stores and new formats (e.g., AH ToGo and AH XL) next to their existing ones (regular supermarket). By using this strategy grocery retailers try to attract new customers

Pan African Medical Journal - Vol 25, No 1 (2016)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Hémodialyse chronique et dépression au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé (Togo). Mawufemo Yawovi Tsevi, Saliou Salifou, Akomola Kossi Sabi .... Complication inhabituelle de la radiothérapie: la perforation cornéenne: à propos d'un cas. Taha Elghazi, Youssef Omor, Zouheir Hafidi, Amine Eljai, ...

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Romania, 20. Russian Federation, 82. Rwanda, 5. Saudi Arabia, 36. Senegal, 12. Serbia, 7. Singapore, 10. Slovakia (Slovak Republic), 4. Slovenia, 5. South Africa, 59. Spain, 60. Sri Lanka, 6. Sudan, 6. Sweden, 13. Switzerland, 15. Syrian Arab Republic, 16. Taiwan, 33. Tanzania, 25. Thailand, 43. Togo, 8. Trinidad and ...

Mwaka Kogwa Na Changamoto Zake | Mohamed | Kiswahili

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(14); Eritrea (1); Ethiopia (30); Ghana (27); Kenya (29); Lesotho (1); Libya (2); Madagascar (1); Malawi (4); Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2) ...

Ufundishaji wa Fasihi ya Watoto katika Shule za Msingi Nchini Kenya

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(14); Eritrea (1); Ethiopia (30); Ghana (27); Kenya (29); Lesotho (1); Libya (2); Madagascar (1); Malawi (4); Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2) ...

Changamoto Za Mawasiliano Kwa Viziwi Katika Tanzania | Muzale ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(14); Eritrea (1); Ethiopia (30); Ghana (27); Kenya (29); Lesotho (1); Libya (2); Madagascar (1); Malawi (4); Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2) ...

Fasihi ya Kiswahili ya Majaribio: Makutano ya Fasihi Simulizi na ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(14); Eritrea (1); Ethiopia (30); Ghana (27); Kenya (29); Lesotho (1); Libya (2); Madagascar (1); Malawi (4); Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2) ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

(14); Eritrea (1); Ethiopia (30); Ghana (27); Kenya (29); Lesotho (1); Libya (2); Madagascar (1); Malawi (4); Mauritius (3); Mozambique (1); Nigeria (221); Rwanda (3); Senegal (6); Sierra Leone (1); South Africa (96); South Sudan (1); Sudan (3); Swaziland (3); Tanzania (19); Togo (1); Tunisia (2); Uganda (12); Zambia (2) ...

Distribution des espèces de primates au Bénin et ethnozoologie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr gatsin

REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES. Campbell G, Teichroeb J, Paterson JD. 2008. Distribution of diurnal primates species in. Togo and Benin. Folia Primatologica. 79(1): 15-30. Djossou GS. 2003. Détermination de l'aire de répartition de la population de colobe magistrat Colobus vellerosus et statuts de conservation au ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 68 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Rapport de mission de suivi et évaluation scientifique / projet "Savoirs locaux et gestion de la biodiversité : habitudes alimentaires et utilisation des plantes alimentaires mineures ou menacées de disparition au Togo". Le projet Savoirs locaux et gestion de la biodiversité : Habitudes alimentaires et utilisation des plantes ...

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Elaboration de panneaux de particules de bois de kenaf avec un liant non conventionnel : experimentation de la colle d'os en perles. Abstract · Vol 17, No 3 (2015) - Articles Residus de pesticides organochlores retrouves dans quelques poissons du Lac Togo et evaluation du potentiel de risque pour le consommateur

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Etude de la densite erythrocytaire par la methode des grandients de phtalate chez les patients drepanocytaires au Chu-campus de Lome(Togo) Abstract · Vol 8, No 1 (2006): Serie D - Articles Place des alanine-aminotransferases dans la securite transfusionnelle : Etude au centre national de transfusion sanguine de Lome ...

Transfer of surgical competences in the treatment of intersex ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Transfer of surgical competences in the treatment of intersex disorders in Togo. ... Background: To evaluate the impact of scientific seminar on the sexual ambiguity on patients and paediatric surgeons in French-speaking African countries. Materials and Methods: This was a report of the proceeding of a teaching seminar on ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation de l'activite antihyperglycemiante de Holarrhena africana, Strophantus hispidus Et Bridelia ferruginea, plantes utilisees dans le traitement du diabete en medecine traditionnelle au Togo Abstract · Vol 16, No 3 (2014) - Articles Effet anti-ulcereux de l'extrait hydroalcoolique D'ecorce de tronc et de racine de Ficus ...

Indications Et Suites Operatoires De La Cesarienne En Milieu Rural ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of cesarean section in a rural maternity Black Africa; specify indications and to evaluate the morbidity and maternal mortality experience: maternity hospital Saint Joseph of Dacha in Togo. Results: The cesarean rate was 25.10%, with 34% of patients referred. Fetal distress was the ...

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Romania, 4. Russian Federation, 25. Rwanda, 3. Saudi Arabia, 7. Senegal, 4. Singapore, 30. South Africa, 14. Spain, 21. Sri Lanka, 4. Sweden, 1. Switzerland, 3. Syrian Arab Republic, 1. Taiwan, 4. Thailand, 18. Togo, 1. Tunisia, 58. Turkey, 31. Ukraine, 7. United Arab Emirates, 2. United Kingdom, 45. United States, 142.

germination of seeds from earlier fruits of bitter and sweet african ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ACSS

2014-11-18

Nov 18, 2014 ... Dahomey Gap. In this area, bush mango trees are found in natural forests, forest gardens (in the. Volta Forest Region, South-western Togo) and most abundantly in intensive cultivation systems: home gardens, orchards, agroforestry parks all over in the Dahomey Gap (Vihotogbé et al., 2014). In general, the ...

Short communication

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

1 févr. 2017 ... Délai moyen d'installation: 8,5 ±2,2mn. Quantité moyenne ... We conducted a prospective and descriptive study on epidural analgesia (EA) at the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center in Lomé from. February to June ... Key words: Epidural analgesia, obstetrics, University Hospital, Togo. Introduction.

2018-04-29T21:08:12Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The hydroelectric dam built on the Mono river in Nangbeto (Republic of Togo) was put into service in 1988. It was caused some profound hydrological and sedimentological changes as far the Benin south-west lagunal complex is concerned. The follow-up of the hydrological and sedimentary dynamic of the lake Aheme for ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'osteochondrose deformante tibiale ou maladie d'ehrlacher-blount. A propos de 19 cas. Abstract · Vol 8, No 1 (2006): Serie D - Articles Aspects epidemiologiques et diagnostiques des stenoses caustiques de l'oesophage au Togo Abstract · Vol 8, No 2 (2006): Serie D - Articles Les encephaloceles au Chu Tokoin de Lome

Effets de deux rotations a base de mucuna et soja sur la fertilite d'un ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In order to determine the effect of two legumes (mucuna and soybean) on soil fertility and yield of maize, an experiment was conducted over two growing seasons in the derived savannah on Rhodic ferrasol in the southern region of Togo. During the first growing season, plots of mucuna, soybean and maize received ...

Current situation of fish farming in Togo

African Journals Online (AJOL)

practiced in ponds and water reservoirs and the semi intensive system (12.09%) implemented in tanks and ponds .... primarily intended to be a source of drinking water ... big fish at regular intervals. .... has the advantage of requiring little space.

Image collection: 93 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 93 Eubalaena_japonica_NL.png セミクジラ Right whale Eubalaena japonica 302098 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,クジラ目

Image collection: 101 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 101 Nyctereutes_procyonoides_NL.png タヌキ Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides 34880 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ネコ目

Image collection: 158 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 158 Camelus_dromedarius_NL.png ヒトコブラクダ Dromedary Camelus dromedarius 9838 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ウシ目

Image collection: 44 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 44 Macaca_fascicularis_NL.png カニクイザル Cynomolgus Macaca fascicularis 9541 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,霊長目

Image collection: 177 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 177 Polypterus_endlicheri_NL.png ポリプテルスエンドリケリ Polypterus endlicheri Polypterus endlicheri 348150 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,魚上綱

Image collection: 189 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 189 Mirounga_leonina_NL.png ミナミゾウアザラシ Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina 9715 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ネコ目

Image collection: 1 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 1 Daubentonia_madagascariensis_NL.png アイアイ Aye-aye Daubentonia madagascariensis 31869 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,霊長目

Image collection: 165 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 165 Trichosurus_vulpecula_NL.png フクロギツネ Trichosurus vulpecula Trichosurus vulpecula 9337 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,後獣下綱,

Image collection: 468 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 468 201702_chicken_white_leghorn.png ニワトリ (白色レグホーン) Chicken (white leghorn) Gallus gallus domesticus 9031 モデル生物,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,鳥綱

Image collection: 83 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 83 Balaenoptera_musculus_NL.png シロナガスクジラ Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus 9771 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,クジラ目

Image collection: 129 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 129 Capricornis_crispus_NL.png ニホンカモシカ Capricornis crispus Capricornis crispus 9966 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ウシ目

Image collection: 168 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 168 Choloepus_didactylus_NL.png フタユビナマケモノ Toed sloth Choloepus didactylus 27675 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱

Image collection: 34 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 34 Otolemur_crassicaudatus_NL.png オオガラゴ Brown Greater Galago Otolemur crassicaudatus 9463 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,霊長目

Image collection: 120 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 120 Triceratops_horridus_NL.png トリケラトプス Triceratops Triceratops horridus ... 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,爬虫綱,恐竜上目・翼竜上目

Image collection: 182 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 182 Physeter_macrocephalus_NL.png マッコウクジラ Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus 9755 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,クジラ目

Image collection: 152 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 152 Tursiops_truncatus_NL.png ハンドウイルカ Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus 9739 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,クジラ目

Image collection: 19 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 19 Canis_lupus_familiaris_NL.png イエイヌ Domestic dogs Canis lupus familiaris 9615 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ネコ目

Image collection: 175 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 175 Pan_paniscus_NL.png ボノボ(ピグミーチンパンジー) Bonobos (pygmy chimpanzees) Pan paniscus 9597 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,霊長目

Image collection: 74 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 74 Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_NL.png ジャイアントパンダ Giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca 9646 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,哺乳綱,獣亜綱,真獣下綱,ネコ目

Image collection: 109 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 109 Tyrannosaurus_rex_NL.png ティラノサウルス Tyrannosaurus Tyrannosaurus rex ... 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,爬虫綱,恐竜上目・翼竜上目

Image collection: 170 [Togo Picture Gallery[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 170 Brachiosaurus_altithorax_NL.png ブラキオサウルス Brachiosaurus Brachiosaurus altithorax ... 生物アイコン,脊索動物門,脊椎動物亜門,爬虫綱,恐竜上目・翼竜上目

Dicty_cDB: SHJ863 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available 6 2e-04 4 AF134658 |AF134658.1 Plasmodium falciparum strain SEN16 from Senegal CG2 omega repeat (cg2) gene, ...om Togo CG2 omega repeat (cg2) gene, partial cds. 36 2e-04 4 AF134670 |AF134670.1 Plasmodium falciparum strain SEN10 from Senegal

Profil inflammatoire biologique des patients atteints de rhumatismes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Profil inflammatoire biologique des patients atteints de rhumatismes inflammatoires chroniques au Togo. ... des auto-anticorps et la recherche de facteurs génétiques de susceptibilité pourrait permettre la mise en route précoce d'antirhumatismaux modificateurs de la maladie (ARMM) en vue d'une amélioration du pronostic ...

The Contribution of Collective Intelligence for the Analysis of the Phenomenon of Students Overcrowding

Science.gov (United States)

Bassagou, Dikagma; Lancieri, Luigi

2017-01-01

This paper presents a method aiming at analyzing a problem of overpopulation at the university of Lomé (Togo). In this perspective, we associate the teachers' perceptions with that of students through two kind of questionnaires, static and interactive. We describe this methodology to survey large groups of students. The results allows to better…

Séroprévalence du cytomégalovirus chez les donneurs de sang au ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CMV-IgG and CMV-IgM among voluntary blood donors in national centre of blood transfusion (CNTS) of Lomé, main town of Togo, West Africa. This is a view to making recommendations on donor screening and transfusion protocols among susceptible ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Romania, 1. Russian Federation, 5. Saudi Arabia, 6. Serbia, 3. Singapore, 1. Slovenia, 4. South Africa, 4. Spain, 3. Sudan, 1. Sweden, 1. Switzerland, 3. Syrian Arab Republic, 1. Taiwan, 5. Tanzania, 3. Togo, 1. Tunisia, 18. Turkey, 23. Ukraine, 3. United Kingdom, 23. United States, 35. Unknown, 1. Vietnam, 1. Zambia, 2 ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nigeria, 8. Oman, 2. Pakistan, 5. Philippines, 3. Romania, 6. Russian Federation, 3. Saudi Arabia, 13. South Africa, 4. Spain, 3. Sri Lanka, 1. Switzerland, 6. Syrian Arab Republic, 4. Taiwan, 2. Thailand, 3. Togo, 3. Tunisia, 17. Turkey, 17. Uganda, 1. Ukraine, 3. United Kingdom, 9. United States, 22. Unknown, 4. Vietnam, 1 ...

Impact de l'exploitation miniere sur la sante humaine : cas de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The liquid and solid wastes as well as the dust from the treatment plant of the phosphorites of Hahotoé-Kpogamé (Southern Togo) pose serious problems of environmental pollution that are source of some diseases like dental fluorosis related to the high content of fluorine in those phosphorites. The analysis of this element ...

Proprietes antifongiques des extraits de trois especes d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neuf extraits hydroéthanoliques des feuilles, d'écorces de tige et de racines de trois Anacardiaceae (Mangifera indica A. (Rich.), Anacardium occidentale L., Spondias mombin L.) introduites au Togo ont fait objet de tests antifongiques en vue de justifier leurs usages en médecine traditionnelle contre les affections causées ...

Prostate cancer revealed by skin metastasis: A case report in black ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy in Togo. Most patients present with advanced and metastatic disease. Skin metastasis from prostate cancer is very rare and it occurs late and often with a poor prognosis. We report a case in a 52-year-old Togolese man where the skin lesions reveal the ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kodjo, MK. Vol 9 (2008) - Articles Neural networks for predictive control of the mechanism of orientation of a wind turbine. Abstract · Vol 11 (2009) - Articles Mise en oeuvre d'un modèle d'administration électronique pour le Togo : problématique de formalisation. Abstract. ISSN: 0851-4453. AJOL African Journals Online.

2018-04-22T02:16:48Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/index/oai oai ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This approach doesn't give an accurate evaluation of wind actions on buildings or any other civil engineering constructions with regard to local aerodynamic conditions. The goal of this study is to estimate actual wind actions on civil engineering structure in Togo. In order to achieve that goal, wind data (such as wind speed) ...

Mise en oeuvre d'un modèle d'administration électronique pour le ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

With this in mind, we have presented in the article a model of an electronic government (e-government) for Togo which is composed of three layers. A formalism of representation putting the system in place has been done with various aspects taken into account (security, data transfer in real time, data base management, etc ...

Prostate cancer revealed by skin metastasis: A case report in black ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

K. Tengue

2016-11-23

Nov 23, 2016 ... Abstract. Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy in Togo. Most patients present with advanced and metastatic disease. Skin metastasis from prostate cancer is very rare and it occurs late and often with a poor prognosis. We report a case in a 52-year-old Togolese man where the ...

Contribution a l'etude des effets pharmacologiques in vivo de lippia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Lippia multiflora Mold (Verbenaceae) currently known as "Thé de Gambie" is one of popular medicinal plant used as tea in Togo to treat insomnia and jaundice. The aim of this study is to investigate the sedative, analgesic and muscular relaxation properties of aqueous extract of L. multiflora administered at 250, 500 and ...

Kayayei: the women head porters of southern Ghana | Opare ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It was found that most of the woman porters hail from the savanna zones of northern Ghana and adjoining areas of Burkina Faso and Togo. They move down south to work and save money for various forms of investment. The paper attributes the push factor, poverty, to the interplay of natural phenomena and human agency.

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Abstract · Vol 8, No 1 (2006): Serie D - Articles Aspects epidemiologiques et diagnostiques des stenoses caustiques de l'oesophage au Togo Abstract · Vol 8, No 2 (2006): Serie D - Articles Ruptures traumatiques du tube digestif. Abstract · Vol 8, No 2 (2006): Serie D - Articles Les encephaloceles au Chu Tokoin de Lome

Umbilicoplasty in children with huge umbilical hernia | Komlatsè ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

With a mean follow-up of 10 months, we had 10 excellent results and two fair results according to our criteria. Conclusion: Our two lateral fl aps umbilicoplasty is well-adapted to HUH in children. Itis simple and assures a satisfactory anatomical and cosmetic result. Key words: Children, huge umbilical hernia, Togo, umbilical ...

Journal of Food Technology in Africa - Vol 7, No 3 (2002)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from Opaque beer (Chibuku) for potential use as a starter culture. Chamunorwa A Togo, Sara B Sara B. Feresu, Anthony Mutukumira. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfta.v7i3.19239 · Performance of different strains of Pleurotus species under Ghanaian conditions. K Vowotor, M Obodai.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vol 7, No 1 (2005): Serie E, Evaluation de la mise en ceuvre des services du protocole IPV6 dans un environnement de laboratoire, Abstract. A Oumtanaga. Vol 19, No 2 (2017), Evaluation de la mise en oeuvre des mesures de radioprotection des travailleurs exposes aux rayonnements ionisants en milieu medical au Togo ...

Bibliographic checklist of the marine benthic algae of Central Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean (Excluding Hawai‘i and French Polynesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsuda, R.T.

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The Polynesian algal bibliographic checklist is based on records from past references for American Samoa and Samoa (380 spp., Cook Islands (111 spp., Johnston Atoll (190 spp., Line Islands (250 spp., Niue (3 spp., Phoenix Islands (193 spp., Pitcairn Islands (23 spp., Tokelau (1 sp., Tonga (109 spp., Wake Atoll (121 spp. and Wallis and Futuna (191 spp. and consists of three sections. The first section (I. Classification provides a listing of classes, orders, and families of the 238 genera of Polynesian algae. The second section (II. Species-Reference Index provides an alphabetized listing of the 667 named algal species under the four Phyla, i.e., Cyanobacteria (68 species, Rhodophyta (373 species, Ochrophyta (59 species and Chlorophyta (167 species with the applicable reference citations for each island or atoll. Brief taxonomic or nomenclatural notes are provided, when appropriate, for selected species. The third section (III. Island-Reference Index provides a chronological listing of all published references for the respective island or atoll in each island group. The complete references for all citations in the text are provided in the Reference section.

Will the Current Solution Survive the Future Battlespace? An examination of the Combatant Role of the Australian Army’s Protected mobility capability

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-10

Interim Infantry Mobility Vehicle IMV Infantry Mobility Vehicle INTERFET International Force East Timor LOE Lines of Effort LWD -1 Land Warfare...produce strategically relevant and combat ready forces.”39 This doctrinal publication, Land Warfare Doctrine 1 ( LWD 1), echoes the difficulties outlined...time. The acknowledgement of this concern is further underlined in LWD 1 which enunciates that “while the strategic situation can change quickly

Analysis of an RNA-seq Strand-Specific Library from an East Timorese Cucumber Sample Reveals a Complete Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus Genome.

Science.gov (United States)

Maina, Solomon; Edwards, Owain R; de Almeida, Luis; Ximenes, Abel; Jones, Roger A C

2017-05-11

Analysis of an RNA-seq library from cucumber leaf RNA extracted from a fast technology for analysis of nucleic acids (FTA) card revealed the first complete genome of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) from East Timor. We compare it with 35 complete CABYV genomes from other world regions. It most resembled the genome of the South Korean isolate HD118. Copyright © 2017 Maina et al.

The distribution of henipaviruses in Southeast Asia and Australasia: is Wallace's line a barrier to Nipah virus?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrew C Breed

Full Text Available Nipah virus (NiV (Genus Henipavirus is a recently emerged zoonotic virus that causes severe disease in humans and has been found in bats of the genus Pteropus. Whilst NiV has not been detected in Australia, evidence for NiV-infection has been found in pteropid bats in some of Australia's closest neighbours. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of henipaviruses in fruit bat (Family Pteropodidae populations to the north of Australia. In particular we tested the hypothesis that Nipah virus is restricted to west of Wallace's Line. Fruit bats from Australia, Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Indonesia were tested for the presence of antibodies to Hendra virus (HeV and Nipah virus, and tested for the presence of HeV, NiV or henipavirus RNA by PCR. Evidence was found for the presence of Nipah virus in both Pteropus vampyrus and Rousettus amplexicaudatus populations from East Timor. Serology and PCR also suggested the presence of a henipavirus that was neither HeV nor NiV in Pteropus alecto and Acerodon celebensis. The results demonstrate the presence of NiV in the fruit bat populations on the eastern side of Wallace's Line and within 500 km of Australia. They indicate the presence of non-NiV, non-HeV henipaviruses in fruit bat populations of Sulawesi and Sumba and possibly in Papua New Guinea. It appears that NiV is present where P. vampyrus occurs, such as in the fruit bat populations of Timor, but where this bat species is absent other henipaviruses may be present, as on Sulawesi and Sumba. Evidence was obtained for the presence henipaviruses in the non-Pteropid species R. amplexicaudatus and in A. celebensis. The findings of this work fill some gaps in knowledge in geographical and species distribution of henipaviruses in Australasia which will contribute to planning of risk management and surveillance activities.

Caracteristiques Sociodemographiques Du Begaiement En Milieu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: The objective of this study was to look for the prevalence of stuttering and describe the epidemiological profile of the stutterer in school environment in Lome in Togo. Material and methods: our work was to frame 5 official public primary schools of the capital including the municipality of Lome 2 and 3 in the ...

Repercussions psychologiques de la drepanocytose et coping chez ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La drépanocytose est une maladie très douloureuse, grave et chronique. La douleur drépanocytaire s'accompagne de manifestations psychiques, y compris psychopathologiques, souvent déroutantes. Cependant, peu d'études au Togo se sont intéressées au volet psychologique de cette pathologie. La présente étude ...

Impacts socio-economiques et environnementaux de la chasse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les impacts socio-économiques et environnementaux de la chasse traditionnelle dans la Région Centrale au Togo. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une combinaison de techniques touchant les dimensions quantitatives et qualitatives a été adoptée. Il se résume à la recherche documentaire ...

The African Union and Conflict Management | Albert | Africa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper reflects on the ability of the African Union (AU) to implement its conflict management mechanism. The response of the AU to the 'military coup' in Togo and its mission in Sudan are used as case studies. The emerging picture is that African leaders are now alive to their responsibilities for making, building and ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effets des formes d'uree et le schema de repiquage sur le rendement et la rentabilite du riz en culture irriguee dans la valee de zio au Sud Togo Abstract · Vol 19, No 2 (2017): Special Issue - Articles Gestion efficiente des nutriments en riziculture irriguee dans la vallee de Zio avec differentes formes d'engrais mineraux

2403-IJBCS-Article-Botolisam Polorigni

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

et la loi n°2008-005 du 30 mai 2008 portant loi-cadre sur l'environnement. Cette étude fait un bilan de ... du développement de ce secteur d'activité. Il est donc question dans ... gestion des espaces verts. Cette étude a révélé qu'au Togo, trois.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Alimentation et dietetique chez des etudiants de l'Institut National de la Jeunesse et des sports (INJS) du Togo Abstract · Vol 13, No 2 (2011): Series B - Articles Evaluation des effets d'un programme d'electromyostimulation sur la detente verticale et la force des extenseurs du genou. (Cas de 15 etudiants de l'injs de Lome ...

Etude preliminaire de la diversite genetique du bananier ( Musa spp ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les bananes dessert et bananes plantain constituent une ressource alimentaire importante. Elles sont à la base de l'alimentation humaine dans la plupart des pays tropicaux de la planète. Cependant les différentes espèces de bananiers cultivées ne sont pas bien connues au Togo. Afin d'entreprendre des travaux pour les ...

Les Champignons sauvages comestibles du Parc National Fazao ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les champignons sauvages comestibles jouent un rôle important pour les populations d'Afrique tropicale. Ils servent de nourriture, de médicaments et de source de revenus. Pour évaluer leur pertinence socioéconomique au Togo et promouvoir leur exploitation durable, un inventaire a été réalisé à travers un ...

450 Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae), une espèce multi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Gabriel Segniagbeto

33] dans les fourrés dunaires sur le littoral sableux du Togo.Les indices de diversité de Shannon (6,46) et d'équitabilité de Piélou. (0,89) montrent qu'il s'agit des formations bien diversifiées, présentant des affinités floristiques. Ces différences ...

Rupture traumatique du diaphragme au CHU Gabriel Touré de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Rupture traumatique du diaphragme au CHU Gabriel Touré de Bamako, Mali. B T Dembélé, A Togo, A Traoré, Y Sidibé, M Konaté, A A Traoré, A Bah, T Koné, I Tounkara, L Kanté, I Diakité, B Karembé, A Koné, M.I Mangane, G Diallo ...

1758-IJBCS-Article-Hoekou Yao

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

albicans, une levure isolée du prélèvement vaginal chez une malade atteinte de candidose au Laboratoire de Microbiologie du Centre. Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio. (Togo). Extraction. L'extraction a été réalisée dans le. Laboratoire de chimie de l'Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires.

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé - Vol ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Universite de Lome. ... la prise en charge médicale des enfants au Togo : profils et conditions techniques de realisation. ... Radiographie standard du thorax dans le diagnostic de la toux chez l'adulte · EMAIL ... Neurocysticercose et vih a propos de 4 cas observes aux chu de lome ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Myelome multiple du sujet age en consultation rhumatologique a Lome (Togo) Abstract · Vol 19, No 3 (2017) - Articles Le priapisme aigu: mode inaugural de decouverte d'une Leucemie Myeloïde Chronique (LMC) avec mutation T351I Abstract · Vol 19, No 3 (2017) - Articles Hemophilie A et B: a propos de dix cas colliges a ...

L'education de la jeune fille dans l'oeuvre Romanesque de felix ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In the traditional Togolese society, particularly among the Ewe-Mina of South Togo, the education of the young girl under the parental authority was centred on her chastity. However, she had to receive an education about the life of a housewife, which she had to lead. In the modern society, in the contrary, with the imported ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ayite, YMXD. Vol 13, No 2 (2011): Series E - Articles Determinatin dúne application des betons de balles de riz dans le batiment au Togo Abstract · Vol 16, No 3 (2014) - Articles Influence du taux de balles de riz sur la resistance a la compression des briques en terre. Abstract. ISSN: 2413-354X. AJOL African Journals ...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vol 19, No 2 (2017): Special Issue, Gestion participative de la fertilite de sol en culture biologique d'Ananas comosus ((L.) Merrill) au Sud de la Republique du Benin ... Vol 17, No 2 (2015), Habiletes manageriales et de leadership et la performance des unites de soins primaires du district des Lacs au Togo Leadership and ...

1809-IJBCS-Article-Hoekou Yao

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int. Évaluation des propriétés antimicrobiennes de Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Faboïdeae) et Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. et Dalz (Caesalpinoïdeae), utilisées en médecine traditionnelle au Togo. Nassifatou Koko TITTIKPINA 1, Amégninou AGBAN 2,Koffi Apeti GBOGBO 1,.

2. Olawale.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

sulaiman.adebowale

2007-09-05

Sep 5, 2007 ... 41–68. © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2007 ... in Togo and its mission in Sudan are used as case studies. ... tive peace, the regional organisation is still as under funded as the former OAU, ... Dr. Isaac Olawale Albert is at the Peace and Conflict Studies Programme,.

The Problems of Bulk-Selling Yams in Harvest and Poverty of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

harvest and poverty of yam farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The main ... size of 300 yam farmers and yam business men and women. ... Results from this study show that poor ... the people account for the bulk-selling of yams in the study area. The study .... Benin Republic, Togo and Ghana etc, fifty (50) to Eight (80) percent of.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Issue, Title. Vol 10, No 2 (2014), Sorindeia warneckei Engl. (Anacardiaceae), une espèce multi-usagère de la dépression de la Lama au Togo, Abstract PDF. A Akodewou, S Akpavi, M Dourma, K Batawila, KB Amegnaglo, W Atakpama, K Akpagama. Vol 10, No 1 (2014), Sterculia setigera Del.: influence de quelques ...

Rhabdomyosarcome geant de la cuisse chez l'adulte jeune : a ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le rhabdomyosarcome est une tumeur maligne rare de l'enfant développée à partir du muscle squelettique. ... les tumeurs au Togo est le retard de consultation des patients, l'accessibilité des moyens d'investigation et le plateau technique souvent limité, ce qui rend difficile la prise en charge adéquate de ces pathologies.

Sur deux Cynoglossus de la collection ichthyologique du Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chabanaud, Paul

1951-01-01

Sous le nom de Cynoglossus xiphoideus Günther, la collection ichthyologique du Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam possède 2 spécimens dont l’un est originaire de Shanghaï et l’autre, de la mer de Timor. Le spécimen de Shanghaï a été cédé au Zoölogisch Museum (sans doute à titre d’échange) par le British