WorldWideScience

Sample records for thermographic phosphor films

  1. Investigation of the effect of engine lubricant oil on remote temperature sensing using thermographic phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Abou Nada, Fahed, E-mail: Fahed.Abou_Nada@forbrf.lth.se; Aldén, Marcus; Richter, Mattias

    2016-11-15

    Phosphor thermometry, a remote temperature sensing technique, is widely implemented to measure the temperature of different combustion engines components. The presence of engine lubricant can influence the behavior of the applied sensor materials, known as thermographic phosphors, and thus leading to erroneous temperature measurements. The effect of two engine lubricants on decay times originating from six different thermographic phosphors was investigated. The decay time of each thermographic phosphor was investigated as a function of lubricant/phosphor mass ratio. Tests were conducted at temperatures around 293 K and 376 K for both lubricants. The investigations revealed that ZnO:Zn and ZnS:Ag are the only ones that exhibit a change of the decay time as function of the lubricant/phosphor mass ratio. While the remaining thermographic phosphors, namely BaMg{sub 2}Al{sub 16}O{sub 27}:Eu (BAM), Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-coated BaMg{sub 2}Al{sub 16}O{sub 27}:Eu, La{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu, Mg{sub 3}F{sub 2}GeO{sub 4}:Mn, displayed no sensitivity of their characteristic decay time on to the presence of lubricant on the porous coating. Biases in the calculated temperature are to be expected if the utilized thermographic phosphor displays decay time sensitivity to the existence of the engine lubricant within the sensor. Such distortions are concealed and can occur undetected leading to false temperature readings for the probed engine component.

  2. Effect of frost on phosphorescence for thermographic phosphor thermometry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Dong; Kim, Mirae; Kim, Kyung Chun

    2017-12-01

    In this study, we analyzed phosphorescence lifetime and its accuracy by growing frost for thermographic phosphor thermometry in a low-temperature environment. Mg4FGeO6:Mn particles were coated on an aluminum plate and excited with a UV-LED to obtain phosphorescence signals. The surface temperature was maintained at  -20, -15, -10 °C, and the phosphorescence signal was acquired as the frost grew for 3700 s. The lifetime was calculated and compared with the calibration curve under no-frost conditions. The error of the measured lifetime was within 0.7% of that in the no-frost conditions. A 2D surface temperature profile of the target plate was successfully obtained with the frost formation.

  3. Surface Temperature Measurements from a Stator Vane Doublet in a Turbine Engine Afterburner Flame Using a YAG:Tm Thermographic Phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, J. I.; Walker, D. G.; Gollub, S. L.; Jenkins, T. P.; Allison, S. W.

    2015-01-01

    Luminescence-based surface temperature measurements were obtained from a YAG:Tm-coated stator vane doublet exposed to the afterburner flame of a J85 test engine at University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI). The objective of the testing was to demonstrate that reliable surface temperatures based on luminescence decay of a thermographic phosphor producing short-wavelength emission could be obtained from the surface of an actual engine component in a high gas velocity, highly radiative afterburner flame environment. YAG:Tm was selected as the thermographic phosphor for its blue emission at 456 nm (1D23F4 transition) and UV emission at 365 nm (1D23H6 transition) because background thermal radiation is lower at these wavelengths, which are shorter than those of many previously used thermographic phosphors. Luminescence decay measurements were acquired using a probe designed to operate in the afterburner flame environment. The probe was mounted on the sidewall of a high-pressure turbine vane doublet from a Honeywell TECH7000 turbine engine coated with a standard electron-beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) 200-m-thick TBC composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) onto which a 25-m-thick YAG:Tm thermographic phosphor layer was deposited by solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS). Spot temperature measurements were obtained by measuring luminescence decay times at different afterburner power settings and then converting decay time to temperature via calibration curves. Temperature measurements using the decays of the 456 and 365 nm emissions are compared. While successful afterburner environment measurements were obtained to about 1300C with the 456 nm emission, successful temperature measurements using the 365 nm emission were limited to about 1100C due to interference by autofluorescence of probe optics at short decay times.

  4. Temperature Mapping of Air Film-Cooled Thermal Barrier Coated Surfaces Using Cr-Doped GdAlO3 Phosphor Thermography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Shyam, Vikram; Wroblewski, Adam C.; Zhu, Dongming; Cuy, Michael D.; Wolfe, Douglas E.

    2016-01-01

    It has been recently shown that the high luminescence intensity from a Cr-doped GdAlO3 (Cr:GdAlO3) thermographic phosphor enables non-rastered full-field temperature mapping of thermal barrier coating (TBC) surfaces to temperatures above 1000C. In this presentation, temperature mapping by Cr:GdAlO3 based phosphor thermometry of air film-cooled TBC-coated surfaces is demonstrated for both scaled-up cooling hole geometries as well as for actual components in a burner rig test environment. The effects of thermal background radiation and flame chemiluminescence on the measurements are investigated, and advantages of this method over infrared thermography as well as the limitations of this method for studying air film cooling are discussed.

  5. Implementation of an Ultra-Bright Thermographic Phosphor for Gas Turbine Engine Temperature Measurements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Bencic, Timothy J.; Zhu, Dongming; Cuy, Michael D.; Wolfe, Douglas E.; Allison, Stephen W.; Beshears, David L.; Jenkins, Thomas P.; Heeg, Bauke; Howard, Robert P.; hide

    2014-01-01

    The overall goal of the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) Seedling Phase II effort was to build on the promising temperature-sensing characteristics of the ultrabright thermographic phosphor Cr-doped gadolinium aluminum perovskite (Cr:GAP) demonstrated in Phase I by transitioning towards an engine environment implementation. The strategy adopted was to take advantage of the unprecedented retention of ultra-bright luminescence from Cr:GAP at temperatures over 1000 C to enable fast 2D temperature mapping of actual component surfaces as well as to utilize inexpensive low-power laser-diode excitation suitable for on-wing diagnostics. A special emphasis was placed on establishing Cr:GAP luminescence-based surface temperature mapping as a new tool for evaluating engine component surface cooling effectiveness.

  6. Electron beam physical vapor deposition of thin ruby films for remote temperature sensing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Wei; Coppens, Zachary J.; Greg Walker, D.; Valentine, Jason G.

    2013-01-01

    Thermographic phosphors (TGPs) possessing temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties have a wide range of uses in thermometry due to their remote access and large temperature sensitivity range. However, in most cases, phosphors are synthesized in powder form, which prevents their use in high resolution micro and nanoscale thermal microscopy. In the present study, we investigate the use of electron beam physical vapor deposition to fabricate thin films of chromium-doped aluminum oxide (Cr-Al 2 O 3 , ruby) thermographic phosphors. Although as-deposited films were amorphous and exhibited weak photoluminescence, the films regained the stoichiometry and α-Al 2 O 3 crystal structure of the combustion synthesized source powder after thermal annealing. As a consequence, the annealed films exhibit both strong photoluminescence and a temperature-dependent lifetime that decreases from 2.9 ms at 298 K to 2.1 ms at 370 K. Ruby films were also deposited on multiple substrates. To ensure a continuous film with smooth surface morphology and strong photoluminescence, we use a sapphire substrate, which is thermal expansion coefficient and lattice matched to the film. These thin ruby films can potentially be used as remote temperature sensors for probing the local temperatures of micro and nanoscale structures.

  7. Functional doped metal oxide films. Zinc oxide (ZnO) as transparent conducting oxide (TCO) titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) as thermographic phosphor and protective coating

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nebatti Ech-Chergui, Abdelkader

    2011-07-29

    Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was used in the present work. Un-doped and Al-doped ZnO films were developed using two reactors: Halogen Lamp Reactor (HLR) (a type of Cold Wall Reactor) and Hot Wall Reactor (HWR), and a comparison was made between them in terms of the film properties. Zinc acetylacetonate was used as precursor for ZnO films while aluminum acetylacetonate was used for doping. The amount of Al doping can be controlled by varying the gas flow rate. Well ordered films with aluminum content between 0 and 8 % were grown on borosilicate glass and silicon. The films obtained are 0.3 to 0.5 {mu}m thick, highly transparent and reproducible. The growth rate of ZnO films deposited using HLR is less than HWR. In HLR, the ZnO films are well oriented along c-axis ((002) plane). ZnO films are commonly oriented along the c-axis due to its low surface free energy. On the other hand, the HWR films are polycrystalline and with Al doping these films aligned along the a-axis ((100) plane) which is less commonly observed. The best films were obtained with the HLR method showing a minimum electrical resistivity of 2.4 m{omega}cm and transmittance of about 80 % in the visible range. The results obtained for Al-doped films using HLR are promising to be used as TCOs. The second material investigated in this work was un-doped and doped titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) films- its preparation and characterization. It is well known that thermographic phosphors can be used as an optical method for the surface temperature measurement. For this application, the temperature-dependent luminescence properties of europium (III)-doped TiO{sub 2} thin films were studied. It was observed that only europium doped anatase films show the phosphorescence. Rutile phase do not show phosphorescence. The films were prepared by the sol-gel method using the dip coating technique. The structures of the films were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The excitation and the emission

  8. Critical issues in enhancing brightness in thin film phosphors for flat-panel display applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, R.K.; Chen, Z.; Kumar, D.; Cho, K.; Ollinger, M.

    2002-01-01

    Thin film phosphors have potential applications in field emission flat-panel displays. However, they are limited by the lower cathodoluminescent brightness in comparison to phosphor powders. In this paper, we have investigated the critical parameters that need to be optimized to increase the brightness of phosphor thin films. Specifically, we studied the role of surface roughness and optical properties of the substrate on the brightness of the phosphor films. Thin Y 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor films were deposited on various substrates (lanthanum aluminate, quartz, sapphire, and silicon) with thicknesses varying from 50 to 500 nm. A model that accounts for diffuse and specular or scattering effects has been developed to understand the effects of the microstructure on the emission characteristics of the cathodoluminescent films. The results from the model show that both the optical properties of the substrate and the surface roughness of the films play a critical role in controlling the brightness of laser deposited phosphor films

  9. Use of a laser-induced fluorescence thermal imaging system for film cooling heat transfer measurement

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chyu, M.K. [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1995-10-01

    This paper describes a novel approach based on fluorescence imaging of thermographic phosphor that enables the simultaneous determination of both local film effectiveness and local heat transfer on a film-cooled surface. The film cooling model demonstrated consists of a single row of three discrete holes on a flat plate. The transient temperature measurement relies on the temperature-sensitive fluorescent properties of europium-doped lanthanum oxysulfide (La{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:EU{sup 3+}) thermographic phosphor. A series of full-field surface temperatures, mainstream temperatures, and coolant film temperatures were acquired during the heating of a test surface. These temperatures are used to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and the film effectiveness simultaneously. Because of the superior spatial resolution capability for the heat transfer data reduced from these temperature frames, the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging system, the present study observes the detailed heat transfer characteristics over a film-protected surface. The trend of the results agrees with those obtained using other conventional thermal methods, as well as the liquid crystal imaging technique. One major advantage of this technique is the capability to record a large number of temperature frames over a given testing period. This offers multiple-sample consistency.

  10. Nanopatterned yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor incorporated film for high-brightness GaN-based white light emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cho, Joong-yeon; Park, Sang-Jun; Ahn, Jinho; Lee, Heon

    2014-01-01

    In this study, we fabricated high-brightness white light emitting diodes (LEDs) by developing a nanopatterned yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor-incorporated film. White light can be obtained by mixing blue light from a GaN-based LED and yellow light of the YAG phosphor-incorporated film. If white light sources can be fabricated by exciting proper yellow phosphor using blue light, then these sources can be used instead of the conventional fluorescent lamps with a UV source, for backlighting of displays. In this work, a moth-eye structure was formed on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film by direct spin-on glass (SOG) printing. The moth-eye structures have been investigated to improve light transmittance in various optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic solar cells, light emitting diodes, and displays, because of their anti-reflection property. Direct SOG printing, which is a simple, easy, and relatively inexpensive process, can be used to fabricate nanoscale structures. After direct SOG printing, the moth-eye structure with a diameter of 220 nm was formed uniformly on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film. As a result of moth-eye patterning on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film, the light output power of a white LED with a patterned YAG phosphor-incorporated film increased to up to 13% higher than that of a white LED with a non-patterned film. - Highlights: • GaN-based high-brightness white LED was prepared using patterned YAG phosphor-incorporated films. • Direct hydrogen silsesquioxane printing was used to form moth-eye patterns on the YAG films. • The electroluminescence intensity of the white LED was enhanced by up to 14.9%

  11. Nanopatterned yttrium aluminum garnet phosphor incorporated film for high-brightness GaN-based white light emitting diodes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cho, Joong-yeon; Park, Sang-Jun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713 (Korea, Republic of); Ahn, Jinho, E-mail: jhahn@hanyang.ac.kr [Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Heon, E-mail: heonlee@korea.ac.kr [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713 (Korea, Republic of)

    2014-11-03

    In this study, we fabricated high-brightness white light emitting diodes (LEDs) by developing a nanopatterned yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) phosphor-incorporated film. White light can be obtained by mixing blue light from a GaN-based LED and yellow light of the YAG phosphor-incorporated film. If white light sources can be fabricated by exciting proper yellow phosphor using blue light, then these sources can be used instead of the conventional fluorescent lamps with a UV source, for backlighting of displays. In this work, a moth-eye structure was formed on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film by direct spin-on glass (SOG) printing. The moth-eye structures have been investigated to improve light transmittance in various optoelectronic devices, including photovoltaic solar cells, light emitting diodes, and displays, because of their anti-reflection property. Direct SOG printing, which is a simple, easy, and relatively inexpensive process, can be used to fabricate nanoscale structures. After direct SOG printing, the moth-eye structure with a diameter of 220 nm was formed uniformly on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film. As a result of moth-eye patterning on the YAG phosphor-incorporated film, the light output power of a white LED with a patterned YAG phosphor-incorporated film increased to up to 13% higher than that of a white LED with a non-patterned film. - Highlights: • GaN-based high-brightness white LED was prepared using patterned YAG phosphor-incorporated films. • Direct hydrogen silsesquioxane printing was used to form moth-eye patterns on the YAG films. • The electroluminescence intensity of the white LED was enhanced by up to 14.9%.

  12. Highly efficient transparent Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor film on quartz glass

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seo, K.I.; Park, J.H.; Kim, J.S.; Kim, G.C.; Yoo, J.H.

    2009-01-01

    Highly efficient transparent Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn 2+ film phosphors on quartz substrates were deposited by the thermal diffusion of sputtered ZnO:Mn film. They show a textured structure with some preferred orientations. Our film phosphor shows, for the best photoluminescence (PL) brightness, a green PL brightness of about 20% of a commercial Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn 2+ powder phosphor screen. The film shows a high transmittance of more than 10% at the red-color region. The excellence in PL brightness and transmittance can be explained in terms of the textured crystal growth with a continuous gradient of Zn 2 SiO 4 : Mn 2+ crystals.

  13. Application of structured illumination to gas phase thermometry using thermographic phosphor particles: a study for averaged imaging

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zentgraf, Florian; Stephan, Michael; Berrocal, Edouard; Albert, Barbara; Böhm, Benjamin; Dreizler, Andreas

    2017-07-01

    Structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) is combined with gas phase thermometry measurements using thermographic phosphor (TGP) particles. The technique is applied to a heated jet surrounded by a coflow which is operated at ambient temperature. The respective air flows are seeded with a powder of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) which is used as temperature-sensitive gas phase tracer. Upon pulsed excitation in the ultraviolet spectral range, the temperature is extracted based on the two-color ratio method combined with SLIPI. The main advantage of applying the SLIPI approach to phosphor thermometry is the reduction of particle-to-particle multiple light scattering and diffuse wall reflections, yielding a more robust calibration procedure as well as improving the measurement accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. For demonstration, this paper focuses on sample-averaged measurements of temperature fields in a jet-in-coflow configuration. Using the conventional approach, which in contrast to SLIPI is based on imaging with an unmodulated laser light sheet, we show that for the present setup typically 40% of the recorded signal is affected by the contribution of multiply scattered photons. At locations close to walls even up to 75% of the apparent signal is due to diffuse reflection and wall luminescence of BAM sticking at the surface. Those contributions lead to erroneous temperature fields. Using SLIPI, an unbiased two-color ratio field is recovered allowing for two-dimensional mean temperature reconstructions which exhibit a more realistic physical behavior. This is in contrast to results deduced by the conventional approach. Furthermore, using the SLIPI approach it is shown that the temperature sensitivity is enhanced by a factor of up to 2 at 270 °C. Finally, an outlook towards instantaneous SLIPI phosphorescence thermometry is provided.

  14. Electroluminescent efficiency of alternating current thick film devices using ZnS:Cu,Cl phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sharma, Gaytri; Han, Sang Do; Kim, Jung Duk; Khatkar, Satyender P.; Rhee, Young Woo

    2006-01-01

    ZnS:Cu,Cl phosphor is prepared with the help of low intensity milling of the precursor material in two step firing process. The synthesized phosphor is used for the preparation of alternating current thick film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices with screen-printing method. The commission international de l'Eclairge (CIE) color co-ordinates of the ACTFEL devices prepared by these phosphor layers shows a shift from bluish-green to green region with the change in the amount of Cu in the phosphor. The various parameters to improve the efficiency and luminance of the devices have also been investigated. The brightness of the ac thick film EL device depends on the particle size of the phosphor, crystallinity, amount of binding material and applied voltage. The EL device fabricated with phosphor having average particle size of 25 μm shows maximum luminescence, when 60% phosphor concentration is used with respect to binding material. EL intensity is also linearly dependent on frequency. It is due the increase of excitation chances of the host matrix or dopant ions with increasing frequency

  15. Characterization of novel powder and thin film RGB phosphors for field emissions display application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chakhovskoi, A.G.; Hunt, C.E.

    1996-01-01

    The spectral response, brightness and outgassing characteristics of new, low-voltage phosphors for application in field-emission flat-panel displays, are presented. The tested phosphor materials include combustion synthesized powders and thin films prepared by RF-diode or magnetron sputtering, laser ablation and molecular beam epitaxy. These cathodoluminescent materials are tested with e-beam excitation at currents up to 50 μA within the 200-2000V (e.g. open-quotes low-voltageclose quotes) and 3-8 kV (e.g. open-quotes medium voltageclose quotes) ranges. The spectral coordinates are compared to commercial low-voltage P22 phosphors. Phosphor outgassing, as a function of time is measured with a residual gas analyzer at fixed 50 μA beam current in the low-voltage range. We find that levels of outgassing stabilize to low values after the first few hours of excitation. The desorption rates measured for powder phosphor layers with different thickness are compared to desorption from thin films

  16. Digital imaging using storage phosphor screens a film-less procedure to detect radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Narayana Rao, A.V.S.S.; Mahajan, S.K.

    1998-01-01

    The imaging plate is a film-like radiation sensor comprising of specifically designed phosphors (photostimulable storage phosphors) that trap and store energy resulting from the decay of radioactive atoms in the sample. In a typical setup, samples containing radioactivity are placed next to the imaging plate for a duration of about 5-10 times less than that is needed for normal x-ray films. The stored energy is stable until scanned with a laser beam, which releases the energy as luminescence. Digital signal processing of the emitted light results in an image which represents a quantitative measure of the activity of the radiolabeled sample. This phosphor technology, launched in its first application to the medical x-ray diagnostic field, portends great promise in a wide range of newer scientific and technological applications. (author)

  17. Improving radiochromic film's sensitivity by wrapping it with UV phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geso, Moshi; Ackerly, Trevor; Patterson, William

    2004-01-01

    The main advantage of radiochromic-film dosimeters is the coupling of rapid full planar-acquisition, high-spatial resolution and dose linearity. Their main limitation, however, is their low radiation sensitivity. This precludes their application to measuring doses below a few Gy. Radiochromic films are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. In this note the results of exposing radiochromic films to x rays through an UV imaging cassette, which converts and amplifies x rays to UV radiation, are presented. These results indicate a clear increase (around 50%) in radiochromic film's sensitivity to MV x rays (6, 10, and 18 MV) when exposed through the UV phosphor

  18. Modeling on the cathodoluminescence properties of the thin film phosphors for field emission flat panel displays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Kyu-Gong

    2000-12-01

    In order to investigate the effects of the film roughness with the fundamental luminance parameters of thin film phosphors, Y2 O3:Eu films with different thickness and roughness values were deposited on various substrate materials using a pulsed laser deposition technique under a controlled experimental procedure. The best luminous efficiency was observed from the Y2O3:Eu films on quartz substrates due to the smaller refractive index and low absorption characteristics of the quartz substrates which produce a larger amount of total internal reflection in the film and low loss of light intensity during the multiple internal reflections. The trapped light inside the film can escape the film more easily due to rougher film surface. The better epitaxial growth capability of the Y2O 3:Eu films with the LaAlO3 substrates resulted in higher luminous efficiency in the small surface roughness region. Higher luminous efficiency was observed in reflection mode than in transmission mode due to the contribution of diffusely scattered light at the air-film interface. A new theoretical model based on the diffraction scattering theory of light, the steady-state diffusion condition of carriers and the Kanaya-Okayama's electron- beam-solid interaction range satisfactorily explains all the experimental results mentioned above. The model also provides solid understandings on the cathodoluminescence properties of the thin film phosphors with the effects of other single or multiple luminance parameters. The parameters encountered for the model are surface roughness, electron-beam-solid interaction, surface recombination rate of carriers, charge carrier diffusion properties, multiple scattering at the interfaces (air- film, film-substrate, and substrate-air), optical properties of the material, film thickness, and substrate type. The model supplies a general solution in both qualitative and quantitative ways to estimate the luminance properties of the thin film phosphors and it can be

  19. High color rendering index of remote-type white LEDs with multi-layered quantum dot-phosphor films and short-wavelength pass dichroic filters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoon, Hee Chang; Oh, Ji Hye; Do, Young Rag

    2014-09-01

    This paper introduces high color rendering index (CRI) white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs) coated with red emitting (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu phosphors and yellowish-green emitting AgIn5S8/ZnS (AIS/ZS) quantum dots (QDs) on glass or a short-wavelength pass dichroic filter (SPDF), which transmit blue wavelength regions and reflect yellow wavelength regions. The red emitting (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu phosphor film is coated on glass and a SPDF using a screen printing method, and then the yellowish-green emitting AIS/ZS QDs are coated on the red phosphor (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu film-coated glass and SPDF using the electrospray (e-spray) method.To fabricate the red phosphor film, the optimum amount of phosphor is dispersed in a silicon binder to form a red phosphor paste. The AIS/ZS QDs are mixed with dimethylformamide (DMF), toluene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for the e-spray coating. The substrates are spin-coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to fabricate a conductive surface. The CRI of the white LEDs is improved through inserting the red phosphor film between the QD layer and the glass substrate. Furthermore, the light intensities of the multi-layered phosphor films are enhanced through changing the glass substrate to the SPDF. The correlated color temperatures (CCTs) vary as a function of the phosphor concentration in the phosphor paste. The optical properties of the yellowish-green AIS/ZS QDs and red (Sr,Ca)AlSiN3:Eu phosphors are characterized using photoluminescence (PL), and the multi-layered QD-phosphor films are measured using electroluminescence (EL) with an InGaN blue LED (λmax = 450 nm) at 60 mA.

  20. Luminescent properties of CaTiO3:Pr thin-film phosphor deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass substrate

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chung, Sung Mook; Han, Sang Hyuk; Song, Kuk Hyun; Kim, Eung Soo; Kim, Young Jin

    2005-01-01

    Red-emitting CaTiO 3 :Pr phosphor thin films were deposited on glass, ZnO/ITO/glass, and ITO/glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of various substrates and heat treatment on the structural and luminous properties were investigated. The films deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass exhibited superior crystallinity and more enhanced PL and CL properties compared with those on ITO/glass. The intermediate ZnO layer between phosphor film and ITO contributed to the growing behaviors and the roughening of CaTiO 3 :Pr phosphor thin films, and consequently, to the excellent luminescence. The luminescent properties of the films were improved by following heat-treatment due to a combination of factors, namely the transformation from amorphous to poly crystalline phases, the activation of the activators, and the elimination of microdefects

  1. High-resolution storage phosphor imaging of the chest: Comparison with conventional screen-film systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuhrman, C.R.; Good, B.; Feist, J.; Gur, D.; Darby, J.

    1987-01-01

    An experimental high-resolution storage phosphor imaging system (Eastman Kodak) has been used to evaluate the image quality and impact on diagnostic interpretation of storage phosphor images relative to conventional screen-film images of the same patients. The elements of the system include a high-resolution laser scanner (4K X 5K X 12 bit); an image processing system; and a high-resolution (4K X 5K X 12 bit) laser printer. Each case was digitally printed onto film in two different formats: a full-size (14 X 14-inch) and a half-size format of four processed, minified images (7 X 7-inches each). The multiformat image includes an original, an unsharp-masked, a reversed (black bone) unsharp-masked, and a high-contrast unsharp-masked image. The results of this preliminary study (11 cases, eight readers) clearly indicate that after minimal adjustment, radiologists do not object to making diagnoses from minified images. Unsharp masked images were considered preferable to unprocessed images, and processed storage phosphor images were rated significantly better than conventional film images

  2. Structural and luminescence properties of yellow Y3Al5012:Ce3+ thin film phosphors prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Dejene, FB

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available of the phosphore/epoxy hybrid system is the difficulty of achieving uniform emission of white light from the LED. In order to overcome the challenges of using mixtures of phosphore powders and epoxies thin film phosphore has been used. In this study, YAG phosphore...

  3. Thermographs

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Thermograph data collection consists primary of weekly circular charts recording continuous temperature at a given station. The collection also includes...

  4. Comparison of stimulable phosphor technology and conventional screen-film technology in pediatric scoliosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stringer, D.A.; Cairns, R.A.; Poskitt, K.J.; Bray, H.; Milner, R.; Kennedy, B.

    1994-01-01

    One hundred consecutive patients being investigated for scoliosis were studied using a double cassette containing a conventional film screen and a stimulable phosphor plate. The images were separated, randomised and scored thrice by three radiologists for anatomic structure visualisation. The exposure to the plate and film and repeat rate were measured. Scoliosis angles were comparable on both sets of images, however, visualisation of vertebrae, vertebral end plates, pedicles, spinous processes and other structures were significantly improved (p < 0.0001). Intra- and inter-observer reliability was high with good intraclass correlation. There was a 40% potential exposure reduction, and retakes were decreased from 3 to 0%. We conclude that stimulable phosphor images give better anatomic structure visualisation with potential radiation exposure reduction and lower repeat rate. (orig.)

  5. Excellent Brightness with Shortening Lifetime of Textured Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ Phosphor Films on Quartz Glass

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jehong; Park, Kwangwon; Lee, Jaebum; Kim, Jongsu; Kim, Seongsin Margaret; Kung, Patrick

    2010-04-01

    Green-emissive textured Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor films were fabricated by the thermal diffusion of ZnO:Mn on quartz glass. The Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor films became textured along several hexagonal directions and their chemical composition was continuously graded at the interface. The decay time of Mn2+ was as short as 4.4 ms, and the optical transition probability of the films defined as the inverse of decay time showed a strong correlation with film texture degree as a function of annealing temperature. The brightest Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ film showed a photoluminescent brightness as high as 65% compared with a commercial Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor powder screen and a maximum absolute transparency of 70%. These excellent optical properties are explained by the combination of the unique textured structure and continuous grading of the Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ chemical composition at the interface.

  6. Effect of acetic acid on wet patterning of copper/molybdenum thin films in phosphoric acid solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seo, Bo.-Hyun; Lee, Sang-Hyuk; Park, In-Sun; Seo, Jong Hyun; Choe, HeeHwan; Jeon, Jae-Hong; Hong, Munpyo; Lee, Yong Uk; Winkler, Joerg

    2011-01-01

    Copper metallization is a key issue for high performance thin film transistor (TFT) technology. A phosphoric acid based copper etchant is a potentially attractive alternative to the conventional hydrogen peroxide based etchant due to its longer-life expectancy time and higher stability in use. In this paper, it is shown that amount of the acetic acid in the phosphoric based copper etchant plays an important role in controlling the galvanic reaction between the copper and the molybdenum. As the concentration of acetic acid in the phosphoric mixture solution increased from 0 M to 0.4 M, the measured galvanic current density dropped from 32 mA/cm 2 to 26 mA/cm 2 , indicating that the acetic acid induces the lower galvanic reaction between the copper and the molybdenum in the solution. From the XPS analysis, with the addition of the acetic acid, the thickness of the protective MoO 2 passive film covering the molybdenum surface grew and the dissolution rate of the molybdenum thin film decreased. However, the dissolution rate of the copper thin film increased as the concentration of acetic acid in the mixture solution increased.

  7. Effect of acetic acid on wet patterning of copper/molybdenum thin films in phosphoric acid solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Seo, Bo.-Hyun; Lee, Sang-Hyuk; Park, In-Sun [Department of Materials Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Hwajeon, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 412-791 (Korea, Republic of); Seo, Jong Hyun, E-mail: jhseo@kau.ac.kr [Department of Materials Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Hwajeon, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 412-791 (Korea, Republic of); Choe, HeeHwan; Jeon, Jae-Hong [School of Electronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Hwajeon, Goyang, Gyonggi-do 412-791 (Korea, Republic of); Hong, Munpyo [Display and Semiconductor Physics, Korea University (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Yong Uk [PETEC (The Printable Electronics Technology Centre) (United Kingdom); Winkler, Joerg [PLANSEE Metal GmbH, Metallwerk-Plansee-Str. 71A-6600, Reutte (Austria)

    2011-08-01

    Copper metallization is a key issue for high performance thin film transistor (TFT) technology. A phosphoric acid based copper etchant is a potentially attractive alternative to the conventional hydrogen peroxide based etchant due to its longer-life expectancy time and higher stability in use. In this paper, it is shown that amount of the acetic acid in the phosphoric based copper etchant plays an important role in controlling the galvanic reaction between the copper and the molybdenum. As the concentration of acetic acid in the phosphoric mixture solution increased from 0 M to 0.4 M, the measured galvanic current density dropped from 32 mA/cm{sup 2} to 26 mA/cm{sup 2}, indicating that the acetic acid induces the lower galvanic reaction between the copper and the molybdenum in the solution. From the XPS analysis, with the addition of the acetic acid, the thickness of the protective MoO{sub 2} passive film covering the molybdenum surface grew and the dissolution rate of the molybdenum thin film decreased. However, the dissolution rate of the copper thin film increased as the concentration of acetic acid in the mixture solution increased.

  8. Super-bright and short-lived photoluminescence of textured Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor film on quartz glass

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jehong; Park, Kwangwon; Lee, Jaebum; Kim, Jongsu; Seo, Kwangil; Kwon, Kevin; Kung, Patrick; Kim, Seongsin M.

    2010-02-01

    Green-emissive textured Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor film was fabricated by a thermal diffusion of ZnO:Mn on quartz glass. The characterization has been performed in terms of Mn2+ ions concentration (Mn/Zn=1~9 mol %). As an increase of Mn2+ ions concentration in the Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor film, the emission peak was red shifted from 519 nm to 526 nm, and the decay time to 10% of the maximum intensity was shorter from 20 ms to 0.5 ms. All annealed Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor films became textured along some hexagonal directions on the amorphous quartz glass. The brightest Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ film at optimal Mn2+ concentration of 5 % showed the photoluminescence brightness of 65 % and the shortened decay time of 4.4 ms in comparison with a commercially Zn2SiO4: Mn2+ powder phosphor screen. The excellencies can be attributed to a unique textured structure.

  9. Image quality in conventional film screen system, digital phosphor storage plate mammography in magnification technique and digital mammography in CCD-technique

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Aichinger, U.; Boehner, C.; Dobritz, M.; Bautz, W.; Saebel, M.

    2000-01-01

    Purpose: Comparison of image quality between conventional film screen system, digital phosphor storage plate mammography in magnification technique and digital mammography in CCD-technique. Materials and Methods: Radiograms of a RMI-mammography phantom were acquired using a conventional film screen system, two digital storage plate systems and two digital systems in CCD-technique. Additionally, the radiograms of one digital phosphor storage plate system were post-processed emphasizing contrast and included in the comparison. Results: The detectability of details was the best with the digital mammography in CCD-technique in comparison with the conventional film screen technique resp. digital phosphor storage plate in magnification technique. Conclusions: Based on these results there is the possibility to replace the conventional film screen system by further studies - this has to be confirmed. (orig.) [de

  10. Preparation and luminescence of green-emitting ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn{sup 2+} phosphor thin films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Ing-Bang [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan (China); Chang, Yee-Shin [Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan (China); Chen, Hao-Long [Department of Electronic Engineering, Kao Yuan University, Lujhu, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan (China); Hwang, Ching Chiang [Department of Biotechnology, Mingdao University, Chang-Hua 52345, Taiwan (China); Jian, Chen-Jhu; Chen, Yu-Shiang [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan (China); Tsai, Mu-Tsun, E-mail: mttsai@ms23.hinet.net [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan (China)

    2014-11-03

    Nanocrystalline Mn{sup 2+}-doped zinc spinel (ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn{sup 2+}) green-emitting phosphor films were deposited on silicon substrate by sol–gel spin coating and subsequent heat treatment up to 1000 °C. The effects of dopant concentration and heat treatment on the optical and structural properties were investigated. The variations in sol viscosity with time, film thickness with number of layers were also examined. Thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence spectrum. Single-phase ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} started to crystallize at around 600 °C, with a normal spinel structure. On annealing at 1000 °C, the films had smooth surfaces with a nanocrystalline structure. Under UV or visible light excitation, the phosphor films exhibited an intense green emission band peaking at around 512 nm, corresponding to the typical {sup 4}T{sub 1} → {sup 6}A{sub 1} transition of tetrahedral Mn{sup 2+} ions. The most intense green emission was obtained by exciting at 456 nm. The emission intensity of films was highly dependent upon the excitation wavelength, crystallinity, dopant content, and deposition conditions. The results show that the ZnAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn{sup 2+} films have good potential for use as a green phosphor for displays and/or white light-emitting diodes. - Highlights: • ZnAl2O4:Mn2 + thin film phosphors have been synthesized by a sol–gel process. • The most intense green emission was obtained by exciting at 456 nm. • Photoluminescence is highly dependent on the crystallinity and doping content. • Emission intensity can also be modulated by controlling the film thickness.

  11. Determination of surface temperatures in combustion environments using thermographic phosphors; Wandtemperaturmessungen in Verbrennungsumgebungen mithilfe thermographischer Phosphore

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruebach, J.; Kissel, T. [TU Darmstadt (Germany). FG Energie- und Kraftwerkstechnik; Dreizler, A. [TU Darmstadt (Germany). FG Reaktive Stroemungen und Messtechnik

    2009-07-01

    A phosphor thermometry system was characterised with regard to all sources of systematic errors. Exemplary, the point measurement of a surface temperature and the determination of wall-normal temperature gradients within an optically accessible combustion chamber are outlined. Furthermore, the temporal temperature characteristic at the quartz ring of an optically accessible engine is presented. (orig.)

  12. Synthesis of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:(Li,Eu) films using phosphor powders coated with SiO{sub 2} nano particles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, In-Gyu; Park, Sangmoon [Center for Green Fusion Technology and Department of Engineering in Energy and Applied Chemistry, Silla University, Busan 617-736 (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Seong-Gu [Department of Chemical Engineering, Hoseo University, Chungnam 336-795 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Jung-Chul, E-mail: parkjc@silla.ac.k [Center for Green Fusion Technology and Department of Engineering in Energy and Applied Chemistry, Silla University, Busan 617-736 (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-08-15

    Y{sub 1.9-x}Li{sub 0.1}Eu{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0.02, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.12) films were fabricated by spin-coating method. A colloidal silica suspension with Y{sub 1.9-x}Li{sub 0.1}Eu{sub x}O{sub 3} phosphor powder was exploited to obtain the highly stable and effective luminescent films onto the glass substrate. After heating as-prepared Y{sub 1.9-x}Li{sub 0.1}Eu{sub x}O{sub 3} films at 700 {sup o}C for 1 h, the phosphor films exhibit a high luminescent brightness as well as a strong adhesiveness on the glass substrate. The emission spectra of spin-coated and pulse-laser deposited Y{sub 1.82}Li{sub 0.1}Eu{sub 0.08}O{sub 3} films were compared. The cathodoluminescence of the phosphor films was carried out at the anode voltage 1 kV.

  13. Green-emissive transparent BaSi 2O 5:Eu 2 + film phosphor on quartz glass created by a sputtering thermal diffusion process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, K. I.; Park, J. H.; Kim, J. S.; Na, Y. H.; Choi, J. C.; Bae, J. S.

    2009-10-01

    Eu 2+-doped BaSi 2O 5 film phosphors on quartz substrates are fabricated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering thermal diffusion. The BaSi 2O 5: Eu 2+ phosphor crystals have some preferred orientations that are lattice-spacing matched with the crystallized β- SiO 2 crystals, and they show pore and grain boundary-free morphology with a rod-like shape fused into the crystallized β- SiO 2 crystals. The BaSi 2O 5: Eu 2+ film phosphor has a high transparency, with a transmittance of about 30% in visible light. The BaSi 2O 5: Eu 2+ film phosphor shows 510 nm green emission from the f-d transition of the Eu 2+ ions, and in particular the best sample shows a green photoluminescence brightness of about 5% of a BaSi 2O 5: Eu 2+ powder phosphor screen. These excellences in optical properties can be explained by less optical scattering at pores or grain boundaries, and less reflection at the continuously index-changed interface.

  14. Enabling Lambertian-Like Warm White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with a Yellow Phosphor Embedded Flexible Film

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cheng-Chang Chen

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We demonstrate in this report a new constructive method of fabricating white organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs with a flexible plastic film embedded with yellow phosphor. The flexible film is composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS and fabricated by using spin coating followed by peeling technology. From the results, the resultant electroluminescent spectrum shows the white OLED to have chromatic coordinates of 0.38 and 0.54 and correlated color temperature of 4200 K. The warm white OLED exhibits the yield of 10.3 cd/A and the luminous power efficiency of 5.4 lm/W at a luminance of 1000 cd/m2. A desirable Lambertian-like far-field pattern is detected from the white OLEDs with the yellow phosphor containing PDMS film. This method is simple, reproducible, and cost-effective, proving to be a highly feasible approach to realize white OLED.

  15. Fabrication Flexible and Luminescent Nanofibrillated Cellulose Films with Modified SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy Phosphors via Nanoscale Silica and Aminosilane

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Longfei Zhang

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Flexible 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrillated cellulose (ONFC films with long afterglow luminescence containing modified SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAOED phosphors were fabricated by a template method. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS and (3-aminopropyl trimethoxy-silane (APTMS were employed cooperatively to improve the water resistance and compatibility of the SAOED particles in the ONFC suspension. The structure and morphology after modification evidenced the formation of a superior SiO2 layer and coarse amino-compounds on the surface of the phosphors. Homogeneous dispersions containing ONFC and the modified phosphors were prepared and the interface of composite films containing the amino-modified particles showed a more closely packed structure and had less voids at the interface between the cellulose and luminescent particles than that of silica-modified phosphors. The emission spectra for luminescent films showed a slight blue shift (3.2 nm at around 512 nm. Such flexible films with good luminescence, thermal resistance, and mechanical properties can find applications in fields like luminous flexible equipment, night indication, and portable logo or labels.

  16. Thermographic Phosphors for High Temperature Measurements: Principles, Current State of the Art and Recent Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Konstantinos Kontis

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper reviews the state of phosphor thermometry, focusing on developments in the past 15 years. The fundamental principles and theory are presented, and the various spectral and temporal modes, including the lifetime decay, rise time and intensity ratio, are discussed. The entire phosphor measurement system, including relative advantages to conventional methods, choice of phosphors, bonding techniques, excitation sources and emission detection, is reviewed. Special attention is given to issues that may arise at high temperatures. A number of recent developments and applications are surveyed, with examples including: measurements in engines, hypersonic wind tunnel experiments, pyrolysis studies and droplet/spray/gas temperature determination. They show the technique is flexible and successful in measuring temperatures where conventional methods may prove to be unsuitable.

  17. Industrial radiography with phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Broadhead, P.

    1981-01-01

    An experimental system that comprises a film of low silver content and a pair of high resolution phosphor intensifying screens and a commercial industrial X-ray film of similar speed are compared for image quality. It is concluded that the use of phosphor screens offers an increase in image quality when the information is limited by the graininess or quantum mottle of a radiograph which is frequently the case in practical radiography. (author)

  18. Photoluminescence emission of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide films prepared in phosphoric acid

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    The photoluminescence emission of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide films formed in phosphoric acid is studied in order to explore their defect-based subband electronic structure. Different excitation wavelengths are used to identify most of the details of the subband states. The films are produced under different anodizing conditions to optimize their emission in the visible range. Scanning electron microscopy investigations confirm pore formation in the produced layers. Gaussian analysis of the emission data indicates that subband states change with anodizing parameters, and various point defects can be formed both in the bulk and on the surface of these nanoporous layers during anodizing. PMID:23272786

  19. Fabrication and characterization of thin-film phosphor combinatorial libraries

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mordkovich, V. Z.; Jin, Zhengwu; Yamada, Y.; Fukumura, T.; Kawasaki, M.; Koinuma, H.

    2002-05-01

    The laser molecular beam epitaxy method was employed to fabricate thin-film combinatorial libraries of ZnO-based phosphors on different substrates. Fabrication of both pixel libraries, on the example of Fe-doped ZnO, and spread libraries, on the example of Eu-doped ZnO, has been demonstrated. Screening of the Fe-doped ZnO libraries led to the discovery of weak green cathodoluminescence with the maximum efficiency at the Fe content of 0.58 mol %. Screening of the Eu-doped ZnO libraries led to the discovery of unusual reddish-violet cathodoluminescence which is observed in a broad range of Eu concentration. No photoluminescence was registered in either system.

  20. Radionuclide and thermographic diagnosis of head and neck tumors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bogdasarov, Yu.B.; Lenskaya, O.P.; Polyakov, B.I.; Belkina, B.M. (Akademiya Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR, Moscow. Onkologicheskij Nauchnyj Tsentr)

    1983-10-01

    Radionuclide and thermographic studies using /sup 67/Ga-citrate and /sup 111/In-bleomycin were performed in 129 patients with laryngeal cancer, chemodectoma of the neck, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbital and facial soft tissues and cancer of the tongue. Elevated amounts of the radiopharmaceuticals were found in patients with tumors. In thermographic studies higher temperature activity corresponding to the tumor was noted. Radio-nuclide thermographic studies extend diagnostic opportunities for head and neck tumors.

  1. Radionuclide and thermographic diagnosis of head and neck tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bogdasarov, Yu.B.; Lenskaya, O.P.; Polyakov, B.I.; Belkina, B.M.

    1983-01-01

    Radionuclide and thermographic studies using 67 Ga-citrate and 111 In-bleomycin were performed in 129 patients with laryngeal cancer, chemodectoma of the neck, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbital and facial soft tissues and cancer of the tongue. Elevated amounts of the radiopharmaceuticals were found in patients with tumors. In thermographic studies higher temperature activity corresponding to the tumor was noted. Radio-nuclide thermographic studies extend diagnostic opportunities for head and neck tumors

  2. Effect of Thermal Annealing on Carbon in In-situ Phosphorous-Doped Si1-xCx films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Adam, Thomas; Loubet, Nicolas; Reznicek, Alexander; Paruchuri, Vamsi; Sampson, Ron; Sadana, Devendra

    2012-01-01

    The effect of thermal heat treatment on carbon in in-situ phosphorous-doped silicon-carbon is studied as a function of annealing temperature and type. Films of 0 to 2% carbon were deposited using cyclic chemical vapor deposition at reduced pressures. Secondary ion-mass spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray diffraction were employed to extract the total and substitutional carbon concentration in samples with phosphorous levels of mid-10 20 cm -3 . It was found that millisecond laser annealing drastically improves substitutionality while high thermal budget treatments (furnace, rapid-thermal, or spike annealing) resulted in an almost complete loss of substitutional carbon, independent of preceding or subsequent laser heat treatments.

  3. Electron-beam-pumped phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goldhar, J.; Krupke, W.F.

    1985-01-01

    Electron-beam excitation of solid-state scintillators, or phosphors, can result in efficient generation of visible light confined to relatively narrow regions of the spectrum. The conversion efficiency can exceed 20%, and, with proper choice of phosphors, radiation can be obtained anywhere from the near infrared (IR) to the near ultraviolet (UV). These properties qualify the phosphors as a potentially useful pump source for new solid-state lasers. New phosphors are being developed for high-brightness television tubes that are capable of higher power dissipation. Here, an epitaxial film of fluorescing material is grown on a crystalline substrate with good thermal properties. For example, researchers at North American Philips Laboratories have developed a cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) grown on a YAG substrate, which has operated at 1 A/cm 2 at 20 kV without observed thermal quenching. The input power is higher by almost two orders of magnitude than that which can be tolerated by a conventional television phosphor. The authors describe tests of these new phosphors

  4. Novel UV-emitting single crystalline film phosphors grown by LPE method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zorenko, Y.; Gorbenko, V.; Savchyn, V.; Voznyak, T.; Nikl, M.; Mares, J.A.; Winnacker, A.

    2010-01-01

    This work reports the development of new types of UV-emitting phosphors based on single crystalline films (SCF) of aluminum garnet and perovskite compounds grown by the liquid phase epitaxy method. We consider peculiarities of the growth and the luminescent and scintillation properties of the following four types of UV SCF phosphors: i) Ce-doped SCF of Y-Lu-Al-perovskites with the Ce 3+ emission in the 300-450 nm range of the decay time of 16-17 ns; ii) Pr-doped SCF of Y-Lu-Al garnets and perovskites with the Pr 3+ emission in the 300-400 nm and 235-330 nm ranges with the decay time of 13-19 and 7-8 ns, respectively; iii) La 3+ or Sc 3+ doped SCF of Y-Lu-Al-garnets, emitting in the 280-400 nm range due to formation of the La Y,Lu , Sc Y,Lu and Sc Al centers with decay time of the order of several hundreds of nanoseconds; iv) Bi 3+ doped SCF of garnets with Bi 3+ emission in 275-350 nm with decay time of about 1.9 μs.

  5. Implementation of thermographers' certification in Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    dos Santos, Laerte; Alves, Luiz M.; da Costa Bortoni, Edson

    2011-05-01

    In recent years Brazil has experienced extraordinary growth despite the recent economic global crisis. The demand for infrared thermography products and services has accompanied this growth. Like other non-destructive testing and inspection, the results obtained by thermography are highly dependent on the skills of thermographer. Therefore, it is very important to establish a serious and recognized process of certification to assess thermographers' qualifications and help services suppliers to establish credibility with their customers and increase the confidence of these costumers on the quality of these services. The Brazilian Society of Non-Destructive Testing and Inspection, ABENDI, a non-profitable, private technical-scientific entity, recognized nationally and internationally, has observed the necessity of starting a process for certification of thermographers in Brazil. With support of a work group composed by experts from oil and energy industries, transportation, universities and manufactures, the activities started in 2005. This paper describes the economic background required for installation of the certification process, its initial steps, the main characteristics of the Brazilian certification and the expectation for initiating the certification process.

  6. High-Throughput Synthesis and Characterization of Eu Doped Ba xSr2- xSiO4 Thin Film Phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frost, Sara; Guérin, Samuel; Hayden, Brian E; Soulié, Jean-Philippe; Vian, Chris

    2018-06-20

    High-throughput techniques have been employed for the synthesis and characterization of thin film phosphors of Eu-doped Ba x Sr 2- x SiO 4 . Direct synthesis from evaporation of the constituent elements under a flux of atomic oxygen on a sapphire substrate at 850 °C was used to directly produce thin film libraries (415 nm thickness) of the crystalline orthosilicate phase with the desired compositional variation (0.24 > x > 1.86). The orthosilicate phase could be synthesized as a pure, or predominantly pure, phase. Annealing the as synthesized library in a reducing atmosphere resulted in the reduction of the Eu while retaining the orthosilicate phase, and resulted in a materials thin film library where fluorescence excited by blue light (450 nm) was observable by the naked eye. Parallel screening of the fluorescence from the combinatorial libraries of Eu doped Ba x Sr 2- x SiO 4 has been implemented by imaging the fluorescent radiation over the library using a monochrome digital camera using a series of color filters. Informatics tools have been developed to allow the 1931 CIE color coordinates and the relative quantum efficiencies of the materials library to be rapidly assessed and mapped against composition, crystal structure and phase purity. The range of compositions gave values of CIE x between 0.17 and 0.52 and CIE y between 0.48 and 0.69 with relative efficiencies in the range 2.0 × 10 -4 -7.6 × 10 -4 . Good agreement was obtained between the thin film phosphors and the fluorescence characteristics of a number of corresponding bulk phosphor powders. The thermal quenching of fluorescence in the thin film libraries was also measured in the temperature range 25-130 °C: The phase purity of the thin film was found to significantly influence both the relative quantum efficiency and the thermal quenching of the fluorescence.

  7. Methodology, models and algorithms in thermographic diagnostics

    CERN Document Server

    Živčák, Jozef; Madarász, Ladislav; Rudas, Imre J

    2013-01-01

    This book presents  the methodology and techniques of  thermographic applications with focus primarily on medical thermography implemented for parametrizing the diagnostics of the human body. The first part of the book describes the basics of infrared thermography, the possibilities of thermographic diagnostics and the physical nature of thermography. The second half includes tools of intelligent engineering applied for the solving of selected applications and projects. Thermographic diagnostics was applied to problematics of paraplegia and tetraplegia and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The results of the research activities were created with the cooperation of the four projects within the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic entitled Digital control of complex systems with two degrees of freedom, Progressive methods of education in the area of control and modeling of complex object oriented systems on aircraft turbocompressor engines, Center for research of control of te...

  8. The zombie thermographer apocalypse preparedness 101: zombie thermographer pandemic

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colbert, Fred

    2013-05-01

    Fact: The U.S Government Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, rather remarkably has dedicated part of their web site to" Zombie Preparedness". See: http://www.cdc.gov/phpr/zombies.htm for more information. This is a tongue-incheek campaign with messages to engage audiences with the hazards of unpreparedness. The CDC director, U.S. Assistant Surgeon General Ali S. Khan (RET), MD, MPH notes, "If you are generally well equipped to deal with a zombie apocalypse you will be prepared for a hurricane, pandemic, earthquake, or terrorist attack. Make a plan, and be prepared!" (CDC Website, April 26th, 2013). Today we can make an easy comparison between the humor that the CDC is bringing to light, and what is actually happening in the Thermographic Industry. It must be acknowledge there are "Zombie Thermographers" out there. At times, it can be observed from the sidelines as a pandemic apocalypse attacking the credibility and legitimacy of the science and the industry that so many have been working to advance for over 30 years. This paper outlines and explores the trends currently taking place, the very real risks to facility plant, property, and human life as a result, and the strategies to overcome these problems.

  9. Ultraviolet /UV/ sensitive phosphors for silicon imaging detectors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Viehmann, W.; Cowens, M. W.; Butner, C. L.

    1981-01-01

    The fluorescence properties of UV sensitive organic phosphors and the radiometric properties of phosphor coated silicon detectors in the VUV, UV, and visible wavelengths are described. With evaporated films of coronene and liumogen, effective quantum efficiencies of up to 20% have been achieved on silicon photodiodes in the vacuum UV. With thin films of methylmethacrylate (acrylic), which are doped with organic laser dyes and deposited from solution, detector quantum efficiencies of the order of 15% for wavelengths of 120-165 nm and of 40% for wavelengths above 190 nm have been obtained. The phosphor coatings also act as antireflection coatings and thereby enhance the response of coated devices throughout the visible and near IR.

  10. Effects of Chlorine Ions on the Dissolution Mechanism of Cu Thin Film in Phosphoric Acid Based Solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seo, Bo-Hyun; Kim, Byoung O; Seo, Jong Hyun

    2015-10-01

    The dissolution mechanisms of Cu thin film were studied with a focus on the effect of chlorine ion concentrations in mixture solutions of phosphoric and nitric acid. The dissolution behaviors of Cu thin film were investigated by using potentio-dynamic curves and impedance spectroscopy with varying chlorine ion concentrations. The copper dissolution rate decreased and as a result of this change, CuCl, salt films formed on the Cu surface in the presence of chlorine ions in the mixture solution. Such behavior was interpreted as being competitive adsorption between chlorine and nitrate ions on the copper surface. The passive oxide film on the Cu surface was further investigated in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in both the absence and presence of differing chlorine ion concentrations.

  11. Pilot Study on The Thermographic Change of Seven Acupoints by Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lee Yun-kyu

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective : This study was designed to find out the effect of seven acupoints of stroke in cerebrovascular hemiplegia patients. Methods : This study was performed on 6 patients with cerebrovascular hemiplegia (test group and 6 health persons(control group. We measured temperature of skin surface of test and control group using digital infrared thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I. after acupunture on seven acupoints of stroke. And we calculated difference of skin temperature between healthful and affected side for each groups. Results : There was significant difference in area 3 in both two groups between before and after acupuncture. But in general there was no significant difference between two groups on thermographic change. Conclusions : This is pilot study, so further studies are required to find out the effect of seven acupoints of stroke in cerebrovascular hemiplegia patients.

  12. Morphological changes of porphine films on graphite by perchloric and phosphoric electrolytes. An electrochemical-AFM study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yivlialin, Rossella; Penconi, Marta; Bussetti, Gianlorenzo; Biroli, Alessio Orbelli; Finazzi, Marco; Duò, Lamberto; Bossi, Alberto

    2018-06-01

    Organic molecules have been proposed as promising candidates for electrode protection in acidic electrolytes. The use of tetraphenyl-porphines (H2TPP) as graphite surface-protecting agents in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is one of the newest. With the aim of unveiling the mechanism of such a protective effect, in this paper we test the stability of a H2TPP thin film immersed in perchloric and phosphoric acid solutions that differently interact with porphyrins. The protective role of H2TPP is tested in the electrochemical potential range where the pristine graphite undergoes an oxidation process that erodes the surface and eventually exfoliate the stratified crystal. The electrochemical analysis is performed in a three-electrode cell, while the surface morphology is monitored ex-situ and in-situ by atomic force microscopy. Electrospray mass analysis is also employed to investigate the presence of H2TPP fragments in the solution. We find that the organic film is not stable in perchloric solution, while it is stable and avoids graphite surface corrosion in phosphoric acid solution. These results provide a rationale for the role played by free-base porphines in graphite protection.

  13. Experimental investigations of image quality in X-ray mammography with conventional screen film system (SFS), digital phosphor storage plate in/without magnification technique (CR) and digital CCD-technique (CCD)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Aichinger, U.; Boehner, C.; Dobritz, M.; Wenkel, E.; Bautz, W.; Saebel, M.

    2001-01-01

    Comparison of image quality in X-ray mammography between conventional film screen film system (SFS), digital phosphor storage plate in and without magnification technique (CR) and digital CCD-technique (CCD). Radiograms of an RMI-mammography phantom were acquired using a conventional screen film system, three digital storage plate systems and two digital systems in CCD-technique. Additionally the radiograms of one digital phosphor storage plate system were post-processed regarding contrast and included in the comparison. The detectability of details was best with the digital mammography in CCD-technique. After confirming these promising results in clinical studies, digital mammography should be able to replace conventional screen film technique. (orig.)

  14. Measurement of the secondary electron emission from CVD diamond films using phosphor screen detectors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaz, R.; May, P. W.; Fox, N. A.; Harwood, C. J.; Chatterjee, V.; Smith, J. A.; Horsfield, C. J.; Lapington, J. S.; Osbourne, S.

    2015-03-01

    Diamond-based photomultipliers have the potential to provide a significant improvement over existing devices due to diamond's high secondary electron yield and narrow energy distribution of secondary electrons which improves energy resolution creating extremely fast response times. In this paper we describe an experimental apparatus designed to study secondary electron emission from diamond membranes only 400 nm thick, observed in reflection and transmission configurations. The setup consists of a system of calibrated P22 green phosphor screens acting as radiation converters which are used in combination with photomultiplier tubes to acquire secondary emission yield data from the diamond samples. The superior signal voltage sampling of the phosphor screen setup compared with traditional Faraday Cup detection allows the variation in the secondary electron yield across the sample to be visualised, allowing spatial distributions to be obtained. Preliminary reflection and transmission yield data are presented as a function of primary electron energy for selected CVD diamond films and membranes. Reflection data were also obtained from the same sample set using a Faraday Cup detector setup. In general, the curves for secondary electron yield versus primary energy for both measurement setups were comparable. On average a 15-20% lower signal was recorded on our setup compared to the Faraday Cup, which was attributed to the lower photoluminescent efficiency of the P22 phosphor screens when operated at sub-kilovolt bias voltages.

  15. Thermographic survey of two rural buildings in Spain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martin Ocana, S.; Canas Guerrero, I. [Departamento de Construccion y Vias Rurales, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Agronomos, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid (Spain); Gonzalez Requena, I. [Departamento de Materiales y Produccion Aeroespacial, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Aeronauticos, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid (Spain)

    2004-07-01

    Two common housing prototypes of existing buildings in Spanish rural areas were surveyed by infrared inspection. The aim of the study is to assess the usefulness of infrared thermography as a technique for the detection of the thermal performance of rural buildings. For the traditional house the best results were obtained in the thermographic survey carried out in the evening. Contrarily, for the modern house the thermographic survey at daybreak provided more information. Infrared thermography allowed the comparison of the thermal performance of two buildings. (author)

  16. An imaging system for quantitive surface temperature mapping using two-color thermographic phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buck, Gregory M.

    1988-01-01

    A technique for obtaining detailed quantitative temperature distributions on test models in hypersonic wind tunnels is presented. This technique is based on the ratio of blue to green (450, 520 nm) emission from an UV (365 nm) excited phosphor coating. Separately filtered images are recorded from a three-tube color camera, utilizing off-the-shelf front-end video optics to discriminate wavelengths. Two demonstration studies in a 31-inch Mach 10 tunnel are discussed. One study presents the windward surface temperature-time history for a transatmospheric vehicle, and the other illustrates nosetip heating on a spherically blunted slender cone.

  17. Standardized assessment of infrared thermographic fever screening system performance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghassemi, Pejhman; Pfefer, Joshua; Casamento, Jon; Wang, Quanzeng

    2017-03-01

    Thermal modalities represent the only currently viable mass fever screening approach for outbreaks of infectious disease pandemics such as Ebola and SARS. Non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) and infrared thermographs (IRTs) have been previously used for mass fever screening in transportation hubs such as airports to reduce the spread of disease. While NCITs remain a more popular choice for fever screening in the field and at fixed locations, there has been increasing evidence in the literature that IRTs can provide greater accuracy in estimating core body temperature if appropriate measurement practices are applied - including the use of technically suitable thermographs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a battery of evaluation test methods for standardized, objective and quantitative assessment of thermograph performance characteristics critical to assessing suitability for clinical use. These factors include stability, drift, uniformity, minimum resolvable temperature difference, and accuracy. Two commercial IRT models were characterized. An external temperature reference source with high temperature accuracy was utilized as part of the screening thermograph. Results showed that both IRTs are relatively accurate and stable (<1% error of reading with stability of +/-0.05°C). Overall, results of this study may facilitate development of standardized consensus test methods to enable consistent and accurate use of IRTs for fever screening.

  18. Super-resolution thermographic imaging using blind structured illumination

    Science.gov (United States)

    Burgholzer, Peter; Berer, Thomas; Gruber, Jürgen; Mayr, Günther

    2017-07-01

    Using an infrared camera for thermographic imaging allows the contactless temperature measurement of many surface pixels simultaneously. From the measured surface data, the structure below the surface, embedded inside a sample or tissue, can be reconstructed and imaged, if heated by an excitation light pulse. The main drawback in active thermographic imaging is the degradation of the spatial resolution with the imaging depth, which results in blurred images for deeper lying structures. We circumvent this degradation by using blind structured illumination combined with a non-linear joint sparsity reconstruction algorithm. We demonstrate imaging of a line pattern and a star-shaped structure through a 3 mm thick steel sheet with a resolution four times better than the width of the thermal point-spread-function. The structured illumination is realized by parallel slits cut in an aluminum foil, where the excitation coming from a flashlight can penetrate. This realization of super-resolution thermographic imaging demonstrates that blind structured illumination allows thermographic imaging without high degradation of the spatial resolution for deeper lying structures. The groundbreaking concept of super-resolution can be transferred from optics to diffusive imaging by defining a thermal point-spread-function, which gives the principle resolution limit for a certain signal-to-noise ratio, similar to the Abbe limit for a certain optical wavelength. In future work, the unknown illumination pattern could be the speckle pattern generated by a short laser pulse inside a light scattering sample or tissue.

  19. "Eyeball test" of thermographic patterns for predicting a successful lateral infraclavicular block.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andreasen, Asger M; Linnet, Karen E; Asghar, Semera; Rothe, Christian; Rosenstock, Charlotte V; Lange, Kai H W; Lundstrøm, Lars H

    2017-11-01

    Increased distal skin temperature can be used to predict the success of lateral infraclavicular (LIC) block. We hypothesized that an "eyeball test" of specific infrared thermographic patterns after LIC block could be used to determine block success. In this observational study, five observers trained in four distinct thermographic patterns independently evaluated thermographic images of the hands of 40 patients at baseline and at one-minute intervals for 30 min after a LIC block. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a positive and a negative test were estimated to evaluate the validity of specific thermographic patterns for predicting a successful block. Sensory and motor block of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves defined block success. Fleiss' kappa statistics of multiple interobserver agreements were used to evaluate reliability. As a diagnostic test, the defined specific thermographic patterns of the hand predicted a successful block with increasing accuracy over the 30-min observation period. Block success was predicted with a sensitivity of 92.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.8 to 96.2) and with a specificity of 84.0% (95% CI, 70.3 to 92.4) at min 30. The Fleiss' kappa for the five observers was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.96). We conclude that visual evaluation by an eyeball test of specific thermographic patterns of the blocked hands may be useful as a valid and reliable diagnostic test for predicting a successful LIC block.

  20. Calibration and verification of thermographic cameras for geometric measurements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lagüela, S.; González-Jorge, H.; Armesto, J.; Arias, P.

    2011-03-01

    Infrared thermography is a technique with an increasing degree of development and applications. Quality assessment in the measurements performed with the thermal cameras should be achieved through metrology calibration and verification. Infrared cameras acquire temperature and geometric information, although calibration and verification procedures are only usual for thermal data. Black bodies are used for these purposes. Moreover, the geometric information is important for many fields as architecture, civil engineering and industry. This work presents a calibration procedure that allows the photogrammetric restitution and a portable artefact to verify the geometric accuracy, repeatability and drift of thermographic cameras. These results allow the incorporation of this information into the quality control processes of the companies. A grid based on burning lamps is used for the geometric calibration of thermographic cameras. The artefact designed for the geometric verification consists of five delrin spheres and seven cubes of different sizes. Metrology traceability for the artefact is obtained from a coordinate measuring machine. Two sets of targets with different reflectivity are fixed to the spheres and cubes to make data processing and photogrammetric restitution possible. Reflectivity was the chosen material propriety due to the thermographic and visual cameras ability to detect it. Two thermographic cameras from Flir and Nec manufacturers, and one visible camera from Jai are calibrated, verified and compared using calibration grids and the standard artefact. The calibration system based on burning lamps shows its capability to perform the internal orientation of the thermal cameras. Verification results show repeatability better than 1 mm for all cases, being better than 0.5 mm for the visible one. As it must be expected, also accuracy appears higher in the visible camera, and the geometric comparison between thermographic cameras shows slightly better

  1. X-ray image converters utilizing rare earth phosphor mixtures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabatin, J.G.

    1982-01-01

    In an X-ray screen comprising a transparent support with a photographic film on each side, each film has a coating of a phosphor mixture comprising polyhedral Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb of average size 6 to 20 μ and plate-like LnOX:Tm of average size 2 to 12 μ wherein Ln=La or Gd, X=Cl or Br and Tm is present from 0.05 to 1 mole %. The mixture gives improved resolution and reduces the problem of light crossing over the transparent support. According to whether blue sensitive or green sensitive film is used, the ratio of phosphors is varied. U.V. absorbing and light reflecting layers may be incorporated in the structure. (author)

  2. Determination of Flaw Size from Thermographic Data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winfree, William P.; Howell, Patricia A.; Zalameda, Joseph N.

    2014-01-01

    Conventional methods for reducing the pulsed thermographic responses of delaminations tend to overestimate the size of the flaw. Since the heat diffuses in the plane parallel to the surface, the resulting temperature profile over the flaw is larger than the flaw. A variational method is presented for reducing the thermographic data to produce an estimated size for the flaw that is much closer to the true size of the flaw. The size is determined from the spatial thermal response of the exterior surface above the flaw and a constraint on the length of the contour surrounding the flaw. The technique is applied to experimental data acquired on a flat bottom hole composite specimen.

  3. Advances in thermographic signal reconstruction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shepard, Steven M.; Frendberg Beemer, Maria

    2015-05-01

    Since its introduction in 2001, the Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) method has emerged as one of the most widely used methods for enhancement and analysis of thermographic sequences, with applications extending beyond industrial NDT into biomedical research, art restoration and botany. The basic TSR process, in which a noise reduced replica of each pixel time history is created, yields improvement over unprocessed image data that is sufficient for many applications. However, examination of the resulting logarithmic time derivatives of each TSR pixel replica provides significant insight into the physical mechanisms underlying the active thermography process. The deterministic and invariant properties of the derivatives have enabled the successful implementation of automated defect recognition and measurement systems. Unlike most approaches to analysis of thermography data, TSR does not depend on flawbackground contrast, so that it can also be applied to characterization and measurement of thermal properties of flaw-free samples. We present a summary of recent advances in TSR, a review of the underlying theory and examples of its implementation.

  4. Noncontact thermometry via laser pumped, thermographic phosphors: Characterization of systematic errors and industrial applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gillies, G.T.; Dowell, L.J.; Lutz, W.N.; Allison, S.W.; Cates, M.R.; Noel, B.W.; Franks, L.A.; Borella, H.M.

    1987-10-01

    There are a growing number of industrial measurement situations that call for a high precision, noncontact method of thermometry. Our collaboration has been successful in developing one such method based on the laser-induced fluorescence of rare-earth-doped ceramic phosphors like Y 2 O 3 :Eu. In this paper, we summarize the results of characterization studies aimed at identifying the sources of systematic error in a laboratory-grade version of the method. We then go on to present data from measurements made in the afterburner plume of a jet turbine and inside an operating permanent magnet motor. 12 refs., 6 figs

  5. Infrared-thermographic screening of the activity and enantioselectivity of enzymes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reetz, M T; Hermes, M; Becker, M H

    2001-05-01

    The infrared radiation caused by the heat of reaction of an enantioselective enzyme-catalyzed transformation can be detected by modern photovoltaic infrared (IR)-thermographic cameras equipped with focal-plane array detectors. Specifically, in the lipase-catalyzed enantioselective acylation of racemic 1-phenylethanol, the (R)- and (S)-substrates are allowed to react separately in the wells of microtiter plates, the (R)-alcohol showing hot spots in the IR-thermographic images. Thus, highly enantioselective enzymes can be identified at kinetic resolution.

  6. Comparison of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor thin films fabricated by the spin coating and radio frequency magnetron techniques

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jafer, R.M.; Yousif, A. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA 9300 (South Africa); Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Postal Code 11115 Omdurman (Sudan); Kumar, Vinod [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA 9300 (South Africa); Photovoltaic Laboratory, Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016 (India); Pathak, Trilok Kumar [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA 9300 (South Africa); Semiconductor Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (India); Purohit, L.P. [Semiconductor Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar (India); Swart, H.C., E-mail: swarthc@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA 9300 (South Africa); Coetsee, E., E-mail: CoetseeE@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA 9300 (South Africa)

    2016-09-15

    The reactive radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering and spin coating fabrication techniques were used to fabricate Y{sub 2−x}O{sub 3}:Bi{sub x=0.5%} phosphor thin films. The two techniques were analysed and compared as part of investigations being done on the application of down-conversion materials for a Si solar cell. The morphology, structural and optical properties of these thin films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction results of the thin films fabricated by both techniques showed cubic structures with different space groups. The optical properties showed different results because the Bi{sup 3+} ion is very sensitive towards its environment. The luminescence results for the thin film fabricated by the spin coating technique is very similar to the luminescence observed in the powder form. It showed three obvious emission bands in the blue and green regions centered at about 360, 410 and 495 nm. These emissions were related to the {sup 3}P{sub 1}–{sup 1}S{sub 0} transition of the Bi{sup 3+} ion situated in the two different sites of the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} matrix with I a-3(206) space group. Whereas the thin film fabricated by the radio frequency magnetron technique showed a broad single emission band in the blue region centered at about 416 nm. This was assigned to the {sup 3}P{sub 1}–{sup 1}S{sub 0} transition of the Bi{sup 3+} ion situated in one of the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} matrix's sites with a Fm-3 (225) space group. The spin coating fabrication technique is suggested to be the best technique to fabricate the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Bi{sup 3+} phosphor thin films. - Highlights: • RF sputtering and spin coating were used to fabricate Y{sub 2−x}O{sub 3}:Bi{sub x=0.5%} phosphor thin films. • XRD results of the two films showed cubic structures with different space groups. • PL showed different emission for the Bi{sup 3+} ions in the two films. • Three emission bands in the blue and green regions centered at about 360, 410 and 495 nm. • RF

  7. Thermographic analysis of waveguide-irradiated insect pupae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Olsen, Richard G.; Hammer, Wayne C.

    1982-01-01

    Pupae of the insect Tenebrio molitor L. were thermographically imaged during waveguide irradiation through longitudinal slots. T. molitor pupae have been subjects of microwave-induced teratology for a number of years, but until now the smallness of the insect has prevented detailed dosimetry. High-resolution thermographic imaging equipment was used to obtain the magnitude and spatial distribution of absorbed microwave energy at three frequencies, 1.3, 5.95, and 10 GHz. The detail of the thermal images obtained is sufficient to show the differential heating of structures as small as a single insect leg. Results show that the electrical properties of the head, thorax, and abdomen are sufficiently different to seriously impair the usefulness of any theoretical dosimetric model of homogeneous composition. Some general features of correlation with a slab model in waveguide are given.

  8. Aerial thermography from low-cost UAV for the generation of thermographic digital terrain models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lagüela, S.; Díaz-Vilariño, L.; Roca, D.; Lorenzo, H.

    2015-03-01

    Aerial thermography is performed from a low-cost aerial vehicle, copter type, for the acquisition of data of medium-size areas, such as neighbourhoods, districts or small villages. Thermographic images are registered in a mosaic subsequently used for the generation of a thermographic digital terrain model (DTM). The thermographic DTM can be used with several purposes, from classification of land uses according to their thermal response to the evaluation of the building prints as a function of their energy performance, land and water management. In the particular case of buildings, apart from their individual evaluation and roof inspection, the availability of thermographic information on a DTM allows for the spatial contextualization of the buildings themselves and the general study of the surrounding area for the detection of global effects such as heat islands.

  9. Anodic luminescence, structural, photoluminescent, and photocatalytic properties of anodic oxide films grown on niobium in phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stojadinović, Stevan, E-mail: sstevan@ff.bg.ac.rs [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Tadić, Nenad [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Radić, Nenad [University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Stefanov, Plamen [Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 11, 1113 Sofia (Bulgaria); Grbić, Boško [University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia); Vasilić, Rastko [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade (Serbia)

    2015-11-15

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Anodic luminescence is correlated to the existence of morphological defects in the oxide. • Spectrum under spark discharging reveals only oxygen and hydrogen lines. • Oxide films formed under spark discharging are crystallized and composed of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. • Photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} films increase with time. - Abstract: This article reports on properties of oxide films obtained by anodization of niobium in phosphoric acid before and after the dielectric breakdown. Weak anodic luminescence of barrier oxide films formed during the anodization of niobium is correlated to the existence of morphological defects in the oxide layer. Small sized sparks generated by dielectric breakdown of formed oxide film cause rapid increase of luminescence intensity. The luminescence spectrum of obtained films on niobium under spark discharging is composed of continuum radiation and spectral lines caused by electronic spark discharging transitions in oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Oxide films formed before the breakdown are amorphous, while after the breakdown oxide films are partly crystalline and mainly composed of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} hexagonal phase. The photocatalytic activity of obtained oxide films after the breakdown was investigated by monitoring the degradation of methyl orange. Increase of the photocatalytic activity with time is related to an increase of oxygen vacancy defects in oxide films formed during the process. Also, higher concentration of oxygen vacancy defects in oxide films results in higher photoluminescence intensity.

  10. Infrared Thermographic Diagnosis Mechanism for Fault Detection of Ball Bearing under Dynamic Loading Conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Seo, Jin Ju; Yoon, Hanvit; Kim, Dong Yeon; Hong, Dong Pyo; Kim, Won Tae

    2011-01-01

    Fault detection for dynamic loading conditions of rotational machineries was considered from the contactless, non-destructive infrared thermographic method, rather than the traditional diagnosis method. In this paper, by applying a rotating deep-grooved ball bearing, passive thermographic experiment was performed as an alternative way proceeding the traditional fault monitoring. In addition, the thermographic experiments were compared with the vibration spectrum analysis to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Based on the results, it was concluded the temperature characteristics of the ball bearing under dynamic loading conditions were analyzed thoroughly

  11. New optical method for heat flux measurements in stagnation point laminar methane/air flames and hydrogen/methane/air flames using thermographic phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Elmnefi, Mohamed Salem

    2010-11-24

    In the present study, a new optical method was implemented to study the heat transfer from flat stagnation point flames which can be regarded as one-dimensional in the central part. Premixed methane-air flames and hydrogen-methane-air flames were investigated. The effects of burner-to-plate distance and the fresh gas mixture velocity on heat transfer were examined. Experiments were performed using light induced phosphorescence from thermographic phosphors to study the wall temperatures and heat fluxes of nearly one-dimensional flat premixed flames impinging upward normally on a horizontal water cooled circular flat plate. The investigated flames were stoichiometric, lean and rich laminar methane/air flames with different equivalence ratios of {phi} =1, {phi} = 0.75 and {phi} = 1.25 and stoichiometric laminar hydrogen/methane/air flames. Mixtures of air with 10, 25, 50 and 75 % hydrogen in methane (CH{sub 4}) as well as a pure hydrogen flames at ambient pressure were investigated. The central part of this plate was an alumina ceramic plate coated from both sides with chromium doped alumina (ruby) and excited with a Nd:YAG laser or a green light emitting diode (LED) array to measure the wall temperature from both sides and thus the heat flux rate from the flame. The outlet velocity of the gases was varied from 0.1 m/s to 1.2 m/s. The burner to plate distance ranged from 0.5 to 2 times the burner exit diameter (d = 30 mm).The accuracy of the method was evaluated. The measured heat flux indicate the change of the flame stabilization mechanism from a burner stabilized to a stagnation plate stabilized flame. The results were compared to modeling results of a one dimensional stagnation point flow, with a detailed reaction mechanism. In order to prove the model, also measured gas phase temperatures by OH LIF for a stoichiometric stagnation point flame were discussed. It turns out that the flame stabilization mechanism and with it the heat fluxes change from low to high

  12. Thin-Film Photoluminescent Properties and the Atomistic Model of Mg2TiO4 as a Non-rare Earth Matrix Material for Red-Emitting Phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Chieh-Szu; Chang, Ming-Chuan; Huang, Cheng-Liang; Lin, Shih-kang

    2016-12-01

    Thin-film electroluminescent devices are promising solid-state lighting devices. Red light-emitting phosphor is the key component to be integrated with the well-established blue light-emitting diode chips for stimulating natural sunlight. However, environmentally hazardous rare-earth (RE) dopants, e.g. Eu2+ and Ce2+, are commonly used for red-emitting phosphors. Mg2TiO4 inverse spinel has been reported as a promising matrix material for "RE-free" red light luminescent material. In this paper, Mg2TiO4 inverse spinel is investigated using both experimental and theoretical approaches. The Mg2TiO4 thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using either spin-coating with the sol-gel process, or radio frequency sputtering, and annealed at various temperatures ranging from 600°C to 900°C. The crystallinity, microstructures, and photoluminescent properties of the Mg2TiO4 thin films were characterized. In addition, the atomistic model of the Mg2TiO4 inverse spinel was constructed, and the electronic band structure of Mg2TiO4 was calculated based on density functional theory. Essential physical and optoelectronic properties of the Mg2TiO4 luminance material as well as its optimal thin-film processing conditions were comprehensively reported.

  13. Structural and luminescence properties of SrAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Dy{sup 3+},Nd{sup 3+} phosphor thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wako, A.H., E-mail: wakoah@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Dejene, F.B. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Swart, H.C. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA-9300 (South Africa)

    2016-01-01

    Thin films of Eu{sup 2+} doped and Dy{sup 3+},Nd{sup 3+} co-doped Strontium Aluminate (SrAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Dy{sup 3+},Nd{sup 3+}) phosphors were grown on Si(100) substrates by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique using a 266 nm Nd:YAG pulsed laser under varying substrate temperature and the working atmosphere during the film deposition process. The effect of substrate temperatures and argon partial pressure on the structure and luminescence properties of the as-deposited SrAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Eu{sup 2+},Dy{sup 3+},Nd{sup 3+} phosphor thin films were analysed. XRD patterns showed that with increasing substrate temperature and argon partial pressure the peaks in the direction (220) shifted to the lower 2-theta angles. Photoluminescence (PL) data collected in air at room temperature revealed a slight shift in the peak wavelength of the PL spectra observed from the thin films when compared to the PL spectra of the phosphor in powder form, which is probably due to a change in the crystal field. The PL intensity of the samples was highest for 100 °C substrate temperature and 20 mTorr argon partial pressure. Due to this, the effect of argon partial pressure was studied at a constant substrate temperature of 100 °C while the effect of Substrate temperatures recorded at 20 mTorr argon pressure respectively.

  14. Compatibility of automatic exposure control with new screen phosphors in diagnostic roentgenography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mulvaney, J.A.

    1982-01-01

    Automatic exposure control systems are used in diagnostic roentgenography to obtain proper film density for a variety of patient examinations and roentgenographic techniques. Most automatic exposure control systems have been designed for use with par speed, calcium tungstate intensifying screens. The use of screens with faster speeds and new phosphor materials has put extreme demands on present systems. The performance of a representative automatic exposure control system is investigated to determine its ability to maintain constant film density over a wide range of x-ray tube voltages and acrylic phantom thicknesses with four different intensifying screen phosphors. The effects of x-ray energy dependence, generator switching time and stored change are investigated. The system is able to maintain film density to within plus or minus 0.2 optical density units for techniques representing adult patients. A single nonadjustable tube voltage compensation circuit is adequate for the four different screen phosphors for x-ray tube voltages above sixty peak kilovolts. For techniques representing pediatric patients at high x-ray tube voltages, excess film density occurs due to stored charge in the transformer and high-voltage cables. An anticipation circuit in the automatic exposure control circuit can be modified to correct for stored charge effects. In a seperate experiment the energy dependence of three different ionization chamber detectors used in automatic exposure control systems is compared directly with the energy dependence of three different screen phosphors. The data on detector sensitivity and screen speed are combined to predict the best tube voltage compensation for each combination of screen and detector

  15. The consistency of thermographic findings in breast screening

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pflanzer, K.; Kleedorfer, D.; Pflanzer, D.; Fochem, K.

    1983-01-01

    Thermography is a valuable complementary method in breast examination, but is not a suitable screening method. However, the results of control investigations in 200 females who were reexamined after at least two years, showed no change in the thermographic pattern in 87.5% of the women. In 10.5% the change in thermogram was due to pathological changes, whilst no explanation could be found in only 2% of cases. This high stability rate of the thermograms permits an alternative procedure: If, one year after a basic examination which includes clinical investigation, mammography and thermography, the thermographic pattern is identical with the first, no mammography is necessary. On the occasion of the next control, mammography should be carried out again at the time of the subsequent control examination. This schedule permits a reduction in irradiation without reducing the security of diagnosis. (Author)

  16. Effect of grinding on photostimuable phosphors for x-ray screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rao, R.B.

    1988-01-01

    Luminescence efficiency of a phosphor can be improved by minimizing the energy losses during excitation. The loss of excitation energy in the case of powdered samples is mainly due to scattering of incident radiation by the particles of phosphor. Thus, while considering the industrial applications of polycrystalline phosphors in lamps, screens, paints, etc., the effect of particle size on the light output has to be specially studied. It is very well established that the radiographic imaging with photostimuable (PS) phosphors has many advantages over conventional photographic film screens. In the new type of computer radiography, PS phosphors are to be used as memory materials for temporary storage of the x-ray image. Eu(2+) doped barium fluorohalide phosphors are most suitable for this purpose. The spatial resolution from the image plate can be improved to a certain extent with phosphors comprising fine particles. The fineness of the particles can be achieved by various means such as grinding, fast cooling after firing or incorporation of some flux materials during the firing processes. But the efficiency of the phosphor deteriorates with grinding. Fast cooling is a complicated process in the case of Eu(2+) doped phosphors. Incorporation of flux materials may change the characteristics of phosphor materials. In the present investigation, effect of grinding (ball milling) on particle size distribution, shape of the particles and luminescent properties of BaFCl phosphors have been studied

  17. Wet chemical preparation of YVO{sub 4}:Eu thin films as red-emitting phosphor layers for fully transparent flat dielectric discharge lamp

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Klausch, A. [Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany); Althues, H. [Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology Winterbergstr. 28, 01309 Dresden (Germany); Freudenberg, T. [Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden (Germany); Kaskel, S., E-mail: Stefan.Kaskel@chemie.tu-dresden.de [Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstr. 6, 01069 Dresden (Germany)

    2012-04-30

    Highly transparent YVO{sub 4}:Eu thin films were deposited via dip coating of liquid nanoparticle dispersions on glass substrates. Annealing of the nanoparticle layers resulted in restructuring of the material into oriented crystalline films. The crystallinity was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction. Film thickness was adjusted to 467 nm by multiple deposition. The resulting coatings show > 99% absorbance for wavelength below 300 nm and > 90% transmission in the visible spectral range. Under UV-light excitation a bright red photoluminescence with a quantum efficiency of 20% is observed. A planar, transparent dielectric barrier discharge lamp was constructed using YVO{sub 4}:Eu coated glasses and transparent electrodes made from antimony-doped tin dioxide thin films. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Preparation of highly transparent Eu{sup 3+} doped YVO{sub 4} phosphor thin films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Improved crystallinity and optical properties through heat treatment. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Red emitting films on glass substrates were combined with antimony tin oxide thin films. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fully transparent, planar gas discharge lamp as prototype for a light emitting window.

  18. Efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography in diagnosis of breast cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kitahama, Hiroyuki

    1991-01-01

    The aim of this study is to present efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography (CR-mammography) in diagnosis of breast cancer. Ninety-seven cases with breast cancer including 44 cases less than 2 cm in macroscopic size (t1 cases) were evaluated using storage phosphor-based digital mammography (2000 x 2510 pixels by 10 bits). Abnormal findings on CR-mammography were detected in 86 cases (88.7%) of 97 women with breast cancer. Sensitivity of CR-mammography was 88.7%. It was superior to that of film-screen mammography. On t1 breast cancer cases, sensitivity on CR-mammography was 88.6%. False negative rate in t1 breast cancer cases was reduced by image processing using CR-mammography. To evaluate microcalcifications, CR-mammograms and film-screen mammograms were investigated in 22 cases of breast cancer proven pathologically the existence of microcalcifications and 11 paraffin tissue blocks of breast cancer. CR-mammography was superior to film-screen mammography in recognizing of microcalcifications. As regards the detectability for the number and the shape of microcalcifications, CR-mammography was equivalent to film-screen mammography. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by eight observers was performed for CR-mammography and film-screen mammography with 54 breast cancer patients and 54 normal cases. The detectability of abnormal findings of breast cancer on CR-mammography (ROC area=0.91) was better than that on film-screen mammography (ROC area=0.88) (p<0.05). Efficacy of storage phosphor-based digital mammography in diagnosis of breast cancer was discussed and demonstrated in this study. (author)

  19. Mechanical measurements on lithium phosphorous oxynitride coated silicon thin film electrodes for lithium-ion batteries during lithiation and delithiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Al-Obeidi, Ahmed, E-mail: alobeidi@mit.edu; Thompson, Carl V., E-mail: reiner.moenig@kit.edu, E-mail: cthomp@mit.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Kramer, Dominik, E-mail: dominik.kramer@kit.edu; Mönig, Reiner, E-mail: reiner.moenig@kit.edu, E-mail: cthomp@mit.edu [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm (Germany); Boles, Steven T., E-mail: steven.t.boles@polyu.edu.hk [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom (Hong Kong)

    2016-08-15

    The development of large stresses during lithiation and delithiation drives mechanical and chemical degradation processes (cracking and electrolyte decomposition) in thin film silicon anodes that complicate the study of normal electrochemical and mechanical processes. To reduce these effects, lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON) coatings were applied to silicon thin film electrodes. Applying a LiPON coating has two purposes. First, the coating acts as a stable artificial solid electrolyte interphase. Second, it limits mechanical degradation by retaining the electrode's planar morphology during cycling. The development of stress in LiPON-coated electrodes was monitored using substrate curvature measurements. LiPON-coated electrodes displayed highly reproducible cycle-to-cycle behavior, unlike uncoated electrodes which had poorer coulombic efficiency and exhibited a continual loss in stress magnitude with continued cycling due to film fracture. The improved mechanical stability of the coated silicon electrodes allowed for a better investigation of rate effects and variations of mechanical properties during electrochemical cycling.

  20. Zero- and two-dimensional hybrid carbon phosphors for high colorimetric purity white light-emission.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Yamei; Chang, Qing; Xiu, Fei; Chen, Yingying; Liu, Zhengdong; Ban, Chaoyi; Cheng, Shuai; Liu, Juqing; Huang, Wei

    2018-03-01

    Carbon nanomaterials are promising phosphors for white light emission. A facile single-step synthesis method has been developed to prepare zero- and two-dimensional hybrid carbon phosphors for the first time. Zero-dimensional carbon dots (C-dots) emit bright blue luminescence under 365 nm UV light and two-dimensional nanoplates improve the dispersity and film forming ability of C-dots. As a proof-of-concept application, the as-prepared hybrid carbon phosphors emit bright white luminescence in the solid state, and the phosphor-coated blue LEDs exhibit high colorimetric purity white light-emission with a color coordinate of (0.3308, 0.3312), potentially enabling the successful application of white emitting phosphors in the LED field.

  1. BaFCl:Eu2+, a new phosphor for X-ray-intensifying screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stevels, A.L.N.; Pingault, F.

    1975-01-01

    A number of phosphors for X-ray-intensifying screens have been evaluated by calculating figures of merit. On use in combination with standard (''blue''-sensitive) X-ray film, BaFCl:Eu 2+ and BaFBr:Eu 2+ give better performance than the traditional CaWO 4 and more recently developed UV or blue-emitting materials (e.g., sulphates and y-oxysulphides). The calculated figures of merit of BaFCl:Eu 2+ or BaFBr:Eu 2+ /standard-film combinations are comparable to those of Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb/green-sensitive X-ray film systems. The preparation of optimal fluorohalide:Eu 2+ phosphors involves proper formation of the host lattice, complete reduction of Eu 3+ ions as well as elimination of afterglow. Measurements on powders and experimental screens indicate that by using BaFCl:Eu 2+ screens in radiography, important dose reductions can be achieved without the necessity of using other than standard (''blue''-sensitive) X-ray films

  2. Phosphor plate mammography: contrast studies and clinical experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang, C.H.J.; Martin, N.L.; Templeton, A.W.; Cook, L.T.; Harrison, L.A.; McFadden, M.A.; Dwyer, S.J. III; Spicer, J.; Crystal, J.M.

    1992-01-01

    Mammography and accurate microcalcification detection require very good spatial resolution. We have compared the diagnostic capabilities of reduced-exposure, third-generation, 5 cycles/mm computed radiography (CR) phosphor plates with conventional screen-film in 67 patients. No difference in diagnostic accuracy was detected. The digital characteristics of storage phosphor plates erabled us to study the relationship between contrast and spatial resolution. We developed a computer program to identify a single 100 μm pixel in a digital image and assign various gray levels to that pixel. Using this model, we determined that, for our 5 cycles/mm CR system, the imaged contrast of a 100 μm object was 62% of the original contrast. Current 5 cycles/mm phosphor plate systems cannot adequately detect microcalcifications that approximate 100 μm or smaller unless a magnification technique is used. (orig.)

  3. Photocatalytic effects for the TiO2-coated phosphor materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoon, Jin-Ho; Jung, Sang-Chul; Kim, Jung-Sik

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → The photocatalytic behavior of the coupling of TiO 2 with phosphorescent materials. → The photobleaching of an MB aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. → The ALD TiO 2 -coated phosphor composite showed much higher photocatalytic reactivity. → The light emitted from the phosphors contributed to the photo-generation. - Abstract: This study investigated the photocatalytic behavior of the coupling of TiO 2 with phosphorescent materials. A TiO 2 thin film was deposited on CaAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Nd 3+ phosphor particles by using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and its photocatalytic reaction was investigated by the photobleaching of an aqueous solution of methylene-blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. To clarify the mechanism of the TiO 2 -phosphorescent materials, two different samples of TiO 2 -coated phosphor and TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -coated phosphor particles were prepared. The photocatalytic mechanisms of the ALD TiO 2 -coated phosphor powders were different from those of the pure TiO 2 and TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -coated phosphor. The absorbance in a solution of the ALD TiO 2 -coated phosphor decreased much faster than that of pure TiO 2 under visible irradiation. In addition, the ALD TiO 2 -coated phosphor showed moderately higher photocatalytic degradation of MB solution than the TiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -coated phosphor did. The TiO 2 -coated phosphorescent materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS).

  4. Portal verification using the KODAK ACR 2000 RT storage phosphor plate system and EC films. A semiquantitative comparison.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Geyer, Peter; Blank, Hilbert; Alheit, Horst

    2006-03-01

    The suitability of the storage phosphor plate system ACR 2000 RT (Eastman Kodak Corp., Rochester, MN, USA), that is destined for portal verification as well as for portal simulation imaging in radiotherapy, had to be proven by the comparison with a highly sensitive verification film. The comparison included portal verification images of different regions (head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) irradiated with 6- and 15-MV photons and electrons. Each portal verification image was done at the storage screen and the EC film as well, using the EC-L cassettes (both: Eastman Kodak Corp., Rochester, MN, USA) for both systems. The soft-tissue and bony contrast and the brightness were evaluated and compared in a ranking of the two compared images. Different phantoms were irradiated to investigate the high- and low-contrast resolution. To account for quality assurance application, the short-time exposure of the unpacked and irradiated storage screen by green and red room lasers was also investigated. In general, the quality of the processed ACR images was slightly higher than that of the films, mostly due to cases of an insufficient exposure to the film. The storage screen was able to verify electron portals even for low electron energies with only minor photon contamination. The laser lines were sharply and clearly visible on the ACR images. The ACR system may replace the film without any noticeable decrease in image quality thereby reducing processing time and saving the costs of films and avoiding incorrect exposures.

  5. Thermographic Inspection of Fatigue Crack by Using Contact Thermal Resistance

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Seung Yong; Kim, No Hyu [Korean University of Technology and Education, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

    2013-04-15

    Fatigue crack was detected from a temperature change around surface crack using the thermographic technique. Thermal gradient across the crack decreased very much due to thermal resistance of contact surface in the crack. Heat diffusion flow passing through the discontinuity was visualized in temperature by infrared camera to find and locate the crack. A fatigue crack specimen(SM-45C), which was prepared according to KS specification and notched in its center to initiate fatigue crack from the notch tip, was heated by halogen lamp at the end of one side to generate a heat diffusion flow in lateral direction. A abrupt jump in temperature across the fatigue crack was observed in thermographic image, by which the crack could be located and sized from temperature distribution.

  6. Thermographic Inspection of Fatigue Crack by Using Contact Thermal Resistance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Seung Yong; Kim, No Hyu

    2013-01-01

    Fatigue crack was detected from a temperature change around surface crack using the thermographic technique. Thermal gradient across the crack decreased very much due to thermal resistance of contact surface in the crack. Heat diffusion flow passing through the discontinuity was visualized in temperature by infrared camera to find and locate the crack. A fatigue crack specimen(SM-45C), which was prepared according to KS specification and notched in its center to initiate fatigue crack from the notch tip, was heated by halogen lamp at the end of one side to generate a heat diffusion flow in lateral direction. A abrupt jump in temperature across the fatigue crack was observed in thermographic image, by which the crack could be located and sized from temperature distribution.

  7. Luminescence characteristic of YVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} thin film phosphors by Li doping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Hyun Kyoung; Shim, Kyoo Sung; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic Korea (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Jung Hyun [Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic Korea (Korea, Republic of)], E-mail: jhjeong@pknu.ac.kr; Yi, Soung Soo [Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Silla University, Busan 608-736, Republic Korea (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jung Hwan [Department of Physics, Dong Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic Korea (Korea, Republic of)

    2008-06-30

    YVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} and Li-doped YVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} thin film phosphors have been deposited on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} (0001) substrate using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The Li{sup +} ions concentration was varied from 0 to 3 wt.% and Li{sup +} doping influenced crystallinity and surface morphology of YVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} films.. As Li{sup +} content increases from 0 wt.% to 2 wt.%, not only crystallinity was improved, but also the shape of grains was rounded. However, Li{sup +} content, increases further to 3 wt.% the shape of grains was changed to elliptical. The emitted radiation was dominated by a red emission peak at 619 nm radiated from the {sup 5}D{sub 0}-{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition of Eu{sup 3+} ions. In particular, the incorporation of Li{sup +} ions into YVO{sub 4} lattice could induce an increase of photoluminescence. The enhanced luminescence results not only from the improved crystallinity but also from the enhanced surface roughness. The luminescent intensity and surface roughness exhibited similar behavior as a function of Li{sup +} ions concentration.

  8. On the corrosion behaviour of phosphoric irons in simulated concrete pore solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sahoo, Gadadhar; Balasubramaniam, R.

    2008-01-01

    The corrosion behaviour of three phosphoric irons P 1 (Fe-0.11P-0.028C), P 2 (Fe-0.32P-0.026C) and P 3 (Fe-0.49P-0.022C) has been studied in simulated concrete pore solution (saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution) containing different chloride concentration. This has been compared with that of two commercial concrete reinforcement steels, a low carbon steel TN (Fe-0.148C-0.542Mn-0.128Si) and a microalloyed corrosion resistant steel CS (Fe-0.151C-0.088P-0.197Si-0.149Cr-0.417Cu). The beneficial aspect of phosphoric irons was revealed from potentiodynamic polarization experiments. The pitting potentials and pitting nucleation resistances for phosphoric irons and CS were higher than that for TN. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies revealed thickening and growth of passive film as a function of time in case of phosphoric irons and CS in saturated Ca(OH) 2 pore solutions without chloride and in the same solution with 0.05% Cl - and 0.1% Cl - . In case of TN, breakdown of passive film resulted in active corrosion in simulated pore solution containing 0.1% Cl - . Linear polarization resistance measurements complemented EIS results. Visual observations indicated that phosphoric iron P 3 was immune to corrosion even after 125 days of immersion in saturated Ca(OH) 2 solution containing 5% NaCl. The good corrosion resistance of phosphoric irons in simulated concrete pore solution containing chloride ions has been related to the formation of phosphate, based on ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis and Pourbaix diagram of phosphorus-water system

  9. Thermoluminescent dosimetry of new phosphors of Zn O exposed to beta radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cruz V, C.; Burruel I, S.E.; Grijalva M, H.; Barboza F, M.; Bernal, R.

    2004-01-01

    In this work, we report the thermoluminescence dosimetry of a new Zn O phosphor obtained by annealing of Zn S powder precipitated when Zn S films were grown by employing a CBD method. The collected Zn S powder was pressed in a die to form pellets which were subjected to different thermal treatments under air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and energy-dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analyses confirmed the transformation of Zn S to Zn O. The phosphors thus obtained were exposed to high doses of beta radiation and their thermoluminescent dosimetry show that these new phosphors are materials suitable to be used in high dose thermoluminescence dosimetry. (Author)

  10. Cooling Effectiveness Measurements for Air Film Cooling of Thermal Barrier Coated Surfaces in a Burner Rig Environment Using Phosphor Thermometry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Shyam, Vikram; Wroblewski, Adam C.; Zhu, Dongming; Cuy, Michael D.; Wolfe, Douglas E.

    2016-01-01

    While the effects of thermal barrier coating (TBC) thermal protection and air film cooling effectiveness are usually studied separately, their contributions to combined cooling effectiveness are interdependent and are not simply additive. Therefore, combined cooling effectiveness must be measured to achieve an optimum balance between TBC thermal protection and air film cooling. In this investigation, surface temperature mapping was performed using recently developed Cr-doped GdAlO3 phosphor thermometry. Measurements were performed in the NASA GRC Mach 0.3 burner rig on a TBC-coated plate using a scaled up cooling hole geometry where both the mainstream hot gas temperature and the blowing ratio were varied. Procedures for surface temperature and cooling effectiveness mapping of the air film-cooled TBC-coated surface are described. Applications are also shown for an engine component in both the burner rig test environment as well as an engine afterburner environment. The effects of thermal background radiation and flame chemiluminescence on the measurements are investigated, and advantages of this method over infrared thermography as well as the limitations of this method for studying air film cooling are discussed.

  11. Light emission efficiency and imaging properties of YAP:Ce granular phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalivas, N.; Valais, I.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Konstantinidis, A.; Cavouras, D.; Kandarakis, I.; Gaitanis, A.; Nomicos, C.D.; Panayiotakis, G.

    2007-01-01

    Phosphor materials are used in medical imaging combined with radiographic film or other photodetectors. Cerium (Ce 3+ ) -doped scintillators are of particular interest for medical imaging, because of their very fast response. YAP:Ce scintillator-based image detectors have already been evaluated in single-crystal form and under conditions of positron emission tomography and synchrotron or γ-ray irradiation. Furthermore, YAP:Ce phosphor has been evaluated in conjunction with radiographic films. The present work reports experimental and theoretical data concerning the light output absolute luminescence efficiency (AE) of the YAP:Ce screens under irradiation conditions employed in medical X-ray projection imaging (i.e., in diagnostic radiology). projection imaging (i.e., in diagnostic radiology). YAP:Ce phosphor screens with surface densities ranging between 53 and 110 mg/cm 2 were prepared by sedimentation on fused silica substrates in our laboratory. The resulted surface density of the screens was determined by dividing the phosphor mass deposited on the screen surface with the area of the surface. Additionally this work addresses the imaging performance of YAP:Ce by estimation of the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), i.e., the square of the signal to noise ratio transfer. Absolute efficiency was found to decrease with X-ray tube voltage for for YAP:Ce phosphor. The highest experimental efficiency was obtained for the 53.7 mg/cm 2 and 88.0 mg/cm 2 YAP:Ce screens. The highest DQE value was found for the 88.0 mg/cm 2 screen irradiated at 60 kVp. (orig.)

  12. Treatment of Reflex sympathetic dystrophy with Bee venom -Using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging-

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Myung-jang Lim

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Objectives : The purpose of this case is to report the patient with Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, who is improved by Bee venom. Method : We treated the patient with Bee venom who was suffering from Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging and Verbal Numerical Rating Scale(VNRS to evaluate the therapeutic effects. We compared the temperature of the patient body before and after treatment. Result and Conclusion : We found that Bee venom had excellent outcome to relieve pain, atrophy and ankle joint ROM, and that Bee venom also had clinical effect on hypothermia on the Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging.

  13. Integrated procedures and monitoring methodologies for thermographic investigations of architectural heritage: two applicative cases in Sicily, Italy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bianco, A.

    2013-01-01

    The paper explains some opportunities and limitations of thermographic investigations in terms of their capability to define the conservative conditions of architectural heritage and in terms of the historical recollection for a technical diagnosis. Different approaches are demonstrated in two case studies: the first integrates thermography with other investigative methods; the second combines thermographic monitoring with hygrothermal monitoring. (author)

  14. An experimental and theoretical study of new phosphors for full color field emission displays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Fu-Li

    An in depth study is reported of the cathodoluminescent (CL) properties of three new highly efficiency blue phosphors for field emission display (FED) applications doped with fast activators. The superior performance of a new Eu-doped green SrGa2S4 will also be reported. This work addresses four main topics: (1) a detailed study of the dependence of the luminescent intensity on activator concentration, as a function of electron beam voltage and current density; (2) the optical properties of thew phosphors and the development of a CL efficiency characterization technique using a critical screen weight method, which can obtain maximum light output and improve measurement accuracy; (3) understanding the low voltage CL mechanism associated with nanocrystal size by developing a thin film and disk model based on transportation theory and experimental results; (4) Development of a comprehensive evaluation method of red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphors for full color displays by calculation of luminance ratios, required luminance, and measurements of spectra, efficiency and saturation behavior. For FEDs which combine the best properties of CRT and flat panel displays, the development of efficient phosphors at low voltages and high current densities is shown to be critical to meet the luminance and power requirement demands for portable displays. Of particular importance is the need for a good blue phosphor, and to understand the dependence of the CL efficiency on nanocrystal size, penetration depth, diffusion length and surface recombination rate. This has been obtained from the thin film and disk models and fits to experiment. Comparisons between full color phosphor sets show that the performance of a display can vary by over a factor of three depending on the choice of the RGB set. Other factors that are important for optimizing the performance of FED phosphors are reviewed.

  15. Thermographic and radionuclide investigation in combined diagnosis of breast cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abushakhmanov, A.Kh.

    1986-01-01

    The results of examination of 157 women with breast diseases are given. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 94 patients, benign diseases in 63. The combined use of the thermographic and radionuclide methods was shown to raise the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis

  16. Portal verification using the KODAK ACR 2000 RT storage phosphor plate system and EC registered films. A semiquantitative comparison

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geyer, P.; Blank, H.; Alheit, H.

    2006-01-01

    Background and Purpose: the suitability of the storage phosphor plate system ACR 2000 RT (Eastman Kodak Corp., Rochester, MN, USA), that is destined for portal verification as well as for portal simulation imaging in radiotherapy, had to be proven by the comparison with a highly sensitive verification film. Material and Methods: the comparison included portal verification images of different regions (head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) irradiated with 6- and 15-MV photons and electrons. Each portal verification image was done at the storage screen and the EC registered film as well, using the EC-L registered cassettes (both: Eastman Kodak Corp., Rochester, MN, USA) for both systems. The soft-tissue and bony contrast and the brightness were evaluated and compared in a ranking of the two compared images. Different phantoms were irradiated to investigate the high- and low-contrast resolution. To account for quality assurance application, the short-time exposure of the unpacked and irradiated storage screen by green and red room lasers was also investigated. Results: in general, the quality of the processed ACR images was slightly higher than that of the films, mostly due to cases of an insufficient exposure to the film. The storage screen was able to verify electron portals even for low electron energies with only minor photon contamination. The laser lines were sharply and clearly visible on the ACR images. Conclusion: the ACR system may replace the film without any noticeable decrease in image quality thereby reducing processing time and saving the costs of films and avoiding incorrect exposures. (orig.)

  17. Investigation of phosphorous in thin films using the {sup 31}P(α,p){sup 34}S nuclear reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pitthan, E., E-mail: eduardo.pitthan@ufrgs.br [PGMICRO, UFRGS, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Gobbi, A.L. [Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, 13083-100 Campinas, SP (Brazil); Stedile, F.C. [PGMICRO, UFRGS, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Instituto de Química, UFRGS, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)

    2016-03-15

    Phosphorus detection and quantification were obtained, using the {sup 31}P(α,p){sup 34}S nuclear reaction and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry, in deposited silicon oxide films containing phosphorus and in carbon substrates implanted with phosphorus. It was possible to determine the total amount of phosphorus using the resonance at 3.640 MeV of the {sup 31}P(α,p){sup 34}S nuclear reaction in samples with phosphorus present in up to 23 nm depth. Phosphorous amounts as low as 4 × 10{sup 14} cm{sup −2} were detected. Results obtained by nuclear reaction were in good agreement with those from RBS measurements. Possible applications of phosphorus deposition routes used in this work are discussed.

  18. Phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1975-01-01

    This invention relates to phosphors that can be used in fluorescent lamps and display devices. The phosphor is comprised of a halophosphate of calcium and/or strontium of apatite crystal structure activated with trivalent cerium and trivalent terbium. The phosphor can further include manganese. Preferably, the phosphor includes up to 10% by weight of one or more of the alkali metals lithium, sodium and potassium in the form of a compound or compounds thereof. The emissions appear as a number of fairly narrow discrete bands. The temperature of preparation is 1000degC (as opposed to the usual 1450degC), therefore reducing costs (less energy is needed, more crucibles are readily obtainable and there is no need for special conditions to enable crucibles to overcome thermal shock)

  19. Studies on effect of europium concentration on the photoemission of laser ablated Y2O3:Eu based nano-phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nissamudeen, K.M.; Krishnan, Renju R.; Rajan, Geo; Gopchandran, K.G.

    2007-01-01

    Full text: Phosphors are essential materials in display applications. Oxide-based phosphors are likely to emerge as the potential choice for the FED red phosphor. Among those oxide-based phosphors, there has been significant research interest in the development of Y 2 O 3 :Eu thin films as one of the most promising oxide based red phosphor systems. Yttrium oxide mixed with europium exhibit strong UV and cathode-ray-excited luminescence that are useful in lamp and display applications. Dielectric Y 2 O 3 film has recently attracted much attention for its potential application as an electric insulation layer in electroluminescent devices and high-density dynamic random access memory gate dielectrics because of its high band gap (5.8 eV) and large dielectric constant (14 to 18). Another important application of Y 2 O 3 has been in luminescent displays as a host material for rare-earth ions, specifically europium, in order to get emission of red light. In the present study thin films were deposited under a vacuum of 10 -6 mbar on fused amorphous quartz substrates using a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser, 532 nm, pulse width 9 n sec, and repetition frequency of 10 Hz, with sintered Y 2 O 3 pellets having different europium concentration as target material. Attempts were made to understand the effect of europium concentration and annealing process on the photoemission properties of the films. A europium concentration of 8 wt% and an annealing temperature of 1173 K were found to be optimum conditions for maximum photoemission. The dependence of structure and morphology of the films on the photoemission intensity are described with XRD patterns and images obtained from AFM and SEM studies

  20. Mass prophylactic screening of the organized female populaton using the Thermograph-Computer System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vepkhvadze, R.Ya.; Khvedelidze, E.Sh.

    1984-01-01

    Organizational aspects of the Thermograph Computer System usage have been analyzed. It has been shown that results of thermodiagnosis completely coincide with clinical conclusion, but roentrenological method permits to reveal a disease only for 19 patients from 36 ones. It is possible to examine 120 women for the aim of early diagnosis of mammary gland diseases during the day operating hours with the use of the Thermograph Computer System. A movable thermodiagnostic room simultaneoUsly served as an inspection room to discover visual forms of tumor diseases including diseases of cervix uteri and may be used for mass preventive examination of the organized female population

  1. Optical properties of flexible fluorescent films prepared by screen printing technology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yan Chen

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available In this work, we prepared a fluorescent film comprised phosphors and silicone on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET substrate using a screen printing technology. The effects of mesh number and weight ratio of phosphors to silicone on the optical properties of the flexible films were investigated. The results indicate that the emission intensity of the film increase as the mesh decreased from 400 to 200, but the film surface gradually becomes uneven. The fluorescent film with high emission intensity and smooth surface can be obtained when the weight ratio of phosphor to gel is 2:1, and mesh number is 300. The luminous efficiency of the fabricated LEDs combined the fluorescent films with 460 nm Ga(InN chip module can reach 75 lm/W. The investigation indicates that the approach can be applied in the remote fluorescent film conversion and decreases the requirements of the particle size and the dispersion state of fluorescent materials.

  2. Optical properties of flexible fluorescent films prepared by screen printing technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yan; Ke, Taiyan; Chen, Shuijin; He, Xin; Zhang, Mei; Li, Dong; Deng, Jinfeng; Zeng, Qingguang

    2018-05-01

    In this work, we prepared a fluorescent film comprised phosphors and silicone on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate using a screen printing technology. The effects of mesh number and weight ratio of phosphors to silicone on the optical properties of the flexible films were investigated. The results indicate that the emission intensity of the film increase as the mesh decreased from 400 to 200, but the film surface gradually becomes uneven. The fluorescent film with high emission intensity and smooth surface can be obtained when the weight ratio of phosphor to gel is 2:1, and mesh number is 300. The luminous efficiency of the fabricated LEDs combined the fluorescent films with 460 nm Ga(In)N chip module can reach 75 lm/W. The investigation indicates that the approach can be applied in the remote fluorescent film conversion and decreases the requirements of the particle size and the dispersion state of fluorescent materials.

  3. Thermographic Mobile Mapping of Urban Environment for Lighting and Energy Studies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Lagüela López

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The generation of 3D models of buildings has been proved as a useful procedure for multiple applications related to energy, from energy rehabilitation management to design of heating systems, analysis of solar contribution to both heating and lighting of buildings. In a greater scale, 3D models of buildings can be used for the evaluation of heat islands, and the global thermal inertia of neighborhoods, which are essential knowledge for urban planning. This paper presents a complete methodology for the generation of 3D models of buildings at big-scale: neighborhoods, villages; including thermographic information as provider of information of the thermal behavior of the building elements and ensemble. The methodology involves sensor integration in a mobile unit for data acquisition, and data processing for the generation of the final thermographic 3D models of urban environment.

  4. Application of SVM classifier in thermographic image classification for early detection of breast cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oleszkiewicz, Witold; Cichosz, Paweł; Jagodziński, Dariusz; Matysiewicz, Mateusz; Neumann, Łukasz; Nowak, Robert M.; Okuniewski, Rafał

    2016-09-01

    This article presents the application of machine learning algorithms for early detection of breast cancer on the basis of thermographic images. Supervised learning model: Support vector machine (SVM) and Sequential Minimal Optimization algorithm (SMO) for the training of SVM classifier were implemented. The SVM classifier was included in a client-server application which enables to create a training set of examinations and to apply classifiers (including SVM) for the diagnosis and early detection of the breast cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of SVM classifier were calculated based on the thermographic images from studies. Furthermore, the heuristic method for SVM's parameters tuning was proposed.

  5. Fundamentals of phosphors

    CERN Document Server

    Yen, William M; Yamamoto, Hajime

    2006-01-01

    Drawing from the second edition of the best-selling Handbook of Phosphors, Fundamentals of Phosphors covers the principles and mechanisms of luminescence in detail and surveys the primary phosphor materials as well as their optical properties. The book addresses cutting-edge developments in phosphor science and technology including oxynitride phosphors and the impact of lanthanide level location on phosphor performance.Beginning with an explanation of the physics underlying luminescence mechanisms in solids, the book goes on to interpret various luminescence phenomena in inorganic and organic materials. This includes the interpretation of the luminescence of recently developed low-dimensional systems, such as quantum wells and dots. The book also discusses the excitation mechanisms by cathode-ray and ionizing radiation and by electric fields to produce electroluminescence. The book classifies phosphor materials according to the type of luminescence centers employed or the class of host materials used and inte...

  6. Thermographic inspection of pipes, tanks, and containment liners

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Renshaw, Jeremy B., E-mail: jrenshaw@epri.com; Muthu, Nathan [Electric Power Research Institute, 1300 West WT Harris Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28262 (United States); Lhota, James R.; Shepard, Steven M., E-mail: sshepard@thermalwave.com [Thermal Wave Imaging, 845 Livernois St., Ferndale, MI 48220 (United States)

    2015-03-31

    Nuclear power plants are required to operate at a high level of safety. Recent industry and license renewal commitments aim to further increase safety by requiring the inspection of components that have not traditionally undergone detailed inspected in the past, such as tanks and liners. NEI 09-14 requires the inspection of buried pipes and tanks while containment liner inspections are required as a part of license renewal commitments. Containment liner inspections must inspect the carbon steel liner for defects - such as corrosion - that could threaten the pressure boundary and ideally, should be able to inspect the surrounding concrete for foreign material that could be in contact with the steel liner and potentially initiate corrosion. Such an inspection requires a simultaneous evaluation of two materials with very different material properties. Rapid, yet detailed, inspection results are required due to the massive size of the tanks and containment liners to be inspected. For this reason, thermal NDE methods were evaluated to inspect tank and containment liner mockups with simulated defects. Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) was utilized to enhance the images and provide detailed information on the sizes and shapes of the observed defects. The results show that thermographic inspection is highly sensitive to the defects of interest and is capable of rapidly inspecting large areas.

  7. Practical applications of phosphors

    CERN Document Server

    Yen, William M; Yamamoto, Hajime

    2006-01-01

    Drawn from the second edition of the best-selling Phosphor Handbook, Practical Applications of Phosphors outlines methods for the production of various phosphors and discusses a broad spectrum of applications. Beginning with methods for synthesis and related technologies, the book sets the stage by classifying and then explaining practical phosphors according to usage. It describes the operating principle and structure of phosphor devices and the phosphor characteristics required for a given device, then covers the manufacturing processes and characteristics of phosphors. The book discusses research and development currently under way on phosphors with potential for practical usage and touches briefly on phosphors that have played a historical role, but are no longer of practical use. It provides a comprehensive treatment of applications including lamps and cathode-ray tubes, x-ray and ionizing radiation, and for vacuum fluorescent and field emission displays and covers inorganic and organic electroluminescen...

  8. Thermoluminescent phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lasky, Jerome B.; Moran, Paul R.

    1978-01-01

    A thermoluminescent phosphor comprising LiF doped with boron and magnesium is produced by diffusion of boron into a conventional LiF phosphor doped with magnesium. Where the boron dopant is made to penetrate only the outer layer of the phosphor, it can be used to detect shallowly penetrating radiation such as tritium beta rays in the presence of a background of more penetrating radiation.

  9. Thermographic Inspections And The Residential Conservation Service Program (RCS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ward, Ronald J.

    1983-03-01

    Rhode Islanders Saving Energy (RISE) is a non-profit corporation founded in 1977 to provide Rhode Island residents with a variety of energy conservation services. Since January of 1981, it has been performing energy audits in compliance with the Department of Energy's (DOE) Residential Conservation Service Program (RCS). One aspect of the RCS program is the performance of inspections on energy conservation activities completed according to RCS installation guidelines. This paper will describe both the use and results of thermographic inspections within the RISE program. The primary objective of these inspections has been to assure the quality of the building envelope after completion of retrofit measures. Thermal anamolies have been detected that vary in size, location and probable cause. Approximately 37% of all jobs performed through RISE in conjunction with the RCS program have required remedial work as a result of problems that were identi-fied during the thermographic inspection. This percentage was much higher when infra-red inspections were conducted on "Non-RCS" retrofits. Statistics will be presented that provide an interesting insight on the quality of retrofit work when performed in associa-tion with a constant inspection process.

  10. Rare earth phosphors and phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buchanan, R.A.; Maple, T.G.; Sklensky, A.F.

    1981-01-01

    Advances in the use of stabilized rare earth phosphors and of conversion screens using these materials are examined. In particular the new phosphors discussed in this invention consist of oxybromides of yttrium, lanthanum and gadolinium with a luminescent activator ion stabilized by an oxychloride or oxyfluoride surface layer and the conversion screens include trivalent cerium as the activator ion. (U.K.)

  11. Passivation behaviour of stainless steel (UNS N-08028) in industrial or simplified phosphoric acid solutions at different temperatures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ben Salah, M.; Sabot, R.; Refait, Ph.; Liascukiene, I.; Méthivier, C.; Landoulsi, J.; Dhouibi, L.

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Industrial phosphoric acid is less aggressive than simulated industrial acid. • Polyphosphate film in Industrial acid is reinforced by calcium and sulfate. • Passive film thickness is obtained by the power law model from EIS measurements. • Passive film of Sanicro28 becomes more resistive towards corrosion with exposure time in industrial acid. • XPS measurements coupled to Raman spectroscopy reveal the corrosion products formed in simulated acid. - Abstract: The corrosion behaviour of Sanicro28, in industrial phosphoric acid and simplified solution of pure H_3PO_4 containing sulphates and chlorides, is investigated during 48 h between 20 and 80 °C. Results show higher corrosion resistance in the industrial medium. Film thickness evaluated by EIS remains constant in industrial acid due to polyphosphate that promotes crystallisation of the Cr_2O_3 inner layer. Conversely, the passive film is partially destroyed at 80 °C in simplified acid. XPS and Raman analysis show that phosphate and molybdenum are both present in the passive film and in corrosion products. The role of Ca present in the industrial acid is discussed.

  12. Quantitative thermographic imagery in the evaluation of antenna heating patterns

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pearce, J.A.; Baughman, R.R.

    1984-01-01

    In quantitative thermographic imaging the temperature distribution of a surface is inferred from measurement of the radiant energy leaving the surface. Digital image processing and calibration methods allow the subtraction of preexisting temperature gradients so that precise heating patterns can be obtained. The primary limitation of quantitative thermography is that noise in the photodetector limits minimum resolvable temperature difference to around 0.5 0 C since frame integration cannot be used on the transient temperature distributions expected. The authors have developed and evaluated nonlinear smoothing operators which reduce the noise variance so that temperature differences of 0.1 0 C can be measured. They have applied digital thermographic imaging in the measurement of heating patterns obtained from two roughly orthogonal microwave antennas: a spiral antenna and a bow-tie antenna. These two antenna types are orthogonal in that the spiral has an H-field essentially normal to the phantom surface and the bow-tie has an E-field essentially normal to the surface. The resulting heating patterns clearly show the effect of non-uniform phantom electrical properties on the heating profiles obtained

  13. Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement of Silicon Solar Cells Based on Combined Ratios of Three Species of Europium-Doped Phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ho, Wen-Jeng; You, Bang-Jin; Liu, Jheng-Jie; Bai, Wen-Bin; Syu, Hong-Jhang; Lin, Ching-Fuh

    2018-05-18

    This paper presents a scheme for the enhancement of silicon solar cells in terms of luminescent emission band and photovoltaic performance. The proposed devices are coated with an luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layer comprising three species of europium (Eu)-doped phosphors mixed within a silicate film (SiO₂) using a spin-on film deposition. The three species of phosphor were mixed at ratios of 0.5:1:1.5, 1:1:1, or 1.5:1:0.5 in weight percentage (wt %). The total quantity of Eu-doped phosphors in the silicate solution was fixed at 3 wt %. The emission wavelengths of the Eu-doped phosphors were as follows: 518 nm (specie-A), 551 nm (specie-B), and 609 nm (specie-C). We examined the extended luminescent emission bands via photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. Closely matching the luminescent emission band to the high responsivity band of the silicon semiconductor resulted in good photovoltaic performance. Impressive improvements in efficiency were observed in all three samples: 0.5:1:1.5 (20.43%), 1:1:1 (19.67%), 1.5:1:0.5 (16.81%), compared to the control with a layer of pure SiO₂ (13.80%).

  14. Interest and limits of microwaves thermographic measurements for the diagnosis and pronostic of local acute exposure in the pig

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daburon, F.; Lefaix, J.L.; Remy, J.; Fayart, G.; Tricaud, Y.

    1985-01-01

    Microwaves thermographic measurements were carried out on 30 pigs following local exposure of the thigh by a collimated source of iridium 192 at doses ranging between 30 and 84 Gy (2 cm depth dose). Measurement and data processing methods were developed both qualitatively (thermographic images vs anatomo-clinical evolution of the lesions) and quantitatively (by means of indexes calculated from the rough thermographic data to evaluate the relations between the intensity of the local thermic reaction and the applied dose or dose rate). Beside the diagnostic value of the method, which accounts for the global radiological injuries better than the physical dose really distributed, its pronostic value -much more reliable- makes it possible to estimate the severity of the injuries and their later evolution very early (between 10 and 15 days) [fr

  15. Calibration of screen-type X-ray films for electron beams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kobayashi, T.; Sato, Y.; Yoshida, K.; Tateyama, N.; Komori, Y.; Nakabayashi, T.; Oyamada, M.; Nishimura, J.

    2002-01-01

    In order to extract the maximum performance of the screen-type X-ray film for the detection of cascade showers in emulsion chambers, we examined the effect of the thickness of the phosphor screen by irradiation with 200 MeV electron beams. The observed data is in agreement with our analytical prediction of the radiative transfer of photons in a phosphor screen. If we use a combination of the specially prepared screen, HR16B, with a phosphor layer of 400 μm and a green-sensitive X-ray film, HA30, the detection threshold energy of cascade showers can be considerably lowered down to 140 GeV. (author)

  16. Calibration of screen-type X-ray films for electron beams

    CERN Document Server

    Kobayashi, T; Yoshida, K; Tateyama, N; Komori, Y; Nakabayashi, T; Oyamada, M; Nishimura, J

    2002-01-01

    In order to extract the maximum performance of the screen-type X-ray film for the detection of cascade showers in emulsion chambers, we examined the effect of the thickness of the phosphor screen by irradiation with 200 MeV electron beams. The observed data is in agreement with our analytical prediction of the radiative transfer of photons in a phosphor screen. If we use a combination of the specially prepared screen, HR16B, with a phosphor layer of 400 mu m and a green-sensitive X-ray film, HA30, the detection threshold energy of cascade showers can be considerably lowered down to 140 GeV. (author)

  17. Preparation, patterning and luminescent properties of oxyapatite La sub 9 sub . sub 3 sub 3 (SiO sub 6) sub 4 O sub 2 :A(A = Eu sup 3 sup + , Tb sup 3 sup + , Ce sup 3 sup +) phosphor films by sol-gel soft lithography

    CERN Document Server

    Han, X M; Xing, R B; Fu, J; Wang, S B; Han, Y C

    2003-01-01

    Silicate oxyapatite La sub 9 sub . sub 3 sub 3 (SiO sub 6) sub 4 O sub 2 :A (A = Eu sup 3 sup + , Tb sup 3 sup + and/or Ce sup 3 sup +) phosphor films and their patterning were fabricated by a sol-gel process combined with soft lithography. X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy and photoluminescence spectra, as well as lifetimes, were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 800 deg. C and the crystallinity increased with the increase in annealing temperatures. Transparent nonpatterned phosphor films were uniform and crack-free, which mainly consisted of rodlike grains with a size between 150 and 210 nm. Patterned thin films with different bandwidths(20, 50 mu m) were obtained by the micromoulding in capillaries technique. The doped rare earth ions(Eu sup 3 sup + , Tb sup 3 sup + and Ce sup 3 sup +) showed their characteristic emission in crystalline La sub 9 sub . sub 3 ...

  18. Oxidizer in phosphoric reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos Benedetto, J. dos

    1985-01-01

    Oxidation during the manufacture of wet-process phosphoric acid affected the distribution of uranium and impurities between phosphoric acid and gypsum, by decreasing the uranium loss to gypsum and the impurities solubilization in phosphoric acid. (Author) [pt

  19. A review of thermographic techniques for damage investigation in composites

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Vergani

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work is a review of scientific results in the literature, related to the application of thermographic techniques to composite materials. Thermography is the analysis of the surface temperature of a body by infrared rays detection via a thermal-camera. The use of this technique is mainly based on the modification of the surface temperature of a material, when it is stimulated by means of a thermal or mechanical external source. The presence of defects, in fact, induces a localized variation in its temperature distribution and, then, the measured values of the surface temperature can be used to localize and evaluate the dimensions and the evolution of defects. In the past, many applications of thermography were proposed on homogeneous materials, but only recently this technique has also been extended to composites. In this work several applications of thermography to fibres reinforced plastics are presented. Thermographic measurements are performed on the surface of the specimens, while undergoing static and dynamic tensile loading. The joint analysis of thermal and mechanical data allows one to assess the damage evolution and to study the damage phenomenon from both mechanical and energetic viewpoints. In particular, one of the main issues is to obtain information about the fatigue behaviour of composite materials, by following an approach successfully applied to homogenous materials. This approach is based on the application of infrared thermography on specimens subjected to static or stepwise dynamic loadings and on the definition of a damage stress, D, that is correlated to the fatigue strength of the material. A wide series of experimental fatigue tests has been carried out to verify if the value of the damage stress, D, is correlated with the fatigue strength of the material. The agreement between the different values is good, showing the reliability of the presented thermographic techniques, to the study of composite

  20. Phosphors for LED lamps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murphy, James Edward; Manepalli, Satya Kishore; Kumar, Prasanth Nammalwar

    2013-08-13

    A phosphor, a phosphor blend including the phosphor, a phosphor prepared by a process, and a lighting apparatus including the phosphor blend are disclosed. The phosphor has the formula (Ca.sub.1-p-qCe.sub.pK.sub.q).sub.xSc.sub.y(Si.sub.1-rGa.sub.r).sub.zO.su- b.12+.delta. or derived from a process followed using disclosed amounts of reactants. In the formula, (0

  1. Photovoltaic Performance Enhancement of Silicon Solar Cells Based on Combined Ratios of Three Species of Europium-Doped Phosphors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wen-Jeng Ho

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a scheme for the enhancement of silicon solar cells in terms of luminescent emission band and photovoltaic performance. The proposed devices are coated with an luminescent down-shifting (LDS layer comprising three species of europium (Eu-doped phosphors mixed within a silicate film (SiO2 using a spin-on film deposition. The three species of phosphor were mixed at ratios of 0.5:1:1.5, 1:1:1, or 1.5:1:0.5 in weight percentage (wt %. The total quantity of Eu-doped phosphors in the silicate solution was fixed at 3 wt %. The emission wavelengths of the Eu-doped phosphors were as follows: 518 nm (specie-A, 551 nm (specie-B, and 609 nm (specie-C. We examined the extended luminescent emission bands via photoluminescence measurements at room temperature. Closely matching the luminescent emission band to the high responsivity band of the silicon semiconductor resulted in good photovoltaic performance. Impressive improvements in efficiency were observed in all three samples: 0.5:1:1.5 (20.43%, 1:1:1 (19.67%, 1.5:1:0.5 (16.81%, compared to the control with a layer of pure SiO2 (13.80%.

  2. Fiber Optic Thermographic Detection of Flaws in Composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Meng-Chou; Winfree, William P.

    2009-01-01

    Optical fibers with multiple Bragg gratings bonded to surfaces of structures were used for thermographic detection of subsurface defects in structures. The investigated structures included a 10-ply composite specimen with subsurface delaminations of various sizes and depths. Both during and following the application of a thermal heat flux to the surface, the individual Bragg grating sensors measured the temporal and spatial temperature variations. The obtained data were analyzed with thermal modeling to reveal particular characteristics of the interested areas. These results were found to be consistent with the simulation results.

  3. Planar measurements of spray-induced wall cooling using phosphor thermometry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dragomirov, Plamen; Mendieta, Aldo; Abram, Christopher; Fond, Benoît; Beyrau, Frank

    2018-03-01

    The wall cooling induced by spray impingement is investigated using phosphor thermometry. Thin coatings of zinc oxide (ZnO) phosphor were applied with a transparent chemical binder onto a steel surface. Instantaneous spatially resolved temperatures were determined using the spectral intensity ratio method directly after the injection of UV-grade hexane onto the surface using a commercial gasoline injector. The investigations showed that 2D temperature measurements with high spatial and shot-to-shot precision of, respectively, 0.5 and 0.6 K can be achieved, allowing the accurate resolution of the cooling induced by the spray. The presence of a liquid film over the phosphor coating during measurements showed no noticeable influence on the measured temperatures. However, in some cases a change in the intensity ratio at the spray impingement area, in the form of a permanent "stain", could be observed after multiple injections. The formation of this stain was less likely with increasing annealing time of the coating as well as lower plate operating temperatures during the injection experiments. Finally, the experimental results indicate a noticeable influence of the thickness of the phosphor coating on the measured spray-induced wall cooling history. Hence, for quantitative analysis, a compromise between coating thickness and measurement accuracy needs to be considered for similar applications where the heat transfer rates are very high.

  4. Phosphor scintillator structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cusano, D.A.; Prener, J.S.

    1980-01-01

    A method of fabricating scintillators is described in which the phosphor is distributed within the structure in such a way as to enhance the escape of the visible wavelength radiation that would otherwise be dissipated within the scintillator body. Two embodiments of the present invention are disclosed: one in which the phosphor is distributed in a layered structure and another in which the phosphor is dispersed throughout a transparent matrix. (U.K.)

  5. Temperature dependence of structural and luminescence properties of Eu{sup 3+}-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} red-emitting phosphor thin films by pulsed laser deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ali, A.G.; Dejene, B.F. [University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Department of Physics, Phuthaditjhaba (South Africa); Swart, H.C. [University of the Free State, Department of Physics, Bloemfontein (South Africa)

    2016-04-15

    Pulse laser deposition was used to obtain nanocrystalline red-emitting Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} thin-film phosphors. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the un-annealed thin film was amorphous, while those annealed were crystalline. At lower annealing temperature of 600-700 C, cubic bixbyite Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} was formed. As the annealing temperatures were increased to 800 C, hexagonal phase emerged. The average crystallite size of the film was 64 nm. Photoluminescence measurement indicates intense red emission around 612 nm due to the {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} transition. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that agglomerates of non-crystalline particles with spherical shapes were present for the un-annealed films. After annealing at high temperature, finer morphology was revealed. Atomic force microscopy further confirmed the formation of new morphology at the higher annealing temperatures. UV-Vis measurement indicated a band gap in the range of 4.6-4.8 eV. It was concluded that the annealing temperature played an important role in the luminescence intensity and crystallinity of these films. (orig.)

  6. Photovoltaic Performance Characterization of Textured Silicon Solar Cells Using Luminescent Down-Shifting Eu-Doped Phosphor Particles of Various Dimensions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ho, Wen-Jeng; Deng, Yu-Jie; Liu, Jheng-Jie; Feng, Sheng-Kai; Lin, Jian-Cheng

    2017-01-01

    This paper reports on efforts to enhance the photovoltaic performance of textured silicon solar cells through the application of a layer of Eu-doped silicate phosphor with particles of various dimensions using the spin-on film technique. We examined the surface profile and dimensions of the Eu-doped phosphors in the silicate layer using optical microscopy with J-image software. Optical reflectance, photoluminescence, and external quantum efficiency were used to characterize the luminescent downshifting (LDS) and light scattering of the Eu-doped silicate phosphor layer. Current density-voltage curves under AM 1.5G simulation were used to confirm the contribution of LDS and light scattering produced by phosphor particles of various dimensions. Experiment results reveal that smaller phosphor particles have a more pronounced effect on LDS and a slight shading of incident light. The application of small Eu-doped phosphor particles increased the conversion efficiency by 9.2% (from 12.56% to 13.86%), far exceeding the 5.6% improvement (from 12.54% to 13.32%) achieved by applying a 250 nm layer of SiO₂ and the 4.5% improvement (from 12.37% to 12.98%) observed in cells with large Eu-doped phosphor particles.

  7. High temperature thermometric phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allison, Stephen W.; Cates, Michael R.; Boatner, Lynn A.; Gillies, George T.

    1999-03-23

    A high temperature phosphor consists essentially of a material having the general formula LuPO.sub.4 :Dy.sub.(x),Eu.sub.y) wherein: 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20 wt % and 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 wt %. The high temperature phosphor is in contact with an article whose temperature is to be determined. The article having the phosphor in contact with it is placed in the environment for which the temperature of the article is to be determined. The phosphor is excited by a laser causing the phosphor to fluoresce. The emission from the phosphor is optically focused into a beam-splitting mirror which separates the emission into two separate emissions, the emission caused by the dysprosium dopant and the emission caused by the europium dopent. The separated emissions are optically filtered and the intensities of the emission are detected and measured. The ratio of the intensity of each emission is determined and the temperature of the article is calculated from the ratio of the intensities of the separate emissions.

  8. Automatic recognition of thermographic examinations for early detection of breast cancer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matysiewicz, Mateusz; Neumann, Łukasz; Nowak, Robert M.; Okuniewski, Rafał; Oleszkiewicz, Witold; Cichosz, Paweł; Jagodziński, Dariusz

    2016-09-01

    This article describes the processing and classification of thermographic examinations taken with device developed by Braster SA. The device records the surface temperature of the breast skin using the liquid crystal matrices. Images are analyzed with the use of machine learning algorithms. The result of classification is available after a few minutes and when it detects suspicious changes patient may be referred for detailed examinations.

  9. Fabrication of Up-Conversion Phosphor Films on Flexible Substrates Using a Nanostructured Organo-Silicon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jeon, Young-Sun; Kim, Tae-Un; Kim, Seon-Hoon; Lee, Young-Hwan; Choi, Pil-Son; Hwang, Kyu-Seog

    2018-03-01

    Up-conversion phosphors have attracted considerable attention because of their applications in solid-state lasers, optical communications, flat-panel displays, photovoltaic cells, and biological labels. Among them, NaYF4 is reported as one of the most efficient hosts for infrared to visible photon up-conversion of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions. However, a low-temperature method is required for industrial scale fabrication of photonic and optoelectronic devices on flexible organic substrates. In this study, hexagonal β-NaYF4: 3 mol% Yb3+, 3 mol% Er3+ up-conversion phosphor using Ca2+ was prepared by chemical solution method. Then, we synthesized a nanostructured organo-silicon compound from methyl tri-methoxysilane and 3-glycidoxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane. The transmittance of the organo-silicon compound was found to be over 90% in the wavelength range of 400~1500 nm. Then we prepared a fluoride-based phosphor paste by mixing the organo-silicon compound with Na(Ca)YF4:Yb3+, Er3+. Subsequently, this paste was coated on polyethylene terephthalate, followed by heat-treatment at 120 °C. The visible emission of the infrared detection card was found to be at 655 nm and 661 nm an excitation wavelength of 980 nm.

  10. Plasmatic and thermographic consequences of local acute irradiation; a qualitative and quantitative analysis in the pig

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lefaix, J.L; Daburon, F.; Crechet, F.; Tricaud, Y.

    1987-04-01

    Acute phase reactant proteins associated with thermographic measurements and enzymatic activity assays in plasma were carried out on 39 pigs, following local exposure of the thigh to a collimated source of iridium 192 at doses ranging between 30 and 84 Gy (2 cm depth dose). The inflammatory response after irradiation, from day 1 to day 30 was accompanied by plasma protein changes associated with an elevation of local and general temperatures in irradiated animals. Degenerative processes in muscle led to an increase of plasmatic creatine kinase and lactate-dehydrogenase. Results were developed qualitatively (distribution pattern of proteins, thermographic measurements, enzymatic activities and clinical evolution of the lesions) and qualitatively (plasma level of creatine kinase versus applied radiation doses and pharmalogical treatments) [fr

  11. Cathodoluminescent characteristics and light technical parameters of thin-film screens based on oxides and oxysulfides of rare-earth elements

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bondar, Vyacheslav D.; Grytsiv, Myroslav; Groodzinsky, Arkady; Vasyliv, Mykhailo

    1995-11-01

    Results on creation of thin-film single-crystal high-resolution screens with energy control of luminescence color are presented. In order to create phosphor films ion-plasma technology for deposition of yttrium and lanthanum oxides and oxysulfides activated by rare earth elements has been developed. The screen consists of phosphor film on phosphor substrate with different colors of luminescence (e.g. Y2O3-Eu film with red color on Y3Al5O12- Tb, Ce substrate with green color of luminescence). Electron irradiation causes luminescence with color that depends on energy of the electron beam. The physical reason for color change is that electron beam energy defines electron penetration depth. If the energy is weak, only the film is excited. More powerful beam penetrates into the substrate and thus changes the color of luminescence.

  12. Methods to attack or defend the professional integrity and competency of infrared thermographers and their work; what every attorney and infrared thermographer needs to know before going into a lawsuit

    Science.gov (United States)

    Colbert, Fred

    2013-05-01

    There has been a significant increase in the number of in-house Infrared Thermographic Predictive Maintenance programs for Electrical/Mechanical inspections as compared to out-sourced programs using hired consultants. In addition, the number of infrared consulting services companies offering out-sourced programs has also has grown exponentially. These market segments include: Building Envelope (commercial and residential), Refractory, Boiler Evaluations, etc... These surges are driven by two main factors: 1. The low cost of investment in the equipment (the cost of cameras and peripherals continues to decline). 2. Novel marketing campaigns by the camera manufacturers who are looking to sell more cameras into an otherwise saturated market. The key characteristics of these campaigns are to over simplify the applications and understate the significances of technical training, specific skills and experience that's needed to obtain the risk-lowering information that a facility manager needs. These camera selling campaigns focuses on the simplicity of taking a thermogram, but ignores the critical factors of what it takes to actually perform and manage a creditable, valid IR program, which in-turn expose everyone to tremendous liability. As the In-house vs. Out-sourced consulting services compete for market share head to head with each other in a constricted market space, the price for out-sourced/consulting services drops to try to compete on price for more market share. The consequences of this approach are, something must be compromised to be able to stay competitive from a price point, and that compromise is the knowledge, technical skills and experience of the thermographer. This also ends up being reflected back into the skill sets of the in-house thermographer as well. This over simplification of the skill and experience is producing the "Perfect Storm" for Infrared Thermography, for both in-house and out-sourced programs.

  13. Television-aided thermographic investigations in nuclear and solid state research

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buettig, H.; Wollschlaeger, K.

    1983-01-01

    After a brief review of the physical and hardware fundamentals of televison-aided thermographic investigations, two practical examples of nuclear and solid state research work are presented. The problems discussed concern studies of the relative density distribution in beams of particles (ions, electrons, neutral atoms) or of visible radiation on the one hand, and the optimization of operating conditions in heavy-current implantations (ion implantation in Si at ion beam currents up to 60 μA) on the other hand

  14. Unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Reddy, V.B.; Cheung, H.K.

    1992-01-01

    This patent describes an unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor having M prime monoclinic structure and containing one or more additives of Rb and Al in an amount of between about 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate to improve brightness under X-radiation. This patent also describes an unactivated yttrium tantalate phosphor having M prime monoclinic structure and containing additives of Sr in an amount of between 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate and one or more of Rb and Al in an amount of between 0.001 to 0.1 moles per mole of yttrium tantalate the phosphor exhibiting a greater brightness under X-radiation than the phosphor absent Rb and Al

  15. The effect of airflow on thermographically determined temperature of the distal forelimb of the horse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Westermann, S; Stanek, C; Schramel, J P; Ion, A; Buchner, H H F

    2013-09-01

    Current literature suggests that thermographic imaging of horses should be performed in a draught-free room. However, studies on the effect of airflow on determined temperature have not been published. To investigate effects of airflow on thermographically determined temperature of horses' forelimbs; to assess the relationship of wind velocity, rectal temperature, ambient temperature and humidity. Thermographic images were obtained for the forelimbs of 6 horses in a draught-free room. Three replicates (R) with defined wind velocities (R1, 0.5-1.0 m/s; R2, 1.3-2.6 m/s; and R3, 3.0-4.0 m/s) were conducted. Each replicate consisted of a baseline image, a 15 min phase with the wind on and a 15 min phase with the wind off. We exposed only the right leg to airflow and determined the temperature by thermography with the wind on and wind off. Temperature differences between baseline and wind on, between wind on and wind off and between different wind velocities were analysed by a general linear model, Student's paired t test and ANOVA. After the onset of wind, the temperature on the right forelimb decreased within 1-3 min (by approximately 0.6°C at R1, 1.5°C at R2 and 2.1°C at R3). With the wind off, the temperature increased within 3 min (by approximately 1.2°C at R1, 1.7°C at R2 and 2.1°C at R3). With increasing wind velocity, the temperature differences between baseline and wind on and between wind on and wind off increased significantly. Barely noticeable wind velocities caused a decrease in thermographically determined temperatures of the forelimbs of the horse. Further research is required to assess the influence of airflow on other parts of the body and at different ambient temperatures, as well as the effect on horses with inflammatory lesions, especially of the distal limbs. It is essential for practitioners to perform thermography on horses in a draught-free environment in order to avoid false-positive or -negative diagnoses. © 2012 EVJ Ltd.

  16. White light quality of phosphor converted light-emitting diodes: A phosphor materials perspective of view

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sommer, Christian; Hartmann, Paul; Pachler, Peter; Hoschopf, Hans; Wenzl, Franz P.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We discuss the impact of the optical properties of a phosphor for colour temperature constancy in solid state lighting. ► Quantitative evaluation of permissible variations of the optical properties for batch-to-batch reproducibility. ► Quantitative evaluation of permissible variations of the optical properties upon temperature increase. ► Quantitative evaluation of permissible variations of the optical properties upon materials degradation. - Abstract: For a systematic approach to improve the white light quality of phosphor converted LEDs and to fulfil the demands for colour temperature reproducibility and constancy, it is imperative to understand how variations of the extinction coefficient and the quantum efficiency of the phosphor particles as well as variations of the excitation wavelength of the blue LED die affect the correlated colour temperature of the white LED source. Based on optical ray tracing of a phosphor converted white LED package we deduce permissible values for the variation of a given extinction coefficient and a given quantum efficiency of a phosphor material in order to maintain acceptable colour variations. These quantitative valuations of the required constancy of the optical properties of the phosphors will in particular provide some benchmarks for the synthesis of improved phosphor materials aiming at solid state lighting applications.

  17. Phosphor investigation in the production of Syrian phosphoric acid using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Hassanieh, O.; Al-Hameish, M.

    2009-06-01

    Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was applied in this work to the industrial process of extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid and to the process of the purification of the phosphoric acid for food proposes. The structural changes of used extraction materials and the organic content of the final product was studied. 13 C , 1 H and 32 P-spectra of all material during the process were recorded. The spectra of the three used extraction materials Bis(2-ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid)) DEHPA, TriOctyl Phosphine Oxide (TOPO) (C 8 H 1 7) 3 P=O and TriButyl Phosphate (TBP) (C 4 H 9 O) 3 P=O show a partial degradation during the process. The final product ( Phosphoric acid for Food proposes) doesn't contain any organic solvents or extraction material. (author)

  18. Radioluminescent nuclear batteries with different phosphor layers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hong, Liang; Tang, Xiao-Bin; Xu, Zhi-Heng; Liu, Yun-Peng; Chen, Da

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • We present and test the electrical properties of the nuclear battery. • The best thickness range for ZnS:Cu phosphor layer is 12–14 mg cm −2 for 147 Pm radioisotope. • The best thickness range for Y 2 O 2 S:Eu phosphor layer is 17–21 mg cm −2147 Pm radioisotope. • The battery with ZnS:Cu phosphor layer can provide higher energy conversion efficiency. • The mechanism affecting the nuclear battery output performance is revealed. - Abstract: A radioluminescent nuclear battery based on the beta radioluminescence of phosphors is presented, and which consists of 147 Pm radioisotope, phosphor layers, and GaAs photovoltaic cell. ZnS:Cu and Y 2 O 2 S:Eu phosphor layers for various thickness were fabricated. To investigate the effect of phosphor layer parameters on the battery, the electrical properties were measured. Results indicate that the optimal thickness ranges for the ZnS:Cu and Y 2 O 2 S:Eu phosphor layers are 12 mg cm −2 to 14 mg cm −2 and 17 mg cm −2 to 21 mg cm −2 , respectively. ZnS:Cu phosphor layer exhibits higher fluorescence efficiency compared with the Y 2 O 2 S:Eu phosphor layer. Its spectrum properly matches the spectral response of GaAs photovoltaic cell. As a result, the battery with ZnS:Cu phosphor layer indicates higher energy conversion efficiency than that with Y 2 O 2 S:Eu phosphor layer. Additionally, the mechanism of the phosphor layer parameters that influence the output performance of the battery is discussed through the Monte Carlo method and transmissivity test

  19. Thermographic skin temperature measurement compared with cold sensation in predicting the efficacy and distribution of epidural anesthesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bruins, Arnoud A; Kistemaker, Kay R J; Boom, Annemieke; Klaessens, John H G M; Verdaasdonk, Rudolf M; Boer, Christa

    2018-04-01

    Due to the high rates of epidural failure (3-32%), novel techniques are required to objectively assess the successfulness of an epidural block. In this study we therefore investigated whether thermographic temperature measurements have a higher predictive value for a successful epidural block when compared to the cold sensation test as gold standard. Epidural anesthesia was induced in 61 patients undergoing elective abdominal, thoracic or orthopedic surgery. A thermographic picture was recorded at 5, 10 and 15 min following epidural anesthesia induction. After 15 min a cold sensation test was performed. Epidural anesthesia is associated with a decrease in skin temperature. Thermography predicts a successful epidural block with a sensitivity of 54% and a PPV of 92% and a specificity of 67% and a NPV of 17%. The cold sensation test shows a higher sensitivity and PPV than thermography (97 and 93%), but a lower specificity and NPV than thermography (25 and 50%). Thermographic temperature measurements can be used as an additional and objective method for the assessment of the effectiveness of an epidural block next to the cold sensation test, but have a low sensitivity and negative predictive value. The local decrease in temperature as observed in our study during epidural anesthesia is mainly attributed to a core-to-peripheral redistribution of body heat and vasodilation.

  20. Concentration and wavelength dependent frequency downshifting photoluminescence from a Tb3+ doped yttria nano-phosphor: A photochromic phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yadav, Ram Sagar; Rai, Shyam Bahadur

    2018-03-01

    In this article, the Tb3+ doped Y2O3 nano-phosphor has been synthesized through solution combustion method. The structural measurements of the nano-phosphor have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques, which reveal nano-crystalline nature. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements reveal the presence of different molecular species in the nano-phosphor. The UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectrum of the nano-phosphor shows large number of bands due to charge transfer band (CTB) and 4f-4f electronic transitions of Tb3+ ion. The Tb3+ doped Y2O3 nano-phosphor emits intense green downshifting photoluminescence centered at 543 nm due to 5D4 → 7F5 transition on excitation with 350 nm. The emission intensity of the nano-phosphor is optimized at 1.0 mol% concentration of Tb3+ ion. When the as-synthesized nano-phosphor is annealed at higher temperature the emission intensity of the nano-phosphor enhances upto 5 times. The enhancement in the emission intensity is due to an increase in crystallinity of the nano-phosphor, reduction in surface defects and optical quenching centers. The CIE diagram reveals that the Tb3+ doped nano-phosphor samples show the photochromic nature (color tunability) with a change in the concentration of Tb3+ ion and excitation wavelength. The lifetime measurement indicates an increase in the lifetime for the annealed sample. Thus, the Tb3+ doped Y2O3 nano-phosphor may be used in photochromic displays and photonic devices.

  1. MULTI-PHOTON PHOSPHOR FEASIBILITY RESEARCH

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    R. Graham; W. Chow

    2003-05-01

    Development of multi-photon phosphor materials for discharge lamps represents a goal that would achieve up to a doubling of discharge (fluorescent) lamp efficacy. This report reviews the existing literature on multi-photon phosphors, identifies obstacles in developing such phosphors, and recommends directions for future research to address these obstacles. To critically examine issues involved in developing a multi-photon phosphor, the project brought together a team of experts from universities, national laboratories, and an industrial lamp manufacturer. Results and findings are organized into three categories: (1) Multi-Photon Systems and Processes, (2) Chemistry and Materials Issues, and (3) Concepts and Models. Multi-Photon Systems and Processes: This category focuses on how to use our current understanding of multi-photon phosphor systems to design new phosphor systems for application in fluorescent lamps. The quickest way to develop multi-photon lamp phosphors lies in finding sensitizer ions for Gd{sup 3+} and identifying activator ions to red shift the blue emission from Pr{sup 3+} due to the {sup 1}S{sub 0} {yields} {sup 1}I{sub 6} transition associated with the first cascading step. Success in either of these developments would lead to more efficient fluorescent lamps. Chemistry and Materials Issues: The most promising multi-photon phosphors are found in fluoride hosts. However, stability of fluorides in environments typically found in fluorescent lamps needs to be greatly improved. Experimental investigation of fluorides in actual lamp environments needs to be undertaken while working on oxide and oxyfluoride alternative systems for backup. Concepts and Models: Successful design of a multi-photon phosphor system based on cascading transitions of Gd{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} depends critically on how the former can be sensitized and the latter can sensitize an activator ion. Methods to predict energy level diagrams and Judd-Ofelt parameters of multi

  2. Phosphor blends for high-CRI fluorescent lamps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Setlur, Anant Achyut [Niskayuna, NY; Srivastava, Alok Mani [Niskayuna, NY; Comanzo, Holly Ann [Niskayuna, NY; Manivannan, Venkatesan [Clifton Park, NY; Beers, William Winder [Chesterland, OH; Toth, Katalin [Pomaz, HU; Balazs, Laszlo D [Budapest, HU

    2008-06-24

    A phosphor blend comprises at least two phosphors each selected from one of the groups of phosphors that absorb UV electromagnetic radiation and emit in a region of visible light. The phosphor blend can be applied to a discharge gas radiation source to produce light sources having high color rendering index. A phosphor blend is advantageously includes the phosphor (Tb,Y,LuLa,Gd).sub.x(Al,Ga).sub.yO.sub.12:Ce.sup.3+, wherein x is in the range from about 2.8 to and including 3 and y is in the range from about 4 to and including 5.

  3. Computer vision syndrome (CVS) - Thermographic Analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llamosa-Rincón, L. E.; Jaime-Díaz, J. M.; Ruiz-Cardona, D. F.

    2017-01-01

    The use of computers has reported an exponential growth in the last decades, the possibility of carrying out several tasks for both professional and leisure purposes has contributed to the great acceptance by the users. The consequences and impact of uninterrupted tasks with computers screens or displays on the visual health, have grabbed researcher’s attention. When spending long periods of time in front of a computer screen, human eyes are subjected to great efforts, which in turn triggers a set of symptoms known as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). Most common of them are: blurred vision, visual fatigue and Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) due to unappropriate lubrication of ocular surface when blinking decreases. An experimental protocol was de-signed and implemented to perform thermographic studies on healthy human eyes during exposure to dis-plays of computers, with the main purpose of comparing the existing differences in temperature variations of healthy ocular surfaces.

  4. Limiting Current of Oxygen Reduction on Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Li, Qingfeng; Gang, Xiao; Hjuler, Hans Aage

    1994-01-01

    on polytetrafluorine-ethyl bonded gas-diffusion electordes in phosphoric acid with and without fluorinated additives. This provides an alternative to estimate the film thickness by combining it with the acid-adsorption measurements and the porosity analysis of the catalyst layer. It was noticed that the limiting......Various models have been devoted to the operation mechanism of porous diffusion electrodes. They are, however, suffering from the lack of accuracy concerning the acid-film thickness on which they are based. In the present paper the limiting current density has been measured for oxygen reduction...... current density can be accomplished either by gas-phase diffusion or liquid-phase diffusion, and it is the latter that can be used in the film-thickness estimation. It is also important to mention that at such a limiting condition, both the thin-film model and the filmed agglomerate model reach the same...

  5. Recovering uranium from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1979-01-01

    Wet-process phosphoric acid contains a significant amount of uranium. This uranium totals more than 1,500 tons/yr in current U.S. acid output--and projections put the uranium level at 8,000 tons/yr in the year 2000. Since the phosphoric acid is a major raw material for fertilizers, uranium finds its way into those products and is effectively lost as a resource, while adding to the amount of radioactive material that can contaminate the food chain. So, resource-conservation and environmental considerations both make recovery of the uranium from phosphoric acid desirable. This paper describes the newly developed process for recovering uranium from phosphoric acid by using solvent-extraction technique. After many extractants had been tested, the researchers eventually selected the combination of di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEPA) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as the most suitable. The flowscheme of the process is included

  6. 46 CFR 151.50-23 - Phosphoric acid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Phosphoric acid. 151.50-23 Section 151.50-23 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Special Requirements § 151.50-23 Phosphoric acid. (a) The term phosphoric acid as used in this subpart shall include, in addition to phosphoric acid, aqueous solutions of...

  7. Temperature measurements on fast-rotating objects using a thermographic camera with an optomechanical image derotator

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altmann, Bettina; Pape, Christian; Reithmeier, Eduard

    2017-08-01

    Increasing requirements concerning the quality and lifetime of machine components in industrial and automotive applications require comprehensive investigations of the components in conditions close to the application. Irregularities in heating of mechanical parts reveal regions with increased loading of pressure, draft or friction. In the long run this leads to damage and total failure of the machine. Thermographic measurements of rotating objects, e.g., rolling bearings, brakes, and clutches provide an approach to investigate those defects. However, it is challenging to measure fast-rotating objects accurately. Currently one contact-free approach is performing stroboscopic measurements using an infrared sensor. The data acquisition is triggered so that the image is taken once per revolution. This leads to a huge loss of information on the majority of the movement and to motion blur. The objective of this research is showing the potential of using an optomechanical image derotator together with a thermographic camera. The derotator follows the rotation of the measurement object so that quasi-stationary thermal images during motion can be acquired by the infrared sensor. Unlike conventional derotators which use a glass prism to achieve this effect, the derotator within this work is equipped with a sophisticated reflector assembly. These reflectors are made of aluminum to transfer infrared radiation emitted by the rotating object. Because of the resulting stationary thermal image, the operation can be monitored continuously even for fast-rotating objects. The field of view can also be set to a small off-axis region of interest which then can be investigated with higher resolution or frame rate. To depict the potential of this approach, thermographic measurements on a rolling bearings in different operating states are presented.

  8. Tuning the diurnal natural daylight with phosphor converted white LED – Advent of new phosphor blend composition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Yoon Hwa; Arunkumar, Paulraj; Park, Seung Hyok; Yoon, Ho Shin; Im, Won Bin

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Designed phosphor blend that mimics diurnal daylight for health benefits. • Developed new phosphor blend composition that mimics natural sunlight under near UV. • The phosphor blend also exhibits high CRI (≥90) under blue LED excitation. • Fabricated WLED exhibited ∼91% spectral resemblance with daylight at 4500 K. • While ∼39.2% spectral resemblance were observed for YAG:Ce 3+ at 4500 K. - Abstract: We demonstrate the feasibility of developing phosphor converted white LED (pc-WLED) that mimics diurnal natural daylight with the newly designed phosphor blend in the color temperature (CCT) 2700–6000 K for health benefits. Natural daylight (sunlight) spectrum possesses broad emission in the visible region and closely approximates black body radiator, with color rendition index (CRI) of 100 under wide CCT (2500–6500 K). Current white light LEDs although are efficient and durable, they are not broad enough compared to daylight. We report new phosphor blend based on Sr 3 MgSi 2 O 8 :Eu 2+ blue phosphor with broad emission and high CRI ≥ 96 under both near UV and blue excitation. The fabricated WLED has exhibited ∼91% spectral resemblance with natural daylight compared to 39.2% for YAG:Ce 3+ white LED at 4500 K. The developed phosphor blend tunes the spectrum in wider CCT and would be a prospective candidate for full spectrum daylight WLED

  9. Application of strong phosphoric acid to radiochemistry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Terada, Kikuo

    1977-01-01

    Not only inorganic and organic compounds but also natural substrances, such as accumulations in soil, are completely decomposed and distilled by heating with strong phosphoric acid for 30 to 50 minutes. As applications of strong phosphoric acid to radiochemistry, determination of uranium and boron by use of solubilization effect of this substance, titration of uranyl ion by use of sulfuric iron (II) contained in this substance, application to tracer experiment, and determination of radioactive ruthenium in environmental samples are reviewed. Strong phosphoric acid is also applied to activation analysis, for example, determination of N in pyrographite with iodate potassium-strong phosphoric acid method, separation of Os and Ru with sulfuric cerium (IV) - strong phosphoric acid method or potassium dechromate-strong phosphoric acid method, analysis of Se, As and Sb rocks and accumulations with ammonium bromide, sodium chloride and sodium bromide-strong phosphoric acid method. (Kanao, N.)

  10. Thermoluminescent dosimetry of new phosphors of Zn O exposed to beta radiation; Dosimetria termoluminiscente de nuevos fosforos de ZnO expuestos a radiacion beta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cruz V, C.; Burruel I, S.E.; Grijalva M, H. [UNISON, A.P. 130, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico); Barboza F, M.; Bernal, R. [CIF, UNISON, A.P. 5-088, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)

    2004-07-01

    In this work, we report the thermoluminescence dosimetry of a new Zn O phosphor obtained by annealing of Zn S powder precipitated when Zn S films were grown by employing a CBD method. The collected Zn S powder was pressed in a die to form pellets which were subjected to different thermal treatments under air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and energy-dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) analyses confirmed the transformation of Zn S to Zn O. The phosphors thus obtained were exposed to high doses of beta radiation and their thermoluminescent dosimetry show that these new phosphors are materials suitable to be used in high dose thermoluminescence dosimetry. (Author)

  11. 21 CFR 182.1073 - Phosphoric acid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Phosphoric acid. 182.1073 Section 182.1073 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN....1073 Phosphoric acid. (a) Product. Phosphoric acid. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is generally...

  12. 21 CFR 582.1073 - Phosphoric acid.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Phosphoric acid. 582.1073 Section 582.1073 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL... Additives § 582.1073 Phosphoric acid. (a) Product. Phosphoric acid. (b) Conditions of use. This substance is...

  13. Tuning the diurnal natural daylight with phosphor converted white LED – Advent of new phosphor blend composition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Yoon Hwa [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300, Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757 (Korea, Republic of); Research Institute, Force4 Corp., Daechon-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-470 (Korea, Republic of); Arunkumar, Paulraj [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300, Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Seung Hyok; Yoon, Ho Shin [Research Institute, Force4 Corp., Daechon-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-470 (Korea, Republic of); Im, Won Bin, E-mail: imwonbin@jnu.ac.kr [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300, Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757 (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-03-15

    Highlights: • Designed phosphor blend that mimics diurnal daylight for health benefits. • Developed new phosphor blend composition that mimics natural sunlight under near UV. • The phosphor blend also exhibits high CRI (≥90) under blue LED excitation. • Fabricated WLED exhibited ∼91% spectral resemblance with daylight at 4500 K. • While ∼39.2% spectral resemblance were observed for YAG:Ce{sup 3+} at 4500 K. - Abstract: We demonstrate the feasibility of developing phosphor converted white LED (pc-WLED) that mimics diurnal natural daylight with the newly designed phosphor blend in the color temperature (CCT) 2700–6000 K for health benefits. Natural daylight (sunlight) spectrum possesses broad emission in the visible region and closely approximates black body radiator, with color rendition index (CRI) of 100 under wide CCT (2500–6500 K). Current white light LEDs although are efficient and durable, they are not broad enough compared to daylight. We report new phosphor blend based on Sr{sub 3}MgSi{sub 2}O{sub 8}:Eu{sup 2+} blue phosphor with broad emission and high CRI ≥ 96 under both near UV and blue excitation. The fabricated WLED has exhibited ∼91% spectral resemblance with natural daylight compared to 39.2% for YAG:Ce{sup 3+} white LED at 4500 K. The developed phosphor blend tunes the spectrum in wider CCT and would be a prospective candidate for full spectrum daylight WLED.

  14. Color stable manganese-doped phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lyons, Robert Joseph [Burnt Hills, NY; Setlur, Anant Achyut [Niskayuna, NY; Deshpande, Anirudha Rajendra [Twinsburg, OH; Grigorov, Ljudmil Slavchev [Sofia, BG

    2012-08-28

    A process for preparing color stable Mn.sup.+4 doped phosphors includes providing a phosphor of formula I; A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]:Mn.sup.+4 I and contacting the phosphor in particulate form with a saturated solution of a composition of formula II in aqueous hydrofluoric acid; A.sub.x[MF.sub.y]; II wherein A is Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, NR.sub.4 or a combination thereof; M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Nb, Ta, Bi, Gd, or a combination thereof; R is H, lower alkyl, or a combination thereof; x is the absolute value of the charge of the [MF.sub.y] ion; and y is 5, 6 or 7. In particular embodiments, M is Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, or a combination thereof. A lighting apparatus capable of emitting white light includes a semiconductor light source; and a phosphor composition radiationally coupled to the light source, and which includes a color stable Mn.sup.+4 doped phosphor.

  15. Phosphor-Doped Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Air Plasma Spray for In-Depth Temperature Sensing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Di Peng

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ-based thermal barrier coating (TBC has been integrated with thermographic phosphors through air plasma spray (APS for in-depth; non-contact temperature sensing. This coating consisted of a thin layer of Dy-doped YSZ (about 40 µm on the bottom and a regular YSZ layer with a thickness up to 300 µm on top. A measurement system has been established; which included a portable; low-cost diode laser (405 nm; a photo-multiplier tube (PMT and the related optics. Coating samples with different topcoat thickness were calibrated in a high-temperature furnace from room temperature to around 900 °C. The results convincingly showed that the current sensor and the measurement system was capable of in-depth temperature sensing over 800 °C with a YSZ top layer up to 300 µm. The topcoat thickness was found to have a strong effect on the luminescent signal level. Therefore; the measurement accuracy at high temperatures was reduced for samples with thick topcoats due to strong light attenuation. However; it seemed that the light transmissivity of YSZ topcoat increased with temperature; which would improve the sensor’s performance at high temperatures. The current sensor and the measurement technology have shown great potential in on-line monitoring of TBC interface temperature.

  16. Improvements in x-ray image converters and phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabatin, J.G.

    1981-01-01

    Improvements to an X-ray image converter comprising crystals of rare earth phosphor admixtures are described. The phosphor admixtures utilize thulium-activated lanthanum and/or gadolinium oxyhalide phosphor material to increase the relative speed and resolution of an X-ray image compared with conventional rare earth phosphors. Examples of various radiographic screens containing one or more of the phosphor materials are given. (U.K.)

  17. Fluorescent lighting with aluminum nitride phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cherepy, Nerine J.; Payne, Stephen A.; Seeley, Zachary M.; Srivastava, Alok M.

    2016-05-10

    A fluorescent lamp includes a glass envelope; at least two electrodes connected to the glass envelope; mercury vapor and an inert gas within the glass envelope; and a phosphor within the glass envelope, wherein the phosphor blend includes aluminum nitride. The phosphor may be a wurtzite (hexagonal) crystalline structure Al.sub.(1-x)M.sub.xN phosphor, where M may be drawn from beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, ytterbium, bismuth, manganese, silicon, germanium, tin, boron, or gallium is synthesized to include dopants to control its luminescence under ultraviolet excitation. The disclosed Al.sub.(1-x)M.sub.xN:Mn phosphor provides bright orange-red emission, comparable in efficiency and spectrum to that of the standard orange-red phosphor used in fluorescent lighting, Y.sub.2O.sub.3:Eu. Furthermore, it offers excellent lumen maintenance in a fluorescent lamp, and does not utilize "critical rare earths," minimizing sensitivity to fluctuating market prices for the rare earth elements.

  18. Ultraviolet excitation of remote phosphor with symmetrical illumination used in dual-sided liquid-crystal display.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Hsin-Tao; Tsai, Chuang-Chuang; Huang, Yi-Pai

    2010-08-01

    The UV-excited flat lighting (UFL) technique differs from conventional fluorescent lamp or LED illumination. It involves using a remote phosphor film to convert the wavelength of UV light to visible light, achieving high brightness and planar and uniform illumination. In particular, UFL can accomplish compact size, low power consumption, and symmetrical dual-sided illumination. Additionally, UFL utilizes a thermal radiation mechanism to release the large amount of heat that is generated upon illumination without thermal accumulation. These characteristics of the UFL technique can motivate a wide range of lighting applications in thin-film transistor LCD backlighting or general lighting.

  19. Certification of building thermographers: experiences after three courses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kauppinen, Timo; Hekkanen, Martti; Paloniitty, Sauli; Krankka, Juha

    2006-04-01

    The certification procedure of building thermographers was started in 2003, even though thermography has been used in Finland in building survey since late 70's. There has been about a 25 years' unorganized and more or less wild period, without any generally accepted rules for interpretation, as well as how to order thermography services, how to report the results, how to do the practical work in the buildings etc. The service was provided by consultants with varied backgrounds. More operators have come into the market and building developers and contractors have begun to use thermography for quality control in new building and in renovation planning. In the year 2004 various organizations in building trade launched a pilot project to certificate building thermographers. The structure and the topics of the course were introduced in Thermosense 2005. By the end of the year 2005 the third course was completed. From the beginning of the procedure to the end of the third course about 40 persons have received a certificate. During the certification process, two guidelines have been published, as part of RT (Building Information) - files: instructions for ordering, for practical field work and for reporting of thermography survey in buildings. The guidelines also contain basics for interpretation. The interpretation is consistent with the other existing directions (building codes etc). At the turn of 2005 - 2006 a new book of building thermography was published. There is still lack of comprehensive as well as unambiguous rules for interpretation. In the paper we will present experiences on the courses, the main problems posed to the participants and findings during the last two - three years' field work. We will also introduce briefly the structure and content of the guidelines and an example how to use thermography as a tool of quality control in new building. The case studies are new one-family houses in a housing fair and exhibition area in the city of Oulu.

  20. Nanoporous Thin Film Templates for the Fabrication of Nanowires and Nanotubes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bordo, Kirill

    2011-01-01

    (silicon, glass, ITO-glass, mica) with the use of different electrolytes (oxalic, sulphuric and phosphoric acid) has also been systematically studied. It has been found that the structure of such films depends strongly on the structure and morphology of the initial thin Al films as well...

  1. A device for checking the speeds and quality of X-ray films and efficiency of film processors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crooks, H.E.

    1980-01-01

    In order to carry out quality assurance tests of X-ray films, screens and processors, a standard exposure source of utmost reliability is desirable. The performance of apparatus containing yellow-green light emitting radioactive tritium activated phosphor, known as Betalight, is described. Over a period of 2 1/2 years, variations in film speeds up to +- 20% from nominally the same types of film have been observed. Additionally, substandard developer has been easily identified with the use of this device. The device is cheap and easy to manufacture, accurate and simple to use. (U.K.)

  2. Uranium extraction from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lounis, A.

    1983-05-01

    A study has been carried out for the extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid produced in Algeria. First of all, the Algerian phosphoric acid produced in Algeria by SONATRACH has been characterised. This study helped us to synthesize a phosphoric acid that enabled us to pass from laboratory tests to pilot scale tests. We have then examined extraction and stripping parameters: diluent, DZEPHA/TOPO ratio and oxidising agent. The laboratory experiments enabled us to set the optimum condition for the choice of diluent, extractant concentration, ratio of the synergic mixture, oxidant concentration, redox potential. The equilibrium isotherms lead to the determination of the number of theoretical stages for the uranium extraction and stripping of uranium, then the extraction from phosphoric acid has been verified on a pilot scale (using a mixer-settler)

  3. Phosphors for X-ray intensification screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rebatin, J.G.

    1980-01-01

    An improved rare earth oxyhalide phosphor for x-ray intensification screens is described. The phosphors, of formula LnOX.T where Ln = La or Gd, X = Cl or Br and T = Tm or Tb, are mixed with a small amount of a trivalent antimony compound. The addition of antimony overcomes ageing due to attack by atmospheric moisture and renders the phosphor freeflowing so that dispersions can be readily made. Preferably the phosphor is washed with an aqueous solution of the antimony compound and the compound is the fluoride, chloride or butoxide, or potassium antimony tartrate. (U.K.)

  4. Crystal growth of electroluminescent ZnS:Cu,Cl phosphor and its TiO2 coating by sol-gel method for thick-film EL device

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Han, Sang-Do; Singh, Ishwar; Singh, Devender; Lee, You-He; Sharma, Gaytri; Han, Chi-Hwan

    2005-01-01

    Bigger-sized spherical particle of ZnS:Cu,Cl to be employed for electroluminescent (EL) device has been synthesized using a new eutectic mixture as flux. The best composition of the flux was the mixture of BaCl 2 .2H 2 O, MgCl 2 .6H 2 O and NaCl in the mole percentage ratio of 13.8:39.9:46.2 and when the total amount of the mixture was 6% of the total weight of ZnS. The phosphor was synthesized firing at higher temperatures in two steps. First step firing at 1150 deg. C gave the hexagonal phase of the ZnS phosphor particles. Low intensity ball-milling of the phosphor pastes in solvents converted hexagonal phase partially to the cubic phase of the phosphor, which is an essential step. Mixing with copper sulfate or copper(I) halides and magnesium chloride and then firing (second step) at 750 deg. C gave a phosphor with better luminescent characteristics and converting to almost 100% cubic phase. The phosphor particles having size >0.020 mm size were sieved and coated with TiO 2 made by sol-gel process using titanium(IV)-isopropoxide as a precursor. The phosphor particles were coated twice with the TiO 2 sol and finally calcined at 400 deg C in nitrogen atmosphere. The EL devices were fabricated with the synthesized phosphor using a screen-printing method

  5. Improving LED CCT uniformity using micropatterned films optimized by combining ray tracing and FDTD methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ding, Xinrui; Li, Jiasheng; Chen, Qiu; Tang, Yong; Li, Zongtao; Yu, Binhai

    2015-02-09

    Although the light-emitting diode (LED) has revolutionized lighting, the non-uniformity of its correlated color temperature (CCT) still remains a major concern. In this context, to improve the light distribution performance of remote phosphor LED lamps, we employ a micropatterned array (MPA) optical film fabricated using a low-cost molding process. The parameters of the MPA, including different installation configurations, positioning, and diameters, are optimized by combining the finite-difference time-domain and ray-tracing methods. Results show that the sample with the upward-facing convex-cone MPA film that has a diameter of half of that of the remote phosphor glass, and is tightly affixed to the inward surface of the remote phosphor glass renders a superior light distribution performance. When compared with the case in which no MPA film is used, the deviation of the CCT distribution decreases from 1033 K to 223 K, and the corresponding output power of the sample is an acceptable level of 85.6%. We perform experiments to verify our simulation results, and the two sets of results exhibit a close agreement. We believe that our approach can be used to optimize MPA films for various lighting applications.

  6. Thermographic observation of the divertor target plates in the stellarators W7-AS and W7-X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hildebrandt, D.; Gadelmeier, F.; Grigull, P.; McCormick, K.; Naujoks, D.; Suender, D.

    2003-01-01

    Thermography is applied on the stellarator W7-AS to monitor the thermal load of the recently installed divertor targets. A three dimensional numerical code was developed to evaluate power fluxes arriving at the targets from the measured temporal evolution of the surface temperature distribution. Values of the thermal conductivity of the used CFC-target material for all three directions are required for this evaluation and determined by observing the propagation of controlled heat pulses applied by an infrared laser. The evaluation of the thermographic measurements during plasma operation shows characteristic spatial and temporal features of the arrived heat fluxes. Significant features in high density regimes like plasma detachment from the divertor target plates or strongly enhanced localised plasma radiation (MARFE) has been observed by the installed infrared cameras. The implications of these observations for the thermographic system for W7-X are shortly addressed

  7. Thermographic Imaging of the Superficial Temperature in Racing Greyhounds before and after the Race

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mari Vainionpää

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available A total of 47 racing greyhounds were enrolled in this study on two race days (in July and September, resp. at a racetrack. Twelve of the dogs participated in the study on both days. Thermographic images were taken before and after each race. From the images, superficial temperature points of selected sites (tendo calcaneus, musculus gastrocnemius, musculus gracilis, and musculus biceps femoris portio caudalis were taken and used to investigate the differences in superficial temperatures before and after the race. The thermographic images were compared between the right and left legs of a dog, between the raced distances, and between the two race days. The theoretical heat capacity of a racing greyhound was calculated. With regard to all distances raced, the superficial temperatures measured from the musculus gastrocnemius were significantly higher after the race than at baseline. No significant differences were found between the left and right legs of a dog after completing any of the distances. Significant difference was found between the two race days. The heat loss mechanisms of racing greyhounds during the race through forced conduction, radiation, evaporation, and panting can be considered adequate when observing the calculated heat capacity of the dogs.

  8. Thermographic imaging of the superficial temperature in racing greyhounds before and after the race.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vainionpää, Mari; Tienhaara, Esa-Pekka; Raekallio, Marja; Junnila, Jouni; Snellman, Marjatta; Vainio, Outi

    2012-01-01

    A total of 47 racing greyhounds were enrolled in this study on two race days (in July and September, resp.) at a racetrack. Twelve of the dogs participated in the study on both days. Thermographic images were taken before and after each race. From the images, superficial temperature points of selected sites (tendo calcaneus, musculus gastrocnemius, musculus gracilis, and musculus biceps femoris portio caudalis) were taken and used to investigate the differences in superficial temperatures before and after the race. The thermographic images were compared between the right and left legs of a dog, between the raced distances, and between the two race days. The theoretical heat capacity of a racing greyhound was calculated. With regard to all distances raced, the superficial temperatures measured from the musculus gastrocnemius were significantly higher after the race than at baseline. No significant differences were found between the left and right legs of a dog after completing any of the distances. Significant difference was found between the two race days. The heat loss mechanisms of racing greyhounds during the race through forced conduction, radiation, evaporation, and panting can be considered adequate when observing the calculated heat capacity of the dogs.

  9. Method of preparing a thermoluminescent phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lasky, Jerome B.; Moran, Paul R.

    1979-01-01

    A thermoluminescent phosphor comprising LiF doped with boron and magnesium is produced by diffusion of boron into a conventional LiF phosphor doped with magnesium. Where the boron dopant is made to penetrate only the outer layer of the phosphor, it can be used to detect shallowly penetrating radiation such as tritium beta ays in the presence of a background of more penetrating radiation.

  10. The Influence of Phosphor and Binder Chemistry on the Aging Characteristics of Remote Phosphor Products

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Davis, Lynn; Yaga, Robert; Lamvik, Michael; Mills, Karmann; Fletcher, B.

    2017-06-30

    The influence of phosphor and binder layer chemistries on the lumen maintenance and color stability of remote phosphor disks were examined using wet high-temperature operational lifetime testing (WHTOL). As part of the experimental matrix, two different correlated color temperature (CCT) values, 2700 K and 5000 K, were studied and each had a different binder chemistry. The 2700 K samples used a urethane binder whereas the 5000 K samples used an acrylate binder. Experimental conditions were chosen to enable study of the binder and phosphor chemistries and to minimize photo-oxidation of the polycarbonate substrate. Under the more severe WHTOL conditions of 85°C and 85% relative humidity (RH), absorption in the binder layer significantly reduced luminous flux and produced a blue color shift. The milder WHTOL conditions of 75°C and 75% RH, resulted in chemical changes in the binder layer that may alter its index of refraction. As a result, lumen maintenance remained high, but a slight yellow shift was found. The aging of remote phosphor products provides insights into the impact of materials on the performance of phosphors in an LED lighting system.

  11. Fluid flow in panel radiator under various conditions - thermographic visualisation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bašta Jiří

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Thermographic investigation of a heating panel radiator under various conditions, especially with various heating water volume flow rate is described in this article. For a radiator type 10-500x1000 TBOE and for two levels of inlet water temperature (75 and 55 °C a set of thermal images of surface temperature patterns for various values of heating water volume flow rate was taken. The initial value of flow rate was derived from nominal heating output and recalculated to real conditions. An increase of volume flow rate higher than 15 % over the nominal recalculated value is for the studied cases easily detectable on the resulting thermal images.

  12. Consumption of Pt anode in phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kamiya, N.; Urata, K.; Motohira, N.; Ota, K. [Yokohama National University, Yokohama (Japan)

    1997-12-05

    Consumption of Pt anode was investigated in phosphoric acid of various concentration. In 30-70wt% phosphoric acid, Pt dissolved at the rate of 19{mu}gcm{sup -2}h{sup -1}. On the other hand, in 85 wt% phosphoric acid, the amount increased to 0.91 mgcm{sup -2}h{sup -1} which is ca. 180 and 1800 times as much as in 1M sulfuric acid and 1M alkaline solution, respectively. In the diluted phosphoric acid solution, the Pt surface was covered with Pt oxides during the electrolysis, which would prevent the surface from corrosion. However, in the concentrated phosphoric acid, no such oxide surface was observed. Concentrated phosphoric acid might form stable complex with Pt species, therefore the uncovered bare Pt surface is situated in the serious corrosion condition under the high overvoltage and Pt would dissolve into the solution directly instead of forming the Pt oxides. 11 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.

  13. Process for recovering a uranium containing concentrate and purified phosphoric acid from a wet process phosphoric acid containing uranium

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weterings, C.A.M.; Janssen, J.A.

    1985-01-01

    A process is claimed for recovering from a wet process phosphoric acid which contains uranium, a uranium containing concentrate and a purified phosphoric acid. The wet process phosphoric acid is treated with a precipitant in the presence of a reducing agent and an aliphatic ketone

  14. Process for recovering a uranium containing concentrate and purified phosphoric acid from a wet process phosphoric acid containing uranium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weterings, C.A.M.; Janssen, J.A.

    1985-04-30

    A process is claimed for recovering from a wet process phosphoric acid which contains uranium, a uranium containing concentrate and a purified phosphoric acid. The wet process phosphoric acid is treated with a precipitant in the presence of a reducing agent and an aliphatic ketone.

  15. Method of purifying phosphoric acid after solvent extraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kouloheris, A.P.; Lefever, J.A.

    1979-01-01

    A method of purifying phosphoric acid after solvent extraction is described. The phosphoric acid is contacted with a sorbent which sorbs or takes up the residual amount of organic carrier and the phosphoric acid separated from the organic carrier-laden sorbent. The method is especially suitable for removing residual organic carrier from phosphoric acid after solvent extraction uranium recovery. (author)

  16. Drastic reduction in the surface recombination velocity of crystalline silicon passivated with catalytic chemical vapor deposited SiNx films by introducing phosphorous catalytic-doped layer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thi, Trinh Cham; Koyama, Koichi; Ohdaira, Keisuke; Matsumura, Hideki

    2014-01-01

    We improve the passivation property of n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface passivated with a catalytic chemical vapor deposited (Cat-CVD) Si nitride (SiN x ) film by inserting a phosphorous (P)-doped layer formed by exposing c-Si surface to P radicals generated by the catalytic cracking of PH 3 molecules (Cat-doping). An extremely low surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 2 cm/s can be achieved for 2.5 Ω cm n-type (100) floating-zone Si wafers passivated with SiN x /P Cat-doped layers, both prepared in Cat-CVD systems. Compared with the case of only SiN x passivated layers, SRV decreases from 5 cm/s to 2 cm/s. The decrease in SRV is the result of field effect created by activated P atoms (donors) in a shallow P Cat-doped layer. Annealing process plays an important role in improving the passivation quality of SiN x films. The outstanding results obtained imply that SiN x /P Cat-doped layers can be used as promising passivation layers in high-efficiency n-type c-Si solar cells.

  17. 4-Gbit/s visible light communication link based on 16-QAM OFDM transmission over remote phosphor-film converted white light by using blue laser diode

    KAUST Repository

    Duran Retamal, Jose Ramon

    2015-12-21

    Visible Light Communication (VLC) as a new technology for ultrahigh-speed communication is still limited when using slow modulation light-emitting diode (LED). Alternatively, we present a 4-Gbit/s VLC system using coherent blue-laser diode (LD) via 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. By changing the composition and the optical-configuration of a remote phosphor-film the generated white light is tuned from cool day to neutral, and the bit error rate is optimized from 1.9 × 10-2 to 2.8 × 10-5 in a blue filter-free link due to enhanced blue light transmission in forward direction. Briefly, blue-LD is an alternative to LED for generating white light and boosting the data rate of VLC. © 2015 Optical Society of America.

  18. 4-Gbit/s visible light communication link based on 16-QAM OFDM transmission over remote phosphor-film converted white light by using blue laser diode

    KAUST Repository

    Duran Retamal, Jose Ramon; Oubei, Hassan M.; Janjua, Bilal; Chi, Yu-Chieh; Wang, Huai-Yung; Tsai, Cheng-Ting; Ng, Tien Khee; Hsieh, Dan-Hua; Kuo, Hao-Chung; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim; He, Jr-Hau; Lin, Gong-Ru; Ooi, Boon S.

    2015-01-01

    Visible Light Communication (VLC) as a new technology for ultrahigh-speed communication is still limited when using slow modulation light-emitting diode (LED). Alternatively, we present a 4-Gbit/s VLC system using coherent blue-laser diode (LD) via 16-quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. By changing the composition and the optical-configuration of a remote phosphor-film the generated white light is tuned from cool day to neutral, and the bit error rate is optimized from 1.9 × 10-2 to 2.8 × 10-5 in a blue filter-free link due to enhanced blue light transmission in forward direction. Briefly, blue-LD is an alternative to LED for generating white light and boosting the data rate of VLC. © 2015 Optical Society of America.

  19. Scaling Up: Kilolumen Solid-State Lighting Exceeding 100 LPW via Remote Phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Waqidi Falicoff

    2008-09-15

    similar light bulbs. In Phase II several new reflective remote phosphor systems were developed and patents applied for. This research included the development of reflective systems in which the short-pass filter operated at a nominal incidence angle of 15{sup o}, a major advancement of this technology. Another goal of the project was to show that it is possible to align multiple optics to multiple LEDs (spaced apart for better thermal management) to within an accuracy in the z-direction of 10 microns or less. This goal was achieved. A further goal was to show it is possible to combine and homogenize the output from multiple LEDs without any flux loss or significant increase in etendue. This goal also was achieved. The following color-coded computer drawing of the Phase 2 reflective remote phosphor prototype gives an idea of the accuracy challenges encountered in such an assembly. The actual setup has less functional clarity due to the numerous items of auxiliary equipment involved. Not only did 10 degrees of freedoms alignment have to be supplied to the LEDs and component prisms as well, but there were also micro-titrating glue dispensers and vacuum hoses. The project also utilized a recently introduced high-index glass, available in small customized prisms. This prototype also embodies a significant advance in thin-film design, by which an unprecedented 98% single-pass efficiency was attained over a 30 degree range of incidence angle (Patents Pending). Such high efficiency is especially important since it applies to the blue light going to the phosphor and then again to the phosphor's light, so that the 'system' efficiency associated with short-pass filter was 95.5%. Other losses have to be kept equally small, towards which a new type of ultra-clear injection-moldable acrylic was discovered and used to make ultra-transparent CPC optics. Several transmissive remote phosphor prototypes were manufactured that could replace screw-in type incandescent bulbs

  20. A study on the photographic characteristics related to the morphology of phosphor layers in the ca wo4 and gd2o2s : Tb screen

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, In Ja; Huh, Joon

    1993-01-01

    Recently, various screen film system have been introduced in diagnostic radiology. There are two kinds of screen film system : blue emitting Ca WO 4 screen has been largely used in these days. However, it tends to be changed to use green emitting Gd 2 O 2 S : Tb screen. In this study, photographic characteristics of Ca WO 4 , and Gd 2 O 2 S : Tb screen were investigated with luminescence, spectroscopy. The morphology of Ca WO 4 , and Gd 2 O 2 S : Tb were also observed by using scanning electron microscope. The result obtained were as follows: 1. There was small difference in the thickness of phosphor layers for the front and back screen of blue emitting system, but little difference in those of green emitting system. 2. There was no difference in the size of phosphor particles between the front and back screen for each screen. However, the particle size was different for the various kinds of screens. 3. The shape of phosphor particle was round with many faces for all the screens. 4. In the exposure of X - ray with the same intensity, luminescent intensity of a green emitting system was 6∼7 times larger than that of a blue emitting system. 5. The thickness of phosphor layers does not affect on the sensitivity of the screens exposed by X - ray

  1. Thermographic Non-Destructive Evaluation for Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hai Zhang

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Natural fibers, including mineral and plant fibers, are increasingly used for polymer composite materials due to their low environmental impact. In this paper, thermographic non-destructive inspection techniques were used to evaluate and characterize basalt, jute/hemp and bagasse fibers composite panels. Different defects were analyzed in terms of impact damage, delaminations and resin abnormalities. Of particular interest, homogeneous particleboards of sugarcane bagasse, a new plant fiber material, were studied. Pulsed phase thermography and principal component thermography were used as the post-processing methods. In addition, ultrasonic C-scan and continuous wave terahertz imaging were also carried out on the mineral fiber laminates for comparative purposes. Finally, an analytical comparison of different methods was given.

  2. White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using (oxy)nitride phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie, R-J; Hirosaki, N; Sakuma, K; Kimura, N

    2008-01-01

    (Oxy)nitride phosphors have attracted great attention recently because they are promising luminescent materials for phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This paper reports the luminescent properties of (oxy)nitride phosphors in the system of M-Si-Al-O-N (M = Li, Ca or Sr), and optical properties of white LEDs using a GaN-based blue LED and (oxy)nitride phosphors. The phosphors show high conversion efficiency of blue light, suitable emission colours and small thermal quenching. The bichromatic white LEDs exhibit high luminous efficacy (∼55 lm W -1 ) and the multi-phosphor converted white LEDs show high colour rendering index (Ra 82-95). The results indicate that (oxy)nitride phosphors demonstrate their superior suitability to use as down-conversion luminescent materials in white LEDs

  3. Integrating photo-stimulable phosphor plates into dental and dental hygiene radiography curricula.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tax, Cara L; Robb, Christine L; Brillant, Martha G S; Doucette, Heather J

    2013-11-01

    It is not known whether the integration of photo-stimulable phosphor (PSP) plates into dental and dental hygiene curricula creates unique learning challenges for students. The purpose of this two-year study was to determine if dental hygiene students had more and/or different types of errors when using PSP plates compared to film and whether the PSP imaging plates had any particular characteristics that needed to be addressed in the learning process. Fifty-nine first-year dental hygiene students at one Canadian dental school were randomly assigned to two groups (PSP or film) before exposing their initial full mouth series on a teaching manikin using the parallel technique. The principal investigator determined the number and types of errors based on a specific set of performance criteria. The two groups (PSP vs. film) were compared for total number and type of errors made. Results of the study indicated the difference in the total number of errors made using PSP or film was not statistically significant; however, there was a difference in the types of errors made, with the PSP group having more horizontal errors than the film group. In addition, the study identified a number of unique characteristics of the PSP plates that required special consideration for teaching this technology.

  4. [Change traits of phosphorous consumption structure in China and their effects on environmental phosphorous loads].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ma, Dun-Chao; Hu, Shan-Ying; Chen, Ding-Jiang; Li, You-Run

    2012-04-01

    Substance flow analysis was used to construct a model to analyze change traits of China's phosphorous (P) consumption structure from 1980 to 2008 and their influences on environmental phosphorous loads, then the correlation between several socioeconomic factors and phosphorous consumption pollution was investigated. It is found that phosphorous nutrient inputs of urban life and rural life on a per capita level climbed to 1.20 kg x a(-1) and 0.99 kg x a(-1) from 0.83 kg x a(-1) and 0.75 kg x a(-1) respectively, but phosphorous recycling ratios of urban life fell to 15.6% from 62.6%. P inputs of animal husbandry and planting also kept increasing, but the recycling ratio of the former decreased from 67.5% to 40.5%, meanwhile much P input of the latter was left in agricultural soil. Correlation coefficients were all above 0.90, indicating that population, urbanization level, development levels of planting and animal husbandry were important incentives for P consumption pollution in China. Environmental Kuznets curve showed that China still stayed in the early development stage, promoting economic growth at an expense of environmental quality. This study demonstrates that China's P consumption system is being transformed into a linear and open structure, and that P nutrient loss and environmental P loads increase continually.

  5. Characterization of Photovoltaic Panels by means of Thermograph Analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Noe Samano

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Solar panels have become attractive in order to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Their increased module efficiencies have caused not only a massive production but also a sensible drop on sale prices. Methods of characterization, instrumentation for in situ measurements, defect monitoring, process control, and performance are required. A temperature characterization method by means of thermograph analysis is exposed in this paper. The method was applied to multicrystalline modules, and the characterization was made with respect to two different variables, first a thermal transient and second a characterization with respect to the current. The method is useful in order to detect hot spots caused by mismatch conditions in electrical parameters. The description, results, and limitations of the proposed method are discussed.

  6. Luminescence Characteristics of ZnGa2O4 Thick Film Doped with Mn2+ and Cr3+ at Various Sintering Temperatures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cha, Jae Hyeok; Kim, Kyung Hwan; Park, Yong Seo; Kwon, Sang Jik; Choi, Hyung Wook

    2007-10-01

    ZnGa2O4 phosphor separately doped with Mn2+ and Cr3+ was synthesized by solid-state reaction, and thick films were deposited by screen printing. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of ZnGa2O4 phosphor thick films show a (311) main peak and a spinal phase. Uniform distribution and filled morphology of the doped ZnGa2O4 phosphor thick films were formed at the sintering temperature of 1100 °C. The CL spectrum of Mn2+-doped ZnGa2O4 shows the main peak of 512 nm green emission with the 4T1→6A1 transition of Mn2+ ions and the CL spectrum of Cr3+-doped ZnGa2O4 shows the main peak of 716 nm red emission with the 2E→4A2 transition of Cr3+ ions.

  7. Effects of a magnetic field on growth of porous alumina films on aluminum

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ispas, Adriana; Bund, Andreas [Technische Universitaet Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, 01062 Dresden (Germany); Vrublevsky, Igor, E-mail: vrublevsky@bsuir.edu.b [Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Minsk, Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, 220013 Minsk (Belarus)

    2010-05-01

    The effects induced by a magnetic field on the oxide film growth on aluminum in sulfuric, oxalic, phosphoric and sulfamic acid, and on current transients during re-anodizing of porous alumina films in the barrier-type electrolyte, were studied. Aluminum films of 100 nm thickness were prepared by thermal evaporation on Si wafer substrates. We could show that the duration of the anodizing process increased by 33% during anodizing in sulfuric acid when a magnetic field was applied (0.7 T), compared to the process without a magnetic field. Interestingly, such a magnetic field effect was not found during anodizing in oxalic and sulfamic acid. The pore intervals were decreased by ca. 17% in oxalic acid. These findings were attributed to variations in electronic properties of the anodic oxide films formed in various electrolytes and interpreted on the basis of the influence of trapped electrons on the mobility of ions migrating during the film growth. The spin dependent tunneling of electrons into the surface layer of the oxide under the magnetic field could be responsible for the shifts of the current transients to lower potentials during re-anodizing of heat-treated oxalic and phosphoric acid alumina films.

  8. High Efficiency Colloidal Quantum Dot Phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kahen, Keith

    2013-12-31

    The project showed that non-Cd containing, InP-based nanocrystals (semiconductor materials with dimensions of ~6 nm) have high potential for enabling next-generation, nanocrystal-based, on chip phosphors for solid state lighting. Typical nanocrystals fall short of the requirements for on chip phosphors due to their loss of quantum efficiency under the operating conditions of LEDs, such as, high temperature (up to 150 °C) and high optical flux (up to 200 W/cm2). The InP-based nanocrystals invented during this project maintain high quantum efficiency (>80%) in polymer-based films under these operating conditions for emission wavelengths ranging from ~530 to 620 nm. These nanocrystals also show other desirable attributes, such as, lack of blinking (a common problem with nanocrystals which limits their performance) and no increase in the emission spectral width from room to 150 °C (emitters with narrower spectral widths enable higher efficiency LEDs). Prior to these nanocrystals, no nanocrystal system (regardless of nanocrystal type) showed this collection of properties; in fact, other nanocrystal systems are typically limited to showing only one desirable trait (such as high temperature stability) but being deficient in other properties (such as high flux stability). The project showed that one can reproducibly obtain these properties by generating a novel compositional structure inside of the nanomaterials; in addition, the project formulated an initial theoretical framework linking the compositional structure to the list of high performance optical properties. Over the course of the project, the synthetic methodology for producing the novel composition was evolved to enable the synthesis of these nanomaterials at a cost approximately equal to that required for forming typical conventional nanocrystals. Given the above results, the last major remaining step prior to scale up of the nanomaterials is to limit the oxidation of these materials during the tens of

  9. Re-processing CRT phosphors for mercury-free applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dexpert-Ghys, Jeannette; Regnier, Sophie; Canac, Sophie; Beaudette, Tristan; Guillot, Philippe; Caillier, Bruno; Mauricot, Robert; Navarro, Julien; Sekhri, Salem

    2009-01-01

    This study is part of an operation in the framework of treatment and revalorization of IEEE (Informatics, Electronics and related) wastes. It aims to recover the active phosphors in cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and to re-cycle these powders by appropriate treatments as phosphors for mercury-free applications such as plasma display panels, flat lamps, advertising and lighting. The studied waste comes from a large panel of CRTs from any supplier. Several thermo-chemical treatments have been investigated. The removal of zinc sulfide-based phosphors and the recovery of a red phosphor Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ has been achieved by one (basic attack) route. The photoluminescence efficiency under VUV excitation of the obtained powders is at most 30% that of a commercial phosphor. The second route (acid attack) appears less promising. It has been established that silicate-based impurities could prevent isolating the yttrium based phosphor.

  10. Re-processing CRT phosphors for mercury-free applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dexpert-Ghys, Jeannette, E-mail: jdexpert@cemes.f [CEMES, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4 (France); Regnier, Sophie; Canac, Sophie [ICAM, 75 avenue de Grande Bretagne, 31300 Toulouse (France); Beaudette, Tristan; Guillot, Philippe; Caillier, Bruno [DPHE, Universite Jean Francois Champollion, place de Verdun, 81012 Albi cedex 9 (France); Mauricot, Robert; Navarro, Julien [CEMES, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4 (France); Sekhri, Salem [ENVOI, Cheminement Glueck, 31100 Toulouse (France)

    2009-12-15

    This study is part of an operation in the framework of treatment and revalorization of IEEE (Informatics, Electronics and related) wastes. It aims to recover the active phosphors in cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and to re-cycle these powders by appropriate treatments as phosphors for mercury-free applications such as plasma display panels, flat lamps, advertising and lighting. The studied waste comes from a large panel of CRTs from any supplier. Several thermo-chemical treatments have been investigated. The removal of zinc sulfide-based phosphors and the recovery of a red phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} has been achieved by one (basic attack) route. The photoluminescence efficiency under VUV excitation of the obtained powders is at most 30% that of a commercial phosphor. The second route (acid attack) appears less promising. It has been established that silicate-based impurities could prevent isolating the yttrium based phosphor.

  11. Modeling granular phosphor screens by Monte Carlo methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liaparinos, Panagiotis F.; Kandarakis, Ioannis S.; Cavouras, Dionisis A.; Delis, Harry B.; Panayiotakis, George S.

    2006-01-01

    The intrinsic phosphor properties are of significant importance for the performance of phosphor screens used in medical imaging systems. In previous analytical-theoretical and Monte Carlo studies on granular phosphor materials, values of optical properties, and light interaction cross sections were found by fitting to experimental data. These values were then employed for the assessment of phosphor screen imaging performance. However, it was found that, depending on the experimental technique and fitting methodology, the optical parameters of a specific phosphor material varied within a wide range of values, i.e., variations of light scattering with respect to light absorption coefficients were often observed for the same phosphor material. In this study, x-ray and light transport within granular phosphor materials was studied by developing a computational model using Monte Carlo methods. The model was based on the intrinsic physical characteristics of the phosphor. Input values required to feed the model can be easily obtained from tabulated data. The complex refractive index was introduced and microscopic probabilities for light interactions were produced, using Mie scattering theory. Model validation was carried out by comparing model results on x-ray and light parameters (x-ray absorption, statistical fluctuations in the x-ray to light conversion process, number of emitted light photons, output light spatial distribution) with previous published experimental data on Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb phosphor material (Kodak Min-R screen). Results showed the dependence of the modulation transfer function (MTF) on phosphor grain size and material packing density. It was predicted that granular Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb screens of high packing density and small grain size may exhibit considerably better resolution and light emission properties than the conventional Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb screens, under similar conditions (x-ray incident energy, screen thickness)

  12. Uranium recovery from wet-process phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    McCullough, J.F.; Phillips, J.F. Jr.; Tate, L.R.

    1979-01-01

    A method of recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid is claimed where the acid is treated with a mixture of an ammonium salt or ammonia, a reducing agent, and then a miscible solvent. Solids are separated from the phosphoric acid liquid phase. The solid consists of a mixture of metal phosphates and uranium. It is washed free of adhering phosphoric acid with fresh miscible solvent. The solid is dried and dissolved in acid whereupon uranium is recovered from the solution. Miscible solvent and water are distilled away from the phosphoric acid. The distillate is rectified and water discarded. All miscible solvent is recovered for recycle. 5 claims

  13. Phosphor thermometry: On the synthesis and characterisation of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu (YAG:Eu) and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu (YAP:Eu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kissel, T. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Brübach, J., E-mail: bruebach@ekt.tu-darmstadt.de [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Euler, M. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Frotscher, M.; Litterscheid, C.; Albert, B. [Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 18, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Dreizler, A. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Strömungen und Messtechnik (RSM), Center of Smart Interfaces (CSI), Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstraße 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)

    2013-07-15

    With regard to phosphor thermometry, the materials Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu (YAG:Eu) and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu (YAP:Eu) were synthesised and characterised in order to substitute the commonly used thermographic phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu, whose temperature sensitive luminescence lifetime exhibits a strong and most often undesirable cross-sensitivity to the oxygen concentration of the surrounding gas phase. The synthesis is outlined in detail and the crystallographic structure was characterised by X-ray diffraction. In a second step, the luminescence properties following pulsed UV laser excitation were determined. In this context, the emission spectra and the temperature lifetime characteristics were monitored. For Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu, temperature sensitive ranges of 1000 K–1470 K and 850 K–1300 K were identified. Contrary to Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu, both materials do show much lower cross-sensitivities to the oxygen concentration of the surrounding gas phase. - Highlights: ► Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5}O{sub 12}:Eu and YAlO{sub 3}:Eu were synthesised and characterised. ► The synthesis is outlined and the crystallographic structure was characterised. ► Emission spectra and the temperature lifetime characteristics were monitored. ► Compared to Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu lower sensitivities to the oxyg. conc. of the gas phase emerged.

  14. Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide with a long-range order and tunable cell sizes by phosphoric acid anodization on pre-patterned substrates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Surawathanawises, Krissada; Cheng, Xuanhong

    2014-01-01

    Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has been explored for various applications due to its regular cell arrangement and relatively easy fabrication processes. However, conventional two-step anodization based on self-organization only allows the fabrication of a few discrete cell sizes and formation of small domains of hexagonally packed pores. Recent efforts to pre-pattern aluminum followed with anodization significantly improve the regularity and available pore geometries in AAO, while systematic study of the anodization condition, especially the impact of acid composition on pore formation guided by nanoindentation is still lacking. In this work, we pre-patterned aluminium thin films using ordered monolayers of silica beads and formed porous AAO in a single-step anodization in phosphoric acid. Controllable cell sizes ranging from 280 nm to 760 nm were obtained, matching the diameters of the silica nanobead molds used. This range of cell size is significantly greater than what has been reported for AAO formed in phosphoric acid in the literature. In addition, the relationships between the acid concentration, cell size, pore size, anodization voltage and film growth rate were studied quantitatively. The results are consistent with the theory of oxide formation through an electrochemical reaction. Not only does this study provide useful operational conditions of nanoindentation induced anodization in phosphoric acid, it also generates significant information for fundamental understanding of AAO formation. PMID:24535886

  15. Phosphorous-Containing Polymers for Regenerative Medicine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watson, Brendan M.; Kasper, F. Kurtis; Mikos, Antonios G.

    2014-01-01

    Disease and injury have resulted in a large, unmet need for functional tissue replacements. Polymeric scaffolds can be used to deliver cells and bioactive signals to address this need for regenerating damaged tissue. Phosphorous-containing polymers have been implemented to improve and accelerate the formation of native tissue both by mimicking the native role of phosphorous groups in the body and by attachment of other bioactive molecules. This manuscript reviews the synthesis, properties, and performance of phosphorous-containing polymers that can be useful in regenerative medicine applications. PMID:24565855

  16. Preparation of high purification and food grade phosphoric acid from technical grade phosphoric acid by liquid-liquid detraction method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alimoradi, M.; Borji, F.; Kishani, A.

    2002-01-01

    Pay attention to increasing consumption of high purification and food grade phosphoric acid in various industries and food industries and on in on hand and lack of preparation between production and distribution of this products its purification is so vital. In this article of liquid-liquid extraction method with normal hexane-mixture of ammonia and acetone-diisopropyl alcohol and normal butanol solvents and these determination of distribution coefficient each one with ph-me try titration we can evaluate effectiveness and sufficiency each one. Because of proper coefficient distribution and its local production of normal butanol solvent and low price is the best solvent. To phosphoric acid modifying coefficient distribution for extraction of phosphoric acid we can add a little value sulfuric acid to the mixture and to remove flouride impurity we add a little Na 2 O. After extraction stage extracted phosphoric acid in the normal strips by evaluating with distilled water and then by passing the carbon active bed and following passes of cationic resine column and concentrated with vacuum distillation. Conclusion of this article is produce of phosphoric acid 85% w/w and food grade from impure phosphoric acid 52% w/w with technical grade

  17. Influencial factors in thermographic analysis in substations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zarco-Periñán, Pedro J.; Martínez-Ramos, José L.

    2018-05-01

    Thermography is one of the best predictive maintenance tools available due to its low cost, fast implementation and effectiveness of the results obtained. The detected hot spots enable serious incidents to be prevented, both in the facilities and equipment where they have been located. In accordance with the criticality of such points, the repair is carried out with greater or lesser urgency. However, for detection to remain reliable, the facility must meet a set of requirements that are normally assumed, otherwise hot spots cannot be detected correctly and will subsequently cause unwanted defects. This paper analyses three aspects that influence the reliability of the results obtained: the minimum percentage of load that a circuit must contain in order to be able to locate all the hot spots therein; the minimum waiting time from when an item of equipment or facility is energized until a thermographic inspection can be carried out with a complete guarantee of hot spot detection; and the influence on the generation of hot spots exerted by the tightening torque realized in the assembly process.

  18. Effect of Phosphoric Acid Concentration on the Optical Properties of Partially Phosphorylated PVA Complexes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Asmalina Mohamed Saat

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Partially phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PPVA films were prepared at five mole ratios of phosphoric acid (PA using solution casting technique. The optical properties of the PPVA films were examined using UV-visible (UV and photoluminescence (PL spectroscopy. The UV absorption spectra reveal that the absorption peaks are blue-shifted with an increase in PA concentration added to the pure PVA. The PL spectra show the presence of peaks which are characteristic of isotactic (389–398, 460–462 nm, syndiotactic (418–420 nm, and atactic (440–446 nm configurations of the PPVA. The results also show the peak of O–P–O bonding at a wavelength range of 481–489 nm.

  19. Pretreatment of industrial phosphoric acid by Algerian filter-aids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mellah, A.; Setti, Louisa; Chegrouche, Salah

    1993-01-01

    The present work involves the filtration of industrial phosphoric acid by different filter-aids such as kieselguhr, celite and bleaching clay. The retention of substances contained in wet phosphoric acid was determined using the three filter-aids. Thus, the phosphoric acid, obtained by filtration on kieselguhr has the same specifications as technical phosphoric acid produced by Rhone-Poulenc (France) as standard

  20. Uranium extraction from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo Figueiredo, C. de

    1984-01-01

    The recovery of uranium from phosphoric liquor by two extraction process is studied. First, uranium is reduced to tetravalent condition and is extracted by dioctypyrophosphoric acid. The re-extraction is made by concentrated phosphoric acid with an oxidizing agent. The re-extract is submitted to the second process and uranium is extracted by di-ethylhexilphosphoric acid and trioctylphosphine oxide. (M.A.C.) [pt

  1. Phosphate Phosphors for Solid-State Lighting

    CERN Document Server

    Shinde, Kartik N; Swart, H C; Park, Kyeongsoon

    2012-01-01

    The idea for this book arose out of the realization that, although excellent surveys and a phosphor handbook are available, there is no single source covering the area of phosphate based phosphors especially for lamp industry. Moreover, as this field gets only limited attention in most general books on luminescence, there is a clear need for a book in which attention is specifically directed toward this rapidly growing field of solid state lighting and its many applications. This book is aimed at providing a sound introduction to the synthesis and optical characterization of phosphate phosphor for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers and researchers. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary field of solid state lighting specially phosphate phosphors for beginners, scientists and engineers from universities, research organizations, and especially industry. In order to make it useful for a wide audience, both fundamentals and applications are discussed, together.

  2. X-ray investigation of phosphors for black-white television

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lazowy, B.

    1975-01-01

    The investigations of phosphors made by means of the powder diffraction method are presented. The diffraction patterns has been obtained by means of the DRON-1 diffractometer, using the Ksub(α) copper radiation and a nickel filter. Reflex intensity was estimated, indexing was made and lattice constants for particular structure types were calculated. The objects of the investigations were the phosphors from various firms of white luminescence and home phosphors of white, blue and yellow luminescence. On the base of the results it was found that all investigated phosphors of yellow luminescence belonged to the hexagonal system. These phosphors, depending on baking conditions, have structure of regular symmetry. The phosphors of white luminescence are a mixture of hexagonal and regular phase and any changes in elementary cell sizes were not observed. All phosphors of white luminescence have analogous structure, positions of all reflexes are identical, negligible differences in their intensities occur only, which proves somewhat different arrangement of atoms in mixed crystals. (author)

  3. Pretreatment of phosphoric acid for uranium recovery by the wet phosphoric acid process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chern, S.L.P.; Chen, Y.C.L.; Chang, S.S.H.; Kuo, T.S.; Ting, G.C.M.

    1980-01-01

    The proposal deals with reprocessing of phosphoric acid arising from uranium separation according to the wet phosphoric acid process and being intended for recycling. In detail, the sludge will be removed by means of an inclined separating device containing corrugated plates, then the organic impurities are washed out with kerosene in suitable facilities, and the crude phase remaining in the settling tank will be separated from the kerosene in a separating centrifuge. The method has only got low cost of installation. (UWI) [de

  4. Thermographic method for evaluation of thermal influence of exterior surface colour of buildings

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yanpeng; Li, Deying; Jin, Rendong; Liu, Li; Bai, Jiabin; Feng, Jianming

    2008-12-01

    Architecture colour is an important part in urban designing. It directly affects the expressing and the thermal effect of exterior surface of buildings. It has proved that four factors affect the sign visibility, graphics, colour, lighting condition and age of the observers, and colour is the main aspect. The best method is to prevent the exterior space heating up in the first place, by reflecting heat away room the exterior surface.The colour of paint to coat building's exterior wall can have a huge impact on energy efficiency. While the suitable colour is essential to increasing the energy efficiency of paint colour during the warm summer months, those products also help paint colour efficiency and reduce heat loss from buildings during winter months making the interior more comfortable all year long. The article is based on analyzing the importance of architecture color design and existing urban colour design. The effect of external surface colour on the thermal behaviour of a building has been studied experimentally by Infrared Thermographic method in University of Science and technology Beijing insummer.The experimental results showed that different colour has quietly different thermal effect on the exterior surface of buildings. The thermal effect of carmine and fawn has nearly the same values. The main factor which is color express, give some suggest ting about urban color design. The investigation reveals that the use of suitable surface colour can dramatically reduce maximum the temperatures of the exterior wall. Keywords: architectural colour, thermal, thermographic

  5. Effect of Different Tube Potential Settings on Caries Detection using PSP Plate and Conventional Film.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Melo, Daniela Pita; Cruz, Adriana Dibo; Melo, Saulo Leonardo Sousa; De Farias, Julyanna Filgueiras GonçAlves; Haiter-Neto, Francisco; De Almeida, Solange Maria

    2015-04-01

    To compare intraoral Phosphor Stimulable Plate digital system and intraoral film using different tube settings on incipient proximal caries detection. Five blocks, with five teeth each, were radiographically examined using phosphor plates and F-speed films. The images were acquired in 07 different tube potentials from 50-80 kV. The films were digitized. Three oral radiologists scored the images for the presence of caries using a 5-point rating scale. The areas under ROC curve were calculated. The influence of tube kilovoltage was verified by ANOVA and pair wise comparisons performed using Tukey test. Mean ROC curve areas varied from 0.446-0.628 for digital images and 0.494-0.559 for conventional images. The tube setting of 70 kV presented the best result both for digital and conventional images. Considering the image type separately, 70 kV scored highest followed by 75 and 65 kV for digital images (p=0.084). For conventional image modality, even though 70 kV presented the best result, it did not differ significantly from 80 kV, not differing from 60 and 55 kV, which did not differ from 75, 65 and 50 kV (p=0.53). Phosphor plate digital images seem to be more susceptible to tube setting potential variations then digitized film images.

  6. Effect of Different Tube Potential Settings on Caries Detection using PSP Plate and Conventional Film

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cruz, Adriana Dibo; Melo, Saulo Leonardo Sousa; De Farias, Julyanna Filgueiras GonçAlves; Haiter-Neto, Francisco; De Almeida, Solange Maria

    2015-01-01

    Purpose To compare intraoral Phosphor Stimulable Plate digital system and intraoral film using different tube settings on incipient proximal caries detection. Materials and Methods Five blocks, with five teeth each, were radiographically examined using phosphor plates and F-speed films. The images were acquired in 07 different tube potentials from 50-80 kV. The films were digitized. Three oral radiologists scored the images for the presence of caries using a 5-point rating scale. The areas under ROC curve were calculated. The influence of tube kilovoltage was verified by ANOVA and pair wise comparisons performed using Tukey test. Results Mean ROC curve areas varied from 0.446-0.628 for digital images and 0.494–0.559 for conventional images. The tube setting of 70 kV presented the best result both for digital and conventional images. Considering the image type separately, 70 kV scored highest followed by 75 and 65 kV for digital images (p=0.084). For conventional image modality, even though 70 kV presented the best result, it did not differ significantly from 80 kV, not differing from 60 and 55 kV, which did not differ from 75, 65 and 50 kV (p=0.53). Conclusion Phosphor plate digital images seem to be more susceptible to tube setting potential variations then digitized film images. PMID:26023645

  7. Compact fluorescent lamp phosphors in accidental radiation monitoring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murthy, K. V. R.; Pallavi, S. P.; Ghildiyal, R.; Parmar, M. C.; Patel, Y. S.; Ravi Kumar, V.; Sai Prasad, A. S.; Natarajan, V.; Page, A. G.

    2006-01-01

    The application of lamp phosphors for accidental dosimetry is a new concept. Since the materials used in fluorescent lamps are good photo luminescent materials, if one can either use the inherent defects present in the phosphor or add suitable modifiers to induce thermoluminescence (TL) in these phosphors, then the device (fluorescent lamp) can be used as an accidental dosemeter. In continuation of our search for a suitable phosphor material, which can serve both as an efficient lamp phosphor and as a good radiation monitoring device, detailed examination has been carried out on cerium and terbium-doped lanthanum phosphate material. A 90 Sr beta source with 50 mCi strength (1.85 GBq) was used as the irradiation source for TL studies. The TL response as a function of dose received was examined for all phosphors used and it was observed that the intensity of the TL peak vs. dose received was a linear function in the dose range 0.1-200 Gy in each case. Incidentally LaPO 4 :Ce,Tb is a component of the compact fluorescent lamp marketed recently as an energy bright light source. Besides having very good luminescence efficiency, good dosimetric properties of these phosphors render them useful for their use in accidental dosimetry also. (authors)

  8. [Conventional radiology, digital radiology with photostimulable phosphor, laser digitalization of thoracic radiographic films at the bedside. A comparative study].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miceli, M; Stamati, R; Burci, P; Guidarelli, G; Sartoni Galloni, S

    1992-10-01

    The bedside chest images obtained with conventional radiology and with "on line" and "off line" digital modalities were compared to evaluate the respective capabilities in visualizing chest anatomical structures. Seventy patients were submitted to bedside chest examinations with a portable unit; both a conventional film and a digital system (PCR Graphics 1, Philips) with photostimulable phosphor imaging plate were fitted in the radiographic cassette. The former was digitized using an "off line" laser beam unit (FD 2000, Dupont); the latter was subsequently postprocessed by modifying contrast, optical density and spatial frequencies. Thus, 4 different viewing modalities were obtained for each examination: a) conventional radiography; b) standard digital radiography; c) postprocessed digital radiography; d) digitized conventional radiography. Detectability rates of chest anatomical structures were analyzed by 4 independent radiologists on the different images and expressed by a score 1-4. The values were always higher with digital modalities than with the conventional one and the differences were statistically significant (Student's t-test modified by Bonferroni). In particular, the greatest difference was found between c) and a) in retrocardiac lung parenchyma and in skeletal structures, in favour of c). Concerning the comparative adequacy of the various digital modalities, higher detectability rates of chest anatomical structures were obtained with c), but also with b), than with d).

  9. High efficiency nitride based phosphores for white LEDs

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Li, Yuan Qiang; Hintzen, H.T.J.M.

    2008-01-01

    In this overview paper, novel rare-earth doped silicon nitride based phosphors for white LEDs applications have been demonstrated. The luminescence properties of orange-red-emitting phosphors (M2Si5N8:Eu2+) and green-to-yellow emitting phosphors (MSi2N2O2:Eu2+, M = Ca, Sr, Ba) are discussed in

  10. Tm3+ activated lanthanum phosphate: a blue PDP phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rao, R.P.

    2005-01-01

    Plasma display panels (PDPs) are gaining attention due to their high performance and scalability as a medium for large format TVs. The performance and life of a PDP strongly depends upon the nature of phosphors. Currently, Eu 2+ activated barium magnesium aluminate (BAM) is being used as a blue component. Because of its low life, efforts are being made to explore new blue emitting phosphors. One of the alternatives to BAM is Tm 3+ activated lanthanum phosphate (LPTM) phosphor. LPTM phosphor samples are prepared by a solid-state as well as sol-gel process in presence of flux. The phosphor of the present investigation, having uniform and spherical shape particles in the range of 0.1-2 μm, is appropriate for thin phosphor screens required for PDP applications. It exhibits a narrow band emission in the blue region, peaking at 452 nm and also a number of narrow bands in the UV region when excited by 147 and 173 nm radiation from a xenon gas mixture. Various possible transitions responsible for UV and visible emission from Tm 3+ ion are presented. These phosphors also exhibit good color saturation and better stability when excited with VUV radiation. To achieve higher brightness, they are blended with other UV excited blue emitting phosphors such as BAM. Results related to morphology, excitation, after glow decay, emission and degradation of these phosphors in the powder form as well as in plasma display panels are presented and discussed

  11. Method of recovering phosphoric acid type decontaminating electrolytes by electrodeposition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sasaki, Takashi; Wada, Koichi; Kobayashi, Toshio.

    1985-01-01

    Purpose: To recoving phosphoric acid type highly concentrated decontaminating liquid used for the electrolytic decontamination of contaminated equipments, components, etc in nuclear power plants or the like through electrodeposition by diaphragm electrolysis. Method: Before supplying phosphoric acid decontaminating liquid at high concentration used in the electrolytic decontaminating step to an electrodeposition recovering tank, phosphoric acid in the decontaminating electrolyte is extracted with solvents and decomposed liquid extracts (electrolyte reduced with the phosphoric acid component) are supplied to the cathode chamber of the electrodeposition recovering tank, where phosphoric acid is back-extracted with water from the solvents after extraction of phosphoric acid. Then, the back-extracted liquids (aqueous phosphoric acid solution scarcely containing metal ions) are sent to the anode chamber of the electrodeposition recovering tank. Metal ions in the liquid are captured by electrodeposition in the cathode chamber, as well as phosphoric acid in the liquids is concentrated to the initial concentration of the electrolyte in the anode chamber for reuse as the decontaminating electrolyte. As the phosphoric acid extracting agent used in the electrodeposition recovering step for the decontaminating electrolyte, water-insoluble and non-combustible tributyl phosphate (TBP) is most effective. (Horiuchi, T.)

  12. A comparison of the imaging characteristics of the new Kodak Hyper Speed G film with the current T-MAT G/RA film and the CR 9000 system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Monnin, P; Gutierrez, D; Bulling, S; Lepori, D; Verdun, F R

    2005-10-07

    Three standard radiation qualities (RQA 3, RQA 5 and RQA 9) and two screens, Kodak Lanex Regular and Insight Skeletal, were used to compare the imaging performance and dose requirements of the new Kodak Hyper Speed G and the current Kodak T-MAT G/RA medical x-ray films. The noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detective quantum efficiencies (DQE) of the four screen-film combinations were measured at three gross optical densities and compared with the characteristics for the Kodak CR 9000 system with GP (general purpose) and HR (high resolution) phosphor plates. The new Hyper Speed G film has double the intrinsic sensitivity of the T-MAT G/RA film and a higher contrast in the high optical density range for comparable exposure latitude. By providing both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, the new film significantly improves the compromise between dose and image quality. As expected, the new film has a higher noise level and a lower signal-to-noise ratio than the standard film, although in the high frequency range this is compensated for by a better resolution, giving better DQE results--especially at high optical density. Both screen-film systems outperform the phosphor plates in terms of MTF and DQE for standard imaging conditions (Regular screen at RQA 5 and RQA 9 beam qualities). At low energy (RQA 3), the CR system has a comparable low-frequency DQE to screen-film systems when used with a fine screen at low and middle optical densities, and a superior low-frequency DQE at high optical density.

  13. A comparison of the imaging characteristics of the new Kodak Hyper Speed G film with the current T-MAT G/RA film and the CR 9000 system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Monnin, P [Institut universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquee (IRA), CH-1007 Lausanne (Switzerland); Gutierrez, D [Institut universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquee (IRA), CH-1007 Lausanne (Switzerland); Bulling, S [Institut universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquee (IRA), CH-1007 Lausanne (Switzerland); Lepori, D [Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center (CHUV), CH-1011 Lausanne (Switzerland); Verdun, F R [Institut universitaire de Radiophysique Appliquee (IRA), CH-1007 Lausanne (Switzerland)

    2005-10-07

    Three standard radiation qualities (RQA 3, RQA 5 and RQA 9) and two screens, Kodak Lanex Regular and Insight Skeletal, were used to compare the imaging performance and dose requirements of the new Kodak Hyper Speed G and the current Kodak T-MAT G/RA medical x-ray films. The noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) and detective quantum efficiencies (DQE) of the four screen-film combinations were measured at three gross optical densities and compared with the characteristics for the Kodak CR 9000 system with GP (general purpose) and HR (high resolution) phosphor plates. The new Hyper Speed G film has double the intrinsic sensitivity of the T-MAT G/RA film and a higher contrast in the high optical density range for comparable exposure latitude. By providing both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, the new film significantly improves the compromise between dose and image quality. As expected, the new film has a higher noise level and a lower signal-to-noise ratio than the standard film, although in the high frequency range this is compensated for by a better resolution, giving better DQE results-especially at high optical density. Both screen-film systems outperform the phosphor plates in terms of MTF and DQE for standard imaging conditions (Regular screen at RQA 5 and RQA 9 beam qualities). At low energy (RQA 3), the CR system has a comparable low-frequency DQE to screen-film systems when used with a fine screen at low and middle optical densities, and a superior low-frequency DQE at high optical density.

  14. Rare-earth doped phosphors: oldies or goldies?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moine, B.; Bizarri, G.

    2003-01-01

    The scientific research on phosphors has a long history starting more than 100 years ago. But recently the appearance of new kinds of displays and lighting devices (plasma display, fluorescent lamp without mercury, etc.) induced an increase of the research of new phosphors with better luminous efficiency than those available up to now. It has been shown that the behavior of 'classical' phosphors in a plasma display panel is quite different than in a cathode ray tube and that the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation process has to be studied with care in order to improve the phosphors efficiency. That is particularly true in PDPs. It is well established now that a good phosphor for electronic or ultraviolet excitation is not necessarily a good choice for excitation in VUV. This is probably due to the fact that the excitation process is very different in that case and also because the penetration depth of the VUV photons is extremely small inducing a large contribution of the surface of the phosphor. We will illustrate this with some examples. Methods to accelerate luminous intensity decrease under VUV excitation will be described. Low efficiency, fast aging process are both drawbacks that can be solved only in the framework of fundamental studies. Quantum cutting emission may be a solution for the first one but no satisfactory process was proposed for the moment to solve the second

  15. White-electroluminescent device with horizontally patterned blue/yellow phosphor-layer structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Won Park, Boo; Sik Choi, Nam; Won Park, Kwang; Mo Son, So; Kim, Jong Su; Kyun Shon, Pong

    2007-01-01

    White-electroluminescent (EL) devices with stripe-patterned and square-patterned phosphor-layer structures are fabricated through a screen printing method: electrode/BaTiO 3 insulator layer/patterned blue ZnS:Cu, Cl and yellow ZnS:Cu, Mn phosphor layer/ITO PET substrate. The luminous intensities of EL devices with stripe-patterned and square-patterned phosphor-layer structures are 33% and 23% higher than a conventional device with the phosphor-layer structure without any patterns using the phosphor blend. It can be explained in terms of the absorption of the emitted blue light of blue phosphor layer by the yellow-emitting phosphor layer. The EL device of our patterned phosphor-layer structure gives the possibility to enhance the luminance

  16. Photoluminescence of phosphors for PDP with VUV excitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, H.-C.; Chen, H.-K.; Tseng, T.-Y.; Kuo, W.-L.; Alam, M.S.; Cheng, B.-M.

    2005-01-01

    In a plasma display panel (PDP) He-Xe or Ne-Xe gaseous mixtures are subjected to electric discharge between two glass panels, so to generate VUV light. Red, green and blue phosphors absorb this VUV radiation and re-radiate the energy as visible light to produce the colors that appear on the screen. The phosphor plays an important role in the working of a PDP. To improve the efficiency of phosphors, we have established a photoluminescence end station coupled to the beam line of a synchrotron to study the luminescence of PDP phosphors. This luminescence is analyzed with a 0.32 m monochromator having maximum resolution 0.04 nm, and is monitored with a photomultiplier tube operated in a photon-counting mode. Preliminary data demonstrate the powerful performance of this end-station for studying PDP phosphors

  17. Evaluation of the udder health status in subclinical mastitis affected dairy cows through bacteriological culture, somatic cell count and thermographic imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bortolami, A; Fiore, E; Gianesella, M; Corrò, M; Catania, S; Morgante, M

    2015-01-01

    Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson's correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (pnegative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (pnegative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

  18. High Extraction Phosphors for Solid State Lighting

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Summers, Chris [Phosphortech Corporation, Kennesaw, GA (United States); Menkara, Hisham [Phosphortech Corporation, Kennesaw, GA (United States); Wagner, Brent [Phosphortech Corporation, Kennesaw, GA (United States)

    2011-09-01

    We have developed high-index, high efficiency bulk luminescent materials and novel nano-sized phosphors for improved solid-state white LED lamps. These advances can potentially contribute to reducing the loss in luminous efficiencies due to scattering, re-absorption, and thermal quenching. The bulk and nanostructured luminescent materials investigated are index matched to GaN and have broad and size-tunable absorption bands, size and impurity tuned emission bands, size-driven elimination of scattering effects, and a separation between absorption and emission bands. These innovations were accomplished through the use of novel synthesis techniques suitable for high volume production for LED lamp applications. The program produced a full-color set of high quantum yield phosphors with high chemical stability. In the bulk phosphor study, the ZnSeS:Cu,Ag phosphor was optimized to achieve >91% efficiency using erbium (Er) and other activators as sensitizers. Detailed analysis of temperature quenching effects on a large number of ZnSeS:Cu,Ag,X and strontium- and calcium-thiogallate phosphors lead to a breakthrough in the understanding of the anti-quenching behavior and a physical bandgap model was developed of this phenomena. In a follow up to this study, optimized phosphor blends for high efficiency and color performance were developed and demonstrated a 2-component phosphor system with good white chromaticity, color temperature, and high color rendering. By extending the protocols of quantum dot synthesis, large nanocrystals, greater than 20 nm in diameter were synthesized and exhibited bulk-like behavior and blue light absorption. The optimization of ZnSe:Mn nanophosphors achieved ~85% QE The limitations of core-shell nanocrystal systems were addressed by investigating alternative deltadoped structures. To address the manufacturability of these systems, a one-pot manufacturing protocol was developed for ZnSe:Mn nanophosphors. To enhance the stability of these material

  19. Electrolyte Additives for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gang, Xiao; Hjuler, H.A.; Olsen, C.A.

    1993-01-01

    , as a fuel-cell performance with the modified electrolytes. Specific conductivity measurements of some of the modified phosphoric acid electrolytes are reported. At a given temperature, the conductivity of the C4F9SO3K-modified electrolyte decreases with an increasing amount of the additive; the conductivity...... of the remains at the same value as the conductivity of the pure phosphoric acid. At a given composition, the conductivity of any modified electrolyte increases with temperature. We conclude that the improved cell performance for modified electrolytes is not due to any increase in conductivity.......Electrochemical characteristics of a series of modified phosphoric acid electrolytes containing fluorinated car on compounds and silicone fluids as additives are presented. When used in phosphoric acid fuel cells, the modified electrolytes improve the performance due to the enhanced oxygen...

  20. Thermographic and microscopic evaluation of LARS knee ligament tearing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pătraşcu, Jenel Marian; Amarandei, Mihaela; Kun, Karla Noemy; Borugă, Ovidiu; Totorean, Alina; Andor, Bogdan; Florescu, Sorin

    2014-01-01

    Damage to knee articular ligaments causes important functional problems and adversely affects particularly the stability of the knee joint. Several methods were developed in order to repair damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which employ autografts, allografts, as well as synthetic ligaments. One such synthetic scaffold, the ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) synthetic ligament is made of non-absorbing polyethylene terephthalate fibers whose structure allow tissue ingrowths in the intra-articular part, improving the stability of the joint. The LARS ligament is nowadays widely used in modern knee surgery in the Europe, Canada, China or Japan. This paper evaluates LARS ligament from two perspectives. The first regards a study done by the Orthopedics Clinic II, Timisoara, Romania, which compared results obtained by employing two techniques of ACL repair - the Bone-Tendon-Bone (BTB) or LARS arthroscopic, intra-articular techniques. This study found that patients treated with the BTB technique presented with an IKDC score of 45.82±1.14 units preoperative, with increasing values in the first nine months after each implant post-surgical ligament restoration, reaching an average value of 75.92 ± 2.88 units postoperative. Patients treated with the LARS technique presented with an IKDC score of 43.64 ± 1.11 units preoperative, and a score of 77.32 ± 2.71 units postoperative. The second perspective describes the thermographic and microscopic analysis of an artificial knee ligament tearing or loosening. The objective of the study was to obtain information regarding the design of artificial ligaments in order to expand their lifespan and avoid complications such as recurring synovitis, osteoarthritis and trauma of the knee joint. Thermographic data has shown that tearing begins from the inside out, thus improving the inner design of the ligament would probably enhance its durability. An optical microscope was employed to obtain images of structural

  1. Radioisotopic and thermographic imaging of the lower limbs oedema - comparison diagnostic techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stepien, A.; Pawlus, J.; Nowak, E.; Kulka, J.; Gielzycki, J.; Kraft, O.

    2005-01-01

    In this paper, authors achieved comparison between lymphoscintigraphy and thermography in patients with limbs oedema. It allow to determinate current role of lymphoscintigraphy and verify useful of thermography in limbs oedema diagnosis. Analysis included 60 patients with the lower limbs oedema. Each patients Doppler duplex scan and thermographic study was performed. Additionally, 10 patients were classified to the lymphoscintigraphy. Thermography: In studies camera ThermaCAM S60 (FLIR SYSTEM) were used. Infrared radiation detector was 320 x 240 uncooled microbolometers with thermal resolution - 0.08 o C (for 30 o C). Lymphoscintigraphy: Each patient received subcutaneous, in the second web space, Nanosis (schering) labeled 99m Tc. Dynamic data acquisition has been started immediately after injection the radiotracer to the both extremities using digital gamma camera X Ring (Mediso). Static study of whole body was performed after 1.5 hour. Thermal disorders were observed in 58 patients. On the base ultrasound and clinical examinations 10 patients were classified to lymphoscintigraphy. In this group in 5 cases traits lymphatic insufficient were observed. Thermographic study in group of patients with scintigraphic disorders was showed regional hypothermia, with small regions of hypothermia in tissues included oedema. Lymphoscintigraphy is a useful and indispensable tool in oedema diagnosis. In patients with insufficient of lymphatic system, thermography comparison to lymphoscintigraphy, in clinical diagnosis did not influence on the future diagnosis and therapeutics proceedings. Regional hyperthermic disorders in patients with limbs oedema, who had negative results of examinations (Doppler duplex scan and lymphoscintigraphy), could indicate on inflammatory complications. In cases of venous insufficient thermography allow to visualize specific venous disorders. (author)

  2. Process for winning uranium from wet process phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1980-01-01

    A process is described for winning uranium from wet process phosphoric acid by means of liquid-liquid extraction with organic phosphoric acid esters. The process is optimised by keeping the sulphate percentage in the phosphoric acid below 2% by weight, and preferably below 0.6% by weight, as compared to P 2 O 5 in the phosphoric acid. This is achieved by adding an excess of Ba and/or Ca carbonate or sulfide solution and filtering off the formed calcium and/or barium sulphate precipitates. Solid KClO 3 is then added to the filtrate to oxidise U 4+ to U 6+ . The normal extraction procedure using organic phosphoric esters as extraction liquid, can then be applied. (Th.P.)

  3. Growth of anodic oxide films on oxygen-containing niobium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Habazaki, H. [Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan)]. E-mail: habazaki@eng.hokudai.ac.jp; Ogasawara, T. [Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan); Konno, H. [Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan); Shimizu, K. [University Chemical Laboratory, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522 (Japan); Asami, K. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Saito, K. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Nagata, S. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Skeldon, P. [Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD (United Kingdom); Thompson, G.E. [Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD (United Kingdom)

    2005-09-20

    The present study is directed at understanding of the influence of oxygen in the metal on anodic film growth on niobium, using sputter-deposited niobium containing from about 0-52 at.% oxygen, with anodizing carried out at high efficiency in phosphoric acid electrolyte. The findings reveal amorphous anodic niobia films, with no significant effect of oxygen on the field strength, transport numbers, mobility of impurity species and capacitance. However, since niobium is partially oxidized due to presence of oxygen in the substrate, less charge is required to form the films, hence reducing the time to reach a particular film thickness and anodizing voltage. Further, the relative thickness of film material formed at the metal/film interface is increased by the incorporation of oxygen species into the films from the substrate, with an associated altered depth of incorporation of phosphorus species into the films.

  4. Assessment of lower extremity ischemia using smartphone thermographic imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter H. Lin, MD

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Conventional diagnostic modalities for assessing arterial circulation or tissue perfusion include blood pressure measurement, ultrasound evaluation, and contrast-based angiographic assessment. An infrared thermal camera can detect infrared radiation energy from the human body, which generates a thermographic image to allow tissue perfusion analysis. We describe a smartphone-based miniature thermal imaging system that can be used as an adjunctive imaging modality to assess tissue perfusion. This smartphone-based camera device is noninvasive, simple to use, and cost-effective in assessing patients with lower extremity tissue perfusion. Assessment of patients with lower extremity arterial ischemia can be performed by a variety of diagnostic modalities, including ankle-brachial index, absolute systolic ankle or toe pressure, transcutaneous oximetry, arterial Doppler waveform, arterial duplex ultrasound, computed tomography scan, arterial angiography, and thermal imaging. We herein describe a noninvasive imaging modality using smartphone-based infrared thermography.

  5. Nanoscale aluminum concaves for light-trapping in organic thin-films

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Goszczak, Arkadiusz Jaroslaw; Adam, Jost; Cielecki, Pawel Piotr

    2016-01-01

    Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, fabricated from oxalic acid and phosphoric acid, lead to non-periodic nanoscale concave structures in their underlying aluminum layer, which are investigated for their field-enhancement properties by applying a thin-film polymer coating based laser ablation...

  6. Phosphate phosphors for solid-state lighting

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shinde, Kartik N. [N.S. Science and Arts College, Bhadrawati (India). Dept. of Physics; Swart, H.C. [University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein (South Africa). Dept. of Physics; Dhoble, S.J. [R.T.M. Nagpur Univ. (India). Dept. of Physics; Park, Kyeongsoon [Sejong Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering

    2012-07-01

    Essential information for students in researchers working towards new and more efficient solid-state lighting. Comprehensive survey based on the authors' long experience. Useful both for teaching and reference. The idea for this book arose out of the realization that, although excellent surveys and a phosphor handbook are available, there is no single source covering the area of phosphate based phosphors especially for lamp industry. Moreover, as this field gets only limited attention in most general books on luminescence, there is a clear need for a book in which attention is specifically directed toward this rapidly growing field of solid state lighting and its many applications. This book is aimed at providing a sound introduction to the synthesis and optical characterization of phosphate phosphor for undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers and researchers. The book provides guidance through the multidisciplinary field of solid state lighting specially phosphate phosphors for beginners, scientists and engineers from universities, research organizations, and especially industry. In order to make it useful for a wide audience, both fundamentals and applications are discussed, together.

  7. A SrBPO5: Eu2+ phosphor for neutron imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakasai, K.; Katagiri, M.; Toh, K.; Nakamura, T.

    2001-01-01

    A SrBPO 5 : Eu 2+ phosphor material has been investigated for neutron imaging. This phosphor showed photostimulated luminescence (PSL) by illumination of 635 nm laser light after X-ray irradiation. The spectral characteristics of the phosphor were similar to those of BaFBr: Eu 2+ , which is a commonly used phosphor of imaging plates. In addition, we found that this phosphor also showed PSL for neutron irradiation. It comes from the fact that it contains atomic boron in base matrix. Therefore, this phosphor can be used for neutron imaging without adding neutron sensitive materials such as Gd in commercially available neutron imaging plates. The PSL intensity and the neutron detection will be increased by using enriched boron instead of natural boron. (author)

  8. Thermographic image analysis for classification of ACL rupture disease, bone cancer, and feline hyperthyroid, with Gabor filters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alvandipour, Mehrdad; Umbaugh, Scott E.; Mishra, Deependra K.; Dahal, Rohini; Lama, Norsang; Marino, Dominic J.; Sackman, Joseph

    2017-05-01

    Thermography and pattern classification techniques are used to classify three different pathologies in veterinary images. Thermographic images of both normal and diseased animals were provided by the Long Island Veterinary Specialists (LIVS). The three pathologies are ACL rupture disease, bone cancer, and feline hyperthyroid. The diagnosis of these diseases usually involves radiology and laboratory tests while the method that we propose uses thermographic images and image analysis techniques and is intended for use as a prescreening tool. Images in each category of pathologies are first filtered by Gabor filters and then various features are extracted and used for classification into normal and abnormal classes. Gabor filters are linear filters that can be characterized by the two parameters wavelength λ and orientation θ. With two different wavelength and five different orientations, a total of ten different filters were studied. Different combinations of camera views, filters, feature vectors, normalization methods, and classification methods, produce different tests that were examined and the sensitivity, specificity and success rate for each test were produced. Using the Gabor features alone, sensitivity, specificity, and overall success rates of 85% for each of the pathologies was achieved.

  9. Encapsulation of strontium aluminate phosphors to enhance water resistance and luminescence

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu Yong; Zeng Jianghua; Li Wenyu; Xu Li; Guan Qiu; Liu Yingliang

    2009-01-01

    Strontium aluminate SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ phosphors are chemically unstable against water or even moisture. To enhance the water resistance of the phosphors, an encapsulation was performed by direct surface reactions with phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ). The morphology, surface structure, surface element composition, water resistance, luminescence, and photoacoustic spectrum of the phosphors before and after encapsulation were discussed. Experimental results showed that phosphors were perfectly encapsulated by amorphous layers in nanoscale and crystalline layers in microscale under different conditions. The water resistance of phosphors was greatly enhanced by the two types of layer. More importantly, the amorphous layers enhanced the luminescence of phosphors markedly. The possible mechanism for the enhancements was also proposed.

  10. Investigation of the synergic effect of some neutral organophosphoric compounds on the extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions by D1-(2-Ethyl Hexyl) phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stas, J.; Khorfan, S.; Koudsi, Y.

    1998-05-01

    The extraction of uranium (VI) from pure phosphoric acid media by D2EHPA/Kerosene has been studied. The mechanism of the extraction was found as follows: The logarithm of the equilibrium constant of the extraction (LogKex) was found (3.06), (3.32), (3.24), (3.3) for the following phosphoric acid concentrations respectively (1), (2), (3), (4) Mol/1, and the enthalpy change DELTA H was found (-100.68 kj/mol). (-76 kj/mol) for (1), (2) mol/1 phosphoric acid concentrations. The synergic effect of TOPO, TBP, and TBPI with DEHPA have been studied during the extraction of uranium from pure phosphoric acid and Syrian commercial phosphoric acid. The synergic effect increases as follows: TBP< TBPI<< TOPO (In pure phosphoric acid), TBPI approx TBP<< TOPO (In Syrian commercial phosphoric acid). The difficulty of extracting uranium (VI) from Syrian commercial phosphoric acid in comparison with pure phosphoric acid is due to the presence of several impurities capable of complexing uranium, and a small amounts of solid and organic matters, all these are factors which reduce the distribution coefficient of uranium. (Author)

  11. A survey of phosphors novel for thermography

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bruebach, J., E-mail: bruebach@ekt.tu-darmstadt.d [Fachgebiet Reaktive Stroemungen und Messtechnik, Center of Smart Interfaces Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Kissel, T. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Stroemungen und Messtechnik, Center of Smart Interfaces Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Frotscher, M. [Eduard-Zintl-Institut fuer Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Euler, M. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Stroemungen und Messtechnik, Center of Smart Interfaces Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Albert, B. [Eduard-Zintl-Institut fuer Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 18, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany); Dreizler, A. [Fachgebiet Reaktive Stroemungen und Messtechnik, Center of Smart Interfaces Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 32, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany)

    2011-04-15

    With regard to phosphor thermometry, seven luminescent ceramic materials were synthesised and characterised, namely CaMoO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+}, CaTiO{sub 3}:Pr{sup 3+}, LaPO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+}, LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+}, LiAl{sub 5}O{sub 8}:Fe{sup 3+}, TiMg{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn{sup 4+} and ZnGa{sub 2}O{sub 4}:Mn{sup 2+}. In this context, emission spectra and temperature lifetime characteristics are presented. Thus, a survey of phosphors novel for thermography is given in order to encourage further studies and more detailed characterisations of the respective materials. - Research Highlights: Seven phosphor materials novel for thermometry were synthesised. These materials were characterised diffractometrically as well as concerning their emission spectra and lifetime temperature characteristics. The number of phosphor materials characterised for thermometry purposes was extended by seven materials.

  12. Characteristics of the Panasonic UD-802 phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ben-Shachar, B.; Catchen, G.L.; Hoffman, J.M.

    1989-01-01

    Several basic dosimetric characteristics of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu and CaSO 4 :Tm phosphors in Panasonic UD-802 dosemeters were measured. The TL dose response linearity was determined over the useful range of personnel and environmental dosimetry (0.005 - 10 mGy), and the minimum measurable doses were calculated. The intrinsic ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensitivity of both phosphors was checked before and after γ irradiation for the purpose of re-assessing high doses. The results indicate that Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu is UV sensitive and, therefore, re-assessment is not applicable. Although the CaSO 4 :Tm phosphor exhibited UV sensitivity after γ irradiation, the results were not consistent with those reported earlier and more study is required. The fading of both phosphors was evaluated in Panasonic UD-801 dosemeters for periods up to 90 days. (author)

  13. A FED Prototype Using Patterned DLC Thin Films as the Cathode

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, W.; Feng, T.; Mao, D. S.; Wang, X.; Liu, X. H.; Zou, S. C.; Zhu, Y. K.; Li, Q.; Xu, J. F.; Jin, S.; Zheng, J. S.

    In our study, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) thin films were prepared by filtered arc deposition (FAD), which provided a way to deposit DLC thin films on large areas at room temperature. Glass slides coated 100nm chromium or titanium thin films were used as cathode substrates. Millions of rectangular holes with sizes of 5 × 5μm were made on the DLC films using a routine patterning process. Here a special reactive ion beam etching method was applied to etch the DLC films. The anodes of the devices were made by electrophoretic deposition. ZnO:Zn phosphor (P15) was employed, which has a broad band bluish green (centered at 490nm). Before electrophoretic deposition, the anode substrates (ITO glass slides) had been patterned into 50 anode electrodes. In order to improve the adherence of phosphor layers, the as-deposited screens were treated in Na2SiO3 solution for 24h to add additional binder. A kind of matrix-addressed diode FED prototype was designed and packaged. 50-100μm-thick glass slides were used as spacers and getters were applied to maintain the vacuum after the exhaustion. The applied DC voltage was ranged in 0-3000V and much higher current density was measured in the cathode-patterned prototypes than the unpatterned ones during the test. As a result, characters could be well displayed.

  14. Improvements in phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabatin, J.G.

    1981-01-01

    For X-ray image converter applications, especially when used in medical radiography, it is desirable to improve the speed and brightness of response for conversion of X-rays in phosphors. The rare earth oxyhalide phosphors coactivated with a combination of rare earth activators described in this patent are capable of exhibiting low afterglow with high ultraviolet emission. They have the general formula Lnsub(1-y-w)OX:Tbsub(y)Tmsub(w) where Ln is lanthanum or gadolinium, X is chlorine and/or bromine, y is from 0.0005 to 0.010 moles per mole and w is from 0.00005 to 0.005 moles per mole of the Lnsub(1-y-w)OX host. The method of preparation and characteristics of speed, afterglow and UV emission are described. (U.K.)

  15. Angle-resolved photoluminescence spectrum of a uniform phosphor layer

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fujieda, Ichiro; Ohta, Masamichi

    2017-10-01

    A photoluminescence spectrum depends on an emission angle due to self-absorption in a phosphor material. Assuming isotropic initial emission and Lambert-Beer's law, we have derived simple expressions for the angle-resolved spectra emerging from the top and bottom surfaces of a uniform phosphor layer. The transmittance of an excitation light through the phosphor layer can be regarded as a design parameter. For a strongly-absorbing phosphor layer, the forward flux is less intense and more red-shifted than the backward flux. The red-shift is enhanced as the emission direction deviates away from the plane normal. When we increase the transmittance, the backward flux decreases monotonically. The forward flux peaks at a certain transmittance value. The two fluxes become similar to each other for a weakly-absorbing phosphor layer. We have observed these behaviors in experiment. In a practical application, self-absorption decreases the efficiency of conversion and results in angle-dependent variations in chromaticity coordinates. A patterned phosphor layer with a secondary optical element such as a remote reflector alleviates these problems.

  16. Improvement of Lighting Uniformity and Phosphor Life in Field Emission Lamps Using Carbon Nanocoils

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kun-Ju Chung

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The lighting performances and phosphor degradation in field emission lamps (FELs with two different kinds of cathode materials—multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and carbon nanocoils (CNCs—were compared. The MWCNTs and CNCs were selectively synthesized on 304 stainless steel wire substrates dip-coated with nanosized Pd catalysts by controlling the growth temperature in thermal chemical vapor deposition, and the film uniformity can be optimized by adjusting the growth time. FELs were successfully fabricated by assembling these cathode filaments with a glass bulb-type anode. The FEL with the CNC cathode showed much higher lighting uniformity and light-spot density and a lower current at the same voltage than that with the MWCNT cathode filament, and its best luminous efficiency was as high as 75 lm/W at 8 kV. We also found that, for P22, the phosphor degradation can be effectively suppressed by replacing MWCNTs with CNCs in the cathode, due to the much larger total bright spot area and hence much lower current density loading on the anode.

  17. Investigation of saturation effects in ceramic phosphors for laser lighting

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krasnoshchoka, Anastasiia; Thorseth, Anders; Dam-Hansen, Carsten

    2017-01-01

    We report observation of saturation effects in a Ce:LuAG and Eu-doped nitride ceramic phosphor for conversion of blue laser light for white light generation. The luminous flux from the phosphors material increases linearly with the input power until saturation effects limit the conversion....... It is shown, that the temperature of the phosphor layer influences the saturation power level and the conversion efficiency. It is also shown that the correlated color temperature (CCT), phosphor conversion efficiency and color rendering index (CRI) are dependent both on incident power and spot size diameter...... of the illumination. A phosphor conversion efficiency up to 140.8 lm/W with CRI of 89.4 was achieved. The saturation in a ceramic phosphor, when illuminated by high intensity laser diodes, is estimated to play the main role in limiting the available luminance from laser based lighting systems....

  18. Use of thermographic imaging in clinical diagnosis of small animal: preliminary notes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Veronica Redaelli

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCTION. The authors, after a description of the physics of infrared thermographic technique (IRT, analyze the reading of images and the main applications in the veterinary field, compared to the existing literature on the subject and to their experimental researches. IRT lends itself to countless applications in biology, thanks to its characteristics of versatility, lack of invasiveness and high sensitivity. Probably the major limitation to its application in the animal lies in the ease of use and in its extreme sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From September 2009 to October 2010, the experimental investigation with the thermo camera took into consideration 110 animals (92 dogs and 18 cats, without any selection criteria. All patients were brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Milan University by the owner, to be examined by a specialist, or to undergo one of the following diagnostic procedures: X-rays, computed tomography, or ultrasound examinations; finally some patients were brought in for surgical procedures. With the consent of the owner, 1 to 10 thermographic images were recorded from each clinical case. Results. In this first experimental investigation, thermography has shown a high sensitivity (100%, but a low specificity (44%. This figure excludes the use of thermal imaging technology to replace other imaging techniques such as radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, it does not show any ability to recognize the etiology of the disease, but only the thermal alteration, and this is restricting its use. However, this experimental study has demonstrated that thermography can be used in veterinary medicine, and specifically in dogs and cats. It is hoped that in the field of targeted diseases this technique will become an important tool for diagnostic purposes by using working protocols validated and repeatable.

  19. Laser discrimination by stimulated emission of a phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mathur, V. K.; Chakrabarti, K.

    1991-01-01

    A method for discriminating sources of UV, near infrared, and far infrared laser radiation was discovered. This technology is based on the use of a single magnesium sulfide phosphor doubly doped with rare earth ions, which is thermally/optically stimulated to generate colors correlatable to the incident laser radiation. The phosphor, after initial charging by visible light, exhibits green stimulated luminescence when exposed to a near infrared source (Nd: YAG laser). On exposure to far infrared sources (CO2 laser) the phosphor emission changes to orange color. A UV laser produces both an orange red as well as green color. A device using this phosphor is useful for detecting the laser and for discriminating between the near infrared, far infrared, and UV lasers. The technology is also capable of infrared laser diode beam profiling since the radiation source leaves an imprint on the phosphor that can be photographed. Continued development of the technology offers potential for discrimination between even smaller bandwidths within the infrared spectrum, a possible aid to communication or wavemixing devices that need to rapidly identify and process optical signals.

  20. Using thermographic cameras to investigate eye temperature and clinical severity in depression

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maller, Jerome J.; George, Shefin Sam; Viswanathan, Rekha Puzhavakkathumadom; Fitzgerald, Paul B.; Junor, Paul

    2016-02-01

    Previous studies suggest that altered corneal temperature may be a feature of schizophrenia, but the association between major depressive disorder (MDD) and corneal temperature has yet to be assessed. The aim of this study is to investigate whether eye temperature is different among MDD patients than among healthy individuals. We used a thermographic camera to measure and compare the temperature profile across the corneas of 16 patients with MDD and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. We found that the average corneal temperature between the two groups did not differ statistically, although clinical severity correlated positively with right corneal temperature. Corneal temperature may be an indicator of clinical severity in psychiatric disorders, including depression.

  1. Hydrogen evolution activity and electrochemical stability of selected transition metal carbides in concentrated phosphoric acid

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tomás García, Antonio Luis; Jensen, Jens Oluf; Bjerrum, Niels J.

    2014-01-01

    phosphoric acid were investigated in a temperature range from 80 to 170°C. A significant dependence of the activities on temperature was observed for all five carbide samples. Through the entire temperature range Group 6 metal carbides showed higher activity than that of the Group 5 metal carbides......Alternative catalysts based on carbides of Group 5 (niobium and tantalum) and 6 (chromium, molybdenum and tungsten) metals were prepared as films on the metallic substrates. The electrochemical activities of these carbide electrodes towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in concentrated...

  2. Amino-Functional Polybenzimidazole Blends with Enhanced Phosphoric Acid Mediated Proton Conductivity as Fuel Cell Electrolytes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Aili, David; Javakhishvili, Irakli; Han, Junyoung

    2016-01-01

    A new amino-functional polybenzimidazole copolymer is synthesized by homogeneous solution condensation polymerization from a novel monomer, N,N′-bis (2,4-diaminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropane. The copolymer readily dissolves in organic solvents and shows good film forming characteristics. To balance...... the phosphoric acid uptake and to obtain mechanically robust membranes, the amino-functional polybenzimidazole derivative is blended with high molecular weight poly [2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bisbenzimidazole] at different ratios. Due to the high acid uptake, the homogenous blend membranes show enhanced proton...

  3. Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Eu{sup 3+}, Sm{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6} phosphors for phosphor converted LED

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dabre, K.V. [Department of Physics, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Koradi, Nagpur-441111, Maharashtra (India); Dhoble, S.J., E-mail: sjdhoble@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur-440033, Maharashtra (India)

    2014-06-01

    In this work, we report on the synthesis and photoluminescence (PL) properties of rare earth (Eu{sup 3+}, Sm{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+}) doped double perovskite tungstate Ca{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6} phosphor. The phosphors were synthesized by two step modified solid state method. Phase purity and formation of phosphor were confirmed by XRD technique. PL spectra of Eu{sup 3+}, Sm{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} doped phosphor show intense emission peaks in red region at 615, 604 and 650 nm respectively, upon the visible excitation of 466 nm (Eu{sup 3+}), 410 nm (Sm{sup 3+}) and 491 nm (Pr{sup 3+}). The CIE coordinates of the phosphors are in the yellow (Sm{sup 3+} doped sample) and orange (Eu{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} doped sample) regions near the edge of color space which confirms their applicability in LEDs. -- Highlights: •Eu{sup 3+}, Sm{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} doped and undoped samples of Ca{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6} phosphor synthesized by Solid state method. •The phosphors have intense excitation in violet and blue region of visible spectrum. •Phosphors show intense emission peaks in red region. •CIE coordinates of phosphors are lie in yellow (Sm{sup 3+} doped phosphor) and orange (Eu{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} doped phosphor) region near to edge of color space.

  4. Discussion of ALTERNATIVE systems for industrial radiography using X-ray films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vaessen B.; Perdieus, P.; Proegler, H.

    1995-01-01

    Industrial radiography using X-ray films is an established method of NDE. In the last few years, ''novel developments'' have been put on the market as ''alternatives'' to conventional radiography, as e.g. fluorescent screen/film systems, cost-saving films, wide-latitude films, and storage phosphor films. AGFA as a market leader in the sector of X-ray films for industrial radiography has been testing these alternatives, taking into account image quality, sensitivity, handling in terms of portability, reliability, and the essential functions for NDE: (1) Detection of X-radiation; (2) conversion to optical image; (3) evaluation and validation; (4) documentation and archivation. The advantages and drawbacks, the information transfer capabilities, and the performance from the applications point of view are discussed primarily for fluorescent screen/film systems and storage phophor systems. (orig./MM) [de

  5. Variation of sulfur content in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se){sub 2} thin film solar cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knipper, Martin; Knecht, Robin; Riedel, Ingo; Parisi, Juergen [Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oldenburg (Germany)

    2011-07-01

    Chalcopyrite thin film solar cells made of the compound semiconductor Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se){sub 2} (CIGSSe) have a strong potential for achieving high efficiencies at low production costs. Volume production of CIGSSe-modules has already started to exploit their favorable attributes such as low cost processing and reasonable module efficiency. In this study we studied industrially produced CIGSSe modules obtained from rapid thermal processing (RTP) for sulfurization. In detail, we investigated the effect of sulfur offer and RTP temperature (500 C to 580 C) on the photoelectric characteristics of small-area solar cells cut from the modules. Current-voltage profiling under standard test conditions revealed a strong influence of the particular process recipe on the open circuit voltage whereas significant variations of the maximum quantum efficiency can be observed. X-ray diffraction was employed to relate these effects to the crystallographic structure of the actual CIGSSe films. Lock-in thermographic imaging was employed to link apparent film inhomogeneities and disruptions to the specific process recipe.

  6. Thermographic measurements of high-speed metal cutting

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mueller, Bernhard; Renz, Ulrich

    2002-03-01

    Thermographic measurements of a high-speed cutting process have been performed with an infrared camera. To realize images without motion blur the integration times were reduced to a few microseconds. Since the high tool wear influences the measured temperatures a set-up has been realized which enables small cutting lengths. Only single images have been recorded because the process is too fast to acquire a sequence of images even with the frame rate of the very fast infrared camera which has been used. To expose the camera when the rotating tool is in the middle of the camera image an experimental set-up with a light barrier and a digital delay generator with a time resolution of 1 ns has been realized. This enables a very exact triggering of the camera at the desired position of the tool in the image. Since the cutting depth is between 0.1 and 0.2 mm a high spatial resolution was also necessary which was obtained by a special close-up lens allowing a resolution of app. 45 microns. The experimental set-up will be described and infrared images and evaluated temperatures of a titanium alloy and a carbon steel will be presented for cutting speeds up to 42 m/s.

  7. Plasma properties during magnetron sputtering of lithium phosphorous oxynitride thin films

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christiansen, Ane Sælland; Stamate, Eugen; Thydén, Karl Tor Sune

    2015-01-01

    The nitrogen dissociation and plasma parameters during radio frequency sputtering of lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin films in nitrogen gas are investigated by mass appearance spectrometry, electrostatic probes and optical emission spectroscopy, and the results are correlated with electrochemical...... properties and microstructure of the films. Low pressure and moderate power are associated with lower plasma density, higher electron temperature, higher plasma potential and larger diffusion length for sputtered particles. This combination of parameters favors the presence of more atomic nitrogen, a fact...

  8. Morphology and electronic transport of polycrystalline silicon films deposited by SiF sub 4 /H sub 2 at a substrate temperature of 200 deg. C

    CERN Document Server

    Hazra, S; Ray, S

    2002-01-01

    Undoped and phosphorous doped polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films were deposited using a SiF sub 4 /H sub 2 gas mixture at a substrate temperature of 200 deg. C by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments reveal that the present poly-Si films are equivalent to the poly-Si films deposited at high temperature (>600 deg. C). XRD and scanning electron microscope observations show that the crystalline quality of slightly P-doped film is better compared to that of undoped poly-Si films. Phosphorus atom concentration in the slightly P-doped poly-Si film is 5.0x10 sup 1 sup 6 atoms/cm sup 3. Association of a few phosphorous atoms in the silicon matrix enhances crystallization as eutectic-forming metals do. Dark conductivity of slightly P-doped film is 4 orders of magnitude higher, although mobility-lifetime product (eta mu tau) is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of undoped film. The presence o...

  9. Lateral protonic/electronic hybrid oxide thin-film transistor gated by SiO2 nanogranular films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhu, Li Qiang; Chao, Jin Yu; Xiao, Hui

    2014-01-01

    Ionic/electronic interaction offers an additional dimension in the recent advancements of condensed materials. Here, lateral gate control of conductivities of indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) films is reported. An electric-double-layer (EDL) transistor configuration was utilized with a phosphorous-doped SiO 2 nanogranular film to provide a strong lateral electric field. Due to the strong lateral protonic/electronic interfacial coupling effect, the IZO EDL transistor could operate at a low-voltage of 1 V. A resistor-loaded inverter is built, showing a high voltage gain of ∼8 at a low supply voltage of 1 V. The lateral ionic/electronic coupling effects are interesting for bioelectronics and portable electronics

  10. Oxycarbonitride phosphors and light emitting devices using the same

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Yuanqiang; Romanelli, Michael Dennis; Tian, Yongchi

    2013-10-08

    Disclosed herein is a novel family of oxycarbidonitride phosphor compositions and light emitting devices incorporating the same. Within the sextant system of M--Al--Si--O--N--C--Ln and quintuplet system of M--Si--O--N--C--Ln (M=alkaline earth element, Ln=rare earth element), the phosphors are composed of either one single crystalline phase or two crystalline phases with high chemical and thermal stability. In certain embodiments, the disclosed phosphor of silicon oxycarbidonitrides emits green light at wavelength between 530-550 nm. In further embodiments, the disclosed phosphor compositions emit blue-green to yellow light in a wavelength range of 450-650 nm under near-UV and blue light excitation.

  11. The quality study of recycled glass phosphor waste for LED

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsai, Chun-Chin; Chen, Guan-Hao; Yue, Cheng-Feng; Chen, Cin-Fu; Cheng, Wood-Hi

    2017-02-01

    To study the feasibility and quality of recycled glass phosphor waste for LED packaging, the experiments were conducted to compare optical characteristics between fresh color conversion layer and that made of recycled waste. The fresh color conversion layer was fabricated through sintering pristine mixture of Y.A.G. powder [yellow phosphor (Y3AlO12 : Ce3+). Those recycled waste glass phosphor re-melted to form Secondary Molten Glass Phosphor (S.M.G.P.). The experiments on such low melting temperature glass results showed that transmission rates of S.M.G.P. are 9% higher than those of first-sintered glass phosphor, corresponding to 1.25% greater average bubble size and 36% more bubble coverage area in S.M.G.P. In the recent years, high power LED modules and laser projectors have been requiring higher thermal stability by using glass phosphor materials for light mixing. Nevertheless, phosphor and related materials are too expensive to expand their markets. It seems a right trend and research goal that recycling such waste of high thermal stability and quality materials could be preferably one of feasible cost-down solutions. This technical approach could bring out brighter future for solid lighting and light source module industries.

  12. Evaluation of images in a DR system (KD-1000) with new photostimulable phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshita, Hisashi; Kuranishi, Makoto; Nakamura, Mamoru; Kato, Syosuke; Matsui, Mitate.

    1994-01-01

    The Konica Direct Digitizer KD-1000 is a compact chest acquisition unit in digital radiography. The KD-1000 system uses a photostimulable phosphor detector (RbBr: Tl) and directly converts X-ray quantum into digitized information. We have studied the physical characteristics of the KD-1000, which consists of input-output relationship, spatial resolution and noise. Additionally, we have made a comparison of visual detectability between images from the KD-1000 system and those from a film/screen system (KO-380/HRL), which is used for chest radiography. We have quantified these basic characteristics and established the advantage of the KD-1000 system. (author)

  13. Evaluation of images in a DR system (KD-1000) with new photostimulable phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yoshita, Hisashi; Kuranishi, Makoto; Nakamura, Mamoru; Kato, Syosuke (Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical Univ. (Japan). Hospital); Matsui, Mitate

    1994-01-01

    The Konica Direct Digitizer KD-1000 is a compact chest acquisition unit in digital radiography. The KD-1000 system uses a photostimulable phosphor detector (RbBr: Tl) and directly converts X-ray quantum into digitized information. We have studied the physical characteristics of the KD-1000, which consists of input-output relationship, spatial resolution and noise. Additionally, we have made a comparison of visual detectability between images from the KD-1000 system and those from a film/screen system (KO-380/HRL), which is used for chest radiography. We have quantified these basic characteristics and established the advantage of the KD-1000 system. (author).

  14. Spectral properties of Dy3+ doped ZnAl2O4 phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prakash, Ram; Kumar, Sandeep; Mahajan, Rubby; Khajuria, Pooja; Kumar, Vinay; Choudhary, R. J.; Phase, D. M.

    2018-05-01

    Herein, Dy3+ doped ZnAl2O4 phosphor was synthesized by the solution combustion method. The synthesized phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The phase purity of the phosphor was confirmed by the XRD studies that showed cubic symmetry of the synthesized phosphor. Under UV excitation (388 nm) the PL emission spectrum of the phosphor shows characteristic transition from the Dy3+ ion. A band gap of 5.2 eV was estimated from the diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The surface properties of the phosphor were studied using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

  15. Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Measurements of CDA 510 Phosphor Bronze

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tuttle, James E.; Canavan, Edgar; DiPirro, Michael

    2009-01-01

    Many cryogenic systems use electrical cables containing phosphor bronze wire. While phosphor bronze's electrical and thermal conductivity values have been published, there is significant variation among different phosphor bronze formulations. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will use several phosphor bronze wire harnesses containing a specific formulation (CDA 510, annealed temper). The heat conducted into the JWST instrument stage is dominated by these harnesses, and approximately half of the harness conductance is due to the phosphor bronze wires. Since the JWST radiators are expected to just keep the instruments at their operating temperature with limited cooling margin, it is important to know the thermal conductivity of the actual alloy being used. We describe an experiment which measured the electrical and thermal conductivity of this material between 4 and 295 Kelvin.

  16. High temperature thermometric phosphors for use in a temperature sensor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allison, Stephen W.; Cates, Michael R.; Boatner, Lynn A.; Gillies, George T.

    1998-01-01

    A high temperature phosphor consists essentially of a material having the general formula LuPO.sub.4 :Dy.sub.(x),Eu.sub.(y), wherein: 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20 wt % and 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 wt %. The high temperature phosphor is in contact with an article whose temperature is to be determined. The article having the phosphor in contact with it is placed in the environment for which the temperature of the article is to be determined. The phosphor is excited by a laser causing the phosphor to fluoresce. The emission from the phosphor is optically focused into a beam-splitting mirror which separates the emission into two separate emissions, the emission caused by the dysprosium dopant and the emission caused by the europium dopent. The separated emissions are optically filtered and the intensities of the emission are detected and measured. The ratio of the intensity of each emission is determined and the temperature of the article is calculated from the ratio of the intensities of the separate emissions.

  17. Raman Spectra of Luminescent Graphene Oxide (GO-Phosphor Hybrid Nanoscrolls

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janardhanan. R. Rani

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Graphene oxide (GO-phosphor hybrid nanoscrolls were synthesized using a simple chemical method. The GO-phosphor ratio was varied to find the optimum ratio for enhanced optical characteristics of the hybrid. A scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that synthesized GO scrolls achieved a length of over 20 μm with interior cavities. The GO-phosphor hybrid is extensively analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, suggesting that various Raman combination modes are activated with the appearance of a low-frequency radial breathing-like mode (RBLM of the type observed in carbon nanotubes. All of the synthesized GO-phosphor hybrids exhibit an intense luminescent emission around 540 nm along with a broad emission at approximately 400 nm, with the intensity ratio varying with the GO-phosphor ratio. The photoluminescence emissions were gauged using Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE coordinates and at an optimum ratio. The coordinates shift to the white region of the color spectra. Our study suggests that the GO-phosphor hybrid nanoscrolls are suitable candidates for light-emitting applications.

  18. Dual-Function Au@Y2O3:Eu3+ Smart Film for Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency and Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Chang Woo; Eom, Tae Young; Yang, In Seok; Kim, Byung Su; Lee, Wan In; Kang, Yong Soo; Kang, Young Soo

    2017-07-28

    In the present study, a dual-functional smart film combining the effects of wavelength conversion and amplification of the converted wave by the localized surface plasmon resonance has been investigated for a perovskite solar cell. This dual-functional film, composed of Au nanoparticles coated on the surface of Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphor (Au@Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ ) nanoparticle monolayer, enhances the solar energy conversion efficiency to electrical energy and long-term stability of photovoltaic cells. Coupling between the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ phosphor monolayer and ultraviolet solar light induces the latter to be converted into visible light with a quantum yield above 80%. Concurrently, the Au nanoparticle monolayer on the phosphor nanoparticle monolayer amplifies the converted visible light by up to 170%. This synergy leads to an increased solar light energy conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Simultaneously, the dual-function film suppresses the photodegradation of perovskite by UV light, resulting in long-term stability. Introducing the hybrid smart Au@Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ film in perovskite solar cells increases their overall solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency to 16.1% and enhances long-term stability, as compared to the value of 15.2% for standard perovskite solar cells. The synergism between the wavelength conversion effect of the phosphor nanoparticle monolayer and the wave amplification by the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticle monolayer in a perovskite solar cell is comparatively investigated, providing a viable strategy of broadening the solar spectrum utilization.

  19. On the feasibility of infrared phosphors in super-slow particle searches

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hagstrom, R.; Rugari, A.D.

    1984-01-01

    This chapter proposes that super-slow projectiles will produce ionization signals in media with narrow bandgaps. A specific choice of narrow bandgap phosphors is recommended which would be economically suitable for use as detectors. Topics considered include the possibilities for practical detectors, a description of detectors based on narrow bandgap phosphors, the experimental determination of relevant properties of narrow bandgap phosphors, and the observation of ionizing particles using narrow bandgap phosphors. It is determined that the temperature dependence of the glow of the phosphors is strong enough that a reduction of operating temperature by about 60 C could be sufficient to produce the desired signal to background ratio

  20. Recuperation of uranium from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cordero, G.; Jodra, L.G.; Otero, J.L.; Josa, J.M.

    1977-01-01

    The Spanish capacity for phosphoric acid production is 500.000 t P 2 O 5 /yr. This acid has an average concentration of 365 g U 3 O 8 / t P 2 O 5 . Therefore about 180 t U 3 O 8 /yr are dissolved. In 1969, the Junta de Energia Nuclear (JEN) developed, in bench scale, a solvent extraction process to recover the uranium from the phosphoric acid. The solvent used was a synergistic mixture of D2EHPA and TOPO. The results were very promising with good recovery and very high quality for the uranium concentrate. Later, the J.E.N. continued the studies in a pilot plant scale. For this purpose, was built an experimental facility in Huelva; it can treat about 7 cu. m/day of brown acid. Fosforico Espanol, S.A. (FESA) collaborated in the studies and agreed to setting up these installations in their factory. They also provided fresh phosphoric acid for the tests. In this pilot plant we studied the following stages: a) Clarification and conditioning of the phosphoric acid; b) Uranium extraction followed by stripping in a reducing medium; c) Purification by extraction and washing; d) Obtention of the concentrate by stripping with ammonia and CO 2 gas, followed by crystallization of the ammonium uranyl tricarbonate (AUT); and e) Calcination of the concentrate to decompose the AUT to uranium oxides. The results confirmed the laboratory test data. Recuperation levels were between 85 and 90%. The AUT calcined at 550 0 C. gave a product with 96-98% U 3 O 8 . In view of the pilot plant results we have prepared a black book for an industrial plant to treat about 3700 cu. m/day of phosphoric acid. At the present time the financial aspects of this installation are being studied [es

  1. Process for recovering yttrium and lanthanides from wet-process phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Janssen, J.A.; Weterings, C.A.

    1983-06-28

    Process for recovering yttrium and lanthanides from wet-process phosphoric acid by adding a flocculant to the phosphoric acid, separating out the resultant precipitate and then recovering yttrium and lanthanides from the precipitate. Uranium is recovered from the remaining phosphoric acid.

  2. Technique charts for EC film: direct optical measurements to account for the effects of X-ray scatter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Munro, Peter; Jordan, Kevin; Lewis, Craig; Heerema, Tim

    2001-01-01

    Purpose: To develop a method of measuring technique charts for enhanced contrast (EC) film, to demonstrate how X-ray scatter changes the response of EC film, and to generate technique charts for general use. Methods and Materials: We have developed a 'digital cassette' - consisting of a metal plate/phosphor screen, a light guide, a photodiode sensor, and an electrometer - that can be used to measure the light generated in the phosphor screen of the film cassette. In turn, these measurements can be used to generate technique charts for EC film. The digital cassette has been used to measure technique charts for 4-MV and 6-MV X-ray beams for a variety of different phantom thicknesses, field sizes, and phantom-to-cassette air gaps. Results and Discussion: We have observed that the signals generated in an ionization chamber located 9.4 cm behind a 30-cm-thick water-equivalent phantom increase by a factor of 1.9 when the field size is increased from 4x4 cm 2 to 40x40 cm 2 when irradiated by a 6-MV X-ray beam. However, the change in EC film response is a factor of 3.5 under the same conditions. Irradiations to optimally expose the EC film predicted by the digital cassette differ by up to 82% compared to those predicted by ion chamber measurements. Nevertheless, the technique charts measured using the digital cassette predict the response of the EC film to ±0.2 optical density. The overresponse of the EC film is most likely due to low-energy scattered photons, which interact with the high atomic number (Z=64) phosphor screen of the enhanced contrast localization cassette. Therefore, simple solutions, such as placing a high atomic number material above the enhanced contrast localization cassette, can reduce this contribution by scattered photons to the signal generated in the cassettes. Conclusions: We have developed a digital cassette that can make more accurate measurements of the technique charts for EC films. Our measurements show that under some conditions, X

  3. The relative and absolute speed of radiographic screen - film systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, In Ja; Huh, Joon

    1993-01-01

    Recently, a large number of new screen-film systems have become available for use in diagnostic radiology. These new screens are made of materials generally known as rare - earth phosphors which have high x-ray absorption and high x-ray to light conversion efficiency compared to calcium tungstate phosphors. The major advantage of these new systems is reduction of patient exposure due to their high speed or high sensitivity. However, a system with excessively high speed can result in a significant degradation of radiographic image quality. Therefore, the speed is important parameters for users of these system. Our aim of in this was to determine accurately and precisely the absolute speed and relative speeds of both new and conventional screen - film system. We determined the absolute speed in condition of BRH phantom beam quality and the relative speed were measured by a split - screen technique in condition of BRH and ANSI phantom beam quality. The absolute and the relative speed were determined for 8 kinds of screen - 4 kinds of film in regular system and 7 kinds pf screen - 7 kinds of film in ortho system. In this study we could know the New Rx, T - MAT G has the highest film speed, also know Green system's standard deviation of relative speed larger than blue system. It was realized that there were no relationship between the absolute speed and the blue system. It was realized that there were no relationship between the absolute speed and the relative speed in ortho or regular system

  4. Lateral protonic/electronic hybrid oxide thin-film transistor gated by SiO{sub 2} nanogranular films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhu, Li Qiang, E-mail: lqzhu@nimte.ac.cn; Chao, Jin Yu; Xiao, Hui [Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)

    2014-12-15

    Ionic/electronic interaction offers an additional dimension in the recent advancements of condensed materials. Here, lateral gate control of conductivities of indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) films is reported. An electric-double-layer (EDL) transistor configuration was utilized with a phosphorous-doped SiO{sub 2} nanogranular film to provide a strong lateral electric field. Due to the strong lateral protonic/electronic interfacial coupling effect, the IZO EDL transistor could operate at a low-voltage of 1 V. A resistor-loaded inverter is built, showing a high voltage gain of ∼8 at a low supply voltage of 1 V. The lateral ionic/electronic coupling effects are interesting for bioelectronics and portable electronics.

  5. Development of BaSO4:Eu thermoluminescence phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Madhusoodanan, U.; Jose, M.T.; Lakshmanan, A.R.

    1999-01-01

    A highly sensitive thermoluminescence (TL) phosphor based on BaSO 4 :Eu was developed following the coprecipitation technique and firing in argon atmosphere at 1123 K. Photoluminescence studies confirm that firing in argon atmosphere instead of air increased the incorporation of Eu ions in 2+ valence state. At low γ-ray doses, its TL sensitivity is nearly 2 to 3 times higher than that of CaSO 4 :Dy phosphor. The other salient features of this BaSO 4 :Eu TL phosphor are a constant glow curve shape and a nearly linear γ-ray dose response

  6. Counter current extraction of phosphoric acid: Food grade acid production

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shlewit, H.; AlIbrahim, M.

    2009-01-01

    Extraction, scrubbing and stripping of phosphoric acid from the Syrian wet-phosphoric acid was carried out using Micro-pilot plant of mixer settler type of 8 l/h capacity. Tributyl phosphate (TBP)/di-isopropyl ether (DIPE) in kerosene was used as extractant. Extraction and stripping equilibrium curves were evaluated. The number of extraction and stripping stages to achieve the convenient and feasible yield was determined. Detailed flow sheet was suggested for the proposed continuous process. Data obtained include useful information for the design of phosphoric acid extraction plant. The produced phosphoric acid was characterized using different analytical techniques. (author)

  7. Point defect engineering strategies to retard phosphorous diffusion in germanium

    KAUST Repository

    Tahini, H. A.; Chroneos, Alexander I.; Grimes, Robin W.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Bracht, Hartmut A.

    2013-01-01

    The diffusion of phosphorous in germanium is very fast, requiring point defect engineering strategies to retard it in support of technological application. Density functional theory corroborated with hybrid density functional calculations are used to investigate the influence of the isovalent codopants tin and hafnium in the migration of phosphorous via the vacancy-mediated diffusion process. The migration energy barriers for phosphorous are increased significantly in the presence of oversized isovalent codopants. Therefore, it is proposed that tin and in particular hafnium codoping are efficient point defect engineering strategies to retard phosphorous migration. © the Owner Societies 2013.

  8. Phosphor Scanner For Imaging X-Ray Diffraction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carter, Daniel C.; Hecht, Diana L.; Witherow, William K.

    1992-01-01

    Improved optoelectronic scanning apparatus generates digitized image of x-ray image recorded in phosphor. Scanning fiber-optic probe supplies laser light stimulating luminescence in areas of phosphor exposed to x rays. Luminescence passes through probe and fiber to integrating sphere and photomultiplier. Sensitivity and resolution exceed previously available scanners. Intended for use in x-ray crystallography, medical radiography, and molecular biology.

  9. Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu"2"+ doped CaSO_4 phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aghalte, G.A.; Dhoble, S.J.; Pawar, N.R.

    2016-01-01

    Eu"2"+ doped CaSO_4 Phosphor were synthesized by precipitation method. PL analysis of Eu"2"+ activated CaSO_4 phosphor exhibited characteristic emission properties; CaSO_4:Eu Phosphor has received considerable attention because of its high sensitivity to X-ray and λ ray irradiation. CaSO_4:Eu phosphor powder was successfully synthesized by the wet chemical co-precipitation method. The structure morphology and luminescent properties of the phosphor were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy

  10. Purification of di-nonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) for synergistic extraction of uranium from strong phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, D.K.; Vijayalakshmi, R.; Singh, H.; Sharma, J.N.; Ruhela, R.

    2009-01-01

    Di-nonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) obtained from various synthesis methods is always associated with impurities such as mono-nonyl phenyl phosphoric acid and nonyl phenol which need to be separated for its effective use in the extraction of uranium from strong phosphoric acid. Two methods of purification namely liquid-solid separation method using neodymium salt and liquid-liquid separation method using methylene glycol have been described. In the liquid solid separation method the purity of DNPPA obtained was about 95% with less than 1.0% monoester, however it heavily suffers in the recovery aspect which is of the order of 50-60%. The methylene glycol treatment method, results in high purity and recovery of the product. Purity obtained was about 95.0% diester and less than 0.5% monoester and recovery was more than 90%. Analysis of DNPPA was done by potentiometric titration method using autotitrator. (author)

  11. Self-adaptive phosphor coating technology for wafer-level scale chip packaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Linsong; Rao Haibo; Wang Wei; Wan Xianlong; Liao Junyuan; Wang Xuemei; Zhou Da; Lei Qiaolin

    2013-01-01

    A new self-adaptive phosphor coating technology has been successfully developed, which adopted a slurry method combined with a self-exposure process. A phosphor suspension in the water-soluble photoresist was applied and exposed to LED blue light itself and developed to form a conformal phosphor coating with self-adaptability to the angular distribution of intensity of blue light and better-performing spatial color uniformity. The self-adaptive phosphor coating technology had been successfully adopted in the wafer surface to realize a wafer-level scale phosphor conformal coating. The first-stage experiments show satisfying results and give an adequate demonstration of the flexibility of self-adaptive coating technology on application of WLSCP. (semiconductor devices)

  12. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of green emitting SrGa2{S}4 : Eu2+ thin film

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chartier, Céline; Benalloul, Paul; Barthou, Charles; Frigerio, Jean-Marc; Mueller, Gerd O.; Mueller-Mach, Regina; Trottier, Troy

    2002-02-01

    Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of SrGa2S4 : Eu2+ thin films prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering are investigated. Luminescence performances of the phosphor in the thin film form are compared to those of powder samples: the brightness efficiency of thin films is found to be about 30% of the efficiency of powder at low current density. A ratio higher than 40% is expected at higher current density. Thin film screens for FEDs will become a positive alternative to powder screens provided that film quality and light extraction could be improved by optimization of thickness and deposition parameters.

  13. Corrosion inhibition of austenitic stainless steel by clay in polluted phosphoric acid with presence of SiC abrasif

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Skal S.

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Stainless steels have many properties mechanical and chemical resistances resulting from the formation of the protective layer (passive film on their surface which prevents the metal to react with corrosive environments such as, phosphoric acid. This acid contains various impurities, including agressive agents and solid particles of gypsum, increase the risk of corrosion damage depending on the type of stainless steel used. In addition, it has been show that abrasion-corrosion causes an acceleration electrochemical process leading to a decrease in the resistance of materials. This work is to find a solution through an ecological inhibitor. That why we have been studied the effect of crude clay on corrosion behavior of Alloy 31 in polluted phosphoric acid with abrasive by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS . The clay was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FX, X-ray diffraction (DRX and infrared spectroscopy (IR. EIS exhibited that resistance of Alloy 31 increased with increase the concentration of inhibitor.

  14. Low lag luminescent phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1976-01-01

    The addition of potassium or rubidium salts to europium-activated fluorohalide phosphors produces X-ray screens with low lag, even at very low europium concentrations. The chemical preparation and afterglow test results are described

  15. Thermoluminescence of calcium-based phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sunta, C.M.

    1985-01-01

    The paper reviews the thermoluminescence (TL) properties of calcium fluoride, calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate phosphors. In the case of the calcium fluoride mineral phosphor the main emitter of TL is the cerium impurity. Based on the TL emission spectra, two types of Ce 3+ centres can be easily distinguished; those associated with O 2- compensating ion and those which have either no local compensators or are associated with F - interstitial ions at the adjacent vacant body centre position. The spectra undergo remarkable changes at high doses. Such changes are associated with the probabilities of charge trapping at different types of traps and also with the probabilities of recombination at different types of luminescent centres. Some of the traps and recombination centres are spatially associated while others are distributed randomly. In calcium carbonate mineral, Mn 2+ is invariably the emitting impurity. Mn 2+ can be used as an efficient dopant for TL emission in all the three calcium based TL phosphors. A co-dopant like Ce 3+ intensifies the luminescence yield from Mn 2+ . Models of different types of electron and hole trapping centres are given. (author)

  16. Comparison between mixed and spatially separated remote phosphor fabricated via a screen-printing process

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Byung-Ho; Hwang, Jonghee; Lee, Young Jin; Kim, Jin-Ho; Jeon, Dae-Woo; Lee, Mi Jai

    2016-08-01

    We developed a fabrication method for remote phosphor by a screen-printing process, using green phosphor, red phosphor, and thermally stable glass frit. The glass frit was introduced for long-term stability. The optical properties of the remote phosphor were observed via an integrating sphere; the photoluminescence spectrum dramatically changed on incorporating a minor amount of the red phosphor. These unique optical properties were elucidated using four factors: phosphor ratio, scattering induced by packing density, light intensity per unit volume, and reabsorption. The thermal stability of the remote phosphor was investigated at 500°C, demonstrating its outstanding thermal properties.

  17. Luminescent properties of phosphor converted LED using an orange-emitting Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Song, Hee Jo; Yim, Dong Kyun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744 (Korea, Republic of); Cho, In-Sun [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305 (United States); Roh, Hee-Suk; Kim, Ju Seong [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Dong-Wan, E-mail: dwkim@ajou.ac.kr [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, San 5, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749 (Korea, Republic of); Hong, Kug Sun, E-mail: kshongss@plaza.snu.ac.kr [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Daehak-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744 (Korea, Republic of)

    2012-12-15

    Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► Phase-pure Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} powders were synthesized by a solid state reaction process. ► The optimum emission intensity was observed at the Eu{sup 2+} ion concentration of 0.006. ► The dipole–dipole interaction was the major concentration quenching mechanism. ► The pc-LED coated with Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} had higher CRI than commercial red phosphor. -- Abstract: A series of orange-emitting Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method. The as-prepared phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectroscopy, and spectroradiometry. XRD showed that all prepared samples exhibited a monoclinic Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7} phase. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the photoluminescence efficiency of Rb{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−x}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sub x}{sup 2+} phosphors increased with increasing Eu{sup 2+} concentration until x = 0.006, then decreased at higher concentrations, due to a concentration quenching effect. The thermal activation energy was also measured to be 0.40 eV. Furthermore, a phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED) coated with Rb{sub 2}Ca{sub 0.994}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sub 0.006}{sup 2+} was fabricated, which exhibited bright orange emission under a forward bias, from 200 to 300 mA. The color rendering index (CRI) of pc-LED coated with Rb{sub 2}Ca{sub 0.994}P{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sub 0.006}{sup 2+} was higher than the CRI of pc-LED coated with commercial red phosphor, due to the broad emission band of Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor. In applying with three-band pc-LEDs, moreover, white pc-LED using Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor had a higher CRI, than using commercial phosphor. These results indicated that Rb{sub 2}CaP{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor could be a good candidate for a near-UV based w-LED.

  18. Recovering of uranium from phosphoric acid produced by the wet process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barreiro, A.J.; Lyon, W.L.; Holleman, R.A.; Randell, C.C.

    1977-01-01

    Process for recovering uranium as from an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid arising from a wet process, with a scrubbing agent essentially composed of a hydrocarbon whose boiling point is situated between 150 0 C and 300 0 C, which reacts with the contaminents formed in the sludge in the phosphoric acid, in an efficient enough quantity to wash the contamination products forming the phosphoric acid sludge, give a sludge phase and a purified phosphoric acid phase, after which the sludge phase is extracted [fr

  19. Damping kinetics of annihilation slowed fluorescence of aromatic molecules in Langmuir films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ibraev, N.Kh.; Latonin, V.A.; Satybaldina, D.Zh.

    1996-01-01

    The paper is devoted to study of decay mechanism of phosphors molecules triplet states in the Langmuir-Blogett (L-B) films. The L-B-films have being prepared on the base of anthracene, pyrene, 3,4-benzopyrene and 1,2-benzanthracene molecules. Spectral and kinetic investigations were carried out in photons counting regime. Long-lived luminescence was observed under excitation of the LB-film by nitrogen laser radiation (λ=337 nm) .Spectrum of the long-lived luminescence coincides with spectrum of fast fluorescence of same film. Received spectral data indicate on similarity of LB-films structure of aromatic molecules and its crystals. It was defined, that deactivation of triplet states of aromatic molecules in LB-films has being carried out mainly in the result of annihilation of triplet excitation. 14 refs., 2 tabs., 5 figs

  20. Synthesis of novel Dy3+ activated phosphate phosphors for NUV excited LED

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shinde, K.N.; Dhoble, S.J.; Kumar, Animesh

    2011-01-01

    The new trivalent dysprosium activated X 6 AlP 5 O 20 (where X=Sr, Ba, Ca and Mg) phosphors were prepared by the combustion method. The prepared phosphors are characterized by XRD, photoluminescence and SEM techniques. Excited by 350 nm near-ultraviolet (NUV) light, the phosphors show an efficient blue and yellow band emissions, which originates from the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions of Dy 3+ ion, respectively. The excitation spectra of the phosphors are broadband extending from 340 to 400 nm, which are characteristics of NUV excited LED. The effect of the Dy 3+ concentration on the luminescence properties of X 6 AlP 5 O 20 :Dy 3+ (where X=Sr, Ba, Ca and Mg) phosphors is studied. Ca 6 AlP 5 O 20 phosphors show strong PL emission intensity around 25 times more as compared to Ba 6 AlP 5 O 20 , Sr 6 AlP 5 O 20 and Mg 6 AlP 5 O 20 phosphors. The investigated prepared phosphors are suitable for a NUV excited LED. - Research highlights: → Novel Dy 3+ activated X 6 AlP 5 O 20 (where X=Sr,Ba,Ca and Mg) phosphors were prepared by combustion method which is very low cost and time saving synthesis method. → The excitation spectra of the phosphors are broad band extending from 340 nm to 400 nm, which is characteristics of NUV excited LED. → PL emission spectra show two emissions (485 and 573 nm) and X 6 AlP 5 O 20 :Dy 3+ 0.5 mol% (where X=Sr,Ba,Ca and Mg) phosphors shows strongest PL emission intensity. → SEM analysis indicates that phosphor particles have irregular shape, porous morphology and less than 3-4 μm in size, which is suitable for the solid state lighting (coating purpose).

  1. Blue emitting KSCN:xCe phosphor for solid state lighting

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chikte, Devayani, E-mail: devi.awade@gmail.com [G.N. Khalsa College, Matunga, Mumbai 400019 (India); Omanwar, S.K. [Department of Physics, S.G.B. Amravati University, Amravati (India); Moharil, S.V. [Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440010 (India)

    2014-01-15

    The intense blue emitting phosphor KSCN:xCe (x=0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) is synthesized by a simple, time saving, economical method of re-crystallization through aqueous solution at 353 K. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the said phosphor exhibits emission with good intensity peaking at 450 nm corresponding to d→f transitions of Ce{sup 3+} ion. The excitation spectra monitored at 450 nm shows small peak at 282 nm and broad intense excitation band peaking at 350 nm. The latter lies in near ultraviolet (350–410 nm) emission of UV LED. The phosphor KSCN:0.02Ce{sup 3+} shows CIE 1931 color coordinates as (0.1484, 0.0602) whereas the commercial blue phosphor BAM:Eu{sup 2+} shows the color co-ordinates as (0.1417, 0.1072), respectively, indicating better color purity for KSCN: 0.02Ce{sup 3+} compared to the BAM:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor. The color coordinates of KSCN: 0.02Ce{sup 3+} phosphor (0.1484, 0.0602) are nearer to the color coordinate for blue color suggested by the color systems EBUPAL/SECAM, sRGB Blue as well as Adobe blue(0.15, 0.06). -- Highlights: • Novel phosphor KSCN:xCe prepared for the first time. • Method is simple, time saving, economical, easy to handle. • Intense, blue, Characteristic Ce{sup 3+} emission at 450 nm. • nUV excitation, suitable for solid state lighting.

  2. Neutron scintillator using Ga-doped ZnO phosphor with high detection efficiency

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koyama, Shin; Kinoshita, Atsushi; Fujiwara, Akihiko; Kobayashi, Haruki; Takei, Yoshinori; Nanto, Hidehito; Katagiri, Masaki

    2009-01-01

    Zinc Oxide (ZnO) family phosphors as phosphor for neutron detector have prepared using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. The optical properties of ZnO phosphor prepared are investigated. The following results were obtained. Two dominant photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks at 395 nm and 495 nm were observed. The lifetime of the PL emission peak at 395 nm (UV emission band) is about 20 ns, which is suitable for neutron detection. The Ga (30 mol%)-doped ZnO phosphor exhibited an intense UV emission band without the visible emission band. The Ga-doped ZnO phosphor can be prepared at the atmospheric pressure of about 8 Pa using SPS method. It was found that the PL intensity of UV emission band is increased with improving the crystallinity of the ZnO phosphor. (author)

  3. Light Converting Inorganic Phosphors for White Light-Emitting Diodes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chiao-Wen Yeh

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs have matched the emission efficiency of florescent lights and will rapidly spread as light source for homes and offices in the next 5 to 10 years. WLEDs provide a light element having a semiconductor light emitting layer (blue or near-ultraviolet (nUV LEDs and photoluminescence phosphors. These solid-state LED lamps, rather than organic light emitting diode (OLED or polymer light-emitting diode (PLED, have a number of advantages over conventional incandescent bulbs and halogen lamps, such as high efficiency to convert electrical energy into light, reliability and long operating lifetime. To meet with the further requirement of high color rendering index, warm light with low color temperature, high thermal stability and higher energy efficiency for WLEDs, new phosphors that can absorb excitation energy from blue or nUV LEDs and generate visible emissions efficiently are desired. The criteria of choosing the best phosphors, for blue (450-480 nm and nUV (380-400 nm LEDs, strongly depends on the absorption and emission of the phosphors. Moreover, the balance of light between the emission from blue-nUV LEDs and the emissions from phosphors (such as yellow from Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ is important to obtain white light with proper color rendering index and color temperature. Here, we will review the status of phosphors for LEDs and prospect the future development.

  4. Light Converting Inorganic Phosphors for White Light-Emitting Diodes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Lei; Lin, Chun-Che; Yeh, Chiao-Wen; Liu, Ru-Shi

    2010-01-01

    White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have matched the emission efficiency of florescent lights and will rapidly spread as light source for homes and offices in the next 5 to 10 years. WLEDs provide a light element having a semiconductor light emitting layer (blue or near-ultraviolet (nUV) LEDs) and photoluminescence phosphors. These solid-state LED lamps, rather than organic light emitting diode (OLED) or polymer light-emitting diode (PLED), have a number of advantages over conventional incandescent bulbs and halogen lamps, such as high efficiency to convert electrical energy into light, reliability and long operating lifetime. To meet with the further requirement of high color rendering index, warm light with low color temperature, high thermal stability and higher energy efficiency for WLEDs, new phosphors that can absorb excitation energy from blue or nUV LEDs and generate visible emissions efficiently are desired. The criteria of choosing the best phosphors, for blue (450−480 nm) and nUV (380−400 nm) LEDs, strongly depends on the absorption and emission of the phosphors. Moreover, the balance of light between the emission from blue-nUV LEDs and the emissions from phosphors (such as yellow from Y3Al5O12:Ce3+) is important to obtain white light with proper color rendering index and color temperature. Here, we will review the status of phosphors for LEDs and prospect the future development.

  5. Radiation-induced defects in manganese-doped lithium tetraborate phosphor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Annalakshmi, O; Jose, M T; Madhusoodanan, U; Sridevi, J; Venkatraman, B; Amarendra, G; Mandal, A B

    2015-01-01

    Lithium tetraborate doped with manganese synthesised by solid-state sintering technique exhibits a dosimetric peak at 280°C. The high-temperature glow curve results in no fading for three months. The sensitivity of Li2B4O7:Mn is determined to be 0.9 times that of TLD-100. The infrared spectrum of this phosphor indicates the presence of bond vibrations corresponding to BO4 tetrahedral and BO3 triangles. The mechanism for thermoluminescence in this phosphor was proposed based on the thermoluminescence (TL) emission spectra, kinetic analysis of TL glow curves and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated phosphors. It was identified that oxygen vacancies and Boron oxygen hole centre (BOHC) are the electron and hole trap centres for TL in this phosphor. When the phosphor is heated, the electrons are released from the electron trap and recombine with the trapped holes. The excitation energy during the recombination is transferred to the nearby Mn(2+) ions, which emit light at 580 nm. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  6. New Silicate Phosphors for a White LED(Electronic Displays)

    OpenAIRE

    Toda, Kenji; Kawakami, Yoshitaka; Kousaka, Shin-ichiro; Ito, Yutaka; Komeno, Akira; Uematsu, Kazuyoshi; Sato, Mineo

    2006-01-01

    We focus on the development of new silicate phosphors for a white LED. In the europium doped silicate system, four LED phosphor candidates-Li_2SrSiO_4:Eu^, Ba_9Sc_2Si_6O_:Eu^, Ca_3Si_2O_7:Eu^ and Ba_2MgSi_2O_7:Eu^ were found. Luminescent properties under near UV and visible excitation were investigated for the new Eu^ doped LED silicate phosphors. These new phosphors have a relatively strong absorption band in a long wavelength region.

  7. Initial Study on Thin Film Preparation of Carbon Nanodots Composites as Luminescence Material

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iskandar, F.; Aimon, A. H.; Akmaluddin, A. R.; Nuryadin, B. W.; Abdullah, M.

    2016-08-01

    Nowadays, the developments of phosphors materials require elements without noble metals and simple production process. Carbon nanodots (C-dots) are one of phosphor materials with wide range of emission band, and high biocompatibility. In this research thin film carbon nanodots composite have been prepared by spin coating method. Prior deposition, powder carbon nanodots were synthesized from a mixture of commercial urea as the nitrogen sources and citric acid as a carbon source by using hydrothermal and microwave-assisted heating method. The prepared powder was dispersed in transparent epoxy resin and then coated on glass substrate. The photoluminescence result for sample with 0.035 g citric acid exhibited an intense, single, homogeneous and broad spectrum with yellowish emission upon excitation at 365 nm. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result showed the existences of C=C, C-H, C=O, N-H and O-H functional groups which confirmed the quality of the sample. Further, based on UV-Vis measurement, the prepared thin film was highly transparent (transmittance 90%) with estimated film thickness around 764 nm. This result may open an opportunity for optoelectronic devices.

  8. Initial Study on Thin Film Preparation of Carbon Nanodots Composites as Luminescence Material

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iskandar, F; Aimon, A H; Akmaluddin, A R; Abdullah, M; Nuryadin, B W

    2016-01-01

    Nowadays, the developments of phosphors materials require elements without noble metals and simple production process. Carbon nanodots (C-dots) are one of phosphor materials with wide range of emission band, and high biocompatibility. In this research thin film carbon nanodots composite have been prepared by spin coating method. Prior deposition, powder carbon nanodots were synthesized from a mixture of commercial urea as the nitrogen sources and citric acid as a carbon source by using hydrothermal and microwave-assisted heating method. The prepared powder was dispersed in transparent epoxy resin and then coated on glass substrate. The photoluminescence result for sample with 0.035 g citric acid exhibited an intense, single, homogeneous and broad spectrum with yellowish emission upon excitation at 365 nm. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result showed the existences of C=C, C-H, C=O, N-H and O-H functional groups which confirmed the quality of the sample. Further, based on UV-Vis measurement, the prepared thin film was highly transparent (transmittance 90%) with estimated film thickness around 764 nm. This result may open an opportunity for optoelectronic devices. (paper)

  9. A novel red-emitting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ren, Fuqiang; Chen, Donghua

    2010-01-01

    A novel red-emitting phosphor of Eu 3+ -activated molybdate was prepared at 850 o C by a modified solid-state reaction. Photoluminescence (PL) results showed that the phosphor can be efficiently excited by UV-visible light from 350 to 550 nm, and exhibited bright red emission at 614 nm. XPS are taken to investigate the structure and compositions of this material. The crystallization and particle sizes of the phosphor have been investigated by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images show that the grain size of the phosphor is about 30 nm which is in full agreement with the theoretical calculation data from the XRD patterns.

  10. PRE AND POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF GREEN IGUANAS (IGUANA IGUANA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simona Rusu

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The body temperature of 10 clinically healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana was measured using a thermographic camera (FLIR E6, Flir Systems Sweden before and after the food was offered. For each animal there were performed a total of 6 measurements (3 before feeding and 3 after the food was offered. The purpose of this experiment was to observe the thermographic pattern of the body before and after the feeding, since herbivore reptiles tend to bask after the feeding to increase the body temperature that will help them afterwards digest the food. The animals were housed in individual vivariums with every animal having a basking spot available. The pictures were taken outside the vivarium in an adjacent room. The animals were handled with gloves and transported in a cardboard box in order to avoid heat transfer between the handler and the iguana that would have produced thermal artefacts. Each individual was placed on a table on a styrofoam slate, again, to avoid the heat transfer between the table and the animal`s body. For each animal a total of 4 pictures were taken (up, front, left and right. The pictures were analysed with the FLIR Tools program that is provided by the manufacturer and 3 temperatures were taken into consideration (the head temperature, body temperature on the right side and body temperature on the left side. The temperatures were compared between them and with the temperature of the vivariums that consisted of the average between the temperature in 3 different spots (basking spot, the feeding bowl site and the coldest spot measured with an infrared thermometer GM300 (Benetech, China. The temperature of the body was dependent on the vivarium temperature and it was a significant temperature difference between the measurements before the feeding and after the feeding. Also we discovered a significant difference between the head temperature and the body temperature on the left side before the feeding that disappeared

  11. Separation of rare earths from solutions of phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jones, E.A.

    1977-01-01

    Rare earths are separated from 6M phosphoric acid by adsorption onto cation resin BIORAD AG50W-X8. The phosphoric acid is then washed from the column, and the rare earths are eluted with 4M hydrochloric acid

  12. Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Emissions of Phosphors with Au Nanoparticles Embedded in ITO

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Ja-Yeon [Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Oh, Seung Jong; Park, Hyun-Sun; Kim, Min-Woo; Cho, Yoo-Hyun; Kwon, Min-Ki [Chosun University, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-03-15

    Au nanoparticles were embedded in a transparent conducting layer of indium tin oxide in order to evaluate the feasibility of applying a surface-plasmon (SP)-enhanced phosphor to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The efficiency of the phosphor was improved by energy matching between the phosphor and the SP of the Au nanoparticles. After the density of the Au nanoparticles and the thickness of the spacer layer had been optimized, the efficiency of a green phosphor was improved by 64% compared to that of an isolated green phosphor. This work provides a way to fabricate high-efficiency LEDs with high color-rendering indices and wide color gamuts in white LEDs.

  13. Phosphorous loads evaluation from soil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mezzanotte, V.

    1996-01-01

    With reference to the well known difficulty of quantifying non point phosphorous loads, as well as to their growing relative importance where point source leads decrease, a literature review has been carried out concerning soil export coefficients. On such basis, the values which seem to be the most appropriate for Italy have been estimated for different land use categories. The main mechanisms determining non point phosphorous load generation and the factors affecting their importance are also described. In the end, criteria for estimating the importance of non point sources in a basin are suggested to be used for deciding whether a traditional, parametric assessment (inevitably involving a certain error) can be acceptable or experimental measures are needed

  14. Automated system for crack detection using infrared thermograph

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Starman, Stanislav

    2009-01-01

    The objective of this study was the development of the automated system for crack detection on square steel bars used in the automotive industry for axle and shaft construction. The automated system for thermographic crack detection uses brief pulsed eddy currents to heat steel components under inspection. Cracks, if present, will disturb the current flow and so generate changes in the temperature profile in the crack area. These changes of temperature are visualized using an infrared camera. The image acquired by the infrared camera is evaluated through an image processing system. The advantages afforded by the system are its inspection time, its excellent flaw detection sensitivity and its ability to detect hidden, subsurface cracks. The automated system consists of four IR cameras (each side of steel bar is evaluated at a time), coil, high frequency generator and control place with computers. The system is a part of the inspection line where the subsurface and surface cracks are searched. If the crack is present, the cracked place is automatically marked. The components without cracks are then deposited apart from defective blocks. The system is fully automated and its ability is to evaluate four meter blocks within 20 seconds. This is the real reason for using this system in real industrial applications. (author)

  15. Analysis of phosphoric ore bacterial and eucaryal microbial diversity ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    These findings provided new opportunities into phosphoric ore microbiology that could be useful in biological system removing waste gases generated from the phosphoric industry. Keywords: Microbial community, bacteria, archaea, eucarya, mining residue. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol 13(30) 3023-3029 ...

  16. Intravascular imaging with a storage phosphor detector

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shikhaliev, Polad M; Petrek, Peter; Matthews, Kenneth L II; Fritz, Shannon G [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA (United States); Bujenovic, L Steven [PET Imaging Center, Our Lady of the Lake Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA (United States); Xu Tong, E-mail: pshikhal@lsu.ed [Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa (Canada)

    2010-05-21

    The aim of this study is to develop and test an intravascular positron imaging system based on a storage phosphor detector for imaging and detecting vulnerable plaques of human coronary arteries. The radiotracer F18-FDG accumulates in vulnerable plaques with inflammation of the overlying cap. The vulnerable plaques can, therefore, be imaged by recording positrons emitted from F18-FDG with a detector inserted into the artery. A prototype intravascular detector was constructed based on storage phosphor. The detector uses a flexible storage phosphor tube with 55 mm length, 2 mm diameter and 0.28 mm wall thickness. The intravascular detector is guided into the vessel using x-ray fluoroscopy and the accumulated x-ray signal must be erased prior to positron imaging. For this purpose, a light diffuser, 0.9 mm in diameter and 55 mm in length, was inserted into the detector tube. The light diffuser was connected to a laser source through a 2 m long optical fiber. The diffuser redirected the 0.38 W laser light to the inner surface of the phosphor detector to erase it. A heart phantom with 300 cm{sup 3} volume and three coronary arteries with 3.2 mm diameter and with several plaques was constructed. FDG solution with 0.5 {mu}Ci cm{sup -3} activity concentration was filled in the heart and coronary arteries. The detector was inserted in a coronary artery and the signal from the plaques and surrounding background activity was recorded for 2 min. Then the phosphor detector was extracted and read out using a storage phosphor reader. The light diffuser erased the signal resulting from fluoroscopic exposure to level below that encountered during positron imaging. Vulnerable plaques with area activities higher than 1.2 nCi mm{sup -2} were visualized by the detector. This activity is a factor of 10-20 lower than that expected in human vulnerable plaques. The detector was able to image the internal surface of the coronary vessels with 50 mm length and 360{sup 0} circumference. Spatial

  17. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Thin Silicon Passivation Film Deposited prior to Phosphorous Diffusion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ching-Tao Li

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We demonstrate the performance improvement of p-type single-crystalline silicon (sc-Si solar cells resulting from front surface passivation by a thin amorphous silicon (a-Si film deposited prior to phosphorus diffusion. The conversion efficiency was improved for the sample with an a-Si film of ~5 nm thickness deposited on the front surface prior to high-temperature phosphorus diffusion, with respect to the samples with an a-Si film deposited on the front surface after phosphorus diffusion. The improvement in conversion efficiency is 0.4% absolute with respect to a-Si film passivated cells, that is, the cells with an a-Si film deposited on the front surface after phosphorus diffusion. The new technique provided a 0.5% improvement in conversion efficiency compared to the cells without a-Si passivation. Such performance improvements result from reduced surface recombination as well as lowered contact resistance, the latter of which induces a high fill factor of the solar cell.

  18. Development of BaSO sub 4 :Eu thermoluminescence phosphor

    CERN Document Server

    Madhusoodanan, U; Lakshmanan, A R

    1999-01-01

    A highly sensitive thermoluminescence (TL) phosphor based on BaSO sub 4 :Eu was developed following the coprecipitation technique and firing in argon atmosphere at 1123 K. Photoluminescence studies confirm that firing in argon atmosphere instead of air increased the incorporation of Eu ions in 2+ valence state. At low gamma-ray doses, its TL sensitivity is nearly 2 to 3 times higher than that of CaSO sub 4 :Dy phosphor. The other salient features of this BaSO sub 4 :Eu TL phosphor are a constant glow curve shape and a nearly linear gamma-ray dose response.

  19. Rare Earth Doped Lanthanum Calcium Borate Polycrystalline Red Phosphors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. H. Xiong

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Single-phased Sm3+ doped lanthanum calcium borate (SmxLa2−xCaB10O19, SLCB, x=0.06 polycrystalline red phosphor was prepared by solid-state reaction method. The phosphor has two main excitation peaks located at 398.5 nm and 469.0 nm, which are nicely in accordance with the emitting wavelengths of commercial near-UV and blue light emitting diode chips. Under the excitation of 398.0 nm, the dominant red emission of Sm3+ in SLCB phosphor is centered at 598.0 nm corresponding to the transition of 4G5/2 → 6H7/2. The Eu3+ fluorescence in the red spectral region is applied as a spectroscopic probe to reveal the local site symmetry in the host lattice and, hence, Judd-Ofelt parameters Ωt  (t=2, 4 of Eu3+ in the phosphor matrix are derived to be 3.62×10-20 and 1.97×10-20 cm2, indicating a high asymmetrical and strong covalent environment around rare earth luminescence centers. Herein, the red phosphors are promising good candidates employed in white light emitting diodes (LEDs illumination.

  20. Photoluminescence studies on holmium (III) and praseodymium (III) doped calcium borophosphate (CBP) phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reddy Prasad, V.; Damodaraiah, S.; Devara, S. N.; Ratnakaram, Y. C.

    2018-05-01

    Using solid state reaction method, Ho3+ and Pr3+ doped calcium borophosphate (CBP) phosphors were prepared. These phosphors were characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, 31P solid state NMR, photoluminescence (PL) and decay profiles. Structural details were discussed from XRD and FT-IR spectra. From 31P NMR spectra of these phosphors, mono-phosphate complexes Q0-(PO43-) were observed. Photoluminescence spectra were measured for both Ho3+ and Pr3+ doped calcium borophosphate phosphors and the spectra were studied for different concentrations. Decay curves were obtained for the excited level, 5F4+5S2 of Ho3+ and 1D2 level of Pr3+ in these calcium borophosphate phosphors and lifetimes were measured. CIE color chromaticity diagrams are drawn for these two rare earth ions in calcium borophosphate phosphors. Results show that Ho3+ and Pr3+ doped CBP phosphors might be served as green and red luminescence materials.

  1. Preparation of red phosphor (Y, Gd)BO3:Eu by soft chemistry methods

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cui Xiangzhong; Zhuang Weidong; Yu Zhijian; Xia Tian; Huang Xiaowei; Li Hongwei

    2008-01-01

    The three soft chemistry methods were employed to prepare the red phosphor (Y, Gd)BO 3 :Eu, such as coprecipitation-combustion method, salt assisted combustion method and emulsion method. The main factors affecting particle size, particle distribution and luminescent properties of the product were investigated in detail, and as a result, the preparation processes were optimized. The phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra. Results reveal that phosphors with different morphology, small particle size and high luminescence intensity could be obtained by soft chemistry methods. The difference between the luminescence properties of phosphors in this work and commercial rare earth borate phosphor is discussed. The phosphor with grain shape and high luminescence intensity could be prepared by coprecipitation-combustion method, nanophosphor could be prepared by salt assisted combustion method, and spherical phosphor with a narrow size distribution could be obtained by using emulsion method

  2. World wide IFC phosphoric acid fuel cell implementation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    King, J.M. Jr

    1996-04-01

    International Fuel Cells, a subsidary of United technologies Corporation, is engaged in research and development of all types of fuel cell technologies and currently manufactures alkaline fuel cell power plants for the U.S. manned space flight program and natural gas fueled stationary power plants using phosphoric acid fuel cells. This paper describes the phosphoric acid fuel cell power plants.

  3. Pulsed laser deposited KY3F10: Ho3+ thin films: Influence of target to substrate

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Debelo, NG

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available The influence of target to substrate distance (dts) on the structural, morphological and photoluminescence (PL) properties of commercially obtained KY3F10 : Ho3+ phosphor thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition is investigated for dts values...

  4. A Thermographic Measurement Approach to Assess Supercapacitor Electrical Performances

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stanislaw Galla

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes a proposal for the qualitative assessment of condition of supercapacitors based on the conducted thermographic measurements. The presented measurement stand was accompanied by the concept of methodology of performing tests. Necessary conditions, which were needed to minimize the influence of disturbing factors on the performance of thermal imaging measurements, were also indicated. Mentioned factors resulted from both: the hardware limitations and from the necessity to prepare samples. The algorithm that was used to determine the basic parameters for assessment has been presented. The article suggests to use additional factors that may facilitate the analysis of obtained results. Measuring the usefulness of the proposed methodology was tested on commercial samples of supercapacitors. All of the tests were taken in conjunction with the classical methods based on capacitance (C and equivalent series resistance (ESR measurements, which were also presented in the paper. Selected results presenting the observed changes occurring in both: basic parameters of supercapacitors and accompanying fluctuations of thermal fields, along with analysis, were shown. The observed limitations of the proposed assessment method and the suggestions for its development were also described.

  5. Correlation of electrolyte-derived inclusions to crystallization in the early stage of anodic oxide film growth on titanium

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jaeggi, C., E-mail: christian.jaeggi@empa.ch [Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun (Switzerland); Parlinska-Wojtan, M., E-mail: magdalena.parlinska@empa.ch [Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Center for Electron Microscopy, Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf (Switzerland); Kern, P., E-mail: Philippe.Kern@neopac.ch [Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun (Switzerland)

    2012-01-01

    Pure titanium has been subjected to anodization in sulfuric and phosphoric acid. For a better understanding of the oxide growth and properties of the final film, with a particular interest focused on the solution anions in the early stage of crystallization, microstructural analyses (Raman, Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM]) of the oxide films were correlated to chemical depth profiling by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Raman spectroscopy shows that crystallization of the oxide films starts at potentials as low as 10-20 V. The onset of crystallization and the ongoing increase in crystallinity with increasing anodization potentials had already earlier been correlated to ac-impedance measurements [Jaeggi et al., Surf. Interface Anal. 38 (2006) 182]. TEM observations show a clear difference in the early phase of crystallization between oxides grown in 1 M sulfuric acid compared to 1 M phosphoric acid. Moreover, independent of electrolyte type, nano-sized pores from oxygen bubbles formation were revealed in the central part of the films. Until now, oxygen bubbles inside an anodically grown oxide have not been observed before without the presence of crystalline regions nearby. A growth model is proposed, in which the different starting locations of crystallization inside the films are correlated to the presence of the acid anions as residues in the film, as found by GDOES chemical depth-profiling.

  6. Initiation in the study of uranium recovery from the phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anchondo Adalid, J M

    1974-01-01

    The loss of considerable amounts of uranium in the Mexican phosphoric acid industry makes it important to study economic methods of recovery; the studies can serve as a basis for the construction and operation of a pilot plant as a normal preliminary to larger-scale projects. Routine experimental techniques for solvent extraction were employed. Extraction efficiencies of the order of 90-95% were obtained using 0.09-0.18M solutions of a mixture of phosphoric octyl esters applied to 4 and 6M solutions of phosphoric acid (reagent grade) containing uranium in concentrations of 0.05-0.50g of U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ per litre of acid. The conclusion was reached that phosphoric octyl esters can be used for recovering uranium in satisfactory quantities from phosphoric acid solutions by means of solvent extraction, and that the uranium can be separated from the solvent by the established procedures.

  7. Initiation in the study of uranium recovery from the phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anchondo Adalid, J.M.

    1974-01-01

    The loss of considerable amounts of uranium in the Mexican phosphoric acid industry makes it important to study economic methods of recovery; the studies can serve as a basis for the construction and operation of a pilot plant as a normal preliminary to larger-scale projects. Routine experimental techniques for solvent extraction were employed. Extraction efficiencies of the order of 90-95% were obtained using 0.09-0.18M solutions of a mixture of phosphoric octyl esters applied to 4 and 6M solutions of phosphoric acid (reagent grade) containing uranium in concentrations of 0.05-0.50g of U 3 O 8 per litre of acid. The conclusion was reached that phosphoric octyl esters can be used for recovering uranium in satisfactory quantities from phosphoric acid solutions by means of solvent extraction, and that the uranium can be separated from the solvent by the established procedures. (author)

  8. Method for the recovery of uranium from a concentrate using pure phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1980-01-01

    Procedure for the recovery of an uranium bearing concentrate and pure phosphoric acid from a wet process phosphoric acid from the treatment fluid with a precipitation means in conjunction with an organic diluent, the thus formed precipitate to separate and from the remaining mixture of phosphoric acid and diluent the phosphoric acid to extract, characterised in that one applies an inorganic fluorine compound. (G.C.)

  9. Phosphates and phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Becker, P [Compagnie Francaise de l' Azote, Paris (France)

    1983-01-01

    In chapter 8.5 the following aspects of uranium recovery are treated: basis of extraction process, extraction principle, solvents, strength of the acid to be treated, technology, main processes in use, impact of uranium recovery on phosphoric acid plants, and economics of uranium recovery plants.

  10. Airborne eXpendable BathyThermographs (AXBT) data from Ocean Surveys in the Gulf of Mexico during Hurricane Lili 2002-10-02 to 2002-10-04 (NCEI Accession 0159386)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — Airborne eXpendable BathyThermographs (AXBT) data from deployments during field operations to study Hurricane Lili. The data were used in model simulations for...

  11. Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Sensors for Thermographic Detection of Subsurface Anomalies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allison, Sidney G.; Winfree, William P.; Wu, Meng-Chou

    2009-01-01

    Conventional thermography with an infrared imager has been shown to be an extremely viable technique for nondestructively detecting subsurface anomalies such as thickness variations due to corrosion. A recently developed technique using fiber optic sensors to measure temperature holds potential for performing similar inspections without requiring an infrared imager. The structure is heated using a heat source such as a quartz lamp with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors at the surface of the structure to detect temperature. Investigated structures include a stainless steel plate with thickness variations simulated by small platelets attached to the back side using thermal grease. A relationship is shown between the FBG sensor thermal response and variations in material thickness. For comparison, finite element modeling was performed and found to agree closely with the fiber optic thermography results. This technique shows potential for applications where FBG sensors are already bonded to structures for Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring (IVHM) strain measurements and can serve dual-use by also performing thermographic detection of subsurface anomalies.

  12. Formation and dissolution of the anodic oxide film on zirconium in alcoholic aqueous solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mogoda, A.S.

    1995-01-01

    The dissolution behavior of the anodic oxide film formed in alcoholic aqueous solutions was studied. Results indicated the dissolution mechanism of the duplex oxide film followed a zero-order rate equation. The increase in methanol concentration in the formation medium (phosphoric acid [H 3 PO 4 ]) resulted in formation of an oxide film that incorporated little phosphate ion and that dissolved at a low rate. The dissolution rate of the oxide film decreased with increasing methanol concentration in the dissolution medium. This was attributed to the increase in the viscosity of the medium, which led to a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of the dissolution product of the zirconium oxide film. Dissolution of the anodic oxide film also was investigated as a function of the chain length of alcohols

  13. TL dosimetric characterization of gamma irradiated SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jayasudha, S., E-mail: jsnair.india@gmail.com [Mahatma Gandhi College, Kesavadasapuram, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India); Madhukumar, K.; Nair, C.M.K.; Nair, Resmi G. [Mahatma Gandhi College, Kesavadasapuram, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India); Rajesh, S. [Department of Materials & Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193 (Portugal); Elias, T.S. [State Institute of Cancer Research, Medical College P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695011 (India); Anandakumar, V.M. [Mahatma Gandhi College, Kesavadasapuram, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India); State Institute of Cancer Research, Medical College P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695011 (India); Department of Materials & Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193 (Portugal); Gopakumar, N. [Mahatma Gandhi College, Kesavadasapuram, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India)

    2017-03-15

    Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of SrSO{sub 4}:Eu nanostructured phosphor under gamma excitation has been studied and their suitability for environmental radiation dosimetry applications is discussed. The dopant level is tuned for optimum TL response. The effect of radiation dose and heating rate were investigated. The phosphor preserves linearity in the low dose region, 0.1 Gy to 20 Gy. PL studies of irradiated and un-irradiated phosphors reveal that the dopant Eu exists in divalent state and are the luminescence emission centres in the material. The fading properties of SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor are observed to be better than that of the commercial dosimeters TLD-200 and TLD-400. The kinetic parameters are calculated using Chen's method and initial rise method and verified by Computerized Glow curve Deconvolution (CGCD). The sensitivity of the synthesized phosphor is found to be very high when compared with that of the commercial standard dosimeter CaSO{sub 4}:Dy. The phosphor is found to be stable for short term radiation monitoring.

  14. A Low-Cost Environmental Monitoring System: How to Prevent Systematic Errors in the Design Phase through the Combined Use of Additive Manufacturing and Thermographic Techniques

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesco Salamone

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available nEMoS (nano Environmental Monitoring System is a 3D-printed device built following the Do-It-Yourself (DIY approach. It can be connected to the web and it can be used to assess indoor environmental quality (IEQ. It is built using some low-cost sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller board. The device is assembled in a small-sized case and both thermohygrometric sensors used to measure the air temperature and relative humidity, and the globe thermometer used to measure the radiant temperature, can be subject to thermal effects due to overheating of some nearby components. A thermographic analysis was made to rule out this possibility. The paper shows how the pervasive technique of additive manufacturing can be combined with the more traditional thermographic techniques to redesign the case and to verify the accuracy of the optimized system in order to prevent instrumental systematic errors in terms of the difference between experimental and actual values of the above-mentioned environmental parameters.

  15. A Low-Cost Environmental Monitoring System: How to Prevent Systematic Errors in the Design Phase through the Combined Use of Additive Manufacturing and Thermographic Techniques.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salamone, Francesco; Danza, Ludovico; Meroni, Italo; Pollastro, Maria Cristina

    2017-04-11

    nEMoS (nano Environmental Monitoring System) is a 3D-printed device built following the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) approach. It can be connected to the web and it can be used to assess indoor environmental quality (IEQ). It is built using some low-cost sensors connected to an Arduino microcontroller board. The device is assembled in a small-sized case and both thermohygrometric sensors used to measure the air temperature and relative humidity, and the globe thermometer used to measure the radiant temperature, can be subject to thermal effects due to overheating of some nearby components. A thermographic analysis was made to rule out this possibility. The paper shows how the pervasive technique of additive manufacturing can be combined with the more traditional thermographic techniques to redesign the case and to verify the accuracy of the optimized system in order to prevent instrumental systematic errors in terms of the difference between experimental and actual values of the above-mentioned environmental parameters.

  16. A novel KMgPO{sub 4}:Tb{sup 3+}(KMPT) phosphor for radiation dosimetry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palan, C.B., E-mail: chetanpalan27@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 44602 (India); Bajaj, N.S. [Department of Physics, Toshniwal ACS College, Sengaon, Hingoli 431542 (India); Soni, A. [Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400094 (India); Omanwar, S.K. [Department of Physics, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati 44602 (India)

    2016-08-15

    The polycrystalline sample of KMgPO{sub 4}:Tb{sup 3+}(KMPT) phosphor was successfully synthesized by using solid state method. The X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence (PL) emission and excitation spectra, thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) were thoroughly measured. The PL spectra of as-prepared KMPT phosphor showed characteristic blue-green emission, when excited by 226 nm under UV excitation. The optimum PL intensity was observed at 0.01 mol concentration of Tb{sup 3+}ions and this phosphor used for remaining studies. The TL glow curve of KMPT phosphor consist two characterized peaks, which were deconvoluted and the kinetic parameters i.e. trap depth or activation energy, order of kinetic and frequency factor determined by using peak shape method. TL sensitivity of KMPT phosphors was found to be 10% than that of TL sensitivity of TLD-500 phosphor. The OSL sensitivity of KMPT was 0.92 times than OSL sensitivity of α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}:C phosphor. The OSL decay curve KMPT phosphor consist of three component having photoionization cross sections were found to be 0.26548×10{sup −17}, 0.220×10{sup −17}, 2.92×10{sup −17} cm{sup 2}. The KMPT phosphor showed linear dose response in range 100–6000 mGy and fading of KMPT phosphor was found to be 31% in 15 days. The Minimum detectable dose (MDD) was found to be 0.39 mGy with corresponding 3σ back ground. The phosphor shows good dosimetry properties such as sensitivity, dose response, MDD, Fading.

  17. Thermoluminescence dosimetric characteristics of thulium doped ZnB2O4 phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Annalakshmi, O.; Jose, M.T.; Madhusoodanan, U.; Subramanian, J.; Venkatraman, B.; Amarendra, G.; Mandal, A.B.

    2014-01-01

    Polycrystalline powder samples of rare earth doped Zinc borates were synthesized by high temperature solid state diffusion technique. Dosimetric characteristics of the phosphor like thermoluminescence glow curve, TL emission spectra, dose–response, fading studies, reproducibility and reusability studies were carried out on the synthesized phosphors. Among the different rare earth doped phosphors, thulium doped zinc borate was found to have a higher sensitivity. Hence detailed dosimetric characteristics of this phosphor were carried out. It is observed that the dose–response is linear from 10 mGy to 10 3 Gy in this phosphor. EPR measurements were carried out on unirradiated, gamma irradiated and annealed phosphors to identify the defect centers responsible for thermoluminescence. A TL model is proposed based on the EPR studies in these materials. Kinetic parameters were evaluated for the dosimetric peaks using various methods. The experimental results show that this phosphor can have potential applications in radiation dosimetry applications. -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of rare earth doped zinc borates were synthesized. • Thulium was observed to be the most efficient dopant in ZnB 2 O 4 lattice. • TL intensity of the dosimetric peak is around 20 times that of TLD-100. • Based on EPR studies a TL mechanism is proposed in zinc borate. • Deconvolution of the glow curve carried out

  18. Persistent phosphors for painting, medical and biological applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nazarov, M.

    2013-01-01

    Multiphase micro and nanoparticle persistent phosphors are synthesized and applied for different fields including painting, medical and biological investigations. A lot of examples show a broad range of applications of persistent luminescence from bulk materials to high tech products, especially in medicine. The development of high efficiency nanosized phosphor makes it possible to propose persistent materials as very good candidates for photodynamic therapy of cancer. An artificial block from slag, concrete, and sand covered with SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ based phosphor is prepared, and a new direction in biology for algae cultivation and artificial reef is discussed. For the first time, underwater luminescence is experimentally studied under real sea conditions. Bright blue-green long-lasting afterglow is registered at a depth of 5 m. The fishes are attracted by the light of the artificial reef. (author)

  19. Measurement of thermal neutron fluence with CaSO4 thermoluminescent phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Jinhua; Su Jingling; Wei Zemin

    1984-01-01

    During neutron irradiation, some TL phosphors were activated. After leaving the irradiation field the TL phosphor produced self-irradiation. The TL output of self-dose was only related to the original neutron fluence and independent of the γ-radiation. Several CaSO 4 TL phosphors were made. They were CaSO 4 :Dy, CaSO 4 :Dy-Teflon, CaSO 4 :Dy mixed with Dy 2 O 3 , CaSO 4 :Mn mixed with Dy 2 O 3 . The linearity, and lower detection limits of these TL phosphors were measured. The thermal neutron response of CaSO 4 :Mn mixed with Dy 2 O 3 was 64 R/(10 10 cm -2 ) and the lower detection limit was 1.3x10 5 cm -2

  20. Method of formation of thin film component

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wada, Chikara; Kato, Kinya

    1988-04-16

    In the production process of component which is carrying thin film device, such as thin film transistor, acid treatment is applied for etching or for preventing contamination. In case of barium borsilicate glass base, the base is affected by the acid treatment resulting the decrease of transparency. To avoid the effect, deposition of SiO/sub 2/ layer on the surface of the base is usually applied. This invention relates to the protective method of barium borosilicate surface by harnessing the effect of coexisting ion in the acid treatment bath. The method is to add 0.03-5 mol/l of phosphoric acid or its salt in the bath. By the effect of coexisting ion, barium borsilicate glass surface was protected from the damage. (2 figs)

  1. A novel orange emissive phosphor SrWO4:Sm3+ for white light-emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ju Zhenghua; Wei Ruiping; Ma Jingxin; Pang Chaoran; Liu Weisheng

    2010-01-01

    Research highlights: → A novel orange emissive phosphor SrWO 4 :Sm 3+ was firstly reported. → The optics properties of Sm 3+ -doped SrWO 4 phosphor were successfully discussed. → The temperature-dependent luminescence indicates the phosphor exhibits a small thermal-quenching property. → The phosphor is a potential candidate as orange-emitting component for white LED. - Abstract: A novel orange emissive phosphor, Sm 3+ -doped SrWO 4 , was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction in air atmosphere. The excitation spectra show that the phosphors can be efficiently excited by ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet light, the optimized concentration is 4 mol%. Three emission peaks locate at 562, 596 and 642 nm, corresponding to CIE chromaticity coordinates of (x = 0.54, y = 0.46), which indicates the orange light emitting. The decay curves are well fitted with triple-exponential decay models. The quantum yield of the Sr 0.96 Sm 0.04 WO 4 phosphor is about 70.65% under excitation of 377 nm. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent luminescence indicates the phosphor exhibits a small thermal-quenching property. So the phosphor is able to be applied to UV-LED chip-based white light-emitting diodes.

  2. Method for separating mono- and di-octylphenyl phosphoric acid esters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arnold, W.D. Jr.

    1977-01-01

    A method for separating mono-octylphenyl phosphoric acid ester and di-octylphenyl phosphoric acid ester from a mixture thereof comprises reacting the ester mixture with a source of lithium or sodium ions to form a mixture of the phosphate salts; contacting the salt mixture with an organic solvent which causes the dioctylphenyl phosphate salt to be dissolved in the organic solvent phase and the mono-octylphenyl phosphate salt to exist in a solid phase; separating the phases; recovering the phosphate salts from their respective phases; and acidifying the recovered salts to form the original phosphoric acid esters

  3. Interfacial Engineering of Nanoporous Architectures in Ga2O3 Film toward Self-Aligned Tubular Nanostructure with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity on Water Splitting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shrestha, Nabeen K; Bui, Hoa Thi; Lee, Taegweon; Noh, Yong-Young

    2018-04-17

    The present work demonstrates the formation of self-aligned nanoporous architecture of gallium oxide by anodization of gallium metal film controlled at -15 °C in aqueous electrolyte consisting of phosphoric acid. SEM examination of the anodized film reveals that by adding ethylene glycol to the electrolyte and optimizing the ratio of phosphoric acid and water, chemical etching at the oxide/electrolyte interfaces can be controlled, leading to the formation of aligned nanotubular oxide structures with closed bottom. XPS analysis confirms the chemical composition of the oxide film as Ga 2 O 3 . Further, XRD and SAED examination reveals that the as-synthesized nanotubular structure is amorphous, and can be crystallized to β-Ga 2 O 3 phase by annealing the film at 600 °C. The nanotubular structured film, when used as photoanode for photoelectrochemical splitting of water, achieved a higher photocurrent of about two folds than that of the nanoporous film, demonstrating the rewarding effect of the nanotubular structure. In addition, the work also demonstrates the formation of highly organized nonporous Ga 2 O 3 structure on a nonconducting glass substrate coated with thin film of Ga-metal, highlighting that the current approach can be extended for the formation of self-organized nanoporous Ga 2 O 3 thin film even on nonconducting flexible substrates.

  4. Uranium extraction in phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo Figueiredo, C. de

    1984-01-01

    Uranium is recovered from the phosphoric liquor produced from the concentrate obtained from phosphorus-uraniferous mineral from Itataia mines (CE, Brazil). The proposed process consists of two extraction cycles. In the first one, uranium is reduced to its tetravalent state and then extracted by dioctylpyrophosphoric acid, diluted in Kerosene. Re-extraction is carried out with concentrated phosphoric acid containing an oxidising agent to convert uranium to its hexavalent state. This extract (from the first cycle) is submitted to the second cycle where uranium is extracted with DEPA-TOPO (di-2-hexylphosphoric acid/tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide) in Kerosene. The extract is then washed and uranium is backextracted and precipitated as commercial concentrate. The organic phase is recovered. Results from discontinuous tests were satisfactory, enabling to establish operational conditions for the performance of a continuous test in a micro-pilot plant. (Author) [pt

  5. Film-Screen Mammography versus digital storage plate mammography: Hard copy and monitor display of microcalcifications and focal findings - A retrospective clinical and histologic analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schulz-Wendtland, R.; Wenkel, E.; Aichinger, U.; Tartsch, M.; Kuchar, I.; Bautz, W.

    2003-01-01

    Purpose: A retrospective clinical-histological study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of mammography using conventional screen-film cassettes (hard copy), high-resolution digital phosphor storage plates (hard copy) and monitor display (soft copy) for microcalcifications and focal lesions (BI-RADS TM category 4 or 5). Materials and methods: From April to November 2001, 76 patients underwent conventional film-screen mammography and, after diagnosis and preoperative wire localization, digital mammography with the same exposure parameters. Five investigators retrospectively determined the diagnosis after the operation from randomly distributed mediolateral views (hard-copy reading) and from the monitor display (soft-copy reading). These results were correlated with the final histology. Results: The accuracy of conventional screen-film mammography, digital mammography and monitor-displayed mammography was 67%, 65% and 68% for all findings, (n = 76), 59%, 59% and 68% for microcalcifications (n = 44) and 75%, 72% and 63% for focal lesions (n = 32). The overall results showed no difference. Conclusions: Our findings indicate equivalence of conventional screen-film mammography, high-resolution digital phosphor storage plate mammography and monitor-displayed mammography. (orig.) [de

  6. Recovery of zinc in phosphor wastes via electrokinetic treatments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu, M.Y.; Wang, H. Paul; Chen, C.Y.; Hsiung, T.-L.; Wei, Yu-Ling; Tai, H.-S.; Chiang, K.-C.

    2007-01-01

    Speciation of zinc in phosphor wastes during electrokinetic treatments has been studied by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy in the present work. The least-square fits of the in situ XANES spectra show that the major zinc species in the phosphor waste are ZnS (77%), ZnO (10%), and Zn(OH) 2 (13%). During the electrokinetic treatment for 90 min, 25% of ZnS and 4% of ZnO are dissolved. About 42% of zinc is enriched on the cathode under the electric field (5 V/cm). Prolonging the electrokinetic treatment time to 4 h under the electric field of 5 V/cm, at least 80% of zinc in the phosphor waste can be recovered

  7. Quantitative Characterization of Phosphor Detector for Fusion Plasmas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baciero, A.; Zurro, B.; McCarthy, K. J.

    2004-01-01

    Experiments made to characterize phosphor screens with application as broadband radiation detectors, are described. Several radiation sources, covering the spectral range between the ultraviolet and X ray, were used. In addition, details are given of three original phosphor-screen-based detectors that were designed for use as broadband detectors in magnetically confined fusion devices. The first measurements obtained with these detectors in plasmas created in the TJ-II stellarator device are presented together with the analysis performed. (Author)

  8. High-efficient, bicolor-emitting GdVO_4:Dy"3"+ phosphor under near ultraviolet excitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, Jinjin; Zhou, Jia; Jia, Huayu; Tian, Yue

    2015-01-01

    Bicolor emitting GdVO_4:Dy"3"+ phosphor with short columniation-shape was prepared via a simple co-precipitation process. The optimal doping concentration for obtaining maximal luminescent intensity was confirmed to be 0.3 mol% and the electric dipole–dipole interaction is responsible for concentration quenching of Dy"3"+ emission in GdVO_4 phosphor. In order to evaluate the luminescent performance of as-prepared phosphor, the luminescent efficiency and color coordinates were studied. The results show that luminescent efficiency of this phosphor is very high under near UV excitation and twice times higher than commercial Y_2O_2S:Eu"3"+ phosphor. In addition, the color coordinates for optimal Dy"3"+ concentration are (0.339, 0.379), which are close to equal energy point. Therefore, the GdVO_4:Dy"3"+ phosphor may have potential application for solid state lighting.

  9. Preparation and physical properties of (PVA0.7(NaBr0.3(H3PO4xM solid acid membrane for phosphoric acid – Fuel cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. Ahmad

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available A solid acid membranes based on poly (vinyl alcohol (PVA, sodium bromide (NaBr and phosphoric acid (H3PO4 were prepared by a solution casting method. The morphological, IR, electrical and optical properties of the (PVA0.7(NaBr0.3(H3PO4xM solid acid membranes where x = 0.00, 0.85, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 M were investigated. The variation of film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM studies. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to characterize the structure of polymer and confirms the complexation of phosphoric acid with host polymeric matrix. The temperature dependent nature of ionic conductivity and the impedance of the polymer electrolytes were determined along with the associated activation energy. The ionic conductivity at room temperature was found to be strongly depends on the H3PO4 concentration which it has been achieved to be of the order 4.3 × 10−3 S/cm at ambient temperature. Optical measurements showed a decrease in optical band gap and an increase in band tail width with the increase of phosphoric acid. The data shows that the (PVA0.7(NaBr0.3(H3PO4xM solid acid membrane is promising for intermediate temperature phosphoric acid fuel cell applications.

  10. Multifunctional Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    Multifunctional Poly(2,5- benzimidazole )/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films JI-YE KANG,1 SOO-MI EO,1 IN-YUP JEON,1 YEONG SUK CHOI,2 LOON-SENG TAN,3 JONG...molecular-weight poly(2,5- benzimidazole ) (ABPBI). ABPBI/carbon nanotube (CNT) compo- sites were prepared via in situ polymerization of the AB-monomer in the...polymerization; multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT); nano- composites; poly(2,5- benzimidazole ); (ABPBI); polycondensa- tion; poly(phosphoric acid); single-walled

  11. A study of mammographic and thermographic findings in breast diseases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cho, Won Sik; Jeon, Woo Ki; Kim, Jeong Sook; Han, Chang Yul

    1989-01-01

    The ideal diagnostic methods in breast diseases consist of the physical examination and complementary radiologic examination. In radiologic examination mammography is the most popular screening methods and the older simple complementary method is thermography which is efficient under the conditions of elevated skin temperature in inflammatory and malignant lesions. From Jan. 1st 1987 through Jan. 30th, 1988, 110 pts. with complaints of mammary problems were examined by mammography and thermography at Paik Hospital, Inje University. The authors selected and analyzed 97 cases had been pathologically proved through the operation and the fine needle aspiration biopsy. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent age group was 5th decade (40%) in cancer, 4th decade (47%) in mammary dysplasia and followed by fibroadenoma (63%) in 4th decade. 2. The mammographic and thermographic findings were compared between the mammary dysplasia and the infiltrating ductal cancer. In mammary dysplasia abnormal hot emissions were appeared in 9/44 (17%) correlated with atypical hyperchromatic cytoplasm relates to pre-malignant group. 3. We hope and expect the early detection of breast cancer through the follow-up study in pre-malignant group of mammary dysplasia

  12. Promotion of Crystal Growth on Biomass-based Carbon using Phosphoric Acid Treatments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liwei Yu

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The effect of phosphoric acid treatments on graphitic microcrystal growth of biomass-based carbons was investigated using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Although biomass-based carbons are believed to be hard to graphitize even after heat treatments well beyond 2000 °C, we found that graphitic microcrystals of biomass-based carbons were significantly promoted by phosphoric acid treatments above 800 °C. Moreover, twisted spindle-like whiskers were formed on the surface of the carbons. This suggests that phosphorus-containing groups turn graphitic microcrystalline domains into graphite during phosphoric acid treatments. In addition, the porous texture of the phosphoric acid-treated carbon has the advantage of micropore development.

  13. Phosphors for near UV-Emitting LED's for Efficacious Generation of White Light

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McKittrick, Joanna [Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States)

    2013-09-30

    1) We studied phosphors for near-UV (nUV) LED application as an alternative to blue LEDs currently being used in SSL systems. We have shown that nUV light sources could be very efficient at high current and will have significantly less binning at both the chip and phosphor levels. We identified phosphor blends that could yield 4100K lamps with a CRI of approximately 80 and LPWnUV,opt equal to 179 for the best performing phosphor blend. Considering the fact that the lamps were not optimized for light coupling, the results are quite impressive. The main bottleneck is an optimum blue phosphor with a peak near 440 nm with a full width half maximum of about 25 nm and a quantum efficiency of >95%. Unfortunately, that may be a very difficult task when we want to excite a phosphor at ~400 nm with a very small margin for Stokes shift. Another way is to have all the phosphors in the blend having the excitation peak at 400 nm or slightly shorter wavelength. This could lead to a white light source with no body color and optimum efficacy due to no self-absorption effects by phosphors in the blend. This is even harder than finding an ideal blue phosphor, but not necessarily impossible. 2) With the phosphor blends identified, light sources using nUV LEDs at high current could be designed with comparable efficacy to those using blue LEDs. It will allow us to design light sources with multiple wattages using the same chips and phosphor blends simply by varying the input current. In the case of blue LEDs, this is not currently possible because varying the current will lower the efficacy at high current and alter the color point. With improvement of phosphor blends, control over CRI could improve. Less binning at the chip level and also at the phosphor blend level could reduce the cost of SSL light sources. 3) This study provided a deeper understanding of phosphor characteristics needed for LEDs in general and nUV LEDs in particular. Two students received Ph.D. degrees and three

  14. Wiener spectral effects of spatial correlation between the sites of characteristic x-ray emission and reabsorption in radiographic screen-film systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Metz, C E; Vyborny, C J [Chicago Univ., IL (USA). Dept. of Radiology

    1983-05-01

    When characteristic x-rays are generated and reabsorbed in the phosphor of a radiographic screen-film system, the positions at which light is emitted from the initial and secondary interactions are correlated. A simple statistical model is developed to account for the effect of this correlation on the Wiener spectrum of quantum mottle. Unlike previous models, which ignore spatial correlation, the new model predicts that not only noise magnitude but also noise texture is changed as the incident x-ray energy exceeds the phosphor K-edge.

  15. Luminescence and electron degradation properties of Bi doped CaO phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yousif, A. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11115 Omdurman (Sudan); Kroon, R.E.; Coetsee, E.; Ntwaeaborwa, O.M. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Seed Ahmed, H.A.A. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa); Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11115 Omdurman (Sudan); Swart, H.C., E-mail: swarthc@ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA 9300 (South Africa)

    2015-11-30

    Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Blue emitting Ca{sub 1−x}O:Bi{sub x=0.5%} phosphor powder was successfully prepared. • Strong blue near-UV emission was obtained. • Electron beam induced cathodoluminescence intensity degradation occurred. • XPS was successfully used to explain the degradation process. - Abstract: Ca{sub 1−x}O:Bi{sub x=0.5%} phosphor powder was successfully synthesized by the sol-gel combustion method. The structure, morphology and luminescent properties of the phosphor were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. The results showed that the Ca{sub 1−x}O:Bi{sub x=0.5%} consisted of single face-centred cubic crystals and that the phosphor particles were uniformly distributed. When the phosphor was excited by a xenon lamp at 355 nm, or a 325 nm He–Cd laser, or electron beam, it emitted strongly in the blue near-UV range with a wavelength of 395 nm ({sup 3}P{sub 1} → {sup 1}S{sub 0} transition of Bi{sup 3+}). The CL intensity was monitored as a function of the accelerating voltage and also as a function of the beam current. The powder was also subjected to a prolonged electron beam irradiation to study the electron beam induced CL intensity degradation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the Ca{sub 1−x}O:Bi{sub x=0.5%} phosphor sample surface before and after degradation.

  16. Phosphorous Diffuser Diverged Blue Laser Diode for Indoor Lighting and Communication

    KAUST Repository

    Chi, Yu-Chieh

    2015-12-21

    An advanced light-fidelity (Li-Fi) system based on the blue Gallium nitride (GaN) laser diode (LD) with a compact white-light phosphorous diffuser is demonstrated for fusing the indoor white-lighting and visible light communication (VLC). The phosphorous diffuser adhered blue GaN LD broadens luminescent spectrum and diverges beam spot to provide ample functionality including the completeness of Li-Fi feature and the quality of white-lighting. The phosphorous diffuser diverged white-light spot covers a radiant angle up to 120o with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.37). On the other hand, the degradation on throughput frequency response of the blue LD is mainly attributed to the self-feedback caused by the reflection from the phosphor-air interface. It represents the current state-of-the-art performance on carrying 5.2-Gbit/s orthogonal frequency-division multiplexed 16-quadrature-amplitude modulation (16-QAM OFDM) data with a bit error rate (BER) of 3.1 × 10−3 over a 60-cm free-space link. This work aims to explore the plausibility of the phosphorous diffuser diverged blue GaN LD for future hybrid white-lighting and VLC systems.

  17. Luminescence properties of dysprosium doped calcium magnesium silicate phosphor by solid state reaction method

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sahu, Ishwar Prasad, E-mail: ishwarprasad1986@gmail.com [School of Studies in Physics & Astrophysics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G. 492010 (India); Chandrakar, Priya; Baghel, R.N.; Bisen, D.P.; Brahme, Nameeta [School of Studies in Physics & Astrophysics, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, C.G. 492010 (India); Tamrakar, Raunak Kumar [Department of Applied Physics, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G. 491001 (India)

    2015-11-15

    Dysprosium doped calcium magnesium silicate (CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+}) white light emitting phosphor was synthesized by solid state reaction process. The crystal structure of sintered phosphor was monoclinic structure with space group C2/c. Chemical composition of the sintered CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor was confirmed by EDX. The prepared CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor was excited from 352 nm and their corresponding emission spectra were recorded at blue (470 nm), yellow (570 nm) and red (675 nm) line due to the {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 15/2}, {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 13/2}, {sup 4}F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H{sub 11/2} transitions of Dy{sup 3+} ions. The combination of these three emissions constituted as white light confirmed by the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromatic coordinate diagram. The possible mechanism of the white light emitting long lasting CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor was also investigated. Investigation on afterglow property show that phosphor held fast and slow decay process. The peak of mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity increases linearly with increasing impact velocity of the moving piston. Thus the present investigation indicates that the local piezoelectricity-induced electron bombardment model is responsible to produce ML in prepared CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor. - Highlights: • The crystal structure of CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor is consistent with standard monoclinic structure. • CIE coordinates of CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor is suitable as white light emitting phosphor. • The local piezoelectricity-induced electron bombardment model is responsible to produce ML in CaMgSi{sub 2}O{sub 6}:Dy{sup 3+} phosphor.

  18. Flocculation of suspended matter in a crude wet phosphoric acid (Algeria)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brikci Nigassa, M.; Bensebaa, A.

    1994-11-01

    Prior to the recovery of uranium, a pre-treatment of the phosphoric acid is necessary to remove soluble impurities of different origins. In this work, synthetic flocculants have been used. the influence of operating conditions on flocculation and filtration, such as, type of flocculants, polymer concentration, temperature, mixing and time of agitation, has been studied for both aged and fresh phosphoric acid. It has been shown that synthetic flocculants can be used for flocculation ins a phosphoric acid medium and that flocculation and filtration processes are strongly linked

  19. The Monte Carlo evaluation of noise and resolution properties of granular phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liaparinos, P F; Kandarakis, I S

    2009-01-01

    The imaging performance of phosphor screens, used as x-ray detectors in diagnostic medical imaging systems, is affected by their both noise and resolution properties. Amplification and blurring processes are due to a sequence of conversion stages within the screen which contribute to fluctuations in the number and spatial distribution of the optical quanta recorded by the optical detector (e.g. film, television camera, CCD, etc). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic noise arising from granularity as well as the variation of spatial resolution of granular fluorescent screens in terms of the detector's structure. Using a custom-validated Monte Carlo model, the parameters of interest were evaluated for the widely used Gd 2 O 2 S:Tb phosphor material. We have studied the variations of (i) the modulation transfer function, (ii) the Swank factor and (iii) the zero-frequency detective quantum efficiency (DQE), under several conditions employed in conventional and digital mammography and radiology. Several evaluations are provided for the imaging metrics as a function of the x-ray energy (18 keV, 49 keV and 51 keV), phosphor coating weight (20 mg cm -2 , 34 mg cm -2 and 60 mg cm -2 ), grain size (from 4 μm up to 13 μm) and packing density (from 50% up to 85%). It was found that screens of high packing density can combine high zero-frequency DQE with improved resolution properties. For a digital mammographic imaging system (34 mg cm -2 , 18 keV), a packing density of 85% can improve the spatial resolution of the screen by 1.6 cycles mm -1 in comparison to that of 50% packing density. Similarly, for radiographic cases (60 mg cm -2 , 49 keV), the spatial resolution can be improved by 1.7 cycles mm -1 . The aforementioned findings provide the resolution benefits of using high packing density screens.

  20. TL-OSL study of Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4}: Mg, Cu phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rahangdale, S. R., E-mail: sachin.rahangdale1@gmail.com; Wankhede, S. P. [Department of Physics, K.D.K.College of Engineering, Nagpur (India); Dhabekar, B. S. [RPAD, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085 (India); Palikundwar, U. A.; Moharil, S. V. [Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440010 (India)

    2015-08-28

    In the present work, we report the thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence properties of Mg and Cu doped Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} phosphor. The phosphor was synthesized by precipitation method. The thermoluminescence dosimetric peak temperature for the phosphor varies with concentrations of Mg and Cu. Li{sub 3}PO{sub 4} shows good response to 470nm optical stimulation. The OSL sensitivity of the phosphor is approximately 12 times than that of standard Lithium magnesium phosphate. This study may help to develop this material for the application in real time dosimetry using optically stimulated luminescence.

  1. Technique of proton and phosphorous MR spectroscopy; Technik der Protonen- und Phosphor-MR-Spektroskopie

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Backens, M. [Universitaetsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Homburg/Saar (Germany)

    2017-06-15

    Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important non-invasive method that can reveal the concentration and spatial distribution of particular biochemically relevant tissue metabolites. Proton MRS is routinely applicable in the clinical setting providing good quality results even with a moderate magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Relative values of metabolite concentrations are mostly used for the assessment of metabolic disorders. Absolute quantification of metabolites can be achieved by means of internal or external reference scans. Phosphorous MRS extends the range of detectable molecules to energy and cell membrane metabolism. The lower detection limit of metabolite concentrations is in the range of some mmol/kg. Depending on the magnetic field strength, MRS enables a spatial resolution of a few milliliters. The use of phosphorous MRS is considerably limited because higher field strengths of at least 3.0 T and additional expensive hardware for signal processing are required. (orig.) [German] Die MR-Spektroskopie (MRS) ist eine wichtige nichtinvasive Untersuchungsmethode, die Konzentration und raeumliche Verteilung einiger biochemisch relevanter Metaboliten im Gewebe ermitteln kann. Die Protonenspektroskopie ist klinisch etabliert, in der Routine einfach durchfuehrbar und liefert bereits bei einer Magnetfeldstaerke von 1,5 T qualitativ gute Ergebnisse. Fuer die Beurteilung von Stoffwechselveraenderungen werden Metabolitenkonzentrationen meist als Relativwerte angegeben. Mithilfe interner oder externer Referenzmessungen sind auch absolute Metabolitenkonzentrationen berechenbar. Die Phosphorspektroskopie erweitert den Bereich der detektierbaren Molekuele auf den Energie- und Zellmembranstoffwechsel. Die minimale nachweisbare Metabolitenkonzentration liegt bei einigen mmol/kg. Abhaengig von der Magnetfeldstaerke ist eine raeumliche Aufloesung der MRS von wenigen Millilitern erreichbar. Der Einsatz der Phosphor-MRS wird dadurch erheblich eingeschraenkt, dass sie

  2. Contrast and decay of cathodoluminescence from phosphor particles in a scanning electron microscope

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Engelsen, Daniel den; Harris, Paul G.; Ireland, Terry G., E-mail: terry.ireland@brunel.ac.uk; Fern, George R.; Silver, Jack

    2015-10-15

    Cathodoluminescence (CL) studies are reported on phosphors in a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). ZnO: Zn and other luminescent powders manifest a bright ring around the periphery of the particles: this ring enhances the contrast. Additionally, particles resting on top of others are substantially brighter than underlying ones. These phenomena are explained in terms of the combined effects of electrons backscattered out of the particles, together with light absorption by the substrate. The contrast is found to be a function of the particle size and the energy of the primary electrons. Some phosphor materials exhibit a pronounced comet-like structure at high scan rates in a CL-image, because the particle continues to emit light after the electron beam has moved to a position without phosphor material. Image analysis has been used to study the loss of brightness along the tail and hence to determine the decay time of the materials. The effect of phosphor saturation on the determination of decay times by CL-microscopy was also investigated. - Highlights: • Contrast enhancement are observed in secondary electron and cathodoluminescent images of phosphor particles sitting on top of others. • Backscattered electrons largely explain the observed contrast enhancement. • After glow effects in CL-micrographs of phosphors enable the determination of decay times. • Phosphor saturation can be used to determine the decay time of individual spectral transitions.

  3. Structural and spectral properties of MgZnO2:Sm3+ phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rajput, Preasha; Sharma, Pallavi; Biswas, Pankaj; Kamni

    2018-05-01

    The samarium doped MgZnO2 phosphor was synthesized by the low-cost combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystallinity and phase purity of the phosphor. The lattice parameters were determined by indexing the diffraction peaks. The photoluminescence (PL) study revealed that the phosphor exhibited a broad excitation band in the UV region ranging between 200 to 350 nm. The 601 nm emission was ascribed to 4G5/2 to 6H7/2 transitions of the Sm3+ ion. The optical bandgap of MgZnO2:Sm3+ was obtained to be 3.56 eV. The phosphor can be projected as a useful material in X- and gamma-ray scintillators.

  4. Mechanoluminescence and photoluminescence of Pr3+ activated KMgF3 phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dhoble, S.J.; Kher, R.S.; Furetta, C.

    2003-01-01

    A Czochralski method for the preparation of crystalline KMgF 3 : Pr phosphors are reported. Photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) characteristics are studied. Photoluminescence of Pr 3+ activated KMgF 3 shows the strong emission of Pr 3+ ions were observed at 498 and 650 nm by excitation of 213 mn. ML of KMgF 3 : Pr 3+ shows two peaks, which have been observed in ML intensity versus time curve. The ML peak shows the recombination of electrons with free radical (anion radical produced by γ-irradiation) released from two type traps during the mechanical pressure applied on KMgF 3 : Pr 3+ phosphor. It has a supra linear ML response with γ-ray exposure and a negligible fading. These properties of phosphor should be suitable in dosimetry of ionization relation using ML technique. Therefore the KMgF 3 : Pr 3+ phosphor proposed for ML dosimetry of ionization radiations. (Author)

  5. Rare earth activated yttrium aluminate phosphors with modulated luminescence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muresan, L E; Popovici, E J; Perhaita, I; Indrea, E; Oro, J; Casan Pastor, N

    2016-06-01

    Yttrium aluminate (Y3 A5 O12 ) was doped with different rare earth ions (i.e. Gd(3+) , Ce(3+) , Eu(3+) and/or Tb(3+) ) in order to obtain phosphors (YAG:RE) with general formula,Y3-x-a Gdx REa Al5 O12 (x = 0; 1.485; 2.97 and a = 0.03). The synthesis of the phosphor samples was done using the simultaneous addition of reagents technique. This study reveals new aspects regarding the influence of different activator ions on the morpho-structural and luminescent characteristics of garnet type phosphor. All YAG:RE phosphors are well crystallized powders containing a cubic-Y3 Al5 O12 phase as major component along with monoclinic-Y4 Al2 O9 and orthorhombic-YAlO3 phases as the impurity. The crystallites dimensions of YAG:RE phosphors vary between 38 nm and 88 nm, while the unit cell slowly increase as the ionic radius of the activator increases. Under UV excitation, YAG:Ce exhibits yellow emission due to electron transition in Ce(3+) from the 5d level to the ground state levels ((2) F5/2 , (2) F7/2 ). The emission intensity of Ce(3+) is enhanced in the presence of the Tb(3+) ions and is decreased in the presence of Eu(3+) ions due to some radiative or non-radiative processes that take place between activator ions. By varying the rare earth ions, the emission colour can be modulated from green to white and red. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  6. Characterization of metallic surfaces in phosphorous-bronze ordered packings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sandru, Claudia; Titescu, Gh.

    1997-01-01

    Copper and its alloys, particularly the phosphorous bronze, are characterized by a high water wettability as compared with other materials. This feature led to utilization of phosphorous bronze in fabrication of contact elements, a packing type equipping the distillation columns. For heavy water separation by isotopic distillation under vacuum, ordered packings of phosphorous bronze networks were fabricated. The superior performances of these packings are determined by the material and also by the geometrical form and the state of the metallic surface. Thus, a procedure of evaluating the wettability has been developed, based on tests of the network material. The results of the tests constitute a criterion of rating the functional performances of packings, particularly of their efficiencies. Also, investigation techniques of the chemical composition and of the thickness of superficial layer on the packing were developed. It was found that the packing surface presents a layer of about 5-20 μm formed mainly by oxides of copper, tin, and, depending on the packing treatment, of oxides of other elements coming from the treatment agent. The paper presents characterization of phosphorous bronze treated with potassium permanganate, a specific treatment for improving the functional performances of the packings used in the heavy water concentration and re-concentration installations

  7. Deposition of yttrium oxysulfide thin films by atomic layer epitaxy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kukli, K.; University of Tartu, Tartu,; Johansson, L-S.; Nykaenen, E.; Peussa, M.; Ninistoe, L.

    1998-01-01

    Full text: Yttrium oxysulfide is a highly interesting material for optoelectronic applications. It is industrially exploited in the form of doped powder in catholuminescent phosphors, e.g. Y 2 O 2 S: Eu 3+ for colour TV. Attempts to grow thin films of Y 2 O 2 S have not been frequent and only partially successful due to the difficulties in obtaining crystalline films at a reasonable temperature. Furthermore, sputtering easily leads to a sulphur deficiency. Evaporation of the elements from a multi-source offers a better control of the stoichiometry resulting in hexagonal (0002) oriented films at 580 deg C. In this paper we present the first successful thin film growth experiments using a chemical process with molecular precursors. Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) allows the use of a relatively low deposition temperature and thus compatibility with other technologies. Already at 425 deg C the reaction between H 2 S and Y(thd) 3 (thd = 2,2,6,6 - tetramethyl-heptane-3,5- dione) yields a crystalline Y 2 O 2 S thin film which was characterized by XRD, XRF and XPS

  8. Study of some thermoluminescent phosphors for the dosimetry of ionizing radiations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jaafari, M.

    1983-01-01

    Thermoluminescence dosimetry techniques are reviewed and interactions radiation matter are recalled. The need for new phosphors is evidenced. Numerous phosphors are examined and calcium, strontium and barium sulfides are synthetized and deposited on glass supports. The thermoluminescence of the dosimeters obtained with these materials is analyzed [fr

  9. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on material properties of Eu{sup 3+}-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S thin film deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ali, A.G., E-mail: aliag@qwa.ufs.ac.za [Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Dejene, B.F. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866 (South Africa); Swart, H.C. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300 (South Africa)

    2016-01-01

    Eu{sup 3+}-doping has been of interest to improve the luminescent characteristics of thin-film phosphors. Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu{sup 3+} films have been grown on Si (100) substrates by using a Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The thin films grown under different oxygen deposition pressure conditions have been characterized using structural and luminescent measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed mixed phases of cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. As the oxygen partial pressure increased, the crystallinity of the films improved. Further increase of the O{sub 2} pressure to 140 mtorr reduced the crystallinity of the film. Similarly, both scanning electron microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy confirmed that an increase in O{sub 2} pressure affected the morphology of the films. The average band gap of the films calculated from diffuse reflectance spectra using the Kubelka–Munk function was about 4.75 eV. The photoluminescence measurements indicated red emission of Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu{sup 3+} thin films with the most intense peak appearing at 619 nm, which is assigned to the {sup 5}D{sub 0}–{sup 7}F{sub 2} transition of Eu{sup 3+}. This most intense peak was totally quenched at higher O{sub 2} pressures. This phosphor may be a promising material for applications in the flat panel displays.

  10. EFFECT OF PHOSPHORIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND ANODIZING TIME ON THE PROPERTIES OF ANODIC FILMS ON TITANIUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DIMAS L. TORRES

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available In this study, it was investigated the influence of electrolyte concentration and anodizing time on the electrochemical behaviour and morphology of anodic films formed on commercially pure Ti. Electrochemical methods and surface analyses were used to characterize the films. It was found that the electrolyte concentration and anodizing time affect the growth and protective characteristics of films in a physiologic medium. It was possible to observe their non-uniformity on Ti substrates under the tested conditions. In potentiodynamic profiles, it was observed that passivation current values are affected by an anodizing time increase. Variations in impedance spectra were associated with an increase of defects within the film.

  11. Ultraviolet dosimetry using thermoluminescent phosphors - an update

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagpal, J.S.

    1998-04-01

    Intrinsic response of various thermoluminescent (TL) materials such as CaSO 4 (Dy, Eu, Mn, Sm, Tb, or Tm), LiF (Mg, Cu, P), Mg 2 SiO 4 :Tb, CaF 2 :Dy, CaF 2 :Tb, ThO 2 :Tb and Al 2 O 3 (Si, Ti); cathodoluminescent phosphors Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Tb and Y(V,P)O 4 :Eu; and fluorescent lamp phosphors calcium halophosphate (Mn,Sb) and Ce Mg aluminate (Eu, Tb) to ultraviolet (UV) radiations has been studied. Intrinsic TL response of most of the phosphors is rate (radiant flux) dependent. For the first time, UV response of the materials is reported for a fixed total radiant energy (total UV dose), at a single radiant flux (260 μW.cm -2 ), for an appropriate comparison. A wide range of UV sensitivity is observed. Studies conducted using UV radiation from two unfiltered low pressure mercury lamps show significant differences in glow curves, as compared to those obtained with nearly monochromatic UV radiations. Photons of wavelength 365 nm induce bleaching of TL induced by 254 nm photons, in most of the materials. Sequential/tandem exposures to 254 nm and 365 nm photons have yielded new but alarming results in CaF 2 :Tb. Preferential induction and bleaching of specific TL glow peaks by 365 nm and 254 nm photons are interesting characteristics discovered in CaSO 4 :Eu. Photoluminescence studies of Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ activated phosphors have augmented the inferences drawn from the bleaching effects produced by 365 nm photons. Earlier work carried out on phototransferred thermoluminescence of CaSO 4 :Dy-teflon dosimeters, TLD-100, Mg 2 SiO 4 :Tb and Al 2 O 3 (Si,Ti) has also been reviewed. (author)

  12. Oxidation-extraction of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lawes, B.C.

    1985-01-01

    The invention involves an improvement to the reductive stripping process for recovering uranium values from wet-process phosphoric acid solution, where uranium in the solution is oxidized to uranium (VI) oxidation state and then extracted from the solution by contact with a water immiscible organic solvent, by adding sufficient oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, to obtain greater than 90 percent conversion of the uranium to the uranium (VI) oxidation state to the phosphoric acid solution and simultaneously extracting the uranium (VI)

  13. Radionuclide concentrations in raw and purified phosphoric acids from Brazil and their processing wastes: implications for radiation exposures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    da Conceição, Fabiano Tomazini; Antunes, Maria Lúcia Pereira; Durrant, Steven F

    2012-02-01

    Radionuclides from the U and Th natural series are present in alkaline rocks, which are used as feedstock in Brazil for the production of raw phosphoric acid, which can be considered as a NORM (naturally occurring radioactive material). As a result of the purification of raw phosphoric acid to food-grade phosphoric acid, two by-products are generated, i.e., solid and liquid wastes. Taking this into account, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the fluxes of natural radionuclide in the production of food-grade phosphoric acids in Brazil, to determine the radiological impact caused by ingestion of food-grade phosphoric acid, and to evaluate the solid waste environmental hazards caused by its application in crop soils. Radiological characterization of raw phosphoric acid, food-grade phosphoric acid, solid waste, and liquid waste was performed by alpha and gamma spectrometry. The (238)U, (234)U, (226)Ra, and (232)Th activity concentrations varied depending on the source of raw phosphoric acid. Decreasing radionuclides activity concentrations in raw phosphoric acids used by the producer of the purified phosphoric acid were observed as follows: Tapira (raw phosphoric acid D) > Catalão (raw phosphoric acids B and C) > Cajati (raw phosphoric acid A). The industrial purification process produces a reduction in radionuclide activity concentrations in food-grade phosphoric acid in relation to raw phosphoric acid produced in plant D and single raw phosphoric acid used in recent years. The most common use of food-grade phosphoric acid is in cola soft drinks, with an average consumption in Brazil of 72 l per person per year. Each liter of cola soft drink contains 0.5 ml of food-grade phosphoric acid, which gives an annual average intake of 36 ml of food-grade phosphoric acid per person. Under these conditions, radionuclide intake through consumption of food-grade phosphoric acid per year per person via cola soft drinks is not hazardous to human health in Brazil

  14. Novel Br-DPQ blue light-emitting phosphors for OLED.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dahule, H K; Thejokalyani, N; Dhoble, S J

    2015-06-01

    A new series of blue light-emitting 2,4-diphenylquinoline (DPQ) substituted blue light-emitting organic phosphors namely, 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-4-phenyl-quinoline (OMe-DPQ), 2-(4-methyl-phenyl)-4-phenylquinoline (M-DPQ), and 2-(4-bromo-phenyl)-4-phenylquinoline (Br-DPQ) were synthesized by substituting methoxy, methyl and bromine at the 2-para position of DPQ, respectively by Friedländer condensation of 2-aminobenzophenone and corresponding acetophenone. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by different techniques, e.g., Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra. FTIR spectra confirms the presence of chemical groups such as C=O, NH, or OH in all the three synthesized chromophores. DSC studies show that these complexes have good thermal stability. Although they are low-molecular-weight organic compounds, they have the potential to improve the stability and operating lifetime of a device made out of these complexes. The synthesized polymeric compounds demonstrate a bright emission in the blue region in the wavelength range of 405-450 nm in solid state. Thus the attachment of methyl, methoxy and bromine substituents to the diphenyl quinoline ring in these phosphors results in colour tuning of the phosphorescence. An electroluminescence (EL) cell of Br-DPQ phosphor was made and its EL behaviour was studied. A brightness-voltage characteristics curve of Br-DPQ cell revealed that EL begins at 400 V and then the brightness increases exponentially with applied AC voltage, while current-voltage (I-V) characteristics revealed that the turn on voltage of the fabricated EL cell was 11 V. Hence this phosphor can be used as a promising blue light material for electroluminescent devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  15. [The spectrogram characteristics of organic blue-emissive light-emitting excitated YAG : Ce phosphor].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xi, Jian-Fei; Zhang, Fang-Hui; Mu, Qiang; Zhang, Mai-Li

    2011-09-01

    It is demonstrated that the panchromatic luminescence devices with organic blue-emissive light-emitting was fabricated. This technique used down conversion, which was already popular in inorganic power LEDs to obtain white light emission. A blue OLED device with a configuration of ITO/2T-NATA (30 nm)/AND : TBPe (50 Wt%, 40 nm)/Alq3 (100 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm) was prepared via vacuum deposition process, and then coated with YAG : Ce phosphor layers of different thicknesses to obtain a controllable and uniform shape while the CIE coordinates were fine tuned. This development not only decreased steps of technics and degree of difficulty, but also applied the mature technology of phosphor. The results showed that steady spectrogram was obtained in the devices with phosphor, with a best performance of a maximum luminance of 13 840 cd x m(-2) which was about 2 times of that of the devices without phosphor; a maximum current efficiency of 17.3 cd x A(-1) was increased more two times more than the devices without phosphor. The emission spectrum could be adjusted by varying the concentration and thickness of the phosphor layers. Absoulte spectrogram of devices was in direct proportion with different driving current corresponding.

  16. TL process in europium doped alkaline earth sulphate phosphors- a review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhatt, B.C.

    2003-01-01

    CaSO 4 doped with the rare earth (RE) ion dysprosium or thulium is used routinely as a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) to monitor personal exposure to x- and γ-radiation. The CaSO 4 :Eu phosphor is potentially important for radio photoluminescence (RPL) and ultraviolet (UV) dosimetry. Eu 3+ → Eu 2+ conversion is suggested to play a pivotal role in UV and γ-ray induced thermoluminescence. However, there is disagreement among different workers on the mechanism of gamma and UV induced TL in this phosphor system. This paper will review the work reported on CaSO 4 :Eu and make effects to project overall picture on this phosphor system. (author)

  17. Determination of the activity concentration of 230Th in phosphoric acids produced in Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taddei, M.H.T.; Ferreira, M.T.; Fukuma, H.T.; Xavier, T.T.; Sousa, F.V.T.S.

    2017-01-01

    The high uranium phosphate rock from Itataia, Brazil, was processed using the wet route in the dihydrate system to manufacture phosphoric acid. The uranium contained in phosphoric acid was recovered by the solvent extraction technique. The distribution of the long half-life radionuclides from the decay series of 238 U and 232 Th were evaluated in these processes. The 26 Ra, 228 Ra and 210 Pb radionuclides were found predominantly in phosphogypsum, while the isotopes of 228 Th, 230 Th and 232 Th predominated in phosphoric acid after extracting uranium. The main concern in the commercialization of phosphoric acid that will be produced in the Itataia plant is in relation to the content of 230 Th. This work determined the content of these radionuclides in phosphoric acid from different locations in the country in order to compare

  18. Boron-Containing Red Light-Emitting Phosphors And Light Sources Incorporating The Same

    Science.gov (United States)

    Srivastava, Alok Mani; Comanzo, Holly Ann; Manivannan, Venkatesan

    2006-03-28

    A boron-containing phosphor comprises a material having a formula of AD1-xEuxB9O16, wherein A is an element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, and combinations thereof; D is at least an element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth metals other than europium; and x is in the range from about 0.005 to about 0.5. The phosphor is used in a blend with other phosphors in a light source for generating visible light with a high color rendering index.

  19. Eu/Tb ions co-doped white light luminescence Y2O3 phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tu Dong; Liang Yujun; Liu Rong; Li Daoyi

    2011-01-01

    Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ phosphors with white emission are prepared with different doping concentration of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions and synthesizing temperatures from 750 to 950 deg. C by the co-precipitation method. The resulted phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results of XRD indicate that the crystallinity of the synthesized samples increases with enhancing the firing temperature. The photoluminescence spectra indicate the Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ co-doped Y 2 O 3 phosphors show five main emission peaks: three at 590, 611 and 629 nm originate from Eu 3+ and two at 481 and 541 nm originate from Tb 3+ , under excitation of 250-320 nm irradition. The white light luminescence color could be changed by varying the excitation wavelength. Different concentrations of Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ ions were induced into the Y 2 O 3 lattice and the energy transfer from Tb 3+ →Eu 3+ ions in these phosphors was found. The Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity shows that the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ phosphors can obtain an intense white emission. - Highlights: → Novel phosphors Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. → Samples emit white light with excellent color coordinates under UV excitation. → Luminescence color could be changed by varying the excitation wavelength. → Energy transfer from Tb 3+ →Eu 3+ ions in these phosphors was found.

  20. The Refractive Index Measurement Of Silicon Dioxide Thin Film by the Coupling Prism Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Budianto, Anwar; Hariyanto, Sigit; Subarkah

    1996-01-01

    Refractive index of silicon dioxide thin film that doped with phosphor (SiO 2 :P) above the pure silicon dioxide substrate has been measured by light coupling prism method. The method principle is focusing the light on coupling prism base so that the light propagates into the waveguide layer while the reflected one forms a mode in the observation plane. The SiO 2 thin film as waveguide layer has a refractive index that give the thick and refractive index relation. The He-Ne laser as light source has the wavelength λ 0,6328 μm. The refractive index measurement of the thin film with the substrate refractive index n sb = 1,47 and the thin film thick d = 2μm gives n g = 1,5534 ± 0,01136. This method can distinguish the refractive index of thin film about 6% to the refractive index of substrate

  1. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of YVO{sub 4}:Sm{sup 3+} thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition method with various substrates

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Hyun Kyoung; Chung, Jong Won; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun; Jeong, Jung Hyun [Pukyong National University, Dept. of Physics, Busan (Korea); Yi, Soung-Soo [Silla University, Dept. of Electronic Material Engineering, Busan (Korea); Kim, Jung Hwan [Dongeui University, Dept. of Physics, Busan (Korea)

    2008-08-15

    YVO{sub 4}:Sm{sup 3+} films have been deposited on different substrates using pulsed laser deposition method. The films were deposited on fused silica, MgO(100), Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001), and Si(100) substrates. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The films grown on the different substrates have different crystallinity and morphology. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of (200) peak are 0.20, 0.14, 0.12, and 0.18 for fused silica, MgO(100), Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001), and Si(100), respectively. The crystallite size, estimated by using Scherrer's formula, of phosphors grown on fused silica, MgO(100), Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001), and Si(100) was about 7.25, 10.08, 11.88, and 8.14 nm, respectively and it has a maximum at 11.88 nm for the thin film grown on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001). The photoluminescence and the cathodoluminescence spectra were measured at room temperature using a luminescence spectrometer and the emitted radiation was dominated by the red emission peak at 602 nm radiated from the transition of {sup 4}G{sub 5/2}{yields}{sup 6}H{sub 7/2}. YVO{sub 4}:Sm{sup 3+} films have maximum PL intensity for the films grown on the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001) substrate and the brightness of the films were higher 1.3, 2.9, and 5.0 times in comparison with that of the YVO{sub 4}:Sm{sup 3+} films grown on MgO(100), fused silica, and Si (100) substrates, respectively. The crystallinity, surface morphology and luminescence spectra of thin-film phosphors were highly dependent on substrates. (orig.)

  2. Phosphors containing boron and metals of Group IIIA and IIIB

    Science.gov (United States)

    Setlur, Anant Achyut; Srivastava, Alok Mani; Comanzo, Holly Ann; Manivannan, Venkatesan

    2006-10-31

    A phosphor comprises: (a) at least a first metal selected from the group consisting of yttrium and elements of lanthanide series other than europium; (b) at least a second metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, indium, and scandium; (c) boron; and (d) europium. The phosphor is used in light source that comprises a UV radiation source to convert UV radiation to visible light.

  3. Thermoluminescence dosimetric characteristics of thulium doped ZnB{sub 2}O{sub 4} phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Annalakshmi, O. [Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Jose, M.T., E-mail: mtj@igcar.gov.in [Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Madhusoodanan, U. [Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Subramanian, J. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai (India); Venkatraman, B. [Radiological Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Amarendra, G. [Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Mandal, A.B. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai (India)

    2014-02-15

    Polycrystalline powder samples of rare earth doped Zinc borates were synthesized by high temperature solid state diffusion technique. Dosimetric characteristics of the phosphor like thermoluminescence glow curve, TL emission spectra, dose–response, fading studies, reproducibility and reusability studies were carried out on the synthesized phosphors. Among the different rare earth doped phosphors, thulium doped zinc borate was found to have a higher sensitivity. Hence detailed dosimetric characteristics of this phosphor were carried out. It is observed that the dose–response is linear from 10 mGy to 10{sup 3} Gy in this phosphor. EPR measurements were carried out on unirradiated, gamma irradiated and annealed phosphors to identify the defect centers responsible for thermoluminescence. A TL model is proposed based on the EPR studies in these materials. Kinetic parameters were evaluated for the dosimetric peaks using various methods. The experimental results show that this phosphor can have potential applications in radiation dosimetry applications. -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of rare earth doped zinc borates were synthesized. • Thulium was observed to be the most efficient dopant in ZnB{sub 2}O{sub 4} lattice. • TL intensity of the dosimetric peak is around 20 times that of TLD-100. • Based on EPR studies a TL mechanism is proposed in zinc borate. • Deconvolution of the glow curve carried out.

  4. Transport of phosphoric acid through supported liquid membrane

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zayzafoon, G.; Yassine, T.; Baidoun, R.

    2003-01-01

    The transport of phosphhoric acid through liquid membranes of amylalkohol, 1-octanol and 2-octanol was studied. It was found that phosphoric acid is transfered from feed side to strip side and the transport increased with the concentration of phosphoric acid up to 5M. The permeability in each membrane was determined for 5M phosphoic acid. It was found that the permeability values are 1.45 x 10 1 0 m 2 s 1 for amylakohol and ∼ 1x10 1 0 m 2 s 1 for each of 1-octanol and 2-octanol

  5. Investigations of electrical and optical properties of functional TCO thin films

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Domaradzki Jarosław

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Transparent conducting oxide (TCO films of indium-tin-oxide were evaporated on the surface of silicon wafers after phosphorous diffusion and on the reference glass substrates. The influence of deposition process parameters (electron beam current, oxygen flow and the substrate temperature on optical and electrical properties of evaporated thin films were investigated by means of resistivity measurements and optical spectrophotometry. The performance of prepared thin films was judged by calculated figure of merit and the best result was obtained for the sample deposited on the substrate heated to the 100 °C and then removed from the deposition chamber and annealed in an air for 5 minutes at 400 °C. Refractive index and extinction coefficient were evaluated based on measured transmission spectra and used for designing of antireflection coating for solar cell. The obtained results showed that prepared TCO thin films are promising as a part of counter electrode in crystalline silicon solar cell construction.

  6. Photoluminescence in Sm3+ doped Ba2P2O7 phosphor prepared by solution combustion method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghawade, Sonal P.; Deshmukh, Kavita A.; Dhoble, S. J.; Deshmukh, Abhay D.

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, Sm3+ doped Ba2P2O7 phosphors were synthesized via a Solution combustion method. The crystal structure of the phosphor was characterized by XRD. Orange-red emission was observed from these phosphors under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation at 404 nm. The luminescence properties of the obtained phosphors were characterized by different techniques. The Ba2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphor can be efficiently excited by near-UV and blue light, and their emission spectrum consists of three emission peaks, at 564, 602, and 646 nm, respectively. Based on the results, the as prepared Ba2P2O7:Sm3+ phosphors are promising orange-red-emitting phosphors exhibit great potential may be applicable as a spectral convertor in c-Si solar cell to enhance the efficiency of solar cell in future.

  7. Doping efficiency analysis of highly phosphorous doped epitaxial/amorphous silicon emitters grown by PECVD for high efficiency silicon solar cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El-Gohary, H.G.; Sivoththaman, S. [Waterloo Univ., ON (Canada). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

    2008-08-15

    The efficient doping of hydrogenated amorphous and crystalline silicon thin films is a key factor in the fabrication of silicon solar cells. The most popular method for developing those films is plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) because it minimizes defect density and improves doping efficiency. This paper discussed the preparation of different structure phosphorous doped silicon emitters ranging from epitaxial to amorphous films at low temperature. Phosphine (PH{sub 3}) was employed as the doping gas source with the same gas concentration for both epitaxial and amorphous silicon emitters. The paper presented an analysis of dopant activation by applying a very short rapid thermal annealing process (RTP). A spreading resistance profile (SRP) and SIMS analysis were used to detect both the active dopant and the dopant concentrations, respectively. The paper also provided the results of a structural analysis for both bulk and cross-section at the interface using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, for epitaxial and amorphous films. It was concluded that a unity doping efficiency could be achieved in epitaxial layers by applying an optimized temperature profile using short time processing rapid thermal processing technique. The high quality, one step epitaxial layers, led to both high conductive and high doping efficiency layers.

  8. Activated phosphors having matrices of yttrium-transition metal compound

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Kalb, E.L.; Fassel, V.A.

    1975-01-01

    A method is described for preparing a phosphor composition containing a lanthanide activator element with a host matrix having a transition element as a major component. The host matrix is composed of certain rare earth phosphates or vanadates such as YPO 4 with a portion of the rare earth replaced with one or more of the transition elements. On x-ray or other electromagnetic excitation, trace lanthanide impurities or additives within the phosphor are spectrometrically determined from their characteristic luminescence

  9. Luminescence properties of CdSiO3:Mn2+ phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lei Bingfu; Liu Yingliang; Ye Zeren; Shi Chunshan

    2004-01-01

    A novel long-lasting phosphor CdSiO 3 :Mn 2+ is reported in this paper. The Mn 2+ -doped CdSiO 3 phosphor emits orange light with CIE chromaticity coordinates x=0.5814 and y=0.4139 under 254 nm UV light excitation. In the emission spectrum of 1% Mn 2+ -doped CdSiO 3 phosphor, there is a broad emission band centered at 575 nm which can be attributed to the spin-forbidden transition of the d-orbital electron associated with the Mn 2+ ion. The phosphorescence can be seen by the naked eyes in the dark clearly even after the 254 nm UV irradiation have been removed for about 1 h. The mechanism of the origin of the long-lasting phosphorescence was discussed using the thermoluminescence curves

  10. Photoluminescence properties of Eu(3+)/ Sm(3+) activated CaZr4(PO4)6 phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nair, Govind B; Dhoble, S J

    2016-09-01

    Solid state reaction method was employed for the synthesis of a series of CaZr4(PO4)6: Eu(3+)/Sm(3+) phosphors. The red-emitting CaZr4(PO4)6:Eu(3+) phosphors can be efficiently excited at 396 nm and thereby, exhibit a strong red luminescence predominantly corresponding to the electric dipole transition at 615 nm. Under 405 nm excitation, CaZr4(PO4)6:Sm(3+) phosphors display orange emission with color temperatures approximately around 2200 K. The acquired results reveal that CaZr4(PO4)6: RE(3+) (RE = Eu, Sm) phosphors could be potential candidates for red and orange emitting phosphor, respectively, for UV/blue-pump LEDs.

  11. Thermographic visualization of the superficial vein and extravasation using the temperature gradient produced by the injected materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nakamura, Katsumasa; Sasaki, Tomonari; Ohga, Saiji; Yoshitake, Tadamasa; Terashima, Kotaro; Asai, Kaori; Matsumoto, Keiji; Shinoto, Makoto; Shioyama, Yoshiyuki; Nishie, Akihoro; Honda, Hiroshi

    2014-11-01

    There are few effective methods to detect or prevent the extravasation of injected materials such as chemotherapeutic agents and radiographic contrast materials. To investigate whether a thermographic camera could visualize the superficial vein and extravasation using the temperature gradient produced by the injected materials, an infrared thermographic camera with a high resolution of 0.04 °C was used. At the room temperature of 26 °C, thermal images and the time course of the temperature changes of a paraffin phantom embedded with rubber tubes (diameter 3.2 mm, wall thickness 0.8 mm) were evaluated after the tubes were filled with water at 15 °C or 25 °C. The rubber tubes were embedded at depths of 0 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.0 mm from the surface of the phantom. Temperature changes were visualized in the areas of the phantom where the tubes were embedded. In general, changes were more clearly detected when greater temperature differences between the phantom and the water and shallower tube locations were employed. The temperature changes of the surface of a volunteer's arm were also examined after a bolus injection of physiological saline into the dorsal hand vein or the subcutaneous space. The injection of 5 ml room-temperature (26 °C) saline into the dorsal hand vein enabled the visualization of the vein. When 3 ml of room-temperature saline was injected through the vein into the subcutaneous space, extravasation was detected without any visualization of the vein. The subtraction image before and after the injection clearly showed the temperature changes induced by the saline. Thermography may thus be useful as a monitoring system to detect extravasation of the injected materials.

  12. Preparation of acid salt M(HPO4)2.nH2 O thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kassem, M.

    1998-01-01

    The layered crystalline powders of Titanium Phosphate with the formula Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 .nH 2 O (phase α when n=2, phase γ when n=1) were prepared by reaction of titanium three chloride with phosphoric acid under specific thermal conditions. Starting from these powders thin films have been prepared using some methods such as: Thermal evaporation, sol-gel and vapor phase transport. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential thermal deferential analysis show that the temperature plays an important role in the determination of the crystalline phases and the phase transition of the prepared films. (author). 7 refs

  13. Technology of uranium recovery from wet-process phosphoric acid

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Inoue, Katsutoshi [Saga Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Science and Engineering; Nakashio, Fumiyuki

    1982-12-01

    Rock phosphate contains from 0.005 to 0.02 wt.% of uranium. Though the content is a mere 5 to 10 % of that in uranium ore, the total recovery of uranium is significant since it is used for fertilizer manufacture in a large quantity. Wet-process phosphoric acid is produced by the reaction of rock phosphate with sulfuric acid. The recovery of uranium from this phosphoric acid is mostly by solvent extraction at present. According to U/sup 4 +/ or UO/sub 2//sup 2 +/ as the form of its existence, the technique of solvent extraction differs. The following matters are described: processing of rock phosphate; recovery techniques including the extraction by OPPA-octyl pyrophosphoric acid for U/sup 4 +/, and by mixed DEHPA-Di-(2)-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid and TOPO-tryoctyl phosphine oxide for UO/sub 2//sup 2 +/, and by OPAP-octylphenyl acid phosphate for U/sup 4 +/; the recent progress of the technology as seen in patents.

  14. Instense red phosphors for UV light emitting diode devices.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Fa-Bin; Tian, Yan-Wen; Chen, Yong-Jie; Xiao, Lin-Jiu; Liu, Yun-Yi

    2010-03-01

    Ca(x)Sr1-x-1.5y-0.5zMoO4:yEu3+ zNa+ red phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction using Na+ as charge supply for LEDs (light emitting diodes). The content of charge compensator, Ca2+ concentration, synthesis temperature, reaction time, and Eu3+ concentration were the keys to improving the properties of luminescence and crystal structure of red phosphors. The photoluminescence spectra shows the red phosphors are effectively excited at 616 nm by 311 nm, 395 nm, and 465 nm light. The wavelengths of 395 and 465 nm nicely match the widely applied emission wavelengths of ultraviolet or blue LED chips. Its chromaticity coordinates (CIE) are calculated to be x = 0.65, y = 0.32. Bright red light can be observed by the naked eye from the LED-based Ca0.60Sr0.25MoO4:0.08Eu3+ 0.06Na+.

  15. Near-infrared dyes and upconverting phosphors as biomolecule labels and probes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Patonay, Gabor; Strekowski, Lucjan; Nguyen, Diem-Ngoc; Seok, Kim Jun

    2007-02-01

    Near-Infrared (NIR) absorbing chromophores have been used in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry extensively, including for determination of properties of biomolecules, DNA sequencing, immunoassays, capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations, etc. The major analytical advantages of these dyes are low background interference and high molar absorptivities. NIR dyes have additional advantages due to their sensitivity to microenvironmental changes. Spectral changes induced by the microenvironment are not desirable if the labels are used as a simple reporting group, e.g., during a biorecognition reaction. For these applications upconverting phosphors seem to be a better choice. There are several difficulties in utilizing upconverting phosphors as reporting labels. These are: large physical size, no reactive groups and insolubility in aqueous systems. This presentation will discuss how these difficulties can be overcome for bioanalytical and forensic applications. During these studies we also have investigated how to reduce physical size of the phosphor by simple grinding without losing activity and how to attach reactive moiety to the phosphor to covalently bind to the biomolecule of interest. It has to be emphasized that the described approach is not suitable for medical applications and the results of this research are not applicable in medical applications. For bioanalytical and forensic applications upconverting phosphors used as reporting labels have several advantages. They are excited with lasers that are red shifted respective to phosphorescence, resulting in no light scatter issues during detection. Also some phosphors are excited using eye safe lasers. In addition energy transfer to NIR dyes is possible, allowing detection schemes using donor-acceptor pairs. Data is presented to illustrate the feasibility of this phenomenon. If microenvironmental sensitivity is required, then specially designed NIR dyes can be used as acceptor labels. Several novel dyes

  16. Why do proton conducting polybenzimidazole phosphoric acid membranes perform well in high-temperature PEM fuel cells?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Melchior, Jan-Patrick; Majer, Günter; Kreuer, Klaus-Dieter

    2016-12-21

    Transport properties and hydration behavior of phosphoric acid/(benz)imidazole mixtures are investigated by diverse NMR techniques, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and conductivity measurements. The monomeric systems can serve as models for phosphoric acid/poly-benzimidazole membranes which are known for their exceptional performance in high temperature PEM fuel cells. 1 H- and 31 P-NMR data show benzimidazole acting as a strong Brønsted base with respect to neat phosphoric acid. Since benzimidazole's nitrogens are fully protonated with a low rate for proton exchange with phosphate species, proton diffusion and conduction processes must take place within the hydrogen bond network of phosphoric acid only. The proton exchange dynamics between phosphate and benzimidazole species pass through the intermediate exchange regime (with respect to NMR line separations) with exchange times being close to typical diffusion times chosen in PFG-NMR diffusion measurements (ms regime). The resulting effects, as described by the Kärger equation, are included into the evaluation of PFG-NMR data for obtaining precise proton diffusion coefficients. The highly reduced proton diffusion coefficient within the phosphoric acid part of the model systems compared to neat phosphoric acid is suggested to be the immediate consequence of proton subtraction from phosphoric acid. This reduces hydrogen bond network frustration (imbalance of the number of proton donors and acceptors) and therefore also the rate of structural proton diffusion, phosphoric acid's acidity and hygroscopicity. Reduced water uptake, shown by TGA, goes along with reduced electroosmotic water drag which is suggested to be the reason for PBI-phosphoric acid membranes performing better in fuel cells than other phosphoric-acid-containing electrolytes with higher protonic conductivity.

  17. Enhanced red emission of LaVO4:Eu3+ phosphors by Li-doping

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Sung Wook; Yang, Hyun Kyoung; Chung, Jong Won; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun; Jeong, Jung Hyun; Jang, Ki Wan; Lee, Ho Sueb; Yi, Soung Soo

    2010-01-01

    LaVO 4 phosphors were synthesized by using a solid state reaction, and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD patterns of the Li-doped LaVO 4 :Eu 3+ powder phosphors revealed a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. The tetragonal phase of the LaVO 4 :Eu 3+ phosphor showed a higher PL intensity than the monoclinic one, despite the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal structures. The Li-doped LaVO 4 :Eu 3+ powder phosphors absorbed strongly at 396 nm and exhibited strong red emission at approximately 619.5 nm due to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition. The incorporation of Li + ions into the LaVO 4 :Eu 3+ powder can lead to a remarkable increase in photoluminescence. The enhanced luminescence is attributed to the incorporation of Li + ions that may act as a sensitizers for effective energy transfer. This phosphor has promising applications in near-UV light-emitting diodes(LEDs).

  18. UV excited downconversion luminescence properties of Eu3+: NaZnPO4 phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mukhopadhyay, Lakshmi; Rai, Vineet Kumar

    2018-05-01

    The structural and optical properties of Eu3+: NaZnPO4 phosphors prepared by chemical coprecipitation method have been studied. The phase formation and morphology of the phosphors have been confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The downconversion emission spectra upon 392 nm excitation exhibit five emission bands centred at ˜ 575 nm, ˜ 590 nm, ˜ 612 nm, ˜ 660 nm and ˜ 702 nm corresponding to the 5D0→7F0, 5D0→7F1, 5D0→7F2, 5D0→7F3 and 5D0→7F4 transitions of Eu3+ ions respectively. The observed downconversion emission peaks can be explained with the help of suitable energy level diagram. The CIE chromaticity diagram shows the purity of the emitted colour from the prepared phosphors. The present phosphors emit in intense red region which shows the applicability of the phosphors in red light emitting display devices.

  19. Structural optimization for remote white light-emitting diodes with quantum dots and phosphor: packaging sequence matters.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Bin; Chen, Wei; Hao, Junjie; Wu, Dan; Yu, Xingjian; Chen, Yanhua; Hu, Run; Wang, Kai; Luo, Xiaobing

    2016-12-26

    White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with quantum dots (QDs) and phosphor have attracted tremendous attentions due to their excellent color rendering ability. In the packaging process, QDs layer and phosphor-silicone layer tend to be separated to reduce the reabsorption losses, and to maintain the stability of QDs surface ligands. This study investigated the packaging sequence between QDs and phosphor on the optical and thermal performances of WLEDs. The output optical power and PL spectra were measured and analyzed, and the temperature fields were simulated and validated experimentally by infrared thermal imager. It was found that when driven by 60 mA, the QDs-on-phosphor type WLEDs achieved luminous efficiency (LE) of 110 lm/W, with color rendering index (CRI) of Ra = 92 and R9 = 80, while the phosphor-on-QDs type WLEDs demonstrated lower LE of 68 lm/W, with Ra = 57 and R9 = 24. Moreover, the QDs-on-phosphor type WLEDs generated less heat than that of another, consequently the highest temperature in the QDs-on-phosphor type was lower than another, and the temperature difference can reach 12.3°C. Therefore, in terms of packaging sequence, the QDs-on-phosphor type is an optimal packaging architecture for higher optical efficiency, better color rendering ability and lower device temperature.

  20. Rare Earth Free Zn3V2O8 Phosphor with Controlled Microstructure and Its Photocatalytic Activity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hom Nath Luitel

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Microsphere of rare earth free phosphor, Zn3V2O8, with broadband yellowish white emission was synthesized by combustion route and compared with the hydrothermal, sol-gel, and solid state reaction methods. The phosphor samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL emission and excitation spectra were investigated for these phosphors. Zn3V2O8 phosphor containing 10 mol% of H3BO3 flux exhibited enhanced PL emission showing broadband from 450 nm to 750 nm. Effect of stoichiometry of Zn and V on the host lattice and its effect on the PL emission spectra were studied. Series of Mg3V2O8, Ca3V2O8, and Sr3V2O8 phosphors were also synthesized and compared to the Zn3V2O8 phosphor in terms of PL emission and internal quantum yield, and it was found that Zn3V2O8 is the most efficient phosphor among the other phosphors studied with quantum yield of 60%. The visible light irradiated photocatalytic activity of these phosphors was investigated and it was found that the hydrothermal Zn3V2O8 exhibited enhanced activity.

  1. Preparation and Characterization of UV Emitting Fluoride Phosphors for Phototherapy Lamps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Belsare, P. D.; Moharil, S. V.; Joshi, C. P.; Omanwar, S. K.

    2011-10-01

    The use of ultraviolet radiation for the treatment of various skin diseases is well known for long time. Phototherapy employs ultraviolet-blue radiation to cure skin diseases. The basis of phototherapy is believed to be the direct interaction of light of certain frequencies with tissue to cause a change in immune response. Currently dermatologists use UV lamps having specific emissions in UV region for treating various skin diseases. The treatment of skin diseases using artificial sources of UV radiation is now well established and more than 50 types of skin diseases are treated by phototherapy. This is an effective treatment for many skin disorders, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, ofujis disease, morphea , scleroderma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, lupus erythematosus, hyperbilirubinemia commonly known as infant jaundice, acne vulgaris, This paper reports photoluminescence properties of UV emitting fluoride phosphors prepared by wet chemical method. Emission characteristics of these phosphors are found similar to those of commercial UV lamp phosphors with comparable intensities. The usefulness of UV emitting fluoride phosphor is discussed in the paper.

  2. Rare earth elements recycling from waste phosphor by dual hydrochloric acid dissolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Hu; Zhang, Shengen; Pan, Dean; Tian, Jianjun; Yang, Min; Wu, Maolin; Volinsky, Alex A.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • The article provides a new method for recycling rare earth (RE) from waste phosphor. • When compared with the traditional methods, leach rate was much higher. • Y–Eu concentrate and Tb–Ce concentrate were obtained successively. • It would reduce the burden of later extraction, separation and purification. - Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of recycling rare earth elements from waste phosphor, which focuses on the leaching rate and the technical principle. The traditional and dual dissolution by hydrochloric acid (DHA) methods were compared. The method of dual dissolution by hydrochloric acid has been developed. The Red rare earth phosphor (Y 0.95 Eu 0.05 ) 2 O 3 in waste phosphor is dissolved during the first step of acid leaching, while the Green phosphor (Ce 0.67 Tb 0.33 MgAl 11 O 19 ) and the Blue phosphor (Ba 0.9 Eu 0.1 MgAl 10 O 17 ) mixed with caustic soda are obtained by alkali sintering. The excess caustic soda and NaAlO 2 are removed by washing. The insoluble matter is leached by the hydrochloric acid, followed by solvent extraction and precipitation (the DHA method). In comparison, the total leaching rate of the rare earth elements was 94.6% by DHA, which is much higher than 42.08% achieved by the traditional method. The leaching rate of Y, Eu, Ce and Tb reached 94.6%, 99.05%, 71.45%, and 76.22%, respectively. DHA can decrease the consumption of chemicals and energy. The suggested DHA method is feasible for industrial applications

  3. Process engineering challenges of uranium extraction from phosphoric acid on industrial scale

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mouriya, Govind; Singh, Dhirendra; Nath, A.K.; Majumdar, D.

    2014-01-01

    Heavy Water Board (HWB) is a constituent unit of the Department of Atomic Energy. One of the diversified activities undertaken by HWB is pursuing exploitation of non-conventional resources for recovery of uranium from wet phosphoric acid being the most prominent one. Amongst the feasible processes for recovery of uranium from phosphoric acid is solvent extraction. Use of in-house solvent produced by HWB, is another key driver. To garner necessary information for developing the industrial scale facilities, the process has been studied in the laboratory scale, mini scale, bench scale at Heavy Water Plant, Talcher. The process was subsequently scaled up to an industrial prototype scale unit and was set up as a Technology Demonstration Plant coupled with a commercial phosphoric acid plant. The plant has successfully processed more than 2 lakh m 3 of wet phosphoric acid and all the parameters including the product, Yellow Cake have been qualified. No adverse effect has been observed in the fertilizer produced. The main characteristics of the process and subsequent process innovations are discussed in this paper. These innovations have been carried out to overcome hurdles faced during commissioning and subsequent operations of the Plant. The innovations include improved pretreatment of the wet phosphoric acid for feeding to the extraction cycle, improved control of the first cycle chemical environment, reducing the strength of the phosphoric acid used for stripping, reducing the number of equipment and machineries, alteration in solvent composition used in the first and second cycle in the solvent extraction units of the plant. (author)

  4. Study of phase transformation processes in steel after phosphor ion implantation and following thermal treatment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhetbaev, A.K.; Vereshchak, N.F.; Satpaev, K.K.; Dosmagambetov, T.D.; Serikbaeva, Z.T.

    1999-01-01

    In the paper process of phase transformation after phosphor ion implantation in steel-45 and annealing in vacuum at 1000 deg C and irradiation by various doses of phosphor ions with energy 100 keV an accelerator are researched by conversion electron method. The phosphor overall solubility in iron is equal 4.53 %. Implantation dose below 6·10 17 ions/cm 2 allows increase phosphor ions content in implantation region to 35 %. Therefore, iron phosphides (Fe 3 P, Fe 2 P and Fe P) forming are possible. (author)

  5. Synthesis and complex forming property of phosphor acid derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Babaev, B.N.

    2004-01-01

    Full text:With the aim to get new effective and selective extra gents of noble and non-ferrous metals from acid solution and industrial sewage, research of the dependence of 'structure effectiveness' the various phosphor acid derivatives with logical changeable structure (thio phosphor acids, derivatives of dialkoxythiophosphor, O-alkyl-methylphosphon, alkylphenylphosphon, diphenylphosphine acids also 4 methyl-1,3,2 dioxaphosphorinane) which contain different functional groups, the remains of heterocyclic amines and alkaloids, new derivatives of some analytical reagents were synthesized. The structure of synthesized compounds is approved by the results of IR-, PMR-, mass-spectrum analyze. Researching mass-spectrum decay of synthesized phosphor acid derivatives we defined that differing from O-dihexyl-S-propargyl-benzylthio phosphat, mass spectrum decay of O-dialkyl-S-(piperdynobutin-2-il)thio phosphat is characterized by the appearing [M-H] + ions and during the decay ions with high intensiveness are formed. Fragmentation of M + O-alkyl-O-(aminoalkyl)phenylphosphonate proceeds in various directions and characterized with the great number of phosphor containing ions, the possession of the second phenyl radical in the molecule of diphenylphosphon acid derivatives changes the fragmentation of molecular ion of diphenylphosphon acid derivatives. The process of extraction of noble (Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Os) metals from hydrochloric-sulphur-nitrogen acid medium was analyzed by radioactive indicator's method. It was noticed that structure, strength, conformation of compounds, the temperature, of acid medium (0,1-10 M) and the nature of acids (HCL, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 ) could have strong influence to the effectiveness of metal extraction. During the research of metals extraction from pure solutions we can see the followings: 1) There are such substances, which can be used as effective group reagent towards the Au, Ag and Pd. 2) Derivatives with acetylene extract ions of gold from

  6. Characteristics and self-cleaning effect of the transparent super-hydrophobic film having nanofibers array structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Kyungjun; Lyu, Sungnam; Lee, Sangmin; Kim, Youn Sang; Hwang, Woonbong

    2010-09-01

    Transparent super-hydrophobic films were fabricated using the PDMS method and silane process, based on anodization in phosphoric acid. Contact angle tests were performed to determine the contact angle of each film according to the anodizing time. Transmittance tests also were performed to obtain the transparency of each TPT (trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate) replica film according to the anodizing time. The contact angle was determined by studying the drop shape, and the transmittance was measured using a UV-spectrometer. The contact angle increases with increasing anodizing time, because increasing pillar length can trap more air between the TPT replica film and a drop of water. The transmittance falls with increasing anodizing time because the increasing pillar length causes a scattering effect. This study shows that the pillar length and transparency are inversely proportional. The TPT replica film having nanofibers array structures was better than other films in aspect of self-cleaning by doing quantitative experimentation.

  7. Influence of dome phosphor particle concentration on mid-power LED thermal resistance

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Alexeev, A.; Martin, G.; Hildenbrand, V.D.; Bosschaart, K.J.

    2016-01-01

    The modern white mid-power LEDs usually contain phosphor particles encapsulated in silicone dome material. The particles convert the blue light emitted from the epitaxial layer and play significant role in thermal processes of LED packages. In this paper the influence of the phosphor particles

  8. Alternative magnesium source for phosphorous recovery – a feasibility and economic analysis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Quist-Jensen, Cejna Anna; Jørgensen, Mads Koustrup; Christensen, Morten Lykkegaard

    Conventional reservoirs of phosphorous are in high risk of depletion in near future, thus nontraditional and sustainable recovery-practices are essential to ensure its adequate supply in future. Today phosphorous is being recovered from wastewater at industrial scale by addition of MgCl2. However...

  9. doped LiMgPO4 phosphor

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    attention because of their remarkable luminescence proper- ties and .... Figure 1. (a) X-ray diffraction patterns of LiMgPO4:Tb3+ phosphor and (b) standard data. ICDD file. .... ground signal which affects the signal to noise ratio [17]. MDD was ...

  10. Study on the relationship between uranium and phosphor in deposit No.60

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Wanliang

    1997-01-01

    The deposit No.60 is a large uranium-phosphor one located at the eastern margin of the volcanic basin No.65, and controlled by the stratigraphic horizon of the middle-lower part of the third member of the Ehuling Formation composed of volcaniclastic and terrigeneous classic rocks. Uranium and phosphor were preliminarily concentrated together during the formation of ore-hosting layer, and then reactivated, transported and reprecipitated together under the action of tectonothermal process, leading to the concentration of uranium in cellophane in the adsorption state. Uranium and phosphor are closely associated with the correlation coefficient of up to 0.8-0.9

  11. Structural, optical, and LED characteristics of ZnO and Al doped ZnO thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sandeep, K. M.; Bhat, Shreesha; Dharmaprakash, S. M.

    2017-05-01

    ZnO (pristine) and Al doped ZnO (AZO) films were prepared using sol-gel spin coating method. The XRD analysis showed the enhanced compressive stress in AZO film. The presence of extended states below the conduction band edge in AZO accounts for the redshift in optical bandgap. The PL spectra of AZO showed significant blue emission due to the carrier recombination from defect states. The TRPL curves showed the dominant DAP recombination in ZnO film, whereas defect related recombination in Al doped ZnO film. Color parameters viz: the dominant wavelength, color coordinates (x,y), color purity, luminous efficiency and correlated color temperature (CCT) of ZnO and AZO films are calculated using 1931 (CIE) diagram. Further, a strong blue emission with color purity more than 96% is observed in both the films. The enhanced blue emission in AZO significantly increased the luminous efficiency (22.8%) compared to ZnO film (10.8%). The prepared films may be used as blue phosphors in white light generation.

  12. Recovering uranium from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abodishish, H.A.; Ritchey, R.W.

    1982-01-01

    Precipitation of Fe 3 HN 4 H 8 (PO 4 ) 6 is prevented in the second cycle extractor, in a two cycle uranium recovery process, by washing ammonia laden organic solvent stream, from the second cycle stripper, with first cycle raffinate iron stream containing phosphoric acid, prior to passing the solvent stream into the second cycle extractor. (author)

  13. Combustion synthesis of CaSc2O4:Ce3+ nano-phosphors in a closed system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peng Wenfang; Zou Shaoyu; Liu Guanxi; Xiao Quanlan; Zhang Rui; Xie Lijuan; Cao Liwei; Meng Jianxin; Liu Yingliang

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors can be prepared by a single-step combustion method. → The ignition temperature is the lowest in the combustion synthesis of Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ doped phosphors. → The as-prepared nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm and have highly dispersity and fluorescence intensity. → It is a convenient method for preparation of monodispersed oxide nano-phosphors, especially those being sensitive to air at high temperature. - Abstract: The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors were successfully prepared by a single-step combustion method at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C in a closed autoclave using glycine as a fuel and PEG4000 as a dispersant. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors can be conveniently prepared at an ignition temperature as low as 200 deg. C, which was much lower than that in the ordinary combustion methods. The optimized ignition temperature was 220 deg. C. The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors give a uniform particle size in the range of 15-20 nm. The low ignition temperature and the addition of PEG4000 dispersant play important roles in the formation of small sized nanoparticles. The as-prepared nano-phosphors were incompact aggregates, but highly dispersed nano-phosphors can be obtained after further ultrasonic treatment. The CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors give satisfactory luminescence characteristic benefiting from the closed circumstance, in which cerium atoms can be isolated from the oxidizing atmosphere and non-fluorescent Ce 4+ ions can be ruled out. The present highly dispersed CaSc 2 O 4 :Ce 3+ nano-phosphors with efficient fluorescence are promising in the field of biological labeling, and the present low temperature combustion method is facile and convenient and can

  14. TL characterization of Ag co-doped SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor for gamma dosimetry applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jayasudha, S., E-mail: jsnair.india@gmail.com [Mahatma Gandhi College, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India); Madhukumar, K.; Nair, C.M.K.; Nair, Resmi G.; Anandakumar, V.M. [Mahatma Gandhi College, Pattom Palace P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695004 (India); Elias, T.S. [State Institute of Cancer Research, Medical College P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695011 (India); Rajesh, S. [Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro (Portugal)

    2017-04-15

    High temperature thermoluminescence (TL) emissions and improvement in fading due to the co-doping ofr Ag in the SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor synthesized through chemical precipitation technique when subjected to γ-excitation is discussed. The dopant concentrations were tuned for optimum TL sensitivity. Preliminary crystallographic and structural studies of the phosphors were done using PXRD, SEM, and TEM. The phosphor has a single phase orthorhombic lattice structure and the crystallites are found to be nanostructured. The presence of dopants in the host matrix is established through EDS and ICP-AES studies. The TL glow curve shows a single intense emission at 314 ├ó┬ü┬░C under γ- exposure of dose 1 Gy, which is given from a {sup 60}Co build-up. The dosimetric properties such as sensitivity, dose dependence, fading and reusability of SrSO{sub 4}:Eu,Ag phosphor were also studied. It is observed that co-doping with Ag improves the fading rate of the SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor by about 5%. Even though the luminescence intensity is found to be less than that of SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor, the Ag co-doped phosphor becomes significant owing to its improved fading rate and high temperature afterglow. The gamma sensitivity of the SrSO{sub 4}:Eu,Ag(0.5,0.5 mol%) phosphor is compared to that of the standard CaSO{sub 4}:Dy TLD phosphor. The TL kinetic parameters were calculated using IR, Chen's peak shape method and verified by the theoretical fit using GCD functions. - Highlights: • A High temperature TL emission is observed for the SrSO{sub 4}:Eu,Ag phosphor. • TL intensity is 10 times higher than that of standard CaSO{sub 4}:Dy. • Fading rate of SrSO{sub 4}:Eu phosphor is improved by 5% with Ag co-doping. • Linear dose response in the range 10mGy-10Gy. • t .

  15. Stacking dependence of carrier transport properties in multilayered black phosphorous

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sengupta, A.; Audiffred, M.; Heine, T.; Niehaus, T. A.

    2016-02-01

    We present the effect of different stacking orders on carrier transport properties of multi-layer black phosphorous. We consider three different stacking orders AAA, ABA and ACA, with increasing number of layers (from 2 to 6 layers). We employ a hierarchical approach in density functional theory (DFT), with structural simulations performed with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the bandstructure, carrier effective masses and optical properties evaluated with the meta-generalized gradient approximation (MGGA). The carrier transmission in the various black phosphorous sheets was carried out with the non-equilibrium green’s function (NEGF) approach. The results show that ACA stacking has the highest electron and hole transmission probabilities. The results show tunability for a wide range of band-gaps, carrier effective masses and transmission with a great promise for lattice engineering (stacking order and layers) in black phosphorous.

  16. Preliminary study on preparation of BCNO phosphor particles using citric acid as carbon source

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nuryadin, Bebeh W.; Pratiwi, Tripuspita; Faryuni, Irfana D.; Iskandar, Ferry, E-mail: ferry@fi.itb.ac.id; Abdullah, Mikrajuddin; Khairurrijal [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10 Bandung, Indonesia 40132 (Indonesia); Ogi, Takashi; Okuyama, Kikuo [Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Japan 739-8527 (Japan)

    2015-04-16

    A citric acid was used as a carbon source in the preparation of boron carbon oxy-nitride (BCNO) phosphor particles by a facile process. The preparation process was conducted at relatively low temperature 750 °C and at ambient pressure. The prepared BCNO phosphors showed a high photoluminescence (PL) performance at peak emission wavelength of 470 nm under excitation by a UV light 365 nm. The effects of carbon/boron and nitrogen/boron molar ratios on the PL properties were also investigated. The result showed that the emission spectra with a wavelength peak ranging from 444 nm to 496 nm can be obtained by varying carbon/boron ratios from 0.1 to 0.9. In addition, the observations showed that the BCNO phosphor material has two excitation peaks located at the 365 nm (UV) and 420 nm (blue). Based on these observations, we believe that the citric acid derived BCNO phosphor particles can be a promising inexpensive material for phosphor conversion-based white LED.

  17. Combustion synthesis of red emitting borate host PDP phosphor YCaBO4: Eu3+

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ingle, J.T.; Hargunani, S.P.; Sonekar, R.P.; Nagpure, P.A.; Omanwar, S.K.; Moharil, S.V.

    2012-01-01

    The red emitting borate host phosphor YCaBO 4 : Eu 3+ has been prepared by a novel solution combustion technique. The synthesis is based on the exothermic reaction between the fuel (Urea) and Oxidizer (Ammonium nitrate). The photoluminescence properties of the powder samples of YCaBO 4 : Eu 3+ has been investigated under UV and VUV excitation. The phosphor shows strong absorption in UV and VUV region and exhibits intense red emission upon excited by 254 nm UV and 173 nm VUV radiation. Under UV 254 nm excitation, YCaBO 4 : Eu 3+ exhibits intense red emission around 610 nm. Under VUV excitation of 173 nm, the phosphor emits intense red emission around 610 nm and few weak emissions. These weak emissions could be suppressed by annealing the sample repeatedly at proper temperature and the borate phosphor YCaBO 4 : Eu 3+ could be a good red emitting phosphor for PDP display and mercury free lamps. (author)

  18. Cadmium elemination from phosphoric acid by ionic flotation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brikci-Nigassa, Mounir; Hamouche, Hafida

    1995-11-01

    The ion flotation process for the recovery of cadmium from wet phosphoric acid (30%P2O5) has been studied. This technique combines a chemical recation between the collector and the cadmium to form a precipitate (sublate) which is carried to the surface of the solution by air bubbles. the resulting foam containing the cadmium may then separated from solution. The influence of parameters such as collector and cadmium concentration as well as iron content have been investigated for the case a synthetic acid (30% P2O5). The result have been applied to the industrial phosphoric acid produced from Djebel Onk's phosphates (Algeria)

  19. The chemistry of artificial lighting devices lamps, phosphors and cathode ray tubes

    CERN Document Server

    Ropp, Richard C

    2013-01-01

    Both the early use of artificial lighting and current manufacturing methods concerning incandescent and fluorescent lamps are covered in this book. The protocols for manufacture of fluorescent lamp phosphors and those used in cathode ray tubes are also treated in some detail. This text surveys the amazing, vast array of artificial lighting devices known to date in terms of how they arose and are, or have been used by mankind. A complete description of the formulations and methodology for manufacturing all known phosphors is given. The book will serve as a repository of such phosphor manufacturing methods, including that of cathode ray tube phosphors. Methods of manufacture of lamp parts are also presented, including that of tungsten wire. The original approaches used are described as well as improvements in technology. These will serve as comparative methods for present day manufacture of these components. A history of the lamp industry is presented. Several methods are given which may serve as a source for f...

  20. Synthesis and cathodoluminescent properties of Y2SiO5:Tb3+ phosphors prepared from uniform precursor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fan Deyong; Yang Sen; Wang Jieqiong; Zheng Aqun; Song Xiaoping; Yu Demei

    2012-01-01

    The luminescent properties of phosphors are sensitive to the size of phosphor particles. The commercial Y 2 SiO 5 :Tb 3+ phosphors usually show relatively larger particle size (5–10 μm) due to the irregular morphology of rare earth oxide precursor and thus degrade the luminescent properties. In this paper, we report the Y 2 SiO 5 :Tb 3+ phosphors synthesized from the uniform Tb-doped Y 2 O 3 precursor by a homogeneous precipitation method. Compared with the commercial phosphors, the obtained Y 2 SiO 5 :Tb 3+ phosphors manifest the uniform morphology with much smaller particles distributing from 0.8 μm to 1.9 μm. Consequently, the cathodoluminescent intensity under low excitation voltage (1–5 kV) was increased, demonstrating a strong green emission with a dominant wavelength of 545 nm. Our results indicate an effective way to develop the high-quality phosphors for field emission display. - Highlights: ► The Y 2 SiO 5 :Tb 3+ phosphors are synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method. ► They manifest the uniform morphology with much smaller particles than commercial one. ► The corresponding cathodoluminescent intensity of green emission is greatly enhanced. ► Our results indicate an effective way to develop the high-quality phosphors for FED.

  1. The Application of Principal Component Analysis Using Fixed Eigenvectors to the Infrared Thermographic Inspection of the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cramer, K. Elliott; Winfree, William P.

    2006-01-01

    The Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch at NASA s Langley Research Center has been actively involved in the development of thermographic inspection techniques for more than 15 years. Since the Space Shuttle Columbia accident, NASA has focused on the improvement of advanced NDE techniques for the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) panels that comprise the orbiter s wing leading edge. Various nondestructive inspection techniques have been used in the examination of the RCC, but thermography has emerged as an effective inspection alternative to more traditional methods. Thermography is a non-contact inspection method as compared to ultrasonic techniques which typically require the use of a coupling medium between the transducer and material. Like radiographic techniques, thermography can be used to inspect large areas, but has the advantage of minimal safety concerns and the ability for single-sided measurements. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been shown effective for reducing thermographic NDE data. A typical implementation of PCA is when the eigenvectors are generated from the data set being analyzed. Although it is a powerful tool for enhancing the visibility of defects in thermal data, PCA can be computationally intense and time consuming when applied to the large data sets typical in thermography. Additionally, PCA can experience problems when very large defects are present (defects that dominate the field-of-view), since the calculation of the eigenvectors is now governed by the presence of the defect, not the good material. To increase the processing speed and to minimize the negative effects of large defects, an alternative method of PCA is being pursued when a fixed set of eigenvectors is used to process the thermal data from the RCC materials. These eigen vectors can be generated either from an analytic model of the thermal response of the material under examination, or from a large cross section of experimental data. This paper will provide the

  2. Photoluminescent and Thermoluminescent Studies of Dy3+ and Eu3+ Doped Y2O3 Phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verma, Tarkeshwari; Agrawal, Sadhana

    2018-01-01

    Eu 3+ doped and Dy 3+ codoped yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) phosphors have been prepared using solid-state reaction technique (SSR). The prepared phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Photoluminescence (PL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) properties were studied in detail. PL emission spectra were recorded for prepared phosphors under excitation wavelength 254 nm, which show a high intense peak at 613 nm for Y 2 O 3 :Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ (1:1.5 mol %) phosphor. The correlated color temperature (CCT) and CIE analysis have been performed for the synthesized phosphors. TL glow curves were recorded for Eu 3+ doped and Dy 3+ codoped phosphors to study the heating rate effect and dose response. The kinetic parameters were calculated using peak shape method for UV and γ exposures through computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) technique. The phosphors show second order kinetics and activation energies varying from 5.823 × 10 - 1 to 18.608 × 10 - 1  eV.

  3. New NaSrPO4:Sm phosphor as orange-red emitting material

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Because NaSr1−xPO4:xSm3+ phosphor features a high colour-rendering index and chemical stability, it is potentially ... use blue LED chips (GaN or InGaN) with a yellow phosphor ... excitation by doping Sm3+ rare earth ions into a suitable.

  4. Flotation of uranium values using di (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, Ajoy Kumar; Padmanabhan, N.P.H.; Sridhar, U.; Krishna Rao, N.

    1998-01-01

    The use of solvent extractants for mineral flotation, especially for difficult-to-float minerals, is gaining importance as they are highly selective to specific metal ions and form strong and stable complexes mostly by chelation. Studies carried out with di(2 ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) (an organic solvent used in the extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid) as collector for flotation of uranium minerals from ore samples of Domiasiat, Meghalaya and Jaduguda, Bihar have yielded encouraging results. Although flotation of uranium minerals using other solvent extractants like tributyl phosphoric acid (TBP) has been studied, the uraninite-D2EHPA system has not been tested so far. This technical note puts on record the findings of the preliminary studies carried out. (author)

  5. Growth and characterization of red-green-blue cathodoluminescent ceramic films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gozzi, Daniele; Latini, Alessandro; Salviati, Giancarlo; Armani, Nicola

    2006-06-01

    Gd2O3 and Y2O3 films, respectively, doped with Eu3+, Tb3+, and Tm3+ have been grown by the electron beam physical vapor codeposition technique on optically polished quartz substrates. The film samples have been doped at different concentrations by the corresponding rare-earth oxides. The concentration range explored is from 0.9% to 9.8% on 18 samples. For each film sample an extended characterization has been performed by thin film-x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, and color coordinate analysis. Y2O3 films display the most intense red-green-blue (RGB) emission and their film morphology and structure are more compact and crystalline with respect to Gd2O3 monoclinic films. Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped Y2O3 films grow oriented along the (222) direction. The ratios between the intensities of the electric dipole and magnetic dipole transitions have been also evaluated. The blue emission of Tm3+ doped Gd2O3 is lacking in the dopant concentration range from 1.6% to 7.6%, whereas it is present in Tm3+ doped Y2O3 films, at approximately the same dopant concentration range (1.9%-9.8%). Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage plot of the color coordinates of all the RGB film samples has been reported together with the RGB phosphor standard used in cathodic ray tube TV screens.

  6. Rare earth elements recycling from waste phosphor by dual hydrochloric acid dissolution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Hu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhang, Shengen, E-mail: zhangshengen@mater.ustb.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Pan, Dean; Tian, Jianjun; Yang, Min; Wu, Maolin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Volinsky, Alex A. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 (United States)

    2014-05-01

    Highlights: • The article provides a new method for recycling rare earth (RE) from waste phosphor. • When compared with the traditional methods, leach rate was much higher. • Y–Eu concentrate and Tb–Ce concentrate were obtained successively. • It would reduce the burden of later extraction, separation and purification. - Abstract: This paper is a comparative study of recycling rare earth elements from waste phosphor, which focuses on the leaching rate and the technical principle. The traditional and dual dissolution by hydrochloric acid (DHA) methods were compared. The method of dual dissolution by hydrochloric acid has been developed. The Red rare earth phosphor (Y{sub 0.95}Eu{sub 0.05}){sub 2}O{sub 3} in waste phosphor is dissolved during the first step of acid leaching, while the Green phosphor (Ce{sub 0.67}Tb{sub 0.33}MgAl{sub 11}O{sub 19}) and the Blue phosphor (Ba{sub 0.9}Eu{sub 0.1}MgAl{sub 10}O{sub 17}) mixed with caustic soda are obtained by alkali sintering. The excess caustic soda and NaAlO{sub 2} are removed by washing. The insoluble matter is leached by the hydrochloric acid, followed by solvent extraction and precipitation (the DHA method). In comparison, the total leaching rate of the rare earth elements was 94.6% by DHA, which is much higher than 42.08% achieved by the traditional method. The leaching rate of Y, Eu, Ce and Tb reached 94.6%, 99.05%, 71.45%, and 76.22%, respectively. DHA can decrease the consumption of chemicals and energy. The suggested DHA method is feasible for industrial applications.

  7. Combustion synthesis and photoluminescence in novel red emitting yttrium gadolinium pyrosilicate nanocrystalline phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hedaoo, V.P., E-mail: vraikwar@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, R. J. College, Ghatkopar, Mumbai, MS 400086 (India); Bhatkar, V.B. [Department of Physics, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, MS 444602 (India); Omanwar, S.K. [Department of Physics, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, MS 444602 (India)

    2016-07-05

    Yttrium Gadolinium Pyrosilicate Y{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 3+} (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) phosphor powder was prepared by facile and time efficient modified combustion method for the first time. The phosphor was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL) spectroscopy and color chromaticity coordinates. XRD revealed the monoclinic crystal structure with space group P1¯. The crystallite size was calculated by Williamson-Hall (W–H) analysis. Nanoplates-like morphology was observed in FESEM analysis with size in the range 50–80 nm. TEM images confirmed the particle size and shape. Upon excitation by 254 nm UV light, the phosphor showed the characteristic red emission peaks at 589 nm and 613 nm corresponding to {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 1} and {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} transitions respectively. It was observed that the nanocrystalline phosphor Y{sub 2-x}Gd{sub x}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 3+}can be tuned to emit orange to red color by adjusting the ratio Y/Gd. This phosphor thus can be a potential candidate as orange to red color emitting tunable nanocrystalline phosphor for optical devices. - Highlights: • A novel Yttrium Gadolinium Pyrosilicate doped with Eu{sup 3+} is reported. • Facile and time efficient modified combustion method is used. • The nanocrystalline structure was shown by X-ray diffraction, W–H analysis. • FESEM and TEM images confirmed the nanocrystalline structure. • The reported phosphor can be tuned from orange to red by varying Y/Gd ratio.

  8. Mechano-luminescence studies of nano ZnMgAl10O17:Eu phosphor under UV irradiation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Verma, Akshkumar; Verma, Ashish; Panda, Maheswar

    2018-05-01

    ZnMgAl10O17:Eu nano phosphors were prepared successfully, using the combustion route by employing urea as a fuel. The structural, and Morphological, properties were measured using x-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transition electron microscopy. The BET surface area of sample were found to be of ˜13.92 m2/g. The ML (Mechano-luminescence) were measured to the home made instrument. The phosphor showed more strong and high ML intensity to the without UV irradiated material. Therefore ZnMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor may use as a damage sensor and dosimetry material. The ML emission spectra of the Zn0.99MgAl10O17:Eu0.01 phosphor showed the characteristic Eu2+ emission peaks ˜453nm (blue) originating from the transitions 4f65d1→4f7, Therefore ZnMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor may use as a blue phosphor material.

  9. Spectral downshifting in MBO{sub 3}:Nd{sup 3+} (M=Y, La) phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Omanwar, S.K.; Sawala, N.S. [Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Department of Physics, Amravati, MH (India)

    2017-11-15

    The spectral downshifting (DS) from ultra-violet (UV)/visible (VIS) light to near infra-red (NIR) radiation in Nd{sup 3+} doped YBO{sub 3} and LaBO{sub 3} phosphors is reported. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) properties along with time-decay curves were studied which confirmed the spectral DS from VIS to NIR radiation. This can be employed to overcome the spectral mismatch of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell with solar spectrum. The prepared Nd{sup 3+} doped as prepared phosphors provide NIR emission (1052 nm) at excitation of 586 nm where response of c-Si solar cell was optimum. Thus spectral modification by mentioned phosphor can be utilized to improve solar cells performance. Hence these phosphors have potential application for photovoltaic (PV) technology. (orig.)

  10. Recovery of uranium in the production of concentrated phosphoric acid by a hemihydrate process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nakajima, S.; Miyamoto, M.

    1983-01-01

    Nissan Chemical Industries as manufacturers of phosphoric acid have studied the recovery of uranium, based on a concentrated phosphoric acid production process. The process consists of two stages, a hemihydrate stage with a formation of hemihydrate and a filtration section, followed by a dihydrate stage with hydration and a filtration section. In the hemihydrate stage, phosphate is treated with a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid to produce phosphoric acid and hydrous calcium sulphate; the product is recovered in the filtration section and its concentration is 40-50% P 2 O 3 . In the dihydrate stage, the hemihydrate is transformed by re-dissolution and hydration, producing hydrous calcium sulphate, i.e. gypsum. This process therefore comprises two parts, each with different acid concentrations. As the extraction of uranium is easier in the case of a low concentration of phosphoric acid, the process consists of the recovery of uranium starting from the filtrate of the hydration section. The tests have shown that the yield of recovery of uranium was of the order of 80% disregarding the handling losses and no disadvantageous effect has been found in the combination of the process of uranium extraction with the process of concentrated phosphoric acid production. Compared with the classical process where uranium is recovered from acid with 30% P 2 O 5 , the process of producing high-concentration phosphoric acid such as the Nissan process, in which the uranium recovery is effected from acid with 15% P 2 O 5 from the hydration section, presents many advantages [fr

  11. Combination of carbon dot and polymer dot phosphors for white light-emitting diodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Chun; Zhang, Yu; Sun, Kai; Reckmeier, Claas; Zhang, Tieqiang; Zhang, XiaoYu; Zhao, Jun; Wu, Changfeng; Yu, William W; Rogach, Andrey L

    2015-07-28

    We realized white light-emitting diodes with high color rendering index (85-96) and widely variable color temperatures (2805-7786 K) by combining three phosphors based on carbon dots and polymer dots, whose solid-state photoluminescence self-quenching was efficiently suppressed within a polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix. All three phosphors exhibited dominant absorption in the UV spectral region, which ensured the weak reabsorption and no energy transfer crosstalk. The WLEDs showed excellent color stability against the increasing current because of the similar response of the tricolor phosphors to the UV light variation.

  12. Thermally stimulated properties in ZnSe:Tb and ZnSe:(Mn, Tb) phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mishra, A. K.; Mishra, S. K.; Pandey, S. P.; Lakshmi Mishra, Kshama

    2018-02-01

    Thermoluminescence studies were performed of ZnSe:Tb and ZnSe:(Mn, Tb) phosphors. A method of preparation for ZnSe phosphors doped with Tb and (Mn, Tb) has been discussed. The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of these phosphors have been studied from 100 to 370 K temperature after exciting by UV radiation (365 nm) at three uniform heating rates 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9 K/s. The trapping parameters like trap depth, lifetime of electrons and capture cross-section have also been determined using various methods.

  13. Avaluation of the adaptability of dairy goats with help of thermographic precision in the semiarid brazilian

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisângela Maria Nunes da Silva

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Silva E.M.N., Souza B.B., Silva G.A., Alcântara M.D.B., Cunha M.G.G. & Marques B.A.A. [Avaluation of the adaptability of dairy goats with help of thermographic precision in the semiarid brazilian.] Avaliação da adaptabilidade de caprinos leiteiros com auxílio da precisão termográfica no semiárido brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria, 36(2:231-237, 2014. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rodovia Patos-Teixeira, Km 01, Jatobá, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brasil. E-mail: elisangelamns@yahoo.com.br The present study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of dairy goats with help of thermographic precision in the semiarid brazilian. Thirty-six female goats were used in the study, mean age 2.5 years old and mean weight of 45 kg, all of them pure-bred, lactating and not pregnant, distributed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial outline 2 x 2; two genotypes (Anglo Nubian and Alpine vs two shifts (morning and afternoon with 18 repetitions. Analysis of variance showed that the shift had significant effect (P0.05. Also, there was no significant interaction between breed and shift. Regarding the parameters: respiratory rate (RR and surface temperature of the muzzle of cinnamon there was significant effect of breed and shift and significant interaction between breed and shift (P<0.05. Positive correlations between physiological parameters and room temperature and negative correlation between thermal gradients and more parameters. The Anglo Nubian breed had become more adapted to the semi-arid environmental conditions representing a good alternative for breeding programs. The Alpine breed increased respiratory effort required to dissipate heat and maintain homeothermy, proving to be more demanding regarding system creation and management in the semi-arid climatic conditions.

  14. Phosphors for solid-state lighting: New systems, deeper understanding

    Science.gov (United States)

    Denault, Kristin Ashley

    We explore the structure-composition-property relationships in phosphor materials using a multitude of structural and optical characterization methods including high resolution synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction and total scattering, low-temperature heat capacity, temperature- and time-resolved photoluminescence, and density functional theory calculations. We describe the development of several new phosphor compositions and provide an in-depth description of the structural and optical properties. We show structural origins of improved thermal performance of photoluminescence and methods for determining structural rigidity in phosphor hosts that may lead to improved luminescent properties. New white light generation strategies are also explored. We begin by presenting the development of a green-yellow emitting oxyfluoride solid-solution phosphor Sr2Ba(AlO4F)1- x(SiO5)x:Ce3+. An examination of the host lattice, and the local structure around the Ce3+ activator ions points to how chemical substitutions play a crucial role in tuning the optical properties of the phosphor. The emission wavelength can be tuned from green to yellow by tuning the composition, x. Photoluminescent quantum yield is determined to be 70+/-5% for some of the examples in the series with excellent thermal properties. Phosphor-converted LED devices are fabricated using an InGaN LED and are shown to exhibit high color rendering white light. Next, we identify two new phosphor solid-solution systems, (Ba1- xSrx)9 Sc2Si6O24:Ce3+,Li+ and Ba9(Y1-ySc y)2Si6O24:Ce3+. The substitution of Sr for Ba in (Ba1-xSrx ) 9Sc2Si6O24:Ce 3+,Li + results in a decrease of the alkaline earth-oxygen bond distances at all three crystallographic sites, leading to changes in optical properties. The room temperature photoluminescent measurements show the structure has three excitation peaks corresponding to Ce3+ occupying the three independent alkaline earth sites. The emission of (Ba 1- xSrx) 9Sc2Si 6O24:Ce3

  15. Process for recovery of uranium from wet process phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wiewiorowski, T.K.; Thornsberry, W.L. Jr.

    1978-01-01

    Process is claimed for the recovery of uranium from wet process phosphoric acid solution in which an organic extractant, containing uranium values and dissolved iron impurities and comprising a dialkylphosphoric acid and a trialkylphosphine oxide dissolved in a water immiscible organic solvent, is contacted with a substantially iron-free dilute aqueous phosphoric acid to remove said iron impurities. The removed impurities are bled from the system by feeding the resulting iron-loaded phosphoric acid to a secondary countercurrent uranium extraction operation from which they leave as part of the uranium-depleted acid raffinate. Also, process for recovering uranium in which the extractant, after it has been stripped of uranium values by aqueous ammonium carbonate, is contacted with a dilute aqueous acid selected from the group consisting of H 2 SO 4 , HCl, HNO 3 and iron-free H 3 PO 4 to improve the extraction efficiency of the organic extractant

  16. Modeling Phosphorous Losses from Seasonal Manure Application Schemes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Menzies, E.; Walter, M. T.

    2015-12-01

    Excess nutrient loading, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, to surface waters is a common and significant problem throughout the United States. While pollution remediation efforts are continuously improving, the most effective treatment remains to limit the source. Appropriate timing of fertilizer application to reduce nutrient losses is currently a hotly debated topic in the Northeastern United States; winter spreading of manure is under special scrutiny. We plan to evaluate the loss of phosphorous to surface waters from agricultural systems under varying seasonal fertilization schemes in an effort to determine the impacts of fertilizers applied throughout the year. The Cayuga Lake basin, located in the Finger Lakes region of New York State, is a watershed dominated by agriculture where a wide array of land management strategies can be found. The evaluation will be conducted on the Fall Creek Watershed, a large sub basin in the Cayuga Lake Watershed. The Fall Creek Watershed covers approximately 33,000 ha in central New York State with approximately 50% of this land being used for agriculture. We plan to use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model a number of seasonal fertilization regimes such as summer only spreading and year round spreading (including winter applications), as well as others. We will use the model to quantify the phosphorous load to surface waters from these different fertilization schemes and determine the impacts of manure applied at different times throughout the year. More detailed knowledge about how seasonal fertilization schemes impact phosphorous losses will provide more information to stakeholders concerning the impacts of agriculture on surface water quality. Our results will help farmers and extensionists make more informed decisions about appropriate timing of manure application for reduced phosphorous losses and surface water degradation as well as aid law makers in improving policy surrounding manure application.

  17. Natural Radiation in byproducts of the production of phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Silveira, Marcilei A. Guazzelli da; Cardoso, L.L.; Medina, N.H.

    2014-01-01

    Natural radiation is the largest source of radiation exposure to which man is subject. It is formed basically by cosmic radiation and the radionuclides present in the Earth crust, as 40 K and the elements of the decay series of 232 Th and 238 U. Phosphate ores, which constitutes the raw material for the production of phosphoric acid, have a high rate of natural radiation from the decay series of 232 Th and 238 U. Phosphogypsum, which is naturally radioactivity, is a by-product of the production of phosphoric acid by the wet method. For each ton of phosphoric acid it is produced about 4.5 tons of phosphogypsum. This work presents the analysis of samples collected in all stages of the manufacturing process of phosphoric acid, which generates the phosphogypsum. Gamma-ray spectrometry was used to measure the concentration of the elements of the decay series of 232 Th and 238 U. All analyzed samples showed a high concentration of radionuclides, promoting the need for further steps in the process in order to reduce the presence of such radionuclides in the phosphogypsum. The results indicate the radionuclide 238 U has higher contribution in some samples of the intermediate stages of the process. All samples exceeded the international average range of human exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation, which is 0.3 to 1.0 mSv/year. (author)

  18. Extraction studies on rare earths using dinonyl phenyl phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anitha, M.; Singh, D.K.; Kotekar, M.K.; Vijayalakshmi, R.; Singh, H.

    2011-01-01

    Rare earths are widely used in phosphor materials, magnetic substances, alloys, catalyst, lasers, superconductors, solid oxide fuel cells and in nuclear applications. The high value of these elements depends on their effective separation into high purity compounds. The separation into individual rare earths is very difficult to achieve, due to the very low separation factors between two adjacent rare earths arising due to similar chemical properties. Taking the advantage of variation in basicity, the separation is generally accomplished by solvent extraction or ion exchange. There are several references on the separation of rare earth in different media employing various types of extractants such as 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethyhexylphosphonic acid (EHEHPA) and di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) which have been widely used for the separation and purification of rare earths. Dinonyl phenyl phosphoric acid (DNPPA) is an organo phosphorus extractant (pKa = 2.54) and is an aromatic analogue of D2EHPA, which extracts metal ion by cation exchange mechanism. DNPPA was explored to recover rare earths from phosphate media such as wet process phosphoric acid and merchant grade acid. However, there is no information available in literature on DNPPA for RE extraction from chloride medium. Therefore, an attempt has been made in the present study to investigate the feasibility of using DNPPA for extraction of La(III), Dy(III) and Y(III) from chloride medium

  19. Kinetic parameters and TL mechanism in cadmium tetra borate phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Annalakshmi, O.; Jose, M.T.; Sridevi, J.; Venkatraman, B.; Amarendra, G.; Mandal, A.B.

    2014-01-01

    Polycrystalline powder samples of cadmium tetra borate were synthesized by a simple solid state sintering technique and gamma irradiated sample showed a simple Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak around 460 K. The TL kinetic parameters of gamma irradiated phosphor were determined by initial rise (IR), isothermal decay (ID), peak shape (PS), variable heating rate (VHR) and glow curve de-convolution method. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and order of kinetics (b) were calculated by IR, ID, PS and VHR methods are in the order of ∼1.05 eV, 10 9 –10 12 s −1 and 1.58, respectively. From the results of TL and PL emission studies carried out on the phosphor revealed that the defect centers related to TL is different from that for PL. EPR measurements were carried out to identify the defect centers formed in cadmium tetra borate phosphor on gamma irradiation. Based on EPR studies the mechanism for TL process in cadmium tetra borate is proposed in this paper -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of undoped cadmium tetra borate synthesized. • Cadmium tetra borate phosphor exhibits a dosimetric peak at 458 K. • Kinetic parameters of the trap responsible for TL evaluated. • TL mechanism is proposed from TL to EPR correlation studies

  20. Kinetic parameters and TL mechanism in cadmium tetra borate phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Annalakshmi, O. [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Jose, M.T., E-mail: mtj@igcar.gov.in [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Sridevi, J. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadhu (India); Venkatraman, B. [Radiological Safety Division, Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Amarendra, G. [Materials Physics Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102 (India); Mandal, A.B. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chennai 600 020, Tamilnadhu (India)

    2014-03-15

    Polycrystalline powder samples of cadmium tetra borate were synthesized by a simple solid state sintering technique and gamma irradiated sample showed a simple Thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak around 460 K. The TL kinetic parameters of gamma irradiated phosphor were determined by initial rise (IR), isothermal decay (ID), peak shape (PS), variable heating rate (VHR) and glow curve de-convolution method. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), frequency factor (s) and order of kinetics (b) were calculated by IR, ID, PS and VHR methods are in the order of ∼1.05 eV, 10{sup 9}–10{sup 12} s{sup −1} and 1.58, respectively. From the results of TL and PL emission studies carried out on the phosphor revealed that the defect centers related to TL is different from that for PL. EPR measurements were carried out to identify the defect centers formed in cadmium tetra borate phosphor on gamma irradiation. Based on EPR studies the mechanism for TL process in cadmium tetra borate is proposed in this paper -- Highlights: • Polycrystalline powder samples of undoped cadmium tetra borate synthesized. • Cadmium tetra borate phosphor exhibits a dosimetric peak at 458 K. • Kinetic parameters of the trap responsible for TL evaluated. • TL mechanism is proposed from TL to EPR correlation studies.

  1. Quality parameters evaluation for the determination of available phosphorous in soils

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia Galvis, John Brynner; Ballesteros, Maria Ines

    2006-01-01

    There are some colorimetric procedures for determining available phosphorous in soils, and phosphorous is evaluated by means of a blue complex (phosphomolybdic acid); in one of the methods, color appear when ascorbic acid is used as reductor agent, and in the other when stannous chloride is used. Both methods use the same extractive solution bray i i due to its good response for acid soil cultures, like most Colombian soils are. When the two methodologies were compared it was found that the most sensible method and with the best limit of detection and quantification was the one that uses ascorbic acid, antimonious and potassium tartrate. Its variation coefficients and standard deviation were lower, and for this reason it is considered as the most precise method for phosphorous determination

  2. Single fiber temperature probe configuration using anti-Stokes luminescence from Cr:GdAlO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eldridge, Jeffrey I.

    2018-06-01

    Single-photon excitation of anti-Stokes-shifted emission from a thermographic phosphor allows operation of a luminescence decay-based single fiber temperature probe with negligible interference from background fiber-generated Raman scattering. While single fiber probe configurations for luminescence-based fiber optic thermometers offer advantages of simple design, compactness, and superior emission light collection efficiency, their effective use has been limited by interference from Raman scattering in the fiber probe and excitation delivery fiber that produces distortion of the luminescence decay that follows the excitation pulse. The near elimination of interference by background fiber-generated Raman scattering was demonstrated by incorporating a Cr-doped GdAlO3 (Cr:GdAlO3) thermographic phosphor as the sensing element at the end of a single fiber luminescence decay-based thermometer and detecting anti-Stokes-shifted luminescence centered at 542 or 593 nm produced by 695 nm excitation. Measurements were performed using both silica (up to 1150 °C) and single-crystal YAG (up to 1200 °C) fiber-based thermometers. Selection of emission detection centered at 542 nm greatly benefited the YAG fiber probe measurements by practically eliminating detection of otherwise significant luminescence from Cr3+ impurities in the YAG fiber. For both the silica and YAG fiber probes, the relative benefit of adopting single-photon excitation of anti-Stokes-shifted luminescence was evaluated by comparison with results obtained by conventional 532 nm excitation of Stokes-shifted luminescence.

  3. Simple preparation of LiF:Mg,Ti phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moharil, S.V.; Shahare, D.I.; Upaded, S.V.; Deshmukh, B.T.

    1993-01-01

    LiF-TLD 100 is a low-impedance (Z eff = 8.2) tissue equivalent material which is widely used in thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry of ionizing radiations and personnel monitoring. Mg and Ti have been found to be the major impurities which impart the Tl characteristics. Recipes for the preparation of this phosphor, have not been found to be satisfactory for routine manufacture; there have always been problems associated with reproducibility and even with batch homogeneity. One of the reasons for this is that most procedures start either from readily available LiF or by melting the synthesized LiF, or both. The background impurities in the starting LiF powder can mask the intentional impurities, particularly Ti which has to be doped in rather small concentrations (10 p.p.m.). Melting LiF can again be tricky, as the LiF melt is volatile and highly corrosive. In this letter we report the preparation of LiF: Mg, Ti. The impurities were incorporated during the synthesis of LiF. The phosphor was prepared by heat treatments in ambient air without melting the compound. The characteristics of the prepared phosphors were studied and compared with those of LiF-TLD 100. (author)

  4. Influence of pH-control in phosphoric acid treatment of zinc oxide

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Onoda, H., E-mail: onoda@kpu.ac.jp [Department of Informatics and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University (Japan); Chemel, M. [Ecole de Biologie Industrielle, CERGY Cedex (France)

    2017-04-15

    Zinc oxide is often used as a white pigment for cosmetics; however, it shows photocatalytic activity that causes decomposition of sebum on the skin when exposed to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. In this work, zinc oxide was reacted with phosphoric acid at various pH values to synthesize a novel white pigment for cosmetics. The chemical composition, powder properties, photocatalytic activities, colors, and smoothness of these pigments were studied. The obtained materials exhibited X-ray diffraction peaks relating to zinc oxide and phosphate after phosphoric acid treatment. The ratio of zinc phosphate to zinc oxide was estimated from inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy results. Samples treated at pH 4-7 yielded small particles with sub-micrometer sizes. The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide became lower after phosphoric acid treatment. Samples treated at pH 4-7 showed the same reflectance as zinc oxide in both the ultraviolet and visible ranges. Adjustment of the pH was found to be important in the phosphoric acid treatment of zinc oxide. (author)

  5. Modeling quantum noise of phosphors used in medical X-ray imaging detectors

    CERN Document Server

    Kalivas, N; Cavouras, D; Costaridou, L; Nomicos, C D; Panayiotakis, G S

    1999-01-01

    The noise properties of the granular phosphor screens, which are utilized in X-ray imaging detectors, are studied in terms of the quantum noise transfer function (QNTF). An analytical model, taking into account the effect of K-characteristic X-rays reabsorption within the phosphor material and the optical properties of the phosphor, was developed. The optical properties of the phosphor material required by the model were obtained from literature, except for the optical diffusion length (sigma) that was determined by data fitting and was found to be 26 cm sup 2 /g. The deviation between theoretical and experimental data is sigma depended. Specifically for sigma=26 cm sup 2 /g and sigma=25 cm sup 2 /g the respective deviations between experimental and predicted results were 0.698% and -1.597%. However for relative differences in sigma more than 15% from the value 26 cm sup 2 /g, the corresponding deviations exceed by 6 times the value of 0.698%. The model was tested via comparison to experimental results obtain...

  6. Luminescence behaviors of Eu- and Dy-codoped alkaline earth metal aluminate phosphors through potassium carbonate coprecipitation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liang, Chen-Jui, E-mail: cjliang@fcu.edu.tw; Siao, Hao-Yi

    2016-07-01

    An electronic energy mechanism of activator and sensitizer was established to describe the luminescence behaviors of Eu- and Dy-codoped M(II)Al{sub 2}O{sub 4} (M(II) = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) phosphors through potassium carbonate coprecipitation. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared phosphors exhibited superior crystallinity at a temperature lower than 950 °C. The phosphors are ordered according to emission intensity as follows Ca- > Ba- > Sr- > Mg-containing phosphors. The energy level for Eu{sup 2+} 4f{sup 6}5d{sup 1} → 4f{sup 7}, Eu{sup 3+4}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F, and Dy{sup 3+4}F{sub 9/2} → {sup 6}H transitions and the effects of nephelauxetic and crystal field in Ba-, Sr-, and Ca-containing phosphors were discussed. The energy gap, (hv){sub em}, between 5d and 4f of Eu{sup 2+} ion is strongly affected by host composition, crystal field strength, and nephelauxetic effect. The infrared emission of 4f{sub 9/2} → 6h for Dy{sup 3+} is merely depend on the transfer of energy from Eu{sup 2+} upon excited. Ca-containing phosphor with maximum (hv){sub em} is attributed to the lowest bond length of Ca−O and highest ionization potential of Ca{sup 2+} ion, which leads to the effects of crystal field and nephelauxetic greater than that in the other phosphors. - Highlights: • The list of the collected figure captions: • Develop a new coprecipitation method to prepare high efficiency phosphors. • Obtain superior crystallinity with lower calcination temperature. • Luminescence behavior of Eu- and Dy-codoped on aluminate phosphors is discussed. • Investigate the effects of alkaline earth metal containing on crystal field and nephelauxetic.

  7. Developing Quantum Dot Phosphor-Based Light-Emitting Diodes for Aviation Lighting Applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wu, F.; Dawei, Z.; Shuzhen, S.; Yiming, Z.; Songlin, Z.; Jian, X.

    2012-01-01

    We have investigated the feasibility of employing quantum dot (QD) phosphor-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in aviation applications that request Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS) compliance. Our studies suggest that the emerging QD phosphor-based LED technology could potentially be superior to conventional aviation lighting technology by virtue of the marriage of tight spectral control and broad wavelength tunability. This largely arises from the fact that the optical properties of semiconductor nano crystal QDs can be tailored by varying the nano crystal size without any compositional changes. It is envisioned that the QD phosphor-based LEDs hold great potentials in cockpit illumination, back light sources of monitor screens, as well as the LED indicator lights of aviation panels.

  8. Chemical process for recovery of uranium values contained in phosphoric mineral lixivia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Conceicao, E.L.H. da; Awwal, M.A.; Coelho, S. V.

    1980-01-01

    A recovery process of uranium values from phosporic mineral lixivia for obtaining uranio oxide concentrate adjusted to specifications of purity for its commercialization the process consists of the adjustment of electromotive force of lixiviem to suitable values for uranium extraction, extraction with organic solvent containing phosphoric acid ester and oxidant reextraction from this solvent with phosphoric acid solution, suggesting a new solvent extraction containing synergetic mixture of di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid and tri-octyl phosphine, leaching this solvent with water and re-extraction/precipitation with ammonium carbonate solution, resulting in the formation of uranyl tricarbonate and ammonium, that by drying and calcination gives the uranium oxide with purity degree for commercialization. (M.C.K.) [pt

  9. Combustion synthesis of Eu and Dy activated Sr3(VO4)2 phosphor ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    phosphor as well as Sr3(VO4)2:Dy is blue and yellow emitting phosphor for solid state lighting i.e. white LEDs. The ... 2004; Pang et al 2004) doped with rare earth has expanded ... controlled since the LED light output (intensity and colour).

  10. Evaluation of characteristics of x-ray phosphors and hybrid scintillators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Winter, John M. Jr.; Jones, Thomas S.

    1999-01-01

    Glass x-ray scintillators produce very high resolution images but suffer diminished brightness at x-ray energies below about 150 kV. This produces a loss in effective imaging due to the very low light flux, just at energies where many high resolution applications require the maximum image fidelity. Many phosphors produce substantially more light at these energy levels, but lack the resolution needed for critical industrial applications. A family of hybrid scintillators consisting of a scintillating fiber-optic base coupled to a thin coating of a high resolution phosphor is being developed. To facilitate evaluation of these hybrids and to measure their performance compared to other alternatives, a specialized real time x-ray imaging system was constructed and integrated with a microfocus x-ray source. This imaging system is described, and the results of a program to evaluate the brightness, resolution, and contrast sensitivity of a number of glass scintillators, phosphors, and hybrid imaging screens is presented

  11. Luminescence studies on phosphor screens

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panayiotakis, G.; Nomikos, C.; Bakas, A.; Proimos, B.

    1994-01-01

    We report our results on x-ray phosphor screens prepared of some new materials focusing attention on their efficiency under fluoroscopy conditions, on optimization conditions and on comparisons among the various materials. All data are presented in absolute values. A theoretical model is presented, that takes into account the granular structure of the screens, permitting the explanation and prediction of the luminescence properties of the screens. (authors)

  12. Synthesis and characterization of tunable coumarin- linked glasses as new class of organic/inorganic phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Luridiana, Alberto; Pretta, Gianluca; Secci, Francesco; Frongia, Angelo [Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso universitario di Monserrato, SS 554, bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (Canada) (Italy); Chiriu, Daniele; Carbonaro, Carlo Maria; Corpino, Riccardo [Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Complesso universitario di Monserrato, SS 554, bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (Canada) (Italy); Ricci, Pier Carlo, E-mail: carlo.ricci@dsf.unica.it [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700, 09042 Monserrato (Canada) (Italy)

    2014-10-21

    It is well known that stilbene with a trans conformation is highly fluorescent. From the viewpoint of molecular structure, coumarins bear a carbon-carbon double bond which is fixed as trans conformation as in trans-stilbene through a lactone structure. This can help to avoid the trans-cis transformation of the double bond under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as observed in stilbene compounds and results in strong fluorescence and high fluorescence quantum yield and photostability in most of coumarin derivatives. Herein we report some preliminary results about the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of tunable coumarins and the development of a new linkage protocol for the obtainment of monolayer coumarin-covalently linked glasses. The resulting organic/inorganic coumarin/silica based Self-Assembled Monolayer (SMA) film is proposed as new phosphors for the substituting of critical raw materials, like rare earths, in photonics applications.

  13. Photoluminescence studies of organic phosphor coated diffusing surface using blue inorganic light-emitting diode as excitation source

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, Gyanendra; Mehta, Dalip Singh

    2013-01-01

    We report the studies on photoluminescence (PL) of organic phosphor coated on a diffusing surface using a blue inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) array as an excitation source. The organic phosphor composite coated diffuser was used to scatter the directional blue light from the LED array. Some of the blue light is absorbed by the organic phosphor composite and the phosphor molecules are excited and re-emit light at longer wavelengths due to the PL process. The output light consists of scattered blue light plus phosphor generated broadband yellow light, thus making white light. The diffuser was made up of a plastic substrate coated with an organic composite of small molecule fluorescent material zinc(II)bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Znq 2 ) doped with different percentages of electro-phosphorescent metal complex iridium(III)bis(2-methyldibenzo-[f, h] quinoxaline) (acetylacetonate) ([Ir(MDQ) 2 (acac)]). By means of changing the concentration and the thickness of the phosphor composite material the colour coordinates of white light were achieved. The CIE coordinates and correlated colour temperature were calculated for various thicknesses and phosphor composite concentrations and the results are reported. (paper)

  14. Calculated energy dependence of CaSO4:Dy TL phosphor and phosphor embedded Teflon for X and gamma rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang, J.-K.; Nam, Y.-M.; Kim, J.-L.; Chang, S.-Y.; Kim, B.-H.

    2001-01-01

    The energy dependence of a CaSO 4 :Dy TL phosphor for 21 monoenergetic photons of energy ranging from 0.01 to 3 MeV was calculated by using MCNP4A code. The calculation results show good agreement with those of other authors within ± 5% relative error. Calculations and experiments are also performed to determine the energy dependence of CaSO 4 : Dy phosphor with Dy concentrations from 0.01 to 1.5 mol %, and with the compositions of TL-Teflon from 10 to 90 wt %. The calculated energy responses show good agreement with the experiment results within ± 20% relative error except for a concentration lower than 0.1 mol % Dy and the low energy regions of M30 (Eave.=20 keV) and M60 (Eave.=34 keV). For the TL-Teflon mixture, the energy dependence shows an decreasing trend with the increase of Teflon concentration in MCNP calculation but shows no dependence for TL-Teflon mixture proportions in experiment. These differences are due to the non-homogeneous distribution of Dy concentration and the effect of large grain size in the phosphors. The energy dependence of the 30 wt/o CaSO 4 (0.1 mol%;Dy) and 70 wt/o Teflon that is placed behind the filters of plastic, aluminum, copper, tin and lead with a thickness from 0.1 to 2 mm were calculated, respectively

  15. A low-frequency MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester with a rectangular hole based on bulk PZT film

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Yingwei; Li, Guimiao; Yi, Zhiran; Liu, Jingquan; Yang, Bin

    2018-06-01

    This paper presents a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) with a rectangular hole to work at low-frequency. This PEH used thinned bulk PZT film on flexible phosphor bronze, and its structure included piezoelectric layer, supporting layer and proof mass to reduce the resonant frequency of the device. Here, thinned bulk PZT thick film was used as piezoelectric layer due to its high piezoelectric coefficient. A Phosphor bronze was deployed as supporting layer because it had better flexibility compared to silicon and could work under high acceleration ambient with good durability. The maximum open-circuit voltage of the PEH was 15.7 V at low resonant frequency of 34.3 Hz when the input vibration acceleration was 1.5 g (g = 9.81 m/s2). Moreover, the maximum output power, the output power density and the actually current at the same acceleration were 216.66 μW, 1713.58 μW/cm3 and 170 μA, respectively, when the optimal matched resistance of 60 kΩ was connected. The fabricated PEH scavenged the vibration energy of the vacuum compression pump and generated the maximum output voltage of 1.19 V.

  16. Porous structure and surface chemistry of phosphoric acid activated carbon from corncob

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sych, N.V.; Trofymenko, S.I.; Poddubnaya, O.I.; Tsyba, M.M.; Sapsay, V.I.; Klymchuk, D.O.; Puziy, A.M.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Phosphoric acid activation results in formation of carbons with acidic surface groups. ► Maximum amount of surface groups is introduced at impregnation ratio 1.25. ► Phosphoric acid activated carbons show high capacity to copper. ► Phosphoric acid activated carbons are predominantly microporous. ► Maximum surface area and pore volume achieved at impregnation ratio 1.0. - Abstract: Active carbons have been prepared from corncob using chemical activation with phosphoric acid at 400 °C using varied ratio of impregnation (RI). Porous structure of carbons was characterized by nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. Surface chemistry was studied by IR and potentiometric titration method. It has been shown that porosity development was peaked at RI = 1.0 (S BET = 2081 m 2 /g, V tot = 1.1 cm 3 /g), while maximum amount of acid surface groups was observed at RI = 1.25. Acid surface groups of phosphoric acid activated carbons from corncob includes phosphate and strongly acidic carboxylic (pK = 2.0–2.6), weakly acidic carboxylic (pK = 4.7–5.0), enol/lactone (pK = 6.7–7.4; 8.8–9.4) and phenol (pK = 10.1–10.7). Corncob derived carbons showed high adsorption capacity to copper, especially at low pH. Maximum adsorption of methylene blue and iodine was observed for carbon with most developed porosity (RI = 1.0).

  17. Porous structure and surface chemistry of phosphoric acid activated carbon from corncob

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sych, N.V.; Trofymenko, S.I.; Poddubnaya, O.I.; Tsyba, M.M. [Institute for Sorption and Endoecology Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 13 General Naumov St., 03164 Kyiv (Ukraine); Sapsay, V.I.; Klymchuk, D.O. [M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska St., 01601 Kyiv (Ukraine); Puziy, A.M., E-mail: alexander.puziy@ispe.kiev.ua [Institute for Sorption and Endoecology Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 13 General Naumov St., 03164 Kyiv (Ukraine)

    2012-11-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phosphoric acid activation results in formation of carbons with acidic surface groups. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Maximum amount of surface groups is introduced at impregnation ratio 1.25. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phosphoric acid activated carbons show high capacity to copper. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phosphoric acid activated carbons are predominantly microporous. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Maximum surface area and pore volume achieved at impregnation ratio 1.0. - Abstract: Active carbons have been prepared from corncob using chemical activation with phosphoric acid at 400 Degree-Sign C using varied ratio of impregnation (RI). Porous structure of carbons was characterized by nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. Surface chemistry was studied by IR and potentiometric titration method. It has been shown that porosity development was peaked at RI = 1.0 (S{sub BET} = 2081 m{sup 2}/g, V{sub tot} = 1.1 cm{sup 3}/g), while maximum amount of acid surface groups was observed at RI = 1.25. Acid surface groups of phosphoric acid activated carbons from corncob includes phosphate and strongly acidic carboxylic (pK = 2.0-2.6), weakly acidic carboxylic (pK = 4.7-5.0), enol/lactone (pK = 6.7-7.4; 8.8-9.4) and phenol (pK = 10.1-10.7). Corncob derived carbons showed high adsorption capacity to copper, especially at low pH. Maximum adsorption of methylene blue and iodine was observed for carbon with most developed porosity (RI = 1.0).

  18. Dosimetry characteristics of thermoluminescent Li2B4O7:Cu phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lakshmanan, A.R.; Chandra, B.; Bhatt, R.C.

    1981-01-01

    Preliminary investigations on the radiation dosimetry characteristics of Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu TLD phosphor are described. The major TL peak in this phosphor occurs at 230 0 C and its TL sensitivity to gamma radiation is two to three times higher than that of LiF TLD-100. The gamma dose Vs TL response of this peak is linear (within +- 20%) in the dose range 0.3 mGy-3x10 2 Gy above which saturation sets in. Its TL response for 30 keV X-rays is about 20% lower than that for 60 Coγ-rays. On annealing at 300 0 C, the phosphor gets slightly discoloured (brownish). This results in the reduction of the TL sensitivity by about 20 - 25%. The phosphor does not exhibit either sensitization or damage even after a gamma dose of 10 3 Gy. The TL emission spectrum has a broad peak at 360 nm. The intrinsic TL sensitivity of virgin Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu to 253.7 nm UV radiation is nearly 50 times higher than that of CaSO 4 :Dy. The post-irradiation fading in Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu at ambient temperature and humidity conditions is, however, less than 10% in 17 days. These characteristics indicate that Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu is a promising phosphor for ionizing as well as UV radiation dosimetry. (author)

  19. Technology for Elevated Temperature Tests of Structural Panels

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thornton, E. A.

    1999-01-01

    A technique for full-field measurement of surface temperature and in-plane strain using a single grid imaging technique was demonstrated on a sample subjected to thermally-induced strain. The technique is based on digital imaging of a sample marked by an alternating line array of La2O2S:Eu(+3) thermographic phosphor and chromium illuminated by a UV lamp. Digital images of this array in unstrained and strained states were processed using a modified spin filter. Normal strain distribution was determined by combining unstrained and strained grid images using a single grid digital moire technique. Temperature distribution was determined by ratioing images of phosphor intensity at two wavelengths. Combined strain and temperature measurements demonstrated on the thermally heated sample were DELTA-epsilon = +/- 250 microepsilon and DELTA-T = +/- 5 K respectively with a spatial resolution of 0.8 mm.

  20. Reactivity of the cadmium ion in concentrated phosphoric acid solutions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Gyves, J; Gonzales, J; Louis, C; Bessiere, J

    1989-07-01

    The solvation transfer coefficients which characterize the changes of ion reactivity with phosphoric acid concentration have been calculated for cadmium from the constants of the successive chloride complexes, and for silver and diethyldithiophosphate from potentiometric measurements. They evidence the strong desolvation of the cadmium species in concentrated phosphoric acid media, causing a remarkable increase of its reactivity. They allow the results of liquid-liquid extraction, precipitation and flotation reactions to be correctly interpreted and their changes to be foreseen when the reagents are modified.

  1. Synthesis and luminescent properties of Sm3+ doped zinc aluminate phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mahajan, Rubby; Kumar, Sandeep; Prakash, Ram; Kumar, Vinay

    2018-05-01

    Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl2O4) is a well-known wide band gap oxide that belongs to a class of mixed-metal oxides knows as spinels (AB2O4) where A and B are divalent and trivalent cations. Herein, the structural and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+ ion doped with ZnAl2O4 phosphors are reported. The nanophosphors were synthesized via solution combustion synthesis route at temperature 570 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The XRD pattern confirms the cubic phase of phosphor. The calculated lattice parameter were found as a = b = c = 8.0517Å and V = 521.85Å3. The crystallite size of the phosphor was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula and found to be ˜19 nm. The emission spectrum at excitation wavelength of 401 nm gave the emission peaks at 563 nm, 601 nm, 648 nm, 697 nm corresponding to the transitions 4G5/2→ 6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, 4G5/2→6H9/2, 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 of Sm3+ ions, respectively. The diffuse reflectance spectrum was used to calculate the band gap of material and found to be 5.12 eV. The CIE coordinates were found to be (x = 0.56, y = 0.40) that falls in the orange red region of the color gamut. The present phosphor may have potential applications as phosphor for near UV WLED for solid state lighting.

  2. A Visual Detection System for Determining Tritium Surface Deposition Employing Phosphor Coated Materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gentile, C.A.; Skinner, C.H.; Young, K.M.; Zweben, S.J.

    1999-01-01

    A method for visually observing tritium deposition on the surface of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) deuterium-tritium (D-T) tiles is being investigated at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. A green phosphor (P31, zinc sulfide: copper) similar to that used in oscilloscope screens with a wavelength peak of 530 nm was positioned on the surface of a TFTR D-T tile. The approximately 600 gram tile, which contains approximately 1.5 Ci of tritium located on the top approximately 1-50 microns of the surface, was placed in a two liter lexan chamber at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). The phosphor plates and phosphor powder were placed on the surface of the tile which resulted in visible light being observed, the consequence of tritium betas interacting with the phosphor. This technique provides a method of visually observing varying concentrations of tritium on the surface of D-T carbon tiles, and may be employed (in a calibrated system) to obtain quantitative data

  3. Automated thermal mapping techniques using chromatic image analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buck, Gregory M.

    1989-01-01

    Thermal imaging techniques are introduced using a chromatic image analysis system and temperature sensitive coatings. These techniques are used for thermal mapping and surface heat transfer measurements on aerothermodynamic test models in hypersonic wind tunnels. Measurements are made on complex vehicle configurations in a timely manner and at minimal expense. The image analysis system uses separate wavelength filtered images to analyze surface spectral intensity data. The system was initially developed for quantitative surface temperature mapping using two-color thermographic phosphors but was found useful in interpreting phase change paint and liquid crystal data as well.

  4. Investigation of thermoluminescence and electron-vibrational interaction parameters in SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pardhi, Shilpa A.; Nair, Govind B.; Sharma, Ravi; Dhoble, S.J.

    2017-01-01

    Combustion synthesis method was employed for the synthesis of green-emitting monoclinic SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphors. The phase-purity of the prepared phosphors were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared phosphors exhibited green light emission with the peak centred at 510 nm, under 350 nm UV excitation. The excitation and emission spectra were analysed and the parameters of electron-vibrational interaction (EVI), such as the Huang–Rhys factor, effective phonon energy and zero-phonon line position were estimated using the spectrum fitting method. Thermoluminescence (TL) behaviour of the as-prepared phosphors were analysed for UV and 137 Cs γ-ray source irradiation. TL glow curves for UV-irradiated SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ , Dy 3+ phosphors were analysed. - Highlights: • Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ phosphors were analysed. • Electron-vibrational interaction (EVI) parameters of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ phosphors were determined. • The phosphors are found to exhibit green light emission.

  5. Enhanced luminescence in SrMgAl(x)O(17±δ):yMn4+ composite phosphors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Renping; Sharafudeen, Kaniyarakkal N; Qiu, Jianrong

    2014-01-03

    Red-emitting SrMgAlxO17±δ:yMn(4+) composite phosphors (x=10-100; y=0.05-4.0 mol%) are synthesized by solid-state reaction method in air. Addition of Al2O3 leads to the formation of two concomitant phases, i.e., SrMgAl10O17 and Al2O3 phases in the composite phosphor. Red emission from Mn(4+) ions in the composite phosphors is greatly enhanced due to multiple scattering and absorption of excitation light between SrMgAl10O17 and Al2O3 phases. SrMgAlxO17±δ:yMn(4+) composite phosphors would be a promising candidate as red phosphor in the application of a 397 nm near UV-based W-LED. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Determination of anions in pure and commercial phosphoric acid by ion chromatography and manual of 792 basic IC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Al-Kabani, F.; Abdulbaki, M. K.

    2007-01-01

    A method for determination of anions in pure and concentrated phosphoric and samples (85%) and commercial phosphoric acid ion chromatography was developed, in order to control the specification of phosphoric acid produced in the pilot plant for phosphoric acid purification. The accuracy of the method was studied and the standard deviation was found to be between 0.09 and 0.10. Operation instructions of 792 Basic IC was described. (author)

  7. Structural and optical properties of (Sr,Ba)2SiO4:Eu2+ thin films grown by magnetron sputtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Leliang; Zheng, Jun; Zuo, Yuhua; Cheng, Buwen; Wang, Qiming

    2014-01-01

    (Sr,Ba) 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ thin films were deposited on Si at different substrate temperatures by magnetron sputtering. The morphology and crystalline phases of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, respectively. The silicate crystal phase was presented when films were annealed above 900 °C and the annealing temperature had great impact on the film morphology. The samples annealed at 1000 °C in a non-reducing atmosphere for 30 s show intense room temperature Eu 2+ emission. These findings may open a promising way to prepare efficient phosphor thin films for on-chip light emitting diodes application. - Highlights: • The (Sr, Ba) 2 SiO 4 :Eu 2+ films are fabricated by magnetron sputtering. • A very strong RT PL emission at 540 nm is achieved. • The morphology and optical properties dependent on temperature are studied

  8. Determination of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in drugs using polypyrrole-based headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorous detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mehdinia, Ali; Ghassempour, Alireza; Rafati, Hasan; Heydari, Rouhollah

    2007-03-21

    A headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorous detection (HS-SPME-GC-NPD) method using polypyrrole (PPy) fibers has been introduced to determine two derivatives of pyrrolidone; N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Two types of PPy fibers, prepared using organic and aqueous media, were compared in terms of extraction efficiency and thermal stability. It was found that PPy film prepared using organic medium (i.e. acetonitrile) had higher extraction efficiency and more thermal stability compared to the film prepared in aqueous medium. To enhance the sensitivity of HS-SPME, the effects of pH, ionic strength, extraction time, extraction temperature and the headspace volume on the extraction efficiency were optimized. Using the results of this research, high sensitivity and selectivity had been achieved due to the combination of the high extraction efficiency of PPy film prepared in organic medium and the high sensitivity and selectivity of nitrogen-phosphorous detection. Linear range of the analytes was found to be between 1.0 and 1000 microg L(-1) with regression coefficients (R(2)) of 0.998 and 0.997 for NVP and NMP, consequently. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.074 and 0.081 microg L(-1) for NVP and NMP, respectively. Relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for five replications of analyses was found to be less than 6.0%. In real samples the mean recoveries were 94.81% and 94.15% for NVP and NMP, respectively. The results demonstrated the suitability of the HS-SPME technique for analyzing NVP and NMP in two different pharmaceutical matrices. In addition, the method was used for simultaneous detection of NVP, 2-pyrrolidone (2-Pyr), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and ethanolamine (EA) compounds.

  9. Spectroscopic properties of Eu{sup 3+}:KLa(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} novel red phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rasu, K. Kavi; Balaji, D.; Babu, S. Moorthy, E-mail: babusm@yahoo.com

    2016-02-15

    Eu{sup 3+}:KLa(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} (Eu:KLW) phosphors were prepared through Pechini type sol–gel method. Low temperature synthesis was achieved through polyesterification between citric acid and ethylene glycol during the growth procedure. The properties of phosphors were analysed using X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and luminescence spectroscopy. An effective energy transfer from the tungstate matrix to the activator Eu{sup 3+} was observed. Intense red emission in Eu:KLW phosphors was observed while excited with f–f transitions of Eu{sup 3+}. The Judd–Ofelt (J–O) intensity parameters Ω{sub 2} and Ω{sub 4} were obtained from the emission intensities of {sup 5}D{sub 0}→{sup 7}F{sub 2},{sub 4,} respectively by taking the magnetic dipole {sup 5}D{sub 0}→{sup 7}F{sub 1} emission band intensity as reference. The CIE colour co-ordinates of the Eu:KLW red phosphors was calculated (x=0.650, y=0.348), which are close to NTSC standard values. - Highlights: • Eu:KLW phosphors were synthesized by pechini type sol–gel method. • Structural, morphological, vibrational and luminescence properties were well investigation. • Eu{sup 3+}:KLa(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} phosphors has strong red emission at about 615 nm ({sup 5}D{sub 0}→{sup 7}F{sub 2}) under the excitation of near UV and blue LEDs regions. • Decay measurement and Judd–Ofelt parameter were calculated and dicussed. • These phosphors can serve as a potential candidate for red source for White LEDs application.

  10. The preparation of 32P labelled phosphorous acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henderson, D.; Jenkinson, A.; Sorby, P.

    1986-11-01

    Phosphorous acid labelled with 32 P has been prepared, on a small scale, starting from neutron-irradiated phosphorus. The compound is intended for tracer studies in the development of novel fungicides

  11. Developing Quantum Dot Phosphor-Based Light-Emitting Diodes for Aviation Lighting Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fengbing Wu

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available We have investigated the feasibility of employing quantum dot (QD phosphor-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs in aviation applications that request Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS compliance. Our studies suggest that the emerging QD phosphor-based LED technology could potentially be superior to conventional aviation lighting technology by virtue of the marriage of tight spectral control and broad wavelength tunability. This largely arises from the fact that the optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystal QDs can be tailored by varying the nanocrystal size without any compositional changes. It is envisioned that the QD phosphor-based LEDs hold great potentials in cockpit illumination, back light sources of monitor screens, as well as the LED indicator lights of aviation panels.

  12. Luminescence studies on phosphor screens

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Panayiotakis, G; Nomikos, C; Bakas, A; Proimos, B [Medical Physics Department, University of Patras, 265 00 Patras, Greece (Greece)

    1994-12-31

    We report our results on x-ray phosphor screens prepared of some new materials focusing attention on their efficiency under fluoroscopy conditions, on optimization conditions and on comparisons among the various materials. All data are presented in absolute values. A theoretical model is presented, that takes into account the granular structure of the screens, permitting the explanation and prediction of the luminescence properties of the screens. (authors). 12 refs, 3 figs.

  13. UV absorption coefficients of Y2(1-x-y)Gd2xEu2yO3 phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ling, M.; Yocom, P.W.; Soules, T.F.

    1990-01-01

    The ability of a phosphor to absorb 254 nm excitation is important in the development of phosphors for fluorescent lamps. Recently the optical properties of phosphor coating were modeled using ray tracing Monte-Carlo techniques. These calculations provided a relationship between absorptance measured on a semi-infinite plaque at a given wavelength and the product of the absorption coefficient of the phosphor and its particle diameter. The purpose of this work is to provide experimental data for comparison with the calculated data, to demonstrate a technique for obtaining absorption coefficients and to provide UV absorption coefficients obtained in this way for important yttrium oxide europium red-emitting phosphors

  14. Investigation of storage-phosphor autoradiography for the rapid quantitative screening of air filters for emergency response purposes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gallardo, Athena Marie

    Past nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl, resulted in a large release of radionuclides into the atmosphere. Radiological assessment of the vicinity of the site of the incident is vital to assess the exposure levels and dose received by the population and workers. Therefore, it is critical to thoroughly understand the situation and risks associated with a particular event in a timely manner in order to properly manage the event. Current atmospheric radiological assessments of alpha emitting radioisotopes include acquiring large quantities of air samples, chemical separation of radionuclides, sample mounting, counting through alpha spectrometry, and analysis of the data. The existing methodology is effective, but time consuming and labor intensive. Autoradiography, and the properties of phosphor imaging films, may be used as an additional technique to facilitate and expedite the alpha analysis process in these types of situations. Although autoradiography is not as sensitive to alpha radiation as alpha spectrometry, autoradiography may benefit alpha analysis by providing information about the activity as well as the spatial distribution of radioactivity in the sample under investigation. The objective for this research was to develop an efficient method for quantification and visualization of air filter samples taken in the aftermath of a nuclear emergency through autoradiography using 241Am and 239Pu tracers. Samples containing varying activities of either 241Am or 239Pu tracers were produced through microprecipitation and assayed by alpha spectroscopy. The samples were subsequently imaged and an activity calibration curve was produced by comparing the digital light units recorded from the image to the known activity of the source. The usefulness of different phosphor screens was examined by exposing each type of film to the same standard nuclide for varying quantities of time. Unknown activity samples created through microprecipiation containing activities of

  15. Eu and Sr2CeO4 : Eu phosphors suitable for near ultraviolet excitation

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    The study on white light phosphors suitable for near- ultraviolet (nUV) ... Rare earth ion-doped phosphors have been used in varied fields ... practical applications. .... by naked eyes. ... induced by Sr2CeO4 host matrix (Arunachalam Laxmanan.

  16. Use of secondary phosphorescence for determination of the dose absorbed in dosimetric phosphors

    CERN Document Server

    Yaek, I V

    2002-01-01

    The measuring method of optically stimulated persistence (OSP) based on both the time division of the stimulating irradiation and luminescent response registration was applied for the radiation dosimetry. It was shown that the stimulation by the short-wave radiation crossing with spectrum of the dosimetric phosphor is possible. The spectrum of the stimulation of industry dosimetric phosphors was measured. The characteristics of the OSP registration for the phosphors which has manganese Mn sup 2 sup + as the activator is considered. Decay time of inner center luminescence is 40-50 ms. This method is used for the dosimetry of the natural quartzes to determine their age.

  17. Optical enhancement of phosphor-converted wLEDs using glass beads

    Science.gov (United States)

    Güner, Tuğrul; Şentürk, Ufuk; Demir, Mustafa M.

    2017-10-01

    YAG:Ce3+ is a yellow-source compound commonly used in phosphor conversion layers for direct coating or remote phosphor configurations in LED illumination. This material, however, suffers from a high correlated color temperature, and low color-rendering index due to its deficiency in the red spectrum. In this study, glass beads (GB) with an average particle diameter of 10 μm were introduced to the conversion layer of a YAG:Ce3+ particulate-filled polydimethylsiloxane matrix composite structure and found to improve the optical features of the resulting composite.

  18. Uranium recovery from wet process phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1980-01-01

    In the field of metallurgy, specifically processes for recovering uranium from wet process phosphoric acid solution derived from the acidulation of uraniferous phosphate ores, problems of imbalance of ion exchange agents, contamination of recycled phosphoric acid with process organics and oxidizing agents, and loss and contamination of uranium product, are solved by removing organics from the raffinate after ion exchange conversion of uranium to uranous form and recovery thereof by ion exchange, and returning organics to the circuit to balance mono and disubstituted ester ion exchange agents; then oxidatively stripping uranium from the agent using hydrogen peroxide; then after ion exchange recovery of uranyl and scrubbing, stripping with sodium carbonate and acidifying the strip solution and using some of it for the scrubbing; regenerating the sodium loaded agent and recycling it to the uranous recovery step. Economic recovery of uranium as a by-product of phosphate fertilizer production is effected. (author)

  19. Synthesis and characterization of physical properties of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} semi-nanoflower phosphor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bagheri, A.; Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee, Kh.; Shakur, H.R. [University of Isfahan, Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Advance Sciences and Technologies, Isfahan (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Zamani Zeinali, H. [Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Agriculture, Medical and Industrial Research School, Karaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2016-05-15

    Pure gadolinium oxysulfide phosphor (Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S) and trivalent praseodymium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphor (Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+}) scintillators with semi-nanoflower crystalline structures were successfully synthesized through a precipitation method and subsequent calcination treatment as a converter for X-ray imaging detectors. The characterization such as the crystal structures and nanostructure of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} scintillator measured by XRD and FeE-SEM experiment. The optical properties of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} scintillator were studied. Luminescence spectra of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} under 320 nm UV excitation show a green emission at near 511 nm corresponding to the {sup 3}P{sub 0}-{sup 3}H{sub 4} of Pr ions. After scintillation properties of synthesized Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} scintillator investigated, Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} scintillating film fabricated on a glass substrate by a sedimentation method. X-ray imaging of the fabricated scintillators confirmed that the Gd{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Pr{sup 3+} scintillator could be used for radiography applications in which good spatial resolution is needed. (orig.)

  20. Retention of phosphorous ions on natural and engineered waste pumice: Characterization, equilibrium, competing ions, regeneration, kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Karimaian, Kamal Aldin [Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sannandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Amrane, Abdeltif [Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR 6226, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 (France); Kazemian, Hossein [Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B9 (Canada); Panahi, Reza [Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Zarrabi, Mansur, E-mail: mansor62@gmail.com [Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2013-11-01

    Natural and Mg{sup 2+} modified pumice were used for the removal of phosphorous. The adsorbents were characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM and FTIR instrumental techniques. In the optimal conditions, namely at equilibrium time (30 min), for a phosphorus concentration of 15 mg/L and pH 6, 69 and 97% phosphorus removals were achieved using 10 g/L of natural and modified pumice adsorbents, respectively. Maximum adsorption capacities were 11.88 and 17.71 mg/g by natural and modified pumice, respectively. Pseudo-second order kinetic model was the most relevant to describe the kinetic of phosphorus adsorption. External mass transfer coefficient decreased for increasing phosphorous concentration and film diffusion was found to be the rate-controlling step. Only a very low dissolution of the adsorbent was observed, leading to a low increase in conductivity and turbidity. Removal efficiency decreased for increasing ionic strength. It also decreased in the presence of competing ions; however modified pumice remained effective, since 67% of phosphorus was removed, versus only 17% for the natural pumice. The efficiency of the modified pumice was confirmed during the regeneration tests, since 96% regeneration yield was obtained after 510 min experiment, while only 22% was observed for the raw pumice.

  1. Effect of Er doping on optical transmission and EL spectra of (Zn, Cd)S:Cu phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Patil, P.K.; Nandgave, J.K.; Lawangar Pawar, R.D.

    1991-01-01

    Powder phosphors((Znsub(0.4)Cdsub(0.6))S)doped with Cu and Er have been prepared under the inert atmosphere of argon. The optical transmission spectra of Cu doped phosphors have been investigated and explained on the basis of copper associated defect states. The improvement of optical transmission of the phosphors due to Er doping has been reported and explained. The EL emission spectrum of (Znsub(0.4)Cdsub(0.6))S:Cu:Er phosphors exhibits two broad bands characteristic of Cu. The absence of characteristic Er bands has been explained as an effect of thermal quenching of Er donor levels. (author). 9 refs., 2 figs

  2. Development of Efficient UV-LED Phosphor Coatings for Energy Saving Solid State Lighting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Uwe Happek

    2006-01-01

    The University of Georgia, in collaboration with GE Global Research, has investigated the relevant quenching mechanism of phosphor coatings used in white light devices based on UV LEDs. The final goal of the project was the design and fabrication of a high-efficacy white light UV-LED device through improved geometry and optimized phosphor coatings. At the end of the research period, which was extended to seamlessly carry over the research to a follow-up program, we have demonstrated a two-fold improvement in the conversion efficiency of a white light LED device, where the increase efficacy is due to both improved phosphor quantum efficiency and lamp geometry. Working prototypes have been displayed at DOE sponsored meetings and during the final presentation at the DOE Headquarters in Washington, DC. During the first phase of the project, a fundamental understanding of quenching processes in UV-LEDs was obtained, and the relationships that describe the performance of the phosphor as a function of photon flux, temperature, and phosphor composition were established. In the second phase of the project, these findings were then implemented to design the improved UV-LED lamp. In addition, our research provides a road map for the design of efficient white light LEDs, which will be an important asset during a follow-up project led by GE

  3. Thermographic inspection of bond defects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer applied to masonry structures

    Science.gov (United States)

    Masini, N.; Aiello, M. A.; Capozzoli, L.; Vasanelli, E.

    2012-04-01

    Nowadays, externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) are extensively used for strengthening and repairing masonry and reinforced concrete existing structures; they have had a rapid spread in the area of rehabilitation for their many advantages over other conventional repair systems, such as lightweight, excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance, high strength, etc. FRP systems applied to masonry or concrete structures are typically installed using a wet-layup technique.The method is susceptible to cause flaws or defects in the bond between the FRP system and the substrate, which may reduce the effectiveness of the reinforcing systems and the correct transfer of load from the structure to the composite. Thus it is of primary importance to detect the presence of defects and to quantify their extension in order to eventually provide correct repair measurements. The IR thermography has been cited by the several guidelines as a good mean to qualitatively evaluate the presence of installation defects and to monitor the reinforcing system with time.The method is non-destructive and does not require contact with the composite or other means except air to detect the reinforcement. Some works in the literature have been published on this topic. Most of the researches aim at using the IR thermography technique to characterize quantitatively the defects in terms of depth, extension and type in order to have an experimental database on defect typology to evaluate the long term performances of the reinforcing system. Nevertheless, most of the works in the literature concerns with FRP applied to concrete structures without considering the case of masonry structures. In the present research artificial bond defects between FRP and the masonry substrate have been reproduced in laboratory and the IR multi temporal thermography technique has been used to detect them. Thermographic analysis has been carried out on two wall samples having limited dimensions (100 x 70 cm) both

  4. Application of a precipitation method for uranium recovery from abu-zaabal phosphoric acid plant, Egypt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-hazek, N.M.T.; Hussein, E.M.

    1995-01-01

    Current industrial recovery of uranium from 30% phosphoric acid-produced by the dihydrate process-is based on solvent extraction method. Uranium recovery from concentrated phosphoric acid (45-52% p o5 ) produced by evaporation of the 30% acid or directly produced by the hemihydrate process, by solvent extraction is difficult to apply in practice. In addition to possible contamination of the acid by the organic solvents and/or their deterioration. This paper investigates the possibility of applying a precipitation method (Weterings and Janssen, 1985) for uranium recovery from both low (28% P 2 O 5 ) and high (48% P 2 O 5 ) concentration phosphoric acids produced by abu-zaabal phosphoric acid plant (Abuzaabal fertilizers and chemicals Co., Egypt). The 28% acid produced by H 2 SO 4 dihydrate method and the 48% acid produced by evaporation of the 28% acid The applied precipitation method depends on using NH 4 F as a uranium precipitant from both low and high concentration phosphoric acids in presence of acetone as a dispersing agent. All the relevant factors have been studied

  5. Effect of sol aging time on the anti-reflective properties of silica coatings templated with phosphoric acid

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wen Wen

    Full Text Available Silica anti-reflective coatings have been prepared by a sol–gel dip-coating process using the sol containing phosphoric acid as a pore-forming template. The effect of the aging time of the sol on the anti-reflective properties has been investigated. The surface topography of the silica AR coatings has been characterized. With increasing sol aging time, more over-sized pores larger than 100 nm are formed in the silica coatings. These could act as scattering centers, scattering visible light and thereby lowering transmittance. The optimal aging time was identified as 1 day, and the corresponding silica coatings showed a maximum transmittance of 99.2%, representing an 8% increase compared to the bare glass substrate. Keywords: Thin films, Anti-reflective coatings, Aging, Dip-coating, Sol–gel preparation

  6. Development of Dy3+ activated K2MgP2O7 pyrophosphate phosphor for energy saving lamp

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kohale, R.L.; Dhoble, S.J.

    2013-01-01

    Present work reports, synthesis of Dy 3+ activated K 2 MgP 2 O 7 pyrophosphate phosphor by using modified solid state diffusion that has been studied for its X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). Furthermore, the chromaticity coordinate values were estimated from emission spectra of K 2 MgP 2 O 7 . The photoluminescence emission spectra of the phosphors having an excitation at around 351 nm (mercury free) showed two distinguishing bands centered at around 485 nm (blue) and 575 nm (yellow) corresponding to 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F9 /2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions of Dy 3+ , respectively. These phosphors have strong absorption in the near UV region. K 2 MgP 2 O 7 pyrophosphate phosphor is suitable for color converter using UV light as the primary light source, which can be used as a blue/yellow phosphor excited by n-UV LED chip and mixed with other color emission phosphors to obtain white light. The 300–400 nm is Hg-free excitation (mercury excitation is 85% 254 nm wavelength of light and 15% other wavelengths), which is characteristic of solid-state lighting phosphors. Hence PL emission in trivalent dysprosium may be efficient photoluminescent materials for solid-state lighting phosphors. The intact study reveals that the present phosphor have promising applications in the lamp industry especially for solid state lighting (mercury-free excited lamp phosphor) and white light LED. -- Highlights: ► Dy 3+ activated pyrophosphate based phosphor prepared by modified solid state diffusion. ► PL emission spectrum of Dy 3+ ion under 351 nm excitation (Hg-free). ► PL emission at 485 nm (blue), 575 nm (yellow) emission. ► K 2 MgP 2 O 7 : Dy 3+ is expected to be a potential candidate for application in n-UV white LEDs and solid state lighting

  7. Process for the winning of a concentrate containing uranium and purified phosphoric acid, as well as the concentrate containing uranium and purified phosphoric acid obtained by this process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1980-01-01

    The uranium containing concentrate and purified phosphoric acid are obtained by treating wet phosphoric acid with an inorganic fluorine compound (ammonium fluoride) and an aliphatic ketone (acetone) in the presence of a reducing agent (finely divided iron). The ketone is added first and the formed uranium precipitate is separated from the solution. If the fluorine compound is added first, the yield is lowered by a factor of 2. (Th.P.)

  8. Continuous tests of Phosphoric Acid - dihydrate process - from phosphatic concentrate of Itataia-CE ore

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos Benedetto, J. dos.

    1984-01-01

    A consolidation of principal studies and continuous tests done with phosphatic concentrated of Itataia ore intending phosphoric acid production by humid-route dihydrate way process is presented. The production of phosphoric acid is applied in uranium extraction process by solvents. (author) [pt

  9. The High-Temperature Synthesis of the Nanoscaled White-Light Phosphors Applied in the White-Light LEDs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hao-Ying Lu

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The white-light phosphors consisting of Dy3+ doped YPO4 and Dy3+ doped YP1-XVXO4 were prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method. After the 1200°C thermal treatment in the air atmosphere, the white-light phosphors with particle sizes around 90 nm can be obtained. In order to reduce the average particle size of phosphors, the alkaline washing method was applied to the original synthesis process, which reduces the particle sizes to 65 nm. From the PLE spectra, four absorption peaks locating at 325, 352, 366, and 390 nm can be observed in the YPO4-based phosphors. These peaks appear due to the following electron transitions: 6H15/2→4K15/2, 6H15/2→4M15/2+6P7/2, 6H15/2→4I11/2, and 6H15/2→4M19/2. Besides, the emission peaks of wavelengths 484 nm and 576 nm can be observed in the PL spectra. In order to obtain the white-light phosphors, the vanadium ions were applied to substitute the phosphorus ions to compose the YP1-XVXO4 phosphors. From the PL spectra, the strongest PL intensity can be obtained with 30% vanadium ions. As the concentration of vanadium ions increases to 40%, the phosphors with the CIE coordinates locating at the white-light area can be obtained.

  10. Crystal structure, thermally stability and photoluminescence properties of novel Sr10(PO4)6O:Eu2+ phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guo, Qingfeng; Liao, Libing; Mei, Lefu; Liu, Haikun

    2015-01-01

    A series of novel luminescent phosphors Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O:Eu 2+ with apatite structure were synthesized via a high temperature solid-state reaction. The phase structure, photoluminescence (PL) properties, the PL thermal stability, as well as the fluorescence decay curves of the samples were investigated to characterize the resulting samples, and the selected Sr 9.97 (PO 4 ) 6 O:0.03Eu 2+ phosphor exhibits strong thermal quenching resistance, retaining the luminance of 88.73% at 150 °C. The quenching concentration of Eu 2+ in Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O was about 0.03 attributing to the dipole–quadrupole interaction. The Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O:Eu 2+ phosphor exhibited a broad-band blue emission at 439 nm upon excitation at 346 nm. The results indicate that Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O:Eu 2+ phosphors have potential applications as near UV-convertible phosphors for white-light UV LEDs. - Graphical abstract: Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O:Eu 2+ phosphors have potential applications as near UV-convertible phosphors for white-light UV LEDs. - Highlights: • Sr 9.97 (PO 4 ) 6 O:0.03Eu 2+ phosphor exhibits strong thermal quenching resistance. • Two different Eu 2+ emission centers exists in Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 O. • The activation energy was also estimated for the Eu 2+ luminescence center

  11. Inorganic-Organic hybrid materials for uranium extraction from phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El-Mourabit, Sabah

    2013-01-01

    Phosphate rocks are industrially processed in large quantities to produce phosphoric acid and fertilisers. These rocks contain significant concentration of uranium (50 to 300 ppm) which could be interesting for nuclear industry. This work deals with the valorisation of uranium as a by-product from fertiliser industry. The aim of this study is to develop a hybrid material, constituted of an inorganic solid support grafted with an extractant (complexing molecule), which can extract selectively uranium from phosphoric acid medium. The first step of our approach was to identify an inorganic support which is stable under these particular conditions (strong acidity and complexing medium). The chemical and mechanical stability of different meso-porous materials, such as silica, glass and carbon was studied. In a second phase, we focused on the identification and the optimisation of complexing molecules, specific of uranium in phosphoric acid. These ligands were then grafted on the most stable solids. Finally, the efficiency of these hybrid systems was evaluated through different tests of extraction, selectivity and de-extraction. (author) [fr

  12. Effect of annealing on structural and luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped NaYF4 phosphor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pathak, Trilok K.; Kumar, Ashwini; Swart, H. C.; Kroon, R. E.

    2018-04-01

    Eu3+ doped NaYF4 phosphors have been synthesized by the combustion method. The effect of annealing on the structural, morphological and luminescence properties has been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the Eu3+ doped NaYF4 phosphors consisted of mixed phases: α-phase and β-phase which were affected by the annealing of the phosphor. The surface morphology showed a significant change with annealing in the Eu3+ doped NaYF4 phosphors. The elemental mapping and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra proved the formation of the desired materials. The photoluminescence spectra illustrated the optical properties of Eu3+ in the as-prepared and annealed Eu3+ doped NaYF4 phosphors. The intensity of the peaks 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D0 → 7F1 varied in as-prepared and annealed samples. The lifetime of the Eu3+ luminescence at 615 nm was also weakly affected by the Eu3+ doping and annealing temperature.

  13. Integrated chemical process for exothermic wave synthesis of high luminance YAG:Ce phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Won, C.W.; Nersisyan, H.H.; Won, H.I.; Youn, J.W.

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, high-luminance yellow-emitting Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ phosphor (YAG:Ce) microparticles were prepared in a solid flame using a 1.425Y 2 O 3 +2.5Al 2 O 3 +0.15CeO 2 +k(KClO 3 +urea)+mNH 4 F precursor mixture (here k is the number of moles of the KClO 3 +urea red-ox mixture, and m is the number of moles of NH 4 F). The self-sustaining combustion process for the entire reaction sample was provided by the heat generated from the KClO 3 +urea mixture. Parametric studies demonstrated that the maximum temperature in the combustion wave varied from 885 to 1200 deg. C for k=2.0-3.0 mole and m=0-1.5 mole. X-ray analysis results showed that the product obtained in the solid flame consisted of Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce 3+ and KCl phases. Therefore, after dissolving potassium chloride in distillated water, pure-phase YAG:Ce phosphor powder was obtained. The as-prepared YAG:Ce phosphor particles had diameters of 10-25 μm and good dispersity and exhibited luminescence properties comparable to those of YAG:Ce phosphor powders prepared by conventional high-temperature processing. - Highlights: → A new solid-flame strategy was developed for synthesizing high-luminance YAG:Ce phosphor. → Adding KClO 3 +CO(NH 2 ) 2 +NH 4 F mixture to oxide powders provides a low-temperature combustion process. → YAG:Ce phosphor particles 10-25 μm in diameter were obtained at 1000-1100 deg. C within tens of seconds. → As-prepared YAG:Ce emission intensity was 90.1-103.2% compared to that of the reference sample.

  14. Emission spectra of phosphor MgSO4 doped with Dy and Mn

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Chunxiang; Chen Lixin; Tang Qiang; Luo Daling; Qiu Zhiren

    2001-01-01

    Emission spectra of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy and Dy/Mn were measured with an optical multichannel analyzer and a linear heating system whose temperature was controlled by a microcomputer. The emission spectrum bands at 480 nm and 580 nm of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy were observed in the three dimensional (3D) glow curves. Compared with the 3D spectrum of CaSO 4 :Dy and the spectrum bands of MgSO 4 :Dy shows the same wavelengths which resulted from the quantum transitions among the energy levels of Dy 3 '+ ions. The intensities of the glow peaks in both spectrum bands (480 nm and 580 nm) of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy/Mn were dramatically reduced except the 380 degree C glow peak

  15. Gamma radiation induced sensitization and photo-transfer in Mg2SiO4:Tb TLD phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lakshmanan, A.R.; Vohra, K.G.

    1979-01-01

    Mg 2 SiO 4 :Tb TLD phosphor was found to show enhanced TL sensitivity to both gamma and UV radiations after high pre-gamma exposures (>100 R) and a post-annealing treatment at 300 0 C for 1 h. Maximum sensitization factors of 2.8 and 55 were obtained at the pre-expsoure levels of 5.2x10 1 C/kg and 1.3x10 3 C/kg for gamma and UV test radiations respectively. The near constancy of the intensity of the residual TL (RTL) peak at 500 0 C for the sensitized sample with increasing test-gamma exposures has ruled out the re-trapping model proposed earlier for the gamma radiation induced sensitization in this phosphor. The Tsub(max) for the sensitized phosphor was found to occur at a higher temperature compared to that for the virgin phosphor. The dependence of sensitization on RTL was explained qualitatively on the basis of competition between sensitization traps (having higher energy than the dosimetry traps) and RTL traps while capturing the charge carriers generated during the test-gamma exposure. The sensitization observed in this phosphor to UV test radiation was found to be a consequence of the photo-transfer of charge carriers from deep (RTL) traps to the shallow (dosimetry) traps. The reduction in RTL peak (500 0 C) intensity of the sensitized sample with increasing test-UV exposure has demonstrated the photo-transfer mechanism in this phosphor. The TL response of the virgin Mg 2 SiO 4 :Tb phosphor was found to be supralinear to both gamma and UV radiations. The TL response of the sensitized phosphor was found to be linear to gamma radiation and sublinear to UV radiation. (Auth.)

  16. Evaluation of new and conventional thermoluminescent phosphors for environmental monitoring using automated thermoluminescent dosimeter readers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rathbone, B.A.; Endres, A.W.; Antonio, E.J.

    1994-10-01

    In recent years, there has been considerable interest in a new generation of super-sensitive thermoluminescent (TL) phosphors for potential use in routine personnel and environmental monitoring. Two of these phosphors, α-Al 2 O 3 :C and LiF:Mg,Cu,P, are evaluated in this paper for selected characteristics relevant to environmental monitoring, along with two conventional phosphors widely used in environmental monitoring, LiF:Mg,Ti and CaF 2 :Dy. The characteristics evaluated are light-induced fading, light-induced background, linearity and variability at low dose, and the minimum measurable dose. These characteristics were determined using an automated commercial dosimetry system (Harshaw System 8800) and routine processing protocols. Annealing and readout protocols for each phosphor were optimized for use in a large-scale environmental monitoring program

  17. Direct digital radiography versus storage phosphor radiography in the detection of wrist fractures

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Peer, Siegfried; Neitzel, Ulrich; Giacomuzzi, Salvatore M.; Pechlaner, Sigurd; KUenzel, Karl Heinz; Peer, Regina; Gassner, Eva; Steingruber, Iris; Gaber, O.; Jaschke, Werner

    2002-04-01

    AIM: To define the value of digital radiography with a clinical flat panel detector system for evaluation of wrist fractures in comparison with state of the art storage phosphor radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hard copy images of 26 fractured wrist specimens were acquired with the same exposure dose on a state of the art storage phosphor radiography system and a clinical flat panel detector. Image features like cortical bone surface, trabecular bone, soft tissues and fracture delineation were independently analysed by 4 observers using a standardised protocol. Image quality ratings were evaluated with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Flat panel detector radiographs were rated superior with respect to cortical and trabecular bone representation as well as fracture evaluation, while storage phosphor radiographs produced better soft tissue detail. CONCLUSION: In some of the observed image quality aspects, the performance of caesium iodide/amorphous silicon flat panel detector exceeds state of the art storage phosphor radiography. This makes it well suited for skeletal imaging particularly in trauma as seen in the detection of wrist fractures. Peer, S. et al. (2002)

  18. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED CEMENT CONTAINING PHOSPHOROUS SLAG AND FLY ASH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Duo You

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Phosphorous slag is an industrial waste which potentially pollutes environments. The aim of the present work is to use phosphorous slag as a raw material to produce alkali-activated cement. The influence of mix proportion of phosphorous slag and fly ash, alkali content and modulus of water glass on the properties of alkali-activated phosphorous slag and fly ash cement (AA-PS-FA-C was studied. The results show that AA-PS-FA-C with normal setting performance and desirable mechanical properties can be prepared using water glass as the activator. Changing the fly ash content in the range of 0-40 wt% has only a small influence on the setting time of AA-PS-FA-C. The strengths significantly decrease when the fly ash content exceeds 30 wt%. The carbonation resistance of AA-PS-FA-C is similar to that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC, while the frost resistance is much better. The hardened paste of AA-PS-FA-C is much more compact than OPC paste.

  19. Direct digital radiography versus storage phosphor radiography in the detection of wrist fractures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Peer, Siegfried; Neitzel, Ulrich; Giacomuzzi, Salvatore M.; Pechlaner, Sigurd; KUenzel, Karl Heinz; Peer, Regina; Gassner, Eva; Steingruber, Iris; Gaber, O.; Jaschke, Werner

    2002-01-01

    AIM: To define the value of digital radiography with a clinical flat panel detector system for evaluation of wrist fractures in comparison with state of the art storage phosphor radiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hard copy images of 26 fractured wrist specimens were acquired with the same exposure dose on a state of the art storage phosphor radiography system and a clinical flat panel detector. Image features like cortical bone surface, trabecular bone, soft tissues and fracture delineation were independently analysed by 4 observers using a standardised protocol. Image quality ratings were evaluated with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Flat panel detector radiographs were rated superior with respect to cortical and trabecular bone representation as well as fracture evaluation, while storage phosphor radiographs produced better soft tissue detail. CONCLUSION: In some of the observed image quality aspects, the performance of caesium iodide/amorphous silicon flat panel detector exceeds state of the art storage phosphor radiography. This makes it well suited for skeletal imaging particularly in trauma as seen in the detection of wrist fractures. Peer, S. et al. (2002)

  20. Contrast and decay of cathodoluminescence from phosphor particles in a scanning electron microscope.

    Science.gov (United States)

    den Engelsen, Daniel; Harris, Paul G; Ireland, Terry G; Fern, George R; Silver, Jack

    2015-10-01

    Cathodoluminescence (CL) studies are reported on phosphors in a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). ZnO: Zn and other luminescent powders manifest a bright ring around the periphery of the particles: this ring enhances the contrast. Additionally, particles resting on top of others are substantially brighter than underlying ones. These phenomena are explained in terms of the combined effects of electrons backscattered out of the particles, together with light absorption by the substrate. The contrast is found to be a function of the particle size and the energy of the primary electrons. Some phosphor materials exhibit a pronounced comet-like structure at high scan rates in a CL-image, because the particle continues to emit light after the electron beam has moved to a position without phosphor material. Image analysis has been used to study the loss of brightness along the tail and hence to determine the decay time of the materials. The effect of phosphor saturation on the determination of decay times by CL-microscopy was also investigated. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Photoluminescence properties of Li{sup +}-doped KNbO{sub 3}: Eu{sup 3+} phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Balakrishnaiah, R.; Kim, Dongwoo; Yi, Soungsoo; Kim, Sunghoon [Silla University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Kiwan; Lee, Hosueb [Changwon National University, Changwon (Korea, Republic of); Moon, Byungkee; Jeong, Junghyun [Pukyong National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-12-15

    Different concentrations of Li{sup +}-ions doped KNbO{sub 3}:Eu polycrystalline powder phosphors were prepared by using the conventional solid state reaction method and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and by using photoluminescence excitation and emission measurements. The morphological and the photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were effectively improved with Li-doping. The PL properties as a function of Li concentration in the Li-doped KNbO{sub 3}:Eu phosphors using different excitation wavelengths, along with a comparison of results with these in similar reported works, are discussed in the present work.

  2. Uranium recovery from the concentrated phosphoric acid prepared by the hemi-hydrate process

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fouad, E A; Mahdy, M A; Bakr, M Y [Nuclear materials authority, Cairo, (Egypt); Zatout, A A [Faculty of engineering, Alex. university, Alex, (Egypt)

    1995-10-01

    It has been proved that the uranium dissolution from El-sebaiya phosphate ore was possible by using 10 Kg of K Cl O{sub 4}/ ton rock during the preparation of high strength phosphoric acid using the hemi hydrate process. In the present work, effective extraction of uranium (about 90%) from the high strength phosphoric acid using a new synergistic solvent mixture of 0.75 M D 2 EHPA/0.1 M TOHPO had been a success. Stripping of uranium from the organic phase was possible by 10 M phosphoric acid while the direct precipitation of uranium concentrate from the later was feasible by using N H{sub 4} F in presence of acetone. 8 figs.

  3. Uranium recovery from the concentrated phosphoric acid prepared by the hemi-hydrate process

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fouad, E.A.; Mahdy, M.A.; Bakr, M.Y.; Zatout, A.A.

    1995-01-01

    It has been proved that the uranium dissolution from El-sebaiya phosphate ore was possible by using 10 Kg of K Cl O 4 / ton rock during the preparation of high strength phosphoric acid using the hemi hydrate process. In the present work, effective extraction of uranium (about 90%) from the high strength phosphoric acid using a new synergistic solvent mixture of 0.75 M D 2 EHPA/0.1 M TOHPO had been a success. Stripping of uranium from the organic phase was possible by 10 M phosphoric acid while the direct precipitation of uranium concentrate from the later was feasible by using N H 4 F in presence of acetone. 8 figs

  4. Host sensitized near-infrared emission in Nd3+ doped different alkaline-sodium-phosphate phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balakrishna, A.; Swart, H. C.; Kroon, R. E.; Ntwaeaborwa, O. M.

    2018-04-01

    Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors of different alkaline based sodium-phosphate (MNa[PO4], where M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba were prepared by a conventional solution combustion method with fixed doping concentration of Nd3+ (1.0 mol%). The phosphors were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescent spectrophotometry. The optical properties including reflectance, excitation and emission were investigated. The excitation spectra of the phosphors were characterized by a broadband extending from 450 to 900 nm. Upon excitation with a wavelength of 580 nm, the phosphor emits intensely infrared region at 872 nm, 1060 nm and 1325 nm which correspond to the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2, 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 transitions of Nd3+ ions and were found to vary for the different hosts. The strongest emission wavelength reaches 1060 nm. The most intense emission of Nd3+ was observed from Ca2+ incorporated host. The down conversion emissions of the material fall in the NIR region suggesting that the prepared phosphors have potential application in the development of photonic devices emitting in the NIR.

  5. Red carbon dots-based phosphors for white light-emitting diodes with color rendering index of 92.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Yuechen; Wang, Yi; Li, Di; Zhou, Ding; Jing, Pengtao; Shen, Dezhen; Qu, Songnan

    2018-05-29

    Exploration of solid-state efficient red emissive carbon dots (CDs) phosphors is strongly desired for the development of high performance CDs-based white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). In this work, enhanced red emissive CDs-based phosphors with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 25% were prepared by embedding red emissive CDs (PLQYs of 23%) into polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Because of the protection of PVP, the phosphors could preserve strong luminescence under long-term UV excitation or being mixed with conventional packaging materials. By applying the red emissive phosphors as the color conversion layer, WLEDs with high color rendering index of 92 and color coordinate of (0.33, 0.33) are fabricated. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Potential tunable white-emitting phosphor LiSr4(BO3)3:Ce3+, Eu2+ for ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Qian; Deng Degang; Hua Youjie; Huang Lihui; Wang Huanping; Zhao Shilong; Jia Guohua; Li Chenxia; Xu Shiqing

    2012-01-01

    A novel Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ co-activated LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 phosphor has been synthesized by traditional solid-state reaction. The samples could display varied color emission from blue towards white and ultimately to yellow under the excitation of ultraviolet (UV) light with the appropriate adjustment of the relative proportion of Ce 3+ /Eu 2+ . The resonance-type energy transfer mechanism from Ce 3+ to Eu 2+ in LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 :Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphors is dominant by electric dipole–dipole interaction, and the critical distance is calculated to be about 29.14 Å by the spectra overlap method. White light was observed from LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 :mCe 3+ , nEu 2+ phosphors with chromaticity coordinates (0.34, 0.30) upon 350 nm excitation. The LiSr 4 (BO 3 ) 3 :Ce 3+ , Eu 2+ phosphor has potential applications as an UV radiation-converting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes. - Highlights: ► White light was observed from the novel phosphor with chromaticity coordinate (0.34, 0.30). ► Resonant energy transfer between Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ occurs in the novel phosphor. ► This novel phosphor has potential applications as a UV-driven light-emitting phosphor.

  7. A thermographic study on eyes affected by Age-related Macular Degeneration: Comparison among various forms of the pathology and analysis of risk factors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matteoli, Sara; Finocchio, Lucia; Biagini, Ilaria; Giacomelli, Giovanni; Sodi, Andrea; Corvi, Andrea; Virgili, Gianni; Rizzo, Stanislao

    2016-05-01

    The aims of this study are to investigate (1) the ocular thermographic profiles in eyes affected by Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and age-matched controls to detect possible hemodynamic abnormalities that could be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, (2) whether any risk factors associated with the disease could affect the development of a form of AMD rather than another. Thirty-four eyes with Age-Related Maculopathy (ARM), 41 eyes with dry AMD, 60 eyes affected by wet AMD, and 74 eyes with fibrotic AMD were included in the study. The control group consisted of 48 healthy eyes. Exclusion criteria were represented by any other ocular diseases other than AMD, tear film abnormalities, systemic cardiovascular abnormalities, systemic diseases and a body temperature higher than 37.5 °C. A total of 210 eyes without pupil dilation were investigated by infrared thermography (FLIR A320). The Ocular Surface Temperature (OST) of five ocular areas was calculated by means of an image processing technique from the infrared images. Two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA test and multivariate analysis were used for statistical analyses. ANOVA analyses showed no significant differences among AMD groups (P-value > 0.05), however, OST in AMD patients was significantly lower than in controls (P-value < 0.0001). Smokers showed higher possibility (P-value = 0.012) of developing wet AMD instead of dry AMD. Infrared thermography may be a helpful, non-invasive and not time-consuming method to be used in the management of patients with this common degenerative maculopathy.

  8. Investigation on photoluminescence, electrical and positron lifetime of Eu"3"+ activated Gd_2O_3 phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Selvalakshmi, Thangaraj; Sellaiyan, Selvakumar; Uedono, Akira; Chandra Bose, Arumugam

    2015-01-01

    In the present study, red emitting Gd_2O_3:Eu"3"+ phosphors are prepared by citrate-based sol–gel process and the as-prepared samples are annealed at various annealing temperatures. The photoluminescence properties of Gd_2O_3:Eu"3"+ is explained from the excitation and emission spectra. The excitation spectra include peaks corresponding to charge transfer and 4f–4f transitions of Eu"3"+ and Gd"3"+. The phosphors exhibit a weak energy transfer process from Gd"3"+ to Eu"3"+. Under the excitation of 254 nm, a sharp red emission peak is observed at 611 nm and the emission intensity increases with the annealing temperature. The presence of defects in the phosphor is investigated by positron annihilation lifetime and Doppler broadening spectroscopy. The relation between visible emission and lattice defects of the phosphors is presented. The electrical and dielectric properties of the phosphor are also discussed in detail. Such red emitting phosphors pave the way towards the fabrication of light emitting diodes (LEDs). - Highlights: • Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy of Gd_2O_3:Eu"3"+. • Relation between positron lifetime and photoluminescence. • Conductivity and dielectric properties of Gd_2O_3:Eu"3"+.

  9. Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of CdTe/CdS solar cell via luminescent downshifting using K{sub 2}SiF{sub 6}:Mn{sup 4+} phosphors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Talewar, R. A., E-mail: talewarrupesh@gmail.com; Joshi, C. P. [Physics Department, Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, Katol Road, Nagpur 440013 (India); Moharil, S. V. [Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440010 (India)

    2016-05-23

    The efficiency of CdTe/CdS solar cell can be significantly improved by using luminescent down-shifting material on their front surface. Taking this into account a red emitting phosphor K{sub 2}Si{sub 1-x}F{sub 6}:xMn{sup 4+} (x=10 to 25 mol %) has been synthesized through wet chemical method. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The photoluminescence studies of K{sub 2}SiF{sub 6}:Mn{sup 4+} revealed enhancement in the emission intensity, when Mn{sup 4+} concentration was increased from 10 mol % to 25 mol %. This red emitting phosphor efficiently absorbs the photons typically in the region 300-500 nm and re-emits in the region where the photovoltaic device exhibits significantly better response. The results show the possibility of enhancing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of CdTe thin film solar cell by modifying the absorption spectra and utilising the energy in the UV-blue part of the solar spectrum.

  10. Intense blue upconversion emission and intrinsic optical bistability in Tm3+/Yb3+/Zn2+ tridoped YVO4 phosphors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yadav, Manglesh; Mondal, Manisha; Mukhopadhyay, Lakshmi; Rai, Vineet Kumar

    2018-04-01

    Tm3+/Yb3+/Zn2+:yttrium metavanadate (YVO4) phosphors prepared through chemical coprecipitation and the solid state reaction method have been structurally characterized by an x-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Photoluminescence study of the developed phosphors under ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) excitation has been performed. The excitation spectrum of the tetragonal zircon type YVO4 phosphors corresponding to the emission at ˜476 nm exhibits a broad excitation peak in the 250-350 nm region, which is due to charge distribution in the {{{{VO}}}4}3- group. Under 980 nm CW diode laser excitation, enhancements of about ˜3000 times and ˜40 times have been observed for the blue band in the tridoped Tm3+Yb3+Zn2+:YVO4 phosphors compared to those of the Tm3+:YVO4 singly and Tm3+/Yb3+:YVO4 codoped phosphors, respectively. A downconversion (DC) emission study shows an enhancement of about ˜50 times for the blue band in the tridoped phosphors compared to that of the singly doped phosphors. Optical bistability (OB) behavior of the developed phosphors has been also investigated upon 980 nm excitation. The calculated Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) color coordinates lie in the blue region with 96.5% color purity under 980 nm excitation, having a color temperature of ˜3400 K. Our observations show that the developed phosphors may be suitably used in dual mode luminescence spectroscopy, display devices, and UV LED chips.

  11. Effect of temperature during UV and gamma irradiations of TL phosphor CaSO4:Dy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagpal, J.S.; Pendurkar, H.K.

    1979-01-01

    Temperature is an important parameter in thermoluminescence studies. Irradiation at enhanced temperatures reduces the γ response of TL phosphor CaSO 4 :Dy. However, in the presence of fluorescent lights, the γ response of the phosphor is enhanced by approximately 20% for temperatures around 60-100 0 C. If the phosphor temperature during UV exposure is kept high, the integrated TL output continues to increase until it reaches 18 times at 160 0 C as compared to that produced by UV exposure at room temperature. (Auth.)

  12. Possibility of RGB emission by Eu2+ ion doped MIIMIIIMVI phosphors for color inorganic electro- luminescent displays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jabbarov, R.B.; Tagiev, B.G.; Tagiev, O.B.; Musaeva, N.N.; Benalloul, P.; Barthou, C.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: Eu 2+ ion give broad-band emission due to f-d transitions. The 5d orbital are not shelled from the host lattice by any occupied orbital. Therefore the wavelength positions of the emission bands depend on host and change from hear UV to red. With increasing crystal field strength, the emission bands shift to longer wavelength. The broad band absorption and luminescence of Eu 2+ is parity-and spin-allowed and lifetime is sub-microseconds. In resent years, many efforts have been devoted to luminescence studies of thio gallates and thio-aluminates doped with rare-earth ions because of their chemical stability in ambient environments. In ternary compounds both the ligand field at the divalent cation site and the nephelauxetic effect are reduced by the presence of trivalent or tetravalent ions. This effect is more pronounced with Al than with Ga. In a same family of compounds, the emission band generally shifts to shorter wavelengths with increasing M II /M IV or M VI /M III ratio. In this paper we revisited the luminescence of the phosphors CaGa 2 S 4 , BaGa 2 S 4 , BaAl 2 S 4 activated by Eu 2+ ion. Influence of temperature and Eu 2+ concentration on the luminescence characteristics of these phosphors are studied. These dates will be useful to evaluate the quality oi the powder or thin films prepared for devices

  13. Phosphoric acid fuel cell R and D activities at KACST

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ghouse, M.; Aba-Oud, H.; Ba-Junaid, M.; Al-Garni, M.; Quadri, M.I.

    1993-01-01

    The PAFC (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell) activities are directed towards the development of components of single cell and experimental stacks at KACST. The main aim of the present task is to design and construct a 1 kW PAFC Stack and demonstrate it by integrating with an electrolyser using a DC current generated by a photovoltaic power source. This paper describes the preparation of porous teflon bonded gas diffusion carbon electrodes and their evaluation as single phosphoric acid fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel and oxygen/air as an oxidant. 6 figs., 2 tabs., 15 refs

  14. Properties of precipitates formed during ammonization of extractional phosphoric acid

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zakharova, B.S.; Komissarova, L.N.; Naumov, S.V.; Traskin, V.Yu.

    1992-01-01

    Dimensions of precipitated rare-earth phosphate particles -(0.1 μm)- are near the boundary of colloidal system sedimentation stability range at neutralization of extraction phosphoric acid. Thus, formation of multiple aggregates of colloidal particles results in immediate sedimentation of the precipitate. Processes occurring within the system may be described using second order reaction equation. Average efficient size of precipitates grows at reduction of reaction mixture pH. About 30% of rare-earth elements and yttrium in the extraction phosphoric acid is extracted from it; concentration of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in precipitate is maximum 2 mass. %

  15. UV and VUV characteristics of (YGd)2O3:Eu phosphor particles prepared by spray pyrolysis from polymeric precursors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, E.J.; Kang, Y.C.; Park, H.D.; Ryu, S.K.

    2003-01-01

    Red-emitting (YGd) 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor particles, with high luminescence efficiency under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (UV) excitation, were prepared by a large-scale spray pyrolysis process. To control the morphology of phosphor particles under severe preparation conditions, spray solution with polymeric precursors were introduced in spray pyrolysis. The prepared (YGd) 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor particles had spherical shape and filled morphology even after post-treatment irrespective of Gd/Y ratio. In the case of solution with polymeric precursors, long polymeric chains formed by esterification reaction in a hot tubular reactor; the droplets turned into viscous gel, which retarded the precipitation of nitrate salts and promoted the volume precipitation of droplets. The brightness of (YGd) 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor particles increased with increasing gadolinium content, and the Gd 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor had the highest luminescence intensity under UV and VUV excitation. The maximum peak intensity of Gd 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor particles under UV and VUV were 118 and 110% of the commercial Y 2 O 3 :Eu phosphor particles, respectively

  16. Rapid synthesis of spherical-shaped green-emitting MgGa2O4:Mn2+ phosphor via spray pyrolysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choi, Sungho; Kim, Kyoungun; Moon, Young-Min; Park, Byung-Yoon; Jung, Ha-Kyun

    2010-01-01

    Simple, one-step synthesis of spherical-shaped powder phosphors with aqueous precursors via a spray pyrolysis method is reported. Green-emitting MgGa 2 O 4 :Mn 2+ phosphor with a controlled shape was successfully obtained by spraying under a reductive atmosphere (N 2 + H 2 carrier gas) without high-temperature post-heat treatment. In addition, the corresponding powder phosphors were well dispersed and showed a clean surface morphology compared to an existing cumbersome process using high-temperature post-annealing. The new method may help to prevent surface residual non-radiative defect sites. The result of highly luminescent and spherical morphology, non-aggregated powder phosphor by this procedure holds promise for a cost-effective and rapid synthesis process for conventional inorganic phosphors.

  17. Incompatibility of sensitisation and re-estimation of lithium fluoride thermoluminescent phosphor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bartlett, D.T.; Sandford, D.J.

    1978-01-01

    A technique of useful sensitisation of lithium fluoride thermoluminescent phosphor has been reported by Mayhugh and Fullerton, (USAEC Report COO-1105-209, 1974). This technique differs from that previously described (Cameron and Zimmerman, USAEC Report COO-1105-102, 1965) in that during the anneal at 300 degrees C which follows the high pre-dose, the phosphor is simultaneously exposed to 254 nm ultraviolet light. It is reported that this method removes interfering centres and hence reduces the lowest detectable dose. Sensitisation also has the advantages of improved tissue equivalence and increased range of linearity. However, a disadvantage of both techniques of sensitisation is that for sensitised phosphor, absorbed doses cannot be re-estimated by photo-transferred thermoluminescence. Results are compared for discs of lithium fluoride in PTFE, some of which were sensitised by each method, and some left unsensitised. It is concluded that for routine personal dosimetry the disadvantages of the loss of the facility to re-estimate absorbed dose outweighs the reported advantages of sensitisation. (author)

  18. Luminescence properties of phosphate phosphor Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Sm{sup 3+}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, Fu [College of Science, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000 (China); Liu, Yufeng, E-mail: liuyufeng4@126.com [State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Tian, Xiaodong; Dong, Guoyi [College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002 (China); Yu, Quanmao [Institute of Functional Materials, Jiangxi University of Finance & Economics, Nanchang 330013 (China)

    2015-05-15

    A series of reddish orange-emitting phosphate phosphors Ba{sub 3}Y{sub 1−x}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:xSm{sup 3+}(0.01≤x≤0.20) were synthesized by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the structure and luminescence properties of as-synthesized phosphors. The optimized phosphors Ba{sub 3}Y{sub 0.95}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:0.05Sm{sup 3+} present several excitation bands from 300 to 500 nm, and exhibit intense reddish orange-emitting properties. The energy transfer type between Sm{sup 3+} ions was confirmed as d–d interaction by using Van Uitert model. The chromatic properties of the typical sample Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:0.05Sm{sup 3+} phosphor have been found to have chromaticity coordinates of (0.583, 0.405), which are located in reddish orange region under the excitation of 401 nm. These results indicated that Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Sm{sup 3+} phosphors have potential applications in the field of lighting and display due to their effective excitation in the near-ultraviolet range. - Graphical abstract: The color coordinates for 5 mol% Sm{sup 3+} doped Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} phosphor were calculated to be (0.583, 0.405), which are located in reddish orange region under the excitation of 401 nm. The peaks of Ba{sub 3}Y{sub 0.95}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:0.05Sm{sup 3+} phosphor with the highest emission intensity at 600 nm are broader than those of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 2}S:Eu{sup 3+} phosphors. All these characteristics suggest that Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Sm{sup 3+} phosphors are suitable for near-UV (370–410 nm) excitation and can be applicable to near UV-based WLEDs. ▪ - Highlights: • Different concentration Sm{sup 3+}-doped Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} phosphors were fabricated by solid state method. • The optimized phosphors present the several excitation bands from 300 to 500 nm. • The Ba{sub 3}Y(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}:Sm{sup 3+} shows bright reddish orange

  19. Effect of synthesis methods on luminescence properties of LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphor for radiation dosimetry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palan, C.B., E-mail: chetupalan@rediffmail.com; Omanwar, S.K.

    2016-10-15

    The polycrystalline doped and un-doped LiCaPO{sub 4} phosphors were successfully prepared via solid state diffusion [SSD] and sol–gel [SG] methods. The sol–gel method was implied to decrease the processing time and heating temperature. The prepared un-doped and doped LiCaPO{sub 4} phosphors were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Additionally photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties were studied. The XRD patterns of prepared LiCaPO{sub 4} and LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphors were well matched with the ICDD file. The average particles size of LiCaPO{sub 4} and LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphors were found to be in the range 2–10 μm by SSD method and 2-5 μm by SG method. The excitation spectra of LiCaPO{sub 4} and LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphors consist of broad band in the range 200–330 nm and maximum intensity was observed at 314 nm. Also emission spectra consist of broad band in range from 330–500 nm and maximum intensity was observed at 369 nm. With the increase of Ce{sup 3+} ions concentration, the emission spectra of LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce{sup 3+} phosphors shifted to a longer wavelength. The prepared phosphors were showed excellent TL properties under β irradiation. The OSL sensitivity of the LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphor synthesized by the SSD method was the nearly same as compared with the OSL sensitivity of LiCaPO{sub 4}:Ce phosphor synthesized by the SG method.

  20. Enhanced red emission of LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphors by Li-doping

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Sung Wook; Yang, Hyun Kyoung; Chung, Jong Won; Moon, Byung Kee; Choi, Byung Chun; Jeong, Jung Hyun [Pukyoung National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of); Jang, Ki Wan; Lee, Ho Sueb [Changwon National University, Changwon (Korea, Republic of); Yi, Soung Soo [Silla University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

    2010-12-15

    LaVO{sub 4} phosphors were synthesized by using a solid state reaction, and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD patterns of the Li-doped LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} powder phosphors revealed a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. The tetragonal phase of the LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor showed a higher PL intensity than the monoclinic one, despite the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal structures. The Li-doped LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} powder phosphors absorbed strongly at 396 nm and exhibited strong red emission at approximately 619.5 nm due to the {sup 5}D{sub 0} {yields} {sup 7}F{sub 2} transition. The incorporation of Li{sup +} ions into the LaVO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} powder can lead to a remarkable increase in photoluminescence. The enhanced luminescence is attributed to the incorporation of Li{sup +} ions that may act as a sensitizers for effective energy transfer. This phosphor has promising applications in near-UV light-emitting diodes(LEDs).