The promises of the Amazonian soil: shifts in discourses of Terra Preta and biochar

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Carlos Bezerra, J.; Turnhout, E.; Melo Vasquez, I.; Francischinelli Rittl, T.; Arts, B.J.M.; Kuijper, Thomas

2016-01-01

Biochar – a carbon-rich product used as a soil conditioner – is among the more recent technologies in environmental governance. In the spirit of ecological modernisation, biochar is claimed to deliver multiple benefits for soil fertility and climate change mitigation. However, biochar has a long

Use of amazonian anthropogenic soils: Comparison between Caboclos communities and Tikunas indigenous group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torres Sanabria, Camilo; Cuartas Ricaurte, Jorge Armando

2013-01-01

In general terms, Amazonian soils are infertile and have several constraints for agricultural production. However, use by ancient human societies since pre-columbian times has driven landscape transformation of massive areas and development of anthropogenic soils called Terra Preta do Indio (TP) or Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE). ADE characterization, in terms of fertility and composition, has allowed the development of intensive agricultural activities over time. The current use of ADE for the Brazilian amazon peasants (Caboclos) is different from the indigenous communities in Colombia. The indigenous people in Colombia (Tikunas) no use this type of soils on behalf of cultural restrictions that avoid the use of ancient places. We are comparing the institutional conditions, migrations, social characterization and cultural factors that determine the use/no-use of these soils by the Amazonian societies.

EFEITO DA ALTURA DE CORTE NO CONTROLE DA JUREMA-PRETA [Mimosa tenuiflora (WILD POIR.

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JOSÉ MORAIS PEREIRA FILHO

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This work aimed to evaluate the effect of cut height on jurema-preta control. Thus, two trials were carried out, one in September 15th and other in December 15th of 1997. The experimental area had 1,400 m². Treatments were the height cuts of 25; 50; 75 and 100 cm from the soil. Evaluations were done when more than half of plants were showing 50% of their regrowth with a diameter of 0.7 cm. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split-plot, being the height cut the parcel and the cut the sub-parcel. In the first trial and at the end of the 3rd cut, the higher mortality of 84.6% was found among plants cut at 75 cm and the higher number of regrowth was observed in plants cut at 100 cm, but the stem diameter was not affected by treatments. In the second trial and at the end of the 3rd cut, the higher mortality of 50% was found among plants cut at 100 cm and the other variables were not affected by cut height. The control of jurema-preta may be done in September, cutting the plants at 75 or 100 cm from the soil and always cutting the regrowth plants when they reach 0.7 cm of diameter. The jurema-preta control by standardization cut in December was inefficient regardless the cut height.

Etnopedologia e transferência de conhecimento: diálogos entre os saberes indígena e técnico na Terra Indígena Malacacheta, Roraima Ethnopedology and knowledge transfer: dialogue between indians and soil scientists in the Malacacheta Indian Territory, Roraima, Amazon

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José Frutuoso do Vale Jr.

2007-04-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento indígena sobre a pedodiversidade é o objeto principal da etnopedologia. Nesse sentido, a tradição agrícola e cultural dos índios Uapixana, do tronco lingüístico Aruaque, em Roraima, constitui relevante acervo imaterial de valor etnocientífico, sendo valorizada pela Universidade Federal de Roraima em seus cursos superiores de Educação Indígena no Estado. Neste trabalho confrontou-se a experiência etnopedológica dos índios Uapixana com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, durante o levantamento de solos da Terra Indígena (TI Malacacheta. O sistema de classificação etnopedológica existente na comunidade indígena Uapixana da TI Malacacheta identifica e separa todos os principais compartimentos ambientais de ocorrência na área, permitindo relacionar aspectos de simples percepção e identificação (cor, textura, profundidade, vegetação com aspectos cognoscíveis (uso, tipo de cultivo, vocação, etc.. Os índios Uapixana identificam e classificam oito tipos básicos de solos, que ocorrem individualmente ou formando associações: Imii Wyzda'u (Terra Amarelada, Imii Wyza'u (Terra Vermelha, Imii Pudiidiu (Terra Preta, Imii Pudiidiza'u (Terra Roxa, Katy Bara Pudiidiu (Barro Arenoso, Imii Kaxidia'u (Estopa Preta, Imii Katy Bara Pudiidiu Naik Baraka'u (Terra Arenosa Preta e Branca e Imii Wyzadaza'u Rik Pudiidiu (Miscelânea de Terra Amarela, Roxa e afloramentos de rocha, abordando características morfológicas, físicas e químicas e as principais limitações quanto ao uso agrícola. Há relação evidente entre a dimensão do saber etnopedológico o saber etnoecológico, em sentido amplo. A experiência etnopedológica representa, assim, a extensão de uma abrangente cadeia de inter-relações homem-meio, dentro do princípio universal da ecologia humana da paisagem. O diálogo etnopedológico travado entre a comunidade indígena e os pedólogos trouxe contribuições muito relevantes e mutuamente

The Response of Paraburkholderia terrae Strains to Two Soil Fungi and the Potential Role of Oxalate

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Irshad Ul Haq

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Fungal-associated Paraburkholderia terrae strains in soil have been extensively studied, but their sensing strategies to locate fungi in soil have remained largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the behavior of five mycosphere-isolated P. terrae strains [including the type-3 secretion system negative mutant BS001-ΔsctD and the type strain DSM 17804T] with respect to their fungal-sensing strategies. The putative role of oxalic acid as a signaling molecule in the chemotaxis toward soil fungi, as well as a potential carbon source, was assessed. First, all P. terrae strains, including the type strain, were found to sense, and show a chemotactic response toward, the different levels of oxalic acid (0.1, 0.5, and 0.8% applied at a distance. The chemotactic responses were faster and stronger at lower concentrations (0.1% than at higher ones. We then tested the chemotactic responses of all strains toward exudates of the soil fungi Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302 used in different dilutions (undiluted, 1:10, 1:100 diluted versus the control. All P. terrae strains showed significant directed chemotactic behavior toward the exudate source, with full-strength exudates inciting the strongest responses. In a separate experiment, strain BS001 was shown to be able to grow on oxalate-amended (0.1 and 0.5% mineral medium M9. Chemical analyses of the fungal secretomes using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, next to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, indeed revealed the presence of oxalic acid (next to glycerol, acetic acid, formic acid, and fumaric acid in the supernatants of both fungi. In addition, citric acid was found in the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten exudates. Given the fact that, next to oxalic acid, the other compounds can also serve as C and energy sources for P. terrae, the two fungi clearly offer ecological benefits to this bacterium. The oxalic acid released by the two fungi may have

TÉCNICA PARA MARCAÇÃO DOS ADUBOS VERDES CROTALÁRIA JÚNCEA E MUCUNA-PRETA COM 15N PARA ESTUDOS DE DINÂMICA DO NITROGÊNIO

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EDMILSON JOSÉ AMBROSANO

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Estabeleceu-se uma técnica de marcação de leguminosas com nitrogênio (15N, objetivando-se obter material vegetal marcado isotopicamente para estudos de dinâmica do nitrogênio. Cultivaram-se as leguminosas crotalária júncea (Crotalaria juncea L. e mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima, sinonímia Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy, em um podzólico vermelho-amarelo, textura arenosa/média, em casa de vegetação e em vasos contendo 10 kg de terra. Aplicou-se 1,2 g de nitrogênio por vaso (sulfato de amônio com 11,37 átomos % de 15N, parcelando-o em três vezes. O material vegetal seco marcado continha 3,177 e 4,337 átomos % de 15N, para mucuna-preta e crotalária júncea respectivamente.A technique was developed for labeling the leguminous plant tissue with nitrogen (15N to obtain labelled material for nitrogen dynamic studies. Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L. and velvet beans (Mucuna aterrima, sinonímia Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy were grown in pots containing 10 kg of a Red Yellow Podzolic soil, under greenhouse conditions. The rate of 1.2 g of nitrogen (ammonium sulphate with 11.37 atom % 15N per pot was applied three times. The labelled dried plant material showed 3.177 and 4.337 of atom % 15N, respectively for velvet beans and sunnhemp.

Efeito da cobertura vegetal sobre a pérola-da-terra (Hemiptera: Margarodidae na cultura da videira = Effect of cover crops on brazilian ground pearl (Hemiptera: Margarodidae in vineyards

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Marcos Botton

2010-10-01

Full Text Available O uso da cobertura vegetal em vinhedos é uma prática empregada paraminimizar a erosão e melhorar as qualidades químicas e físicas do solo. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito de coberturas vegetais sobre a população da pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae na cultura da videira. No primeiro experimento, o vinhedo foi mantido sem cobertura vegetal por meio da aplicação trimestral do herbicida glifosato comparado com o uso de vegetação espontânea, durante o ano, de vegetação espontânea, no verão, e de aveia preta no inverno. No segundo experimento foi avaliado o efeito da mucuna-preta (Stizolobium aterrimum cultivada no vinhedo durante o verão comparado com a vegetação espontânea. No primeiro experimento, a população da pérolada-terra nas raízes de plantas de videira foi maior em áreas mantidas sem cobertura vegetal emostrou-se semelhante em áreas onde se manteve a vegetação espontânea, ao longo do ano, e com aveia preta no inverno e vegetação espontânea no verão. A infestação das plantas de videira em áreas onde foi empregada a mucuna-preta durante o verão foi equivalente à da vegetação espontânea. S. aterrimum foi registrada pela primeira vez como hospedeira de E. brasiliensis. The use of cover crops is an important strategy to reduce erosion and improve chemical and physical soil properties. In this work, we evaluate the effect of cover crops to reduce Brazilian ground pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae infestation in vineyards. In the first experiment, glyphosate was sprayed each three months to avoid cover crops. This treatment was compared with naturally occurring vegetation during the year and the use of Avena sativa in the winter. In a second experiment, Stizolobium aterrimum was cultivated during the summer compared with naturally occurringvegetation. Brazilian ground pearl population was higher in glyphosate sprayed areas than where cover

Banco de sementes de aveia preta no solo sob dois sistemas de manejo Soil seed bank of black oat in two management systems

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Marcos Paulo Ludwig

2011-01-01

Full Text Available As sementes de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb. possuem a capacidade de permanecer viáveis no solo de um ano de cultivo para outro. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o número de sementes de aveia preta resultantes de dois sistemas de manejo (colheita e ressemeadura natural, que poderão formar o banco de sementes do solo. Os ensaios foram realizados no município de Jari - RS, em uma área cultivada sob o sistema de "plantio direto". Foram coletadas 50 amostras em cada sistema de manejo, com um espaçamento de 10x20m, utilizando um amostrador de diâmetro de 0,05m e uma profundidade de 0,1m. O levantamento do número de sementes e da emergência das plântulas foi realizado no Laboratório Didático da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel (UFPel. Constatou-se que a colheita e a ressemeadura natural possibilitam a presença de sementes no solo por área, em quantidades superiores à indicada para a semeadura. Com a colheita, a área fica heterogênea em número de sementes no solo e em plântulas emergidas. A ressemeadura natural resulta em uma grande quantidade de sementes no solo e formação de plântulas.The black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb. seeds are able to remain alive in soil from a culture to another. The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of black oat seeds resulting from two management, harvesting, and natural reseeding, which could form the seed bank of soil. The experiments were conducted in Jari-RS, Brazil, the cultivation system is "No Tillage". Were collected 50 samples in each management, at a spacing of 10mx20m, using a sampler diameter of 0.05m and depth of 0.1m. The evaluation of the number of seeds and seedling emergence was accomplish at the Laboratory of Seeds Analysis of the Faculdade de Agronomia "Eliseu Maciel" (UFPEL. It was found that both as the crop as the natural seeding allow large quantities of seeds in the soil for the upper area suitable for planting. The harvest area is

Mineralogia e geoquímica de perfis de solo com Terra Preta Arqueológica de Bom Jesus do Tocantins, sudeste da Amazônia Mineralogy and geochemistry of soil profiles with Archeological Black Earth from Bom Jesus do Tocantins, southeastern Amazon

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Any Kelly Terra da Silva

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A comparação de dados morfológicos, mineralógicos e químicos de solo com horizontes antrópicos - Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA com Argissolos adjacentes permitiu identificar os principais processos responsáveis pela formação da TPA em um sítio arqueológico no Município de Bom Jesus do Tocantins, sudeste do Estado do Pará. A similaridade entre os dados dos horizontes subsuperficiais do solo com TPA e solos adjacentes indica que o horizonte antrópico do solo TPA foi provavelmente desenvolvido a partir de um horizonte similar aos Argissolos adjacentes com posterior transformação pedogenética através da introdução de materiais orgânicos e inorgânicos por antigas colonizações humanas, resultando no espessamento do horizonte superficial e em concentrações maiores de CaO e P2O5 (teores totais, Zn (teor traço, P e Zn disponível (teores disponíveis, além de Ca e Mg trocáveis (teores trocáveis em relação aos Argissolos adjacentes. Além disso, essa intervenção antrópica antiga também provocou modificações no horizonte subsuperficial do Argissolo com TPA, como concentrações altas de P2O5 e principalmente P disponível. O Soil Taxonomy e o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS são adequados para a identificação de solo com horizonte antrópico (p.exe. TPA, uma vez que priorizam nas ordens do solo os principais processos pedogenéticos atuantes na formação do solo, relacionados aos horizontes subsuperficiais, além das transformações pedogenéticas posteriores no horizonte superficial. Contudo, este trabalho recomenda o acréscimo de alguns atributos diagnósticos como quantidade de artefatos cerâmicos e líticos, P2O5, P e Zn disponíveis, C orgânico, Ca2++ Mg2+ (teores trocáveis, CTC e índice de saturação por bases no horizonte superficial para o agrupamento e distinção dos diversos tipos de solos antrópicos antigos da Amazônia.The comparison of morphological, mineralogical and

Draft Genome Sequence of the Soil Bacterium Burkholderia terrae Strain BS001, Which Interacts with Fungal Surface Structures

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Nazir, Rashid; Hansen, Martin A.; Sorensen, Soren

2012-01-01

Burkholderia terrae BS001 is a soil bacterium which was originally isolated from the mycosphere of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria proxima. It exhibits a range of fungus-interacting traits which reveal its propensity to actively interact at fungal interfaces. Here, we present the approximately...

Propagação de amoreira-preta utilizando estacas lenhosas Propagation of blackberry using of woody cutting

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Fabíola Villa

2003-08-01

Full Text Available A amoreira-preta (Rubus sp é uma espécie de clima temperado que, por ocasião da poda hibernal, realizada durante o período de dormência, produz grande quantidade de material vegetal que pode ser utilizado na propagação. Dessa forma, objetivou-se verificar o potencial de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas de duas cultivares de amoreira-preta tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (AIB. De ramos com um ano de idade coletados de plantas-matrizes das cultivares Brazos e Guarani, foram retiradas estacas lenhosas, sem folhas, com aproximadamente 15 cm e tratadas com solução de AIB, nas concentrações de 0, 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg.L-1, por 15 segundos. Posteriormente, as estacas foram plantadas em sacos de polietileno contendo mistura de areia e terra (2:1 v/v como substrato e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação, sob nebulização intermitente durante 90 dias.As cultivares apresentaram diferentes potenciais de enraizamento e desenvolvimento da parte aérea. Maiores percentuais de estacas enraizadas e brotadas, número de folhas e de brotos e peso da matéria seca das brotações foram obtidos em estacas de ‘Brazos' não-tratadas e em estacas de ‘Guarani' com aplicação de 2000 mg.L-1 de AIB.During the winter pruning, in the dormancy period, there are surpluses of great amount of vegetable material that can be used in the propagation. It was aimed at verifying the hardwood cuttings rooting potential of two blackberry cultivar treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA. Hardwood cuttings without leaves, with approximately 15 cm were collected from branches with one year old of ‘Brazos' and ‘Guarani' mother-plant and treated with solution of IBA at of 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1 concentrations for 15 seconds immersion. Later the cuttings were planted in polyethylene bags containing sand and soil mixture (2:1 v/v as substrate and maintained in greenhouse under intermittent mist for 90 days. The cultivars presented them different rooting potential and

Chemotaxis and adherence to fungal surfaces are key components of the behavioral response of Burkholderia terrae BS001 to two selected soil fungi.

Science.gov (United States)

Haq, Irshad Ul; Calixto, Renata Oliveira da Rocha; Yang, Pu; Dos Santos, Giulia Maria Pires; Barreto-Bergter, Eliana; van Elsas, Jan Dirk

2016-11-01

Burkholderia terrae BS001 has previously been proposed to be a 'generalist' associate of soil fungi, but its strategies of interaction have been largely ignored. Here, we studied the chemotactic behavior of B. terrae BS001 towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302 and the role of fungal surface molecules in their physical interaction with the bacteria. To assess the involvement of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS), wild-type strain BS001 and T3SS mutant strain BS001-ΔsctD were used in the experiments. First, the two fungi showed divergent behavior when confronted with B. terrae BS001 on soil extract agar medium. Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten revealed slow growth towards the bacterium, whereas T. asperellum 302 grew avidly over it. Both on soil extract and M9 agar, B. terrae BS001 and BS001-ΔsctD moved chemotactically towards the hyphae of both fungi, with a stronger response to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten than to T. asperellum 302. The presence of a progressively increasing glycerol level in the M9 agar enhanced the level of movement. Different oxalic acid concentrations exerted varied effects, with a significantly raised chemotactic response at lower, and a subdued response at higher concentrations. Testing of the adherence of B. terrae BS001 and BS001-ΔsctD to Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and to cell envelope-extracted ceramide monohexosides (CMHs) revealed that CMHs in both conidia and hyphae could bind strain BS001 cells. As BS001-ΔsctD adhered significantly less to the CMHs than BS001, the T3SS was presumed to have a role in the interaction. In contrast, such avid adherence was not detected with T. asperellum 302. Thus, B. terrae BS001 shows a behavior characterized by swimming towards Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and T. asperellum 302 and attachment to the CMH moiety in the cell envelope, in particular of the former. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Terra e Arte Project: Soils connecting Art and Education

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Muggler, Cristine Carole; Rozenberg, Bianca; de Cássia Francisco, Talita; Gramacho de Oliveira, Elisa

2015-04-01

The "Terra e Arte" project was designed to combine science and art by approaching soil contents in basic education schools in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The project was developed to awake, sensitize and create awareness about soils and their importance to life and environment within school communities. It was proposed and realized by the Earth Sciences Museum Alexis Dorofeef (MCTAD) of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), as part of the celebrations of its 20th anniversary. Since all the schools of the town visit the museum at least once a year and most of them have received and carried out pedagogic projects on soil themes in the last 20 years, it was proposed to them to develop a soil subject with any of their groups and combine it with painting using soil materials. Each group interested in joining the project received a basic set of material to produce soil paints. They were expected to develop a soil theme and its contents for a few weeks and to finalize it with a figurative and textual collective creation that synthetized their learning. 16 of the 24 visited schools joined the project and realized it for an average of two months. During this time, the school groups visited the museum and/or borrowed the itinerant exposition on soils from the museum to work with in in the school community. At the end of the projects, the productions were presented at the Knowledge Market (Feira do Conhecimento) that happens every year in the central square of the town, as part of the National Week of Science and Technology. At the event, 58 works were presented by 14 schools, involving directly 700 pupils and their teachers. They approached themes from soil formation and properties to agroecology and urban occupation and impacts on the soils. 30 of the works were selected for a commemorative exposition and 12 were chosen for a table calendar 2014. The movement created around the project mobilized many people and had strong impact on the school communities, especially

REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL DA JUREMA PRETA EM ÁREAS SOB PASTEJO DE BOVINOS

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Ivonete Alves Bakke

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Natural regeneration depends on a series of environmental factors, which determine seed and seedling bank composition, and plant community structure of a site. Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd Poiret is a pioneer legume tree that colonizes degraded sites of the Caatinga and produces a great number of seeds in several months of the year. In despite of its abundance, there is little information on the dynamics of jurema preta natural regeneration. Thus, a study was carried out to find out if seed germination and plantule survivorship under jurema preta canopy are affected by the annual April or July pruning of fine branches of a few jurema preta plants in a native Caatinga thicket submitted to continuous cattle browsing. Data analyses show that seed germination occurs in the beginning of the rainy season, and that in this period of moisture availability, plantule bank is composed by 17 to 58 thousand seedlings/ha. This number decreases during the rainy season, until it reaches a minimum of 3.7 to 7.5 thousand seedlings/ha, at the end of the dry season, in an ecological strategy of recurrent annual colonization. April or July pruning shows no consistent effect on jurema preta natural regeneration in areas submitted to bovine browsing, although plantule number was temporary and positively affected by pruning in one of the experimental site at the peak of the rainy season.

The Role of Hydrophobicity and Surface Receptors at Hyphae of Lyophyllum sp. Strain Karsten in the Interaction with Burkholderia terrae BS001 – Implications for Interactions in Soil

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Vila, Taissa; Nazir, Rashid; Rozental, Sonia; dos Santos, Giulia M. P.; Calixto, Renata O. R.; Barreto-Bergter, Eliana; Wick, Lukas Y.; van Elsas, Jan Dirk

2016-01-01

The soil bacterium Burkholderia terrae strain BS001 can interact with varying soil fungi, using mechanisms that range from the utilization of carbon/energy sources such as glycerol to the ability to reach novel territories in soil via co-migration with growing fungal mycelia. Here, we investigate the intrinsic properties of the B. terrae BS001 interaction with the basidiomycetous soil fungus Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten. In some experiments, the ascomycetous Trichoderma asperellum 302 was also used. The hyphae of Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten were largely hydrophilic on water-containing media versus hydrophobic when aerial, as evidenced by contact angle analyses (CA). Co-migration of B. terrae strain BS001 cells with the hyphae of the two fungi occurred preferentially along the - presumably hydrophilic - soil-dwelling hyphae, whereas aerial hyphae did not allow efficient migration, due to reduced thickness of their surrounding mucous films. Moreover, the cell numbers over the length of the hyphae in soil showed an uneven distribution, i.e., the CFU numbers increased from minima at the inoculation point to maximal numbers in the middle of the extended hyphae, then decreasing toward the terminal side. Microscopic analyses of the strain BS001 associations with the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten hyphae in the microcosms confirmed the presence of B. terrae BS001 cells on the mucous matter that was present at the hyphal surfaces of the fungi used. Cell agglomerates were found to accumulate at defined sites on the hyphal surfaces, which were coined ‘fungal-interactive’ hot spots. Evidence was further obtained for the contention that receptors for a physical bacterium-fungus interaction occur at the Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten hyphal surface, in which the specific glycosphingolipid ceramide monohexoside (CMH) plays an important role. Thus, bacterial adherence may be mediated by heterogeneously distributed fungal-specific receptors, implying the CMH moieties. This

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

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Muhs, D.R.; Budahn, J.R.

2009-01-01

The origin of red or reddish-brown, clay-rich, "terra rossa" soils on limestone has been debated for decades. A traditional qualitative explanation for their formation has been the accumulation of insoluble residues as the limestone is progressively dissolved over time. However, this mode of formation often requires unrealistic or impossible amounts of carbonate dissolution. Therefore, where this mechanism is not viable and where local fluvial or colluvial inputs can be ruled out, an external source or sources must be involved in soil formation. On the north coast of the Caribbean island of Jamaica, we studied a sequence of terra rossa soils developed on emergent limestones thought to be of Quaternary age. The soils become progressively thicker, redder, more Fe- and Al-rich and Si-poor with elevation. Furthermore, although kaolinite is found in all the soils, the highest and oldest soils also contain boehmite. Major and trace element geochemistry shows that the host limestones and local igneous rocks are not likely source materials for the soils. Other trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), show that tephra from Central American volcanoes is not a likely source either. However, trace element geochemistry shows that airborne dust from Africa plus tephra from the Lesser Antilles island arc are possible source materials for the clay-rich soils. A third, as yet unidentified, source may also contribute to the soils. We hypothesize that older, more chemically mature Jamaican bauxites may have had a similar origin. The results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of multiple parent materials, including far-traveled dust, to soil genesis.

Highly Heterogeneous Soil Bacterial Communities around Terra Nova Bay of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

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Lim, Hyoun Soo; Hong, Soon Gyu; Kim, Ji Hee; Lee, Joohan; Choi, Taejin; Ahn, Tae Seok; Kim, Ok-Sun

2015-01-01

Given the diminished role of biotic interactions in soils of continental Antarctica, abiotic factors are believed to play a dominant role in structuring of microbial communities. However, many ice-free regions remain unexplored, and it is unclear which environmental gradients are primarily responsible for the variations among bacterial communities. In this study, we investigated the soil bacterial community around Terra Nova Bay of Victoria Land by pyrosequencing and determined which environmental variables govern the bacterial community structure at the local scale. Six bacterial phyla, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, were dominant, but their relative abundance varied greatly across locations. Bacterial community structures were affected little by spatial distance, but structured more strongly by site, which was in accordance with the soil physicochemical compositions. At both the phylum and species levels, bacterial community structure was explained primarily by pH and water content, while certain earth elements and trace metals also played important roles in shaping community variation. The higher heterogeneity of the bacterial community structure found at this site indicates how soil bacterial communities have adapted to different compositions of edaphic variables under extreme environmental conditions. Taken together, these findings greatly advance our understanding of the adaption of soil bacterial populations to this harsh environment. PMID:25799273

Propriedades químicas de uma Terra Roxa Estruturada influenciadas pela cobertura vegetal de inverno e pela adubação orgânica e mineral

OpenAIRE

Andreola,F.; Costa,L. M.; Mendonça,E. S.; Olszevski,N.

2000-01-01

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da cobertura vegetal de inverno, constituída de uma associação de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) com nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.), da adubação orgânica com esterco de aves e da adubação mineral sobre propriedades químicas de uma Terra Roxa Estruturada do estado de Santa Catarina. As análises foram realizadas em amostras de solo coletadas em agosto de 1994 e janeiro de 1995, nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm, em...

Soil moisture estimation using multi linear regression with terraSAR-X data

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G. García

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The first five centimeters of soil form an interface where the main heat fluxes exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere occur. Besides ground measurements, remote sensing has proven to be an excellent tool for the monitoring of spatial and temporal distributed data of the most relevant Earth surface parameters including soil’s parameters. Indeed, active microwave sensors (Synthetic Aperture Radar - SAR offer the opportunity to monitor soil moisture (HS at global, regional and local scales by monitoring involved processes. Several inversion algorithms, that derive geophysical information as HS from SAR data, were developed. Many of them use electromagnetic models for simulating the backscattering coefficient and are based on statistical techniques, such as neural networks, inversion methods and regression models. Recent studies have shown that simple multiple regression techniques yield satisfactory results. The involved geophysical variables in these methodologies are descriptive of the soil structure, microwave characteristics and land use. Therefore, in this paper we aim at developing a multiple linear regression model to estimate HS on flat agricultural regions using TerraSAR-X satellite data and data from a ground weather station. The results show that the backscatter, the precipitation and the relative humidity are the explanatory variables of HS. The results obtained presented a RMSE of 5.4 and a R2  of about 0.6

Densidade global de solos medida com anel volumétrico e por cachimbagem de terra fina seca ao ar Bulk density of soil samples measured in the field and through volume measurement of sieved soil

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Bernardo Van Raij

1989-01-01

Full Text Available Em laboratórios de rotina de fertilidade do solo, a medida de quantidade de terra para análise é feita em volume, mediante utensílios chamados "cachimbos", que permitem medir volumes de terra. Admite-se que essas medidas reflitam a quantidade de terra existente em volume de solo similar em condições de campo. Essa hipótese foi avaliada neste trabalho, por doze amostras dos horizontes A e B de seis perfis de solos. A densidade em condições de campo foi avaliada por anel volumétrico e, no laboratório, por meio de cachimbos de diversos tamanhos. A cachimbagem revelou-se bastante precisa. Os valores de densidade global calculada variaram de 0,63 a 1,46g/cm³ para medidas de campo e de 0,91 a 1,33g/cm³ para medidas com cachimbos. Portanto, a medida de laboratório subestimou valores altos de densidade e deu resultados mais elevados para valores de campo mais baixos.In soil testing laboratories, soil samples for chemical analysis are usually measured by volume, using appropriate measuring spoons. It is tacitly assumed that such measurements would reflect amounts of soil existing in the same volume under field conditions. This hypothesis was tested, using 12 soil samples of the A and B horizons of six soil profiles. Bulk density in the field was evaluated through a cylindrical metal sampler of 50cm³ and in the laboratory using spoons of different sizes. Measurements of soil volumes by spoons were quite precise. Values of bulk density varied between 0.63 and 1.46g/cm³ for field measurements and between 0.91 and 1.33g/cm³ for laboratory measurements with spoons. Thus, laboratory measurements overestimated lower values of bulk densities and underestimated the higher ones.

Variações da cor preta e negra na pintura de Eduardo Sued

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Marcela Rangel

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Eduardo Sued transforma o pigmento preto de sua paleta física em campos cromáticos em suas pinturas. Ele costuma diferenciar a cor preta da cor negra. Diz que o preto torna-se negro à medida que a escuridão e a intensidade vão se apossando dele. Para Sued, o preto permite o passeio apenas em sua superfície, enquanto no negro há profundidade. "Há noites pretas e noites negras!" Nesta entrevista, Sued discorre sobre o que fomenta sua produção pictórica, em especial o uso que faz da tinta preta para criar seus pretos e seus negros.Eduardo Sued transforms the black pigment of his physical palette in color fields on his paintings. He usually distinguishes black from "darkblack". He says black goes to "dark black" as darkness and intensity take hold of it. For him, the black works only on its surface, while "darkblack" is deep. "There are black nights and 'darkblack' nights!" In this interview Sued talks about what promotes his pictorial production, in particular his use of black paint to create his black and darkblack fields.

Mucilaginibacter terrae sp nov., isolated from Antarctic soil

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sedláček, I.; Pantůček, R.; Králová, S.; Mašlaňová, I.; Holochová, P.; Staňková, E.; Sobotka, Roman; Barták, M.; Busse, H.-J.; Švec, P.

2017-01-01

Roč. 67, č. 10 (2017), s. 4002-4007 ISSN 1466-5026 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LO1416 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Mucilaginibacter terrae sp nov. * James ross island * Antarctic Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology OBOR OECD: Microbiology Impact factor: 2.134, year: 2016

Caracterizaçao dos taninos da aroeira-preta (Myracrodruon urundeuva Characterization of aroeira-preta (Myracrodruon urundeuva wood tannins

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Carla Regina Amorim dos Anjos Queiroz

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Visando contribuir para a caracterização química de uma madeira nobre nativa e em extinção no Brasil, no presente trabalho estão apresentados os estudos de identificação e quantificação dos taninos da aroeira-preta (Myracrodruon urundeuva, uma espécie da família Anacardiaceae. Este estudo foi conduzido com base nos extratos acetona-água (AA e metanol-água (MA, em que foram determinados os teores de fenóis totais e proantocianidinas. O teor de fenóis totais foi determinado pelo método Folin-Ciocalteau e pelo método azul-da-prússia modificado. Os valores encontrados para os métodos AA foram 19,1 e 24,7% e para MA, 20,2 e 22,8%, respectivamente. O teor de proantocianidinas foi determinado pelo método da vanilina, tendo alcançado no extrato AA 2,7% e no MA 16,7%. Não foram constatadas as presenças de antocianidinas nem de apigedinidinas, podendo haver 3-deoxi-proantocianidinas do tipo luteolinidinas. Por meio da cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE, foram identificados a fisetina e os ácidos gálico e elágico. Os resultados mostram que a aroeira-preta contém uma elevada quantidade de taninos, que podem contribuir para sua resistência natural à degradação.This work presents a study on tannins from aroeira-preta (Myracrodruon urundeuva, based on acetone-water (AA and methanol-water (MA extracts, in which the contents of total phenols and proanthocyanidins were determined. The total phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the modified Prussian Blue method. The contents obtained for AA were 19.1 and 24.7% and for MA, 20.2 and 22.8%, respectively by the Folin-Ciocalteau method and the modified Prussian Blue method. The proanthocyanidin contents were determined by the vanillin method, obtaining 2.7% in extract AA and 16.7% in extract MA. No evidence for the presence of antocyanidins and apigedinidins was found, but 3-deoxi-proantocyanidins of the luteolinidin type may be present in the extracts

Exigência térmica e produtividade da amoreira-preta em função das épocas de poda

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Daniela Mota Segantini

2014-09-01

Full Text Available O período de colheita de amora-preta ocorre de novembro a fevereiro nos estados do Sul do Brasil, onde se concentra a maior área de cultivo do País. Sabendo-se que frutas ofertadas fora do pico da safra possuem preços mais vantajosos, objetivou-se escalonar a colheita da amoreira-preta através da realização da poda hibernal em diferentes épocas, levando-se em conta o número de horas de frio e os grausdia acumulados. O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel-SP. Foram utilizadas plantas de amoreira-preta "Tupy", de 3 anos de idade, conduzidas em 4 hastes principais, em espaldeira em T, com 1,2 metro de altura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o esquema fatorial 2x5, constando de 2 sistemas de cultivo (não irrigado e irrigado e de 5 tratamentos (épocas de poda: 20-05, 26-06, 24-07, 23-08 e 26-09, com repetições em blocos. A irrigação não alterou a duração do ciclo da amoreira-preta, mas proporcionou aumento na produtividade, independentemente das épocas de poda. Quanto maior o número de horas de frio acumulado, menor o ciclo e menor a necessidade em graus-dia da amoreira-preta 'Tupy'. A poda hibernal realizada em 20-05 proporcionou um pico de colheita de amora-preta em meados de setembro, em São Manuel - SP.

Multi-scale comparisons of tree composition in Amazonian terra firme forests

Science.gov (United States)

Honorio Coronado, E. N.; Baker, T. R.; Phillips, O. L.; Pitman, N. C. A.; Pennington, R. T.; Vásquez Martínez, R.; Monteagudo, A.; Mogollón, H.; Dávila Cardozo, N.; Ríos, M.; García-Villacorta, R.; Valderrama, E.; Ahuite, M.; Huamantupa, I.; Neill, D. A.; Laurance, W. F.; Nascimento, H. E. M.; Soares de Almeida, S.; Killeen, T. J.; Arroyo, L.; Núñez, P.; Freitas Alvarado, L.

2009-11-01

We explored the floristic composition of terra firme forests across Amazonia using 55 plots. Firstly, we examined the floristic patterns using both genus- and species-level data and found that the species-level analysis more clearly distinguishes among forests. Next, we compared the variation in plot floristic composition at regional- and continental-scales, and found that average among-pair floristic similarity and its decay with distance behave similarly at regional- and continental-scales. Nevertheless, geographical distance had different effects on floristic similarity within regions at distances floristic variation than plots of central and eastern Amazonia. Finally, we quantified the role of environmental factors and geographical distance for determining variation in floristic composition. A partial Mantel test indicated that while geographical distance appeared to be more important at continental scales, soil fertility was crucial at regional scales within western Amazonia, where areas with similar soil conditions were more likely to share a high number of species. Overall, these results suggest that regional-scale variation in floristic composition can rival continental-scale differences within Amazonian terra firme forests, and that variation in floristic composition at both scales is influenced by geographical distance and environmental factors, such as climate and soil fertility. To fully account for regional-scale variation in continental studies of floristic composition, future floristic studies should focus on forest types poorly represented at regional scales in current datasets, such as terra firme forests with high soil fertility in north-western Amazonia.

Multi-scale comparisons of tree composition in Amazonian terra firme forests

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L. Freitas Alvarado

2009-11-01

Full Text Available We explored the floristic composition of terra firme forests across Amazonia using 55 plots. Firstly, we examined the floristic patterns using both genus- and species-level data and found that the species-level analysis more clearly distinguishes among forests. Next, we compared the variation in plot floristic composition at regional- and continental-scales, and found that average among-pair floristic similarity and its decay with distance behave similarly at regional- and continental-scales. Nevertheless, geographical distance had different effects on floristic similarity within regions at distances <100 km, where north-western and south-western Amazonian regions showed greater floristic variation than plots of central and eastern Amazonia. Finally, we quantified the role of environmental factors and geographical distance for determining variation in floristic composition. A partial Mantel test indicated that while geographical distance appeared to be more important at continental scales, soil fertility was crucial at regional scales within western Amazonia, where areas with similar soil conditions were more likely to share a high number of species. Overall, these results suggest that regional-scale variation in floristic composition can rival continental-scale differences within Amazonian terra firme forests, and that variation in floristic composition at both scales is influenced by geographical distance and environmental factors, such as climate and soil fertility. To fully account for regional-scale variation in continental studies of floristic composition, future floristic studies should focus on forest types poorly represented at regional scales in current datasets, such as terra firme forests with high soil fertility in north-western Amazonia.

Report on terrestrial biology research and logistics at Baia Terra Nova Station

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Satoshi Imura

1999-11-01

Full Text Available From December 4,1998 to January 15,1999,the author stayed at Baia Terra Nova Station (Italy in Antarctica, as an exchange scientist. To compare the biodiversity between Syowa Station and the Baia Terra Nova Station area, many samples of mosses, lichens, algae and micro animals in the soil were collected, and the structure of moss vegetation was studied in various fields around the station. Some characteristic features of logistics at the station were also researched.

Phytochemicals in blackberry/ Fitoquímicos em amora-preta (Rubus spp

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Rui Carlos Zambiazi

Full Text Available Among the options for fruit species with market prospects, the blackberry (Rubus spp stands out as one of the most promising. This is a species that has shown an increase of cultivated area in recent years in Rio Grande do Sul (main Brazilian producer. Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with low risk of incidence and mortality from cancer and heart disease due to the presence of compounds derived from secondary metabolism, especially flavonoids and anthocyanins, which have great capacity to react with free radicals that cause oxidative stress, and therefore contribute to the prevention of these diseases. The phenolic acids and flavonoids were identificated in the group of phenolic compounds in blackberry. Among the flavonoids, stands out the anthocyanins, which vary in concentration according to the stage of maturation of fruits. Based on the antocyanin content related in literature and the great variation between different genetic materials, there is great potential in the production of blackberry and its utilization as a natural colorant in the food and pharmaceuticals industry. In addition to these compounds, the blackberry also has other phytochemicals such as vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. This paper aims to review literature of the main phytochemicals in blackberry (Rubus spp.Dentre as opções de espécies frutíferas com perspectivas de comercialização, a amoreira-preta (Rubus spp se destaca como uma das mais promissoras. Esta é uma das espécies que tem apresentado um crescimento de área cultivada nos últimos anos no Rio Grande do Sul (principal produtor brasileiro. O consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças está associado com o baixo risco de incidência e mortalidade por câncer e doenças cardíacas, devido à presença de compostos oriundos do metabolismo secundário, especialmente flavonóides e antocianinas, os quais apresentam grande capacidade de reagir com radicais livres que causam estresse

Elucidating the formation of terra fuscas using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes and rare earth elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hissler, Christophe; Stille, Peter; Juilleret, Jérôme; Iffly, Jean François; Perrone, Thierry; Morvan, Gilles

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Geochemical evidences on stabile phase confirm Bajocian marl as terra fusca parent material. • Precipitation/Dissolution of secondary carbonates controls geochemistry of labile phases. • This terra fusca sequence record at least four geological and environmental events. - Abstract: Carbonate weathering mantles, like terra fusca, are common in Europe but their formation and evolution is still badly understood. We propose to combine geological, mineralogical and pedological knowledge with trace element and isotope data of a weathering mantle as a novel approach to understand the evolution of terra fuscas. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes and rare earth element (REE) contents were analyzed in a cambisol developing on a typical terra fusca on top of a condensed Bajocian limestone-marl succession from the eastern side of the Paris Basin. The isotope data, REE distribution patterns and mass balance calculations suggest that the cambisol mirrors the trace element enrichments present in this carbonate lithology, which are exceptionally high compared to global average carbonate. The deeper soil horizons are strongly enriched not only in REE (ΣREE: 2640 ppm) but also in redox-sensitive elements such as Fe (44 wt.%), V (1000 ppm), Cr (700 ppm), Zn (550 ppm), As (260 ppm), Co (45 ppm) and Cd (2.4 ppm). The trace element distribution patterns of the carbonate bedrock are similar to those of the soil suggesting their close genetic relationships. Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data allow to identify four principal components in the soil: a silicate-rich pool close to the surface, a leachable REE enriched pool at the bottom of the soil profile, the limestone on which the weathering profile developed and an anthropogenic, atmosphere-derived component detected in the soil leachates of the uppermost soil horizon. The leachable phases are mainly secondary carbonate-bearing REE phases such as bastnaesite ((X) Ca(CO 3 ) 2 F) (for X: Ce, La and Nd). The isotope data and trace element

The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta from Lower Amazon Region, Brazil: chemistry and geochemical evolution Artefatos cerâmicos em sítios arqueológicos com terra preta na região do baixo Amazonas, Brasil: composição química e evolução geoquímica

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Marcondes Lima da Costa

2004-09-01

Full Text Available This paper carried out a chemical investigation of archaeological ceramic artifacts found in archaeological sites with Black Earth (ABE in the Lower Amazon Region at Cachoeira-Porteira, State of Pará, Brazil. The ceramic artifacts, mostly of daily use, belong to Konduri culture (from 900 to 400 years BP. They are constituted of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O and P2O5; SiO2 and Al2O3 together add up to 80 % and indicate influence of acid rocks, transformed into clay minerals basically kaolinite. The relative high contents of P2O5 (2.37 % in average come out as (Al,Fe-phosphate, an uncommon fact in primitive red ceramics, but found in some roman and egyptian archaeological sites. The contents of the trace elements are similar or below the Earth's crust average. This chemical composition (except P2O5 detaches saprolite material derived acid igneous rocks or sedimentary ones as the main raw material of the ceramics. The contents of K, Na and Ca represent the feldspars and rock fragments possibly introduced into saprolitic groundmass, indicated by mineralogical studies. The presence of cauixi and cariapé as well as quartz sand was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM analyses and by the high silica contents of ceramic fragments. Phosphorus was possibly incorporated into groundmass during cooking of foods, and ABE soil profile formation developed on yellow Latosols. The raw materials and its tempers (cauixi, or cariapé, feldspar, crushed rocks, old ceramic artifacts and quartz fragments are found close to the sites and therefore and certainly came from them.Neste trabalho realizou-se a caracterização química de fragmentos de artefatos cerâmicos encontrados em sítios arqueológicos com terra preta no Baixo Amazonas (Cachoeira-Porteira, Pará, Brasil, representativos da cultura Konduri (de 900 a 400 anos AP. Esses fragmentos são constituídos de SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Na2O e P2O5, sendo que SiO2 e Al2O3, juntos, perfazem mais de 80 % em peso. Os teores

TERRA: a computer code for simulating the transport of environmentally released radionuclides through agriculture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baes, C.F. III; Sharp, R.D.; Sjoreen, A.L.; Hermann, O.W.

1984-11-01

TERRA is a computer code which calculates concentrations of radionuclides and ingrowing daughters in surface and root-zone soil, produce and feed, beef, and milk from a given deposition rate at any location in the conterminous United States. The code is fully integrated with seven other computer codes which together comprise a Computerized Radiological Risk Investigation System, CRRIS. Output from either the long range (> 100 km) atmospheric dispersion code RETADD-II or the short range (<80 km) atmospheric dispersion code ANEMOS, in the form of radionuclide air concentrations and ground deposition rates by downwind location, serves as input to TERRA. User-defined deposition rates and air concentrations may also be provided as input to TERRA through use of the PRIMUS computer code. The environmental concentrations of radionuclides predicted by TERRA serve as input to the ANDROS computer code which calculates population and individual intakes, exposures, doses, and risks. TERRA incorporates models to calculate uptake from soil and atmospheric deposition on four groups of produce for human consumption and four groups of livestock feeds. During the environmental transport simulation, intermediate calculations of interception fraction for leafy vegetables, produce directly exposed to atmospherically depositing material, pasture, hay, and silage are made based on location-specific estimates of standing crop biomass. Pasture productivity is estimated by a model which considers the number and types of cattle and sheep, pasture area, and annual production of other forages (hay and silage) at a given location. Calculations are made of the fraction of grain imported from outside the assessment area. TERRA output includes the above calculations and estimated radionuclide concentrations in plant produce, milk, and a beef composite by location

TERRA: a computer code for simulating the transport of environmentally released radionuclides through agriculture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baes, C.F. III; Sharp, R.D.; Sjoreen, A.L.; Hermann, O.W.

1984-11-01

TERRA is a computer code which calculates concentrations of radionuclides and ingrowing daughters in surface and root-zone soil, produce and feed, beef, and milk from a given deposition rate at any location in the conterminous United States. The code is fully integrated with seven other computer codes which together comprise a Computerized Radiological Risk Investigation System, CRRIS. Output from either the long range (> 100 km) atmospheric dispersion code RETADD-II or the short range (<80 km) atmospheric dispersion code ANEMOS, in the form of radionuclide air concentrations and ground deposition rates by downwind location, serves as input to TERRA. User-defined deposition rates and air concentrations may also be provided as input to TERRA through use of the PRIMUS computer code. The environmental concentrations of radionuclides predicted by TERRA serve as input to the ANDROS computer code which calculates population and individual intakes, exposures, doses, and risks. TERRA incorporates models to calculate uptake from soil and atmospheric deposition on four groups of produce for human consumption and four groups of livestock feeds. During the environmental transport simulation, intermediate calculations of interception fraction for leafy vegetables, produce directly exposed to atmospherically depositing material, pasture, hay, and silage are made based on location-specific estimates of standing crop biomass. Pasture productivity is estimated by a model which considers the number and types of cattle and sheep, pasture area, and annual production of other forages (hay and silage) at a given location. Calculations are made of the fraction of grain imported from outside the assessment area. TERRA output includes the above calculations and estimated radionuclide concentrations in plant produce, milk, and a beef composite by location.

Produção de amora-preta e amora-vermelha em Lavras - MG

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Paula Nogueira Curi

2015-08-01

Full Text Available O cultivo de amoras está amplamente difundido em zonas temperadas, porém, algumas cultivares são de baixa necessidade em frio e podem ser exploradas em locais com temperaturas mais elevadas. Assim, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a produção de amoras-pretas e amora-vermelha na região de Lavras-MG (clima Cwb. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e onze tratamentos (cultivares de amoreiras-pretas 'Arapaho', 'Xavante', 'Ébano', 'Comanche', 'Caingangue', 'Choctaw', 'Tupy', 'Guarani', 'Brazos', 'Cherokee' e a amoreira-vermelha, espécie nativa do Brasil. Em cada parcela, foram coletados dados fenológicos e produtivos no ciclo de produção 2010/11 e 2011/12, além da caracterização físico-química dos frutos. As cultivares de amoreira-preta apresentaram ciclo produtivo entre 66 e 133 dias, com colheitas se iniciando em setembro e se estendendo até janeiro; e a amoreira-vermelha com ciclo produtivo de 283 dias. 'Brazos' apresentou a maior produtividade estimada. As cultivares Brazos e Guarani possibilitaram a produção de frutos de maior massa, enquanto que 'Caingangue', 'Tupy' e 'Choctaw' apresentaram bom equilíbrio entre os sólidos solúveis e acidez. A amoreira-vermelha apresentou elevada produção de frutos (527g por planta no 1o ciclo e 344g por planta no 2o ciclo e demonstrou-se uma excelente opção para o processamento

Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora pods in the diet of lambs

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Maiza Araújo Cordão

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Evaluated partial substitution of commonly used concentrate mixture by jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora pods (JPP in the diet of Santa Inês lambs of according to a randomized complete block design with three treatments (0, 10 and 20% concentrate substitution, in a 40:60 concentrate: roughage fodder diet and six replications, using 18 non-castrated Santa Inês male lambs with initial body weight of 20.28±1.18 kg. Analyzed variables were apparent coefficients of digestibility and/or daily donsumption of dry matter (CDDM and CDM, organic matter (CDOM and COM, neutral detergent fiber (CDNDF and CNDF, acid detergent fiber (CDADF and CADF, crude protein (CDCP and CCP, crude energy (CDCE only, ether extract (CDEE and CEE, total carbohydrates (CDTCH and CTCH, non fibrous carbohydrates (CDNFC and CNFC, metabolizable energy (CME and water (IH2O, mean daily body weight gain (MDBWG and food conversion (FC. There were no effects (P>0.05 of JPP on digestibility, except for the quadratic effect (P0.05, consumption of CP, NDF, ADF and EE increased linearly, while CNFC decreased linearly. Jurema preta pods can be included in the diet of lambs and may contribute to the sustainability of the sheep activity in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil.

Forage yield and quality of a dense thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" stand Produção e qualidade da forragem de jurema-preta com e sem acúleos em plantio adensado

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Ivonete Alves Bakke

2007-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd. Poiret in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta" in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p0.05 for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season.O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a produção e qualidade da forragem de jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd. Poiret com e sem acúleos, em plantio adensado, submetida ao corte anual dos ramos finos, em Patos, PB. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com dois tratamentos (plantas sem acúleos e plantas com acúleos, com dez repetições de duas parcelas lineares subdivididas no tempo. A produção e composição química da forragem de ramos finos e o diâmetro basal das plantas foram medidos durante cinco anos. A poda diminuiu (p0,05 para os dois fenótipos. Este volumoso - valores médios mínimos para FDN e FDA: 56±1,1% e 43±1,1%, respectivamente - mostrou-se pobre em P e K. Seu teor médio de proteína bruta acima de 9,9±0,5% superou o mínimo necessário para a manutenção animal. Os dois genótipos toleraram a poda dos ramos e contribuíram com uma quantidade significativa de volumoso para a manutenção de ruminantes na estação seca.

Rochas-mater da "terra roxa"

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M. Gutmans

1943-09-01

Full Text Available Physico-chemical and mineralogical studies of the soils of the São Paulo State by the Soil Division of The Agronomical Institute proved the existence of different violet soils in South-Brasil and its origin from basaltic rocks. The Brasilian denomination "terra roxa" is already many times translated to "red soil", which is inexact, because the colour "roxa" corresponds to "violet" in English. We must insist on the perfection of Brasilian expression, which gives the shortest and the best characteristic of the true violet soil, derived through the decomposition of basalts and diabases in the São Paulo State. The term "red soil" originated much confusion, because there are in this state many "red soils" of different origins, but the true violet soil is quite unique. The violet colour of this soil appears very beautifully on the clean fields above the diabase hills at the distance of some hundreds of meters. In the state of complete dryness the violet soil becomes coffee brown, but never gets a red colour. The violet soil is the best soil of South America, on the contrary the red soils, which are mostly lateritic, are bad soils. Some exceptions, do exist, of course. The basalts produce laterites and other red soils of better qualities. With the purpose to contribute to the study of the violet and the red soils the present essay was made, describing the basic rocks of South-Brasil, as mother rocks of soils. The basic monograph of Djalma Guimarães "Magmatic Province of South-Brasil" (5, many times mentioned in the petrographic literature, definitively established the principal types and the mineral-components of triassic basic rocks in South-Brasil. We have found some varieties of basic rocks, not ye

Taxonomic characterisation of Proteus terrae sp. nov., a N2O-producing, nitrate-ammonifying soil bacterium.

Science.gov (United States)

Behrendt, Undine; Augustin, Jürgen; Spröer, Cathrin; Gelbrecht, Jörg; Schumann, Peter; Ulrich, Andreas

2015-12-01

In the context of studying the influence of N-fertilization on N2 and N2O flux rates in relation to the soil bacterial community composition in fen peat grassland, a group of bacterial strains was isolated that performed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and concomitantly produced N2O. The amount of nitrous oxide produced was influenced by the C/N ratio of the medium. The potential to generate nitrous oxide was increased by higher availability of nitrate-N. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA and the rpoB gene sequences demonstrated that the investigated isolates belong to the genus Proteus, showing high similarity with the respective type strains of Proteus vulgaris and Proteus penneri. DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed differences at the species level. These differences were substantiated by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and several distinct physiological characteristics. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the soil isolates represent a novel species for which the name Proteus terrae sp. nov. (type strain N5/687(T) =DSM 29910(T) =LMG 28659(T)) is proposed.

Variabilidade da água disponível de uma terra roxa estruturada latossólica Available soil-water variability of a "terra roxa estruturada latossólica" (rhodic kanhapludalf

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S.O. Moraes

1993-12-01

Full Text Available A partir de 250 curvas de retenção da água no solo, elaboradas com amostras indeformadas coletadas de uma área de 6250 m² de uma Terra Roxa Estruturada Latossólica de Piracicaba,SP, foram calculados quatro conjuntos de valores de água disponível assumindo-se -1x10³, -6x10³, -1x10(4 e -3x10(4 Pa como possíveis valores de potencial mátrico correspondentes à capacidade de campo e -1,5x10³ Pa um possível valor correspondente ao ponto de murchamento permanente. Foram feitas medidas de posição (média, variabilidade (coeficiente de variação, assimetria e curtose e numero necessário de amostras para estimar a média a um dado nível de probabilidade a fim de quantificar a variabilidade e a sensibilidade dos resultados em cada conjunto e entre conjuntos de valores de água disponível. A análise dos resultados mostrou que a variabilidade da água disponível, obtida à partir de dois valores de umidade da Curva de Retenção é muito maior que a variabilidade de cada valor individualmente. Ou seja, embora as variáveis envolvidas possam ser as mesmas, o grau de variabilidade (expresso, por exemplo, pelo coeficiente de variação ou a sensibilidade das medidas (expressa pelo número necessário de amostras para estimar a média dentro de um determinado intervalo de confiança pode ser bem distinto, indicando que nem sempre resultados de uma amostragem realizada com determinado objetivo poderá servir a outros, embora possam tratar-se de variáveis dependentes.From 250 soil-water retention curves of an area of 6250 m² of a "Terra Roxa Estruturada Latossólica" (Rhodic Kanhapludalf located in Piracicaba,SP, four sets of available soil-water were calculated assuming field capacity values based on soil-water contents corresponding to -1x10³, -6x10³, -1x10(4 and -3x10(4 Pa of soil water matric potential; and permanent wilting point based on soil-water contents corresponding to -1,5x10(6 Pa. Aiming to quantify the variability and the

Jurema-Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poir.: a review of its traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology

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Rafael Sampaio Octaviano de Souza

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Numerous plant species are used throughout the world to achieve the modified states of conscientiousness. Some of them have been used for the therapeutic purposes, such as Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd Poir. (family Mimosaceae known as "jurema-preta", an hallucinogenic plant traditionally used for curing and divination by the Indians of northeastern Brazil. In this review, several aspects of the use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of this plant are considered.Numerosas espécies de plantas são usadas para alterar estados de consciência. Algumas são utilizadas para fins terapêuticos, como Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd Poir. (Mimosaceae conhecida como "jurema-preta", uma planta alucinógena, tradicionalmente utilizada pelos índios no nordeste do Brasil. Nesta revisão, são considerados diversos aspectos do uso, fitoquímica e farmacologia desta planta.

Dark Earths and manioc cultivation in Central Amazonia: a window on pre-Columbian agricultural systems?

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James A. Fraser

Full Text Available Many commentators highlight the fertility of Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADE, emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture. Some scholars believe that terra mulata (the less fertile, more extensive form of ADE was created by means of agricultural practices used by large settled populations of pre-Columbian farmers. But what was it that these Amerindian farmers were growing? Until recently, scholarly consensus held that manioc does not perform well on ADE. New research on the middle Madeira River is showing, however, that this consensus was premature. In this region, the most common crop in ADE fields is bitter manioc. Farmers there have various landraces of manioc that they believe yield particularly well on ADE, and logically plant more of these varieties on ADE. Aspects of the behaviour and perception of manioc cultivation among 52 farmers at the community of Barro Alto were measured quantitatively on four terra firme soil types (Terra Preta, Terra Mulata, Oxisols and Ultisols. These farmers plant different configurations of landraces in different soils, according to their perception of the suitability of particular landraces and their characteristics to certain soil types and successional processes. This, in turn, shapes selective pressures on these varieties, as new genetic material incorporated from volunteer seedlings is more likely to contain traits present in the most prevalent landrace(s in each soil type. Owing to localized population pressure at Barro Alto, manioc is under more intensive cultivation systems, with shorter cropping periods (5-10 months and shorter fallow periods (1-2 years. The outcome of these processes is different co-evolutionary dynamics on ADE as opposed to non-anthropogenic soils. Further anthropological study of manioc swiddening in one of the richest agricultural environments in Amazonia can fill a gap in the literature, thus opening an additional window on the pre-Columbian period.

Dark Earths and manioc cultivation in Central Amazonia: a window on pre-Columbian agricultural systems?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James A. Fraser

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Many commentators highlight the fertility of Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADE, emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture. Some scholars believe that terra mulata (the less fertile, more extensive form of ADE was created by means of agricultural practices used by large settled populations of pre-Columbian farmers. But what was it that these Amerindian farmers were growing? Until recently, scholarly consensus held that manioc does not perform well on ADE. New research on the middle Madeira River is showing, however, that this consensus was premature. In this region, the most common crop in ADE fields is bitter manioc. Farmers there have various landraces of manioc that they believe yield particularly well on ADE, and logically plant more of these varieties on ADE. Aspects of the behaviour and perception of manioc cultivation among 52 farmers at the community of Barro Alto were measured quantitatively on four terra firme soil types (Terra Preta, Terra Mulata, Oxisols and Ultisols. These farmers plant different configurations of landraces in different soils, according to their perception of the suitability of particular landraces and their characteristics to certain soil types and successional processes.This, in turn, shapes selective pressures on these varieties, as new genetic material incorporated from volunteer seedlings is more likely to contain traits present in the most prevalent landrace(s in each soil type. Owing to localized population pressure at Barro Alto, manioc is under more intensive cultivation systems, with shorter cropping periods (5-10 months and shorter fallow periods (1-2 years. The outcome of these processes is different co-evolutionary dynamics on ADE as opposed to non-anthropogenic soils. Further anthropological study of manioc swiddening in one of the richest agricultural environments in Amazonia can fill a gap in the literature, thus opening an additional window on the pre-Columbian period.

Integrating regional and continental scale comparisons of tree composition in Amazonian terra firme forests

Science.gov (United States)

Honorio Coronado, E. N.; Baker, T. R.; Phillips, O. L.; Pitman, N. C. A.; Pennington, R. T.; Vásquez Martínez, R.; Monteagudo, A.; Mogollón, H.; Dávila Cardozo, N.; Ríos, M.; García-Villacorta, R.; Valderrama, E.; Ahuite, M.; Huamantupa, I.; Neill, D. A.; Laurance, W. F.; Nascimento, H. E. M.; Soares de Almeida, S.; Killeen, T. J.; Arroyo, L.; Núñez, P.; Freitas Alvarado, L.

2009-01-01

We contrast regional and continental-scale comparisons of the floristic composition of terra firme forest in South Amazonia, using 55 plots across Amazonia and a subset of 30 plots from northern Peru and Ecuador. Firstly, we examine the floristic patterns using both genus- or species-level data and find that the species-level analysis more clearly distinguishes different plot clusters. Secondly, we compare the patterns and causes of floristic differences at regional and continental scales. At a continental scale, ordination analysis shows that species of Lecythidaceae and Sapotaceae are gradually replaced by species of Arecaceae and Myristicaceae from eastern to western Amazonia. These floristic gradients are correlated with gradients in soil fertility and to dry season length, similar to previous studies. At a regional scale, similar patterns are found within north-western Amazonia, where differences in soil fertility distinguish plots where species of Lecythidaceae, characteristic of poor soils, are gradually replaced by species of Myristicaceae on richer soils. The main coordinate of this regional-scale ordination correlates mainly with concentrations of available calcium and magnesium. Thirdly, we ask at a regional scale within north-western Amazonia, whether soil fertility or other distance dependent processes are more important for determining variation in floristic composition. A Mantel test indicates that both soils and geographical distance have a similar and significant role in determining floristic similarity across this region. Overall, these results suggest that regional-scale variation in floristic composition can rival continental scale differences within Amazonian terra firme forests, and that variation in floristic composition at both scales is dependent on a range of processes that include both habitat specialisation related to edaphic conditions and other distance-dependent processes. To fully account for regional scale variation in continental

Nodulation of legumes, nitrogenase activity of roots and occurrence of nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum spp. In representative soils of central Amazonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sylvester-Bradley, R; De Oliverira, L A; De Podesta Filho, J A; John, T V

1980-12-01

Leguminosae do not predominate in the Brazilian Amazon rain forest, although they are among the five best represented families. Plant roots from various soils were examined for the presence of nodules, acetylene-reducing activity and N/sub 2/-fixing Azospirillum spp. Abundant nodulation was found in black earth (''terra preta dos indios'') and in one case on sandy soil under campinarana vegetation along a tributary of the upper Rio Negro. In sandy latosol some nodules occurred in secondary forest and fewer in primary forest. Legumes in disturbed clayey or sandy latosol showed more frequent nodulation. Primary forest on alluvial (''varzea'') soil, and in Bahia coastal rain forest on sandy latosol and Erythrina glauca used for shading cacao plantations were abundantly nodulated. Acetylene reduction assays showed no, or very little, nitrogenase activity of roots from primary or secondary forest on clayey latosol near Manaus. Nodulated roots from secondary forest on sandy latosol showed acetylene-reducing activity. High rates of acetylene reduction were observed in nodulated roots of primary forest on alluvial ''varzea'' soil. Root samples showed ethylene absorption in controls without acetylene which might interfere with the results of acetylene reduction tests. The incidence of Azospirillum was also higher in black earth than the other soils examined, and in soils with higher pH. The hypothesis that Azospirillum is associated with Trema micantha roots was refuted. Roots and soils collected under cultivated grasses showed a higher incidence of Azospirillum when fertilized with phosphorus and lime. Results indicate that nitrogen fixation did occur in association with roots in some soils, but not with roots of primary or secondary forest on clayey latosol in the vicinity of Manaus, which is the most common soil in Central Amazonia. The possible reasons for this are discussed.

A Corrida por Terras

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Paula Simas de Andrade

2013-07-01

Full Text Available PEARCE, Fred. The Land Grabbers - The New Fight over Who Owns the World. Boston: Beacon Press, 2012. 326 p. [Uso da terra rural, Propriedade real terras estrangeiras, propriedade Rural, investimento estrangeiro]. ISBN 978-0-8070-0324-4.

TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958-2015

Science.gov (United States)

Abatzoglou, John T.; Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Parks, Sean A.; Hegewisch, Katherine C.

2018-01-01

We present TerraClimate, a dataset of high-spatial resolution (1/24°, ~4-km) monthly climate and climatic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces from 1958-2015. TerraClimate uses climatically aided interpolation, combining high-spatial resolution climatological normals from the WorldClim dataset, with coarser resolution time varying (i.e., monthly) data from other sources to produce a monthly dataset of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and solar radiation. TerraClimate additionally produces monthly surface water balance datasets using a water balance model that incorporates reference evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature, and interpolated plant extractable soil water capacity. These data provide important inputs for ecological and hydrological studies at global scales that require high spatial resolution and time varying climate and climatic water balance data. We validated spatiotemporal aspects of TerraClimate using annual temperature, precipitation, and calculated reference evapotranspiration from station data, as well as annual runoff from streamflow gauges. TerraClimate datasets showed noted improvement in overall mean absolute error and increased spatial realism relative to coarser resolution gridded datasets.

Potential of X-Band TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data for the Assessment of Physical Soil Parameters

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Azza Gorrab

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to analyze the potential of X-band SAR measurements (COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X made over bare soils for the estimation of soil moisture and surface geometry parameters at a semi-arid site in Tunisia (North Africa. Radar signals acquired with different configurations (HH and VV polarizations, incidence angles of 26° and 36° are statistically compared with ground measurements (soil moisture and roughness parameters. The radar measurements are found to be highly sensitive to the various soil parameters of interest. A linear relationship is determined for the radar signals as a function of volumetric soil moisture, and a logarithmic correlation is observed between the radar signals and three surface roughness parameters: the root mean square height (Hrms, the parameter Zs = Hrms2/l (where l is the correlation length and the parameter Zg = Hrms × (Hrms/lα (where α is the power of the surface height correlation function. The highest dynamic sensitivity is observed for Zg at high incidence angles. Finally, the performance of different physical and semi-empirical backscattering models (IEM, Baghdadi-calibrated IEM and Dubois models is compared with SAR measurements. The results provide an indication of the limits of validity of the IEM and Dubois models, for various radar configurations and roughness conditions. Considerable improvements in the IEM model performance are observed using the Baghdadi-calibrated version of this model.

NASA 3D Models: Terra

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — NASA launched the Earth Observing System's flagship satellite Terra, named for Earth, on December 18, 1999. Terra has been collecting data about Earth's changing...

NÍVEL DE CONTROLE DE Diloboderus abderus EM AVEIA PRETA, LINHO, MILHO E GIRASSOL

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Silva Mauro Tadeu Braga da

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo aqui relatado foi conduzido nas safras agrícolas de 1991 e 1992, em Cruz Alta, no Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de infestação de Diloboderus abderus Sturm, 1826 (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae em aveia preta (Avena strigosa L., em linho (Linum usitatissimum L., em milho (Zea mays L. e em girassol (Helianthus annuus L., no sistema de plantio direto. O aumento do número de larvas/m² propiciou a ocorrência de danos e, em conseqüência, a diminuição da população de plantas, da massa seca da parte aérea e da produtividade. Os níveis de controle obtidos foram variáveis dependendo da cultura. Com base nos danos produzidos pelo inseto, sugerem-se os níveis de controle de 12 larvas/m² em linho, de 10 larvas/m² em aveia preta, de 0,5 larva/m² em milho e de 0,4 larva/m² em girassol, como indicador para tratamento de sementes destas culturas com inseticidas.

Desintensificação do uso da terra e sua relação com a erosão do solo Disintensification of land use and its relation with soil erosion

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Alexandre ten Caten

2012-09-01

Full Text Available A conservação dos recursos naturais tais como solo e água, deve ser preocupação de governos e instituições. Processos erosivos são responsáveis pela degradação desses recursos, em várias partes do globo. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a dinâmica da cobertura da terra em uma região de topografia complexa e empregar a equação universal de perda de solos modificada (RUSLE para quantificar a perda de solos em decorrência da erosão. O uso da terra no distrito de Vale Vêneto, município de São João do Polêsine na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foi avaliado em imagens Landsat nos anos de 1988, 2000 e 2007. A análise espaço temporal do uso da terra indica que as áreas de floresta tiveram um aumento de 16,2% no período de 19 anos. As áreas de agricultura sofreram uma diminuição de 57,5%, no mesmo período. A erosão bruta específica sofreu uma redução de 44%, de 1988 a 2007. Verificou-se que a desintensificação do uso da terra leva a uma configuração mais favorável de conservação do solo e mitigação da erosão. É provável que as mudanças ocorridas no uso da terra estejam relacionadas à não reprodução das famílias rurais que, anteriormente, cultivavam áreas impróprias para a atividade agrícola nesta região.Conservation of natural resources such as soil and water should be a concern of governments and institutions. Erosion processes are responsible for the degradation of these important resources in many parts of the globe. The aim of this study was to assess the land cover dynamics in a region of complex landscape and employ the modified universal soil loss equation (RUSLE to quantify soil loss due to erosion. The land use in the district of Vale Veneto, São João do Polêsine in central region of Rio Grande do Sul, was evaluated in Landsat images of 1988, 2000 and 2007. The spatial and temporal analysis of the land use indicates that the forest areas had a 16.2% increase over

AMORA-PRETA: NOVA OPÇÃO DE CULTIVO NO BRASIL

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Antunes Luís Eduardo Corrêa

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A amoreira-preta é uma frutífera de grande potencial para as regiões brasileiras com período de inverno marcante e propícia para pequenas propriedades agrícolas. Os frutos podem ser utilizados para consumo in natura e para produção de geleificados e doces caseiros, sendo assim, potencial para as famílias que trabalham com o ecoturismo regional. Além destas características, praticamente não necessita de insumos químicos, sendo ótima opção para o cultivo orgânico, além das propriedades nutricionais e medicinais dos frutos.

Influence of drainage status on soil and water chemistry, litter decomposition and soil respiration in central Amazonian forests on sandy soils

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Berton Zanchi, F.; Waterloo, M.J.; Dolman, A.J.; Groenendijk, M.; Kruijt, B.

2011-01-01

Central Amazonian rainforest landscape supports a mosaic of tall terra firme rainforest and ecotone campinarana, riparian and campina forests, reflecting topography-induced variations in soil, nutrient and drainage conditions. Spatial and temporal variations in litter decomposition, soil and

EOS Terra Validation Program

Science.gov (United States)

Starr, David

2000-01-01

The EOS Terra mission will be launched in July 1999. This mission has great relevance to the atmospheric radiation community and global change issues. Terra instruments include Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT). In addition to the fundamental radiance data sets, numerous global science data products will be generated, including various Earth radiation budget, cloud and aerosol parameters, as well as land surface, terrestrial ecology, ocean color, and atmospheric chemistry parameters. Significant investments have been made in on-board calibration to ensure the quality of the radiance observations. A key component of the Terra mission is the validation of the science data products. This is essential for a mission focused on global change issues and the underlying processes. The Terra algorithms have been subject to extensive pre-launch testing with field data whenever possible. Intensive efforts will be made to validate the Terra data products after launch. These include validation of instrument calibration (vicarious calibration) experiments, instrument and cross-platform comparisons, routine collection of high quality correlative data from ground-based networks, such as AERONET, and intensive sites, such as the SGP ARM site, as well as a variety field experiments, cruises, etc. Airborne simulator instruments have been developed for the field experiment and underflight activities including the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) AirMISR, MASTER (MODIS-ASTER), and MOPITT-A. All are integrated on the NASA ER-2 though low altitude platforms are more typically used for MASTER. MATR is an additional sensor used for MOPITT algorithm development and validation. The intensive validation activities planned for the first year of the Terra

Soil-vegetation relationships and community structure in a "terra-firme"-white-sand vegetation gradient in Viruá National Park, northern Amazon, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendonça, Bruno A F DE; Fernandes, Elpídio I; Schaefer, Carlos E G R; Mendonça, Júlia G F DE; Vasconcelos, Bruno N F

2017-01-01

Viruá National Park encompasses a vast and complex system of hydromorphic sandy soils covered largely by the white sand vegetation ("Campinarana") ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate a vegetation gradient of "terra-firme"-white sand vegetation at the Viruá National Park. Nine plots representing three physiognomic units were installed for floristic and phytosociological surveys as well as to collect composite soil samples. The data were subjected to assessments of floristic diversity and similarity, phytosociological parameters and to statistical analyses, focused on principal components (PC) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The vegetation of the Campinaranas types and Forest differed in biomass and species density. Ten species, endemic to Brazil, were particularly well-represented. PC and CCA indicated a clear distinction between the studied plots, based on measured soil variables, especially base sum and clay, which were the most differentiating properties between Campinarana and Forest; For the separation of the Campinarana types, the main distinguishing variable was organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Higher similarity of Campinaranas was associated to a monodominant species and the lower similarity of Forest was related to the high occurrence of locally rare species.

Biochar composts and composites.

Science.gov (United States)

Ekebafe, Marian Osazoduwa; Ekebafe, Lawrence Olu; Ugbesia, Stella Omozee

2015-01-01

Research has shown that the carbon content of wastes decreases during composting with an increase in the nitrogen content. This indicates that the increased microbial activity in the process results in an increased mineralisation rate of organic nitrogen. A formula containing biochar in the form of terra preta, biochar bokashi, biochar glomalin, biochar hydrogel and biochar mokusaku-eki could further enhance the stability of the system and its effectiveness as a soil ameliorant. It could increase the cation exchange capacity, reuse crop residue, reduce runoff, reduce watering, reduce the quantity of fertiliser increase crop yield, build and multiply soil biodiversity, strengthen and rebuild our soil food web, sequester atmospheric carbon in a carbon negative process, increase soil pH, restructure poor soils, and reduce carbon dioxide/methane/ nitrous oxide/ammonia emissions from gardens and fields. This paper considers these claims and also the wider environmental implications of the adoption of these processes. The intention of this overview is not just to summarise current knowledge of the subject, but also to identify gaps in knowledge that require further research.

Challenges of linking scientific knowledge to river basin management policy: AquaTerra as a case study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Slob, A.; Rijnveld, M.

2007-01-01

The EU Project AquaTerra generates knowledge about the river-soil-sediment-groundwater system and delivers scientific information of value for river basin management. In this article, the use and ignorance of scientific knowledge in decision making is explored by a theoretical review. We elaborate

Two drastically different climate states on an Earth-like terra-planet

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S. Kalidindi

2018-06-01

Full Text Available We study an Earth-like terra-planet (water-limited terrestrial planet with an overland recycling mechanism bringing fresh water back from the high latitudes to the low latitudes. By performing model simulations for such a planet we find two drastically different climate states for the same set of boundary conditions and parameter values: a cold and wet (CW state with dominant low-latitude precipitation and a hot and dry (HD state with only high-latitude precipitation. We notice that for perpetual equinox conditions, both climate states are stable below a certain threshold value of background soil albedo while above the threshold only the CW state is stable. Starting from the HD state and increasing background soil albedo above the threshold causes an abrupt shift from the HD state to the CW state resulting in a sudden cooling of about 35 °C globally, which is of the order of the temperature difference between present day and the Snowball Earth state. When albedo starting from the CW state is reduced down to zero the terra-planet does not shift back to the HD state (no closed hysteresis. This is due to the high cloud cover in the CW state hiding the surface from solar irradiation so that surface albedo has only a minor effect on the top of the atmosphere radiation balance. Additional simulations with present-day Earth's obliquity all lead to the CW state, suggesting a similar abrupt transition from the HD state to the CW state when increasing obliquity from zero. Our study also has implications for the habitability of Earth-like terra-planets. At the inner edge of the habitable zone, the higher cloud cover in the CW state cools the planet and may prevent the onset of a runaway greenhouse state. At the outer edge, the resupply of water at low latitudes stabilizes the greenhouse effect and keeps the planet in the HD state and may prevent water from getting trapped at high latitudes in frozen form. Overall, the existence of bistability in the

Caracterização etnobotânica dos sistemas de manejo de samambaia-preta (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst Ching - Dryopteridaceae utilizados no sul do Brasil Ethnobotanical characterization of leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst Ching - Dryopteridaceae management systems used in southern Brazil

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Cristina Baldauf

2007-12-01

Full Text Available (Caracterização etnobotânica dos sistemas de manejo de samambaia-preta (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst Ching - Dryopteridaceae utilizados no sul do Brasil. A samambaia-preta (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst Ching- Pteridophyta é utilizada comercialmente na produção de arranjos florais. A extração desta espécie é fonte de renda de muitas famílias da região sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os sistemas de manejo da espécie utilizados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS através do uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante com famílias extrativistas do município de Maquiné-RS. Foi verificada a ocorrência de uma grande diversidade de técnicas de manejo, a partir da qual foi proposta uma tipologia de sistemas de manejo. A tipologia consiste em quatro sistemas de manejo principais, de acordo com o manejo da paisagem e das populações de samambaia empregados. Constatou-se uma associação entre a situação fundiária e os sistemas de manejo utilizados. Nas terras arrendadas é realizada apenas a coleta das frondes, enquanto nas terras próprias são realizadas intervenções como podas, derrubadas de árvores, retirada de frondes mortas, pisoteio da área após coleta, além de interação com sistemas de agricultura de coivara e criação de gado. A tipologia dos sistemas de manejo elaborada, em associação com outros estudos sobre a sustentabilidade do extrativismo de samambaia-preta, vem fundamentando a regulamentação desta atividade no Rio Grande do Sul.(Ethnobotanical characterization of leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst Ching - Dryopteridaceae management systems used in southern Brazil. The leatherleaf fern (Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst. Ching is commercially used in flower arrangements. The harvesting of this species is an income source for many families from southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to characterize species management systems used in Maquin

The Terra Data Fusion Project: An Update

Science.gov (United States)

Di Girolamo, L.; Bansal, S.; Butler, M.; Fu, D.; Gao, Y.; Lee, H. J.; Liu, Y.; Lo, Y. L.; Raila, D.; Turner, K.; Towns, J.; Wang, S. W.; Yang, K.; Zhao, G.

2017-12-01

Terra is the flagship of NASA's Earth Observing System. Launched in 1999, Terra's five instruments continue to gather data that enable scientists to address fundamental Earth science questions. By design, the strength of the Terra mission has always been rooted in its five instruments and the ability to fuse the instrument data together for obtaining greater quality of information for Earth Science compared to individual instruments alone. As the data volume grows and the central Earth Science questions move towards problems requiring decadal-scale data records, the need for data fusion and the ability for scientists to perform large-scale analytics with long records have never been greater. The challenge is particularly acute for Terra, given its growing volume of data (> 1 petabyte), the storage of different instrument data at different archive centers, the different file formats and projection systems employed for different instrument data, and the inadequate cyberinfrastructure for scientists to access and process whole-mission fusion data (including Level 1 data). Sharing newly derived Terra products with the rest of the world also poses challenges. As such, the Terra Data Fusion Project aims to resolve two long-standing problems: 1) How do we efficiently generate and deliver Terra data fusion products? 2) How do we facilitate the use of Terra data fusion products by the community in generating new products and knowledge through national computing facilities, and disseminate these new products and knowledge through national data sharing services? Here, we will provide an update on significant progress made in addressing these problems by working with NASA and leveraging national facilities managed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). The problems that we faced in deriving and delivering Terra L1B2 basic, reprojected and cloud-element fusion products, such as data transfer, data fusion, processing on different computer architectures

Sistema de suporte à decisão para recomendação de uso e manejo da terra A decision support system for recommending land use and soil management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica L. Giboshi

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, o desenvolvimento de um sistema de apoio à decisão para a recomendação de uso e manejo da terra, integrando Sistema Especialista, Sistema de Informações Geográficas, uma base de dados e uma interface para interpretar a entrada de dados do usuário e as mensagens passadas entre os subsistemas. O sistema desenvolvido determina a capacidade de uso da terra; recomenda usos adequados para cada classe de capacidade de uso como também práticas de conservação e manejo do solo e identifica áreas de conflito comparando os mapas de uso da terra com o mapa de capacidade de uso. Todos os resultados podem ser visualizados em janelas do programa, gravados ou impressos em forma de relatório. A área utilizada para testar o sistema é o Município de Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP. O sistema mostrou ser uma ferramenta poderosa e eficaz, permitindo avaliar-se uma região, oferecendo suporte para uma tomada de decisão mais fundamentada.The objective of this work was to develop a decision support system to recommend land use and practices for soil conservation and management, which integrates an Expert System, Geographic Information System (GIS, a database and an interface to monitor input and output data and the messages passed between the subsystems. Using soil and slope maps, the developed system determines land capability from information stored in the database and also supplied by SIG; it recommends adequate uses for land capability class as well as practices for soil conservation and management and identifies conflict areas comparing the maps of land use with the land capability. All results can be visualized by the user through windows of the program, recorded or printed in form of report. In order to test the system, the municipality of Santo Antônio do Jardim, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, was selected. The system is a powerful and efficient tool, permitting the evaluation of a region and thereby offering

Caracterização química e mineralogia de solos antrópicos (terras pretas de índio na amazônia central

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Francisco Weliton Rocha Silva

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Na Amazônia brasileira é comum a ocorrência de sítios arqueológicos. Frequentemente, observa-se que as ações humanas nesses sítios promoveram modificações significativas em muitas das características físicas, morfológicas e químicas dos solos desses ambientes, tornando-os muito diferentes dos solos adjacentes, especialmente nas áreas de terra firme da região. Embora muitos estudos tenham sido conduzidos visando compreender a magnitude dessas modificações e seus reflexos na gênese dos solos influenciados, muitas questões precisam ser mais bem compreendidas, sobretudo as relacionadas com a mineralogia desses solos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características químicas, a composição mineralógica das frações argila e areia e o grau de pedogênese de cinco perfis de solos com horizonte A antrópico (Au, em ambientes de terra firme e várzea, localizados na Bacia Sedimentar do Amazonas, entre Coari e Manaus-AM. Amostras de solos foram coletadas, preparadas e submetidas às análises químicas de rotina e caracterizadas quanto aos teores de carbono oxidável e aos teores de Si, Fe, Al e P; adicionalmente, efetuou-se a identificação dos minerais presentes nas frações argila e areia, por meio de difratometria de raios X. Os resultados mostraram que as modificações promovidas pela atividade humana levaram à melhoria da fertilidade do solo, resultando em solos com acidez moderada, elevados teores de Ca2+ e de P disponíveis e baixos teores de Al3+ trocável. Esses resultados também revelaram teores muito elevados de P-total nos horizontes antrópicos, variando entre 1.630 e 8.840 mg kg-1 de P2O5. A mineralogia da fração argila dos solos antrópicos de terra firme revelou dominância de caulinita, além da ocorrência de gibbsita, de goethita e de óxidos de titânio (anatásio. O perfil de várzea, além de caulinita e goethita, apresentou também minerais do tipo 2:1 na fração argila. A mineralogia da

TerraPower, Bill Gates' reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guidez, J.

2016-01-01

TerraPower is a traveling wave reactor, it means that the reactor gradually converts non fissile material into the fuel it needs and the active part of the core progressively moves through the core leaving spent fuel behind. The last design of the TerraPower shows that it will use depleted uranium as fuel and that its core will need reloading every 10 years. Re-arrangement of the nuclear fuel will have to be made every 18 months to keep the core reactive. Metallic nuclear fuels will be used as they allow the highest breeding rates. It appears that apart from the very specific configuration of the core, the TerraPower is a reactor very similar to sodium-cooled fast reactors. Neutron transport inside traveling wave reactor core is complex and simulations show that the piling-up of fission product tends to kill the chain reaction and a continuous neutron addition may be necessary to keep the reactor going. A large part of the TerraPower feasibility studies concerns neutron transport inside its core. (A.C.)

Flora invasora de cultivos de aveia-preta, milho e sorgo em região de cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

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Adriana Guglieri-Caporal

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Cerca de 3 milhões de hectares de solos de cerrado no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul são ocupados por lavouras anuais como aveia-preta, milho e sorgo, nas quais ocorrem plantas invasoras. O primeiro requisito para o manejo e controle de plantas invasoras é a correta identificação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo florístico das espécies invasoras de cultivos de aveia-preta, milho e sorgo, em áreas de cerrado do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, para conhecimento sobre a diversidade em cada cultivo e a similaridade florística entre elas. Nos três cultivos estudados foi constatado o total de 14 famílias, 47 gêneros e 66 espécies invasoras. No cultivo de aveia-preta observou-se o maior número de espécies (43, seguido pelos de milho (39 e sorgo (29. As principais famílias em número de espécies foram Fabaceae (16, Poaceae (13 e Asteraceae (10. A maior similaridade florística ocorreu entre os cultivos de milho e sorgo (0,588.

Effects of soil type on leaching and runoff transport of rare earth elements and phosphorous in laboratory experiments.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Lingqing; Liang, Tao; Chong, Zhongyi; Zhang, Chaosheng

2011-01-01

Through leaching experiments and simulated rainfall experiments, characteristics of vertical leaching of exogenous rare earth elements (REEs) and phosphorus (P) and their losses with surface runoff during simulated rainfall in different types of soils (terra nera soil, cinnamon soil, red soil, loess soil, and purple soil) were investigated. Results of the leaching experiments showed that vertical transports of REEs and P were relatively low, with transport depths less than 6 cm. The vertical leaching rates of REEs and P in the different soils followed the order of purple soil > terra nera soil > red soil > cinnamon soil > loess soil. Results of the simulated rainfall experiments (83 mm h⁻¹) revealed that more than 92% of REEs and P transported with soil particles in runoff. The loss rates of REEs and P in surface runoff in the different soil types were in the order of loess soil > terra nera soil > cinnamon soil > red soil > purple soil. The total amounts of losses of REEs and P in runoff were significantly correlated.

Acerca de falas da terra. Ecologia e tradição

OpenAIRE

Guimarães, Ana Paula; Fonseca, Luís Cancela da

2001-01-01

O projecto Falas da Terra - Ecologia e Tradição surgiu quando à disciplina de Literatura Tradicional Oral apeteceu o transborde: a detecção de paradigmas ambientais, a descrição da fisionomia da terra. • quer enquanto solo arável: terra, corpo feminino lavrado e semeado pelo corpo masculino (o arado e a semente) ou terra tal como a quadra seguinte reiteradamente a refere: Eu sou devedor à terra A terra me está devendo A terra me paga em vida E eu pago à terra em mor...

CRESCIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE HORTALIÇAS ADUBADAS COM DIFERENTES PARTES MORFOLÓGICAS DA MUCUNA PRETA / GROWTH OF SEEDLING OF VEGETABLES FERTILIZED WITH DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL PARTS OF THE BLACK MUCUNA

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E. M. Brandelero

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Visando a melhoria das mudas hortícolas há possibilidade da suplementação mineral dos substratos comerciais com a finalidade de contribuir com a nutrição destas plantas. Entretanto, as constantes irrigações sobre as bandejas acabam por lixiviar os nutrientes, causando a redução no crescimento. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de plântulas de hortaliças submetidas a adição de diferentes partes morfológicas da mucuna preta. Os tratamentos consistiram na adição de resíduos vegetais de folhas, caules e raízes da mucuna preta cultivados previamente e ausência de resíduos, adicionados sobre o substrato de produção de mudas de quatro espécies de hortaliças (cebola, tomate, alface e beterraba, conduzidos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados com três repetições. Constatou-se que a adição de folhas de mucuna preta contribuiu para aumentar a matéria seca da parte aérea entre 67 e 242% a mais em relação ao controle, e de 32 a 163% a mais na altura das plantas. Entretanto, a adição das raízes da mucuna preta reduziu o crescimento das plantas de tomate e beterraba, assim como os caules reduziram o crescimento da beterraba. As folhas da mucuna preta adicionadas sobre as bandejas semeadas proporcionaram maior aporte nutricional e por sua vez maior crescimento das plântulas de alface, tomate e beterraba.

Menina mulher da pele preta - projeto de série televisiva que discute questões de gênero e raça ligados a mulher negra

OpenAIRE

Renato Candido de Lima

2011-01-01

Esta dissertação em mestrado consiste na construção dramatúrgica de um projeto de série televisiva que dialoga questões de gênero e raça atrelados a representação da pessoa negra no audiovisual brasileiro. \\"Menina Mulher da Pele Preta\\" é o nome desta série e ela desenvolve cinco histórias de cinco mulheres negras protagonistas de diferentes idades com suas cinco diferentes realidades sociais e contextos. Seu título dialoga com a música \\"Essa Menina Mulher da Pele Preta\\" composta pelo cant...

TERRA – MADRE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Ampario Osorio

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Cantante, danzatrice, esperta di canti religiosi di tutto il mondo, Luz è figlia di quattro lingue diverse: spagnolo, olandese, inglese, italiano e ha letto poesie scritte in quelle lingue. Tema centrale, il legame fra l’individuo e la terra, sua madre, a cui tornare sempre. Terra da amare, rispettare, cantare.  Earth - Mother Singer, dancer, expert on religious songs from around the world, Luz is the daughter of four different languages: Spanish, Dutch, English, Italian and she read poems written in these languages. The central theme is the link between the individual and the earth, the mother, to whom one always returns. Earth to love, to respect, to celebrate.

Terra - the Earth Observing System flagship observatory

Science.gov (United States)

Thome, K. J.

2013-12-01

The Terra platform enters its teenage years with an array of accomplishments but also with the potential to do much more. Efforts continue to extend the Terra data record to build upon its array of accomplishments and make its data more valuable by creating a record length that allows examination of inter annual variability, observe trends on the decadal scale, and gather statistics relevant to the define climate metrics. Continued data from Terra's complementary instruments will play a key role in creating the data record needed for scientists to develop an understanding of our climate system. Terra's suite of instruments: ASTER (contributed by the Japanese Ministry of Economy and Trade and Industry with a JPL-led US Science Team), CERES (NASA LaRC - PI), MISR (JPL - PI), MODIS (NASA GSFC), and MOPITT (sponsored by Canadian Space Agency with NCAR-led Science Team) are providing an unprecedented 81 core data products. The annual demand for Terra data remains with >120 million files distributed in 2011 and >157 million in 2012. More than 1,100 peer-reviewed publications appeared in 2012 using Terra data bringing the lifetime total >7,600. Citation numbers of 21,000 for 2012 and over 100,000 for the mission's lifetime. The broad range of products enable the community to provide answers to the overarching question, 'How is the Earth changing and what are the consequences for life on Earth?' Terra continues to provide data that: (1) Extend the baseline of morning-orbit collections; (2) Enable comparison of measurements acquired from past high-impact events; (3) Add value to recently-launched and soon-to-be launched missions, and upcoming field programs. Terra data continue to support monitoring and relief efforts for natural and man-made disasters that involve U.S. interests. Terra also contributes to Applications Focus Areas supporting the U.S. National Objectives for agriculture, air quality, climate, disaster management, ecological forecasting, public health, water

Época e Densidade de Semeadura de Aveia Preta (Avena strigosa Schreb. e Azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam. no Alto Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flaresso Jefferson Araújo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido na Epagri, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, SC, com o objetivo de determinar a época e a densidade de semeadura de Avena strigosa Schreb. (aveia preta e Lolium multiflorum Lam. (azevém. Os tratamentos foram avaliados por três anos, dispostos num delineamento de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas com três repetições. As épocas de semeadura para as duas espécies foram: Época 1 - meados de março; Época 2 - meados de abril; Época 3 - meados de maio; Época 4 - meados de junho. As densidades de sementes puras viáveis foram: aveia preta, 60, 80 e 100 kg/ha; azevém, 15, 25 e 35 kg/ha. A aveia preta foi menos produtiva e mais precoce que o azevém. Para as duas espécies, não houve diferença significativa entre as densidades de semeaduras. A melhor época de implantação das espécies foi em meados de abril.

Recuperação de área degradada por construção de hidroelétrica com adubação verde e corretivo Soil reclamation by green manure and soil ammendements in areas degraded by hydroelectric power plant construction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marlene Cristina Alves

2008-12-01

Full Text Available As "áreas de empréstimo" em hidrelétricas são as áreas remanescentes da construção da fundação da barragem e podem ser consideradas áreas degradadas, pois delas foram retirados os horizontes superficiais do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a recuperação de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, degradado por construção civil (Usina Hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira-SP, por meio de adubação verde e aplicação de calagem e gessagem. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de: testemunha (solo mobilizado e vegetação espontânea; mucuna-preta e guandu até 1994. Depois foram substituídos por feijão-de-porco; calcário + mucuna-preta; calcário + guandu até 1994. Nova substituição foi feita por feijão-de-porco; calcário + gesso + mucuna-preta e calcário + gesso + guandu até 1994. Outra substituição foi feita por feijão-de-porco. Esses tratamentos foram estabelecidos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições: após quatro anos com os adubos verdes, um ano com milho, um ano com aveia-preta e dois anos com braquiária. Foram avaliados: pH, teores de Ca2+, Mg2+, P, K, capacidade de troca catiônica, saturação por bases e teor de matéria orgânica. Os tratamentos adotados estão recuperando os atributos químicos do solo degradado, e a mucuna-preta apresentou os melhores resultados, quando comparada ao guandu e feijão-de-porco. Os efeitos da recuperação dos atributos químicos do solo alcançaram a profundidade de 0,0-0,2 m. As técnicas adotadas para recuperação desses atributos químicos (adubação verde, calagem e gessagem no primeiro ano atingiram a profundidade do solo de 0,0-0,1 m e, somente após cinco anos, de 0,0-0,2 m.Loan areas near hydroelectric power plants can be considered degraded areas since they were stripped of their soil surface horizons. This study aimed to investigate the recovery of soil chemical attributes of a Red Latosol (Oxisol used in the embankment and fill of the hydroelectric

Poda drástica para a produção da amora-preta em regiões subtropicais

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Marcelo Angelo Campagnolo

2012-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar podas diferenciadas como alternativa para a produção da amora-preta 'Tupy', em regiões subtropicais do Brasil. O experimento foi realizado no Município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com oito blocos e três tratamentos: poda convencional, poda drástica de verão e poda drástica de inverno. Em cada parcela, constituída de 12 plantas úteis, foram coletados dados fenológicos e produtivos no ciclo de produção de 2010/2011 e 2011/2012, tendo-se realizado quantificação físico-química dos frutos no último ciclo de produção. A poda drástica de verão facilita a condução da amoreira-preta e possibilita aumento na produção de 4.375,6 kg ha-1, em comparação à poda convencional. A poda drástica de inverno causa elevada queda na produção das plantas.

Produtividade de soja e milho após coberturas de inverno e descompactação mecânica do solo Soybean and corn yield after soil winter covers and soil mechanical loosening

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrique Debiasi

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de coberturas de inverno e da descompactação mecânica do solo sobre o desempenho de soja e milho, em sistema de plantio direto. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Eldorado do Sul, RS, sobre Argissolo Vermelho compactado, nas safras 2005/2006 e 2006/2007. No primeiro, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas profundidades teóricas de atuação da haste sulcadora da semeadora (0,06 e 0,12 m, subparcela e de três tipos de coberturas do solo no inverno (parcela: pousio, aveia-preta (Avena strigosa e aveia-preta+ervilhaca (Vicia Sativa. Em 2006, a cobertura aveia-preta+ervilhaca foi substituída por nabo-forrageiro (Raphanus sativus. No segundo experimento, realizado em blocos ao acaso, o solo foi escarificado e os tratamentos consistiram do uso de aveia-preta ou nabo-forrageiro como cobertura de inverno. Os cultivos de cobertura reduziram a compactação superficial do solo (0-0,06 m em comparação ao pousio e, na safra 2006/2007, sob condições de baixa disponibilidade hídrica, proporcionaram maior produtividade de milho e soja. Isso não se repetiu em 2006/2007, quando a disponibilidade hídrica foi adequada. O aumento da profundidade de atuação das hastes sulcadoras não influenciou a produtividade da soja e do milho. A escarificação reduziu a produtividade da soja e do milho em relação ao SPD contínuo.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of soil winter covers and soil mechanical loosening on soybean and corn yield, in no-tillage system. Two experiments were carried oud in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, in a compacted Argissolo Vermelho (Haplic Acrisol, in the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 crop seasons. The first experiment was carried out in a complete block design, with a split plot arrangement. The treatments were two theoretical working depths of a driller chisel-type furrow opener (0.06 and 0

Avaliação da estabilidade de geleias de amora-preta acondicionadas em diferentes embalagens

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Ludmilla Magalhães Carneiro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available A geleia de amora-preta apresenta alto potencial para industrialização tendo em vista que o fruto possui estrutura frágil, elevada perecibilidade e alta atividade respiratória. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de geleias de amora-preta acondicionadas em embalagem de vidro e de polipropileno à temperatura ambiente (25ºC ± 2ºC em condições de luminosidade e em temperatura refrigerada (4ºC ± 2ºC durante 120 dias. Foram analisadas as seguintes características físico-químicas: atividade de água, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, antocianinas totais, teor de vitamina C e atividade antioxidante. Observou-se que a qualidade das geleias foi influenciada pelo tipo de embalagem e pelo tempo de armazenamento, os quais comprometeram as características físico-químicas do produto. Os resultados mostraram um decréscimo na atividade de água, nos níveis de antocianinas totais e nos teores de vitamina C com o decorrer do armazenamento, no entanto, a embalagem de vidro apresentou melhores resultados quanto à manutenção das características físico-químicas da geleia vindo a contribuir para a manutenção da vida útil do produto.

Effect of MODIS Terra Radiometric Calibration Improvements on Collection 6 Deep Blue Aerosol Products: Validation and Terra/Aqua Consistency

Science.gov (United States)

Sayer, A. M.; Hsu, N. C.; Bettenhausen, C.; Jeong, M.-J.; Meister, G.

2015-01-01

The Deep Blue (DB) algorithm's primary data product is midvisible aerosol optical depth (AOD). DB applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements provides a data record since early 2000 for MODIS Terra and mid-2002 for MODIS Aqua. In the previous data version (Collection 5, C5), DB production from Terra was halted in 2007 due to sensor degradation; the new Collection 6 (C6) has both improved science algorithms and sensor radiometric calibration. This includes additional calibration corrections developed by the Ocean Biology Processing Group to address MODIS Terra's gain, polarization sensitivity, and detector response versus scan angle, meaning DB can now be applied to the whole Terra record. Through validation with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data, it is shown that the C6 DB Terra AOD quality is stable throughout the mission to date. Compared to the C5 calibration, in recent years the RMS error compared to AERONET is smaller by approximately 0.04 over bright (e.g., desert) and approximately 0.01-0.02 over darker (e.g., vegetated) land surfaces, and the fraction of points in agreement with AERONET within expected retrieval uncertainty higher by approximately 10% and approximately 5%, respectively. Comparisons to the Aqua C6 time series reveal a high level of correspondence between the two MODIS DB data records, with a small positive (Terra-Aqua) average AOD offset <0.01. The analysis demonstrates both the efficacy of the new radiometric calibration efforts and that the C6 MODIS Terra DB AOD data remain stable (to better than 0.01 AOD) throughout the mission to date, suitable for quantitative scientific analyses.

Potenciais alternativas com extratos vegetais no controle da pinta preta do tomateiro

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Edvan Nilson de Almeida

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o potencial antifúngico de três espécies de plantas medicinais: Zingiber officinale (gengibre, Allium sativum L. (alho e Caryophyllus aromaticus L. (cravo-da-índia in vitro e in vivo, para o controle do patógeno Alternaria solani, agente causal da pinta preta. Avaliou-se in vitro o crescimento micelial, germinação de esporos e o tamanho de tubos germinativos de A. solani nas concentrações de 1,0, 5,0, 10, 15 e 20%. Para a avaliação in vivo sementes de tomateiro cv. Santa Cruz Kada foram semeadas em bandejas de isopor de 200 células contendo substrato comercial. Após 30 dias as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos de 5 L contendo solo e mantidas em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos para o ensaio em in vivo foram extrato aquoso de gengibre, alho e cravo-da-índia na concentração de 20%. As aplicações foram iniciadas após 47 dias do transplante das mudas para casa de vegetação, sendo realizada uma vez por semana até o momento da colheita. Foram realizadas avaliações da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD, número médio e peso de frutos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os extratos de cravo-da-índia, alho e gengibre apresentaram efeito inibidor direto sobre o fungo e reduziram a AACPD em 55,8, 29,5 e 22,5% em relação à testemunha água, respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam potencial dos extratos vegetais avaliados no controle da pinta preta do tomateiro, com destaque para o extrato de cravo-da-índia.

Compostos bioativos presentes em amora-preta (Rubus spp. Bioactive compounds of blackberry fruits (Rubus spp. grown in Brazil

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Daniela Souza Ferreira

2010-09-01

Full Text Available A amora-preta (Rubus spp., pequena fruta de clima temperado, possui coloração atraente, variando do vermelho púrpura ao azul, devido ao elevado teor de antocianinas. As antocianinas, juntamente com os carotenoides, compõem os pigmentos naturais, majoritários encontrados em diversas frutas. Diversos estudos têm relatado a importância destes pigmentos naturais como protetores e/ou inibidores de doenças degenerativas, porém são escassos os estudos sobre compostos bioativos presentes em amora-preta cultivada no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram identificar as antocianinas e os carotenoides presentes em amora-preta, determinar os conteúdos totais de compostos fenólicos, carotenoides, flavonoides, antocianinas totais, monoméricas, poliméricas e copigmentadas, e a capacidade antioxidante frente aos radicais livres ABTS e DPPH. O teor total de carotenoides foi baixo (86,5 ± 0,2 µg/100 g, com all-trans-β-caroteno (39,6 % e all-trans-luteína (28,2 % como os majoritários. As amoras-pretas apresentaram elevado potencial antioxidante principalmente pelo teor representativo de antocianinas monoméricas (104,1 ± 1,8 mg/100 g de fruto, presença de antocianinas poliméricas (22,9 ± 0,4 %, baixa porcentagem de antocianinas copigmentadas (1,6 ± 0,1 % e altos teores de compostos fenólicos (241,7 ± 0,8 mg equivalente de ácido gálico/100 g e de flavonoides totais (173,7 ± 0,7 mg equivalente de catequina/100 g. Cianidina 3-glucosídeo foi a antocianina majoritária (92,9 %. Diante destes resultados, a amora-preta pode ser considerada uma fonte natural rica em antioxidantes e pigmentos.The blackberry (Rubus spp., a small fruit grown in temperate climate, shows an attractive color ranging from purple red to blue, due to the high content of anthocyanins. The anthocyanins, along with carotenoids, are the major natural pigments found in several fruits. Many studies have reported the importance of these natural pigments as protectors

Terra News: sensationalism and fait-divers on the Internet

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Carlos Golembiewski

2009-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of the news program Jornal do Terra (Terra News shown on the Terra website. The study involved two aspects: forms of news presentations on TV, based on studies by Pedro Maciel, and criteria of news value, based on Mário Erbolatto’s view. In addition, we used Luis Arthur Ferraretto’s studies of the news formats used specifically on the radio. The objective of this work was to verify what kind of news is transmitted by the news program Terra News, and to compare it with the traditional news program we watch on TV. The study confirmed that Terra News utilizes conventional formats of news presentation and makes a selection of sensationalist news about fait-divers.

TERRA NEWS: Sensationalism and Fait-divers on the Internet

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Carlos Golembiewski

2011-02-01

Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of the news program Jornal do Terra (Terra News shown on the Terra website. The study involved two aspects: forms of news presentations on TV, based on studies by Pedro Maciel, and criteria of news value, based on Mário Erbolatto’s view. In addition, we used Luis Arthur Ferraretto’s studies of the news formats used specifically on the radio. The objective of this work was to verify what kind of news is transmitted by the news program Terra News, and to compare it with the traditional news program we watch on TV. The study confirmed that Terra News utilizes conventional formats of news presentation and makes a selection of sensationalist news about fait-divers.

The Earth Observing System Terra Mission

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Yoram J.; Einaudi, Franco (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Langley's remarkable solar and lunar spectra collected from Mt. Whitney inspired Arrhenius to develop the first quantitative climate model in 1896. After the launch in Dec. 16 1999, NASA's Earth Observing AM Satellite (EOS-Terra) will repeat Langley's experiment, but for the entire planet, thus pioneering a wide array of calibrated spectral observations from space of the Earth System. Conceived in response to real environmental problems, EOS-Terra, in conjunction with other international satellite efforts, will fill a major gap in current efforts by providing quantitative global data sets with a resolution better than 1 km on the physical, chemical and biological elements of the earth system. Thus, like Langley's data, EOS-Terra can revolutionize climate research by inspiring a new generation of climate system models and enable us to assess the human impact on the environment. In the talk I shall review the historical perspective of the Terra mission and the key new elements of the mission. We expect to have first images that demonstrate the most innovative capability from EOS Terra 5 instruments: MODIS - 1.37 micron cirrus cloud channel; 250m daily coverage for clouds and vegetation change; 7 solar channels for land and aerosol studies; new fire channels; Chlorophyll fluorescence; MISR - first 9 multi angle views of clouds and vegetation; MOPITT - first global CO maps and C114 maps; ASTER - Thermal channels for geological studies with 15-90 m resolution.

Atributos físicos de um Hapludox em função de sistemas de produção integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP, sob plantio direto = Soil physical characteristics of an Oxisol as affected by production systems lay farming, under no-tillage

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Silvio Tulio Spera

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Alguns atributos físicos do solo foram avaliados, após oito anos da instalação do experimento (1995 a 2003, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, em Coxilha, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em seis sistemas de produção de grãos com pastagens anuais de inverno e deverão: sistema I (trigo-soja / pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca-milho; sistema II (trigo-soja / pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca + azevém-milho; sistema III (trigo-soja / pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca-pastagem de milheto; sistema IV (trigo-soja / pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca + azevém-pastagem de milheto; sistema V (trigo-soja / aveia branca-soja / pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca-pastagem de milheto; e sistema VI (trigo-soja / aveia branca-soja /pastagem de aveia preta + ervilhaca + azevém-pastagem de milheto. A densidade de solo e resistência à penetração foram maior na camada 10-15 cm do que na camada 0-5 cm. Nos sistemas I, V e VI, houve diminuição da porosidade total e aumento da densidade e da resistência à penetração de solo, na camada 10-15 cm, em relação à camada 0-5 cm, devido maior intensidade das atividades agropastoris. Após oito anos, os sistemas de manejo com integração lavoura pecuárianão provocaram degradação, em níveis limitantes, nas propriedades físicas do solo manejado sob sistema plantio direto. Soil physical characteristics were evaluated, after eight years (1995 to 2003, on a typic Hapludox located in Coxilha, Rio Grande do SulState, Brazil. Six crop production systems were evaluated: system I (wheat-soybean / black oat + common vetch pasture-corn; system II (wheat-soybean / black oat + common vetch + annual ryegrass pasture-corn; system III (wheat-soybean / black oat + common vetch pasture-pearl millet pasture; system IV (wheat-soybean / black oat + common vetch + annual ryegrass pasture-pearl millet pasture; system V (wheat-soybean, white oat-soybean / black oat + common vetch pasture-pearl millet pasture

Physiologic performance of oats seeds treated with tiametoxamDesempenho fisiológico de sementes de aveia-preta tratadas com tiametoxam

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Luciana Regina Lauxen

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The bioactivator are complex organic substances that can alter the growth, capable of acting on the transcription of DNA into the plant, gene expression, cell membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes and mineral nutrition. The insecticide thiamethoxam has demonstrated positive effects as increased expression of vigor and biomass formation, the elevation of photosynthetic rate and the formation of deeper roots. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiologic performance of tiamethoxan on the oat. Were used oat seeds and product concentrations 0.0, 100, 200, 300, 400ml. to 100 kg of seeds. To evaluate the physiological quality of seeds were carried by germination test, first germination, cold test, seedling length, shtoot and root, tetrazolium test and emergency in the greenhouse. The product tiamethoxan stimulates physiologic performance of oat seeds. The use of the 300 ml of tiametoxam per 100kg, seeds shown to be more efficient to improve the physiological performance of seed oat. Os bioativadores são substâncias orgânicas complexas, modificadoras do crescimento, capazes de atuar na transcrição do DNA na planta, na expressão gênica, em proteínas da membrana celular e enzimas metabólicas e na nutrição mineral. O inseticida tiametoxam tem demonstrado efeitos positivos como o aumento da expressão do vigor e do acúmulo de fitomassa, a elevação da taxa fotossintética e a formação de raízes mais profundas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tiametoxan no desempenho fisiológico de sementes de aveia-preta. Foram utilizadas, para tratamento das sementes de aveia-preta, concentrações do produto de 0,0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mL para 100 kg de sementes. Para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes foram conduzidos os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, de frio, comprimento de plântula, aéreo e radicular, tetrazólio e emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação. O produto

Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production.

Science.gov (United States)

Heitkötter, Julian; Marschner, Bernd

2015-04-01

Biochar is suggested for soil amelioration and carbon sequestration, based on its assumed role as the key factor for the long-term fertility of Terra preta soils. Several studies have shown that certain biochar properties can undergo changes through ageing processes, especially regarding charge characteristics. However, only a few studies determined the changes of different biochars under the same incubation conditions and in different soils. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes of pine chip (PC)- and corn digestate (CD)-derived biochars pyrolyzed at 400 or 600 °C during 100 days of laboratory incubation in a historical kiln soil and an adjacent control soil. Separation between soil and biochar was ensured by using mesh bags. Especially, changes in charge characteristics depended on initial biochar properties affected by feedstock and pyrolysis temperature and on soil properties affected by historic charcoal production. While the cation exchange capacity (CEC) markedly increased for both CD biochars during incubation, PC biochars showed no or only slight increases in CEC. Corresponding to the changes in CEC, ageing of biochars also increased the amount of acid functional groups with increases being in average about 2-fold higher in CD biochars than in PC biochars. Further and in contrast to other studies, the surface areas of biochars increased during ageing, likely due to ash leaching and degradation of tar residues. Changes in CEC and surface acidity of CD biochars were more pronounced after incubation in the control soil, while surface area increase was higher in the kiln soil. Since the two acidic forest soils used in this this study did not greatly differ in physical or chemical properties, the main process for inducing these differences in the buried biochar most likely is related to the differences in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Although the kiln soil contained about 50% more soil organic carbon due to the presence of charcoal

Natural radiation dose estimates from soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silveira, M.A.G.R.; Moreira, H.; Medina, N.H.

2009-01-01

In this work the natural radiation from soils of southeastern Brazil has been studied. Soil samples from Interlagos, Sao Paulo; parks and Billings dam, in Sao Bernardo do Campo city; Santos, Sao Vicente and Sao Sebastiao beaches, Sao Paulo and sands from Ilha Grande beaches, Rio de Janeiro, were analyzed. The results show that the main contribution to the effective dose is due to elements of the 232 Th decay chain, with a smaller contribution from the radionuclide 40 K and the elements of the series of 238 U. The obtained values found in the studied regions, are around the average international dose due to external exposure to gamma rays (0.48 mSv/yr), except in Praia Preta, Ilha Grande, where the effective dose exceeds the average value. (author)

Evaluation of mercury levels in sediment and soil samples from Vila Nova river basin, in Amapa State, Brazil, using radiochemical neutron activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves, C.; Favaro, D.I.T.; Vasconcellos, M.B.A.; Guimaraes, J.R.D.; Forti, M.C.

2000-01-01

Results from a survey on mercury concentration in sediments and soils from a gold mining area along the Vila Nova river, in Amapa State, Brazil, are presented. These values were compared with those from the Igarape Pedra Preta basin, an area unaffected by mining activities. Total mercury contents were determined in the muddy (silt+clay) fraction of the sediments and in the -1 for soils and 14 μg x kg -1 for sediments when 200 mg of sample were analysed. The Hg results obtained from a comparison between our current method (RNAA) and CV AAS are also presented. Mercury levels showed to be very high in the soils and sediments collected in the Vila Nova river (up to 2 mg x kg -1 ) when compared to background values (0.3 mg x kg -1 ) for this region. An enrichment factor was calculated, using Al as a normalizing factor. It showed values up to 8 in sediments of the Vila Nova river basin, indicating a relatively high degree of pollution as compared to the values of about 1 for the samples of the Igarape Pedra Preta basin. (author)

DOCE EM MASSA DE AMORA PRETA (RUBUS SPP: ANÁLISE SENSORIAL E DE FITOQUÍMICOS

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Andressa Carolina JACQUES

2010-06-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar doces em massas convencional e light de amora preta, avaliar sensorialmente os produtos e verifi car a alteração no conteúdo de fi toquímicos devido ao processo de elaboração dos doces em massa. Utilizou-se a amora preta cv. Tupy, com a qual elaborou-se os doces, sendo uma formulação tradicional e três formulações light. Nas formulações light reduziu-se o teor de açúcares, adicionou-se os edulcorantes ciclamato e sacarina, e alterou-se a presença e quantidade de carboximetilcelulose e sorbitol. A formulação tradicional apresentou os maiores conteúdos em compostos fenólicos e de ácido ascórbico e a maior capacidade antioxidante; no entanto, apresentou a maior inversão de sacarose e o menor conteúdo de tocoferóis. Dentre as formulações de baixo valor calórico, a formulação light contendo apenas sorbitol foi a que apresentou maior retenção de compostos fenólicos, tocoferóis e ácido ascórbico. A formulação tradicional e a formulação light contendo sorbitol e carboximetilcelulose foram as mais aceitas sensorialmente.O doce que obteve a maior aceitação por parte dos julgadores foi a formulação tradicional.

Atividade anti-fúngica do neem e jurema-preta sobre cepas de Candida spp isolados de vacas com mastite subclínica no Estado de Pernambuco

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Andréia V. Pereira

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade anti-fungica (in vitro do neem (Azadiracta indica A. Juss. e de jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild Poir. sobre cepas de Candida spp. isoladas de casos de mastite subclínica em vacas no Estado de Pernambuco. As folhas do neem foram coletadas em árvores de fazendas do município de Patos-PB e a casca da jurema-preta foi coletada na UFCG, Campus de Patos e preparados extratos etanólicos. As amostras de Candida spp. foram coletadas de leite de vacas com mastite subclínica e semeadas em placas de Petri contendo ágar-base acrescido de 5% de sangue desfibrinado de ovino Sabouraud. As placas foram incubadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37 ºC e a leitura foi realizada com 24 e 48 h. Os ensaios foram realizados em duplicata e o resultado final foi determinado pela média aritmética dos halos de inibição. A avaliação microbiológica destes ensaios demonstrou que o extrato da casca da jurema-preta apresentou atividade antifúngica bastante satisfatória sobre a levedura de C. albicans, proporcionando resultado superior aos obtidos com o extrato do neem e fluconazol.

Radioisotopes in soil science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kotur, S.C.

2004-01-01

Soils form a thin veneer of the Earth that sustain the entire flora and fauna of the terra firma. To that extent the soil as a natural resource is very precious and needs to be managed in a sustainable manner. The fate of degradation of pesticides in soil and build-up of heavy metals in the overall biosafety scenario is also studied gainfully using radioisotopes. Radioisotopes are a very potent tool in the hands of the Soil Scientists, perhaps, the most important among the peaceful applications in service of the mankind

Teor de Taninos Condensados Presente na Casca de Jurema-Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora em Função das Fenofases

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Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de Azevêdo

2017-07-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora, espécie típica do semiárido brasileiro, possui potencial para a produção de taninos vegetais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de taninos condensados na casca de jurema-preta em função das fenofases da planta. Assim, foram realizadas quatro coletas de acordo com o período agrícola, em agosto e dezembro de 2008 e em abril e agosto de 2009, na Fazenda Lameirão, Santa Terezinha, Paraíba, sendo coletadas 10 plantas por período, totalizando 40 plantas, das quais foram avaliadas a fenologia e nas quais foram realizadas as análises quanto ao teor de sólidos totais, índice de Stiasny e teor de taninos condensados na casca por período de coleta. Observou-se que a fenologia das plantas influenciou no teor de taninos condensados, pois quando as árvores tinham frutos e flores apresentaram menor teor de taninos. Já na presença de folhas verdes foi observado maior teor de taninos condensados nas plantas.

Terra firma-forme dermatosis: a retrospective review of 31 patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Berk, David R

2012-01-01

Terra firma-forme dermatosis is an idiopathic condition characterized by acquired, dirtlike plaques despite normal hygiene. A diagnosis can be reached by removing lesions with gentle alcohol swabbing. Although Terra firma-forme dermatosis was first described more than 20 years ago and is thought to be not uncommon in clinical practice, it has never been systematically studied. There are few publications about this condition, including no case series of more than six patients. In particular, little is known about the incidence, peak age groups, and most common locations of Terra firma-forme dermatosis. A retrospective review was conducted to identify cases of Terra firma-forme dermatosis in a single-provider practice consisting of 55% pediatric and 45% adult patients. Thirty-one patients with Terra firma-forme dermatosis were identified, including 10 who presented with Terra firma-forme dermatosis as their primary concern. Only two patients were older than 17 years. The median duration of lesions was 4 months. The most common lesion locations were the neck, ankles, and face. Before presenting to the dermatology clinic, three patients had undergone endocrine evaluations, and four had been prescribed topical corticosteroids. Terra firma-forme dermatosis is relatively common and most often occurs in children on the neck or posterior malleolus. This series exemplifies the importance of recognizing Terra firma-forme dermatosis so as to provide rapid relief for patients and avoid unnecessary tests and treatments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Development of vertical drilling apparatus (Terra-Drill); Entwicklung eines Vertikal-Bohrgeraets (Terra-Drill) - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jenne, D.

2009-05-15

This well-illustrated final report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) reports on the development of a vertical drilling apparatus named Terra-Drill. The various stages of the development of the apparatus, which is based on earlier designs, is discussed. New norms issued in Germany for the size of boreholes for buried vertical heat-exchangers and the appropriate linings to be used are discussed. The new Terra Drill 4407 V drilling apparatus and its testing are discussed. The drill is quoted as being particularly suitable for cramped locations. Technical details are presented and a comprehensive collection of photographs is included. Various preliminary reports and development documentation are included.

Adubação nitrogenada e características agronômicas em amoreira-preta

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Ivan dos Santos Pereira

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses crescentes de nitrogênio sobre o crescimento vegetativo, a produção e os níveis foliares de nutrientes da amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.. O experimento foi realizado com as cultivares Tupy e Xavante, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de 2008 a 2012. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de cinco doses de N (0,0, 7,5, 15,0, 22,5 e 30,0 g por planta, aplicados na adubação de manutenção, após a implantação da lavoura. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: densidade de hastes, massa de matéria seca de poda, índice de clorofila, produção por planta, número de frutos e composição nutricional das folhas (N, K, Ca, Mg e S. A adubação nitrogenada influenciou significativamente o crescimento vegetativo, a produção e a composição nutricional das folhas. As cultivares apresentaram resposta distinta à aplicação de N, em que 'Tupy' foi mais exigente que 'Xavante'. As doses de N atualmente recomendadas para a cultura da amoreira-preta são satisfatórias para a máxima produção de 'Xavante', mas insuficientes para 'Tupy'.

Produtividade de vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha cultivadas em sucessão a mucuna preta e feijão de porco

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D.G. MOREIRA

2016-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O uso de adubos verdes e/ou de plantas de cobertura é uma técnica que vem sendo difundida para o cultivo de espécies medicinais, por garantir a sustentabilidade do solo agrícola, ser flexível em seu uso e por melhorar a atividade biológica do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o uso de culturas de cobertura para incrementar a produção de massa de plantas de vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha. Foram avaliadas duas espécies de leguminosas tropicais (mucuna preta e feijão de porco como cobertura do solo e uma testemunha (sem cultura de cobertura e três espécies medicinais (vinagreira, pimenta rosa e carobinha. O experimento foi arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas as coberturas vegetais e nas subparcelas, as plantas medicinais. As plantas para a cobertura vegetal foram propagadas por semeadura direta no local de cultivo, enquanto as medicinais foram transplantadas diretamente entre a palhada da cobertura vegetal. A produção da mucuna preta foi de 8,37 t ha-1 de massa seca e do feijão de porco, de 14,37 t ha-1 de massa seca. O uso das culturas de cobertura contribuiu para uma maior biomassa microbiana do solo. As produções de massas frescas de folhas, caules e frutos de vinagreira e de frutos da pimenta rosa foram maiores quando cultivadas em sucessão às coberturas vegetais do solo, independente da espécie. As produções da carobinha foram semelhantes quando cultivadas em áreas com ou sem a cobertura. Visando à maior produtividade da vinagreira e pimenta rosa, são indicadas as culturas antecessoras feijão de porco e mucuna preta.

DPSIR analysis of land and soil degradation in response to changes in land use Análisis DPSIR de la degradación de suelos y territorio como respuesta a cambios en el uso del territorio Análise DPSIR da degradação do solo e da terra em resposta às mudanças no uso da terra

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Jaume Porta

2011-11-01

Full Text Available

In this paper we analyze the causal chain, from the driving forces to the state, impacts and system responses, for several present and past human activities related to land use and land degradation. The DPSIR framework approach is used for analysing and assessing land degradation problems within a comprehensive view of interactions between human society and the environment. With this approach, land use, land and soil degradation in several parts of the world (Mexico, Spain and Togo are analyzed in relation to different land use types: the beginning of irrigation in the 1860’s in a semiarid zone with calcareous soils in North-eastern Spain; influence of the land utilization type (LUT on land degradation in Mexico; soil erosion and reservoir siltation as a global problem (Spain and Mexico; and the protective effects against degradation when soil is considered as a sacred area in Togo. These analyses allow us to learn from the past and could help us to develop strategies to prevent land and soil degradation. This approach provides a useful insight for a systematic analysis when trying to understand the causes of land and soil degradation in response to changes in land use.

 

Este artículo analiza los vínculos entre las fuerzas motrices de la degradación del suelo y del territorio, presión, estado, impactos y respuestas (marco DPSIR para analizar y evaluar problemas de degradación de tierras en el marco de las interacciones entre la sociedad humana y el medio ambiente. Con este enfoque, el uso del suelo, y la degradación del suelo y las tierras en varias partes del mundo (España, México y Togo se analizan en relación con diferentes tipos de uso de la tierra: el inicio del riego en 1860 en una zona semiárida con suelos calizos en España; influencia del tipo de utilización de tierras (LUT sobre la degradación de las tierras en México; la erosión del suelo

Evidence for volcanism in NW Ishtar Terra, Venus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaddis, L.; Greeley, R.

1989-01-01

Venera 15/16 radar data for an area in NW Ishtar Terra, Venus, show an area with moderate radar return and a smooth textured surface which embays low lying areas of the surrounding mountainous terrain. Although this unit may be an extension of the lava plains of Lakshmi Planum to the southeast, detailed study suggests a separate volcanic center in NW Ishtar Terra. Lakshmi Planum, on the Ishtar Terra highland, exhibits major volcanic and tectonic features. On the Venera radar image radar brightness is influenced by slope and roughness; radar-facing slopes (east-facing) and rough surfaces (approx. 8 cm average relief) are bright, while west-facing slopes and smooth surfaces are dark. A series of semi-circular features, apparently topographic depressions, do not conform in orientation to major structural trends in this region of NW Ishtar Terra. The large depression in NW Ishtar Terra is similar to the calderas of Colette and Sacajawea Paterae, as all three structures are large irregular depressions. NW Ishtar Terra appears to be the site of a volcanic center with a complex caldera structure, possibly more than one eruptive vent, and associated lobed flows at lower elevations. The morphologic similarity between this volcanic center and those of Colette and Sacajawea suggests that centralized eruptions have been the dominant form of volcanism in Ishtar. The location of this volcanic center at the intersection of two major compressional mountain belts and the large size of the calders (with an inferred larg/deep magma source) support a crustal thickening/melting rather than a hot-spot origin for these magmas

Bilateral topographic symmetry patterns across Aphrodite Terra, Venus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crumpler, L.S.; Head, J.W.

1988-01-01

Western Aphrodite Terra, Venus, is characterized by a series of parallel linear structural discontinuities 2000--4000 km in length and 100--200 km wide, which strike at high angles to the general topographic trend of the Aphrodite Terra highlands. The broad chracteristics of the cross-strike discontinuities (CSDs) are similar to both strike-slip fault zones and terrestrial oceanic fracture zones. In an effort to distinguish between these two hypotheses, topographic profiles were taken across Aphrodite Terra to test for bilateral symmetry of the type associated with thermal boundary layer topography at divergent plate boundaries on Earth. In addition to a broad bilateral symmetry at a range of angles across Aphrodite Terra, detailed bilateral symmetry is observed within domains between linear discontinuities in directions generally parallel to the strike of the discontinuities. In addition, within a domain the centers of symmetry of several profiles define a linear rise crest that is oriented normal to the bounding CSDs and terminates against them

Terra firma-forme dermatosis

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Emel Erkek

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Terra firma-forme dermatosis is characterized by ′dirty′ brown-grey cutaneous patches and plaques that can simply be eradicated by forceful swabbing with alcohol pads. The pathogenesis has been attributed to abnormal and delayed keratinization. Although affected patients present with typical lesions, the disorder is not well-known by dermatologists. In this report, we describe two patients with terra firma-forme dermatosis in the setting of xerosis cutis and atopic dermatitis. From a clinical point of view, we lay emphasis on its unique expression and diagnosis/treatment. From a histological perspective, we highlight its resemblance to dermatosis neglecta and speculate on the role of ′neglect′ in a patient with seemingly adequate hygiene. The role of urea containing emollients in the development of this disorder remains to be determined.

Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Caiqin; Shen, Fengxian; Zhu, Yuning; Fang, Yuying; Lu, Shiming

2017-04-01

Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) participates in the regulation of telomere length, and leucocyte telomere length (LTL) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but little is known about the role of TERRA in PCOS. To evaluate the role of TERRA and peripheral blood LTL in PCOS. Forty women with PCOS and 35 healthy women without PCOS were recruited. A prospective case-control study was performed. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect TERRA expression in peripheral blood leucocyte. Quantitative PCR was used to measure TERRA expression and the mean LTL in the PCOS and control groups. We analysed the association between related clinical parameters and the age-adjusted ratio of the telomere repeat length (T/S ratio) or TERRA. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA was expressed in human peripheral blood leucocytes, and the signal was abolished after culture with RNase A. The age-adjusted LTLs were significantly longer in the PCOS group than in the control group (P PCOS group than in the control group (P PCOS group (r = 0·532, P = 0·002; r = -0·477, P = 0·017). We found TERRA expression in human peripheral blood leucocytes, and LTLs were positively associated with PCOS. TERRA and testosterone play an important role in the LTL regulation in PCOS. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Terra Harvest software architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Humeniuk, Dave; Klawon, Kevin

2012-06-01

Under the Terra Harvest Program, the DIA has the objective of developing a universal Controller for the Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) community. The mission is to define, implement, and thoroughly document an open architecture that universally supports UGS missions, integrating disparate systems, peripherals, etc. The Controller's inherent interoperability with numerous systems enables the integration of both legacy and future UGS System (UGSS) components, while the design's open architecture supports rapid third-party development to ensure operational readiness. The successful accomplishment of these objectives by the program's Phase 3b contractors is demonstrated via integration of the companies' respective plug-'n'-play contributions that include controllers, various peripherals, such as sensors, cameras, etc., and their associated software drivers. In order to independently validate the Terra Harvest architecture, L-3 Nova Engineering, along with its partner, the University of Dayton Research Institute, is developing the Terra Harvest Open Source Environment (THOSE), a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) running on an embedded Linux Operating System. The Use Cases on which the software is developed support the full range of UGS operational scenarios such as remote sensor triggering, image capture, and data exfiltration. The Team is additionally developing an ARM microprocessor-based evaluation platform that is both energy-efficient and operationally flexible. The paper describes the overall THOSE architecture, as well as the design decisions for some of the key software components. Development process for THOSE is discussed as well.

Produção da amoreira-preta 'Tupy' sob diferentes épocas de poda Productive of 'Tupy' blackberry under different pruning time

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Marcelo Angelo Campagnolo

2012-02-01

Full Text Available A amora-preta é uma opção importante para fruticultura paranaense, porém não há informações a respeito do cultivo dessa frutífera nas condições subtropicais do Estado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da época de poda na produção da amoreira-preta 'Tupy'. O trabalho foi realizado em um pomar comercial, conduzido em sistema agroecológico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e seis tratamentos (podas quinzenais realizadas durante o inverno. Em cada parcela, constituída de três plantas úteis, foram coletados dados fenológicos, produtivos e físico-químicos no ciclo de produção 2008/09 e 2009/10. Podas efetuadas no início de julho são as mais indicadas e podas tardias podem prejudicar o desempenho produtivo das amoreiras-pretas 'Tupy' no oeste do Paraná.The blackberry is an important option to fruit growers in Paraná State. However, there aren't trials performed in subtropical area in that State. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pruning time effects at season production of 'Tupy' blackberry. The research was conducted in a commercial orchard, in an agroecological system. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four blocks and six treatments (pruning time by fifteen days during the winter pruning. In each plot, which was consisted of three plants, it was collected phenological, productive and physical-chemical production cycle in 2008/09 and 2009/10. Pruning made in early July are the most suitable and late pruning can harm the productive performance of blackberry 'Tupy' in western Paraná.

Alleviating soil acidity through plant organic compounds

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Anderson R. Meda

2001-06-01

Full Text Available A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water soluble plant extracts on soil acidity. The plant materials were: black oat, oil seed radish, white and blue lupin, gray and dwarf mucuna, Crotalaria spectabilis and C. breviflora, millet, pigeon pea, star grass, mato grosso grass, coffee leaves, sugar cane leaves, rice straw, and wheat straw. Plant extracts were added on soil surface in a PVC soil column at a rate of 1.0 ml min-1. Both soil and drainage water were analyzed for pH, Ca, Al, and K. Plant extracts applied on the soil surface increased soil pH, exchangeable Ca ex and Kex and decreased Al ex. Oil seed radish, black oat, and blue lupin were the best and millet the worst materials to alleviate soil acidity. Oil seed radish markedly increased Al in the drainage water. Chemical changes were associated with the concentrations of basic cations in the plant extract: the higher the concentration the greater the effects in alleviating soil acidity.Foram conduzidos experimentos de laboratórios para avaliar os efeitos de extratos de plantas solúveis em água na acidez do solo. Os materiais de plantas foram: aveia preta, nabo, tremoço branco e azul, mucuna cinza e anã, Crotalaria spectabilis e C. breviflora, milheto, guandu, grama estrela, grama mato grosso, folhas de café, folhas de cana-de-açúcar, palhada de arroz e palhada de trigo. Foi utilizado o seguinte procedimento para o extrato da planta solúvel em água: pesar 3g de material de planta, adicionar 150 ml de água, agitar por 8h e filtrar. Os extratos de plantas foram adicionados na superfície do solo em uma coluna de PVC (1 ml min-1. Após, adicionou-se água deionizada em quantidade equivalente a três volumes de poros. Os extratos de plantas aumentaram o pH, Ca e K trocável e diminuíram Al. Nabo, aveia preta e tremoço azul foram os melhores e milheto o pior material para amenizar a acidez do solo. Nabo aumentou Al na água de drenagem. As altera

Seleção de acessos de tomateiro resistentes à pinta-preta pela análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença

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Bruno Soares Laurindo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar acessos resistentes à pinta-preta (Alternaria tomatophila por meio da análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença em tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum. Foram avaliados 134 acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, além das testemunhas suscetíveis 'Débora' e 'Santa Clara'. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma mistura de conídios de diferentes isolados de Alternaria spp. e avaliadas regularmente quanto à severidade da doença a cada três dias após a inoculação, no total de seis avaliações. Ajustou-se o modelo logístico aos dados de severidade da pinta-preta, e as estimativas obtidas para a incidência final da doença (B1 e a taxa de progresso da doença (B3 foram submetidas à análise de variância multivariada (Manova. As médias dessas estimativas, para cada acesso, foram submetidas à análise de agrupamento. Foram formados 24 grupos distintos com base no agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença, o que possibilitou identificar os acessos BGH-2143, BGH-2235, BGH-2270 e BGH-2118 de tomateiro como potenciais fontes de resistência à pinta-preta.

Simulations with COSMO-CLM over Turin including TERRA-URB parameterization

Science.gov (United States)

Bucchignani, Edoardo; Mercogliano, Paola; Milelli, Massimo; Raffa, Mario

2017-04-01

The increase of built surfaces constitutes the main reason for the formation of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), since urban canyons block the release of the reflected radiation. The main contribution to the formation of UHIs is the missing night-cooling of horizontal surfaces, together with cloudless sky and light winds. Of course, there is also a contribution from indoor heating, vehicles presence, and waste heat from air conditioning and refrigeration systems. The COSMO-CLM model, even at high resolution, is currently not able to cope with this effect. Nevertheless, the increase of applications in which a high number of grid points is located over urban areas, requires that COSMO-CLM becomes able to take into account also urban climate features. In fact, they are crucial for better forecast of temperature and for a better characterization of the local patterns of several atmospherical variables (wind, surface fluxes). Recently TERRA-URB, a bulk parameterisation scheme with a prescribed anthropogenic heat flux, has been incorporated into COSMO-CLM for the standard land-surface module TERRA-ML. It offers an intrinsic representation of the urban physics with modifications of input data, soil module and land atmospheric interactions. In the first half of July 2015, Piemonte region and Turin in particular experienced extreme temperature values and uncomfortable conditions for the population. In Turin, the maximum temperature since 1990 (38.5°) has been recorded in July 2015. Ground stations data highlighted the presence of a UHI effect over Turin. This is the reason why this area and this period represent a suitable benchmark to test the capabilities of COSMO-CLM, and in particular of the urban parameterization. The computational domain considered is centered over Turin, discretized with 100 x 100 grid-points, employing a spatial resolution of 0.009° (about 1 km). The ECMWF IFS analysis at 0.075° have been used as forcing data. Two simulations have been performed over

Results of Statewide TerraNova Testing, Fall 1998.

Science.gov (United States)

La Marca, Paul M.

This summary provides key findings about state, district, and school level performance on the TerraNova examinations (CTB/McGraw Hill) in Nevada in 1998-1999. The TerraNova tests are used to assess students in grades 4, 8, and 10 as stipulated by Nevada law. Within this summary, a description of performance as measured by national percentile…

Challenges of linking scientific knowledge to river basin management policy: AquaTerra as a case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slob, A.F.L.; Rijnveld, M.; Chapman, A.S.; Strosser, P.

2007-01-01

The EU Project AquaTerra generates knowledge about the river-soil-sediment-groundwater system and delivers scientific information of value for river basin management. In this article, the use and ignorance of scientific knowledge in decision making is explored by a theoretical review. We elaborate on the 'two-communities theory', which explains the problems of the policy-science interface by relating and comparing the different cultures, contexts, and languages of researchers and policy makers. Within AquaTerra, the EUPOL subproject examines the policy-science interface with the aim of achieving a good connection between the scientific output of the project and EU policies. We have found two major barriers, namely language and resources, as well as two types of relevant relationships: those between different research communities and those between researchers and policy makers. - Using scientific output in River Basin Management requires researchers and policy makers to acknowledge the multiple rationalities and different viewpoints that are brought in by the variety of stakeholders involved

Aplicação superficial de diferentes fontes de corretivos no crescimento radicular e produtividade da aveia preta Surface application by different lime source in root growth and yield of black oat

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Juliano Corulli Corrêa

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Em solos ácidos, a prática da calagem superficial favorece o crescimento radicular, principalmente na superfície do solo, bem como a produtividade das culturas em condições normais de precipitação pluviométrica. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a adoção desta prática e suas eventuais ações, no solo e nas plantas, em relação a outras fontes de corretivos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação superficial de diferentes corretivos nos atributos químicos do solo, no crescimento radicular, da parte aérea e na produtividade da aveia preta. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em campo sobre Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, durante o ano agrícola de 2004, dois anos após a aplicação superficial dos corretivos, no sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos constituíram da aplicação superficial de calcário dolomítico, escoria de aciaria - E, lama cal - Lcal, lodo de esgoto centrifugado - LC e sem aplicação de corretivo, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A aplicação superficial de calcário, escória de aciaria, lama cal, lodo de esgoto centrifugado permitiu o aumento nos valores de pH, no teor de Ca, na maior disponibilidade de P e na redução dos teores de Al no solo. O crescimento do sistema radicular, o desenvolvimento da parte aérea e a produtividade da aveia preta foram incrementados com a aplicação superficial dos corretivos de acidez no sistema plantio direto.Surface lime application to an acid soil under no-till system and normal rainfall conditions increases yield and crop root growth near the soil surface, but the effects of lime sources like flue dust, sewage sludge and aqueous lime have not been fully investigated . The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of surface application of different lime sources on soil chemical attributes of a clayey, dystrophic Oxisol and black oat root growth and yield under a no-till system. Evaluations were conducted two years after the

Terra Reversa. The transition to fair sustainability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, P.T.; De Meyere, V.

2009-01-01

Terra Reversa tells how to reverse present policy by means of integrating transition management and the 4E-model (Energy-Economy-Environment-Engineering) into a new vision for the transition to a socially fair, ecologically sustainable and economically stable model for our society. The question is whether one is willing to leave the beaten path. Terra Reversa is an argument to opt for a Green New Deal XL (a number of proposals to combat climate change) [nl

INFLUÊNCIA DO CULTIVO CONSORCIADO DE AVEIA PRETA (AVENA STRIGOSA SCHIEB. E ERVILHACA COMUM (VICIA SATIVA L. NA PRODUÇÃO DE FITOMASSA E NO APORTE DE NITROGÊNIO INFLUENCE OF INTERCROPPED COMMON VETCH (VICIA SATIVA L. AND NAKED OAT (AVENA STRIGOSA ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN ADDITION

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R. Heinrichs

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Em um Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo e sob preparo convencional, foi avaliada a influência de proporções de sementes de ervilhaca (Vicia sativa L. e de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schieb. cultivadas em consórcio, na produção de fitomassa e no aporte de nitrogênio no sistema. O experimento foi implantado em solo podzolico vermelho amarelo, de Santa Maria, RS. Os tratamentos foram casualizados em quatro blocos, constituindo-se de: 1- 100% Ervilhaca comum (E; 2- 90% E + 10% Aveia preta (A; 3- 75% E + 25% A; 4- 50% E + 50% A; 5- 25% E + 75% A; 6- 100% A; 7- pousio de inverno. A amostragem da fitomassa das coberturas verdes foi efetuada na ocasião do pleno florescimento em área de 0,8m2 por parcela. Os resultados evidenciaram que a aveia preta e a ervilhaca comum podem ser consorciadas, beneficiando assim, a produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nitrogênio.The effect of intercropping common vetch (Vicia sativa L. with naked oat (Avena strigosa Schieb. at different seed proportions was evaluated. The trial was set up on a Red Yellow Podzolic soil of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The treatments were the following: 1- 100% E (common vetch; 2- 90% E + 10% A (naked oat; 3- 75% E + 25% A; 4- 50% E + 50% A; 5- 25% E + 75% A; 6- 100% A; 7- fall tillage organized in four randomized blocks. Biomass production was evaluated at the flowering stage in an area of 0.8 m2 per plot. Data show that both species can be intercropped which is beneficial to biomass production and nitrogen accumulation.

Identification of new genomospecies in the Mycobacterium terrae complex.

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Yun Fong Ngeow

Full Text Available Members of the Mycobacterium terrae complex are slow-growing, non-chromogenic acid-fast bacilli found in the natural environment and occasionally in clinical material. These genetically closely-related members are difficult to differentiate by conventional phenotypic and molecular tests. In this paper we describe the use of whole genome data for the identification of four strains genetically similar to Mycobacterium sp. JDM601, a newly identified member of the M. terrae complex. Phylogenetic information from the alignment of genome-wide orthologous genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms show consistent clustering of the four strains together with M. sp. JDM601 into a distinct clade separate from other rapid and slow growing mycobacterial species. More detailed inter-strain comparisons using average nucleotide identity, tetra-nucleotide frequencies and analysis of synteny indicate that our strains are closely related to but not of the same species as M. sp. JDM601. Besides the 16S rRNA signature described previously for the M. terrae complex, five more hypothetical proteins were found that are potentially useful for the rapid identification of mycobacterial species belonging to the M. terrae complex. This paper illustrates the versatile utilization of whole genome data for the delineation of new bacterial species and introduces four new genomospecies to add to current members in the M. terrae complex.

Taxas de decomposição e de liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de aveia preta em plantio direto Decomposition rate and nutrient release of oat straw used as mulching in no-till system

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Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A palhada das plantas de cobertura mantida sobre o solo em plantio direto é uma reserva importante de nutrientes a ser liberada para as culturas subseqüentes, principalmente em regiões de clima tropical, devido às altas taxas de decomposição dos resíduos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em condições de campo, durante 1998, no Município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, na Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de decomposição e a velocidade de liberação de macronutrientes da palhada de aveia preta, na Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As plantas foram manejadas aos trinta dias após a emergência. A persistência de palhada e a liberação de nutrientes do resíduo de aveia preta foram avaliadas 0, 13, 35 e 53 dias após a rolagem e dessecação. A taxa de decomposição da aveia foi constante (restando 34% do teor inicial e inversamente proporcional à relação C/N com valor inicial de 34 e final de 50. A maior parte do K é liberada logo após o manejo da aveia preta, restando na última coleta apenas 2% do teor inicial. N, P, Ca e S são liberados de forma gradual, restando na última avaliação, respectivamente, 55%, 42%, 48% e 47% da quantidade acumulada. O K seguido do N são os nutrientes disponibilizados em maior quantidade no solo, atingindo máxima velocidade de liberação entre 10 e 20 dias após o manejo da fitomassa de aveia preta.Plant residues left on soil surface in no-tillage systems are an important source of nutrients for the following crops, particularly under tropical climate, in which high residue decomposition rates shorten their persistence. The objective of this research work was to evaluate black oat decomposition and release of nutrients. The experiment was carried out during the 1998 cropping season in an experimental area located in Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. A

10 years of Terra Outreach over the Internet

Science.gov (United States)

Yuen, K.; Riebeek, H.; Chambers, L. H.

2009-12-01

1 Author Yuen, Karen JPL (818) 393-7716 2 Author Riebeek, Holli Sigma Space Corporation (department) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Institution), Greenbelt, Maryland 3 Author Chambers, Lin NASA Abstract: Since launch, Terra has returned about 195 gigabytes (level 0) of data per day or 1 terabyte every 5 days. Few outlets were able to accommodate and quickly share that amount of information as well as the Internet. To honor the 10-year anniversary of the launch of Terra, we would like to highlight the education and outreach efforts of the Terra mission on the Internet and its reach to the science attentive public. The Internet or web has been the primary way of delivering Terra content to different groups- from formal and informal education to general public outreach. Through the years, many different web-based projects have been developed, and they were of service to a growing population of the science attentive public. One of Terra’s original EPO activities was the Earth Observatory. It was initially dedicated to telling the remote sensing story of Terra, but quickly grew to include science and imagery from other sensors. The web site allowed for collaboration across NASA centers, universities and other organizations by exchanging and sharing of story ideas, news and images. The award winning Earth Observatory helped pave the way for the more recently funded development of the Climate Change website. With its specific focus on climate change studies, once again, Terra stories and images are shared with an even more specific audience base. During the last 10 years, Terra as a mission has captured the imagination of the public through its visually stunning and artistically arresting images. With its five instruments of complementary but unique capabilities, the mission gave the world not just pretty pictures, but scientific data-based images. The world was able to see from space everything from calving icebergs to volcanic eruption plumes and the eye of a

Cócs. Hallmark of the Terra Alta

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Maria Del Loreto Meix

2004-04-01

Full Text Available This article looks at the traditional cake making in the Terra Alta (Catalonien area linked to festivities, and in particular the pastries usually made. In this area the pastries are known as cócs, a word common to Terra Alta and the neighbouring districts of Ribera d'Ebre and the Priorat. Locally produced mistelle, sweet or rancid wine is served with the pastries. Nowadays, the bakeries and cake makers in the area's towns and villages also produce traditionally crafted products, that used only to be homemade.The article, resulting from the final degree project produced by the author for her Humanities degree at the UOC, offers a privileged look at the richness of the Terra Alta in terms of its gastronomic history, customs and its high regard for its cakes. The author, who has previous experience in the field, places the specific aspects of Terra Alta cake making in the context of the Mediterranean cultures with common roots dating back to the ancient and medieval worlds and which still have an easily identifiable "family feel", whilst looking, from an ethnographic point of view, at what she calls the "world of wheat" in the area, (the dough for bread, the craft of the baker, the ovens and other tools, and the associated traditions, among other things. In short, she rescues a living part of the local day-to-day activities and places it under the microscope of food history, whilst providing information that may well be of interest for study from other points of view.

Deserts in the Deluge: TerraPopulus and Big Human-Environment Data.

Science.gov (United States)

Manson, S M; Kugler, T A; Haynes, D

2016-01-01

Terra Populus, or TerraPop, is a cyberinfrastructure project that integrates, preserves, and disseminates massive data collections describing characteristics of the human population and environment over the last six decades. TerraPop has made a number of GIScience advances in the handling of big spatial data to make information interoperable between formats and across scientific communities. In this paper, we describe challenges of these data, or 'deserts in the deluge' of data, that are common to spatial big data more broadly, and explore computational solutions specific to microdata, raster, and vector data models.

Adubação nitrogenada na aveia preta. I - Influência na produção de matéria seca e ciclagem de nutrientes sob sistema plantio direto Black oat biomass and nutrient cycling as affected by nitrogen fertilization in soil under no-tillage

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A. Santi

2003-12-01

ção nitrogenada. A relação C/N dos resíduos produzidos diminuiu, aproximadamente, em uma unidade a cada 10 kg ha-1 de N aplicados na aveia. Portanto, a adubação nitrogenada, além de proporcionar maior ciclagem de nutrientes, foi uma eficiente estratégia para melhorar a quantidade e a qualidade dos resíduos de aveia preta aportados ao solo no sistema plantio direto.The performance of no-tillage systems depends, among other factors, on the quantity and quality of residues added to the soil. In Southern Brazil, the main cover crop anteceding summer crops is black oat (Avena strigosa, Schieb. The growth of this grass is often limited by N deficiency. In this situation, nitrogen fertilization is a possible option to increase the efficiency of this cover crop in no-tillage systems. Main goal of this study was the evaluation of effects of N rates applied on black oat and biomass production, the amount of nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, as well as the C/N ratio in the produced residues. The experiment was carried out during 1998, 1999, and 2000 at the Federal University of Santa Maria, on the experimental area of the Soil Science Department, Santa Maria county, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, on a typic Hapludalf with a sandy loam A horizon and 19 g kg-1 organic matter. The experimental layout was a completely randomized block design in four replicates, with treatments that consisted in seven N rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 kg ha-1 applied to the black oat. Urea, used as N source, was spread out manually and in up to four split applications. Lime, P and K fertilization, based on crop needs, was applied at constant rates in all treatments. Nitrogen fertilization of black oat gave rise to a quadratic response in biomass production and nutrient contents stored in the oat shoots, while N responded linearly. The plant N recovery was low (around 33 % of the total N applied in a three year average. Under the highest N dose, the amounts of recycled P and K was 70 and 88

Characterizing post-drainage succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI data

Science.gov (United States)

Regmi, Prajna; Grosse, Guido; Jones, Miriam C.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Walter Anthony, Katey

2012-01-01

Drained thermokarst lake basins accumulate significant amounts of soil organic carbon in the form of peat, which is of interest to understanding carbon cycling and climate change feedbacks associated with thermokarst in the Arctic. Remote sensing is a tool useful for understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of drained basins. In this study, we tested the application of high-resolution X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of the German TerraSAR-X satellite from the 2009 growing season (July–September) for characterizing drained thermokarst lake basins of various age in the ice-rich permafrost region of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. To enhance interpretation of patterns identified in X-band SAR for these basins, we also analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image acquired on July 2009 and compared both X-band SAR and NDVI data with observations of basin age. We found significant logarithmic relationships between (a) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, (b) Landat-5 TM NDVI and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, and (c) TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 50 to 10,000 years. NDVI was a better indicator of basin age over a period of 0–10,000 years. However, TerraSAR-X data performed much better for discriminating radiocarbon-dated basins (50–10,000 years old). No clear relationships were found for either backscatter or NDVI and basin age from 0 to 50 years. We attribute the decreasing trend of backscatter and NDVI with increasing basin age to post-drainage changes in the basin surface. Such changes include succession in vegetation, soils, hydrology, and renewed permafrost aggradation, ground ice accumulation and localized frost heave. Results of this study show the potential application of X-band SAR data in combination with NDVI data to map long-term succession dynamics of drained thermokarst lake basins.

Characterizing Post-Drainage Succession in Thermokarst Lake Basins on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska with TerraSAR-X Backscatter and Landsat-based NDVI Data

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Prajna Regmi

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Drained thermokarst lake basins accumulate significant amounts of soil organic carbon in the form of peat, which is of interest to understanding carbon cycling and climate change feedbacks associated with thermokarst in the Arctic. Remote sensing is a tool useful for understanding temporal and spatial dynamics of drained basins. In this study, we tested the application of high-resolution X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR data of the German TerraSAR-X satellite from the 2009 growing season (July–September for characterizing drained thermokarst lake basins of various age in the ice-rich permafrost region of the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska. To enhance interpretation of patterns identified in X-band SAR for these basins, we also analyzed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI calculated from a Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image acquired on July 2009 and compared both X-band SAR and NDVI data with observations of basin age. We found significant logarithmic relationships between (a TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, (b Landat-5 TM NDVI and basin age from 0 to 10,000 years, and (c TerraSAR-X backscatter and basin age from 50 to 10,000 years. NDVI was a better indicator of basin age over a period of 0–10,000 years. However, TerraSAR-X data performed much better for discriminating radiocarbon-dated basins (50–10,000 years old. No clear relationships were found for either backscatter or NDVI and basin age from 0 to 50 years. We attribute the decreasing trend of backscatter and NDVI with increasing basin age to post-drainage changes in the basin surface. Such changes include succession in vegetation, soils, hydrology, and renewed permafrost aggradation, ground ice accumulation and localized frost heave. Results of this study show the potential application of X-band SAR data in combination with NDVI data to map long-term succession dynamics of drained thermokarst lake basins.

Terra Nova breaks new ground for alliances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghiselin, D.

1996-01-01

This paper reviews the development of alliances to help develop the Terra Nova oil and gas field in the offshore Atlantic areas of Canada. Largely attributed to BP, the strategic alliance concept got its start in the North Sea and on the North Slope of Alaska. BP saw it as the best way to take advantage of economy-of-scale, mitigate risk, and achieve outsourcing goals while retaining their core competencies. This paper reviews the methods of developing the alliances, the developing of a development plan for the Terra Nova field, and how the alliance plans to maximize the profittability of the operation for all involved

Las producciones de Terra Sigillata Altoimperial de Sisapo (La Bienvenida, Ciudad Real II. Terra Sigillata Hispánica

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Carmen Fernández Ochoa

1993-01-01

Full Text Available La Terra Sigillata Hispánica constituye el conjunto mejor representado en el marco de las producciones de vajilla fina romana proporcionadas por el yacimiento sisaponense. Presentamos en esta ocasión, el análisis de los ejemplares de fabricación hispana atendiendo a la distinción de los centros productores de que se abasteció este núcleo. Nuestro trabajo finaliza con una valoración global acerca de la evolución cronológica y comercial reflejada por las tres producciones de Terra Sigillata Altoimperial identificadas en el yacimiento: TSI, TSG y TSH, tras presentar las dos primeras en el anterior número de esta misma publicación.

Hydrothermal Carbonization: a feasible solution to convert biomass to soil?

Science.gov (United States)

Tesch, Walter; Tesch, Petra; Pfeifer, Christoph

2013-04-01

The erosion of fertile soil is a severe problem arising right after peak oil (Myers 1996). That this issue is not only a problem of arid countries is shown by the fact that even the European Commission defined certain milestones to address the problem of soil erosion in Europe (European Commission 2011). The application of bio-char produced by torrefaction or pyrolysis for the remediation, revegetation and restoration of depleted soils started to gain momentum recently (Rillig 2010, Lehmann 2011, Beesley 2011). Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising thermo-chemical process that can be applied to convert organic feedstock into fertile soil and water, two resources which are of high value in regions being vulnerable to erosion. The great advantage of HTC is that organic feedstock (e.g. organic waste) can be used without any special pretreatment (e.g. drying) and so far no restrictions have been found regarding the composition of the organic matter. By applying HTC the organic material is processed along a defined pathway in the Van Krevelen plot (Behrendt 2006). By stopping the process at an early stage a nutritious rich material can be obtained, which is known to be similar to terra preta. Considering that HTC-coal is rich in functional groups and can be derived from the process under "wet" conditions, it can be expected that it shall allow soil bacteria to settle more easily compared to the bio-char derived by torrefaction or pyrolysis. In addition, up to 10 tons process water per ton organic waste can be gained (Vorlop 2009). Thus, as organic waste, loss of fertile soil and water scarcity becomes a serious issue within the European Union, hydrothermal carbonization can provide a feasible solution to address these issues of our near future. The presentation reviews the different types of feedstock investigated for the HTC-Process so far and gives an overview on the current stage of development of this technology. References Beesley L., Moreno-Jiménez E

Bringing Terra Science to the People: 10 years of education and public outreach

Science.gov (United States)

Riebeek, H.; Chambers, L. H.; Yuen, K.; Herring, D.

2009-12-01

The default image on Apple's iPhone is a blue, white, green and tan globe: the Blue Marble. The iconic image was produced using Terra data as part of the mission's education and public outreach efforts. As far-reaching and innovative as Terra science has been over the past decade, Terra education and public outreach efforts have been equally successful. This talk will provide an overview of Terra's crosscutting education and public outreach projects, which have reached into educational facilities—classrooms, museums, and science centers, across the Internet, and into everyday life. The Earth Observatory web site was the first web site designed for the public that told the unified story of what we can learn about our planet from all space-based platforms. Initially conceived as part of Terra mission outreach in 1999, the web site has won five Webby awards, the highest recognition a web site can receive. The Visible Earth image gallery is a catalogue of NASA Earth imagery that receives more than one million page views per month. The NEO (NASA Earth Observations) web site and WMS (web mapping service) tool serves global data sets to museums and science centers across the world. Terra educational products, including the My NASA Data web service and the Students' Cloud Observations Online (S'COOL) project, bring Terra data into the classroom. Both projects target multiple grade levels, ranging from elementary school to graduate school. S'COOL uses student observations of clouds to help validate Terra data. Students and their parents have puzzled over weekly "Where on Earth" geography quizzes published on line. Perhaps the most difficult group to reach is the large segment of the public that does not seek out science information online or in a science museum or classroom. To reach these people, EarthSky produced a series of podcasts and radio broadcasts that brought Terra science to more than 30 million people in 2009. Terra imagery, including the Blue Marble, have

Avaliação de sistemas de terras

OpenAIRE

Pita, Fernando Jorge

2016-01-01

Conseguir o valor ótimo de terra é fundamental para a segurança e eficiência de uma instalação elétrica. Muitos profissionais têm dificuldade em determinar o método ideal e por vezes recorrem às tentativas, conseguindo na maioria dos casos o valor desejado espontaneamente sem perceber muito bem como o encontrou. Será importante compreender a influencia do solo, os vátios métodos para conseguir uma boa terra e como decidir quanto á profundidade dos elétrodos. Poderemos tendo em considera...

Climate, migration, and the local food security context: Introducing Terra Populus

Science.gov (United States)

Schlak, Allison M.; Kugler, Tracy A.

2016-01-01

Studies investigating the connection between environmental factors and migration are difficult to execute because they require the integration of microdata and spatial information. In this article, we introduce the novel, publically available data extraction system Terra Populus (TerraPop), which was designed to facilitate population-environment studies. We showcase the use of TerraPop by exploring variations in the climate-migration association in Burkina Faso and Senegal based on differences in the local food security context. Food security was approximated using anthropometric indicators of child stunting and wasting derived from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and linked to the TerraPop extract of climate and migration information. We find that an increase in heat waves was associated with a decrease in international migration from Burkina Faso, while excessive precipitation increased international moves from Senegal. Significant interactions reveal that the adverse effects of heat waves and droughts are strongly amplified in highly food insecure Senegalese departments. PMID:27974863

Desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja em função do grupo de maturação e tipo de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas

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Alencar Junior Zanon

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de cultivares de soja com diferentes grupos de maturação e tipos de crescimento em terras altas e terras baixas no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram conduzidas nove épocas de semeadura em Santa Maria (ambiente de terras altas e uma época de semeadura em Capão do Leão (ambiente de terras baixas durante os anos agrícolas 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, com 11 cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental em todos os experimentos foi blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas. Foi quantificada a duração, em ºC dia, do ciclo de desenvolvimento, da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva, e do período entre a data que ocorreu o início do florescimento e o número final de nós para todas as épocas e locais de semeadura. Houve redução da duração da fase reprodutiva, do ciclo total de desenvolvimento (exceto algumas cultivares semeadas em setembro, com o atraso da data de semeadura independentemente do grupo de maturação e tipo de crescimento. As semeaduras de setembro, janeiro e fevereiro promovem uma redução da fase vegetativa na maioria das cultivares quando comparadas com a época recomendada (novembro e dezembro. Cultivares indeterminadas apresentam um maior período de sobreposição das fases vegetativa e reprodutiva do que as cultivares determinadas em todas as épocas e locais de cultivo. O desenvolvimento da soja é similar quando cultivada em terras altas e terras baixas.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities along a pedo-hydrological gradient in a Central Amazonian terra firme forest.

Science.gov (United States)

de Oliveira Freitas, Rejane; Buscardo, Erika; Nagy, Laszlo; dos Santos Maciel, Alex Bruno; Carrenho, Rosilaine; Luizão, Regina C C

2014-01-01

Little attention has been paid to plant mutualistic interactions in the Amazon rainforest, and the general pattern of occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in these ecosystems is largely unknown. This study investigated AMF communities through their spores in soil in a 'terra firme forest' in Central Amazonia. The contribution played by abiotic factors and plant host species identity in regulating the composition, abundance and diversity of such communities along a topographic gradient with different soils and hydrology was also evaluated. Forty-one spore morphotypes were observed with species belonging to the genera Glomus and Acaulospora, representing 44 % of the total taxa. Soil texture and moisture, together with host identity, were predominant factors responsible for shaping AMF communities along the pedo-hydrological gradient. However, the variability within AMF communities was largely associated with shifts in the relative abundance of spores rather than changes in species composition, confirming that common AMF species are widely distributed in plant communities and all plants recruited into the forest are likely to be exposed to the dominant sporulating AMF species.

The TERRA-PNW Dataset: A New Source for Standardized Plant Trait, Forest Carbon Cycling, and Soil Properties Measurements from the Pacific Northwest US, 2000-2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Berner, L. T.; Law, B. E.

2015-12-01

Plant traits include physiological, morphological, and biogeochemical characteristics that in combination determine a species sensitivity to environmental conditions. Standardized, co-located, and geo-referenced species- and plot-level measurements are needed to address variation in species sensitivity to climate change impacts and for ecosystem process model development, parameterization and testing. We present a new database of plant trait, forest carbon cycling, and soil property measurements derived from multiple TERRA-PNW projects in the Pacific Northwest US, spanning 2000-2014. The database includes measurements from over 200 forest plots across Oregon and northern California, where the data were explicitly collected for scaling and modeling regional terrestrial carbon processes with models such as Biome-BGC and the Community Land Model. Some of the data are co-located at AmeriFlux sites in the region. The database currently contains leaf trait measurements (specific leaf area, leaf longevity, leaf carbon and nitrogen) from over 1,200 branch samples and 30 species, as well as plot-level biomass and productivity components, and soil carbon and nitrogen. Standardized protocols were used across projects, as summarized in an FAO protocols document. The database continues to expand and will include agricultural crops. The database will be hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORLN) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). We hope that other regional databases will become publicly available to help enable Earth System Modeling to simulate species-level sensitivity to climate at regional to global scales.

Urihi A: A Terra-Floresta Yanomami

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James R. Welch

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Review of Urihi A: A Terra-Floresta Yanomami. Bruce Albert and William Milliken with Gale Goodwin Gomez. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental, 2009. 207 pp., illustrations, tables, bibliography, appendices, index. Paperback ISBN: 978‐85 85994‐72‐3.

Archaeometric characterization of Terra Sigillata Hispanica from Granada workshops

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Aranda, M. A. G.

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Terra Sigillata was a Roman pottery, which was also produced in several workshops in Hispania. Two known workshops at Granada (Cartuja and Carmen de la Muralla, or Albayzin are known to have produced both typical Terra Sigillata and low-gloss coating related pottery. Potsherds from these workshops have been thoroughly studied from an archaeological approach, but not by analytical chemistry techniques. Here, we report a full characterization of nine selected samples from these workshops and also a tenth sample, Terra Sigillata made in the Gaul, for comparison. The pastes characterization includes elemental analysis from XRF and quantitative mineralogical analysis by Rietveld analysis of XRPD data. Cluster analysis to both types of data has been carried out. SEM-EDX and GI-XRPD have been used to characterize the slips of the pottery. The elemental analysis results for the pastes suggest that terra sigillata potsherds from both workshops were likely made from the same clay, different to that used to make the low-gloss coating pottery. The firing temperatures have been estimated from the phase assemblages being about 900-950ºC for the Granada sigillata.

La Terra Sigillata fue una cerámica romana, que se produjo también en varios talleres en Hispania. Los talleres ubicados en Granada (Cartuja y Carmen de la Muralla, o Albayzín produjeron Terra Sigillata y cerámicas de barniz mate. Ambos talleres han sido ampliamente estudiados desde un punto de vista arqueológico, pero no mediante técnicas analíticas. En este trabajo, se estudian nueve muestras de estas producciones, y una décima de Terra Sigillata producida en la Galia, para su comparación. La caracterización de las pastas incluye análisis elemental por XRF, y análisis mineralógico cuantitativo mediante análisis de Rietveld de los datos de XRPD. Estos dos conjuntos de datos también se han evaluados mediante análisis de

Assessment of DNA damage and repair in Mycobacterium terrae after exposure to UV irradiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Bohrerova, Z; Linden, K G

2006-11-01

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for drinking water treatment was examined for inactivation and subsequent dark and photo-repair of Mycobacterium terrae. UV sources tested were low pressure (monochromatic, 254 nm) and medium pressure (polychromatic UV output) Hg lamps. UV exposure resulted in inactivation, and was followed by dark or photo-repair experiments. Inactivation and repair were quantified utilizing a molecular-based endonuclease sensitive site (ESS) assay and conventional colony forming unit (CFU) viability assay. Mycobacterium terrae was more resistant to UV disinfection compared to many other bacteria, with approximately 2-log reduction at a UV fluence of 10 mJ cm(-2) ; similar to UV inactivation of M. tuberculosis. There was no difference in inactivation between monochromatic or polychromatic UV lamps. Mycobacterium terrae did not undergo detectable dark repair. Photo-repair resulted in recovery from inactivation by approximately 0.5-log in less than 30 min for both UV lamp systems. Mycobacterium terrae is able to photo-repair DNA damage within a short timeframe. The number of pyrimidine dimers induced by UV light were similar for Escherichia coli and M. terrae, however, this similarity did not hold true for viability results. There is no practical difference between UV sources for disinfection or prevention of DNA repair for M. terrae. The capability of M. terrae to photo-repair UV damage fairly quickly is important for wastewater treatment applications where disinfected effluent is exposed to sunlight. Finally, molecular based assay results should be evaluated with respect to differences in the nucleic acid content of the test micro-organism.

Impact of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions on the spatial rainfall distribution in the Central Sahel

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Marcus Breil

2017-10-01

Full Text Available In a Regional Climate Model (RCM the interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere are described by a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer Model (SVAT. In the presented study two SVATs of different complexity (TERRA-ML and VEG3D are coupled to the RCM COSMO-CLM (CCLM to investigate the impact of different representations of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions on the West African Monsoon (WAM system. In contrast to TERRA-ML, VEG3D comprises a more detailed description of the land-atmosphere coupling by including a vegetation layer in its structural design, changing the treatment of radiation and turbulent fluxes. With these two different model systems (CCLM-TERRA-ML and CCLM-VEG3D climate simulations are performed for West Africa and analyzed. The study reveals that the simulated spatial distribution of rainfall in the Sahel region is substantially affected by the chosen SVAT. Compared to CCLM-TERRA-ML, the application of CCLM-VEG3D results in higher near surface temperatures in the Sahel region during the rainy season. This implies a southward expansion of the Saharian heat-low. Consequently, the mean position of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ is also shifted to the south, leading to a southward displacement of tracks for Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS, developing in connection with the AEJ. As a result, less precipitation is produced in the Sahel region, increasing the agreement with observations. These analyses indicate that soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions impact the West African Monsoon system and highlight the benefit of using a more complex SVAT to simulate its dynamics.

Minúsculas repúblicas em Terra Fria de Ferreira de Castro

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Iza Gonçalves Quelhas

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo propõe uma leitura do romance Terra fria (1934, de Ferreira de Castro, autor de nacionalidade portuguesa, a partir da concepção de cronotopo de Mikhail Bakhtin, com relevo para os múltiplos significados do signo fronteira que incorpora ao romance valores éticos e estéticos. Palavras-chave: Terra fria, Ferreira de Castro, cronotopo,Mikhail Bakhtin.

Uso da terra e perda de solo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Colônia, Bahia Land use and soil loss in the Colônia River Watershed, Bahia

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Vinícius de A. Silva

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Mudanças no uso da terra muitas vezes potencializam a erosão hídrica acarretando perda de água, solo, nutriente e matéria orgânica dos sistemas agrícolas, razão por que se estimou a perda de solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia, na Bahia, nos últimos vinte e sete anos, utilizando-se o software SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Para tal, procedeu-se à digitalização de mapas temáticos, interpretação de fotografias aéreas de 1975; classificação supervisionada de imagens de satélites de 2002 e produção de mapas de uso da terra. O SWAT foi utilizado na obtenção de mapas temáticos digitais por sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia, quantificação das perdas de solo em cada sub-bacia e nas formas de usos obtidos por conceito teórico, simulando as inclusões de áreas de preservação permanente, bem como mata em toda a superfície das sub-bacias. Estima-se que, entre 1975 e 2002, a média de perda de solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia foi de 47 t ha-1 ano-1 e em 2002 a estimativa de perda de solo foi de 46,64 t ha-1 ano-1. Na simulação de um cenário teórico de área de preservação permanente (APP e mata, ocorreu diminuição da média da perda de solo em toda a bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia de, respectivamente, 9,09 t ha-1 ano-1 e 20,91 t ha-1 ano-1.Land use changes most of the time increases the hydric erosion leading to loss of water, nutrients and organic matter in agricultural systems. Thus, aiming to estimate the soil loss in the watershed of Colonia River, in Bahia, in the last twenty-seven years, the software SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used. For the purpose, a digitalization thematic map (Arc View, interpretation of aerial photographs from 1975, supervised classification of 2002 satellite images and a land use map generation were developed. The SWAT software was used for obtaining a digital thematic map for every sub-basin of Colonia River Watershed, soil loss

Diâmetro do caule sobre a desidratação, composição química e produção do feno de Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora Wild. Poir. Diameter on branch dehydration, chemical composition and hay production in Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora Wild. Poir.

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José Rômulo Soares dos Santos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do diâmetro do caule na desidratação, composição química e disponibilidade de feno da Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora. As plantas estavam com média de 3 metros de altura e em final de floração. Foram selecionados caules representativos nos diâmetros 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9mm, os quais foram cortados, separados em caule e folhas e submetidos ao processo de desidratação que consistiu na secagem em estufa de circulação de ar forçada a uma temperatura de 65°C até peso constante. A curva de desidratação foi obtida em função dos intervalos de tempo de pesagem. Para as demais variáveis utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. A desidratação de caule e folhas teve resposta linear com platô, maior para diâmetros de 5mm cuja perda foi de 0,02g de água/g matéria seca ao final de 15,84 horas no caule, e de 0,01g de água/g MS na folha a partir 13,48 horas. Os teores de proteína bruta do caule diminuíram e os de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido aumentaram com o diâmetro do caule, mas não houve influência na composição química da folha. Se o objetivo for qualidade, os caules de Jurema preta devem ser cortados com diâmetros inferiores a 6mm; se o objetivo for quantidade o diâmetro deve ser de 7 a 9mm; se a finalidade for adequar qualidade e quantidade, recomenda-se cortar os caules ao atingirem 6mm de diâmetro.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of stem diameter in branch dehydration, chemical composition and hay production in Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora. The selected plants were about three feet high and were in the end of blooming. Representative branches were selected with 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 mm diameters, which were sliced and separated into stems and leaves and submitted to the dehydration process. It consisted of drying in the forced air circulation stove at a 65°C temperature until the constant

Tree communities of white-sand and terra-firme forests of the upper Rio Negro Comunidades de árvores em florestas de campinarana e de terra-firme do alto Rio Negro

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Juliana Stropp

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The high tree diversity and vast extent of Amazonian forests challenge our understanding of how tree species abundance and composition varies across this region. Information about these parameters, usually obtained from tree inventories plots, is essential for revealing patterns of tree diversity. Numerous tree inventories plots have been established in Amazonia, yet, tree species composition and diversity of white-sand and terra-firme forests of the upper Rio Negro still remain poorly understood. Here, we present data from eight new one-hectare tree inventories plots established in the upper Rio Negro; four of which were located in white-sand forests and four in terra-firme forests. Overall, we registered 4703 trees > 10 cm of diameter at breast height. These trees belong to 49 families, 215 genera, and 603 species. We found that tree communities of terra-firme and white-sand forests in the upper Rio Negro significantly differ from each other in their species composition. Tree communities of white-sand forests show a higher floristic similarity and lower diversity than those of terra-firme forests. We argue that mechanisms driving differences between tree communities of white-sand and terra-firme forests are related to habitat size, which ultimately influences large-scale and long-term evolutionary processes.A vasta extensão e a alta diversidade de árvores das florestas na Amazônia desafiam a nossa compreensão sobre como variam a composição e abundância de espécies arbóreas ao longo desta região. Informações sobre estes parâmetros, geralmente obtidas a partir de inventários florísticos, são fundamentais para análises sobre padrões de diversidade. Embora inúmeros inventários florísticos tenham sido estabelecidos na Amazônia, a composição de espécies e a diversidade de árvores das florestas de campinarana e de terra-firme, na região do alto Rio Negro, permanecem ainda pouco conhecidas. Aqui, apresentamos dados de invent

Exílio e diáspora nas personagens de ficção Paulo Martins (Terra em transe) e Paco (Terra estrangeira)

OpenAIRE

Soares, Paulo Marcondes Ferreira; UFPE

2014-01-01

O estudo centra-se em aspectos dados às configurações das personagens Paulo Martins, do filme Terra em transe (Glauber Rocha, 1967), e Paco, do filme Terra estrangeira (Walter Salles e Daniela Thomas, 1996), relativamente às dimensões identitárias, políticas e de contextualidade (tempo diegético e espaço diegético) vividas por essas personagens na sociedade interna dos filmes vis a vis às dimensões culturais e identitárias, mas, também, políticas e contextuais em que tais películas foram prod...

Integrated vacuum extraction/pneumatic soil fracturing system for remediation of low permeability soil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plaines, A.L.; Piniewski, R.J.; Yarbrough, G.D.

1994-01-01

There is wide use of vacuum extraction to remove volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from unsaturated soil. At sites with soil of low permeability, VOC extraction rates may not be sufficient to meet soil clean-up objectives within the desired time frame. During vacuum extraction in low permeability soil, the diffusion rates of VOCs through the soil matrix may limit VOC removal rates. An increase in the number of subsurface paths for advective flow through the contaminated zone results in a larger mass of contaminant being removed in a shorter time frame, accelerating site remediation. One technique for increasing the number of subsurface flow paths is Terra Vac's process of pneumatic soil fracturing (PSF). In this process, pressurized air is injected into the subsurface, creating micro-fractures for the vacuum extraction system to withdraw contaminants. Similar to hydraulic fracturing techniques long used in the petroleum industry for increasing yield from oil and gas production wells, this technique has applications for soil remediation in low permeability conditions. Two case studies, one in Louisiana at a gasoline service station and one at a manufacturing plant in New York, are presented

New Terra Nullius Narratives and the Gentrification of Africa's "Empty Lands"

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Charles Geisler

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Extraterritorial ownership and control of sub-Saharan African land have a long and troubledhistory. This research investigates a much-studied practice—the recent enclosure of African landand resources—but asks a little-studied question: how are non-Africans reasserting terra nulliusnarratives of the past to justify the present transformation of African landscapes? The answersuggested here lies in a bulwark of de facto terra nullius claims couched in security needs of theglobal North and referenced to the low density of Africa’s rural population, its land and laborunder-utilization, the ambiguity of its land tenure and related low yields, and its “arrested”civilization. De facto terra nullius is neither narrow in scope nor static in application. It isstirring again as a potent justificatory logic for north-south land relations.

From Soup to Nuts: How Terra has enabled the growth of NASA Earth science communication

Science.gov (United States)

Ward, K.; Carlowicz, M. J.; Allen, J.; Voiland, A.; Przyborski, P.

2014-12-01

The birth of NASA's Earth Observatory website in 1999 closely mirrored the launch of Terra and over the years its growth has paralleled that of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program. With the launch of Terra, NASA gained an extraordinary platform that not only promised new science capabilities but gave us the data and imagery for telling the stories behind the science. The Earth Observatory Group was founded to communicate these stories to the public. We will present how we have used the capabilities of all the Terra instruments over the past 15 years to expand the public's knowledge of NASA Earth science. The ever-increasing quantity and quality of Terra data, combined with technological improvements to data availability and services has allowed the Earth Observatory and, as a result, the greater science-aware media, to greatly expand the visibility of NASA data and imagery. We will offer thoughts on best practices in using these multi-faceted instruments for public communication and we will share how we have worked with Terra science teams and affiliated systems to see the potential stories in their data and the value of providing the data in a timely fashion. Terra has allowed us to tell the stories of our Earth today like never before.

Accelerator mass spectrometry researches at NIES-TERRA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shibata, Yasuyuki; Yoneda, Minoru; Tanaka, Atsushi; Uehiro, Takashi; Morita, Masatoshi; Uchida, Masao; Yoshinaga, Jun

2003-01-01

In the AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-TERRA; Tandem accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis), several research programs have been proceeded, including a program, called GC-AMS, for the compound-specific 14 C analysis in environmental samples

Mobility, turnover and storage of pollutants in soils, sediments and waters: Achievements and results of the EU project AquaTerra. A review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barth, J.A.C.; Grathwohl, P.; Fowler, H.J.; Bellin, A.; Gerzabek, M.H.; Lair, G.J.; Barceló, D.; Petrovic, M.; Navarro, A.; Négrel, P.; Petelet-Giraud, E.; Darmendrail, D.; Rijnaarts, H.; Langenhoff, A.; Weert, J. de; Slob, A.; Zaan, B.M. van der; Gerritse, J.; Frank, E.; Gutierrez, A.; Kretzschmar, R.; Gocht, T.; Steidle, D.; Garrido, F.; Jones, K.C.; Meijer, S.; Moeckel, C.; Marsman, A.; Klaver, G.; Vogel, T.; Bürger, C.; Kolditz, O.; Broers, H.P.; Baran, N.; Joziasse, J.; Tümpling, W. von; Gaans, P. van; Merly, C.; Chapman, A.; Brouyère, S.; Batlle Aguilar, J.; Orban, Ph.; Tas, N.; Smidt, H.

2009-01-01

AquaTerra is one of the first environmental projects within the 6th Framework program by the European Commission. It began in June 2004 with a multidisciplinary team of 45 partner organizations from 13 EU countries, Switzerland, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro. Results from sampling and modeling in 4

Terra Firma-forme Dermatosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anagha Ramesh Babu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Terra firma-forme dermatosis is a cutaneous discoloration. ‘Dirty’ brown grey cutaneous patches and plaques that can be rid off by forceful swabbing with alcohol pads characterize it. The pathogenesis has been attributed to abnormal and delayed keratinization. It poses no medical threat. A 40-year-old male patient presented to the Department of Dermatology with a 2-3 month history of persistent pigmented patches on both upper arms. The lesions were not associated with itching or burning sensation. He gives no history of exacerbation on exposure to the sun.

Development of bricks with incorporation of coal ash and sludge from water treatment plant; Desenvolvimento de tijolos com incorporacao de cinzas de carvao e lodo provenientes de estacao de tratamento de agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Mauro Valerio da

2011-07-01

Sludge from treatment water Brazilian plant station are, frequently, disposed and launched directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, coal ashes is produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. The efficient disposal of coal ashes is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment. The aim of this work was study the feasibility of incorporating these two industrial wastes in a mass used in the manufacture of ecological bricks. Samples of fly ashes from a cyclone filter from a coal-fired power plant located at Figueira County in Parana State, Brazil and waterworks sludge of Terra Preta County in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were used in the study. Fly ash-sludge and fly ash-sludge-soil-cement bricks were molded and tested, according to the Brazilians Standards. The materials were characterized by physical-chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and granulometric analysis. The results indicate that the waterworks sludge and coal ashes have potential to be used on manufacturing soil-cement pressed bricks according to the of Brazilians Standards NBR 10836/94. (author)

Development of bricks with incorporation of coal ash and sludge from water treatment plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, Mauro Valerio da

2011-01-01

Sludge from treatment water Brazilian plant station are, frequently, disposed and launched directly in the water bodies, causing a negative impact in the environment. Also, coal ashes is produced by burning of coal in coal-fired power stations and is the industrial solid waste most generated in southern Brazil: approximately 4 million tons/y. The efficient disposal of coal ashes is an issue due to its massive volume and harmful risks to the environment. The aim of this work was study the feasibility of incorporating these two industrial wastes in a mass used in the manufacture of ecological bricks. Samples of fly ashes from a cyclone filter from a coal-fired power plant located at Figueira County in Parana State, Brazil and waterworks sludge of Terra Preta County in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were used in the study. Fly ash-sludge and fly ash-sludge-soil-cement bricks were molded and tested, according to the Brazilians Standards. The materials were characterized by physical-chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, morphological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and granulometric analysis. The results indicate that the waterworks sludge and coal ashes have potential to be used on manufacturing soil-cement pressed bricks according to the of Brazilians Standards NBR 10836/94. (author)

Characteristics of Intracrater Thermal Anomalies in Southwestern Margaritifer Terra

Science.gov (United States)

McDowell, M. L.; Hamilton, V. E.

2005-03-01

We use thermophysical properties, albedo, short wavelength emissivity, composition, and geomorphology to understand the formation of anomalously warm intracrater deposits in southwestern Margaritifer Terra.

Terra Defender Cyber-Physical Wargame

Science.gov (United States)

2017-04-01

time. However, the WHITE team did not offer game-dollar rewards for these actions and this probably caused low motivation for note-taking. In general...helped to achieve a better understanding of how Army supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and device security can be modeled and...managed. Terra game players obtained first-hand experience in attacking and defending a live (“operational”) SCADA system that was located in a testbed

Os direitos da mulher à terra e os movimentos sociais rurais na reforma agrária brasileira

OpenAIRE

Deere,Carmen Diana

2004-01-01

Este artigo examina a evolução da reivindicação dos direitos da mulher à terra na reforma agrária brasileira sob o prisma dos três principais movimentos sociais rurais: o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), os sindicatos rurais e o movimento autônomo de mulheres rurais. O mérito maior por levantar a questão dos direitos da mulher à terra é das mulheres dentro dos sindicatos rurais. Os direitos formais das mulheres à terra foram conseguidos na reforma constitucional de 1988, e ...

Crescimento in vitro de amoreira-preta: efeito de reguladores de crescimento e da cultivar In vitro blackberry growing: effect of growth regulators and cultivar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabíola Villa

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Desenvolveu-se, este trabalho, no intuito de aprimorar técnicas de propagação in vitro de amoreira-preta. Testou-se em um experimento a influência de cinco diferentes concentrações de ANA (0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 e cinco de GA3 (0; 2; 4; 6 e 8 mg L-1, adicionadas ao meio de cultura MS, sob a amoreira-preta cultivar Ébano e; num segundo experimento testaram-se seis diferentes concentrações de ANA (0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mg L-1 e duas cultivares de amoreira-preta (Tupy e Brazos, no crescimento in vitro de plântulas. Segmentos nodais com 2 cm, de plântulas preestabelecidas in vitro, foram excisadas e inoculadas, em meio MS. O experimento foi inteiramente casualisado, utilizando-se três explantes por repetição e quatro repetições por tratamento. O pH do meio foi ajustado para 5,8 depois da adição de 6 g L-1 de ágar e 30 g L-1 de sacarose, ocorrendo depois a autoclavagem a 121ºC e 1 atm por 20 minutos. Após a inoculação, os tubos de ensaio foram mantidos por 60 dias, em sala de crescimento a 27 ± 1ºC, irradiância de 35 mmol.m-2.s-1 e fotoperíodo de 16 horas, avaliando-se assim o número de folhas, número de raízes, comprimento da maior raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, peso da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea. Altas concentrações de GA3 associadas a baixas de ANA promoveram maior comprimento da parte aérea da amoreira-preta, cultivar Ébano. Maior comprimento da parte aérea de 'Brazos' foi verificado na presença de 1,0 mg L-1 de ANA. Verificou-se surgimento de calos na cultivar Ébano em todas as concentrações de GA3 associadas a 0,5-1,5 mg L-1 de ANA e nas cultivares Tupy e Brazos em todas as concentrações de ANA. Melhores resultados na micropropagação da amoreira-preta cultivares Tupy e Ébano foram obtidos com a adição de 1,0 mg L-1 de ANA e melhores resultados no enraizamento da amoreira-preta cultivar Ébano foram obtidos com baixas concentrações de ANA e na ausência de GA3.This work

TERRA Expression Levels Do Not Correlate With Telomere Length and Radiation Sensitivity in Human Cancer Cell Lines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandra eSmirnova

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Mammalian telomeres are transcribed into long non-coding telomeric RNA molecules (TERRA that seem to play a role in the maintenance of telomere stability. In human cells, CpG island promoters drive TERRA transcription and are regulated by methylation. It was suggested that the amount of TERRA may be related to telomere length. To test this hypothesis we measured telomere length and TERRA levels in single clones isolated from five human cell lines: HeLa (cervical carcinoma, BRC-230 (breast cancer, AKG and GK2 (gastric cancers and GM847 (SV40 immortalized skin fibroblasts. We observed great clonal heterogeneity both in TRF (Terminal Restriction Fragment length and in TERRA levels. However, these two parameters did not correlate with each other. Moreover, cell survival to γ-rays did not show a significant variation among the clones, suggesting that, in this cellular system, the intra-population variability in telomere length and TERRA levels does not influence sensitivity to ionizing radiation. This conclusion was supported by the observation that in a cell line in which telomeres were greatly elongated by the ectopic expression of telomerase, TERRA expression levels and radiation sensitivity were similar to the parental HeLa cell line.

Meet EPA Environmental Engineer Terra Haxton, Ph.D.

Science.gov (United States)

EPA Environmental Engineer Terra Haxton, Ph.D., uses computer simulation models to protect drinking water. She investigates approaches to help water utilities be better prepared to respond to contamination incidents in their distribution systems.

Geologic map of the Lada Terra quadrangle (V-56), Venus

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, P. Senthil; Head, James W.

2013-01-01

This publication provides a geological map of Lada Terra quadrangle (V–56), a portion of the southern hemisphere of Venus that extends from lat 50° S. to 70° S. and from long 0° E. to 60° E. V–56 is bordered by Kaiwan Fluctus (V–44) and Agnesi (V–45) quadrangles in the north and by Mylitta Fluctus (V–61), Fredegonde (V–57), and Hurston (V–62) quadrangles in the west, east, and south, respectively. The geological map of V–56 quadrangle reveals evidence for tectonic, volcanic, and impact processes in Lada Terra in the form of tesserae, regional extensional belts, coronae, and volcanic plains. In addition, the map also shows relative age relations such as overlapping or cross-cutting relations between the mapped geologic units. The geology observed within this quadrangle addresses (1) how coronae evolved in association with regional extensional belts and (2) how tesserae, regional plains, and impact craters, which are also significant geological units observed in Lada Terra quadrangle, were formed.

Traceability of PDO Olive Oil “Terra di Bari” Using High Resolution Melting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cinzia Montemurro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of the research was to verify the applicability of microsatellite (SSR markers in High Resolution Melting (HRM analysis for the identification of the olive cultivars used in the “Terra di Bari” PDO extra virgin olive oil. A panel of nine cultivars, widespread in Apulia region, was tested with seventeen SSR primer pairs and the PCR products were at first analysed with a Genetic Analyzer automatic sequencer. An identification key was obtained for the nine cultivars, which showed an unambiguous discrimination among the varieties constituting the “Terra di Bari” PDO extra virgin olive oil: Cima di Bitonto, Coratina, and Ogliarola. Subsequently, an SSR based method was set up with the DCA18 marker, coupled with HRM analysis for the distinction of the Terra di Bari olive oil from non-Terra di Bari olive oil using different mixtures. Thus, this analysis enabled the distinction and identification of the PDO mixtures. Hence, this assay provided a flexible, cost-effective, and closed-tube microsatellite genotyping method, well suited to varietal identification and authentication analysis in olive oil.

TerraSAR-X InSAR multipass analysis on Venice, Italy)

Science.gov (United States)

Nitti, D. O.; Nutricato, R.; Bovenga, F.; Refice, A.; Chiaradia, M. T.; Guerriero, L.

2009-09-01

The TerraSAR-X (copyright) mission, launched in 2007, carries a new X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor optimally suited for SAR interferometry (InSAR), thus allowing very promising application of InSAR techniques for the risk assessment on areas with hydrogeological instability and especially for multi-temporal analysis, such as Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques, originally developed at Politecnico di Milano. The SPINUA (Stable Point INterferometry over Unurbanised Areas) technique is a PSI processing methodology which has originally been developed with the aim of detection and monitoring of coherent PS targets in non or scarcely-urbanized areas. The main goal of the present work is to describe successful applications of the SPINUA PSI technique in processing X-band data. Venice has been selected as test site since it is in favorable settings for PSI investigations (urban area containing many potential coherent targets such as buildings) and in view of the availability of a long temporal series of TerraSAR-X stripmap acquisitions (27 scenes in all). The Venice Lagoon is affected by land sinking phenomena, whose origins are both natural and man-induced. The subsidence of Venice has been intensively studied for decades by determining land displacements through traditional monitoring techniques (leveling and GPS) and, recently, by processing stacks of ERS/ENVISAT SAR data. The present work is focused on an independent assessment of application of PSI techniques to TerraSAR-X stripmap data for monitoring the stability of the Venice area. Thanks to its orbital repeat cycle of only 11 days, less than a third of ERS/ENVISAT C-band missions, the maximum displacement rate that can be unambiguously detected along the Line-of-Sight (LOS) with TerraSAR-X SAR data through PSI techniques is expected to be about twice the corresponding value of ESA C-band missions, being directly proportional to the sensor wavelength and inversely proportional to the

Decision 97.02 : Application for approval of the Terra Nova Canada-Newfoundland benefits plan and the Terra Nova development plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-12-01

Petro-Canada applied to the Canada-Newfoundland Offshore Petroleum Board (the Board) for approval of its plan for the development of the Terra Nova oil and gas field of the Jeanne d'Arc Formation located about 35 km southeast of the Hibernia oilfield. Petro-Canada also submitted a benefits plan. The Board established the Terra Nova Project Environmental Assessment Panel to conduct a public review of the application and to ensure that the potential effects of the project upon the natural environment would be minimal. The Panel recommended approval of the application, subject to 75 recommendations. The Board considered the recommendations of the Panel and approved the Benefits Plan and the Development Plan subject to certain conditions being met. This document provides the details of the application, the bases for the Board's decision, the conditions imposed, and the 75 recommendations made by the Environmental Assessment Panel. . 6 tabs., 6 figs

Adubação do algodoeiro: XII - Quatro experiências com N, P e K em terra - roxa Fertilizer experiments with cotton: XII- Trials with N, P, and K on "terra-roxa" soils

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. Schmidt

1962-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho são relatados os resultados de quatro experiências de adubação do algodoeiro em terra-roxa, realizadas nos municípios de Araras, Avaré, Limeira e São Carlos. Tôdas foram instaladas em 1942-43. sendo que a de Araras foi conduzida por quatro anos nos mesmos canteiros. Em esquema fatorial 2x4x3, com seis repetições, foram comparados os níveis 0 e 15 kg/ha de N (salitre do Chile; 0, 30, 60 e 90 kg/ha de P2O5 (superfosfato simples; 0, 25 e 50 kg. ha de K2O (cloreto de potássio. Somente na experiência de Limeira, em solo repetidamente adubado com fósforo nas culturas anteriores, é que as respostas ao nitrogênio e ao potássio foram satisfatórias. Para a pequena reação a êsses elementos nas outras localidades parece terem concorrido a pobreza dos solos em fósforo e o método de aplicação dos adubos: nos sulcos de plantio, ao ser êste efetuado. Em contraste, o efeito principal do fósforo, que foi de apenas + 13% em Limeira, ultrapassou +30% nas demais experiências. As respostas às doses de 30, 60 e 90 kg/ha de P2O5, corresponderam, respectivamente, a +62, +85 e +96% em Araras (médias dos quatro anos, +36, +39 e +48% em São Carlos. +36, +34 e +42% em Avaré e tão somente a +11, +16 e +12% em Limeira. Nesta localidade, o efeito do fósforo foi nulo, quando aplicado sòzinho, mas, em média das três doses, atingiu +18% na presença de nitrogênio + potássio. Nas outras experiências também se notou maior efeito do fósforo na presença dos outros nutrientes. Terminando, os autores sugerem uma revisão nas fórmulas de adubação destinadas às áreas repetidamente adubadas com fósforo.This paper reports the results of four trials located at Araras, Avaré, Limeira, and São Carlos, in the State of São Paulo, to study the effects of N, P and K on "terra-roxa" soils. The responses to N and K were satisfactory only in the Limeira experiment, located on an area repeatedly fertilized with phosphorus in the

Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) Global Binned Data, reprocesing v2018

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS (or Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) is a key instrument aboard the Terra (EOS AM) and Aqua (EOS PM) satellites. Terra's orbit around the Earth...

Investigations of Ancient Terra-cotta Sarcophagi, Excavated in Enez (Ainos Turkey, by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sevim Akyuz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Ten terra-cotta sarcophagi, together with a terra-cotta aryballos (perfume jar, excavated in Su Terazisi necropolis of Enez-Turkey (Ancient Ainos, were investigated by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA, to determine the concentration of thirty two chemical elements: Na, K, Ca, Fe, Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Th and U. The dataset was submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. The classification was done by cluster analysis. The results demonstrated the occurrence of two different groups of terra-cotta samples. Group I contains nine sarcophagi and terra-cotta aryballos whereas group II contains only one sample (E09-ST5-M26. High correlations between La and Ce (r2 = 0.92, and U and Th (r2 = 0.91 indicated that local clay was used for manufacturing the terra-cotta sarcophagi and aryballos but probably the claybed used for E09-ST5-M26 was different from that of others.

ULF fluctuations at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Meloni

2000-06-01

Full Text Available ULF geomagnetic field measurements in Antarctica are a very important tool for better understanding the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere and its response to the variable solar wind conditions. We review the results obtained in the last few years at the Italian observatory at Terra Nova Bay

Secretômica de Trichoderma atroviride e Trichoderma harzianum frente a Guignardia e citricarpa, agente etiológico da Pinta Preta dos Citros

OpenAIRE

Lima, Fernanda Blauth de

2016-01-01

Os agentes de controle biológico têm recebido grande reconhecimento, e o seu uso tem contribuído como um complemento ou substituição de agroquímicos. No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre o controle biológico da Pinta Preta dos Citros, causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa, o que impede o seu mercado in natura, além de prejudicar a sua exportação pelo uso intensivo de insumos químicos para controlar este patógeno. Os fungos do gênero Trichoderma são agentes de controle utilizados em tod...

CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

Uso da terra e perda de solo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Colônia, Bahia

OpenAIRE

Silva,Vinícius de A.; Moreau,Mauricio S.; Moreau,Ana M. S. dos S.; Rego,Neylor A. C.

2011-01-01

Mudanças no uso da terra muitas vezes potencializam a erosão hídrica acarretando perda de água, solo, nutriente e matéria orgânica dos sistemas agrícolas, razão por que se estimou a perda de solo na bacia hidrográfica do rio Colônia, na Bahia, nos últimos vinte e sete anos, utilizando-se o software SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Para tal, procedeu-se à digitalização de mapas temáticos, interpretação de fotografias aéreas de 1975; classificação supervisionada de imagens de satélites de...

Terra MODIS Band 27 Electronic Crosstalk Effect and Its Removal

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Junqiang; Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Madhavan, Sriharsha; Wenny, Brian

2012-01-01

The MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the primary instruments in the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS). The first MODIS instrument was launched in December, 1999 on-board the Terra spacecraft. MODIS has 36 bands, covering a wavelength range from 0.4 micron to 14.4 micron. MODIS band 27 (6.72 micron) is a water vapor band, which is designed to be insensitive to Earth surface features. In recent Earth View (EV) images of Terra band 27, surface feature contamination is clearly seen and striping has become very pronounced. In this paper, it is shown that band 27 is impacted by electronic crosstalk from bands 28-30. An algorithm using a linear approximation is developed to correct the crosstalk effect. The crosstalk coefficients are derived from Terra MODIS lunar observations. They show that the crosstalk is strongly detector dependent and the crosstalk pattern has changed dramatically since launch. The crosstalk contributions are positive to the instrument response of band 27 early in the mission but became negative and much larger in magnitude at later stages of the mission for most detectors of the band. The algorithm is applied to both Black Body (BB) calibration and MODIS L1B products. With the crosstalk effect removed, the calibration coefficients of Terra MODIS band 27 derived from the BB show that the detector differences become smaller. With the algorithm applied to MODIS L1B products, the Earth surface features are significantly removed and the striping is substantially reduced in the images of the band. The approach developed in this report for removal of the electronic crosstalk effect can be applied to other MODIS bands if similar crosstalk behaviors occur.

Automated inundation monitoring using TerraSAR-X multitemporal imagery

Science.gov (United States)

Gebhardt, S.; Huth, J.; Wehrmann, T.; Schettler, I.; Künzer, C.; Schmidt, M.; Dech, S.

2009-04-01

The Mekong Delta in Vietnam offers natural resources for several million inhabitants. However, a strong population increase, changing climatic conditions and regulatory measures at the upper reaches of the Mekong lead to severe changes in the Delta. Extreme flood events occur more frequently, drinking water availability is increasingly limited, soils show signs of salinization or acidification, species and complete habitats diminish. During the Monsoon season the river regularly overflows its banks in the lower Mekong area, usually with beneficial effects. However, extreme flood events occur more frequently causing extensive damage, on the average once every 6 to 10 years river flood levels exceed the critical beneficial level X-band SAR data are well suited for deriving inundated surface areas. The TerraSAR-X sensor with its different scanning modi allows for the derivation of spatial and temporal high resolved inundation masks. The paper presents an automated procedure for deriving inundated areas from TerraSAR-X Scansar and Stripmap image data. Within the framework of the German-Vietnamese WISDOM project, focussing the Mekong Delta region in Vietnam, images have been acquired covering the flood season from June 2008 to November 2008. Based on these images a time series of the so called watermask showing inundated areas have been derived. The product is required as intermediate to (i) calibrate 2d inundation model scenarios, (ii) estimate the extent of affected areas, and (iii) analyze the scope of prior crisis. The image processing approach is based on the assumption that water surfaces are forward scattering the radar signal resulting in low backscatter signals to the sensor. It uses multiple grey level thresholds and image morphological operations. The approach is robust in terms of automation, accuracy, robustness, and processing time. The resulting watermasks show the seasonal flooding pattern with inundations starting in July, having their peak at the end

MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Monthly L3 Global 1Deg CMG V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Monthly L3 Global 1Deg CMG (MOD08_M3). MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am...

Influence of drainage status on soil and water chemistry, litter decomposition and soil respiration in central Amazonian forests on sandy soils

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio Ocimar Manzi

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Central Amazonian rainforest landscape supports a mosaic of tall terra firme rainforest and ecotone campinarana, riparian and campina forests, reflecting topography-induced variations in soil, nutrient and drainage conditions. Spatial and temporal variations in litter decomposition, soil and groundwater chemistry and soil CO2 respiration were studied in forests on sandy soils, whereas drought sensitivity of poorly-drained valley soils was investigated in an artificial drainage experiment. Slightly changes in litter decomposition or water chemistry were observed as a consequence of artificial drainage. Riparian plots did experience higher litter decomposition rates than campina forest. In response to a permanent lowering of the groundwater level from 0.1 m to 0.3 m depth in the drainage plot, topsoil carbon and nitrogen contents decreased substantially. Soil CO2 respiration decreased from 3.7±0.6 µmol m-2 s-1 before drainage to 2.5±0.2 and 0.8±0.1 µmol m-2 s-1 eight and 11 months after drainage, respectively. Soil respiration in the control plot remained constant at 3.7±0.6 µmol m-2 s-1. The above suggests that more frequent droughts may affect topsoil carbon and nitrogen content and soil respiration rates in the riparian ecosystem, and may induce a transition to less diverse campinarana or short-statured campina forest that covers areas with strongly-leached sandy soil.

Geological Mapping of the Lada Terra (V-56) Quadrangle, Venus

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, P. Senthil; Head, James W., III

2009-01-01

Geological mapping of the V-56 quadrangle (Fig. 1) reveals various tectonic and volcanic features and processes in Lada Terra that consist of tesserae, regional extensional belts, coronae, volcanic plains and impact craters. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of different material units, deformational features or lineament patterns and impact crater materials. In addition, we also establish the relative age relationships (e.g., overlapping or cross-cutting relationship) between them, in order to reconstruct the geologic history. Basically, this quadrangle addresses how coronae evolved in association with regional extensional belts, in addition to evolution of tesserae, regional plains and impact craters, which are also significant geological units of Lada Terra.

MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Daily L3 Global 1Deg CMG V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Daily L3 Global 1Deg CMG (MOD08_D3). MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator...

Caracterização atual do uso da terra e da cobertura vegetal na região da Terra Indígena Sangradouro/Volta Grande-Mato Grosso, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Kawakubo, Fernando Shinji; Morato, Rúbia Gomes; Correia Junior, Paulo Almeida; Luchiari, Ailton

2004-01-01

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o mapeamento do uso e cobertura vegetal na Terra Indígena Sangradouro/Volta Grande-MT (Brasil). As técnicas utilizadas consistem na aplicação do Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral seguidas pela segmentação das imagens sintéticas e classificação supervisionada dos componentes segmentados. O cálculo das áreas correspondentes as classes de uso e cobertura vegetal permitiu avaliar a situação atual da Terra Indígena no contexto ambiental. El objeto de este...

Influência de sistemas de culturas, mucuna preta e adubação mineral sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho

OpenAIRE

Nunes, Helber Veras; Silva, Ivandro de França da; Bruno, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara; Barros, Daniella Inácio; Pereira, Walter Esfrain

2006-01-01

O cultivo do milho em consórcio e a utilização de leguminosas como forma de adubação é prática bastante utilizada pelo agricultor nordestino. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho, cv. BR-106, produzidas em sistemas de culturas isolados e consorciados (milho, milho + feijão guandu e milho + fava), na ausência e presença de adubo químico e mucuna preta. O ensaio foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes da Universida...

CERES BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data in HDF (CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

Each BiDirectional Scans (BDS) data product contains twenty-four hours of Level-1b data for each CERES scanner instrument mounted on each spacecraft. The BDS includes samples taken in normal and short Earth scan elevation profiles in both fixed and rotating azimuth scan modes (including space, internal calibration, and solar calibration views). The BDS contains Level-0 raw (unconverted) science and instrument data as well as the geolocated converted science and instrument data. The BDS contains additional data not found in the Level-0 input file, including converted satellite position and velocity data, celestial data, converted digital status data, and parameters used in the radiance count conversion equations. The following CERES BDS data sets are currently available: CER_BDS_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_BDS_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_BDS_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-11-02] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

Gravity anomalies, compensation mechanisms, and the geodynamics of western Ishtar Terra, Venus

Science.gov (United States)

Grimm, Robert E.; Phillips, Roger J.

1991-01-01

Pioneer Venus line-of-sight orbital accelerations were utilized to calculate the geoid and vertical gravity anomalies for western Ishtar Terra on various planes of altitude z sub 0. The apparent depth of isostatic compensation at z sub 0 = 1400 km is 180 + or - 20 km based on the usual method of minimum variance in the isostatic anomaly. An attempt is made here to explain this observation, as well as the regional elevation, peripheral mountain belts, and inferred age of western Ishtar Terra, in terms of one or three broad geodynamic models.

Cross-Calibration of the Oceansat-2 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) with Terra and Aqua MODIS

Science.gov (United States)

Angal, Amit; Brinkmann, Jake; Kumar, A. Senthil; Xiong, Xiaoxiong

2016-01-01

The Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) sensor on-board the Oceansat-2 spacecraft has been operational since its launch in September, 2009. The Oceansat 2 OCM primary design goal is to provide continuity to Oceansat-1 OCM to obtain information regarding various ocean-colour variables. OCM acquires Earth scene measurements in eight multi-spectral bands in the range from 402 to 885 nm. The MODIS sensor on the Terra and Aqua spacecraft has been successfully operating for over a decade collecting measurements of the earth's land, ocean surface and atmosphere. The MODIS spectral bands, designed for land and ocean applications, cover the spectral range from 412 to 869 nm. This study focuses on comparing the radiometric calibration stability of OCM using near-simultaneous TOA measurements with Terra and Aqua MODIS acquired over the Libya 4 target. Same-day scene-pairs from all three sensors (OCM, Terra and Aqua MODIS) between August, 2014 and September, 2015 were chosen for this analysis. On a given day, the OCM overpass is approximately an hour after the Terra overpass and an hour before the Aqua overpass. Due to the orbital differences between Terra and Aqua, MODIS images the Libya 4 site at different scan-angles on a given day. Some of the high-gain ocean bands for MODIS tend to saturate while viewing the bright Libya 4 target, but bands 8-10 (412 nm - 486 nm) provide an unsaturated response and are used for comparison with the spectrally similar OCM bands. All the standard corrections such as bidirectional reflectance factor (BRDF), relative spectral response mismatch, and impact for atmospheric water-vapor are applied to obtain the reflectance differences between OCM and the two MODIS instruments. Furthermore, OCM is used as a transfer radiometer to obtain the calibration differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS reflective solar bands.

Soils and climate: redness and weathering as indicators of mean annual precipitation

Science.gov (United States)

Lucke, Bernhard

2016-04-01

Paleosols can be used as archives of past changes of climate and landscapes, but their interpretation has to be based on modern analogies such as Budyko's law of soil zonality. These can be very useful if the respective processes of soil formation are sufficiently well understood. However, some soils such as the Terra Rossa or Red Mediterranean Soils, that are widespread at the fringes of the steppes and deserts, are still disputed with regard to their genesis and environmental significance. In particular, there is no agreement whether they resemble current environmental conditions, or are inherited from climates or sediments of the past. In this context, a remarkable change of the color of surface soils can be observed when driving from the city of Irbid in Jordan towards the east. Soil color apparently changes slowly, but steadily from dark red to yellow colors. However, attempting to express these color changes in numerical form is challenging, and it seemed questionable whether color is indeed connected with soil weathering intensity, or an optical illusion. However, a systematic comparison of different approaches of calculating soil redness found that the CIELAB-color system is suited for numerical expressions of soil redness and performs better than the Munsell charts. Along the investigated transect in Jordan, soil color seems strongly connected with weathering intensity, since various weathering indicators point to a steady increase of soil development with moisture. This suggests that such indices can well be used in semi-arid areas of 250-600 mm of mean annual precipitation. A very strong correlation of magnetic enhancement and rainfall indicates that the investigated soils are forming in equilibrium with current climatic conditions, and regressions based on this gradient might be suited for estimating paleorainfalls recorded by buried paelosols. It seems therefore that surface Terra Rossa soils in Jordan can be in equilibrium with current climate

Environmental geochemistry: radiometry and radiology of the monazitic sand in the Areia Preta Beach, Guarapari - Espirito Santo State, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moura, Jorge Costa de; Wiedemann, Cristina Maria; Ludka, Isabel Pereira; Mendes, Julio Cezar; Nascimento, Ricardo de Campos Costa; Wallfass, Carin Margarete; Westrenen, Wim van

1998-01-01

The Areia Preta Beach, in Guarapari, is famous for its natural radiation and important for the tourism of this region. Thousands of people visit this area in order to be cured from illnesses like arthritis, rheumatism, and cancer by exposing themselves to the radiation. This work presents the gamma radiation dose rate values measured in the sand of this beach since April 1996. These values punctually exceed nearly 800 times the maximum values compared with the national and international legislation concerning artificial ionizing radiation. The data collected during seven field campaigns of monitoring shows seasonal variations of exposure rates. The minimum values were obtained in winter, and the maximum values in summer, which is the high season for tourism. The results indicates that this beach represents a serious health hazard for those that visit the beach intensively. (author)

Solvent extraction treatment of PCB contaminated soil at Sparrevohn Long Range Radar Station, Alaska

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weimer, L. D.

1999-01-01

On-site soil treatment at a long range radar station in Alaska, which was contaminated with between 50 and 350 mg/kg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is described. The stock-piled soil was treated by the Terra Kleen Response Group, using a solvent extraction process. After the treatment, PCB concentrations in the treated soil were found to have been reduced to less than the target treatment level of 15 mg/kg. Not only was the process successful, it also saved the government about $ 1 million over what hauling and off-site treatment and disposal would have cost. 1 tab

Ecologia da polinização da amoreira-preta (Rubus sp (Rosaceae em Timbó-SC, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leônidas João de Mello Junior

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho verificou experimentalmente a ecologia da polinização da amoreira-preta (Rubus sp.. Objetivou-se confirmar a síndrome de polinização de Rubus sp., por meio de análise de seu sistema reprodutivo, quantificação da produção diária de néctar, levantamento da entomofauna que visita as flores da amoreira na área de estudo e análise do seu comportamento polinizador. Os experimentos foram realizados em uma área de cultivo de amoreira-preta, no mês de dezembro de 2005, município de Timbó (SC. Constatou-se que a maior taxa de frutificação (48,3 % ± 3,2 ocorreu via polinização livre, onde os insetos não foram excluídos. Foi verificada a ocorrência de autopolinização, porém com taxa inferior de frutificação (12,2% ± 4,9. A anemofilia não foi constatada na espécie. A avaliação da produção de néctar em Rubus sp. resultou em valores compatíveis com a síndrome de melitofilia. Os visitantes florais coletados e observados sobre as flores de Rubus sp. foram predominantemente abelhas da ordem Hymenoptera (97%, que iniciam, em menor número, a atividade de forrageamento às 8h, com pico de atividade às 12h e declinando até às 16h. As coletas resultaram numa amostragem de 1.360 abelhas, divididas em quatro famílias e 13 espécies. A família com maior riqueza de espécies (N = 7 foi Halictidae e a mais abundante foi Apidae, com 1.288 indivíduos. Em Apidae, houve o predomínio da espécie exótica Apis mellifera, cuja representação na amostra foi de 1.246 indivíduos. Os dados da abundância e as observações naturalísticas do seu comportamento da flor apontaram A. mellifera como o principal polinizador de Rubus sp., mas confirmam que as demais espécies de abelhas também participam na polinização de Rubus sp.

17 Years of Cloud Heights from Terra, and Beyond

Science.gov (United States)

Davies, R.

2017-12-01

The effective cloud height, H, is the integral of observed cloud-top heights, weighted by their frequency of occurrence. Here we look at changes in the effective cloud height, H', as measured by the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) on the first Earth Observing System platform, Terra. Terra was launched in December 1999, and now has over 17 years of consistently measured climate records. Globally, HG' has an important influence on Earth's climate, whereas regionally, HR' is a useful measure of low frequency changes in circulation patterns. MISR has a sampling error in the annual mean HG' of ≈11 m, allowing fairly small interannual variations to be detected. This paper extends the previous 15-year summary that showed significant differences in the long term mean hemispheric cloud height changes. Also of interest are the correlations in tropical cloud height changes and related teleconnections. The largest ephemeral values in the annual HR' [over 1.5 km] are noted over the Central Pacific and the Maritime Continent. These changes are strongly anticorrelated with each other, being directly related to changes in ENSO. They are also correlated with the largest ephemeral changes in HG'. Around the equator, we find at least four distinct centres of similar fluctuations in cloud height. This paper examines the relative time dependence of these regional height changes, separately for La Niña and El Niño events, and stresses the value of extending the time series of uniformly measured cloud heights from space beyond EOS-Terra.

Matéria orgânica em um Latossolo submetido a diferentes sistemas de produção de milho Soil organic matter in an oxisol under different corn production systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

W. J. O. Souza

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas de produção sobre a dinâmica do carbono no solo e nas frações da matéria orgânica, durante seis anos, em Jaboticabal (SP, foram testados diferentes tratamentos, a saber: semeadura convencional de milho com pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P, plantio direto de milho e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P, convencional de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P-So, plantio direto de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P-So e plantio direto de milho com uso de Mucuna aterrina (mucuna preta, Cajanus cajan (feijão guandu e Crotalaria juncea no inverno (D-Mi-Mu, D-Mi-Gu e D-Mi-Cr em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas subdivididas. Após 60 dias da emergência das plântulas, coletaram-se amostras de solo a diferentes profundidades (0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. Avaliaram-se nas amostras os teores de C orgânico (CO e C total nas frações: matérias húmicas (MH, solúvel em água (SA, ácido fúlvico (AF, ácido húmico (AH e humina (HN com dados expressos em base de terra seca em estufa (TSE. O uso do sistema plantio direto com pousio e o cultivo de leguminosas no inverno (mucuna preta e feijão guandu foram os que apresentaram maiores valores de CO e C-HN na camada de 0-0,05 m. O tratamento C-Mi-P-So mostrou o maior valor de C-SA na camada de 0,05-0,10 m. Quanto aos teores de C-MH, os tratamentos C-Mi-P-So e D-Mi-P-So foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores nas camadas superficiais. O plantio direto de milho em monocultura e sucessão com leguminosas (mucuna preta e feijão guandu parecem ter favorecido dois processos: migração de AF para as camadas mais profundas, reduzindo os valores de MH nas camadas superficiais do solo, e interconversões de AF em AH mais rápidas.A long-term field trial was carried out in the Jaboticabal county, São Paulo State. with the objective of estimating production system effects on the soil organic carbon and soil organic matter

Adubação nitrogenada em milho implantado em semeadura direta após aveia preta Maize nitrogen fertilization in no-tillage system following black oat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilber Argenta

1999-12-01

Full Text Available A cultura do milho implantada em semeadura direta em sucessão a gramíneas, geralmente, apresenta deficiência inicial de nitrogênio (N. Ela é atribuída à imobilização microbiana de N durante o processo de decomposição da palha com alta razão C/N. Com a finalidade de diminuir esta deficiência, recomenda-se, para qualquer situação, a aplicação de 20 a 30kg/ha de N na semeadura. Porém, será que este manejo se aplica para todas as situações? O objetivo desta revisão é questionar a recomendação de aplicação de nitrogênio na semeadura do milho em sucessão à aveia preta e discutir a eficiência de outras três estratégias que têm sido utilizadas para diminuir a deficiência inicial de N nesta cultura. A disponibilidade de N para as culturas em sucessão é controlada pela intensidade dos processos opostos e simultâneos de imobilização e mineralização do N durante a decomposição de resíduos culturais pela população microbiana do solo. Ela é influenciada pela quantidade, tipo (razão C/N e manejo de resíduos, temperatura do solo, regime de água/aeração, pH e pelo teor de N no solo. Assim, a resposta do milho ao manejo do N está muito relacionada ao ambiente. Outras estratégias têm sido propostas com a finalidade de diminuir a deficiência inicial de N no milho quando implantado em sucessão à aveia preta. Pode-se destacar o atraso da época de semeadura após a dessecação da aveia, a aplicação de N nos estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da aveia e a aplicação de N no manejo da aveia, ou seja, em pré-semeadura do milho. Portanto, a recomendação do manejo do N deve resultar de uma avaliação caso a caso, evitando-se generalizações.Maize crop sowed in no-tillage in succession to grasses, generally, presents initial deficiency of N. This is attributed to the microbial immobilization of N during the decomposition process of straw with high C/N ratio. With the objective of reducing this

BIOCHAR: PYROGENIC CARBON FOR AGRICULTURAL USE - A CRITICAL REVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Etelvino Henrique Novotny

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios(Amazon Dark Earth, and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc, that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization. In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

CERES cloud property retrievals from imagers on TRMM, Terra, and Aqua

Science.gov (United States)

Minnis, Patrick; Young, David F.; Sun-Mack, Sunny; Heck, Patrick W.; Doelling, David R.; Trepte, Qing Z.

2004-02-01

The micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds play a crucial role in Earth"s radiation budget. The NASA Clouds and Earth"s Radiant Energy System (CERES) is providing simultaneous measurements of the radiation and cloud fields on a global basis to improve the understanding and modeling of the interaction between clouds and radiation at the top of the atmosphere, at the surface, and within the atmosphere. Cloud properties derived for CERES from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra and Aqua satellites are compared to ensure consistency between the products to ensure the reliability of the retrievals from multiple platforms at different times of day. Comparisons of cloud fraction, height, optical depth, phase, effective particle size, and ice and liquid water paths from the two satellites show excellent consistency. Initial calibration comparisons are also very favorable. Differences between the Aqua and Terra results are generally due to diurnally dependent changes in the clouds. Additional algorithm refinement is needed over the polar regions for Aqua and at night over those same areas for Terra. The results should be extremely valuable for model validation and improvement and for improving our understanding of the relationship between clouds and the radiation budget.

Seasonal Surface Spectral Emissivity Derived from Terra MODIS Data

Science.gov (United States)

Sun-Mack, Sunny; Chen, Yan; Minnis, Patrick; Young, DavidF.; Smith, William J., Jr.

2004-01-01

The CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) Project is measuring broadband shortwave and longwave radiances and deriving cloud properties form various images to produce a combined global radiation and cloud property data set. In this paper, simultaneous data from Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) taken at 3.7, 8.5, 11.0, and 12.0 m are used to derive the skin temperature and the surface emissivities at the same wavelengths. The methodology uses separate measurements of clear sky temperature in each channel determined by scene classification during the daytime and at night. The relationships between the various channels at night are used during the day when solar reflectance affects the 3.7- m radiances. A set of simultaneous equations is then solved to derive the emissivities. Global monthly emissivity maps are derived from Terra MODIS data while numerical weather analyses provide soundings for correcting the observed radiances for atmospheric absorption. These maps are used by CERES and other cloud retrieval algorithms.

Development Application - Terra Nova Development - Canada-Newfoundland Benefits Plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The Canada-Newfoundland Benefits Plan, part of the overall application to develop the Terra Nova Field off the coast of Newfoundland details the benefits to Canadians, but most particularly to residents of Newfoundland and Labrador that a vibrant petroleum industry is expected to bring. In this document the proponents commit themselves to a course of action designed to enhance the opportunities for Canadian and Newfoundland participation in the development, in accordance with the Atlantic Accord legislation. In terms of this legislation, the project proponents are obliged to perform development functions from Newfoundland, acquire goods and services for the Terra Nova Development on a 'best value' basis, but consistent with the procurement policies and procedures for benefits. The proponents must consider Canadian and, in particular, Newfoundland benefits as one of the factors in the procurement of goods and services, and require contactors and subcontractors to adhere to the development's benefits principles, objectives and commitments. A 7-page glossary is also included

Faults and ridges - Historical development in Tempe Terra and Ulysses Patera regions of Mars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scott, D.H.; Dohm, J.M.

1990-01-01

Tempe Terra and the area north of Ulysses Patera are selected to demonstrate the various stages of faulting and ridge development in local areas. This work is accomplished by using Viking photomosaics to determine crosscutting relations of structures as well as their morphology and trend orientations. Results show that from the Early Noachian through the Early Amazonian Epochs, at least eight episodes of faulting occurred at Tempe Terra and six at Ulysses Patera. Tectonic activity at Tempe Terra was expressed mainly by densely spaced faults along the northeast extension of the Tharsis rise; faulting culminated in the Middle and Late Noachian and was superseded by transverse fault systems from the Alba Patera region during the Hesperian. Ridge formation, however, was most active in the Early Hesperian. At Ulysses Patera, an early history of tectonism is recorded by complex arrays of faults in a relatively small area of Noachian rocks. 14 refs

Measurement of Subsidence in the Yangbajain Geothermal Fields from TerraSAR-X

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yongsheng; Zhang, Jingfa; Li, Zhenhong

2016-08-01

Yangbajain contains the largest geothermal energy power station in China. Geothermal explorations in Yangbajain first started in 1976, and two plants were subsequently built in 1981 and 1986. A large amount of geothermal fluids have been extracted since then, leading to considerable surface subsidence around the geothermal fields. In this paper, InSAR time series analysis is applied to map the subsidence of the Yangbajain geothermal fields during the period from December 2011 to November 2012 using 16 senses of TerraSAR-X stripmap SAR images. Due to its high resolution and short repeat cycle, TerraSAR-X provides detailed surface deformation information at the Yangbajain geothermal fields.

As Ciências da Terra e a mundialização das sociedades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umberto G. Cordani

1995-12-01

Full Text Available De acordo com os princípios da Agenda 21, o principal documento resultante da unced-92, a sociedade sustentável do futuro deverá mostrar um desenvolvimento econômico equilibrado, no mundo todo, em harmonia com os sistemas de suporte da vida, em nosso planeta. As Ciências da Terra têm um papel crucial, visto que elas têm a responsabilidade da busca e do gerenciamento dos recursos minerais e energéticos, da conservação, do gerenciamento dos solos e da água, do monitoramento contínuo dos processos dinâmicos do Sistema Terra e da prevenção e mitigação dos desastres naturais. Solidariedade social em nível global é necessária para o alcance futuro de uma sociedade sustentável realmente equitativa e preocupada com a justiça social. Entretanto, as tendências atuais da globalização, sob a égide dos grandes conglomerados transnacionais, são as de dar menor prioridade face a assuntos como preservação ambiental e desenvolvimento econômico do Terceiro Mundo. Tais tendências precisam ser invertidas, e os cientistas e profissionais das Ciências da Terra devem tornar-se proativos, em comunicar-se com políticos, educadores e o público em geral, no sentido de planejar adequadamente as atividades de desenvolvimento, evitando possíveis impactos desastrosos para o ambiente.Following the principles contained in the Agenda 21, the main agreement reached during the unced-92, the future sustainable society shall exhibit an equitable socio-economic development, all over the world, in harmony with the life support systems of our planet. The Earth sciences have a crucial role, because they have the responsibility of the search, provision and management of mineral and energetic resources, the conservation and management of soils and water, the continuous monitoring of the dynamic processes of the Earth system, and the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters. Solidarity among people is needed in order to achieve a truly equitable

Multiplicação in vitro de amoreira-preta cultivar Brazos In vitro multiplication of blackberry cv. Brazos

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Fabiola Villa

2006-04-01

Full Text Available A micropropagação da amoreira-preta pode gerar plantas livres de vírus e em curto espaço de tempo. Com o objetivo de aprimorar técnicas de micropropagação de amoreira-preta cultivar Brazos (Rubus idaeus L., segmentos nodais, oriundos de plântulas preestabelecidas in vitro foram excisados e inoculados em meio WPM (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200%, suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L-1. Após a inoculação, os explantes foram transferidos para sala de crescimento a 27±1ºC, irradiância de 35 mmol m² s¹ e fotoperíodo de 16 horas, onde permaneceram por 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se de quatro repetições com quatro explantes cada. Maior número de brotos foi proporcionado com 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP associado a 100% de meio WPM e maior comprimento médio dos brotos após 60 dias foi verificado em 1,0 mg L-1 de BAP associado a 200% de meio WPM. Maior peso de matéria seca da parte aérea foi obtido em meio WPM 200% acrescido de 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP.With the objective of multiplying blackberry cv. Brazos, nodal segments, coming from in vitro plants previously selected, were excised and inoculated in WPM culture medium (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200%, supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 and 4,0 mg L-1. After inoculation, the explants were transferred to culture room, at 27±1ºC temperature, 35 mmol m² s¹ ofirradiance and photoperiod of 16 hours, for 60 days. The experimental was a design randomized complete block, with four replications and four explants each. Greater number of sprouts was provided with 1,0 mg L-1 of BAP associated with 100% WPM culture medium and larger sprouts length average after 60 days were verified in 1,0 mg L-1 of BAP associated with 200% WPM culture medium. Higher dry matter weight of the aerial part was obtained in 200% WPM culture medium added with 0,5 mg L-1 of BAP.

Nutrição e produtividade de grãos da aveia-preta em função da aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície na implantação do sistema plantio direto Nutrition and grain yield of black oat as affected by surface application of lime and phosphogypsum at the establishment of no-tillage system

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Rogério Peres Soratto

2008-04-01

Full Text Available A nutrição e produtividade das culturas podem ser afetadas pelas modificações químicas do solo causadas pela calagem e aplicação de gesso em superfície. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície, na implantação do sistema plantio direto, sobre a nutrição e a produtividade de grãos da aveia-preta, em região de inverno seco, em área anteriormente utilizada com preparo convencional. O experimento foi realizado durante 2003 e 2004, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em Botucatu (SP. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas (18,0 x 5,4 m foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1.100, 2.700 e 4.300 kg ha-1, com PRNT = 71,2 %, e as subparcelas (9,0 x 5,4 m pela aplicação ou não de 2.100 kg ha-1 de gesso agrícola. O aumento no teor de Ca no solo, provocado pela aplicação de calcário e gesso, diminuiu o teor de Mg na folha bandeira da aveia-preta em ano com deficiência hídrica. A aplicação de calcário em superfície aumentou os teores de K e reduziu os de Cu e Fe, e a aplicação de gesso agrícola aumentou o teor de S na folha bandeira da aveia-preta. A calagem em superfície aumentou a produtividade de grãos da aveia-preta, em ano com deficiência hídrica, com efeitos mais pronunciados na presença de aplicação de gesso.Nutrition and crop yield can be affected by chemical modifications of the soil owing to lime and phosphogypsum surface application. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of surface application of lime and phosphogypsum, at the establishment of a no-tillage system, on nutrition and grain yield of black oat, in a dry-winter region, in area previously used with conventional tillage. The experiment was carried out in 2003 and 2004, on a Haplorthox in Botucatu County, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used in a split

Hydrothermal carbonization as innovative technology in sustainable sanitation in Tanzania

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krause, Ariane [Engineers Without Boarders (Germany), Berlin (DE). Project ' ' Carbonization as Sanitation' ' (CaSa)

2011-07-01

The need for sustainable systems is apparent as climate change and other adverse anthropogenic activities continue to negatively affect the soil fertility in Africa. One of the indicators of the loss of soil fertility is the continuous decrease in soil organic matter, which is the major building block of a fertile soil. This is mainly attributed to the inappropriate practice of human-beings of taking more substances from the ecosystem than the amount replaced. As the soil fertility is increasingly lost, food insecurity, due to dropped productivity of the soil, is becoming a critical issue in many areas of Africa, Tanzania is not any different in this respect. On the other hand, most people in rural areas of Africa still lack possibilities to cover their daily energy needs in a more sustainable way and many people mainly rely on firewood. This, in turn, has an adverse impact on the climate and the soil, causing a local viscous circle of poor soil and productivity conditions. Moreover, the sanitation coverage of those areas is very low and there is a need for appropriate sanitation systems. Therefore, the aim of this project is, to conduct research on the possibility of establishing a self-sustaining system for the rural areas of Kagera, Tanzania, to address the three basic issues: sanitation, energy supply and soil fertility. The system consists of a small-scale biogas digester, a urine diverting dehydrating toilet (UDDT) and an adaptive hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) unit. Biogas is produced from crop residues and other domestic organic waste. The fermentation residues and the dehydrated fecal matter from the UDDT is then treated with HTC. The carbonised and sanitized residue is then applied as soil amendment to improve the soil fertility as manifested by the Terra Preta in the Amazon. This holistic approach is a new development in ecological sanitation. Therefore, a comprehensive sustainability assessment including environmental, economic and socio

Produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de aveia preta em função da calagem superficial em plantio direto = Black oat yield and seed physiologic quality under superficial lime application in no tillage system

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Tiago Roque Benetoli da Silva

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de aveia preta em razão da aplicação superficial de calcário em plantio direto, foi realizado um experimento em Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, sob condições de sequeiro. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em que os tratamentos foram constituídos por aplicação superficial de doses de calcário dolomítico (D0 = zero – sem aplicação de calcário; D1 = 1,8 t ha-1 – quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 54%; D2 = 3,6 t ha-1 – quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 68% e D3 = 5,4 t ha-1 – quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 80%, realizada em outubro de 2002. A cultura da aveia preta, cultivar Comum, foi semeada em abril de 2004, no segundo ano após a rotação milheto (primavera, feijão (verão e aveia preta (outono e inverno. Com os resultados obtidos, observou-se ganho de produtividade com a aplicação superficial de calcário, porém sem influenciar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de aveia preta.The experiment carried out in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, in dry conditions, aiming to evaluate the yield and physiologic quality of black oat seeds, under superficial liming in no tillage system. A randomized complete block design was used, with four replications. The treatments were superficial application of different dolomitic lime rates (R0 = zero – without lime; R1 = 1.8 t ha-1 – lime to increase the base saturation at 54%; R2 = 3.6 t ha-1 – lime to increase the base saturation at 68%, and R3 = 5.4 t ha-1 – lime to increase the base saturation at 80%, in October 2002. The blackoat Common cultivar was sowed in April 2004, in second year, after the crop rotation of millet (spring, common bean (summer, black oat (autumn/winter. The results showed that the black oat physiologic quality seed was not affected by

NAMMA MODIS/AQUA AND MODIS/TERRA DEEP BLUE PRODUCTS V1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The NAMMA MODIS/AQUA and MODIS/TERRA Deep Blue Products dataset is a collection of images depicting the aerosol optical depth derived from the MODIS deep blue...

Evaluating Terra MODIS Satellite Sensor Data Products for Maize ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluating Terra MODIS Satellite Sensor Data Products for Maize Yield Estimation in South Africa. C Frost, N Thiebaut, T Newby. Abstract. The Free State Province of the Republic of South Africa contains some of the most important maize-producing areas in South Africa. For this reason this province has also been selected ...

Supervolcanoes within an ancient volcanic province in Arabia Terra, Mars.

Science.gov (United States)

Michalski, Joseph R; Bleacher, Jacob E

2013-10-03

Several irregularly shaped craters located within Arabia Terra, Mars, represent a new type of highland volcanic construct and together constitute a previously unrecognized Martian igneous province. Similar to terrestrial supervolcanoes, these low-relief paterae possess a range of geomorphic features related to structural collapse, effusive volcanism and explosive eruptions. Extruded lavas contributed to the formation of enigmatic highland ridged plains in Arabia Terra. Outgassed sulphur and erupted fine-grained pyroclastics from these calderas probably fed the formation of altered, layered sedimentary rocks and fretted terrain found throughout the equatorial region. The discovery of a new type of volcanic construct in the Arabia volcanic province fundamentally changes the picture of ancient volcanism and climate evolution on Mars. Other eroded topographic basins in the ancient Martian highlands that have been dismissed as degraded impact craters should be reconsidered as possible volcanic constructs formed in an early phase of widespread, disseminated magmatism on Mars.

Produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes pela aveia-preta em função da aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície na implantação do sistema plantio direto Black oat phytomass and nutrient accumulation as affected by surface application of lime and phosphogypsum during establishment of no-tillage system

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Rogério Peres Soratto

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da aplicação de calcário e gesso em superfície, na implantação do sistema plantio direto, sobre a produção de matéria seca e ciclagem de nutrientes pela aveia-preta, foi realizado um experimento, nos anos de 2003 e 2004, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por quatro doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 1.100, 2.700 e 4.300kg ha-1 e as subparcelas pela aplicação ou não de 2.100kg ha-1 de gesso agrícola. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em outubro de 2002. A aplicação de calcário em superfície não afetou a produção de matéria seca da aveia-preta em sistema plantio direto, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de gesso. O teor de Ca e S-SO4(2- no solo e a absorção de S pela cultura da aveia-preta foram incrementados pela aplicação de gesso agrícola. Em ano com menor disponibilidade hídrica, a aplicação de gesso agrícola em superfície favoreceu a produção de matéria seca e aumentou os teores de N e Ca, e o acúmulo de N, Ca, Fe e Zn pela aveia-preta.In order to evaluate the influence of lime and phosphogypsum surface application, during establishment of no-tillage system, on black oat dry matter yield and nutrient cycling, an experiment was carried out during 2003 and 2004, on a Haplorthox. A randomized complete block design, in split-plot arrangement, and four replications was used. The plots consisted of four dolomitic limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300kg ha-1. The subplots were represented by presence or absence of phosphogypsum application (2,100kg ha-1. The treatments were applied in October 2002. Surface application of lime did not affect black oat dry matter yield in no-tillage system, in both presence and absence of phosphogypsum application. Phosphogypsum increased Ca and S-SO4(2- contents in soil and S uptake by black oat crop. In

Comparação de quatro extratores de fósforo de solos Comparison of four extractors of soil phosphorus

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Bernardo Van Raij

1984-01-01

Full Text Available É apresentado um estudo comparativo de quatro métodos de extração de fósforo de solos: a IAC, baseado na extração de 5cm³ de terra com 50ml de H2SO4 0,05N; b Bray I modificado, baseado na extração de 2,5cm³ de terra com 50ml de solução 0,03N em NH4F e 0,025N em HCl; c Olsen, baseado na extração de 2,5cm³ de terra com 50ml de NaHCO3 0,5N a pH 8,5 e d resina, baseado na extração de 5cm³ de terra com 2,5cm³ de resina trocadora de aníons, com agitação por duas horas em suspensão aquosa. Para comparar os métodos determinou-se, para cada um deles, a correlação entre os teores de fósforo nos solos e os resultados de respostas à adubação fosfatada em ensaios de campo, de 16 ensaios de milho e 16 de algodão. Para as duas culturas em conjunto, os valores absolutos dos coeficientes de correlação, para os quatro métodos, foram: a 0,683; b 0,650; c 0,391 e d 0,802, indicando a superioridade do método da resina.A comparative study of four methods used for the extraction of soil phosphorus, is presented. The methods were: a IAC method, based on the extraction of, 5cm³ of soil with 50ml of 0.05N H2SO4; b a modified Bray I method, based on the extraction of 2.5cm³ of soil with 50m1 of a solution 0.03N in NH4F and 0.025N in HCl; c Olsen's method, based on the extraction of 2.5cm³ of soil with 50ml of 0.5N NaHCO3 solution at pH 8.5; d an anion exchange resin method based on the extraction of 5cm³ of soil with 2.5cm³ of an anion exchange resin contained in a polyester netting bag, by shaking in 50ml water. For each method, the correlation coefficients between soil phosphorus and the response to phosphorus fertilization of 16 field experiments of cotton and 16 field experiments of corn were, respectively, 0.683, 0.650, 0.391 and 0.802, indicating the superiority of the anion-exchange resin method for the assessment of soil phosphorus availability.

Teste de envelhecimento precoce para sementes de azevém, aveia preta e milheto Accelerated aging test for ryegrass black oat grass and pearl millet seeds

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Danton Camacho Garcia

1999-06-01

Full Text Available A viabilidade da aplicação e da padronização do teste de envelhecimento precoce em sementes de azevém, aveia preta e milheto foi verificada em três lotes, para cada espécie, com valores iniciais de germinação semelhantes. As sementes de cada lote foram submetidas ao teste por períodos de 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas, à temperatura de 41°C e 100% de umidade relativa do ar. Em aveia preta, o período de 24 horas estratifica lotes de sementes pelo vigor. Para milheto e azevém, o período de envelhecimento para estratificar lotes de sementes pelo vigor pode ser de 24 a 48 horas. Períodos de 72 a 120 horas são muito drásticos para as três espécies e impedem a estratificação de lotes de sementes pelo vigor.Accelerated aging test standardization for seeds of ryegrass, black oat grass and pearl millet was cheked in three lots, of each specie, with similar initial values of germination. The seeds of each lot were submited to periods of 24, 48, 96 and 120 hours of temperature of 41°C and air relative humidity of 100%. In black oat grass the 24h period stratifies seed vigor among lots. However, for pearl millet and ryegrass the period can be of 24 to 48h. Periods of 72 to 120 hours are very severe to the three species and prevent the seed vigor lots stratification.

Crescimento radicular de soja em razão da sucessão de cultivos e da compactação do solo Soybean root growth as affected by previous crop and soil compaction

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Rosemeire Helena da Silva

2002-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o crescimento radicular e produção de matéria seca da parte aérea da soja (Glycine max (L. Merrill cultivada após diversas espécies vegetais, em solo com diferentes níveis de compactação. O trabalho foi realizado em vasos contendo amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho, textura franco arenosa, com camada de 3,5 cm (profundidade de 15 a 18,5 cm compactada até as densidades 1,12, 1,36 e 1,60 Mg m-3, onde cultivaram-se anteriormente aveia-preta, guandu, milheto, mucuna-preta, soja, sorgo granífero e tremoço-azul, e um tratamento sem planta (pousio. Essas espécies se desenvolveram por 37 a 39 dias, foram cortadas ao nível do solo, picadas em partes de aproximadamente 3 cm e deixadas sobre a superfície do vaso por 40 dias. Após esse período, cultivou-se a soja até 28 dias após a emergência, quando, então, as plantas foram colhidas. Foram avaliados produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e de raízes, e comprimento e diâmetro radicular da soja. O cultivo anterior com aveia-preta, guandu e milheto favoreceu o crescimento radicular da soja abaixo de camadas compactadas do solo. Independentemente do nível de compactação, o cultivo anterior com qualquer das espécies estudadas beneficiou a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea da soja.This study aimed at evaluating root growth and shoot dry matter production of soybean (Glycine max (L. Merrill cropped after different vegetal species, in a soil with different compaction levels. The experiment was conducted in pots containing a Dark-Red Latosol (Acrortox, loamy sand, and the pots had a layer 3.5 cm (15 to 18.5 cm thick and 15 cm deep compacted to 1.12, 1.36 and 1.60 Mg m-3. Before soybean, the pots were cropped with black oat, pigeon pea, pearl millet, black mucuna, soybean, grain sorghum and lupin, plus a treatment without plants. These species were grown for 37 to 39 days, when they were cut at soil level, prick in particles of

Rugosidade superficial do solo formada por escarificação e influenciada pela erosividade da chuva Soil surface roughness formed by chiseling and affected by rainfall erosivity

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Wilson Antonio Zoldan Junior

2008-02-01

Full Text Available A rugosidade superficial do solo é influenciada, entre outros fatores, pelo efeito residual de manejo do solo, pelo tipo de preparo e pela erosividade da chuva e, juntamente com a cobertura do solo por resíduos vegetais, influencia a erosão hídrica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, entre junho de 2005 e março de 2006, em um Nitossolo Háplico alumínico típico, o efeito de uma operação de escarificador e da erosividade de chuvas sobre a rugosidade superficial, nos seguintes sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional sem cultivo do solo (SCE, preparo convencional com cultivo do solo (PCE, semeadura direta em solo nunca preparado e com resíduos queimados (SQE e semeadura direta tradicional (STE. Nos tratamentos PCE, SQE e STE, cultivaram-se aveia-preta, soja, ervilhaca comum, milho, aveia-preta, feijão preto, nabo forrageiro, soja, ervilhaca comum, milho e aveia-preta. Aplicaram-se cinco testes de chuva simulada, com 64 mm h-1 e duração de 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 min cada um. Entre o segundo e o terceiro teste de chuva simulada ocorreram 57 mm de chuva natural; entre o terceiro e o quarto, 21 mm; e entre o quarto e o quinto, 30 mm. Determinou-se a rugosidade superficial imediatamente antes e logo após o preparo do solo com escarificador e imediatamente após cada teste de chuva simulada. A rugosidade original e linear da superfície do solo não foi influenciada pelo manejo, enquanto a rugosidade ao acaso teve essa influência, ao final de um pousio de seis meses. Diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo mantidos em pousio por seis meses resultaram em diferente rugosidade original, linear e ao acaso, quando o solo foi submetido à operação de escarificador. A rugosidade ao acaso foi menos influenciada pela declividade do terreno do que pelas marcas de preparo do solo, tendo diminuído com o aumento da erosividade das chuvas. Essa mesma rugosidade apresentou coeficiente de decaimento temporal semelhante nos sistemas de manejo

Dimensionamento de terraços de infiltração pelo método do balanço volumétrico Infiltration terrace design by volumetric balance method

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Jarbas H. de Miranda

2004-12-01

Full Text Available As práticas de conservação de solo permitem o controle de perdas de solo e água em áreas agriculturáveis, objetivando assim a maximização do lucro sem provocar a redução da capacidade produtiva. Ante essa importância, há necessidade de se adotar procedimentos técnicos para o dimensionamento de estruturas conservacionistas. Assim, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, o desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional em linguagem Visual Basic 6.0, para dimensionamento de terraços em nível. O modelo foi aplicado para 3 localidades do Estado de São Paulo (Araçatuba, Piracicaba e Natividade da Serra. Pelos resultados obtidos, os valores da largura da seção parabólica de canais de terraço em nível de 0,5 m de profundidade para as 3 localidades, com período de retorno de 5 anos, foram de 3,30, 3,34 e 3,80 m, respectivamente.Soil conservation practices allow soil and water loss control in agricultural areas, aiming the maximization of profit without provoking reduction of yield potential. There is need to use technical procedures to design soil conservation structures. Therefore, the aim of the present work was the development of a computational model, in Visual Basic 6.0 language, for design of contour terrace. The model was applied for three municipalities of São Paulo State (Araçatuba, Piracicaba and Natividade da Serra. From the results obtained, it may be concluded that the width of a parabolic section contour terrace channel for these localities, with a return period of 5 years, was 3.30, 3.34 and 3.80 m, respectively, with 0,5 m of depth.

Chlorophyll-a, Terra MODIS, OSU DB, 0.0125 degrees, West US, EXPERIMENTAL

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — NOAA CoastWatch distributes chlorophyll-a concentration data from NASA's Terra satellite. Measurements are gathered by the Moderate Resolution Imaging...

The TERRA framework: conceptualizing rural environmental health inequities through an environmental justice lens.

Science.gov (United States)

Butterfield, Patricia; Postma, Julie

2009-01-01

The deleterious consequences of environmentally associated diseases are expressed differentially by income, race, and geography. Scientists are just beginning to understand the consequences of environmental exposures under conditions of poverty, marginalization, and geographic isolation. In this context, we developed the TERRA (translational environmental research in rural areas) framework to explicate environmental health risks experienced by the rural poor. Central to the TERRA framework is the premise that risks exist within physical-spatial, economic-resources, and cultural-ideologic contexts. In the face of scientific and political uncertainty, a precautionary risk reduction approach has the greatest potential to protect health. Conceptual and technical advances will both be needed to achieve environmental justice.

Consistency of two global MODIS aerosol products over ocean on Terra and Aqua CERES SSF datasets

Science.gov (United States)

Ignatov, Alexander; Minnis, Patrick; Wielicki, Bruce; Loeb, Norman G.; Remer, Lorraine A.; Kaufman, Yoram J.; Miller, Walter F.; Sun-Mack, Sunny; Laszlo, Istvan; Geier, Erika B.

2004-12-01

MODIS aerosol retrievals over ocean from Terra and Aqua platforms are available from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) datasets generated at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). Two aerosol products are reported side by side. The primary M product is generated by subsetting and remapping the multi-spectral (0.44 - 2.1 μm) MOD04 aerosols onto CERES footprints. MOD04 processing uses cloud screening and aerosol algorithms developed by the MODIS science team. The secondary (AVHRR-like) A product is generated in only two MODIS bands: 1 and 6 on Terra, and ` and 7 on Aqua. The A processing uses NASA/LaRC cloud-screening and NOAA/NESDIS single channel aerosol algorthm. The M and A products have been documented elsewhere and preliminarily compared using two weeks of global Terra CERES SSF (Edition 1A) data in December 2000 and June 2001. In this study, the M and A aerosol optical depths (AOD) in MODIS band 1 and (0.64 μm), τ1M and τ1A, are further checked for cross-platform consistency using 9 days of global Terra CERES SSF (Edition 2A) and Aqua CERES SSF (Edition 1A) data from 13 - 21 October 2002.

EFEITO DO SISTEMA DE ROTAÇÃO DE TERRA NOS PROCESSOS DE VERTENTE –GUARAPUAVA-PR

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Edivaldo Lopes Thomaz

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O uso da terra é um dos principais fatores controladores dos processos de vertente. A influência do sistema de rotação de terras nos processos hidrológicos de vertente é escasso na região centro-sul do Paraná. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito do sistema de rotação de terras nos processos hidrológicos de vertente declivosa recoberta por solos rasos. Foi realizado mapeamento prévio da área estudada, em seguida foram realizados diversos monitoramentos em campo (ex. características físico-hídricas dos solos, escoamento, umidade do solo e interceptação. A base teórica para interpretação dos processos de vertente seguiu a proposição de DALRYMPLE et al. (1968 (Hypothetical nine-unity lansurface model. Verificou-se que a dinâmica do sistema de rotação de terras aliado a complexidade geomorfopedológica da vertente induz processos hidrológicos subsuperficiais. Esses processos são fundamentais para o desencadeamento de instabilidade nas vertentes através do surgimento e expansão de canais de primeira ordem.

O Comportamento do Preço da Terra Agrícola: um modelo de painel de dados espaciais

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Regina Lúcia Sanches Malassise

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo analisou o comportamento do preço da terra agrícola nos municípios do Paraná no período de 1999-2011. Partindo da revisão bibliográfica dos principais estudos nacionais sobre o tema, foi possível identificar os determinantes do preço da terra e os métodos utilizados. Neste sentido, optou­-se por estimar um modelo para o preço da terra via painel de dados espaciais. As estimativas indicaram que o valor bruto da produção agropecuária, a valorização patrimonial, o financiamento total à agropecuária, a relação investimento-receita municipal, o percentual da área plantada do município com soja e a incorporação da dependência espacial do preço da terra são variáveis que explicam o preço da terra no estado do Paraná. Estas explicariam 84% dos preços e indicaram que há maior ajuste intrapainel, sendo os efeitos espaciais mais intensos no próprio município e em relação ao todo. Em especial, o modelo proposto avançou em termos estruturais, com a incorporação de variáveis coletadas para todos os 399 municípios do Paraná, e em termos metodológicos, ao estimar via painéis de dados a influência dos efeitos de espacialidade sobre o preço da terra agrícola, destacando a importância da localização e da vizinhança na determinação de tal preço.

CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-01-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2005-11-01] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

Terra Nova tow-out poised as next East Coast event

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reid, W.

2001-01-01

This spring, Newfoundland will send off a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) vessel to the offshore Terra Nova field. The Terra Nova will proceed southeast through Bull Arm, then northeast out of Trinity Bay, then heads southeast to the Jeanne d'Arc Basin on the Grand Banks. The Terra Nova is expected to produce 115,000 barrels of oil per day for six years, when it reaches full capacity. The consortium, headed by Petro-Canada as senior ownership partner and operator, built an environment protection program into every aspect of the project. Some of the features of the environment protection program include glory holes excavated on the ocean floor for the protection of production equipment from icebergs, to a flare stack on the platform, which has four legs to provide stability in rough seas. The FPSO was designed to withstand sea ice, icebergs, and severe winter storms. Flow lines are also protected, and in the event that a line is damaged, sea water will leak rather than oil or gas, since the hydrocarbons can be flushed out of the production lines. Safety was ever present during the design phase, where the engineers studied the designs of other platforms and included the best elements in the design of the Terra Nova. The rig possesses an ice-strengthened double hull, reinforced with 3,000 tonnes of steel. A series of tanks are attached to the inside surface of the outer shell for sea water ballasts, while the inner hull holds the crude oil. In addition, an environmental effects monitoring EEM system is in place to gather information for future reference, to assess and detect changes in the marine climate and the ecosystem. The analysis of the information will assist in the determination of the best course of action in the event that remedial action is required. Baseline information was gathered beginning in 1997. Additional sampling will be performed on an annual basis for the next three years. After this period, sampling will be periodical

TERRA and hnRNPA1 orchestrate an RPA-to-POT1 switch on telomeric single-stranded DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Flynn, Rachel Litman; Centore, Richard C; O'Sullivan, Roderick J; Rai, Rekha; Tse, Alice; Songyang, Zhou; Chang, Sandy; Karlseder, Jan; Zou, Lee

2011-03-24

Maintenance of telomeres requires both DNA replication and telomere 'capping' by shelterin. These two processes use two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding proteins, replication protein A (RPA) and protection of telomeres 1 (POT1). Although RPA and POT1 each have a critical role at telomeres, how they function in concert is not clear. POT1 ablation leads to activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinase at telomeres, suggesting that POT1 antagonizes RPA binding to telomeric ssDNA. Unexpectedly, we found that purified POT1 and its functional partner TPP1 are unable to prevent RPA binding to telomeric ssDNA efficiently. In cell extracts, we identified a novel activity that specifically displaces RPA, but not POT1, from telomeric ssDNA. Using purified protein, here we show that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) recapitulates the RPA displacing activity. The RPA displacing activity is inhibited by the telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) in early S phase, but is then unleashed in late S phase when TERRA levels decline at telomeres. Interestingly, TERRA also promotes POT1 binding to telomeric ssDNA by removing hnRNPA1, suggesting that the re-accumulation of TERRA after S phase helps to complete the RPA-to-POT1 switch on telomeric ssDNA. Together, our data suggest that hnRNPA1, TERRA and POT1 act in concert to displace RPA from telomeric ssDNA after DNA replication, and promote telomere capping to preserve genomic integrity.

Liberação de nutrientes durante a decomposição de palha de aveia preta (Avena strigosa com diferentes teores de silício

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. S. Silva

2001-06-01

Full Text Available O Si absorvido pelas plantas é, em sua maior parte, depositado na parte externa da parede celular de folhas como uma camada de sílica amorfa (SiO2.nH2O e poderia afetar a decomposição da palha no solo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da presença deste elemento no tecido vegetal sobre a decomposição da palha, foi desenvolvido um experimento. Nesse experimento, a parte aérea de plantas de aveia preta, cultivadas em solução nutritiva com e sem adição de Si, foi incubada em tubos de PVC com areia e solo. Aos 6, 14, 30, 66, 100 e 182 dias, foram realizadas percolações com água destilada e determinados os teores de Si, carbono orgânico solúvel, N mineral, Ca, Mg, Na e K. Os resultados dos teores dos elementos na água percolada em cada período foram convertidos em quantidade liberada por kg de substrato (solo ou areia e acumulados no tempo para serem utilizados como índices da decomposição da palha. Em todos os parâmetros avaliados, não houve diferença significativa entre a palha c/Si e s/Si, exceto para o teor de Si e este somente quando a palha foi decomposta na areia. O silício absorvido pelas plantas de aveia preta, quando comparado com plantas cultivadas sem adição deste elemento, não alterou a liberação de carbono e nutrientes presentes na água de percolação durante o período de 182 dias da decomposição da palha.

75 FR 1052 - Terra-Gen Dixie Valley, LLC; TGP Dixie Development Company, LLC; New York Canyon, LLC; Notice of...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-08

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL10-29-000] Terra-Gen Dixie Valley, LLC; TGP Dixie Development Company, LLC; New York Canyon, LLC; Notice of Filing December 30, 2009. Take notice that on December 24, 2009, Terra-Gen Dixie Valley, LLC, TGP Dixie Development Company, LLC...

The Unique Geomorphology and Physical Properties of the Vestalia Terra Plateau

Science.gov (United States)

Buczkowski, D.L.; Wyrick, D.Y.; Toplis, M.; Yingst, R. A.; Williams, D. A.; Garry, W. B.; Mest, S.; Kneissl, T.; Scully, J. E. C.; Nathues, A.;

Il nucleo terrestre: il cuore magnetico della Terra

OpenAIRE

De Santis, A.

2006-01-01

Il campo magnetico terrestre è una proprietà intrinseca del nostro pianeta e di altri oggetti del sistema solare. Il Sole stesso possiede un forte campo magnetico che si inverte quasi ciclicamente ogni 10-11 anni; tale comportamento è visibile attraverso la medesima ciclicità delle macchie solari che denotano sulla superficie l’intensa attività magnetica della nostra stella. Il campo magnetico terrestre è importantissimo per la vita sulla Terra. Esso protegge il pianeta dalle p...

Desenvolvimento e validação de modelo de previsão para mancha preta dos citros em função de variáveis meteorológicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Vilela Lopes Ninin

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A mancha preta dos citros é uma doença causada pelo fungo Guignardia citricarpa que produz lesões em frutos em variedades de laranja doce comerciais, causando a queda precoce dos frutos, diminuindo a produtividade e levando a sua depreciação para o mercado de fruta fresca. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um modelo de favorabilidade climática da mancha preta dos citros relacionado a ocorrência dos sintomas da doença no Estado de São Paulo. Desenvolveu-se um sistema empírico com base em um banco de dados da ocorrência da doença e das condições climáticas, em campo, nos municípios de Barretos/SP e Gavião Peixoto/SP, durante as Safras 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. A variedade de laranjeira doce utilizada nos experimentos foi a 'Valência' enxertada sobre limoeiro 'Cravo', com 10 anos de idade. Para a incidência da mancha preta foi avaliada a porcentagem de frutos com sintomas na planta e para a severidade, a porcentagem de casca lesionada por fruto. Na análise de regressão as variáveis climáticas e os dados de intensidade de doença de Barretos foram selecionados no procedimento 'stepwise'. As melhores equações de regressão foram selecionadas pelo coeficiente de determinação (R² e pela significância da regressão no teste F (P < 0,05 e P < 0,01 que resultou na equação Y= -502,43 + 9,61 X10 + 4,78 X30 + 0,54 X46 - 7,9 X50 em que Y=Índice de Favorabilidade, X10 é a temperatura média, X30 é a umidade relativa média, X46 é o molhamento foliar e X50 é a temperatura média durante o molhamento foliar, determinados com dados de intervalos de sete dias. Procedeu-se a validação no campo no município de Gavião Peixoto durante a Safra 2008/2009, realizando a correlação entre a incidência e severidade observadas no experimento e os dados previstos que foram os determinados pela equação, sendo que a correlação mostrou-se positiva para a incidência da doença com um R²=0,87.

GEMAS: Geochemical distribution of iodine in European agricultural soil

Science.gov (United States)

Birke, Manfred; Reimann, Clemens; Ladenberger, Anna; Négrel, Philippe; Rauch, Uwe; Demetriades, Alecos; Korte, Frank; Dinelli, Enrico

2017-04-01

Iodine concentrations are reported for the climate, soil formation processes, and geology (parent material, in some cases mineralisation). The distribution of anomalous I concentrations is likely a reflection of I input from atmospheric and marine sources, as well as the accumulation of I as a result of sorption on organic material. Across Europe, high I areas correlate well with soil with elevated TOC values. This is particularly evident for the western coastal areas of Ireland, UK, Norway, Galicia and France, where the organic matter content in the soil is generally high. The continuous supply of I from sea spray represents a potential source for high and elevated I concentrations. In the coastal zones of SE Spain, SE Ukraine and SW Croatia the I concentration in Ap samples is usually high. Along the eastern Adriatic coast as well as in South-East Ukraine and in the Crimea the elevated and anomalous I concentrations correspond well with the distribution of terra rossa soils developed on karst and organic-rich soils (black soil). In SE Spain the I enriched soils are most likely related to the occurrence of evaporites. The comparison of I background values (medians) based on the parent materials demonstrates a higher I content in soils over limestone and shale. Iodine-low soil areas (Iberian Peninsula) and glacial and aeolian deposits (NW Ukraine).

The interactions of bacteria with fungi in soil: emerging concepts.

Science.gov (United States)

Haq, Irshad Ul; Zhang, Miaozhi; Yang, Pu; van Elsas, Jan Dirk

2014-01-01

In this chapter, we review the existing literature on bacterial-fungal interactions in soil, exploring the role fungi may play for soil bacteria as providers of hospitable niches. A focus is placed on the mycosphere, i.e., the narrow zone of influence of fungal hyphae on the external soil milieu, in which hypha-associated bacterial cells dwell. Evidence is brought forward for the contention that the hyphae of both mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi serve as providers of ecological opportunities in a grossly carbon-limited soil, as a result of their release of carbonaceous compounds next to the provision of a colonizable surface. Soil bacteria of particular nature are postulated to have adapted to such selection pressures, evolving to the extent that they acquired capabilities that allow them to thrive in the novel habitat created by the emerging fungal hyphae. The mechanisms involved in the interactions and the modes of genetic adaptation of the mycosphere dwellers are discussed, with an emphasis on one key mycosphere-adapted bacterium, Burkholderia terrae BS001. In this discussion, we interrogate the positive interactions between soil fungi and bacteria, and refrain from considering negative interactions. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Western Aphrodite Terra, tectonics, geology, and line-of-sight gravity

Science.gov (United States)

Hays, John E.; Morgan, Paul

1992-01-01

Aphrodite Terra is the largest area of high-standing topography on Venus, and isostatic considerations strongly suggest that this high topography is supported at least in part by thickened crust. Previous studies of line-of-sight gravity data from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter indicate rapidly changing apparent depths of compensation across Aphrodite Terra. Magellan imaging data provide the first detailed images of this region, and we are mapping the region along Pioneer Venus orbit 440 to investigate whether the changing apparent depths of compensation correlate with changes in surficial tectonics. Preliminary mapping of geological features on Magellan images along the path of Pioneer Venus orbit 440 do not indicate a first-order correlation among surface features and changes in the apparent depth of compensation of line-of-sight gravity data. The apparent depth of compensation appears to be most variable in regions dominated by tessera, but not all areas of tessera have distinct gravity signatures. There is a weak correlation among areas in which impact craters are relatively common and areas in which the observed and predicted gravity anomalies are poorly correlated.

Características florais e carpométricas e germinação in vitro de grãos de pólen de cultivares de amoreira‑preta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madeleine Alves de Figueiredo

2013-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características florais e carpométricas, a viabilidade dos grãos de pólen e a capacidade germinativa de sementes de cultivares de amoreira‑preta. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Brazos, Caingangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Guarani, BRS Tupy e Ébano. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com as oito cultivares e dez repetições. Foram feitas avaliações quanto a: número de estames, carpelos, pétalas e sépalas; composição do meio de cultura; número de grãos de pólen por antera e por flor; taxa de germinação de grãos de pólen; percentagem de frutificação; massa de matéria fresca, dimensões e número de sementes dos frutos; massa e dimensões dos drupetes; e percentagem de emergência de plântulas. O meio de cultura estabelecido para as cultivares de amoreira‑preta foi acrescido de 90 g L‑1 de sacarose e 400 mg L‑1 de ácido bórico, com pH aferido para 6,5 e meio solidificado com 8 g L‑1 de ágar. 'Caingangue', 'Ébano' e 'BRS Tupy' apresentaram baixa germinação de grãos de pólen. 'Ébano' apresentou frutos arredondados e com poucos drupetes. 'Choctaw' e 'Comanche' apresentaram baixa percentagem de emergência de plântulas. 'Brazos' destacou-se na maioria das características avaliadas e é considerada como boa progenitora para programas de melhoramento genético.

Cobertura do solo, produção de biomassa e teores de Mn e Zn de alface no sistema orgânico = Soil covering, biomass production, and Mn and Zn content of lettuce in organic system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Átila Francisco Mógor

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da cobertura do solo com aveia preta e manutenção da palha sobre o terreno, bem como cobertura do solo com filme de polietileno preto, sobre a produção de biomassa e teores de Mn e Zn em alface cultivada no sistema orgânico, por dois anos consecutivos. Utilizaram-se cinco tratamentos: solo sem cobertura, coberto com filme de polietileno preto, coberto com aveia acamada, coberto com aveia ceifada e solo coberto com aveia na sua forma natural,para o cultivo de três cultivares de alface. O experimento seguiu delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e análise estatística com parcelas subdivididas. Concluiu-se que o cultivo de alface em sucessão à aveia preta,sobre a palha, promoveu produção satisfatória e apresentou adequados teores demanganês e zinco, equivalentes àqueles encontrados na literatura em diferentes sistemas de cultivo, e a cobertura do solo com plástico preto promoveu produção satisfatória com maior acúmulo de Zn no primeiro ano e menor de Mn no segundo.The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil covering with black oat straw, as well as soil covered with black plastic, on the production of biomass and levels of Mn and Zn in lettuce produced in an organic system, over two consecutive years. Five treatments were used: soil without cover, covered with black plastic,covered with laying oats, covered with harvested oats, and covered with oat straw in natural form, for growing three cultivars of lettuce. A randomized blocks design was used in a splitplot system, with four replications. It was concluded that soil covered with oat straw promoted satisfactory lettuce production, as well as adequate Mn and Zn content in plants,equivalent to those found in studies conducted under different growing systems; the soil covered with black plastic promoted satisfactory production and higher Zn content after thefirst year, and lower Mn

CERES ERBE-like Instantaneous TOA Estimates (ES-8) in HDF (CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ES-8 archival data product contains a 24-hour, single-satellite, instantaneous view of scanner fluxes at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reduced from spacecraft altitude unfiltered radiances using Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanner Inversion algorithms and the ERBE shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) Angular Distribution Models (ADMs). The ES-8 also includes the total (TOT), SW, LW, and window (WN) channel radiometric data; SW, LW, and WN unfiltered radiance values; and the ERBE scene identification for each measurement. These data are organized according to the CERES 3.3-second scan into 6.6-second records. As long as there is one valid scanner measurement within a record, the ES-8 record will be generated. The following CERES ES8 data sets are currently available: CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES8_TRMM-PFM_Transient-Ops2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES8_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES8_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES8_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1997-12-27; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Temporal_Resolution=1 day; Temporal_Resolution_Range=Daily - < Weekly].

Calibração e avaliação do modelo ORYZA-APSIM para o arroz de terras altas no Brasil

OpenAIRE

Rogério Lorençoni

2010-01-01

Com o objetivo de calibrar e avaliar o modelo ORYZA-APSIM para o arroz de terras altas no Brasil, foram conduzidos dezessete experimentos pela EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, em quatro regiões brasileiras (Santo Antônio de Goiás-GO, Sorriso-MT, Gurupi-TO e Teresina-PI) produtoras de arroz de terras altas, entre as safras de 2005/2006 e 2008/2009. O modelo foi calibrado e avaliado para a variedade cultivada de arroz de terras altas BRS-Primavera. Os dados da calibração foram obtidos de dois experiment...

INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR OF GOATS IN RYEGRASS AND BLACK OAT PASTURES IN PURE OR MIXTURE CULTURE COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE CAPRINOS EM PASTAGEM DE AZEVÉM E AVEIA PRETA EM CULTIVO PURO E CONSORCIADO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro

2009-07-01

preference and ingestion rate. The averages of pastures height was higher (p>0.05 in ryegrass and mixture, and in other pastures evaluations ryegrass was superior (p<0.05 to the others treatments. The grazing time of goats in ryegrass and black oat was superior (p<0.05 to the mixture. The bite rate per minute was higher (p<0.05 in black oat. The goats demonstrated preference for ryegrass and black oat in pure culture. O experimento foi realizado em Campo Largo, PR, para avaliação do comportamento ingestivo de caprinos diante das espécies forrageiras azevém e aveia-preta em cultivo puro e consorciado, no período de 4 julho a 5 de agosto de 2004. As forrageiras foram aplicadas em piquetes com 630 m2 cada, alocadas em um delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos e três repetições. Nas avaliações de pastejo utilizaram-se doze cabras, distribuídas em três piquetes experimentais com quatro animais cada. Previamente às avaliações de pastejo, procedeu-se a medições na pastagem, como altura, massa total de forragem e dos componentes lâmina foliar e colmo com bainha. Fez-se a avaliação dos animais pela preferência e velocidade de ingestão. Os tratamentos azevém e consorciado mostraram-se superiores (p<0,05 à aveia-preta na altura média da pastagem, sendo que nas demais avaliações da pastagem o azevém foi superior (p<0,05 aos demais tratamentos. O tempo de pastejo dos caprinos no tratamento azevém e aveia-preta foi superior (p<0,05 ao consorciado. A taxa de bocados por minuto foi maior (p<0,05 no tratamento aveia-preta. Os caprinos apresentaram preferência pelos tratamentos azevém e aveia-preta em cultivo puro.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Avena strigosa Schreb, bocado, caprinos, Lolium multiflorum Lam, preferência.

Coberturas do solo e crescimento da macieira na implantação de um pomar em sistema orgânico de produção Soil coverage and apple tree growth on the establishment of an orchard under organic production system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tânia Regina Pelizza

2009-09-01

Full Text Available O uso de coberturas é uma estratégia de manejo do solo que pode influenciar no desenvolvimento de plantas de espécies frutíferas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da macieira, na fase de implantação de um pomar, em resposta ao uso de diferentes materiais e plantas de cobertura de solo. O pomar foi implantado em 2003, em Vacaria-RS, com a cv. Galaxy, sendo conduzido no sistema de produção orgânico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, envolvendo os seguintes tratamentos nas linhas de plantio: testemunha (sem manejo da cobertura do solo, capina, plástico preto, sombrite, serragem de pínus, acícula de pínus, palha de capim-rabo-de-burro, azevém, aveia-preta, aveia-preta + ervilhaca, aveia-preta + nabo-forrageiro, azevém + trevo-branco + espécies espontâneas e roçada. A cobertura do solo por plantas espontâneas foi avaliada mensalmente no período de primavera-verão, durante dois anos, sendo relacionada com o desenvolvimento da macieira. Os tratamentos capina, plástico preto, acícula de pínus e palha de capim-rabo-de-burro mantiveram a cobertura do solo por plantas espontâneas inferior a 20 %. A altura e o diâmetro das plantas de macieira diminuíram à medida que aumentou a cobertura do solo por plantas espontâneas, evidenciando competição entre ambas.Soil cover is one of the options for weed management in the orchard but this might affect fruit trees development. The objective of this work was to evaluate apple trees growth during the orchard establishment stage by using different materials and soil cover plants. The experimental apple orchard was planted in 2003, in Vacaria, RS, Southern of Brazil, with the cv. Galaxy managed under organic system. The experiment followed the randomized block design, with three replications. The treatments were applied in the tree rows, as follows: control (without weed management, manual weeding, black plastic film, black net

EOSDIS Terra Data Sampler #1: Western US Wildfires 2000. 1.1

Science.gov (United States)

Perkins, Dorothy C. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This CD-ROM contains sample data in HDF-EOS format from the instruments on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite: (1) Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER); (2) Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); (3) Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR); and (4) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Data from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument were not available for distribution (as of October 17, 2000). The remotely sensed, coincident data for the Western US wildfires were acquired August 30, 2000. This CD-ROM provides information about the Terra mission, instruments, data, and viewing tools. It also provides the Collage tool for viewing data, and links to Web sites containing other digital data processing software. Full granules of the data on this CD-ROM and other EOS Data and Information System (EOSDIS) data products are available from the NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs).

Eficiência da estabilização do solo e qualidade de tijolos prensados de terra crua tratada com aditivos químicos, avaliadas pela combinação de testes destrutivos e não-destrutivos Efficiency of soil stabilization and quality of bricks manufactured with soil added with chemical additives and evaluated through the association of destrutive and non-destructive methods

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Régis de C. Ferreira

2004-12-01

Full Text Available A qualidade de tijolos prensados de terra crua tratada quimicamente é influenciada basicamente pelo tipo de solo, adições químicas e período de cura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a combinação de métodos destrutivos e não-destrutivos associados à análise estatística, para a avaliação da qualidade e da eficiência da estabilização de tijolos prensados de terra crua tratada com cimento, cal e silicato de sódio. Os teores de cimento e cal foram 0; 6 e 10%, e a dose de silicato de sódio foi de 4% em relação ao peso seco da mistura solo-aditivo. Após a sua moldagem, os tijolos foram submetidos à cura durante os períodos de 7; 28; 56 e 91 dias. As propriedades físico-mecânicas dos tijolos foram determinadas por meio de testes destrutivos, tais como a resistência à compressão simples e a absorção de água, e não-destrutivos por meio do ensaio acústico do ultra-som. Adotou-se o parâmetro "resistência anisotrópica" para simplificar as interpretações estatísticas. A adição química que conferiu a melhor qualidade técnica aos tijolos, foi a de 10% de cimento. O parâmetro resistência anisotrópica mostrou-se promissor com vistas à avaliação da qualidade técnica dos tijolos.The aim of this research was the studying of the efficiency of soil stabilization and the technical quality of bricks manufactured with two types of soil treated with chemical additives. For this purpose a sandy soil and a clayey one were added of Portland cement, lime and sodium silicate being their mechanical characteristics evaluated through both non-destructive and destructive methods. The Portland cement and lime admixture contents were 0; 6 and 10%, and the sodium silicate dosage was 4%. Those two methods were associated in order to describe precisely a quantitative parameter called "anisotropical resistance". The results showed that such a parameter could be used as a good index for brick's technical quality evaluation.

Data Descriptor: TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958-2015

Science.gov (United States)

John T. Abatzoglou; Solomon Z. Dobrowski; Sean A. Parks; Katherine C. Hegewisch

2018-01-01

We present TerraClimate, a dataset of high-spatial resolution (1/24°, ~4-km) monthly climate and climatic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces from 1958–2015. TerraClimate uses climatically aided interpolation, combining high-spatial resolution climatological normals from the WorldClim dataset, with coarser resolution time varying (i.e., monthly) data from...

Rendimento do feijoeiro irrigado cultivado no inverno em sucessão de culturas, sob diferentes preparos do solo = Irrigated winter common bean crop yield in crop succession, under different soil management

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Matheus Gustavo da Silva

2006-07-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental, localizada no município de Selvíria, Estado do Mato do Grosso do Sul, durante a safra 2003/04, objetivando verificar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do feijoeiro de inverno irrigado, cultivado após diferentes culturas de verão (arroz, milho, milho + capim braquiária, milho + mucuna-preta, soja e Crotalaria juncea, sob diferentes preparos do solo (escarificador + grade niveladora, grade aradora + grade niveladora, e plantio direto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualisados, disposto em esquema de faixas, com quatro repetições. Não houve interação significativa entre as culturas de verão e os preparos do solo. As culturas de verão que apresentaram maior porcentagem de recobrimento do solo e rendimento de matéria seca foram a Crotalaria juncea, milho + mucuna-preta, milho + capim braquiária e milho. Os preparos do solo e as culturas de verão não influenciaram o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro, bem como seus componentes de produção e sua produtividade.The study was carried out in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State,during 2003 and 2004, aiming to evaluate the development and grain yield of common bean irrigated in winter , cultivated after different summer crops (corn, rice, corn + braquiaria grass, corn + black velvet bean, soybean and sunnhep under different soil management(moldboard-plow + leveling disk, disk-plow + leveling disk and no-tillage. The experimental design was randomized blocks in stripes scheme, with four repetitions. There was not any interaction among the used summer crops and the soil management systems. The summercrops that presented larger recovering percentage and shoot dry matter production were sunnhep, corn + black velvet bean, corn + braquiaria grass and corn. The soil management and summer crops do not influence the common bean development, as well as its yieldcomponents and productivity.

A cobertura vegetal de inverno e a adubação orgânica e, ou, mineral influenciando a sucessão feijão/milho

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F. Andreola

2000-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da cobertura vegetal de inverno, constituída de uma associação de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb com nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L., da adubação orgânica com esterco de aves e da adubação mineral sobre o rendimento de grãos da sucessão feijão/milho numa Terra Roxa Estruturada do estado de Santa Catarina. A cobertura do solo influenciou o rendimento de grãos de feijão, mas não o de milho. Isto pode ser atribuído à produção de uma safra de feijão antes do estabelecimento da cultura do milho e ao fato de a associação de aveia preta com nabo forrageiro apresentar uma relação C/N mais estreita que a da aveia. Independentemente do uso da cobertura vegetal, a prática da adubação promoveu aumento do rendimento de grãos de feijão, enquanto o de milho só foi favorecido no tratamento sem cobertura, não havendo distinção entre os tipos de adubo.

Irrigated Grassland Monitoring Using a Time Series of TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed X-Band SAR Data

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Mohammad El Hajj

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of radar signals in the X-band in irrigated grassland conditions. The backscattered radar signals were analyzed according to soil moisture and vegetation parameters using linear regression models. A time series of radar (TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed and optical (SPOT and LANDSAT images was acquired at a high temporal frequency in 2013 over a small agricultural region in southeastern France. Ground measurements were conducted simultaneously with the satellite data acquisitions during several grassland growing cycles to monitor the evolution of the soil and vegetation characteristics. The comparison between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI computed from optical images and the in situ Leaf Area Index (LAI showed a logarithmic relationship with a greater scattering for the dates corresponding to vegetation well developed before the harvest. The correlation between the NDVI and the vegetation parameters (LAI, vegetation height, biomass, and vegetation water content was high at the beginning of the growth cycle. This correlation became insensitive at a certain threshold corresponding to high vegetation (LAI ~2.5 m2/m2. Results showed that the radar signal depends on variations in soil moisture, with a higher sensitivity to soil moisture for biomass lower than 1 kg/m². HH and HV polarizations had approximately similar sensitivities to soil moisture. The penetration depth of the radar wave in the X-band was high, even for dense and high vegetation; flooded areas were visible in the images with higher detection potential in HH polarization than in HV polarization, even for vegetation heights reaching 1 m. Lower sensitivity was observed at the X-band between the radar signal and the vegetation parameters with very limited potential of the X-band to monitor grassland growth. These results showed that it is possible to track gravity irrigation and soil moisture variations from SAR

MODIS/Terra Aerosol 5-Min L2 Swath 10km V5.1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator crossing time) as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. MODIS...

Biochar-based water treatment systems as a potential low-cost and sustainable technology for clean water provision.

Science.gov (United States)

Gwenzi, Willis; Chaukura, Nhamo; Noubactep, Chicgoua; Mukome, Fungai N D

2017-07-15

Approximately 600 million people lack access to safe drinking water, hence achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030) calls for rapid translation of recent research into practical and frugal solutions within the remaining 13 years. Biochars, with excellent capacity to remove several contaminants from aqueous solutions, constitute an untapped technology for drinking water treatment. Biochar water treatment has several potential merits compared to existing low-cost methods (i.e., sand filtration, boiling, solar disinfection, chlorination): (1) biochar is a low-cost and renewable adsorbent made using readily available biomaterials and skills, making it appropriate for low-income communities; (2) existing methods predominantly remove pathogens, but biochars remove chemical, biological and physical contaminants; (3) biochars maintain organoleptic properties of water, while existing methods generate carcinogenic by-products (e.g., chlorination) and/or increase concentrations of chemical contaminants (e.g., boiling). Biochars have co-benefits including provision of clean energy for household heating and cooking, and soil application of spent biochar improves soil quality and crop yields. Integrating biochar into the water and sanitation system transforms linear material flows into looped material cycles, consistent with terra preta sanitation. Lack of design information on biochar water treatment, and environmental and public health risks constrain the biochar technology. Seven hypotheses for future research are highlighted under three themes: (1) design and optimization of biochar water treatment; (2) ecotoxicology and human health risks associated with contaminant transfer along the biochar-soil-food-human pathway, and (3) life cycle analyses of carbon and energy footprints of biochar water treatment systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

TERRA REF: Advancing phenomics with high resolution, open access sensor and genomics data

Science.gov (United States)

LeBauer, D.; Kooper, R.; Burnette, M.; Willis, C.

2017-12-01

Automated plant measurement has the potential to improve understanding of genetic and environmental controls on plant traits (phenotypes). The application of sensors and software in the automation of high throughput phenotyping reflects a fundamental shift from labor intensive hand measurements to drone, tractor, and robot mounted sensing platforms. These tools are expected to speed the rate of crop improvement by enabling plant breeders to more accurately select plants with improved yields, resource use efficiency, and stress tolerance. However, there are many challenges facing high throughput phenomics: sensors and platforms are expensive, currently there are few standard methods of data collection and storage, and the analysis of large data sets requires high performance computers and automated, reproducible computing pipelines. To overcome these obstacles and advance the science of high throughput phenomics, the TERRA Phenotyping Reference Platform (TERRA-REF) team is developing an open-access database of high resolution sensor data. TERRA REF is an integrated field and greenhouse phenotyping system that includes: a reference field scanner with fifteen sensors that can generate terrabytes of data each day at mm resolution; UAV, tractor, and fixed field sensing platforms; and an automated controlled-environment scanner. These platforms will enable investigation of diverse sensing modalities, and the investigation of traits under controlled and field environments. It is the goal of TERRA REF to lower the barrier to entry for academic and industry researchers by providing high-resolution data, open source software, and online computing resources. Our project is unique in that all data will be made fully public in November 2018, and is already available to early adopters through the beta-user program. We will describe the datasets and how to use them as well as the databases and computing pipeline and how these can be reused and remixed in other phenomics pipelines

Razão de perdas de terra e fator C da cultura do cafeeiro em cinco espaçamentos, em Pindorama (SP Soil loss ratio and C factor for coffee plantations in five spacings in Pindorama, State of São Paulo, Brazil

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Daniel Prochnow

2005-02-01

Full Text Available hídrica em culturas perenes, embora tais dados sejam imprescindíveis ao planejamento conservacionista e estudos de modelagem de erosão. Dados de um experimento de perdas de terra e água sob chuva natural em Pindorama (SP, de julho de 1960 a junho de 1972, foram usados para o cálculo da razão de perdas de terra (RPT e do fator C da equação universal de perdas de solo, em cinco espaçamentos na cultura do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.. Foram estabelecidas parcelas com espaçamentos de 3,0 x 0,5 m, 3,0 x 1,0 m, 3,0 x 2,0 m, 3,0 x 3,0 m e 4,0 x 2,0 m em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico textura arenosa/média com declividade média de 0,100 m m-1. O ciclo da cultura foi dividido em dois estádios: do plantio aos 60 meses e dos 60 aos 144 meses. Os resultados mostraram que: (a as perdas anuais de terra e água para a cultura do cafeeiro foram de 4 Mg ha-1 e 18 mm respectivamente; (b os valores de RPT para o cafeeiro foram de 0,1346, 0,0883, 0,1015, 0,1422 e 0,1001 Mg ha-1 Mg-1 ha, para os espaçamentos 3,0 x 0,5 m, 3,0 x 1,0 m, 3,0 x 2,0 m, 3,0 x 3,0 m e 4,0 x 2,0 m respectivamente; (c a magnitude do fator C, para os referidos espaçamentos, foi, respectivamente, de 0,1354, 0,0866, 0,0995, 0,1412 e 0,1004 Mg ha-1 Mg-1 ha; (d as RPTs e os fatores C variaram amplamente entre os espaçamentos, bem como e, mais expressivamente, entre os estádios da cultura, indicando forte efeito do espaçamento e da cobertura vegetal; (e o espaçamento 3,0 x 1,0 mostrou-se mais eficiente na redução da erosão hídrica na cultura do cafeeiro.Brazilian literature lacks data on soil and water loss by water erosion in perennial crops although such data would be essential for conservation planning and erosion modeling studies. Data of soil and water loss under natural rainfall (July 1960 to June 1972 in Pindorama, State of São Paulo, Brazil, were used to calculate the soil loss ratio (SLR and C factor for the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE in coffee

Reduction of potatos due to hydric soil erosion using space technology

Science.gov (United States)

Guyot, E. C.; Ríos, V. H.; Zelaya, D. K.; Soria, F.; Ríos, E.; Padilla, P.

The potato's crop is in the fourth ranking of economic importance in the agricultural Gross Income of Tucuman. The geographical location of its production area makes essential the handling of the hydric soil erosion problems. The purpose of this work is to improve potato crop irrigation management using space information combined with farm practice. The field measurements were carried out using Wide Area Differential Global Position Systems FUGRO OMNISTAR, total station, and double frequency Global Position Systems. The crop irrigation was pursued through scheduling irrigation's software whose input comes from satellites of the Matutinal Constellation (LandSat 7, SACC and TERRA). The preliminary results allowed reprograming the irrigation practices for the new crop's campaign in order to decrease hydric soil erosion.

Uso da terra e a qualidade microbiana de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo

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Rogério Melloni

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A maioria dos estudos relacionados à agregação do solo associa o efeito de manejos ou tipos de uso da terra ao teor de matéria orgânica. No entanto, a avaliação de microrganismos e seus processos, feita diretamente em estruturas indeformadas do solo, permite maior entendimento do real efeito de diferentes tipos de manejos exercidos sobre esse. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar modificações impostas por diferentes tipos de uso da terra (pastagem, mata de eucalipto, mata com araucária, plantio convencional com cenoura e plantio convencional com abóbora em atributos químicos (pH, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, S e matéria orgânica e físicos (diâmetro médio geométrico - DMG, diâmetro médio ponderado - DMP, densidade do solo e densidade de partículas e na qualidade microbiana (atividade e carbono microbianos, micélio extrarradicular total de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e quociente metabólico - qCO2 de classes de tamanho de agregados (I- 4,00 a 2,36 mm; II- 2,36 a 1,18 mm; III- 1,18 a 0,60 mm; IV- 0,60 a 0,30 mm; e V- 0,30 a 0,15 mm de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, no sul de Minas Gerais. Os resultados evidenciaram que os tipos de uso da terra interferem na formação, no tamanho e na qualidade microbiana dos agregados. Em agregados menores (classes IV e V, há redução de micélio extrarradicular de fungos e biomassa microbiana e aumento da atividade e do quociente metabólico, independentemente do tipo de uso da terra. A qualidade microbiana de agregados maiores do solo sob mata de araucária, com tamanho entre 0,60 e 4,00 mm (I, II e III, é semelhante a todas as classes de tamanho de agregados do solo sob mata de eucalipto, enquanto a de agregados menores de 0,60 mm (IV e V é semelhante a todas de tamanho de agregados da pastagem. Agregados do cultivo convencional, diferentemente dos demais tipos de uso da terra, apresentam baixa qualidade microbiana e relação com a fertilidade do solo.

Avaliação do projeto Cédula da Terra (1997-2002

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João Márcio Mendes Pereira

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O artigo avalia o projeto-piloto Cédula da Terra, inspirado no modelo de "reforma agrária assistida pelo mercado" do Banco Mundial, implementado a partir de 1994 sob formatos diferenciados, em países marcados por graves problemas agrários e fortes tensões sociais no campo, como Colômbia, África do Sul, Guatemala e Filipinas. No Brasil, o Cédula foi implantado em cinco Estados da federação e foi aclamado pelo Banco como uma experiência exitosa e exemplar. A partir dele surgiram outros programas similares em maior escala. O artigo interroga se o diagnóstico do Banco Mundial de fato se justifica e se o Cédula constituiu mesmo uma referência viável a ser replicada em maior escala no Brasil.The article evaluates the pilot-project Cédula da Terra, inspired on the "market-assisted land reform" model of the World Bank, implemented since 1994 under various formats in countries marked by the deep agrarian problems and strong social tensions in the countryside, such as Colombia, South Africa, Guatemala and the Philippines. In Brazil, the project was implemented in five states of the federation and was acclaimed by the Bank as a successful and textbook experience. From it were developed other similar programs on a large scale. The article questions if the World Bank's diagnostics are indeed justifiable and if the Cédula da Terra was really a viable reference to be replicated in Brazil in larger scale.

TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958–2015

OpenAIRE

Abatzoglou, John T.; Dobrowski, Solomon Z.; Parks, Sean A.; Hegewisch, Katherine C.

2018-01-01

We present TerraClimate, a dataset of high-spatial resolution (1/24°, ~4-km) monthly climate and climatic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces from 1958–2015. TerraClimate uses climatically aided interpolation, combining high-spatial resolution climatological normals from the WorldClim dataset, with coarser resolution time varying (i.e., monthly) data from other sources to produce a monthly dataset of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and sol...

Detection and Characterization of Hedgerows Using TerraSAR-X Imagery

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Julie Betbeder

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Whilst most hedgerow functions depend upon hedgerow structure and hedgerow network patterns, in many ecological studies information on the fragmentation of hedgerows network and canopy structure is often retrieved in the field in small areas using accurate ground surveys and estimated over landscapes in a semi-quantitative manner. This paper explores the use of radar SAR imagery to (i detect hedgerow networks; and (ii describe the hedgerow canopy heterogeneity using TerraSAR-X imagery. The extraction of hedgerow networks was achieved using an object-oriented method using two polarimetric parameters: the Single Bounce and the Shannon Entropy derived from one TerraSAR-X image. The hedgerow canopy heterogeneity estimated from field measurements was compared with two backscattering coefficients and three polarimetric parameters derived from the same image. The results show that the hedgerow network and its fragmentation can be identified with a very good accuracy (Kappa index: 0.92. This study also reveals the high correlation between one polarimetric parameter, the Shannon entropy, and the canopy fragmentation measured in the field. Therefore, VHSR radar images can both precisely detect the presence of wooded hedgerow networks and characterize their structure, which cannot be achieved with optical images.

Mineralogical, chemical, organic and microbial properties of subsurface soil cores from Mars Desert Research Station (Utah, USA): Phyllosilicate and sulfate analogues to Mars mission landing sites

Science.gov (United States)

Stoker, Carol R.; Clarke, Jonathan; Direito, Susana O. L.; Blake, David; Martin, Kevin R.; Zavaleta, Jhony; Foing, Bernard

2011-07-01

We collected and analysed soil cores from four geologic units surrounding Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Utah, USA, including Mancos Shale, Dakota Sandstone, Morrison formation (Brushy Basin member) and Summerville formation. The area is an important geochemical and morphological analogue to terrains on Mars. Soils were analysed for mineralogy by a Terra X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a field version of the CheMin instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission (2012 landing). Soluble ion chemistry, total organic content and identity and distribution of microbial populations were also determined. The Terra data reveal that Mancos and Morrison soils are rich in phyllosilicates similar to those observed on Mars from orbital measurements (montmorillonite, nontronite and illite). Evaporite minerals observed include gypsum, thenardite, polyhalite and calcite. Soil chemical analysis shows sulfate the dominant anion in all soils and SO4>>CO3, as on Mars. The cation pattern Na>Ca>Mg is seen in all soils except for the Summerville where Ca>Na. In all soils, SO4 correlates with Na, suggesting sodium sulfates are the dominant phase. Oxidizable organics are low in all soils and range from a high of 0.7% in the Mancos samples to undetectable at a detection limit of 0.1% in the Morrison soils. Minerals rich in chromium and vanadium were identified in Morrison soils that result from diagenetic replacement of organic compounds. Depositional environment, geologic history and mineralogy all affect the ability to preserve and detect organic compounds. Subsurface biosphere populations were revealed to contain organisms from all three domains (Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya) with cell density between 3.0×106 and 1.8×107 cells ml-1 at the deepest depth. These measurements are analogous to data that could be obtained on future robotic or human Mars missions and results are relevant to the MSL mission that will investigate phyllosilicates on Mars.

Terrestrial spreading centers under Venus conditions - Evaluation of a crustal spreading model for Western Aphrodite Terra

Science.gov (United States)

Sotin, C.; Senske, D. A.; Head, J. W.; Parmentier, E. M.

1989-01-01

The model of Reid and Jackson (1981) for terrestrial spreading centers is applied to Venus conditions. On the basis of spreading rate, mantle temperature, and surface temperature, the model predicts both isostatic topography and crustal thickness. The model and Pioneer Venus altimetry and gravity data are used to test the hypothesis of Head and Crumpler (1987) that Western Aphrodite Terra is the location of crustal spreading on Venus. It is concluded that a spreading center model for Ovda Regio in Western Aphrodite Terra could account for the observed topography and line-of-sight gravity anomalies found in the Pioneer data.

Terra e lavoro: due questioni apparentemente dimenticate, di nuovo nell'agenda europea

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ploeg, van der J.D.

2012-01-01

Questo articolo discute l’agricoltura contadina come la principale istituzione-lavoro in Europa. Si afferma che sia il lavoro sia la terra sono socialmente difniti. Essi sono materialmente costituiti sulla base di tali definizioni e, laddove le definizioni sociali mutano, il significato, l’uso e e

An end-users oriented methodology for enhancing the integration of knowledge on soil-water-sediment systems in River Basin Management: an illustration from the AquaTerra project.

Science.gov (United States)

Merly, Corinne; Chapman, Antony; Mouvet, Christophe

2012-01-01

Research results in environmental and socio-economic sciences are often under-used by stakeholders involved in the management of natural resources. To minimise this gap, the FP6 EU interdisciplinary project AquaTerra (AT) developed an end-users' integration methodology in order to ensure that the data, knowledge and tools related to the soil-water-sediment system that were generated by the project were delivered in a meaningful way for end-users, thus improving their uptake. The methodology and examples of its application are presented in this paper. From the 408 project deliverables, 96 key findings were identified, 53 related to data and knowledge, and 43 describing advanced tools. River Basin Management (RBM) stakeholders workshops identified 8 main RBM issues and 25 specific stakeholders' questions related to RBM which were classified into seven groups of cross-cutting issues, namely scale, climate change, non-climatic change, the need for systemic approaches, communication and participation, international and inter-basin coordination and collaboration, and the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. The integration methodology enabled an assessment of how AT key findings meet stakeholders' demands, and for each main RBM issue and for each specific question, described the added-value of the AT project in terms of knowledge and tools generated, key parameters to consider, and recommendations that can be made to stakeholders and the wider scientific community. Added value and limitations of the integration methodology and its outcomes are discussed and recommendations are provided to further improve integration methodology and bridge the gaps between scientific research data and their potential uptake by end-users.

Desempenho físico-mecânico de minipainéis de terra crua tratada com aditivos químicos Physical and mechanical behavior of soil mini panels treated with chemical additives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Régis de C. Ferreira

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar o efeito da incorporação ao solo de estabilizantes químicos (cal e cimento associados ao silicato de sódio. Os tijolos foram moldados e assentados na forma de minipainéis que tiveram suas características físico-mecânicas determinadas em laboratório e seu comportamento tecnicamente avaliado por meio de métodos destrutivos e não-destrutivos (método acústico do ultra-som. Foram pesquisados um solo arenoso e outro siltoso. Os teores de cimento e cal adicionados foram de 6% e 10% em relação à massa seca do solo, e o teor de silicato de sódio foi de 4% em relação à massa seca de solo-cimento ou solo-cal. Os tijolos foram prensados e colocados em câmara úmida por 7; 28; 56 e 91 dias. Aos 28; 56 e 91 dias, os minipainéis foram submetidos ao ensaio de ultra-som para a obtenção do módulo de elasticidade dinâmico, seguido do ensaio de compressão simples. Os melhores resultados, em termos de resistência à compressão simples, capacidade de absorção de água e propriedades elásticas (módulo dinâmico, foram obtidos pelo solo arenoso adicionado de 10% de aglomerante associado ao silicato de sódio. De forma geral, os resultados sugerem uso promissor do silicato de sódio para a melhoria das propriedades físico-mecânicas relacionadas à resistência e à durabilidade de tijolos de terra crua.The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemical additives (lime and Portland cement associated with sodium silicate on soil in order to obtain compressed soil bricks. Mini panels were constructed with such bricks being their physical and mechanical characteristics determined in laboratory conditions and their behavior evaluated through the association of destructive and non-destructive methods. For this purpose a sandy soil and a finely divided one were added to Portland cement and lime in the dosage of 6% and 10% taken in dry weight basis in relation to the dry soil. The

Comparação de infiltração de água no solo mensurada em período seco e úmido, em diferentes usos da terra na bacia do arroio Boa Vista, Guamiranga, Paraná / Assessment of soil water infiltration measured during dry and wet seasons on different land uses in the Boa Vista Basin Stream, Guamiranga, Paraná, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vademir Antoneli

2009-08-01

Full Text Available ResumoNeste estudo, é comparada a capacidade de infiltração de água no solo mensurada em período seco (agosto e úmido (dezembro. Os usos da terra onde foi mensurada a infiltração foram mapeados previamente (floresta com araucária, agricultura, erva-mate, reflorestamento, pastagem, capoeira e faxinal. A mensuração da infiltração foi feita através de infiltrômetro com anel duplo, sendo que, em cada uso, foram feitas oito repetições em cada período. Verificou-se que ocorreu diferença significativa na capacidade de infiltração de água no solo mensurada no período seco em comparação com o período úmido. As diferenças ocorreram tanto no volume total infiltrado, quanto na taxa de infiltração final. Dentre os usos mensurados, as áreas de pastagens apresentaram a menor capacidade de infiltração. Conclui-se que o padrão e a dinâmica do uso da terra (mosaico espacial, na bacia do arroio Boa Vista, são responsáveis por diferentes respostas na capacidade de infiltração de água. Por consequência, esperam-se também diferentes comportamentos hidro-erosivos em cada unidade de terra existente na bacia.AbstractThis article offers a comparison between the infiltration capacity of water in the soil measured during dry (August and wet (December seasons at the Boa Vista stream basin, in Guamiranga (Paraná State, South Brazil. The land uses there infiltration was measured were previously mapped and featured mixed Ombrophyla Forest, agriculture, Ilex paraguariensis plantations, reforestation, pasture, shrubs and “faxinal” (properties without fencing, whose owners share farming facilities. A double ring infiltrometer was used to measure water infiltration in the soil, with eight repetitions during each season. A significant difference was verified in the infiltration capacity when the soils measured during the dry period were compared with those measured during the wet period. Differences appeared both in the total

Precise Determination of the Baseline Between the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X Satellites

Science.gov (United States)

Koenig, Rolf; Rothacher, Markus; Michalak, Grzegorz; Moon, Yongjin

TerraSAR-X, launched on June 15, 2007, and TanDEM-X, to be launched in September 2009, both carry the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging (TOR) category A payload instrument package. The TOR consists of a high-precision dual-frequency GPS receiver, called Integrated GPS Occultation Receiver (IGOR), for precise orbit determination and atmospheric sounding and a Laser retro-reflector (LRR) serving as target for the global Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) ground station network. The TOR is supplied by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) Germany, and the Center for Space Research (CSR), Austin, Texas. The objective of the German/US collaboration is twofold: provision of atmospheric profiles for use in numerical weather predictions and climate studies from the occultation data and precision SAR data processing based on precise orbits and atmospheric products. For the scientific objectives of the TanDEM- X mission, i.e., bi-static SAR together with TerraSAR-X, the dual-frequency GPS receiver is of vital importance for the millimeter level determination of the baseline or distance between the two spacecrafts. The paper discusses the feasibility of generating millimeter baselines by the example of GRACE, where for validation the distance between the two GRACE satellites is directly available from the micrometer-level intersatellite link measurements. The distance of the GRACE satellites is some 200 km, the distance of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation will be some 200 meters. Therefore the proposed approach is then subject to a simulation of the foreseen TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation. The effect of varying space environmental conditions, of possible phase center variations, multi path, and of varying center of mass of the spacecrafts are evaluated and discussed.

Check-Up of Planet Earth at the Turn of the Millennium: Contribution of EOS-Terra to a New Phase in Earth Sciences

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Yoram

1999-01-01

Langley's remarkable solar and lunar spectra collected from Mt. Whitney inspired Arrhenius to develop the first quantitative climate model in 1896. In 1999, NASA's Earth Observing AM Satellite (EOS-Terra) will repeat Langley's experiment, but for the entire planet, thus pioneering a wide array of calibrated spectral observations from space of the Earth System. Conceived in response to real environmental problems, EOS-Terra, in conjunction with other international satellite efforts, will fill a major gap in current efforts by providing quantitative global data sets with a resolution of few kilometers on the physical, chemical and biological elements of the earth system. Thus, like Langley's data, EOS-Terra can revolutionize climate research by inspiring a new generation of climate system models and enable us to assess the human impact on the environment. In the talk I shall review the historical developments that brought to the Terra mission, its objectives and example of application to biomass burning.

Final hazard classification for the 116-F-4 (Terra Stor) soil retrieval activities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adam, W.J.

1996-07-01

The purpose of this document is to provide the final hazard classification for the remediation activities described in the Work Plan for the Retrieval of Contaminated Soil from the 116-F-4 Storage Unit. Based upon total inventories calculated from the characterization data, a preliminary hazard categorization of less than Hazard Category 3 was assigned. Based upon the material-at-risk, a final hazard classification of radiological was assigned

The behavior of P in tropical soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bittencourt, V.C.; Zambello Junior, E.

1975-06-01

The 32 P isotopic exchange between the equilibrium solution and the soil can be described by 2 or 3 first order reactions, which are mainly determined by the iron oxide content of the samples. The first reaction in Terra Roxa Estruturada and in Latosol Roxo soils was found to be independent of the ionic strength of the solution and this may be atributed to a chemical adsorption of the phosphate in the solid phase surface, with an ulterior occlusion of the ion in the internal layers. Since the constant rates of the second and third reactions was found to depend on the ionic strength of the solution and after these interactions a considerable amount of isotopic exchangeable P was observed, it is suggested that 2 phosphate diffusion processes occur: One from the hydratation shell to the solid surface and the other the equilibrium solution to the hydratation shell. The reactions in the Latosol Vermelho Escuro-fase arenosa and in the Podzolizados de Lins e Marilia, variacao Lins, soils were more intense in the liquid phase, and therefore less amounts of phosphate was subject to chemical adsorption

Data Flow for the TERRA-REF project

Science.gov (United States)

Kooper, R.; Burnette, M.; Maloney, J.; LeBauer, D.

2017-12-01

The Transportation Energy Resources from Renewable Agriculture Phenotyping Reference Platform (TERRA-REF) program aims to identify crop traits that are best suited to producing high-energy sustainable biofuels and match those plant characteristics to their genes to speed the plant breeding process. One tool used to achieve this goal is a high-throughput phenotyping robot outfitted with sensors and cameras to monitor the growth of 1.25 acres of sorghum. Data types range from hyperspectral imaging to 3D reconstructions and thermal profiles, all at 1mm resolution. This system produces thousands of daily measurements with high spatiotemporal resolution. The team at NCSA processes, annotates, organizes and stores the massive amounts of data produced by this system - up to 5 TB per day. Data from the sensors is streamed to a local gantry-cache server. The standardized sensor raw data stream is automatically and securely delivered to NCSA using Globus Connect service. Once files have been successfully received by the Globus endpoint, the files are removed from the gantry-cache server. As each dataset arrives or is created the Clowder system automatically triggers different software tools to analyze each file, extract information, and convert files to a common format. Other tools can be triggered to run after all required data is uploaded. For example, a stitched image of the entire field is created after all images of the field become available. Some of these tools were developed by external collaborators based on predictive models and algorithms, others were developed as part of other projects and could be leveraged by the TERRA project. Data will be stored for the lifetime of the project and is estimated to reach 10 PB over 3 years. The Clowder system, BETY and other systems will allow users to easily find data by browsing or searching the extracted information.

Condições históricas e sociais que regulam o acesso a terra no espaço agrário brasileiro

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Guiomar Inez Germani

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar a trajetória histórica e social que forjou as bases para o estabelecimento da estrutura e organização do espaço rural no Brasil. Destaca as condições históricas e sociais que regulam o acesso a terra e como estas orientaram o processo de apropriação privada das terras livres em muito poucas mãos desde o período inicial da colonização portuguesa. Analisa, também, como este processo teve continuidade nos períodos posteriores, garantindo e fortalecendo a concentração da estrutura fundiária, como monopólio de classe, enquanto o número de trabalhadores rurais sem terra continua a crescer. É uma tentativa de entender como, em diferentes momentos da história, as relações sociais estabelecidas foram conformando a apropriação privada da natureza e, ao mesmo tempo, a organização do espaço rural, sendo legitimada pelo poder político através de uma legislação que é sempre usada para por obstáculos e dificultar o acesso a terra a amplas camadas da população. Em tempos mais recentes, os trabalhadores rurais sem terra opõem resistência a esta situação. De forma organizada, agem em todo o território nacional tentando por um fim a esta pesada herança e a escrever uma história em novas bases e com novas regras para o acesso a terra.

Early season monitoring of corn and soybeans with TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2

Science.gov (United States)

McNairn, H.; Kross, A.; Lapen, D.; Caves, R.; Shang, J.

2014-05-01

Early and on-going crop production forecasts are important to facilitate food price stability for regions at risk, and for agriculture exporters, to set market value. Most regional and global efforts in forecasting rely on multiple sources of information from the field. With increased access to data from spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), these sensors could contribute information on crop acreage. But these acreage estimates must be available early in the season to assist with production forecasts. This study acquired TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 data over a region in eastern Canada dominated by economically important corn and soybean production. Using a supervised decision tree classifier, results determined that either sensor was capable of delivering highly accurate maps of corn and soybeans at the end of the growing season. Accuracies far exceeded 90%. Spatial and multi-temporal filtering approaches were compared and small improvements in accuracies were found by applying the multi-temporal filter to the RADARSAT-2 data. Of significant interest, this study determined that by using only three TerraSAR-X images corn could be accurately identified by the end of June, a mere six weeks after planting and at a vegetative growth stage (V6 - sixth leaf collar developed). However, soybeans required additional acquisitions given the variance in planting densities and planting dates in this region of Canada. In this case, accurate soybean classification required TerraSAR-X images until early August at the start of the reproductive stage (R5 - seed development is beginning). Also important, by applying a multi-temporal filter accurate mapping (close to 90%) of corn and soybeans from RADARSAT-2 could occur five weeks earlier (by August 19) than if a spatial filter was used. Thus application of this filtering approach could accelerate delivery of a crop inventory for this region of Canada. Corn and soybeans are important commodities both globally and within Canada. This

The life-time concept as a tool for erosion tolerance definition O conceito de tempo-de-vida como ferramenta para a definição da tolerância de perda de terra por erosão

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G. Sparovek

1997-06-01

extreme soil degradation risk of the Ceveiro watershed in an integral and reliable form.Por definição, a tolerância de perda de terra por erosão deve considerar a preservação do solo como um recurso natural essencial para a produção das culturas. Taxas de erosão do solo superiores a sua renovação ocasionam diminuição da sua espessura. Uma espessura mínima foi definida como sendo a espessura abaixo da qual os insumos (fertilizantes, resíduos de culturas e a tecnologia de manejo (irrigação, culturas geneticamente melhoradas são insuficientes para manter economicamente a produtividade. Assim, taxas de erosão maiores do que a formação podem ser aceitas somente durante o tempo no qual não foi atingida a espessura mínima. Este período foi definido como tempo-de-vida. O conceito de tempo-de-vida foi aplicado na bacia do Ceveiro (1.945 ha, localizada em Piracicaba no sudeste do Brasil. O cálculo do tempo de vida foi realizado usando Sistema de Informações Geográficas. Para isto foram utilizadas estimativas das taxas de erosão pela Equação Universal de Perda de Solo e das profundidades do solo obtidas em levantamento de campo. Foram consideradas ainda uma taxa de formação de 0,2 mm ano-1, uma profundidade mínima do solo de 1,0m, e o cenário atual de uso da terra. Ò uso da terra se distribui em 1.319 ha (68% de cana-de-açúcar, 346 ha (18% de florestas e 278 ha (14% de pastagens. A área na qual a erosão foi menor do que a formação (área não associada a impactos irreversíveis representou 475 ha (24%. Esta área inclui o total de florestas, 48% das pastagens e nenhuma área de cana-de-açúcar. A área com taxas de erosão maiores do que a formação e profundidade do solo menor que 1,0 m, representou 832 ha (42%, nos quais o tempo de-vida é igual a zero (impactos irreversíveis da erosão no tempo atual. O uso da terra nesta situação se compõe de 702 ha de cana-de-açúcar e 130 ha de pastagens. Para a área restante de 638 ha (32% da

PEDO-TRANSFER FUNCTIONS FOR ESTIMATING SOIL BULK DENSITY IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA

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Henrique Seixas Barros

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Under field conditions in the Amazon forest, soil bulk density is difficult to measure. Rigorous methodological criteria must be applied to obtain reliable inventories of C stocks and soil nutrients, making this process expensive and sometimes unfeasible. This study aimed to generate models to estimate soil bulk density based on parameters that can be easily and reliably measured in the field and that are available in many soil-related inventories. Stepwise regression models to predict bulk density were developed using data on soil C content, clay content and pH in water from 140 permanent plots in terra firme (upland forests near Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil. The model results were interpreted according to the coefficient of determination (R2 and Akaike information criterion (AIC and were validated with a dataset consisting of 125 plots different from those used to generate the models. The model with best performance in estimating soil bulk density under the conditions of this study included clay content and pH in water as independent variables and had R2 = 0.73 and AIC = -250.29. The performance of this model for predicting soil density was compared with that of models from the literature. The results showed that the locally calibrated equation was the most accurate for estimating soil bulk density for upland forests in the Manaus region.

Potassium estimation in the soil solution based on electrical conductivity and soil water content Estimativa de potássio na solução do solo baseada na condutividade elétrica e umidade do solo

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Torquato M. de Andrade Neto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate and to validate models for estimating potassium in the soil solution as a function of bulk electrical conductivity (ECw, soil water content (q and a soil solution electrical conductivity (ECss. Treatments consisted of using three concentrations of injecting solution of potassium chloride (1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 g L-1 which were applied by two trickle irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip during the first cycle of the banana crop cv. Terra Maranhão. Results showed that it is feasible to estimate potassium concentration in the soil solution from data of ECss and q obtained by time domain reflectometry (TDR using an equation that combined a linear and a potential model. The estimated values of potassium concentration were close to the ones measured along the crop cycle under field conditions, with a mean normalized deviation of 10.0%, maximum and minimum deviation of 5.0 and 13.0%, respectively.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e validar modelo de estimativa de potássio na solução do solo, como função da condutividade elétrica aparente (CEa, da umidade do solo (q e da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo (CEss. Os tratamentos consistiram no uso de três concentrações de cloreto de potássio da solução de injeção (1,0, 2,5 e 4,0 g L-1 aplicadas por microaspersão e por gotejamento, durante o primeiro ciclo da cultura da bananeira cultivar Terra Maranhão. Os resultados mostraram que é viável estimar a concentração de K+ na solução do solo a partir de dados de q e CEa, obtidos por meio da técnica da reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR para condições de campo, com uso de equação resultante da combinação de um modelo linear e um potencial. Os valores de K+ estimados se aproximaram dos medidos ao longo do ciclo da cultura da bananeira "Terra" nas condições de campo, com desvio normalizado médio de 10%, desvio máximo e mínimo de 5,0 e 13,0%, respectivamente.

MODIS/Terra Vegetation Continuous Fields Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V051

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Terra MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) product is a sub-pixel-level representation of surface vegetation cover estimates globally. Designed to...

Estimation of daily evapotranspiration over Africa using MODIS/Terra and SEVIRI/MSG data

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Sun, Z

2012-08-01

Full Text Available , daily ET is more meaningful and useful in applications. In this study, daily ET estimates are obtained by combining data from the MODIS sensor aboard the polar-orbiting Terra satellite and the SEVIRI sensor aboard the geostationary-orbiting MSG satellite...

Physical and chemical changes during ripening of blackberry fruits Mudanças físicas e químicas durante a maturação de frutos de amora preta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ilkay Tosun

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Blackberry (Rubus L. is a naturally growing fruit in Anatolia. Consumption of fresh and frozen blackberries has increased in the past few years in Turkey. The aim of this study is to analyze blackberry at three levels of ripeness taking into account some physical and chemical properties (color, dry matter, soluble solids, total sugar, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolics, total anthocyanin, and minerals in order to understand this behavior during the ripening process. Blackberry fruits were harvested at green, red and ripe (mature stages. The determination of fruit maturity was based on fruit surface color. The dry matter, total phenolics and Hunter L, b values decreased but soluble solids, total sugar and total anthocyanins increased with maturity. In the early fruit ripening stages, pH decreased, titratable acidity and Hunter a value increased while in the later stages, pH increased, titratable acidity and Hunter a value decreased considerably. Analysis of variance revealed (P Amora preta (blackberry, Rubus L. é uma fruta que cresce naturalmente na península de Anatolia. O consumo de suas frutas frescas ou congeladas aumentou nos últimos anos na Turquia. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar amoras pretas colhidas em três níveis de maturação, levando em conta propriedades físicas e químicas das frutas (cor, matéria seca, sólidos solúveis, açúcar total, acidez titulável, pH, fenóis totais, antocianina total e sais minerais para melhor compreender o processo de maturação. As frutas foram colhidas nos estágios verde, vermelho e maduro. A determinação do estágio maduro foi baseada na cor da superfície das frutas. A materia seca, os fenóis totais e os valores de Hunter L, b diminuiram mas os sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais e total de antocianina decresceram em função do nível de maturação. Nos estágios iniciais de maturação, o pH decresceu, a acidez titulável e o valor a de Hunter aumentaram enquanto nos

Interactions of Burkholderia terrae with soil fungi : Mechanisms, gene expression patterns and ecological behavior of Burkholderia terrae BS001 during its interaction with Lyophyllum sp. strain Karsten and Trichoderma asperellum 302 in soil

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Haq, Irshad U.

2016-01-01

Even though soil is a nutrient-limited environment, there are zones of high microbial activity. Mainly zones that are influenced by plants, fungi, or a combination of both, are of interest. The mycosphere (niche under the influence of fungi) is the zone where, in particular, bacterial-fungal

Validation of JAXA/MODIS Sea Surface Temperature in Water around Taiwan Using the Terra and Aqua Satellites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ming-An Lee

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The research vessel-based Conductivity Temperature Depth profiler (CTD provides underwater measurements of the bulk sea surface temperature (SST at the depths of shallower than 5 m. The CTD observations of the seas around Taiwan provide useful data for comparison with SST of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers aboard Aqua and Terra satellites archived by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. We produce a high-resolution (1 km MODIS SST by using Multi-Channel SST (MCSST algorithm. There were 1516 cloud-free match-up data pairs of MODIS SST and in situ measurements during the period from 2003 - 2005. The difference of the root mean square error (RMSE of satellite observations from each platform during the day and at night was: 0.88°C in Aqua daytime, 0.71°C in Aqua nighttime, 0.71°C in Terra daytime, and 0.60°C in Terra nighttime. The total analysis of MODIS-derived SST shows good agreement with a bias of 0.03°C and RMSE of 0.75°C. The analyses indicate that the bias of Aqua daytime was always positive throughout the year and the large RMSE should be attributed to the large positive bias (0.45°C under diurnal warming. It was also found that the bias of Terra daytime was usually negative with a mean bias of -0.41°C; its large RMSE should be treated with care because of low solar radiation in the morning.

Distribuição da população e cobertura da terra: o lugar das Áreas Protegidas no Pará, Brasil em 2010

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Álvaro de Oliveira D’Antona

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a distribuição da população do Pará, a partir de dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 associados a dados de uso e cobertura da terra do TerraClass, dispostos em uma grade estatística. Verifica-se o papel de 113 Áreas Protegidas (AP - 46 Terras Indígenas, 51 Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável e 16 Unidades de Conservação de Proteção Integral - no gradiente rural-urbano do ponto de vista populacional e em relação aos usos-coberturas da terra nelas existentes. Utilizando um Sistema de Informações Geográficas, os dados relativos às APs, ao uso e cobertura da terra e os censitários foram incorporados à grade estatística. O relacionamento espacial dos planos de informação nas células indica que a população do estado é bastante concentrada, uma tendência que se reproduz nas Áreas Protegidas (o coeficiente de Gini para a distribuição dos domicílios é superior a 0,9. As APs configuram-se como áreas menos populosas e mais florestadas em comparação ao restante do estado. Apesar da presença de extensas porções sem domicílios ocupados e da maior extensão de florestas do Pará (57%, identificam-se nestas áreas usos urbanos associados a outros usos e coberturas da terra. Os resultados indicam que as dinâmicas populacionais e as mudanças nos usos e cobertura da terra estão relacionadas de forma mais ampla, estimulando a reflexão sobre a urbanização e as mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra de forma mais integrada.

Amostragem de solo para estudos de fertilidade Sampling soils for fertility studies

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R. A. Catani

1955-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de estabelecer um sistema e técnica mais adequados de se coletar amostras de terra, para fins de estudo de fertilidade. Foram escolhidas duas áreas de solos diferentes. Uma delas com seis hectares, situada na Estação Experimental de Ribeirão Prêto, em solo tipo terra roxa legítima ; a outra com quatro hectares e localizada na Fazenda Santa Maria, em Pindorama, em solo do tipo arenito Bauru. A retirada das amostras de cada área foi feita com tubos especialmente construídos para esse fim e obedeceu ao seguinte critério: 1 30 amostras simples, cobrindo tôda a área ; 2 10 amostras compostas, formadas de cinco amostras simples, cobrindo tôda a área. 3 5 amostras compostas, formadas de 20 amostras simples, cobrindo tôda a área. Nessas amostras foram determinados : pH, carbono total, potássio "trocável" e cálcio "trocável". Diante dos dados obtidos e levando-se em conta o trabalho exigido no laboratório, aconselha-se a retirada de três amostras compostas formadas de 20 simples cada uma, em glebas uniformes, de cinco hectares aproximadamente.The following methods of collecting soil samples for fertility studies were compared : 1 thirty individual samples covering the whole area ; 2 ten composite samples, each consisting of five individual samples, covering the whole area ; 3 five composite samples, each consisting of 20 individual samples, covering the whole area. The three types of samples were collected in each of two plots : 1 a six-hectare plot in the Estação Experimental de Ribeirão Prêto, representing the "terra roxa" soil; 2 a four-hectare plot in the Santa Maria Farm, Pindorama, where the soil is of the "arenito de Bauru" type. The pH, total carbon, and exchangeable potassium and calcium were determined in the samples. Based on data obtained in the present investigation and considering the amount of work involved in the routine laboratory tests, it is suggested that

A model to predict element redistribution in unsaturated soil: Its simplification and validation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheppard, M.I.; Stephens, M.E.; Davis, P.A.; Wojciechowski, L.

1991-01-01

A research model has been developed to predict the long-term fate of contaminants entering unsaturated soil at the surface through irrigation or atmospheric deposition, and/or at the water table through groundwater. The model, called SCEMR1 (Soil Chemical Exchange and Migration of Radionuclides, Version 1), uses Darcy's law to model water movement, and the soil solid/liquid partition coefficient, K d , to model chemical exchange. SCEMR1 has been validated extensively on controlled field experiments with several soils, aeration statuses and the effects of plants. These validation results show that the model is robust and performs well. Sensitivity analyses identified soil K d , annual effective precipitation, soil type and soil depth to be the four most important model parameters. SCEMR1 consumes too much computer time for incorporation into a probabilistic assessment code. Therefore, we have used SCEMR1 output to derive a simple assessment model. The assessment model reflects the complexity of its parent code, and provides a more realistic description of containment transport in soils than would a compartment model. Comparison of the performance of the SCEMR1 research model, the simple SCEMR1 assessment model and the TERRA compartment model on a four-year soil-core experiment shows that the SCEMR1 assessment model generally provides conservative soil concentrations. (15 refs., 3 figs.)

MULTIMODALIDADE E A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DO SEM-TERRA

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Vanderleiidalice J. Zacchi

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a maneira como o movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (mST utiliza os diferentesmodos de produçãode significado e como, nesse processo, é construída sua identidade. A análise será efetuada principalmente a partir de textos impressos, digitais e eletrônicos produzidos pelos sem-terra. Apesar de fazer bom uso das diversas habilidades pressupostas na multimodalidade, o movimento ainda se apoia fortemente no modo linguístico tanto na autorrepresentação quanto na ação social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: multiletramento, mST, identidade, Internet, mídia. ABSTRACT: This paper aims at analysing the identity construction of the Landless Rural Workers movement (mST by making use of different modes of meaning-construction. The data provided for analysis are based especially on printed, electronic, and digital texts produced by the movement. Although the mST uses multimodal texts extensively, it still relies heavily on the linguistic mode when engaging in both self-representation and social action. KEYWORDS: multiliteracies, landless movement, identity, Internet, media.

Microscanning XRF, Xanes, And XRD Studies Of The decorated Surface Of Roman Terra Sigillata Ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mirguet, C.; Sciau, P.; Goudeau, P.; Mehta, A.; Pianetta, P.; Liu, Z.; Tamura, N.

2008-01-01

Different microscanning synchrotron techniques were used to better understand the elaboration process and origins of Terra Sigillata potteries from the Roman period. A mixture Gallic slip sample cross-section showing red and yellow colors was studied. The small (micron) size of the X-ray beam available at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) and Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron sources, coupled with the use of a sample scanning stage allowed us to spatially resolve the distribution of the constitutive mineral phases related to the chemical composition. Results show that red color is a result of iron-rich hematite crystals and the yellow part is a result of the presence of Ti-rich rutile-type phase (brookite). Volcanic-type clay is at the origin of these marble Terra Sigillata.

Expression of Telomere-Associated Proteins is Interdependent to Stabilize Native Telomere Structure and Telomere Dysfunction by G-Quadruplex Ligand Causes TERRA Upregulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Sadhukhan, Ratan; Chowdhury, Priyanka; Ghosh, Sourav; Ghosh, Utpal

2018-06-01

Telomere DNA can form specialized nucleoprotein structure with telomere-associated proteins to hide free DNA ends or G-quadruplex structures under certain conditions especially in presence of G-quadruplex ligand. Telomere DNA is transcribed to form non-coding telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) whose biogenesis and function is poorly understood. Our aim was to find the role of telomere-associated proteins and telomere structures in TERRA transcription. We silenced four [two shelterin (TRF1, TRF2) and two non-shelterin (PARP-1, SLX4)] telomere-associated genes using siRNA and verified depletion in protein level. Knocking down of one gene modulated expression of other telomere-associated genes and increased TERRA from 10q, 15q, XpYp and XqYq chromosomes in A549 cells. Telomere was destabilized or damaged by G-quadruplex ligand pyridostatin (PDS) and bleomycin. Telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs) were observed for each case of depletion of proteins, treatment with PDS or bleomycin. TERRA level was elevated by PDS and bleomycin treatment alone or in combination with depletion of telomere-associated proteins.

Rice monitoring with multi-temporal and dual-polarimetric TerraSAR-X data

Science.gov (United States)

Koppe, Wolfgang; Gnyp, Martin L.; Hütt, Christoph; Yao, Yinkun; Miao, Yuxin; Chen, Xinping; Bareth, Georg

2013-04-01

This study assesses the use of TerraSAR-X data for monitoring rice cultivation in the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. The main objective is the understanding of the coherent co-polarized X-band backscattering signature of rice at different phenological stages in order to retrieve growth status. For this, multi-temporal dual polarimetric TerraSAR-X High Resolution SpotLight data (HH/VV) as well as single polarized StripMap (VV) data were acquired over the test site. In conjunction with the satellite data acquisition, a ground truth field campaign was carried out. The backscattering coefficients at HH and VV of the observed fields were extracted on the different dates and analysed as a function of rice phenology to provide a physical interpretation for the co-polarized backscatter response in a temporal and spatial manner. Then, a correlation analysis was carried out between TerraSAR-X backscattering signal and rice biomass of stem, leaf and head to evaluate the relationship with different vertical layers within the rice vegetation. HH and VV signatures show two phases of backscatter increase, one at the beginning up to 46 days after transplanting and a second one from 80 days after transplanting onwards. The first increase is related to increasing double bounce reflection from the surface-stem interaction. Then, a decreasing trend of both polarizations can be observed due to signal attenuation by increasing leaf density. A second slight increase is observed during senescence. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship with different vertical layers at different phenological stages which prove the physical interpretation of X-band backscatter of rice. The seasonal backscatter coefficient showed that X-band is highly sensitive to changes in size, orientation and density of the dominant elements in the upper canopy.

MODIS/Terra Calibrated Radiances 5-Min L1B Swath 1km V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The MODIS/Terra Calibrated Radiances 5-Min L1B Swath 1km (MOD021KM) contains calibrated and geolocated at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete bands located in the 0.4...

Doses de boro e crescimento radicular e da parte aérea de cultivares de arroz de terras altas Influence of boron addition on growth of roots and shoot of upland rice crops

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliano Corulli Corrêa

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O crescimento radicular é favorecido em condições adequadas de disponibilidade de boro no solo e, por isto, a aplicação da dose correta desse micronutriente é de grande importância, para que não ocorra prejuízo no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura de arroz de terras altas, de acordo com a variedade e tipo de solo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das doses de boro no crescimento radicular e da parte aérea, em três cultivares de arroz de terras altas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em vaso com capacidade de 10 L, que continha 8 dm³ de solo Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, sendo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de três cultivares (Caiapó, Primavera e Maravilha e três doses de boro (0, 3 e 6 mg dm-3, usando, como fonte, o bórax. A dose de 6 mg dm-3 foi prejudicial tanto à produção de matéria seca da parte aérea como de raiz para o arroz de terras altas. Além de apresentar maior capacidade de absorção de boro, o cultivar Maravilha apresentou-se mais tolerante à elevação da disponibilidade de B no solo, não ocorrendo alterações de comprimento, diâmetro e superfície radicular.Appropriate boron (B availability in soils favors root growth, and a sufficient supply of this micronutrient is very important for adequate rice development and yield in upland fields, depending on the cultivars and soil type. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of B addition on growth of roots and shoot of three upland rice cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 10 L pots containing 8 kg of an Hapludox; the experiment was in a completely random 3 x 3 factorial design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three rice cultivars (Caiapó, Primavera, and Maravilha and three B rates (0, 3 and 6 mg dm-3, as borax. The B rate of 6 mg dm-3 boron was

Estimation of Atmospheric Path Delays in TerraSAR-X Data using Models vs. Measurements

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Donat Perler

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR measurements of the Earth’s surface depend on electromagnetic waves that are subject to atmospheric path delays, in turn affecting geolocation accuracy. The atmosphere influences radar signal propagation by modifying its velocity and direction, effects which can be modeled. We use TerraSAR-X (TSX data to investigate improvements in the knowledge of the scene geometry. To precisely estimate atmospheric path delays, we analyse the signal return of four corner reflectors with accurately surveyed positions (based on differential GPS, placed at different altitudes yet with nearly identical slant ranges to the sensor. The comparison of multiple measurements with path delay models under these geometric conditions also makes it possible to evaluate the corrections for the atmospheric path delay made by the TerraSAR processor and to propose possible improvements.

SULL'AUMENTO DI TEMPERATURA NEL MANTELLO DELLA TERRA PER COMPRESSIONE ADIABATICA

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P. E. Valle

1951-06-01

Full Text Available Viene stabilita una relazione fra la densità, la temperatura e lavelocità delle onde longitudinali e trasversali relativa ad una particolaretrasformazione adiabatica di un solido ideale.L'equazione, applicata al mantello della. Terra, conduce al risultatoche la temperatura in prossimità del nucleo sarebbe circa 1,24volte, la temperatura alla profondità di 1000 km, se la compressionedei materiali fosse avvenuta adiabaticamente.

Terra Data Confirm Warm, Dry U.S. Winter

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

New maps of land surface temperature and snow cover produced by NASA's Terra satellite show this year's winter was warmer than last year's, and the snow line stayed farther north than normal. The observations confirm earlier National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reports that the United States was unusually warm and dry this past winter. (Click to read the NASA press release and to access higher-resolution images.) For the last two years, a new sensor aboard Terra has been collecting the most detailed global measurements ever made of our world's land surface temperatures and snow cover. The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is already giving scientists new insights into our changing planet. Average temperatures during December 2001 through February 2002 for the contiguous United States appear to have been unseasonably warm from the Rockies eastward. In the top image the coldest temperatures appear black, while dark green, blue, red, yellow, and white indicate progressively warmer temperatures. MODIS observes both land surface temperature and emissivity, which indicates how efficiently a surface absorbs and emits thermal radiation. Compared to the winter of 2000-01, temperatures throughout much of the U.S. were warmer in 2001-02. The bottom image depicts the differences on a scale from dark blue (colder this year than last) to red (warmer this year than last). A large region of warm temperatures dominated the northern Great Plains, while the area around the Great Salt Lake was a cold spot. Images courtesy Robert Simmon, NASA GSFC, based upon data courtesy Zhengming Wan, MODIS Land Science Team member at the University of California, Santa Barbara's Institute for Computational Earth System Science

Determinantes dos preços de terras no Brasil: uma análise de região de fronteira agrícola e áreas tradicionais

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Aline Barrozo Ferro

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto de variáveis sobre o preço da terra agrícola entre 2000 e 2010 em três regiões: fronteira agrícola (sul do Maranhão, sul do Piauí, leste do Tocantins e oeste da Bahia, área de transição (exploração relativamente recente, mas representa um importante produtor de soja, como o Centro-Oeste e desenvolvida (áreas tradicionais, como o Sul do País. Foram utilizadas as variáveis preço de soja, produtividade, área cultivada, crédito rural, investimento em transporte, capacidade de armazenamento e preço da terra no período anterior. A partir do modelo econométrico de dados em painel, observou-se que o preço da soja (representando a renda do produtor, teve relação estreita e positiva com o preço da terra. Verificou-se, também, que nas regiões menos ocupadas um aumento da demanda por área pode impactar negativamente em seu preço devido à maior elasticidade da oferta de terras e à possibilidade de conversão de terras brutas e de pastagens em agrícolas. Já na região desenvolvida, a relação é positiva, já que a oferta de terras é praticamente inelástica. O fator especulativo foi bastante representativo na fronteira agrícola, o que evidenciou o forte interesse de investidores no potencial de valorização da terra no período.

Development Application - Terra Nova Development - Development Application Summary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

This summary is part of the application for approval of the development of the Terra Nova Field off the coast of Newfoundland, prepared and submitted by Petro-Canada, on behalf of, and with the cooperation of its co-proponents. The full application consists of five parts, comprising the development plan itself, the Canada-Newfoundland benefits plan detailing commitments with regards to contracts and employment, the environmental impact statement concerning the impact of development on the physical and biological environment, and a statement of socio-economic impacts, characterizing existing and projected impacts of the development on the fisheries, industry, employment, demography, social and public infrastructures and facilities, and socio-cultural issues

MERCURY IN SOIL AND ATMOSPHERE AS A PATHFINDER ELEMENT FOR ISTRIAN BAUXITE DEPOSITS — A TENTATIVE EXPLORATION MODEL

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Ladislav A. Palinkaš

1989-12-01

Full Text Available ID order to find out a secondary dispersion halo of mercury and some other trace elements around the bauxite ore bodies, the authors sampled terra rossa along traverses over them. At the same time, mercury in air is measured and expressed by relative values (mA using Zeeman mercury vapor analyser. Mercury in soil was determined by flameless atomic absorption method and Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co and Mn by standard AA techniques. The results are equivocal since the natural vertical soil profiles are severely disturbed on traverses due to different land use, what should be taken into consideration during continuation of the survey.

A TERRITORIALIDADE DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS QUE LUTAM POR TERRA E REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO PONTAL DO PARANAPANEMA

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Edvaldo Carlos de Lima

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Para apreendermos a mobilização da classe trabalhadora no campo, no âmbito da luta eresistência na terra no Brasil, é preciso refletir, entre outros, sobre dois fenômenos: o latifúndio e osmovimentos sociais rurais, sendo o primeiro a base propulsora do segundo. Especificamente nestetexto, apontamos um diagnóstico das dissensões (discrepâncias e dissidências (separações pordivergências políticas dos Movimentos Sociais que Lutam pela Terra e pela Reforma Agrária(MSLTRA na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, com especial atenção aos seus desdobramentosterritoriais.

Sistemas de coberturas de solo no inverno e seus efeitos sobre o rendimento de grãos do milho em sucessão Soil covering systems in the winter and its effects on maize grain yield grown in succession

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Adriano Alves da Silva

2007-08-01

Full Text Available O uso de aveia preta (Avena strigosa como espécie de cobertura de solo no inverno causa imobilização do nitrogênio (N, que reduz o desenvolvimento da planta e o rendimento de grãos de milho cultivados em sucessão. Desta forma, o consórcio de aveia preta com espécies leguminosas como ervilhaca comum (Vicia sativa e com brassicáceas, como nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus, visa a aumentar a disponibilidade de N no sistema e o tempo de permanência de resíduos na superfície do solo. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em Eldorado do Sul-RS, nas estações de crescimento 2001/2002 e 2002/2003. O primeiro experimento teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de três espécies de cobertura de solo no inverno, implantadas de forma isolada e consorciadas, sobre o rendimento de grãos de milho em sucessão, com e sem aplicação de N em cobertura. O segundo experimento, por sua vez, visava a determinar a proporção mais adequada de sementes de nabo forrageiro e de aveia preta em consórcio para maior benefício ao milho em sucessão, sob diferentes níveis de N em cobertura. No primeiro experimento, os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de 150kg ha-1 de N no milho em cobertura, de uma testemunha sem aplicação deste nutriente e de sete sistemas com plantas de coberturas de solo no inverno. No segundo experimento, os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de dois níveis de N (75 e 150kg ha-1 no milho, de uma testemunha sem aplicação de N em cobertura e de cinco sistemas de coberturas de solo no inverno. Nos sistemas consorciados, independentemente da proporção de sementes utilizada, o nabo forrageiro contribuiu com a maior parte do rendimento total de matéria seca. O consórcio de ervilhaca comum ou de nabo forrageiro com aveia preta minimiza o efeito negativo desta espécie sobre o rendimento de grãos de milho em sucessão, especialmente em sistemas com menor disponibilidade de N e, mesmo sob alto nível de N, o rendimento de grãos de

Análise da dinâmica espacial da ocupação das terras e seus conflitos de uso no perímetro urbano de Santa Maria - RS (1975 - 2002 Spatial dynamic analysis of the land occupation and their conflicts of use in the urban perimiter of Santa Maria - RS (1975 - 2002

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Fabrício de Araújo Pedron

2006-12-01

Full Text Available As cidades brasileiras, em escala variável, têm apresentado problemas resultantes do uso indevido do espaço urbano, principalmente, em relação aos recursos naturais. Neste caso, o estudo da dinâmica de uso das terras é importante na compreensão dos processos ocorridos no ambiente urbano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal de ocupação das terras em áreas urbanas de Santa Maria - RS, determinando seus conflitos de uso através do Sistema de Avaliação do Potencial de Uso Urbano das Terras (SAPUT, considerando informações do período de 1975 a 2002. O uso urbano das terras cresceu de 9%, em 1975, para 33%, em 2002. Os conflitos de uso das terras aumentaram de 19%, em 1975, para 37%, em 1995, reduzindo para 33% em 2002. Os principais problemas de uso indevido das terras se relacionam à fragilidade do material geológico e do recurso solo para uso em construções e agricultura urbana.The Brazilian cities have been facing problems due to the improper use of the urban space, mainly, related to the natural resources. In this case, the study of the dynamics of land use is important in the understanding of the processes occured in the urban environment. This research was aimed at analysing the space and temporal dynamics of land occupation in urban areas of Santa Maria - RS, Brazil, determining the conflicts of the land use through the Urban Land Use Potencial System (SAPUT, considering information from 1975 to 2002. The urban land use raised from 9% in 1975 to 33% in 2002. The conflicts of land use have increased from 19% in 1975, to 37% in 1995, reducing to 33% in 2002. The main problems of the improper land use are linked to the fragility of the geological material and soil resource when used for constructions and urban agriculture.

SUSCEPTIBILIDADE AMBIENTAL A SALINIZAÇÃO DAS TERRAS EM MUNICÍPIOS DA MICRORREGIÃO DE PETROLINA - PERNAMBUCO - BRASIL

OpenAIRE

Francelita Coelho Castro; Antonio Marcos dos Santos

2015-01-01

A salinização é o processo de acumulo de sais solúveis nos solos proporcionados pelas ações humanas no tocante das práticas de uso dos solos, assim como, provocados por processos naturais. O problema provoca redução da capacidade de produção agrícola de centenas de hectares de terras, principalmente nas regiões semiáridas e áridas, incluído parte das terras localizadas no nordeste brasileiro. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o mapeamento da susceptibilidade a sal...

Caracterização do grânulo de amido de bananas (Musa AAA-Nanicão e Musa AAB-Terra Characterization of starch granules from bananas Musa AAA-Nanicão and Musa AAB-Terra

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M.C.J. Freitas

2005-06-01

Full Text Available O amido de bananas tem sido pesquisado na área de nutrição a partir da introdução do conceito de Amido Resistente. O amido de Musa AAA-Nanicão e Musa AAB-Terra foram caracterizados quanto as suas respostas fisiológicas [12]. Em continuidade, o presente trabalho estudou características físicas e morfológicas dos grânulos de amido de ambas as espécies de banana comparando-as com amido nativo de milho comercial. O amido de bananas foi extraído segundo CHIANG, CHU & CHU [3]. A morfologia dos grânulos foi realizada após tratamento enzimático in vitro a 37°C/24h com alfa-amilase pancreática. Foram efetuados os respectivos amilogramas e difractogramas de raios-X. Os grânulos de amido da Musa Tipo AAA-Nanicão apresentaram comprimento entre 30-40µm. Em Musa AAB-Terra, os grânulos, também ovais e alongados, eram um pouco menores, 20-30µm. A corrosão enzimática in vitro iniciava-se sobre a superfície anteriormente lisa e formavam estrias superficiais e apicais. A Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV mostrou que a hidrólise in vitro por 24 horas foi pequena e ocorria sobretudo nas camadas amorfas dos grânulos de ambas as espécies. O padrão de corrosão demonstrou-se distinto daquele ocorrido no amido de milho. As suspensões de amido de bananas ao viscosímetro demonstraram forte capacidade de hidratação e menor capacidade de retrogradação em relação ao milho, sobretudo do amido de Musa Tipo AAA-Nanicão; o amido de Musa Tipo AAB-Terra apresentou maior estabilidade de pasta. Na análise de difração de raios-X, os grânulos de bananas apresentaram padrão tipo B e C para Musa Tipo AAA-Nanicão e Musa Tipo AAB-Terra, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os amidos de Musa AAA-Nanicão e Musa AAB-Terra são estruturalmente distintos, justificando as respostas fisiológicas distintas encontradas posteriormente pelos mesmos autores. As distinções das propriedades físicas e bioquímicas obtidas para os grânulos, embora

Status report : Terra Nova project environmental assessment panel : recommendations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-01-01

An application to the Canada-Newfoundland Offshore Petroleum Board (CNOPB) was submitted by Petro-Canada on August 5, 1996, notifying of its intent to develop the petroleum resources located at the Terra Nova field. The provincial and federal governments jointly appointed the Terra Nova Project Environmental Panel, and the board of the CNOPB referred to it the application documents for review. The environmental effects, considerations of human safety incorporated into the design and operation of the Project, the general approach to the development and exploitation of the petroleum resources, and the employment and industrial benefits expected to be derived from the Project were the issues under review by the Panel. On April 22, 1997, public hearings into the review began, and the final report was submitted to governments and the Board in August 1997. The report included 75 recommendations. The Project was approved in Decision 97.02 in December 1997, and the Board dealt with each of the recommendations. The respective positions of the Governments of Canada and Newfoundland and Labrador with regard to the recommendations that fell outside the jurisdiction of the Board were made public. A status report on every one of the 75 recommendations is provided in the present report. The recommendation is repeated, the verbatim response taken from Decision 97.02 included, followed by the status of the response. The production operations phase of the Project accounts for approximately 65 per cent of the recommendations. January 20, 2002 was the date the Project was begun

Deposição efetiva do produto pulverizado sobre cobertura vegetal de aveia-preta por diferentes pontas de pulverização Effective deposition of product sprayed directly on oat cover using different spray nozzles

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R.L. Contiero

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A cobertura vegetal que permanece no solo após a colheita beneficia as características físicas e químicas do solo. No entanto, essa palha torna-se uma barreira para a aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes, pois impede que eles atinjam o alvo. Nesses casos, a escolha ideal da ponta de pulverização, bem como o tamanho da gota, são imprescindíveis para o sucesso da aplicação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de transposição do líquido pulverizado, dependente do tamanho de gotas, produzido por vários modelos de ponta de pulverização sobre diferentes densidades de palha de aveia-preta. O trabalho foi realizado em Maringá-PR. Foram utilizadas caixas tipo gerbox como unidades coletoras, cobertas por diferentes quantidades de palha de aveia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 x 7, sendo oito pontas de pulverização (leque e cone e sete quantidades crescentes de palha de aveia-preta. O produto retido na superfície coletora foi colhido e mediu-se a absorbância. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas entre si por meio do teste de agrupamento Skott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Pode-se concluir que o tamanho das gotas é extremamente importante na transposição da palha de aveia. Gotas muito finas e muito grossas não conseguem transpor a barreira formada pela palha de maneira eficiente. Pontas de pulverização que produzem gotas de tamanho médio (CV-IA 02 e ST 02 apresentam volume de transposição maior do que o das demais, sendo recomendadas em aplicações de herbicidas pré-emergentes em plantio-direto até 4 t ha-1 de cobertura morta.The vegetation that remains in the soil after harvest benefits the physical and chemical properties of soil. However, the straw becomes a barrier to the application of pre-emergence herbicides, preventing it from reaching the target. In these cases, the choice of spray tip and droplet size is

Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, "Mycobacterium virginiense" sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Vasireddy, Ravikiran; Vasireddy, Sruthi; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A; Wengenack, Nancy L; Eke, Uzoamaka A; Benwill, Jeana L; Turenne, Christine; Wallace, Richard J

2016-05-01

Mycobacterium terrae complex has been recognized as a cause of tenosynovitis, with M. terrae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum reported as the primary etiologic pathogens. The molecular taxonomy of the M. terrae complex causing tenosynovitis has not been established despite approximately 50 previously reported cases. We evaluated 26 isolates of the M. terrae complex associated with tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis recovered between 1984 and 2014 from 13 states, including 5 isolates reported in 1991 as M. nonchromogenicum by nonmolecular methods. The isolates belonged to three validated species, one new proposed species, and two novel related strains. The majority of isolates (20/26, or 77%) belonged to two recently described species: Mycobacterium arupense (10 isolates, or 38%) and Mycobacterium heraklionense (10 isolates, or 38%). Three isolates (12%) had 100% sequence identity to each other by 16S rRNA and 99.3 to 100% identity by rpoB gene region V sequencing and represent a previously undescribed species within the M. terrae complex. There were no isolates of M. terrae or M. nonchromogenicum, including among the five isolates reported in 1991. The 26 isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin (100%), rifabutin (100%), ethambutol (92%), and sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%). The current study suggests that M. arupense, M. heraklionense, and a newly proposed species ("M. virginiense" sp. nov.; proposed type strain MO-233 [DSM 100883, CIP 110918]) within the M. terrae complex are the major causes of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis in the United States, with little change over 20 years. Species identification within this complex requires sequencing methods. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Aplicação de índice comparativo na avaliação do risco de degradação das terras

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S. B. L. Ranieri

1998-12-01

Full Text Available A determinação do risco de degradação das terras em uma microbacia hidrográfica constitui importante subsídio para o planejamento agrícola e ambiental. A tendência atual é que as informações necessárias para a avaliação das terras sejam compatíveis com técnicas de geoprocessamento e tratadas de forma menos subjetiva. Todavia, critérios ou parâmetros que avaliem quantitativamente o risco de degradação das terras e que sejam compatíveis com a escala de microbacia hidrográfica e aplicáveis por meio de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIGs ainda precisam ser mais bem definidos. O objetivo deste trabalho, realizado no segundo semestre de 1996, foi elaborar um método de avaliação comparativa do risco de degradação das terras na bacia hidrográfica dos Marins (Piracicaba, SP, sob diferentes cenários de uso, utilizando SIG. Os mapas de risco de degradação foram gerados com base em matrizes de decisão para os seguintes cenários de uso: (a sem cobertura vegetal; (b uso atual da terra; (c uso único; (d uso redistribuído; (e uso planejado. Os resultados foram comparados por um índice denominado "Índice Ponderado de Risco de Degradação (IP D". Por meio desse índice foi possível comparar quantitativamente o risco de degradação para os cenários de uso propostos. Os resultados mostraram que a tentativa de alterar apenas a distribuição espacial dos usos da terra não foi suficiente para diminuir o risco de degradação final da área, caracterizando, assim, a superutilização das terras da microbacia. Para diminuir os impactos causados por essa superutilização, faz-se necessária a definição de critérios de restrição de ocupação que conciliem áreas de maior suscetibilidade à erosão com usos que ofereçam maior proteção ao solo, levando à diminuição da área ocupada com culturas anuais e semiperenes.

Relation between "terra rossa" from the Apulia aquifer of Italy and the radon content of groundwater: Experimental results and their applicability to radon occurrence in the aquifer

Science.gov (United States)

Tadolini, T.; Spizzico, M.

The radon-222 (222Rn) activity in groundwater of the Apulian karstic aquifer in southern Italy is as great as 500 Becquerel per liter (Bq/L) locally. Normal radium-226 (226Ra) activity in the limestone and calcareous dolomites of the aquifer is not enough to explain such a high level. Laboratory investigations identified high 226Ra activity in the "terra rossa," the residuum occupying fissures and cavities in the bedrock, and also the relation between (1) 226Ra-bearing bedrock and "terra rossa" and (2) 222Rn in water. The "terra rossa" is the primary source of the radon in the groundwater. The experimental results show the need to characterize the "terra rossa" of Apulia on the basis of 226Ra activity and also to study the distribution and variations in 222Rn activity over time in the aquifer. Résumé L'activité du radon-222 (222Rn) dans les eaux souterraines de l'aquifère karstique des Pouilles, dans le sud de l'Italie, atteint localement 500 Becquerel par litre (Bq/L). L'activité normale du radium-226 (226Ra) dans les calcaires et dans les calcaires dolomitiques de l'aquifère n'est pas assez élevée pour expliquer des valeurs aussi élevées. Des analyses de laboratoire ont mis en évidence une forte activité en 226Ra dans la terra rossa, remplissage de fissures et de cavités de la roche, ainsi qu'une relation entre (1) la roche et la terra rossa contenant du 226Ra et (2) le 222Rn dans l'eau. La terra rossa est la source primaire de radon dans l'eau souterraine. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent qu'il est nécessaire de caractériser la terra rossa des Pouilles par son activité en 226Ra et d'étudier la distribution et les variations de l'activité en 222Rn au cours du temps dans l'aquifère. Resumen La actividad del radon-222 (222Rn) en el agua subterránea del acuífero cárstico de Apulia, al sur de Italia, alcanza localmente los 500Bq/L. La actividad normal del radio-226 (226Ra) en las calcitas y dolomitas del acuífero no es suficiente para

Mycobacterium icosiumassiliensis sp. nov., a New Member in the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Isolated from Surface Water in Algeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Djouadi, Lydia N; Levasseur, Anthony; Khalil, Jacques Bou; Blanc-Taileur, Caroline; Asmar, Shady; Ghiloubi, Wassila; Natèche, Farida; Drancourt, Michel

2016-08-01

An acid-fast, rapidly growing, rod-shaped microorganism designated 8WA6 was isolated from a lake in Algiers, Algeria. The lake water was characterized by a temperature of 18 °C, a pH of 7.82, a copper concentration of 8.6 µg/L, and a cadmium concentration of 0.6 µg/L. First-line molecular identification confirmed the 8WA6 isolate to be a member of the Mycobacterium terrae complex, sharing 99.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with M. arupense AR-30097, 98.2 % partial hsp65 gene sequence similarity with M. terrae 28K766, and 97.1 % partial rpoB gene sequence similarity with Mycobacterium sp. FI-05396. Its 4.89-Mb genome exhibits a 66.8 GC % and an average nucleotide identity of 64.5 % with M. tuberculosis, 70.5 % with M. arupense, and 75 % with M. asiaticum. In the M. terrae complex, Mycobacterium 8WA6 was unique in exhibiting growth at 42 °C, negative reaction for nitrate reduction, urease activity and Tween 80 hydrolysis, and a positive reaction for α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase. Its protein profile determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed a unique spectrum similar to M. arupense and M. terrae, exhibiting eleven specific peaks at 3787.791, 4578.019, 6349.630, 6855.638, 7202.310, 8149.608, 8775.257, 10,224.588, 10,484.116, 12,226.379, and 12,636.871 m/z. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for antibiotics, determined by microdilution, indicated a broad spectrum resistance, except for rifabutin (MIC, 0.5 g/L) and cefoxitin (MIC, 16 g/L). We concluded that the 8WA6 isolate is a representative isolate of a previously undescribed species in the M. terrae complex, which was named M. icosiumassiliensis sp. nov. with strain 8WA6 (Collection de Souches de l'Unité des Rickettsies, CSUR P1561, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, DSM 100711) as the type strain.

Solar cycle 22 control on daily geomagnetic variation at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Palangio

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Nine summer geomagnetic observatory data (1986-1995 from Terra Nova Bay Base, Antarctica (Lat.74.690S, Long. 164.120E, 80.040S magnetic latitude are used to investigate the behaviour of the daily variation of the geomagnetic field at polar latitude. The instrumentation includes a proton precession magnetometer for total intensity |F| digital recordings; DI magnetometers for absolute measuring of the angular elements D and I and a three axis flux-gate system for acquiring H,D Z time variation data. We find that the magnetic time variation amplitude follows the solar cycle evolution and that the ratio between minimum solar median and maximum solar median is between 2-3 for intensive elements (H and Z and 1.7 for declination(D. The solar cycle effect on geomagnetic daily variation elements amplitude in Antarctica, in comparison with previous studies, is then probably larger than expected. As a consequence, the electric current system that causes the daily magnetic field variation reveals a quite large solar cycle effect at Terra Nova Bay.

Pagamentos por serviços ambientais, custos de oportunidade e a transição para usos da terra alternativos: o caso de agricultores familiares do Nordeste Paraense

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Rosangela Calado da Costa

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, avalia-se o papel que o pagamento por serviços ambientais proposto pela política pública Proambiente (2003-2007 poderia ter tido sobre a substituição do uso da terra tradicional (sistema de “derruba-e-queima” e a adoção de usos da terra alternativos, capazes de fornecer maiores níveis de serviços ambientais, entre agricultores familiares do Nordeste do Pará, Amazônia Brasileira. Para isso, foram estimados custos de oportunidades para os usos da terra tradicional e alternativos (agricultura sem uso do fogo, sistemas agroflorestais, manejo de açaí, enriquecimento de capoeira e apicultura. Os resultados indicaram que o pagamento do Proambiente teria sido insuficiente para incentivar o abandono do uso da terra tradicional e que poderia ter sido mais promissor fornecer condições para que os agricultores familiares realizassem a transição para usos da terra capazes de fornecer maiores níveis de renda no longo prazo, como sistemas agroflorestais e manejo de açaizal.

Enraizamento de estacas dos porta-enxertos Araticum-de-Terra-Fria (Rollinia sp. e Araticum-Mirim (Rollinia emarginata Schltdl. para anonáceas Rooting of rootstock cutting Araticum-de-Terra-Fria (Rollinia sp. and Araticum-Mirim (Rollinia emarginata Schltdl. for anonáceas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Emílio Bettiol Neto

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar a influência do ácido 3-indolbutírico (AIB sobre o enraizamento de estacas de araticum-de-terra-fria e araticum-mirim. Estacas semilenhosas padronizadas com 15 cm de comprimento, um par de folhas e diâmetro de 0,4-0,5 cm, foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg.L-1 por cinco segundos e, posteriormente, colocadas em bandejas de isopor de 72 células (120 cm³/célula contendo como substrato a vermiculita expandida de grânulos médios. Em seguida, as bandejas foram transferidas para câmara de nebulização intermitente. Após 60 dias do estaqueamento, avaliou-se a porcentagem de estacas vivas, calejadas, enraizadas, brotadas e o número médio de raízes por estaca. Concluiu-se que o araticum-de-terra-fria promoveu melhores resultados para todas as variáveis analisadas, em comparação com o araticum-mirim; o AIB apenas influenciou a porcentagem de estacas calejadas, enraizadas e brotadas para o araticum-de-terra-fria, sendo que concentrações crescentes de AIB aumentam a porcentagem de estacas calejadas e enraizadas até a obtenção de 89% e 56,4%, respectivamente, mas por outro lado diminuem linearmente a porcentagem de estacas brotadas.The objective of the present research to verify the was influence of the indol-3-butyric acid (IBA on rooting of cutting of araticum-de-terra-fria and araticum-mirim. Semi hardwood cuttings standardized with 15 cm of length, one pair of leaves and diameter of 0,4-0,5 cm, were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1 for five seconds and later on placed in trays of polypropylene of 72 cells (120 cm³, containing as substrate vermiculita, being transferred to a camera of intermittent nebulization. After 60 days, the alive cutting, callous, rooting and sprouting percentages, and also, the number of rootses emitted by cutting were evaluated. The araticum-de-terra-fria promoted better

Patologia e reabilitação de construções em terra

OpenAIRE

Torgal, Fernando Pacheco; Jalali, Said

2009-01-01

O presente artigo aborda a questão da patologia e da reabilitação das construções tradicionais em terra, como forma de contribuir para a divulgação deste tipo de construção e para a sensibilização quanto à necessidade da promoção de construções mais “amigas do ambiente”.

Construções em terra crua: conservação do património existente e perspectivas futuras

OpenAIRE

Faria, Paulina; Henriques, Fernando M.A.

2006-01-01

PATORREB 2006 - 2º Encontro sobre Patologia e Reabilitação de Edifícios, FEUP, Porto, Março 2006, p. 273-282 Apresentam-se de forma genérica as tecnologias construtivas em terra crua mais utilizadas no país e a sua disseminação no território. Referem-se as características específicas das paredes em terra e algumas das potencialidades deste tipo de construção, aos níveis técnico, ecológico, económico, estético, cultural e social, e as principais deficiências apresentadas – casos...

Efeito dos extratos do albedo de Citrus sinensis, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus blazei e dos compostos orgânicos voláteis produzidos por Saccharomyces cerevisiae no controle da mancha preta dos citros

OpenAIRE

Leonardo Toffano

2010-01-01

A mancha preta dos citros é uma doença que limita a exportação de laranja brasileira para os países da Europa. Exceto para Citrus aurantium e seus híbridos, todas as outras variedades são susceptíveis ao patógeno. Com isso existe um grande interesse para que esta doença não ocorra, uma vez que é considerada uma doença quarentenária A1. Problemas associados à aquisição de resistência e a percepção do público em geral sobre o impacto potencial das práticas tradicionais de controle sobre a saúde...

Terra@15, S'Cool@18: A Long-Running Student and Citizen Science Campaign for Validating Cloud Retrievals

Science.gov (United States)

Chambers, L. H.; Crecelius, S.; Rogerson, T. M.

2014-12-01

As Terra marks its 15th anniversary, the Students' Cloud Observations On-Line (S'COOL) Project celebrates an 18 year milestone. S'COOL is the education and public outreach arm of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project, which has two instruments on Terra. It developed from an initial conversation between scientists and educators in December 1996 before the launch of the first CERES instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Since January 1997, S'COOL has engaged students and citizen scientists with this NASA research by inviting them to make ground truth observations of clouds and related Earth system parameters. Since the project began, more than 127,000 cloud observations have been reported from more than 70 countries around the world. While observations are accepted at any time, more than half of those reported correspond to a CERES satellite retrieval matched in time (+/-15 minutes) and space. Nearly 1% of the reports, from locations at higher latitudes, can be compared to both Terra and Aqua to shed light on view angle effects. More than 3% of observations are for Terra night-time overpasses. About 10% of reports are for locations with snow on the ground - an ongoing challenge for cloud detection from space. S'COOL draws very loyal and unique participants: a school in Pennsylvania alone has reported more than 11,000 observations (including more than 2,500 night-time reports for Terra). In Central and South America, 3 schools in Colombia and one in Nicaragua have each reported more than 2,500 observations. The addition of the S'COOL Rover program, added in 2007 to simplify participation for citizen scientists, enabled reports from the Around the Americas sailing ship that circumnavigated North and South America in 2009-10, Roz Savage, a UK woman who has rowed solo across all the world's oceans, and a few observations from the MAGIC campaign of instrumented cargo ships transiting from Long Beach to Hawaii. A middle

MODIS/Terra Gross Primary Productivity 8-Day L4 Global 1km SIN Grid V055

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Terra/MODIS Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) product (MOD17A2) is a cumulative composite of GPP values based on the radiation-use efficiency concept that is...

TIPIFICAÇÃO SOCIAL E TRANSITORIEDADE TERRITORIAL NA LUTA PELA TERRA: O CASO DOS CAMPONESES/PESCADORES DE TAMBAUZINHO, MUNICÍPIO DE SANTA RITA – PB

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Antonio Mitidiero Junior

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Partindo da idéia de que a lógica dos conflitos agrários entre grandes proprietários de terra versus camponeses (pequenos proprietários, parceiros, arrendatários, posseiros, sem terra, etc. no Brasil segue a regra da expulsão e expropriação desses últimos sujeitos sociais, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo narrar a trajetória de um grupo de camponeses/pescadores paraibanos que ao resistirem a expulsão permeiam uma variedade de tipificações sociais da comunidade em luta e exemplificam uma perversa instabilidade territorial que envolve a luta pela terra.

Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium heraklionense, and a Newly Proposed Species, “Mycobacterium virginiense” sp. nov., but Not Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, as Species of the Mycobacterium terrae Complex Causing Tenosynovitis and Osteomyelitis

Science.gov (United States)

Vasireddy, Sruthi; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Wengenack, Nancy L.; Eke, Uzoamaka A.; Benwill, Jeana L.; Turenne, Christine; Wallace, Richard J.

2016-01-01

Mycobacterium terrae complex has been recognized as a cause of tenosynovitis, with M. terrae and Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum reported as the primary etiologic pathogens. The molecular taxonomy of the M. terrae complex causing tenosynovitis has not been established despite approximately 50 previously reported cases. We evaluated 26 isolates of the M. terrae complex associated with tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis recovered between 1984 and 2014 from 13 states, including 5 isolates reported in 1991 as M. nonchromogenicum by nonmolecular methods. The isolates belonged to three validated species, one new proposed species, and two novel related strains. The majority of isolates (20/26, or 77%) belonged to two recently described species: Mycobacterium arupense (10 isolates, or 38%) and Mycobacterium heraklionense (10 isolates, or 38%). Three isolates (12%) had 100% sequence identity to each other by 16S rRNA and 99.3 to 100% identity by rpoB gene region V sequencing and represent a previously undescribed species within the M. terrae complex. There were no isolates of M. terrae or M. nonchromogenicum, including among the five isolates reported in 1991. The 26 isolates were susceptible to clarithromycin (100%), rifabutin (100%), ethambutol (92%), and sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%). The current study suggests that M. arupense, M. heraklionense, and a newly proposed species (“M. virginiense” sp. nov.; proposed type strain MO-233 [DSM 100883, CIP 110918]) within the M. terrae complex are the major causes of tenosynovitis and osteomyelitis in the United States, with little change over 20 years. Species identification within this complex requires sequencing methods. PMID:26962085

TerraKids: An Interactive Web Site where Kids Learn about Saving the Environment

Science.gov (United States)

Twyman, Janet S.

2010-01-01

Whatever adults might accomplish on the green behavior change front, any sustained success in combating climate change will require the help of the world's more than 2.2 billion children. In "TerraKids," Janet Twyman describes a possible Web site where kids learn about their family's carbon footprint and what they can do to help reduce it.…

Atividade biológica da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild Poir. sobre Staphylococcus aureus isolado de casos de mastite bovina

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Denise A. C. Bezerra

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade do Staphylococcus aureus ao extrato da jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild Poir.. Foram isoladas 25 cepas de S. aureus de amostras de leite de vacas com histórico de mastite clínica e subclínica, submetidas ao teste de atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de M. tenuiflora. Os testes de sensibilidade in vitro foram realizados utilizando o método de difusão em meio sólido. Em seguida foram inoculados 50 μL do extrato nas seguintes diluições 1:1; 1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16; 1:32; 1:64; 1:128; 1:256; 1:512. As placas foram incubadas a 37 °C, por um período de 24 a 48 h. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata. Observou-se halos de inibição entre 6 e 25 mm de diâmetro. O percentual de sensibilidade das amostras testadas foi distribuido em: 1:1 a 1:32 (100%; 1:64 (92%; 1: 128 (72%; 1:256 (28%; 1:512 (0%. O estudo da M. tenuiflora sobre as amostras de S. aureus testadas demonstrou que a planta tem ação antimicrobiana.

Terra Sirenum

Science.gov (United States)

2002-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] This image is from a region called Terra Sirenum in Mars' southern hemisphere. This region was named in 1958 for the Sea of the Sirens from Greek Mythology. This is not a sea, however, but a relatively dusty, high albedo region of Mars. There are numerous dust devil tracks that are apparent in the center- left of the image. The dust devils act like vacuum cleaners and lift dust off of the surface leaving a less dusty and relatively lower albedo surface behind. Dust devils are very common on Mars and are thought to be the primary mechanism for constantly lifting the dust into the atmosphere. Dust is constantly present in the Martian atmosphere in greater abundances than typically seen on Earth. The Martian dust is one of the main factors that affect the present Martian climate and clearly displays the relationship between Mars' geology and atmosphere.Note: this THEMIS visual image has not been radiometrically nor geometrically calibrated for this preliminary release. An empirical correction has been performed to remove instrumental effects. A linear shift has been applied in the cross-track and down-track direction to approximate spacecraft and planetary motion. Fully calibrated and geometrically projected images will be released through the Planetary Data System in accordance with Project policies at a later time.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) was developed by Arizona State University, Tempe, in collaboration with Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing. The THEMIS investigation is led by Dr. Philip Christensen at Arizona State University. Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, is the prime contractor for the Odyssey project, and developed and built the orbiter. Mission operations are conducted jointly from Lockheed Martin and from JPL, a division of the California Institute of

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-12-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal

O fato e a notícia. A mídia impressa e o movimento dos trabalhadores rurais sem-terra (MST.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sônia Maria Ribeiro de Souza

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Este texto expressa os primeiros passos rumo às investigações sobre as manifestações ideológicas e os juízos de valor veiculados pelos meios de comunicação em Presidente Prudente especificamente os jornais O Imparcial e o Oeste Notícias, tendo como referência a luta pela terra no Pontal do Paranapanema e o contexto de organização social do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra (MST.

CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF (CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop

CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF (CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop

CERES Single Scanner Satellite Footprint, TOA, Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) data in HDF (CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) product contains one hour of instantaneous Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The SSF combines instantaneous CERES data with scene information from a higher-resolution imager such as Visible/Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on TRMM or Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua. Scene identification and cloud properties are defined at the higher imager resolution and these data are averaged over the larger CERES footprint. For each CERES footprint, the SSF contains the number of cloud layers and for each layer the cloud amount, height, temperature, pressure, optical depth, emissivity, ice and liquid water path, and water particle size. The SSF also contains the CERES filtered radiances for the total, shortwave (SW), and window (WN) channels and the unfiltered SW, longwave (LW), and WN radiances. The SW, LW, and WN radiances at spacecraft altitude are converted to Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes based on the imager defined scene. These TOA fluxes are used to estimate surface fluxes. Only footprints with adequate imager coverage are included on CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1the SSF which is much less than the full set of footprints on the CERES ES-8 product. The following CERES SSF data sets are currently available: CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Subset_Edition1 CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A CER_SSF_TRMM-SIM-VIRS_Edition2_VIRSonly CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2A-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B-TransOps CER_SSF_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition1A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2A CER_SSF_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Terra-FM2-MODIS_Edition2B CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta1 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM3-MODIS_Beta2 CER_SSF_Aqua-FM4-MODIS_Beta2. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop

Comportamento físico-hídrico de um podzólico vermelho-amarelo câmbico fase terraço sob diferentes sistemas de manejo Physico-hydric behavior of a red yellow cambic podzolic soil terrace phase under different management systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Jorge Maklouf Carvalho

1999-02-01

Full Text Available O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Viçosa, MG, na fazenda Fundão, pertencente ao câmpus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV, com o fim de verificar o comportamento físico- hídrico de um Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo câmbico fase terraço, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1 - arado de aiveca; 2 - arado de discos; 3 - grade pesada; 4 - plantio direto; 5 - testemunha, com as parcelas mantidas em pousio. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: teores de matéria orgânica; granulometria; densidade do solo; densidade de partículas; porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, agregados e curva de retenção da água no solo. Pode-se concluir que: o uso da grade pesada reduz os teores de matéria orgânica na camada de 0-15 cm; a utilização da grade pesada acarreta adensamento da camada superficial; o revolvimento do solo ocasiona maior macroporosidade; o sistema plantio direto proporciona menor desagregação do solo; o sistema plantio direto garante maior retenção de água.The study was carried out in the county of Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in the campus of Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV. The objective was to study the physico-hydric behavior of a Red Yellow Cambic Podzolic soil terrace phase under different management systems. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. Treatments were: 1- moldboard plow; 2- disk plow; 3- heavy disk harrow; 4- no tillage; 5- control (fallow. Organic matter, texture, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, macro-porosity and micro-porosity, agregates and soil moisture tension curves were measured. Results indicate that: soil organic matter is slightly greater in no-tillage and control plots, and reduces in heavy disk plots in the surface 15 cm of the profile; cultivation with heavy machinery

BRDF Characterization and Calibration Inter-Comparison between Terra MODIS, Aqua MODIS, and S-NPP VIIRS

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Tiejun; Xiong, Xiaoxiong (Jack); Angal, Amit; Wu, Aisheng

2016-01-01

The inter-comparison of reflective solar bands (RSB) between Terra MODIS, Aqua MODIS, and SNPP VIIRS is very important for assessment of each instrument's calibration and to identify calibration improvements. One of the limitations of using their ground observations for the assessment is a lack of the simultaneous nadir overpasses (SNOs) over selected pseudo-invariant targets. In addition, their measurements over a selected Earth view target have significant difference in solar and view angles, and these differences magnify the effects of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). In this work, an inter-comparison technique using a semi-empirical BRDF model is developed for reflectance correction. BRDF characterization requires a broad coverage of solar and view angles in the measurements over selected pseudo-invariant targets. Reflectance measurements over Libya 1, 2, and 4 desert sites from both the Aqua and Terra MODIS are regressed to a BRDF model with an adjustable coefficient accounting for the calibration difference between the two instruments. The BRDF coefficients for three desert sites for MODIS bands 1 to 9 are derived and the wavelength dependencies are presented. The analysis and inter-comparison are for MODIS bands 1 to 9 and VIIRS moderate resolution radiometric bands (M bands) M1, M2, M4, M5, M7, M8, M10 and imaging bands (I bands) I1-I3. Results show that the ratios from different sites are in good agreement. The ratios between Terra and Aqua MODIS from year 2003 to 2014 are presented. The inter-comparison between MODIS and VIIRS are analyzed for year 2014.

Conversation with Lara about the Earth and Land. (Spanish Title: Conversando con Lara sobre la Tierra y la Teirra.) Conversando com Lara sobre a Terra e a Terra

Science.gov (United States)

da Conceição Barbosa-Lima, Maria

2010-12-01

en que vive es el planeta Tierra y que, probablemente por ese motivo, distingue con precisión, dentro de los limites de comprensión de la edad y madurez asociada, la tierra y la Tierra. O presente artigo analisa uma entrevista livre enquanto uma menina de quatro anos e quatro meses, matriculada na educação infantil, desenhava a Terra. A entrevista se realizou fora do ambiente escolar e sem qualquer outra pessoa por perto que pudesse interferir. De acordo com Ferreira & Silva (2004), para que o pesquisador conheça realmente o que uma criança põe no papel através de grafismos e/ou desenhos, é necessário ouvi-la durante o processo de criação do desenho. A menina apresenta, em relação à Terra, o tradicional desenho plano com o 'céu' paralelo ao solo, conforme já apresentaram Nardi & Carvalho (1996). Mas quando solicitada a desenhar o Mundo - palavra empregada em um trabalho por Butterworth et al. (2002), com intenção de não provocar 'confusões' desnecessárias para seus pesquisados - o representa de forma circular, colocando-se sobre sua superfície. Seus desenhos levaram à conclusão que esta criança ainda não tem conhecimento de que o Mundo em que vive é o Planeta Terra e que, provavelmente por este motivo, diferencia com precisão, dentro dos limites impostos por sua idade e consequente maturidade, a terra e a Terra.

ALTERAÇÕES MICROMETEOROLÓGICAS CAUSADAS POR TÚNEIS BAIXOS DE TELA PLÁSTICA PRETA CULTIVADOS COM ALFACE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galileo Adeli Buriot

1994-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Foram determinadas alterações micrometeorológicas causadas por tela plástica preta com 18, 30 e 50% de atenuação da radiação solar incidente, durante os meses de verão, em Santa Maria, RS. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFSM, onde foram cultivados quatro canteiros com alface, três deles cobertos com túneis de tela plástica. O estudo foi realizado em 3 períodos: de 30/11/90 a 17/01/91, de 06/02/91 a 25/03/91 e de 10/12/91 a 01/03/92. Mediu-se a radiação solar global, radiação solar na faixa de comprimento de onda do infravermelho e a luminosidade, temperatura diurna do solo, temperatura mínima e diurna do ar e umidade do solo e do ar. Os resultados mostraram que a temperatura do solo e do ar e a perda de água do solo são menores sob os túneis do que no exterior. As diferenças cresceram com o aumento da atenuação e a temperatura mínima do ar e a umidade relativa do ar são semelhantes no interior e exterior dos túneis e entre os túneis com diferentes percentagens de atenuação.

MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Monthly L3 Global 1Deg CMG V5.1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator crossing time) as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. MODIS...

MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone Daily L3 Global 1Deg CMG V5.1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator crossing time) as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. MODIS...

TERRA mimicking ssRNAs prevail over the DNA substrate for telomerase in vitro due to interactions with the alternative binding site.

Science.gov (United States)

Azhibek, Dulat; Skvortsov, Dmitry; Andreeva, Anna; Zatsepin, Timofei; Arutyunyan, Alexandr; Zvereva, Maria; Dontsova, Olga

2016-06-01

Telomerase is a key component of the telomere length maintenance system in the majority of eukaryotes. Telomerase displays maximal activity in stem and cancer cells with high proliferative potential. In humans, telomerase activity is regulated by various mechanisms, including the interaction with telomere ssDNA overhangs that contain a repetitive G-rich sequence, and with noncoding RNA, Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), that contains the same sequence. So these nucleic acids can compete for telomerase RNA templates in the cell. In this study, we have investigated the ability of different model substrates mimicking telomere DNA overhangs and TERRA RNA to compete for telomerase in vitro through a previously developed telomerase inhibitor assay. We have shown in this study that RNA oligonucleotides are better competitors for telomerase that DNA ones as RNA also use an alternative binding site on telomerase, and the presence of 2'-OH groups is significant in these interactions. In contrast to DNA, the possibility of forming intramolecular G-quadruplex structures has a minor effect for RNA binding to telomerase. Taking together our data, we propose that TERRA RNA binds better to telomerase compared with its native substrate - the 3'-end of telomere DNA overhang. As a result, some specific factor may exist that participates in switching telomerase from TERRA to the 3'-end of DNA for telomere elongation at the distinct period of a cell cycle in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dinâmicas no uso e cobertura da terra: perspectivas e desafios da Demografia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julia Corrêa Côrtes

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Pensando de forma integrada a relação população-ambiente, o artigo aborda os estudos sobre dinâmica populacional e mudança no uso e cobertura da terra, com foco na contribuição e nos desafios da Demografia. Aproximando-se do tema em meados dos anos 1990, a Demografia teve como principal contribuição destacar a importância dos componentes populacionais nos modelos, antes, colocados como secundários e sob uma perspectiva simples. Demógrafos brasileiros dedicados a questões ambientais, embora tivessem prioritariamente a temática urbana no seu escopo, colaboraram de maneira indireta para a desenvoltura do campo, ao proporem uma releitura sobre relações população-ambiente. O artigo parte do caso da Amazônia brasileira, mostrando como a população foi explorada nas teorias sobre mudanças nos usos e coberturas da terra, passando pelo viés do crescimento populacional durante o período de fronteira agrícola, o modelo de ciclo de vida do domicílio (fecundidade e composição do domicílio na década de 1990 e, mais recentemente, o enfoque no componente migratório. Para a Demografia, aponta-se como essencial o aprofundamento nos elementos demográficos que não o volume e a inclusão do espaço e seus efeitos. Para a construção da Ciência da Mudança da Terra, destacam-se a incorporação de dinâmicas urbanas nas investigações, a adoção de uma metodologia multiescalar e o exercício do diálogo entre as diversas disciplinas, incorporando mais sistematicamente a contribuição da Demografia.

A Paradigm for Operant Conditioning in Blow Flies ("Phormia Terrae Novae" Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)

Science.gov (United States)

Sokolowski, Michel B. C.; Disma, Gerald; Abramson, Charles I.

2010-01-01

An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly ("Protophormia terrae novae") is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole…

Chemical speciation modelling of the South Terras and Madeira Abyssal Plain natural analogue sites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duffield, J.R.; Xu Langqui; Williams, D.R.

1988-11-01

The chemical speciation of uranium has been modelled using field data from the South Terras and Madeira Abyssal Plain natural analogue sites. In general, validation is good, particularly for the Abyssal Plain model. Problems regarding uranium redox couples have been highlighted as have other areas requiring further consideration for building into the thermodynamic models. (author)

Risco de salinização das terras do baixo Acaraú (CE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lydia Helena da Silva de Oliveira Mota

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Em determinadas condições de relevo, do clima e de uso, com certa frequência pode acontecer acúmulo de sais nos solos, dando lugar à formação dos solos salinos e sódicos - também denominados de solos afetados por sais. A fim de orientar as práticas de manejo e uso das terras da região do Baixo Acaraú, CE, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho gerar um mapa de risco de salinização. Para obtenção das classes de vulnerabilidade, foram avaliados os temas pedologia, geologia, geomorfologia e uso e cobertura das terras e informações de declividade e altimetria, tratados em ambiente SIG com o método multicritério aditivo. Foram definidas quatro classes de risco de salinização: baixo, moderado, alto e altíssimo ou solos naturalmente salinos/sódicos. Foi constatado que 35,47 % da área corresponde à classe de baixo risco de salinização; 26,22 %, à de risco moderado; 8,23 %, à de risco alto; e 19,65 %, à de risco altíssimo.

Distance decay of tree species similarity in protected areas on terra firme forests in Colombian Amazonia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Duque, Á.; Phillips, J.F.; von Hildebrand, P.; Posada, C.A.; Prieto, A.; Rudas, A.; Suescún, M.; Stevenson, P.

2009-01-01

In this study, we investigated the pattern of floristic similarity as a function of geographical distances and environmental variability in well-drained uplands (terra firme) in Colombian Amazonia. The study site comprised three National Natural Parks, Tinigua, Chiribiquete, and Amacayacu, located

Controle da pérola-da-terra, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel) (Homoptera:Margarodidae), através da insetigação

OpenAIRE

Hickel, Eduardo R.; Peruzzo, Edegar L.; Schuck, Enio

2001-01-01

A pérola-da-terra, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel) (Homoptera: Margarodidae), é a principal praga da videira no Sul do Brasil. As estratégias normais de controle desta praga não afetam a população do inseto porque os indivíduos estão no subsolo e desenvolvem um corpo globoso resistente a intempéries. Assim sendo, um ensaio foi conduzido em laboratório para verificar a possibilidade de aplicar a insetigação no controle da pérola-da-terra. Tubos de 50 mm de altura de cano PVC (150 mm fi) fo...

Accuracy assessment of Terra-MODIS aerosol optical depth retrievals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Safarpour, Sahabeh; Abdullah, Khiruddin; Lim, Hwee San; Dadras, Mohsen

2014-01-01

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products have been widely used to address environment and climate change subjects with daily global coverage. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is retrieved by different algorithms based on the pixel surface, determining between land and ocean. MODIS-Terra and Global Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) products can be obtained from the Multi-sensor Aerosol Products Sampling System (MAPSS) for coastal regions during 2000-2010. Using data collected from 83 coastal stations worldwide from AERONET from 2000-2010, accuracy assessments are made for coastal aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieved from MODIS aboard the Terra satellite. AOD retrieved from MODIS at 0.55μm wavelength has been compared With the AERONET derived AOD, because it is reliable with the major wavelength used by many chemistry transport and climate models as well as previous MODIS validation studies. After removing retrievals with quality flags below1 for Ocean algorithm and below 3 for Land algorithm, The accuracy of AOD retrieved from MODIS Dark Target Ocean algorithms (correlation coefficient R 2 is 0.844 and a regression equation of τ M = 0.91·τ A + 0.02 (where subscripts M and A represent MODIS and AERONET respectively), is the greater than the MODIS Dark Target Land algorithms (correlation coefficient R 2 is 0.764 and τ M = 0.95·τ A + 0.03) and the Deep Blue algorithm (correlation coefficient R 2 is 0.652 and τ M = 0.81·τ A + 0.04). The reasons of the retrieval error in AOD are found to be the various underlying surface reflectance. Therefore, the aerosol models and underlying surface reflectance are the dominant factors which influence the accuracy of MODIS retrieval performance. Generally the MODIS Land algorithm implements better than the Ocean algorithm for coastal sites

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) in HDF (CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Geographical Averages (ES-4) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-4 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. For each observed 2.5-degree spatial region, the daily average, the hourly average over the month, and the overall monthly average of shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-9 product are spatially nested up from 2.5-degree regions to 5- and 10-degree regions, to 2.5-, 5-, and 10-degree zonal averages, and to global monthly averages. For each nested area, the albedo and net flux are given. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The following CERES ES4 data sets are currently available: CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES4_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES4_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES4_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES4_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES4_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost_Longitude=180] [Data_Resolution: Latitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Longitude_Resolution=2.5 degree; Horizontal

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF (CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2005-10-31] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost

Dieta de Micoureus demerarae (Thomas (Mammalia, Didelphidae associada às florestas contíguas de mangue e terra firme em Bragança, Pará, Brasil Diet of Micoreus demerarae (Thomas (Mammalia, Didelphidae associated with contiguous forests of mangrove and terra firme in Bragança, Pará, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcus E. B. Fernandes

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A dieta de Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905 foi estudada em bosques de mangue e terra firme através de amostras estomacais e fecais. O número de indivíduos capturados foi inversamente proporcional à disponibilidade de frutos e insetos, sendo Coleoptera e Hemiptera as ordens de artrópodes mais consumidos e Passifloraceae e Arecaceae os frutos mais ingeridos. Desse modo, tanto a maior variabilidade de frutos como a alta produção destes durante a estação seca, parecem explicar o aumento da captura desses animais nos bosques de terra firme, dos quais são originalmente provenientes. Os itens alimentares sugerem que esta espécie possui uma dieta do tipo onívora, independentemente da sazonalidade ou distribuição dos recursos disponíveis.The diet of Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905 was studied in mangrove and terra firme stands by using stomachal and faecal samples. The number of captured individuals was inversely proportional to availability of fruits and insects, being Coleoptera and Hemiptera the most consumed arthropod orders and Passifloraceae and Arecaceae the most ingested fruits. Thus, either fruits variability or their high yield during the dry season seem to explain the increase of captured animals in the terra firme stands, where they originally come from. The food items suggest that this species has an omnivorous diet, independently of the seasonality or distribution of available resources.

Influência da escória silicatada na acidez do solo e na produtividade de grãos do arroz de terras altas Influence of calcium silicate slag on soil acidity and upland rice grain yield

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morel Pereira Barbosa Filho

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Apesar dos elevados teores de SiO2 total geralmente encontrados nos solos brasileiros, o teor na solução do solo pode ser baixo, em conseqüência do processo de dessilicificação que ocorre durante a intemperização dos solos. A aplicação de escórias de processamento industrial, ricas em silicatos de cálcio, tem mostrado efeitos positivos quanto à ação corretiva da acidez do solo e ao fornecimento de Si às plantas acumuladoras desse elemento, com aumentos significativos de produtividade. Conduziu-se este trabalho com o seguinte objetivo: avaliar em dois anos de cultivo sucessivos a ação corretiva, a produtividade de grãos e a absorção de Si pelo arroz de terras altas. Foram aplicadas ao solo de cerrado classificado como latossolo vermelho distroférrico de cerrado seis doses (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 t ha-1 de uma escória silicatada com 20% de SiO2 total, proveniente do processo de fabricação de superfosfatos em forno elétrico. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com cinco repetições. Foram detectados aumentos significativos de produtividade de grãos, teor e acumulação de Si na palha e da porcentagem de grãos cheios por panícula, nos dois anos de cultivo do arroz. Houve ação corretiva no solo das doses de escória, reduzindo a acidez e aumentando a disponibilidade de P, Si, Ca trocável e a porcentagem de saturação por bases. O nível crítico de Si na palha por ocasião da colheita, para obtenção de produtividade satisfatória de grãos, foi estabelecido em 2,25 g kg-1 de matéria seca.Despite the high SiO2 total content often found in Brazilian soils, the soluble silicon content in soil solution can be low due to weathering that occur in soils. The application of calcium silicate slags, under these conditions, has demonstrated positive effects in relation to correction of soil acidity, the supply of Si to plants that accumulate this element and significant yield increase. The objectives of

Terra and Aqua MODIS Design, Radiometry, and Geometry in Support of Land Remote Sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Wolfe, Robert; Barnes, William; Guenther, Bruce; Vermote, Eric; Saleous, Nazmi; Salomonson, Vincent

2011-01-01

The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) mission includes the construction and launch of two nearly identical Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments. The MODIS proto-flight model (PFM) is onboard the EOS Terra satellite (formerly EOS AM-1) launched on December 18, 1999 and hereafter referred to as Terra MODIS. Flight model-1 (FM1) is onboard the EOS Aqua satellite (formerly EOS PM-1) launched on May 04, 2002 and referred to as Aqua MODIS. MODIS was developed based on the science community s desire to collect multiyear continuous datasets for monitoring changes in the Earth s land, oceans and atmosphere, and the human contributions to these changes. It was designed to measure discrete spectral bands, which includes many used by a number of heritage sensors, and thus extends the heritage datasets to better understand both long- and short-term changes in the global environment (Barnes and Salomonson 1993; Salomonson et al. 2002; Barnes et al. 2002). The MODIS development, launch, and operation were managed by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland. The sensors were designed, built, and tested by Raytheon/ Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS), Goleta, California. Each MODIS instrument offers 36 spectral bands, which span the spectral region from the visible (0.41 m) to long-wave infrared (14.4 m). MODIS collects data at three different nadir spatial resolutions: 0.25, 0.5, and 1 km. Key design specifications, such as spectral bandwidths, typical scene radiances, required signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) or noise equivalent temperature differences (NEDT), and primary applications of each MODIS spectral band are summarized in Table 7.1. These parameters were the basis for the MODIS design. More details on the evolution of the NASA EOS and development of the MODIS instruments are provided in Chap. 1. This chapter focuses on the MODIS sensor design, radiometry, and geometry as they apply to land remote sensing. With near

Effect of fungicides and alternative products in control of anthracnose and black spot of guavaEfeito de fungicidas e produtos alternativos no controle da antracnose e da pinta preta da goiaba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Herman Fischer

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of fungicides in controlling in vitro and in vivo the causal agents of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum and black spot (Guignardia psidii and evaluate the effect of alternative products to control these diseases. Inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogens was evaluated for ten fungicides at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg L-1 of active ingredient in potato-dextrose-agar medium. The effectiveness of the fungicides azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, cyproconazole, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin in controlling disease incidence and severity of anthracnose, through applications in the field, was measured in fruits collected at three stages of maturation, according to the skin color (dark green, light green and yellowish green. In postharvest dipping of fruits, the products evaluated were citric acid, peracetic acid, salicylic acid, sodium bicarbonate, chlorine dioxide, Ecolife® and chitosan. The fungicides azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole were highly effective in inhibiting the in vitro mycelial growth of G. psidii and moderately to highly effective in inhibiting C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides. In field conditions, the fungicide azoxystrobin + difenoconazole was effective in controlling anthracnose and black spot in fruit at three maturity stage (skin color yellowish green. The alternative products tested were ineffective in the curative control of anthracnose and early blight at postharvest of guava. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle in vitro e in vivo dos agentes causais da antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e C. acutatum e da pinta preta (Guignardia psidii da goiaba e avaliar o efeito de produtos alternativos no controle pós-colheita destas doenças. A inibição do crescimento micelial dos patógenos foi avaliada para

Terra Cucersita = Терра Кукерсита / Annely Oone

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oone, Annely

2012-01-01

Projektist "Ümber TERRA CUCERSITA (Põlevkivimaa)", mille eesmärk on noorte seas huvi äratamine loodus- ja täppisteaduste ja tehnoloogia ning teadus- ja arendustegevuse vastu nende kompleksse populariseerimisprogrammi kaudu

Impact of land use and soil data specifications on COSMO-CLM simulations in the CORDEX-MED area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerhard Smiatek

2016-05-01

Full Text Available The impact of the ECOCLIMAP land use and the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD data on simulations with the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling model in CLimate Mode (CCLM regional climate model is investigated. ECOCLIMAP has information about vegetation characteristics as monthly data for 215 climatic units. With the HWSD implementation in CCLM, the spatial resolution of the soil data has been increased to 30 arc seconds and has an improved texture definition and handling in the soil model TERRA_ML. Simulations in the MED-CORDEX modeling domain over the period 1986–2000 reveal that differences of up to 1.8 K in the area monthly mean temperature as well as of up to 21 % in the area monthly mean precipitation can be attributed to the differences in the soil data time-invariant boundary input. Differences related to changes in land use are with 0.4 K and 5 % moderate. Differences resulting from the soil data and its processing in CCLM indicate that regional climate model simulations might benefit from further improvements in this area.

MODIS/Terra Aerosol Cloud Water Vapor Ozone 8-Day L3 Global 1Deg CMG V5.1

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS was launched aboard the Terra satellite on December 18, 1999 (10:30 am equator crossing time) as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. MODIS...

The TERRA project, a space nuclear micro-reactor case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Nascimento, Jamil A.; Borges, Eduardo M.; Lobo, Paulo D. Castro; Placco, Guilherme M.; Barrios Junior, Ary G.

2011-01-01

The TEcnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados project, also known as TERRA Project is been conducted by the Institute for Advanced Studies IEAv. The TERRA project has a general objective of understanding and developing the key technologies that will allow (Brazil) the use of nuclear technology to generate electricity in space. This electricity may power several space systems and/or a type of plasma based engine. Also, the type of reactor intended for space may be used for power generation in very inhospitable environment such as the ocean floor. Some of the mentioned technologies may include: Brayton cycles, Stirling engines, heat pipes and its coupled systems, nuclear fuel technology, new materials and several others. Once there is no mission into which apply this technology, at this moment, this research may be conducted in many forms and ways. The fact remains that when this technology becomes needed there will be no way that we (Brazilians) will be able to buy it from. This technology, in this sense, is highly strategic and will be the key to commercially explore deep space. Therefore, there is the need to face the development problems and solve them, to gain experience with our own rights and wrongs. This paper will give a brief overview of what has been done so far, on experimental facilities and hardware that could support space system development, including a Brayton cycle test facility, Tesla turbine testing, and Stirling engine development and modeling. Our great problem today is lack of human resources. To attend that problem we are starting a new graduate program that will allow overcoming that, given the proper time frame. (author)

The TERRA project, a space nuclear micro-reactor case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guimaraes, Lamartine N.F.; Nascimento, Jamil A.; Borges, Eduardo M.; Lobo, Paulo D. Castro, E-mail: guimarae@ieav.cta.br, E-mail: jamil@ieav.cta.br, E-mail: eduardo@ieav.cta.br [Divisao de Energia Nuclear. Instituto de Estudos Avancados, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP (Brazil); Placco, Guilherme M.; Barrios Junior, Ary G. [Faculdade de Tecnologia Sao Francisco (FATESF), Jacarei, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

The TEcnologia de Reatores Rapidos Avancados project, also known as TERRA Project is been conducted by the Institute for Advanced Studies IEAv. The TERRA project has a general objective of understanding and developing the key technologies that will allow (Brazil) the use of nuclear technology to generate electricity in space. This electricity may power several space systems and/or a type of plasma based engine. Also, the type of reactor intended for space may be used for power generation in very inhospitable environment such as the ocean floor. Some of the mentioned technologies may include: Brayton cycles, Stirling engines, heat pipes and its coupled systems, nuclear fuel technology, new materials and several others. Once there is no mission into which apply this technology, at this moment, this research may be conducted in many forms and ways. The fact remains that when this technology becomes needed there will be no way that we (Brazilians) will be able to buy it from. This technology, in this sense, is highly strategic and will be the key to commercially explore deep space. Therefore, there is the need to face the development problems and solve them, to gain experience with our own rights and wrongs. This paper will give a brief overview of what has been done so far, on experimental facilities and hardware that could support space system development, including a Brayton cycle test facility, Tesla turbine testing, and Stirling engine development and modeling. Our great problem today is lack of human resources. To attend that problem we are starting a new graduate program that will allow overcoming that, given the proper time frame. (author)

Código Florestal, função socioambiental da terra e soberania alimentar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Sauer

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir alterações do Código Florestal, especialmente aspropostas de mudanças nas noções de Reserva Legal e Área de Preservação Permanente (APP, em processo de rediscussão no Congresso, após sanção presidencial com vetos no texto aprovado na Câmara em 25 de abril de 2012. Para suprir lacunas da nova Lei, o Executivo Federal editou a Medida Provisória (MP 571/2012, que retoma a discussão da matéria. Tanto dispositivos da nova Lei como alterações propostas ao texto da MP geram insegurança alimentar e visam a eliminar a função socioambiental da terra. A motivação das mudanças não está relacionada à sustentabilidade ambiental ou às mudanças climáticas, temas fundamentais na agenda mundial, mas parte do princípio de que a natureza é um empecilho ao desenvolvimento. Este artigo resgata as principais alterações no Código Florestal relacionadas à Reserva Legal e às APPs, estabelecendo relações (impactos negativos com a função socioambiental da terra e a soberania alimentar.

A DESIGUALDADE NO ACESSO A TERRA SOB A ÓTICA DO PRINCÍPIO DA IGUALDADE DE RONALD DWORKIN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia Altieri Santos de Oliveira

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Analisa o histórico do acesso à terra no Brasil, seus reflexos no direito a igualdade e de que forma a teoria de Dworkin pode ser usada para diminuir a desigualdade. Justifica-se a pesquisa pela importância do entendimento de possíveis soluções acerca da diminuição da desigualdade fundiária no Brasil. Utiliza o método interpretativo histórico, e as técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Analisa a teoria de Dworkin acerca o princípio da igualdade e do direito como integridade. Conclui que a mudança na interpretação do direito de propriedade no Direito pode ser uma solução para diminuir as desigualdades no acesso à terra.

CERES ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) in HDF ( CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV)

Science.gov (United States)

Wielicki, Bruce A. (Principal Investigator)

The ERBE-like Monthly Regional Averages (ES-9) product contains a month of space and time averaged Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data for a single scanner instrument. The ES-9 is also produced for combinations of scanner instruments. All instantaneous shortwave and longwave fluxes at the Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA) from the CERES ES-8 product for a month are sorted by 2.5-degree spatial regions, by day number, and by the local hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-day-hour bin is determined and recorded on the ES-9 along with other flux statistics and scene information. For each region, the daily average flux is estimated from an algorithm that uses the available hourly data, scene identification data, and diurnal models. This algorithm is 'like' the algorithm used for the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). The ES-9 also contains hourly average fluxes for the month and an overall monthly average for each region. These average fluxes are given for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. The following CERES ES9 data sets are currently available: CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_PFM+FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_PFM+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition1 CER_ES9_TRMM-PFM_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition2 CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_FM1+FM2+FM3+FM4_Edition1 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM3_Edition2 CER_ES9_FM1+FM4_Edition2 CER_ES9_Aqua-FM3_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Aqua-FM4_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM1_Edition1-CV CER_ES9_Terra-FM2_Edition1-CV. [Location=GLOBAL] [Temporal_Coverage: Start_Date=1998-01-01; Stop_Date=2006-09-30] [Spatial_Coverage: Southernmost_Latitude=-90; Northernmost_Latitude=90; Westernmost_Longitude=-180; Easternmost

Falling in love with minerals terra mineralia - a journey to the most beautiful minerals of the world

Science.gov (United States)

Anna, D.

2013-12-01

Is it possible to make people fall in love with minerals? Yes, it is. And it happens daily at terra mineralia, a permanent exhibition displaying a collection of 3500 rare and beautiful minerals, precious stones and meteorites in Freiberg/Saxony. The exhibits are part of one of the world's largest private collections of minerals and have been given to the TU Bergakademie Freiberg on permanent loan by Dr. Erika Pohl-Ströher. The exquisite pieces stem from sites on every continent, and as such, allow the visitor to virtually journey around the world to the world's most beautiful minerals - an amazing and unexpected experience. The specimen are so unique in quality and aesthetical appearance that scientists and private collectors from all over the world are overwhelmed by their display. However, the exhibition is less targeted towards the specialist or collector. Due to the close ties of the terra mineralia to its parent organization, the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, which is one of the leading universities dedicated to the geo-sciences, it has been primarily designed to attract young visitors, school children and students. It is the expressed goal of the University and Dr. Erika Pohl-Ströher to give young people the opportunity to discover the fascinating aspects natural sciences have to offer. Therefore, the efforts of the museums educational service focus on raising awareness and enticing the young 'scientists' to be. Why not continue a live of learning where the interest in natural sciences had been nurtured in first place - at the TU Bergakademie in Freiberg, for example with studies in the fields of mineralogy, geology or mining? And while you are at it, come back to terra mineralia as a student to help form and train the next generation of young talents. So, does it work? Yes, even if it is still too early to see the young enrolled in the University. What we already see, is a tremendous amount of positive feed back from the young, their parents and educators

Soil water storage in an upland forest after selective logging in Central Amazonia Armazenamento de água no solo após extração seletiva de madeira em floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. J. F. Ferreira

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Soil water storage of Central Amazonian soil profiles in upland forest plots subjected to selective logging (in average, 8 trees or 34, 3 m³ of timber per hectare were removed was measured in four layers, down to a depth of 70 cm. The study lasted 27-months and was divided in two phases: measurements were carried out nearly every week during the first 15 months; in the following year, five intensive periods of measurements were performed. Five damage levels were compared: (a control (undisturbed forest plot; (b centre of the clearing/gap; (c edge of the gap; (d edge of the remaining forest; and (e remaining forest. The lowest values for water storage were found in the control (296 ± 19.1 mm, while the highest were observed (333 ± 25.8 mm in the centre of the gap, during the dry period. In the older gaps (7.5-8.5 year old, soil water storage was similar to the remaining and the control forest, indicating a recovery of hydric soil properties to nearly the levels prior to selective logging.Foi medido o armazenamento de água em perfis de solo de 0-70 cm, divididos em quatro camadas em parcelas de floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Central, submetidas à extração seletiva de madeira, tendo sido retiradas, em média, 8 árvores por hectare ou 34 m³ de madeira. O estudo foi realizado num período de 27 meses em duas fases: na primeira, as medidas foram, na sua maioria, semanais, num período de 15 meses. Na segunda, as medidas foram feitas em cinco períodos intensivos. Foram comparados cinco tratamentos: (a controle (floresta intacta, (b centro da clareira, (c borda da clareira, (d borda da floresta remanescente e (e floresta remanescente. Os valores mais baixos de armazenamento de água no solo (296 ± 19,1 mm foram encontrados no controle, enquanto os mais altos foram medidos no centro da clareira (333 ± 25,8 mm, no período seco. Nas clareiras mais antigas (7,5-8,5 anos de idade, os armazenamentos de água no solo foram similares aos da

First results from the GPS atmosphere sounding experiment TOR aboard the TerraSAR-X satellite

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G. Beyerle

2011-07-01

Full Text Available GPS radio occultation events observed between 24 July and 17 November 2008 by the IGOR occultation receiver aboard the TerraSAR-X satellite are processed and analyzed. The comparison of 15 327 refractivity profiles with collocated ECMWF data yield a mean bias between zero and −0.30 % at altitudes between 5 and 30 km. Standard deviations decrease from about 1.4 % at 5 km to about 0.6 % at 10 km altitude, however, increase significantly in the upper stratosphere. At low latitudes mean biases and standard deviations are larger, in particular in the lower troposphere. The results are consistent with 15 159 refractivity observations collected during the same time period by the BlackJack receiver aboard GRACE-A and processed by GFZ's operational processing system. The main difference between the two occultation instruments is the implementation of open-loop signal tracking in the IGOR (TerraSAR-X receiver which improves the tropospheric penetration depth in terms of ray height by about 2 km compared to the conventional closed-loop data acquired by BlackJack (GRACE-A.

Trends in soil-vegetation dynamics in burned Mediterranean pine forests: the effects of soil properties

Science.gov (United States)

Wittenberg, L.; Malkinson, D.

2009-04-01

Fire can impact a variety of soil physical and chemical properties. These changes may result, given the fire severity and the local conditions, in decreased infiltration and increased runoff and erosion rates. Most of these changes are caused by complex interactions among eco-geomorphic processes which affect, in turn, the rehabilitation dynamics of the soil and the regeneration of the burnt vegetation. Following wildfire events in two forests growing on different soil types, we investigated runoff, erosion, nutrient export (specifically nitrogen and phosphorous) and vegetation recovery dynamics. The Biriya forest site, burned during the 2006 summer, is composed of two dominant lithological types: soft chalk and marl which are relatively impermeable. The rocks are usually overlain by relatively thick, up of to 80 cm, grayish-white Rendzina soil, which contains large amounts of dissolved carbonate. These carbonates serve as a limiting factor for vegetation growth. The planted forest in Biriya is comprised of monospecific stands of Pinus spp. and Cupressus spp. The Mt. Carmel area, which was last burned in the 2005 spring, represents a system of varied Mediterranean landscapes, differentiated by lithology, soils and vegetation. Lithology is mainly composed of limestone, dolomite, and chalk. The dominant soil is Brown Rendzina whilst in some locations Grey Rendzina and Terra Rossa can be found. The local vegetation is composed mainly of a complex of pine (Pinus halepensis), oak (Quercus calliprinos), Pistacia lentiscus and associations At each site several 3X3 m monitoring plots were established to collect runoff and sediment. In-plot vegetation changes were monitored by a sequence of aerial photographs captured using a 6 m pole-mounted camera. At the terra-rosa sites (Mt. Carmel) mean runoff coefficients were 2.18% during the first year after the fire and 1.6% in the second. Mean erosion rates also decreased, from 42 gr/m2 to 4 gr/m2. The recovering vegetation was

Response to the additional information request from the Terra Nova Environmental Assessment Panel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-03-01

This document provides responses to the questions addressed to the proponents of the Terra Nova Development by the Environmental Assessment Panel. The questions and the responses concern hiring practices, labour relations, environmental and wildlife protection, impacts to the Grand Banks fishing industry, operating practices and the effects on offshore installations should extreme conditions of ice, weather, sea and wind occur simultaneously. References cited in response to individual questions are included following each response. Tabs., figs

Model developments in TERRA_URB, the upcoming standard urban parametrization of the atmospheric numerical model COSMO(-CLM)

Science.gov (United States)

Wouters, Hendrik; Blahak, Ulrich; Helmert, Jürgen; Raschendorfer, Matthias; Demuzere, Matthias; Fay, Barbara; Trusilova, Kristina; Mironov, Dmitrii; Reinert, Daniel; Lüthi, Daniel; Machulskaya, Ekaterina

2015-04-01

In order to address urban climate at the regional scales, a new efficient urban land-surface parametrization TERRA_URB has been developed and coupled to the atmospheric numerical model COSMO-CLM. Hereby, several new advancements for urban land-surface models are introduced which are crucial for capturing the urban surface-energy balance and its seasonal dependency in the mid-latitudes. This includes a new PDF-based water-storage parametrization for impervious land, the representation of radiative absorption and emission by greenhouse gases in the infra-red spectrum in the urban canopy layer, and the inclusion of heat emission from human activity. TERRA_URB has been applied in offline urban-climate studies during European observation campaigns at Basel (BUBBLE), Toulouse (CAPITOUL), and Singapore, and currently applied in online studies for urban areas in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Helsinki, Singapore, and Melbourne. Because of its computational efficiency, high accuracy and its to-the-point conceptual easiness, TERRA_URB has been selected to become the standard urban parametrization of the atmospheric numerical model COSMO(-CLM). This allows for better weather forecasts for temperature and precipitation in cities with COSMO, and an improved assessment of urban outdoor hazards in the context of global climate change and urban expansion with COSMO-CLM. We propose additional extensions to TERRA_URB towards a more robust representation of cities over the world including their structural design. In a first step, COSMO's standard EXTernal PARarameter (EXTPAR) tool is updated for representing the cities into the land cover over the entire globe. Hereby, global datasets in the standard EXTPAR tool are used to retrieve the 'Paved' or 'sealed' surface Fraction (PF) referring to the presence of buildings and streets. Furthermore, new global data sets are incorporated in EXTPAR for describing the Anthropogenic Heat Flux (AHF) due to human activity, and optionally the

Comparing Accuracy of Airborne Laser Scanning and TerraSAR-X Radar Images in the Estimation of Plot-Level Forest Variables

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Juha Hyyppä

2010-01-01

Full Text Available In this study we compared the accuracy of low-pulse airborne laser scanning (ALS data, multi-temporal high-resolution noninterferometric TerraSAR-X radar data and a combined feature set derived from these data in the estimation of forest variables at plot level. The TerraSAR-X data set consisted of seven dual-polarized (HH/HV or VH/VV Stripmap mode images from all seasons of the year. We were especially interested in distinguishing between the tree species. The dependent variables estimated included mean volume, basal area, mean height, mean diameter and tree species-specific mean volumes. Selection of best possible feature set was based on a genetic algorithm (GA. The nonparametric k-nearest neighbour (k-NN algorithm was applied to the estimation. The research material consisted of 124 circular plots measured at tree level and located in the vicinity of Espoo, Finland. There are large variations in the elevation and forest structure in the study area, making it demanding for image interpretation. The best feature set contained 12 features, nine of them originating from the ALS data and three from the TerraSAR-X data. The relative RMSEs for the best performing feature set were 34.7% (mean volume, 28.1% (basal area, 14.3% (mean height, 21.4% (mean diameter, 99.9% (mean volume of Scots pine, 61.6% (mean volume of Norway spruce and 91.6% (mean volume of deciduous tree species. The combined feature set outperformed an ALS-based feature set marginally; in fact, the latter was better in the case of species-specific volumes. Features from TerraSAR-X alone performed poorly. However, due to favorable temporal resolution, satellite-borne radar imaging is a promising data source for updating large-area forest inventories based on low-pulse ALS.

Multitemporal monitoring of Karviná subsidence troughs using Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X interferometry

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Lazecký, M.; Jiránková, E.; Kadlečík, Pavel

2017-01-01

Roč. 14, č. 1 (2017), s. 53-59 ISSN 1214-9705 Institutional support: RVO:67985891 Keywords : subsidence * SAR Interferometry * Sentinel-1 * TerraSAR-X * mining Subject RIV: DE - Earth Magnetism, Geodesy, Geography OBOR OECD: Physical geography Impact factor: 0.699, year: 2016 https://www.irsm.cas.cz/index_en.php?page=acta_detail_doi&id=187

Avian distribution in treefall gaps and understorey of terra firme forest in the lowland Amazon

Science.gov (United States)

JR WUNDERLE; MICHAEL R. WILLIG; LUIZA MAGALLI PINTO HENRIQUES

2005-01-01

We compared the bird distributions in the understorey of treefall gaps and sites with intact canopy in Amazonian terra firme forest in Brazil. We compiled 2216 mist-net captures (116 species) in 32 gap and 32 forest sites over 22.3 months. Gap habitats differed from forest habitats in having higher capture rates, total captures, species richness and diversity....

Los cócs: una seña de identidad de la Terra Alta

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Maria Del Loreto Meix

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo trata sobre la repostería tradicional de la comarca de la Terra Alta (Cataluña vinculada a las fiestas, especialmente sobre las pastas que se suelen hacer en dicha comarca. En esta zona las pastas se llaman cócs, una palabra que está presente tanto en la Terra Alta como en las comarcas vecinas de la Ribera d'Ebre o el Priorat. Junto con las pastas se sirve el vino rancio, la mistela o el vino dulce, que también son productos de estas tierras. Actualmente, panaderías y pastelerías de los pueblos de la comarca elaboran estos productos tradicionales artesanos, que en otras épocas sólo se hacían en casa.El artículo, que nace del trabajo de final de carrera realizado por la autora para la licenciatura de Humanidades de la UOC, aporta una visión privilegiada de la riqueza de la Terra Alta con respecto a su historia gastronómica, sus costumbres y la manera de tratar sus dulces. La autora, que ya había trabajado anteriormente en estos aspectos, sitúa las especificidades de la repostería tradicional terraltina en el contexto de las culturas mediterráneas con raíces comunes que se remontan al mundo antiguo y medieval y que todavía mantienen un "aire de familia" bien identificable; a la vez, recorre por la zona, con interés etnográfico, lo que denomina "el mundo del trigo" (la amasadura del pan, el oficio de panadero, los hornos y otras herramientas, las tradiciones asociadas.... En definitiva, rescata un aspecto vivo de la cotidianidad local y lo sitúa a la luz de la historia de la alimentación, mientras aporta información que puede ser de interés desde otros ángulos de estudio.

Ambiente institucional e compra de terras por estrangeiros em países em desenvolvimento

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Leandro Simões Pongeluppe

2014-03-01

Full Text Available De acordo com o Banco Mundial, desde o final dos anos 2000 o movimento de aquisição de terras por estrangeiros tem se acentuado nos países em desenvolvimento, impulsionado pelo boom dos preços das commodities. Em termos teóricos, a abordagem da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI argumenta que as instituições são importantes para as estratégias dos agentes econômicos e seu desempenho. Neste estudo, apoiado na NEI, pretende-se responder como as instituições presentes em países periféricos refletem o processo de aquisições de terras por investidores estrangeiros. Para esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados secundários de organizações internacionais, como Food and Agriculture Organization, Banco Mundial, Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Comércio e Desenvolvimento, Fundo Monetário Internacional, Organização para a Cooperação Econômica e Desenvolvimento Econômico, Wall Street Journal e agências nacionais. A hipótese principal é que a força ou a fraqueza presente no ambiente institucional em países em desenvolvimento tem influência relevante no nível de Investimento Estrangeiro Direto (IED. Para testar a hipótese, adota-se como metodologia a análise estatística, na qual se verifica a relação entre o nível de IED nos países receptores (variável dependente contra variáveis independentes: liberdade de investimento, direitos de propriedade e nível de corrupção. Espera-se?que os pa?ses com?ambientes institucionais independentes: liberdade de investimento, direitos de propriedade e nível de corrupção. Espera-se que os países com ambientes institucionais fracos, ou menos seguros, tendam a receber menores investimentos em compra de terras e arrendamentos do que outros países que têm estrutura institucional que garanta os direitos de propriedade.

Study of seasonal variation of the gamma radiation at Praia da Areia Preta, Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Brazil: radiometry and risk analysis; Estudo da variacao sazonal dos niveis de radiacao gama na Praia da Areia Preta, Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Brasil: radiometria e analise de risco ambiental

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moura, Jorge Costa de

2003-07-01

The objective of this work is the study of the natural gamma radiation at the Areia Preta Beach (APB) in Guarapari, state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. The level of this radiation is dependent on the concentration of the radioactive mineral monazite in the sand. Probable risks of the exposure to gamma radiation at the APB were evaluated by the preliminary environmental risk analysis technique. For this purpose were conducted two annual sets monitoring gamma radiation in the APB every two months and so, acquired the seasonal variation of the radioactive levels. Additional/y was investigated the granulometry of the heavy mineral fraction and also carried out electronic microscopic scanning and radiometric age dating of the monazites of the APB, the mineral separation by magnetic susceptibility, and the mineralogic determination of the sediment. In order to gain a more complete picture of the seasonal variation, and, consequently, of the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation at the APB, the radiometric variation was also studied at some other beaches in the same region. The results indicate that the highest radiometric values are measured in summer and the lowest in winter. The radiometric dating of the monazites from the APB revealed the ages of 475 and 530 Ma. The Preliminary Hazard Analysis indicates a minimum risk of excessive radioactive exposition. It would take a period of approximately 870 years of a beach fully crowded to result in one case of bad consequences due to exposure to gamma radiation. (author)

Usos da terra e Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP na Bacia do Rio da Prata, Castelo-ES

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Luciano Melo Coutinho

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou o uso da terra e identificou Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio da Prata (BRP, município de Castelo-ES, via técnicas de geoprocessamento. A BRP é marcada pela supressão de vegetação nativa, para expansão da fronteira agropecuária. As classes de uso da terra foram vetorizadas por fotointerpretação de aerofotos ortorretificadas. A delimitação das APPs foi realizada a partir de dados de hidrografia e altimetria de cartas topográficas digitais, com respeito às determinações do Código Florestal Brasileiro. A principal forma de uso da terra é a agropecuária (60,84% da área total, composta pela agricultura (30,21% e pela pecuária (30,63%, sendo que a área preservada com floresta nativa é de 36,85%. As APPs representam 55,48% da área total e sua maior parte (50,40% é utilizada para fins socioeconômicos, enquanto a cobertura florestal representa apenas 49,60%.

Estimation of water transit time in soils under Amazon forest cover using variations in delta18O values

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leopoldo, P.R.; Matsui, E.; Salati, E.

1984-01-01

The work was carried out at the forest reserve of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, located at km 45 of Manaus, in an area characterized by Amazon vegetation of the 'terra-firme' type. To extract the soil water, four soil-water collecting stations were installed, and in each the porous cups were placed at 15, 25, 50, 80 and 120 cm depth from the soil surface. The rain-water and soil-water samples were collected only weekly for analysis of the 18 O content. In an attempt to estimate the soil-water transit time using the variation in 18 O values, a statistical model was used. This model is based on linear regression analysis applied to the values observed for soil water and rain water. From this analysis, regression coefficients are obtained which vary according to time. The values of the coefficients obtained can be adjusted generally, according to a quadratic regression, with the maximum value of the function representing the time in which the best statistical correlation between the observed delta 18 O values occurs. The time obtained from these correlations represents the mean time necessary for the water to run from one collecting point to the next. (author)

Transferências orbitais dentro do modelo quase bicircular no sistema Terra-Lua-Sol

Science.gov (United States)

Corrêa, A. A.; de Almeida Prado, A. F. B.; Stuchi, T. J.; Beaugé, C.

2003-08-01

O problema quase bicircular planar consiste na determinação da dinâmica de um corpo, de massa desprezível, que se move sob o campo gravitacional de três corpos. No caso estudado, o quarto corpo é considerado um satélite artificial e os demais são a Terra, a Lua e o Sol, formando o sistema de três corpos. Este modelo permite a construção de uma hamiltoniana similar a do problema restrito de três corpos (PRTC), incluindo termos periódicos não autônomos, provenientes da presença do Sol, portanto pode ser entendido como uma perturbação ao PRTC. Suas órbitas periódicas aparecem isoladas e possuem o mesmo período solar. Os pontos de equilíbrio colineares possuem o mesmo caráter de estabilidade linear dos pontos lagrangianos (L1, L2 e L3) do PRTC, sendo do tipo sela x centro x centro, instável na direção x e estáveis nas direções y e z. As órbitas periódicas tridimensionais ao redor do ponto colinear é chamada órbita Halo. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar órbitas de transferências de baixo consumo de combustível para um veículo espacial partindo de uma órbita de estacionamento ao redor da Terra em direção a uma órbita Halo do ponto L1, situado entre a Terra e Lua. Esta tarefa pode ser transformada no problema de valor de contorno: dado um ponto inicial na órbita de estacionamento, um ponto final na órbita halo e o tempo de transferência, deseja-se obter a trajetória que liga estes dois pontos e que minimize os incrementos de velocidade do veículo. Essas transferências são realizadas baseadas no método de Lambert e analisadas de modo a fornecer um baixo consumo. Posteriormente, é feita uma comparação de consumo com as órbitas de transferência equivalentes do PRTC.

Petrology of Terra Nova pluton, Brazil, and associated ultrapotassic dykes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva Filho, A.F. da; Thompson, R.N.; Leat, P.T.

1987-01-01

The Upper Precambrian Terra Nova Pluton, situated 550 Km inland from Recife, Brazil, is 220 Km 2 in area and intrudes deformed metasedimentary rocks of the Pianco-Alto Brigida Mobile Belt. The Pluton shows complex petrological relationships. It consists of subalkaline quartz-monzonites and quartz-syenites, and the major minerals are K-feldspars, albite, hornblende, and quartz. The pluton is intermediate in composition (SiO 2 = 58.9-65.6 wt%, MgO=0.9-3.7 wt%) and is dominantly potassic (K 2 O=3.3-5.6 wt %; K 2 O/Na 2 O=0.9-1.8). Ba (up to 2.300 ppm) and Sr (up to 1,100 ppm) are abundant in the rocks, and LREE are enriched relative to HREE (La N /Lu N = 25.6-43.2). There is no significant Eu Anomaly. Rounded autoliths within the pluton are similar, but more mafic in composition (SiO 2 =54.6-57.5 wt %; MgO=4.9-6.4 wt %). A suite of dykes cut pluton and the surrounding country rocks. These dykes are varied in composition, encompassing most of the chemical range shown by the pluton and associated autoliths. The dykes are holocrystalline, peralkaline, and strongly enriched in both K 2 O(K 2 O=5.3-11.4 wt %) and Ba (Ba=2,400 ppm-10,500 ppm), which are considered to be magmatic abundances. The dykes have similar REE and other trace elements and ratios to the autoliths and plutonic rocks, and the dykes and the pluton are thought to be chemically related. The Terra Nova Pluton records the fractionation of mantle-derived ultrapotassic magma from mafic to intermediate compositions. (author) [pt

História da terra e do homem no Planalto Central, de Paulo Bertran

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Kelerson Semerene Costa

2012-07-01

Full Text Available História da terra e do homem no Planalto Central: eco-história do Distrito Federal, de Paulo Bertran. Brasília, Editora da Universidade de Brasília, 3a. edição, 2011. 615 p. Coleção UnB nos 50 anos de Brasília. R$ 65,00 Ilustrado, Índice remissivo, ISBN 978-85-230-1281-6

Arsenic Encapsulation Using Portland Cement With Ferrous Sulfate/Lime And Terra-BondTM Technologies - Microcharacterization And Leaching Studies

Science.gov (United States)

This work reports the results of an investigation on the treatment and encapsulation of arsenic-containing materials by Portland cement with ferrous sulfate and lime (PFL) and Terra-BondTM, a commercially available patented technology. The arsenic materials treated we...

Wineries Evaluation of Costs and Benefits of Sustainability Certification Program: The Case of Terra Vitis in France.

Science.gov (United States)

Jourjon, Frederique; Chou, Hsia-Chi; Gezart, Anna; Kadison, Amy E; Martinat, Lea; Pomarici, Eugenio; Vecchio, Riccardo

2016-01-01

The current paper analyses the evaluation of the costs and benefits of French wineries (N=69) participating in the sustainability program Terra Vitis, a widespread environmental certification scheme within the French wine industry. An online questionnaire was sent to all Terra Vitis participants, in order to analyse the evaluation of economic costs and benefits (together with environmental benefits) as perceived by wineries. Our findings reveal that older participants in the scheme (over 5 years), firms with higher export share (>40% of annual turnover) and cooperative wineries tend to be keener to assign a positive evaluation to the benefits/costs ratio in both the vineyard and the winery. In the context of increasing concerns regarding the economic and environmental performance of the French agricultural sector, such findings and also the patent research could be useful for policy makers and entrepreneurs in defining mainstream normative and corporate strategies. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Characterization of winter airborne particles at Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, Tafeng; Lee, Shuncheng; Cao, Junji; Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Ho, Kinfai; Ho, Wingkei; Rong, Bo; An, Zhisheng

2009-01-01

Daytime and nighttime total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected inside and outside Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, the most popular on-site museum in China, in winter 2008. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of visitors to indoor airborne particles in two display halls with different architectural and ventilating conditions, including Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1. Morphological and elemental analyses of 7-day individual particle samples were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). Particle mass concentrations in Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1 were in a range of 54.7-291.7 μg m -3 and 95.3-285.4 μg m -3 with maximum diameters of 17.5 μm and 26.0 μm, respectively. In most sampling days, daytime/nighttime particle mass ratios in Exhibition Hall (1.30-3.12) were higher than those in Pit No.1 (0.96-2.59), indicating more contribution of the tourist flow in Exhibition Hall than in Pit No. 1. The maximum of particle size distributions were in a range of 0.5-1.0 μm, with the highest abundance (43.4%) occurred in Exhibition Hall at night. The majority of airborne particles at the Museum was composed of soil dust, S-containing particles, and low-Z particles like soot aggregate and biogenic particles. Both size distributions and particle types were found to be associated with visitor numbers in Exhibition Hall and with natural ventilation in Pit No.1. No significant influence of visitors on indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) was found in either display halls. Those baseline data on the nature of the airborne particles inside the Museum can be incorporated into the maintenance criteria, display management, and ventilation strategy by conservators of the museum.

Redução da infestação de Brachiaria plantaginea em soja pela cobertura do solo com palha de aveia-preta Reduction of Brachiaria plantaginea infestation on soybean crop with black oat residues

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GIOVANI THEISEN

2000-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido em área da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em Eldorado do Sul, RS, em 1996/97, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de resíduos de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb. sobre o solo na densidade de papuã (Brachiaria plantaginea (Link Hitch. e no rendimento da cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições; os tratamentos método de controle de papuã (nas parcelas e cobertura do solo (nas subparcelas foram arranjados em esquema fatorial. A densidade da planta daninha diminuiu de forma exponencial com o aumento da cobertura de aveia sobre o solo, variando de 829 a 86 plantas/m² para níveis de cobertura 0,0 t/ha e 10,5 t/ha, respectivamente. Houve maior infestação de papuã nas linhas do que nas entrelinhas da cultura. Não houve efeito da cobertura vegetal no rendimento da soja quando a cultura foi mantida livre de papuã. Por sua vez, níveis crescentes de resíduos vegetais sobre o solo controlaram papuã e aumentaram linearmente o rendimento da cultura. Nas condições de alta infestação da área, a produção de grãos aumentou na razão de 158 kg/ha de grãos por tonelada de palha sobre o solo.This work was conducted at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during 1996/97, to evaluate the effect of black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb. residues on alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea (Link Hitch. density and on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill yield. Treatments were arranged in split-plot in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, with weed control method as main plots and level of black oat residues as subplots. An exponential reduction of alexandergrass density was observed, with data varying from 829 to 86 plants/m² for levels of straw on the soil surface of 0 to 10.5 ton/ha, respectively. Higher weed

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLIED TO SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LAND USE CAPABILITY SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS APLICADO À ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA CAPACIDADE DE USO DA TERRA

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Sérgio Campos

2010-05-01

Full Text Available

This research aimed to study land use capability classes in Pratânia, São Paulo State, Brazil, by using the Geographic Information System (GIS, in order to find out the appropriate planning system for soil use. The watershed covers an area of 21,773.61 ha and is located among the coordinates 22^o44’48”S and 22^o52’17”S and 48^o38’21”W and 48^o48’07”W. The land use capability map was made from the slope and soil maps, based on the features of each kind of soil and the land use capability table for class assessment. It was possible to conclude that IIIs was the most significant subclass. Slope classes from 0% to 20% were present in more than 97% of Pratânia, being the plane areas the most representative ones (55%. GIS showed to be an excellent tool for determining land use capability, because the geoprocessing use facilitates and activates the digital data crossing, allowing its storage for future environmental planning.

KEY-WORDS: Remote sensing; GIS; soil occupation.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as

Poda drástica de verão e produção de cultivares de amoreira-preta em região subtropical

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Maraisa Hellen Tadeu

2015-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o manejo de podas em cultivares de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp., submetidas à poda drástica de verão, em regiões subtropicais. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x7 (podas x cultivares, no Município de Lavras, MG. Foram utilizadas as cultivares Comanche, Caingangue, Choctaw, Tupy, Guarani, Brazos e Cherokee, que receberam poda convencional (controle e poda drástica de verão. Foram avaliados dados fenológicos, vegetativos e produtivos nos ciclos de produção 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, além de características físico-químicas dos frutos e da incidência de doenças, no último ciclo de produção. A poda drástica de verão aumenta a produção das cultivares em regiões subtropicais. Não há diferença na qualidade dos frutos colhidos de plantas submetidas aos sistemas de poda avaliados. A poda drástica de verão não é eficiente na redução ou no controle de doenças.

High Fidelity Non-Gravitational Force Models for Precise and Accurate Orbit Determination of TerraSAR-X

Science.gov (United States)

Hackel, Stefan; Montenbruck, Oliver; Steigenberger, -Peter; Eineder, Michael; Gisinger, Christoph

Remote sensing satellites support a broad range of scientific and commercial applications. The two radar imaging satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X provide spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR data with a very high accuracy. The increasing demand for precise radar products relies on sophisticated validation methods, which require precise and accurate orbit products. Basically, the precise reconstruction of the satellite’s trajectory is based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements from a geodetic-grade dual-frequency receiver onboard the spacecraft. The Reduced Dynamic Orbit Determination (RDOD) approach utilizes models for the gravitational and non-gravitational forces. Following a proper analysis of the orbit quality, systematics in the orbit products have been identified, which reflect deficits in the non-gravitational force models. A detailed satellite macro model is introduced to describe the geometry and the optical surface properties of the satellite. Two major non-gravitational forces are the direct and the indirect Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP). Due to the dusk-dawn orbit configuration of TerraSAR-X, the satellite is almost constantly illuminated by the Sun. Therefore, the direct SRP has an effect on the lateral stability of the determined orbit. The indirect effect of the solar radiation principally contributes to the Earth Radiation Pressure (ERP). The resulting force depends on the sunlight, which is reflected by the illuminated Earth surface in the visible, and the emission of the Earth body in the infrared spectra. Both components of ERP require Earth models to describe the optical properties of the Earth surface. Therefore, the influence of different Earth models on the orbit quality is assessed within the presentation. The presentation highlights the influence of non-gravitational force and satellite macro models on the orbit quality of TerraSAR-X.

Validasi Algoritma Estimasi konsentrasi Klorofil-a dan Padatan Tersuspensi Menggunakan Citra Terra dan Aqua Modis dengan Data In situ (Studi Kasus : Perairan Selat Makassar

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Endang Prinina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Klorofil-a dan Padatan Tersuspensi (TSS merupakan parameter fisik kualitas perairan. Pigmen klorofil-a memiliki daya serap yang tinggi pada gelombang tampak biru dan merah. TSS merupakan zat padatan sedimentasi dari aliran sungai yang membawa material-material organik maupun anorganik. Kandungan TSS yang tinggi sangat mengganggu proses fotosintesis pada fitoplankton yang merupakan produsen penghasil zat klorofil-a. Sehingga TSS juga mampu menyerap gelombang tampak. Kemampuan klorofil-a dan TSS dalam menyerap gelombang tampak dapat di amati dengan menggunakan teknologi penginderaan jauh. Pemanfaatan teknologi ini membutuhkan algoritma dalam menentukan nilai estimasi konsentrasi klorofil-a dan TSS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra Terra dan Aqua MODIS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi hasil algoritma klorofil-a dan TSS yang telah ada dalam perangkat lunak SeaDAS 7.3.1. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan koreksi atmosfer terbaik dalam pendugaan klorofil-a dan TSS yaitu koreksi atmosfer MUMM. Dari hasil pemetaan klorofil-a dan TSS menghasilkan nilai NMAE sebesar 158,34% dan 65,28%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa algoritma empiris ini tidak dapat diterapkan pada Selat Makassar. Sebaran klorofil-a terendah sebesar 0,105 µg/l dan tertinggi sebesar 0,783 µg/l pada citra Terra MODIS. Sedangkan sebaran TSS terendah 0,02 mg/l dan tertinggi 6,88 mg/l pada citra Terra MODIS. Citra Terra MODIS lebih baik dalam pendugaan klorofil-a dan TSS dengan menggunakan algoritma empiris di SeaDAS 7.3.1 daripada menggunakan citra Aqua MODIS.

TerraSAR-X time-series interferometry detects human-induce subsidence in the Historical Centre of Hanoi, Vietnam

Science.gov (United States)

Le, Tuan; Chang, Chung-Pai; Nguyen, Xuan

2016-04-01

Hanoi was the capital of 12 Vietnamese dynasties, where the most historical relics, archaeological ruins and ancient monuments are located over Vietnam. However, those heritage assets are threatened by the land subsidence process occurred in recent decades, which mainly triggered by massive groundwater exploitation and construction activities. In this work, we use a set of high resolution TerraSAR-X images to map small-scale land subsidence patterns in the Historical Centre of Hanoi from April 2012 to November 2013. Images oversampling is integrated into the Small Baseline InSAR processing chain in order to enlarge the monitoring coverage by increasing the point-wise measurements, maintaining the monitoring scale of single building and monument. We analyzed over 2.4 million radar targets on 13.9 km2 area of interest based on 2 main sites: The Citadel, the Old Quarter and French Quarter. The highest subsidence rate recorded is -14.2 mm/year. Most of the heritage assets are considered as stable except the Roman Catholic Archdiocese and the Ceramic Mosaic Mural with the subsidence rates are -14.2 and -13.7 mm/year, respectively. Eventually, optical image and soil properties map are used to determine the causes of subsidence patterns. The result shows the strong relationships between the existing construction sites, the component of sediments and land subsidence processes that occurred in the study site.

Inducción y sincronización de la actividad ovárica en corderas de la raza portuguesa “Churra da Terra Quente”

OpenAIRE

Azevedo, Jorge Manuel Teixeira de; Correia, Teresa Montenegro; Almeida, José Carlos; Valentim, Ramiro; Fontes, Paulo J.; Galvão, Lurdes; Mendonça, Álvaro; Coelho, Alípio

2003-01-01

El principal objetivo de este trahajo fue (estudiar la eficacia de la utilización de implantes subcutáneos de melatonina en la inducción de la actividad ovárica y del tratamiento hormonal - progestágenos + cCG - en la sincronización de celos en corderas de la raza portuguesa Churra da Terra Quente. La aplicación de implantes de melatonina interrumpió efectivamente el anoestro estacional de las corderas Churras da Terra Quente. Todavía, el porcentaje de corderas que presentó celo (61,5%) y la ...

Erosão na cultura do milho em sucessão à aveia preta e pousio descoberto, em preparo convencional e plantio direto, com tração animal e tratorizada

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R. Levien

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Empregando chuva simulada em Argissolo Vermelho distrófico arênico, com declividade média de 0,12 m m-1, avaliou-se a erosão na cultura do milho (Zea mays L. em preparo convencional e plantio direto, utilizando tração animal e tratorizada, antecedida de pousio descoberto e aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schieb no inverno, no período compreendido entre 1994 e 1995. Chuvas simuladas na intensidade de 64 mm h-1 e duração de 60 a 105 min foram aplicadas em quatro épocas: logo após a semeadura, 30 e 60 dias após a emergência e logo após a colheita do milho. A cobertura do solo propiciada pela cultura de inverno foi reduzida em 90% após o preparo convencional, independentemente da forma de tração. As perdas de solo e água medidas durante o desenvolvimento do milho foram sempre maiores sob preparo convencional do que sob plantio direto, independentemente da forma de tração, exceto logo após a colheita, quando a resteva estava uniformemente distribuída na superfície do solo. No preparo convencional, a erosão na cultura do milho foi, na média das formas de tração, 45% menor, quando antecedida de aveia preta no inverno do que quando antecedida de pousio descoberto. Por sua vez, a cultura do milho, por si só, reduziu a erosão em 60%, na média das formas de tração, comparada à do solo descoberto. A forma de tração influenciou a erosão somente no preparo convencional, com a animal apresentando perdas totais de solo 55 e 15% inferiores à tratorizada, respectivamente na cultura do milho e em solo descoberto. A perda de água por enxurrada foi mais afetada pela forma de tração no preparo convencional, totalizando, em média, 44% na animal e 57% na tratorizada, em relação ao volume total de chuva aplicado.

‘Land grabbing’ e ‘Green grabbing’: Uma leitura da ‘corrida na produção acadêmica’ sobre a apropriação global de terras

NARCIS (Netherlands)

S. Sauer (Sergio); S.M. Borras jr. (Saturnino)

2016-01-01

markdownabstractA partir de 2008, houve uma extensa produção e publicação de artigos acadêmicos, basicamente em inglês, sobre um fenômeno denominado corrida mundial por terras ou land grabbing (apropriação de terras). Depois de cinco ou seis anos, essa produção se mantém, mas com construções

SUSCEPTIBILIDADE AMBIENTAL A SALINIZAÇÃO DAS TERRAS EM MUNICÍPIOS DA MICRORREGIÃO DE PETROLINA - PERNAMBUCO - BRASIL

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Francelita Coelho Castro

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A salinização é o processo de acumulo de sais solúveis nos solos proporcionados pelas ações humanas no tocante das práticas de uso dos solos, assim como, provocados por processos naturais. O problema provoca redução da capacidade de produção agrícola de centenas de hectares de terras, principalmente nas regiões semiáridas e áridas, incluído parte das terras localizadas no nordeste brasileiro. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o mapeamento da susceptibilidade a salinização dos solos em cinco municípios da microrregião de Petrolina, semiárido do estado de Pernambuco. Para realização do estudo foram necessárias análises dos papeis dos atributos relevo, práticas de usos e ocupação das terras e os condicionantes dos solos referentes às susceptibilidades de salinização dos solos. Após as análises individuais os atributos foram cruzados com apoio das ferramentas geotecnológicas para confecção da carta de susceptibilidade a salinização. Os resultados apontam que os municípios estudados apresentam, em sua grande maioria, de média a alta susceptibilidade a salinização, constatação que requer cuidados especiais e políticas públicas para implantação de manejo adequado a realidade local.

Avaliação fitotecnica de bananeiras tipo terra sob irrigação em condições semi-áridas Agronomical evaluation of bananas under irrigation and semi-arid conditions

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Hudson Caldeira de Faria

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar fitotecnicamente as características vegetativas e de rendimento de cinco cultivares de bananeira tipo Terra, em primeiro ciclo de produção sob irrigação nas condições semiáridas da região de Guanambi - BA. Utilizaram-se descritores fenotípicos relevantes para a identificação e seleção de indivíduos com características superiores, visando a disponibilizar aos produtores dos perímetros de irrigação uma alternativa para a diversificação da bananicultura. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: número de dias do plantio ao florescimento e à colheita, altura da planta, perímetro do pseudocaule, número de folhas vivas nas épocas do florescimento e colheita, o intervalo florescimento-colheita, peso do cacho, da ráquis e das pencas, número de pencas e de frutos, comprimento e diâmetro do fruto. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, constituídos pelas cultivares AAB: Terra, Terra-Maranhão, Terrinha e D'Angola e pelo híbrido AAAB: FHIA-21 com cinco repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por 20 plantas (quatro fileiras de cinco plantas, com seis plantas úteis no espaçamento de 3,0 m x 3,0 m. Destacaram-se as cultivares avaliadas a Terra e a Terra Maranhão como as mais produtivas, porém, com maior altura e mais tardias em ciclo. O híbrido FHIA-21 e as cultivares Terrinha e D'Angola, apresentaram-se com maior número de folhas vivas à época da colheita. A cultivar D'Angola apresentou a menor produtividade dentre as cultivares avaliadas.The goal of this work was to make a agronomical evaluation of the vegetative characteristics and income of five cultivars of banana type Plantain, in the first production cycle under irrigation in the semi-arid conditions of the region of the city of Guanambi -Bahia State. Relevant phenotypic descriptors were used for the identification and selection of individuals with superior

Condições históricas e sociais que regulam o acesso a terra no espaço agrário brasileiro

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Guiomar Inez Germani

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo traçar a trajetória histórica e social que forjou as bases para o estabelecimento da estrutura e organização do espaço rural no Brasil. Destaca as condições históricas e sociais que regulam o acesso a terra e como estas orientaram o processo de apropriação privada das terras livres em muito poucas mãos desde o período inicial da colonização portuguesa. Analisa, também, como este processo teve continuidade nos períodos posteriores, garantindo e fortalecendo a concentração da estrutura fundiária, como monopólio de classe, enquanto o número de trabalhadores rurais sem terra continua a crescer. É uma tentativa de entender como, em diferentes momentos da história, as relações sociais estabelecidas foram conformando a apropriação privada da natureza e, ao mesmo tempo, a organização do espaço rural, sendo legitimada pelo poder político através de uma legislação que é sempre usada para por obstáculos e dificultar o acesso a terra a amplas camadas da população. Em tempos mais recentes, os trabalhadores rurais sem terra opõem resistência a esta situação. De forma organizada, agem em todo o território nacional tentando por um fim a esta pesada herança e a escrever uma história em novas bases e com novas regras para o acesso a terra. Abstract This paper is meant to trace the historical and social trajectory that launched the bases for the Brazilian rural space settlement. It analyses the different forms of access to the land as well as the process which has lead to the capture of the “free lands” in very few hands during the early period of the Portuguese colonization. It also describes how this process has shaped and strengthened the structure of the land monopoly, concentrated and violent by it-self while the number of landless peasants continues to increase. It is an attempt to understand how in different moments of the history, this process was legitimated by the political

Resíduos vegetais na superfície do solo afetam a acidez do solo e a eficiência do herbicida flumetsulam Soil surface residues affect soil acidity and flumetsulam herbicid efficiency

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Antonio Sergio do Amaral

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de resíduos de duas espécies vegetais em alterar a acidez do solo e a atividade do herbicida flumetsulam, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, em novembro de 1998. Amostras da camada superficial (0-20cm de um cambissolo húmico distrófico foram colocadas em vasos, com capacidade de 1,0kg, onde se aplicou na superfície: 0, 5 e 10t ha-1 de resíduos de aveia-preta e de ervilhaca comum, com e sem aplicação do herbicida. Utilizou-se aveia-branca como cultura reagente. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. O resíduo da ervilhaca aumentou o pH do solo e ambos os resíduos diminuíram o alumínio trocável na camada de 0-3cm de profundidade, sendo o efeito da ervilhaca mais pronunciado. O decréscimo do alumínio trocável foi relacionado a dois mecanismos: complexação pela matéria orgânica e aumento do pH. Os resíduos vegetais aplicados sobre a superfície do solo aumentaram a eficiência do herbicida flumetsulam, especialmente quando o herbicida foi aplicado sobre os resíduos da leguminosa, que teve maior efeito na elevação do pH do solo.An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the Soils Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in November of 1998, to evaluate the potential of two crop residues to modify the acidity of the soil and the activity of the flumetsulam herbicide. The experimental units consisted of pots containing an Haplumbrept soil from the surface layer (0-20cm in with it was applyed 0, 5 and 10t ha-1 of black oat and of common vicia residues, with and without the herbicide application in the soil surface, and arranged in a complete randomized design, with three replications. White oat was used as test culture. Vicia residues increase soil pH and both residues decreased exchangeable Al in the 0-3cm layer, with the effect of vicia

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Day V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Day (MOD21A1D.006). A new suite of MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and...

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid (MOD21A2.006). A new suite of MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Emissivity...

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Night V006

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Night (MOD21A1N.006). A new suite of MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) and...

Study of seasonal variation of the gamma radiation at Praia da Areia Preta, Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Brazil: radiometry and risk analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moura, Jorge Costa de

2003-01-01

The objective of this work is the study of the natural gamma radiation at the Areia Preta Beach (APB) in Guarapari, state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. The level of this radiation is dependent on the concentration of the radioactive mineral monazite in the sand. Probable risks of the exposure to gamma radiation at the APB were evaluated by the preliminary environmental risk analysis technique. For this purpose were conducted two annual sets monitoring gamma radiation in the APB every two months and so, acquired the seasonal variation of the radioactive levels. Additional/y was investigated the granulometry of the heavy mineral fraction and also carried out electronic microscopic scanning and radiometric age dating of the monazites of the APB, the mineral separation by magnetic susceptibility, and the mineralogic determination of the sediment. In order to gain a more complete picture of the seasonal variation, and, consequently, of the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation at the APB, the radiometric variation was also studied at some other beaches in the same region. The results indicate that the highest radiometric values are measured in summer and the lowest in winter. The radiometric dating of the monazites from the APB revealed the ages of 475 and 530 Ma. The Preliminary Hazard Analysis indicates a minimum risk of excessive radioactive exposition. It would take a period of approximately 870 years of a beach fully crowded to result in one case of bad consequences due to exposure to gamma radiation. (author)

Análise exploratória espacial dos preços das terras agrícolas no estado de São Paulo.

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Hélder Gramacho dos Santos

2015-04-01

Full Text Available A Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais consiste de uma coleção de técnicas para descrever e visualizar distribuições espaciais, descobrir padrões de associação, identificar aglomerados e situações atípicas. Buscando alcançar a estes objetivos foi realizada Análise Exploratória Espacial dos Valores de Terra Nua de cinco categorias de terras agrícolas do Estado de São Paulo do ano de 2012. Realizou-se a estatística descritiva dos dados, calculou-se os Índices de Moran Global e o Índice Local de Associação Espacial e produziu-se mapas que descrevem os fenômenos espaciais. Todos os procedimentos utilizaram programas livres. Na discussão buscou-se associar a ocorrência dos fenômenos ao Valor da Produção Agropecuária (VPA de São Paulo em 2012. Todas as categorias de terras apresentaram autocorrelação espacial global e os indicadores locais identificaram clusters de preços altos e baixos, algumas categorias apresentaram outliers. Os padrões de formação de clusters foram diferentes para cada categoria de terra. Os maiores VPA estão localizadas em regiões onde ocorreram clusters de preços altos. Avaliações de imóveis rurais realizadas no estado de São Paulo devem atentar para a ocorrência da autocorrelação espacial. A disponibilidade de tais ferramentas por meio de softwares livres deve contribuir para a utilização de tais procedimentos pelos peritos e avaliadores.

Comparisons of Brightness Temperatures of Landsat-7/ETM+ and Terra/MODIS around Hotien Oasis in the Taklimakan Desert

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oguro, Y; Ito, S; Tsuchiya, K

2011-01-01

The brightness temperature (BT) of Taklimakan Desert retrieved from the data of Landsat-7/ETM+ band 6 and Terra/MODIS band 31 and 32 indicates the following features: (1) good linear relationship between the BT of ETM+ and that of MODIS, (2) the observation time adjusted BT of ETM+ is almost equal to that of MODIS, (3) the BT of Terra/MODIS band 31 is slightly higher than that of band 32 over a reservoir while opposite feature is recognized over desert area, (4) the statistical analysis of 225 sample data of ETM+ in one pixel of MODIS for different land covers indicates that the standard deviation and range of BT of ETM+ corresponding to one pixel of MODIS are 0.45 degree C, 2.25 degree C for a flat area of desert, while respective values of the oasis farmland and shading side of rocky hill amount to 2.88 degree C, 14.04 degree C, and 2.80 degree C, 16.04 degree C.

Discrimination of Different Water Layers with TerraSAR X Images in "La Albufera de Valencia"

Science.gov (United States)

García Fernández, M. A.; Miguelsanz Muñoz, P.

2009-04-01

To analyze the capabilities of TerraSAR X Strip Map images in order to discriminate different water layers in the "Parque de la Albufera de Valencia", Spain, a test project was carried out. This place is a rice crop area under European and National Agro environmental regulation which obliges to preserve the habitat and to keep the rice plots flooded out of crop season, from October to January

Propriedades físicas de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico sob sistemas de manejo na sucessão soja-milho no período de três anos = Physical properties in distrofic Red Latosol under management systems in the succession soybean-maize in three years

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Reny Adilmar Prestes Lopes

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou alterações das propriedades físicas teor de água, densidade e porosidade do solo em áreas sob sistemas de semeadura direta e preparo convencional nas culturas de soja e milho em três anos agrícolas. O experimento foi instalado no NúcleoExperimental de Engenharia Agrícola da Unioeste (Cascavel, Estado do Paraná. Nos dois primeiros anos foi implantada a cultura de soja; no terceiro ano, milho, como cultura de verão, e aveia preta e nabo forrageiro, como cobertura de inverno. Durante os três anos,foram observados redução do teor de água e densidade do solo e aumento da porosidade. As variações nas propriedades físicas do solo mostraram relação diretamente proporcional entre teor de água e densidade do solo e inversamente para porosidade. O solo apresentoumelhorias nas condições físicas pelo acréscimo de porosidade e redução de densidade com as culturas de aveia preta+nabo forrageiro e milho. O manejo soja/milho em rotação com aveia preta+nabo forrageiro mostrou-se mais adequado na melhoria das condições físicas dosolo do que os sistemas de manejo, uma vez que nenhum dos sistemas teve maior destaque na melhoria das propriedades físicas avaliadas em todo o período.This study evaluated alterations in the physical properties water content, soil density and porosity in areas under no tillage and tillage systems in the cultures of soybean and maize in three agricultural years. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Nucleus of Agricultural Engineering of Unioeste (Cascavel, state of Paraná. Soybean culture occurred in the first two years and in the third year maize, as summer crop, black oats and forage turnip as winter cover crops. During these three years the study observed reduction of water content and soil density andincrease of porosity . The variations as regards the physical properties of the soil showed direct proportional relation between water content and soil density and was

The Intercomparison of X-Band SAR Images from COSMO‑SkyMed and TerraSAR-X Satellites: Case Studies

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Simone Pettinato

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The analysis of experimental data collected by X-band SAR of COSMO-SkyMed (CSK® and TerraSAR-X (TSX images on the same surface types has shown significant differences in the signal level of the two sensors. In order to investigate the possibility of combining data from the two instruments, a study was carried out by comparing images collected with similar orbital and sensor parameters (e.g., incidence angle, polarization, look angle at approximately the same date on two Italian agricultural test sites. Several homogenous agricultural fields within the observed area common to the two sensors were selected. Some forest plots have also been considered and used as a reference target. Direct comparisons were then performed between CSK and TSX images in different acquisition modes. The analysis carried out on the agricultural fields showed that, in general, the backscattering coefficient is higher in TSX Stripmap images with respect to CSK-Himage (about 3 dB, while CSK-Ping Pong data showed values lower than TSX of about 4.8 dB. Finally, a difference in backscattering of about 2.5 dB was pointed out between CSK-Himage and Ping-Pong images on agricultural fields. These results, achieved on bare soils, have also been compared with simulations performed by using the Advanced Integral Equation Model (AIEM.

Alterations in bottom sediment physical and chemical characteristics at the Terra Nova offshore oil development over ten years of drilling on the grand banks of Newfoundland, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

DeBlois, Elisabeth M.; Paine, Michael D.; Kilgour, Bruce W.; Tracy, Ellen; Crowley, Roger D.; Williams, Urban P.; Janes, G. Gregory

2014-12-01

This paper describes sediment composition at the Terra Nova offshore oil development. The Terra Nova Field is located on the Grand Banks approximately 350 km southeast of Newfoundland, Canada, at an approximate water depth of 100 m. Surface sediment samples (upper 3 cm) were collected for chemical and particle size analyses at the site pre-development (1997) and in 2000-2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010. Approximately 50 stations have been sampled in each program year, with stations extending from less than 1 km to a maximum of 20 km from source (drill centres) along five gradients, extending to the southeast, southwest, northeast, northwest and east of Terra Nova. Results show that Terra Nova sediments were contaminated with >C10-C21 hydrocarbons and barium-the two main constituents of synthetic-based drilling muds used at the site. Highest levels of contamination occurred within 1 to 2 km from source, consistent with predictions from drill cuttings dispersion modelling. The strength of distance gradients for >C10-C21 hydrocarbons and barium, and overall levels, generally increased as drilling progressed but decreased from 2006 to 2010, coincident with a reduction in drilling. As seen at other offshore oil development sites, metals other than barium, sulphur and sulphide levels were elevated and sediment fines content was higher in the immediate vicinity (less than 0.5 km) of drill centres in some sampling years; but there was no strong evidence of project-related alterations of these variables. Overall, sediment contamination at Terra Nova was spatially limited and only the two major constituents of synthetic-based drilling muds used at the site, >C10-C21 hydrocarbons and barium, showed clear evidence of project-related alternations.

Die Pädagogik der Erde (Pedagogia da Terra) als Herausforderung für die Erziehungswissenschaften: Eine Bewertung der Partnerschaft zwischen der Bewegung der Landlosen („Movimento Sem Terra") und der Bundesuniversität von Espírito Santo in Brasilien

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kontopodis, M.; Foerste, E.

2012-01-01

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung über den Studiengang „Pädagogik der Erde" (Pedagogia da Terra) vor. Dieser Studiengang wird seit 1999 von der Bundesuniversität Espírito Santo (UFES) in Partnerschaft mit der Nationalen Behörde für Besiedlungspolitik und Agrarreform

Assessment of radargrammetric DSMs from TerraSAR-X Stripmap images in a mountainous relief area of the Amazon region

Science.gov (United States)

de Oliveira, Cleber Gonzales; Paradella, Waldir Renato; da Silva, Arnaldo de Queiroz

The Brazilian Amazon is a vast territory with an enormous need for mapping and monitoring of renewable and non-renewable resources. Due to the adverse environmental condition (rain, cloud, dense vegetation) and difficult access, topographic information is still poor, and when available needs to be updated or re-mapped. In this paper, the feasibility of using Digital Surface Models (DSMs) extracted from TerraSAR-X Stripmap stereo-pair images for detailed topographic mapping was investigated for a mountainous area in the Carajás Mineral Province, located on the easternmost border of the Brazilian Amazon. The quality of the radargrammetric DSMs was evaluated regarding field altimetric measurements. Precise topographic field information acquired from a Global Positioning System (GPS) was used as Ground Control Points (GCPs) for the modeling of the stereoscopic DSMs and as Independent Check Points (ICPs) for the calculation of elevation accuracies. The analysis was performed following two ways: (1) the use of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and (2) calculations of systematic error (bias) and precision. The test for significant systematic error was based on the Student's-t distribution and the test of precision was based on the Chi-squared distribution. The investigation has shown that the accuracy of the TerraSAR-X Stripmap DSMs met the requirements for 1:50,000 map (Class A) as requested by the Brazilian Standard for Cartographic Accuracy. Thus, the use of TerraSAR-X Stripmap images can be considered a promising alternative for detailed topographic mapping in similar environments of the Amazon region, where available topographic information is rare or presents low quality.

WATER AND SODIUM CHLORIDE EFFECTS ON Mimosa Tenuiflora (WILLD. POIRET SEED GERMINATION

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Ivonete Alves Bakke

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Water shortage and saline soils of the Brazilian semi-arid northeastern region are limiting factors to the development of many plants. Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd. Poiret is a small, multiple use tree that abundantly colonizes unfavorable sites, including environments with severe water stress. This work had the objective of investigating the tolerance of jurema preta seeds to water and salt stresses during germination. Seeds germination in polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000 and sodium chloride (NaCl solutions was analyzed under five different osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.3, -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2MPa, in order to simulate water and salt stress, respectively, in four 100-seed replications for each treatment. Seeds were placed into 10cmx10cmx4cm boxes, and germination accomplished in BOD germinator adjusted to 30oC. The number of germinated seeds was monitored every 24 hours, and percentage and speed of seed germination were generated from these data. Mean percentage germination in the control treatment was ~95%, reducing to 63-53% at -0.9 to -1.2-MPa PEG solutions, and to 27- 9.5% at NaCl solutions at equivalent osmotic potentials. Velocity of germination index was more affected, and decreased up to 1/8 of the control, at -0.6 MPa. Jurema preta seeds showed lower tolerance to NaCl than to water stress, and this species can be classified as a glycophyte.

An overview on the history of pedology and soil mapping in Italy

Science.gov (United States)

Calzolari, C.

2012-04-01

In Italy, the word pedology (pedologia) was introduced in a text book as synonym of soil science for the first time in 1904 by Vinassa de Regny. In the literature, the term cohabitates with the words agrology (agrologia), agro-geology (agro-geologia), agricultural geognostic (geognostica agraria), geopedology (geo-pedologia) used in different historical moments by differently rooted soil scientists. When early pedologists started with systematic studies of soils, their characteristics and geography, they were strongly influenced by their cultural background, mainly geology and agro-chemistry. Along the time, the soil concept evolved, as did the concept of pedology, and this is somehow witnessed by the use of different Italian words with reference to soil: suolo, terreno, terra. Differently from agro-chemists, early pedologists based the soil study on the field description of soil profile. This was firstly based on the vertical differentiation between humus rich layers and "inactive" layers and later on, as long as the discipline evolved, on the presence of genetic horizons. The first complete soil map of Italy is dated 1928. Its Author, the geologist De Angelis d'Ossat, was the president of the organising committee of the 1924 International Soil Conference of Rome, where the International Society of Soil Science was founded. The map was based on the geological map of Italy, drafted in scale 1:1,000,000 after the creation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The internal disputes within the Geological Society, together with the scarce interest of most of geologists for soil, did not facilitate the birth of a central soil survey. Soil mapping was mainly conducted by universities and research institutes, and we had to wait until 1953 for a new soil map (scale 1:3,125,000) at national level to be realised by Paolo Principi, based on literature data. In 1966 a new 1:1,000,000 soil map of Italy was eventually published by a national committee, led by Fiorenzo Mancini. This

Floristic, edaphic and structural characteristics of flooded and unflooded forests in the lower Rio Purús region of central Amazonia, Brazil

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Haugaasen Torbjørn

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Despite a natural history interest in the early 1900s, relatively little ecological research has been carried out in the Rio Purús basin of central Amazonia, Brazil. Here we describe a new study area in the region of Lago Uauaçú with an emphasis on the climate, forest structure and composition, and soil characteristics between adjacent unflooded (terra firme and seasonally inundated forests; situated within both the white-water (várzea and black-water (igapó drainage systems that dominate the landscape. The climate was found to be typical of that of the central Amazon. Várzea forest soils had high concentrations of nutrients, while terra firme and igapó soils were comparatively nutrient-poor. Terra firme forests were the most floristically diverse forest type, whereas várzea was intermediate, and igapó the most species-poor. The Lecythidaceae was the most important family in terra firme while the Euphorbiaceae was the most important in both várzea and igapó. There were significant differences between forest types in terms of number of saplings, canopy cover and understorey density. In contrasting our results with other published information, we conclude that the Lago Uauaçú region consists of a typical central Amazonian forest macro-mosaic, but is a unique area with high conservation value due to the intimate juxtaposition of terra firme, várzea and igapó forests.

Pequenas Histórias Soltas: Mais do Que a Terra do Champanha

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Mariana Schwaab Machiavelli

2013-04-01

Full Text Available O município de Garibaldi está localizado na região turística Uva e Vinho, na Serra Gaúcha, a 110km da capital Porto Alegre. Dentro do cenário entorurístico do qual faz parte, busca diferenciar-se através da produção de espumantes, pioneira no país, quando em 1913 foi produzida a primeira garrafa na Vinícola Peterlongo. Por isso o município se autodenomina Terra do Champanha. Aproveitando esse diferencial, destaca-se no cenário regional pela realização bianual da Festa Nacional do Champanha – FENACHAMP.

GEOTECNOLOGY APPLIED TO CURRENT LAND USE EVALUATION OF RIBEIRÃO JOÃO LEITE WATERSHED, GOIÁS, BRAZIL GEOTECNOLOGIA APLICADA NA AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DAS TERRAS DA MICROBACIA DO RIBEIRÃO JOÃO LEITE, GOIÁS

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Marco Túlio Guimarães Silva

2009-10-01

Full Text Available

The agricultural development in Goiás State, Brazil, demands growing land use, for times under inadequate management that could lead to environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to use geotechnology to evaluate land use at the Ribeirão João Leite watershed, Goiás State, Brazil (between 16°13´S and 16°39´S, and 48°57´S and 49°11´W. Using the software Spring, thematic maps were generated, based on decisive factors of land agricultural conditions (soil fertility, water and oxygen deficiency, impediment to mechanization and susceptibility to erosion for elaboration of land agricultural capability maps, at B and C management levels. Land use and occupation maps were also elaborated and subsequently submitted to cross tabulation operations with the agricultural capability generated maps, being obtained the recommended land use map. The results verified that most of the lands of the studied area are under recommended use or below its agricultural potential, with 71.34% and 66.16%, respectively, at B and C management. It was observed that only 1.81% (management B and 0.92% (management C of the area present land under inadequate use. These results characterize sustainability of the agricultural land use of Ribeirão João Leite watershed, Goiás, Brazil.

Evaluation of monthwise and overall trends of AOD over Indian cities using MODIS Aqua and Terra retrievals

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Subhasis; Ghosh, Sanjay

2016-07-01

Atmospheric aerosols have been shown to have profound impact on climate system and human health. Regular and systematic monitoring of ambient air is thus necessary in order to asses its impact. There are several ground based stations worldwide employed in this service but still their numbers are inadequate and it is even almost impossible to have such stations at difficult geographical terrains and take measurement throughout the year. Aerosol optical depth or AOD, which is a measure of extinction of incoming solar radiation, serves as proxy to atmospheric aerosol loading. Various sensors onboard different satellites take routine measurement of AOD throughout the year. Satellite based AOD is used in many studies due to their wide coverage and availability for a longer time period. Satellite measures reflected solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. Column integrated value of aerosol are routinely estimated from those measurements using suitable inversion algorithms. MODIS instrument onboard Aqua and Terra satellites of Earth Observing System takes routine measurement in wide spectral range. We used those data to evaluate trend of AOD over almost fifty Indian cities having population more than a million. The cities we have chosen spread over almost entire length and breadth of the country. Few such studies have already been conducted using MODIS data. They typically used level 3 data. Since Level 3 data comes in 1x 1 degree gridded form they provide average value over a vast geographical region. We used level 2 dataset to enable us taking smaller region(1/2 x 1/2 degree here) centering the region of our interest . We used seasonal Mann-Kendall (M-K) statistics coupled with Sen's non-parametric slope estimation procedure to estimate monthwise and overall(i.e., yearly trend taking seasonality into account) AOD trend. We used median AOD for each month of every year to discard very high AOD's which we often get due to cloud contamination. Seasonal M-K test takes

A Igreja Católica e os Movimentos Sociais do Campo: a Teologia da Libertação e o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais sem Terra

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Antonio Julio Menezes Neto

Full Text Available O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST do Brasil tem origem vinculada às ações das Igrejas, principalmente da Igreja Católica, em sua vertente denominada Teologia da Libertação. Esse movimento teológico sempre esteve muito próximo das análises sociais socialistas, utilizando, muitas vezes, um referencial marxista. As relações da Igreja Católica com os movimentos sociais do campo foram muito presentes no Brasil, e este trabalho apresenta as relações sociais, políticas e teológicas presentes no MST, já que, desde as primeiras ocupações de terra realizadas por componentes do Movimento, a presença da Igreja Católica é constante. Assim, com foco na relação entre Igreja e MST, este artigo analisa como as mudanças políticas, com a crise do socialismo e o avanço do conservadorismo, impactam as ações do Movimento dos Sem Terra.

Summary of Aqua, Aura, and Terra High Interest Events

Science.gov (United States)

Newman, Lauri

2015-01-01

Single-obs tracking Sparsely tracked objects are an unfortunate reality of CARA operations Terra vs. 32081: new track with bad data was included in OD solution for secondary object and risk became high CARA and JSpOC discussed tracking and OSAs threw out the bad data. Event no longer presented high risk based on new OD Improvement: CARA now sends JSpOC a flag indicating when a single obs is included, so OSAs can evaluate if manual update to OD is required. Missing ASW OCMsAura vs. 87178, TCA: 317 at 08:04 UTC. Post-maneuver risk (conjunction was identified in OO results)CARA confirmed with JSpOC that ASW OCMs should have been received in addition to OO OCMsJSpOC corrected the manual error in their script that prevented the data from being delivered to CARAJSpOC QAd their other scripts to ensure this error did not exist in other places.

Ten Years of MISR Observations from Terra: Looking Back, Ahead, and in Between

Science.gov (United States)

Diner, David J.; Ackerman, Thomas P.; Braverman, Amy J.; Bruegge, Carol J.; Chopping, Mark J.; Clothiaux, Eugene E.; Davies, Roger; Di Girolamo, Larry; Kahn, Ralph A.; Knyazikhin, Yuri;

Geology of Libya Montes and the Interbasin Plains of Northern Tyrrhena Terra, Mars: Project Introduction and First Year Work Plan

Science.gov (United States)

Skiner, J. A., Jr.; Rogers, A. D.; Seelos, K. D.

2009-01-01

The highland-lowland boundary (HLB) of Mars is interpreted to be a complex tectonic and erosional transition that may hold evidence for past geologic processes and environments. The HLB-abutting margin of the Libya Montes and the interbasin plains of northern Tyrrhena Terra display an exceptional view of the earliest to middle history of Mars that has yet to be fully characterized. This region contains some of the oldest exposed materials on the Martian surface as well as aqueous mineral signatures that may be potential chemical artifacts of early highland formational processes. However, a full understanding of the regions geologic and stratigraphic evolution is remarkably lacking. Some outstanding questions regarding the geologic evolution of Libya Montes and northern Tyrrhena Terra in-clude: Does combining geomorphology and composition advance our understanding of the region s evolution? Can highland materials be subdivided into stratigraphically discrete rock and sediment sequences? What do major physiographic transitions imply about the balanced tectonism, climate change, and erosion? Where is the erosional origin and what is the post-depositional history of channel and plains units? When and in what types of environments did aqueous mineral signatures arise? This abstract introduces the geologic setting, science rationale, and first year work plan of a recently-funded 4-year geologic mapping proposal (project year = calendar year). The objective is to delineate the geologic evolution of Libya Montes and northern Tyrrhena Terra at 1:1M scale using both classical geomorphological and compositional mapping techniques. The funded quadrangles are MTMs 00282, -05282, -10282, 00277, -05277, and -10277.

The use of 16s rDNA methods in soil microbial ecology Uso de métodos 16S rDNA em ecologia microbiana do solo

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Andrew Macrae

2000-06-01

Full Text Available New and exciting molecular methods, many using the 16S small sub-unit ribosomal nucleic acid molecule, are opening the microbial "black box" in soil. These studies have added much to our knowledge of microbial diversity in soils, and are beginning to advance our understanding of the relationship between this diversity and its function in soil processes. Over the next few years, the knowledge gained from molecular studies will, we hope, lead to improvements in sustainable land management and sustainable exploitation of soil genetic resources. As we enter the third millenium, it is appropriate to review the application of 16S rDNA methods to soil microbiology. This review examines 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA methods and their application to soil. It mentions their limits and suggests how they may be applied in the future.Novas e excitantes técnicas moleculares muitas usando a fração 16S da subunidade menor da molécula de ácido nucleico ribossomal, estão abrindo a "caixa-preta" da microbiologia do solo. Esses estudos têm acrescentado muito ao nosso conhecimento acerca da diversidade microbiana no solo, e começam a avançar nosso entendimento sobre a relação entre essa diversidade a sua função nos processos no solo. Ao longo dos próximos anos, o conhecimento obtido a partir de técnicas moleculares irão, esperamos, levar a melhoramentos do manejo de áreas sustentáveis da exploração dos recursos genéticos do solo. Com a chegada do terceiro milênio, é apropriado revermos a aplicação das técnicas da fração 16S do rDNA em microbiologia de solo. Esta revisão examina aplicações das técnicas da fração 16S do DNA (RNA no solo, menciona seus limites e sugere como elas poderão ser usadas no futuro.

Valores-trabalho e preços de produção em sistemas econômicos sraffianos com terra homogênea

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Rodolfo Hoffmann

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a determinação dos valores-trabalho e da mais-valia em um modelo econômico sraffiano-marxista com terra homogênea e escassa. O mesmo modelo analisa a determinação dos preços de produção, da taxa de lucro e da renda da terra. Uma das conclusões é que a existência de mais-valia positiva não é condição suficiente para lucros positivos.This paper analyses the determination of labour values and surplus-value in a Sraffian-Marxist economic model with homogenous and scarce land. The determination of production prices, profit rate and land rent is also analysed. One of the conclusions is that positive surplus value is not a sufficient condition for positive profits.

Convergent adaptations: bitter manioc cultivation systems in fertile anthropogenic dark earths and floodplain soils in Central Amazonia.

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James Angus Fraser

Full Text Available Shifting cultivation in the humid tropics is incredibly diverse, yet research tends to focus on one type: long-fallow shifting cultivation. While it is a typical adaptation to the highly-weathered nutrient-poor soils of the Amazonian terra firme, fertile environments in the region offer opportunities for agricultural intensification. We hypothesized that Amazonian people have developed divergent bitter manioc cultivation systems as adaptations to the properties of different soils. We compared bitter manioc cultivation in two nutrient-rich and two nutrient-poor soils, along the middle Madeira River in Central Amazonia. We interviewed 249 farmers in 6 localities, sampled their manioc fields, and carried out genetic analysis of bitter manioc landraces. While cultivation in the two richer soils at different localities was characterized by fast-maturing, low-starch manioc landraces, with shorter cropping periods and shorter fallows, the predominant manioc landraces in these soils were generally not genetically similar. Rather, predominant landraces in each of these two fertile soils have emerged from separate selective trajectories which produced landraces that converged for fast-maturing low-starch traits adapted to intensified swidden systems in fertile soils. This contrasts with the more extensive cultivation systems found in the two poorer soils at different localities, characterized by the prevalence of slow-maturing high-starch landraces, longer cropping periods and longer fallows, typical of previous studies. Farmers plant different assemblages of bitter manioc landraces in different soils and the most popular landraces were shown to exhibit significantly different yields when planted in different soils. Farmers have selected different sets of landraces with different perceived agronomic characteristics, along with different fallow lengths, as adaptations to the specific properties of each agroecological micro-environment. These findings open

Convergent Adaptations: Bitter Manioc Cultivation Systems in Fertile Anthropogenic Dark Earths and Floodplain Soils in Central Amazonia

Science.gov (United States)

Fraser, James Angus; Alves-Pereira, Alessandro; Junqueira, André Braga; Peroni, Nivaldo; Clement, Charles Roland

2012-01-01

Shifting cultivation in the humid tropics is incredibly diverse, yet research tends to focus on one type: long-fallow shifting cultivation. While it is a typical adaptation to the highly-weathered nutrient-poor soils of the Amazonian terra firme, fertile environments in the region offer opportunities for agricultural intensification. We hypothesized that Amazonian people have developed divergent bitter manioc cultivation systems as adaptations to the properties of different soils. We compared bitter manioc cultivation in two nutrient-rich and two nutrient-poor soils, along the middle Madeira River in Central Amazonia. We interviewed 249 farmers in 6 localities, sampled their manioc fields, and carried out genetic analysis of bitter manioc landraces. While cultivation in the two richer soils at different localities was characterized by fast-maturing, low-starch manioc landraces, with shorter cropping periods and shorter fallows, the predominant manioc landraces in these soils were generally not genetically similar. Rather, predominant landraces in each of these two fertile soils have emerged from separate selective trajectories which produced landraces that converged for fast-maturing low-starch traits adapted to intensified swidden systems in fertile soils. This contrasts with the more extensive cultivation systems found in the two poorer soils at different localities, characterized by the prevalence of slow-maturing high-starch landraces, longer cropping periods and longer fallows, typical of previous studies. Farmers plant different assemblages of bitter manioc landraces in different soils and the most popular landraces were shown to exhibit significantly different yields when planted in different soils. Farmers have selected different sets of landraces with different perceived agronomic characteristics, along with different fallow lengths, as adaptations to the specific properties of each agroecological micro-environment. These findings open up new avenues for

Comparison of CERES Cloud Properties Derived from Aqua and Terra MODIS Data and TRMM VIRS Radiances

Science.gov (United States)

Minnis, P.; Young, D. F.; Sun-Mack, S.; Trepte, Q. Z.; Chen, Y.; Heck, P. W.; Wielicki, B. A.

2003-12-01

The Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project is obtaining Earth radiation budget measurements of unprecedented accuracy as a result of improved instruments and an analysis system that combines simultaneous, high-resolution cloud property retrievals with the broadband radiance data. The cloud properties are derived from three different satellite imagers: the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the Aqua and Terra satellites. A single set of consistent algorithms using the 0.65, 1.6 or 2.1, 3.7, 10.8, and 12.0-æm channels are applied to all three imagers. The cloud properties include, cloud coverage, height, thickness, temperature, optical depth, phase, effective particle size, and liquid or ice water path. Because each satellite is in a different orbit, the results provide information on the diurnal cycle of cloud properties. Initial intercalibrations show excellent consistency between the three images except for some differences of ~ 1K between the 3.7-æm channel on Terra and those on VIRS and Aqua. The derived cloud properties are consistent with the known diurnal characteristics of clouds in different areas. These datasets should be valuable for exploring the role of clouds in the radiation budget and hydrological cycle.

A paradigm for operant conditioning in blow flies (Phormia terrae novae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830).

Science.gov (United States)

Sokolowski, Michel B C; Disma, Gérald; Abramson, Charles I

2010-01-01

An operant conditioning situation for the blow fly (Protophormia terrae novae) is described. Individual flies are trained to enter and reenter a hole as the operant response. Only a few sessions of contingent reinforcement are required to increase response rates. When the response is no longer followed by food, the rate of entering the hole decreases. Control procedures revealed that rate of responding is not a simple overall result of feeding or of aging. The flies entered into the hole only if the response was required to obtain the food.

Emplacement of Widespread Fe/Mg Phyllosilicate Layer in West Margaritifer Terra, Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Seelos, K. D.; Maxwell, R. E.; Seelos, F. P.; Buczkowski, D.; Viviano-Beck, C. E.

2017-12-01

West Margaritifer Terra is located at the eastern end of Valles Marineris at the complex intersection of chaos terrains, cratered highlands, and multiple generations of outflow channels. Adjacent regions host layered phyllosilicates thought to indicate early Mars pedogenic and/or ground water-based alteration (e.g., Le Deit et al., 2012), and indeed, hydrologic modeling supports prolonged aqueous activity in the Noachian and Hesperian eras (Andrews-Hanna and Lewis, 2011). The remnant high-standing plateaus in West Margaritifer (0-15°S, 325-345°E) host numerous phyllosilicate-bearing outcrops as well and are the focus of this study. Here, we performed a systematic mapping and characterization of mineralogy and morphology of these deposits in order to assess similarity to other layered phyllosilicates and evaluate potential formation mechanisms. Utilizing multiple remote sensing datasets, we identified three types of phyllosilicate exposures distributed throughout the region: 1) along upper chaos fracture walls, 2) in erosional windows on the plains, and 3) in crater walls and ejecta. Outcrops are spectrally indicative of Fe/Mg smectite (most similar to saponite) and only rare, isolated occurrences of Al-phyllosilicate were observed. Morphologically, the layer is a few to 10 m thick, light-toned, polygonally fractured at decameter scales, and vertical subparallel banding is evident in places. These characteristics were used along with spatial distribution, elevation, and geologic context to evaluate 4 potential formation mechanisms: fluvio-lacustrine, pedogenesis, diagenesis, and hydrothermal alteration. We find that the widespread distribution and spectral homogeneity of the layer favors formation via groundwater alteration and/or pedogenic weathering. This is consistent with interpretations of similar layered phyllosilicates in NW Noachis Terra and the Valles Marineris plains to the west, and significantly extends the area over which these aqueous processes

Characterization of winter airborne particles at Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Tafeng, E-mail: hutafeng@hotmail.com [Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710049 (China); SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi' an, 710075 (China); Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (China); Lee, Shuncheng [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (China); Cao, Junji [Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, 710049 (China); SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi' an, 710075 (China); Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G. [SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi' an, 710075 (China); Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert of Research Institute, Reno (United States); Ho, Kinfai; Ho, Wingkei [Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (China); Rong, Bo [Emperor Qin' s Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum, Xi' an (China); An, Zhisheng [SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi' an, 710075 (China)

2009-10-01

Daytime and nighttime total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected inside and outside Emperor Qin's Terra-cotta Museum, the most popular on-site museum in China, in winter 2008. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of visitors to indoor airborne particles in two display halls with different architectural and ventilating conditions, including Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1. Morphological and elemental analyses of 7-day individual particle samples were performed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX). Particle mass concentrations in Exhibition Hall and Pit No.1 were in a range of 54.7-291.7 {mu}g m{sup -3} and 95.3-285.4 {mu}g m{sup -3} with maximum diameters of 17.5 {mu}m and 26.0 {mu}m, respectively. In most sampling days, daytime/nighttime particle mass ratios in Exhibition Hall (1.30-3.12) were higher than those in Pit No.1 (0.96-2.59), indicating more contribution of the tourist flow in Exhibition Hall than in Pit No. 1. The maximum of particle size distributions were in a range of 0.5-1.0 {mu}m, with the highest abundance (43.4%) occurred in Exhibition Hall at night. The majority of airborne particles at the Museum was composed of soil dust, S-containing particles, and low-Z particles like soot aggregate and biogenic particles. Both size distributions and particle types were found to be associated with visitor numbers in Exhibition Hall and with natural ventilation in Pit No.1. No significant influence of visitors on indoor temperature and relative humidity (RH) was found in either display halls. Those baseline data on the nature of the airborne particles inside the Museum can be incorporated into the maintenance criteria, display management, and ventilation strategy by conservators of the museum.

From the study of fire effects on individual soil properties to the development of soil quality indices. 1. The pioneer research

Science.gov (United States)

Mataix-Solera, Jorge; Zornoza, Raúl

2013-04-01

water repellency induced by fire in calcareous Mediterranean forest soils. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 58, 1254-1259. Arcenegui, V., Mataix-Solera, J., Guerrero, C., Zornoza, R., Mataix-Beneyto, J., García-Orenes, F., 2008. Immediate effects of wildfires on water repellency and aggregate stability in Mediterranean calcareous soils. Catena 74, 219-226. Mataix-Solera, J., Doerr, S.H., 2004. Hydrophobicity and aggregate stability in calcareous topsoil from fire affected pine forests in southeastern Spain. Geoderma 118, 77-88. Mataix-Solera, J., Arcenegui, V., Guerrero, C., Jordán, M., Dlapa, P., Tessler, N., Wittenberg, L. 2008. Can terra rossa become water repellent by burning? A laboratory approach. Geoderma, 147, 178-184. Mataix-Solera, J., Cerdà, A., Arcenegui, V., Jordán, A., Zavala, L.M., 2011. Fire effects on soil aggregation: a review. Earth-Science Reviews 109, 44-60 Zornoza, R., Mataix-Solera, J., Guerrero, C., Arcenegui, V., Mayoral, A.M., Morales, J. Mataix-Beneyto, J., 2007b. Soil properties under natural forest in the Alicante Province of Spain. Geoderma. 142, 334-341. Zornoza, R., Mataix-Solera, J., Guerrero, C., Arcenegui, V., Mataix-Beneyto, J., Gómez, I., 2008. Validating the effectiveness and sensitivity of two soil quality indices based on natural forest soils under Mediterranean conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry. 40, 2079-2087.

[Terra Mariana 1186-1888 : albums un komentāri] / Kristīne Ante, Reinis Norkārkls

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ante, Kristīne, 1977-

2015-01-01

Arvustus: Terra Mariana 1186-1888 : albums un komentāri = Album und Kommentare = album and comments = album i komentarze = album ja kommentaarid. 2 Bde.Hrsg. von Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka in Verbindung mit der Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Wiss. Redaktion von Andris Lewans in Zusammenarbeit mit Henrichs Soms, Andris Vilks u.a. (Codices e Vaticanis selecti. Series minor, 16.) Modena 2013

Conversão e balanço de energia de sistemas de produção com integração lavoura-pecuária sob plantio direto

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Henrique Pereira dos Santos

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a conversão e o balanço de energia em sistemas de produção com integração lavoura-pecuária, sob plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido de 2001 a 2008. De 2001 a 2002, foram avaliados os sistemas: 1, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca/milho; 2, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca+azevém/milho; 3, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca/pastagem de milheto; 4, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca+azevém/pastagem de milheto; 5, trigo/soja, aveia-branca/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca/pastagem de milheto; 6, trigo/soja, aveia-branca/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta+ervilhaca+azevém/pastagem de milheto. De 2003 a 2008, foram avaliados os sistemas: 1, trigo/soja e ervilhaca/milho; 2, trigo/soja e pastagem de aveia-preta/milho; 3, trigo/soja e aveia-preta/soja; 4, trigo/soja e ervilha/milho; 5, trigo/soja, ervilhaca/soja e triticale de duplo propósito/soja; e 6, trigo/soja, aveia-branca de duplo propósito/soja e trigo de duplo propósito/soja. O milho apresentou o maior retorno energético, em comparação às demais culturas produtoras de grãos e às pastagens de inverno e de verão. Das culturas de cobertura de solo e de adubação verde de inverno, a ervilha foi a mais eficiente na conversão de energia. Os sistemas 1, 2 e 4, entre 2003 e 2008, foram os mais eficientes no balanço energético.

COSMO-skymed, TerraSAR-X, and RADARSAT-2 geolocation accuracy after compensation for earth-system effects

OpenAIRE

Schubert, Adrian; Small, David; Jehle, Michael; Meier, Erich

2012-01-01

A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor with high geolocation accuracy greatly simplifies the task of combining multiple data takes within a common geodetic reference system or Geographic Information System (GIS), and is a critical enabler for many applications such as near-real-time disaster mapping. In this study, the geolocation accuracy was estimated using the same methodology for products from three SAR sensors: TerraSAR-X (two identical satellites), COSMO-SkyMed (four identical satellit...

UAVSAR and TerraSAR-X Based InSAR Detection of Localized Subsidence in the New Orleans Area

Science.gov (United States)

Blom, R. G.; An, K.; Jones, C. E.; Latini, D.

2014-12-01

Vulnerability of the US Gulf coast to inundation has received increased attention since hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Compounding effects of sea level rise, wetland loss, and regional and local subsidence makes flood protection a difficult challenge, and particularly for the New Orleans area. Key to flood protection is precise knowledge of elevations and elevation changes. Analysis of historical and continuing geodetic measurements show surprising complexity, including locations subsiding more rapidly than considered during planning of hurricane protection and coastal restoration projects. Combining traditional, precise geodetic data with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations can provide geographically dense constraints on surface deformation. The Gulf Coast environment is challenging for InSAR techniques, especially with systems not designed for interferometry. We use two InSAR capable systems, the L- band (24 cm wavelength) airborne JPL/NASA UAVSAR, and the DLR/EADS Astrium spaceborne TerraSAR X-band (3 cm wavelength), and compare results. First, we are applying pair-wise InSAR to the longer wavelength UAVSAR data to detect localized elevation changes potentially impacting flood protection infrastructure from 2009 - 2014. We focus on areas on and near flood protection infrastructure to identify changes indicative of subsidence, structural deformation, and/or seepage. The Spaceborne TerraSAR X-band SAR system has relatively frequent observations, and dense persistent scatterers in urban areas, enabling measurement of very small displacements. We compare L-band UAVSAR results with permanent scatterer (PS-InSAR) and Short Baseline Subsets (SBAS) interferometric analyses of a stack composed by 28 TerraSAR X-band images acquired over the same period. Thus we can evaluate results from the different radar frequencies and analyses techniques. Preliminary results indicate subsidence features potentially of a variety of causes, including ground water

Perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica influenciadas por métodos de preparo, classes de declive e níveis de fertilidade do solo Soil and water losses by rainfall erosion influenced by tillage methods, slope-steepness classes, and soil fertility levels

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N. P. Cogo

2003-08-01

Full Text Available A erosão é a forma mais prejudicial de degradação do solo. Além de reduzir sua capacidade produtiva para as culturas, ela pode causar sérios danos ambientais, como assoreamento e poluição das fontes de água. Contudo, usando adequados sistemas de manejo do solo e bem planejadas práticas conservacionistas de suporte, os problemas de erosão podem ser satisfatoriamente resolvidos. Com o propósito de obter informações quantitativas sobre o assunto, para servirem de guia nos planejamentos conservacionistas de uso da terra, realizou-se um experimento de erosão sob chuva natural, em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico textura muito argilosa, no município de Santo Ângelo, região das Missões (RS, de dezembro de 1994 a maio de 1996, objetivando quantificar as perdas de solo e água causadas por erosão hídrica. Os tratamentos consistiram dos métodos de preparo do solo convencional, reduzido e semeadura direta, avaliados sob as condições "solo com fertilidade corrigida" nas classes de declividade de 0-0,04; 0,04-0,08 e 0,08-0,12 m m-1 (com gradientes médios de, respectivamente, 0,035; 0,065 e 0,095 m m-1 e "solo com fertilidade atual" na classe de declividade de 0,04-0,08 m m-1. As operações de preparo do solo e semeadura foram efetuadas todas transversalmente ao declive, exceto para o tratamento-testemunha (preparo convencional, sem cultivo, continuamente descoberto e sem crosta, no qual as operações de aração e gradagem foram realizadas no sentido do declive. A seqüência de culturas utilizada na avaliação da erosão foi constituída de dois ciclos culturais de soja (Glycine max, L., no período de primavera-verão de 1994/95 e 1995/96, e um de aveia preta (Avena strigosa, S., no período de outono-inverno de 1995. O índice de erosividade das chuvas (EI30 calculado no período experimental (1,5 ano foi de 10.236 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 e concentrou-se, repetidamente, em 1995 e 1996, nos meses de janeiro a março, perfazendo

Cover crops affecting levels of ammonium and nitrate in the soil and upland rice developmentPlantas de cobertura afetando os níveis de nitrato e amônio no solo e o desenvolvimento do arroz de terras altas

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Adriano Stephan Nascente

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The use of cover crops in no-tillage systems (NTS increases the levels of organic matter and could increase the nitrogen content of the soil, contributing to reduce fertilizers costs. The knowledge of these processes is fundamental for deciding whether cover crops can be effectively incorporated into the agricultural production system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crop species on the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil in early upland rice development, as well upland rice yield. A field experiment was performed and treatments consisted of growing rice on five cover crops (Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha, millet and fallow in an NTS and two control treatments (Brachiaria brizantha and fallow under a conventional tillage system, CTS, (one plowing and two disking. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replications. The soil samples were collected during a period of six weeks (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days in relation to upland rice sowing. The cover crops Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum and Brachiaria ruziziensis in the NTS and B. brizantha fallow incorporated into the CTS favored higher levels of nitrate in the soil. In contrast, B. brizantha and fallow in the CTS and millet and P. maximum in the NTS favored the buildup of high levels of ammonium in the soil. The treatments under the plowed cover crops millet and fallow allowed for a higher upland rice yield. The tillage system and nature of the cover crops could be used to achieve the desired levels and forms of nitrogen in soil. O uso de plantas de cobertura no sistema plantio direto (SPD aumenta os níveis de matéria orgânica e pode ajudar a aumentar os teores de nitrogênio no solo contribuindo para reduzir os custos de fertilizantes. O conhecimento desse processo é fundamental para que as plantas de cobertura possam ser efetivamente incorporadas aos sistemas de produção agrícola. O

Effect of nitrogen, potassium and lime on soil and manganese availability and uptake by bean

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muraoka, T.; Nascimento Filho, V.F. do; Salvador, J.O.

1982-01-01

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of nitrogen, potassium and lime on the availability of soil Zn and Mn and the absorption of these elements by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). The TE (Terra Roxa Estruturada) soil, used in this experiment, had been uniformily labelled with 65 Zn and 54 Mn and incubated prior to the seeding. The nitrogen favoured the absorption of manganese and zinc, tripling the manganese content in the plant and increasing by 2.5 fold the Zn content. The potassium also increased significantly the manganese uptake, but did not affect the zinc uptake. In the case of the Zn, however, the effect continued, though with less intensity. The lime alone reduced by almost 5 times the Mn content in the plant and by 50% the Zn content. Based on the results of the soil analysis (pH, CaCl 2 O.5M extractable Mn and EDTA + CaCl 2 extractable Zn) and on the 65 Zn and 54 Mn specific activities, it is suggested that the effets of nitrogen and potassium could be, partly, of synergic nature and that of the lime, due, also partly, to Ca-Mn and Ca-Zn antagonism in the plant. (Author) [pt

Combining vegetation index and model inversion methods for theextraction of key vegetation biophysical parameters using Terra and Aqua MODIS reflectance data

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Houborg, Rasmus Møller; Søgaard, Henrik; Bøgh, Eva

2007-01-01

for the inversion of a canopy reflectance model using Terra and Aqua MODIS multi-spectral, multi-temporal, and multi-angle reflectance observations to aid the determination of vegetation-specific physiological and structural canopy parameters. Land cover and site-specific inversion modeling was applied...

Geothermomicrobium terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, En-Min; Yu, Tian-Tian; Liu, Lan; Ming, Hong; Yin, Yi-Rui; Dong, Lei; Tseng, Min; Nie, Guo-Xing; Li, Wen-Jun

2014-09-01

Strains YIM 77562(T) and YIM 77580, two novel Gram-staining-positive, filamentous bacterial isolates, were recovered from the Rehai geothermal field, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Good growth was observed at 50-55 °C and pH 7.0. Aerial mycelium was absent on all media tested. Substrate mycelium was well-developed, long and moderately flexuous, and formed abundant, single, warty, ornamented endospores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains indicated that they belong to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae. Similarity levels between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains and those of type strains of members of the Thermoactinomycetaceae were 88.33-93.24 %; the highest sequence similarity was with Hazenella coriacea DSM 45707(T). In both strains, the predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the diagnostic diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, unidentified polar lipids and unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 77562(T) and YIM 77580 were 45.5 and 44.2 mol%, respectively. DNA-DNA relatedness data suggest that the two isolates represent a single species. Based on phylogenetic analyses and physiological and biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the two strains represent a single novel species in a new genus, Geothermomicrobium terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Geothermomicrobium terrae is YIM 77562(T) ( = CCTCC AA 2011022(T) = JCM 18057(T)). © 2014 IUMS.

ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DAS TERRAS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO BORÁ (MG

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Beatriz Aparecida Bessa Florêncio

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do artigo é propor o uso racional das terras da BHRB, a partir de sua dinâmica hidrológica, e cruzamento das informações sobre uso da terra e cobertura vegetal com a declividade. A BHRB localiza-se em Minas Gerais, na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, zona UTM 23, Meridiano Central 45º Oeste de Greenwich, entre as coordenadas 228000 - 264000mE e 7816000 - 7788000mN. Foram utilizados imagem do satélite ETM+/Landsat 5, (agosto de 2009, bandas 3G 4R 7B; base cartográfica digitalizada a partir das cartas topográficas de Sacramento e Uberaba (1:100.000; dados MDE/SRTM; cálculos morfométricos; e dados de vazão obtidos pela estação fluviométrica da ANA (1996-2006. Os índices morfométricos de sinuosidade (1,86 e declividade média (10,86% revelam que a bacia não apresenta tendências para ocorrência de enchentes. O cálculo de vazão específica média confirma que existe em média um volume de água na ordem de 32.187,62 m³/h; valor suficiente para suprir ao longo do ano, as atividades econômicas e necessidades humanas na bacia. Em relação à declividade e uso da terra, verificou-se que a maior parte da bacia possui declives entre 3 e 8% (58%, significando que a área possui inclinações favoráveis às práticas agropastoris.

Risco de salinização das terras do baixo Acaraú (CE)

OpenAIRE

Lydia Helena da Silva de Oliveira Mota; Andréa da Silva Gomes; Gustavo Souza Valladares; Regina Maria Fontenele Magalhães; Hugo Mota Ferreira Leite; Tibério Almeida da Silva

2012-01-01

Em determinadas condições de relevo, do clima e de uso, com certa frequência pode acontecer acúmulo de sais nos solos, dando lugar à formação dos solos salinos e sódicos - também denominados de solos afetados por sais. A fim de orientar as práticas de manejo e uso das terras da região do Baixo Acaraú, CE, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho gerar um mapa de risco de salinização. Para obtenção das classes de vulnerabilidade, foram avaliados os temas pedologia, geologia, geomorfologia e uso e ...

As vozes da mímica pós-colonial em Terra Papagalli

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Jacimara Vieira dos Santos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper draws on the studies undertaken in the area of cultural studies, inparticular,Homi Bhabha‟s formulations, to propose an analysis of the BraziliannovelTerra Papagalli(by José Roberto Torero and Marcus Aurelius Pimenta,showing how the narrative dismounts historical reality, to explore other angles; and shifts the focus to the imaginary construction that involves revisiting theDiscoveries. Thus, contrary to expectations, revealing paradoxes such as thosewhich tend to increase civic and commemorative urges that liveantagonistically, with anti-establishment thoughts that questionthe internalconnections of these developments, articulating, through mimetic resources,other voices and their critic repetitions of contested models and references.

Torta de mamona no controle da broca-do-rizoma (Cosmopolites sordidus em bananeira-Terra

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Leila Cristina Rosa de Lins

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da torta de mamona sobre a infestação por Cosmopolites sordidus e o desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeira cultivar Terra. Avaliaram-se diferentes dosagens da torta de mamona (0 g, 12 g, 15 g, 18 g e 24 g aplicadas a cada dois meses, a partir do plantio em mudas de bananeira dispostas num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. Avaliou-se a evolução vegetativa das mudas pela altura da planta, pelo diâmetro do pseudocaule e pelo número de folhas verdes. Efetuou-se a infestação das plantas com 25 adultos de C. sordidus em cada muda. Os danos causados foram avaliados por meio da percentagem de galerias no rizoma, número de adultos vivos e mortos, número de larvas e número de pupas. Determinou-se também o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o valor de absorbância relativo ao teor de clorofila nas folhas por meio do uso de um clorofilômetro. Observou-se baixa infestação da broca-do-rizoma nas mudas tratadas com a torta de mamona. O crescimento e a absorbância foram afetados positivamente pela aplicação da torta de mamona. Assim, a torta de mamona reduz a população de C. sordidus nos rizomas de bananeira cv. Terra, favorece o crescimento das plantas e aumenta o valor de absorbância.

Spodosols pedogenesis under barreiras formation and sandbank environments in the south of Bahia Pedogênese de espodossolos em ambientes da formação barreiras e de restinga do sul da Bahia

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Aline Pacobahyba de Oliveira

2010-06-01

ocorrem em depressões popularmente conhecidas como muçunungas - terras arenosas que acumulam água. Nessas áreas, observam-se Espodossolos com horizonte E álbico (muçunungas brancas e sem este horizonte (muçunungas pretas, que apresentam características diferenciadas entre si e em relação àqueles encontrados em áreas de Restinga. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis diferenças nos processos de formação dos Espodossolos da Formação Barreiras e da Restinga no sul da Bahia e caracterizá-los química, física e mineralogicamente, foram descritos e coletados oito perfis de solos com materiais espódicos e realizadas análises textural, químicas de rotina, extração de Fe e Al pelo ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato de sódio (DCB, oxalato ácido de amônio e pirofosfato de sódio, densidade ótica do extrato do oxalato de amônio (DOox, ataque sulfúrico e difratometria de raios-x das frações areia, silte e argila. No ambiente Barreiras, os Espodossolos apresentam fragipã abaixo dos horizontes espódicos. As muçunungas brancas apresentam horizonte B espódico cimentado, enquanto as pretas possuem estrutura pequena granular e coloração escura desde a superfície. No Espodossolo de restinga não se observou horizonte espódico endurecido nem fragipã. Os solos apresentam textura arenosa e aumento dos teores de argila nos horizontes espódicos. São solos ácidos, distróficos e álicos. A CTC, dominada por H + Al, é quase exclusivamente representada pela matéria orgânica. Os principais componentes da fase mineral da fração argila dos horizontes espódicos são caulinita e, possivelmente, traços de vermiculita com hidroxi entre camadas (VHE. Foram constatadas diferenças químicas, físicas, morfológicas e mineralógicas entre os Espodossolos da Formação Barreiras e os da Restinga. As muçunungas pretas e brancas apresentaram apenas diferenças morfológicas e químicas entre si.

Viabilidade de sementes de papuã (Brachiaria plantaginea e a cobertura do solo com palha Alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea seed viability and soil cover with straw

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Giovani Theisen

1999-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de palha de aveia preta (Avena strigosa sobre o solo, na dormência e quiescência de sementes de papuã (Brachiaria plantaginea. Os tratamentos testados foram cobertura do solo (0; 2,6; 5,2; 7,8 e 10,5t/ha, o tempo de permanência das sementes submetidas à ação da cobertura do solo (40, 70, 100, 200 e 300 dias e o posicionamento das sementes (2 e 10cm. Elevados níveis de cobertura sobre o solo aumentaram o percentual de sementes de papuã viáveis. Sementes próximas da superfície do solo apresentaram menor dormência e quiescência do que aquelas posicionadas a 10cm de profundidade. A dormência e a quiescência das sementes de papuã se reduziram com o decorrer do tempo.The objective of this work was to determine the effect of black oat (Avena strigosa residues on the viability of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea seeds. The factors studied were the level of residues on the soil (0, 2.6, 5.2, 7.8 and 10.5t/ha, the time of permanence of seeds in soil submitted to action of residues (40, 70, 100, 200 and 300 days and the seed placement (2 and 10cm. High levels of crop residues on the soil surface increased the seed viability. Seeds placed at 2.0cm presented smaller dormancy and quiescence than those at 10cm depth. Seed dormancy and quiescence were reduced with time.

Fotointerpretação de padrões de drenagem de bacias hidrográficas na caracterização de solos desenvolvidos de rochas eruptivas básicas no estado do Paraná Drainage pattern photointerpretation in the characterization of soils developed from basaltic rocks in the state of Paraná, Brazil

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J.A.M. Demattê

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Utilizando fotografias aéreas na escala 1:25.000, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar os padrões da rede de drenagem, a partir de bacias hidrográficas de 3ª ordem de ramificação, em três regiões de solos desenvolvidos de rochas eruptivas básicas no Estado do Paraná. As unidades de mapeamento são: brunizem avermelhado+litossolos associados, terra roxa estruturada e latossolo roxo. A densidade de drenagem, freqüência de rios e a razão de textura média foram as propriedades mais significativas na separação dos solos das áreas, permitindo também constatar variações de drenagem dentro de uma mesma unidade de solo. Pelo teste de semelhança geométrica foi possível obter "grupos" de bacias representativas de uma mesma unidade de mapeamento. Há estreita correlação entre densidade de drenagem e índices de intemperismo dos solos.Aerial photographs in the scale of 1:25.000 were used to study the drainage network and its Quantitative and descriptive characteristics in 3 areas located in Paraná , for soils developed from basaltic rocks. The soil mapping units were the following: reddish brunizen or an argiudoll, terra roxa estruturada or a rodudalf and "roxo" latosol or an acrortox. The drainage density, river frequency and texture ratio, in watersheds were the best index for characterizing the soil unit. Also, they were useful in the separation of watersheds with inclusion of different soils. By using the geometric test, it was possible to obtain "groups" of watersheds representatives of the same soil. There was a close correlation between drainage density and weathering index, for soils developed from basaltic rocks.

Utilização do sistema de avaliação do potencial de uso urbano das terras no diagnóstico ambiental do município de Santa Maria - RS

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Pedron Fabrício de Araújo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A expansão urbana acelerada tem provocado diversos impactos negativos ao ambiente. A necessidade de novas metodologias que permitam um planejamento mais adequado dos recursos naturais é cada dia mais evidente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico ambiental em áreas urbanas de Santa Maria - RS, determinando-se os conflitos de uso das terras através, do Sistema de Avaliação do Potencial de Uso Urbano das Terras (SAPUT. Foram utilizados produtos e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento de imagens. Os problemas de uso indevido das terras identificados estão relacionados com a fragilidade do material geológico e do recurso solo. Até 33% da área vem apresentando utilização acima do seu potencial devido ao seu uso inadequado para construções e agricultura urbana.

Mineral phosphate solubilization by wild type and radiation induced mutants of pantoea dispersa and pantoea terrae

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murugesan, Senthilkumar; Lee, Young Keun; Kim, Jung Hun

2009-01-01

Three mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) bacteria where isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of common bean and weed plants. 16S rDNA analysis indicated that the isolate P2 and P3 are closely related to Pantoea dispersa while isolate P4 is closely related to Pantoea terrae. Islates P2 and P3 recorded 381.60 μg ml -1 of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization respectively on 3 days incubation. Isolate P4 recorded the TCP solubilization of 215.85 μg ml -1 and the pH was dropped to 4.44 on 24 h incubation. Further incubation of P4 sharply decreased the available phosphorous to 28.94 μg ml -1 and pH level was raised to 6.32. Gamma radiation induced mutagenesis was carried out at LD 99 dose of the wild type strains. The total of 14 mutant clones with enhanced MPS activity and 4 clones with decreased activity were selected based on solubilization index (SI) and phosphate solubilization assay. Mutant P2-M1 recorded the highest P-solubilizing potential among any other wild or mutnat clones by releasing 504.21 μg ml -1 of phosphorous i.e. 35% higher than its wild type by the end of day 5. A comparative evaluation of TCP solubilization by wild type isolates of Pantoea and their mutants, led to select three MPS mutant clones such as P2-M1, P3-M2 and P3-M4 with a potential to release >471.67 μg ml 1 of phosphorous from TCP. These over expressing mutant clones are considered as suitable candidates for biofertilization

Bioindicator and fish health studies around the Terra Nova oil development site on the Grand Banks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathieu, A.; Hanlon, J.; Melvin, W.; French, B. [Oceans Ltd., St. John' s, NL (Canada); DeBlois, E. [Elisabeth DeBlois Inc., St. John' s, NL (Canada); Williams, U.; Wight, F.; Janes, G. [Petro-Canada, St. John' s, NL (Canada)

2009-07-01

Bioindicators or health effect indicators can be a valuable reconnaissance tool for addressing concerns on the part of the fishing industry and public interests regarding any potential impacts of pollutants on fish stocks. American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) was initially chosen by the oil industry as an indicator species for Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) programs in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland because it is an important commercial flatfish. This presentation reported on fish health studies carried out at the Terra Nova development site before and after release of produced waters, which began in 2003. These studies represented 1 component of the overall Terra Nova EEM program. Fish were collected near the development area and in a reference area 20 km away. A broad range of health effect indicators were studied, including fish condition, visible skin and organ lesions, levels of mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) enzymes, haematology and an array of 19 histopathological indices in liver and gills. These indicators have been widely used in laboratory and field investigations with various fish species. A slight elevation of MFO enzyme activity was observed in fish from the development area in 2002, before release of produced water. In 2006, other indices were similar between the development and reference area. It was concluded that the overall results do not indicate any project effects.

Biologia da mosca‑das‑frutas sul‑americana em frutos de mirtilo, amoreira‑preta, araçazeiro e pitangueira Biology of South American fruit fly in blueberry, blackberry, strawberry guava, and Surinam cherry crops

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maicon Bisognin

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a biologia de Anastrepha fraterculus em frutos de mirtilo (Vaccinium ashei, amoreira‑preta (Rubus spp., araçazeiro (Psidium cattleyanum e pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora. O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, em condições controladas de temperatura (25±2ºC, umidade relativa (70±10% e fotófase (12 horas, para determinação dos parâmetros biológicos do inseto nos estágios de desenvolvimento imaturos e adultos. Anastrepha fraterculus completa o ciclo biológico em todos hospedeiros estudados, embora os frutos nativos (pitanga e araçá ofereçam melhores condições para seu desenvolvimento. Os parâmetros biológicos determinados para as fases imaturas foram semelhantes nos quatro hospedeiros. Insetos criados em pitanga e araçá apresentam, na fase adulta, maior período de oviposição, fecundidade e longevidade de fêmeas, em comparação aos criados em mirtilo e amora‑preta. O ritmo diário de oviposição é mais prolongado e uniforme nos insetos criados em araçá e pitanga, o que mostra que A. fraterculus está mais bem adaptada a estas frutas, nativas da região Sul.The objective of this work was to describe the biology of Anastrepha fraterculus in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei, blackberry (Rubus spp., strawberry guava (Psidium cattleyanum and Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora fruits. The experiment was carried out in laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature (25±2ºC, relative humidity (70±10%, and photophase (12 hours to determine insect biological parameters in immature and adult development stages. Anastrepha fraterculus finishes its biological cycle in all studied hosts; however, the Brazilian native fruits (strawberry guava and Surinam cherry provide better conditions for development of the insect. Biological parameters determined for immature development stadium were similar in the four hosts. Insects reared in Surinam cherry and strawberry guava showed, in the

GHRSST Level 2P Global Skin Sea Surface Temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra satellite (GDS version 1)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a scientific instrument (radiometer) launched by NASA in 1999 on board the Terra satellite platform (a...

Visible-NIR Spectroscopic Evidence for the Composition of Low-Albedo Altered Soils on Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Murchie, S.; Merenyi, E.; Singer, R.; Kirkland, L.

1996-03-01

Spectroscopic studies of altered Martian soils at visible and at NIR wavelengths have generally supported the canonical model of the surface layer as consisting mostly of 2 components, bright red hematite-containing dust and dark gray pyroxene-containing sand. However several of the studies have also provided tantalizing evidence for distinct 1 micrometer Fe absorptions in discrete areas, particularly dark red soils which are hypothesized to consist of duricrust. These distinct absorptions have been proposed to originate from one or more non-hematitic ferric phases. We have tested this hypothesis by merging high spatial resolution visible- and NIR-wavelength data to synthesize composite 0.44-3.14 1lm spectra for regions of western Arabia and Margaritifer Terra. The extended wavelength coverage allows more complete assessment of ferric, ferrous, and H2O absorptions in both wavelength ranges. The composite data show that, compared to nearby bright red soil in Arabia, dark red soil in Oxia has a lower albedo, a more negative continuum slope, and a stronger 3 micrometer H2O absorption . However Fe absorptions are closely similar in position and depth. These results suggest that at least some dark red soils may differ from "normal" dust and mafic sand more in texture than in Fe mineralogy, although there appears to be enrichment in a water-containing phase and/or a dark, spectrally neutral phase. In contrast, there is clear evidence for enrichment of a low-albedo ferric mineral in dark gray soils composing Sinus Meridiani. These have visible- and NIR-wavelength absorptions consistent with crystalline hematite with relatively little pyroxene, plus a very weak 3 micrometer H2O absorption. These properties suggest a Ethology richer in crystalline hematite and less hydrated than both dust and mafic-rich sand.

Stars come down to Earth As estrelas descem à Terra

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Luiz Marcelo Brandão Carneiro

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Stars come down to Earth — A little known essay by Theodor W. Adorno, Stars Come Down to Earth is a study about horoscopes and superstition, written in the form of an analysis for the astrology column of the Los Angeles Times in the early 1950s. The German philosopher points out that the texts offered to the reader are an amalgam of the rational and the irrational, revealing the frankly ideological meanderings of their object. Obra não muito conhecida de Theodor W. Adorno, As estrelas descem à Terra é um estudo sobre horóscopo e superstição, originalmente dirigido à coluna de astrologia do Los Angeles Times do início dos anos 1950. O filósofo alemão, pontuando os textos oferecidos aos leitores como um mistura entre o racional e o irracional, revela os meandros do caráter francamente ideológico de seu objeto.

Expressway deformation mapping using high-resolution TerraSAR-X images

KAUST Repository

Shi, Xuguo

2014-01-27

Monitoring deformation of linear infrastructures such as expressway and railway caused by natural processes or anthropogenic activities is a vital task to ensure the safety of human lives and properties. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been widely recognized as an effective technology to carry out large-area surface deformation mapping. However, its application in linear infrastructure deformation monitoring has not been intensively studied till now. In this article, a modified Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) method is proposed to retrieve the deformation patterns of the expressway. In our method, only the point-like targets identified on the expressway were kept in our analysis, and two complementary subsets of interferograms were formed to better separate the signals of height error and deformation from inteferometric phase observations. We successfully applied this method with multitemporal high-resolution TerraSAR-X images to retrieve the spatialoral pattern of surface deformation along the Beian-Heihe expressway that is located in island-permafrost areas and threatened by geohazards. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.

Expressway deformation mapping using high-resolution TerraSAR-X images

KAUST Repository

Shi, Xuguo; Liao, Mingsheng; Wang, Teng; Zhang, Lu; Shan, Wei; Wang, Chunjiao

2014-01-01

Monitoring deformation of linear infrastructures such as expressway and railway caused by natural processes or anthropogenic activities is a vital task to ensure the safety of human lives and properties. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been widely recognized as an effective technology to carry out large-area surface deformation mapping. However, its application in linear infrastructure deformation monitoring has not been intensively studied till now. In this article, a modified Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) method is proposed to retrieve the deformation patterns of the expressway. In our method, only the point-like targets identified on the expressway were kept in our analysis, and two complementary subsets of interferograms were formed to better separate the signals of height error and deformation from inteferometric phase observations. We successfully applied this method with multitemporal high-resolution TerraSAR-X images to retrieve the spatialoral pattern of surface deformation along the Beian-Heihe expressway that is located in island-permafrost areas and threatened by geohazards. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.

High resolution geomagnetic field observations at Terra Nova bay, Antarctica

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P. Palangio

1996-06-01

Full Text Available he preliminary results obtained from the analysis in the micropulsation frequency range of high time resolution magnetic field data recorded at the Antarctic Italian geomagnetic observatory at Terra Nova Bay for 11 consecutive days in February 1994 are reported. The spectral index over the whole Pcl-Pc5 frequency range is of the order of 3.5 and its value significantly increases beyond about 50 mHz. Spectral peaks in the Pc3 frequency range are common, especially during the daytime hours, and are probably due to the direct penetration of upstream waves in the cusp region. From the local time distribution of the micro pulsation power, a signifi - cant activity enhancement around the local magnetic noon emerges, in agreement with previous observations. The analysis of the signal polarisation characteristics in the horizontal plane shows a predominant CW polarisation in the Pcl-Pc3 frequency ranges with the major axis of the polarisation ellipse in the first quadrant.

Compositional analysis of Hispanic Terra Sigillata by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lopez, A.J.; Nicolas, G.; Mateo, M.P.; Pinon, V.; Tobar, M.J.; Ramil, A.

2005-01-01

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for the analysis of Roman pottery Hispanic Terra Sigillata dating back to the 1st-5th century A.C. from two important ceramic production centers in Spain. For each sample, several examinations were performed on slip and body providing data necessary to draw depth profiles of the contents of various elements. In all the cases investigated, the amount of some elements such as calcium and iron and the presence of other ones such as silicon and aluminum showed the differences existing between slip and body in these ancient ceramics in relation with their region and period of production. In addition, complementary analyses were carried out with scanning electron microscopy linked with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX) to measure the thickness of slip and to obtain verification of chemical results

Preservação do patrimônio arqueológico em terras indígenas

OpenAIRE

Robrahn-González, Erika; Migliacio, Maria Clara

2015-01-01

Este artigo apresenta o resultado do trabalho desenvolvido durante o “I Seminário Internacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Arqueológico Pan-Amazônico”, promovido em novembro/2007 pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) na cidade de Manaus/ AM, mais especificamente, na Sessão Temática intitulada “Preservação do Patrimônio Arqueológico em Terras Indígenas”.

BOOK REVIEW: European Perceptions of Terra Australis

Science.gov (United States)

Sterken, Christiaan

2012-12-01

Terra Australis - the southern land - has been one of the most widespread concepts in European geography from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. This book comprises a set of 14 interdisciplinary scholarly contributions that deal with personal perceptions of Terra Australis by cartographers and explorers, and with putting these perceptions in their historical and cultural environments. This book seems, at a first glance, to be very remote from astronomy - and even from the history of astronomy - however, as it also offers an excellent background to Captain James Cook's second voyage to observe the 1769 transit of Venus from Tahiti, it definitely is a work of truly interdisciplinary character. Cook's voyages, in fact, became a model in which key scientists of many nationalities and disciplines traveled together on ships. In these voyages, art, science, technology and political power were centralised and united. The chapters range across history, the visual arts, literature, popular culture, technology, politics and science. Issues of scientific reasoning are raised in the description of how people did think about the south before there even existed a perception of the unknown land - quite comparable to how ancient and early-modern astronomers had their thought about cosmology even before any observational data were available. Several early map systems - like the zonal and T-O maps (medieval world maps with the letter T inside an O representing the lands inside a circle of oceans) - are described, and the description of Roman geography shows the amazing fact that theory and practice were not unified, and existed independently of each other insofar that a real paradox between theory and observation had persisted for a very long time. The maps and charts also exemplify the long-lasting consequences of early modern copy-paste practice: navigators copied original sketch charts of coasts that were previously unknown to them, herewith committing many translation and

O direito à terra como um direito humano: a luta pela reforma agrária e o movimento de direitos humanos no Brasil

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Rossana Rocha Reis

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste texto é analisar, por meio da história recente dos movimentos sociais que lutam pela reforma agrária no Brasil, a construção do direito à terra como um direito humano. A partir dos anos de 1970, a interação de movimentos camponeses da Igreja Católica progressista e da rede transnacional de direitos humanos confluiu na produção dessa ideia da posse da terra como um direito humano, que marcou não apenas a luta pela terra no Brasil, como também influenciou a forma como o próprio movimento de direitos humanos foi construído no país e na maneira como ele se inseriu nessa rede transnacional de ativistas.This article seeks to analyze, within the recent history of social movements that struggle for agrarian reform in Brazil today, the build of the land rights as a human right. Since the 1970s, the interaction between peasant movements, the progressive church and the transnational network of human rights has converged into this idea that the land rights are a human right, which not only has marked the character of the struggle for land in Brazil, but has also influenced the way in which the human rights movement has been constructed in the country and how it has taken its place within the transnational network of human rights activism.

GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO A ANÁLISE INTEGRADA DO USO DA TERRA E QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA NA MICROBACIA DO RIO PRETO – RONDÔNIA

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JOIADA MOREIRA DA SILVA

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar as mudanças no uso da terra e seus efeitos na qualidade da água na microbacia do rio Preto - RO. Esta foi escolhida por ser uma área de projetos de assentamento para colonos, o que viabilizou o processo de ocupação do estado de Rondônia. A metodologia foi dividida em três etapas: preparação da base cartográfica e processamento digital de imagens de satélite, atividade de campo com aplicação de formulário sobre o uso da terra e coleta de amostras de água, e integração das informações através de Sistema de Informação Geográfica - SIG. Na área sobre influência da agricultura cafeeira a concentração de OD foi 1,61 mg/l, a temperatura de 27,5º C, pH entre 4,4 e 4,7 e média de condutividade 15,8 S25/cm. Foi constatado mudança no uso da terra, que está relacionada ao desenvolvimento econômico recente e histórico de colonização. Como consequência trechos de rios apresentam padrão de qualidade de água inferior ao recomendado pela legislação CONAMA Nº 357/2005.

Ecumenismo y comunismo. Paralelismos y diferencias de las trayectorias de militancia en los autores de la Revista Paz e Terra (Brasil, 1966-1969

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Alejandro Paredes

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Durante la segunda mitad de la década de 1960, la revista Paz e Terra fue el centro de los debates del movimiento ecuménico brasileño y tuvo fuertes lazos con el Consejo Mundial de Iglesias y el Partido Comunista Brasileño. Este trabajo estudia los temas importantes y las trayectorias políticas y religiosas de los principales autores de la revista. Con respecto a la metodología, se analizaron todos los números de Paz e Terra (1966- 1969 y numerosas fuentes periódicas (entrevistas, obituarios, etcétera para reconstruir las biografías de los autores. En primer lugar se hizo un análisis de contenido de la revista: se realizó una descripción cualitativa de los números y se usaron nubes de palabras con cada índice. Posteriormente se utilizó el método sociocéntrico del Análisis de Redes Sociales, sumado a un estudio prosopográfico para obtener paralelismos de militancia. Nuestra hipótesis es que en ese contexto (Brasil, 1966-1969, las trayectorias de militancia de comunistas y ecumenistas que publicaron en Paz e Terra presentaron paralelismos (como el humanismo, la persecución política, la formación académica que les permitió encontrarse en un espacio de debate en común.

TerraFERMA: Harnessing Advanced Computational Libraries in Earth Science

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, C. R.; Spiegelman, M.; van Keken, P.

2012-12-01

Many important problems in Earth sciences can be described by non-linear coupled systems of partial differential equations. These "multi-physics" problems include thermo-chemical convection in Earth and planetary interiors, interactions of fluids and magmas with the Earth's mantle and crust and coupled flow of water and ice. These problems are of interest to a large community of researchers but are complicated to model and understand. Much of this complexity stems from the nature of multi-physics where small changes in the coupling between variables or constitutive relations can lead to radical changes in behavior, which in turn affect critical computational choices such as discretizations, solvers and preconditioners. To make progress in understanding such coupled systems requires a computational framework where multi-physics problems can be described at a high-level while maintaining the flexibility to easily modify the solution algorithm. Fortunately, recent advances in computational science provide a basis for implementing such a framework. Here we present the Transparent Finite Element Rapid Model Assembler (TerraFERMA), which leverages several advanced open-source libraries for core functionality. FEniCS (fenicsproject.org) provides a high level language for describing the weak forms of coupled systems of equations, and an automatic code generator that produces finite element assembly code. PETSc (www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc) provides a wide range of scalable linear and non-linear solvers that can be composed into effective multi-physics preconditioners. SPuD (amcg.ese.ic.ac.uk/Spud) is an application neutral options system that provides both human and machine-readable interfaces based on a single xml schema. Our software integrates these libraries and provides the user with a framework for exploring multi-physics problems. A single options file fully describes the problem, including all equations, coefficients and solver options. Custom compiled applications are

A aptidão de uso da terra como base para o planejamento da utilização dos recursos naturais no município de São João do Polêsine - RS

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Pedron Fabrício de Araújo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A falta de conhecimento da aptidão de uso da terra e do planejamento adequado da sua utilização tem sido fato freqüente ocasionando impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a aptidão de uso, uso atual e os conflitos de uso da terra, visando contribuir para o planejamento racional dos recursos naturais no município de São João do Polêsine (SJP, RS. A análise ambiental foi efetuada através da integração de diferentes planos de informações como solos, relevo, hidrografia, aptidão agrícola, uso das terras e áreas de preservação permanente (APP. SJP apresenta mais de 50% de sua área destinada a atividades agropecuárias, 14,8% do município enquadra-se como APP, sendo a metade dessa área utilizada inadequadamente. Os principais problemas relacionam-se com a utilização inadequada dos seus recursos naturais, sem considerar a legislação ambiental e a aptidão das terras no processo de planejamento.

Disseny de calefacció amb terra radiant d'una casa a l'horta de Lleida mitjançant energia geotèrmica

OpenAIRE

Fillat Sobrino, Jordi

2008-01-01

S'ha realitzat el disseny de calefacció d'una vivenda mitjançant energia geotèrmica de baixa temperatura, amb un bescanviador vertical de 80 m de profunditat. El sistema de calefacció és de terra radiant en forma d'espiral.

Analysis of the Electronic Crosstalk Effect in Terra MODIS Long-Wave Infrared Photovoltaic Bands Using Lunar Images

Science.gov (United States)

Wilson, Truman; Wu, Aisheng; Wang, Zhipeng; Xiong, Xiaoxiong

2016-01-01

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the key sensors among the suite of remote sensing instruments on board the Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. For each MODIS spectral band, the sensor degradation has been measured using a set of on-board calibrators. MODIS also uses lunar observations from nearly monthly spacecraft maneuvers, which bring the Moon into view through the space-view port, helping to characterize the scan mirror degradation at a different angles of incidence. Throughout the Terra mission, contamination of the long-wave infrared photovoltaic band (LWIR PV, bands 27-30) signals has been observed in the form of electronic crosstalk, where signal from each of the detectors among the LWIR PV bands can leak to the other detectors, producing a false signal contribution. This contamination has had a noticeable effect on the MODIS science products since 2010 for band 27, and since 2012 for bands 28 and 29. Images of the Moon have been used effectively for determining the contaminating bands, and have also been used to derive correction coefficients for the crosstalk contamination. In this paper, we introduce an updated technique for characterizing the crosstalk contamination among the LWIR PV bands using data from lunar calibration events. This approach takes into account both the in-band and out-of-band contribution to the signal contamination for each detector in bands 27-30, which is not considered in previous works. The crosstalk coefficients can be derived for each lunar calibration event, providing the time dependence of the crosstalk contamination. Application of these coefficients to Earth-view image data results in a significant reduction in image contamination and a correction of the scene radiance for bands 27- 30. Also, this correction shows a significant improvement to certain threshold tests in the MODIS Level-2 Cloud Mask. In this paper, we will detail the methodology used to identify and correct

Assessment of two aerosol optical thickness retrieval algorithms applied to MODIS Aqua and Terra measurements in Europe

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P. Glantz

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study is to validate AOT (aerosol optical thickness and Ångström exponent (α, obtained from MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Aqua and Terra calibrated level 1 data (1 km horizontal resolution at ground with the SAER (Satellite AErosol Retrieval algorithm and with MODIS Collection 5 (c005 standard product retrievals (10 km horizontal resolution, against AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork sun photometer observations over land surfaces in Europe. An inter-comparison of AOT at 0.469 nm obtained with the two algorithms has also been performed. The time periods investigated were chosen to enable a validation of the findings of the two algorithms for a maximal possible variation in sun elevation. The satellite retrievals were also performed with a significant variation in the satellite-viewing geometry, since Aqua and Terra passed the investigation area twice a day for several of the cases analyzed. The validation with AERONET shows that the AOT at 0.469 and 0.555 nm obtained with MODIS c005 is within the expected uncertainty of one standard deviation of the MODIS c005 retrievals (ΔAOT = ± 0.05 ± 0.15 · AOT. The AOT at 0.443 nm retrieved with SAER, but with a much finer spatial resolution, also agreed reasonably well with AERONET measurements. The majority of the SAER AOT values are within the MODIS c005 expected uncertainty range, although somewhat larger average absolute deviation occurs compared to the results obtained with the MODIS c005 algorithm. The discrepancy between AOT from SAER and AERONET is, however, substantially larger for the wavelength 488 nm. This means that the values are, to a larger extent, outside of the expected MODIS uncertainty range. In addition, both satellite retrieval algorithms are unable to estimate α accurately, although the MODIS c005 algorithm performs better. Based on the inter-comparison of the SAER and MODIS c005 algorithms, it was found that SAER on the whole is

Polar cap absorption events of November 2001 at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica

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L. Perrone

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Polar cap absorption (PCA events recorded during November 2001 are investigated by observations of ionospheric absorption of a 30MHz riometer installed at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica, and of solar proton flux, monitored by the NOAA-GOES8 satellite in geo-synchronous orbit. During this period three solar proton events (SPE on 4, 19 and 23 November occurred. Two of these are among the dozen most intense events since 1954 and during the current solar cycle (23rd, the event of 4 November shows the greatest proton flux at energies >10MeV. Many factors contribute to the peak intensity of the two SPE biggest events, one is the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME speed, other factors are the ambient population of SPE and the shock front due to the CME. During these events absorption peaks of several dB (~20dB are observed at Terra Nova Bay, tens of minutes after the impact of fast halo CMEs on the geomagnetic field.

Results of a cross-correlation analysis show that the first hour of absorption is mainly produced by 84–500MeV protons in the case of the 4 November event and by 15–44MeV protons for the event of 23 November, whereas in the entire event the contribution to the absorption is due chiefly to 4.2–82MeV (4 November and by 4.2–14.5MeV (23 November. Good agreement is generally obtained between observed and calculated absorption by the empirical flux-absorption relationship for threshold energy E₀=10MeV. From the residuals one can argue that other factors (e.g. X-ray increases and geomagnetic disturbances can contribute to the ionospheric absorption.

Key words. Ionosphere (Polar Ionosphere, Particle precipitation – Solar physics (Flares and mass ejections

Interferência da redução no volume de aplicação sobre o controle da mancha preta (Guignardia citricarpa Kiely em frutos de laranja 'Valência'

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Demétrius de Araújo

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O controle químico do agente causal da mancha-preta-dos-citros (MPC tem merecido destaque pelo excessivo número de pulverizações, elevando sobremaneira os custos de produção na citricultura. A busca por melhorias na eficiência das pulverizações e reduções na quantidade dos produtos fitossanitários já tem sido realizada, mas os resultados dessa prática ainda não são consistentes para que possa ser aplicado em escala comercial. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar a interferência da redução no volume de aplicação, sobre o controle químico da mancha preta em frutos cítricos. O experimento foi conduzido em pomar comercial com plantas de 16 anos de idade, da variedade Valência durante o ano agrícola 2007. Os tratamentos consistiram de três volumes de calda, 3,5; 4,5 e 8,5 L planta-1, aplicados por pulverizador de jato transportado Arbus 2000/Export, com ramal especial de bicos, utilizando-se fungicidas e períodos recomendados para o controle da doença em um total de quatro pulverizações e mais um tratamento testemunha (sem pulverização. As avaliações de incidência e severidade da doença ocorreram através de escala visual diagramática de notas em duas épocas (pré-colheita e colheita, em três alturas (baixo, médio e alto da planta e mais três setores horizontais (entrada, frontal e saída em dois lados da planta. Os frutos caídos foram contados quinzenalmente, em plantas previamente selecionadas, do início da maturação até a colheita com a quantificação da produção (kg planta-1. A incidência e severidade da doença foram menores quando as pulverizações foram realizadas com 8,5 L planta-1 na primeira época de avaliação (pré-colheita, porém na colheita, não houve diferenças entre os mesmos parâmetros, quando pulverizados 4,5 ou 8,5 L planta-1. Nenhum tratamento reduziu a doença no setor alto da planta, em comparação a testemunha. Os setores da planta com os frutos mais expostos aos

Preservação do patrimônio arqueológico em terras indígenas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Robrahn-González

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o resultado do trabalho desenvolvido durante o “I Seminário Internacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Arqueológico Pan-Amazônico”, promovido em novembro/2007 pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN na cidade de Manaus/ AM, mais especificamente, na Sessão Temática intitulada “Preservação do Patrimônio Arqueológico em Terras Indígenas”.

Análise das modificações do uso da terra no município de Pinhais - PR (1980-2000 numa perspectiva espaço-temporal utilizando o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edmilson Alves LOPES

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisou as modificações de uso e ocupação da terra no município de Pinhais-PR, de 1980 a 2000, o que resultou num diagnóstico, possibilitando a identificação das incompatibilidades de uso da terra e a legislação que regulamenta esse uso. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir da metodologia de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, que proporcionou a construção de mapas-síntese de caráter avaliativo quanto à análise quantitativa e qualitativa das modificações de uso e ocupação da terra no município de Pinhais. Com o Sistema de Informação Geográfica elaborou-se o cruzamento dos mapas de uso da terra, obtendo-se um mapa de dinâmica espaço-temporal de uso da terra. Também foram elaborados os cruzamentos dos mapas: Uso da Terra-2000, Zoneamento da UTP de Pinhais e Áreas de Preservação Permanente da Mata Ciliar. Esses cruzamentos proporcionaram a identificação das incompatibilidades entre o tipo de uso da terra e a legislação de uso do solo, o que resulta na identificação das incongruências de uso, áreas críticas e potenciais conflitantes existentes no município neste período. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa confirmou a hipótese de que a substituição da Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA por uma Unidade Territorial de Planejamento (UTP não melhorou as condições de preservação ambiental no município, apenas legalizou a implantação de loteamentos, desencadeando um processo de urbanização. A substituição da APA por uma UTP foi instituída pela Lei Estadual n.º 12.248/98, que dispõe sobre o Uso e Ocupação do Solo nas Áreas de Proteção. Após a implantação da Unidade Territorial de Planejamento, o município criou a Lei Municipal n.º 346/99, que dispõe sobre o Zoneamento da UTP de Pinhais com a finalidade de reordenar o território. Porém, a modificação desta legislação atendeu apenas aos interesses dos proprietários fundiários e dos agentes imobiliários que estavam

Terra Nova Environmental effects monitoring program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Williams, U.; Murdoch, M.

2000-01-01

Elements of the environmental effects monitoring program in the Terra Nova oil field, about 350 km east-southeast of St. John's, Newfoundland, are described. This oilfield is being developed using a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) facility. A total of 24 wells are expected to be drilled through seven subsea templates located in four glory holes to protect them from icebergs. Subsea installations will be linked to the FPSO by trenched flowlines connected to flexible risers. The FPSO will offload to shuttle tankers. First oil is expected in 2001. The environmental effects monitoring program will be conducted annually for the first two years beginning in 2000. Subsequent scheduling will be determined after a review of monitoring data collected during the first three years. Input to the design of the monitoring program was provided by all stakeholders, i. e. owners, local public, government agencies and regional and international experts. A model was developed linking project discharges and possible effects to the environment, including marine resources in the area, and the information derived from these activities was used to generate a set of predictions and hypotheses to be tested in the monitoring program. The monitoring program will use two spatial models: a regression or gradient design and a control-impact design. The gradient design will monitor water column and sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity and benthic invertebrate communities. The control-impact design will be used to monitor larger and more mobile fish or shellfish. The evaluated results will serve as the basis for determining impact predictions and to provide information to allow for decisions pertaining to the protection of the marine environment

Visual analytics for semantic queries of TerraSAR-X image content

Science.gov (United States)

Espinoza-Molina, Daniela; Alonso, Kevin; Datcu, Mihai

2015-10-01

With the continuous image product acquisition of satellite missions, the size of the image archives is considerably increasing every day as well as the variety and complexity of their content, surpassing the end-user capacity to analyse and exploit them. Advances in the image retrieval field have contributed to the development of tools for interactive exploration and extraction of the images from huge archives using different parameters like metadata, key-words, and basic image descriptors. Even though we count on more powerful tools for automated image retrieval and data analysis, we still face the problem of understanding and analyzing the results. Thus, a systematic computational analysis of these results is required in order to provide to the end-user a summary of the archive content in comprehensible terms. In this context, visual analytics combines automated analysis with interactive visualizations analysis techniques for an effective understanding, reasoning and decision making on the basis of very large and complex datasets. Moreover, currently several researches are focused on associating the content of the images with semantic definitions for describing the data in a format to be easily understood by the end-user. In this paper, we present our approach for computing visual analytics and semantically querying the TerraSAR-X archive. Our approach is mainly composed of four steps: 1) the generation of a data model that explains the information contained in a TerraSAR-X product. The model is formed by primitive descriptors and metadata entries, 2) the storage of this model in a database system, 3) the semantic definition of the image content based on machine learning algorithms and relevance feedback, and 4) querying the image archive using semantic descriptors as query parameters and computing the statistical analysis of the query results. The experimental results shows that with the help of visual analytics and semantic definitions we are able to explain

Earth System Science Research Using Datra and Products from Terra, Aqua, and ACRIM Satellites

Science.gov (United States)

Hutchison, Keith D.

2007-01-01

The report describes the research conducted at CSR to extend MODIS data and products to the applications required by users in the State of Texas. This research presented in this report was completed during the timeframe of August 2004 - December 31, 2007. However, since annual reports were filed in December 2005 and 2006, results obtained during calendar year 2007 are emphasized in the report. The stated goals of the project were to complete the fundamental research needed to create two types of new, Level 3 products for the air quality community in Texas from data collected by NASA s EOS Terra and Aqua missions.

DINÂMICA DA COBERTURA DA TERRA DO DISTRITO FEDERAL DENTRO DE SUAS UNIDADES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS

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Glauber Neves

2018-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica da cobertura da terra do território do Distrito Federal dentro do domínio de suas unidades de relevo. O trabalho foi dividido em três etapas: i mapeamento multitemporal da cobertura da terra, foi utilizado um método de classificação semi-automatizado com dados dos sensores TM e OLI a bordo dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, respectivamente, entre os anos de 1985 e 2015; ii mapeamento das unidades de relevo, foi utilizado um método de classificação por digitalização em tela a partir de um MDE da SRTM; iii relação relevo-cobertura, quantificação dos dados de cobertura em função das unidades de relevo a fim de identificar seus padrões de distribuição. Identificou-se a presença de dois grandes ambientes com padrões de distribuição da cobertura distintos. O primeiro, composto por Chapadas e Rampas de Colúvio, apresentou padrões de cobertura vinculadas a múltiplos usos, principalmente pelo desenvolvimento urbano e agropecuário. O segundo, composto por Ambiente Colinoso e Vale, apresentou maior preservação da cobertura vegetal natural. A identificação desses ambientes é importante para a definição de limites ambientais que auxiliem na gestão dos recursos naturais e no ordenamento territorial.

RECONSTRUÇÃO DE PAISAGEM DA TERRA NATAL: A EXPERIÊNCIA DE TOHOKU, JAPÃO, APÓS TERREMOTO E TSUNAMI, EM 2011

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Kelton Gabriel

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a priori uma metodologia para analisar o processo de reconstrução de Tohoku no Japão, região afetada pelo terremoto/tsunami de 2011, assim também como o processo da Reconstrução da Terra Natal. Nessa fase da pesquisa será trabalhada a identificação das etapas de reconstrução através das atividades até agora realizadas. Depois da etapa inicial emergencial, estão sendo discutidos processos de realocação e reconstrução de vilarejos e cidades preservando características consideradas identitárias para a comunidade. Por fim será apresentado o processo da Reconstrução da Terra Natal, onde se propõe uma análise da consciência coletiva local e sua capacidade de reter em suas estruturas subjetivas um senso de paisagem primordial de suas identidades.

Além de um Diálogo Reservado com as Estrelas: O Processo de Formação e Transformação do Terraço Jardim ao Telhado Verde

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Mario de Oliveira Saleiro Filho

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Um dos paradigmas da nova arquitetura [moderna] voltada para o século XX foi os cinco pontos da arquitetura, propostos pelo arquiteto Le Corbusier na década de 20 (vinte, a saber: planta livre de estrutura; construção sobre pilotis; terraço jardim; fachada livre e janela em fita. Nosso foco está centrado no processo de formação e transformação do terraço jardim, desde sua concepção de caráter formal e funcional, até consolidar-se no âmbito ambiental, no sentido de contemplar um balanço hídrico capaz de contribuir positivamente na drenagem pluvial das grandes cidades. Recorreremos aos saberes de Marc Bloch, quando cita que “para entendermos o presente precisamos estudar o passado”, pois objetivamos sublinhar um breve discurso diacrônico sobre os terraços jardins.

Fusion of Terra-MODIS and Landsat TM data for geothermal sites investigation in Jiangsu Province, China

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shengbo

2006-01-01

Geothermal resources are generally confined to areas of the Earth's crust where heat flow higher than in surrounding areas heats the water contained in permeable rocks (reservoirs) at depth. It is becoming one of attractive solutions for clean and sustainable energy future for the world. The geothermal fields commonly occurs at the boundaries of plates, and only occasionally in the middle of a plate. The study area, Jiangsu Province, as an example, located in the east of China, is a potential area of geothermal energy. In this study, Landsat thematic Mapper (TM) data were georeferenced to position spatially the geothermal energy in the study area. Multi-spectral infrared data of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra platform were georeferenced to Landsat TM images. Based on the Wien Displacement Law, these infrared data indicate the surface emitted radiance under the same atmospheric condition, and stand for surface bright temperature respectively. Thus, different surface bright temperature data from Terra-MODIS band 20 or band 31 (R), together with Landsat TM band 4 (G) and band 3 (B) separately, were made up false color composite images (RGB) to generate the distribution maps of surface bright temperatures. Combing with geologic environment and geophysical anomalies, the potential area of geothermal energy with different geo-temperature were mapped respectively. Specially, one geothermal spot in Qinhu Lake Scenery Area in Taizhou city was validated by drilling, and its groundwater temperature is up to some 51°.

Necromass in forests of Madre de Dios, Peru: a comparison between terra firme and lowland forests

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Alejandro Araujo-Murakami

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Stocks of dead wood or necromass represent an important portion of biomass and nutrients in tropical forests. The objectives of this study were: 1 to evaluate and compare the necromass of “terra firme” and lowlands forests, (2 to study the relationship between necromass, above-ground biomass and wood density, and (3 to estimate the necromass of the department of Madre de Dios, Peru. Stocks of necromass and above-ground biomass were estimated at three different locations using permanent plots and line intercept transects. The average volume of necromass for the three sites was 72.9 m3 ha-1 with an average weight varying between 24.8 and 30.7 Mg ha-1, depending on the estimations of dead wood density used for the calculations. Terra firme forests had significantly higher stocks of necromass than lowland forests. The amount of necromass was 11% of the total above-ground biomass in Madre de Dios forests. The total stock of carbon stored in dead wood for the entire department of Madre de Dios was estimated to be approximately 100 mega tonnes of carbon. This is ten times more than the annual fossil fuel emissions of Peru between 2000 and 2008. The substantial stocks of necromass emphasize the importance of these types of field studies, considering that this component of tropical forest carbon cannot be detected using other methods such as satellite remote sensing.

Técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto aplicadas na identificação de conflitos do uso da terra em Seropédica-RJ

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Kaio Allan Cruz Gasparini

Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou o uso e a cobertura da terra, e comparou os dados obtidos com aqueles das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs, para identificar conflitos do uso da terra no município de Seropédica-RJ. Utilizaram-se duas cenas do satélite CBERS2 e a classificação supervisionada com o método da mínima distância. As APPs foram delimitadas com o auxílio de geotecnologias, baseando-se na legislação ambiental (Lei n.º 12.651/2012 (Brasil, 2012. Utilizou-se no mapeamento das APPs um Modelo Digital de Elevação (1:25.000 e, para a rede de drenagem, cartas planialtimétricas (1:10.000. Identificaram-se 40,02 km² de APPs, o que correspondeu a 15,01% do município. A APP do rio Guandu apresentou maior área (7,23% e lagos urbanos, a menor (0,04%. O município não apresentou APPs de declividade (<40° e de topo de morro (declividade < 25° com altitude < 100. Em relação aos conflitos do uso da terra, o solo exposto correspondeu a 58,1%, pastagem a 21,7%, areia/mineração a 7,8% e área urbana a 3,9%. Os resultados obtidos indicam eficiência dessas geotecnologias na gestão municipal.

A Multi-Scale Flood Monitoring System Based on Fully Automatic MODIS and TerraSAR-X Processing Chains

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Enrico Stein

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A two-component fully automated flood monitoring system is described and evaluated. This is a result of combining two individual flood services that are currently under development at DLR’s (German Aerospace Center Center for Satellite based Crisis Information (ZKI to rapidly support disaster management activities. A first-phase monitoring component of the system systematically detects potential flood events on a continental scale using daily-acquired medium spatial resolution optical data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS. A threshold set controls the activation of the second-phase crisis component of the system, which derives flood information at higher spatial detail using a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR based satellite mission (TerraSAR-X. The proposed activation procedure finds use in the identification of flood situations in different spatial resolutions and in the time-critical and on demand programming of SAR satellite acquisitions at an early stage of an evolving flood situation. The automated processing chains of the MODIS (MFS and the TerraSAR-X Flood Service (TFS include data pre-processing, the computation and adaptation of global auxiliary data, thematic classification, and the subsequent dissemination of flood maps using an interactive web-client. The system is operationally demonstrated and evaluated via the monitoring two recent flood events in Russia 2013 and Albania/Montenegro 2013.

Núcleos coloniais e agricultura na Amazônia Imperial: uso e ocupação da terra

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Francivaldo Alves Nunes

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Fomento a produção, reforma das técnicas agrícolas, intensificação dos sistemas produtivos e aumento da produtividade são algumas diretrizes recorrentes nos projetos de reformulação da agricultura desenvolvidos no Brasil no período Imperial. Na Amazônia a criação dos Núcleos Coloniais, na segunda metade do século XIX, constituem ações governamentais que buscam atender essas demandas. Analisar os elementos que estimulam a formação das Colônias Agrícolas e que nos ajuda a pensar a constituição de paisagens agrárias e os processos de apropriação da terra é a tarefa que nos ocupamos nesta comunicação; entendendo que, além de uma questão de consumo e produção, os Núcleos Coloniais na Amazônia se evidenciaram como espaços de experimentação de novas técnicas produtivas, melhor aproveitamento da terra, do exercício de domínio das matas, promoção do povoamento e disciplinarização dos sujeitos sociais envolvidos na construção deste espaço.

Armazenamento de carbono em frações lábeis da matéria orgânica de um Latossolo Vermelho sob plantio direto Carbon storage in labile fractions of soil organic matter in a tropical no-tillage Oxisol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cimélio Bayer

2004-07-01

Full Text Available A reserva de carbono na matéria orgânica (MO do solo é uma importante estratégia para atenuar a concentração de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do plantio direto (PD, durante seis anos, sob quatro sistemas de cultura de outono na sucessão comercial soja-milho (guandu- anão-milheto, crotalária-sorgo, girassol-aveia-preta e nabo forrageiro-milho, no armazenamento de carbono nas frações particulada (>53 µm e associada aos minerais (Carbon storage in the soil organic matter (SOM is an important strategy to mitigate carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the no-tillage (NT use for six years, under four autumn (dry-season cover crops based maize and soybean crop rotations (pigeon pea-pearl millet, bengan hemp-sorghum, sunflower-black oat, and wild radish-maize, on C storage in the particulate (>53 µm and mineral-associated (<53 µm SOM fractions of a clayey Oxisol from Brazilian Cerrado region. In comparison to conventional tillage (CT under summer cash-crops, NT increased the total organic carbon (TOC stocks in the surface soil layer (0-5 cm. In the top 20 cm layer, NT soil under wild radish-maize had 9% (4.66 Mg ha-1 more TOC than the conventionally tilled soil. On the other hand, C storage in NT soil under other cropping systems was statiscally similar to the CT soil. The C stocks in the particulate SOM fraction increased by 37 to 52% in NT soil (0-20 cm in comparison to CT. The higher sensitivity to soil management changes made the particulate organic matter a more adequate soil quality index compared to the TOC stocks. The C stock in the mineral-associated SOM fraction was not affected by soil management systems, which can be related to the short-term under NT and or to the highly stable soil microaggregates in this clayey Oxisol. The preferential C storage in the labile SOM fraction is an environmental benefit, which

Atributos de solo e produtividade de feijão após diferentes formas de uso do solo no inverno, no quinto ano de experimentação Soil attributes and common bean yield after five years of different winter soil uses

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Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, no quinto ano de experimentação, o efeito de formas de uso do solo no inverno sobre a quantidade de palha remanescente, os atributos físicos e químicos do solo e a produtividade de grãos de feijão cultivado em sucessão. Foi conduzido um experimento na região do Planalto Norte de Santa Catarina, entre maio de 2006 e abril de 2011, no qual foram avaliadas cinco formas de uso do solo no inverno, repetidas por cinco anos nas mesmas parcelas: 1 consórcio de aveia preta + azevém + ervilhaca comum manejado sem pastejo (consórcio cobertura; 2 o mesmo consórcio, com pastejo e com 100kg ha-1 de N ano-1 em cobertura (pastagem com N; 3 o mesmo consórcio, com pastejo e sem adubação nitrogenada (pastagem sem N; 4 nabo forrageiro sem pastejo (nabo forrageiro; e 5 pousio sem pastejo (pousio. O consórcio cobertura aportou a maior quantidade de palha para cultivo do feijão em sucessão, mas não foram observadas diferenças expressivas em atributos de solo entre as formas de uso investigadas. Coberturas de solo, pastagem anual e pousio no inverno não afetaram a produtividade de grãos de feijão cultivado em sucessão.The objective of this study was to evaluate in the fifth year of experimentation, the effect of winter soil uses on residual straw on the soil, physical and chemical soil attributes and grain yield of common bean cultivated in succession. An experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2011. Five winter soil uses were investigated: 1 multicropping with black oat + ryegrass + common vetch without grazing (multicropping cover; 2 the same multicropping, with grazing and 100kg ha-1 of nitrogen year-1, applied during the growing period (pasture with N; 3 the same multicropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N; 4 oil seed radish, without grazing (oil seed radish; and 5 natural vegetation, without grazing

Preparados homeopáticos e adubação verde no controle de Cyperus rotundus L.

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Karina de Almeida

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Na busca por métodos de manejo com menor impacto ao ambiente e que se enquadrem nos sistemas orgânicos de produção, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar preparados homeopáticos de plantas de tiririca e o adubo verde mucuna-preta (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy no controle da tiririca. O experimento foi desenvolvido em vasos, em casa de vegetação, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, FCA-UNESP-Botucatu, no período de abril/maio de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por extrato aquoso da mucuna-preta, palhada de mucuna-preta em cobertura de solo e incorporada, preparados homeopáticos das plantas de tiririca, e a testemunha. O extrato aquoso da mucuna-preta e os preparados homeopáticos proporcionaram redução no crescimento da parte aérea e acúmulo de massas de matéria fresca e seca da tiririca. A massa de matéria fresca da parte aérea da mucuna-preta estimulou o crescimento da tiririca, tanto em cobertura como incorporada ao solo.

The impacts of climate change on soils. Investigations of impacts of climate change on soil erosion by water; Wirkungen der Klimaaenderungen auf die Boeden. Untersuchungen zu Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Bodenerosion durch Wasser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wurbs, Daniel [Geoflux GbR, Halle (Saale) (Germany); Steininger, Michael [Mitteldeutsches Institut fuer angewandte Standortkunde und Bodenschutz (MISB), Halle (Saale) (Germany)

2011-03-15

Climate forecasts regarding the 21st century raise expectations in soil erosion growth mainly due to changes in heavy precipitation characteristics and ground cover in line with the adaptation of the crop growing season to future climatic conditions. The aim of this study initiated by the Federal Environmental Agency was, to examine the impacts of climate change on soil erosion by water in Germany using data calculated by the statistical climate model WETTREG. Soil erosion by water was estimated following an USLE approach implemented in ABAGFlux and TerraFlux with focus on the usage-based erosion potential in German agricultural areas. In the 2nd project phase the USLE R factor was recalculated for the recent (1971-2000) and future climate periods (2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100) using statistical methods such as the peak over threshold method. Furthermore the climate-induced change of the C-factor was analyzed with respect to changes of culture periods, ground cover and the monthly R factor. Scenarios regarding future percentage of conservation tillage systems as also the potential and usage-based soil erosion for these four climate periods have been modelled. The results underline a requirement to differentiate the view on temporal and spatial development of R factors and potential soil erosion. There are minor changes between 2011 and 2040 followed by an increased erosion hazard in western and north-western Germany after 2041 while eastern and southern Germany face a downward trend of R factors, derived using WETTREG data of a reference period 1971 to 2000. Between 2071 and 2100 potential soil erosion rises with R factors above the actual state due to more heavy rain falls nearly all over Germany. The resulting temporal offset of culture periods and the monthly distribution of the R factor cause rising C factors in all time periods as also increasing usage-based soil erosion hazard in Germany. This study shows that soil erosion exists in Germany. The problem

Multi-Frequency and Multi-Polarization Analysis of Oil Slicks using TerraSAR-X and RADARSAT-2 Data

OpenAIRE

Singha, Suman; Ressel, Rudolf; Lehner, Susanne

2016-01-01

The use of fully polarimetric SAR data for oil spill detection is relatively new and shows great potential for operational offshore platform monitoring. Greater availability of these kind of SAR data calls for a development of time critical processing chain capable of detecting and distinguishing oil spills from ’look-alikes’. This paper describes the development of an automated Near Real Time (NRT) oil spill detection processing chain based on quad-pol RADARSAT-2 (RS-2) and quad-pol Terra...

Terra, Aqua, and Aura Direct Broadcast - Providing Earth Science Data for Realtime Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Kelly, Angelita C.; Coronado, Patrick L.; Case, Warren F.; Franklin, Ameilia

2010-01-01

The need for realtime data to aid in disaster management and monitoring has been clearly demonstrated for the past several years, e.g., during the tsunami in Indonesia in 2004, the hurricane Katrina in 2005, fires, etc. Users want (and often require) the means to get earth observation data for operational regional use as soon as they are generated by satellites. This is especially true for events that can cause loss of human life and/or property. To meet this need, NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites, Terra and Aqua, provide realtime data useful to disaster management teams. This paper describes the satellites, their Direct Broadcast (DB) capabilities, the data uses, what it takes to deploy a DB ground station, and the future of the DB.

Geology of Libya Montes and the Interbasin Plains of Northern Tyrrhena Terra, Mars: First Year Results and Second Year Work Plan

Science.gov (United States)

Skinner, J. A., Jr.; Rogers, A. D.; Seelos, K. D.

2010-01-01

The Libya Montes-Tyrrhena Terra highland-lowland transitional zone of Mars is a complex tectonic and erosional region that contains some of the oldest exposed materials on the Martian surface as well as aqueous mineral signatures that may be potential chemical artifacts of early highland formational processes. Our 1:1M scale mapping project includes the geologic materials and landforms contained within MTMs 00282, -05282, -10282, 00277, - 05277, and -10277, which cover the highland portion of the transitional zone. The map region extends from the Libya Montes southward into Tyrrhena Terra and to the northern rim of Hellas basin and includes volcanic rocks of Syrtis Major Planum and a broad lowlying plain (palus) that forms a topographic divide between Isidis and Hellas basins. The objective of this project is to describe the geologic history of regional massif and plains materials by combining geomorphological and compositional mapping observations. This abstract summarizes the technical approaches and interim scientific results of Year 1 efforts and the expected work plan for Year 2 efforts.

Eficiência do uso e resposta à aplicação de fósforo de cultivares de arroz em solos de terras altas Use efficiency and response to phosphorus of application rice cultivars in highlands soils

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Eliane Aparecida Rotili

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a eficiência e resposta quanto ao uso de fósforo de cultivares de arroz em solos de terras altas no sul do Estado de Tocantins. Os tratamentos envolveram seis cultivares comerciais de arroz (BRS-Bonança BRS-Caiapó, BRS-Sertaneja, BRSMG-Curinga, BRSMG-Conai e BRS-Primavera, que foram cultivadas em dois ambientes distintos. Para simular ambientes com baixo e alto nível de fósforo, foram utilizadas as doses 20 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Através da produtividade de grãos, classificaram-se as cultivares quanto à eficiência no uso e resposta à aplicação do fósforo. A cultivar BRS-Bonança foi mais eficiente quanto ao uso de fósforo e responsiva à sua aplicação.This research's objective was to study the efficiency in the usage of phosphorus by rice cultivars in highland soils in the South of Tocantins State. The experiments evaluated six commercial cultivars of rice (BRS-Bonança BRS-Caiapó, BRS-Sertaneja, BRSMG-Curinga, BRSMG-Conai and BRS-Primavera, grown in areas with high and low phosphorus application: 20 and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized blocks design, with four replicates. Based on grain yield, cultivars were classified in respect to the efficiency and response to phosphorus fertilization. The cultivar BRS-Bonança presented the highest phosphorus use efficiency and was the most responsive.

Teores de silício no solo e na planta de arroz de terras altas com diferentes doses de adubação silicatada e nitrogenada Silicon contents in soil and in highland rice plants under different doses of silicon and nitrogen fertilization

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M. Mauad

2003-10-01

Full Text Available O Si não é elemento essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, porém sua absorção pode trazer inúmeros benefícios para culturas acumuladoras de Si, como o arroz. Entretanto, considerando o avançado grau de intemperização em que se encontram os solos tropicais, os teores de Si disponível nestes solos são baixos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, na cultura do arroz de terras altas sob condições de túnel plástico, o efeito de doses de Si e de N na produção de matéria seca, na produtividade de grãos, no teor de N, nos teores de Si no solo e na planta e na quantidade de Si extraído do solo. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três doses de N (5, 75 e 150 mg kg-1 de N, tendo como fonte a uréia e quatro doses de Si (0, 200, 400 e 600 mg kg-1 de SiO2 tendo como fonte o silicato de cálcio (Wollastonita. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com cinco repetições. O acúmulo de matéria seca, a produtividade de grãos e os teores de N na planta não foram influenciados pelas doses de Si. O incremento da adubação nitrogenada aumentou a produção de matéria seca, a produtividade de grãos e o teor de N na planta, porém nenhum efeito foi encontrado para os teores de Si no solo. Houve interação N x Si para os teores de Si na planta e para a quantidade de Si acumulado pelas plantas.The element Silicon is not deemed essential for plant growth and development, but its absorption can benefit cumulative cultures like rice greatly. The Si content of tropical soils, however, is very low, due to the advanced weathering degree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of rice plants in highlands under plastic tunnels and the effects of nitrogen (N and Si doses on dry matter production, grain productivity, N content; Si soil and plant contents; and on the amount of extracted silicon. The treatments consisted of three doses of N (5, 75, and 150

Design and realization of an active SAR calibrator for TerraSAR-X

Science.gov (United States)

Dummer, Georg; Lenz, Rainer; Lutz, Benjamin; Kühl, Markus; Müller-Glaser, Klaus D.; Wiesbeck, Werner

2005-10-01

TerraSAR-X is a new earth observing satellite which will be launched in spring 2006. It carries a high resolution X-band SAR sensor. For high image data quality, accurate ground calibration targets are necessary. This paper describes a novel system concept for an active and highly integrated, digitally controlled SAR system calibrator. A total of 16 active transponder and receiver systems and 17 receiver only systems will be fabricated for a calibration campaign. The calibration units serve for absolute radiometric calibration of the SAR image data. Additionally, they are equipped with an extra receiver path for two dimensional satellite antenna pattern recognition. The calibrator is controlled by a dedicated digital Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The different voltages needed by the calibrator and the ECU are provided by the third main unit called Power Management Unit (PMU).

Economia política da disputa por terras em Minas Gerais

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Ari Francisco de Araujo Junior

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo estuda os determinantes da probabilidade de ocorrência de conflitos de terra, ocupações e assentamentos nos municípios mineiros. Os resultados apontam para a importância de fatores econômicos e políticos. Aparentemente, militantes pró-reforma agrária se adequam ao ciclo político, causando menos conflito em municípios governados por aliados. Por sua vez, a pobreza e o elevado crescimento arrefecem o ímpeto desses militantes.The article analyzes the determinants of the probability of dispute over land (conflicts, occupations and settlement projects in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Through the use of a logit model, we found that the main influences are political and economical ones. Apparently, the behavior of the agrarian reform's supporters follows the political incentive, with fewer occurrences of conflicts in towns governed by political allies. By other hand, the economical determinants - degree of poverty and the economic growth - have negative impacts on it.

Movimentos sociais e experiência geracional: a vivência da infância no Movimento dos Trabalhadores sem Terra Social movements and generation experience: childhood lived within the Movimento dos Sem Terra/Brazil

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Luciana Oliveira Correia

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta pesquisa etnográfica desenvolvida com crianças moradoras de um acampamento do Movimento dos Sem Terra, em Minas Gerais. Pela observação participante do cotidiano infantil e por meio de entrevistas com crianças, buscou-se apreender os significados da vivência da infância no interior de um movimento social organizado. No escopo deste artigo, no diálogo com os refereciais teórico-metodológicos da sociologia da infância, foram analisadas três das entrevistas realizadas, de forma a destacar a singularidade dos processos socializatórios vividos por tais sujeitos, definidos por duas categorias identitárias: geração e inserção em movimentos sociais. Verifica-se que as crianças, em sua ação coletiva voltada para a atividade do brincar, buscavam interpretar sua experiência coletiva, lançando mão de elementos da cultura infantil, de forma a elaborar o vivido. Ao mesmo tempo, buscavam estabelecer relações com outros universos sociais, tais como a escola, de maneira a construir novos espaços de sociabilidade.This papper describes an etnographical research realized with a group of childs from the Movimento dos Sem Terra of Minas Gerais/Brazil. Using metodologies strategies like participative observation and interviews, we focused the signification of childhood experience inside an organized social movement. According to that, in dialogue with the teorical references of Childhood Sociology, the research analises their identity construction process, considering two central categories: generation and insertion in social movements. The children, in coletive action centered on playing, uses it to interpret their social universe, elaborating their own experience. In other hand, they tried to construct new relations with another social universes, like school, in order to increase their sociabilities.

Examination of body burden and taint for Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) near the Terra Nova offshore oil development over ten years of drilling on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

DeBlois, Elisabeth M.; Kiceniuk, Joe W.; Paine, Michael D.; Kilgour, Bruce W.; Tracy, Ellen; Crowley, Roger D.; Williams, Urban P.; Gregory Janes, G.

2014-12-01

This paper presents results of analyses of body burdens of metals and hydrocarbons, and taste tests for taint, in Iceland scallop and American plaice performed as part of the Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) program for the Terra Nova offshore oil development (Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada). Scallop and plaice were collected in a Study Area located within approximately 1 km of drill centres at Terra Nova and in a Reference Area located approximately 20 km from the development. Samples were collected in 1997 to establish a baseline, and from 2000 to 2010, during drilling periods. Scallop adductor muscle tissue was contaminated with >C10-C21 aliphatic hydrocarbons resembling the drilling fluid in the synthetic drilling mud (SBM) used at Terra Nova in 2000, 2002 and 2004, but contamination of adductor muscle was not noted in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The maximum concentration in muscle was 28 mg/kg wet weight, noted in 2002. Scallop viscera was contaminated with hydrocarbons resembling drilling fluid in SBMs near drill centres in all EEM years except 2010. Viscera contamination with >C10-C21 hydrocarbons gradually decreased from a maximum of 150 mg/kg in 2000, to a maximum of 27 mg/kg in 2008; all values were below the laboratory reporting detection limit of 15 mg/kg in 2010. Therefore, evidence from both muscle and viscera indicates a decrease in tissue hydrocarbon contamination in recent years. Barium, another major constituent in drilling muds, has not been noted in scallop adductor muscles at concentrations above the reporting detection limit, but barium was detected in viscera in baseline and EEM years. The maximum concentration of barium in viscera during baseline sampling was 8 mg/kg. The maximum concentration in EEM years (29 mg/kg) was noted in 2000. The maximum concentration in 2010 was 25 mg/kg. The concentration of metals other than barium in scallop tissues was similar between the Terra Nova Study Area and the Reference Area. Hydrocarbons

A first comparison of Cosmo-Skymed and TerraSAR-X data over Chamonix Mont-Blanc test-site

OpenAIRE

Nicolas , Jean-Marie; Trouvé , Emmanuel; Fallourd , Renaud; Vernier , Flavien; Tupin , Florence; Harant , Olivier; Gay , Michel; Moreau , Luc

2012-01-01

International audience; This paper presents the first results obtained with satellite im- age time series (SITS) acquired by Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) over the Chamonix Mont-Blanc test-site. A CSK SITS made of 39 images is merged with a TerraSAR-X SITS made of 26 images by using the orbital information and co-registration tools developed in the EFIDIR project. The results are illus- trated by the computation of speckle-free images by temporal averaging, by the generation and comparison of topographi...

Arte e política no cinema de Glauber Rocha: uma análise do filme Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol

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William Vaz de Oliveira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This article discusses the relationship between art and politics in the kinematics of Glauber Rocha focusing on the work ―Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol‖ Creator of the Cinema Novo in Brazil, Glauber proposes a system that portrays the reality through national a quasi-socialist realism. Hunger, poverty and religion become constant in the works of the moviemaker, in addition to showing a Brazilian culture strongly marked by African customs. Emerged in the late '50s, early '60s, his Cinema Novo was characterized by the search for a language and a truly Brazilian cinematic technique, which should depict all our limitations and our entire underdevelopment, thus seeking to overcome them, trying to approximate the cinematic art of the public. His movie Deus e o Diabo na terra do Sol for instance, highlights this prospect of a purely national cinema.

Tratamiento externo de los cerramientos del parque temático de "Terra Mítica", Alicante

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López Morales, Aurelio

2000-12-01

Full Text Available One of the more emblematic building constructed in the last 2000, was the one of "TERRA MITICA'S" Thematic Park, in Benidorm (Alicante. Independently of the attractions concerning a Fairground (the genuine stars in the Park, the functionality and the aesthetic of the buildings assigned to leisure areas, are also very important concerning the comfort and relaxation after the adventure. In the present article, you will find the adopted decisions concerning the building faces in the whole different areas included in the Park. A detailed exhibition of the different ornamental details and of the different techniques used in the facing, will be also exposed.Una de las obras más emblemáticas, de carácter lúdico, que se han construido en el año 2000 es la que corresponde al Parque Temático " TERRA MÍTICA ", situado en la localidad alicantina de Benidorm. Con independencia de que sean las atracciones -Montaña Rusa, Rápidos, Caída Libre, etc.: las verdaderas estrellas del Parque, la funcionalidad y estética de los edificios destina dos a zona s de ocio juegan también un papel importante en el confort y la relajación después de la aventura. En el presente artículo se expondrán las tematizaciones adoptadas, tales como los revestimientos en los edificios de las distintas áreas que componen el conjunto del Parque. Asimismo, se hará una exposición detallada de diferentes motivos decorativos y de las técnicas empleadas para la ejecución del revestimiento.

Longevidade de sementes de algumas espécies de mucuna Seed longevity of some species of Stizolobium sp.

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Jocely Andreuccetti Maeda

1986-01-01

Full Text Available Sementes de mucuna-preta (Stizolobium atterrimum Piper et Tracy, mucuna-rajada (S. deeringianum Bort, mucuna-anã(S. deeringianum Bort e mucuna-jaspeada (Stizolobium sp. foram mantidas em condições comuns de armazém no Centro Experimental de Campinas e submetidas a testes de germinação no início e a cada dois meses, por um período total de 30 meses, com exceção dos testes em mucuna-jaspeada que, por insuficiente quantidade de sementes, foram realizados somente até os 12 meses. As sementes de mucuna-preta exibiram 80,0% ou mais de germinação até 30 meses, enquanto as de mucuna-rajada e mucuna-anã tiveram decréscimos significativos, apresentando ao final do período de armazenamento, 64,7% e 58,1% de germinação respectivamente. Até 12 meses, esse decréscimo nas sementes de mucuna-preta, rajada, anã e jaspeada foi pequeno. A partir dos 12 meses, as porcentagens de germinação das sementes de mucura-preta foram sempre estatisticamente superiores às da mucuna-rajada e anã.Seeds of Stizolobium atterrimum ("mucuna-preta", two varieties of Stizolobium deeringianurn ("mucuna-rajada" and "mucuna-anã", and of Stizolobium sp. ("mucuna-jaspeada" were maintained under uncontrolled storage conditions et Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, and tested for germination at every two months, for a total period of 30 months. Due to a smaller amount, the seeds of Stizolobium sp. ("jaspeada" were tested only until 12 months. The seeds of Stizolobium atterrimum ("preta" exhibited germination of 80.0% or higher until 30 months, while those of the two varieties of Stizolobium deeringianum ("rajada" and "anã" had significant decreases in germination, presenting at the end of the storage period, 64.7 and 58.1% germination, respectively. Until the 12 months period, the seeds of "preta", "rajada", "aná", and "jaspeada" decreased little in germination. From that time on, the germination percentages of "preta" were always statiscally superior to

O Projovem campo saberes da terra e sua contribuição para a formação e desenvolvimento do capital social pelos jovens agricultores (as familiares

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Elaine Aparecida de Souza Apolonio

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O Projovem Campo – Saberes da Terra, é uma modalidade do ProJovem, uma política pública do Ministério de Educação, através da DPEJUN/SECADI/MEC, em parceria com a secretaria de Educação do Estado, no nível fundamental de Educação de Jovens Adultos, unificando qualificação social e profissional, visando à potencialização das capacidades dos jovens do campo, com idades entre 18 e 29 anos. Apresentaremos a temática juventude e contemporaneidade, através de um breve histórico do tema em questão, e a política pública para o segmento da juventude, na área de educação, o programa Projovem Campo- Saberes da Terra. Analisaremos essa experiência escolar à luz da teoria do capital social, ligadas à capacitação de jovens e adultos agricultores (as, sob a perspectiva oficial de educação, dentro da orientação metodológica do Projovem Campo Saberes da Terra, com vistas a contribuir para uma interpretação crítica da construção de capital social pelos jovens agricultores (as.

Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, with an updated checklist from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea

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Claudio Ghiglione

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This new dataset presents occurrence data for Porifera collected in the Ross Sea, mainly in the Terra Nova Bay area, and curated at the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa. Specimens were collected in 331 different sampling stations at depths ranging from 17 to 1,100 meters in the framework of 17 different Italian Antarctic expeditions funded by the Italian National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA. A total of 807 specimens, belonging to 144 morphospecies (i.e., 95 taxa identified at species level and 49 classified at least at the genus level is included in the dataset. Nearly half (45% of the species reported here correspond to species already known for Terra Nova Bay. Out of the remaining 55% previously unknown records, under a third (~29% were classified at the species level, while over a quarter (~26% were ascribed to the genus level only and these would require further study. All vouchers are permanently curated at the MNA and are available for study to the scientific community. A 3D model of an uncommon species from the Ross Sea, i.e. Tethyopsis brondstedi (Burton, 1929, is also presented and will be made available for outreach purposes.

Julgamento da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol: todo dia era dia de índio Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Land trial

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Erica Magami Yamada

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O julgamento da demarcação da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol expôs o papel do STF como legislador positivo. O recém-publicado acórdão do STF sobre o caso agrega as chamadas salvaguardas institucionais formuladas nas 19 ressalvas à ação do poder executivo e aos direitos dos povos indígenas apresentadas em plenária. Algumas dessas ressalvas, verdadeiros enunciados normativos, ameaçam retroceder o reconhecimento de direitos de minorias étnicas no país, na contramão de compromissos internacionais de direitos humanos assumidos, especialmente quanto à interpretação do direito originário dos índios sobre suas terras tradicionais e quanto ao não reconhecimento da organização política indígena com o controle sobre suas terras.The trial to demarcate the Indigenous Land Raposa Serra do Sol revealed the role of the STF as a positive legislator. The recently published decision on the case incorporated the so called institutional safeguards introduced by the 19 conditions to the executive action and to indigenous peoples rights as presented during the hearings. Some of these safeguards, actual normative statements, threaten to move backwards the recognition of minority ethnic groups in brazil. They go against the international commitments of the state towards human rights, particularly regarding the interpretation of indigenous peopels original right to lands and the non-recognition of the indigenous political organization a capacity to control their own lands.

Geological-morphological description of the Ishtar Terra (photomap of the Venusian surface sheet B-5)

Science.gov (United States)

Sukhanov, A. L.; Pronin, A. A.; Tyuflin, Y. S.; Ostrovskiy, M. V.; Kotelnikov, V. A.; Rzhiga, O. N.; Petrov, G. I.; Sidorenko, A. I.; Aleksandrov, Y. N.; Zakharov, A. I.

1986-01-01

The main part of the Ishtar Terra east of the Maxwell Montes is covered with systems of areal dislocations of several directions, which are called Parquet. According to the structural patterns these may be divided into: (1) the central stable block; (2) the lesser peripheral blocks separated from the central one by gaps and grabens; (3) the zones of mobilized parquet, whose substance flowed downward at an incline in the directions away from the central block in the form of plastic flows; and (4) the partially parqueted lava sheets. The Maxwell Montes were formed as a result of the collision between the central parquet block and the Lakshmi Planum.

Integração lavoura e pecuária e os atributos físicos de solo manejado sob sistema plantio direto Livestock-crop integration effects on physical attributes of a soil under no-till

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Silvio Tulio Spera

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Atributos físicos de solo foram avaliados num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico, em Passo Fundo, RS, dez anos após o estabelecimento (1993 a 2003 de cinco sistemas de produção integrando culturas produtoras de grãos, pastagens de inverno e forrageiras perenes: I trigo/soja, aveia-branca/soja e ervilhaca/milho; II trigo/soja, aveia-branca/soja e forrageiras anuais - aveia-preta + ervilhaca/milho; III forrageiras perenes da estação fria - festuca + trevo-branco + trevo-vermelho + cornichão; IV forrageiras perenes da estação quente - pensacola + aveia-preta + azevém + trevo-branco + trevo-vermelho + cornichão; e V alfafa para feno, acrescentada em 1994, como tratamento adicional, com repetições em áreas contíguas ao experimento. Metade das áreas sob os sistemas III, IV e V retornou ao sistema I a partir do verão de 1996. As culturas, tanto de inverno como de verão, foram estabelecidas sob plantio direto. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Amostras de solo também foram coletadas em fragmento de floresta subtropical ao lado do experimento. O aumento da densidade do solo e da microporosidade, e a redução da porosidade total e da macroporosidade, devido aos distintos sistemas de produção de grãos com pastagens, não atingiram níveis capazes de promover degradação do solo. Os sistemas com pastagens perenes apresentaram menor densidade do solo e maior porosidade total e macroporosidade na camada 0-2 cm, em relação aos sistemas de produção de grãos ou produção de grãos com pastagens anuais.Soil physical characteristics were evaluated of a typical dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplorthox located in Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, after ten years (1993 to 2003 under mixed production systems. The effects of production systems integrating grain production with winter annual and perennial forages under no-tillage were assessed. Five mixed cropping systems were