Tartu Ülikool Tartu linnas = The University of Tartu in the city of Tartu / Kaja Pae, Merje Müürisepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pae, Kaja

2011-01-01

Maarjamõisa välja ja kesklinna hoonestu suhted. Ülikool ja kesklinn, ülikooli ruumiline imidž. Ülikooli ajalooline hoonestu. Tartu Ülikooli hoonete paiknemisega linnaruumis tegeldi 27. ja 28. aprillil 2010 toimunud Tartu linnafoorumil

The politics of arms control treaty ratification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krepon, M.; Caldwell, D.

1991-01-01

This book presents a critical examination of executive-congressional relations and the domestic politics of arms control treaty ratification within the United States during the twentieth century. The staring point of this study is the hypothesis that the politics of treaty ratification can be as important as the negotiations leading up to agreements. Benefits to international peace and security sought in years of painstaking diplomatic effort can be lost without Senate consent, as was the case with the Treaty of Versailles and the second treaty arising from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II). The authors of the case studies were requested to present first a brief, historical introduction to the case indicating why the case was important, the background concerning the origins of the treaty, and the treaty's major provisions. The purpose of the introduction to the case was not to provide a complete picture of the negotiating record but to set the stage for a more in-depth discussion of the events that followed after the treaty was signed. The authors address five substantive areas: the international political context of the treaty, the domestic political context, the role of the president, executive-congressional relations, and public opinion and the role of interest groups. The questions and issues concerning each of these areas are briefly summarized

Ettepanekud : Tartu, 28. aprill 2010 = Proposals : Tartu, 28 April 2010

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2011-01-01

Tartu linnafoorumil tehtud ettepanekud. Tartu kesklinn kui kampus, ülikooli hoonete paiknemine. Linna jätkusuutlik areng. Geograafilised identiteedid: Emajõgi ja Toomemägi. Olulised tegevused linnaplaneerimises jm.

Guidelines for the International Observation by the Agency of Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes under the Provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or Analogous Provisions in Other International Agreements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1973-01-01

On 21 June 1972 the Board of Governors approved guidelines for the international observation by the Agency of nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes under the provisions of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons or analogous provisions in other international agreements. These guidelines are now reproduced herein for the information of all Members

The Korean Armistice: Short Term Truce or Long Term Peace?

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sanford, John M

2006-01-01

...? The dictionary defines armistice, as "a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a truce." Over the past 52 years, this provisional delay has endured as the primary peace treaty for the region...

Flaws in the Non-Proliferation Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leventhal, P.

1986-01-01

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nucler Weapons has the twin objectives of stopping the further spread of nuclear weapons and ending the nuclear arms race on the one hand, and promoting peaceful uses of atomic energy on the other. In quantitative and symbolic terms the NPT is a huge success. More than two-thirds of the world's nations have signed on, making this the most popular arms control agreement on earth. Not a single nation has declared itself to be a nuclear-weapons state beyond the original five members of the ''nuclear club'' who qualified for weapons status under the terms of the Treaty itself: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China. No party to the Treaty has exercised the permitted option to drop out, and none has been found by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to have diverted nuclear material from civil to weapons purposes. Nor has any party been known to have violated NPT prohibitions on developing or assisting other nations to develop nuclear weapons

Tartu 2003 : Teater

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Tartu teatrielu sündmustest 2003 - M. Savitski osalemine New Yorgi balletikonkursil, T. Lensmendi lavastus "Kihnu Jõnn", M. Undi lavastus "Aida", P. Pedajase lavastus "Nipernaadi", M.Kasterpalu juhitud Tartu Teatrilabori korraldatud teatrifestival "Draama 2003", A. Mäe asumine Vanemuise teatrijuhi kohale

How to strengthen the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eklund, S.

1975-01-01

NPT consists of a complex set of undertakings and obligations, each of which represents in its own right a highly desirable objective that should be pursued whether or not the Treaty itself existed, and irrespective of the success (or lack of it) achieved in pursuit of the other objectives. These objectives are: (a) to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to countries other than the five that possessed them at the end of 1966. Obviously, this is the main purpose of the Treaty. It provides the substance of the first three articles and gives the Treaty its name (Arts. I, II, III); (b) to promote international co-operation in developing the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and particularly to help developing countries in this regard (Art. IV); (c) to afford all parties whatever benefits may be derived from the peaceful uses of nuclear explosions (Art. V); (d) to pursue negotiations towards the cessation of the arms race, nuclear disarmament and eventually a treaty on general and complete disarmament, 'under strict and effective international control'. Although this is not actually said in the relevant article (Article VI), it is generally considered that this obligation falls particularly upon those parties of the Treaty that are 'Nuclear Weapon States'. (Art. VI) The preambular paragraph regarding the 'determination expressed' by the parties to the Moscow Test Ban Treaty to seek a complete and perpetual discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons, is also relevant to the objective of arms control and disarmament. (Art. VI) Since consummation of each of these objectives is 'devoutly to be wished', in Hamlet's words, there should be no question of bargaining or horse-trading between them. Despite some specious arguments to the contrary, history shows that the possession of superior weapons has never prevented war and a further spread of nuclear weapons must inevitably increase, perhaps in geometrical progression, the likelihood of a nuclear conflict

Urban energy planning in Tartu

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Große, Juliane; Groth, Niels Boje; Fertner, Christian

The Estonian planning system allots the main responsibilities for planning activities to the local level, whereas the regional level (county) is rather weak. That implies a gap of cooperation on the regional level, leading to dispersed urban development in suburban municipalities and ongoing urban...... sprawl in the vicinity of Tartu. This development appears contrary to the concept of “low-density urbanised space” as formulated in the National Spatial Plan “Estonia 2030+” (NSP) as the central spatial development concept for Estonia and also to a compact and intensive city development as formulated...... in the Master Plan of Tartu. Since Tartu has no relevant big industries, the main employers are the municipality and the university, energy related challenges occur from transport and residential (district) heating. The modal split shows big differences between journeys within Tartu and journeys between Tartu...

The third review conference of the parties of the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and recent developments concerning international safeguards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canty, M.J.; Richter, B.; Schlupp, C.; Stein, G.

1986-11-01

The non-proliferation activities and instruments are listed in a table. The two main instruments are the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the IAEA Safeguards, which are supplemented by treaties of regional restricted effects, such as the Treaty of Tlatelolco and the EURATOM treaty. The two-tier structure of the treaties, i.e. to provide for non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and at the same time foster the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, has proven to have a particularly stabilizing effect, which was confirmed by the last Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation. The conference members were particularly satisfied with the results of the IAEA Safeguards. Future developments towards improving international safeguards will concentrate on operator-friendly and financially reasonable safeguards measures, such as safeguards effectiveness evaluations and near-real-time accountancy. The results of the CAS discussions on the definition of principles and goals of co-operation for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are of importance also to the PUNE conference. The PUNE conference will be held in 1987 and is expected to yield points of orientation for further embedding the non-proliferation principle in the international co-operative activities and the nuclear business in the 1980s. (orig./HP) [de

Current legal issues of European integration in the area of peaceful uses of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Handrlica, Jakub

2009-01-01

The main issues of current discussions concerning the status of European integration in the area of peaceful uses of nuclear energy are described with focus on the present and future of the EURATOM Treaty. The basic features of the EURATOM Treaty are highlighted and those issues which are currently subject to discussion in foreign literature (e.g. EURATOM's legitimacy, specification of competencies, obsolete provisions, etc.) are pointed out. The major attempts to reform the wording of the EURATOM Treaty and the relevance of the Treaty to its Member States in the future, in relation to the 'Nuclear New Build' in particular, are also described. (orig.)

Military involvement in post-conflict transformation in African peace ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Post-conflict transformation is a difficult task, since renewed violence frequently flares up after peace treaties have been signed. Failure to end conflict often results from misinterpretations of the roots or an inability of the conflict to create suitable exit strategies for military forces. Reintegration of soldiers and non-state armed ...

Tartu toomhärrade päritolu = Social origins of Tartu canons / Tõnis Lukas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lukas, Tõnis, 1962-

1993-01-01

Lisana tabelid: Vana-Liivimaalt pärit toomhärrade jaotumine ja osakaal. Lk. 23 ; Väljastpoolt Vana-Liivimaad pärinevad toomhärrad Tartu toomkapiitlis. Lk. 24 ; Tartu toomhärrade sotsiaalne päritolu. Lk. 25

Atoms for peace plus fifty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eisenhower, S.

2003-01-01

One of Dwight Eisenhower's most significant political legacies stemmed from his management of the nuclear question. Five decades after Eisenhower's 'Atoms for Peace' speech before the United Nations, the nuclear dilemma persists but the world is a different, and I would submit, a better place today than it might have been had that vision not been articulated, or its proposals not advanced. The 'Atoms for Peace' speech had a number of objectives, but it is over arching goal was to propose a set of ideas, a nuclear strategy, which would call on the Soviets to cooperate internationally for the betterment of mankind. This would reengage the Soviets in discussions on nuclear matters at a time when arms control talks had stalled, but it would also offer hope, and a practical set of ideas, to the developing world. 'Atoms for Peace' spawned many developments, including the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and eventually the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. While 'Atoms for Peace', as well as the institutions it created, has come under fire in recent years, it is hard to imagine what the world would have been like without it. Largely through the international Atomic Energy Agency, nations around the world have participated in research and development programs, including the use of nuclear energy in important civilian applications. Nuclear electric power accounts for nearly one-fifth of the world's electricity - reducing global tensions by replacing oil in many applications, and providing much of the world's electricity that is generated without the release of greenhouse gases or other destructive emissions. Many other nuclear and radiation-related technologies, especially radiopharmaceuticals and medical advances involving radiation, have resulted in large part from research spawned by 'Atoms for Peace'. Millions of lives have been saved in the process. While the 'nuclear dilemma' remains a challenge almost as complex as it was fifty years ago, the

Bunge-aegne Tartu / Tiit Rosenberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rosenberg, Tiit, 1946-

2013-01-01

Varem ilmunud kogumikus Tundmatu Friedrich Georg von Bunge : materjale Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi konverentsilt "200 aastat prof. Friedrich Georg von Bunge (1802-1897) sünnist" Tartu Ülikooli Ajaloo Muuseumis 27. aprillil 2002 : [baltisaksa õigusteadlane ja -ajaloolane]. Tartu, 2006

A treaty more alarming than efficient. The dismantled warheads will not be destroyed. Danger

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riche, P.; Despic-Popovic, H.; Nougayrede, N.

2002-01-01

This political analysis presents the new treaty of nuclear weapons dismantling between Russia and Usa. In fact the warheads will not be completely dismantling but only stocked, leading to a possible recovery by terrorists. It underlines the real interests of this agreement which are more economic than peaceful. (A.L.B.)

The third review conference of the parties to the Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

The Third Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons was held in Geneva from 27 August to 21 September 1985, with a view to assuring that the purposes and provisions of the Treaty were being realized. The Conference ended with the adoption by consensus of a Final Declaration, by which the States parties, among other things, solemnly declared their conviction that the Treaty was essential to international peace and security and expressed their support for its objectives. This Fact Sheet provides information on the preparations for the Conference, developments at the Conference and the main features of the Final Declaration. Te text of the Treaty is reproduced in Disarmament Fact Sheet No. 33, and its historical background is contained in Fact Sheet No. 41

Puhastus Tartu ülikoolis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

1998-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli Nõukogu saalis nõukogude-aegsete rektorite piltide väljavahetamisest. Alles jäid J. Skytte, G. F. Parroti portreed. H. Kruusi, A. Koorti, F. Klementi, A. Koobi portreed anti hoiule Tartu Ülikooli Kunstimuuseumisse. Pandi välja maalid P. Põllust ja H. Koppelist. Suure osa portreede autor on Ilmar Malin. Ülikooli praegune portreemaalija - Jüri Arrak.

Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines concerning co-operation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy and the transfer of nuclear material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-01-01

Australia and the Philippines, both parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, have agreed to cooperate in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, including research and training, exchange of unclassified information, and projects of mutual interest. The agreement applies to all nuclear material transferred for peaceful purposes between the two countries and to material derived from that transferred material. The treaty entered into force on the 11th May 1982

Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool = Tartu Health Care College

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool Nooruse tänav 5, valminud 2011. Arhitektid Indrek Peil, Siiri Vallner (Kavakava), kaasautorid Johannes Feld, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Andro Mänd, Ragnar Põllukivi. Sisearhitekt Tarmo Piirmets (Pink). Konstruktorid Ivar Muuk, Andres Hirve (Pike)

Between Shadow and Light: The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Forty Years On

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abdelwahab, Biad

2010-01-01

The NPT was negotiated during the Cold War period to prevent the emergence of new nuclear players by distinguishing between 'nuclear-weapon states' (NWS) which had carried out nuclear testing before 1 January 1967, that is the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France and China, and 'non-nuclear-weapon states' (NNWS). Under the NPT, the two groups of states commit to comply with a series of commitments formulated around 'three pillars': 1 - Non-proliferation: the NWSs undertake under Article I not to transfer nuclear weapons or control over such weapons and not in any way to assist, encourage or induce any NNWS to acquire them, while the NNWSs are bound under Article II to neither develop or acquire nuclear weapons or 'other nuclear explosive devices' nor to receive any assistance in that connection. 2 - Peaceful use of nuclear energy: Article IV guarantees the 'inalienable right' to 'develop research, production and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes without discrimination'. 3 - Nuclear disarmament: each state party to the treaty undertakes under Article VI 'to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament'. The treaty entered in force in March 1970 and has since become universal, with 189 states parties in May 2010. At five-year intervals, parties to the treaty convene review conferences in order to review the operation of the treaty, Article VIII(3). The 1975, 1985 and 2000 review conferences culminated in the adoption of a final declaration and the 1995 review conference decided to extend the treaty indefinitely. The preparatory committee (PrepCom) for the 2010 review conference, which met from April 2007 to May 2009, did not adopt any recommendations, in absence of a consensus on essential issues concerning the operation of the treaty. Hence the importance of this 8. review conference of the parties held in New York from 3 to 28 May 2010 in a

Tartu Ülikooli varakamber = The Treasury of the University of Tartu / Margit Aule, Margit Argus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aule, Margit, 1981-

2013-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli varakambri (Lossi 25, Tartu) sisearhitektuurse lahenduse töötasid välja ning ekspositsiooni kujundasid Margit Argus ja Margit Aule (Kaos Arhitektid). Graafiline disain: Polar Studio. Arhitektuuriajaloolaste Mart Kalmu ja Leele Välja ning arhitekti ja fotograafi Reio Avaste arvamused

Tänane Tartu - naerud, nutud ja hernetondid = Tartu today - laughter, tears and scarecrows / Berk Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Berk, 1975-

2006-01-01

Tartu linnaruumist, selle teisenemistest. Eduard Tubina mälestusmärgist (skulptor Aili Vahtrapuu, arhitekt Veronika Valk, heli: Louis Dandrel), Tartu Kaubamajast (arhitekt Raivo Puusepp), Rüütli tänava kujundusest (Rene Valner, Ott Kadarik), Ülikooli tänavast. 5 värv. ill

Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi ja Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu postkaardikomplektidest / Vilve Asmer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Asmer, Vilve

2003-01-01

Rets.: Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum = Estonian Literary Museum : [10 postkaarti haruldastest trükistest / Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum ; koost. Imbi Pelkonen, Heino Räim]. Tartu, 1999.Tartu. Linn ja linnarahvas : 16 fotot klaasplaatnegatiividelt = Tartu. City and citizen : 16 photos from glass plate negatives. I, 1902-1940 / Eesti Kirjandusmuuseum ; [koost. Vilve Asmer]. Tartu, 2002.Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu : [postkaardikomplekt raamatukogu varadest ; kaartide pöördel Eesti Raamatu Aasta logo ; koost. Elna Hansson, Mare Rand, Rein Saukas. Tartu, 2000]. 8 kaarti ümbrises

Tartu kui märk / Jüri Talvet

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talvet, Jüri, 1945-

1996-01-01

Ilmus algkujul hispaania keeles Sevillas Andaluusia Semiootikaassotsiatsiooni ajakirja Discurso Tartu semiootikakoolkonnale pühendatud erinumbris (nr. 8, 1993). Ilmunud ka kogumikus: Talvet, Jüri. Ameerika märkmeid, ehk, Kaemusi Eestist. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2000, lk. 62-71, pealk.: Tartu vaim

Moosipurgid Tartu alateadvuse keldrites / Ave Randviir

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Randviir, Ave, 1981-

2006-01-01

Priit Pajose näitus "Imed, inimesed ja imeinimesed" Tartu Kunstimaja galeriis. Seitsme noorema põlvkonna kunstniku näitus "Raamatukoguprojekt. Kunstniku dialoog ruumiga" Rael Artel Gallery: Non Profit Project Space's Tartu Linnaraamatukogu keldris Kompanii 3/5

Tartu ootab Mõõdukaid / Jarno Laur

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laur, Jarno, 1975-

2002-01-01

Mõõdukate tellimusel viis ES Turu-uuringud 19.04.-6.05. läbi küsitluse, milles uuriti Tartu elanike rahulolu linnaeluga ja probleeme, mille lahendamist linlane poliitikutelt ootab. Diagramm: Kuidas on Tartu linnavalitsus saanud hakkama

The Non-Proliferation Treaty on the threshold to the 21st century

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, W.

1991-06-01

The basic outlines of non-proliferation policy, its instruments, the position of the protagonists' interests and the fundamental fields of conflict are to the fore. The history and structure of international non-poliferation policy and, in particular, of the NPT, are described, the instruments for verifying the purely peaceful use of nuclear power (safeguards) are analysed, and important future technological and political challenges of the Treaty are listed. (orig./HP) [de

Peaceful nuclear explosions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-07-01

Article V of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) specifies that the potential benefits of peaceful applications of nuclear explosions be made available to non-nuclear weapon states party to the Treaty 'under appropriate international observation and through appropriate international procedures'. The International Atomic Energy Agency's responsibility and technical competence in this respect have been recognized by its Board of Governors, the Agency's General Conference and the United Nations' General Assembly. Since 1968 when the United Nations Conference of Non-Nuclear Weapon States also recommended that the Agency initiate the necessary studies in the peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) field, the Agency has taken the following steps: 1. The exchange of scientific and technical information has been facilitated by circulating information on the status of the technology and through the Agency's International Nuclear Information System. A bibliography of PNE-related literature was published in 1970. 2. In 1972, guidelines for 'the international observation of PNE under the provisions of NPT and analogous provisions in other international agreements' were developed and approved by the Board of Governors. These guidelines defined the basic purpose of international observation as being to verify that in the course of conducting a PNE project the intent and letter of Articles I and II of the NPT are not violated. 3. In 1974, an advisory group developed 'Procedures for the Agency to Use in Responding to Requests for PNE-Related Services'. These procedures have also been approved by the Board of Governors. 4. The Agency has convened a series of technical meetings which reviewed the 'state-of-the- art'. These meetings were convened in 1970, 1971, 1972 and in January 1975. The Fourth Technical Committee was held in Vienna from 20-24 January 1975 under the chairmanship of Dr. Allen Wilson of Australia with Experts from: Australia, France, Federal

Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool = Tartu Health Care College / Ingrid Ruudi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ruudi, Ingrid, 1978-

2012-01-01

2012. aastal valminud Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli hoone arhitektuursest lahendusest. Arhitektid Indrek Peil ja Siiri Vallner, kaasautorid Johannes Feld, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Andro Mänd ja Ragnar Põllukivi (Kavakava). Sisearhitekt Tarmo Piirmets (Pink). Projekt: 2006-2009

Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkool = Tartu Health Care College

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2012-01-01

Eesti Sisearhitektide Liidu 2011. a. ühiskondliku interjööri preemia pälvinud Tartu Tervishoiu Kõrgkooli hoone (Nooruse 5) sisekujundusest. Suurem osa kooli mööblist on tehtud eritellimusel sisearhitekti jooniste järgi. Sisearhitekt Tarmo Piirmets (Pink OÜ). Loetletud Pink OÜ töid. Arhitektid Siiri Vallner ja Indrek Peil

Ledjanõje kopii izvestnõh pamjatnikov pojavilis v Tartu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Kuus meeskonda Tartu Kõrgemast Kunstikoolist, Tartu Ülikoolist ja Tartu lastekunstikoolist lõikasid välja jääskulptuure, mis kopeerisid Eestimaa tuntud monumente. Võidutöö autor oli Kalev Järvik taiesega ±Energia¬. Tema töö on koopia Riho Kulla Narvas asuvast samanimelisest skulptuurist

Andres Tauli muljeid Tartu Ülikooli pidustustelt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli asutamise 370. aastapäeva kõnes avaldas president Rüütel arvamust, et Tartu Ülikooli suurus seisnebki selles, et ta on eesti ülikool ja ühtlasi ka Eesti lipulaev hariduse põllul

Tartu kevad / Juta Kivimäe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kivimäe, Juta, 1952-

2003-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli maali õppetooli üliõpilaste näitus "Tartu kevad" Kastellaanimaja galeriis. Osalevad Kadri Ilves, Piret Mikkelsen, Anna Kainulainen, Anna Mägi, Jaan-Jürgen Klaus, Merike Orav, Irina Krivonogova, Angela Orro, Peeter Krosmann, Kärt Putk, Kadi Kängsepp, Jane Remm, Liina Laaser, Ode Taul, Sami Kalevi Makkonen, Maive Õunapuu

Tartu rahu(tus) / Igor Gräzin

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gräzin, Igor, 1952-

2008-01-01

Parlamendiliikmest autor ei ole nõus president Toomas Hendrik Ilvese ettepanekuga kaotada Eesti-Vene piirilepingu preambulist viide Tartu rahule. Tartu rahu olulisim osa on Eesti tunnistamine iseseisvaks kuni aegade otsani. Vt. samas juhtkiri: Mõnus preambul. Peaminister Andrus Ansipi arvamusest

Act No. 1860 of 31 December 1962 on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1963-01-01

This Act is the first text which regulates in Italy the peaceful uses for nuclear energy. It concerns the industrial and scientific uses of the atom; plants for the preparation, manufacture, separation, treatment, etc. of nuclear substances and lays down general provisions for the different activities connected with the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Following the establishment of the CNEN, this Act provides an essential framework for the development of national nuclear activities, also in connection with the regulations already provided by the Euratom Treaty ratified by Italy by Act No. 1203 of 14 October 1957. (NEA) [fr

Cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy among Turkey, Caucasian and Central Asian countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zafer, A.

2006-01-01

2002 and Third Conference at Tashkent in 2004, sponsored by international organizations as IAEA and (OECD/NEA), NATO. Training Course on Industrial Application of Irradiation Technology organized by TAEK and Academy of Science of Azerbaijan and sponsored by IAEA at Baku in 2003. Joint E urasia Nuclear Bulletin c overing activities in peaceful uses of nuclear energy in these countries published yearly since 2002. After 2006 Baku Conference the bulletin will be published in two years in parallel with Conference organization. Turkey supports the non-proliferation activities that do not prevent the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and in this respect as signed Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have also signed these Treaties following their independence and have become members to IAEA

Doktoritöö Tartu Ülikooli Kunstimuuseumi valandikogust / Aira Võsa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Võsa, Aira, 1974-

2015-01-01

Arvustus: Jaanika Anderson. Reception of ancient art: the cast collections of the University of Tartu art museum in the historical, ideological and academic context of Europe (1803-1918). Tartu : University of Tartu Press, 2015. (Dissertationes studiorum graecorum et latinorum Universitatis Tartuensis ; 7)

BOLIVIA IN 1904. WHY DO THEY SIGN THE TREATY WITH CHILE?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LORETO CORREA VERA

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This article demonstrates that Bolivia - despite the negotiations of 1895 and all the recent rhetoric - was not worried of the effective recovery of the coast until long after the signing of the 1904 Treaty, instead of that, the presidency of Ismael Montes and the rise of Liberals in the Bolivian state, prioritized the modernization of the country and the search for ways to get the production of tin at any cost, at that time, the main wealth of Bolivia. This text has the purpose of explaining –as a witness of the time-, what were the reasons that the Bolivian authorities wielded before their people to sign the Treaty of Peace with Chile. Following that logic and notwithstanding all the recent literature, it seems appropriate to go beyond the subjective line of interpretation to establish the sayings of the main actors.

Tartu Keskkonnahariduse Keskuse Loodusmaja = Nature School of Tartu Environmental Education Centre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Tartu Keskkonnahariduse Keskuse Loodusmaja Lille tänav 10, valminud 2013. Arhitektuurivõistlus 2010. Arhitektid Martin Kinks, Risto Parve, Kai Süda, Margit Valma (Karisma Arhitktid), Diana Taalfeld (NU Arhitektuur). Sisearhitekt Tõnis Kalve

Tartu Ülikool 375 / interv. Rein Raudvere

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Küsitlus: Mida on teile andnud Tartu Ülikool? Millest oleksite jäänud ilma, kui poleks olnud õnne õppida Tartu Ülikoolis? Vastavad: Tõnis Lukas, Hannes Kaljujärv, Aili Paju, Ain Kallis, Aarne Liiv ja Hans Trass. Vt. samas: EV ministrid TÜ vilistlased; Riigikogu liikmed TÜ vilistlased

Treaty implementation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dunn, L.A.

1990-01-01

This paper touches on three aspects of the relationship between intelligence and treaty implementation, a two-way association. First the author discusses the role of intelligence as a basis for compliance monitoring and treaty verification. Second the authors discusses payoffs of intelligence gathering and the intelligence process of treaty implementation, in particular on-site inspection. Third, the author goes in another direction and discusses some of the tensions between the intelligence gathering and treaty-implementation processes, especially with regard to extensive use of on-site inspection, such as we are likely to see in monitoring compliance of future arms control treaties

Tartu kunstikuud ääristavad raamid ruumides ja vabas õhus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Festivali "tARTu kunstikuu" 2007 üritusi tutvustavad ning Tartu kunstielust räägivad Reet Mark, Raimu Hanson, Mart Kivastik, Margus Kiis, Külli Aleksanderson. Pikemalt Henry Timuski tuleskulptuuridest, maaliklassikast koopiate maalimisest, festivali mõjust Tartu kunstielule, Mart Kivastiku näidendist "Kits viiuli ja õngega", Norra tantsukompanii Wee tantsulavastustest

Tartu Pauluse kirik = St. Paul's Church in Tartu / Merja Nieminen, Kari Järvinen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nieminen, Merja

2016-01-01

Eliel Saarineni projekteeritud Tartu Pauluse kiriku restaureerimisest. Restaureerimisprojekti autorid Merja Nieminen, Kari Järvinen, sisearhitekt Markku Nors. Kultuurkapitali Arhitektuuri sihtkapitali aastapreemia 2016 laureaat

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONCEPTS OF THE REFORM TREATY (THE LISBON TREATY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emilian Ciongaru

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Lisbon Treaty also known as the Reform Treaty provides only an amendment of the treaties considered as fundamental, namely the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union and is the result of the constitutional process triggered by the Laeken Declaration adopted by the European Council. The Lisbon Treaty is still built on the content of the European Constitution from which they eliminated the most controversial provisions, first of all the title of Constitution that might produce concern and panic among the European Union population through the symbolic power it contained, and for Romania this new treaty was the first it signed in quality of a Union member state. Even if does not bear the name of European Constitution, the Lisbon Treaty is a European Constitution for the following reasons: first it is a Constitution because it gathers together most of the fundamental elements of the Constitutional Treaty, even if it does not have the structure or the name thereof, and second the treaties after the Lisbon reform have become small constitutions from the operational viewpoint, they develop the functions of a constitution, limit power and organize the operation of the organization.

French and German students at CERN in the framework of 50th anniversary of the franco-german Treaty - Microcosm garden BEBC

CERN Multimedia

Anna Pantelia

2013-01-01

To mark the 50th anniversary of the Elysée Treaty between France and Germany, which established a basis for cooperation between the two countries in order to set the seal on a lasting peace, secondary school pupils came to CERN to research the Franco-German relationship.

Tartu Ülikooli Muuseumi varakamber = Treasury of the University of Tartu Museum

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli Muuseumi varakamber Lossi tänav 25, valminud 2012. Arhitektuuri sihtkapitali sisearhitektuuripreemia 2012 minevikust tulevikku vaatava efektse ja noorusliku ekspositsiooniruumi kujundamise eest. Sisearhitektid Margit Argus, Margit Aule (KAOS Arhitektid)

Uus Tartu Loodusmaja = The new Tartu Nature Building / Tiit Sild

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sild, Tiit, 1977-

2010-01-01

Tartu Loodusmaja avalikust arhitektuurivõistlusest, kvalifitseerimistingimustest, energiatõhususest ja žürii tööst. 1. preemia sai töö "Känd", autorid Diana Taalfeld, Kai Süda, Margit Valma, Martin Kinks (Urmas Lõokese AB / Karisma Arhitektid). Nimetatud 2. ja 3. koha saanud tööd, autorid

Impossible stable peace in the Greek society: projects of koinè eiréne during the Corintian War

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César FORNIS

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The Corinthian War was closed in 386 B.C. by the first koinè eiréne, that prima facie promised to carry to the whole Greek world, if belligerent or not, a firm and everlasting peace. Six years before, with the war in progress and with Persia as arbiter and guarantor too, two essays or projects of «common peace» or «general peace» taken place, but failed because the imperialist concern of the involved states. In the present article we deal with the gestation, the interpretation of the clauses and the rasons, reals or supposed, of the breakdown of this new kind of juridical treaty that finally only was thoroughly accepted by the imposition of the hegemonic power, Sparta.

Tartu maalikoolkonna entusiastlik väljendus (1962-1985) / Krista Sõster

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sõster, Krista

2010-01-01

Vaadeldakse Tartu professionaalsete maalikunstnike veidi tähelepanuta jäänud monumentaalteoseid. Detailsemalt on kirjeldatud Lagle Israeli merekividest mosaiikpannoosid "Eestlaste muistne tähistaevas" (1962-1964) Tõravere observatooriumis ja "Viljandi ürgorg" (1968-1982) EPA-s, Ilmar Malini pannood "Strata vitae" (1970-1973) Zooloogia ja Botaanika Instituudis ja "Lehed ajas" (1983) Tartu Postimehe toimetuses, Elmar Kitse segatehnikas sgrafiitopannood (1965) restoranis "Tarvas" ning ukraina kunstnik V. Tovtini mosaiikseina (1974) Tartu katseremonditehases

Tekst ja subjekt. Tartu koolkonna teine põlvkond / Marek Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamm, Marek, 1973-

1997-01-01

Arvustus: Lotman, Mihhail. Mandelshtam i Pasternak : popõtka kontrastivnoi poetiki. Tallinn : Aleksandra, 1996. (Biblioteka zhurnala Tallinn); Torop, Peeter. Dostojevski : istorija i ideologija. Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 1997

Rhandeia Peace Consequences; the Invasion of Traian and his Successors to Armenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parviz Hossein-Talaee

2017-12-01

Full Text Available With bounding the borders of Iran and Rome at the time of Parthian Mithradates II (124-87 BC, a frequent confrontation started between the two superpowers in order to achieve important bordering areas, especially Armenia. This confrontation led to sign a peace treaty called Rhandeia in 63 AD. According to treaty a branch of the Parthian Royal family (Arshakuni dynasty took the power in Armenia on the condition of verification and commitment the Roman Empire. The success of the Parthian in investing the kingdom of Armenia to prince of their family, and starting Arshakuni dynasty of Armenia, led to irritate Rome later, because this treaty apparently had put an end to the issue of Armenia in favor of Rome, but indeed it was in favor of Iran so that The Romans were seeking an opportunity to reclaim the lost benefits in Rhandeia Treaty, and the chance was taken in the era of Traian, the power full Roman emperor. The result of this study reveals that the invasion of Traian in the early second century AD, was formed after the failure of Rome from Rhandeia Treaty. Although at first his campaign was successful and could capture Armenia and Mesopotamia, but following that, Parthian defeated Romans by their own way of war and escaped. Hence once again Parthian could gain their impact on this important area, although the tension between the two superpowers and Romans lasted to the end of this dynasty on capturing Armenia.

Raamaturott pääses lahti Tartu Loodusmajja / Andrus Okas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Okas, Andrus

2014-01-01

Loodusteemalisi raamatuid ja lauamängu tutvustab Andrus Okas Tartu Loodusmajast: Marvet, Ann. Metsa-, soo- ja niiduaabits : Eesti taimekoosluste määraja (Tallinn : Varrak, 2014). Vilbaste, Kristel. Jõhvikas (Tallinn : Varrak, 2014). Hermann, Elo; Nelk, Marge. Eesti lindude värviraamat. I osa Eesti ([Tartu] : Eesti Ornitoloogiaühing, 2014). Hermann, Elo; Nelk, Marge. Linnumäng : kümme kaardimängu lindude tundmaõppimiseks ([Tartu] : Eesti Ornitoloogiaühing, 2014)

Tartu linna kultuuriturunduse strateegia põhimõtetest / Katriin Fish-Uibopuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Fish-Uibopuu, Katriin

2005-01-01

Ilmunud ka: International cultural marketing conference : November 3-4, 2005, Tartu : a collection of speeches. Tartu linna kultuuriturunduse strateegia väljatöötamisest, põhimõtetest ja eesmärkidest

Tapa ja Tartu vaksal ärkavad uuele elule / Rein Sikk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sikk, Rein, 1961-

2011-01-01

Tapa vaksalihoone (1928) renoveerimise, uute perroonide rajamise, raudteepargi kordategemise plaanidest, vana auruveduri taastamisest. Tartu linn toetab 100 000 euroga Tartu vaksalihoone (1877) muinsuskaitse all olevate ootesaalide ehitust ja algupärasel kujul taastamist

Tartu Ülikooli Raamatukogu inkunaablite kollektsioon täienes / Kaspar Kolk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kolk, Kaspar

2010-01-01

Kaks kaanetäidisest eraldatud trükise kaksiklehte viisid Tartu uurija prantsuse dominiiklase Petrus de Palude jutlustekogumikuni. Dr. Sven Kuttner Müncheni ülikooli raamatukogust võrdles Tartu fragmendist tehtud digikoopiat ja Müncheni ülikooli raamatukogu valduses olevat eksemplari ning andis omapoolse positiivse kinnituse. Fragment on kataloogitud Tartu e-kataloogis ESTER ja see on arvatud 49. numbri all TÜR-i inkunaablite kollektsiooni

Tartu rahu 90. aastapäeva pidustused / fotografeerinud Sille Annuk, Margus Ansu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2010-01-01

Mart Reiniku gümnaasiumis avati Tartu rahu tuba, kooli seinal avati Jaan Poska bareljeef, Eesti Post esitles ERMi postimuuseumis Tartu rahu aastapäevale pühendatud marki (kujundanud Vladimir Taiger), president Toomas Hendrik Ilves asetas pärja Julius Kuperjanovi hauale, Tartu rahu maja kõrval toimus kõnekoosolek

The Treaty of Lisbon

OpenAIRE

Sylvia Gloggnitzer

2008-01-01

The Treaty of Lisbon is the EU’s new legal framework. The EU heads of state or government have agreed on a new EU treaty conceived to ensure that the enlarged EU consisting of 27 Member States functions more efficiently than under the Treaty of Nice, which is currently in place. The Treaty of Lisbon was signed by EU heads of state or government on December 13, 2007, in Lisbon. The Treaty of Lisbon is to replace the EU Constitutional Treaty rejected in national referendums in France and the Ne...

Students of Tartu and Tallinn on foreign policy / Toomas Alatalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Alatalu, Toomas, 1942-

2000-01-01

Tallinna ja Tartu politoloogia üliõpilaste uuringu tulemused: üliõpilased pidid vastama küsimustele Eesti-Vene-Euroopa suhete kohta. Erinevused Tallinna ja Tartu vahel polnud suured; Tallinna üliõpilased olid pragmaatilisemad

The Treaty of Tordesillas and the (reInvention of International Law in the Age of Discovery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Waisberg

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to investigate some of the main features of sixteenth century international law in order to challenge traditional international law foundations. By exploring concrete cases, and indicating situations in which state and non-state actors resorted to international norms in order to promote trade and celebrate peace treaties, it is inquired whether some pre-Westphalia international trade and warfare practices may be defined as the beginning of “modern” international law.

Muinasteadlane Tartu ülikooli audoktoriks

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

1998-01-01

1998. a. detsembris promoveeritakse Tartu Ülikooli audoktoriks Eestist pärit Haifa ülikooli emeriitprofessor Michael Heltzer, kelle peamiseks uurimisvaldkonnaks on Foiniikia linnade (eriti Ugariti) majandus ja epigraafika

The INF Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nolan, J.E.

1991-01-01

The U.S.-Soviet agreement to eliminate intermediate-range (500-5,000 kilometers) nuclear weapons, known as the INF Treaty, was signed on December 8, 1987, and ratified by the Senate on May 27, 1988. Although the actual negotiation of the agreement has a long and fractious history, its ratification was swift and won the support of all but five members of the U.S. Senate. As the first agreement between the two sides to eliminate --- rather than simply reduce or constrain --- an entire class of weapons, the INF Treaty is popularly believed to be a major arms control success story. It was the first U.S.-Soviet arms control treaty to be ratified by the Senate since 1972, when the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty was approved. This paper discusses the INF Treaty which owes its genesis to a decision taken by the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) alliance in the last months of the Carter administration to deploy new nuclear weapons in Europe

"Improvizz" toob Tartu Ülikooli aula lavale improvisatsiooniorkestri / Karin Palo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Palo, Karin

2005-01-01

Neljandast rahvusvahelisest improvisatsioonilise muusika festivalist "Improvizz" (festivali peakorraldajaks Aleksander Sünter). Kontserdid: "Opera Kit" 4. märtsil Tartu Sadamateatris, 5. märtsil Tartu Sadamateatris, 6. märtsil TÜ Ajaloomuuseumis, 6. märtsil "Ettearvamatu lõppkontsert" TÜ aulas

Tartu Ülikooli Füüsika Instituut = University of Tartu Institute of Physics

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli Füüsika Instituudi hoone Tartus Viljandi mnt. 43, valminud 2014. Arhitektid Ott Kadarik, Mihkel Tüür, Kadri Tamme (Kadarik Tüür Arhitektid OÜ), Villem Tomiste (Stuudio Tallinn), insener Hugo Olak (AS Tari). Eesti Kultuurkapitali Arhitektuuri sihtkapitali aastapreemia 2014

International Law governing the Safe and Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jankowitsch-Prevor, O.

2002-01-01

1. The International Governmental Institutions. History and mandates: IAEA, OECD/NEA, EURATOM. 2. International Treaties and Conventions: The Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy: Commitment and Verification (the NPT, Safeguards Agreements with the IAEA, The Additional protocol, Regional Non-proliferation Treaties); the Physical protection of Nuclear Material (Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material); Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (Vienna Convention on the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention, Paris Convention on Civil Liability, Joint Protocol relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, Convention on Supplementary compensation for Nuclear Damage); In case of Nuclear Accident: Notification and Assistance (Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident, Convention on Assistance in the case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency); International Law Governing Nuclear Safety (Nuclear Safety Convention, Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management). 3. Relationship between International and National Law

Tartu sisustuskevad / Kadi Lehtmets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lehtmets, Kadi

2008-01-01

"Deko" esindajad Anu Kaelussoo juhatusel tutvusid Tartu sisustus- ja kunstikauplustega. Püha Antoniuse Gildi meistrikodadest, Epp Mardi ja Tuuli Vahesaare kauplusest "Friida ja Lonni", kauplustest "Ruum", "Abakhan", "Saurus Antiik", "Kunst ja Käsitöö", ateljee- kauplusest "Põnev Pritsimaja", Tuvikese kunstikauplusest, Mustvalgest salongist, Elitaar kunstisalongist jm

Raivo Puusepp : Tartu kaubamaja idealistlik autor / Raivo Puusepp ; interv. Askur Alas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Puusepp, Raivo, 1960-

2005-01-01

Arhitekt Raivo Puusepaga äsjavalminud Tartu kaubamaja arhitektuurist, kõrghoonetest Tallinnas. Raivo Puusepa lühibiograafia. Oleg Sapozhnin Raivo Puusepast. Linnart Mäll, Enriko Talvistu ja Merle Jääger Tartu kaubamajast

Tartu noored kunstnikud salapärasuse vaimustuses / Margus Kiis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kiis, Margus

2003-01-01

Tartu Noorte Kunstnike Näitusest Tartu Kunstnike Majas. Iseloomustatud Priit Pajose, Lauri Pajose, Margus Pumpa, Andres Sütevaka, Kaie Luige, Maris Palgi, Külli Suitso, Kadri Kängsepa, Peeter Krossmani, Saimi Kalevi Makkoneni, Kaarel Vulla, Katri Kuuski, Väike Tomi, Meiu Mündi, Karol Kagovere, Meta Narusbeli, Aili Penti, Kene Triive ja Raivo Irdi töid

The Outer Space Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Christopher Daniel

2018-01-01

Negotiated at the United Nations and in force since 1967, the Outer Space Treaty has been ratified by over 100 countries and is the most important and foundational source of space law. The treaty, whose full title is "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies," governs all of humankind's activities in outer space, including activities on other celestial bodies and many activities on Earth related to outer space. All space exploration and human spaceflight, planetary sciences, and commercial uses of space—such as the global telecommunications industry and the use of space technologies such as position, navigation, and timing (PNT), take place against the backdrop of the general regulatory framework established in the Outer Space Treaty. A treaty is an international legal instrument which balances rights and obligations between states, and exists as a kind of mutual contract of shared understandings, rights, and responsibilities between them. Negotiated and drafted during the Cold War era of heightened political tensions, the Outer Space Treaty is largely the product of efforts by the United States and the USSR to agree on certain minimum standards and obligations to govern their competition in "conquering" space. Additionally, the Outer Space Treaty is similar to other treaties, including treaties governing the high seas, international airspace, and the Antarctic, all of which govern the behavior of states outside of their national borders. The treaty is brief in nature and only contains 17 articles, and is not comprehensive in addressing and regulating every possible scenario. The negotiating states knew that the Outer Space Treaty could only establish certain foundational concepts such as freedom of access, state responsibility and liability, non-weaponization of space, the treatment of astronauts in distress, and the prohibition of non-appropriation of

Obsolete treaties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodionov, S.

1999-01-01

The proliferation of ballistic missile technologies (as opposed to nuclear ones) is not limited actually by any international treaty, there are no treaties of that kind. It is hardly imaginable that the international community could succeed in getting any agreements in the near future that would ban (or seriously limit) missile technology proliferation, similar to Non-proliferation Treaty or CTBT. An optimum option would permit the declared nuclear powers to have intercontinental ballistic missiles until the transition to a nuclear-weapon-free world, while any space activity would be under strict international control

Tartu ehk unbewusste Ängste / Rauno Thomas Moss ; interv. Harry Liivrand

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Moss, Rauno Thomas, 1977-

2008-01-01

Rauno Thomas Mossi (1977) näitus "Silent Tartu aka Clinical" Vaal galeriis. Kunstniku eluloolisi andmeid, loomingust, alasti mehekeha kujutamisest. Töötab Tartu Ülikoolis joonistamise ja plastilise anatoomia õppejõuna. Tema lemmikkunstnikud

Annelinn - Tartu kuldne kroon, betoonist

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Jarmo K otsib Tartu betoonlinnakust väärikust ning poeesiat. Kiitust pälvinud kaasaegsetest elamutest on nimetatud AB Muru & Pere projekteeritud kolmiktorne Luha tänaval ning Ott Ojamaa projekteeritud elamut Kalda teel

Rethinking Peace, Peace Research and Peacebuilding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Goetschel, Laurent; Hagmann, Tobias

2011-01-01

We develop our argument in five steps. The first section retraces the evolving interaction between peace research and politics. It recalls some of the central features of critical peace research as well as the articulation between norms and causal assumptions. The second and third sections expound...... what we call the bureaucratisation of positive peace by governments and NGOs at both the institutional and ideational levels. We draw attention to how peacebuilding has been institutionalized in diplomatic and aid organizations and how it propagates a set of received wisdoms about peace. In the fourth...... section we problematize a number of paradoxes of state sponsored peacebuilding from the viewpoint of critical peace research. Finally, we offer a number of concluding observations on the role of peace researchers and some suggestions how a tradition of critical peace research could be reinvigorated...

Tartu Ülikooli uued audoktorid

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli uued audoktorid on: Wilfried Schlüter, Liisa Marjatta Ahtee, Hans Hilmar Goebel, Tapani Ruutu, Jürgen Mittelstrass, Keijo Aarre Virtanen, Giovanni Romeo, José Luis Abbud Mas, Svennik Haeyer, Björn Wittrock

Andrus Ansip seadis Tallinna-Tartu maantee riigi prioriteetide hulka / Tuuli Koch

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koch, Tuuli, 1978-

2006-01-01

Peaminister Andrus Ansip sõnas Riigikogu infotunnis, et Tallinn-Tartu maantee on olnud riigi jaoks prioriteet ning aastani 2013 Euroopa Liidu struktuurifondidest Eestile laekuvast 52 miljardist kroonist on riigil kavas Tartu maanteesse investeerida 4,5 miljardit krooni

Tartu Postimehe küsitlus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Vastus küsimusele: mis on see, mis aitaks teil olukorras, kus Andrus Ansipit toetab 64% tartlastest, tõusta Tartu meeritoolile? Vastavad Ivar Tallo, Malle Salupere, Jüri Kumar, Tõnu Kauba, Teet Jagomägi, Tõnis Lukas. Parlamendisaadik

Population Transplant From Adana After Peace Operations Carried Out In Cyprus (1975-1976)

OpenAIRE

Erdem ÇANAK

2015-01-01

Ottoman Empire ruled Cyprus between the years 1571-1878, in 1878 with Treaty of Lausanne was officially passed to England temporarily. Greeks who want to take advantage of this situation, gave fresh impetus to activities for“Enosis” . This process which led to the struggle for existence of Turks in the island and has resulted Peace Operation in 1974. However, Turks emigrated to different parts of the world, mainly toTurkey due to the pressure that they are exposed in the period leading up to ...

Tartu Kevadpäevad 2008 : Nädalajagu muusikat igale maitsele / Signe Tamberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamberg, Signe

2008-01-01

Tartu Kevadpäevad 2008 muusikaprogrammis: 34. tudengilaulu võistlusest 29. apr. Tartu Sadamateatris, öölaulupeost 28. apr. Kassitoome orus, kontsertidest "Rokime!" 2. mail ja "Folgime" 3. mail Raekoja platsil

Peace as an event, peace as utopia: a re-imagining of peace and its implications for peace education and development

OpenAIRE

Horner, L.K

2013-01-01

This paper aims to provide a new approach to peace in order to contribute to a theoretically informed approach to peace education and development practice. Arguing that liberal peace can be counter-productive and can actually betray peace, I offer an alternative approach in order to contribute to thinking on peace for educators and development practitioners. Introducing the theory of peace that I developed in my recent Ph.D., I explore how utopian and post-structural theory conceptualises pea...

The positive side of Lisbon Treaty

OpenAIRE

Florin Bonciu

2007-01-01

The Lisbon Treaty or Reform Treaty represent in brief the current position of the European Union member states towards the idea of European economic integration. One important characteristic of this Lisbon Treaty is the fact that it amends at the same time two previous treaties, namely the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Communities.

Inimgeograafid aitavad Tartu linna nutikaks muuta / Rein Ahas ; intervjueerinud Merilyn Säde

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ahas, Rein, 1966-2018

2016-01-01

TÜ geograafide, Tartu linnavalitsuse, Tartu Smart City Lab-i ja Rakvere Targa Maja koostöös osaletakse Euroopa Liidu suurprojektis SmartEnCity, mis aitab Tartul energiatõhusamaks ja nutikamaks saada

Tartu on Eesti Boston / Silver Meikar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Meikar, Silver, 1978-

2007-01-01

Tartu eeldustest kujuneda hariduse, innovaatilise tootmise, pärimuskultuuri ja linnaruumi tasakaalustatud kasutamise südameks. Ettevõtluse, transpordi ja turismi arengust. Lisa: Silver Meikari Lõuna-Eesti edu top 10

Intellektika 2001 - Tartu "Teeviit" / Raivo Juurak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Juurak, Raivo

2001-01-01

16.-17. veebr. 2001 toimus Tartus haridus- ja teadusmess "Intellektika 2001", kus osales 291 hariduse ja teadusega seotud organisatsiooni. Kuna osalejate seas oli rohkesti õppeasutusi, nimetati messi ka Tartu "Teeviidaks"

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the relationship

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graham, Thomas Jr. [7609 Glenbrook Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814 (United States)

2014-05-09

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the most important international security arrangement that we have that is protecting the world community and this has been true for many years. But it did not happen by accident, it is a strategic bargain in which 184 states gave up the right forever to acquire the most powerful weapon ever created in exchange for a commitment from the five states allowed to keep nuclear weapons under the NPT (U.S., U.K., Russia, France and China), to share peaceful nuclear technology and to engage in disarmament negotiations aimed at the ultimate elimination of their nuclear stockpiles. The most important part of this is the comprehensive nuclear test ban (CTBT); the thinking by the 184 NPT non-nuclear weapon states was and is that they understand that the elimination of nuclear weapon stockpiles is a long way off, but at least the NPT nuclear weapon states could stop testing the weapons. The CTBT has been ratified by 161 states but by its terms it can only come into force if 44 nuclear potential states ratify; 36 have of the 44 have ratified it, the remaining eight include the United States and seven others, most of whom are in effect waiting for the United States. No state has tested a nuclear weapon-except for complete outlier North Korea-in 15 years. There appears to be no chance that the U.S. Senate will approve the CTBT for ratification in the foreseeable future, but the NPT may not survive without it. Perhaps it is time to consider an interim measure, for the UN Security Council to declare that any future nuclear weapon test any time, anywhere is a 'threat to peace and security', in effect a violation of international law, which in today's world it clearly would be.

Akadeemik Jevgeni Viktorovitš Tarle - Tartu Ülikooli üldajaloo professor 1913-1918 / Ljudmila Dubjeva

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Dubjeva, Ljudmila, 1954-

2006-01-01

Rahvusvaheliselt tunnustatud ajaloolase Jevgeni Tarle valimisest Tartu ülikooli professoriks 1912. Hans Kruusi meenutustest Tarlest Tartu ülikooli õppejõuna. Tartu periood oli Tarle elus suhteliselt vähemtähtis lõik. Ta lahkus Tartust 1918. aastal siirdudes Petrogradi

Surnukuurikunst elab Tartu anatoomikumis / Aigi Viira

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Viira, Aigi

1999-01-01

Vene kunstniku Aleksander Potolitsyni performance'iga avati Tartus kunstiprojekt "Tartu Anatoomikum" ئ 14 euroopa kunstniku (loetletud) installatsioonid. Projekti kuraator on Paul Rodgers. Eestit esindavad Jaan Jaanisoo, Jüri Ojaver, Annika Tonts

Challenges of Managing and Planning Peace Education and Peace ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper examined the challenges of managing and planning peace education and peace culture in Nigeria's educational system. Its presents contemporary definitions of peace education and peace culture as well as highlighted the importance of peace education and peace culture in achieving the national goals and ...

A treaty more alarming than efficient. The dismantled warheads will not be destroyed. Danger; Un traite plus inquietant qu'efficace. Les ogives demantelees ne seront pas detruites. Risque

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riche, P.; Despic-Popovic, H.; Nougayrede, N

2002-07-01

This political analysis presents the new treaty of nuclear weapons dismantling between Russia and Usa. In fact the warheads will not be completely dismantling but only stocked, leading to a possible recovery by terrorists. It underlines the real interests of this agreement which are more economic than peaceful. (A.L.B.)

Reflections at La Rabida: the responsibilities of the nuclear physicist for peace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hodgson, P.E.

1988-01-01

Atomic energy was first applied to war but it was successful in its aim of bringing about peace. Nuclear physicists have been responsible for many momentous changes in world history. Their continuing responsibility to see that the public debates on nuclear issues of both war and peace are conducted with due regard for the essential scientific facts. Attempts by nuclear scientists to influence political decisions, through Pugwash meetings and Non-Poliferation treaties are discussed in an historical context. It is concluded that the anti-nuclear activists have won the propaganda battle about nuclear power - scientists have lost the battle to convey the facts about nuclear physics and especially nuclear safety to the public. Risks from nuclear power are perceived as great whereas in fact they are very small. Wise decisions cannot be made until the facts are known. The media is saturated with false information. Those who know the facts are unable to make their voices heard. This is exceedingly dangerous for our society. (UK)

The culture of peace and peace education

Science.gov (United States)

Năstase, Adrian

1983-09-01

In the present world situation, there is an urgent need for new strategies of peace based on the common fundamental interest of mankind, rejecting the use of force, and aimed at creating a new world order. Recognising the close interrelationship between culture and peace, and the extension of international interdependencies in reducing economic disparities, emphasis must be given to developing positive attitudes to peace in the minds of all men: a qualitative change in thinking has to occur before international security can be ensured without resort to military alliances and nuclear deterrence. The dangers inherent in the arms race require that education for disarmament be an integral part of peace education. Likewise, the connections between peace and other international objectives such as development and human rights, need to be stressed. Peace education should lead not only to a greater awareness of problems but also to a sense of responsibility and an active involvement in efforts towards promoting equal rights, economic and social development, and mutual respect and understanding among nations. The power of informed public opinion, internationally, in influencing governments towards peace and disarmament should not be underestimated; therefore, greater attention in peace education needs to be given to identifying and overcoming the structural, conceptual and cultural obstacles to peace. What is being undertaken in Romania, especially amongst young people, by way of education and action for peace, reflects a coherent policy, comprises a powerful and effective educational whole, and is contributing towards the building up of an international `constituency' of peace and disarmament.

Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-07-01

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty was adopted by the General Assembly on 10 September 1996 (Res/50/245) and was open for signature by all states on 24 September 1996. It will enter into force 180 days after the date of deposit of the instruments of ratification by all states listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty. This document reproduces the text of the Treaty and the Protocol to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Protocol to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty. 4 tabs.

Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty was adopted by the General Assembly on 10 September 1996 (Res/50/245) and was open for signature by all states on 24 September 1996. It will enter into force 180 days after the date of deposit of the instruments of ratification by all states listed in Annex 2 to the Treaty. This document reproduces the text of the Treaty and the Protocol to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Protocol to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Tartu meer õigustab küsitavat maatehingut / Laine Jänes ; interv. Andrus Karnau

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jänes, Laine, 1964-

2007-01-01

Tartu linnapea vastab küsimustele, mis on seotud Tartu linnavalitsuse maadevahetuse tehinguga Reformierakonnaga seotud ettevõtjate Verni Loodmaa, Kalev Kase ja Alar Kroodo firmaga Kvintett Kinnisvara

The New START Treaty: a necessary or obsolete treaty?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekovich, Steven

2012-01-01

In a first part, the author evokes the discussions between the Republicans and the Democrats about the fact that President Obama said to President Medvedev he would have more flexibility to negotiate with Russia after the elections of 2012, whereas there is some controversy about the importance of US antimissile defence in terms of national security when Russia keeps on supporting dangerous states like Syria, North Korea and Iran. In a second part, he briefly recalls the objectives and content of the previous START treaties, outlines that START II is already obsolete, that which lead to a new approach called New START by the White House. Then, while noticing critics and evoking other treaties, he discusses the arguments for or against such a new treaty which is perceived as either only cosmetic or decisive. He comments ambiguities, ulterior motives, perceptions and strategic approaches of the different actors whether they are Russians or Americans. He finally outlines some measures of this New Treaty which may jeopardize positive expectations regarding the reduction of strategic weapons and the antimissile defence

Annetustest Tartu linnale ja ülikoolile 19. sajandil / Sirje Tamul

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamul, Sirje, 1951-

2008-01-01

1860. aastate alguses toetas Tartu teenijaskonda magistraadi juures registreeritud Pereiralegat. 1868. aasta annakud Wilhelmine Pereiralt olid määratud Tartu linnale ja ülikoolile. Wilhelmine von Pereira annetatud stipendiumikapital ja linna heakorrakapital toimisid kuni Esimese maailmasõja alguseni. Peter Šamajevi kinkeakt anti linnale üle 1865. aastal. Peter Šamajevi isikust ja tema annetusest ning sellest makstud stipendiumidest

Tartu slaidimaal : grotesk - mäng või taktika? = Tartu slide painting : grotesque - game or tactics? / Kädi Talvoja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talvoja, Kädi, 1974-

2010-01-01

Tartu slaidimaali esilekerkimine 1980. aastatel oli märk vaimsuse muutustest, avangardile orienteeritud kunstipildi lõhenemisest. See oli eelkõige jutustava elemendiga anekdootlik süžeekunst, mis kasutas sümbolväärstust omavaid kujundeid ja nende absurdset koosmõju vastulausena nende kohta käivale kriitikale, nagu seda Ilmar Kruusamäe "Tühi Liivrand" või "Pühendusega (Ants Juskele)" või Miljard Kilgi "1/2 tundi enne maali alustamist". Vastuseis nõukogude võimule seisnes ka head lääne elu sümboliseerivate moekaupadega epateerimises ja ühtlasi ka neid pilavates absurdinaljades. Ka Tartu ja Tallinna hüperrealismi laine vastuoludest

Agreement of 17 February 1989 between the United States of America and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-05-01

The document reproduces the full text of the Agreement of 17 February 1989 between the United States of America and the Agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty) on all source or special fissionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within United States Protocol I Territories for the exclusive purpose of verifying that such material is not diverted to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices

Treffneri hoone pälvis Tartu aasta teo tiitli / Priit Rajalo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rajalo, Priit, 1975-

2002-01-01

Viiendat korda välja antud Tartu aasta teo konkursi aunimetuse pälvis tänavu Huga Treffneri gümnaasiumi renoveeritud hoone, sümboliseerides vajadust anda rohkem raha haridusele. Tartu linnapea Andrus Ansipi sõnul kuulub see hoone praegu Euroopa kümne parima gümnaasiumihoone hulka

Peaceful uses of nuclear weapon plutonium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burtak, F.

1996-01-01

In 1993, the U.S.A. and the CIS signed Start 2 (the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) in which they committed themselves the reduce their nuclear weapon arsenals to a fraction of that of 1991. For forty-five years the antagonism between the superpowers had been a dominating factor in world history, determining large areas of social life. When Start 2 will have been completed in 2003, some 200 t of weapon grade plutonium and some 2000 t of highly enriched uranium (Heu) will arise from dismantling nuclear weapons. In the absence of the ideological ballast of the debate about Communism versus Capitalism of the past few decades there is a chance of the grave worldwide problem of safe disposal and utilization of this former nuclear weapon material being solved. Under the heading of 'swords turned into plowshares', plutonium and uranium could be used for peaceful electricity generation. (orig.) [de

Manhattanilt Tartu tahahoovi / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2008-01-01

Tutvustus: Dos Passos, John. Manhattan Transfer / tlk. Olavi Teppan. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Betti Alver : usutlused. Kirjad. Päevikukatked. Mälestused / koostanud ja toimetanud Kristi Metste, Enn Lillemets. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Artur Alliksaar mälestustes / koostanud Henn-Kaarel Hellat. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2007. Ka kirjastusest Ilmamaa

Tartu as the Eastern Outpost of European Medicine in the First Half of the 17th Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kaarina Rein

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The history of medicine in Tartu begins with medieval monastic Church, which were probably founded in the middle of the 13th century. The physician who arrived from Tallinn. Up to the beginning of the 17th century, the owners of the pharmacy were the only representatives of academic medicine in Tartu. Academic medical education in Tartu had its beginnings with the academic gymnasium founded in 1630 and the university founded in 1632. One of the three higher faculties at the University of Tartu at that time was the Faculty of Medicine. It was planned to have two professorships, although in reality only one professor of medicine was employed. The model of the University of Paris demanded that all “proper” universities must have a medical faculty. There were very few students studying at the Faculty of Medicine in Tartu in the 17th century. Only two names—David Cunitius and Olaus Oestenius—could be mentioned from among those who studied medicine at Academia Gustaviana and were later active as physicians. There were also students who studied in some other faculty in Tartu and However, the Swedish University of Tartu can be considered an important centre of early modern medical thought in the Eastern Europe. The article tries to give some idea about the medical situation in Tartu before the founding of the University of Tartu and during its early period of existence. The task is to investigate whether the academic medicine of the th century has introduced any changes into the history of medicine of Tartu.

Museums for Peace: Agents and Instruments of Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Tamashiro, Roy; Furnari, Ellen

2015-01-01

Although museums for peace claim peace education to be a primary mission, their definitions of "peace" and their aims and practices for peace education vary widely. In this article, we draw from the field of critical museology and the knowledge construction perspective to understand the role of museums for peace in the service of peace…

Tartu Ülikooli Narva Kolledž = Narva College of the University of Tartu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2015-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli Narva Kolledž Raekoja plats 2, valminud 2012. Eesti kultuurkapitali aastapreemia 2013. Arhitektid Siiri Vallner, Katrin Koov, Indrek Peil (Kavakava), kaasautorid Heidi Urb, Andro Mänd, Sten-Mark Mändmaa, Maarja Tüür, sisearhitekt Hannes Praks. Kaasa töötasid Kadri Tamme, Kristjan Holm, Liisi Murula, Toomas Pääsuke, Ahti Grünberg, Daniel Marius Reisser, Helen Sarapuu

Wilde'i suvenäitus Tartu kuurordis = Wilde's summer exhibition at the Tartu resort / Indrek Grigor

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Grigor, Indrek, 1981-

2015-01-01

Kunstniketrio Kristiina Hansen, Sigrid Viir ja Johannes Säre ühisnäitus "Bussijaamas lõdisev Kim Wilde ümiseb..." Tartu Kunstimaja monumentaalgaleriis. Tõmmatakse paralleele eelmisel aastal Haapsalu Linnagaleriis toimunud samade autorite näitusega "Pjotr Iljitš Tšaikovski kohtub päikesetõusul..."

Kuusalu vallavanem Herko Sunts otsustas kandideerida Tartu maavanemaks / Herko Sunts ; interv. Ülle Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sunts, Herko

2004-01-01

Kuusalu vallavanem põhjendab kandideerimist Tartu maavanemaks ja annab hinnangu oma tööle vallavanemana. Kommentaar Kuusalu vallavolikogu esimehelt Kalmer Märtsonilt. Vt. samas: Tartu maavanema kandidaadid

Tartu rahulepingu juriidilised aspektid Eesti-Vene suhetes : [bakalaureusetöö] / Madli Välja ; Akadeemia Nord, õigusteaduskond ; juhendaja: Igor Gräzin

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Välja, Madli

2001-01-01

Tartu rahulepingu sõlmimise ajalooline tagapõhi, Tartu rahuleping 2. 02. 1920. a., Molotov-Ribbentropi pakt 1939.a., suveräänsusdeklaratsioon 16. 11. 1988. a., Tartu rahulepingu kehtivus, rahvusvahelise õiguse hinnang Tartu rahuleppele, Tartu rahuleping kui Eesti riikliku järjepidevuse alus ja selle roll Eesti liitumisel NATO-ga

K. Linda Kivi autoriõhtu Tartu College´is / Eda Sepp ; fotod: Eda Sepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sepp, Eda

2006-01-01

19. jaanuaril 2006, Linda Kivi kolmanda raamatu "The Inner Green: Exploring Home in the Columbia Mountains" raamatuesitlusest. Korraldajateks Toronto Ülikooli Eesti Õppetool, Tartu Instituut, Tartu College´i laenuraamatukogu

On critical art and art criticism in Tartu, sept 2010 / Jaak Tomberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tomberg, Jaak, 1980-

2010-01-01

Kaisa Eiche ja Rael Arteli korraldatud Tartu kaasaegse kunsti festivalist (kunstikuust) ja nende koostatud trükisest "ART IST KUKU NU UT 2010". Festivali raames oli Y-galeriis avatud Rael Arteli kureeritud rahvusvaheline näitus "Lisa 6. Nähtamatu käe poliitika". 2. Artishoki biennaalist Tartu Kunstimajas, kuraator Kati Ilves

Vabastajad või vallutajad? Siseasjade Rahvakomissariaadi Tartu Linnaosakonna tegevusest 1944. aastal / Pearu Kuusk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuusk, Pearu, 1974-

2008-01-01

Tartu linnas ja maakonnas rinde üleliikumise järel valitsenud olukorrast 1944. aastal : opratiivgruppide moodustamisest, SARK-i Tartu osakonna tegevuse algusest, elanikkonna registreerimisest, operatiiv-agentuurtöö käivitamisest, arreteerimistest, sõjaväelaste omavolist ja marodöörlusest

Peace Education in Secondary Schools: A Strategic Tool for Peace Building and Peace Culture in Nigeria

Science.gov (United States)

Ubogu, Rowell

2016-01-01

The paper discusses Peace Education as Strategic Tool for Peace Building and Peace Culture in Nigeria. This was prompted by the inherent incompatibility between the objectives of individuals, ethnic/social groups in Nigeria. The research question addresses Normative and Ethical issues regarding peace, the absence of violence/hostility and its…

Outlook to nonproliferation activities in the world and cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy among turkish speaking countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Birsen, N.

2002-01-01

Turkmenistan for establishment of bilateral and multilateral scientific and technical cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy and signed protocols with Academy of Science of Azerbaijan, Nuclear Physics Institute of Kazakhstan, National Academy of Science of Kyrgyzstan and Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Science. These protocols enable parties to organize joint projects, conferences, seminars, training programs, establish laboratories for the joint studies and make joint efforts to seek support from their governments and international organizations for these activities. Also, an executive committee has been set up with delegates from each organization under TAEK that also provides the secretarial service for organizing the joint activities. The joint activities carried out are given as follows: '1st Eurasia Conference on Nuclear Science and Its Applications' organized in Turkey on 23-27.10. 2000 by TAEK with co organizers from the related organizations of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and sponsored by IAEA and OECD/NEA, '2nd Eurasia Conference' organized at Almaty on 16-19.09.2002 by Nuclear Physics Institute of Kazakhstan with the related organizations of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan as co organizers, NATO Workshop on Environmental Protection Against Radioactive Pollution by Turkish Atomic Energy Authority and Nuclear Physics Institute of Kazakhstan at Almaty on 16-19.09.2002, joint 'Eurasia Nuclear Bulletin' covering activities in peaceful uses of nuclear energy in these countries published in August 2002. Turkey supports the non-proliferation activities that do not prevent the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and in this respect as signed Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Cabot). Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have also signed these Treaties following their independence and, except Kyrgyzstan, have become members to IAEA

Language of Peace in the Peaceful Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Stomfay-Stitz, Aline; Wheeler, Edyth

2006-01-01

For the past 30 years, peace educators have drawn attention to the vital role of language--the caring, creative words that describe and enhance peace. The language of peace has evolved through several stages of growth and complexity. It also offers a heritage of caring and acceptance for all children who enter through educators' classroom doors.…

Treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

The Treaty of Tlatelolco enhances the security of the countries of the region by reducing the risk of a nuclear-arms race among them, with all the danger and cost that it would entail, and, as a contribution to the world-wide nuclear non-proliferation regime, it constitutes an important confidence-building measure by ensuring, through its control and verification system, that parties to the Treaty do not posses and will not acquire nuclear weapons. List of parties to the Treaty of Tlatelolco as of 31 July 1989: Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil (not full party), Chile (not full party), Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. (Argentina and Dominica have signed the Treaty)

The policy of latent proliferation. Military use of ''peaceful'' nuclear engineering in Western Europe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kollert, R.

1994-01-01

The booklet contains five case studies on the planning and carrying out of (latent) 'atomic weapons' programmes and civil-military reactor construction in Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Sweden and Spain; an analysis of the aims and implementation of the American 'Atom-for-Peace' policy, based on secret documents of the national security council of the United States; a study of the foreign policy-military motives of the Federal German atomic export policy during the tug-of-war for the non-proliferation treaty; an introduction into the history of nuclear proliferation; a scientific-technological appendix of atomic explosives and their production. (orig.) [de

The Euratom Treaty v. Treaties of the European Union: limits of competence and interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ptasekaite, Rasa

2011-07-01

The main aim of this research was to analyse the interaction between the Euratom Treaty and the TFEU in certain specific fields - environmental nuclear liability, transport of radioactive substances and common market (free movement of goods, competition law and state aid). However, before doing that, certain introduction to regulation of the Euratom Treaty, its special features and the changes made by the Lisbon Treaty seemed beneficial. Therefore, the research consists of two parts - the introduction to the Euratom Treaty and the assessment of the relation between the Euratom Treaty and the TFEU in the areas mentioned above. The conclusions related to each of the areas are presented in the end of each chapter while the general conclusions of the research are provided in the end. The literature used in the research include legislative and non-legislative acts of the Euratom Community and the European Union, Judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, publications of various researchers and internet resources

The Euratom Treaty v. Treaties of the European Union: limits of competence and interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ptasekaite, Rasa

2011-07-15

The main aim of this research was to analyse the interaction between the Euratom Treaty and the TFEU in certain specific fields - environmental nuclear liability, transport of radioactive substances and common market (free movement of goods, competition law and state aid). However, before doing that, certain introduction to regulation of the Euratom Treaty, its special features and the changes made by the Lisbon Treaty seemed beneficial. Therefore, the research consists of two parts - the introduction to the Euratom Treaty and the assessment of the relation between the Euratom Treaty and the TFEU in the areas mentioned above. The conclusions related to each of the areas are presented in the end of each chapter while the general conclusions of the research are provided in the end. The literature used in the research include legislative and non-legislative acts of the Euratom Community and the European Union, Judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union, publications of various researchers and internet resources.

Peaceful use agenda at the 2015 NPT review conference. Reaffirming grand bargain and north-south agenda

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akiyama, Nobumasa

2016-01-01

The 2015 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference was judged as having two highlights: one was that the conflict between the United States and Middle East on the 'Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction' brought about a failure in the adoption of the final document, and the other was that the discussions over nuclear disarmament livened up in the climax of debate over the inhumanity of nuclear arms. On the other hand, among the first NPT Review Conference after the Fukushima nuclear accident, the peaceful uses of nuclear energy did not attract a great attention. However, the importance of the structure of Grand Bargain' among the three pillars of NPT such as nuclear disarmament, nuclear non-proliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy was once again recognized. In addition, it was shown that the peaceful uses in the non-power generation field is important from the viewpoint of maintaining the involvement in NPT of the countries that do not necessarily use a large-scale of nuclear energy, such as developing countries. In the future, the importance of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy will increase from the viewpoints of its relationship between the development field and the equality between the developing and developed countries. (A.O.)

Ethical principles in international nuclear trade and the role of international treaties and agreements in their implementation. Reflections on the future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavalanti, C. de A.

1992-01-01

The growing importance of nuclear energy (on the threshold of the twenty-first century) and of its ethical uses is considered, including major political events in recent years, their social and economic consequences in the world scene. International Nuclear Law is seen as the most adequate instrument to promote the ethical uses of nuclear energy on a worldwide basis, so that mankind can benefit safely and properly and improving their living conditions in general. Problems associated with access to nuclear technology, plants, equipments and materials are addressed. Basic principles of international agreements ruling nuclear trade, ethical aspects are also covered. The different markets involved in international nuclear trade and their specific requirements are described. Certain international treaties on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy are discussed such as the Non-Proliferation Treaty and the Tlatelolco Treaty as are international conventions on matters related to the use of nuclear energy, such as the environment and protection of personnel. The author concludes by debating whether ethical uses of nuclear energy are a possible reality or merely utopia. Prospects on the future of international nuclear trade are considered. (author)

Tartu noored akordionistid tegid Prantsusmaal ilma / Endel Jukk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jukk, Endel

2004-01-01

36. noorte akordionistide konkursil Pariisi eeslinnas Argenteuil'is saavutas karika Tambet Anja Elleri nim. Tartu Muusikakoolist (õpetaja Uno Arro) ja kuldmedali Liis Jõgar Luunjast (õpetaja Lehte Anja)

Tartu kirikuid ja kogudusi aegade kestel / Richard Koolmeister

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koolmeister, Richard

1980-01-01

Tartu kirikute ehituslugu alates 11. saj. Viiteid kroonikatele (Vene letopissid, Läti Henriku kroonika). Pikemalt juttu 13. saj. ehitatud Toomakirikust, Maria, Peetri, Pauluse ja Jaani kirikust. Ka kloostrikirikutest

Outlook on non-proliferation activities in the world and cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy among Turkish speaking countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Birsen, N.

2002-01-01

establishment of bilateral and multilateral scientific and technical cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy and signed protocols with Academy of Science of Azerbaijan, Nuclear Physics Institute of Kazakhstan, National Academy of Science of Kyrgyzstan and Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Science. These protocols enable parties to organize join projects, conferences, seminars, training programs, establish laboratories for the join studies and make join efforts to seek support from their governments and international organizations for these activities. Also, an executive committee has been set up with delegates from each organization under TAEK that also provides the secretarial service for organizing the joint activities. The joint activities carried out are given as follows: '1st Eurasia Conference of Nuclear Science and its Application' organized in Turkey on 23-27 October 2000 by TAEK with co-organizers from the related organizations of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan and sponsored by IAEA and OECD/NEA; '2nd Eurasia Conference of Nuclear Science and its Application' will be organized at Almaty on 16-19 September 2002 by Nuclear Physics Institute of National Nuclear Center of Kazakhstan with the related organizations of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan as co-organizers; joint E urasia Nuclear Bulletin' covering activities in peaceful uses of nuclear energy in these countries will be published in mid 2002. Turkey supports the non-proliferation activities that do not prevent the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and in this respect as signed Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty (CTBT). Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have also signed these treaties following their independence and, except Kyrgyzstan, have become members to IAEA

Armastusest ja ebausust Tartu Toomkirikus / Katre Väli

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Väli, Katre

2007-01-01

13. juulil esietendus Emajõe Suveteatris "Jumalaema kiriku kellamees". Victor Hugo romaani järgi tegi instseneeringu Urmas Lennuk, lavastaja Andres Dvinjaninov, kujundus Iir Hermeliinilt. Mängitakse Tartu Toomkiriku varemetes

Tartu Ülikool esitleb juubelialbumit ja dokumentaalfilmi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli 375. aastapäeva puhul esitletakse ülikooli kohvikus kinkeraamatut "Universitas Tartuensis 375" ja samanimelise dokumentaalfilmi DVD-d. Viimase stsenaristideks on Jaak Lõhmus ja Lauri Vahtre, režissöörideks Rene Vilbre ja Märten Vaher

"Tartu Athena" tarib viimase hetke majja kunsti / Aigi Viira

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Viira, Aigi

1999-01-01

Kunstiprojekt ("Vana Athena" muudeti "Vanaks Anatoomikumiks") Tartu Vanas Anatoomikumis. Kuraator Paul Rodgers. Osalejad Inglismaalt, Soomest, Saksamaalt, Leedust, Rumeeniast, Venemaalt, Šveitsist, Eestist

The Truth Unveiled: An Inquiry into the Reasons for a Lack of US Military Readiness for World War II

Science.gov (United States)

2016-04-07

did not accept the World Court jurisdiction until 1935, and never ratified the treaty.133 Coolidge signed the popular Kellogg - Briand Peace Pact to...approved with an eighty- five to one vote to ratify the Kellogg -Briand Peace Pact.135 Sixty-two nations ultimately signed the treaty, and Kellogg received...the Nobel Peace Prize for his part in it.136 Notably, Germany, Italy, and Japan all signed the treaty.137 According to Kellogg , Coolidge ultimately

The European Energy Charter Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boege, U.

1995-01-01

The scope of the treaty is highlighted. The treaty consists of a preamble and 50 articles and is divided into 8 parts and supplemented with 14 annexes. The parts of the treaty deal with the following: (i) definitions and purpose of the treaty; (ii) general topics such as trading, competition, transit, technology transfer and access to capital markets; (iii) support and protection of investments; (iv) list of regulations; (v) resolution of disputes; (vi) provisional clauses governing trade with GATT non-member states; (vii) structural and institutional provisions concerning the execution and function of the protocol, tasks of the Charter conference and secretariat including their equipment, rules of conduct and financing; and (viii) final provisions. (J.B.)

Peace and Conflict in Zimbabwe – A Call for Peace Education (A ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Developments in peace studies and peace theory have resulted in two conceptualizations of peace, notably, 'negative / cold' peace and 'positive / hot / stable' peace, respectively. It can be surmised that situations and conditions in most countries internationally and Zimbabwe in particular, seem consistent with negative ...

Teoloogiatudengite meditsiiniteemalised oratsioonid Tartu Academia Gustavianas / Kaarina Rein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rein, Kaarina

2010-01-01

Tartu ülikooli esimese meditsiiniprofessori Johannes Belowi professuurist Academia Gustavianas (1632-1642) ning sel ajal peetud kahest interdistsiplinaarsest oratsioonist meditsiini ja teoloogia vallas, mis on esimesteks meditsiinialasteks töödeks Academia Gustavianas

UK ignores treaty obligations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roche, P.

1995-01-01

A detailed critique is offered of United Kingdom (UK) political policy with respect to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, an interim agreement valid while nuclear disarmament was supposed to occur, by a representative of Greenpeace, the anti-nuclear campaigning group. The author argues that the civil and military nuclear programmes are still firmly linked, and emphasises his opinions by quoting examples of how UK politicians have broken treaty obligations in order to pursue their own political, and in some cases financial, goals. It is argued that the treaty has failed to force nuclear countries to disarm because of its promoted civil nuclear power programmes. (U.K.)

Tartu keemiafirma kolimine Jõgevamaale viibib / Väinu Rozental

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rozental, Väinu, 1957-

2004-01-01

Mayeri Industries juhid Imre Freiberg ja Peeter Laurson selgitavad, miks pole ettevõte lubatud tähtajaks tootmist Tartust Tabiverre üle viinud. Lisa: Tartu Florast sai Mayeri Industries. Diagramm: Mayeri prognoosib kasumi kahekordistumist

Experience in CCD Photometry at the Tartu Observatory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tuvikene T.

2003-12-01

Full Text Available We give overview of the CCD instrumentation and data reduction techniques used at the Tartu Observatory. The first results from photometric observations of the peculiar variable V838 Mon are presented.

1. V kell 19 algab Tartu Sadamateatris...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Tartu Kõrgema Kunstikooli tekstiiliosakonna korraldatud üritus "Projekt: Mood-Performance-Tants". Esineb Viljandi Kultuuriakadeemia tantsutrupp Jaanika Müürsepa juhendamisel. Baby Universali moeetendusel esinevad Maru, Kätlin Kängsepp, Liisi Eesmaa, Jaanika Terasmaa, Ieva Veita, Ilze Adumane jt. Muusikat teevad Kiwa, King-Bit, Fabrique jt.

Smoking differences between university faculties in Tartu, Estonia, and Oulu, Finland, after the disruption of communism.

Science.gov (United States)

Heikkinen, Rauno; Kivastik, Jana; Kingisepp, Peet-Henn; Hirvonen, Leo; Näyhä, Simo

2006-01-01

To provide information on smoking differences between university faculties. Data from smoking surveys performed on 1,441 staff members and 2,308 students at the University of Tartu, Estonia, soon after the fall of communism, were analysed by faculties, using similar data from the University of Oulu, Finland (1,830 staff members, 5,947 students) for reference. Wide variations in smoking were found between faculties in Tartu, the prevalence being high among male students of theology (54%) and low among staff and students in the faculties of exercise & sports sciences (< 5%) and mathematics (< 15%). Less variation was seen in Oulu. The medical faculty showed low smoking rates in Oulu but not in Tartu. High percentages of smokers were typical of Tartu faculties representing disciplines closely connected with the country's transition (e.g. theology), and low percentages in faculties emphasising physical and mental performance (e.g. sports). The relatively high percentage of smokers in the Tartu medical faculty compared with that in Oulu can be interpreted as delayed diffusion of medical information beyond the former Iron Curtain.

Analyzing Peace Pedagogies

Science.gov (United States)

Haavelsrud, Magnus; Stenberg, Oddbjorn

2012-01-01

Eleven articles on peace education published in the first volume of the Journal of Peace Education are analyzed. This selection comprises peace education programs that have been planned or carried out in different contexts. In analyzing peace pedagogies as proposed in the 11 contributions, we have chosen network analysis as our method--enabling…

Building a Peaceful Society: Creative Integration of Peace Education. Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Finley, Laura

2011-01-01

To truly move toward a more peaceful society, it is imperative that peace education better address structural and institutional violence. This requires that it be integrated into institutions outside of schools and universities. Doing so will be challenging, as many of these institutions are structured on domination and control, not on partnership…

19. IV avati EKA galeriis Tartu noore maali näitus "9 elu"

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Autorid Jaan-Jürgen Klaus, Margus Liivak, Kaie Luik, Eda Lõhmus, Rauno Th. Moss, Maris Palgi, Jane Remm, Hando Tamm ja Ode Taul on Tartu Ülikooli maaliosakonna 2000-2003 lõpetanud või 2004 lõpetavad noored kunstnikud. 20. IV seminaril "Üle ja ümber Tartu noore maali" esinesid Anu Allas, Rauno Th. Moss, Evelyn Müürsepp

Virtual Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Firer, Ruth

2008-01-01

This article is based on the convictions that peace education is the basis for any sustainable non-violent relations between parties in a conflict, and that virtual peace education is almost the only feasible way to practise peace education in an open violent conflict as is the current Israeli/Palestinians one. Moreover, virtual peace education…

Jumalaema kiriku kellamees tuli Tartu Toome varemetesse / Andres Laasik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016

2007-01-01

13. juulil esietendus Emajõe Suveteatris "Jumalaema kiriku kellamees". Victor Hugo romaani järgi tegi instseneeringu Urmas Lennuk, lavastaja Andres Dvinjaninov. Mängitakse Tartu Toomkiriku varemetes

Peaceful nuclear development and the three 'S' ('Safety', 'Security' and 'Safeguards')

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Julio Gonzalez, Abel; Abel Gonzalez, Martin

2010-01-01

We should agree on a comprehensive solution for a commensurate international control of both nuclear and radioactive material designed to ensure that peaceful nuclear developments will not cause harm to humanity. The concept of an international security system is clouded by the confusing semantics of its parts: the English concepts 'safeguards', 'safety' and 'security', on one hand, and nuclear and radioactive materials on the other hand. The objectives should be: to ensure, through appropriate safeguards, that nuclear materials are not diverted to non-peaceful activities; to prevent, through appropriate security, the unauthorized possession or use, illegal or malicious, of nuclear and radioactive materials; and, to ensure, through appropriate safety, that the use of nuclear and radioactive material will not cause harm to people and the environment. Security must be understood as an integral part of safeguards and safety, because materials that are secure are not necessarily safeguarded or safe, and materials may not be safeguarded or safe unless they are secure. Security is a necessary but not sufficient condition for safeguards and safety; security is an important but subsidiary condition of safeguards and safety; security is necessary but not sufficient to ensure nuclear control via safeguards and safety. In conclusion an International Treaty for the Control ('safeguards', 'safety' and 'security') of the Peaceful Development of Nuclear Energy and its Byproducts is proposed. It should clearly regulate the obligations and (non-compliance) penalties of the Parties, and, based on existing agreements, should be clear, logical, rational, fundamental, methodical, systematic, universal, equitable, impartial, fair and non discriminatory. (author)

Tänavune Nobeli meditsiinipreemia puudutab Tartu Ülikooli

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Tänavune Nobeli füsioloogia ja meditsiinipreemia määrati Austraalia teadlastele, kes 1982. a. avastasid maos uue bakteri Helicobacter pylori. Tartu Ülikoolis on Helicobacter pylori infektsiooniga seotud teemadel kaitstud 15 meditsiinidoktori väitekirja

Väike teatmik (Tartu paranoiakriitilise risoomi kohta / A Small Guide to the (Tartu Paranoiac-Critical Rhizome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aare Pilv

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The paper gives an overview of a network of authors who have been active since the end of the 20th century, mainly (but not only in Tartu. They can be characterized as having an experimental attitude and maintaining distance from the literary mainstream, but at the same time they do not try to be consciously polemical or novatory, because partly they repeat the techniques of the 20th century avant-garde and, what is maybe more important, they sidestep the dialectics of innovating or altering the literary canon. The network is not strictly organized; it is rather a rhizome that has some denser nodes (literary journals and mailing lists. There have been different attempts to name the phenomenon: Tartu avant-garde, microcosmic literature, cognitive realism, Y-literature, "eksp" and so on. I have chosen "paranoiac-critique" as the term that best captures the common characteristics of these authors and their artistic practices (some of the authors are active not only as text writers, but also as conceptual artists.The paper then gives a list, with commentary, of the most important groups and individuals of that movement. In the role of "predecessors" are the group 14NÜ (Paavo Matsin, Mait Laas, Marianne Ravi et al., which also experimented with the format of the book, and a company in Tartu that developed a specific actionist stylistics called "mugiv" (Marko Kompus, Mehis Heinsaar, Martiini, Kaspar et al.. The sovereign figure in the experimental network is Valdur Mikita, who has also academically researched the problems of creativity; he is also a theoretician and metapoet. An important institution for the network has been the literary journal Vihik (initiator Berk Vaher; the later editor of the journal Jaak Tomberg has also participated in activities of the Tartu Theatre Laboratory (managed by Andreas W, which has experimented with "technological theatre". In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century the network has gathered around the

Tartu Ülikooli füüsikahoone juurdeehitis on ohus / Mirko Ojakivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojakivi, Mirko

2009-01-01

2009. a. novembri alguses valis žürii Tartu Ülikooli füüsikahoone juurdeehitise arhitektuurikonkursi võidutöödena välja tööd "Das Model" (arhitektid Juhan Rohtla, Koit Ojaliiv, Joel Kopli, Indrek Allmann), "Admiral" ja "Lükat" (mõlema töö arhitektid Ott Kadarik ja Villem Tomiste). Tartu linnavalitsus ei saa maavaidluste tõttu aadressile Riia mnt. 142 väljastada ehitusluba ja juurdeehitise asukoht võib muutuda

Nobel peace speech

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joshua FRYE

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The Nobel Peace Prize has long been considered the premier peace prize in the world. According to Geir Lundestad, Secretary of the Nobel Committee, of the 300 some peace prizes awarded worldwide, “none is in any way as well known and as highly respected as the Nobel Peace Prize” (Lundestad, 2001. Nobel peace speech is a unique and significant international site of public discourse committed to articulating the universal grammar of peace. Spanning over 100 years of sociopolitical history on the world stage, Nobel Peace Laureates richly represent an important cross-section of domestic and international issues increasingly germane to many publics. Communication scholars’ interest in this rhetorical genre has increased in the past decade. Yet, the norm has been to analyze a single speech artifact from a prestigious or controversial winner rather than examine the collection of speeches for generic commonalities of import. In this essay, we analyze the discourse of Nobel peace speech inductively and argue that the organizing principle of the Nobel peace speech genre is the repetitive form of normative liberal principles and values that function as rhetorical topoi. These topoi include freedom and justice and appeal to the inviolable, inborn right of human beings to exercise certain political and civil liberties and the expectation of equality of protection from totalitarian and tyrannical abuses. The significance of this essay to contemporary communication theory is to expand our theoretical understanding of rhetoric’s role in the maintenance and development of an international and cross-cultural vocabulary for the grammar of peace.

Tartu koolkond ajakirjade kujundajana 1930-1940 / Merle Talvik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talvik, Merle, 1971-

2006-01-01

Õppesüsteemist ja graafika õpetamisest Pallase Kõrgemas Kunstikoolis. Tartu kunstnikud ajakirjade kujundajana: Nikolai Triik, Ernst Kollom, Arkadio Laigu, Natalie Mei, Ado Vabbe, Ott Kangilaski, Hando Mugasto, Eduard Wiiralt, Peet Aren, Jaan Vahtra, Rudolf Paris, Agu Peerna jt

Saku ja Tartu õlletehased kasvatasid turuosa / Kadri Masing

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Masing, Kadri

2005-01-01

AS Saku Õlletehas on aastaga kasvatanud turuosa 41,4%-lt 44,6 protsendile ning AS A.Le Coq Tartu Õlletehas 34-lt 35,6 protsendile. Väiksemate tootjate turuosad on langenud. Diagramm: Kaks suurt võtavad turu

The Emergence of Denmark’s Tax Treaty Network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Peter Koerver

2018-01-01

This contribution analyzes the origin and creation of Denmark’s tax treaty network in a historical perspective. The development of the Danish treaty network is studied through an international perspective and by discussing a number of milestone events. It is concluded that the general tendency has...... pointed toward a continuously growing Danish treaty network and also that the question on abuse of the treaties has become of greater concern during the past decades. Moreover, it is argued that the growing number and importance of Denmark’s tax treaties over time created a need for the Danish parliament...... to be more directly involved in the conclusion of new tax treaties...

International education for peace in higher education : promoting cultures of peace in Japan

OpenAIRE

中村, 耕二; Koji, Nakamura

2006-01-01

The kernel of international education is to create peace-loving citizens capable of participating in building a peaceful and sustainable society. Integrated and systematic education for peace can achieve a shared culture of peace. In the new millennium, as the world has become increasingly interdependent and interactive, peace education seeks to harness the power and intellect of future generations in the hope of building a sustainable culture of peace together. International education for pe...

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Platt, A.

1991-01-01

This paper reports that in late May 1972 former President Richard M. Nixon went to Moscow and signed, among other documents, a Treaty to Limit Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Systems. Under this agreement, both the United States and the Soviet Union made a commitment not to build nationwide ABM defenses against the other's intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles. They agreed to limit ABM deployments to a maximum of two sites, with no more than 100 launchers per site. Thirteen of the treaty's sixteen articles are intended to prevent any deviation from this. In addition, a joint Standing Consultative Commission to monitor compliance was created. National technical means --- sophisticated monitoring devices on land, sea, and in space --- were to be the primary instruments used to monitor compliance with the treaty. The ABM Treaty was signed in conjunction with an Interim Agreement to Limit Strategic Offensive Arms

Peace through Institutions: Woodrow Wilson and the Paris Peace Conference

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burak Küntay

2014-12-01

Full Text Available As we approach the centennial of World War I, it is fitting to undertake a retrospective, academic review of the institutions devised in the war’s aftermath. The efforts to build and sustain a global order ensuring peace and cooperation in the international community - which ultimately failed with the beginning of a Second World War—constitute telling and timely lessons for world politics today. This paper looks critically at America’s role in World War I, diplomatic talks preceding the signature of the treaty of Versailles, and domestic and international reactions to President Woodrow Wilson’s signature idealism.The paper begins with a historical overview of how World War I began in Europe in an effort to contextualize the entrance of the United States in 1917, two and a half years after the war began. Since Woodrow Wilson originally promoted American neutrality, and U.S. public opinion had mostly favored isolationism until World War I, Wilson’s presidency represents a historic shift in American foreign policy to interventionism and eventually, its post-Cold War “global policeman” status. Assessing the main actors of WWI and America’s role in it serves to frame Woodrow Wilson’s asymmetrical reception within his own country. In the U.S., Wilson’s foreign affairs record is characterized by his intervention in Mexico, his original attempt to remain uninvolved in Europe’s war, and his failed attempt to keep peace after the war. Wilson garnered domestic support for U.S. entrance with his call to “make the world safe for democracy.” Using such overt idealistic rhetoric in the foreign policymaking decision process was novel at the time, but sounds all too familiar today. Post-WWI, Wilson’s fight with Congress and the U.S. not entering into the League of Nations resembles rifts between U.S. administrations and their Congresses in recent times, and it arguably indirectly contributed to the occurrence of the World War II. As U

Pallas näitab teed Tartu skulptuurile / Ahti Seppet

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Seppet, Ahti, 1953-

2006-01-01

Näitus "Pallase skulptuur" Tartu Kunstimuuseumis. Eksponeeritakse Ferdi Sannamehe, Eduard Wiiralti, Johannes Hirve, August Vommi, Martin Saksa, Roman Timotheuse, Herman Halliste, Lydia Laasi, Alfred Leiuse, Enn Roosi jt. kunstnike töid

Population Transplant From Adana After Peace Operations Carried Out In Cyprus (1975-1976

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erdem ÇANAK

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Ottoman Empire ruled Cyprus between the years 1571-1878, in 1878 with Treaty of Lausanne was officially passed to England temporarily. Greeks who want to take advantage of this situation, gave fresh impetus to activities for“Enosis” . This process which led to the struggle for existence of Turks in the island and has resulted Peace Operation in 1974. However, Turks emigrated to different parts of the world, mainly toTurkey due to the pressure that they are exposed in the period leading up to the Peace Operation. Therefore, after the operation, Turkish control of the labor needed to eliminate the deficit for the processing of the soil and the new government in order to ensure the economic development of the population of Turkey was carried transplant candidates. “Agricultural labor” the province’s population transfer carried out of Adana. In this regard all farmers from Adana, 1.480 men in 531 households, 1.287’s including women 2.767 people were resettled on the island. In this study, after the operation settlement the process with the transplant population of immigrants from Adana has been discussed.

Predatory peace

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Christian

2018-01-01

The end of the civil war in Aceh brought peace, but it has been of a predatory nature. As a moment of rupture, the peace revealed interests, powers and dynamics, and it offered an opportunity for their reconfiguration. When unrest ceased, old agrarian conflicts between smallholders and planters r....... The study is based on fieldwork in areas where current land conflicts are played out, as well as on secondary sources.......The end of the civil war in Aceh brought peace, but it has been of a predatory nature. As a moment of rupture, the peace revealed interests, powers and dynamics, and it offered an opportunity for their reconfiguration. When unrest ceased, old agrarian conflicts between smallholders and planters...

Predatory peace

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Christian

2017-01-01

The end of the civil war in Aceh brought peace, but it has been of a predatory nature. As a moment of rupture, the peace revealed interests, powers and dynamics, and it offered an opportunity for their reconfiguration. When unrest ceased, old agrarian conflicts between smallholders and planters r....... The study is based on fieldwork in areas where current land conflicts are played out, as well as on secondary sources.......The end of the civil war in Aceh brought peace, but it has been of a predatory nature. As a moment of rupture, the peace revealed interests, powers and dynamics, and it offered an opportunity for their reconfiguration. When unrest ceased, old agrarian conflicts between smallholders and planters...

The Promotion of Peace Education through Guides in Peace Museums. A Case Study of the Kyoto Museum for World Peace, Ritsumeikan University

Science.gov (United States)

Tanigawa, Yoshiko

2015-01-01

This paper focuses on how peace education at a peace museum is promoted by a volunteer guide service for visitors. Peace museums are places where many materials related to war and peace history are on display. To support the learning experience of museum visitors, many peace museums in Japan provide a volunteer guide service. The Kyoto Museum for…

Archaeological investigations at Lossi 15, Tartu / Andes Tvauri

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tvauri, Andres, 1970-

2009-01-01

Arheoloogilised eeluuringud toimusid seoses Tartu Muusikakooli juurdeehitusega. Leiti hoone jäänused, mille rusukihi seest saadud leiud pärinevad Vene-Liivi sõja ajast. 1,4 m sügavusel maapinnast leiti munakivisillutis. Kogutud leiumaterjal koosneb valdavalt 16.-18. sajandi keraamikast

Citizenship of the European Union under the Treaty of Lisbon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ioana Nely MILITARU

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The paper is structured in two parts. The first part covers history, "Union citizenship, according to previous Treaties Lisbon Treaty, and the second refers to the privileges which they have as citizens of the Union Treaty as a result of reforming the European Union, referring to documents on which this Treaty adhere it recognizes as having the same legal force, treaties, (Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.

The Everyday Peace Project: An Innovative Approach to Peace Pedagogy

Science.gov (United States)

Dutta, Urmitapa; Andzenge, Andrea Kashimana; Walkling, Kayla

2016-01-01

A critical task for peace pedagogy is to challenge views of peace as primarily responses to declared war. Crisis-based politics tend to focus on exceptional situations and fail to capture the entire spectrum of violence. Premised on the idea that peace cannot be understood in isolation of larger structural problems, this paper proposes the concept…

The Non-Proliferation Treaty increases security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahiluoto, K.

1995-01-01

Extension of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty indefinitely was a historic decision. The Treaty is the most extensive international agreement on security policy to date; now its obligations have become a permanent part of international justice. Moreover, the NPT represents a political and moral obligation. Through the NPT, the international community has made a permanent commitment to restrict the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Increasing pressures will be applied to the few countries still outside the NPT, making it more likely that these countries will eventually change their views. The likelihood of regional bans on nuclear weapons in the Middle East and in Asia, too, will increase. The Treaty promotes the establishment of new nuclear-free zones. The nuclear-free zone in Latin America - the countries covered by the Tlatelolco Treaty - is already very close to its full implementation. Finland is firmly committed to the obligations of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The NPT Conference of 1995 was among the first international meetings in which Finland participated, and took an active role, as a Member State of the European Union. (orig.)

Kirstukaunistused Münnichite hauakambrist Tartu Jaani kirikus / Aive Viljus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Viljus, Aive

2010-01-01

Tartu Jaani kirikus toimunud arheoloogiliste kaevamistööde käigus von Münnichite suguvõsa hauakambrist leitud 18. sajandist pärit kirstude ehisdetailide konserveerimisest, nende valmistamisel kasutatud materjalidest ja teostustehnikatest ning kahjustuse ulatusest

Twenty years of the Non-proliferation Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goldblat, Jozef.

1990-01-01

The report assesses the achievements of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) and discusses ways in which the non-proliferation regime could be strenghtened. It recommends a series of measures to be taken by the parties of the Treaty, both nuclear and non-nuclear weapons states, with a view to reinforcing the Treaty and achieving its universality. 198 refs

From Clouds of Chemical Warfare to Blue Skies of Peace: The Tehran Peace Museum, Iran

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, Elizabeth; Khateri, Shahriar

2015-01-01

Despite the limited number of peace museums around the world, there exists an essential role for existing peace museums to promote a culture of peace and peace education. The purpose of this article was to introduce the origins, rationale, scope and work of the Tehran Peace Museum in Iran. The concept of the museum is to facilitate peace education…

Representations of Peace in News Discourse: Viewpoint and Opportunity for Peace Journalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lea Mandelzis

2007-04-01

Full Text Available This study presents a news discourse analysis of a case in which the dominant political and ideological discourse of conflict and violence gave way to optimism and hopes for peace in Israel. It offers a profile of three types of discourse used by Israeli print news media in the context of 'peace' and 'war' in the immediate aftermath of the Oslo Accords signed on September 13, 1993. By this time, the Israeli media had already demonstrated a dramatic change in attitude and terminology: The familiar war discourse was rapidly being replaced by peace representations and peace images. The assumption of the study is that overuse of the term 'peace' at a time of revolutionary change in Israeli socio-political practice not only detracted from Israeli peace perspectives and beliefs, but also caused news discourses to deteriorate into war discourses. The purpose of the study was to uncover the role of the contextual system developed to communicate specific topics relating to 'peace' representations in news discourse and the negative socio-political consequences of the incompatibility of discourse types with actual political conditions at a given time. The findings suggest that inter-textual representations of 'war' and 'peace' led to a discourse type which imposed unwanted meanings upon itself. It also suggests that certain types of news discourse, such as reconciliation, peace and war reporting, may be important in establishing the proper relations between discourse, language, media and the meaning of peace because of the essential role that the mass media play, not only in war coverage, but, no less important, also in peace reporting. Ultimately, inappropriate discourse at a given time may lessen the chances of building trust among peoples and nations.

Tax Treaty Interpretation in Spain

OpenAIRE

Soler Roch, María Teresa; Ribes Ribes, Aurora

2001-01-01

This paper provides insight in the interpretation of Spanish double taxation conventions. Taking as a premise the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the wording of Article 3(2) OECD Model Convention, the authors explore the relevance of mutual agreements, tax authority practice and foreign court decisions on the tax treaty interpretation.

Implementing nuclear non-proliferation in Finland. Regulatory control, international cooperation and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Annual report 2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okko, O [ed.

2012-07-01

The regulatory control of nuclear materials (i.e. nuclear safeguards) is a prerequisite for the peaceful use of nuclear energy in Finland. Safeguards are required for Finland to comply with international agreements on nuclear non-proliferation - mainly the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This regulatory control is exercised by the Nuclear Materials Section of the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK). The results of STUK's nuclear safeguards inspection activities in 2011 continued to demonstrate that the Finnish licence holders take good care of their nuclear materials. There were no indications of undeclared nuclear materials or activities and the inspected materials and activities were in accordance with the licence holders' declarations.

Tartu Waldorf-keskus : arhitektuurne ideekonkurss / Mikk Pärdi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pärdi, Mikk

2013-01-01

Arhitektuurivõistluse eesmärgiks oli leida terviklik lahendus Tartu Waldorf-keskusele: lasteaed, 12-klassiline kool ja sotsiaalkeskus. Rudolf Steinerist ja lühidalt Waldorf-pedagoogikast. Waldorf-koolide arhitektuurist. Võistlustöödest, I preemia pälvinud tööst "Birch" (Joachim Zimmer, Imme Denker, Saksamaa)

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty : an overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-01-01

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty ushers in the post-nuclear testing era. The Treaty is the result of many years of intensive international negotiation, and is an impressive document of some 48 pages plus 15 pages of annexes which, by April 1997, 143 nations including New Zealand had signed. New Zealand has consistently maintained a strong opposition to the testing of nuclear weapons and has had a long involvement in negotiations towards this Treaty. This is the first of a series of articles on the Treaty, its enforcement, and its implications for New Zealand, and provides an overview of the treaty by means of a quick tour through its main provisions. (author)

The CFE Treaty and changed conditions in Europe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Allentuck, J.

1994-08-01

The Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed in November 1990 by sixteen nations, members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and six nations, members of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). It was resigned to prevent a major surprise attack in Europe by the conventional forces of one Treaty Organization against those of the other and was the first major arms control treaty to address conventional weapons. This paper focuses on how CFE adapted to changes in the military-political situation in Europe which occurred after 1990 and failed to adapt to others. Suggestions are offered on how it might be changed to make it more relevant under these changed conditions.

Ligi on vastu erarahaga Tartu maantee ehitamisele / Raimo Poom

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Poom, Raimo

2011-01-01

Rahandusminister Jürgen Ligi suhtub eitavalt ettepanekusse ehitada Tartu maantee Kose-Mäo lõik valmis erasektori raha toel, tema sõnul on PPP-projekti (avaliku ja erasektori koostöö) eesmärk reeglina varjata riigi võlgu elamist

TÜ Loodusmuuseum = University of Tartu Natural History Museum / Raili Paling, Liis Lindvere, Kadri Kaldam ; kommenteerinud Jana Lass

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paling, Raili

2016-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli Loodusmuuseumi (Tartu, Vanemuise tn. 46) interjöör ja ekspositsioon. Autorid Jelena Altmäe, Kadri Kaldam, Raivo Kotov, Andrus Kõresaar, Lea Laidra, Liis Lindvere, Indrek Mikk, Jaanus Männik, Raili Paling; projektijuht Reet Mägi; kuraatorid Kaie Kotov, Riste Keskpaik

Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. 2005 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 2 May 2005, United Nations, New York, USA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

ElBaradei, M.

2005-01-01

The core of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons can be summed up in two words: 'Security' and 'Development'. While the States Party to this Treaty hold differing priorities and views, I trust that all share these two goals: development for all through advanced technology; and security for all by reducing - and ultimately eliminating - the nuclear threat. These shared goals were the foundation on which the international community, in 1970, built this landmark Treaty. They agreed to work towards a world free of nuclear weapons. They agreed, while working towards this goal, to prevent the acquisition of nuclear weapons by additional States. And they agreed to make the peaceful applications of nuclear energy available to all. Folded together, these agreements, these commitments, are mutually reinforcing. They are as valid today as when they were first made - and even more urgent. What should be all too evident is that, if we cannot work together, each acknowledging the development priorities and security concerns of the other, then the result of this Conference will be inaction. In five years, since the 2000 NPT Review Conference the world has changed. Our fears of a deadly nuclear detonation, whatever the cause, have been reawakened. These realities have heightened the awareness of vulnerabilities in the NPT regime. The Treaty has served us well for 35 years. But unless we regard it as part of a living, dynamic regime - capable of evolving to match changing realities, it will fade into irrelevance and leave us vulnerable and unprotected. The expectations from this Conference are to: re-affirm the goals established in 1970; strengthen the IAEA's verification authority; control over proliferation sensitive parts of the nuclear fuel cycle (activities that involve uranium enrichment and plutonium separation); secure and control nuclear material; show the world that our commitment to nuclear disarmament is firm; back the verification efforts by an

Tartu linnaraamatukogu ja kunstikuu peakorraldaja Tartu kõrgema kunstikooli koostöös jõuab 27. ja 28. I vanasse kaubamajja kirjandus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Tartu vanas kaubamajas kohtuvad 27. I lastega raamatu "Seitse mütsikest" autorid kirjanik Lehte Hainsalu ja illustraator Lea Malin. 28. I astuvad kavaga "Kahjulik õhtu" publiku ette fs ja Asko Künnap, heli Heikki Kallelt. Esilinastub Jaan-Jürgen Klausi portreefilm "Erakpoeet Marko Kompus"

Innovation in Justice and Security by Treaty of Lisbon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Myzafer ELEZI

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The Lisbon Treaty is a legal package which includes previous treaties, starting from the year 1957, following the Treaty of Rome and the Treaty of Nice in 2001, summarized in a single text that introduces a number of changes of the way how the European Union works, in order to make it more efficient for its citizens. This Treaty converts the European Union for the first time in a single entity, unifying pillars of its activities which are as follows: the European Communities, Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters, which so far only the European Communities had the status of judicial person. It modifies the Treaty of European Union, created by the European Union and the Treaty created by the European Community, which is in power, but do not replace them. The new Treaty gives the EU the legal framework, and necessary tools to face the future challenges and to respond to its citizen’s perspectives. The Conference will introduce all the innovations that the Treaty of Lisbon brings not only in the field of security and foreign policy of the EU, but also in those related to police and judicial cooperation regarding criminal matters.

Õigushariduse akrediteerimise õiguslikest alustest ja protsessist Eestis (Tartu Ülikooli õigusteaduskonna näitel) / Kalle Merusk, Raul Narits, Peep Pruks

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Merusk, Kalle, 1949-

1998-01-01

Õigusteaduse õppekavade akrediteerimisest eri kõrgkoolides ning Tartu Ülikooli õigusteaduskonna tegevusest. Lisatud ülevaade olulisematest teadustöödest Tartu Ülikooli avaliku õiguse instituudis ja eraõiguse instituudis 1997. a. ning Tartu Ülikooli õigusteaduskonnas 1993.-1998. a. kaitstud magistritööde ja teaduskonna õppejõudude poolt mujal kaitstud tööde nimekiri

Safety, antinuclear and peace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-12-01

The contents of this report are two testimonies, Korean peninsula and nuclear problem including the US Army and nuclear weapon site in South Korea and antinuclear and peace movement in Korean peninsula, peace and church women, discussion on antiwar, antinuclear and peace, scripts of play on for peace nuclear kids, introduction movie prediction and guide and the business report of Korea Church Women United.

South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-03-01

The document contains the 3 Protocols to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (INFCIRC-331) adopted by the South Pacific Forum at its 17th session in Suva on 8 August 1986. The treaty entered into force on 11 December 1986

Uudised : Tartu meenutab Pushkinit. Erki Pehk dirigentide esireas / Marge Rennit

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rennit, Marge

1999-01-01

Juuni algul etendub Tartu linnakodaniku muuseumis N. Rimski-Korsakovi Pushkini-aineline ooper "Mozart ja Salieri". E. Pehk pääses Prantsusmaal toimunud rahvusvahelise dirigentide konkursi (Concours International de Chefs d'Orchestre) finaali

Learning from the EU Constitutional Treaty

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Crum, B.J.J.

2012-01-01

The negative results of referenda on the European Union (EU) Constitutional Treaty in France and the Netherlands, and subsequent low-key adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon raise complex questions about the possible democratization of international organisations. This book provides a full analysis of

OF THE PRESENT TO THE FUTURE: EDUCATION FOR PEACE TO THE PEDAGOGY FOR PEACE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amaral Palevi Gómez-Arévalo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This chapter is a theoretical analysis contributes to an initial structuring of Pedagogy for Peace today, from their field of study: Education for Peace. We intend to show both theoretical, practical, disciplined, methodical and scientific maturity that owns the Peace Education at this time, to structure Pedagogy for Peace. An analysis of disciplinary and educational support realization of Pedagogy for Peace is made, which includes educational models, approaches, content, keystones and applied methodologies. A main point of analysis is the existence of a specific type of teacher: Educator / a for Peace. This educator / a is a key to educational activities around peacebuilding practice carried factor.

On-site inspections under the INF Treaty. A post-mortem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russell, J.

2001-01-01

Midnight on 31 May 2001 marked the end of all on-site inspections (OSIs) under the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. Signed by the US and the Soviet Union in 1987, the treaty has now come of age and must survive for the rest of its indefinite duration without the security of regular OSIs. The ending of OSIs provides an opportunity to assess the success of this aspect of the verification regime and how the treaty is to be verified without them. The INF Treaty banned all ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 kilometres. It was the first treaty to eliminate a whole class of nuclear weapons and the first nuclear arms control agreement to provide for OSIs. All 2,692 INF missiles were eliminated by May 1991, within the three-year time limit. A further 10 years of OSIs helped provide reassurance of continuing compliance. The treaty will continue to be verified by so-called national technical means, primarily satellites. The Special Verification Commission, set up under the treaty to resolve issues relating to treaty implementation and compliance, will continue to meet when requested by a treaty party. Universal opinion is that the treaty has been successfully verified to date. However, a number of problems were encountered and lessons learned from the experience. In particular, the treaty negotiators proved to have been overly cautious in envisaging how inspections would actually be conducted. One of the main achievements of OSIs under the INF Treaty has been to create a basic model and procedures for inspections which have been adopted in the more complex arms control and disarmament treaties that have followed

Peace Incentives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Emmanuel, Nikolas G.

2015-01-01

How does economic assistance influence the success or failure of peace processes in Africa? Can economic assistance act as an incentive to facilitate an end to conflict? The literature largely ignores aid as a factor supporting peace processes. In addressing this topic, the current study tries...

Endiste tartlaste käekõrval kiirrongiga läbi 375-aastase Tartu Ülikooli ajaloo / Tõnis Arro

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Arro, Tõnis, 1960-

2011-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli 375. aastapäeva puhul valminud dokumentaalfilm "Universitas Tartuensis 375" : stsenaristid Jaak Lõhmus ja Lauri Vahtre : režissöörid Rene Vilbre ja Märten Vaher : Tartu Ülikool, Estinfilm ja Eesti Rahvusringhääling, 2007

TEACHERS AS BUILDERS OF PEACE PRACTICES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria María Abarca Obregón

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This article is written from the experience of Holistic Peace Education through the practice of more than twelve years in the educative job; at the same time it is the support of a PhD research. The first part shows the theoretical basis of the proposed “Practices of Peace”, starting with the origins of peace education, Peace as a subject of study and the many peaces, to finally get the concept of Holistic Peace Education, wherein the dimensions of inner peace, political peace and social-ecological peace integrate. Once we had the theoretical framework established, we started the research and systematization of the peace educative practice. This paper presents some conclusions about this experience, conducted by teachers from Mexico and Spain. Rather than establishing models, we offer a choice of moving away from violence by sharing an experience that has enabled a peace space. It is an invitation for teachers to provide opportunities for peace through exercises held in education, aimed to be peace practices.

Filipino children's understanding of peace

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oppenheimer, L.J.T.; Kuipers, I.

2003-01-01

This study reports on 10-year-old Filipino children's understanding of peace, war, and strategies to attain peace. In total, 56 children were presented with a semistructured interview consisting of free associations to peace and questions pertaining to the definitions of peace and war and strategies

LLNL's Regional Model Calibration and Body-Wave Discrimination Research in the Former Soviet Union using Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharyya, J.; Rodgers, A.; Swenson, J.; Schultz, C.; Walter, W.; Mooney, W.; Clitheroe, G.

2000-01-01

Long-range seismic profiles from Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNE) in the Former Soviet Union (FSU) provide a unique data set to investigate several important issues in regional Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) monitoring. The recording station spacing (∼15 km) allows for extremely dense sampling of the propagation from the source to ∼ 3300 km. This allows us to analyze the waveforms at local, near- and far-regional and teleseismic distances. These data are used to: (1) study the evolution of regional phases and phase amplitude ratios along the profile; (2) infer one-dimensional velocity structure along the profile; and (3) evaluate the spatial correlation of regional and teleseismic travel times and regional phase amplitude ratios. We analyzed waveform data from four PNE's (m b = 5.1-5.6) recorded along profile KRATON, which is an east-west trending profile located in northern Sibertil. Short-period regional discriminants, such as P/S amplitude ratios, will be essential for seismic monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) at small magnitudes (m b o and 10 o , respectively

Tartu ülikooli kunstikabinet ja "kuldsed kuuekümnendad" / Kaljo Põllu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Põllu, Kaljo

2006-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli kunstikabinet Juhan Püttsepa (aastatel 1957-1962) ja Kaljo Põllu (aastatel 1962-1972) juhtimisel. Kunstnike rühmitusest "Visarid", Kaljo Põllu varasemast loomingust ja tõekspidamistest

For the Sake of Peace: Maintaining the Resonance of Peace and Education

Science.gov (United States)

Ide, Kanako

2015-01-01

This article is an attempt to develop the idea of peace education for adults through the assumption that, compared to peace education for children, educational approaches for adults are as yet undeveloped. This article also assumes that the progress of educational approaches for adults is necessary to the further development of peace education for…

Lutshsheje strojenije 2002 goda v Tartu / Helmi Sakkov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sakkov, Helmi

2003-01-01

Parim uusehitis: Eesti Metodisti Kiriku Tartu koguduse kirik (Kolde Grupp, arhitekt-sisekujundaja I. Allmann, valgustid: T. Luisk), korterelamu - Näituse 22b (Arhitektuuribüroo Kalle Rõõmus, arhitekt K. Renter), üksikelamu - Sepa 9a (Tahukas OÜ), rekonstrueeritud ehitis: H. Treffneri gümnaasium (Lunge & KO, arhitekt A. Lunge, sisekujundaja T. Kadarik), 2 äramärgitud hoonet

Tartu rahvusvaheliseks kunstilinnaks! / Kaisa Eiche ; intervjueerinud Reet Varblane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Eiche, Kaisa, 1982-

2010-01-01

Tartu kunstikuu organisaator Kaisa Eiche 8. septembrist 2. oktoobrini 2010 toimuvast kunstikuust-festivalist "ART IST KUKU NU UT", mille teine korraldaja on Rael Artel. Pikemalt trükisest "ART IST KUKU NU UT" ja 8. septembril Y-galeriis avatavast Rael Arteli kureeritud rahvusvahelisest näitusest "Lisa 6. Nähtamatu käe poliitika" (osalejad loetletud)

The comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty eight years after the opening of the treaty for signature: what is the situation?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Goff, G.; Rousseau, D.

2004-01-01

The International community has just celebrated the eight anniversary of the opening for signature, on 24 September 1996, of the Comprehensive Nuclear -test-Ban Treaty (C.T.B.T.). This event provides an opportunity to review briefly the current situation with regard to the Treaty and the international organisation responsible for preparing the various steps necessary for its implementation. The purpose of this paper is not to give once again a detailed description of the history of the Treaty, the issues at stake and its prospects. It is simply recalled that the major undertaking by States Parties to the Treaty is not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion or any other nuclear explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control. It is also useful to note that the Treaty provides for a verification regime consisting of the following four elements: creation of a permanent International Monitoring system; consultation and clarification procedures to be followed by states in the event of a suspicious occurrence; on-site inspections, carried out at the request of a State Party; confidence-building measures. On the eve of important deadlines particularly during 2005 for disarmament and nonproliferation, it was useful to give a brief factual picture of the current Treaty situation and above all of the results obtained to date by the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. (N.C.)

The Asian countries and the non-proliferation treaty prorogation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoffmann, N.

1995-01-01

This work deals with the non-proliferation treaty prorogation of Asia. The position of the asian countries under the old non-proliferation treaty is given. It includes the 1968 non-proliferation treaty signatories, the calling in question again and the criticisms revealed by the asian countries. The positions and the open forecasts expressed on the non-proliferation treaty prorogation and the article on the elimination of the nuclear weapons are also given. (O.L.)

Peace Education and Childhood

Science.gov (United States)

Lombardo, Lucien X.; Polonko, Karen A.

2015-01-01

Peace studies and peace education are multifaceted processes focusing on diverse audiences from children in elementary grades to those involved in political negotiations at the highest levels. This paper addresses the foundational importance of including conflict embedded in adult-child relationships in peace education. It conceptually grounds…

Implementing nuclear non-proliferation in Finland. Regulatory control, international cooperation and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Annual report 2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okko, O. (ed.)

2012-07-01

The regulatory control of nuclear materials (i.e. nuclear safeguards) is a prerequisite for the peaceful use of nuclear energy in Finland. Safeguards are required for Finland to comply with international agreements on nuclear non-proliferation - mainly the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). This regulatory control is exercised by the Nuclear Materials Section of the Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK). The results of STUK's nuclear safeguards inspection activities in 2011 continued to demonstrate that the Finnish licence holders take good care of their nuclear materials. There were no indications of undeclared nuclear materials or activities and the inspected materials and activities were in accordance with the licence holders' declarations.

Jõgeva maakonda toob traadita raadionetiühenduse Tartu firma / Madis Aesma

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aesma, Madis

2006-01-01

Külatee 3 programmi maapiirkondade internetivõrguga katmise hanke Jõgevamaa osas võitnud Tartu firma Kernel hakkab Jõgevamaal sellest suvest pakkuma ülikõrgsagedusliku raadioside teel levivat internetiühendust

Columbia River Treaty 2014/2024 Review • Phase 1 Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

None

2010-07-01

Under the Columbia River Treaty (Treaty or CRT) of 1964, Canada and the United States (U.S.) jointly regulate and manage the Columbia River as it flows from British Columbia into the U.S. The Treaty has provided substantial flood control and power generation benefits to both nations. The Treaty established Canadian and U.S. Entities as implementing agents for each government. British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (BC Hydro) was designated as the Canadian Entity. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Administrator and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) Division Engineer, Northwestern Division, were designated as the U.S. Entity. The Canadian and U.S. Entities are empowered by their respective governments with broad discretion to implement the existing Columbia River Treaty. They are not, however, authorized to terminate, renegotiate, or otherwise modify the Treaty. In the U.S., authority over international treaties rests with the President, assisted in foreign relations and international negotiations by the Department of State and subject in certain cases to the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate. In Canada, international treaties are within the prerogative of the executive branch of the federal government. Under current policy, treaties are tabled in the House of Commons, and are subject to a waiting period before the executive branch brings the treaty into effect. In the case of the Columbia River Treaty, Canada has assigned certain rights and obligations relating to the Treaty to British Columbia pursuant to the Canada-B.C. Agreement. The Phase 1 report is provided to those respective governmental bodies to support possible independent and/or joint decisions that may be made with respect to the future of the Treaty. The Treaty contains two important provisions that take effect on and after September 16, 2024, that could impact the current power and flood control benefits: 1. Canadian flood control obligations automatically change from a pre

Jaani kiriku vitraažid : sündmuste ahel, mis viis Tartu Jaani kiriku vitraažakna lõhkumiseni / Urmo Raus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raus, Urmo, 1969-

2004-01-01

Sihtasutus Jaani kirik eemaldas 2004. a. aprillis Urmo Rausi kavandatud vitraažakna, akna metallstruktuur lõigati ketaslõikuriga tükkideks. Ekspertkomisjoni (22. IX 2001, Tartu) tegevusest ja otsusest ning teostatavast uuest vitraažilahendusest. Olev Printsi Tartu Jaani kiriku uurimismaterjalidest. Tartu Jaani kiriku vitraažiprojekt on 14. IX 2003-31. VIII 2004 väljas Chartres'i rahvusvahelises vitraažikeskuses näitusel "Les passeurs de lumiere"

Gradualism in Tax Treaties with Irreversible Foreign Direct Investment

OpenAIRE

Richard Chisik; Ronald B. Davies

2010-01-01

Bilateral international tax treaties govern the host country taxation for the vast majority of the world’s foreign direct investment (FDI). Of particular interest is the fact that the tax rates used under these treaties are gradually falling although the treaties themselves do not specify any such reductions. Since there is no outside governing agency to redress treaty violations, such reductions must be both mutually beneficial and self-enforcing. Furthermore, the optimal tax rates must be l...

Approaching peace in Patani, Southern Thailand

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Horstmann, A.

2008-01-01

This article analyzes ways of approaching peace building and peace negotiations in Patani. Choosing an anthropological approach, the article argues that participant observation helps identify indigenous, local peace instruments. Hence, the design of local sovereignty is the most important step...... to durable peace in internal conflicts. The Surayud government has identified the recommendations of the National Reconciliation Commission as guide-posts and has praised the peace agreement in Aceh as model to emulate. There is an opening for peace talks, in which the solution to historical and cultural...... grievances will be a key to peace....

Experts in the cold war. War experiences and peace conceptions of US-American physicists 1920-1963

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wunderle, Ulrike

2015-01-01

The study is dedicated to the American elite of nuclear physicists, which explained after the second world war the possibilities of their science for war and peace. What induced their thinking and handling? The focus lies on the scientific shapings and war experiences of the first really international generation of physicists, which began in the 1920th years their career before many of their representatives had to fly from the NS regime from Europe and cooperated in the Manhattan project in the construction of the atomic bomb. These experiences the author refers to in order to get on the track of the explanations of the exper elite in the immediate afterwar time and in the cold war. How far their internationally and by actual war experiences shaped thinking about their own contribution as scientist to the national security - in the sense of discouragement or the cooperative conflict regulation - found its expression in the cold war, is drawn on different action levels of the participants from the Geneve conference ''Atoms for Peace'' of 1955 until the signing of the so-called Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

Communication received from the Permanent Mission of Thailand regarding the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (Treaty of Bangkok)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-04

The document reproduces the text of the Note Verbale dated 25 September 1997 received by the Agency from the Permanent Mission of Thailand to the Agency concerning the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (Treaty of Bangkok), and as attachment the text of the above mentioned Treaty

Communication received from the Permanent Mission of Thailand regarding the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (Treaty of Bangkok)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

The document reproduces the text of the Note Verbale dated 25 September 1997 received by the Agency from the Permanent Mission of Thailand to the Agency concerning the Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone (Treaty of Bangkok), and as attachment the text of the above mentioned Treaty

Raadi mõis Tartu Ülikooli teenistuses / Helmut Piirimäe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Piirimäe, Helmut, 1930-

2010-01-01

1921. aastal kinkis Eesti Vabariik Raadi mõisa Tartu Ülikoolile, hooneid ja maid hakkas kasutama põllumajandusteaduskond, härrastemaja anti Eesti Rahva Muuseumi käsutusse. Põllumajanduslike katsejaamade rajamine Raadile.

Understanding peace a comprehensive introduction

CERN Document Server

Fox, Michael Allen

2013-01-01

Understanding Peace: A Comprehensive Introduction fills the need for an original, contemporary examination of peace that is challenging, informative, and empowering. This well-researched, fully documented, and highly accessible textbook moves beyond fixation on war to highlight the human capacity for nonviolent cooperation in everyday life and in conflict situations. After deconstructing numerous ideas about war and explaining its heavy costs to humans, animals, and the environment, discussion turns to evidence for the existence of peaceful societies. Further topics include the role of nonviolence in history, the nature of violence and aggression, and the theory and practice of nonviolence. The book offers two new moral arguments against war, and concludes by defining peace carefully from different angles and then describing conditions for creating a culture of peace. Understanding Peace brings a fresh philosophical perspective to discussions of peace, and also addresses down-to-earth issues about effecting ...

Ask a Futurist. Peace [and] Robots.

Science.gov (United States)

Joseph, Earl C.

A futurist addresses two questions concerning world peace and the implications of using robots. In the section on peace (part 1), recommendations for world peace include: (1) implementing peace education as a mandatory part of education; (2) establishing a Department of Peace in each country to create a societal infrastructure for implementing…

Mitigation incentives with climate finance and treaty options

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strand, Jon

2016-01-01

Future greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation action of current non-climate-policy (NP) countries is considered to take two alternative forms: 1) “climate finance” payments received in return for future reductions in its GHG emissions below a defined “baseline”; and 2) join a “climate treaty” whereby the required emissions reductions are formally binding. It is assumed that baselines defining climate finance payments, and required emissions reductions under a treaty, depend positively on current emissions. It is then shown that making such future options available reduces current GHG mitigation in NP countries, leading to higher emissions in the short run. This effect is stronger when future climate finance payments are higher; the required relative emissions reductions under a treaty are greater; when commitments under a treaty are longer-lasting; and mitigation targets depend more on current emissions. Such short-run increases in emissions can (sometimes, more than) fully eliminate the effect of the subsequent policy. When climate finance and treaties are both future alternatives, more generous climate finance can make it harder and more expensive to induce the country to join a climate treaty. - Highlights: • A good future climate finance arrangement can increase GHG emissions today. • The same can be the case with a future and restrictive climate treaty. • These can be problems when costs under such solutions are reduced by higher emissions today. • Better climate finance also tends to make joining a climate treaty less attractive.

Tartu Ülikooli kümme geeniust / Alo Lõhmus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lõhmus, Alo

2007-01-01

Valik Tartu Ülikoolis 375 aasta jooksul kõige rohkem maailmateadust mõjutanud teadlasi: Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Stuve, Martin Heinrich Rathke, Karl Ernst von Baer, Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, Juri Lotman, Ludvig Puusepp Nikolai Pirogov, Ernst Öpik, Ivan Kondakov, Karl Bücher, Karl Friedrich Burdach ja Gustav Teichmüller

Developments of the Estonian intellectual property system to meet the challenges of the knowledge-based economy : [doktoritöö] / Aleksei Kelli ; Tartu Ülikool ; juhendaja: Heiki Pisuke

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kelli, Aleksei, 1977-

2009-01-01

Sisaldab artikleid: Intellectual property in an innovation-based economy // Review of Central and East European Law (2008) nr. 2, lk. 223-238 (kaasautor Heiki Pisuke) ; Some issues of the Estonian innovation and intellectual property policy // Juridica International. XV. Tartu, 2008, lk. 104-114 ; Improvement of the intellectual property system as a measure to enhance innovation // Juridica International. XVI. Tartu, 2009, lk. 114-125 ; Some issues regarding entrepreneurial universities and intellectual property // Juridica International. XII. Tartu, 2007, lk. 161-172 (kaasautor Heiki Pisuke). - Tutvustus // Tartu Ülikooli doktorite promoveerimine 2010. Tartu, 2010, lk. 5-6

Does Investment Treaty Affect the Improvement on FDI?

OpenAIRE

Eunsook Seo

2008-01-01

The paper analyzes how investment treaty affects investment creation. Analysis results show that investment treaty could not directly affect the increase in investment with the form of investment agreement contradicting and the opening of investment treaty countries have increased a great deal of investment. Contracting the investment agreement means to ultimately improve the investment environment such as policy transparency, simplification of administration, and the simplification or the cl...

A roadmap to peace. Journey metaphors in political speeches on the Middle East peace process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Assunta Caruso

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract – This paper investigates the metaphorical conceptualization of peace by former leaders George W. Bush, Ariel Sharon, and Mahmoud Abbas. Specifically, it examines how peace/the peace process is conceptualized via metaphors through the notion of JOURNEY and MOVEMENT. The corpus in this study comprises twenty speeches given by the three politicians over a four-year period (2002-2005. The corpus data is analyzed using a combination of different methods. The tools are mainly Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, the MIPVU procedure (Steen et al. 2010, and Critical Metaphor Analysis (Charteris-Black 2004. Findings reveal that JOURNEY metaphors are a vital and common part of the three politicians’ political discourse. Overall, there are very few metaphors for peace unique to the individual politicians. The main differences observed lie not in which metaphors are used, but in what aspects of peace or the peace process they are used to highlight.Keywords: metaphor identification, conceptual metaphor, Critical Metaphor Analysis, political discourse, peace.

Global Conflicts Shattered World Peace: John Dewey's Influence on Peace Educators and Practitioners

Science.gov (United States)

Cohan, Audrey; Howlett, Charles F.

2017-01-01

The need to build an awareness of peace and of peace education is often a message that is difficult to share with the larger society. John Dewey, an acclaimed American philosopher and intellectual, used his public platform to espouse his ideas on democracy and peace as a resolution to global discord during the years preceding and during World Wars…

Digital Storytelling for Historical Understanding: Treaty Education for Reconciliation

Science.gov (United States)

Hildebrandt, Katia; Lewis, Patrick; Kreuger, Claire; Naytowhow, Joseph; Tupper, Jennifer; Couros, Alec; Montgomery, Ken

2016-01-01

This paper presents the findings of a research project that sought to interrogate the possibilities of digital storytelling as a pathway towards a more complete understanding of treaties and the treaty relationship in western Canada. This research is situated in the province of Saskatchewan, where treaty education (that is, education about the…

Retooling Peace Philosophy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Johannes Dragsbæk; Hersh, Jacques; Petersen-Overton, Kristofer

2010-01-01

This book documents recent and historical events in the theoretically-based practice of peace development. Its diverse collection of essays describes different aspects of applied philosophy in peace action, commonly involving the contributors’ continual engagement in the field, while offering sup...

Nuclear: agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Slovak Republic for co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annexes). Treaty series 1996/30

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

Canada and the Slovak Republic are both non-nuclear weapon states party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and as such have undertaken not to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices and that each Party has concluded an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency for the application of safeguards in connection with the Treaty

Tartu uutest paralleelrajoonidest Emajõe kaldal / Risto Kozer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kozer, Risto

2007-01-01

Kvissentali ja Siili tänava uuselamurajoonidest Tartus. Siili t. 42 ja 44 eramutest, mille arhitektiks on Andres Kadarik (OÜ Tahukas). Tartu 2006. a. parimateks uuselamu projektideks tunnistatud kolmest majast Kvissentali rajoonis: eramust Tüürimehe t. 3 (Ain Padrik, AB Künnapu & Padrik OÜ), Kapteni t. 4 (Andres Kadarik, OÜ Tahukas) ja Pootsmani t. 14 (Uko Künnap, OÜ U-Disain). 12 värv. vaadet

Tartu Ülikooli robot päästab tenniseväljaku koristaja öötööst / Nils Niitra

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Niitra, Nils, 1975-

2010-01-01

Tartu Tähtvere tennisekeskuse juht Egert Ivask tegi EAS-ile projekti innovatsiooniosaku saamiseks, et selle abil saaks teha koostööd Tartu Ülikooliga, mille üliõpilased on nüüdseks tennisekeskuse jaoks vajaliku koristusroboti peaaegu valmis saanud

TOWARDS FULFILLMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RULES OF HUMANITARIAN LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

s. Bagheri

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT is an international treaty that should be implemented during both peace and wartime. However, the obligations included in the treaty are dependent upon states' attitudes regarding other issues. Non-use of nuclear weapons is directly related to negotiations done for the purpose of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, non-production or accumulation by other means and disarmament. In our day, prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons has been one of the issues of international law.The present study is of crucial significance due to its endeavor to clarify the general principles of Humanitarian Law in a relationship to the threat of nuclear weapons' up to now, a special norm; significantly limiting or completely prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons, has not been accepted in international law. However, customary international humanitarian law regarding the use of nuclear weapons holds great value because of its purpose in eliminating nuclear weapons as a means of war through ascertaining their non-use and also appeasing the importance of nuclear ascendancy. In this respect, the NPT regime and its relationship with international humanitarian law will be discussed. Firstly, the NPT background, formation, main objectives and principles will be analyzed. In order to evaluate the relationship between the NPT and humanitarian law, the humanitarian obligations in general, humanitarian obligations in the context of the NPT and fulfillmen t of these obligations under the NPT should be studied. One of the main parts of the study is nuclear disarmament obligation included in the NPT. In this section, nuclear disarmament obligation in the context of the NPT and the legal framework of possible, general and comprehensive disarmament will be examined.

Peace diplomacy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mandrup, Thomas

2009-01-01

reform, terrorism, private security actors, peacekeeping and peace-building and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. This book is a result of research carried out over a number of years by the Southern African Defence and Security Management Network (SADSEM) on many of these new and emerging......Africa faces a seemingly ever-increasing range of security challenges. The traditional threats of civil and border conflicts, crises of governance and military coups may have receded but they remain active. Meanwhile, other issues have risen to prominence, such as globalisation, security sector...... and national case studies and makes an important contribution to debates on security sector reform. The topics covered include policing transformation, intelligence governance, regulation of private security actors, challenges of nuclear proliferation, regional security, peace diplomacy and peace missions...

Kinnipidamisasutuses karistusaja kandmisel töötamise mõju kinnipeetavate resotsialiseerimisele (Tartu Vangla näitel) : [magistritöö] / Anastassia Rjabova ; Tartu Ülikool, õigusteaduskond ; juhendaja: Silvia Kaugia

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rjabova, Anastassia

2010-01-01

Kinnipeetava resotsialiseerimise olemusest ja meetoditest, kinnipeetava vanglas töötamisest resotsialiseerimise meetodina, kinnipeetava vanglas töötamise õiguslikust regulatsioonist Eestis, Tartu Vanglas kinnipeetavate isikute suhtumisest vangide töökohustusse

78 FR 75251 - Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty; Correction

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-11

...-2013-0007] RIN 0651-AC85 Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty; Correction AGENCY: United States... Law Treaty (PLT) and provisions of the Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012 (PLTIA) that... practice in patent cases for consistency with the changes in the Patent Law Treaty (PLT) and provisions of...

Analysis of the Interactions between Treaties

Science.gov (United States)

1992-04-01

PROVISIONS Assist ana protect against chemical weapons UIVERSALITY Research, share/exchange chemi- cals, equipment, information rela. Not applicable ting...liability in the event of injury to a Soviet inspector. U.S. escorts maintain the right to prevent Soviet inspectors from undertaking life ...updated continually through notifications for the life of the Treaty and in total at periodic intervals. The START Treaty requires a myriad of

Laurentius Ludenius (1592-1654), Greifswaldi ja Tartu Ülikooli professor / Katre Kaju

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaju, Katre, 1974-

2009-01-01

Ka õigusteadusest - 1621. a. promoveeriti Ludenius (Lorenz Luden) Greifswaldis mõlema õiguse doktoriks (utriusque iuris doctor), 1636. a. promoveeriti Tartu Ülikooli teiseks juuraprofessoriks, 1639. a. nimetati ta õigusteaduskonna dekaaniks

Lennuk Tartu kohal pani aluse esimesele Eesti filmistuudiole / Jaan Ruus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ruus, Jaan, 1938-2017

2005-01-01

Johannes Pääsukese (1892-1918) "Utotškini lendamised Tartu kohal 14. ja 15. aprillil 1912", mis on seni teadaolevalt esimene eestlase filmitud kroonikapala. Lisatud tabelid "Esimene film" ja "Meie naabrite esimesed", mis toovad ära aastad, mil maailma eri riikides sündis esimene kinofilm

Varemed ja aiad : barokk-kirjanduse esteetika Bernard Kangro Tartu-romaanides / Maarja Hollo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hollo, Maarja

2014-01-01

Tuuakse välja barokk-kirjanduse ja Bernard Kangro romaanide olulisemad ühisjooned ning peatutakse Walter Benjamini allegooriakäsitlustel, mille valguses analüüsitakse Tartu-romaanides esinevaid allegoorilisi stseene

Genealogy of behaviourist peace research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Real P. Sousa

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the behaviourist “non-normative” Peace Research (PR tradition with two objectives. One objective is to locate this field in relation to closely related fields of research. PR specificity is: the dependent variable of peace and conflict when compared with Political Science and International Relations; the normative concern with the causes of war when compared with Strategic Studies; and the rejection of the “practicality” of research and a restraint on normativity when compared with Peace Studies (defined as peace research, peace teaching and peace action and Conflict Resolution. Also, PR is considered here as one of the sub-fields of International Security Studies. The second objective of the paper is to present the history of PR. Since its creation in the 1950s, with a focus on inter-state conflict as an alternative to Strategic Studies, PR had two defining periods: one in the late 1960s labelled as the “socialist revolution”, with the conceptualisation of peace as more than the absence of war (positive peace and a challenge for normativity in research; and a second period in the 1980s that brought the broadening of the referent object to intra-state conflict and liberal peace, and the emergence of other social sciences dedicated to the study of issues in, or close to, PR, broadly defined as security with some of them adopting a normative stance in research. The epistemological community of PR kept its behaviourist approach in spite of these two normative challenges, and its distinctiveness and unity is much due to its method.

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty: a critical assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamel-Green, Michael.

1990-01-01

The study commences with a brief analysis of the nuclear free zone concept (NFZ) as it has evolved internationally, particularly in the UN context. The historical development, internationally-perceived objectives, definition, and key attributes of the regional NFZ concept, are discussed with the aim of developing a systematic framework and departure point for analysing the provisions and features of the Rarotonga Treaty. The Rarotonga Treaty is then analysed according to five key NFZ attributes: scope, domain, control system, implementation, and relation to collateral measures. It is argued that the treaty is highly selective in its scope, limited in its geographical application, less stringent in its control system than the Tlatelolco Treaty, and rigid in its amendment provisions, and that the implementation process does not envisage follow-on stages or collateral measures oriented to further denuclearization of the region. The ensuing chapters examine the motivation of the Australian Government in initiating and negotiating the treaty, and the nature of the United States, Soviet Union and regional state responses to it. The final chapter critically examines the various claims made for the treaty's contribution to regional and global security, argues that the treaty represented a regional consolidation of US and ANZUS nuclear interests at a time of strategic expansion in the Pacific, and considers some of the consequences and implications of the treaty, regionally and globally. 545 refs

Top dogs have set the agenda for peace: international social position and peace attitudes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hartmann, A.; van der Veer, C.G.

2003-01-01

Everybody agrees that peace is good, but not on how to achieve it. The Y2K study contained many questions on peace proposals, as well as on prospects for East/West and North/South peace. It ranked these proposals by popularity and studied how the social positions of the 1967 respondents and their

Performances of Peace : Utrecht 1713

NARCIS (Netherlands)

2015-01-01

The Peace of Utrecht (1713), which brought an end to the War of the Spanish Succession, was a milestone in global history. Performances of Peace aims to rethink the significance of the Peace of Utrecht by exploring the nexus between culture and politics. For too long, cultural and political

Developmentally Appropriate Peace Education Curricula

Science.gov (United States)

Lewsader, Joellen; Myers-Walls, Judith A.

2017-01-01

Peace education has been offered to children for decades, but those curricula have been only minimally guided by children's developmental stages and needs. In this article, the authors apply their research on children's developmental understanding of peace along with peace education principles and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory to present…

Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Treaty Status Dataset

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The Socioeconomic Data and Application Center (SEDAC) Treaty Status Dataset contains comprehensive treaty information for multilateral environmental agreements,...

Committees and groups related to the EURATOM treaty

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marcus, F.R. [comp.] [Nordic Nuclear Safety Research, Roskilde (Denmark)

1997-09-01

The EURATOM Treaty has not been modified since its creation (Rome, 25 March 1957) but has simply been adapted to take account of the fusion of the executive bodies of the three original European Treaties and the enlargement with new Member States. The EURATOM Treaty is in existence simultaneously with the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. No changes in the EURATOM Treaty that influence the practical working conditions were brought about in the 1997 intergovernmental conference. This edition of the survey of groups related to the EURATOM Treaty is an update of earlier versions issued in Danish language. It is sponsored by the Nordic Committee for Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) in conjunction with the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI). The main purpose is to informally provide those circles in the Nordic countries who want to get acquainted with the groups involved in work related to EURATOM with a simplified overview. The present edition is not different from earlier issues in that it contains an outline without the intent to go into details, and without the ambition to be complete. It thus does not represent an official picture of the committees and groups. Nor should it be seen as an organisation chart of related Commission services. The information is mostly based on personal contacts with persons having knowledge from work with the groups in question. The author would be grateful for corrections and suggestions in order to improve the picture given. 15 figs.

Committees and groups related to the EURATOM treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marcus, F.R.

1997-09-01

The EURATOM Treaty has not been modified since its creation (Rome, 25 March 1957) but has simply been adapted to take account of the fusion of the executive bodies of the three original European Treaties and the enlargement with new Member States. The EURATOM Treaty is in existence simultaneously with the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. No changes in the EURATOM Treaty that influence the practical working conditions were brought about in the 1997 intergovernmental conference. This edition of the survey of groups related to the EURATOM Treaty is an update of earlier versions issued in Danish language. It is sponsored by the Nordic Committee for Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) in conjunction with the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI). The main purpose is to informally provide those circles in the Nordic countries who want to get acquainted with the groups involved in work related to EURATOM with a simplified overview. The present edition is not different from earlier issues in that it contains an outline without the intent to go into details, and without the ambition to be complete. It thus does not represent an official picture of the committees and groups. Nor should it be seen as an organisation chart of related Commission services. The information is mostly based on personal contacts with persons having knowledge from work with the groups in question. The author would be grateful for corrections and suggestions in order to improve the picture given

Nuclear weapons non proliferation treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1969-01-01

Taking into account the devastation that a nuclear war would inflict upon mankind, and the resulting need to do all that is in our power to keep such a tragedy from occuring, as well as to implement measures to safeguard all the peoples' safety, each State that owns nuclear weapons and that is a part of the Treaty pledges not to trade nuclear weapons, other explosive devices nor the control over such instruments to any other entity whatsoever, wether directly or indirectly. Likewise, all States that does not posses any nuclear weaponry and that are part of the Treaty, in turn pledge not to receive from any other entity nuclear weaponry or other explosive devices in trade, wether directly or indirectly; not to manufacture or otherwise acquire this fashion of weaponry and not to request or accept any help whatsoever in the manufacturing of nuclear weaponry or related devices. The present Treaty remains open to the subscription of other countries, on July 26, 1968, with Mexico as one of the signatory countries

Law 16.597 approve correction to Treaty for the proscription of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

Approve it the amendments to the Treaty for the Proscription of the Nuclear Weapons in the Latin America (Treaty of TLATELOLCO), adopted for the General Conference of the Organism for the Proscription of the Nuclear Weapons in the Latin America and the Caribbean in their seventh extraordinary period of Sessions, in Mexico D:F., August of 1992, resolution 26 Not. 290(VII) [es

78 FR 21787 - Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-11

... Trademark Office 37 CFR Parts 1 and 3 Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty; Proposed Rule #0;#0...-0007] RIN 0651-AC85 Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Patent Law Treaties...

Peace at last? Appraisal of the Addis Ababa Peace and Security ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

As a result, the Congolese government and other peace stakeholders in the Great Lakes region and beyond signed the Addis Ababa Peace and Security Cooperation (PSC) Framework in February 2013, paving the way to the adoption, a month later, of Resolution 2098 by the United Nations (UN) Security Council.

Help Increase the Peace, A Youth-Focused Program in Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Mary Lee; Austad, Carol Shaw; Cota, Kate

2011-01-01

This study investigated specific attitudes and beliefs, related to the concepts of peace education, of participants in an "Introductory, basic help increase the peace program" (HIPP) workshop. Pre- and post-workshop ratings showed significant differences on two important attitudinal variables: first, the importance of being familiar with the…

Safety controls according to the non-proliferation treaty in EC countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pander, J. von.

1978-01-01

Above all, content and extent of the duty conferred upon the IAEA according to article III, paragraph 1 of the NP treaty which implies the conducting of safety controls and the consequences resulting here from are examined. Including the peaceful use of nuclear energy developing under international law the agreement on safety control signed on 5th April 1973 between IAEA and EURATOM as well as its seven non-nuclear-weapon member states is discussed, along with its technical and its implicit legal problems. In detail the manifold technical and judicial problems of IAEA safety controls are shown, their realization requiring a well-working cooperation between IAEA and the European Communities. As only the non-nuclear-weapon member states of the EC are subject to the IAEA safety control system within the frame of this agreement the following questions are discussed: 1. effects on the member status after the signing of the EURATOM contract and 2. granting the principle of equal treatment for all member states as against the nuclear-weapon member states of the EC, France and the United Kingdom. (orig./HP) [de

Experience in non-proliferation verification: The Treaty of Raratonga

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walker, R.A.

1998-01-01

The verification provisions of the Treaty of Raratonga are subdivided into two categories: those performed by IAEA and those performed by other entities. A final provision of the Treaty of Raratonga is relevant to IAEA safeguards according to support of the continued effectiveness of the international non-proliferation system based on the Non-proliferation Treaty and the IAEA safeguards system. The non-IAEA verification process is described as well

The PEC Network 1993. Directory of the Peace Education Commission. Peace Education Miniprints, No. 47.

Science.gov (United States)

Bjerstedt, Ake, Ed.

This extensive list of the council members of the Peace Education Commission (PEC) from 1992-1994 gives mailing addresses and some telephone and fax numbers to enable direct contact with network members. The Peace Education Commission (PEC) facilitates international cooperation among individuals interested in peace education and research related…

Dokumente ja materjale Tartu saksa ülikooli kohta aastast 1918 / Reinhold Zilch ; [inglise keelest] tõlkinud Vahur Aabrams ; kommenteerinud Sirje Tamul

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Zilch, Reinhold, 1952-

2010-01-01

Tartu saksa ülikool eksisteeris 15. septembrist kuni 1. detsembrini 1918. Valimik tähtsamaid dokumente. Keskset rolli Tartu saksa ülikooli ülesehitamisel mängis Hans Helfritz. Dokumendid kajastavad Preisi haridusministeeriumi võitlust mõju pärast ülikoolis

Kuldkala lugu tõi Tartu noortele filmijatele üleeuroopalise tunnustuse / Merilyn Merisalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Merisalu, Merilyn

2008-01-01

Üleeuroopalisel lühifilmikonkursil "Keeled läbi objektiivi" said parima filmi ja publiku lemmiku preemia Tartu Ülikooli tudengid Richard Meitern, Martin Liira ja Urmas Reisberg lühimängufilmiga "No Fishing"

The coexistence of peace and conflict in South America: toward a new conceptualization of types of peace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Mario Battaglino

2012-12-01

Full Text Available South America's predominant democratic regimes and its increasing interdependence on regional trade have not precluded the emergence of militarized crises between Colombia and Venezuela or the revival of boundary claims between Chile and Peru. This way, how can we characterize a zone that, in spite of its flourishing democracy and dense economic ties, remain involved in territorial disputes for whose resolution the use of force has not yet been discarded? This article contends that existing classifications of zones of peace are not adequate to explain this unusual coexistence. Thus, its main purpose is to develop a new analytical category of regional peace for assessing this phenomenon: the hybrid peace. It aims to research the evolution of security systems in South America during the previous century and build a new, threefold classification of peace zones: negative peace zones, hybrid peace zones, and positive peace zones.

78 FR 62367 - Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-21

... Office 37 CFR Parts 1, 3 and 11 Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal... 0651-AC85 Changes To Implement the Patent Law Treaty AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Commerce. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012 (PLTIA) amends...

Tartu füüsikud registreerisid valguse kiirusest kiiremad lained / Herki Köbas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Köbas, Herki

1997-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli füüsikute P. Saari ja K. Reivelti publikatsioon maailma mainekamas füüsikauudiste ajakirjas "Physical Review Letters". Valgusekiirusest suurema kiirusega liikuvate lainete registreerimine

Nationality non-discrimination in Serbian tax treaty law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kostić Svetislav V.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the nationality non-discrimination provision in Serbian double taxation treaties. First the author analyses the historical development of the nationality non-discrimination clause found the in the OECD Model Tax Convention and illustrates the dilemmas related to its interpretation, particularly the relevance of residence of taxpayers for comparability purposes and the application of Art. 24.1 of the OECD Model Tax Convention. Subsequently, the author turns his attention to the solutions found in Serbian double taxation treaties which are methodologically divided into three groups. One of them stands out as the most notable, being unique in global terms: double taxation treaties which provide for a prohibition of discriminatory treatment based on residence. The author critically addresses the fundamental flaws of the Serbian double taxation treaty policy which are recognized thorough a detailed scrutiny of the relevant norms of these international agreements.

STUDENTS: COMMUNICATION AND PEACE CULTURE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Arapé Copello

2008-11-01

Full Text Available This paper shows a research about Communication and Peace Culture developed with Venezuelan students. We did a theoretical review and field-work with students. We are looking for visions and perceptions about communication to peace from students. The research is focused on three student groups who live near of Venezuela frontier. We work with three test: (COMPAZ-1, Peace Builder and Learning to Dialoguing. The students show changes in their initials perceptions after the workshop. The experience developed that short training could be useful to be better the communication behavior as support of peace project.

Dangers of peace journalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilhelm Kempf

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The sense of mission shared by some peace journalists is a dangerous attitude. All journalists can do to give peace a chance is to serve as mediators, helping conflict parties overcome the competitive misperceptions and societal beliefs that fuel conflict. If peace journalists try to promote and impose their own solutions, however, frustration is inevitable and will finally result in the search for an evildoer who can be made responsible. Thus by involving themselves in conflicts, journalists can become unintentional agents of conflict escalation.

Membership Directory of the PEC Network: Mailing Addresses of the Peace Education Commission. Peace Education Miniprints No. 21.

Science.gov (United States)

Bjerstedt, Ake, Ed.

The Peace Education Commission (PEC) was established to facilitate international cooperation among individuals interested in peace education and research related to peace education. The main ambition of PEC is to serve as a useful network for transnational information and support in the peace education area. This document provides current mailing…

Building a Culture of Peace through Global Citizenship Education: An Enriched Approach to Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Toh, Swee-Hin; Cawagas, Virginia

2017-01-01

Thought leaders in peace education, Swee-Hin Toh was awarded the UNESCO Prize for Peace Education in 2000, and Virginia Cawagas served as a Professor at the University for Peace in Costa Rica. Both actively support the work of the Asia-Pacific Centre of Education for International Understanding (APCEIU) under the auspices of UNESCO in Seoul, Korea.

Kajian Perbandingan Tax Treaty Model: OECD, UN, dan US

OpenAIRE

Rachmawati, Dyna

2003-01-01

The needs of tax treaty arise as International trade growth rapidly due to advancement of information technology. Taxa imposed on income derived from International trade are double. Tax treaty or tax convention is bilateral agreement for the avoidance of double taxation. This agreement arranges taxation rights. There are 3 (three) tax treaty model, which is used as reference to make bilateral agreement for the avoidance of double taxation. The first one is OECD Model made by The OECD...

Realism and Peaceful Change

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wivel, Anders

2018-01-01

This chapter discusses how to understand peaceful change from the perspective of classical realism, structural realism and neoclassical realism.......This chapter discusses how to understand peaceful change from the perspective of classical realism, structural realism and neoclassical realism....

The Emergence of Denmark’s Tax Treaty Network — A Historical View

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schmidt Peter Koerver

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This contribution analyzes the origin and creation of Denmark’s tax treaty network in a historical perspective. The development of the Danish treaty network is studied through an international perspective and by discussing a number of milestone events. It is concluded that the general tendency has pointed toward a continuously growing Danish treaty network and also that the question on abuse of the treaties has become of greater concern during the past decades. Moreover, it is argued that the growing number and importance of Denmark’s tax treaties over time created a need for the Danish parliament to be more directly involved in the conclusion of new tax treaties.

Verification methods for treaties limiting and banning nuclear tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voloshin, N.P.

1998-01-01

Treaty on limitation of underground nuclear weapon tests and treaty on world banning of nuclear tests contribute to and accompany the process of nuclear disarmament. Test ban in three (Moscow treaty of 1963) as well as the Threshold Test Ban up to 1991 was controlled only with national means. But since 1991 nuclear test threshold of 150 kt has been measured with hydrodynamic and tele seismic methods and checked by the inspection. Distinctive feature of this control is that control is that it is bilateral. This conforms to Treaty on limitation of underground nuclear weapon tests signed by two countries - USA and USSR. The inspection at the place of tests requires monitoring of the test site of the party conducting a test and geological information of rock in the area of explosion. In the treaty of the World Nuclear Test Ban the following ways of international control are provided for: - seismologic measurements; - radionuclide measurements; - hydro-acoustics measurements; - infra-sound measurements; - inspection at the place of the tests conduction

Governing the Israeli-Palestinian peace process: The European Union Partnership for Peace

NARCIS (Netherlands)

İşleyen, B.

2015-01-01

This study applies a governmentality approach to analyse the European Union’s civil society promotion in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process through the EU’s Partnership for Peace instrument. Contrary to a widespread conviction in earlier academic research, it argues that the EU

Tartu Ülikool võeti Utrechti võrgustiku liikmeks / Lauri Randveer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Randveer, Lauri

2006-01-01

Utrechti ülikoolide koostöövõrgustiku (Utrecht Network) esindajad hääletasid Tartu Ülikooli võrgustiku liikmeks vastuvõtmise poolt. Võrgustik tegutseb kõrghariduse rahvusvahelistumise suunas, arendades koostööd üliõpilaste ja õppejõudude vahetuse ja õppekavade rahvusvahelistumise vallas

Universalization or abandonment: which perspectives for the INF Treaty? Analysis note

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fornel, Pierre de

2008-07-01

The author discusses the future of the INF Treaty (Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty). This future is directly related to the evolutions of the strategic Russian-American relationship, but also to issues of ballistic proliferation and to related efforts to stem them, and to issues related to access to space. Thus, the author discusses the relationships between the INF Treaty and multilateral instruments of ballistic non proliferation. He discusses the possible perspective of a universalization of the INF Treaty, and the Russian initiative of universalization of the Treaty. He finally addresses the perspectives and stakes of future negotiations within a positive context of support of the USA to this initiative, and of French proposals on short range and medium range missiles. Issues will then concern the implementation of a control system, and of guarantees, the entry into force of the treaty. Obstacles on this way are evoked

The Limited Test Ban Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loeb, B.S.

1991-01-01

This paper discusses the Limited Test Ban Treaty which came at the end of nearly five years of frustrated efforts to obtain a comprehensive test ban. Negotiations toward that end had begun in October 1958. At the same time a voluntary, informal moratorium on tests was initiated. The negotiations soon stalled over the Soviet Union's resistance to internationally supervised inspections on its soil. In April 1959 a phased ban that was to be limited at first to atmospheric tests conducted below an altitude of 50 kilometers. Such tests were thought to be easily verifiable. The Soviets rejected this idea and continued to insist that a complete test ban need not require numerous inspections. The two sides nevertheless appeared to be nearing agreement on a treaty to ban all but relatively small underground tests when, in May 1960, an U.S. U-2 reconnaissance plane was shot down over Soviet territory. After a thorough review of the U.S. position, the Kennedy administration proposed in April 1961 a draft treaty that made several concessions toward the Soviet position. Nevertheless, the Soviets, still disagreeing with the provisions for verification and with the makeup of the control organization, rejected it

Maaleht soovitab : XIII Tartu rahvamuusikapäev. Algab festival Ariel. Salongiõhtud kahe lauto ja lauluga

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

26. okt. toimuvad Tartu Saksa Kultuuri Instituudi saalis kontserdid Tartu ja Tartumaa rahvamuusikutelt. 26.-27. okt. toimub Tallinnas V juudi süvakultuuri festival "Ariel", mille peaesinejaks on klarnetist David Krakauer ansambliga Klezmer Madness1 USAst. Corelli Musicu salongiõhtutel festivali "Fiesta de la Guitarra" raames esineb trio koosseisus Stewart McCoy (lautomängija), Robert Staak (lautomängija) ja Maria Staak (laulja), kontserdid 5. nov. sarjas "Maardu mõisa muusikasalong", 8. nov. Pärnu hotellis sarjas "Café Grandi muusikasalong" ja 9. nov. Mooste mõisas sarjas "Mõisaromantika"

Ajalooteadus Tartu Ülikoolis 19. sajandi lõpul - 20. sajandi algul / Ljudmilla Dubjeva

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Dubjeva, Ljudmila, 1954-

2008-01-01

Ajalooteaduse arengu üldtendentsidest vaadeldaval perioodil. Vene ajaloo õppetoolist Tartu Ülikoolis 19. sajandi lõpus ja 20. sajandi alguses. Vene ajaloo uurijatest teistes õppetoolides. Keskaja ajaloo õppetoolist ja uusaja ajaloo õppetoolist.

Tartu teadlased avastasid taimedel ammu otsitud põuakindluse geeni / Ulvar Käärt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Käärt, Ulvar, 1982-

2008-01-01

Tartu ülikooli teadlased said koostöös Helsingi ja California San Diego ülikooli kolleegidega maha tähtas avastusega, mis tõotab aluse panna senisest kuivakindlamate põllukultuuride aretamisele

Ocean Dumping: International Treaties

Science.gov (United States)

The London Convention and London Protocol are global treaties to protect the marine environment from pollution caused by the ocean dumping of wastes. The Marine, Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act implements the requirements of the LC.

Impending revision of the euratom treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fahl, G.

1979-01-01

The decision by the European Court of Justice in the matter of the EEC's participation in international negotiations on safety problems of the nuclear fuel cycle is of basic importance, beyond the case to which it referred, in the interpretation of the respective provisions of the Euratom Treaty in the nuclear fuel sector. The reasoning of the European Court of Justice, which constitutes a reinforcement and advancement of the responsibilities and rights of the EEC, has made France ask for a revision of the Treaty. (orig.) [de

Introducing the PEC Network: Mailing Addresses of the Peace Education Commission. Peace Education Miniprints No. 1.

Science.gov (United States)

Bjerstedt, Ake, Ed.

The Peace Education Commission (PEC) was established to facilitate international cooperation among individuals interested in peace education and research related to the field. The major ambition of PEC is to serve as a useful network for transnational information and support in the peace education area. This document gives current mailing…

A treaty banning nuclear weapons and its implications for the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Güven, O.; van der Meer, S.

2015-01-01

International support for a new multilateral treaty banning nuclear weapons is increasing. What implications would such a treaty have for the Netherlands? This policy brief describes the legal and political context of such a treaty and examines the implications of two scenarios: one in which the

??? - Bern 1935 - Tartu 1995 : [Protokolõ sionskihh mudretsov] / Kristiina Ross ; ter.: Majana Abramson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ross, Kristiina, 1955-

1996-01-01

Sisu: Tartu 1995; 'Protokolõ' kak takovõje; Original 'Protokolov'; Predõstorija sozdanija mifa o pokorenii mira jevrejami - volnõmi kamenshtshikami; 'Protokolõ' v ideologitsheskom hodu; 'Protokolõ' i natsism; Bern 1935-1937

Australia: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Model Treaty text

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-02-01

The scope of the proposed Treaty includes the following: Each State Party undertakes not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion, and to prohibit and prevent any such nuclear explosion at any place under its jurisdiction or control; each State Party undertakes, furthermore, to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in the carrying out of any nuclear weapon tests explosion or any other nuclear explosion

Lisbon Treaty – the architect of a new European institutional structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria POPESCU

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The European Union is today managed by the Lisbon Treaty, which stated, in his time, and rightly so, that is a step towards European integration, both at the institutional and human level, a treaty that succeed, despite difficulties, to move forward the European project that combined his account about half a century. The changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty have a significant impact on EU governance. Treaty of Lisbon makes substantial changes in the management of the EU, especially with regard to the European Council, the Council of Ministers and the EU's rotating presidency. The main task of the research in this paper is the approach of the provisions of the EU Reform Treaty (Lisbon Treaty in terms of constitutional law. Research conducted prior to permit formulation of a general belief, namely that common European history of all its successes and difficulties demonstrates the viability of the European idea and the correct direction of institutional developments in the EU and the Member States.

Reflections of a Peace Educator: The Power and Challenges of Peace Education with Pre-Service Teachers

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, Sharon Anne

2014-01-01

This retrospective essay examines one long-standing peace and global education initiative for pre-service teacher candidates. The article probes the meanings of peace education and of global education embedded in the program, as well as the program's apparent consequences: What understandings of peace education did the pre-service candidates…

Cosmopolitanism and peace in Kant's essay on 'Perpetual Peace'

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Huggler, Jørgen

2010-01-01

Immanuel Kant's essay on Perpetual Peace (1795/96) contains a rejection of the idea of a world government (earlier advocated by Kant himself). In connexion with a substantial argument for cosmopolitan rights based on the human body and its need for a space on the surface of the Earth, Kant presents...... the most rigorous philosophical formulation ever given of the limitations of the cosmopolitan law. In this contribution, Kant's essay is analysed and the reasons he gives for these restrictions discussed in relation to his main focus: to project a realistic path to perpetual peace....

War, Peace, and Peace Education: Experiences and Perspectives of Pre-Service Teachers

Science.gov (United States)

Gurdogan-Bayir, Omur; Bozkurt, Mahmut

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to reveal the perceptions of preservice teachers with war experience regarding war, peace and peace education. In the study, the phenomenological design was applied. The participants of the study were individuals who experienced wars or conflicts for several reasons in their countries and who received teacher training…

Revisiting peace and conflict studies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hagmann, Tobias

2014-01-01

dominant geopolitics it initially set out to criticise. Secondly, I will map – undoubtedly in cursory and incomplete fashion – the scholarly communities and literatures dealing with questions of peace and conflict. Rather than a literature review or an attempt at synthesis, my purpose is to highlight...... the broad variety of existing units of analysis, motivations, theories and methodologies of peace and conflict studies. Thirdly, I will propose a number of suggestions for a research attitude that, in absence of a better word, I subsume under the heading of ‘critical peace and conflict research’, striving...... to understand peace and conflict as concomitantly subjective and objective, as critique and hegemony, as normative and value-free, as local and global....

Housing differences in the late soviet city : the case of Tartu, Estonia / Hill Kulu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kulu, Hill

2003-01-01

Autor teeb 1989. aasta rahvaloenduse andmetele tuginedes ülevaate Tartu elanikkonna eluasemete omandivormidest, elamistingimuste erinevustest ning seda mõjutavatest teguritest nõukogude perioodi lõpul. Diagrammid ja tabelid

What Do Students Learn when We Teach Peace? A Qualitative Assessment of a Theater Peace Program

Science.gov (United States)

Duckworth, Cheryl Lynn; Allen, Barb; Williams, Teri Triguba

2012-01-01

This is a qualitative assessment of a theater arts peace education program for high-school students. We present the results of qualitative interviews with students who participated in a peace education program. They tell us in their own words what they believe they learned. Given that most peace education evaluation is quantitative or focuses on…

European constitution and EURATOM treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heller, W.

2003-01-01

The European Council held in Laeken in December 2001 had decided to call a convention preparing the next conference of the heads of state and government which, among other topics, was to deliberate the question of a fully formulated European constitution. Under the presidency of Giscard d'Estaing, all delegates to the European Convention on July 10, 2003 signed the draft treaty for a European constitution. This final document is the basis of the conference of the heads of state and government to begin in October 2003. On this occasion, the draft of a separate chapter on energy could well come up again for examination. This chapter had been introduced only at the end of the deliberations of the convention and adds to the competences of the EU institutions. Also the Euratom Treaty was a topic of the convention preparing the constitution. As the presidency felt that no specific issues had been raised in the Laeken declaration, it is proposed to adapt the Euratom Treaty to the new provisions of the constitution by adding a protocol. This would mean that the European Atomic Energy Community, for the time being, would retain its independent legal status. The contents would have to be examined at some later date. Consequently, the real discussion of the Euratom Treaty is yet to come. Also, the speedy completion of the single market for electricity would make it desirable for the Community to adopt a uniform, positive stance in the use of nuclear power at the best possible safety standards so as to ensure a level playing field. Current events entailing power failures in the United States and the United Kingdom have alerted the public to the problem of the continuity of power supply. This could well be the beginning of a new, unbiased, balanced energy discussion in a bigger Europe. (orig.)

Is peace not for everyone? : Narratives on a struggle for peace, equality and development in Sudan : Narratives on a struggle for peace, equality and development in Sudan

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verwijk, M

2012-01-01

Once again, the award of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize focused our attention on the vital role women play in conflict resolution. However, what do we really know about their role in peace processes? Do women count, as declared by the Security Council in Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security?

Tartu teadlased aitavad välja mõelda Ebola-vastast vaktsiini / Aime Jõgi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jõgi, Aime, 1958-

2014-01-01

Eesti biotehnoloogiafirma Icosagen hakkab koos Soome ettevõtte FIT Biotech Oy'ga välja töötama Ebola viiruse vastast vaktsiini, arendustöös osaleb ka Tartu Ülikooli Tehnoloogiainstituudi rakendusviroloogia labor

Border Cosmopolitanism in Critical Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Golding, David

2017-01-01

This paper intends to contribute to recent developments in the theory of critical peace education. The role of cosmopolitanism in critical peace education is examined, particularly in relation to universal moral inclusion, secularism and universalism. It is then recommended that critical peace education draw from post-universalist and dialogical…

Majad kohanesid kameeleonina ajaga : millised oleksid võinud Tartu hooned olla / Mari-Liis Pintson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pintson, Mari-Liis

2008-01-01

Tartusse ehitatud hoonete esialgsest ning lõplikust väliskujust. Tasku (Koma), Plasku, GMP Plaza hoonetest, Tartu Kaubamajast, Vabaduse sillast. Kommenteerivad arhitektid Andres Lunge, Kalle Rõõmus, Tiit Sild

Tartu spordimaja võitis parima terasehitise tiitli / Aivar Õepa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Õepa, Aivar, 1967-

2006-01-01

Eesti Teraskonstruktsiooniühing valis viimase viie aasta parimaks teraskonstruktsiooniga tervikehitiseks Tartu spordihoone A. Le Coq Sport (arhitekt Eero Palm, konstruktsioonide autor Randväli & Karema AS). Parima insenerilahenduse auhinna sai eestlaste teostatud Läti jäähalli Arena Riga katusekonstruktsioon. Parima arhitektuurse lahenduse auhinna sai Eesti Panga siseõue galerii, mille projekteeris arhitektuuribüroo Urban Mark. Kommenteerib Ivar Talvik

Atoms for peace and the nonproliferation treaty: unintended consequences

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Streeper, Charles Blamires

2009-01-01

inherent danger of diminishing or dismissing lower-level threats in exchange for enhanced focus on high priority special nuclear materials with the basis for this emphasis being solely on the magnitude of the consequences of a single event. Mitigating all possible or likely terrorist attacks is impossible; however, weaponized sources, in the form of a radiological dispersal device, have been a declared target material of Al-Qaida. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative promoted the spread of the paradoxical beneficial yet destructive properties of the atom. Typically, the focus of nonproliferation efforts focuses on the fissile materials associated with Weapons of Mass Destruction, with less emphasis on radioactive materials that could be used for a Weapon of Mass Disruption. Most nonproliferation policy discussion involves securing or preventing the diversion of weapons grade fissile materials (uranium (U) with concentration of over 90% of the isotope 235 U (HEU) and plutonium with more than 90% of the isotope 239 Pu), with scant attention given to the threat posed by a prolific quantity of sources spread worldwide. Further acerbating the problem of inattention, it appears that the momentum of the continued evolution in the beneficial applications of sources will only increase in the near future. Several expert studies have demonstrated on the potentially devastating economic, psychological and public health impacts of terrorist use of a radiological dispersal or radiation emitting device (ROD/RED) in a metropolis. The development of such a weapon, from the acquisition of the radioactive material to the technical knowledge needed to fashion it into an ROD, is many orders of magnitude easier than diverting enough fissile material for and fabrication/acquisition of a nuclear weapon. Unlike nuclear weapons, worldwide, there are many well documented accounts of accidental and purposeful diversions of radioactive materials from regulatory control. As of the end of 2008, the

The Peaceful Revolts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thue, Fredrik W.; Hansen, Else; Brandt, Thomas

2017-01-01

The student revolts of 1968 in the Nordic countries were peaceful in comparison with what happened in places like Berlin, Paris or Rome. Students in the Nordic countries were also protesting and revolting against the authoritarian traditions of higher education, but only rarely did they take...... to the streets like their German and French counterparts. As this chapter argues, the relatively peacefulness of the Nordic 1968 must be understood within a wider political context. The growth within higher education went hand in hand with the development of the welfare state. Students' demands for reform...... converged with university policy development, especially in terms of democratization in higher education. Still, by drawing on examples from Copenhagen, Oslo, Reykjavik and Trondheim, the chapter shows that there were many tensions and paradoxes related to the various ways these peaceful revolts were played...

Bill authorizing the ratification of the protocol amending the Protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the Treaty on European Union, to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-01-01

After an indication of the European Parliament composition, this text describes the transitional provisions adopted as the Lisbon Treaty did not come into effect before the European elections held in June 2009. The document also provides the protocol text signed by the Members States and which amended the protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the Treaty on the European Union, to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community. The last part of the document discusses the administrative and legal consequences of this protocol. It also recalls the history of the negotiations and indicates the present status of signatures and ratifications

Education for a Culture of Peace: The Culture of Peace News Network as a Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, David

2013-01-01

The Culture of Peace News Network, an internet news service, is analyzed in the framework of a general approach to education for a culture of peace. Its format reflects the eight program areas for a culture of peace as adopted by the UN General Assembly. Among its other operating principles are universality of news with all cultures and regions of…

Peace and development: two sides of the same coin?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viveros Tafur, Memphis Ronald

2015-07-01

Full Text Available There is the notion that peace and development are positively correlated, that peace drives development and that development drives peace, for Galtung (1985: 147 Peace and Development should be regarded as two sides of the same coin and considers development in relation to peace. This paper shows that peace and development are uncorrelated in several countries where there is peace without development or development without peace. The use of quantitative models as a tool for the analysis is a plus for the findings because most of the related theories are qualitative.

Disarmament and Peace Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Reardon, Betty

1978-01-01

Questions of disarmament and the legitimacy of the nation-state system should be the core of peace education and should comprise a major aspect of citizenship education. The approach to peace education should be cognitive and affective, intellectual and political, and should be initiated in the early elementary years. (Author/KC)

Rush-Bagot and the upkeep of arms treaties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Neill, B.

1991-01-01

Signing an arms treaty after a long negotiation brings a great sense of completion, but that is only the beginning. Living under a treaty - implementing it, resolving different interpretations and compliance disputes, adapting it to changed times - is itself a continuing negotiating process. Handling this process poorly can greatly undermine the original agreement. But nurturing a treaty properly can strengthen it and keep it effective in new circumstances. The history of the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817, which limited warships on the Great Lakes, provides examples of many of the problems that can come up. It was violated, subjected to proportional responses, threatened with unilateral reinterpretation and abrogation, modified by executive agreement, and violated again. It proved hard to kill, but ultimately these successive traumas compromised its purpose and value. Indeed, continual threats and violations worsened the rancor between the US and Canada. Today, what influence the agreement still has on restraining armaments on the lakes flows mainly from its symbolism; although the agreement remains in force, none of its original provisions are currently observed. In many ways - violations, untenable reinterpretations, proposals for proportionate responses, claims of technological obsolescence - the Rush-Bagot experience foreshadowed the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty's troubles over the past decade. But the ABM Treaty's drafters built in provisions to deal with such problems. The Rush-Bagot experience offers lessons for managing today's accords - but largely lessons in what not to do

Education for Peace: A Conference Report from Budapest. Peace Education Reports No. 10.

Science.gov (United States)

Bjerstedt, Ake, Ed.

Eight papers and nine summaries of papers present themes and discussions addressed during the European Peace Research Association (EUPRA) conference in Budapest (Hungary) in 1993. Following an introduction with overview information regarding the conference, the first three sections present eight papers on areas studies, peace museums, concepts,…

Riia literaatide õnnesoovid Tartu Akadeemiale 1632. aastal / tlk. ja komment. [ja eessõna:] Janika Päll, Kristi Viiding

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Luuletuste tekst ladina ja kreeka keeles, rööptekst eesti keeles. Eessõna lk. 2493-2501. Kokkuvõte "Congratulations by Riga literati to the Academy of Tartu in 1632", lk. 2696-2697. Acclamationes votivae sub novo auspicio Regiae Dorpatensis Academiae [---] factae ab iis, qui sunt ex ordine Literatorum Rigae Metropolitanae totius Livoniae (Õnnesoovihüüded Tartu Kuningliku Akadeemia uueks õnnelikuks alguseks [---] nende sulest, kes kuuluvad kogu Liivimaa pealinna literaatide seisusesse). Kogumik sisaldas 6 ladinakeelset ja 1 kreekakeelse luuletuse

Poland: Lone Eagle over Europe

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-17

found himself surrounded by enemies. To complicate matters, the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference left many unanswered questions...reported Russian forces 75 miles from Warsaw and laying siege to the fortresses of Lomza and Brest -Litovsk along the Bug River.80 Like Pilsudski’s drive...territories granted by the Treaty of Versailles and the Paris Peace Conference.124 With the possibility of war, the Poles turned their nation’s military

Nuclear-weapon-free zones: Pursuing security, region by region. Conference of States Parties and Signatories of treaties that establish nuclear-weapon-free zones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

ElBaradei, M.

2005-01-01

The development of nuclear-weapon-free zones, over the past four decades, is a testament to what nations can do, region by region, to achieve common security objectives. In fact, when considering the history of nuclear non-proliferation efforts, it might be said that here in Mexico City is w here it all began . The 1967 Treaty of Tlatelolco was the first multilateral treaty to establish a region free of nuclear weapons and a requirement for comprehensive IAEA safeguards for its parties - and clearly gave impetus to the conclusion of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Nuclear-weapon-free zones provide tangible security benefits. They help to reassure the larger international community of the peaceful nuclear intentions of countries in these regions. They provide their members with security assurances against the use, or threat of use, of nuclear weapons by a nuclear-weapon State. They include control mechanisms for dealing with non-compliance in a regional setting. And in all cases, they prohibit the development, stationing or testing of nuclear weapons in their respective regions. An important benefit of these zones is that they open a forum for expanded regional dialogue on issues of security. Because the causes of insecurity vary from region to region, security solutions do not come in a 'one-size-fits-all' package. It is for this reason that regional dialogues, as we see in the nuclear-weapon-free zones, are so beneficial. It is clear that such treaties, and such security dialogues, would be invaluable in other areas of the world, such as the Middle East and the Korean Peninsula. Since the end of the Cold War, the international security landscape has undergone dramatic changes. For example, the rise in terrorism, the discovery of clandestine nuclear programmes, and the emergence of covert nuclear procurement networks have heightened our awareness of vulnerabilities in the nuclear non-proliferation regime. This statement focuses on two issues

South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-03-01

On 8 August 1986 the Protocols to the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty were adopted by the South Pacific Forum at its 17 th session, in Suva. The attached texts of the Protocols were formally communicated to the Director General by the Director of the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC) and are herewith being circulated to all Member States for their information pursuant to a request made by the Director of SPEC. Following the deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification, the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty entered into force on 11 December 1986 [es

Tartu meeriks pürgijad pakuvad - mis tooks ülikoolile Nobeli preemia / Ivar Tallo, Teet Jagomägi, Jüri Kumar, Malle Salupere...[jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2002-01-01

Tartu linnapeakandidaadid Ivar Tallo, Teet Jagomägi, Jüri Kumar, Malle Salupere, Tõni Kauba, Tõnis Lukas ja Andrus Ansip vastavad küsimustele : Tartu Ülikooli arenguvõimalustest ja -vajadustest, konkurentsivõime suurendamisest / vahendasid Sander Silm, Priit Rajalo, Ivi Drikkit

Present status of the Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Netchaev, B.

1976-01-01

The Treaty for the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons plays an important role in enhancing the security of all States. It is essential to maintain in the implementation of the Treaty an acceptable balance of the mutual responsibilities and obligations of all the countries Party to the Treaty wether or not nuclear weapon States. These questions were discussed during the Conference on the operation of the Treaty held in Geneva in May 1975. It was emphasized at the Conference that the first five years of application of the Treaty had shown a consistent increase in the number of ratifications and in the safeguards agreements concluded on the basis of the Agreement. (N.E.A.) [fr

Social psychology, war and peace: Towards a critical discursive peace psychology.

OpenAIRE

Gibson, Stephen

2011-01-01

In this paper I make two related arguments: that peace psychology and social psychological peace research should give greater attention to discourse, and that critical discursive approaches in social psychology should explore matters of international military conflict, an area which has hitherto been somewhat neglected in this tradition of work. These arguments are developed in relation to debates concerning the nature and status of psychological ‘science’, and the neglect of language in soci...

Peaceful uses of nuclear weapon plutonium; Friedliche Verwertung von Plutonium aus Kernwaffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burtak, F. [Siemens AG Bereich Energieerzeugung (KWU), Erlangen (Germany)

1996-06-01

In 1993, the U.S.A. and the CIS signed Start 2 (the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) in which they committed themselves the reduce their nuclear weapon arsenals to a fraction of that of 1991. For forty-five years the antagonism between the superpowers had been a dominating factor in world history, determining large areas of social life. When Start 2 will have been completed in 2003, some 200 t of weapon grade plutonium and some 2000 t of highly enriched uranium (Heu) will arise from dismantling nuclear weapons. In the absence of the ideological ballast of the debate about Communism versus Capitalism of the past few decades there is a chance of the grave worldwide problem of safe disposal and utilization of this former nuclear weapon material being solved. Under the heading of `swords turned into plowshares`, plutonium and uranium could be used for peaceful electricity generation. (orig.) [Deutsch] 1993 unterzeichneten die USA und GUS das Start-2-Abkommen (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), in dem sie sich zur Verringerung der Anzahl ihrer Nuklearwaffen auf einen Bruchteil des Bestandes von 1991 verpflichten. 45 Jahre lang stellte die Auseinandersetzung der Supermaechte einen dominierenden Faktor der Weltpolitik dar und bestimmte weite Teile des gesellschaftlichen Lebens. Mit der geplanten Erfuellung von Start 2 im Jahr 2003 werden ca. 200 t waffengraediges Plutonium und ca. 2000 t highly enriched uranium (Heu) aus der Demontage der Kernwaffen anfallen. Ohne den ideologischen Ballast der vergangenen jahrezehntelangen Auseinandersetzung zwischen `Kommunismus` und `Kapitalismus` besteht die Chance, das gravierende weltweite Problem der sicheren Entsorgung und Verwertung dieses ehemaligen Kernwaffenmaterials zu loesen. Unter dem Motto `Schwerter zu Pflugscharen` koennte das Plutonium und Uran zur friedlichen Elektrizitaetserzeugung genutzt werden. (orig.)

Tartu Jaani kiriku väärikas sisemus / Maris Takk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Takk, Maris

2006-01-01

Tartu Jaani kiriku (Jaani 5) sisekujundus, restaureerimispõhimõtted. Sisekujundajad: Malle Jürgenson, Krista Lepland, Tea Tammelaan, OÜ Laika, Belka & Strelka. Ehitus: peatöövõtt: AS Rand ja Tuulberg, restaureerimine: OÜ Wunibald Ehitus. Tekstiilid kavandas Anu Raud. Valguslahenduse tegemisel oli kaasautoriks Üllar Võrno. Sepisdetailid valmisid sisekujundajate ja Heigo Jelle kavandite järgi. Ill.: plaan, värv. välisvaade, 19 sisevaadet

Peace education: why and how?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pamela Baxter

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Pamela Baxter discusses why peace education programmes are so important and Vick Ikobwa presents the methodology and lessons learned from the UNHCR/INEE Peace Education Programme in East Africa and the Horn.

Peace Education: Perspectives from Costa Rica and Japan. Peace Education Miniprints No. 62.

Science.gov (United States)

Brenes, Abelardo; Ito, Takehiko

This publication explores the views of two present members of the International Peace Research Association: Abelardo Brenes and Takehiko Ito. Brenes and Ito answer 13 questions related to peace education issues in their individual interviews. Abelardo Brenes is a professor at the University of Costa Rica and a consultant to the University for…

Activity Report: Peace Education in Liberia

Science.gov (United States)

Vonhm Benda, Ebenezer Mainlehwon

2010-01-01

In March of 2009, the author decided to establish the Center for Peace Education (CPE) in Liberia solely dedicated to promoting a non-violent culture by imbuing students with the skills, knowledge, and attitude needed to peacefully coexist. To begin the process of building a culture of peace, in April of 2009, CPE conducted a baseline survey in 14…

Let Freedom Ring! Let Peace Reign!

Science.gov (United States)

Moore, Mary Elizabeth Mullino

2012-01-01

True freedom and true peace are cousins, but they can only work together if the freedom of one people is seen in relation to the freedom of another. Struggles for freedom and peace can only enhance each other if the peace people seek is a robust harmony in which conflict is embraced and people are encouraged to imagine a far stronger freedom and…

The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Fifteen years after entry into force

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

The need to halt a wider spread of nuclear weapons grew out of the realization that the increase in the number of countries possessing such weapons would increase the threat to world security. As the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons clearly states in its preamble, the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war. The Treaty - also known as the non-proliferation Treaty - was concluded in 1968, at a time when there were already five nuclear-weapon Powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France and China. This fact sheet is intended to provide background material on the Treaty, including the events that led to its conclusion, an overview of its provisions and the developments at the two previously held Review Conferences

The Lisbon Treaty and the role of the European Parliament in the European Atomic Energy Community

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, S.

2008-01-01

In June 2007, the European Council commissioned an intergovernmental conference to draft a 'treaty of reform' of the European Union. The wording of the treaty was signed by the heads of state and government of the member countries on December 13, 2007. The ongoing process of ratification in the 27 EU member countries is to be completed before the next elections to the European Parliament in June 2009. The treaty is now referred to as 'Lisbon Treaty'. The Lisbon Treaty (Treaty Amending the Treaty about the European Union and the Treaty Establishing the European Community) does not replace the European Treaties currently in force, but merely amends them. Also the 'Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)' is amended in this way. On the basis of the contributions about 'The German Presidency Program of the Council Working Group on Nuclear Issues - an Interim Report' (W. Sandtner and S. Thomas) and 'Euratom Treaty and Intergovernmental Conference' (S. Thomas), current links to the Euratom Treaty with potential amendments are presented and commented upon. (orig.)

INNOVATIONS AND CHANGES BROUGHT BY THE LISBON TREATY: THE SOCIAL ASPECT

OpenAIRE

Azizi, Abdulla

2011-01-01

The Lisbon Treaty is an attempt to overcome the difficulties faced in thefunctioning of previous treaties of the European Union. It aims, through itsprovisions, at offering better opportunities for action including the social scope,but the inter-governmental nature of decision-making continues to prevail.This paper focuses on provisions for social policyin the Lisbon Treaty andimportant changes that deal with reforms in this field. More co...

Tallinna-Tartu maantee ehitamine jälle kännu taga kinni / Piret Pert

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pert, Piret

2006-01-01

Riigikogu lükkas tagasi SDE fraktsiooni esitatud otsuse eelnõu, milles nähti ette Tallinna-Tartu maantee ehitamine neljarealise eraldatud sõidusuundadega maanteena. Jarno Laur, Ivari Padar maantee väljaehitamise vajalikkusest

Forums for consultation and follow-up of the peace agreements in Guatemala: lessons learnt for territorial peace in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cécile Mouly

2016-08-01

Full Text Available This article considers the experience of the forums for consultation and the follow-up of the peace agreements in Guatemala and draws lessons for territorial peace in Colombia. Based on data from observation, interviews, and documents, it analyses how the consultation forums evolved into an infrastructure for peace, and the role they played in the decentralization of peace implementation. From this experience, It emphasizes the importance of the departmental level as a bridge between the grassroots and decision makers at the central level, and of the participation of traditionally marginalized groups for territorial peace. Additionally, the successful local peacebuilding initiatives that emerged during the war must be considered. It also discusses the role of multisectoral spaces in the peaceful transformation of local conflicts, and the need to maintain a balance between institutionalization and flexibility.

Peace Education: Exploring Some Philosophical Foundations

Science.gov (United States)

Page, James S.

2004-01-01

Peace education has been recognized as an important aspect of social education for the past three decades. The critical literature as well as official documents, however, have given little attention to its philosophical foundations. This essay explores these foundations in the ethics of (1) virtue, (2) consequentialism, (3) aesthetics, (4) conservative politics and (5) care. Each of these alone composes a significant element of peace education, although ultimately its solid basis can only be established through an integrative approach encouraging a culture of peace. The more complete development and articulation of the philosophical rationale of peace education is yet to be accomplished and remains a task for the future.

26 CFR 301.6114-1 - Treaty-based return positions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... relating to elimination of double taxation; (vi) That a nondiscrimination provision of a treaty allows the... of an election under section 897(i); (2) That a treaty reduces or modifies the taxation of gain or...) A foreign person (other than an individual or a State, including a political subdivision or local...

Tartu Pauluse kirik - made in Finland. Taastatud eksklusiivsemalt kui algupäraselt ehitatud / Egle Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamm, Egle, 1969-

2016-01-01

Eliel Saarinen kavandatud Tartu Pauluse kiriku renoveerimisest. 2006. aastal korraldatud konkursi võitsid soome arhitektid Merja Nieminen ja Kari Järvinen. Renoveerimisel kujunes keskseks Saarineni vaimu ja vormikeele tabamine

The Qualities of Teachers Who Instruct Peace Education: Views of Prospective Teachers' Who Attended the Peace Education Programme

Science.gov (United States)

Polat, Soner; Arslan, Yaser; Günçavdi, Gizem

2016-01-01

The concept of peace can be described as the values including respecting features such as race, gender, religion, physical appearance, and age; appreciating diversities, unity, cooperation, tolerance and being fair. Related to this, the concept of peace education can be defined as an educational process during which peaceful problem-solving…

Towards a Sustainable and Holistic Model of Peace Education: A Critique of Conventional Modes of Peace Education through Dialogue in Israel

Science.gov (United States)

Schimmel, Noam

2009-01-01

This article explores ways of improving peace education, placing emphasis on peace education programmes in Israel that use dialogue to foster mutual understanding and respect. This article offers a critical assessment of contemporary Israeli peace education initiatives, emphasizing that current peace education programmes in Israel have failed to…

Rome, Saguntum and the Ebro Treaty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. M. Eckstein

1984-06-01

Full Text Available Pol. III 14, 9-10 makes it possible to argue that Rome's amicitia with Saguntum may have antedated the death of Hamilcar Barca, and so was no provocative innovation of the late 220's B. C. It is also unlikely that Rome's ties with Saguntum were affected by the terms of the Ebro Treaty of ca. 226, while Rome's right to such ties had a legal basis in the «Spanish terms» of the Roman-Punic Treaty of 348. It thus appears that in the late 220's it was Hannibal (not Rome who was seeking to change the existing status quo south of the Ebro.

Educating for peace

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andreasen, Karen Egedal; Ydesen, Christian

2015-01-01

In the aftermath of the two world wars, strong international networks and organisations manifested themselves with promotion of peace through education on their agenda. Danish pedagogical experiments and experimental schools were strongly influenced by these trends and played a role in subsequent...... peace through education transferred, translated, and transformed in Danish school experiments in interwar and post-war scenarios? In exploring this question, the article uses transnational and Danish archival sources as well as journals and reports linked to the Danish progressive education movement...

Tallinna ja Tartu Linnamuuseumi ekspositsioonide võrdlus külastajate arvamuste põhjal / Aino Lepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lepp, Aino

2007-01-01

Tallinna ja Tartu Linnamuuseumid olid esimesed, kes avasid oma uued ekspositsioonid 2001. aastal. ekspositsioonide kirjeldused. Külastajate ankeet. 2007. aasta jaanuaris anti Tallinna Linnamuuseumile Business Interactive Directions' rahvusvahelise kvaliteedi kuldauhind

Graafik Ilse Leetaru Tallinna ja Tartu kunstimuuseumidele kingitud kunstiteosed näitusel Tartus / Airi Vaga

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaga, Airi, 1940-

2004-01-01

valiknäitus "Ilse Leetaru. Kingitused" Eesti parimate kunstnike teostest I. Leetaru väärtuslikust kunstikollektsioonist koos tema enda loominguga on avatud 8. juulist 8. augustini 2004 Tartu Kunstimuuseumis

Education and Training in Peace Research in Hamburg

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goettsche, M.; Kalinowski, M.; Neuneck, G.

2013-01-01

In Hamburg, peace and security education is mainly offered by the Carl Friedrich von Weizsaecker Centre for Science and Peace Research at the University of Hamburg and the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy. The former institute offers interdisciplinary lectures and seminars open for students from all faculties; the latter institute offers the Master of Peace and Security Studies programme. This paper introduces these education and training opportunities in Hamburg. Special emphasis is put on simulation conferences that are offered each semester, the summer school 'Young Scientists Cooperate for Peace' (SCooP) and the workshop 'Teaching Ethics and Peace to Science and Engineering Students'. Specific lectures from the 'Scientific contributions to peace research' series include disarmament, the non-proliferation regime and nuclear verification. Specific lectures from the 'Physical basics of peace research' series include neutron and gamma detectors for nuclear verification, satellite imagery, detection of signatures from banned nuclear activities from long distances, and material accounting of plutonium, HEU and tritium. The paper is followed by the slides of the presentation. (authors)

The impact of endogenous tax treaties on foreign direct investment: theory and evidence

OpenAIRE

Peter Egger; Mario Larch; Michael Pfaffermayr; Hannes Winner

2006-01-01

This paper investigates the effect of tax treaties on bilateral stocks of outward FDI. For this purpose we employ a numerically solvable general equilibrium model of trade and multinational firms to study the impact of tax treaties on both welfare and outward FDI. The model indicates under which factor endowment configurations countries gain in welfare when implementing a tax treaty. This motivates an empirical specification of the endogenous selection into implementing new tax treaties. Usin...

Selected Legal Challenges Relating to the Military use of Outer Space, with Specific Reference to Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anél Ferreira-Snyman

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Since the end of the Second World War the potential use of outer space for military purposes persisted to be intrinsically linked to the development of space technology and space flight. The launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the USSR in 1957 made Western states realise that a surprise attack from space was a real possibility, resulting in the so-called "space-race" between the USA and the USSR. During the Cold War space activities were intrinsically linked to the political objectives, priorities and national security concerns of the USA and the Soviet Union. After the Cold War the political relevance and benefits of space continued to be recognised by states. In view of the recent emergence of new major space powers such as China, the focus has again shifted to the military use of outer space and the potential that a state with advanced space technology may use it for military purposes in order to dominate other states. Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty prohibits the installation of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction in outer space and determines that the moon and other celestial bodies shall be used for peaceful purposes only. Due to the dual-use character of many space assets, the distinction between military and non-military uses of outer space is becoming increasingly blurred. This article discusses a number of legal challenges presented by article IV of the Outer Space Treaty, relating specifically to the term peaceful, the distinction between the terms militarisation and weaponisation and the nature of a space weapon. It is concluded that article IV is in many respects outdated and that it cannot address the current legal issues relating to the military use of outer space. The legal vacuum in this area may have grave consequences not only for maintaining peace and security in outer space, but also on earth. Consequently, an international dialogue on the military uses of outer space should be

Tartu Ülikooli teadur kaitses Cambridgeì Ülikoolis doktorikraadi / Krõõt Nõges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nõges, Krõõt

2006-01-01

Tartu Ülikooli filosoofia osakonna teadur ja eetikakeskuse stipendiaat Eva Piirimäe kaitses Cambridgeì Ülikoolis doktorikraadi ideede ajaloo erialal doktoritööga "Thomas Abbt (1738-1766) and the Philosophical Genesis of German Nationalism"

Media Peace Discourse: Constraints, Concepts and Building Blocks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dov Shinar

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Normative, professional, and academic premises steer the discussion of the importance and the absence of a peace discourse in the media, and of the need and possibility to invent one. Among the possible points of departure are that the media should be involved in the promotion of peace; that peace coverage is hindered by the absence of a peace discourse in the professional media repertoire; and that the creation, development, and marketing of a media peace discourse should be included in the current research agenda. The development of a peace-oriented media discourse can be assisted by three conceptual elements, namely, the existing strategies employed by the media to cover peace; the competition in the media among dominant and alternative frames, in which news-value is the measure of success; and the concept of “constitutive rhetoric” – the creation, change and legitimization of realities through texts, rhetorical constructs and the manipulation of symbols – as a discourse-building device. Research on the three major strategies used by the media in the coverage of peace – Framing Peace Coverage in War Discourse; Trivialization; and Ritualization – suggests that the latter fits this conceptual framework better than the others, and thus is more suitable for the development of a media peace discourse. Some findings and models of media research can be used for conceptual leverage by providing paradigmatic frameworks and variables. Good examples include the media events and the textual analysis genres, as they are particularly related to professional effects; narrative techniques; and performance styles; and concepts such as “master-frames” and “super-texts” – major motifs, composed of many smaller frames or sub-texts – to suggest the potential contents of a media peace discourse. Finally, it is proposed that research and development efforts of media peace coverage along these lines should include work on adapting the current

Tartu ülikooli Vene ajaloo professor Alexander Brückner (1834-1896) / Tiit Rosenberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rosenberg, Tiit, 1946-

2004-01-01

Alexander Brückneri elust, vaadetest, loomingust ja perekonnast. Alexander Brücknerist kui Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi liikmest. Tartu Ülikooli vene ajaloo õppejõududest. Lühidalt Tartust pärit vene ajaloo uurijast Ernst Adolf Herrmannist

The text of the Cairo declaration. Adopted on the occasion of the signing of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (the Treaty of Pelindaba) Cairo, 11 April 1996

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

As requested by the Resident Representative of Egypt to the International Atomic Energy Agency, the document reproduces the text of the 'Cairo Declaration' which was adopted by the African States signatories of the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (the Treaty of Pelindaba) on the occasion of the signature of the Treaty on 11 April 1996 in Cairo

32 CFR 1630.46 - Class 4-T: Treaty alien.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Class 4-T: Treaty alien. 1630.46 Section 1630.46 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION RULES § 1630.46 Class 4-T: Treaty alien. In Class 4-T shall be placed any registrant who is an alien who...

Spirituality, Religion, and Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Brantmeier, Edward J., Ed.; Lin, Jing, Ed.; Miller, John P., Ed.

2010-01-01

"Spirituality, Religion, and Peace Education" attempts to deeply explore the universal and particular dimensions of education for inner and communal peace. This co-edited book contains fifteen chapters on world spiritual traditions, religions, and their connections and relevance to peacebuilding and peacemaking. This book examines the…

Pompejanum Tartu Ülikooli Kunstimuuseumis : üks haruldane interjöörinäidis / Inge Kukk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kukk, Inge

2003-01-01

Pompeji stiilis 19. saj. ruumikujunduse parim näide Eestis. Antiikaja seinamaali motiivide kasutamisest. Töid alustati 1868. aastal. Tartu maalermeister F. Redlin, juhendas antiikarheoloog Ludwig Schwabe

Loojatega/loojate loomingust : Tartu Forseliuse gümnaasiumi 31. kirjanduspäeval / Hiie Saumaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saumaa, Hiie

2002-01-01

Tartu Forseliuse Gümnaasiumi 31. kirjanduspäev toimus 28. märtsil 2002.a. kandes nime "Üle kõige on maailmal vaja ...". Esinesid Paul-Eerik Rummo, Kauksi Ülle, Jürgen Rooste, Priit Kruus ja Hedda Maurer

Strengthening Peace Research and Peace Education in African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

peace education in African higher education, especially in the universities. ..... of research, teaching and learning in the universities and, by logical ... of violence profile is that in most volatile conflict-prone and war-affected countries and.

Amendments to the treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America (Tlatelolco Treaty)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-01-01

The document reproduces the amendments to the Tlatelolco Treaty approved on 26 August 1992 by the Special Session of the General Conference of the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean

THE LISBON TREATY- LINK BETWEEN PARTICIPATIVE DEMOCRACY AND ADMINISTRATIVE MODERNIZATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bosie Irina

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This paperwork examines briefly, the implications it carries on the Lisbon Treaty, the organizational, institutional and decision-making level in the current context of the European Union, included in the reform process. It is important to mention that the European Union's desire is to assign a new role, upwards of national parliaments it is materialized with the new regulation of the Lisbon Treaty. This creates premises to develop a common foreign policy, providing Member States and Community institutions the chance to creatively use new opportunities. The Treaty encourages participative democracy and citizen participation with implications in decision-making efficiency gains.

Nuclear weapons free zones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stahl, K.

1990-01-01

The article analyses the concept and problems of the two nuclear weapons free zones in Latin America and in the South Pacific established by the Treaty of Tlatelolco and the Treaty of Rarotonga. So far the nuclear weapons states except China have refused to sign the additional protocols of the Treaties or have signed them only with considerable provisos. Therefore they don't fully recognize the nuclear weapons free status of those zones, or they don't recognize it at all. Both Treaties contain no provisions to regulate the transit of nuclear weapons through the zones. This allows de facto the stationing of nuclear weapons in the military bases of the US which are located within the nuclear weapons free zone of Latin America. The Treaty of Tlatelolco contains also the right of the states, party to the Treaty, to explode nuclear devices for peaceful purposes. Since peaceful and military nuclear explosions cannot be distinguished technically, this right could also undermine the nuclear weapons free status of the region. Important nuclear threshold countries like Argentina and Brazil have furthermore refrained from putting the Treaty into force. (orig.) [de

THE ROLE AND RATIONALE OF THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tom COPPEN

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Much has been written about perceived weaknesses of the NPT and the challenges it has been facing over the last decades. Analysing the most important provisions of the NPT, this article demonstrates how the treaty has managed to maintain its central role in the non-proliferation regime since its conclusion, and how it retains enough flexibility within its review mechanism and its managerial approach to supervision to keep this position for the decades to come. The theoretical framework of the article is formed by theory of arms control law, relevant features of which are: a large influence of politics and national interests of states on the rule of law; its flexible yet treaty-based nature; and the distinctive role of supervision in order to ensure compliance with primary rules. The article analyses key NPT provisions. Based on Article VIII, the NPT Review Conferences have both an important political and legal function. They are the NPT’s mechanism for review, implementation and supervision; in legal terms, they enable the evolution of the NPT based on subsequent agreement and practice. The NPT articles on non-proliferation and disarmament illustrate how the NPT has evolved to close off loopholes (Articles I and II and retains its flexibility whilst providing a global platform for negotiations on nuclear disarmament (Article VI. Article III evolved and must be understood to oblige NPT states to sign an Additional Protocol (AP with the IAEA. Article IV sets the parameters for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, but leaves room for negotiation and conflict. The supervision of the NPT, illustrated by the case of Iran, is a complicated process involving international organisations such as the IAEA and the UNSC; while these may play important roles, however, the enforcement of the NPT is ultimately left to the NPT states themselves.

Epochs in the development of the Republic of Srpska: Establishment, Dayton and peace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Đukanović Dragan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the author analyzes the key stages in the development of the Republic of Srpska, since its formation in 9 January 1992. In this context, it elaborates the process of genesis of the Republic of Srpska, its international verification by the Dayton Peace Agreement, post-conflict consolidation as a process of trial of the constitutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina that would redistribute responsibilities between the entity and state authorities. However, the paper points out that the Republic of Serbian unquestionable categories and that the current attempt by the U.S. and the EU for the amendment of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not imply denial of two-entity structure of the state. In the future, how would you rate the author will attempt leading actors in world politics to redesign the institutional framework at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to strengthening its negotiating capacity to assume the obligations related to membership of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The de-nuclearization of Latin America: 40 years of the Tlatelolco Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ornstein, Roberto M.

2007-01-01

The 14 of February of 1967, in the Palace of Tlatelolco, the brand-new seat of the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs, significantly located in the Square of the Three Cultures in Mexico City, was carried out the solemn approval and the opening to the signature of the 'Treaty for the De-nuclearization of Latin America' (later 'and of the Caribbean') known as the Treaty of Tlatelolco. The Treaty is the binding international legal instrument that created the first zone free of nuclear weapons in the world, with the exception of the inhabited Antarctica It is recognized for this reason by the international community as a milestone in the matter of non proliferation of nuclear weapons (it preceded the 'Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty' or NPT) and has been the example and inspiration for the other de-nuclearized zones in the planet. The present paper tries to rescue the ups and downs of the arduous negotiation and to analyze the distinctive characteristics of the Treaty and their later evolution. The successive position assumed by our country in relation to the Treaty are also analyzed. (author) [es

The process of the construction of peace in Colombia, beyond negotiation: a proposal starting from a Transformative and Participatory Peace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esteban Ramos Muslera

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Analysis is made of the peace process, which is being held in Colombia between the insurgents of the FARC-EP and the Colombian Government, which is noted from the theoretical approaches of the Studies of Peace and from the perspective of the social movement, arguing the need of assuming the epistemological approach of the Transformative and Participatory Peace as a way to favor integral processes for the construction of peace beyond negotiation.

The Rarotonga treaty: regional approach to non-proliferation in the South Pacific

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Papadimitropulos, P.

1988-01-01

The regional approach to the problem of non-proliferation in the South-Pacific-the Rarotonga treaty - is discussed. The regional approach to the problem of non-proliferation is aimed in a wide sense at the assistance to detante in a certain region and the propagation of measures strengthening confidence there. On December 11, 1975 at the initiative of New Zealand and Fiji the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on the nuclear-free zone in the South-Pacific. In compliance with the Rarotonga treaty a large nuclear-free zone is created. The participants of the Rarotonga Treaty assess the values of the Non-Proliferation Treaty

The Subsidiarity of International Treaties Against Double Taxation Critical Analysis of French Jurisprudence

OpenAIRE

Marinho, Anapaula Trindade

2016-01-01

The application of tax treaties by national courts around the world is not uniform. Depending on the country where a given taxpayer raised a conflict between the provisions of the national tax rules and the regime provided by a tax treaty, the interpretation of the tax treaty might vary. The result can lead to a situation of double taxation, contrary to the aim of tax treaties. The contribution is about a particular principle of law that the Administrative French Supreme Court, i.e., the “Con...

Nuclear disarmament. Options for the coming non-proliferation treaty surveillance cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, Harald

2011-01-01

The report is aimed on the nuclear disarmament discussion with respect to the disagreement of nuclear weapon states and those without nuclear weapons, esp. the non-aligned movement (NAM) concerning the non-proliferation treaty. The report covers the following issues: The role of the non-proliferation treaty, nuclear disarmament in the last surveillance conference 2010, the different disarmament philosophies, the possibilities of bridging the disagreement, further disarmament options for the future non-proliferation treaty surveillance cycle, German options for the future surveillance cycle.

The Human Right to Peace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Villán Durán

2014-10-01

Full Text Available The international codification of the human right to peace was brought to the United Nations by civil society organizations. The draft declaration submitted to the States has a holistic nature, is very rooted in the international human rights law, and considers peace as the absence of all forms of violence (Santiago Declaration on the Human Right to Peace of 10 December 2010. A working group appointed by the UN Human Rights Council should achieve a new and consensual text to bridge the existing gap between developed and developing States in this field, the former being more supportive of the thesis maintained by civil society.

Interfaith Dialogue at Peace Museums in Kenya

Science.gov (United States)

Gachanga, Timothy; Mutisya, Munuve

2015-01-01

This paper makes a case for further studies on the contribution of peace museums to interfaith dialogue debate. Based on our experiences as museum curators, teachers and peace researchers and a review of published materials, we argue that there is a lacuna in the study on the contribution of peace museums to the interfaith dialogue debate. The…

Corporate interests, philanthropies, and the peace movement.

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, T; Rodriguez, F; Waitzkin, H

1986-01-01

Corporate and philanthropic involvement in the peace movement is growing. In considering medical peace groups as examples, we have studied the ways that corporate and philanthropic funding have shaped the course of activism. Our methods have included: review of the Foundations Grant Index from 1974-1983; analysis of corporations' and foundations' criteria for grants in the categories of peace, arms control, and disarmament; interviews with leaders of activist organizations and with foundation officials; and our own experiences in the peace movement. Corporate interests in preventing nuclear war stem from a concern for global stability in which world markets may expand, and from a hope to frame issues posed by the peace movement in a way that will not challenge basic structures of power and finance. Several general features make peace groups respectable and attractive to philanthropies; an uncritical stance toward corporate participation in the arms race; a viewpoint that the main danger of nuclear war stems from a profound, bilateral conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union; and a single-issue focus that does not deal with the many related problems reflecting the injustices of capitalism. The two major medical groups working for peace, Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) and International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW), have accomplished many goals; however, their adherence to subtle criteria of respectability and their dependence on philanthropic funding have limited the scope of their activism. The struggle for peace can not succeed without fundamental changes in the corporate system that initiates, maintains, and promotes the arms race.

Con-/Divergences between Postcolonial and Critical Peace Education: Towards Pedagogies of Decolonization in Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Zembylas, Michalinos

2018-01-01

This paper focuses on the limitations of the Eurocentric modernist framework that undergirds Freirean theory and critical pedagogy in relation to critical peace education, highlighting in particular the contributions of post-colonial and decolonial thinking. The paper posits that critical approaches to peace education need to consider these…

Atoms for Peace after Fifty Years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joeck, N.; Lehman, R.; Vergino, E.; Schock, R.

2004-01-01

President Eisenhower's hopes for nuclear technology still resonate, but the challenges to fulfilling them are much different today. On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower, returning from his meeting with the leaders of Britain and France at the Bermuda Summit, flew directly to New York to address the United Nations General Assembly. His presentation, known afterwards as the ''Atoms for Peace'' speech, was bold, broad, and visionary. Eisenhower highlighted dangers associated with the further spread of nuclear weapons and the end of the thermonuclear monopoly, but the president also pointed to opportunities. Earlier that year, Stalin had died and the Korean War armistice was signed. Talks on reunification of Austria were about to begin. The speech sought East-West engagement and outlined a framework for reducing nuclear threats to security while enhancing the civilian benefits of nuclear technology. One specific proposal offered to place surplus military fissile material under the control of an ''international atomic energy agency'' to be used for peaceful purposes, especially economic development. Eisenhower clearly recognized the complex interrelationships between different nuclear technologies and the risks and the benefits that accrue from each. The widespread use of civilian nuclear technology and absence of any use of a nuclear weapon during the next half-century reflects success in his approach. Today, the world faces choices about nuclear technology that have their parallels in the Eisenhower calculus and its legacy. Although his specific fissile material proposal was never implemented, his broader themes gave impetus to agreements such as the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and institutions such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The resulting governance process has promoted some and restricted other nuclear technology. Perhaps even more influential was Eisenhower's overarching recommendation that we try to reduce the risks and seek

Atoms for Peace after 50 Years

Science.gov (United States)

Joeck, N.; Lehman, R. F.; Vergino, E. S.; Schock, R. N.

2004-03-20

President Eisenhower's hopes for nuclear technology still resonate, but the challenges to fulfilling them are much different today. On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower, returning from his meeting with the leaders of Britain and France at the Bermuda Summit, flew directly to New York to address the United Nations General Assembly. His presentation, known afterwards as the "Atoms for Peace" speech, was bold, broad, and visionary. Eisenhower highlighted dangers associated with the further spread of nuclear weapons and the end of the thermonuclear monopoly, but the president also pointed to opportunities. Earlier that year, Stalin had died and the Korean War armistice was signed. Talks on reunification of Austria were about to begin. The speech sought East-West engagement and outlined a framework for reducing nuclear threats to security while enhancing the civilian benefits of nuclear technology. One specific proposal offered to place surplus military fissile material under the control of an "international atomic energy agency" to be used for peaceful purposes, especially economic development. Eisenhower clearly recognized the complex interrelationships between different nuclear technologies and the risks and the benefits that accrue from each. The widespread use of civilian nuclear technology and absence of any use of a nuclear weapon during the next half-century reflects success in his approach. Today, the world faces choices about nuclear technology that have their parallels in the Eisenhower calculus and its legacy. Although his specific fissile material proposal was never implemented, his broader themes gave impetus to agreements such as the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and institutions such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The resulting governance process has promoted some and restricted other nuclear technology. Perhaps even more influential was Eisenhower's overarching recommendation that we try to reduce the risks and seek the

Peace and conflict in Africa

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Many interpretations of peace and conflict in Africa are too simplistic. The book under review, therefore, seeks to deviate from those interpretations and provide a more detailed perspective. A collection of essays edited by David J. Francis, the book is touted as an introduction text to key themes with regard to peace and.

A Peace Education Pioneer: A Swedish Professor in Pedagogy Dedicated to Peace Education--Ake Bjerstedt

Science.gov (United States)

Andersson, Irene; Johansson, Roger

2010-01-01

This article profiles Swedish professor Ake Bjerstedt and discusses his contributions to the field of peace education. Bjerstedt helped history researchers a great deal by writing bibliographies like "Educating towards a culture of peace. A select bibliography focusing on the last 25 years", 2001, and by keeping a well organized archive…

Devjatõi arhitekturnõi konkurs Europan vporu Tartu / Urmas Oja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oja, Urmas, 1981-2012

2008-01-01

Üleeuroopalise arhitektuurikonkursi "Europan 9" tulemused Eesti võistlusaladel. Tallinna Paljassaare sadamaala: II koht - töö "Developing a Waterside City", Sayman Bostanci. Tartu Annelinna-äärne loodusväärtuslik krunt: I koht - "Urban Ecosystem Design", Pierre-Yves Rustant, II - "Pockets of Illusion", Yuri Gerrits, Martin Birgel. Toodud ka kaks äramärgitud tööd, Rootsi-Eesti ühisžürii liikmed (Eestist Andres Alver, Triin Ojari, varuliige Inga Raukas)

Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cronin, J.J.; Kohen, M.D.; Rivers, J.D.

1996-01-01

The Defense Treaty Inspection Readiness Program (DTIRP) was established by the Department of Defense in 1990 to assist defense facilities in preparing for treaty verification activities. Led by the On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA), an element of the Department of Defense, DTIRP''s membership includes representatives from other Department of Defense agencies, the Department of Energy (DOE), the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Commerce, and others. The Office of Safeguards and Security has a significant interest in this program, due to the number of national defense facilities within its purview that are candidates for future inspections. As a result, the Office of Safeguards and Security has taken a very active role in DTIRP. This paper discusses the Office of Safeguards and Security''s increasing involvement in various elements of the DTIRP, ranging from facility assessments to training development and implementation

Proposal for revisions of the United Nations Moon Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

Fernandes, Vera; Abreu, Neyda; Fritz, J.; Knapmeyer, Martin; Smeenk, Lisa; Ten Kate, Inge; Trüninger, Monica

During this new 2010-decade, it will be imperative to reconsider the effectiveness of the current United Nations (U.N.) Moon Treaty (c.1979). Amendments are necessary to underline the mandatory human stewardship of this fragile planetary body of our Solar System, indispensible to life on Earth. After the very successful Apollo and Luna missions to the Moon (ending in 1976), which brought a wide array of data (samples, surface and orbital experiments), the Moon lost its exploratory attraction in favor of other programs, such as the International Space Station and potential human exploration of Mars. However, since the mid-90's, the enthusiasm for the Moon has been revived, which resulted in several space agencies worldwide (NASA, ESA, ISRO, JAXA, and the Chinese Space Agency) having made great efforts to re-start ex-ploratory and scientific campaigns even though budgetary changes may delay the process. As a result, a wide array of peoples and their interests are put together in each mission planned to reach the Moon (e.g., orbiters and landers). Up to now, mission plans focus on technical requirements and the desires of scientists and engineers, but hardly any other aspects. Field specialists on issues regarding the social, economic, political, cultural, ethical and environmen-tal impacts of Moon exploration and colonization have had little to no involvement in current and past lunar missions. However, these fields would provide different and essential points of view regarding the planning of lunar missions. Moreover, recent documents written by the scientific community, such as "The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon: Final Re-port" Committee on the Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon, National Research Council (2007), or the recent (summer 2009) White Papers for the National Research Council Planetary Science Decadal Survey 2011-2020, do not seem to leave space for a multidisciplinary approach regarding the future lunar exploration either

The Efficacy of Water Treaties in the Eastern Nile Basin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wuhibegezer Ferede

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper attempts to analyse the efficacy of the water treaties of the Nile in light of the principles of international law. The following critical examination of the treaties brings to light numerous legal defects associated with fraud, coercion, exclusivity and the deficiency of many of the precepts of the international law. Moreover, the lower riparian states’ advocacy for the succession of colonial treaties, which is branded as the re-affirmation of colonialism, is found to be incompatible with the principles of the clean-slate theory adopted by the upper riparian states. Therefore, the region lacks an efficacious regime that could address the interests of all riparian states.

The LOB Provision in the New Japan-Netherlands Tax Treaty

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Potgens, F.P.G.; Hofland, D.A.

2011-01-01

In this article, the authors review the comptability of the limitation on benefits provision of the Japan-Netherlands tax treaty with the OECD Model Tax Convention and the fundamental freedoms of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and conclude that it is clearly in conflict with a

Peaceful berkelium

Science.gov (United States)

Trabesinger, Andreas

2017-09-01

The first new element produced after the Second World War has led a rather peaceful life since entering the period table -- until it became the target of those producing superheavy elements, as Andreas Trabesinger describes.

Tallinna-Tartu liinil jääb käima üks rong / Hindrek Riikoja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Riikoja, Hindrek

2001-01-01

Teede- ja sideminister Toivo Jürgenson ning Edelaraudtee juhatuse esimees Henn Ruubel allkirjastasid reisijateveo lepingu, mille järgi jääb Tallinna-Tartu liinil käima üks rong päevas. Uued bussiliinid

SAVING KYOTO: Can the Kyoto Climate Treaty Be Saved From Itself?

Science.gov (United States)

Kerr, R A

2000-11-03

The climate treaty being hammered out this month at The Hague may be doomed to failure, as numerous observers say the United States simply won't ratify any treaty that requires such wrenching reductions in carbon emissions, and if the United States bails out, the protocol is in very deep trouble. Some policy analysts think that by tweaking the rules, the United States could eventually sign on, but if they are tweaked too much, other countries may balk. The key, some say, will be keeping the treaty going now and rethinking its controversial goals later.

Tartu- ja Viljandimaa 2025 : Nobeli preemia, tuumajaam ja laevaühendus Peterburiga / Rein Sikk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sikk, Rein, 1961-

2014-01-01

Milline võiks olla elu peaga Eestis ehk Tartu ja Viljandi maakondades aastal 2025? Kas Võrtsjärve veerde tuleb tuumajaam? Kas Tartust saab laevaga Peterburi? Kas Viljandi folk püsib või kaob? Kas Salvest murrab Hiina turule? Küsimustele vastasid 14 asjatundjat

Act of 20 July 1978 establishing provisions enabling the International Atomic Energy Agency to undertake inspections and verifications on Belgian territory, in implementation of the International Agreement of 5 April 1973 made in application of 1 and 4 paragraphs of Article III of the Treaty of 1 July 1968 on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-01-01

Under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), Belgium concluded a safeguards agreement with the IAEA which enables the latter to verify the fulfilment of the obligations assumed by Belgium in accordance with the NPT, with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. All non-nuclear weapon States party to the NPT enter into such agreements. (NEA) [fr

The Butterfly Effect on Peace Education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evelyn Cerdas-Agüero

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this paper on peace education is to generate a reflection, through the metaphor of the butterfly effect, on the importance of educating for peace during the change process of human beings and society.  It proposes education for peace as a human right, an experience and learning process that is put into practice by human beings.  It aims at changing attitudes and actions to create harmonious relationships based on the respect and recognition of human rights, and the freedom and dignity of every person.

Archaeological investigations at the former building of Academia Gustaviana (Jaani Street 8) in Tartu / Andres Tvauri

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tvauri, Andres, 1970-

2004-01-01

Kaevamised näitasid, et 1582. aastal krundi enda valdusesse saanud Andreas Orzehowski on lasknud seal paiknenud hoone lammutada ning ehitanud uue maja, milles hiljem tegutses Tartu Ülikooli eellane Academia Gustaviana

Work Towards a (New) Definition of Peace Constitution

OpenAIRE

Gilliam, Jay R.; Jay R., Gilliam

2011-01-01

Current research on peace constitutions generally centers on Japan’s post-World War II pacifist constitution, specifically Article 9 where Japan renounces war, dissolves its military, and vows to work towards peace in the world. In fact, researching peace constitution (or 平和憲法 in Japanese) in books, academic journals, or on the Internet routinely returns only results about Japan and its Article 9. While a substantial body of work exists about Japan’s peace constitution, too often that body of...

Infrastructure for Peace: The African Experience

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nneka Umera-Okeke

As a cutting-edge approach for violent prevention, ... view of the increasing need to transcend the small-scale approach to peace building, ..... as belief in dialogue to resolve conflict, there is the need to instutionalise peace through the creation ...

Overview of Major Issues of Tax Treaties Law in Kosovo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bedri Peci

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research is to analyze and find out the major issue of tax treaties law in Kosovo. In this analysis we have used the research method of case study. The results of research show that the legal framework for the elimination of double taxation, after 1999, initially started its establishment journey from the United Nations Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK. Taking into consideration the specifications of the political status, the process for the establishment of the unilateral and bilateral legal framework has been made with mistakes, slow and with delays. Following its declaration of independence, Kosovo has paid greater attention to tax treaties. Although double taxation relief in Kosovo may be obtained either unilaterally or under a tax treaty, there remains a lot of work to be done for the completion of the necessary framework for elimination of double taxation. The double taxation relief provided by a tax treaty prevails over the domestic relief. The study is of particular relevance to scholars, tax practitioners, expatriates who work and invest in Kosovo, etc

The treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Tlatelolco Treaty)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

In a letter of 28 January 1994, the Director General was informed that on 18 January 1994, the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin American and the Caribbean entered into force for the Argentine Republic

Accounting for Peace and Economic Development in Nigeria, the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Accounting for Peace and Economic Development in Nigeria, the Niger-Delta Case. ... roads, efficient communication systems, portable water, employment opportunities, ... Keywords: Accounting for peace; cost of peace keeping; Economic ...

Peace linguistics for language teachers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco GOMES DE MATOS

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This text aims at presenting the concept of Peace Linguistics - origins and recent developments -- as being implemented in the author's ongoing work in that emerging branch of Applied Linguistics. Examples of applicational possibilities are given, with a focus on language teaching-learning and a Checklist is provided, of topics for suggested linguistic-educational research, centered on communicative peace.

Intelligence and treaty ratification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sojka, G.L.

1990-01-01

What did the intelligence community and the Intelligence Committee di poorly in regard to the treaty ratification process for arms control? We failed to solve the compartmentalization problem/ This is a second-order problem, and, in general, analysts try to be very open; but there are problems nevertheless. There are very few, if any, people within the intelligence community who are cleared for everything relevant to our monitoring capability emdash short of probably the Director of Central Intelligence and the president emdash and this is a major problem. The formal monitoring estimates are drawn up by individuals who do not have access to all the information to make the monitoring judgements. This paper reports that the intelligence community did not present a formal document on either Soviet incentives of disincentives to cheat or on the possibility of cheating scenarios, and that was a mistake. However, the intelligence community was very responsive in producing those types of estimates, and, ultimately, the evidence behind them in response to questions. Nevertheless, the author thinks the intelligence community would do well to address this issue up front before a treaty is submitted to the Senate for advice and consent

Meaning and repercussions of the Tlatelolco Treaty for Latin America

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schriefer, D.

1995-01-01

This paper addresses the meaning and repercussions of the TLATELOLCO Treaty for Latin America and the caribbean, as part of the major efforts regarding . A nuclear weapons-free zone, It also describes the role of the OPANAL and that of the IAEA article 13 of the treaty, as well as regional and international safeguards are also highlighted

Peace Operations

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Proks, Josef

2000-01-01

Peace operations are more and more important in the contemporary world. The end of the Cold War increased not only possibilities of solving disputes by the international community but also by the number and diversity of threats and issues...

Treaty Monitoring

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Canty, M.; Jasani, B.; Lingenfelder, I.

2009-01-01

of remote sensing technologies. The book therefore comprises management aspects (issues and priorities of security research, crisis response), applied methodologies and process chains (treaty monitoring, estimation of population densities and characteristics, border permeability models, damage assessment...... companies, national research institutions and international organizations, all of whom were brought together under the aegis of the European research project GMOSS (Global Monitoring for Security and Stability). This book is tailored for the scientific community that deals with the application of EO data...... of civil security. Written for: Scientists, researchers in spatial sciences as well as practitioners, politicians, decision makers at NGO's in the field of security, crisis management, risk assessment and vulnerability....

The Geopolitics of Peace Education. Learning to Hate the War, to Love Peace, and to Do Something About it

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan Galtung

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper we present four central theories, four policy tasks and four education topics that build a Peace education. We start from the thesis that every education should be prepared for practice, but guided from the general theory. From a Peace education, we aim to mediate and illustrate in stages and practical exercises to help us understand how important Peace research are in a true comprehensive education.

Kohanemine kriminaalse identiteediga resotsialiseerimist raskendava tegurina : [magistritöö] / Elen Heidok ; Tartu Ülikool, õigusteaduskond ; juhendaja: Silvia Kaugia

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Heidok, Elen

2014-01-01

Sotsialiseerumise mõistest ja olulisematest agentidest, kultuurist ja subkultuurist sotsialiseerumise sisuna, kinnipeetavate taasühiskonnastamisest, Viru ja Tartu vanglates läbiviidud empiirilisest uurimusest

Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace, Education Proposals, and Soka Education: Convergences and Divergences in Peace Education

Science.gov (United States)

Goulah, Jason; Urbain, Olivier

2013-01-01

In this article, the authors introduce and explicate Daisaku Ikeda's contributions to peace education. Ikeda is a Buddhist leader, peacebuilder, school founder, and prolific author whose six decades of contributions to peace education have had a global impact in practice but have remained unexamined in the extant, particularly Anglophone,…

Living Peace: An Exploration of Experiential Peace Education, Conflict Resolution and Violence Prevention Programs for Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Hettler, Shannon; Johnston, Linda M.

2009-01-01

The authors review the types of experiential peace education programs available to teens in the US and provide a classification guide for educators, parents, other concerned adults and teens who may be interested in developing conflict, peace and/or violence prevention knowledge, skills and attitudes. The authors identify experiential programs in…

Disposition scenarios and safeguardability of fissile materials under START Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pillay, K.K.S.

1993-01-01

Under the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START-I) signed in 1991 and the Lisbon Protocol of 1992, a large inventory of fissile materials will be removed from the weapons fuel cycles of the United States and the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The Lisbon Protocol calls for Ukraine, Kazakstan, and Byelarus to become nonnuclear members of the treaty and for Russia to assume the responsibility of the treaty as a nuclear weapons state. In addition, the START-II Treaty, which was signed in 1993 by the United States and Russia, further reduces deployed nuclear warheads and adds to the inventory of excess special nuclear materials (SNM). Because storage of in-tact warheads has the potential for a open-quotes breakout,close quotes it would be desirable to dismantle the warheads and properly dispose of the SNMs under appropriate safeguards to prevent their reentry into the weapons fuel cycle. The SNM recovered from dismantled warheads can be disposed of in several ways, and the final choices may be up to the country having the title to the SNM. Current plans are to store them indefinitely, leaving serious safeguards concerns. Recognizing that the underlying objective of these treaties is to prevent the fissile materials from reentering the weapons fuel cycle, it is necessary to establish a verifiable disposal scheme that includes safeguards requirements. This paper identifies some realistic scenarios for the disposal of SNM from the weapons fuel cycle and examines the safeguardability of those scenarios

Peace and development through the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-01-01

Nuclear science and technology can help find solutions to many of the problems people face every day across the globe. When used safely and securely, nuclear science and technology are effective supplements or provide alternatives to conventional approaches, which makes them an important part of the international community’s work for development. In its contribution to global objectives, the IAEA serves the international goals of peace, health and prosperity by assisting countries to adopt nuclear tools for a wide range of peaceful applications. Within the context of global trends and development, IAEA services — some highly visible on the global stage, others delivered more discreetly— underpin collective efforts for the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology. They are supported by the IAEA’s specialized laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, and in Monaco, as well as dedicated programmes, networks and collaborations with partners. Through the IAEA’s assistance, nuclear techniques are put to use in various areas, including human health, food and agriculture, the environment, water, energy, nuclear safety and security, and the preservation of artefacts.

In search of the peaceful atom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patterson, W.C.

1986-01-01

In the mid-50s, the 'peaceful atom' was a much-used phrase. However, it seems a link between civil and nuclear activities and nuclear weapons lingers on. With the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy in mind, this article takes a look at nuclear industry worldwide. It paints a gloomy picture of the situation for reactor manufacturers, uranium mining and uranium enrichment. Reprocessing, too, looks bleak to the author. However, one of the main problems of the nuclear industry is seen as its preoccupation with public acceptance of the 'peaceful atom'. (UK)

The purposes, achievements, and priorities of arms control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, P.S.

1987-09-01

Arms control purposes include strengthening the framework of deterrence and reducing the threat of the use of nuclear weapons, reducing the dangers of attack and accidental nuclear war, and allowing more resources for the civilian economy. The paper briefly describes achievements in arms control since World War II. These include the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT), Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABMT)-SALT I, SALT II, Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (PNET), and Nuclear-Free Zones treaties. The author also discusses his views on what the priorities of arms control activities should be

Fifty years of 'Atoms for Peace'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heller, W.

2004-01-01

Fifty years ago, on December 8, 1953, the then U.S. President, Dwight D. Eisenhower, in his famous speech before the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed his 'Atoms for Peace' program, which was to initiate a policy of international cooperation. The event had been preceded by a policy of the United States intended to guarantee to the United States the monopoly in the production and use of nuclear weapons, which ultimately failed because of the resistance of the Soviet Union. The doctrine of a technological monopoly in the nuclear field was to be changed in favor of cooperative ventures under the rigorous control of the United States. The 1954 Atomic Energy Act clearly formulated the will to cooperate. Following a U.S. initiative, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1956 to assist in transfers of nuclear technology and assume controlling functions to prevent abuse for non-peaceful purposes. Quite a number of countries used the 'Atoms for Peace' offer to develop nuclear power in very close cooperation with American industry and depending on U.S. nuclear fuel supply. On the whole, 'Atoms for Peace' has paved the way to a worldwide peaceful use of nuclear power. (orig.)

Promoting peace in engineering education: modifying the ABET criteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Catalano, George D

2006-04-01

Modifications to the ABET Criterion 3 are suggested in support of the effort to promote the pursuit of peace in engineering education. The proposed modifications are the result of integrating the United Nations' sponsored "Integral Model of Education for Peace, Democracy and Sustainable Development" into the modern engineering curriculum. The key elements of the model are being at peace with oneself, being at peace with others, and being at peace with the planet. In addition to proposing modifications, specific classroom activities are described and implemented, and students' reactions and the effectiveness of the various exercises are discussed.

The International Criminal Court and Peace Processes in Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gissel, Line Engbo

justice, while also tracing how and why international decision-making processes interfered with the negotiations, narrated the conflicts and insisted on a narrow scope of justice. Building on this interpretive analysis, a comparative analysis of peace processes in Uganda, Kenya and Colombia explores a set......The book investigates how involvement by the International Criminal Court (ICC) affects efforts to negotiate peace. It offers an interpretive account of how peace negotiators and mediators in two peace processes in Uganda and Kenya sought to navigate and understand the new terrain of international...... of general features pertaining to the judicialisation of peace....

HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND PEACE IN THE BACHELOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Carranza-Peña

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This qualitative research article presents the relationship between human rights and peace in high school. The importance of the study centers on human relations as expressed through the language and behavior of teachers and students during daily coexistence at school. The materials used (stationery and technological supports were those needed for academic classroom work. The process was based on ethnography for peace, stemming from observation and structured interviews; the results show the nuances that oscillate between the presence and absence of human rights and peace, since peaceful practices exist, but so do violent ones that hamper healthy coexistence. The conclusions point to the establishment of transversal school projects to bring about respect for human rights, in order to foster a peaceful atmosphere in school through the collective.

The New Partnership Approach in the 2003 Belgium-Netherlands Tax Treaty

NARCIS (Netherlands)

G.K. Fibbe (Gijsbert); M. Isenbaert (Mathieu)

2004-01-01

textabstractSince 1 January 2003, a new double tax Treaty is applicable between Belgium and the Netherlands. The old Treaty of 1970 already included a specific provision relating to partnerships. Including three distinct provisions has now expanded the tradition and it is the objective of this

Sri Lanka: In peace or in pieces? A critical approach to peace education in Sri Lanka

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lopes Cardozo, M.T.A.

2008-01-01

This article seeks to explore the 'two faces of education' through a critical analysis of peace education in Sri Lanka. It aims to contribute to the wider debate on the complex role of education in situations of conflict. The article starts with an overview of what peace education is, or should be.

INNOVATIONS AND CHANGES BROUGHT BY THE LISBON TREATY:THE SOCIAL ASPECT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdulla Azizi

2011-07-01

Full Text Available The Lisbon Treaty is an attempt to overcome the difficulties faced in thefunctioning of previous treaties of the European Union. It aims, through itsprovisions, at offering better opportunities for action including the social scope,but the inter-governmental nature of decision-making continues to prevail.This paper focuses on provisions for social policyin the Lisbon Treaty andimportant changes that deal with reforms in this field. More concretely, theobjective of this paper is to emphasize the most important social aspects of theTreaty in question.Social policy has been qualified as a common competence of the EU and memberstates (article 4b. The EU has to undertake measures to assure the coordination ofemployment policies of member states and to initiate the coordination of socialpolicies of member states.This paper analyzes the provisions that deal with employment, social dialog,consultations between employees and employers, child protection, as well as othersegments of social policy.

210 year anniversary of the Botanical Garden of the University of Tartu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Politsinski Zanna

2014-03-01

Full Text Available June 28, 2013 Botanic Garden of the University of Tartu has celebrated its 210th anniversary. To mark the occasion four significant events were presented: the first electric car trip, opening of the sculpture in honor of the gardeners of Estonia, the opening of "Moss garden" and a concert at the summer stage in the rock, which was held on June 29.

Hiroshima: A City with Peace as Its Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

Nesbitt, Donna

1998-01-01

Employs a summary of the story "Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes" by Eleanor Coerr as an introduction to the city of Hiroshima's (Japan) quest for world peace, peace education, and strong opposition to nuclear warfare. Discusses various symbols of peace, such as paper cranes in Japanese culture, and offers five teaching activities.…

Peace, Security, Globalisation & Cultural Diplomacy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashok Natarajan

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This article argues for a positive, comprehensive conception of peace that goes beyond the mere absence of war and a more integrated conception of human security that encompasses a wider range of issues than threats of physical violence. Education is one of humanity’s most effective social institutions for redirecting the violent physical energies of destruction into higher avenues of civilization and culture as an instrument of conscious social evolution. Organization is knowledge of higher accomplishment. Organization has the power to vastly accelerate and multiply the potentials of education for the promotion of peace and security. Peace and Security have a mutually reinforcing effect on each other in the sense that peace results in security while security results in peace. Physical violence eventually led to the development of the knowledge needed for the avoidance of violence by means of diplomacy, trade and cultural exchanges, marking the beginning of the transition from the physical to the mental level of evolution. Trade requires travel, transport, human interaction, exchange, trust with respect to products, and reliable mechanisms for the exchange of a stable currency that can only be effectively founded on an enduring peace that generates confidence among the traders. Isolated communities evolve a communal consciousness as they mature into organized social units founded on shared customs and culture, which later develop into a common legal framework. What began as diplomacy so many centuries ago has now evolved into a near universal recognition of fundamental human rights and the rule of law. The evolution of diplomacy in previous centuries is the foundation for the remarkable betterment of human life witnessed in recent times. The world is in the process of evolving a unifying global culture founded on universal values and recognition of the rich contributions of different cultures to humanity’s progress. As physical force once

Fifty Years of Safeguards under the EURATOM Treaty. A Regulatory Review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patel, B.; Chare, P.

2007-01-01

March 2007 marked the 50th anniversary of the signing of one of the founding treaties of the European Community. The EURATOM Treaty has its origins at a time when the stability of energy supplies in Europe was a major concern. Recently, much debate has centred on the possible reform or repeal of some parts of the treaty, given that its original aim was to promote and oversee the development of nuclear energy in Europe. This debate has focused attention on the future contribution of nuclear power to increasing energy demands in an enlarged Europe. However, despite these issues there is near universal agreement that the EURATOM Treaty has played a vital role in the protection of European citizens through the controls required for nuclear materials. Chapter 7 of the treaty (Safeguards) confers wide regulatory powers to the European Commission to ensure that civil nuclear materials are not diverted from their intended use as declared by the operators. This paper describes the early period of operation of the safeguards inspectorate, and gives statistics on the numbers and types of inspections carried out by the EURATOM inspectors, and discusses from an operational point of view the value of inspection activities. Further, a critical appraisal of Articles 77-85 within Chapter 7 is made. The paper also considers those safeguards requirements that are important to strengthen, in order to maintain a strong regulatory system to oversee future challenges, particularly in the context of increasing decommissioning activities within Europe. It is noteworthy that fifty-years after the founding of the treaty, many of the concerns about security of energy supply have re-emerged. It is a measure of the vision and forward thinking of its founders that the treaty has successfully overseen the safe and secure development of nuclear power in Europe (which currently provides a third of its electricity needs) and despite the many changes and developments that have occurred, that the

Atoms-for-Peace: an uncertain future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hansen, O.

1977-01-01

The United States was the originator and a principal architect of Atoms-for-Peace. In his address to the United Nations General Assembly on December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower proposed a ''way by which the miraculous inventiveness of man shall not be dedicated to his death, but consecrated to his life.'' He called for the creation of a new international agency and for the pooling of materials and technology to enhance the peaceful uses of atomic energy. The United States has contributed more than any other country to make this dream a reality. Today, the need to apply these same principles to assure mankind the peaceful benefits of the atom and to avoid nuclear war is more urgent than ever before. Now, however, Atoms-for-Peace may be a casualty of changing the U.S. nuclear policies. To place current developments in perspective, a brief review of the evolution of the program is presented

78 FR 24780 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Nonimmigrant Treaty Trader/Investor Application

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-26

...: Nonimmigrant Treaty Trader/Investor Application ACTION: Notice of request for public comment. SUMMARY: The... Information Collection: Nonimmigrant Treaty Trader/Investor Application. OMB Control Number: OMB-1405-0101... Number: DS-156E. Respondents: Nonimmigrant Treaty Trader/Investors. Estimated Number of Respondents: 17...

International cooperation and nuclear development. On the approval of the Argentina - Australia co-operation agreement for the peaceful uses of the nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gasol Varela, Claudia

2005-01-01

Argentina, with its National Atomic Energy Commission, has been maintaining during more than half a century an important activity for the development of nuclear energy and its peaceful applications. As a consequence of this tradition, it has strengthened its experience with the contribution to the international co-operation, as in the case of the Argentina-Australia co-operation agreement for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, signed on August 8th, 2001 and ratified by the Argentine Law No. 26.014. Both countries are parties of several international treaties and conventions: physical protection of nuclear materials, nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear accidents, fuel and wastes management, and others. These legal instruments are complemented by agreements for the applications of safeguards with the International Atomic Energy Agency. On the basis of these regulations the parties agreed to establish co-operation conditions in accordance with the pledge of non-proliferation. Furthermore the agreement states that the Governments have the power to designate the governmental organizations or individuals, as well as the legal entities, which will carry out the co-operation. The co-operation covers basic and applied research, development, design, construction and operation of nuclear reactors and other installations of the nuclear fuel cycle, its related technology as well as nuclear medicine, radioisotopes, etc [es

A Report on the Peace Education Commission Program, International Peace Research Association Conference 2010, Sydney, Australia

Science.gov (United States)

Toh, Swee-Hin

2010-01-01

From July 6th to 10th, 2010, International Peace Research Association (IPRA) held its biennial conference at the University of Sydney in Australia. Hosted by the University's Centre for Peace & Conflict Studies and coordinated by Jake Lynch and a team of dedicated staff and volunteers, the conference featured seven plenary panels and many…

Source Taxation of Technological Services in Finnish Tax Treaties

OpenAIRE

Kiviranta, Tuomas

2016-01-01

In this study, I analyze the various means of source taxation of technological and other services permitted by Finnish double taxation conventions and the future of source taxation of technological and other services. I attempt to shed light on the various means of source taxation of technological services permitted by Finnish tax treaties and by tax treaties also more generally. I analyze 1) the taxation of technological services in the source country as the profits of a permanent establishm...

Engaged Learning and Peace Corps Service in Tanzania: An Autoethnography

Science.gov (United States)

Darling, Brianna; Thorp, Laurie; Chung, Kimberly

2014-01-01

The Peace Corps Masters International program offers students the opportunity to combine their Peace Corps service with their master's education. This article demonstrates how classroom learning strengthened the author's Peace Corps service in Tanzania, which in turn strengthened her master's thesis. Peace Corps supports an approach to community…

The International Trend of Peace Education in the 1990s

OpenAIRE

Murakami, Toshifumi

2001-01-01

This paper describes the international trend of peace education in the 1990s. It became clear that peace educators in the world have different interests in educational matters by the comparative study of peace education in the 1990s. In the post cold war period, educators in the world did not take much interest in anti-war peace education nor disarmament education. Peace educators have shown more interest in nonviolent conflict resolution, conciliation between multi-ethnic and cultural groups...

The Arms Trade Treaty Opens New Possibilities at the UN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Scales Avery

2013-05-01

Full Text Available On 2 April, 2013, the Arms Trade Treaty, which had been blocked for ten years in the consensus-bound Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, was put directly before the United Nations General Assembly, and was passed by a massive majority. This historic victory opens new possibilities for progress on other seemingly intractable issues. In particular, it gives hope that a Nuclear Weapons Convention might be adopted by a direct vote on the floor of the General Assembly. The adoption of the NWC, even if achieved against the bitter opposition of the nuclear weapon states, would make it clear that the world’s peoples consider the threat of an all-destroying thermonuclear war to be completely unacceptable.Other precedents can be found in the International Criminal Court and the Ottawa Land Mine Treaty, both of which were adopted despite the vehement opposition of militarily powerful states. The Arms Trade Treaty, the ICC and the Land Mine Treaty all represent great steps forward. Although they may function imperfectly because of powerful opposition, they make the question of legality clear. In time, world public opinion will force aggressor states to follow international law.

Maintaining International Peace and Security: Reflections on Peace ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

it may take, under Article 42, "action by air, sea and land forces as may be necessary to ... budget. Police officers, election observers, human rights monitors and other civilians .... In Asia, only one of the five peace-support operations resulted in ..... armoured personnel carriers in less than satisfactory condition for moving.

Nuclear disarmament and peaceful nuclear technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, T.B.

1989-01-01

According to the author, it remains to be seen whether nuclear disarmament can reduce the risks of nuclear war sufficiently for the residual risks to be acceptable to a majority of the world's population, while at the same time vigorous growth in the world's dependence on nuclear energy for peaceful purposes continues. This paper discusses how use of nuclear materials from dismantled weapons as fuel for peaceful purposes may help progress to be made towards that goal, by stimulating considerable improvements in the effectiveness of arrangements for preventing diversion of the materials from peaceful to military purposes, while at the same time eliminating large numbers of nuclear weapons

Leadership in politics and science within the Antarctic Treaty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John R. Dudeney

2012-04-01

Full Text Available For over 50 years the Antarctic has been governed through the Antarctic Treaty, an international agreement now between 49 nations of whom 28 Consultative Parties (CPs undertake the management role. Ostensibly, these Parties have qualified for their position on scientific grounds, though diplomacy also plays a major role. This paper uses counts of policy papers and science publications to assess the political and scientific outputs of all CPs over the last 18 years. We show that a subset of the original 12 Treaty signatories, consisting of the seven claimant nations, the USA and Russia, not only set the political agenda for the continent but also provide most of the science, with those CPs producing the most science generally having the greatest political influence. None of the later signatories to the Treaty appear to play a major role in managing Antarctica compared with this group, with half of all CPs collectively producing only 7% of the policy papers. Although acceptance as a CP requires demonstration of a substantial scientific programme, the Treaty has no formal mechanism to review whether a CP continues to meet this criterion. As a first step to addressing this deficiency, we encourage the CPs collectively to resolve to hold regular international peer reviews of their individual science programmes and to make the results available to the other CPs.

Peace Education with Refugees: Case Studies

Science.gov (United States)

Kyuchukov, Hristo; New, William

2016-01-01

The authors suggest the possibility of using concepts and practices drawn from peace education to assist in the treatment and education of refugees suffering from post-traumatic stress. They introduce four basic principles of peace education, which permit students/clients to work through memory and present conflicts, and calls on…

CULTURAL FRONTIERS OF THE PEACE CORPS.

Science.gov (United States)

TEXTOR, ROBERT B., ED.

THE PRESENT WORK CONTAINS ANALYSES OF PEACE CORPS PROGRAMS IN SELECTED HOST COUNTRIES (THE PHILIPPINES, MALAYA, THAILAND, PERU, BOLIVIA, AFGHANISTAN, SOMALIA, NIGERIA, TANGANYIKA, SIERRA LEONE, TUNISIA, MOROCCO, AND JAMAICA) WRITTEN BY AN AUTHORITY ON EACH COUNTRY. COVERAGE OF DOMESTIC OPERATIONS OF THE PEACE CORPS IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO WHAT IS…

Paar küsimust võõrkeeleõpetajate koolitamise kohta Tartu ülikoolis / Marcus Hildebrandt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hildebrandt, Marcus

2015-01-01

Tänavu sügisest rakendatakse Tartu ülikooli õpetajakoolituse magistrikoolis uut võõrkeeleõpetaja õppekava, mille lõpetanu saab tulevikus õpetada kuni kolme ainet: kas ühte või mitut võõrkeelt või võõrkeelt ja mõnda teist humanitaarainet

Valitsus keskendas tähelepanu uuele maanteehoiukavale, sealhulgas Tallinna - Tartu maantee eelisarendamisele / kommenteeris E. Vahter

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Valitsus kinnitas 31. mail 2006 korraldusega nr. 323 Maanteeametis väljatöötatud maanteede hoiukava aastateks 2006-2009 ja kohustas Rahandusministeeriumi lisaks sellele nägema ette täiendava raha Tallinna-tartu maantee neljarealiseks ehitamise jätkamiseks aastatel 2008-2014

Teaching peace, transforming conflict? : exploring participants' perceptions of the impact of informal peace education training in Uganda

NARCIS (Netherlands)

May, A.

2008-01-01

Peace education has recemtly become very fashionable but little is known about he outcome and impact of both formal and informal peace-education programmes. This book is an attempt to fill the gap between well-meant intentions and reality by exploring the impact of an informal workshop-style

Tlatelolco treaty for the proscription of nuclear armaments in Latin America

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Espiell, H G

1981-03-01

The Tlateloco Treaty has established in Latin America the first and hitherto only zone free from nuclear armament existing in the inhabited world. This Latin American example guarantees not only the Continent's security from a future nuclear war, but it might also motivate the possible, though difficult, creation of other zones free from nuclear armament in other regions of the world. The Tlateloco system includes three instruments: a Treaty, open to signature and ratification by the Latin American States and two additional protocols. The Treaty includes regime of duties regarding military denuclearization, a control system, the creation of an organism (OPANAL) and the regime that governs pacific use of nuclear energy. The Treaty has been signed by 25 Latin American States (excepting Cuba, Guyana, Dominica and Santa Lucia), and ratified by 24 (excepting Argentine). There are 22 States members of OPANAL (all the rest, excepting Brazil and Chile). Additional Protocol I applies the military denuclearization regime to territories owned by non-Latin American States located in the Treaty zone. England and the Low Countries are Parts in the Additional Protocol I which has been signed, but not ratified, by the United States and France. Additional Protocol II establishes the duties of the powers possessing nuclear armaments with respect to the denuclearized Latin American zone. It has been signed and ratified by the United States, France, Great Britian, China, and the USSR.

Building Infrastructure for Peace in Nigerian Schools

African Journals Online (AJOL)

violence from its root and work to entrench a lasting culture of peace. Dealing with ... the cultivation of a culture of peace, positive attitudinal change among students, development of ...... Nigeria. Germany: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.

The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions

Science.gov (United States)

2014-08-27

article-by-article analysis can be found at http://www.state.gov/t/ avc /newstart/c44126.htm. 2 For a brief summary of the original START Treaty, as...2014, http://www.state.gov/t/ avc /rls/224236.htm . The fact sheet does not display warhead subtotals for each delivery system; it only includes an...of Strategic Offensive Forces, Fact Sheet, Washington, DC, April 1, 2014, http://www.state.gov/t/ avc /rls/228652.htm. The New START Treaty: Central

Tax Treaties and EC Law : Development, Problems and Solutions

OpenAIRE

Muren, Gustaf; Krohn, Peter

2008-01-01

Double taxation treaties play a vital part in the international relations between states regarding taxation matters. Since double taxation can occur as soon as a person has income in more than one state, it is very important that there can be effective remedies to the problems that can occur in these situations. Double taxation treaties are necessary in most situations created by international trade and they are even more important in such a free flowing economic co-operation such as the EU, ...

Peaceful uses of nuclear energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seaborg, Glenn T.

1970-01-01

It is now a quarter of a century since nuclear energy was introduced to the public. Its introduction was made in the most dramatic, but unfortunately in the most destructive way - through the use of a nuclear weapon. Since that introduction enormous strides have been made in developing the peaceful applications of this great and versatile force. Because these strides have always been overshadowed by the focusing of public attention on the military side of the atom, the public has never fully understood or appreciated the gains and status of the peaceful atom. This booklet is an attempt to correct, in some measure, this imbalance in public information and attitude. It is a compilation of remarks, and excerpts of remarks, that I have made in recent years in an effort to bring to the public the story of the remarkable benefits the peaceful atom has to offer man. This is a story that grows with the development and progress of the peaceful atom. It must be told so that we can learn to use the power of nuclear energy wisely and through this use help to build a world in which the military applications of the atom will never again be a threat to mankind

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty: Regulating Nuclear Weapons around the World

Science.gov (United States)

Middleton, Tiffany Willey

2010-01-01

In May 2010, scientists, national security experts, and state delegates from nations around the world will convene in New York for the 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference. They will review current guidelines for nuclear testing and possession of nuclear weapons in accordance with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968,…

Tartu abiturientide elu võimalus: päev Ühendriikide sõjalaeva pardal / Mari-Liis Pintson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pintson, Mari-Liis

2017-01-01

USA suursaadik James D. Melville juunior tegi Tartu Kristjan Jaak Petersoni gümnaasiumi kooliperele üllatuse ja kutsus rühma abituriente sel nädalal Tallinnas viibiva Ameerika Ühendriikide sõjalaeva USS Hué City pardale.

Doing "Leftist Propaganda" or Working towards Peace? Moving Greek-Cypriot Peace Education Struggles beyond Local Political Complexities

Science.gov (United States)

Charalambous, Constadina; Charalambous, Panayiota; Zembylas, Michalinos

2013-01-01

This paper investigates the interference of local politics with a peace education initiative in Greek-Cypriot education and the consequent impact on teachers' perceptions and responses. Focusing on a recent educational attempt to promote "peaceful coexistence", the authors explain how this attempt was seen by many teachers as being a…

Varane litograafia Tartu Ülikooli kunstimuuseumis : Albrecht Düreri litografeeritud joonistuste konserveerimine / Anne Arus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Arus, Anne

2011-01-01

Antakse ülevaade Tartu Ülikooli graafikakollektsiooni kujunemisest, millest enamus pärineb von Liphartide kunstikogust, litograafia leiutajast Alois Senefelderist, erinevatest litograafilistest joonistusviisidest ja kopeerimisvõimalustest. Praktilise töö raames konserveeriti-restaureeriti valik kõige halvemas seisundis töödest, mis olid eksponeerimiskõlbmatud ja mille säilimine oli ohus

The legacy of the Treaty of Lausanne in the light of Greek-Turkish relations in the twentieth century: Greek perceptions of the Treaty of Lausanne

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sfetas Spyridon

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The Treaty of Lausanne and the compulsory exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey became the basis both for the reorientation of their foreign policies and for the establishment of close relations of friendship and cooperation between the two countries. But the Cyprus question and the Aegean conflict affected bilateral relations. It had a negative impact on the Treaty of Lausanne.

Peace and development through the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-01-01

Nuclear science and technology can help find solutions to many of the problems people face every day across the globe. When used safely and securely, nuclear science and technology are effective supplements or provide alternatives to conventional approaches, which makes them an important part of the international community’s work for development. In its contribution to global objectives, the IAEA serves the international goals of peace, health and prosperity by assisting countries to adopt nuclear tools for a wide range of peaceful applications. Within the context of global trends and development, IAEA services — some highly visible on the global stage, others delivered more discreetly— underpin collective efforts for the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology. They are supported by the IAEA’s specialized laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, and in Monaco, as well as dedicated programmes, networks and collaborations with partners. Through the IAEA’s assistance, nuclear techniques are put to use in various areas, including human health, food and agriculture, the environment, water, energy, nuclear safety and security, and the preservation of artefacts. Within the context of global trends and development, IAEA services — some highly visible on the global stage, others delivered more discreetly— underpin collective efforts for the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology. They are supported by the IAEA’s specialized laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria, and in Monaco, as well as dedicated programmes, networks and collaborations with partners. Through the IAEA’s assistance, nuclear techniques are put to use in various areas, including human health, food and agriculture, the environment, water, energy, nuclear safety and security, and the preservation of artefacts.

Elise Boulding and Peace Education: Theory, Practice, and Quaker Faith

Science.gov (United States)

Stephenson, Carolyn M.

2012-01-01

Elise Boulding wrote academically to help to create and influence the field of peace education, and lived a life that exemplified it. Her life integrated theory and practice and exemplified peace "praxis" as the "craft and skills of doing peace" and "the integration of thought and action". For Boulding, peace education occurred at all levels,…

PRACTICE OF PEACE FROM THE ETHICS OF CARE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Yaravit Bernal-Lujano

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This article is to give an overview priority of teachers versus Group in Elementary Education with regard to the realization of peace practices that begin from the ethics of care for conflict transformation, the school building towards a peaceful coexistence with analysis of nonviolence; it is important that this education is based on the interests of children from the lighter side such as cooperative games that allow integration with others, forming emotional bonds. The promotion of education for peace from the care of themselves, others, including the environment and all living beings as part of that indispensable for the education of children holistic peace.

Atoms for peace: after thirty years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bolet, A.M.; Ebinger, C.K.; Pilat, J.; Pendley, R.

1984-01-01

An overview of the conference marking the thirtieth anniversary of Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace proposal is presented. The conference provided a forum for exchange of information and opinion among nuclear scientists, statesmen, and scholars on the objectives and implementation of Atoms for Peace. The principal themes and opinions presented at the meeting are summarized

Role of sustainable development in Bilateral Investment Treaties : Recent trends and developments

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Levashova, Y.

2012-01-01

In the last decade, international investment law has undergone an explosive growth, which is characterized by the proliferation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and a growing number of investment-treaty arbitrations. The effect of BITs on developing countries (host states) can be

Role of sustainable development in Bilateral Investment Treaties : Recent trends and developments

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Levashova, Y.

2011-01-01

In the last decade, international investment law has undergone an explosive growth, which is characterized by the proliferation of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and a growing number of investment-treaty arbitrations. The effect of BITs on developing countries (host states) can be

Towards the fourth review conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1990

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1989-01-01

This publication focuses on the background of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), its main provisions and some of the major issues discussed at the three conferences that have thus far been held to review the operation of the Treaty. A fourth conference to review the operation of the Treaty will be held at Geneva from 20 August to 14 September 1990. It will be the last regular review conference before the convening, in 1995, of a conference which will ''decide whether the Treaty shall continue in force indefinitely or shall be extended for an additional fixed period or periods'' (article X, para.2). A Preparatory Committee (open to all parties) for the Fourth Review Conference has been established by the parties to the NPT, and 95 parties attended the first session, held in New York from 1 to 5 May 1989

Atoms for peace awards

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1968-01-01

In making their annual selection for 1968 the Atoms for Peace Award Trust has paid signal tribute to the Agency. Each of the three recipients has for many years contributed to its work. Sigvard Eklund, Abdus Salam and Henry DeWolf Smyth received their gold medallion and $30 000 honorarium at a ceremony in New York on 14 October this year. All of them have achieved high distinction in science, but their greatest efforts have been to make the world aware of the benefits to be gained from using nuclear knowledge for peace, health and prosperity. (author)

Methods Used to Deal with Peace Process Spoilers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MA. Bilbil Kastrati

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The conflicts of the past three decades have shown that the major problems which peace processes face are the spoilers. Spoilers are warring parties and their leaders who believe that peaceful settlement of disputes threatens their interests, power and their reputation; therefore, they use all means to undermine or completely spoil the process. Spoilers of peace processes can be inside or outside of the process and are characterized as limited, greedy or total spoilers. Their motives for spoiling can be different, such as: political, financial, ethnic, security, etc. Furthermore, it is important to emphasise that spoilers are not only rebels and insurgents, but can often be governments, diasporas, warlords, private military companies, etc. In order to counteract the spoilers, the international community has adopted and implemented three methods: inducement, socialization and coercion. Often all three methods are used to convince the spoilers to negotiate, accept and implement peace agreements. Hence, this paper will examine the methods used to deal with peace process spoilers through an assessment of the strategies employed, impact, success and failures. This paper will also argue that the success or failure of the peace process depends on the method(s used to deal with spoilers. If the right method is chosen, with a persistent engagement of the international community, the peace process will be successful; on the contrary, if they fail to do so, the consequences will be devastating.

Experts in the cold war. War experiences and peace conceptions of US-American physicists 1920-1963; Experten im Kalten Krieg. Kriegserfahrungen und Friedenskonzeptionen US-amerikanischer Kernphysiker 1920-1963

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wunderle, Ulrike

2015-07-01

The study is dedicated to the American elite of nuclear physicists, which explained after the second world war the possibilities of their science for war and peace. What induced their thinking and handling? The focus lies on the scientific shapings and war experiences of the first really international generation of physicists, which began in the 1920th years their career before many of their representatives had to fly from the NS regime from Europe and cooperated in the Manhattan project in the construction of the atomic bomb. These experiences the author refers to in order to get on the track of the explanations of the exper elite in the immediate afterwar time and in the cold war. How far their internationally and by actual war experiences shaped thinking about their own contribution as scientist to the national security - in the sense of discouragement or the cooperative conflict regulation - found its expression in the cold war, is drawn on different action levels of the participants from the Geneve conference ''Atoms for Peace'' of 1955 until the signing of the so-called Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

a Gender Perspective on Peace Education and the Work for Peace

Science.gov (United States)

Brock-Utne, Birgit

2009-05-01

This article offers a gender perspective on peace education and the work for peace. To what extent are girls and boys in our society being socialised equally or differently when it comes to learning how to care, empathise with others and engage in or endure violent behaviour? Why are women generally more likely than men to support conscientious objectors, and oppose war toys and war itself? Gender is a powerful legitimator of war and national security. As in other conflict situations around the world, gendered discourses were used in the US following 11 September 2001 in order to reinforce mutual hostilities. Our acceptance of a remasculinised society rises considerably during times of war and uncertainty. War as a masculine activity has been central to feminist investigations.

Towards a Spirituality of Peace | De Villiers | Acta Theologica

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This article contributes towards designing a Spirituality of Peace within Spirituality as a discipline. It first analyses the increasing attention to violence and peace generally and within religious contexts specifically. It then critically evaluates some approaches that view violence and peace as moral issues and shows how these ...

Towards a theory and (better practice of peace journalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilhelm Kempf

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Situating peace journalism in the context of social-psychological and media-sociological theories, this paper argues that peace journalism can best be furthered by a gradual process of development that adapts it to the level of conflict escalation, mainstream media discourse and over-all societal climate. Only if it takes these factors into consideration can peace journalism be effective and reach at least moderate segments of society. Hardliners who are already committed to a war frame can seldom be converted, but rather will defend their beliefs using all available means, including attempts to discredit peace journalism itself. In order to maintain their credibility, peace journalists must prove their integrity and avoid crossing the line separating journalism from activism.

78 FR 7759 - Patent Cooperation Treaty

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-04

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Patent and Trademark Office Patent Cooperation Treaty ACTION: Proposed collection; comment request. SUMMARY: The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), as part of its... States Patent and Trademark Office, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA 22313-1450. Federal Rulemaking Portal...

Finding a Reasonable Foundation for Peace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberta Bayer

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Can world peace come about through a world federation of governments? Is growing agreement and appreciation for, throughout the world, the doctrine of equal human rights inevitable? Such questions are raised by Mortimer Adler in How to Think about War and Peace. Adler argues in this book that both are possible, and in doing so he argues that the insights of liberal contract thinkers, particularly Immanuel Kant, are essentially true. Kant argues that each person has the capacity to discover within himself the foundation for human rights because they are self-evident. It follows that over time inequalities and prejudices will disappear, and people will gain the freedom to advance the cause of peace. About this account of the possibility of world peace I ask the question: is it indeed reasonable? For if it is reasonable, it is not reasonable for the reasons that would have been advanced by Aristotle or Plato or their medieval followers. In older political philosophy it is agreement about the unchanging truth of things that can bring peace. To seek the unchanging truth of things, philosophical speculation about God and things divine, is the highest human activity. It is that end to which life in this world is directed, and upon which human flourishing depends. Freedom depends upon our openness to unchanging eternal truth, even more than self-evident rights; the exercise of speculative reasoning allows for political discourse and an open society.

Japan’s Role in Conflict Resolution and Effective Governance in Tajikistan: Case of the Tajik civil war, 1992-1997

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farrukh Usmonov

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Tajikistan faced Civil War in 1992-1997, which damaged country’s economy and infrastructure. Thus from 1994 Government and United Opposition with support of International society started Inter-Tajik negotiation process, which ended up with signing Peace Treaty in 1997. Japan unlike other countries of the region wasn’t much involved into conflict in Tajikistan, but in opposite, it was supportive into the peace enhancement in country. In 1999 Japanese government created platform for the Inter-Tajik Peace negotiators (including officials from government and opposition of Tajikistan, UN envoys, representatives from IOs and NGOs, Japanese MoFA and other experts and invited them to Japan to discuss outcome of the Peace Treaty and to look forward on solving remaining issues before Parliamentary election in year 2000. This project considered as final international dialogue between Tajikistani side and International society before country moves onward. Current paper focuses on topic which was discussed in Tokyo, and define outcome of this project.

Translating biotechnology to knowledge-based innovation, peace, and development? Deploy a Science Peace Corps--an open letter to world leaders.

Science.gov (United States)

Hekim, Nezih; Coşkun, Yavuz; Sınav, Ahmet; Abou-Zeid, Alaa H; Ağırbaşlı, Mehmet; Akintola, Simisola O; Aynacıoğlu, Şükrü; Bayram, Mustafa; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Dandara, Collet; Dereli, Türkay; Dove, Edward S; Elbeyli, Levent; Endrenyi, Laszlo; Erciyas, Kamile; Faris, Jack; Ferguson, Lynnette R; Göğüş, Fahrettin; Güngör, Kıvanç; Gürsoy, Mervi; Gürsoy, Ulvi K; Karaömerlioğlu, M Asım; Kickbusch, Ilona; Kılıç, Türker; Kılınç, Metin; Kocagöz, Tanıl; Lin, Biaoyang; LLerena, Adrián; Manolopoulos, Vangelis G; Nair, Bipin; Özkan, Bülent; Pang, Tikki; Sardaş, Şemra; Srivastava, Sanjeeva; Toraman, Cengiz; Üstün, Kemal; Warnich, Louise; Wonkam, Ambroise; Yakıcıer, Mustafa Cengiz; Yaşar, Ümit; Özdemir, Vural

2014-07-01

Scholarship knows no geographical boundaries. This science diplomacy and biotechnology journalism article introduces an original concept and policy petition to innovate the global translational science, a Science Peace Corps. Service at the new Corps could entail volunteer work for a minimum of 6 weeks, and up to a maximum of 2 years, for translational research in any region of the world to build capacity manifestly for development and peace, instead of the narrow bench-to-bedside model of life science translation. Topics for translational research are envisioned to include all fields of life sciences and medicine, as long as they are linked to potential or concrete endpoints in development, foreign policy, conflict management, post-crisis capacity building, and/or peace scholarship domains. As a new instrument in the global science and technology governance toolbox, a Science Peace Corps could work effectively, for example, towards elucidating the emerging concept of "one health"--encompassing human, environmental, plant, microbial, ecosystem, and planet health--thus serving as an innovative crosscutting pillar of 21(st) century integrative biology. An interdisciplinary program of this caliber for development would link 21(st) century life sciences to foreign policy and peace, in ways that can benefit many nations despite their ideological differences. We note that a Science Peace Corps is timely. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations released the Fifth Assessment Report on March 31, 2014. Worrisomely, the report underscores that no person or nation will remain untouched by the climate change, highlighting the shared pressing life sciences challenges for global society. To this end, we recall that President John F. Kennedy advocated for volunteer work that has enduring, transgenerational, and global impacts. This culminated in establishment of the Peace Corps in 1961. Earlier, President Abraham Lincoln aptly observed, "nearly

Tartu ülikooli kohus 19. sajandil / Jüri Jegorov ; tõlkinud vene keelest Olja Kivistik, Marju Luts-Sootak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jegorov, Jüri, 1922-

2012-01-01

Tartu ülikooli kohtuorganite struktuurist ja asjaajamise arengust 19. sajandil. Kohtu kompetentsist, kohtumenetlusest, 1803. ja 1820. aasta põhikirjadest, üliõpilasreeglitest, kohtu määratud karistustest ning tudengite aukohtust

Ballistic Missile Defense and ABM Treaty Limitations

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Robinson, Brian

1998-01-01

The U.S. must critically evaluate our current ballistic missile defense (BMD) strategy. In today's geostrategic context, is it sound strategy to continue to impose 1972 ABM Treaty restrictions on BMD systems development...

Report on the 2016 conference Tax Treaty Case Law Around the Globe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Hulten, Mart; Jallai, Ave-Geidi

2016-01-01

Each year the international conference Tax Treaty Case Law Around the Globe provides a forum to discuss with outstanding experts of the relevant jurisdictions the most important and interesting tax treaty cases which recently have been decided all over the world. This article provides a report on

Studying Peace in Elementary Schools: Laying a Foundation for the "Peaceable Kingdom."

Science.gov (United States)

Tabachnick, B. Robert

1990-01-01

Examines peace education at the elementary school level, stressing the need to include interpersonal and international relations when teaching peace. Suggests peace education can lead children to prosocial behavior. Sees peace as a positive of being. Urges the infusion of peace education throughout the elementary social studies curriculum. (CH)

The Rise and Fall of Liberal Peace in Libya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siyum Adugna Mamo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In the wake of the 2011 “Arab Uprising”, liberal elements were haunting in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya – countries which experienced the uprising at its early stage. The liberal elements triggered the youth particularly in Libya to boldly oppose their long-serving Libyan president, Muammar Qaddafi. In what followed, the West not only interfered to help the rebels and become involved in a direct military intervention in the guise of humanitarian intervention, it also tried to install a liberal peace in the process of state reconstruction and peacebuilding in the aftermath of the revolution that ousted Qaddafi. The intervention had an implicit agenda of regime change and installing liberal peace in post-Qaddafi Libya. However, the intervention descended the country into a protracted civil war that the country has been suffering from for more than six years after the downfall of Qaddafi, instead of bringing peace and stability to the Libyans. The liberal peace that was rising during the revolution and immediately after the fall of Qaddafi through the liberal ideals that triggered the Libyan revolutionaries ruptured as the country descended into protracted civil war among different factions due to Western intervention. The aim of this desk research is therefore to unpack the rise and fall of liberal peace in Libya. Employing discussion of the debate over liberal peace in Libya as a core methodological analysis, this paper argues that the liberal peace that the West attempted to install in the country failed mainly because it was rooted in hegemonic liberal values, which are incompatible with Libyan tribal society, and disregarded the indigenous peacebuilding mechanisms. This paper concludes that liberal peace, which privileges the international over the local, is irreconcilable with post-conflict environments in the Global South and hence was unable to solve the Libyan crises. Therefore, emphasis should be given to indigenous peacebuilding

Beneficial Ownership Provisions In Tax Treaties Between Developed And Developing Countries: The Canada/South Africa Example

OpenAIRE

Lee-Ann Steenkamp

2013-01-01

In the years since the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) adopted its first draft tax treaty in 1963, the world has experienced an astonishing surge in international trade and investment. The tax treatment of these cross-border transactions is affected by double tax agreements. As tax treaty networks will likely continue to expand, concerns about tax treaty abuse might be expected to grow. The extent to which a countrys tax treaty policy favours developing countries ...

PEACE IN THE MIDST OF VIOLENCE: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF ELITES IN PRESERVING PEACE AND HARMONY IN MANADO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Rivai Abbas

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The study attempts to look at the existing inter-religious peace and harmony in Manado. The focus is an attempt to compare between Manado and Ambon which are similar in terms of demographic composition, historical background, political and cultural values but at the same time both are different; the former was in conflict, while the latter was an area of peace during the conflict escalation that engulfed some parts of East Indonesia. This study also tries to look at the strategy of Christian and Muslim communities in both cities in dealing with social tensions. In addition, this article specifically tries to explain factors that contribute to the presence of peace in Manado and its absence in Ambon. Subsequently, attention is also paid to the impact and mechanisms used by the elite in maintaining peace in Manado. This study uncovers some interesting findings. First, there are five elements that support the existence of peace in Manado: education, cultural values (local wisdom, economic situations, spiritual understanding, and the role of the elite. Second, inter-religious peace and harmony can exist in Manado, because of the synergy and cooperation of these three levels of leadership. Third, although the theory of Lederach seems to suggest that top-level leaders are the most dominant element of the elite, it is found that the role of grassroots leaders including leaders of congregations (imam, ustadz, clergymen, and priests is more vital as their more directly involved in the daily activities of the society. Fourth, the mechanisms of these elites seem to be various in every stage of leadership.

‘Peace without women does not go!’ Women’s struggle for inclusion in Colombia’s peace process with the FARC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina M. Céspedes-Báez

2018-04-01

Full Text Available In this study, we analyze the tactics deployed by Colombian women’s rights NGOs, movements, and advocacy groups to challenge masculinism in the peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the former Colombian guerrilla Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC held in Havana.1 By drawing on the literature on women’s participation in peace and transitional justice processes, the research assesses the presence of women in Colombia’s peace talks, the way women’s movements articulated their demands, the role of the sub-commission on gender, and the manner in which gender was introduced in the drafts of the peace agreement and in the document the parties to the negotiation signed in Cartagena in September 2016.

Community based rehabilitation: a strategy for peace-building

OpenAIRE

Hodgson Jennifer; Koros Michael; Boyce William

2002-01-01

Abstract Background Certain features of peace-building distinguish it from peacekeeping, and make it an appropriate strategy in dealing with vertical conflict and low intensity conflict. However, some theorists suggest that attempts, through peace-building, to impose liberal values upon non-democratic cultures are misguided and lack an ethical basis. Discussion We have been investigating the peace-building properties of community based approaches to disability in a number of countries. This p...

The Brazilian position during the final transactions the treaty for the proscriptions of nuclear weapons in Latin America

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fonseca Costa, C.E.S.C. da.

1979-02-01

The Brazilian position during the final transactions on the treaty for the proscription of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America is presented. An analysis of the main clauses of this treaty is given, well as a comparative study between the principle points of Tlatelolco Treaty and Non-Proliferation Treaty [pt

Partnership for Peace

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Penner, Vernon

1996-01-01

Partnership for Peace (PFP) has gotten off to a highly successful start over the past two years with an accelerated growth in membership encompassing the Euro-Atlantic community, the rapid development of its own military...

State Succession in Int'l Transboundary Water Obligations: South ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Abiy Chelkeba

7 International Crisis Group (2006), Sudan Comprehensive Peace ... the case of South Sudan has examined the theories of state succession and it reached at .... Case Study of the Nile Water Treaties, Published by Konrad Adenauer Foundation and ... The treaty is also reproduced in Office of Legal Affairs, cited above in this.

Peace journalism and radical media ethics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Natalia Lukacovic

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The radical characteristics of peace journalism position it as a model that expands the current understandings of normative media theory. Peace journalism echoes the most innovative calls of media ethicists, such as the proposition of radical media ethics. This idea asserts the necessity to expand media ethics to better fit the globalized and democratized media landscape, which is enabled by contemporary new media technologies. Essentially a global shift, among professionals as well as regular citizen-communicators, should advance towards conflict sensitivity in order to transcend the culturally violent elements of covering conflicts. Similar efforts will bring numerous challenges, however, these efforts are tremendously worthwhile with their potential to assist the creation of more peace-prone global societies.

Enhanced Cooperation under the Lisbon Treaty

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groenendijk, Nico

2011-01-01

Enhanced cooperation is often regarded as being a way out of EU decision-making deadlock and as a major possibility of proceeding with European integration in selected areas. Although the mechanism has been in place since the Treaty of Amsterdam, enhanced cooperation has only recently become a

International aspects of nuclear energy - guarantees for peaceful applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Longo, P.

1980-03-01

The author considers activities connected with treaties and international agreements in the context of safeguarding nuclear materials and technology and protection against radioactive contamination. A review is provided of the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Convention on Physical Protection, the International Fuel Cycle Evaluation and the London Dumping Convention. (NEA) [fr

Do peaceful nuclear explosions have a future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1988-01-01

The idea of peaceful uses for nuclear explosive devices arose almost simultaneously with the concept of the nuclear explosion itself. It has been a powerful idea in that it soon generated major study efforts in the United States and the USSR and also captured the interest of many developing nations. But in spite of this considerable interest and much expenditure of funds and effort, the expectation that economically viable uses will be found for peaceful nuclear explosions looks even more distant now that when the first studies were initiated. This, at least, is the conclusion of two recent U.S. studies of the economic feasibility and time scale for application of peaceful nuclear explosions by the United States. The larger of these two studies was prepared by the Gulf Universities Research Consortium, and dealt particularly with possibilities for use in the United States by 1990 of contained, i.e., underground, peaceful nuclear explosions. This paper provides briefer analysis by an ad hoc panel assesses the implications of the Gulf report, considers other uses for peaceful nuclear explosions, and summarizes the reasons why there is only a small possibility that there will be significant use of them by the United States before the year 2000

The Ecuador-Peru Peace Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcel Fortuna Biato

Full Text Available Abstract The 1998 Brasilia Peace Agreement ended a territorial dispute between Ecuador and Peru that, due to the size and location of the contested area, had remained a source of regional instability and continental tensions for decades. This paper examines the circumstances that finally allowed negotiations, beginning in 1995, to overcome an almost two-centuries-old conflict, long after almost all territorial disputes in South America had been laid to rest. It will focus in particular on the diplomatic endeavours by the guarantor countries of the 1942 Rio de Janeiro Protocol, which involved a unique set of negotiations, and the setting up of the first effective multilateral peace operation in South America. It also suggests that the peace agreement benefited from the dynamics of economic integration underway since the 1980s. Finally, it considers the implications for regional security arrangements, as well as Brazil’s leadership credentials in South America.

Foreign Language Training in the United States Peace Corps.

Science.gov (United States)

Kulakow, Allan

This document reports on the foreign language training offered in the Peace Corps. Following a brief introductory statement, a list of languages taught by the Peace Corps in the years 1961-67 is provided, as well as a brief description of Peace Corps language training methods. Guidelines for language coordinators are outlined, and the approach to…

Accounting and international relations:Britain, Spain and the Asiento treaty

OpenAIRE

Carmona, S.; Donoso, R.; Walker, S.P.

2010-01-01

The boundaries between accounting and law are contingent on time-space intersections. Here, these margins are explored in the realm of international relations by focusing on the Asiento, an 18th century treaty granting Britain the monopoly to trade slaves with the Spanish American colonies. Although a relatively minor concern of treaty-makers, noncompliance with provisions of the Asiento by the South Sea Company placed accounting centre stage in conflicts between Britain and Spain. In combina...

Personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war

OpenAIRE

Blumberg, Herbert H.; Zeligman, Ruth; Appel, Liat; Tibon-Czopp, Shira

2017-01-01

Purpose\\ud The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between major personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war.\\ud \\ud Design/methodology/approach\\ud Three samples – two consisting of British psychology students (n=64 and 121) and one of Israeli students (n=80), responded to measures of some or all of: five-factor inventory, SYMLOG trait form, general survey including authoritarianism; attitudes towards peace and war; specific attitudes towards peace and war poli...

Treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons: Review conference of the States Parties Geneva 1985

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1984-01-01

The Third Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons will be held in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1985 with a view to assuring that the purposes and provisions of the Treaty are being realized. The Treaty, commonly referred to as the non-proliferation Treaty, is the fundamental instrument to avert the danger of proliferation of nuclear weapons and is, perhaps, the most important multilateral arms regulation agreement of our time. It was negotiated in the 1960s in the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament in Geneva and in the United Nations General Assembly. The Treaty was opened for signature in London, Moscow and Washington on July 1, 1968. On that date, it was signed by the three Depositary Governments - the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States - and by 58 other States. As of December 31, 1983 the number of States parties to the Treaty had risen to 119

The Irish 'no' to the Lisbon Treaty: Ireland's voice and Europe's exit?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Curtin, D.

2009-01-01

The "no" of the Irish electorate against the Treaty of Lisbon has hit the European elite hard. However, it was not directed against support for the EU as such but rather against a deliberately unintelligible Treaty. Lack of knowledge seems to have played a pivotal role in the voting behaviour, as

CULTURE OF PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MEDIATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A STATE OF PEACE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Benito Pérez Sauceda

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The Mediation is a principal element for the construction of a real Positive Peace. If we want create a Peace State, we need conditions of Justice and Equity, is necessary that the justice system use the Mediation in first place. A government who promote it and citizens educated in this competitions of dialogues, empathy, cooperation and constructions agreements. In this document we make a theory study contribution concerning to the Positive Conflict Resolution in the Culture of Peace and special of the Mediation with the objective to understand the importance, patterns, haracteristics, purposes, objectives and promote its implementation.

VAT on leasing : [teadusmagistritöö] / Denis Polman ; Tartu Ülikool, õigusteaduskond ; juhendajad: Irene Kull, Lasse Lehis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Polman, Denis

2003-01-01

Liisingu mõiste erinevusi, liisingtehingute käibemaksustamise ülevaade, liisingutehingute käive Euroopa Liidu ühtse käibemaksusüsteemi seisukohalt, liisingu käibemaksukäsitlus Eestis. - Kaitses 16. 01. 2004. a. Tartu Ülikoolis

CSIR eNews: Defence peace safety and security

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

CSIR

2009-08-01

Full Text Available , peace, safety and security. CSIR Defence, Peace, Safety and Security provides a national defence S&T capability: supplying knowledge, advice and solutions in defence and matters of national security....

Good journalism or peace journalism?

OpenAIRE

David Loyn

2007-01-01

This paper argues against the prescriptive notions of Peace Journalism, and in particular its exclusive nature and attempt to define itself as a new orthodoxy. Most of the paper is a critique of the work of Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick, in a book published in 2005, as well as their earlier Reporting the World series. They condemn all other ways of reporting as 'War Journalism, biased in favour of war.' I argue instead that the opposite of Peace Journalism is good journalism. Much of ...

Russia’s Treaties of Friendship and Co-Operation in Asia

Science.gov (United States)

1980-03-01

two years. 13. Malaysia No treaty in the immediate future, but there exists the possibility of a non-socialist oriented treaty if Soviet- Malaysian ...health services, the press, radio, television, cinema , tourism, sport, and other fields. The two sides shall facilitate the expansion of cooperation...and contacts between them in the fields of science, art, literature, education, health care the press, radio, television, cinema , tourism and spirit

Nuclear-weapon-free zones in the Asia Pacific region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Eiji

1997-01-01

The Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty decided on the indefinite extension of the Treaty, and adopted two documents 'principles and Objectives for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament' and 'Strengthening the Review Process for the Treaty'. In the former document, the Conference encourages the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones, on the conviction that such zones will enhance global and regional peace and security. Besides the Rarotonga Treaty, ASEAN countries plan to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the South-East Asia

Institutionalising co-operation : a study of the Elysée treaty and Franco-German co-operation 1963-1993

OpenAIRE

Sverdrup, Bjørn Otto

1994-01-01

"INSTITUTIONALISING CO-OPERATION. A STUDY OF THE ELYSÉE TREATY AND FRANCO-GERMAN CO-OPERATION 1963-93" In 1963, France and Germany completed 'The Franco-German Treaty on Organization and Principles of Co-operation', the so-called Elysée Treaty. The Elysée Treaty, and its protocols, are in this study viewed as a political institution, hence the Elysée Treaty will be referred to as the Franco-German institution. This study seeks to answer the question of how the Franco-German institution has...

Opinion Polls and the Panama Canal Treaties of 1977: A Critical Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Ted J., III; Hogan, J. Michael

Noting that 1977 public opinion polls concerning the new Panama Canal treaties were interpreted as showing increased support for the treaties, this paper contends that this interpretation was erroneous and that the major outcome of the extensive polling was misleading data. The paper is divided into three major analytical sections. The first…

Harvesting Social Signals to Inform Peace Processes Implementation and Monitoring.

Science.gov (United States)

Nigam, Aastha; Dambanemuya, Henry K; Joshi, Madhav; Chawla, Nitesh V

2017-12-01

Peace processes are complex, protracted, and contentious involving significant bargaining and compromising among various societal and political stakeholders. In civil war terminations, it is pertinent to measure the pulse of the nation to ensure that the peace process is responsive to citizens' concerns. Social media yields tremendous power as a tool for dialogue, debate, organization, and mobilization, thereby adding more complexity to the peace process. Using Colombia's final peace agreement and national referendum as a case study, we investigate the influence of two important indicators: intergroup polarization and public sentiment toward the peace process. We present a detailed linguistic analysis to detect intergroup polarization and a predictive model that leverages Tweet structure, content, and user-based features to predict public sentiment toward the Colombian peace process. We demonstrate that had proaccord stakeholders leveraged public opinion from social media, the outcome of the Colombian referendum could have been different.

Fifty years of atoms for peace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Airey, P.; Tuniz, C.

2003-01-01

The nuclear community around the world will be marking the 50th anniversary of President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace Speech on 8 December 2003. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is organising a series of seminars in the US, Japan and France which will culminate in consensus statement Atoms for Peace after 50 Years; New Challenges and Opportunities. A separate initiative has seen the foundation of the World Nuclear University with the mission to strengthen international institutions to guide the ongoing development of the peaceful nuclear technology. The challenge for the nuclear community over the next 50 years is to redefine and recommit to the old vision in a new world challenged by new dimensions in national security, by environmental degradation and by the impacts of population pressures coupled with predicted climate change

War and peace in the Internet era

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep M. Porta Fabregat

2004-04-01

Full Text Available This article looks to find the ideological causes that lead human beings to war or peace nowadays, in the Internet era. This proposal is worthy of study as war is not a need in terms of human nature or history: we are capable of war and peace simultaneously. However, why does war survive if we are able to live in peace? In our opinion, the actual cause of conflict is fanaticism. This phenomenon comes from the perversion of the two bases of our civilisation: liberty and rationality. This twofold perversion leads us to believe that we are the Absolute, or at least its instrument.Since the fall of the Berlin wall, this kind of fanaticism has come from the generalised conviction that we are at the "end of history"; in this light, one can conclude that this irrationality is definitive and, thus, that any efforts to achieve world peace are useless. However, we believe that the formula for peace can only be derived from reflection and the effective extension around the world of a technical medium that makes communication between all men possible. This would be able to resolve all the perversions of liberty and rationality and make people aware of the infinite distance between us and the Absolute. However, this reflection is not enough. For this awareness to triumph, the technical and ideological situation represented by the Internet has to spread over the whole planet: liberty for those taking part, rationality to allow for communication among all those connected and universal access. This is the moral trend for the Internet, which in itself encourages progress towards world peace.

A Legal and Economic Analysis of Austria's Double Tax Treaty Network with Developing Countries

OpenAIRE

Braun, Julia; Fuentes Hernandez, Daniel

2014-01-01

To what degree developing countries gain from signing double tax treaties is being hotly debated. In this paper, we analyze the Austrian tax treaty policy. Combining legal and economic perspectives, we find that developing countries are likely to expect both positive and negative impacts from signing a double tax treaty (DTT) with Austria. On the one hand, the results of our econometric analysis suggest that middle-income countries that sign a DTT with Austria may expect an inc...

US-India agreement for peaceful nuclear cooperation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2008-01-01

The United States and India acheived a historic agreement for strategic partnership after the completion of negotiations on the bilateral agreement for peaceful nuclear cooperation, also known as the agreement of 123. This agreement regulates the civilian nuclear trade between the two countries and opens the door wide to U.S. and Indian companies for a partnership in every other country in the civil nuclear industry. This agreement has opened the door to complete the remaining steps for the the widest American Indian cooperation in the field of civil uses of atomic energy. Critics to the agreement within the United States say that the agreement reflected serious consequences on the ability of the United States to force other countries to comply with the prevention of nuclear proliferation. The global criticism focused on that the agreement strikes at the heart of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and is considered a dangerous precedent to break the laws of the International Tribunal, and especially the laws and rules of the International Group of Suppliers, which includes 45 countries. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) says that the agreement is an important step towards meeting India's growing energy needs, especially nuclear technology which is the engine of development. Immediately after the completion of the United States and India for their bilateral agreement for nuclear cooperation, Israel announced that it was seeking U.S. help in the establishment of a power reactor while pressing the direction of tightening control over Iran's nuclear program while some Arab countries announced their desire to have nuclear reactors for electricity generation purposes.

Pacifist Empowerment of the Current Peace Process in Colombia: 2012-2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esperanza Hernández Delgado

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Colombia has been an internal armed conflict that has over half a century and is identified within the oldest. This country is also evidence, an important cumulative learning in peace processes; and the search for a negotiated end of the conflict, by governments and insurgent movements in the past thirty- three years. However, so far it not achieved the desired final peace agreement with all insurgent movements, leaving the country in a permanent limbo: neither peace nor total war; nor peace negotiations with the expected scope, or defeat the enemy. It is in this context that this paper feed, product of a research exercise for peace, conducted with the Institute of Political Studies at the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga -UNAB- , is located and focused on the peace process, since October 2012, a head President Juan Manuel Santos and the rebel movement Farc Ep. The object of the research was to characterize this peace process in order to produce academic knowledge around itself, and learning from it since the peacebuilding perspective. It was made from the historical - sociological analysis methodological model. Researchers consulted relevant primary and secondary sources. The first sources, represented in 35 semi –structured interviews with academic experts, peace negotiators, not academic experts and builders of peace. Considering that peace negotiations are still ongoing, this article presents partial findings, represented in one of its essential characteristics: build an experience of «pacifist empowerment».

In the service of peace: 2005 Nobel Peace prize

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-01-01

Nobel Citation: The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2005 is to be shared, in two equal parts, between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its Director General, Mohamed ElBaradei, for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way. At a time when the threat of nuclear arms is again increasing, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wishes to underline that this threat must be met through the broadest possible international cooperation. This principle finds its clearest expression today in the work of the IAEA and its Director General. In the nuclear non-proliferation regime, it is the IAEA which controls that nuclear energy is not misused for military purposes, and the Director General has stood out as an unafraid advocate of new measures to strengthen that regime. At a time when disarmament efforts appear deadlocked, when there is a danger that nuclear arms will spread both to states and to terrorist groups, and when nuclear power again appears to be playing an increasingly significant role, IAEA's work is of incalculable importance. In his will, Alfred Nobel wrote that the Peace Prize should, among other criteria, be awarded to whoever had done most for the abolition or reduction of standing armies. In its application of this criterion in recent decades, the Norwegian Nobel Committee has concentrated on the struggle to diminish the significance of nuclear arms in international politics, with a view to their abolition. That the world has achieved little in this respect makes active opposition to nuclear arms all the more important today. The full Nobel Lecture of the Director General of the IAEA, Mr. Mohamed ElBaradei is given in this paper

Translating Biotechnology to Knowledge-Based Innovation, Peace, and Development? Deploy a Science Peace Corps—An Open Letter to World Leaders

Science.gov (United States)

Abou-Zeid, Alaa H.; Ağırbaşlı, Mehmet; Akintola, Simisola O.; Aynacıoğlu, Şükrü; Bayram, Mustafa; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Dandara, Collet; Dereli, Türkay; Dove, Edward S.; Elbeyli, Levent; Endrenyi, Laszlo; Erciyas, Kamile; Faris, Jack; Ferguson, Lynnette R.; Göğüş, Fahrettin; Güngör, Kıvanç; Gürsoy, Mervi; Gürsoy, Ulvi K.; Karaömerlioğlu, M. Asım; Kickbusch, Ilona; Kılıç, Türker; Kılınç, Metin; Kocagöz, Tanıl; Lin, Biaoyang; LLerena, Adrián; Manolopoulos, Vangelis G.; Nair, Bipin; Özkan, Bülent; Pang, Tikki; Şardaş, Semra; Srivastava, Sanjeeva; Toraman, Cengiz; Üstün, Kemal; Warnich, Louise; Wonkam, Ambroise; Yakıcıer, Mustafa Cengiz; Yaşar, Ümit

2014-01-01

Abstract Scholarship knows no geographical boundaries. This science diplomacy and biotechnology journalism article introduces an original concept and policy petition to innovate the global translational science, a Science Peace Corps. Service at the new Corps could entail volunteer work for a minimum of 6 weeks, and up to a maximum of 2 years, for translational research in any region of the world to build capacity manifestly for development and peace, instead of the narrow bench-to-bedside model of life science translation. Topics for translational research are envisioned to include all fields of life sciences and medicine, as long as they are linked to potential or concrete endpoints in development, foreign policy, conflict management, post-crisis capacity building, and/or peace scholarship domains. As a new instrument in the global science and technology governance toolbox, a Science Peace Corps could work effectively, for example, towards elucidating the emerging concept of “one health”—encompassing human, environmental, plant, microbial, ecosystem, and planet health—thus serving as an innovative crosscutting pillar of 21st century integrative biology. An interdisciplinary program of this caliber for development would link 21st century life sciences to foreign policy and peace, in ways that can benefit many nations despite their ideological differences. We note that a Science Peace Corps is timely. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations released the Fifth Assessment Report on March 31, 2014. Worrisomely, the report underscores that no person or nation will remain untouched by the climate change, highlighting the shared pressing life sciences challenges for global society. To this end, we recall that President John F. Kennedy advocated for volunteer work that has enduring, transgenerational, and global impacts. This culminated in establishment of the Peace Corps in 1961. Earlier, President Abraham Lincoln aptly observed

Toward a Critical Peace Education for Sustainability

Science.gov (United States)

Brantmeier, Edward J.

2013-01-01

This article proposes the need for peace education as a field to embrace critical power analysis of place in efforts toward social and environmental sustainability. Rather than status quo reproduction, a critical peace education for sustainability should both elucidate and transform the power dynamics inherent in structural violence and cultural…

''Brexit means Brexit''. Also a British withdrawal of the EURATOM treaty?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldmann, Ulrike

2016-01-01

In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9 % of the British voters decided to leave the EU. The question did not include explicitly the exit from the EURATOM Treaty (EAV). Since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty the Euratom Community is a supranational organisation of the new EU. This raises the question whether the exit of Britain from the EU also means an exit from the Euratom treaty.

δ13C chemostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Ordovician succession in the Tartu-453 drillcore, southern Estonia, and the significance of the HICE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heikki Bauert

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The δ13C isotope data from the Tartu-453 core section in southern Estonia enabled creation of a continuous Ordovician carbon isotope record, ranging from the Floian to the end of the Hirnantian. Five positive δ13C excursions and one negative δ13C excursion were recognized. Most of the positive excursions correspond to those defined on the Baltoscandian carbon isotope chemostratigraphic scheme, except for the Paroveja and Rakvere ICEs which are not well expressed in the Tartu-453 curve. Besides the positive δ13C excursions, a distinctive negative δ13C excursion, the Lower Sandbian NICE, was recorded in the Tartu-453 succession. The well-expressed HICE extends about 10 m higher than the traditional Ordovician–Silurian boundary (between the Porkuni and Juuru regional stages into the Juuru Regional Stage, suggesting that the Ordovician–Silurian boundary is positioned significally higher than traditionally suggested for the East Baltic area.

Peace and power: a theory of emancipatory group process.

Science.gov (United States)

Chinn, Peggy L; Falk-Rafael, Adeline

2015-01-01

To present the theoretical basis for the group process known as "Peace and Power." A dialectic between two dominant forms of power-peace powers and power-over powers-forms the basis for a synthesis that yields an emancipatory group process characterized by praxis, empowerment, awareness, cooperation, and evolvement for individuals and groups. Critical analysis of prevailing competitive group dynamics and the ideals of cooperative group dynamics was conducted to project the potential for achieving group interactions that yield profound changes in the direction of justice, empowerment, and well-being for all. The theoretical framework of "Peace and Power" is consistent with characteristics of emancipatory integrity that are vital for social change. The processes of "Peace and Power" can be used to create peaceful, cooperative interactions among nurses, with other health professionals, with patients and families, and in communities. © 2014 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Play, a mechanism for developing peaceful behaviour among elementary school pupils for sustainable peace in Cross River State, Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita A. Ndifon

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This research work was aimed at investigating play, as a mechanism for developing peaceful behaviour among elementary school pupils for sustainable peace in Cross River State, Nigeria. In order to determine this, Ex-post facto research design was used. Some determinants of play such as; playing age preference of pupils, gender differences and willingness to play with opposite sex and pupils’ home background were identified as variables for the study. The population of the study was 26,363. A total of 200 primary six pupils formed the sample for the study through which the data were obtained, using purposive sampling technique. The instruments were faced validated and reliability ascertained. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Movement Correlation Analysis (PPMCA and Independent T-test at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed a significant relationship between playing age preference of pupils and their home background, between boys and girls exist no significant difference in their willingness to play with opposite sex.. The implication is that when pupils play together they develop peaceful behavior which will help the interact freely in their adult life leading to sustainable peace wherever they find themselves. Also, when pupils are allowed to play with their peers at home, they learn to tolerate others and develop peaceful behaviours. It was therefore recommended that Children should be allowed to play with their age mates and also with the ones of the same sex and opposite sex as this will help them to interact freely and also develop the social relationship that will bring about peaceful co-existence.

IAEA Director General welcomes Cuba's intention to join the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-01-01

Full text: IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei welcomed Cuba's announcement to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and to ratify the Treaty of Tlatelolco establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean. He expressed the hope that Cuba will conclude soon a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the Agency, as required under Article III of the NPT. 'With Cuba's intention to become party to the NPT, we have come a step closer to a universal nuclear non-proliferation regime,' Mr. ElBaradei said. Only three countries worldwide with significant nuclear activities now remain outside the NPT. With 188 countries party to the Treaty, the NPT is the most adhered to international agreement after the United Nations Charter and the most widely adhered to multilateral arms control treaty. The NPT makes it mandatory that all non-nuclear-weapon States conclude comprehensive safeguards agreements with the IAEA, and thus put all of their nuclear material under IAEA safeguards. The Director General also welcomed Cuba's ratification of the Tlatelolco Treaty, which completes the process of having all countries in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean as members of the nuclear-weapon-free zone in that region. Mr. ElBaradei said that, 'the Tlatelolco Treaty provides a good model for other regional nuclear-weapon-free zones to follow'. He added that 'universal adherence of all countries in regions having nuclear-weapon-free zone arrangements is important to further strengthen the non-proliferation regime'. (IAEA)

Open Skies and monitoring a fissile materials cut-off treaty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allentuck, J.; Lemley, J.R.

1995-01-01

The Treaty on Open Skies (Open Skies) is intended among other things to provide, in the words of its preamble, means ''to facilitate the monitoring of compliance with existing or future arms control agreements.'' Open Skies permits overflights of the territory of member states by aircraft equipped with an array of sensors of various types. Their types and capabilities are treaty-limited. To find useful application in monitoring a cut-off treaty Open Skies would need to be amended. The number of signatories would need to be expanded so as to provide greater geographical coverage, and restrictions on sensor-array capabilities would need to be relaxed. To facilitate the detection of impending violations of a cut-off convention by Open Skies overflights, the data base provided by parties to the former should include among other things an enumeration of existing and former fuel cycle and research facilities including those converted to other uses, their precise geographic location, and a site plan

Treaties against nuclear terrorism. The global legal framework can make a difference

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, L.D.

2002-01-01

Two international treaties, one being drafted and the other already on the books, specifically address nuclear terrorism. The first Treaty known as the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material was adopted in 1980 under auspices of the IAEA. The second Treaty for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism is being drafted as part of the UN global campaign against terrorism. Both could require that specific measures be taken worldwide to protect and secure nuclear facilities from terrorist attack and sabotage. But neither one does. Efforts to include such requirements, before the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, have not borne fruit. Now, in the wake of lessons learned, is the time to revive and support them

A course in Peace Journalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jake Lynch

2007-04-01

Full Text Available This article sets out a reasoned and annotated plan for a short course in Peace Journalism, suitable for teaching to students of Journalism, Communications, Media and Peace and Conflict Studies. It is based on courses the author has taught, over many years, and the aim of the article is to help teachers to devise their own courses. The best way to help students to begin thinking about issues in the representation of conflicts, the article argues, is to give them a flavour of it, by showing them different ways in which the same story can be told. The article gives story-boards and scripts for two television news treatments of the same event, a bombing in the Philippines. The first is an example of War Journalism, it is argued; the second, Peace Journalism. The article suggests ways to develop a course from this illustrative starting point, to ask why the distinctions between these two approaches should be considered important - both in their own terms, and in terms of their potential influence on the course of events in conflict. Different approaches to conceptualising and measuring this possible influence are discussed, with suggestions for further exploration. The article recounts some of the author's experiences in introducing and discussing what is, inevitably sometimes, difficult and sensitive material, with groups including participants from conflict-affected countries - Palestine, Israel and the Philippines. Not all students will be aspiring journalists. The article offers brief notes on practical Peace Journalism, as well as showing how learning outcomes can be formulated to allow the same issues to be tackled in the form of a civil society campaign, or as a peace-building intervention in conflict. The article also explains how students can be equipped to question elements of journalistic practice which they may take for granted, and which pass unexamined in many current journalism courses. That, in turn, entails examining the emergence

Situating peace journalism in journalism studies: A critical appraisal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Hanitzsch

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Most wars were not brought to our attention if there were no journalists to report on them and no news media to send reporters to conflict spots. At the same time, the media often give priority to conflict and war at the expense of playing a positive role in attempts to bring about peace. The concept of peace journalism is, therefore, seen as an alternative model to traditional ways of war reporting. This article argues, however, that the idea of peace journalism comes as old wine in new bottles. Although carrying a noble goal, it ignores the manifold nuances in the media and tends to highlight the exceptional, spectacular and negative of war coverage. The idea of peace journalism tends to overestimate the influence journalists and the media have on political decisions; and it often understands audiences in terms of a passive mass that needs to be enlightened by virtue of peace reporting. In addition to this, peace journalism is, to a considerable extent, based on an overly individualistic perspective and ignores the many structural constraints that shape and limit the work of journalists: few personnel, time and material resources; editorial procedures and hierarchies; textual constraints; availability of sources; access to the scene and information in general - just to name a few. All this suggests that the conduct of peace journalism is not a matter of individual leeway, and media structures and professional routines cannot be modified from the position of the individual journalist. Modern corporate journalism involves processes of organized news production, thus giving priority to organizational and institutional factors as well as processes of professional socialization. To have any impact on the way the news is made, and its critical scrutiny, the advocates of peace journalism must address the structural constraints of news production. The discussion of peace journalism, and particularly of its practical implications, must be tied to the

Contributions of developmental psychology to peace education

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oppenheimer, L.; Salomon, G.; Cairns, E.

2010-01-01

According to Resolution A/52/243 of the UN General Assembly (United Nations, 1998), "The purposes and principles of the United Nations . . . has been a major act towards transformation from a culture of war and violence to a culture of peace and non-violence" (p. 1). A culture of peace is then said

Pedagogy of Peace and Philosophy of War: the Search for Truth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serhiy Klepko

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Peace pedagogy (German: Friedenspedagogik and the Peace education are identified as relevant educational paradigm and set of educational projects aimed at solving problems of teaching non-violence and the capacity for peace in the context of the democratic movement for peace. There is a set of reasons to state that the education system of the world depends not only on technological trends and mastering the sum of strategies of war and peace but, first of all, on what extends the whole education is true for its subjects and able to provide research on the ultimate question of social and personal life, including eternal mankind’s dream for peace. This paper describes methodological role for pedagogy of peace of geophilosophy as a concept to solve socio-economic conflicts in the dimensions of truth and earthly life in which modern geophilosophical research carried out to find a man’s place in the world and territory for him

Life, Writing, and Peace: Reading Maxine Hong Kingston's The Fifth Book of Peace

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Te-Hsing Shan

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Unlike her former award-winning and critically acclaimed works, Maxine Hong Kingston's The Fifth Book of Peace has received little attention. This is an unthinkable phenomenon for a writer who has been hailed as one of the most widely taught authors living in the United States. One of the main reasons is that critics and reviewers do not know how to cope with this complicated, heterogeneous, and "weird" text that defies easy categorization. Nor do they know how to respond to the ways the author urges her readers to squarely face collective American traumas and symptoms through writing (especially the Vietnam War. This paper attempts to approach this intriguing text from the perspective of life writing. Part I points out the undue neglect of this book, refutes some serious misunderstandings, and offers "life writing" as a critical approach. Part II places this book in the context of Kingston's career and life trajectory in order to show that "peace" has always been her major concern. Part III argues that, whereas the 1991 Berkeley-Oakland fire destroyed the manuscript of her "Fourth Book of Peace" along with her house, this "baptism of fire" and its accompanying sense of devastation generated a special empathy, enabling her to better understand those who suffer, especially Vietnam War veterans. Part IV deals with both the subjects of writing trauma and trauma narrative and indicates how Kingston combines her writing expertise with the Buddhist mindfulness expounded by the Vietnamese monk Thich Nhat Hanh to lead the Veterans Writing Workshop. Finally, Part V stresses how Kingston and her writing community, by combining life, writing, and peace, tell their own stories and create new lives both personally and collectively.

Cosmopolitanism and Peace in Kant's Essay on "Perpetual Peace"

Science.gov (United States)

Huggler, Jorgen

2010-01-01

Immanuel Kant's essay on Perpetual Peace (1795/96) contains a rejection of the idea of a world government (earlier advocated by Kant himself). In connexion with a substantial argument for cosmopolitan rights based on the human body and its need for a space on the surface of the Earth, Kant presents the most rigorous philosophical formulation ever…

[Eda Kalmre. The human sausage factory : a study of post-war rumour in Tartu] / Véronique Vincent-Campion

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vincent-Campion, Véronique

2015-01-01

Arvustus: Kalmre, Eda. The human sausage factory : a study of post-war rumour in Tartu. Amsterdam ; New York : Rodopi, 2013. (On the boundary of two worlds : identity, freedom, and moral imagination in the Baltics, 1570-7121 ; 34)