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Sample records for tan efectivo como

  1. El criterio del pago efectivo a la luz del Derecho de la Unión Europea

    OpenAIRE

    Soler Roch, María Teresa

    2013-01-01

    Tomando como referencia el tema objeto de la sentencia del TJUE de 2 de abril de 2010 (asunto C-157/10, en el caso BBVA), el presente artículo reflexiona sobre el criterio del pago efectivo del impuesto en el Estado de la fuente —adoptado por la legislación española y en una mayoría de los Convenios de doble imposición— como exigencia para aplicar la deducción por doble imposición internacional en el Estado de residencia. Para ello, el artículo reflexiona sobre las cláusulas tax sparing como ...

  2. La multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños

    OpenAIRE

    Mosquera, Francisco Moreno

    2011-01-01

    Este artículo describe una Investigación pedagógica realizada en la Universidad del Chocó orientada a comprobar el grado de efectividad de la multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños. El problema a investigar se planteó en términos de los interrogantes: ¿qué tan efectivo es el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera a través de la tecnología?, ¿qué tanto pueden aprender los niños chocoanos por sí solos el vocabulario del inglés po...

  3. La multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños

    OpenAIRE

    Francisco Moreno Mosquera

    2011-01-01

    Este artículo describe una Investigación pedagógica realizada en la Universidad del Chocó orientada a comprobar el grado de efectividad de la multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños. El problema a investigarse planteó en términos de los interrogantes: ¿qué tan efectivo es el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera a través de la tecnología?, ¿qué tanto pueden aprender los niños chocoanos por sí solos el vocabulario del inglés por...

  4. Maniobras estratégicas: combinando lo razonable y lo efectivo en el discurso argumentativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frans H. van Eemeren

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Después de explicar su concepción de la argumentación como tema para teorizar, Frans H. van Eemeren presenta un esbozo del programa de investigación del acercamiento pragma-dialéctico a la argumentación, introduciendo los principales componentes de la teoría de la argumentación que resultan del desarrollo de este programa. Posteriormente se centra en el problema fundamental que confrontan los teóricos de la argumentación al buscar distinguir entre los movimientos argumentativos razonables y los falaces. Al respecto, presenta el tratamiento pragma-dialéctico de las falacias como una alternativa constructiva a las severas críticas dirigidas al tratamiento estándar lógico. En la perspectiva pragma-dialéctica, las falacias se consideran violaciones de las reglas para conducir una discusión crítica orientada a resolver una diferencia de opinión de fondo, lo que está en juego en el discurso argumentativo. Van Eemeren introduce la noción de maniobra estratégica para explicar el poder persuasivo de las falacias, a pesar de tratarse de argumentaciones que van en contra de lo razonable. La noción de maniobra estratégica captura el predicamento inherente a todo movimiento argumentativo de reconciliar, a la vez, la búsqueda de resultados efectivos con la necesidad de respetar parámetros razonables. Las falacias son descarrilamientos de las maniobras estratégicas que violan una o más reglas de la discusión crítica. A través de la distinción entre un argumento de autoridad razonable y el argumentum ad verecundiam (que corresponde con una falacia van Eemeren concluye su ensayo explicando, con este ejemplo, por qué los descarrilamientos de las maniobras estratégicas pueden, en la práctica, pasar tan fácilmente inadvertidos, lo que ayuda a que las falacias no sean detectadas.

  5. Multiplicador monetario y dinero electrónico. Creación de dinero a partir de depósitos y efectivo electrónico

    OpenAIRE

    Ricardo Plaza Martínez

    2014-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se analiza, por medio del multiplicador monetario, el hipotético papel que pueda llegar a tener el dinero electrónico en el conjunto de la oferta monetaria. Suponiendo una sustitución o compra de efectivo tradicional o depósitos a la vista por dinero electrónico, y distinguiendo 2 tipos de dinero electrónico —depósitos de dinero electrónico y efectivo electrónico—, así como tomando en cuenta diferentes formas de emisión en relación con la exigencia de distintos coeficie...

  6. La inteligencia emocional, según Daniel Goleman y, el liderazgo transformador, según Bernard Bass, como elementos clave en la formación y desarrollo de equipos efectivos en la fuerza comercial de microfinanzas CREDI FE Zona Quito

    OpenAIRE

    Pozo Ayala, María Fernanda

    2013-01-01

    El desarrollo de la presente tesis busca la comprensión del aporte que brindan los conceptos: inteligencia emocional y liderazgo transformador en la formación y desarrollo de equipos efectivos de trabajo. Ambos elementos son relevantes para lograr una buena gestión de trabajo individual y de equipo, que favorezca la eficiencia organizacional y las relaciones interpersonales. Desde la perspectiva laboral, tanto el liderazgo transformador como la inteligencia emocional generan...

  7. Ketotifeno: un antialérgico efectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Coronel Carbajal

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available El ketotifeno es un medicamento ampliamente usado en el tratamiento de las enfermedades alérgicas, pero con discrepancias respecto a su efectividad. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en una muestra de 87 pacientes en las edades comprendidas entre 6 meses y 15 años, en el Hospital General Docente «Armando Enrique Cardoso» en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 1998 y enero del 2000. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad del ketotifeno en el tratamiento de las enfermedades alérgicas, así como reconocer sus principales efectos colaterales y el tiempo en aparecer la mejoría clínica. Los resultados obtenidos al aplicar un formulario se presentan en 5 tablas y se expresan en tanto por cientos. Se llegaron a las siguientes conclusiones: el ketotifeno resultó efectivo en el 72,6 % de los pacientes, en el 71,3 %, este medicamento fue efectivo en la prevención de las exacerbaciones de asma bronquial, sólo el 25,2 % manifestó algún efecto adverso y el tiempo promedio en notar el control fue entre 4 y 8 semanas en el 58,7 % de los pacientes.Ketotifen is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases, but there are discrepancies in relation to its effectiveness. A descriptive study of a sample of 87 patients between 6 months old and and 15 years old was conducted at "Armando Enrique Cardoso" General Teaching Hospital from November, 1998, to January, 2000, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of ketotifen in the treatment of allergic diseases as well as to recognize its main side effects and the moment when the clinical improvement begins. The results obtained after applying a formulary are shown in 5 tables and are expressed in percentage. The following conclusions were reached: ketotifen proved to be effective in 72.6 % of the patients, this drug was effective in the prevention of aggravations of bronchial asthma in 71.3 %, only 25.2 % suffered from some adverse effect and the average time to control the disease was

  8. La multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Moreno Mosquera

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe una Investigación pedagógica realizada en la Universidad del Chocó orientada a comprobar el grado de efectividad de la multimedia como herramienta para el aprendizaje autónomo del vocabulario del inglés por parte de los niños. El problema a investigarse planteó en términos de los interrogantes: ¿qué tan efectivo es el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera a través de la tecnología?, ¿qué tanto pueden aprender los niños chocoanos por sí solos el vocabulario del inglés por medio de la multimedia? Los hallazgos encontrados confirman varias hipótesis sobre el aprendizaje del vocabulario y la pronunciación y permiten concluir que la multimedia es eficaz como herramienta didáctica para el aprendizaje autónomo de la lengua extranjera.

  9. Cálculo de desplazamientos en placas de vidrio laminado sometidas a carga estática mediante el concepto de módulo de elasticidad efectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ismael García García

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, el uso de vidrio laminado como elemento estructural se ha incrementado considerablemente en construcciones arquitectónicas, sobre todo en fachadas, cubiertas, escaleras o ventanas de seguridad. El cálculo de estos elementos tipo sándwich no es sencillo debido a la combinación de las propiedades mecánicas del vidrio (elástico-lineales con las del polímero interior (viscoelástico-lineales. Recientemente, algunos autores han propuesto el concepto de espesor efectivo para el cálculo simplificado de elementos de vidrio laminado bajo carga estática, utilizando un modelo monolítico con una rigidez equivalente igual a la del elemento laminado. Debido a la variación de propiedades del laminado con la temperatura, introducidas por el polímero viscoelástico, para cada cambio de temperatura se tiene un espesor efectivo diferente, lo que conlleva un mayor número de evaluaciones para cada una de las situaciones de trabajo del elemento laminado. En este trabajo se propone el concepto de módulo de elasticidad efectivo como una alternativa más eficiente para el cálculo con modelos de elementos finitos. La metodología propuesta se valida mediante ensayos experimentales realizados en placas de vidrio laminado sometidas a una carga uniformemente distribuida.

  10. Profilaxis para sangrado por ulceras de estrés en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.M. Avendaño-Reyes

    2014-01-01

    Conclusiones: La hospitalización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos por sí sola no justifica la profilaxis. Los IBP son por lo menos tan efectivos como los H2RA. Debemos individualizar el tratamiento de cada paciente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, determinando el riesgo y evaluando la necesidad de comenzar la profilaxis.

  11. Magazine exposure, tanned women stereotypes, and tanning attitudes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cho, Hyunyi; Lee, Seungyoon; Wilson, Kari

    2010-09-01

    This study investigated whether magazine exposure is related to stereotypical beliefs about tanned women. A survey of White college women (n=205) assessed their exposure to beauty/fashion and health/fitness magazines. Outcome variables were the beliefs that tanned women are fashionable, fit, and shallow. Attention to the tanned women's images in health magazines positively predicted the belief that tanned women are fit and that tanned women are shallow; in contrast, attention to the images in beauty magazine negatively predicted the belief that tanned women are fit. Number of beauty magazines women read negatively predicted the belief that tanned women are shallow. The belief that tanned women are fit was unrelated, but the belief that tanned women are shallow was negatively related, with tanning attitudes. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Identificando los limitantes de generación de efectivo: bases para una metodología de mejora continua

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rivera, Igor

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Inside organisations we always find constraints which the cash generation process a long and tortuous path. Our aim in this article is to offer a theoretical review of these constraints, from the process of transformation through to value added. This review takes a different point of view from classical management, focusing on small and medium-sized already established manufacturing organisations. Finally, the article mentions guidelines, with regards to cash generation, which propose continuous improvement: retrospective analysis and identifying the critical process; Defining key parameters and strategic piloting; Identifying the main element which limits cash generation within the critical process; Defining an action plan to reduce, control or eliminate the constraints on generation. Establishing the previous steps as a continuous cycle.Dentro de las organizaciones encontramos limitantes que hacen del proceso de generación de efectivo un largo y penoso camino. Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es hacer una revisión teórica sobre los limitantes de generación de efectivo (LGE, desde el proceso de transformación hasta el valor añadido. Esta revisión establece un punto de vista diferente a aquella establecida por la teoría clásica del management y está enfocada a las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes de manufactura que no sean de reciente creación. Finalmente, el escrito menciona pautas para proponer una mejora continua, con respecto a la generación de efectivo: El análisis retrospectivo y la identificación del proceso crítico; La definición de parámetros clave y el pilotaje estratégico; La identificación dentro del proceso crítico del principal elemento que limita la generación de efectivo; La definición de un plan de acción para poder reducir, controlar o eliminar el limitante de generación. El establecer los pasos anteriores como un ciclo continuo.

  13. Fomentando la innovación de producto en las empresas nuevas: ¿Qué instrumentos públicos son más efectivos?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Antolín-López

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de la importancia atribuida a la innovación y al emprendimiento como factores clave para promover el desarrollo socioeconómico de los países, existe un gran desconocimiento sobre qué instrumentos públicos de innovación son más efectivos para las empresas nuevas. Este estudio analiza las características de las empresas nuevas y cómo los principales instrumentos públicos de innovación responden a ellas. Dichas relaciones se analizan empíricamente en una muestra de 438 empresas nuevas europeas. Los resultados muestran que los préstamos para la financiación de proyectos de innovación, ayudas para la creación de redes, para la provisión de información y para la asistencia a ferias tienen un efecto positivo en la innovación de producto. Sin embargo, instrumentos públicos más tradicionales como son las subvenciones y las reducciones de impuestos no parecen ser efectivos. Este estudio tiene importantes implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para el diseño más eficaz y eficiente de políticas públicas de innovación para las empresas nuevas.

  14. Tanning

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... exposes you to UV rays and damages your skin. Tanning beds use UVA light, so they expose you ... But a "base tan" causes damage to your skin and will not prevent you from getting sunburn when you go outside. Indoor tanning is particularly dangerous for younger people. You have ...

  15. Indoor Tanning

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... proof that indoor tanning is safer than tanning outdoors. Indoor tanning systems give concentrated UV exposure regardless ... For example, it’s essential for promoting good bone health. While UV ... a tan to get that benefit. According to the Surgeon General, fair and light- ...

  16. LAS TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISIS REGIONAL: UNA MIRADA METODOLÓGICA COMO PUNTO DE PARTIDA PARA EL EMPRENDIMIENTO DE PROCESOS DE PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL EFECTIVOS. EL CASO DE CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Ramos Hernández

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available La planificación ha pasado a ocupar en las últimas décadas un lugar primordial en las agendas nacionales debido a la necesidad de influir en el curso tendencial de los sucesos. Especial importancia se otorga también a la dimensión territorial de la planificación. Cualquier decisión de trascendencia en el territorio, deberá concebirse de forma planificada partiendo en primer lugar de un conocimiento profundo de la situación de partida. En este sentido, las técnicas de análisis regional, también conocidas por sus siglas TAR, constituyen una herramienta clave en el proceso de toma de decisiones a estos niveles. Motivados por la posibilidad de dotar al actual sistema de planificación territorial en Cuba de un set de técnicas que facilite la creación de las bases teórico-metodológicas y prácticas para el trabajo desde y con los territorios, la investigación se propone determinar los indicadores que dentro de las TAR proveen de información clave a los decisores de política como punto de partida para el emprendimiento de procesos de planificación territorial efectivos, tanto en los niveles locales como nacionales.

  17. Seguridad para protocolos MAC cooperativos en redes de sensores inalámbricas

    OpenAIRE

    Casabona Gómez, Daniel; Leiva Martín, Daniel

    2009-01-01

    Las redes de sensores inalámbricas han emergido como la tecnología que nos permite optimizar aplicaciones tan importantes como el control de la contaminación, el regadio eficiente, efectivo o la monitorización continua de señales vitales del paciente y muchas más aplicaciones. Los protocolos basados en cooperación entre nodos permiten reducir la energía consumida por los nodos sensores y, por tanto, alargar la vida útil de los mismos. Por sus características especiales, las redes de sensores ...

  18. ¿La ‘soberanía de la tierra’ como alternativa? Hacia un contracercamiento de los pueblos

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    S.M. Borras jr. (Saturnino); J.C. Franco (Jennifer)

    2012-01-01

    textabstract1. La soberanía de la tierra se refiere al derecho que tienen los pueblos trabajadores al acceso efectivo a la tierra, al uso de ella y a su control, así como a los beneficios de su uso y ocupación, entendiendo la tierra como un recurso, como territorio y como paisaje. 2. La soberanía

  19. Reconstrucción del enfoque del aumento y generación del efectivo para la Pyme de manufactura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Rivera González

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo parte de la hipótesis de que el aumento continuo del efectivo es el objetivo principal dentro de las pequeñas y medianas empresas privadas de manufactura3. Nuestra finalidad es realizar una propuesta teórica acerca de cómo definir la paramétrica referida al aumento del efectivo en un periodo a través del análisis de la forma en que se genera el efectivo dentro de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pyme de trasformación; para ello, se resalta la importancia de tres elementos clave que intervienen en la generación del efectivo: a el proceso de transformación, b la optimización del flujo de materiales y de información y c la creación de valor.

  20. Del impuesto sobre beneficios devengado al pagado: una valoración del cálculo del tipo impositivo efectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julián Martínez Vargas

    2015-01-01

    Teniendo en cuenta esta circunstancia y que ya disponemos de información adaptada a la normativa internacional de varios ejercicios, proponemos una nueva metodología que trate de impulsar y profundizar en la realización de trabajos basados en la obtención de un tipo impositivo efectivo «fiscal» en nuestro país, que nos permita hacer comparaciones más precisas de la presión fiscal corriente de las sociedades, atendiendo a factores tales como el tamaño, el sector, la localización geográfica, la estructura económica y financiera, etc.

  1. Economía Subterránea en Colombia 1976-2003: Una medición a partir de la Demanda de Efectivo

    OpenAIRE

    Carlos Arango A.; Martha Misas; Enrique López

    2005-01-01

    La economía subterránea (ES), definida ampliamente como aquella asociada con actividades al margen del código legal de un país, es de particular relevancia en Colombia debido al alcance que tiene la economía del narcotráfico y la economía informal evasora de la legislación fiscal y laboral. Esto es particularmente relevante no solo para el Banco Central, pues la ES tiene una ingerencia directa en la demanda de efectivo, sino también por sus implicaciones fiscales e institucionales. En este tr...

  2. Ciclo de convesrión de efectivo en las grandes empresas de comercio al detal en Colombia (1998-2002

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Moreno Meza

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo estudia las magnitudes y las implicaciones financieras del ciclo de conversión de efectivo (CCE, concepto desarrollado por Richards y Laughlin (1980 para integrar tres indicadores fundamentales del capital de trabajo y de la gestión del circulante en la empresa comercial, como son los días de inventario, los días de cartera y los días de crédito de proveedores. Estimado a partir de los estados financieros de una muestra de cinco grandes empresas del comercio minorista en Colombia (Almacenes Éxito-Cadenalco, Carulla- Vivero, Supertiendas y Droguerías Olímpica, Cacharrería La 14 y Carrefour, las cifras del CCE correspondientes al período 1998-2002 revelan la importancia del apalancamiento financiero basado en la cuenta de proveedores, así como sus implicaciones para el capital de trabajo y el equilibrio financiero de estas cadenas comerciales.

  3. Perceptions of tanning risk among melanoma patients with a history of indoor tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nergard-Martin, Jennifer; Caldwell, Chauncey; Barr, Morgan; Dellavalle, Robert P; Solomon, James A

    2018-01-01

    A new US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation classified tanning beds as class II, requiring indoor tanning facilities to inform users of the risk of skin cancer in efforts to reverse the growing trend in indoor tanning. However, little is known from the patient's perspective on whether knowledge of the risk of skin cancer development is a deterrent to indoor tanning. There also is conflicting literature regarding the relationship among frequency of indoor tanning, age at onset of melanoma diagnosis, and characteristics of diagnosis in melanoma patients with a history of indoor tanning. An international survey was conducted in patients 18 years and older who self-reported being diagnosed with melanoma after indoor tanning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patients' perspective on indoor-tanning behaviors as associated with the severity of their melanomas and the time frame in which they were diagnosed as well as their perceived views on the safety of indoor tanning and the frequency in which they continue to tan indoors.

  4. Tanning (For Teens)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... to think about when it comes to your skin and sun exposure. How Tanning Happens The sun's rays contain two types of ... that he or she is also protected against skin cancer and other problems. Tanning Downsides UVA rays may make you tan, but ...

  5. ¿SON EFECTIVOS LOS CONSEJOS DE ADMINISTRACIÓN? LA EFICACIA DEL CONSEJO Y LOS RESULTADOS DE LA EMPRESA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barroso Castro, C.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Numerosos trabajos han estudiado la influencia del consejo de administración en las decisiones y resultados de sus empresas. No obstante, la enorme popularidad alcanzada en el campo del gobierno corporativo por estos estudios, no viene acompañada por sus resultados, que han sido ambiguos y, a veces, conflictivos En esta investigación proponemos que la efectividad de los consejos depende de las experiencias y conocimientos de los consejeros que lo conforman, así como de la estructura de estos consejos. Entendemos que ambas dimensiones (composición y estructura no son “por si” suficientes para el logro de consejos plenamente efectivos, pero si se definen como elementos necesarios para ello. Desde nuestra perspectiva, constituyen el potencial que permitirá lograr una adecuada capacidad estratégica por parte del consejo. Nuestros resultados muestran la importancia de las variables que conforman la estructura y composición del consejo (tamaño del consejo, permanencia, experiencia de los consejeros a la hora de explicar los resultados empresariales.

  6. El gobierno de la seguridad de la información como instrumento de gestión

    OpenAIRE

    Alfredo Reyes; Gabriela Maderni; Grabiela Silva

    2011-01-01

    La seguridad de la información no se concibe sin un sistema de gestión y un gobierno efectivo. Este gobierno no debe presentarse meramente desde una perspectiva teórica, sino desde el punto de vista de su implementación. Será fundamental que un gerente de seguridad de la información incorpore los amplios conocimientos para un gobierno de la seguridad efectivo, así como los elementos y las acciones necesarias para desarrollar una estrategia de seguridad de la información y un plan de acción pa...

  7. Indoor tanning promotions on social media in six US cities #UVTanning #tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ricklefs, Christine A; Asdigian, Nancy L; Kalra, Heidi L; Mayer, Joni A; Dellavalle, Robert P; Holman, Dawn M; Crane, Lori A

    2016-06-01

    There is no research investigating indoor tanning advertising on social media. We assessed the use of social media to promote indoor tanning. We subscribed to social media platforms in six US cities and content-analyzed promotional messages received. We captured 662 messages on Twitter and Facebook, through salon emails, and in daily deal coupons. Salon postings were most frequent on Twitter and Facebook, with an average of 2-3 postings per week. National chains posted more frequently than local businesses. Forty percent of messages were devoid of tanning content and included photos, jokes, or popular references. Thirty percent mentioned price reductions, and 28 % referenced an upcoming holiday. Sunless tanning (17 %) was promoted more often than ultraviolet tanning (9 %). Tanning salons actively use social media as a strategy for maintaining relationships with customers and offer pricing deals that promote loyalty and high-frequency tanning.

  8. El mito de pristinidad y los usos efectivos del territorio de la región de Magallanes, Patagonia Chilena: Forestal, minería y acuicultura

    OpenAIRE

    Inostroza, Luis

    2015-01-01

    Los métodos de clasificación de usos del suelo en regiones remotas presentan dos serias limitaciones. La primera es la mixtura conceptual de usos con coberturas que no refleja el uso efectivo del territorio. Una segunda limitación es la ausencia de usos importantes como turismo, acuicultura y minería, que imponen importantes presiones sobre territorios frágiles. Este trabajo presenta un método para determinar los usos territoriales en la región de Magallanes en el extremo austral de Chile. Se...

  9. Tanning Salon Compliance Rates in States With Legislation to Protect Youth Access to UV Tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Williams, Melissa S; Buhalog, Brittany; Blumenthal, Laura; Stratman, Erik J

    2018-01-01

    The US Food and Drug Administration has classified tanning beds as carcinogenic. Most states have enacted legislation to prevent or create barriers for minors accessing tanning establishments. Determining tanning salon compliance with legislation would provide an indication of the influence of legislation at preventing exposure to the carcinogen in minors. To investigate compliance rates in the 42 states and the District of Columbia with legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors and to identify differences in compliance based on population, regional location, salon ownership, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted. This investigation was a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted between February 1, 2015, and April 30, 2016, by callers posing as minors attempting to schedule a tanning appointment. The setting was tanning salons in the 42 states and the District of Columbia that currently have legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors. Included in the study were 427 tanning salons, 10 randomly selected from each state or territory with tanning legislation. Overall compliance of tanning salons with state tanning legislation and differences in compliance based on community population, regional location, independent vs chain tanning salon, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted. Of the 427 tanning salons surveyed, overall noncompliance with state legislation was 37.2% (n = 159). There were more noncompliant tanning salons in rural locations (45.5%; 95% CI, 37.5%-53.7%; P = .009), southern regions of the United States (49.4%; 95% CI, 41.4%-57.4%; P = .001), independently owned salons (43.9%; 95% CI, 37.3%-50.6%; P = .003), states with younger age groups being regulated (53.5%; 95% CI, 45.7%-61.2%; P legislation aimed at limiting tanning bed use among US minors is unsatisfactory, indicating that additional efforts to enforce the laws and education of the harmful effects of UV tanning are

  10. Yi Tan

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Bulletin of Materials Science. Yi Tan. Articles written in Bulletin of Materials Science. Volume 38 Issue 5 September 2015 pp 1429-1433. Evaluation on electrical resistivity of silicon materials after electron beam melting · Hafiz Muhammad Noor Ul Huda Khan Asghar Shuang Shi Dachuan Jiang Yi Tan.

  11. jingjing tan

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Sadhana. JINGJING TAN. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 43 Issue 4 April 2018 pp 56. Swept blade influence on aerodynamic performance of steam turbine nozzle cascades · ZI-MING FENG JINGJING TAN XIAOLEI LIU CUI WEI · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. To improve the aerodynamic ...

  12. wenbo tan

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Journal of Genetics. WENBO TAN. Articles written in Journal of Genetics. Volume 97 Issue 1 March 2018 pp 145-155 RESEARCH ARTICLE. Oestrogen regulates the expression of cathepsin E-A-like gene through ERβ in liver of chicken ( Gallus gallus ) · HANG ZHENG HONG LI WENBO TAN CHUNLIN XU ...

  13. Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

    OpenAIRE

    Ochoa, Pilar; Villegas, Marina; Pons Rovira, José Luis; Fernández Lozano, José Francisco; Bengochea, M. A.

    2002-01-01

    [ES] Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se compr...

  14. La diferencia entre tiempo programado y efectivo en hemodiafiltración en línea: ¿Cada minuto cuenta en la eficacia dialítica?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Vanessa Fernández Martínez

    ,71 minutos. El Kt aumenta significativamente (p<0,001 un 3,2% (desde 60,06±5,86 hasta 61,99±5,80 litros, disminuyendo el % de sesiones en las que no se alcanza el Kt deseado por superficie corporal (de 5,7% a 3,1%. El volumen total de reinfusión se incrementa significativamente (p<0,001 un 1,5% (de 24,10±2,72 a 24,46±2,77 litros, con un % similar de sesiones donde no se alcanzan los 20 litros objetivo (4,6% versus 4,3%. No se observan complicaciones intradialíticas en el periodo de tiempo incrementado ni episodios de coagulación. Discusión y conclusiones: Tanto Kt como volumen total de reinfusión son los principales indicadores reconocidos para medir la adecuación de la diálisis en la hemodiafiltración on-line. El Kt ha sido referido por algunos autores como un indicador de dosis de diálisis más exigente que el Kt/V. El tiempo efectivo de la sesión es un factor clave para la consecución del Kt óptimo ajustado a superficie corporal y objetivos de volumen total de reinfusión en el paciente en hemodiafiltración on-line posdilucional, con importantes implicaciones en la mortalidad. En el tratamiento con hemodiafiltración on-line posdilucional todos los minutos son importantes. Se debe considerar el incremento del tiempo programado (aproximadamente 7 minutos por sesión para conseguir que el tiempo efectivo sea igual o superior a 720 minutos/semana, consiguiendo optimizar tanto la dosis de diálisis como el volumen de reinfusión.

  15. Empresas transnacionales y esclavitud moderna en la cadena de suministro textil: implementación de la debida diligencia en derechos humanos y sus efectos en el acceso a mecanismos de reparación judicial

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Peribañez, María Eugenia

    2017-01-01

    El trabajo forzado, la servidumbre por deudas, la explotación infantil y el tráfico de personas, prácticas todas ellas incluidas bajo el concepto de esclavitud moderna, tienen una alta prevalencia en la cadena textil, desde el cultivo del algodón hasta la confección de las prendas. Se trata de abusos tan graves que están considerados como crímenes internacionales en el ordenamiento jurídico internacional. Sin embargo, las víctimas no disponen de mecanismos efectivos para reclamar y ver resarc...

  16. Cooperación en la tarea de Aprendizaje

    OpenAIRE

    Delladio, Telma

    2001-01-01

    La cooperación en la tarea de aprendizaje puede proponerse como una herramienta útil a la hora de solucionar muchos de los problemas que esta actividad presenta. Afrontar una tarea tan compleja de manera cooperativa permitiría obtener resultados más efectivos. La capacidad de aprender cosas nuevas es una habilidad de las entidades inteligentes y por esto el aprendizaje es un tema de interés en Inteligencia Artificial. El área de Machine Learning se dedica al estudio e investigación de esto...

  17. La gestión de documentos como estrategia de innovación empresarial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arcángel Eduardo Sánchez

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la gestión de documentos como un proceso que permite apoyar y generar diferentes tipos de innovaciones en el sector empresarial. Para los efectos metodológicos, se fundamenta una investigación descriptiva documental, lo cual permite exponer de forma sucinta la génesis, definición, beneficios, y procesos de normalización de documentos. Se prevé que para favorecer la generación de innovaciones se requiere maximizar el valor de componentes como la información y el conocimiento, en conjunto con el recurso humano comprometido y el efectivo uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación. Como aspectos estratégicos, se afianza la gestión de conocimientos, como un factor necesario de insertar en la estrategia empresarial, responsable del control eficiente y sistemático desde la creación, recepción, mantenimiento, uso y eliminación de los documentos. Se recomienda hacer efectivo la operatividad de técnicas que permitan la captura y gestión de la información relacionada con las actividades y transacciones en forma de documentos ISO(2001, así como también establecer lineamientos y políticas que inciden directamente desde la producción del documento y su uso como recurso informativo, hasta la aplicación de sistemas tecnológicos que inciden en los tiempos para la recuperación de información, y a su vez se logre nuevas formas de trabajo en la gestión del recurso humano, lo cual ha de redundar, tanto en la organización como en la correcta operatividad de técnicas para la conservación de documentos de utilidad para esta.

  18. Review of interventions to reduce ultraviolet tanning: Need for treatments targeting excessive tanning, an emerging addictive behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stapleton, Jerod L; Hillhouse, Joel; Levonyan-Radloff, Kristine; Manne, Sharon L

    2017-12-01

    Millions of Americans engage in tanning each year, defined as intentional ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in the form of sunbathing or the use of indoor tanning beds. An emerging body of research suggests that UVR has addictive properties and some tanners engage in excessive tanning. This article provides an overview of the evidence of tanning addiction and a systematic review of existing tanning interventions with the goal of evaluating their potential to impact addicted tanners. Our search identified 24 intervention studies that were summarized and discussed according to 3 primary themes. First, there is a dearth of tanning interventions that target excessive tanning or are designed as treatments for tanning addiction. Second, tanning interventions are primarily educational interventions designed to increase knowledge of the risks of tanning. Third, there are notable aspects of existing tanning interventions that are relevant to addiction science, including the use of brief motivational and cognitive-behavioral-based interventions. Future directions are considered including recommendations for utilizing the existing evidence base to formulate interventions targeting excessive tanners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  19. Diminishing Chromium Use on Combined Chromium-Gambier Tanning Process Upon the Characteristics of Tanned Leather

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Kasim

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available The research was aimed to investigate the influence of minimizing chromium use on combined chromium-gambier process upon the characteristics of tanned leather. At the first stage of tanning process, chromium was used and in the second stage it was replaced by gambier. The raw material used was dried saline-preserved goat skin. The treatments applied on the tanning process were the different concentrations of chromium ranging from the highest level of 6% to the lowest level of 1% which was then re-tanned by using 8% concentration of gambier. The examination parameters included chemical and physical properties as well as visual investigation on the tanned leather in accordance with SNI-06-0463-1989-A. The result showed that the tanning process by using 2% chromium in the first step and 8% gambier in the second step was a treatment combination producing tanned leather that met the standard. The examination on tanned leather resulted from such treatment showed 56.33% rawhide, 17.45% of bound tannin, 31.22% of tanning level, tensile strength 386.30 kg/cm2, flexibility 31.91%, leather width 1.3 mm, density 0.75 g/cm3, the leather was quite elastic with light brownish color. In conclusion, minimizing the use of chromium in the combined tanning process of chromium and gambier can be implemented to the lowest of 2% chromium concentration and 8% gambier in the first and second step, respectively.

  20. BILL MUNDY THEORY, EFFECTIVE RAKE ANGLE CUTTING TOOLS IN COPPER ALLOYS TEORIA DE BILL MUNDY Y EL ANGULO EFECTIVO DE ATAQUE DE HERRAMIENTAS DE CORTE EN ALEACIONES DE COBRE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Miguel Godoy R

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Magazines like American Machinist and Manufacturing Engineering, have explained the Bill Mundy theory about the effective rake angle of cutting tools. These articles show the effective rake angle of cutting tools for carbon steel, steel , alloys, cast iron, aluminium and stainless steel. In the present work the theory is applied to cutting tools used in brass and bronze. The effective rake angle for these materials was obtained with the tensile stress test. The rake angles in the cutting tools were made in a Universal Grinding Machine Heiler. Finally, the power consumption was measured in a CNC Lathe. Tools with commercial rake angles from bibliography were compared with tools with the experimental effective rake angle obtained from the Bill Mundy Theory. The results show that the power consumption is about 10% lower for tools with the experimental effective rake angle.Revistas como American Machinist y Manufacturing Engineering, han explicado la Teoría de Bill Mundy y el ángulo efectivo de ataque en herramientas de corte utilizadas en aceros al carbono, aceros aleados, hierro fundido, aluminio y acero inoxidable. En este trabajo, esta teoría es aplicada a herramientas de corte usadas para latón y bronce y sus resultados son comparados con los ángulos de ataque recomendados por los fabricantes de herramientas de corte. El ángulo de ataque efectivo se obtiene del ensayo de tracción del material a ser mecanizado. Los ángulos de las herramientas fueron hechos en una máquina universal de afilar Heiler. El consumo de potencia fue medido en un torno CNC. El consumo de potencia con herramientas de corte comerciales con ángulos de corte recomendados por la bibliografía existente, fue comparado con las herramientas afiladas con el ángulo de corte efectivo obtenido a través de la teoría de Bill Mundy. Los resultados indican que el consumo de potencia es un 10% menor para las herramientas afiladas con el ángulo efectivo recomendado por la

  1. Is initiating tanning bed use as a minor associated with increased risky tanning behaviors and burning? An exploratory study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seidenberg, Andrew B; Noar, Seth M; Sontag, Jennah M

    2017-12-01

    Tanning bed use is most common among youth and young adults, and is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. Recently, numerous states have adopted restrictions on minors' access to tanning beds; however, little has been reported on how such policies may impact tanning behaviors and burning. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between age of indoor tanning initiation and risky tanning behaviors and burning. Female students (n=567) attending a large southeastern public university completed a questionnaire (spring of 2015) assessing tanning bed use history, including age of initiation. The analytic sample was limited to participants reporting past year indoor tanning (n=134). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the odds of risky tanning behaviors and burning among those initiating indoor tanning before and after their 18th birthday. Participants initiating indoor tanning as a minor had significantly (pstanning bed 10 or more times in the previous year, typically indoor tanning for ≥10min, ever indoor tanning without wearing goggles, and ever fallen asleep inside a tanning bed. Further, those that initiated as a minor had significantly greater odds of ever burning from indoor tanning (ptanning initiation as a minor was associated with several risky tanning behaviors and burning. Youth access restrictions may help reduce the harms caused by tanning beds. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  2. Watching reality television beauty shows is associated with tanning lamp use and outdoor tanning among college students.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fogel, Joshua; Krausz, Faye

    2013-05-01

    Ultraviolet radiation exposure through natural sunlight or tanning lamps is a risk factor for skin cancer. As the media can influence behavior, we studied whether watching reality television (TV) beauty shows is associated with tanning lamp use or outdoor tanning. College students (n = 576) were surveyed on their reality TV beauty show watching, their use of tanning lamps, and outdoor tanning behavior. We asked media attitude questions about connectivity with reality TV shows and Internet use of Facebook to discuss reality TV shows. Those who did versus did not watch reality TV beauty shows used tanning lamps (12.9% vs 3.7%, P < .001) and tanned outdoors (43.3% vs 28.7%, P < .001) at significantly greater percentages. Significant predictors of tanning lamp use included watching reality TV beauty shows (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-6.00), increasing age (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.32), and female sex (OR 10.16, 95% CI 3.29-31.41). Significant predictors of outdoor tanning included watching reality TV beauty shows (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.33-3.34). The specific names of the reality TV beauty shows watched were not obtained and therefore we cannot determine if particular shows were more or less associated with this behavior. Watching reality TV beauty shows is associated with both tanning lamp use and outdoor tanning. Dermatologists should consider discussing the potential harmful aspects of tanning beds and outdoor tanning, especially with their patients who watch reality TV beauty shows. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mays, Darren; Atkins, Michael B; Ahn, Jaeil; Tercyak, Kenneth P

    2017-11-01

    Background: There is mounting evidence that young people can develop a dependence on indoor tanning, but research on factors associated with indoor tanning dependence remains limited. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with indoor tanning dependence in a community sample of 389 non-Hispanic white young adult women ages 18 to 30 who had indoor tanned ≥1 time in the past year. Participants completed measures of indoor tanning dependence, including the modified CAGE and modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV psychiatric screening assessments, indoor tanning behavior and beliefs, and behavioral and psychiatric comorbidity. Results: Overall, 22.6% of the sample screened positive for indoor tanning dependence. In multivariable analyses, indoor tanning dependence was associated with younger age of indoor tanning initiation [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.79; P = 0.017], indoor tanning ≥20 times in the past year (aOR = 3.03; P = 0.015), stronger beliefs about the benefits of tanning (aOR = 2.15; P = 0.004), greater perceived susceptibility to indoor tanning risks (aOR = 2.72; P tanning dependence among young, non-Hispanic white women is associated with behaviors that increase the risk of skin cancer, beliefs favoring the perceived benefits of tanning, and comorbid risks such as stronger beliefs about physical appearance and depressed mood. Impact: Comprehensive skin cancer prevention efforts should address indoor tanning dependence among young women and its leading risk factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(11); 1636-43. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

  4. State Indoor Tanning Laws and Prevalence of Indoor Tanning Among US High School Students, 2009-2015.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qin, Jin; Holman, Dawn M; Jones, Sherry Everett; Berkowitz, Zahava; Guy, Gery P

    2018-07-01

    To examine the association between state indoor tanning laws and indoor tanning behavior using nationally representative samples of US high school students younger than 18 years. We combined data from the 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (n = 41 313) to analyze the association between 2 types of state indoor tanning laws (age restriction and parental permission) and the prevalence of indoor tanning during the 12 months before the survey, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and survey year, and stratified by gender. Age restriction laws were associated with a 47% (P tanning prevalence among female high school students. Parental permission laws were not found to be associated with indoor tanning prevalence among either female or male high school students. Age restriction laws could contribute to less indoor tanning, particularly among female high school students. Such reductions may reduce the health and economic burden of skin cancer.

  5. Internet advertising of artificial tanning in Australia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Team, Victoria; Markovic, Milica

    2006-08-01

    Artificial tanning, defined as deliberate exposure to ultraviolet rays produced by artificial tanning devices, is a new and emerging public health issue in Australia and globally. Epidemiological research suggests that artificial tanning may contribute to the incidence of melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer as well as other health problems. Given that Australia has a high incidence of skin cancer, we have undertaken a study to explore how artificial tanning has been promoted to its users. The aim was to analyze the completeness and accuracy of information about artificial tanning. A content analysis of web sites of tanning salons and distributors of tanning equipment in Australia was conducted. A total of 22 web sites were analyzed. None of the solarium operators or distributors of equipment provided full information about the risks of artificial tanning. Fifty-nine percent of web advertisements had no information and 41% provided only partial information regarding the risks of artificial tanning. Pictures with the image of bronze-tanned bodies, predominantly women, were used by all web advertisers. In light of the success of sun-safety campaigns in Australia, the findings of future epidemiological research on the prevalence of artificial tanning and sociological and anthropological research on why people utilize artificial tanning should be a basis for developing effective targeted health promotion on the elimination of artificial tanning in the country.

  6. Adolescent attitudes towards tanning: does age matter?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dennis, Leslie K; Kancherla, Vijaya; Snetselaar, Linda G

    2009-12-01

    Adolescents seem to be obsessed with tanning. One third of both adolescents and adults report sunbathing. On average, about 20% of adolescents report ever-using of artificial UV tanning devices with 15% currently using them. Tanning attitudes appear similar for adolescents and adults. The top three reasons for tanning included beliefs that a tan makes them more comfortable socializing with friends, looks better and is attractive. The top reason for using artificial UV tanning devices is also aesthetics, followed by relaxation. Other reasons for using artificial UV tanning devices include vacation preparation and to gain a protective base. Attitudes related to appearance that result in more frequent tanning may be difficult to change.

  7. Photobiological evaluation of tanning booths

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nachtwey, D.S.; Rundel, R.D.

    1981-01-01

    The use of tanning booths as a substitute for natural sunlight is becoming increasingly popular. However, unless careful attention is paid to proper design and maintenance, the radiation field inside a tanning booth can be highly anisotropic. The use of simple, inexpensive ultraviolet radiation meters to measure dosage can lead to serious overexposure. Since the ultraviolet radiation inside a tanning booth has a greater proportion of short wavelengths (less than 300 nanometers) than natural sunlight, the amount of skin cancer-inducing radiation received for a tan may be twice that received for a natural suntan

  8. Definiéndome como estudiante : Cuestionario de autopercepción

    OpenAIRE

    Maglio, Norma; Luque, Adriana

    2011-01-01

    En este trabajo se comunican resultados preliminares de un proyecto en curso, destinado a indagar cómo un grupo de alumnos, se perciben como lectores y/o escritores, variables que pueden ser vinculantes con el desempeño efectivo de los alumnos universitarios. Investigaciones nacionales e internacionales han puesto en evidencia las dificultades que presentan los alumnos de este nivel académico en la comprensión y producción textual, la insuficiencia de las estrategias de evaluación para det...

  9. Sunless Tanning: A Safe Alternative to Sunbathing

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... sunless tanning (spray tanning) booth, ask how your eyes, lips, nose and ears will be protected and how you will be protected from inhaling the tanning spray. Options for protecting yourself while applying or having a sunless tanning ...

  10. Indoor Tanning (For Teens)

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... re treating more and more young patients for skin cancer. Indoor Tanning vs. Sunlight The sun's rays contain two types ... and put yourself at even greater risk for skin cancer. What Tanning Salons Don't Tell You Studies show that ...

  11. UV tanning advertisements in national high school newspapers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lofgreen, Seth J; Domozych, Renee; Doctor, Monica; Reimer, Christine; Self, Alyssa; Dellavalle, Robert P

    2017-04-15

    Many young adults have utilized indoor ultraviolet(UV) tanning, putting them at higher risk for development of skin cancers. Prior to the increased regulations on indoor tanning for minors, indoor tanning businesses marketed to teens through modalities such as advertisements in high school newspapers. The purpose of this study was to quantify tanning advertisements in high school newspapers published across the United States between August 2014 and July 2015. Online versions of the newspaper issues were available on issuu.com. Tanning advertisements appeared in 3 of 23 high school newspapers with advertisements of any kind(13%). Among all newspapers with advertisements, 10% were indoor tanning advertisements. One newspaper in Colorado contained advertisements of any kind and had 0 tanning advertisements. A prior study of Colorado high schools showed 11 of 23 schools (48%) to contain tanning advertisements. This suggests that there may be a decrease in indoor UV tanning advertisements owing to increased tanning regulation by state legislatures, national attention to UV tanning, or a general decrease in high school tanning advertisements.

  12. Tanning addiction: conceptualisation, assessment, and correlates

    OpenAIRE

    Andreassen, CS; Pallesen, S; Torsheim, T; Demetrovics, Z; Griffiths, MD

    2018-01-01

    Background:\\ud Research into problematic tanning (or 'tanning addiction') has markedly increased over the past few years. Although several excessive tanning instruments exist, most of these are psychometrically poor, not theoretically anchored, and have mainly been used on small samples.\\ud \\ud Objective:\\ud Against this background, a new tanning addiction scale was developed based on a specific theoretical approach utilising core addiction criteria.\\ud \\ud Methods:\\ud A scale comprising seve...

  13. Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation from the use of indoor tanning equipment: time to ban the tan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lim, Henry W; James, William D; Rigel, Darrell S; Maloney, Mary E; Spencer, James M; Bhushan, Reva

    2011-04-01

    The incidence of melanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly, particularly among young women in the United States. Numerous studies have documented an association between the use of indoor tanning devices and an increased risk of skin cancer, especially in young women. Studies have shown that ultraviolet exposure, even in the absence of erythema or burn, results in DNA damage. Countries and regulatory bodies worldwide have recognized the health risks associated with indoor tanning. In the United States, 32 states have passed legislation to regulate the indoor tanning industry, but there is an urgent need to restrict the use of indoor tanning devices at the federal level. The Food and Drug Administration is currently reviewing the classification of these devices. For all of these reasons, the Food and Drug Administration should prohibit the use of tanning devices by minors and reclassify tanning devices to at least class II to protect the public from the preventable cancers and other adverse effects caused by ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Measurement of total acid number (TAN) and TAN boiling point distribution in petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qian, Kuangnan; Edwards, Kathleen E; Dechert, Gary J; Jaffe, Stephen B; Green, Larry A; Olmstead, William N

    2008-02-01

    We report a new method for rapid measurement of total acid number (TAN) and TAN boiling point (BP) distribution for petroleum crude and products. The technology is based on negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective ionization of petroleum acid and quantification of acid structures and molecular weight distributions. A chip-based nanoelectrospray system enables microscale (boiling point distributions of TAN values can be calculated from the composition. The rapid measurement of TAN BP distributions by ESI is demonstrated for a series of high-TAN crudes and distillation cuts. TAN values determined by the technique agree well with those by the titration method. The distributed properties compare favorably with those measured by distillation and measurement of TAN of corresponding cuts.

  15. Ultrasonic effects on titanium tanning of leather.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Biyu; Shi, Bi; Sun, Danhong; Chen, Yaowen; Shelly, Dennis C

    2007-03-01

    The effects of ultrasound on titanium tanning of leather were investigated. Either 20 or 40 kHz ultrasound was applied to the titanium tanning of pigskins. Five different treatment conditions were carried out and the effects were examined, such as leather shrinkage temperature (T(s)), titanium content and titanium distribution in the leather. Overall heat loading was carefully controlled. Results showed that 20 kHz ultrasound effectively improves titanium agent penetration into the hide and increases the leather's shrinkage temperature. Doubling the frequency to 40 kHz produced negligible enhancements. An impressive 105.6 degrees C T(s) was achieved using 20 kHz ultrasound pretreatment of the tanning liquor followed by 20 kHz ultrasound in the tanning mixture (liquor plus pigskins) in a special salt-free medium. Finally, using a unique ultrasonic tanning drum with 26.5 kHz ultrasound, the T(s) reached a record level of 106.5 degrees C, a value not achieved in conventional (no ultrasound) titanium tanning. The ultrasonic effects on titanium tanning of leather are judged to make a superior mineral tanned leather.

  16. Dispersiones acuosas de poliuretano bloqueado: una alternativa como agente curtiente Aqueous dispersions of blocked polyurethane: an alternative as tanning agents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Mata-Mata

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Se sintetizaron y se evaluaron como agentes curtientes de pieles vacunas dos tipos de agentes de reticulación base poliuretano bloqueado. Se presentan los resultados de la síntesis de dispersiones acuosas de poliuretano bloqueado (DPU’s, basadas en prepolímeros a partir de la reacción de los diisocianatos alifáticos H12MDI (4,4’ metilenbis-ciclohexilisocianato y HDI (hexametilendiisocianato con polioles base poliéter óxido de etileno de peso molecular 1 y 2 KDa, en una relación molar isocianato/oxhidrilo (NCO/OH de 4:1 y 6:1 a 100 °C por 2 y 4 horas. En una segunda reacción, los grupos isocianato (NCO libres del prepolímero se bloquearon con una solución acuosa de NaHSO3 ó Na2S2O5 al 40%p/p. Los prepolímeros se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopia IR y RMN de ¹H. El tanto por ciento de isocianato libre en el prepolímero, así como el bloqueo de dichos grupos, se determinaron por espectroscopía IR. La evaluación de la capacidad curtiente de las DPU’s se determinó de acuerdo a la estabilidad térmica de la piel (temperatura de desnaturalización, mediante Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido (DSC y a la determinación del índice de reticulación de las DPU’s con la colágena de la piel mediante un ensayo con ninhidrina.Two types of crosslinking agents blocked polyurethanes were synthesized and evaluated as tanning agents of bovine skins. The results of the synthesis of aqueous dispersions of blocked polyurethane (DPU’s are presented. They were based on prepolymers from the reaction of the aliphatic diisocyanates H12MDI 4,4’-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate and HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate with HO-polyols such as polyethylene oxide of molecular weight 1 and 2 kDa. The molar NCO/OH ratio was fixed in 4:1 or 6:1, at 100 °C and 2 or 4 hours for the reaction time. In a second reaction, the prepolymer containing terminal NCO groups were blocked by reaction with an aqueous NaHSO3 or Na2S2O5 solution to 40% w/w. The

  17. Tanning and beauty: Mother and teenage daughters in discussion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hay, Jennifer L; Geller, Alan C; Schoenhammer, Maria; Gordon, Mallorie; Bishop, Marilyn; Shuk, Elyse; Oliveria, Susan; Halpern, Allan C

    2016-07-01

    Tanning increases dramatically through the teenage years, but the family context of this health risk behavior is relatively unstudied. We conducted videotaped conversations between teenage girls (10th and 11th grade) and their mothers. We developed a coding system for discussion content and highlight findings including inadequate knowledge concerning the harms of tanning and positive views of outdoor tanning over indoor tanning, yet agreement that all tans are attractive. Many teens believed that indoor tanning is sometimes necessary to achieve the tanned look. These findings can usefully guide intervention development regarding the harms of all tanning, rather than indoor or outdoor tanning specifically. © The Author(s) 2014.

  18. Tanning Addiction: Conceptualisation, Assessment, and Correlates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Andreassen, C S; Pallesen, S; Torsheim, T; Demetrovics, Z; Griffiths, M D

    2018-02-25

    Research into problematic tanning (or 'tanning addiction') has markedly increased over the past few years. Although several excessive tanning instruments exist, most of these are psychometrically poor, not theoretically anchored, and have mainly been used on small samples. Against this background, a new tanning addiction scale was developed based on a specific theoretical approach utilising core addiction criteria. A scale comprising seven items (i.e. salience/craving, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, relapse/loss of control, and problems) was administered online to a cross-sectional convenience sample of 23,537 adults (M age =35.8 years, SD=13.3), together with an assessment of demographic factors, the five-factor model of personality, and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model showed an optimal fit with the data collected (RMSEA=.050 [90% CI=.047-.053], CFI=.99, TLI=.99). High factor loadings (.781-.905, all pscale. In a multiple linear regression analysis, tanning addiction was positively associated with being female, not being in a relationship, extroversion, neuroticism, anxiety and obsessive-compulsiveness. It was also found that educational level, intellect/openness and depression were inversely associated with tanning addiction. The new scale, Bergen Tanning Addiction Scale (BTAS), showed good psychometric properties, and is the first scale to fully conceptualise tanning addiciton within a contemporary addiction framework. Given this, the BTAS may potentially assist future clinical practice in providing appropriate patient care, prevention and disease management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  19. Getting a Base Tan: Does it Prevent Sunburn?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tanning: Does a base tan prevent sunburn? Should I go to a tanning salon before a sunny vacation to help prevent sunburn? Answers ... little evidence to support the idea that a base tan protects you against sunburn. A few sessions ...

  20. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SEASONAL SLEEP CHANGE AND INDOOR TANNING1,2

    Science.gov (United States)

    CULNAN, ELIZABETH; KLOSS, JACQUELINE D.; DARLOW, SUSAN; HECKMAN, CAROLYN J.

    2015-01-01

    Summary Identification of risk factors for indoor tanning may ultimately aid the development of better indoor tanning prevention strategies, which is pertinent given the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer. This study aimed to examine the relationship between seasonal sleep change and indoor tanning. Women tanners (N= 139) completed self-report measures including items relating to seasonal sleep changes, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), reasons for tanning, tanning during the winter months, and the Tanning Pathology Scale (TAPS), which measures problematic tanning motives and symptoms of tanning dependence. It was hypothesized that seasonal sleep change and SAD would be associated with greater indoor tanning during the winter, more tanning to improve mood and to relax, and higher scores on the TAPS. Findings indicated that more seasonal sleep change was associated with tanning to improve mood and higher scores on the TAPS. Similarly, the presence of SAD was related to tanning to improve mood, tanning to relax, and more problematic tanning. PMID:25730744

  1. Indoor Tanning: The Risks of Ultraviolet Rays

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... rays damage the skin and can lead to skin cancer. Tanning salons use lamps that emit both UV-A ... Risks In addition to the serious risk of skin cancer, tanning can cause: Premature aging . Tanning causes the skin ...

  2. Cognitive rationalizations for tanning-bed use: a preliminary exploration.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Banerjee, Smita C; Hay, Jennifer L; Greene, Kathryn

    2013-09-01

    To examine construct and predictive utility of an adapted cognitive rationalization scale for tanning-bed use. Current/former tanning-bedusing undergraduate students (N = 216; 87.6% females; 78.4% white) at a large northeastern university participated in a survey. A cognitive rationalization for tanning-bed use scale was adapted. Standardized self-report measures of past tanning-bed use, advantages of tanning, perceived vulnerability to photoaging, tanning-bed use dependence, and tanning-bed use intention were also administered. The cognitive rationalization scale exhibited strong construct and predictive validity. Current tanners and tanning-bed-use-dependent participants endorsed rationalizations more strongly than did former tanners and not-tanning-bed-use-dependent participants respectively. Findings indicate that cognitive rationalizations help explain discrepancy between inconsistent cognitions.

  3. Identification of a mutation that is associated with the saddle tan and black-and-tan phenotypes in Basset Hounds and Pembroke Welsh Corgis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dreger, Dayna L; Parker, Heidi G; Ostrander, Elaine A; Schmutz, Sheila M

    2013-01-01

    The causative mutation for the black-and-tan (a (t) ) phenotype in dogs was previously shown to be a SINE insertion in the 5' region of Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP). Dogs with the black-and-tan phenotype, as well as dogs with the saddle tan phenotype, genotype as a (t) /_ at this locus. We have identified a 16-bp duplication (g.1875_1890dupCCCCAGGTCAGAGTTT) in an intron of hnRNP associated with lethal yellow (RALY), which segregates with the black-and-tan phenotype in a group of 99 saddle tan and black-and-tan Basset Hounds and Pembroke Welsh Corgis. In these breeds, all dogs with the saddle tan phenotype had RALY genotypes of +/+ or +/dup, whereas dogs with the black-and-tan phenotype were homozygous for the duplication. The presence of an a (y) /_ fawn or e/e red genotype is epistatic to the +/_ saddle tan genotype. Genotypes from 10 wolves and 1 coyote indicated that the saddle tan (+) allele is the ancestral allele, suggesting that black-and-tan is a modification of saddle tan. An additional 95 dogs from breeds that never have the saddle tan phenotype have all three of the possible RALY genotypes. We suggest that a multi-gene interaction involving ASIP, RALY, MC1R, DEFB103, and a yet-unidentified modifier gene is required for expression of saddle tan.

  4. Indoor Tanning Is Not Safe

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... the sun is by using these tips for skin cancer prevention. Indoor tanning is not a safe way to get vitamin ... to previous findings on the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer. Only a small number of people reported ...

  5. GCN/TAN: A Status Report

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barthelmy, Scott

    2015-04-01

    The Gamma-ray Coordinates Network / Transient Astronomy Network (GCN/TAN) is your one-stop shopping place for all transient astronomy. It collects nearly all the astrophysical transients from the missions (space-based and ground-based), puts them into a standard format, and distributes them to whomever wishes to receive them. This is all done autonomously (completely autonomous within GCN/TAN, and almost always autonomously within the producer end of operations). This automation means minimal time delays (dependant on the internet email protocol and the number of hops (both of which are out of the control of GCN/TAN). A status report on the current set of sources of transient information, plus recently-added and soon-to-be-added source will be given. Also, a standing request for GCN/TAN to incorporate your transient data stream; plus instruction for customers to receive GCN/TAAN Notice and Circular information.

  6. 21 CFR 878.4635 - Ultraviolet lamp for tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ultraviolet lamp for tanning. 878.4635 Section 878... tanning. (a) Identification. An ultraviolet lamp for tanning is a device that is a lamp (including a fixture) intended to provide ultraviolet radiation to tan the skin. See § 1040.20 of this chapter. (b...

  7. The deceptive nature of UVA tanning versus the modest protective effects of UVB tanning on human skin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miyamura, Yoshinori; Coelho, Sergio G; Schlenz, Kathrin; Batzer, Jan; Smuda, Christoph; Choi, Wonseon; Brenner, Michaela; Passeron, Thierry; Zhang, Guofeng; Kolbe, Ludger; Wolber, Rainer; Hearing, Vincent J

    2011-02-01

    The relationship between human skin pigmentation and protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important element underlying differences in skin carcinogenesis rates. The association between UV damage and the risk of skin cancer is clear, yet a strategic balance in exposure to UV needs to be met. Dark skin is protected from UV-induced DNA damage significantly more than light skin owing to the constitutively higher pigmentation, but an as yet unresolved and important question is what photoprotective benefit, if any, is afforded by facultative pigmentation (i.e. a tan induced by UV exposure). To address that and to compare the effects of various wavelengths of UV, we repetitively exposed human skin to suberythemal doses of UVA and/or UVB over 2 weeks after which a challenge dose of UVA and UVB was given. Although visual skin pigmentation (tanning) elicited by different UV exposure protocols was similar, the melanin content and UV-protective effects against DNA damage in UVB-tanned skin (but not in UVA-tanned skin) were significantly higher. UVA-induced tans seem to result from the photooxidation of existing melanin and its precursors with some redistribution of pigment granules, while UVB stimulates melanocytes to up-regulate melanin synthesis and increases pigmentation coverage, effects that are synergistically stimulated in UVA and UVB-exposed skin. Thus, UVA tanning contributes essentially no photoprotection, although all types of UV-induced tanning result in DNA and cellular damage, which can eventually lead to photocarcinogenesis. 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  8. Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watson, Meg; Holman, Dawn M.; Fox, Kathleen A.; Guy, Gery P.; Seidenberg, Andrew B.; Sampson, Blake P.; Sinclair, Craig; Lazovich, DeAnn

    2015-01-01

    Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices (tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps) or from the sun contributes to the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer responsible for most deaths. Indoor tanning is common among certain groups, especially among older adolescents and young adults, adolescent girls and young women, and non-Hispanic whites. Increased understanding of the health risks associated with indoor tanning has led to many efforts to reduce use. Most environmental and systems efforts in the U.S. (e.g., age limits or requiring parental consent/accompaniment) have occurred at the state level. At the national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission regulate indoor tanning devices and advertising, respectively. The current paper provides a brief review of (1) the evidence on indoor tanning as a risk factor for skin cancer; (2) factors that may influence use of indoor tanning devices at the population level; and (3) various environmental and systems options available for consideration when developing strategies to reduce indoor tanning. This information provides the context and background for the companion paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which summarizes highlights from an informal expert meeting convened by the CDC in August 2012 to identify opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing use of indoor tanning devices. PMID:23683987

  9. Chromium removal from tanning industries effluents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaudry, M.A.; Ahmad, S.

    1997-01-01

    Air and water are the basic needs of human being and other living entities on the earth. Tanning industry uses water and some chemicals and so creates environmental problems, depending basically on two principal sources, hide and water. The processes of tanning are based on chromium sulphate and vegetable treatment of hide. According to the national environmental quality standards (NEQS) the effluent or disposed water should contain phenol less than 0.5 ppm, Cr, sulphates, chloride and other salts content. About 30-40 liters of water are used to process one Kg of raw hide into finished goods. Total installed capacity of hides and skins chrome tanning is 53.5 million square meter, earning a large amount of foreign exchange for our country. In the present work, seven tanning industries effluents from the suburbs of Multan city have been collected and analysed. The pH of the liquors have been found to vary from 2.72 to 4.4 and the constituent Cr have been found to be from zero to 8000 ppm from vegetable to chrome tanning industrial effluents studied. The stages involved in tanning and treatment of the effluent water waste including chemical treatment of Cr has been described with a special reference to supported liquid membranes process for removal of chromium ions. (author)

  10. Brain intrinsic network connectivity in individuals with frequent tanning behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ketcherside, Ariel; Filbey, Francesca M; Aubert, Pamela M; Seibyl, John P; Price, Julianne L; Adinoff, Bryon

    2018-05-01

    Emergent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between brain functioning and the skin. This neurocutaneous connection may be responsible for the reward response to tanning and, thus, may contribute to excessive tanning behavior. To date, however, this association has not yet been examined. To explore whether intrinsic brain functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) is related to indoor tanning behavior. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) was obtained in twenty adults (16 females) with a history of indoor tanning. Using a seed-based [(posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)] approach, the relationship between tanning severity and FC strength was assessed. Tanning severity was measured with symptom count from the Structured Clinical Interview for Tanning Abuse and Dependence (SITAD) and tanning intensity (lifetime indoor tanning episodes/years tanning). rsFC strength between the PCC and other DMN regions (left globus pallidus, left medial frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus) is positively correlated with tanning symptom count. rsFC strength between the PCC and salience network regions (right anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobe, left inferior temporal gyrus) is correlated with tanning intensity. Greater connectivity between tanning severity and DMN and salience network connectivity suggests that heightened self-awareness of salient stimuli may be a mechanism that underlies frequent tanning behavior. These findings add to the growing evidence of brain-skin connection and reflect dysregulation in the reward processing networks in those with frequent tanning.

  11. CARACTERIZACIÓN BIOQUÍMICA DE MICROORGANISMOS RIZOSFÉRICOS DE PLANTAS DE VAINILLA CON POTENCIAL COMO BIOFERTILIZANTES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia \\u00C1lvarez-L\\u00F3pez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Caracterización bioquímica de microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla con potencial como biofertilizantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad bioquímica in vitro con potencial biofertilizante en microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla. Se realizó una confirmación fenotípica de la identidad taxonómica de los microorganismos más eficientes en las diferentes pruebas. Los aislamientos se llevaron a cabo durante el año 2011 en cultivos de vainilla bajo cobertizos de techo- sombra en el municipio de Sopetrán (Antioquia, Colombia. Los solubilizadores de fosfato inorgánico más efectivos correspondieron a dos bacterias, una del género Serratia y la otra identificada como Pseudomonas koreensis. Entre los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato orgánico el más eficiente fue el hongo Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Los celulolíticos más efectivos fueron los hongos Penicillium griseofulvum y Aspergillus fumigatus; por su alta actividad proteolítica/amonificante se identificaron las bacterias del complejo Bacillus cereus y Serratia sp. Finalmente, entre las bacterias asimbióticas fijadoras de nitrógeno tres cepas de Pseudomonas koreensis, crecieron rápida y abundantemente en el medio selectivo libre de nitrógeno. Para estas bacterias, mediante PCR específico se detectó, la presencia del gen NifH responsable de esta actividad metabólica. La diversidad funcional de los microorganismos encontrados, abre la posibilidad de ser empleados como biofertilizantes en el cultivo de vainilla.

  12. Cosmetics to imitate a summer tan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Draelos , Z D

    2000-01-01

    Over the past century, tanned skin shifted from being unpopular to becoming the height of fashion. However, the past decade has again seen white skin become fashionable as more and more people become aware of the dangers of spending too much time in the sun. Even so, having tanned skin is still popular and probably will be for some time to come. This article will focus on cosmetic products that are designed to simulate tanning of the skin by coloring or staining the skin without sun exposure.

  13. Gestión del conocimiento como vía hacia el éxito empresarial

    OpenAIRE

    Barroso Tanoira, Francisco Gerardo

    2015-01-01

    Ante el entorno dinámico actual, las empresas requieren procesos efectivos de adquisición, uso, y transferencia de conocimiento que les permitan ser exitosas en sus mercados, por lo que la gestión del conocimiento es una importante fuente de ventaja competitiva. En este estudio, realizado en el Sureste de México, los resultados indican que las empresas que mejor administran su conocimiento son las manufactureras y las de servicio, así como también, que falta mejorar los esquemas de transferen...

  14. ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SEASONAL SLEEP CHANGE AND INDOOR TANNING1,2

    OpenAIRE

    CULNAN, ELIZABETH; KLOSS, JACQUELINE D.; DARLOW, SUSAN; HECKMAN, CAROLYN J.

    2015-01-01

    Identification of risk factors for indoor tanning may ultimately aid the development of better indoor tanning prevention strategies, which is pertinent given the association between indoor tanning and skin cancer. This study aimed to examine the relationship between seasonal sleep change and indoor tanning. Women tanners (N= 139) completed self-report measures including items relating to seasonal sleep changes, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), reasons for tanning, tanning during the winter ...

  15. Tanning Products

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... must obtain a signed, FDA-prescribed risk acknowledgement certification before use that states that they have been informed of the risks to health that may result from use of sunlamp products. Using tanning lamps, booths, or beds: If you ...

  16. Tannin fingerprinting in vegetable tanned leather by solid state NMR spectroscopy and comparison with leathers tanned by other processes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romer, Frederik H; Underwood, Andrew P; Senekal, Nadine D; Bonnet, Susan L; Duer, Melinda J; Reid, David G; van der Westhuizen, Jan H

    2011-01-28

    Solid state ¹³C-NMR spectra of pure tannin powders from four different sources--mimosa, quebracho, chestnut and tara--are readily distinguishable from each other, both in pure commercial powder form, and in leather which they have been used to tan. Groups of signals indicative of the source, and type (condensed vs. hydrolyzable) of tannin used in the manufacture are well resolved in the spectra of the finished leathers. These fingerprints are compared with those arising from leathers tanned with other common tanning agents. Paramagnetic chromium (III) tanning causes widespread but selective disappearance of signals from the spectrum of leather collagen, including resonances from acidic aspartyl and glutamyl residues, likely bound to Cr (III) structures. Aluminium (III) and glutaraldehyde tanning both cause considerable leather collagen signal sharpening suggesting some increase in molecular structural ordering. The ²⁷Al-NMR signal from the former material is consistent with an octahedral coordination by oxygen ligands. Solid state NMR thus provides easily recognisable reagent specific spectral fingerprints of the products of vegetable and some other common tanning processes. Because spectra are related to molecular properties, NMR is potentially a powerful tool in leather process enhancement and quality or provenance assurance.

  17. La comunicación, como herramienta de productividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Johnny Vargas D.

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available En el ámbito corporativo o empresarial está cobrando auge la comunicación y ya se concibe al gerente moderno como "el gran comunicador", dejando a sus asesores inmediatos la realización de tareas más especializadas. En las empresas contemporáneas, el personal requiere tener información oficializada que le permite comprender su diario quehacer y le oriente productiva y personalmente. Un sistema de comunicación integral en el ámbito empresarial es otro componente de la producción, tan importante como la materia prima o los recursos financieros.

  18. Valoración de activos financieros utilizando Montecarlo: cuando el mundo no es tan normal.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia Amaya Ochoa

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Valorar activos financieros cuando el mundo no es tan normal como asumen muchos modelos financieros exige un método flexible para operar con diversas distribuciones, el cual, adicionalmente, pueda incorporar discontinuidades como las que se dan en procesos estocásticos de salto. El método Monte Carlo cumple con esos requisitos, además de generar una buena aproximación y ser eficiente, lo cual lo convierte en el más adecuado para aquellos casos en los cuales no se cumple el supuesto de normalidad. Este artículo explica como se aplica este método para la valoración de activos financieros, particularmente opciones financieras, cuando el activo subyacente sigue un proceso de volatilidad estocástica o de salto-difusión.

  19. Adolescents' reasons for tanning and appearance motives: a preliminary study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prior, Suzanne M; Fenwick, Kimberley D; Peterson, Jasmine C

    2014-01-01

    We examined adolescents' reasons for tanning and how these relate to appearance evaluation and orientation. Two hundred and sixty-four Canadian adolescents (age range 15-19 years) in grades 10, 11, and 12 completed a survey that included scales measuring their reasons for tanning, appearance evaluation, and appearance orientation. It was found that girls and boys differed on four of nine subscales measuring reasons for tanning. Girls believed more strongly than boys that tanning improved their general appearance and that friends influenced their decision to tan. Girls also expressed less concern than boys that tanning caused immediate skin damage or premature aging. The pattern of correlations between the reasons for tanning and appearance orientation was similar for girls and boys. For both, appearance reasons for tanning and sociocultural influences on tanning were positively associated with appearance orientation. Suggestions for future research with adolescents and a proposal for a guiding model are provided. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Trending on Pinterest: an examination of pins about skin tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Banerjee, Smita C; Rodríguez, Vivian M; Greene, Kathryn; Hay, Jennifer L

    2018-04-10

    Rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are on the rise in the USA with data revealing disproportionate increase in female young adults. The popularity of intentional skin tanning among U.S. adolescents is attributed to several factors, including prioritization of physical appearance, media images of tanned celebrities, ease of availability of artificial tanning facilities, and more recently, the prevalence and celebration of tanned skin on social media. Pinterest, as the third most popular social media platform, was searched for "pins" about skin tanning. The resultant "pins" were examined to understand the extent and characteristics of skin tanning portrayed on Pinterest. We analyzed pins on Pinterest about skin tanning (n = 501) through a quantitative content analysis. Overall, results indicated an overwhelmingly protanning characteristic of pins about skin tanning on Pinterest, with over 85% of pins promoting tanning behavior. The pins were generally characterized by the portrayal of a female subject (61%) and provided positive reinforcement for tanning (49%). Use of tanning for enhancing appearance was the main positive outcome expectancy portrayed in the pins (35%), and nudity or exposure of skin on arms (32%) and legs (31%) was evident in about a third of pins. With overwhelmingly positive pins promoting tanning, use of female subjects, exhibiting nudity, and appearance enhancement, there seems be to a consistent targeting of female users to accept tanning as a socially acceptable and popular behavior. The findings indicate a need for developing sun protection messages and the leveraging of social media for dissemination of skin cancer prevention and detection messages.

  1. Adolescent egocentrism and indoor tanning: is the relationship direct or mediated?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Banerjee, Smita C.; Greene, Kathryn; Yanovitzky, Itzhak; Bagdasarov, Zhanna; Choi, Soe Yoon; Magsamen-Conrad, Kate

    2016-01-01

    This paper explored how imaginary audience and personal fable ideations contribute to adolescent indoor tanning intentions directly and indirectly through the way they shape pro-tanning attitude and association with peers who use tanning beds. Five hundred and ninety-five male (n = 207) and female (n = 387) adolescents, ranging in age from 11 to 19 (M = 16.87; SD = 1.34) years completed a cross-sectional survey. Measures included imaginary audience, personal fable (three dimensions: invulnerability, uniqueness, and omnipotence), pro-tanning attitude, association with peers who use tanning beds, and tanning bed use intentions. Bootstrapping analyses documented that imaginary audience ideations are indirectly associated with indoor tanning intentions through the mediation of pro-tanning attitude and association with peers who use tanning beds. Of the personal fable ideations, only invulnerability ideation is indirectly associated with indoor tanning intentions through the mediation of association with peers who use tanning beds. Design and evaluation of interventions and campaigns to reduce indoor tanning must be targeted to adolescents varying in imaginary audience ideations differently. PMID:28042281

  2. Photobiological implications of melanin photoprotection after UVB-induced tanning of human skin but not UVA-induced tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coelho, Sergio G; Yin, Lanlan; Smuda, Christoph; Mahns, Andre; Kolbe, Ludger; Hearing, Vincent J

    2015-03-01

    Repetitive suberythemal UVA and/or UVB exposures were used to generate comparable UV-induced tans in human skin over the course of 2 weeks. To evaluate the potential photoprotective values of those UVA- and/or UVB- induced tans and to avoid the confounding issue of residual UV-induced DNA damage, we waited 1 week before challenging those areas with a 1.5 MED of UVA+UVB after which we measure DNA damage. The results show that the type of UV used to induce skin pigmentation affects the redistribution of melanin in the skin and/or de novo melanin synthesis. The UVA-induced tans failed to even provide a minimal SPF of 1.5, which suggests that producing a tan with UVA-rich sunlamps prior to a holiday or vacation is completely counterproductive. Published 2014. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  3. Tannin Fingerprinting in Vegetable Tanned Leather by Solid State NMR Spectroscopy and Comparison with Leathers Tanned by Other Processes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jan H. van der Westhuizen

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Solid state 13C-NMR spectra of pure tannin powders from four different sources – mimosa, quebracho, chestnut and tara – are readily distinguishable from each other, both in pure commercial powder form, and in leather which they have been used to tan.  Groups of signals indicative of the source, and type (condensed vs. hydrolyzable of tannin used in the manufacture are well resolved in the spectra of the finished leathers.  These fingerprints are compared with those arising from leathers tanned with other common tanning agents.  Paramagnetic chromium (III tanning causes widespread but selective disappearance of signals from the spectrum of leather collagen, including resonances from acidic aspartyl and glutamyl residues, likely bound to Cr (III structures. Aluminium (III and glutaraldehyde tanning both cause considerable leather collagen signal sharpening suggesting some increase in molecular structural ordering. The 27Al-NMR signal from the former material is consistent with an octahedral coordination by oxygen ligands. Solid state NMR thus provides easily recognisable reagent specific spectral fingerprints of the products of vegetable and some other common tanning processes. Because spectra are related to molecular properties, NMR is potentially a powerful tool in leather process enhancement and quality or provenance assurance.

  4. Sociocultural experiences, body image, and indoor tanning among young adult women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stapleton, Jerod L; Manne, Sharon L; Greene, Kathryn; Darabos, Katie; Carpenter, Amanda; Hudson, Shawna V; Coups, Elliot J

    2017-10-01

    The purpose of this survey study was to evaluate a model of body image influences on indoor tanning behavior. Participants were 823 young adult women recruited from a probability-based web panel in the United States. Consistent with our hypothesized model, tanning-related sociocultural experiences were indirectly associated with lifetime indoor tanning use and intentions to tan as mediated through tan surveillance and tan dissatisfaction. Findings suggest the need for targeting body image constructs as mechanisms of behavior change in indoor tanning behavioral interventions.

  5. 7 CFR 29.3066 - Tan color.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Tan color. 29.3066 Section 29.3066 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing... Tan color. A light red-yellow. [24 FR 8771, Oct. 29, 1959. Redesignated at 47 FR 51722, Nov. 17, 1982...

  6. Ultrasound assisted chrome tanning: Towards a clean leather production technology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mengistie, Embialle; Smets, Ilse; Van Gerven, Tom

    2016-09-01

    Nowadays, there is a growing demand for a cleaner, but still effective alternative for production processes like in the leather industry. Ultrasound (US) assisted processing of leather might be promising in this sense. In the present paper, the use of US in the conventional chrome tanning process has been studied at different pH, temperature, tanning time, chrome dose and US exposure time by exposing the skin before tanning and during tanning operation. Both prior exposure of the skin to US and US during tanning improves the chrome uptake and reduces the shrinkage significantly. Prior exposure of the skin to US increase the chrome uptake by 13.8% or reduces the chrome dose from 8% to 5% (% based on skin weight) and shorten the process time by half while US during tanning increases the chrome uptake by 28.5% or reduces the chrome dose from 8% to 4% (half) and the tanning time to one third compared to the control without US. Concomitantly, the resulting leather quality (measured as skin shrinkage) improved from 5.2% to 3.2% shrinkage in the skin exposed to US prior tanning and to 1.3% in the skin exposed to US during the tanning experiment. This study confirms that US chrome tanning is an effective and eco-friendly tanning process which can produce a better quality leather product in a shorter process time with a lower chromium dose. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Perceptions of indoor vs. outdoor tanning risks among melanoma patients who have a history of indoor UV tanning: an international internet survey

    OpenAIRE

    Nergard, Jennifer; Caldwell, Chauncey; Barr, Morgan; Dellavalle, Robert P; Solomon, James A

    2016-01-01

    IntroductionA new U.S. FDA regulation categorizes tanning beds as category II¹, and similar global regulatory action require informing users of the “risk of skin cancer” as methods to reverse the growing trend of indoor tanning. However, little is known from the patient’s perspective on whether or not knowledge of risk of cancer is a deterrent to indoor tanning. Also, there is conflicting literature on the relationship between frequency of indoor tanning, age of onset and characteristics of p...

  8. Intentional tanning behaviors among undergraduates on the United States' Gulf Coast.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daniel, Casey L; Gassman, Natalie R; Fernandez, Alyssa M; Bae, Sejong; Tan, Marcus C B

    2018-04-03

    Rates of melanoma have dramatically increased among adolescents and young adults in recent years, particularly among young women. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from intentional tanning practices is likely a major contributor to this epidemic. Southern and coastal regions have higher melanoma mortality rates among non-Hispanic whites in other parts of the U.S., yet little is known about tanning practices of adolescents and young adults in these regions. This study determines the prevalence and methods of intentional tanning utilized by an undergraduate population located on the United States' Gulf Coast. Undergraduate students enrolled at a university on the Gulf Coast completed an online survey from March-April 2016, self-reporting their engagement, knowledge, and attitudes regarding outdoor tanning (OT), indoor tanning (IT) and spray tanning (ST). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with tanning behaviors. 2668 undergraduates completed the survey. Of these, 64.9% reported OT tanning, 50.7% reported ever IT, and 21.2% reported ever ST. In the largest study to date of intentional tanning behaviors of adolescents and young adults from coastal regions, we found high rates of intentional tanning behaviors. There was also significant engagement in spray tanning by this population, not previously reported for adolescents and young adults in a sample of this size. We also identified a high association between different tanning methods, indicating this population engages in multiple tanning behaviors, a phenomenon whose health consequences are not yet known.

  9. Decrease in artificial tanning by French teenagers: 2011-2016.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Say, Matthieu; Beauchet, Alain; Vouldoukis, Ioannis; Beauchet, Pascale; Boudet, Monique; Tella, Emilie; Mahé, Emmanuel

    2018-03-13

    The major risk factor for skin cancers is exposure to solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation, in particular during childhood and adolescence. In France, a law was restricted for tanning-bed access to adults (≥18 years) since 1997. To evaluate teenagers' artificial tanning behaviour in 2016 and to compare results with those obtained in a similar survey performed in 2011. The SOLADO 2011 and 2016 surveys were conducted in a general school in Antony and a technical school in Fontenay-aux-Roses (Paris suburb). In 2016, 630 teenagers (mean age: 14.2 ± 1.9 y: Males/Females: 301/329) completed the questionnaire, 1.3% of teenagers reported using tanning beds, 1.1% tanning pills and 8.9% tanning creams. Between 2011 and 2016, the use of tanning beds decreased from 1.4% to 0.7% in Antony (P = .26) and from 9.5% to 4.8% in Fontenay-aux-Roses (P = .01), and the use of tanning creams from 39.8% to 17.6% in Fontenay-aux-Rose (P = .0007). The incidence of sunburn decreased from 60.5% to 54.0% in Antony (P = .02) and from 55.4% to 42.4% in Fontenay-aux-Roses (P = .05). As compared to 2011, teenagers used artificial tanning methods less frequently in 2016. In particular, they used tanning beds less frequently, suggesting that the new stricter legislation has been effective. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  10. Timectomía como tratamiento de miastenia gravis: Experiencia en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Lima, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio VASQUEZ KOBASHIGAWA

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available La timectomía es una opción terapéutica en el manejo de la miastenia gravis (MG. Aunque existe controversia sobre las indicaciones quirúrgicas y el mejor momento para operar, la timectomía se mantiene como un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de MG. Aquí revisamos nuestra experiencia con esta operación en pacientes con esta enfermedad, y comparamos nuestros resultados con aquellos publicados en la literatura.

  11. UV tanning advertisements in national high school newspapers

    OpenAIRE

    Lofgreen, Seth J; Domozych, Renee; Doctor, Monica; Reimer, Christine; Self, Alyssa; Dellavalle, Robert P

    2017-01-01

    Many young adults have utilized indoor ultraviolet(UV) tanning, putting them at higher risk fordevelopment of skin cancers. Prior to the increasedregulations on indoor tanning for minors, indoortanning businesses marketed to teens throughmodalities such as advertisements in high schoolnewspapers. The purpose of this study was toquantify tanning advertisements in high schoolnewspapers published across the United Statesbetween August 2014 and July 2015. Online versionsof the newspaper issues we...

  12. North American Magazine Coverage of Skin Cancer and Recreational Tanning Before and After the WHO/IARC 2009 Classification of Indoor Tanning Devices as Carcinogenic.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McWhirter, Jennifer E; Hoffman-Goetz, Laurie

    2015-09-01

    The mass media is an influential source of skin cancer information for the public. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer classified UV radiation from tanning devices as carcinogenic. Our objective was to determine if media coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning increased in volume or changed in nature after this classification. We conducted a directed content analysis on 29 North American popular magazines (2007-2012) to investigate the overall volume of articles on skin cancer and recreational tanning and, more specifically, the presence of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection information in article text (n = 410) and images (n = 714). The volume of coverage on skin cancer and recreational tanning did not increase significantly after the 2009 classification of tanning beds as carcinogenic. Key-related messages, including that UV exposure is a risk factor for skin cancer and that indoor tanning should be avoided, were not reported more frequently after the classification, but the promotion of the tanned look as attractive was conveyed more often in images afterwards (p skin cancer risk factors, other UV behaviors, or early detection information over time. The classification of indoor tanning beds as carcinogenic had no significant impact on the volume or nature of skin cancer and recreational tanning coverage in magazines.

  13. Implications of Lessons Learned From Tobacco Control for Tanning Bed Reform

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinclair, Craig

    2013-01-01

    Tanning beds used according to the manufacturer’s instructions expose the user to health risks, including melanoma and other skin cancers. Applying the MPOWER model (monitor, protect, offer alternatives, warn, enforce, and raise taxes), which has been used in tobacco control, to tanning bed reform could reduce the number of people at risk of diseases associated with tanning bed use. Among the tactics available to government are restricting the use of tanning beds by people under age 18 and those with fair skin, increasing the price of tanning bed services through taxation, licensing tanning bed operators, and banning unsupervised tanning bed operations. PMID:23449282

  14. Does the Portrayal of Tanning in Australian Women's Magazines Relate to Real Women's Tanning Beliefs and Behavior?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dixon, Helen G.; Warne, Charles D.; Scully, Maree L.; Wakefield, Melanie A.; Dobbinson, Suzanne J.

    2011-01-01

    Content analysis data on the tans of 4,422 female Caucasian models sampled from spring and summer magazine issues were combined with readership data to generate indices of potential exposure to social modeling of tanning via popular women's magazines over a 15-year period (1987 to 2002). Associations between these indices and cross-sectional…

  15. Síntesis de compuestos organoselénicos derivados del hidroxitirosol. Determinación de su actividad como antioxidantes

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Carretero, Antonio

    2012-01-01

    Texto completo descargado desde Teseo 1. Introducción Los polifenoles son una amplia familia de compuestos que se encuentran, entre otros alimentos, en la fruta, la verdura, el vino, el té, el cacao y el aceite de oliva virgen extra y que muestran una marcada actividad antioxidante, que se traduce en una contrastada actividad en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, diabetes u osteoporosis . Uno de los polifenoles más efectivos como ...

  16. Photoprotective effect of a psoralen-UVA-induced tan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gschnait, F.; Brenner, W.; Wolff, K.

    1978-01-01

    To determine whether a tan produced by 8-MOP and UVA protects from subsequent solar light irradiation, volunteers were irradiated with unfiltered Xenon arc light before and 10 days after a 1 week's course of four 8-MOP-UVA treatments. Evaluation of the minimal erythema doses and of histological changes before and after 8-MOP-UVA treatment revealed that the 8-MOP-UVA induced tan protected against the erythemogenic and cell damaging effects of Xenon arc light. Unscheduled repair DNA synthesis, used as a measure for UVB-induced DNA damage and repair, was also investigated in skin irradiated with the Xenon arc before and after 8-MOP-UVA induced tanning. Both the number of grains per sparse labeled cell and the number of sparse labeled cells per 1000 cells, were found to be significantly lower in tanned skin; taking decreased unscheduled repair DNA synthesis as a measure for decreased DNA-damage, these findings also demonstrate a photoprotective effect of the 8-MOP-UVA induced tan. (orig.) [de

  17. Aproximación conceptual al “acceso efectivo a la administración de justicia” a partir de la teoría de la acción procesal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fredy Hernando Toscano López

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available La teoría de la acción procesal en su sentido abstracto puede servir de fundamento para la construcción conceptual del derecho fundamental al acceso efectivo a la administración de justicia, puesto que solo bajo dicha concepción es posible afirmar que todo sujeto de derecho, tenga o no la razón desde el punto de vista del derecho sustancial, tiene que ser escuchado en el proceso. Así las cosas, este derecho fundamental deja de ser una simple institución teórica o formalista, para convertirse en un elemento esencial al Estado de derecho, pues legitima al proceso judicial como genuino instrumento institucionalizado de solución pacífica de controversias (heterocomposición, al contribuir con la proscripción de la justicia por mano propia.

  18. Therapy toy for spider phobics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arnold S. Chamove

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación previa ha mostrado que ver imágenes en la computadora o a otra persona en contacto con arañas es efectivo para la desensibilización, pero ni es tan efectivo como el contacto real con arañas, ni tampoco proporciona al cliente control sobre el estímulo. En este estudio de caso único con réplica, dos mujeres con fobia a las arañas montaron y desmontaron maquetas de arañas de madera en sus casas, de tal forma que mantenían niveles de ansiedad bajos. La comparación con otros tres clientes con fobia a las arañas a los que no se les daban las maquetas, pero que dedicaban un tiempo similar a dibujar arañas, muestra una reducción entre el 20-30% del periodo con el terapeuta, resultando más eficiente la terapia con maquetas. El autor sugiere que el realismo del modelo-maqueta y el control sobre el estímulo permiten al cliente adaptarse a la araña de forma progresiva.

  19. Valorization of titanium metal wastes as tanning agent used in leather industry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crudu, Marian, E-mail: mariancrudu@yahoo.com [The National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather – Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Str., Bucharest (Romania); Deselnicu, Viorica, E-mail: viorica.deselnicu@icpi.ro [The National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather – Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Str., Bucharest (Romania); Deselnicu, Dana Corina, E-mail: d_deselnicu@yahoo.com [University Politehnica Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei Nr. 313, Sector 6, RO-060042 Bucharest (Romania); Albu, Luminita, E-mail: luminita.albu@gmail.com [The National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather – Division Leather and Footwear Research Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Str., Bucharest (Romania)

    2014-10-15

    Highlights: • Valorization of titanium wastes which cannot be recycled in metallurgical industry. • Transferring Ti waste into raw materials for obtaining Ti based tanning agent. • Characterization of new Ti based tanning agents and leather tanned with them. • Characterization of sewage waste water and sludge resulted from leather manufacture. • Analysis of the impact of main metal component of Ti waste. - Abstract: The development of new tanning agents and new technologies in the leather sector is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. In this paper, the use of titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots), for the synthesis of new tanning agent and tanning bovine hides with new tanning agent, as alternative to tanning with chromium salts are investigated. For this purpose, Ti waste and Ti-based tanning agent were characterized for metal content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and chemical analysis; the tanned leather (wet white leather) was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Using X-ray (Analysis). SEM/EDX analysis for metal content; Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Micro-Hot-Table and standard shrinkage temperature showing a hydrothermal stability (ranged from 75.3 to 77 °C) and chemical analysis showing the leather is tanned and can be processed through the subsequent mechanical operations (splitting, shaving). On the other hand, an analysis of major minor trace substances from Ti-end waste (especially vanadium content) in new tanning agent and wet white leather (not detected) and residue stream was performed and showed that leachability of vanadium is acceptable. The results obtained show that new tanning agent obtained from Ti end waste can be used for tanning bovine hides, as eco-friendly alternative for chrome tanning.

  20. Valorization of titanium metal wastes as tanning agent used in leather industry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Crudu, Marian; Deselnicu, Viorica; Deselnicu, Dana Corina; Albu, Luminita

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Valorization of titanium wastes which cannot be recycled in metallurgical industry. • Transferring Ti waste into raw materials for obtaining Ti based tanning agent. • Characterization of new Ti based tanning agents and leather tanned with them. • Characterization of sewage waste water and sludge resulted from leather manufacture. • Analysis of the impact of main metal component of Ti waste. - Abstract: The development of new tanning agents and new technologies in the leather sector is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. In this paper, the use of titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots), for the synthesis of new tanning agent and tanning bovine hides with new tanning agent, as alternative to tanning with chromium salts are investigated. For this purpose, Ti waste and Ti-based tanning agent were characterized for metal content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and chemical analysis; the tanned leather (wet white leather) was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Using X-ray (Analysis). SEM/EDX analysis for metal content; Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Micro-Hot-Table and standard shrinkage temperature showing a hydrothermal stability (ranged from 75.3 to 77 °C) and chemical analysis showing the leather is tanned and can be processed through the subsequent mechanical operations (splitting, shaving). On the other hand, an analysis of major minor trace substances from Ti-end waste (especially vanadium content) in new tanning agent and wet white leather (not detected) and residue stream was performed and showed that leachability of vanadium is acceptable. The results obtained show that new tanning agent obtained from Ti end waste can be used for tanning bovine hides, as eco-friendly alternative for chrome tanning

  1. Valorization of titanium metal wastes as tanning agent used in leather industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crudu, Marian; Deselnicu, Viorica; Deselnicu, Dana Corina; Albu, Luminita

    2014-10-01

    The development of new tanning agents and new technologies in the leather sector is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. In this paper, the use of titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots), for the synthesis of new tanning agent and tanning bovine hides with new tanning agent, as alternative to tanning with chromium salts are investigated. For this purpose, Ti waste and Ti-based tanning agent were characterized for metal content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and chemical analysis; the tanned leather (wet white leather) was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Using X-ray (Analysis). SEM/EDX analysis for metal content; Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Micro-Hot-Table and standard shrinkage temperature showing a hydrothermal stability (ranged from 75.3 to 77°C) and chemical analysis showing the leather is tanned and can be processed through the subsequent mechanical operations (splitting, shaving). On the other hand, an analysis of major minor trace substances from Ti-end waste (especially vanadium content) in new tanning agent and wet white leather (not detected) and residue stream was performed and showed that leachability of vanadium is acceptable. The results obtained show that new tanning agent obtained from Ti end waste can be used for tanning bovine hides, as eco-friendly alternative for chrome tanning. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Youth indoor tanning and skin cancer prevention: lessons from tobacco control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seidenberg, Andrew B; Mahalingam-Dhingra, Aditya; Weinstock, Martin A; Sinclair, Craig; Geller, Alan C

    2015-02-01

    Youth use of ultraviolet-emitting indoor tanning beds represents a present and emerging public health crisis. Nearly 30% of white female high school students report tanning indoors, and a quarter of high school tanners have used a tanning bed more than 20 times in the past year. Despite the significant health risks of tanning beds, including potentially deadly melanoma and eye problems, limited actions have been taken in the U.S. to protect youth. Tobacco control policies and campaigns, which have sharply reduced youth smoking, may provide a useful framework to control indoor tanning among young people. This article describes several evidence-based tobacco control strategies with potential applicability to indoor tanning within the context of the U.S. Further, current tobacco control policies and current indoor tanning policies in the U.S. are compared, and recommendations on how to curtail youth indoor tanning are discussed. Copyright © 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Preventing skin cancer through reduction of indoor tanning: current evidence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watson, Meg; Holman, Dawn M; Fox, Kathleen A; Guy, Gery P; Seidenberg, Andrew B; Sampson, Blake P; Sinclair, Craig; Lazovich, DeAnn

    2013-06-01

    Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices (tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps) or from the sun contributes to the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer responsible for most deaths. Indoor tanning is common among certain groups, especially among older adolescents and young adults, adolescent girls and young women, and non-Hispanic whites. Increased understanding of the health risks associated with indoor tanning has led to many efforts to reduce use. Most environmental and systems efforts in the U.S. (e.g., age limits or requiring parental consent/accompaniment) have occurred at the state level. At the national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission regulate indoor tanning devices and advertising, respectively. The current paper provides a brief review of (1) the evidence on indoor tanning as a risk factor for skin cancer; (2) factors that may influence use of indoor tanning devices at the population level; and (3) various environmental and systems options available for consideration when developing strategies to reduce indoor tanning. This information provides the context and background for the companion paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which summarizes highlights from an informal expert meeting convened by the CDC in August 2012 to identify opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing use of indoor tanning devices. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  4. El museo como espacio de mediación: el lenguaje de la exposición museal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica Núñez

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available La exposición museal es un medio que toma fuerza insospechada en la sociedad actual, debido en gran parte a su naturaleza comunicativa, a la particularidad de su lenguaje, flexibilidad temática y capacidad para llegar a diversos públicos. Estas características permiten a los museos postularse como espacios efectivos de mediación y de transmisión del conocimiento, donde es posible trascender las fronteras disciplinarias con el objetivo común de crear lazos de pertenencia entre los diversos sectores de la sociedad. En este artículo se exploran las características mencionadas y se propone que la exposición museal sea vista como un espacio de mediación y diálogo para el contexto colombiano.

  5. Optimization of UV exposure schedules for tanning

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Miller, S.A.

    2016-01-01

    The main source of human exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, but almost 1,000,000 individuals pursue indoor tanning in the US every day. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration published regulations for indoor tanning devices in 1979 (updated in 1985). The manufacturer is required to

  6. Breve estudio sobre las Patentes y su utilización como fuente de Información.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liset Pentón Martínez

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo acelerado de la producción demanda constantemente de nuevas técnicas, vinculadas directamente al avance de la ciencia y la tecnología, como respuesta del hombre al desafío de la vida, y dentro de ellas las innovaciones, como frutos específicos, tienen gran importancia, por lo que se hace necesario dejar bien claro que no basta con generar ideas, sino que han de ser protegidas, así como a los creadores de estas ideas, que también merecen encontrar protección a sus derechos, considerando de vital importancia realizar una revisión bibliográfica, tratando de familiarizar al mundo empresarial, con esta temática, exponiéndoles qué son las patentes, su importancia, y cómo el conocimiento de este tipo de información y su uso efectivo se ha hecho indispensable en el quehacer creativo del movimiento científico e innovador.

  7. Envolving the Operations of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Mission Planning System during the TanDEM-X Science Phase

    OpenAIRE

    Stathopoulos, Fotios; Guillermin, Guillaume; Garcia Acero, Carlos; Reich, Karin; Mrowka, Falk

    2016-01-01

    After the successful Global Coverage of the Digital Elevation Model, the TanDEM-X Science phase was initiated in September of 2014, dedicated to the demonstration of innovative techniques and experiments. The TanDEM-X Science phase had a large impact on the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Mission Planning System. The two main challenges were the formation flying changes and the activation of a new acquisition mode, the so called Dual Receive Antenna (DRA) acquisition mode. This paper describes all action...

  8. Tanning beds: A call to action for further educational and legislative efforts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farley, Clara; Alimi, Yewande; Espinosa, Lauren R; Perez, Sebastian; Knechtle, William; Hestley, Andrea; Carlson, Grant W; Russell, Maria C; Delman, Keith A; Rizzo, Monica

    2015-08-01

    Melanoma is steadily increasing over the past decade. Recent studies confirmed a link between tanning bed use and melanoma. We sought to determine the prevalence and frequency of tanning bed among young patients with melanoma. We retrospectively analyzed tanning bed use among young melanoma patients compared to controls selected from the hospital medical records. A telephone survey investigated family history of melanoma or skin cancer, hair color, eye color, skin type, tanning bed use, and patient awareness of dangers of tanning bed use. A total of 601 melanoma cases were identified; 265 (44%) completed the telephone survey as did 195 (31%) controls. Of these 460 subjects, 260 were female. Females were 3.0 times more likely to have used a tanning bed. Melanoma patients had natural light color hair, blue-green eyes, and 2.0 times more likely to use a tanning bed than controls. Among the tanning bed users, 90% were aware of danger of tanning bed. Our study found that tanning beds were more likely to be used by young women, the majority of whom are aware of the associated risks. Eliminating the use of tanning beds should be considered to decrease the incidence of melanoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  9. Decreases in tanning behaviors following a short online survey: Potential for prevention?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodgers, Rachel F; Franko, Debra L; Gottlieb, Mark; Daynard, Richard

    2015-01-01

    To date, tanning prevention programs have led to limited success. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential unexpected prevention effects of completing an online survey focused on tanning attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge among female college tanners. A sample of 92 female undergraduate students from the USA, mean age = 20.09, SD = 1.41 years, who engaged in indoor tanning completed an online survey assessing awareness of tanning-related health risks, appearance-based motivations to tan and not to tan, media literacy related to tanning marketing, and tanning behaviors in 2013. Four months later, participants were invited to complete a follow-up survey assessing tanning intentions and behaviors since completing the initial survey. Fifty-one participants (55%) completed the follow-up questions, of whom 43 (84.3%) reported having decreased or ceased engaging in indoor tanning. In addition participants provided comments indicating that completing the survey had lead to decreases in their tanning behaviors. Our study presents novel and compelling support for using brief online surveys for decreasing health-risk behaviors such as sunbed use. Such measures are extremely cost-effective and easy to disseminate and implement. Replication and extension of these findings are warranted.

  10. An initial study of behavioral addiction symptom severity and demand for indoor tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Becirevic, Amel; Reed, Derek D; Amlung, Michael; Murphy, James G; Stapleton, Jerod L; Hillhouse, Joel J

    2017-10-01

    Indoor tanning remains a popular activity in Western cultures despite a growing body of literature suggesting its link to skin cancer and melanoma. Advances in indoor tanning research have illuminated problematic patterns of its use. With problems such as difficulty quitting, devoting resources toward its use at the expense of healthy activities, and excessive motivation and urges to tan, symptoms of excessive indoor tanning appear consistent with behavioral addiction. The present study bridges the gap between clinical approaches to understanding indoor tanning problems and behavioral economic considerations of unhealthy habits and addiction. Eighty undergraduate females completed both the Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener and the Tanning Purchase Task. Results suggest that behavioral economic demand for tanning significantly differs between risk classification groups, providing divergent validity to the Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener and offering additional evidence of the sensitivity of the Tanning Purchase Task to differentiating groups according to tanning profiles. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  11. De bepaling van TAN-excretie op varkens-, pluimvee- en melkveebedrijven = Quantification of TAN excretion in pig, poultry and dairy farms

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bikker, P.; Jongbloed, A.W.; Vuuren, van A.M.

    2013-01-01

    The ammonia emission from farm animals is largely determined by the excretion of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in the urine. In this report the on-farm collection of data required to calculate TAN excretion on pig, poultry, and dairy farms is addressed.

  12. Molecular spectroscopic study for suggested mechanism of chrome tanned leather

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nashy, Elshahat H. A.; Osman, Osama; Mahmoud, Abdel Aziz; Ibrahim, Medhat

    2012-03-01

    Collagen represents the structural protein of the extracellular matrix, which gives strength of hides and/or skin under tanning process. Chrome tan is the most important tanning agent all over the world. The methods for production of leather evolved over several centuries as art and engineering with little understanding of the underlying science. The present work is devoted to suggest the most probable mechanistic action of chrome tan on hide proteins. First the affect of Cr upon hide protein is indicated by the studied mechanical properties. Then the spectroscopic characterization of the hide protein as well as chrome tanned leather was carried out with Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflection (HATR) FT-IR. The obtained results indicate how the chromium can attached with the active sites of collagen. Molecular modeling confirms that chromium can react with amino as well as carboxylate groups. Four schemes were obtained to describe the possible interactions of chrome tan with hide proteins.

  13. ¿Qué significa tener derecho a la ciudad?. La ciudad como lugar y posibilidad de los derechos humanos

    OpenAIRE

    Lucas Correa Montoya

    2010-01-01

    El derecho a la ciudad como derecho colectivo se presenta jurídicamente desde tres facetas necesarias: (a) el usufructo equitativo de lo que la ciudad tiene para ofrecer a sus habitantes, (b) el mandato de construcción colectiva y participativa de los asuntos de ciudad y (c) el goce efectivo de los derechos humanos en los contextos urbanos. Este es un derecho del cual son titulares los ciudadanos ampliamente considerados, y del cual es responsable, en concreto, la autoridad pública de la ciud...

  14. Indoor Tanning within UK Young Adults: An Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour Approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dodd, Lorna J; Forshaw, Mark J; Williams, Stella

    2013-01-01

    The indoor tanning industry poses a long-term public health risk. Despite the adverse health effects, indoor tanning seems to be gaining considerable popularity. The study examined indoor tanning intentions and behaviour within UK young adults using an extended theory of planned behaviour model, which included variables on "appearance reasons to tan," "perceived susceptibility to damaging appearance," "perceived susceptibility to health consequences," and "tanning knowledge." The model was successful in predicting indoor tanning intentions and behaviour (explained 17% and 71%, resp.). An interesting outcome was the magnitude of the variable "appearance reasons to tan." A current tanned appearance therefore seemed to outweigh any adverse future appearance or health consequences caused by indoor tanning. Appearance-focused interventions to reduce such behaviour may now prove to be efficacious within a UK sample.

  15. La Autonomía moral como fin de la ética cartesiana

    OpenAIRE

    Corazón González, Rafael

    1997-01-01

    Descartes Considera Que El Hombre Esta Hecho A Imagen Y Semejanza De Dios Porquesu Voluntad Es Nuclearmente Infinita. Deduce De Esto Que, Aunque Nuestradependencia En El Ser Es Absoluta Con Respecto A Dios, Somos Tan Libres Como Elen Nuestra Conducta, Porqe Tenemos Los Medios Adecuados Para Lograr Nuestro Fincon La Misma Autonomia Y Generosidad Con Que Dios Actua.

  16. Caracterización bioquímica de microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla con potencial como biofertilizantes.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudia Álvarez-López

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad bioquímica in vitro con potencial biofertilizante en microorganismos rizosféricos de plantas de vainilla. Se realizó una confirmación fenotípica de la identidad taxonómica de los microorganismos más eficientes en las diferentes pruebas. Los aislamientos se llevaron a cabo durante el año 2011 en cultivos de vainilla bajo cobertizos de techo-sombra en el municipio de Sopetrán (Antioquia, Colombia. Los solubilizadores de fosfato inorgánico más efectivos correspondieron a dos bacterias, una del género Serratia y la otra identificada como Pseudomonas koreensis. Entre los microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfato orgánico el más eficiente fue el hongo Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Los celulolíticos más efectivos fueron los hongos Penicillium griseofulvum y Aspergillus fumigatus; por su alta actividad proteolítica/amonificante se identificaron las bacterias del complejo Bacillus cereus y Serratia sp. Finalmente, entre las bacterias asimbióticas fijadoras de nitrógeno tres cepas de Pseudomonas koreensis, crecieron rápida y abundantemente en el medio selectivo libre de nitrógeno. Para estas bacterias, mediante PCR específico se detectó, la presencia del gen NifH responsable de esta actividad metabólica. La diversidad funcional de los microorganismos encontrados, abre la posibilidad de ser empleados como biofertilizantes en el cultivo de vainilla.

  17. Education versus regulation: The case for regulating the indoor tanning industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benet, Suzeanne; Kraft, Frederic

    2016-05-01

    We examine marketing strategies for indoor tanning services that often target young adult females. Evidence of the addictive nature of indoor tanning suggests that young adults may be vulnerable to the promotion of indoor tanning and as a result deserve greater protection from the marketing of these services. As public awareness of the rising numbers of skin cancers linked to indoor tanning grows, we believe that the public will support increased regulation of this industry.

  18. EL CÍRCULO DE INTERÉS COMO MÉTODO EFECTIVO PARA LA SALUD BUCAL DE LOS ESCOLARES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenya Caridad Casanova Sales

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación de intervención comunitaria en la Escuela Primaria Carlos Cuquejo, en la localidad de Vázquez, desde octubre de 2012 a mayo de 2014, mediante el círculo de interés “Educación para la salud bucal”, con una muestra de 98 escolares. El objetivo fue desarrollar la educación para la salud bucal. Se tuvo en cuenta el nivel de conocimientos, la higiene, el estado de salud bucal, así como la ingestión o no, de una dieta cariogénica. La metodología contempló encuestas, controles de placa bacteriana, historias clínicas y registros diarios de dieta de los niños. Las temáticas de educación para la salud fueron desarrolladas mediante murales, mensajes para la salud bucal, charlas demostrativas, juegos didácticos, como “Mi boquita sana”; con canciones, poesías, obras de teatro, encuentros de conocimientos, mesa cubana de frutas y vegetales, y selección de escolares con mejor higiene bucal. Al evaluar los resultados iniciales y finales se comprobó la elevación del nivel de conocimientos, de la higiene, el estado de salud bucal y la calidad de la dieta. El círculo de interés promovió la educación para la salud bucal y la disminución de los niños enfermos, lo que constituyó un logro significativo.

  19. Electrochemical treatment of spent tan bath solution for reuse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amel Benhadji

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available A spent tanning bath contains high concentration of salts, chromium and protein. The treatment system for removal of chlorides or chromium from this effluent is expensive. In this context this waste has to be reused. Our study focuses on the application of advanced oxidation processes for protein removal present in a tanning bath. To improve the quality of the chromium tanning bath, two electrochemical processes (electrooxidation and peroxi-electrocoagulation process, PEP are investigated in a batch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as reactor configuration, current density and electrolysis time on chemical oxygen demand (COD and protein removal efficiency are examined. Results indicated that under the optimum operating range for process, the COD and protein removal efficiency reached 53 and 100%, respectively. The optimum values are determined for the hybrid process (PEP under 0.13 A·cm−2 over 2 h. The treated tanning bath is used as a tanning solution in leather processing. The influence of chromium salt dose, pH solution, stirring time and contact time on the leather characteristic is evaluated. The hides tanned after the addition of 0.25% of commercial chromium salt, at pH solution, leaving them stirring for 4 h with a contact time of 2 days, and showed good hydrothermal stability and physical characteristics of leather.

  20. Indoor Tanning Among High School Students in the United States, 2009 and 2011

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guy, Gery P.; Berkowitz, Zahava; Tai, Eric; Holman, Dawn M.; Jones, Sherry Everett; Richardson, Lisa C.

    2015-01-01

    IMPORTANCE Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, and is particularly dangerous for younger and more frequent indoor tanners. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of indoor tanning and frequent indoor tanning (≥10 times during the 12 months before each survey) and their association with health-related behaviors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study examined data from the 2009 and 2011 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, which used nationally representative samples of US high school students representing approximately 15.5 million students each survey year. The study included 25 861 students who answered the indoor tanning question. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prevalence of indoor tanning and frequent indoor tanning were examined as well as their association with demographic characteristics and health-related behaviors using multivariable logistic regression modeling. RESULTS The prevalence of indoor tanning was greater among female, older, and non-Hispanic white students. Indoor tanning was highest among female students aged 18 years or older, with 31.5% engaging in indoor tanning in 2011, and among non-Hispanic white female students, with 29.3% engaging in indoor tanning in 2011. Among female students, the adjusted prevalence of indoor tanning decreased from 26.4% in 2009 to 20.7% in 2011. Among female and male students, indoor tanning was associated with other risk-taking behaviors, such as binge drinking (P < .001 and P = .006, respectively), unhealthy weight control practices (P < .001, for both), and having sexual intercourse (P < .001, for both). Additionally, indoor tanning among female students was associated with using illegal drugs (P < .001) and having sexual intercourse with 4 or more persons (P = .03); use among male students was associated with taking steroids without a physician’s prescription (P < .001), smoking cigarettes daily (P = .03), and attempting suicide (P = .006

  1. Exposure to indoor tanning without burning and melanoma risk by sunburn history.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vogel, Rachel Isaksson; Ahmed, Rehana L; Nelson, Heather H; Berwick, Marianne; Weinstock, Martin A; Lazovich, DeAnn

    2014-06-01

    Indoor tanning is carcinogenic to humans. Individuals report that they tan indoors before planning to be in the sun to prevent sunburns, but whether skin cancer is subsequently reduced is unknown. Using a population-based case-control study, we calculated the association between melanoma and indoor tanning after excluding exposed participants reporting indoor tanning-related burns, stratified by their number of lifetime sunburns (0, 1-2, 3-5, >5). Confounding was addressed using propensity score analysis methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. We observed increased risk of melanoma across all sunburn categories for participants who had tanned indoors without burning compared with those who never tanned indoors, including those who reported zero lifetime sunburns (odds ratio = 3.87; 95% confidence interval = 1.68 to 8.91; P = .002). These data provide evidence that indoor tanning is a risk factor for melanoma even among persons who reported never experiencing burns from indoor tanning or outdoor sun exposure. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  2. Applicative chemistry of tanning metallic heterocomplexes

    CERN Document Server

    Gaidau, Carmen

    2013-01-01

    The chemistry of heterocomplex compounds is a fascinating field for experts in chemical synthesis and structural analysis, and for technologists specializing in leather processing. This volume describes the vast theoretical and practical possibilities of exploiting the action synergism of metals with different collagen cross-linking capacity. The possibility of reducing chromium content from leather tanning agents by replacing it with other tanning metals has significant environmental implications and minimum changes in terms of quality and production costs of natural leather, and is a viable

  3. Ultraviolet radiation, sun and tanning salons; Ultrafiolett straaling, sol og solarier

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-07-01

    The pamphlet gives some information about ultraviolet radiation (UV), UV-sources and health effects, tanning in artificial and natural sun. It also includes some sun protection advice. It is intended mainly for persons inspecting artificial tanning units and for the owners of tanning salons. (Author)

  4. Predictors of tanning salon use: behavioral alternatives for enhancing appearance, relaxing and socializing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Danoff-Burg, Sharon; Mosher, Catherine E

    2006-05-01

    This study investigated cognitive predictors of tanning salon use, based on Jaccard's Theory of Alternative Behavior. A total of 164 undergraduates completed questionnaires that assessed tanning salon use, attitudes toward tanning salon use and attitudes toward behavioral alternatives for enhancing appearance, relaxing and socializing. Results indicated that attitudes toward alternatives for enhancing appearance were not significantly related to tanning salon use. However, favorable attitudes toward engaging in a hobby to relax and going to the gym to socialize were inversely related to frequency of tanning salon use. Findings suggest that interventions for reducing skin cancer risk should focus not only on decreasing favorable attitudes toward tanning, but also on increasing favorable attitudes toward healthier alternatives to tanning salon use.

  5. Decrease in Self-Reported Tanning Frequency among Utah Teens following the Passage of Utah Senate Bill 41: An Analysis of the Effects of Youth-Access Restriction Laws on Tanning Behaviors

    OpenAIRE

    Simmons, Rebecca G.; Smith, Kristi; Balough, Meghan; Friedrichs, Michael

    2014-01-01

    Introduction. Adolescent use of indoor tanning facilities is associated with an increased risk in later development of melanoma skin cancers. States that have imposed age restrictions on access to indoor tanning generally show lower self-reported rates of indoor tanning than states with no restrictions, but currently no studies have assessed indoor tanning use before and after such restrictions. Methods. In 2013, we compared self-reported indoor tanning data collected in the Prevention Needs ...

  6. Implications of Lessons Learned From Tobacco Control for Tanning Bed Reform

    OpenAIRE

    Sinclair, Craig; Makin, Jennifer K.

    2013-01-01

    Tanning beds used according to the manufacturer?s instructions expose the user to health risks, including melanoma and other skin cancers. Applying the MPOWER model (monitor, protect, offer alternatives, warn, enforce, and raise taxes), which has been used in tobacco control, to tanning bed reform could reduce the number of people at risk of diseases associated with tanning bed use. Among the tactics available to government are restricting the use of tanning beds by people under age 18 and th...

  7. A Topical Solution to the Sunless Tanning Problem.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Michael, Helen T; Merlino, Glenn

    2017-09-01

    Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and is strongly associated with UV exposure and skin pigmentation. Recent advances in pharmacologic non-UV tanning methods open the possibility of preventing melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer, especially in people who do not tan in the sun. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  8. Acculturation, Skin Tone Preferences, and Tanning Behaviours Among Young Adult Asian Australians.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Day, Ashley K; Wilson, Carlene J; Hutchinson, Amanda D; Roberts, Rachel M

    2016-10-01

    Australia has a significant proportion of residents of Asian heritage. Although the incidence of skin cancer is lower in those of Asian heritage than Caucasians, their prognosis is often worse. Sociocultural variables are central to the tanning behaviours of individuals from Western cultures. We examined the role of sociocultural variables in the tanning behaviours (outdoor tanning, indoor/solarium and fake tan use) among Asian Australians. A sample of 399 young adults identifying either as a person of Asian heritage or as Asian Australian participated in an online survey. Our results suggest that Asian Australians are at risk of skin cancer; over 35 % of the sample reported engaging in outdoor tanning and over 10 % in solarium tanning. After controlling for demographic factors and skin cancer knowledge, preferring a darker skin tone and being acculturated to Australia were significantly associated with tanning behaviour. Participants' low levels of skin cancer knowledge are of concern, and possibilities for improving knowledge levels in this group are considered. Further, we recommended that future research studies investigate sociocultural and appearance-related beliefs associated with tanning behaviours in this population, in order to determine best avenues for intervention.

  9. Counseling on Sun Protection and Indoor Tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balk, Sophie J; Gottschlich, Elizabeth A; Holman, Dawn M; Watson, Meg

    2017-12-01

    The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends clinical counseling for individuals ages 10 to 24 years to decrease skin cancer risk. A national, random sample of US American Academy of Pediatrics members practicing primary care in 2002 (response rate 55%) and 2015 (response rate 43%). Surveys explored attitudes and experiences regarding sun protection counseling; indoor tanning questions were added in 2015. χ 2 tests compared demographics and counseling responses across years, and multivariable logistic regression models examined counseling predictors. More pediatricians in 2015 (34%) than in 2002 (23%) reported discussing sun protection during recent summer months with ≥75% of patients. This pattern held across all patient age groups (each P tanning at least once with 10 to 13 year-old patients; approximately half discussed this with older adolescents. Most (70%) did not know if their states had laws on minors' indoor tanning access; those stating they knew whether a law existed counseled more. Although improved, sun protection counseling rates remain low. Indoor tanning counseling can be improved. Because early-life exposure to UV radiation increases risk and clinician counseling can positively impact prevention behaviors, pediatricians have an important role in skin cancer prevention; counseling may save lives. Time constraints remain a barrier. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  10. ON THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT TANNED BOVINE LEATHERS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    VARGANICI Cristian-Dragoş

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Leather is one of the most globally spread biomaterial which is obtained by the processing of different animal skins. It encompasses a wide palette of applications, from footwear and clothing to upholsteries and different types of furniture [1], [2], [3]. The main constituent of animal skins is collagen, a supramolecular fibrillar protein in the form of a triple helix. This form endows leather with elasticity, good mechanical properties and softness. A major disadvantage resides in the inapplicability of raw animal hides, due to their microbiological instability and decay through rotting. Microbiological stability is obtained through the tanning process, characterized by protein crosslinking and drying afterwards. After tanning the leather exhibits the required properties for the desired specific applications in terms of aspect, availability and sustainability [4], [5]. The study aims to elucidate the thermal decomposition process of chrome-free tanned bovine hide (wet-white using a new product based on titanium and aluminium salts compared with the same hide tanned by chromium salts (wet-blue. The thermal behavior was studied by dynamic thermogravimetry in nitrogen atmosphere, up to 700 oC. A comparative thermal decomposition study between the different tanned bovine leathers was undertaken.

  11. Addiction to indoor tanning: relation to anxiety, depression, and substance use.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mosher, Catherine E; Danoff-Burg, Sharon

    2010-04-01

    To assess the prevalence of addiction to indoor tanning among college students and its association with substance use and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Two written measures, the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) Questionnaire, used to screen for alcoholism, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for substance-related disorders, were modified to evaluate study participants for addiction to indoor tanning. Standardized self-report measures of anxiety, depression, and substance use also were administered. A large university (approximately 18 000 students) in the northeastern United States. A total of 421 college students were recruited from September through December 2006. Self-reported addiction to indoor tanning, substance use, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Among 229 study participants who had used indoor tanning facilities, 90 (39.3%) met DSM-IV-TR criteria and 70 (30.6%) met CAGE criteria for addiction to indoor tanning. Students who met DSM-IV-TR and CAGE criteria for addiction to indoor tanning reported greater symptoms of anxiety and greater use of alcohol, marijuana, and other substances than those who did not meet these criteria. Depressive symptoms did not significantly vary by indoor tanning addiction status. Findings suggest that interventions to reduce skin cancer risk should address the addictive qualities of indoor tanning for a minority of individuals and the relationship of this behavior to other addictions and affective disturbance.

  12. Indoor Tanning, Skin Cancer and the Young Female Patient: A Review of the Literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friedman, Blake; English, Joseph C; Ferris, Laura K

    2015-08-01

    Young, non-Hispanic white females represent the population most likely to use indoor tanning facilities. This population may be at increased risk of skin cancer as recent meta-analyses support a strong association between cutaneous malignancy and indoor tanning. Public perception of the purported health benefits of indoor tanning may be partially to blame for the popularity of tanning salons as a desire to prepare skin prior to sun exposure is among the most commonly cited motivations for indoor tanning. Improving education and counseling to address misconceptions regarding tanning safety will require the participation of healthcare providers for both physical and psychological screenings as well as for information dissemination. This review presents the association between tanning bed use and skin cancer, biological effects of UV radiation exposure, UV burden associated with tanning devices, public perception of tanning, demographic and psychological profile of indoor tanners, and current legislation regulating tanning bed use. Copyright © 2015 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Los abordajes terapéuticos propioceptivos efectivos en esguince del ligamento lateral externo de tobillo en deportistas.

    OpenAIRE

    Enachescu, Florentin Marius

    2014-01-01

    Pregunta de revisión: ¿Que abordajes terapéuticos propioceptivos son efectivos en la recuperación de un esguince de tobillo en deportistas? Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar los abordajes terapéuticos propioceptivos en un esguince del ligamento lateral externo de tobillo, aplicados en deportistas. Metodología: Consiste en una revisión bibliográfica de las principales fuentes y bases de datos biomédicas: Pubmed, Embase, PEDro, The Cochrane Library y Cinahl....

  14. EVA Y CVA COMO MEDIDAS DE LA CREACIÓN DE VALOR EN UN NEGOCIO UNA INTRODUCCIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary Vera Colina

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available Durante mucho tiempo, al hacer referencia al análisis empresarial se le otorgaba la mayor importancia a los indicadores de tipo financiero: ¿Cuánta utilidad genera la empresa?, ¿cuál es el comportamiento de los costos? ¿cómo están los niveles de liquidez, los niveles de endeudamiento, la rotación de cuentas de activo y de pasivo? y cantidad de preguntas como las anteriores que requerían una respuesta. Las respuestas se multiplicaron día tras día, dando origen a un sinnúmero de indicadores que trataban de orientar el diagnóstico de la situación de la empresa, pero que en lugar de contribuir a un análisis completo lo que se provoca es gran complejidad al momento de emitir una conclusión sobre cual es el estado de la organización, y genera una enorme confusión al intentar definir la importancia de los objetivos a alcanzar. Actualmente, el gerente requiere contar con medidas que le permitan diseñar objetivos más sencillos y verificar su cumplimiento de una manera no tan compleja y más evidente. Ante esta creciente necesidad, en los últimos años somos testigos del surgimiento (y resurgimiento algunas veces de indicadores de gestión que tratan de concentrarse en lo que podemos llamar las áreas más críticas del negocio, de tal forma que le permitan al gerente enfocarse en pocas mediciones para saber si sus acciones tienen o no el efecto esperado. Este artículo persigue la finalidad de explicar y comentar aspectos relacionados con 2 de estos indicadores de planificación y gestión: el Valor Económico Agregado (EVA y el Valor del Flujo de Efectivo Agregado (CVA, dentro del marco de la Gerencia Basada en Valor; a cada uno de ellos se les dará un tratamiento introductorio, de tal forma que la información presentada sea de utilidad tanto para lectores que se inician en este estudio como para los que tienen mayor dominio del tema.

  15. Removal of Chromium from Waste Water of Tanning Industry Using Bentonite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abbasi, S.; Wahba, H.; AL-Masri, M.S.

    2009-01-01

    Tanning industry is considered as one of the oldest industries in the world, which produces solid and liquid wastes, where the Chromium-containing liquid wastes are considered to be as the main liquid pollutant to the environment. In this research, a new method is applied to remove the chromium from the industrial water wastes, which are produced by tanning industry using the Aleppo Bentonite.The experiments on laboratory- prepared samples and collected samples from some tanning factories in Damascus have proved that chromium removal from tanning waste water is very effective for solution of 85-98 %. Moreover, the optimal conditions for the treatment process of tanning waste water by Aleppo Bentonite have determined and found to be (pH=4, Bentonite concentration = 20 g l -1 when chromium concentration is 0.8 g l -1 , solution temperature = 30 degree centigrade, and Bentonite particle size < 90 μm). However, the proposed method can be considered to be an environmental solution for the treatment of tanning industrial wastes in Syria. (author)

  16. The Relationships Between Female Adolescents' Media Use, Indoor Tanning Outcome Expectations, and Behavioral Intentions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Myrick, Jessica Gall; Noar, Seth M; Kelley, Dannielle; Zeitany, Alexandra E

    2017-06-01

    Unlike other types of cancer, skin cancer incidence rates are on the rise and adolescent females are particularly likely to tan indoors, a major risk factor. However, little research has examined the role of media use in encouraging or discouraging this dangerous behavior in this population. To empirically assess the links between media use, indoor tanning-related outcome expectations, and behavioral intentions. A survey of adolescent females ( N = 510) ages 15 to 18 in the Southeastern United States assessed demographics, types of media use, and indoor tanning intentions. Significant correlations between media use and indoor tanning outcome expectations were found. Use of interpersonal and social media (i.e., talking on the phone, texting, and online social media) were positively associated with positive outcome expectations about indoor tanning and negatively associated with negative outcome expectations. A path analysis revealed that interpersonal/social media use had indirect associations with indoor tanning intentions via tanning outcome expectations. Mass media use (e.g., news media, entertainment media, and magazines) was not significantly associated with most indoor tanning outcome expectations but did have a direct negative association with behavioral intentions. There are important relationships between media use, indoor tanning outcome expectations, and behavioral intentions. Interpersonal and social media use may help cultivate outcome expectations that encourage indoor tanning, which in turn may increase intentions to tan, while news media consumption in particular may reduce intentions to tan. These findings highlight the social nature of adolescent females and point to specific intervention channels for reducing indoor tanning among this population.

  17. Tan's distributions and Fermi-Huang pseudopotential in momentum space

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Valiente, Manuel

    2012-01-01

    form of the Fourier-transformed pseudopotential remains very simple. Operator forms for the so-called Tan's selectors, which, together with Fermi-Huang pseudopotential, largely simplify the derivation of Tan's universal relations for the Fermi gas, are here derived and are also very simple. A momentum...

  18. Improvement of exhaustion and fixation of chrome tan by hydroxy organic acids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nashy, E.H.A.; Khedr, M.H.; EL-Sayed, N.H.

    2005-01-01

    Chrome tan is the most important tanning agent in the tanning industry, but it causes extreme pollution due to the incomplete exhaustion of the serious chrome cations in tanning bath. The exhaustion and fixation of chrome tan were improved in this study through treatment of delimed hide with three carboxylic acids named citric, malic and tartaric acids before exposure to tanning process. The process was optimized taking into the account the shaking rate, chrome concentration (%), initial ph, acids concentration, and temperature and contact time. The optimum conditions for exhaustion, fixation, shrinkage temperature as well as skin quality showed that agitation rate of 150 rpm, chrome concentration of 16%, initial ph of 8.5, acid concentration of 3% tartaric acid, temperature of 35 degree C and contact time of 24 hr.The best results obtained are 88% exhaustion, 88.32% fixation and 106 degree C shrinkage temperature in aqueous medium

  19. Compliance with indoor tanning bans for minors among businesses in the USA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choy, Courtney C; Cartmel, Brenda; Clare, Rachel A; Ferrucci, Leah M

    2017-12-01

    Indoor tanning is a known risk factor for skin cancer and is especially dangerous for adolescents. Some states have passed indoor tanning bans for minors, but business compliance with the bans is not well understood. Thus far, studies have assessed ban compliance in one or two states at a time. This study aimed to assess compliance with indoor tanning bans for minors and knowledge of dangers and benefits of tanning among indoor tanning businesses. Female research assistants posing as minors telephoned a convenience sample of 412 businesses in 14 states with tanning bans for minors under age 17 or 18. We evaluated differences in compliance by census region and years since ban was implemented and differences in reported dangers and benefits by compliance. Most (80.1%) businesses told the "minor" caller she could not use the tanning facilities. Businesses in the south and in states with more recent bans were less compliant. Among those (n = 368) that completed the full interview, 52.2% identified burning and 20.1% mentioned skin cancer as potential dangers. However, 21.7% said dangers were no worse than the sun and 10.3% denied any dangers. Stated benefits included vitamin D (27.7%), social/cosmetic (27.2%), and treats skin diseases (26.4%), with only 4.9% reporting no benefits. While most businesses followed the indoor tanning ban when a minor called, one-fifth did not. Many stated inaccurate health claims. Additional enforcement or education might increase compliance with indoor tanning bans and action is needed to prevent businesses from stating false health information.

  20. Changes in sunburn and tanning attitudes among lifeguards over a summer season.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hiemstra, Marieke; Glanz, Karen; Nehl, Eric

    2012-03-01

    Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. Lifeguards are at increased risk of excessive sun exposure and sunburn. We sought to examine changes in: (1) sunburn frequency over a summer while controlling for sun exposure, sun protection habits, and participation in a skin cancer prevention program; and (2) tanning attitudes while controlling for participation in the program. Participants in this study were lifeguards (n = 3014) at swimming pools participating in the Pool Cool program in 2005. Lifeguards completed surveys at the beginning and end of the summer. Sequential regression analyses were used to assess changes in sunburn frequency and tanning attitudes. Sunburn frequency decreased between baseline and follow-up. Having a sunburn over the summer was significantly predicted by baseline sunburn history, ethnicity, skin cancer risk, and sun exposure. The tanning attitude, "People are more attractive if they have a tan," was significantly predicted from baseline tanning attitude and ethnicity. The second tanning attitude, "It helps to have a good base suntan," was significantly predicted by baseline tanning attitude, ethnicity, basic/enhanced group, and moderate skin cancer risk. Self-reported data and limited generalizability to lifeguards at other outdoor pools are limitations. The findings showed that previous sunburn history is an important predictor of sunburn prospectively. In addition, a more risky tanning attitude is an important predictor of future attitudes toward tanning. Active involvement in targeted prevention programs may help to increase preventive behavior and health risk reduction. Copyright © 2010 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Risky business: Behaviors associated with indoor tanning in US high school students.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, Stephanie; Ashack, Kurt; Bell, Eric; Sendelweck, Myra Ann; Dellavalle, Robert

    2017-09-15

    Understanding of associations between indoor tanning and risky health related behaviors such as sexual activity and substance abuse among high school students across the United States is incomplete. To identify risky health related behaviors among high school students utilizing indoor tanning and analyze differences between state specific data. Results from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2013 in 14 different states were analyzed. Participants were 90,414 high school students. Responses to questions assessing indoor tanning habits, sexual activity, and use of substances were analyzed. Sexual activity was associated with indoor tanning in 10 of 14 states, with Nebraska having the strongest association (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.4-6.2; p<0.001). Indoor tanning was also associated with use of alcohol, marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine, prescription medications, and cigarettes. Only 15 states asked students about their personal history of indoor tanning use, and Minnesota was excluded from our analysis as they administered a non-YRBS questionnaire. Additionally, our study only analyzed results from the 2013 YRBS. Lastly, our data was analyzed in 14 individual data sets, giving a high likelihood of Type 1 error. High school students utilizing indoor tanning are more likely to engage in sexual activity and substance abuse as compared to students who do not utilize indoor tanning.

  2. Exposure to the 'Dark Side of Tanning' skin cancer prevention mass media campaign and its association with tanning attitudes in New South Wales, Australia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perez, Donna; Kite, James; Dunlop, Sally M; Cust, Anne E; Goumas, Chris; Cotter, Trish; Walsberger, Scott C; Dessaix, Anita; Bauman, Adrian

    2015-04-01

    Melanoma is the most common cancer among 15- to 29-year-olds in Australia, with rates increasing with age. The 'Dark Side of Tanning' (DSOT) mass media campaign was developed in 2007 to influence attitudes related to tanning. This study aimed to assess recall and impact of the DSOT campaign. Data were collected using online surveys of 13- to 44-year-olds living in New South Wales in the summer months of 2007-2010 (n = 7490). Regression models were used to determine predictors of recall of DSOT and to investigate associations between exposure to the campaign and tanning attitudes. The campaign achieved consistently high recall (unprompted recall 42-53% during campaign periods; prompted recall 76-84%). Those who recalled DSOT advertisements had a higher likelihood of reporting negative tanning attitudes compared with those who reported no recall, after adjusting for other factors (odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.27 for unprompted recall; OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.03-1.36 for prompted recall). Being interviewed in later campaign years was also a significant predictor of negative tanning attitudes (e.g. fourth year of campaign versus first year: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.53). These results suggest that mass media campaigns have potential to influence tanning-related attitudes and could play an important role in skin cancer prevention. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  3. Reseña de "Reflexiones en torno al libro Pobreza extrema en México, evaluación microsociológica"

    OpenAIRE

    Mónica Vela Cuevas

    2007-01-01

    Los investigadores sociales del mundo han mostrado en las últimas décadas un especial interés por el tema de la pobreza. Esto responde sin duda, a la urgencia de entender y de encontrar mecanismos efectivos de solución a este fenómeno social tan complejo, tan extendido en nuestras sociedades y que tantos estragos causa en las comunidades, las familias y las personas que lo padecen. Dado que la pobreza no es un ente abstracto sino una situación de vida concreta, que degrada, ...

  4. Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (bactris gasipaes kunth

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Arroyo

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth. Se presenta un estudio de alternativas no tradicionales, para el control del ataque fungoso a las semillas de pejibaye durante el proceso de germinación. Se evaluó el efecto de 13 agentes protectores: Vitavax + Benomil, Bayletón, NaCl, Cloro, Kilol, Alcohol, H2O2, Aserrín, H2O, Gasolina, Diesel, Kerosene y Chile picante. De las sustancias probadas, la inmersión en kerosene y gasolina, mostraron un comportamiento tan efectivo como los fungicidas triadimefom (Bayletón y la mezcla de carboxin + benomyl. Esto debido al efecto fungicida y su posterior evaporación, no interfiriendo con la respiración, como fue el caso del aceite diesel. Se encontró además que el peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2, tuvo un efecto acelerador de la germinación, pero no actuó como buen fungicida. El kilol, mostró un efecto fungicida prometedor a concentración superior a los 10 cc/l de agua

  5. [Superbrown beauty : The surface of tanorexia and tanning dependence].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Harth, W

    2017-12-01

    Brown skin symbolizes fitness, health, youthfulness and beauty, combined with leisure, activity, and joy of life in the Central European culture. Tanorexia is a tanning dependence that describes the morbid excessive desire for constant skin tanning. Particularly young women are affected. This article shows the underlying psychodermatological disorders.

  6. Current versus ideal skin tones and tanning behaviors in Caucasian college women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hemrich, Ashley; Pawlow, Laura; Pomerantz, Andrew; Segrist, Dan

    2014-01-01

    To explore tanning behaviors and whether a discrepancy between current and ideal skin tones exists. The sample included 78 Caucasian women from a mid-sized midwestern university. Data were collected in spring 2012 via a paper questionnaire. Sixty-two percent of the sample regularly engaged in salon tanning at least once per week, with an average frequency of 2.5 visits per week. Thirteen percent endorsed regularly tanning 4 or more times per week, and 26% reported visiting a tanning bed more than once in a 24-hour period. Ninety-four percent wished their current skin tone was darker, and ideal tone was significantly darker than current tone. The data suggest that the young Caucasian women in this sample tend to be dissatisfied with their current skin tone to an extent that leads the majority of them to engage in risky, potentially cancer-causing behavior by either salon tanning or considering tanning in the future as time and finances become available.

  7. Mood changes after indoor tanning among college women: associations with psychiatric/addictive symptoms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolyn Heckman

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Indoor tanning (IT has been linked with psychiatric and addictive symptoms, and frequent tanning may indicate tanning dependence (addiction. The current study evaluated the effects of an IT episode on mood states and the association of these effects with psychiatric and addictive symptoms among young adult female indoor tanners. One-hundred thirty-nine female university students aged 18-25 years who had indoor tanned completed an online survey including the Positive and Negative Affects Scales and a standardized psychiatric interview (the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview via telephone. Psychiatric and addictive symptoms were relatively common among these young adult female indoor tanners. Overall, participants reported significant decreases in both negative (upset, scared, irritable, nervous, jittery, afraid and positive (feeling interested mood states after their most recent tanning episode. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that more frequent indoor tanning in the past month and symptoms of illicit drug use disorders were associated with decreases in negative mood, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder were associated with a decrease in feeling interested. In summary, indoor tanners report relatively high rates of psychiatric and substance use symptoms, including symptoms of tanning dependence, and indoor tanning appears to alter mood. Women with certain substance use and psychiatric characteristics may be more vulnerable to such mood changes after tanning indoors. Further research is needed to clarify the relationships among these variables.

  8. La gestión del capital de trabajo como proceso de la gestión financiera operativa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Selpa Navarro, Ambar Yudith

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available a Gestión Financiera Operativa, es capaz de realizar la adecuada gestión del efectivo disponible, establecer los términos de crédito a conceder a los clientes que constituyan un estímulo y ello beneficie las ventas, definir adecuadamente el financiamiento corriente que minimice los costos y el manejo de los inventarios que reduzcan los costos asociados con estos y contribuya y facilite la toma de decisiones para lograr, de este modo, estabilidad o mejora en el tratamiento de los términos relacionados con el binomio rentabilidad y riesgo. La investigación se ha basado en los fundamentos teóricos relacionados con gestión, gestión por procesos y la Gestión del Capital de Trabajo, para plantear como objetivo general: Definir la Gestión del Capital de Trabajo como un proceso.

  9. College tanning behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions: A systematic review of the literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gambla, William C; Fernandez, Alyssa M; Gassman, Natalie R; Tan, Marcus C B; Daniel, Casey L

    2017-12-01

    Despite well-established links between exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer, UVR-based tanning behaviors persist among college students. Understanding tanning motivations, perceptions, barriers, and demographic characteristics of this population is critical to modifying these behaviors, but is limited by variability in study design, sample size, and outcomes measured in the current literature. To help clarify the tanning behaviors of this population and provide a concise reference for future studies, this review examines existing reports to determine the comparability of tanning behaviors across multiple U.S. college populations. A systematic review of the literature was performed in July 2016 to identify studies investigating tanning behaviors among U.S. college students. Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria. High rates of indoor tanning (IT) and outdoor tanning (OT) were found among college students. Key motivators included appearance, emotion, health perceptions, and the influence of parents, peers, and the media. Misconceptions regarding skin protection, low rates of sun protective behaviors, and tanning dependence were barriers against safe UVR exposure. Understudied demographic factors may account for variance in observed tanning behaviors, emphasizing the need for standardization efforts to consistently identify trends associated with geographical region, age, year in college, and sex. The findings presented in this review reaffirm that college students are at high risk for tanning-associated skin cancer, emphasizing the critical need for effective, targeted interventions. Improved interventions will reduce the burden of skin cancer within this group, ultimately contributing to longer, healthier lives. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. El turismo social como política estatal en Sudamérica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erica Schenkel

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El acceso a las prácticas de ocio forma parte de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, aun existen amplios sectores sociales que tienen velado su acceso. Esta exclusión se manifiesta especialmente en regiones con altos índices de desigualdad, como América Latina. La modalidad turística que intenta dar respuesta a esta problemática es el turismo social, que surge para coadyuvar a que ciertos colectivos vulnerables logren hacer efectivo su derecho a las vacaciones. Conforme a lo descrito, la investigación pretende analizar las políticas de turismo social impulsadas por gobiernos sudamericanos, destinadas a ofrecer vacaciones a aquellos grupos vulnerables. El estudio describe un primer análisis de situación y esboza una serie de propuestas optimizadoras.

  11. Los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales como derechos subjetivos: una visión estructural. Con comentarios de Christian Courtis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Felipe Riveros Pardo

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales ha evolucionado a largo del tiempo en la jurisprudencia constitucional; así, han pasado de ser derechos fundamentales por conexidad a ser reconocidos como verdaderos derechos fundamentales. No obstante este reconocimiento, siguen existiendo suficientes obstáculos como para considerar, por parte del Tribunal Constitucional, que estos derechos son merecedores de una protección judicial reforzada por vía de la tutela. Este artículo cuestiona la posición esgrimida por la Corte Constitucional y analiza, desde el punto de vista dogmático y teórico, las deficiencias de esta elaboración jurisprudencial, así como cada uno de los elementos que componen la dimensión subjetiva de los derechos sociales, para concluir que no es posible desligar el carácter de fundamental de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, y los mecanismos que estos requieren para su efectivo cumplimiento.

  12. Relevancia valorativa del resultado global y sus Componentes frente al resultado neto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núria Arimany Serrat

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objeto verificar si el resultado global presenta mayor relevancia valorativa respecto al resultado tradicional, y si es así cuáles son los componentes del resultado global que explican las diferencias. El estudio muestra que el resultado global es una variable relevante tanto para explicar el valor intrínseco de la empresa como para explicar su rentabilidad. Sin embargo, sólo al explicar la rentabilidad el resultado global y su incremento aumentan la relevancia valorativa del resultado neto y su incremento. De los componentes analizados del resultado global, tan sólo los resultados por diferencias de conversión de la moneda extranjera a la moneda de presentación añaden poder explicativo adicional al del resultado neto, aunque sólo en los modelos de rentabilidad. Ni los resultados por valoración de instrumentos financieros a valor razonable con cambios en patrimonio ni los resultados por coberturas de flujos de efectivo aportan un mayor poder explicativo al del resultado neto.

  13. Youth access to indoor tanning salons in urban versus rural/suburban communities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nahar, Vinayak K; Rosenthal, Meagen; Lemon, Stephenie C; Kane, Kevin; Cheng, Jie; Oleski, Jessica L; Li, Wenjun; Hillhouse, Joel J; Pagoto, Sherry L

    2018-03-01

    Research suggests that youth proximity to tanning salons may promote use; however, little is known about tanning salon proximity to schools. We assessed the proximity of tanning salons to schools in urban versus rural/suburban communities across Worcester County, Massachusetts (population > 800K). To put findings in context, we compared school proximity to tanning salons to school proximity to McDonald's restaurants, a large franchise that also caters to young people. Accessibility was measured by ArcGIS 10.2 Network Analyzer (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) and the most current road network data layer from Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). A total of 145 schools were observed in the study area, of which about 39% of schools were within 1 mile from a tanning salon. Urban schools (53.41%) had a higher proportion within 1 mile of a tanning salon than rural/suburban schools (17.54%; P < .001). More schools (39.31%) were within 1 mile of a tanning salon than schools within 1 mile of a McDonald's (22.70%; P < .001). Schools may be particularly impactful for implementing skin cancer prevention programing. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  14. LA EXCEPCIÓN PRELIMINAR: FALTA DE COMPETENCIA DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA ¿UN MECANISMO EFECTIVO DE DEFENSA ESTATAL?

    OpenAIRE

    Andrés González Serrano

    2011-01-01

    El presente artículo demostrará que la excepción preliminar "falta de competencia en razón a la materia", sí es un mecanismo de defensa estatal efectivo. Sin embargo, también se podrá evidenciar que este mecanismo se ha tornado ineficaz debido que los agentes estatales de los diferentes Estados Parte de la Convención, son quienes han restado importancia a la excepción, al interponerla de forma no adecuada ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.

  15. COEFICIENTE DE ENDOGAMIA DEL MUESTREO COMBINADO PARA LA REGENERACIÓN DE RECURSOS FITOGENÉTICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Sahagún-Castellanos

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Para la regeneración de recursos fitogenéticos de especies monoicas, ciertos cruzamientos artificiales producen tamaños efectivos de población deseables, pero el costo es alto. Para evitar este costo, en lugar de tales cruzamientos se puede usar el apareamiento aleatorio de los individuos de la muestra obtenida completamente al azar, como en la población ideal (PI, o bien de los individuos de una muestra formada en dos etapas (PIDE por los m elementos tomados al azar de cada una de n familias aleatorias de la población sujeta a regeneración. Adicionalmente, el concepto de tamaño efectivo de población como una medida de la eficiencia de las estrategias de muestreo y apareamiento de los individuos de la muestra para regenerar una población no es tan conocido como el coeficiente de endogamia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el coeficiente de endogamia del segundo ciclo de regeneración de PIDE (F2,E. La derivación se basó en el cálculo de la contribución a este coeficiente de cada una de seis fuentes, que ya se manifiestan en este ciclo, con base en un enfoque probabilístico aplicado al concepto de identidad por descendencia de dos genes. Se encontró que PIDE reduce F2,E a medida que m es más pequeño, y alcanza su valor más bajo cuando m = 1 y sólo cuando m = 1 y n > 1 es menor que el de PI. Esto implica que para un tamaño de muestra x, para efectos de regeneración de una población lo mejor es tomar una semilla de cada una de x familias.

  16. Association of Socioeconomic and Geographic Factors With Google Trends for Tanning and Sunscreen.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seth, Divya; Gittleman, Haley; Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill; Bordeaux, Jeremy S

    2018-02-01

    Internet search trends are used to track both infectious diseases and noncommunicable conditions. The authors sought to characterize Google Trends search volume index (SVI) for the terms "sunscreen" and tanning ("tanning salon" and "tanning bed") in the United States from 2010 to 2015 and analyze association with educational attainment, average income, and percent white data by state. SVI is search frequency data relative to total search volume. Analysis of variance, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess seasonal variations in SVI and the association of state-level SVI with state latitudes and census data. Hawaii had the highest SVI for sunscreen searches, whereas Alaska had the lowest. West Virginia had the highest SVI for tanning searches, whereas Hawaii had the lowest. There were significant differences between seasonal SVI for sunscreen and tanning searches (p Tanning SVI was correlated with a decrease in educational attainment and average income, and an increase in latitude (p tanning are influenced by socioeconomic factors, and could be a tool for skin-related public health.

  17. The potential carcinogenic risk of tanning beds: clinical guidelines and patient safety advice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mogensen, Mette; Jemec, Gregor BE

    2010-01-01

    In 2009, the WHO listed ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a group 1 carcinogen. In spite of this, each year, millions of people tan indoor in Western countries. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence of tanning bed carcinogenesis and to present guidelines for use of tanning beds and patient safety advice. A narrative review of the literature was conducted based on both PubMed and Medline searches and on literature review of the retrieved papers. Use of indoor tanning beds represents a significant and avoidable risk factor for the development of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Frequent tanners are more often adolescent females. Tanning beds have additional potential adverse effects such as burns, solar skin damage, infection, and possibly also addictive behavior. The effort in preventing UV light-induced carcinogenesis should currently be aimed at developing new strategies for public health information. Tanning beds are one preventable source of UV radiation. In the majority of people solar UV radiation continues to be the major factor and therefore anti-tanning campaigns must always include sunbathers

  18. Thermal stability of TaN Schottky contacts on n-GaN

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hayes, J.R.; Kim, D-W.; Meidia, H.; Mahajan, S

    2003-02-07

    The thermal stability and electrical characteristics of tantalum-nitrogen alloy Schottky contacts on n-GaN were investigated. Non-stoichiometric {delta}-phase (40 atomic percent nitrogen) tantalum nitride contacts exhibited good electrical properties up to an annealing temperature of 600 deg. C. However, they degrade rapidly above this temperature due to outward diffusion of Ga and presumably nitrogen into the {delta}-phase tantalum nitride. It is surmised that excess Ta reacts with N at the GaN surface, freeing Ga which then diffuses into the TaN layer. Stoichiometric TaN Schottky contacts were stable at temperatures as high as 800 deg. C and had far superior electrical performance. This stems from the thermodynamic stability of the stoichiometric TaN/GaN interface. {delta}-phase TaN had I-V and C-V barrier heights of 0.55 eV and 0.8 eV respectively. On the other hand, TaN had an I-V barrier height near 0.7 eV and a C-V barrier height near 1.2 eV. The ideality factors for both {delta}-phase TaN and TaN were above 1.8 at all annealing temperatures, suggesting tunneling contributes significantly to current transport.

  19. An in vivo evaluation of surface polishing of TAN intermedullary nails for ease of removal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JS Hayes

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Fractures of the tibia and femoral diaphysis are commonly repaired by intra-medullary (IM nailing. Currently IM nails are available in either electropolished stainless steel (SS or in Titanium-Aluminium-Niobium (TAN. After healing, removal of the nails still is common but removal of TAN IM nails often has complications whereas SS IM nails of the same design are less often associated with problems. We believe the differences in removal are due to the ability of TAN to promote strong bone on-growth. We have previously shown in vivo that polishing cortical screws reduces removal torque and the percentage of bone-implant contact. Therefore, we postulate that bony on-growth onto IM nails can be reduced by means of surface polishing, for ease of removal. Here we aim to compare the pull-out forces for removal of standard TAN (TAN-S compared to experimental paste polished TAN (TAN-PP IM nails from a bilateral non-fracture sheep tibia model after 12 months implantation. Histological analysis was also performed to assess tissue on-growth to the nails. We show that polishing significantly reduces (p=0.05 the extraction force required for TAN IM nail removal. This effect in part is attributable to the distinct tissue-material reaction produced. For TAN-S nails direct bone contact was observed while for TAN-PP nails a fibrous tissue interface was noted. Since TAN is preferred over SS for IM nailing due to superior biocompatibility and mechanical properties, we believe these findings could be used to recommend changes to current surface technologies of intramedullary nails to reduce complications seen with nail removal especially in rapidly growing bone in children.

  20. A survey of attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding tanning bed use, sunbathing, and sunscreen use.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mawn, V B; Fleischer, A B

    1993-12-01

    Although cosmetic tanning and unprotected solar exposure are common, little is known about general attitudes, beliefs, and behavior regarding sunbathing, sunscreen use, and tanning salon use. We sought to determine the frequency of UV exposure in a select sample and to assess the knowledge and beliefs of the effects of UV irradiation. A written, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 477 persons in a shopping mall, at a social gathering, and on a vacation cruise ship. The instrument explored demographic information, sunscreen use, sunbathing habits, tanning bed use, and cutaneous solar effects. Forty-two percent of respondents seldom or never used sunscreen, and 33% sunbathed at least once a week. Although the three sample populations differed in education, sunbathing habits, sunscreen use, and tanning bed use, they were equally informed about UV light hazards. Compared with those who had not used tanning beds, tanning bed users were more likely to be female and more knowledgeable about the long-term effects of UV. Tanning beds were most commonly used in tanning or hair salons, (mean 23 +/- 7 minutes at 2.3 +/- 1.1 times per week). Reported positive psychologic sequelae from tanning bed use were more common than negative physical sequelae. At least 10% would continue to use tanning beds if these were proved to cause skin cancer. In this select sample, sunbathing and tanning bed use were common. No group surveyed universally practiced sun protection and avoidance. Clientele of tanning beds may be aware of the damaging effects of the sun, but may not be aware that tanning bed use is associated with skin damage.

  1. Testing a social cognitive theory-based model of indoor tanning: implications for skin cancer prevention messages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noar, Seth M; Myrick, Jessica Gall; Zeitany, Alexandra; Kelley, Dannielle; Morales-Pico, Brenda; Thomas, Nancy E

    2015-01-01

    The lack of a theory-based understanding of indoor tanning is a major impediment to the development of effective messages to prevent or reduce this behavior. This study applied the Comprehensive Indoor Tanning Expectations (CITE) scale in an analysis of indoor tanning behavior among sorority women (total N = 775). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that CITE positive and negative expectations were robust, multidimensional factors and that a hierarchical structure fit the data well. Social cognitive theory-based structural equation models demonstrated that appearance-oriented variables were significantly associated with outcome expectations. Outcome expectations were, in turn, significantly associated with temptations to tan, intention to tan indoors, and indoor tanning behavior. The implications of these findings for the development of messages to prevent and reduce indoor tanning behavior are discussed in two domains: (a) messages that attempt to change broader societal perceptions about tan skin, and (b) messages that focus more narrowly on indoor tanning-challenging positive expectations, enhancing negative expectations, and encouraging substitution of sunless tanning products.

  2. The potential carcinogenic risk of tanning beds: clinical guidelines and patient safety advice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mette Mogensen

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Mette Mogensen1, Gregor BE Jemec21Department of Dermatology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark; 2Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, DenmarkIntroduction: In 2009, the WHO listed ultraviolet (UV radiation as a group 1 carcinogen. In spite of this, each year, millions of people tan indoor in Western countries. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence of tanning bed carcinogenesis and to present guidelines for use of tanning beds and patient safety advice.Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted based on both PubMed and Medline searches and on literature review of the retrieved papers.Results: Use of indoor tanning beds represents a significant and avoidable risk factor for the development of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Frequent tanners are more often adolescent females. Tanning beds have additional potential adverse effects such as burns, solar skin damage, infection, and possibly also addictive behavior.Discussion: The effort in preventing UV light-induced carcinogenesis should currently be aimed at developing new strategies for public health information. Tanning beds are one preventable source of UV radiation. In the majority of people solar UV radiation continues to be the major factor and therefore anti-tanning campaigns must always include sunbathers.Keywords: tanning beds, skin cancers, melanoma, nonmelanoma

  3. Sun-Tanning Perceptions of a New Zealand Urban Population (1994–2005/6

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. I. Reeder

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Sun-tanning perceptions are monitored to identify changes and help refine targeting of skin cancer prevention messages. Aim. To investigate associations between perceptions of sun-tanning and demographic factors among a New Zealand urban population, 1994–2006. Methods. A telephone survey series was conducted during summer in 1994, 1997, 1999/2000, 2002/2003, and 2005/2006. Demographic and personal information (sex, age group, skin sun-sensitivity, and self-defined ethnicity obtained from 6,195 respondents, 50.2% female, 15–69 years, was investigated in relation to six sun-tanning related statements. A total “positive perceptions of tanning” (ProTan score was also calculated. Regression analyses modelled each component and the ProTan score against survey year and respondent characteristics. Results. Statistically significantly higher ProTan scores were found for age group (strong reverse dose-response effect, male sex, residence (highest in Auckland, ethnicity (highest among Europeans, and sun sensitivity (an n-shaped association. There was no statistically significant change in total ProTan scores from baseline. Conclusions. The development, pretesting, and evaluation of messages for those groups most likely to endorse ProTan statements should be considered for the New Zealand skin cancer prevention program. To achieve and embed significant change, mass media campaigns may require greater intensity and reinforcement with sustained contextual support for settings-based behavioural change.

  4. LA EXCEPCIÓN PRELIMINAR: FALTA DE COMPETENCIA DE LA CORTE INTERAMERICANA ¿UN MECANISMO EFECTIVO DE DEFENSA ESTATAL?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés González Serrano

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo demostrará que la excepción preliminar "falta de competencia en razón a la materia", sí es un mecanismo de defensa estatal efectivo. Sin embargo, también se podrá evidenciar que este mecanismo se ha tornado ineficaz debido que los agentes estatales de los diferentes Estados Parte de la Convención, son quienes han restado importancia a la excepción, al interponerla de forma no adecuada ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.

  5. Urna de cristal como canal digital de participación ciudadana en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Edickson Amaya-Rodríguez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se describen se describe la normativa vigente en Colombia referente al gobierno electrónico. Asimismo, se hace referencia las diferentes herramientas utilizadas por la estrategia urna de cristal del gobierno colombiano. Asimismo, se evalúa su alcance en la ciudadanía tanto con los informes publicados por esta estrategia, así como a través de una encuesta realizada en la totalidad de los departamentos del país. Finalmente se proponen unas recomendaciones que pueden ser consideradas en el desarrollo de las actividades del canal seleccionado con el objetivo que se pueda ampliar la cobertura de dicho canal y se pueda tener un efectivo acercamiento de los ciudadanos al gobierno a través de herramientas tecnológicas.

  6. Comparison of advertising strategies between the indoor tanning and tobacco industries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Greenman, Jennifer; Jones, David A

    2010-04-01

    The indoor tanning industry is large and continues to grow, with 2007 domestic sales in excess of $5 billion. Advertising is central to shaping the consumer's perception of indoor tanning as well as driving industry demand. This article aims to identify key drivers of consumer appeal by comparing tanning advertising strategies to those used by tobacco marketers. Tobacco advertising was selected as a reference framework because it is both well documented and designed to promote a product with known health hazards. Two thousand advertisements from 4 large tobacco advertisement databases were analyzed for type of advertisement strategy used, and 4 advertising method categories were devised to incorporate the maximum number of advertisements reviewed. Subsequently, contemporary tanning advertisements were collected from industry magazines and salon websites and evaluated relative to the identified strategy profiles. Both industries have relied on similar advertising strategies, including mitigating health concerns, appealing to a sense of social acceptance, emphasizing psychotropic effects, and targeting specific population segments. This examination is a small observational study, which was conducted without rigorous statistical analysis, and which is limited both by the number of advertisements and by advertising strategies examined. Given the strong parallels between tobacco and tanning advertising methodologies, further consumer education and investigation into the public health risks of indoor tanning is needed. Copyright 2009 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Health behaviours associated with indoor tanning based on the 2012/13 Manitoba Youth Health Survey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Harland

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Introduction: Although indoor tanning causes cancer, it remains relatively common among adolescents. Little is known about indoor tanning prevalence and habits in Canada, and even less about associated behaviours. This study explores the prevalence of adolescent indoor tanning in Manitoba and its association with other demographic characteristics and health behaviours. Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of the 2012/13 Manitoba Youth Health Survey data collected from Grade 7 to 12 students (n = 64 174 and examined associations between indoor tanning (whether participants had ever used artificial tanning equipment and 25 variables. Variables with statistically significant associations to indoor tanning were tested for collinearity and grouped based on strong associations. For each group of highly associated variables, the variable with the greatest effect upon indoor tanning was placed into the final logistic regression model. Separate analyses were conducted for males and females to better understand sex-based differences, and analyses were adjusted for age. Results: Overall, 4% of male and 9% of female students reported indoor tanning, and prevalence increased with age. Relationships between indoor tanning and other variables were similar for male and female students. Binary logistic regression models indicated that several variables significantly predicted indoor tanning, including having part-time work, being physically active, engaging in various risk behaviours such as driving after drinking for males and unplanned sex after alcohol/drugs for females, experiencing someone say something bad about one's body shape/size/appearance, identifying as trans or with another gender, consuming creatine/other supplements and, for females only, never/rarely using sun protection. Conclusion: Indoor tanning among adolescents was associated with age, part-time work, physical activity and many consumption behaviours and lifestyle risk factors. Though

  8. Indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wehner, Mackenzie R; Shive, Melissa L; Chren, Mary-Margaret; Han, Jiali; Qureshi, Abrar A; Linos, Eleni

    2012-10-02

    To synthesise the literature on indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer. Systematic review and meta-analysis. PubMed (1966 to present), Embase (1974 to present), and Web of Science (1898 to present). All articles that reported an original effect statistic for indoor tanning and non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Articles that presented no data, such as review articles and editorials, were excluded, as were articles in languages other than English. Two investigators independently extracted data. Random effects meta-analysis was used to summarise the relative risk of ever use versus never use of indoor tanning. Dose-response effects and exposure to indoor tanning during early life were also examined. The population attributable risk fraction for the United States population was calculated. 12 studies with 9328 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer were included. Among people who reported ever using indoor tanning compared with those who never used indoor tanning, the summary relative risk for squamous cell carcinoma was 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.29 to 2.17) and that for basal cell carcinoma was 1.29 (1.08 to 1.53). No significant heterogeneity existed between studies. The population attributable risk fraction for the United States was estimated to be 8.2% for squamous cell carcinoma and 3.7% for basal cell carcinoma. This corresponds to more than 170 000 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer each year attributable to indoor tanning. On the basis of data from three studies, use of indoor tanning before age 25 was more strongly associated with both squamous cell carcinoma (relative risk 2.02, 0.70 to 5.86) and basal cell carcinoma (1.40, 1.29 to 1.52). Indoor tanning is associated with a significantly increased risk of both basal and squamous cell skin cancer. The risk is higher with use in early life (skin cancer each year in the United States alone and many more worldwide. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the harms of indoor

  9. Action Memorandum for Decommissioning of TAN-607 Hot Shop Area

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    M. A. Pinzel

    2007-05-01

    The Department of Energy is documenting the selection of an alternative for the TAN-607 Hot Shop Area using a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act non-time-critical removal action (NTCRA). The scope of the removal action is limited to TAN-607 Hot Shop Area. An engineering evaluation/cost analysis (EE/CA) has assisted the Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office in identifuomg the most effective method for performing the decommissioning of this structure whose mission has ended. TAN-607 Hot Shop Area is located at Test Area North Technical Support Facility within the Idaho National Laboratory Site. The selected alternative consists of demolishing the TAN-607 aboveground structures and components, removing belowground noninert components (e.g. wood products), and removing the radiologically contaminated debris that does not meet remedial action objectives (RAOs), as defined in the Record of Decision Amendment for the V-Tanks and Explanation of Significant Differences for the PM-2A Tanks at Test Area North, Operable Unit 1-10.

  10. The indoor UV tanning industry: a review of skin cancer risk, health benefit claims, and regulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levine, Jody A; Sorace, Michael; Spencer, James; Siegel, Daniel M

    2005-12-01

    Nearly 30 million people tan indoors in the United States annually, including 2.3 million adolescents. Despite increased evidence on the dangers of artificial UV radiation, the popularity of indoor tanning is growing. We aim to assess the following 3 entities: (1) the association of indoor tanning with skin cancer; (2) statements regarding the health benefits of indoor tanning, especially regarding the production of vitamin D; and (3) current regulation of the tanning industry in the United States. We conducted a narrative review of the literature. Indoor tanning poses great risks. Studies support the role of artificial UV radiation in cutaneous carcinogenesis. Despite claims by the tanning industry, artificial tanning is not a safe or necessary way to increase systemic vitamin D levels. The National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization have acknowledged the risks of indoor tanning. Nonetheless, regulations limiting tanning in the United States are surprisingly sparse. Systematic review of the literature was not performed. Health care providers must increase efforts to warn and educate the public and government about the dangers of UV radiation.

  11. 76 FR 17673 - Bienvenido Tan, M.D.; Denial of Application

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-03-30

    ... (alprazolam) to help him sleep. Id. at 64. R.E. opted to buy the drugs from Respondent's dispensary and... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration [Docket No. 09-12] Bienvenido Tan, M.D... Control, Drug Enforcement Administration, issued an Order to Show Cause to Bienvenido Tan, M.D...

  12. Hipotiroidismo subclínico, ni tan asintomático, ni tan inofensivo Subclinical hypothyroidism neither so asymptomatic nor so harmless

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marelys Yanes Quesada

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available El hipotiroidismo subclínico es la condición definida por la elevación de la hormona estimulante del tiroides, en presencia de secreción de hormonas tiroideas (T3 y T4 normales para el rango de referencia. Sus manifestaciones clínicas no son tan nulas como lo define el término subclínico. Si se hace un correcto interrogatorio y examen clínico se pueden encontrar alteraciones en diversos sistemas y órganos que perjudican la calidad de vida de los pacientes afectos e incrementan su morbimortalidad. Durante el embarazo, la entidad cobra especial atención debido a la repercusión en el feto de la alteración de su desarrollo. En los pacientes ancianos es de vital importancia su diagnóstico, debido al incremento de la prevalencia de la entidad en este grupo y la repercusión sobre la calidad de vida. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar las alteraciones clínicas que se puedan presentar en el hipotiroidismo subclínico, así como en situaciones especiales de la vida (embarazo y senectud.Subclinical hypothyroidism is the condition defined by the raise of thyroid-stimulating hormone in presence of normal thyroid hormone secretion (T3 and T4 for reference rank. Its clinical manifestations are not so nulls as defines the subclinical term. If an appropriate questioning and clinical examination is made it is possible to find alterations in many systems and organs harming the quality of life of patients affected and to increase its morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy this entity acquires a special attention due to repercussion on fetal development alteration. In elderly patients is essential its diagnosis due to entity prevalence increase on this group and the repercussion on quality of life. Aim of present paper is to review the clinical alterations that may be present in subclinical hypothyroidism, as well as in special situations of life (pregnancy and senescence.

  13. Use of tanning beds and incidence of skin cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Mingfeng; Qureshi, Abrar A; Geller, Alan C; Frazier, Lindsay; Hunter, David J; Han, Jiali

    2012-05-10

    We sought to evaluate the risk effect of tanning bed use on skin cancers among teenage and young adults. We also expected to determine whether a dose-response relationship was evident. We observed 73,494 female nurses for 20 years (from 1989 to 2009) in a large and well-characterized cohort in the United States and investigated whether frequency of tanning bed use during high school/college and at ages 25 to 35 years were associated with a risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. We used Cox proportional hazards models and carefully adjusted for host risk factors, ultraviolet index of residence, and sun exposure behaviors at a young age. During follow-up, 5,506 nurses were diagnosed with BCC, 403 with SCC, and 349 with melanoma. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of skin cancer for an incremental increase in use of tanning beds of four times per year during both periods was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.19; P tanning bed use at ages 25 to 35 years, we found a significantly higher risk of BCC for use during high school/college (multivariable-adjusted HR for use more than six times per year compared with no use was 1.73 during high school/college v 1.28 at ages 25 to 35 years; P for heterogeneity tanning bed use and the risk of skin cancers, especially BCC, and the association is stronger for patients with a younger age at exposure.

  14. The sunless study: a beach randomized trial of a skin cancer prevention intervention promoting sunless tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pagoto, Sherry L; Schneider, Kristin L; Oleski, Jessica; Bodenlos, Jamie S; Ma, Yunsheng

    2010-09-01

    To examine the impact of a skin cancer prevention intervention that promoted sunless tanning as a substitute for sunbathing. Randomized controlled trial. Public beaches in Massachusetts. Women (N = 250) were recruited to participate in the study during their visit to a public beach. Intervention The intervention included motivational messages to use sunless tanning as an alternative to UV tanning, instructions for proper use of sunless tanning products, attractive images of women with sunless tans, a free trial of a sunless tanning product, skin cancer education, and UV imaging. The control participants completed surveys. The primary outcome was sunbathing 2 months and 1 year after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included sunburns, sun protection use, and sunless tanning. At 2 months, intervention participants reduced their sunbathing significantly more than did controls and reported significantly fewer sunburns and greater use of protective clothing. At 1 year, intervention participants reported significant decreases in sunbathing and increases in sunless tanning relative to control participants but no differences in the other outcomes. This intervention, which promoted sunless tanning as an alternative to UV tanning, had a short-term effect on sunbathing, sunburns, and use of protective clothing and a longer-term effect on sunbathing and sunless tanning. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00403377.

  15. Green chemistry approaches to leather tanning process for making chrome-free leather by unnatural amino acids

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krishnamoorthy, G.; Sadulla, S.; Sehgal, P.K.; Mandal, Asit Baran

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Unnatural D-AA assisted tanned leathers found soft and full possessing tight grain. ► Increased hydrothermal stability of collagen via intra and inter molecular crosslink. ► D-Ly+Ald tanned leathers revealed a properly oriented with well aligned structure. ► D-AA in collagen creates new topologies inaccessible to homo chiral molecules. ► Improves conventional tanning process, and reduce the total solid and liquid wastes. - Abstract: In the present study, green and sustainable method or eco-friendly approaches to tanning process based on unnatural D-amino acids (D-AA)-aldehyde (Ald) as a substitute for chrome-free tanning has been attempted. The distribution of optically active D-AA in tanned leather, the hydrothermal stability, the mechanical properties and resistance to collagenolytic activity of tanned leather, the evaluation of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicate the surface morphology and roughness, respectively, of the tanned leather collagen matrix. Shrinkage and Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses shows that the shrinkage temperature (T s ) and denaturation temperature (T d ) of tanned leather are related to the content of D-AA+Ald present in the leather matrix. It has been found that the T s of D-AA tanned leather is more than that of Ald tanned leather and also more or less equal to chrome tanned leather. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) shows that the developed process results in significant reduction in total solids content (TSC) and improves better biodegradability of organic compound present in the effluent compared to chrome tanning.

  16. La comunicación corno quehacer y como problema

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Luis Mier

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este número aborda la comunicación desde las tres interpretaciones más importantes: la tradicionalista, la militar y mercantilista y el arte popular tan inestable, cuestionado y cambiante. Canclini cuestiona la compartamentalización de cultura: popular y de medios y esboza los problemas que plantea la tradicional miopía de no reconocer la universalización y ubicuidad de la cultura de masas. Se agregan otros temas como: ¿Re-intelección de los medios? apuntes sobre un libro de los Mattelart, ¿"Ética" o "Deontología"?, El lenguaje del vestido y de la fiesta,Talleres de cultura Popular en Santiago de Chile, El dilema del arte popular en Bolivia,¿Sobrevivirán las artesanías aborígenes argentinas?, Los tejedores de El Tintorero, Tecnologías de computación y Tercer Mundo, La cobertura del terremoto en México, La comunicación como quehacer y como problema, la comunicación planificada sirve al desarrollo

  17. MRI and unilateral NMR study of reindeer skin tanning processes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhu, Lizheng; Del Federico, Eleonora; Ilott, Andrew J; Klokkernes, Torunn; Kehlet, Cindie; Jerschow, Alexej

    2015-04-07

    The study of arctic or subarctic indigenous skin clothing material, known for its design and ability to keep the body warm, provides information about the tanning materials and techniques. The study also provides clues about the culture that created it, since tanning processes are often specific to certain indigenous groups. Untreated skin samples and samples treated with willow (Salix sp) bark extract and cod liver oil are compared in this study using both MRI and unilateral NMR techniques. The two types of samples show different proton spatial distributions and different relaxation times, which may also provide information about the tanning technique and aging behavior.

  18. Beauty and the burn: tanning and other appearance-altering attitudes and behaviors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gillen, Meghan M; Markey, Charlotte H

    2017-12-01

    Tanning is often prompted by appearance concerns, yet little is known about associations between tanning and other appearance-altering behaviors. In the current study, we examined potential correlates of indoor and outdoor tanning that, like tanning, may enhance appearance but present health risks. College students (N = 284; Mage = 20.14, SD = 3.39) completed a survey. The main outcome measures were indoor tanning and outdoor sunbathing. Participants also answered questions pertaining to piercings and tattoos, healthy and unhealthy dieting behaviors, cigarette smoking, and interest in cosmetic surgery and enhancements. Results indicate that indoor tanners were more likely to have piercings, tattoos, to engage in healthy dieting behaviors, and to express interest in cosmetic enhancements. Outdoor sunbathers were more interested in cosmetic enhancements than non-outdoor sunbathers, and female outdoor sunbathers reported more unhealthy dieting behaviors than male outdoor sunbathers. These findings provide evidence for college students' engagement in a constellation of appearance-oriented risk behaviors.

  19. Exposure to the "Dark Side of Tanning" Skin Cancer Prevention Mass Media Campaign and Its Association with Tanning Attitudes in New South Wales, Australia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perez, Donna; Kite, James; Dunlop, Sally M.; Cust, Anne E.; Goumas, Chris; Cotter, Trish; Walsberger, Scott C.; Dessaix, Anita; Bauman, Adrian

    2015-01-01

    Melanoma is the most common cancer among 15- to 29-year-olds in Australia, with rates increasing with age. The "Dark Side of Tanning" (DSOT) mass media campaign was developed in 2007 to influence attitudes related to tanning. This study aimed to assess recall and impact of the DSOT campaign. Data were collected using online surveys of…

  20. Pollution and energy management in tanning industry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zaman, N.U.

    2005-01-01

    Tanning industry uses a number of chemicals such as Common Salt, Lime (Calcium Hydroxide), Sodium Sulfide and Basic Chromium Sulfate etc. During process, only a part of the chemical is consumed and the rest ends up in the effluent as pollutant. This paper deals with the techniques, locally developed or published in literature to recycle these chemicals and also discusses some energy saving techniques which can be used in tanning industry. Basic Chromium Sulfate (BCS) is one of the expensive chemicals used in 'Chrome Tanning'. By precipitating d filtering basic chromium sulfate, the recovery is nearly complete and the effluent obtained contains less than 1ppm Chromium. Dried raw hides contain up to 15% sodium chloride (w/w) and this can be removed in solid form by using mechanical brushes and can be re-used. The recovered salt contains foreign matter as impurities. After dissolution in water, the salt solution is filtered through cartridge filters and can be used in pickle bath. Liming slurry containing sodium sulfide is wasted as it contains fleshing and hair etc. A self cleaning 'J' type screen has no moving parts and removes fleshing and hair from the lime suspension. 'Counter Current Washing Technique,' reduces the wash water quantity by a factor of five to six. Air born pollution generated during buffing and dyeing can be captured by properly designed air filters. The solvents released in atmosphere during dyeing and finishing can be recovered by absorption. Fat, gelatin and protein can be recovered from waste fleshing. In tanning industry, drying of hides is the major consumer of thermal energy. Hot air can be produced by steam, hot water or solar energy. Advantages and disadvantages of these options are discussed. Wastage of thermal energy in dryers can be reduced by improving the existing designs. Hot water for tanning purposes can be generated by recovering waste heat present in the boiler flue gases. Boiler efficiency can also be improved by cycling heat

  1. Green chemistry approaches to leather tanning process for making chrome-free leather by unnatural amino acids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krishnamoorthy, G; Sadulla, S; Sehgal, P K; Mandal, Asit Baran

    2012-05-15

    In the present study, green and sustainable method or eco-friendly approaches to tanning process based on unnatural D-amino acids (D-AA)-aldehyde (Ald) as a substitute for chrome-free tanning has been attempted. The distribution of optically active D-AA in tanned leather, the hydrothermal stability, the mechanical properties and resistance to collagenolytic activity of tanned leather, the evaluation of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicate the surface morphology and roughness, respectively, of the tanned leather collagen matrix. Shrinkage and Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses shows that the shrinkage temperature (T(s)) and denaturation temperature (T(d)) of tanned leather are related to the content of D-AA+Ald present in the leather matrix. It has been found that the T(s) of D-AA tanned leather is more than that of Ald tanned leather and also more or less equal to chrome tanned leather. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) shows that the developed process results in significant reduction in total solids content (TSC) and improves better biodegradability of organic compound present in the effluent compared to chrome tanning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Combined TiN- and TaN temperature compensated thin film resistors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malmros, Anna; Andersson, Kristoffer; Rorsman, Niklas

    2012-01-01

    The opposite signs of the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of two thin film materials, titanium nitride (TiN) and tantalum nitride (TaN), were used to form temperature compensated thin film resistors (TFRs). The principle of designing temperature compensated TFRs by connecting TFRs of each compound in series or in parallel was demonstrated. TiN, TaN, and combined TiN and TaN TFRs for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) were fabricated by reactive sputtering. DC characterization was performed over the temperature range of 30–200 °C. The TiN TFRs exhibited an increase in resistivity with temperature with TCRs of 540 and 750 ppm/°C. The TaN TFR on the other hand exhibited a negative TCR of − 470 ppm/°C. The shunted TFRs were fabricated by serial deposition of TiN and TaN to form a bilayer component. The TCRs of the series- and shunt configurations were experimentally reduced to − 60 and 100 ppm/°C, respectively. The concept of temperature compensation was used to build a Wheatstone bridge with an application in on-chip temperature sensing.

  3. Green chemistry approaches to leather tanning process for making chrome-free leather by unnatural amino acids

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Krishnamoorthy, G.; Sadulla, S.; Sehgal, P.K. [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai 600 020 (India); Mandal, Asit Baran, E-mail: abmandal@hotmail.com [Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai 600 020 (India)

    2012-05-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Unnatural D-AA assisted tanned leathers found soft and full possessing tight grain. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Increased hydrothermal stability of collagen via intra and inter molecular crosslink. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer D-Ly+Ald tanned leathers revealed a properly oriented with well aligned structure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer D-AA in collagen creates new topologies inaccessible to homo chiral molecules. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Improves conventional tanning process, and reduce the total solid and liquid wastes. - Abstract: In the present study, green and sustainable method or eco-friendly approaches to tanning process based on unnatural D-amino acids (D-AA)-aldehyde (Ald) as a substitute for chrome-free tanning has been attempted. The distribution of optically active D-AA in tanned leather, the hydrothermal stability, the mechanical properties and resistance to collagenolytic activity of tanned leather, the evaluation of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and Atomic force microscopic (AFM) analyses indicate the surface morphology and roughness, respectively, of the tanned leather collagen matrix. Shrinkage and Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses shows that the shrinkage temperature (T{sub s}) and denaturation temperature (T{sub d}) of tanned leather are related to the content of D-AA+Ald present in the leather matrix. It has been found that the T{sub s} of D-AA tanned leather is more than that of Ald tanned leather and also more or less equal to chrome tanned leather. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) shows that the developed process results in significant reduction in total solids content (TSC) and improves better biodegradability of organic compound present in the effluent compared to chrome tanning.

  4. Volcanic geomorphology using TanDEM-X

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poland, Michael; Kubanek, Julia

    2016-04-01

    Topography is perhaps the most fundamental dataset for any volcano, yet is surprisingly difficult to collect, especially during the course of an eruption. For example, photogrammetry and lidar are time-intensive and often expensive, and they cannot be employed when the surface is obscured by clouds. Ground-based surveys can operate in poor weather but have poor spatial resolution and may expose personnel to hazardous conditions. Repeat passes of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data provide excellent spatial resolution, but topography in areas of surface change (from vegetation swaying in the wind to physical changes in the landscape) between radar passes cannot be imaged. The German Space Agency's TanDEM-X satellite system, however, solves this issue by simultaneously acquiring SAR data of the surface using a pair of orbiting satellites, thereby removing temporal change as a complicating factor in SAR-based topographic mapping. TanDEM-X measurements have demonstrated exceptional value in mapping the topography of volcanic environments in as-yet limited applications. The data provide excellent resolution (down to ~3-m pixel size) and are useful for updating topographic data at volcanoes where surface change has occurred since the most recent topographic dataset was collected. Such data can be used for applications ranging from correcting radar interferograms for topography, to modeling flow pathways in support of hazards mitigation. The most valuable contributions, however, relate to calculating volume changes related to eruptive activity. For example, limited datasets have provided critical measurements of lava dome growth and collapse at volcanoes including Merapi (Indonesia), Colima (Mexico), and Soufriere Hills (Montserrat), and of basaltic lava flow emplacement at Tolbachik (Kamchatka), Etna (Italy), and Kīlauea (Hawai`i). With topographic data spanning an eruption, it is possible to calculate eruption rates - information that might not otherwise be available

  5. Lifetime history of indoor tanning in young people: a retrospective assessment of initiation, persistence, and correlates

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lostritto Karen

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Despite educational and public health campaigns to convey the risks of indoor tanning, many individuals around the world continue to engage in this behavior. Few descriptive studies of indoor tanning have collected information pertaining to the lifetime history of indoor tanning, thereby limiting our ability to understand indoor tanning patterns and potentially target interventions for individuals who not only initiate, but continue to persistently engage in indoor tanning. Methods In-person interviews elicited detailed retrospective information on lifetime history of indoor tanning among white individuals (n = 401 under age 40 seen by a dermatologist for a minor benign skin condition. These individuals were controls in a case-control study of early-onset basal cell carcinoma. Outcomes of interest included ever indoor tanning in both males and females, as well as persistent indoor tanning in females - defined as females over age 31 who tanned indoors at least once in the last three or all four of four specified age periods (ages 11-15, 16-20, 21-30 and 31 or older. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of ever and persistent indoor tanning in females. Results Approximately three-quarters (73.3% of females and 38.3% of males ever tanned indoors, with a median age of initiation of 17.0 and 21.5, respectively. Among indoor tanners, 39.3% of females and 21.7% of males reported being burned while indoor tanning. Female ever indoor tanners were younger, had darker color eyes, and sunbathed more frequently than females who never tanned indoors. Using unique lifetime exposure data, 24.7% of female indoor tanners 31 and older persistently tanned indoors starting as teenagers. Female persistent indoor tanners drank significantly more alcohol, were less educated, had skin that tanned with prolonged sun exposure, and sunbathed outdoors more frequently than non-persistent tanners

  6. La virtualización como necesidad de cambio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eleonora Parra de Párraga

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available La idea básica en este artículo es efectuar un análisis sobre la realidad que viven muchas empresas, las cuales tienen un enfrentamiento temeroso y cauteloso con los cambios, aún cuando sean vistos como una necesidad de supervivencia en el mercado. La aparición de la figura del teletrabajo, la oficina virtual, el uso de las tecnologías de la información son aspectos a tratarse, además de estudiar brevemente los marcadores de productividad, y la pérdida de control que las empresas virtuales pueden acarrear a futuro. Por ello, la mayoría de estos conglomerados, ha visto como una solución a sus problemas de aceptación y permanencia en el mundo comercial la utilización de esta forma de acercamiento con el público usuario o consumidor de sus servicios o productos. Lo vital, es presentarle otras alternativas, tan atractivas entre ellas como para elegir la más conveniente, según las necesidades del momento, del propio individuo y de su entorno.

  7. 75 FR 33740 - Indoor Tanning Services; Cosmetic Services; Excise Taxes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-15

    ... 1545-BJ40 Indoor Tanning Services; Cosmetic Services; Excise Taxes AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service.... 7805. * * * Par. 5. Section 49.0-3 is added to read as follows: Sec. 49.0-3 Introduction; cosmetic...--Cosmetic Services Sec. 49.5000B-1 Indoor tanning services. [The text of this proposed Sec. 49.5000B-1 is...

  8. Chemical functionalization and stabilization of type I collagen with organic tanning agents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Albu, Madalina Georgiana; Deselnicu, Viorica; Ioannidis, Ioannis; Deselnicu, Dana; Chelaru, Ciprian

    2015-01-01

    We investigated the interactions between selected organic tanning agents and type I fibrillar collagen as a model fibrillar substrate to enable the fast direct evaluation and validation of interpretations of tanning activity. Type I fibrillar collagen (1%) as gel was used as substrate of tanning and tannic acid, resorcinol- and melamine-formaldehyde and their combination at three concentrations as crosslinking agents (tannins). To evaluate the stability of collagen during tanning, the crosslinked gels at 2.8, 4.5 and 9.0 pHs were freeze-dried as discs which were characterized by FTIR, shrinkage temperature, enzymatic degradation and optical microscopy, and the results were validated by statistical analyses. The best stability was given by combinations between resorcinol- and melamine-formaldehyde at isoelectric pH

  9. Chemical functionalization and stabilization of type I collagen with organic tanning agents

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Albu, Madalina Georgiana; Deselnicu, Viorica; Ioannidis, Ioannis; Deselnicu, Dana; Chelaru, Ciprian [Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Bucharest (Romania)

    2015-02-15

    We investigated the interactions between selected organic tanning agents and type I fibrillar collagen as a model fibrillar substrate to enable the fast direct evaluation and validation of interpretations of tanning activity. Type I fibrillar collagen (1%) as gel was used as substrate of tanning and tannic acid, resorcinol- and melamine-formaldehyde and their combination at three concentrations as crosslinking agents (tannins). To evaluate the stability of collagen during tanning, the crosslinked gels at 2.8, 4.5 and 9.0 pHs were freeze-dried as discs which were characterized by FTIR, shrinkage temperature, enzymatic degradation and optical microscopy, and the results were validated by statistical analyses. The best stability was given by combinations between resorcinol- and melamine-formaldehyde at isoelectric pH.

  10. Magnitude of Higgs-boson-exchange CP violation in two-doublet models with large tanβ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barr, S.M.

    1993-01-01

    CP violation in neutral Higgs-boson exchange is studied in two-doublet models in an expansion in (1/tan 2 β). The typical magnitude of various CP-violating quantities is found for large tanβ. In particular the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron and the coefficient c S of the CP-violating electron-nucleon scalar-pseudoscalar operator are examined and it is found that in a simple class of two-doublet models c S /d e is typically O(tan 2 β). Therefore c S is more important than d e for the EDM's of diamagnetic atoms and molecules (Hg, Xe, TlF) typically if tanβ approx-gt 5, and for paramagnetic atoms (Cs, Tl) if tanβ approx-gt 15. The dependence on tanβ of the various contributions to the neutron EDM including the Weinberg three-gluon operator, and the dependence on tanβ of the top-quark EDM are also discussed. Supersymmetric and three-doublet models are also considered

  11. Wet skins tanning with chromium in dense CO2 under pressure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saldinari, L.; Dutel, Ch.; Perre, Ch.

    2000-01-01

    An ancestral gesture steadily improved through the centuries, the transformation of skins into leather includes several stages of which the principal one is tanning. Today, 90 % of the world's leather products are tanned with chromium. However, this stage is an environmental liability, and reducing the volume and chromium content of the waste has become a major issue. A first study on skin degreasing by dense CO 2 helped sharply reduce the volume of the fatty effluents. To replace water by dense CO 2 as the tanning medium was the logical next step. The present study was carried out in cooperation with three tanneries in the Rhone-Alpes-Auvergne area of France and a manufacturer of tanning materials. The difficulty of the study was the chemically opposed character of the two media involved. CO 2 is a non-polar and lipophilic solvent while inorganic chromium is insoluble. The water present in the treated skin is a polar and ionic reaction medium and one of the reagents in tanning chemistry. The mixture of these two partially miscible compounds gives a pH 3 by carbonic acid formation. Tanning is based on the reactivity of collagen, the main component of the skin, with hydroxylated complexes of chromium. Collagen is a protein containing some chemical functions, amines (R-NH 2 ) and carboxylic (R-COOH) for example. These functions impart an amphoteric character to the compound. The WERNER theory of complex salts explains the formation of hydroxylated complexes of chromium and their fixing on the carboxylic functions of collagen by oxolation. pH is the key parameter in tanning. The success of the process demands chromium impregnation without fixing it at a pH lower than 5, and then to fix it by increasing the pH. This opened two alternatives for transferring chromium in the skin: solubilize chromium in CO 2 via soluble organometallic complexes; or put the chromium salt into suspension without solubilizing it. The best results were obtained with the second option, which

  12. UV radiation sources for artificial skin tanning and protection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zivkovic, D.; Hrnjak, M.

    1999-01-01

    UV radiation sources for artificial tanning are more utilized at the last time. UV radiation is not harmless, so there are not safety devices for tanning. If people do not want to avoid exposure to their radiation, than it is necessary to take the prevention measure: strictly dose of UV radiation according to skin type, use of appropriate protective eye-wears and respect for inhibit of some medicaments and some cosmetic products use. (author)

  13. SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY: TaN wet etch for application in dual-metal-gate integration technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yongliang, Li; Qiuxia, Xu

    2009-12-01

    Wet-etch etchants and the TaN film method for dual-metal-gate integration are investigated. Both HF/HN O3/H2O and NH4OH/H2O2 solutions can etch TaN effectively, but poor selectivity to the gate dielectric for the HF/HNO3/H2O solution due to HF being included in HF/HNO3/H2O, and the fact that TaN is difficult to etch in the NH4OH/H2O2 solution at the first stage due to the thin TaOxNy layer on the TaN surface, mean that they are difficult to individually apply to dual-metal-gate integration. A two-step wet etching strategy using the HF/HNO3/H2O solution first and the NH4OH/H2O2 solution later can fully remove thin TaN film with a photo-resist mask and has high selectivity to the HfSiON dielectric film underneath. High-k dielectric film surfaces are smooth after wet etching of the TaN metal gate and MOSCAPs show well-behaved C-V and Jg-Vg characteristics, which all prove that the wet etching of TaN has little impact on electrical performance and can be applied to dual-metal-gate integration technology for removing the first TaN metal gate in the PMOS region.

  14. Tanning lamps ultraviolet emissions and compliance with technical standards

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonino, A.; Facta, S.; Saudino, S.; Anglesio, L.; D'Amore, G.

    2009-01-01

    In this work the compliance of tanning lamps with technical standards EN 60335-2-27 'Household and similar electrical appliances-Safety. Part 2: Particular requirements for appliances for skin exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation' was analysed. Results of this analysis showed that none of the examined technical documentation produced by the lamps manufacturers is fully compliant with the standard technique. Furthermore data reported in the same manuals, such as effective radiant exposure or irradiance, would indicate that these sources may be the cause of undue exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. For this reason a measurement campaign on UV lamps used in tanning salons was organised. The first results of these measurements seem to confirm the doubts raised from the analysis of the lamp manuals: the use of a tanning lamp can lead to UV radiation exposure levels higher than reference maximum values recommended by EN 60335-2-27. (authors)

  15. Tanning in solarium – knowledge, attitudes and Polish habits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katarzyna Torzewska

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Introduction. Tanning devices are sources of UVA and UVB radiation. UV exposure can cause damage to the cornea of the eye, skin burns and even skin cancer. Appropriate use of solarium requires adequate knowledge of health effects resulting from the excessive use of sunbeds. The aim of the study was to examine knowledge, attitudes and habits in the solarium use. Material and methods. The study was based on our own questionnaire distributed among the citizens of a city located in Łódź Province. The study group consisted of 135 adults, mostly women and people with secondary and vocational education. Participants of the study were asked to answer specific questions included in the questionnaire concerning the knowledge of UV radiation, attitudes and the behaviour in the solarium. Results. 36% of the respondents were going to the solarium. 38% of the respondents weren’t going at all. Every fourth respondent used to go to the solarium in the past, however gave up this type of tanning for some reasons. Protecting goggles were used only by 18% of the respondents. 94% of the respondents never asked the service about CE certificates for the sunbeds intended for use. Conclusions. People tanning in the solarium, in comparison to those who do not use the artificial sun, enjoy better knowledge of the ultraviolet radiation. However they do not follow the requirements of the safe tanning. They are also not interested in technical conditions of the sunbeds. People who are not tanning in the solarium are more aware of health effects caused by UV radiation. Actions promoting public awareness on negative health effects of exposure to UV radiation in the solarium are needed.

  16. Study of sunless tanning formulas using molted snake skin as an alternative membrane model.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balogh, T S; Pedriali, C A; Gama, R M; de Oliveira Pinto, C A S; Bedin, V; Villa, R T; Kaneko, T M; Consiglieri, V O; Velasco, M V R; Baby, A R

    2011-08-01

    Sunless tanning formulas have become increasingly popular in recent years for their ability to give people convincing tans without the dangers of skin cancer. Most sunless tanners currently on the market contain dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a keto sugar with three carbons. The temporary pigment provided by these formulas is designed to resemble a UV-induced tan. This study evaluated the effectiveness of carbomer gels and cold process self emulsifying bases on skin pigmentation, using different concentrations of a chemical system composed of DHA and N-acetyl tyrosine, which are found in moulted snake skins and their effectiveness was tested by Mexameter(®) MX 18. Eight different sunless tanning formulas were developed, four of which were gels and four of which were emulsions (base, base plus 4.0%, 5.0% and 6.0% (w/w) of a system of DHA and N-acetyl tyrosine). Tests to determine the extent of artificial tanning were done by applying 30 mg cm(-2) of each formula onto standard sizes of moulted snake skin (2.0 cm × 3.0 cm). A Mexameter(®) MX 18 was used to evaluate the extent of coloration in the moulted snake skin at T(0) (before the application) and after 24, 48, 72, 168, 192 and 216 h. The moulted snake skins can be used as an alternative membrane model for in vitro sunless tanning efficacy tests due to their similarity to the human stratum corneum. The DHA concentration was found to influence the initiation of the pigmentation in both sunless tanning systems (emulsion and gel) as well as the time required to increases by a given amount on the tanning index. In the emulsion system, the DHA concentration also influenced the final value on the tanning index. The type of system (emulsion or gel) has no influence on the final value in the tanning index after 216 h for samples with the same DHA concentration. © 2011 The Authors. ICS © 2011 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

  17. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abel Ignacio López

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  18. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

    OpenAIRE

    Abel Ignacio López

    2010-01-01

    Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  19. News reports: update on buying indoor UV tanning with university debit cards.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goff, Kiera L; Karimkhani, Chante; Boyers, Lindsay N; Hernandez, Melia D; Pederson, Hannah; Royer, Eryn L; Dellavalle, Robert P

    2014-12-13

    Indoor tanning by adults under 35 years of age increases the risk of developing melanoma 59% to 75%. Cost is a major barrier limiting young adults from purchasing indoor tanning services. Our recent study by Boyers et al determined that 18 of 96 major universities, all in the eastern and southern United States, had university-sponsored debit cards with indoor tanning affiliations. These debit cards, which conveniently link with student identification (ID) cards, help with student living expenses and are often loaded with money by parents. By creating agreements with indoor tanning salon vendors, universities are endorsing a World Health Organization class I carcinogen. To expand the results of our previous study, we broadened our search to further assess universities in the western United States as well as Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using www.collegeboard.edu, we identified the 4 largest residential colleges in Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Additionally, we investigated the top international universities, utilizing www.topuniversities.com. Internet searches, phone calls, and email correspondence were used to determine if an institution had a student ID-linked debit card. Universities with affiliations to bank debit cards and cards that could only be used on campus were excluded. In the western United States, indoor tanning merchants were affiliated with University of Arizona, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University: Prescott Campus, and the University of Denver student debit cards. Of the original 18 schools with affiliations according to the Boyers et al study, 2 universities no longer have agreements and 5 created agreements with additional tanning salons. Of 45 universities examined in our international search, no debit cards were discovered for off-campus purchases. Therefore, the concerning issue of university associations with tanning salons appears

  20. Framing Indoor Tanning Warning Messages to Reduce Skin Cancer Risks Among Young Women: Implications for Research and Policy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mays, Darren; Tercyak, Kenneth P

    2015-08-01

    We investigated the impact of indoor tanning device warnings that communicate the risks associated with indoor tanning (i.e., loss framed) or the benefits of avoiding indoor tanning (i.e., gain framed). A convenience sample of non-Hispanic White women aged 18 to 30 years who tanned indoors at least once in the past year (n = 682) participated in a within-subjects experiment. Participants completed baseline measures and reported indoor tanning intentions and intentions to quit indoor tanning in response to 5 warning messages in random order. A text-only control warning was based on Food and Drug Administration-required warnings for indoor tanning devices. Experimental warnings included graphic content and were either gain or loss framed. In multivariable analyses, gain-framed warnings did not differ from the control warning on women's intentions to tan indoors, but they prompted stronger intentions to quit than the control message. Loss-framed warnings significantly reduced intentions to tan indoors and increased intentions to quit indoor tanning compared with control and gain-framed warnings. The public health impact of indoor tanning device warnings can be enhanced by incorporating graphic content and leveraging gain- and loss-framed messaging.

  1. Intentional outdoor tanning in the United States: Results from the 2015 Summer ConsumerStyles survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shoemaker, Meredith L; Berkowitz, Zahava; Watson, Meg

    2017-08-01

    There is limited literature about adults in the United States who usually or always spend time outdoors for the purpose of developing a tan, defined as intentional outdoor tanning. Using data from the 2015 Summer ConsumerStyles, an online cross-sectional survey weighted to the US adult population (n=4,127), we performed unadjusted and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions to examine the associations between demographic characteristics, behaviors, and belief factors related to skin cancer risk and intentional outdoor tanning. Nearly 10% of the study population intentionally tanned outdoors. Outdoor tanning was more prevalent among women (11.4%), non-Hispanic white individuals (11.5%), those aged 18-29years (14.1%), those without a high school diploma (12.7%), and those in the northeast United States (13.2%). The adjusted odds of outdoor tanning were significantly higher among women than men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.04); those with a history of indoor tanning or recent sunburn than those without (AOR 2.61, CI 1.94-3.51; AOR 1.96, CI 1.46-2.63, respectively); those who agreed they looked better with a tan than those who did not (AOR 6.69, CI 3.62-12.35); and those who did not try to protect their skin from the sun when outdoors than those who did (AOR 2.17, CI 1.56-3.04). Adults who engaged in other risky behaviors that expose a person to ultraviolet (UV) radiation were more likely to tan outdoors, further increasing their risk of skin cancer. These findings may guide potential interventions to reduce UV exposure from outdoor tanning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. A new process for the synthesis of naphthalene based tanning agent

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mahboob, S.J.; Subhopoto, M.I.; Dewani, R.; Pervez, M.K.; Nazir, F.

    2010-01-01

    A new process developed for the preparation of naphthalene catechu tanning agent consisted of sulphonation of naphthalene, condensation with formaldehyde, combining with naturally occurring catechol, followed by neutralization of the reaction mixture. The product was then dried, analyzed and tested for application on wet blue leather which showed excellent tanning properties. (author)

  3. USO DE BIOSÓLIDOS COMO REACTIVO ESPUMANTE EN PROCESOS DE FLOTACIÓN: CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA Y QUÍMICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LORENZO REYES-BOZO

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available La flotación espumosa usa diversos reactivos, orgánicos e inorgánicos, para aumentar el rendimiento y selectividad del proceso. La fl otación utiliza sustancias tensoactivas que se adsorben en la interfase aire/agua. Como potenciales sustitutos de los espumantes usados actualmente, se consideran los residuos orgánicos de origen animal, como los biosólidos. Este estudio, evalúa el uso de biosólidos y ácidos húmicos como agentes espumantes para fl otación espumosa, cuantifi cándose su capacidad tensoactiva y para formar y estabilizar espumas. Biosólidos son capaces de cambiar la tensión superfi cial de una solución, crear y estabilizar espumas. Dosis menores a 4 g L-1 muestran un afecto tensoactivo mayor comparado con reactivos espumantes, tipo MIBC. Para un uso efectivo de biosólidos, se requiere realizar una etapa de preacondicionamiento, que permita separar la fracción soluble y coloidal que tiene la capacidad tensoactiva. El uso de biosólidos a gran escala necesita investigación adicional para escalar los resultados obtenidos en laboratorio.

  4. Association of Indoor Tanning Frequency With Risky Sun Protection Practices and Skin Cancer Screening.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fischer, Alexander H; Wang, Timothy S; Yenokyan, Gayane; Kang, Sewon; Chien, Anna L

    2016-10-12

    Indoor tanning is prevalent among young adults and women and is associated with increased risk of melanoma. Evidence suggests that indoor tanners may be more inclined to adopt poor photoprotective practices that further increase their risk of skin cancer; however, gaps in the literature exist in young adults and by indoor tanning frequency. To examine the association between indoor tanning frequency and behaviors related to skin cancer prevention and to investigate whether these associations vary by age group or sex. Cross-sectional population-based study of US 2015 National Health Interview Survey data including 10 262 non-Hispanic white adults aged 18 to 60 years without a history of skin cancer. Rare/never use of sunscreen, protective clothing, shade; multiple sunburns within the past year; previous full-body skin examination. Of the 10 262 individuals in our study population (49% female; median age, 39 y), 787 (7.0%) reported having tanned indoors in the past year. Among individuals aged 18 to 34 years, frequent indoor tanners (≥10 times in the past year) were more likely to report never/rare use of protective clothing (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.49) and shade (aPR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03-1.70), compared with individuals who did not tan indoors. Among women aged 18 to 60 years, those who frequently tanned indoors were more likely to rarely/never use sunscreen (aPR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.11-1.62), protective clothing (aPR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.42), and shade (aPR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.90) on a warm sunny day, as well as more likely to report multiple sunburns in the past year (aPR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.45) compared with those who did not tan indoors. Individuals who tanned indoors in the past year were not significantly more likely to have undergone a previous full-body skin examination in any subpopulation examined. Individuals who tan indoors often exhibited a concurrent tendency to sunburn, avoid sun protection, and avoid skin cancer

  5. Supersymmetric models with tan β close to unity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ananthanarayan, B.; Babu, K.S.; Shafi, Q.

    1994-01-01

    Within the framework of supersymmetric grand unification, estimates of the b quark mass based on the asymptotic relation m b similar eqm τ single out the region with tan β close to unity, particularly if m t (m t ) < or ∼170 GeV. We explore the radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry and the associated sparticle and higgs spectroscopy in models with 1 < tan β< or ∼1.6. The lightest scalar higgs is expected to have a mass below 100 GeV, while the remaining four higgs masses exceed 300 GeV. The lower bounds on some of the sparticle masses are within the range of LEP 200. ((orig.))

  6. Efficacy of a new tan doped sol-gel sorbent for uptake of zinc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khan, A.; Ahmed, S.; Riaz, M.; Mahmood, F.; Younas Khokhar, M.

    2003-01-01

    A TAN (1-(2-Thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol) doped sol gel silica sorbent (reddish colour, porous, stable, hard, non-swelling) were prepared and investigated for the removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solutions. The kinetics, adsorption isotherm, equilibration time and pH effect on the removal were studied from non competitive aqueous solution to optimize the conditions to be utilized on a large scale. Fast equilibration was observed and adsorption equilibria were reached within 30 minutes. Adsorption of zinc ions on the blank (un-doped) sol gel was found negligible. The maximum adsorption of Zn (II) ions onto the TAN doped sol-gel from single solutions were 2.33 mg/g (0.035 mmol/g). TAN doped sol gel can be regenerated through washing with a solution of 0.1 M HCl solution. The maximum regeneration value was as high as 99.0%. The TAN-doped sol gel silica is suitable at least for four adsorption-desorption cycles without experiencing considerable loss of adsorption capacity. The uptake route and the nature of the Zn-TAN complex have been discussed. (orig.)

  7. La carpeta de Aprendizaje como herramienta de seguimiento y evaluación del alumno en la asignatura. “Desarrollo de Competencias"

    OpenAIRE

    Asensio Castañeda, Eva María; Blanco Fernández, María Ascensión

    2010-01-01

    La asignatura de Libre Elección “Desarrollo de Competencias” ofertada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid, está destinada a alumnos que cursan cualquier titulación que se imparte en dicha universidad. Su objetivo es que, por medio del uso de nuevas metodologías y herramientas de evaluación continua y seguimiento tales como la carpeta de aprendizaje, el alumno adquiera y desarrolle competencias tan importantes como: la gestión eficaz del tiempo, habilidades comunicativas, trabajo en equipo, li...

  8. Measurement of erythema and tanning responses in human skin using a tri-stimulus colorimeter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Seitz, J C; Whitmore, C G

    1988-01-01

    A 'Minolta Tri-Stimulus Colorimeter II' was evaluated for obtaining objective measurements of early changes in erythema and tanning. The meter showed a subtle, continuous transition between the primary erythematous response and the delayed tanning of skin which was below the visual threshold for detection. Thereafter, the a* (redness) value of the meter showed a significant linear correlation with the dermatologist's perception of erythema while the b* (yellow) value showed a significant correlation with the perception of tanning. This capability of the tri-stimulus colorimeter to simultaneously evaluate the hue and saturation of skin color affords an improved opportunity to quantitate the transition from erythema to tanning without subjective bias.

  9. Engaging Moms on Teen Indoor Tanning Through Social Media: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baker, Katie; Griffith, Julia; Oleski, Jessica L; Palumbo, Ashley; Walkosz, Barbara J; Hillhouse, Joel; Henry, Kimberly L; Buller, David B

    2016-01-01

    Background Indoor tanning elevates the risk for melanoma, which is now the most common cancer in US women aged 25-29. Public policies restricting access to indoor tanning by minors to reduce melanoma morbidity and mortality in teens are emerging. In the United States, the most common policy restricting indoor tanning in minors involves parents providing either written or in person consent for the minor to purchase a tanning visit. The effectiveness of this policy relies on parents being properly educated about the harms of indoor tanning to their children. Objective This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of a Facebook-delivered health communication intervention targeting mothers of teenage girls. The intervention will use health communication and behavioral modification strategies to reduce mothers’ permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters’ use of indoor tanning relative to an attention-control condition with the ultimate goal of reducing indoor tanning in both daughters and mothers. Methods The study is a 12-month randomized controlled trial comparing 2 conditions: an attention control Facebook private group where content will be relevant to teen health with 25% focused on prescription drug abuse, a topic unrelated to tanning; and the intervention condition will enter participants into a Facebook private group where 25% of the teen health content will be focused on indoor tanning. A cohort of 2000 mother-teen daughter dyads will be recruited to participate in this study. Only mothers will participate in the Facebook groups. Both mothers and daughters will complete measures at baseline, end of intervention (1-year) and 6 months post-intervention. Primary outcomes include mothers’ permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters’ use of indoor tanning, teenage daughters’ perception of their mothers’ permissiveness, and indoor tanning by both mothers and daughters. Results The first dyad was enrolled on March 31, 2016, and we

  10. THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets

    Science.gov (United States)

    2006-07-12

    station. The engine has to throttle to 34 percent (3X or 1020 psia) to keep from exceeding the acceleration limits. Figure 6. Baseline SSTO ...vehicle powered by seven up-sized SSME class engines. Figure 7. Baseline SSTO vehicle trajectory. With a payload fraction of 1 percent, it does not...want to invest in such a risky endeavor. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 6 B. TAN-Powered SSTO Vehicle For the Dual Fuel TAN

  11. A national survey of young women's beliefs about quitting indoor tanning: implications for health communication messages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bleakley, Amy; Jordan, Amy; Ellithorpe, Morgan E; Lazovich, DeAnn; Grossman, Sara; Glanz, Karen

    2018-03-15

    Indoor tanning is a risk factor for melanoma among young white women. Health communications can be an effective way of reaching this population and promoting behavior change. The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate the associations between intention to quit indoor tanning and attitudes, normative pressure, and efficacy about quitting, and (ii) to identify beliefs about quitting indoor tanning that can be used to design effective health communication messages to reduce skin cancer risk. A national online survey was conducted with 279 non-Hispanic white women ages 18-25 in the USA who are indoor tanners. The survey, based on the reasoned action approach, assessed intention, attitudes, norms, and efficacy and their corresponding underlying beliefs related to quitting indoor tanning, along with other known covariates. Data were collected in November/December 2015. Intention to quit indoor tanning was significantly associated with attitudes, specifically with the beliefs that it would "reduce damage to skin" (increased intention) and "make me less happy" (decreased intention). While self-efficacy was not related to intention to quit indoor tanning, injunctive normative beliefs were with key referent groups including mothers, friends, and romantic partners. Messages aimed at discouraging indoor tanning among young, non-Hispanic, white women should highlight the salient belief that quitting indoor tanning will reduce skin damage, counter the belief that it will make them less happy, and highlight key people who would approve of them quitting indoor tanning.

  12. High exhaust chrome complex using chrome tanned tannery, solid wastes and common hydrocarbons as reductants and masking agents to minimize the liquid and solid wastes: tanning and environmental impact studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nawaz, H.R.

    2005-01-01

    Still no alternate of chrome tanning has been found to achieve the best quality and quantity of leather. But the chrome tanning process is associated with the generation of very toxic liquid and solid wastes. Therefore we emphasized to develop an efficient process for the synthesis of high exhaust chrome complex that could minimize the both liquid and solid wastes up to very low limit. In this research, chrome shavings and raw organic compounds have beneficially utilized as a reductant as well as potential masking agents providing a comprehensive close loop. Two chrome tanning materials have been developed using leather shavings with molasses in product A and replacement of molasses by other organic compounds for chrome complex B. These materials have also been employed for the tanning of goatskins parallel to the commercial BCS from the market. The comparative studies revealed that, the quality of leather made from product B is either better or comparable with the conventional tanning material. The chrome contents in leather have been increased with the simultaneous decreased in spent chrome liquor. Hence the exhaustion rate of chrome complex B has been noted up to 95%. While the physical characteristics of resulted leather from product A and B have been found comparable to that of conventional tanned leather. Therefore this methodology would not only reduce liquid and solid wastes but also provide quality leather and economically multi benefits. (author)

  13. Curtimento de peles de peixe com taninos vegetal e sintético = Tanning fish skins using vegetable and synthetic tannins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariana Martins Vieira

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available No presente experimento objetivou-se avaliar a resistência das peles de peixes submetidas ao curtimento com taninos vegetal e sintético. As peles foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos aplicados na etapa decurtimento (T1 = 10% tanino vegetal; T2=10% tanino sintético; T3 = 5% tanino vegetal + 5% sintético; T4 = 12% tanino vegetal; T5 = 12% tanino sintético; T6 = 6% tanino vegetal + 6% sintético e dez repetições por tratamento, sendo o couro a unidade experimental.Para os testes de resistência à tração, alongamento e rasgamento, foi utilizado o dinamômetro EMIC. O curtimento com tanino vegetal, sintético e/ou sua combinação, assim como os níveis utilizados dentro de cada técnica de curtimento, interferiu no teste de tração, no entanto não influenciou No teste de alongamento e rasgamento progressivo. Portanto, a técnica de curtimento interfere na resistência dos couros de peixes. As peles de tilápia, quando curtidas e recurtidas apenas com tanino sintético, independentemente da concentração (10 ou 12%, apresentaram pior resistência à tração. Quando comparados com os que receberam 10% de taninos (vegetal e a combinação dos taninos, esses couros não apresentaram diferença na resistência.The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the resistance of fish skins submitted to tanning using vegetable and synthetic tannins. Skins were distributed in a completelyrandomized design, with six treatments applied in the tanning stage (T1 = 10% vegetable tannin; T2 = 10% synthetic tannin; T3 = 5% vegetable tannin + 5% synthetic tannin; T4 = 12% vegetable tannin; T5 = 12% synthetic tannin; T6 = 6% vegetable tannin + 6% synthetic. Ten repetitions per treatment were conducted, and the leather was theexperimental unit. For the tests of tensile strength, lengthening and progressive tearing resistance, an EMIC dynamometer was used. Tanning with vegetable tannin, synthetic

  14. Effect of seasonal affective disorder and pathological tanning motives on efficacy of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hillhouse, Joel; Turrisi, Rob; Stapleton, Jerod; Robinson, June

    2010-05-01

    To evaluate the robustness of an appearance-focused intervention to prevent skin cancer in individuals reporting seasonal affective disorder (SAD) symptoms and pathological tanning motives. Randomized, controlled clinical trial. College campus. Four hundred thirty adult female indoor tanners (200 in the intervention group and 230 control participants). A booklet discussing the history of tanning, current tanning norms, UV radiation's effects on skin, recommendations for indoor tanning use focusing on abstinence and harm reduction recommendations, and information on healthier, appearance-enhancing alternatives to tanning. Self-reported attitudes, intentions, and tanning behaviors; pathological tanning motives assessed by a questionnaire developed for this study; and SAD symptoms assessed by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. Two of the 4 pathological tanning scales, opiatelike reactions to tanning and dissatisfaction with natural skin tone, were significant moderators demonstrating stronger treatment effects for individuals scoring higher on these scales. Treatment effects were equivalently positive (ie, no significant moderator effects) for all levels of SAD symptoms and all levels of the other 2 pathological tanning motive scales (ie, perceiving tanning as a problem and tolerance to the effects of tanning). The appearance-focused skin cancer prevention intervention is robust enough to reduce indoor tanning among tanners who exhibit SAD symptoms or pathological tanning motives. Tailored interventions may address individuals' motivations for tanning and their relation to maladaptive behavior, such as dissatisfaction with appearance or the need for relaxation because of anxiety.

  15. hPIN/hTAN: Low-Cost e-Banking Secure against Untrusted Computers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Shujun; Sadeghi, Ahmad-Reza; Schmitz, Roland

    We propose hPIN/hTAN, a low-cost token-based e-banking protection scheme when the adversary has full control over the user's computer. Compared with existing hardware-based solutions, hPIN/hTAN depends on neither second trusted channel, nor secure keypad, nor computationally expensive encryption module.

  16. 40 CFR 425.10 - Applicability; description of the hair pulp, chrome tan, retan-wet finishing subcategory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING... addition to other unhairing and tanning operation, processes raw or cured cattle or cattle-like hides into finished leather by chemically dissolving the hide hair, chrome tanning, and retan-wet finishing. ...

  17. Precise baseline determination for the TanDEM-X mission

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koenig, Rolf; Moon, Yongjin; Neumayer, Hans; Wermuth, Martin; Montenbruck, Oliver; Jäggi, Adrian

    The TanDEM-X mission will strive for generating a global precise Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by way of bi-static SAR in a close formation of the TerraSAR-X satellite, already launched on June 15, 2007, and the TanDEM-X satellite to be launched in May 2010. Both satellites carry the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging (TOR) payload supplied by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The TOR consists of a high-precision dual-frequency GPS receiver, called Integrated GPS Occultation Receiver (IGOR), and a Laser retro-reflector (LRR) for precise orbit determination (POD) and atmospheric sounding. The IGOR is of vital importance for the TanDEM-X mission objectives as the millimeter level determination of the baseline or distance between the two spacecrafts is needed to derive meter level accurate DEMs. Within the TanDEM-X ground segment GFZ is responsible for the operational provision of precise baselines. For this GFZ uses two software chains, first its Earth Parameter and Orbit System (EPOS) software and second the BERNESE software, for backup purposes and quality control. In a concerted effort also the German Aerospace Center (DLR) generates precise baselines independently with a dedicated Kalman filter approach realized in its FRNS software. By the example of GRACE the generation of baselines with millimeter accuracy from on-board GPS data can be validated directly by way of comparing them to the intersatellite K-band range measurements. The K-band ranges are accurate down to the micrometer-level and therefore may be considered as truth. Both TanDEM-X baseline providers are able to generate GRACE baselines with sub-millimeter accuracy. By merging the independent baselines by GFZ and DLR, the accuracy can even be increased. The K-band validation however covers solely the along-track component as the K-band data measure just the distance between the two GRACE satellites. In addition they inhibit an un-known bias which must be modelled in the comparison, so the

  18. Association of Skin Cancer and Indoor Tanning in Sexual Minority Men and Women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mansh, Matthew; Katz, Kenneth A; Linos, Eleni; Chren, Mary-Margaret; Arron, Sarah

    2015-12-01

    Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States, is highly associated with outdoor and indoor tanning behaviors. Although indoor tanning has been suggested to be more common among sexual minority (self-reported as homosexual, gay, or bisexual) men compared with heterosexual men, whether rates of skin cancer vary by sexual orientation is unknown. To investigate whether skin cancer prevalence and indoor tanning behaviors vary by sexual orientation in the general population. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2009 California Health Interview Surveys (CHISs) and the 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of population-based samples of the California and US noninstitutionalized civilian population. Participants included 192 575 men and women 18 years or older who identified as heterosexual or a sexual minority. Self-reported lifetime history of skin cancer and 12-month history of indoor tanning. The study included 78 487 heterosexual men, 3083 sexual minority men, 107 976 heterosexual women, and 3029 sexual minority women. Sexual minority men were more likely than heterosexual men to report having skin cancer (2001-2005 CHISs: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.06, P tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 5.80; 95% CI, 2.90-11.60, P skin cancer (2001-2005 CHIS: aOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86, P = .008) and having tanned indoors (2009 CHIS: aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.92, P = .03; 2013 NHIS: aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.81, P = .007). Sexual minority men indoor tan more frequently and report higher rates of skin cancer than heterosexual men. Primary and secondary prevention efforts targeted at sexual minority men might reduce risk factors for, and consequences of, skin cancer.

  19. Inverse gene-for-gene interactions contribute additively to tan spot susceptibility in wheat.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Zhaohui; Zurn, Jason D; Kariyawasam, Gayan; Faris, Justin D; Shi, Gongjun; Hansen, Jana; Rasmussen, Jack B; Acevedo, Maricelis

    2017-06-01

    Tan spot susceptibility is conferred by multiple interactions of necrotrophic effector and host sensitivity genes. Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is an important disease in almost all wheat-growing areas of the world. The disease system is known to involve at least three fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that interact with the corresponding host sensitivity (S) genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to induce disease. However, it is unknown if the effects of these NE-S gene interactions contribute additively to the development of tan spot. In this work, we conducted disease evaluations using different races and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in a wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two susceptible genotypes, LMPG-6 and PI 626573. The two parental lines each harbored a single known NE sensitivity gene with LMPG-6 having the Ptr ToxC sensitivity gene Tsc1 and PI 626573 having the Ptr ToxA sensitivity gene Tsn1. Transgressive segregation was observed in the population for all races. QTL mapping revealed that both loci (Tsn1 and Tsc1) were significantly associated with susceptibility to race 1 isolates, which produce both Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxC, and the two genes contributed additively to tan spot susceptibility. For isolates of races 2 and 3, which produce only Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxC, only Tsn1 and Tsc1 were associated with tan spot susceptibility, respectively. This work clearly demonstrates that tan spot susceptibility in this population is due primarily to two NE-S interactions. Breeders should remove both sensitivity genes from wheat lines to obtain high levels of tan spot resistance.

  20. OPTIMIZATION OF COMPLEX MINERAL TANNING MATERIAL ON THE BASIS OF ALUMINIUM AND ZIRCONIUM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    K. Toguzbaev

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Influence of acetate ion on stability of alumina-zirconium tanning to alkalization has been investigated in the paper. The investigation results have shown that at the ratio of Al3+:Zr4+:CH3COO = 1:1:1 it  is  possible  to  prepare  a  solution  of  masking   alumina-zirconium  tanning  (АЦД-М   with  high stability and low consumption of aluminum sulfate. The paper reveals that masking of alumina-zirconium tanning by natrium acetate allows to increase stability to alkalization and improve tanning properties. It has been established that for a stable increase of fatty matter viscosity and improvement of  leather water-resistant properties it is necessary to use water-insoluble aluminum and zirconium soaps of carboxylic acids.

  1. Engaging Moms on Teen Indoor Tanning Through Social Media: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pagoto, Sherry L; Baker, Katie; Griffith, Julia; Oleski, Jessica L; Palumbo, Ashley; Walkosz, Barbara J; Hillhouse, Joel; Henry, Kimberly L; Buller, David B

    2016-11-29

    Indoor tanning elevates the risk for melanoma, which is now the most common cancer in US women aged 25-29. Public policies restricting access to indoor tanning by minors to reduce melanoma morbidity and mortality in teens are emerging. In the United States, the most common policy restricting indoor tanning in minors involves parents providing either written or in person consent for the minor to purchase a tanning visit. The effectiveness of this policy relies on parents being properly educated about the harms of indoor tanning to their children. This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of a Facebook-delivered health communication intervention targeting mothers of teenage girls. The intervention will use health communication and behavioral modification strategies to reduce mothers' permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters' use of indoor tanning relative to an attention-control condition with the ultimate goal of reducing indoor tanning in both daughters and mothers. The study is a 12-month randomized controlled trial comparing 2 conditions: an attention control Facebook private group where content will be relevant to teen health with 25% focused on prescription drug abuse, a topic unrelated to tanning; and the intervention condition will enter participants into a Facebook private group where 25% of the teen health content will be focused on indoor tanning. A cohort of 2000 mother-teen daughter dyads will be recruited to participate in this study. Only mothers will participate in the Facebook groups. Both mothers and daughters will complete measures at baseline, end of intervention (1-year) and 6 months post-intervention. Primary outcomes include mothers' permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters' use of indoor tanning, teenage daughters' perception of their mothers' permissiveness, and indoor tanning by both mothers and daughters. The first dyad was enrolled on March 31, 2016, and we anticipate completing this study by October 2019

  2. Compositional analysis and physicochemical and mechanical testing of tanned rabbit skins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.L. R. Sousa

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Chemical composition and physicochemical and mechanical parameters of New Zealand White rabbit tanned skin were evaluated. Skin samples from 70-d-old males, in natura and semi-finished, were collected for evaluation. The in natura treatment comprise skins without any processing, while semi-finished treatment comprise skins after soaking, fleshing, liming, de-liming, purging, degreasing, pickling, tanning, neutralising, re-tanning and dyeing, followed by oiling, drying, stretching and softening. After tanning, samples from the dorsal and flank regions were removed for tensile and physicochemical testing in the longitudinal and transverse directions. A split plot design was used with plot treatments (leather regions: R1=dorsal and R2=flank and subplots directions (S1=longitudinal and S2=transversal, using 10 examples per treatment. At the end of processing, the leather analysis revealed low moisture (31.76%, protein (46.48% and fat content (24.95%, and a high ash content (8.58%. Leather presented a pH of 4.9 and contained 2.0% chromium oxide, 25.5% extractable substances in dichloromethane, and these characteristics were coupled with a higher tensile strength (10.84 N/mm2 in the dorsal region. However, samples in the same region proved to have higher elasticity (64.57% in the longitudinal direction, although there was no difference in the progressive tearing analysis (21.07-23.50 N/mm. Overall, our analyses suggest that, in this case, the tanned leather product does not have sufficient resistance for application in clothing production.

  3. "Oh yeah, they're looking": A thematic analysis of indoor UV tanning industry advertising and articles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prior, Suzanne M; Rafuse, Lindsay P

    2016-02-01

    Skin cancers are becoming more prevalent even though many can be prevented. Women are more knowledgeable than men about skin cancer, yet they are more likely to sunbathe deliberately and to use artificial tanning equipment. The purpose of this article is to examine messages that women receive about the benefits of a tan. Particularly, we focused on how the indoor UV tanning industry represents the value of a tan to women. We subjected five issues of Smart Tan Canada to thematic analysis. We examined language in advertisements and articles that promote an artificial tan to women. Four themes emerged: Be Beautiful and Sexy; Look Young; Feel Better; and Science, Health, and Nature. These themes are especially effective in a culture that routinely objectifies women and places a high degree of value on their appearance. We suggest that appearance-based interventions, media literacy training, and legislation could counteract the messages in the themes.

  4. Prevalence of Indoor Tanning and Association With Sunburn Among Youth in the United States.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guy, Gery P; Berkowitz, Zahava; Everett Jones, Sherry; Watson, Meg; Richardson, Lisa C

    2017-05-01

    Indoor tanning and sunburns, particularly during adolescence and young adulthood, increase the risk of developing skin cancer. To examine the trends in the prevalence of indoor tanning and the association between indoor tanning and sunburn among US high school students. This study pooled and examined cross-sectional data from the 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. During 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015, the overall response rates were 71%, 71%, 68%, and 60%, respectively, and unweighted sample sizes were 16 410, 15 425, 13 538, and 15 624, respectively. It included nationally representative samples of US high school students. Data were collected during the spring semester (January to June) in each survey cycle beginning February 9, 2009, through June 18, 2015. Prevalence of indoor tanning in the past year from 2009 to 2015 and its association with sunburn in 2015. Among high school students in the United States, the prevalence of indoor tanning decreased from 15.6% (95% CI, 13.7%-17.6%) in 2009 to 7.3% (95% CI, 6.0%-8.9%) in 2015. Decreases in indoor tanning were found among male (from 6.7% in 2009 to 4.0% in 2015) and female (from 25.4 % in 2009 to 10.6 % in 2015) students overall, non-Hispanic white (from 21.1 % in 2009 to 9.4% in 2015) and Hispanic (from 8.2% in 2009 to 4.7% in 2015) students overall, and all age groups. Among non-Hispanic white female students, the prevalence decreased from 37.4% (95% CI, 33.6%-41.4%) in 2009 to 15.2% (95% CI, 11.7%-19.5%) in 2015. In 2015, indoor tanning was associated with sunburn in the adjusted model: 82.3% (95% CI, 77.9%-86.0%) of indoor tanners had at least 1 sunburn during the preceding year compared with 53.7% (95% CI, 48.9%-58.4%) of those who did not engage in indoor tanning (P sunburn. Efforts by the public health and medical communities are needed to further reduce the prevalence of indoor tanning and sunburn and thus prevent future cases of skin cancer.

  5. Effect Of The Cash Cycle On Colombian Firm Profitability

    OpenAIRE

    Arcos Mora, Mauricio Alejandro; Benavides Franco, Julián

    2008-01-01

    Este artículo analiza el impacto del ciclo de efectivo sobre la rentabilidad de las empresas no financieras en Colombia. Se ha identificado de manera empírica el ciclo de efectivo como una medida apropiada para evaluar la gestión financiera y en especial como un elemento determinante de la administración de capital de trabajo. De igual forma, la literatura financiera ha sido recurrente en mostrar la relación que existe entre una administración de capital de trabajo adecuada y las mejoras en l...

  6. Evolución de la pérdida de peso en dos personas sometidas a un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza con distintos ejercicios

    OpenAIRE

    Giménez Romo, Javier

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia que tiene un entrenamiento de fuerza “tradicional”(ET)y un entrenamiento de fuerza con ejercicios más globales (EG) en dos personas distintas con obesidad para observar cuál de ellos es más efectivo tanto para la pérdida de grasa corporal como para la mejora del estado de forma. Y comparar el gasto energético que tienen estos dos tipos de entrenamiento. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que tanto un ET como un EG podrían ser efectivos par...

  7. Tan Silliksaar, Tõnu Ling : meie piltides ei ole mingit trikitamist ega skandaali / Tõnu Ling, Tan Silliksaar ; interv. Heli Salong

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ling, Tõnu

    2005-01-01

    Kuressaare kultuurikeskuses ja Saaremaa kunstistuudios avati Tõnu Lingi ja Tan Silliksaare fotonäitus-müük "Maameeste maastikud". Fotod on prinditud spetsiaalsele, kunsti reprodutseerimiseks mõeldud lõuendile. Autorid oma koostööst, fotodest, lõuenditehnikast

  8. Los videojuegos como mecanismos de transmisión educativa en las nuevas generaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Díez Gutiérrez, Enrique Javier

    2006-01-01

    Recogiendo palabras del autor, este trabajo se relaciona con los videojuegos y las claves sociales, mediáticas e institucionales que están creando un mundo y una sociedad tan violenta como la que vivimos. En el artículo se comenta el tema de los videojuegos en relación al sexismo, la violencia y se discute desde el ámbito de la investigación la opinión recurrente de que los videojuegos "no me afectan", entregando antecedentes y evidencias de contraste. Luego, desarrolla el tema del videojuego...

  9. La educación ambiental como base cultural y estrategia para el desarrollo sostenible

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Severiche-Sierra

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad se habla de educación ambiental como el medio más efectivo para concienciar a la población sobre la necesidad de preservar el ambiente con miras a lograr una mejor calidad de vida en las generaciones actuales y por venir. Pese a los esfuerzos por conservar los recursos naturales no se ha podido frenar el deterioro ambiental, debido, posiblemente, a que no logramos tener conciencia y actitud de respeto hacia la naturaleza. Se hizo una revisión sobre las investigaciones más recientes acerca de la trascendencia de la educación ambiental como base para optimizar la cultura presente y futura. El presente artículo de revisión tiene como principal analizar cualitativamente la literatura científica disponible en las bases de datos Science Direct, Scielo, Redalyc y páginas Web oficiales, empleando como palabras de búsqueda: ambiente, cultura, educación, sociedad, sostenibilidad. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con el objetivo propuesto, la cual se presenta en 3 secciones: la educación ambiental, un eje transversal, cultura y educación ambiental y educación para el desarrollo sostenible, estableciendo además la dimensión ambiental como estrategia para el avance en aspectos sociales, económicos y su contribución al desarrollo sostenible de nuestra sociedad. La educación ambiental es pilar fundamental de la generación de cambios de actitud y aptitud y de lograr un equilibrio entre el ser humano y su entorno. Se requiere del apoyo de casi todas las disciplinas, por lo que la resolución de los problemas ambientales debe contar con la participación activa de un amplio conjunto de personas e instituciones.

  10. Biointervention makes leather processing greener: an integrated cleansing and tanning system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thanikaivelan, Palanisamy; Rao, Jonnalagadda Raghava; Nair, Balachandran Unni; Ramasami, Thirumalachari

    2003-06-01

    The do-undo methods adopted in conventional leather processing generate huge amounts of pollutants. In other words, conventional methods employed in leather processing subject the skin/hide to wide variations in pH. Pretanning and tanning processes alone contribute more than 90% of the total pollution from leather processing. Included in this is a great deal of solid wastes such as lime and chrome sludge. In the approach described here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fiber opening have been achieved using biocatalysts at pH 8.0 for cow hides. This was followed by a pickle-free chrome tanning, which does not require a basification step. Hence, this tanning technique involves primarily three steps, namely, dehairing, fiber opening, and tanning. It has been found that the extent of hair removal, opening up of fiber bundles, and penetration and distribution of chromium are comparable to that produced by traditional methods. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic, stratigraphic chrome distribution analysis, and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally processed leathers through physical and hand evaluation. Importantly, softness of the leathers is numerically proven to be comparable with that of control. The process also demonstrates reduction in chemical oxygen demand load by 80%, total solids load by 85%, and chromium load by 80% as compared to the conventional process, thereby leading toward zero discharge. The input-output audit shows that the biocatalytic three-step tanning process employs a very low amount of chemicals, thereby reducing the discharge by 90% as compared to the conventional multistep processing. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the process is technoeconomically viable.

  11. Moneda, intercambios efectivos y desempleo keynesiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ludovic Julien

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es construir un modelo que produzca equilibrios con desempleo involuntario en una economía monetaria descentralizada. La existencia del desempleo involuntario reposa aquí sobre la organización monetaria de las transacciones. En tal economía, la moneda juega un papel esencial en la medida que permite la realización descentralizada de las transacciones y la determinación de los precios de mercado tanto en el equilibrio como en el desequilibrio.

  12. Large tan β in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rattazzi, R.

    1997-01-01

    We explore some topics in the phenomenology of gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking scenarios having a large hierarchy of Higgs VEVs, v U /v D = tan β>>1. Some motivation for this scenario is first presented. We then use a systematic, analytic expansion (including some threshold corrections) to calculate the μ-parameter needed for proper electroweak breaking and the radiative corrections to the B-parameter, which fortuitously cancel at leading order. If B = 0 at the messenger scale then tan β is naturally large and calculable; we calculate it. We then confront this prediction with classical and quantum vacuum stability constraints arising from the Higgs-slepton potential, and indicate the preferred values of the top quark mass and messenger scale(s). The possibility of vacuum instability in a different direction yields an upper bound on the messenger mass scale complementary to the familiar bound from gravitino relic abundance. Next, we calculate the rate for b→sγ and show the possibility of large deviations (in the direction currently favored by experiment) from standard-model and small tan β predictions. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings and their applicability to future, broader and more detailed investigations. (orig.)

  13. Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process with high chrome exhaustion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morera, Josep M; Bacardit, Anna; Ollé, Lluís; Bartolí, Esther; Borràs, Maria D

    2007-11-01

    In all tanning technology operations wastes are generated. These reach the environment as residual waters, solid and liquid waste as well as atmospheric emissions and odours. This study tests an alternative method to the traditional tanning method at an industrial level. The new method is based on tanning without float and by significantly increasing the temperature at the end of the tanning process. The properties of the leathers obtained using the two methods have been compared and the results indicate that those leathers have similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. However, the differences existing from the environmental point of view are significant. It is not necessary to use clean water for this tanning. Moreover, there is a 75% reduction of the residual float, a 91% reduction of the chrome discharged, and a 94% reduction of the chlorides discharged. A financial assessment was carried out to demonstrate that the newly proposed system is 32% more economic than the traditional one.

  14. Mechanisms of Low-Temperature Nitridation Technology on a TaN Thin Film Resistor for Temperature Sensor Applications.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Huey-Ru; Chen, Ying-Chung; Chang, Ting-Chang; Chang, Kuan-Chang; Tsai, Tsung-Ming; Chu, Tian-Jian; Shih, Chih-Cheng; Chuang, Nai-Chuan; Wang, Kao-Yuan

    2016-12-01

    In this letter, we propose a novel low-temperature nitridation technology on a tantalum nitride (TaN) thin film resistor (TFR) through supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) treatment for temperature sensor applications. We also found that the sensitivity of temperature of the TaN TFR was improved about 10.2 %, which can be demonstrated from measurement of temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). In order to understand the mechanism of SCCO2 nitridation on the TaN TFR, the carrier conduction mechanism of the device was analyzed through current fitting. The current conduction mechanism of the TaN TFR changes from hopping to a Schottky emission after the low-temperature SCCO2 nitridation treatment. A model of vacancy passivation in TaN grains with nitrogen and by SCCO2 nitridation treatment is eventually proposed to increase the isolation ability in TaN TFR, which causes the transfer of current conduction mechanisms.

  15. Current and ideal skin tone: Associations with tanning behavior among sexual minority men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klimek, Patrycja; Lamb, Kalina M; Nogg, Kelsey A; Rooney, Benjamin M; Blashill, Aaron J

    2018-06-01

    Sexual minority men have high rates of skin cancer, yet little is known about skin cancer risk behaviors in this population. It was hypothesized that current skin tone would moderate the association between darker ideals and tanning behaviors. Data were collected online from 231 sexual minority men in San Diego, United States of America, with a mean age of 24.66 (SD = 5.44). Ideal and current skin tone ratings and indoor and outdoor tanning behaviors were assessed. Darker ideals were significantly associated with increased indoor and outdoor tanning. The effect of darker ideals on tanning was strongest among individuals with lighter current skin tone, indicating a significant interaction. Sexual minority men whose perceived skin tone did not match their ideal were more likely to engage in skin cancer risk behaviors. Future skin cancer prevention programs aimed at sexual minority men may consider techniques that modify ideal skin tone internalization. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Completion summary for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 at Test Area North, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho

    Science.gov (United States)

    Twining, Brian V.; Bartholomay, Roy C.; Hodges, Mary K.V.

    2016-06-30

    In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. Borehole TAN-2271 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. Borehole TAN-2272 was partially cored between 210 and 282 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) then drilled and constructed as a monitor well. Boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 are separated by about 63 ft and have similar geologic layers and hydrologic characteristics based on geologic, geophysical, and aquifer test data collected. The final construction for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 required 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to total depths of 282 and 287 ft BLS, respectively. Depth to water is measured near 228 ft BLS in both boreholes. Following construction and data collection, temporary submersible pumps and water-level access lines were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.Borehole TAN-2271 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 33 ft BLS) to a depth of 284 ft BLS. Excluding surface sediment, recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2271 was better than 98 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, material examined from 33 to 211ft BLS primarily consists of two massive basalt flows that are about 78 and 50 ft in thickness and three sediment layers near 122, 197, and 201 ft BLS. Between 211 and 284 ft BLS, geophysical data and core material suggest a high occurrence of fractured and vesicular basalt. For the section of aquifer tested, there are two primary fractured aquifer intervals: the first between 235 and

  17. The impact of parental knowledge and tanning attitudes on sun protection practice for young children in Germany.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gefeller, Olaf; Li, Jiang; Uter, Wolfgang; Pfahlberg, Annette B

    2014-05-05

    Public health campaigns have improved knowledge on UVR-associated skin cancer risk and increased sun protection awareness. However, tanned skin is still a common beauty ideal. The relationship between knowledge, attitudes and protective behavior is not fully understood yet. A population-based survey was thus performed in the district of Erlangen involving 2,619 parents of 3- to 6-year old children. By means of a self-administered standardized questionnaire parental knowledge about risk factors for skin cancer, their attitudes towards tanning and details of protective measures taken for their children were assessed. The study analyzed specifically the impact of parental tanning attitudes on sun-protective measures for their children while controlling for parental knowledge about skin cancer risk factors. While parental knowledge was significantly (inversely) associated with agreement to the statement "Tanned skin is healthy skin", this was not the case for "Tanning makes me look better". Overall, tanning affirmative attitudes were inversely associated with protective measures taken for the children, whereas parental knowledge had a positive impact on sun protection at the beach only. Multivariable analyses provided evidence for an effect of parental attitude on protective behavior independent of parental knowledge. Tanning attitudes and tanned skin as the misguided ideal of beauty need to be addressed in future public health campaigns to enhance the effectiveness of preventive activities in changing sun protective behavior.

  18. The Impact of Parental Knowledge and Tanning Attitudes on Sun Protection Practice for Young Children in Germany

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olaf Gefeller

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Public health campaigns have improved knowledge on UVR-associated skin cancer risk and increased sun protection awareness. However, tanned skin is still a common beauty ideal. The relationship between knowledge, attitudes and protective behavior is not fully understood yet. A population-based survey was thus performed in the district of Erlangen involving 2,619 parents of 3- to 6-year old children. By means of a self-administered standardized questionnaire parental knowledge about risk factors for skin cancer, their attitudes towards tanning and details of protective measures taken for their children were assessed. The study analyzed specifically the impact of parental tanning attitudes on sun-protective measures for their children while controlling for parental knowledge about skin cancer risk factors. While parental knowledge was significantly (inversely associated with agreement to the statement “Tanned skin is healthy skin”, this was not the case for “Tanning makes me look better”. Overall, tanning affirmative attitudes were inversely associated with protective measures taken for the children, whereas parental knowledge had a positive impact on sun protection at the beach only. Multivariable analyses provided evidence for an effect of parental attitude on protective behavior independent of parental knowledge. Tanning attitudes and tanned skin as the misguided ideal of beauty need to be addressed in future public health campaigns to enhance the effectiveness of preventive activities in changing sun protective behavior.

  19. Risky business: Behaviors associated with indoor tanning in US high school students

    OpenAIRE

    Chapman, Stephanie; Ashack, Kurt; Bell, Eric; Sendelweck, Myra Ann; Dellavalle, Robert

    2017-01-01

    Background: Understanding of associations between indoor tanning and risky health related behaviors such as sexual activity and substance abuse among high school students across the United States is incomplete. Objective: To identify risky health related behaviors among high school students utilizing indoor tanning and analyze differences between state specific data. Methods: Results from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2013 in...

  20. Do non-melanoma skin cancer survivors use tanning beds less often than the general public?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wiznia, Lauren; Dai, Feng; Chagpar, Anees B

    2016-08-15

    Purpose Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), yet little is known about indoor tanning habits of individuals with a history of NMSC. Methods We examined self-reported history of NMSC and tanning bed use among non-Hispanic white respondents in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional population-based survey designed to be representative of the civilian US population. We computed weighted population estimates and standard errors using the Taylor series linearization method. We then evaluated chi-square tests of independence and conducted weighted logistic regression analyses to evaluate if NMSC status was a predictor of indoor tanning. Results In our analytic sample of 14,400 non-Hispanic white participants, representing 145,287,995 in the population, 543 participants (weighted proportion = 3.45%) self-reported a history of NMSC or "skin cancer type not known." In multivariate analyses, non-melanoma skin cancer survivors were no less likely to use tanning beds in the last 12 months than skin cancer free controls (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.34-1.43, p = 0.33). Conclusions Non-melanoma skin cancer survivors should be educated on their increased risk of recurrence and other skin cancers and in particular the role of indoor tanning in skin tumorigenesis.

  1. Depressive symptoms and indoor tanning among U.S. Hispanic adolescents: Results from a nationally representative sample.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonzales, Manuel; Blashill, Aaron J

    2018-01-01

    To examine the association between depressive symptoms and indoor tanning among U.S. Hispanic adolescents. Data were collected from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). In the current study, only Hispanic adolescents were included, which yielded a total weighted sample of 2,667 (men: N = 1,368; women: N = 1,299). Gender was also explored as a moderator in the association between depressive symptoms (sadness or hopelessness and suicidality) and indoor tanning. Logistic regressions were used, with past 12 month indoor tanning behavior (0 vs. 1 or more sessions) entered as the dependent variable. Across gender, sadness or hopelessness was associated with increased odds of indoor tanning (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.2, 3.0], p = .01); however, gender significantly moderated the association between suicidality and indoor tanning. Simple slope analyses revealed that suicidality was significantly associated with increased odds of indoor tanning only among boys (OR = 4.0, 95% CI [2.1, 7.5], p = .001) whereas a nonsignificant association was found among girls (OR = 0.8, 95% CI [0.4, 1.8], p = .65). Results suggest there is a differential relationship between suicidality and indoor tanning as function of gender among U.S. Hispanic adolescents. Skin cancer prevention programs for Hispanic youth may wish to consider the role of gender and negative affect in targeted campaigns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

  2. UV Tanning Equipment | Radiation Protection | US EPA

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-08-07

    Sun lamps and tanning equipment emit ultraviolet (UV) rays. People who are exposed to UV rays over a long period of time are more likely to develop skin cancer. People with light skin are in more danger because their skin is more sensitive to UV rays.

  3. Role of Pigments and Tannins in the Reaction of Tan and Red Near ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) plant pigments have been associated with resistance to leaf diseases and grain deterioration. Four near-isogenic pairs of tan and non-tan (red) sorghum lines were assayed for their phenolic content and evaluated for their reaction to leaf diseases along with six other sorghum lines.

  4. La creación de juzgados especiales en el Ecuador como mecanismo efectivo para la protección del medio ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Tomalá Bravo, Amadeo Mauricio

    2015-01-01

    El medio ambiente se encuentra amenazado por factores como la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales y la contaminación. De esta manera se pone en riesgo la salud y la vida de las personas, las mismas que el Estado debe proteger a través de políticas públicas oportunas y la adopción de las correspondientes medidas legislativas tendientes a la protección ambiental. La Constitución de la República del Ecuador dice que los derechos o principios son de inmediata aplicación. La Carta Magna...

  5. Predictors of Sun-Related Behaviors among Young Women: Comparisons between Outdoor Tanners, Fake Tanners, and Tan Avoiders

    Science.gov (United States)

    Day, Ashley K.; Oxlad, Melissa; Roberts, Rachel M.

    2013-01-01

    Objective: Skin cancer incidence continues to rise as a tanned appearance remains desirable, particularly among young women. Fake tanning provides a tanned appearance without exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In order to advance our understanding of the factors that contribute to long-term behavior change, this study explores determinants…

  6. Efectos combinados de la ampliación de la atención primaria de salud y de las transferencias condicionadas de dinero en efectivo sobre la mortalidad infantil en Brasil, 1998–2010*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guanais, Frederico C.

    2015-01-01

    Objetivos. Examiné los efectos combinados del acceso a la atención primaria mediante el Programa de Salud Familiar (PSF) y las transferencias condicionadas de dinero en efectivo del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) sobre la mortalidad infantil posneonatal (MIPN) en Brasil. Métodos. Empleé un análisis ecológico longitudinal usando datos en panel de 4 583 municipios brasileños de 1998 al 2010, con 54 253 observaciones en total. Estimé modelos de regresión de efectos fijos por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, con la tasa de MIPN como la variable dependiente y el PSF, el PBF y sus interacciones como las principales variables independientes de interés. Resultados. La asociación de una mayor cobertura del PSF con una menor tasa de MIPN se volvió más fuerte conforme aumentaba la cobertura del PBF. En los promedios de todas las demás variables, cuando la cobertura de PBF era 25%, la MIPN predicha fue 5,24 (intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95% = 4,95, 5,53) para una cobertura del PSF de 0%, y de 3,54 (IC de 95% = 2,77, 4,31) para una cobertura del PSF de 100%. Cuando la cobertura del PBF era de 60%, la MIPN predicha fue 4,65 (IC de 95% = 4,36, 4,94) para una cobertura del PSF de 0%, y de 1,38 (IC de 95% = 0,88, 1,89) para una cobertura del PSF de 100%. Conclusiones. El efecto del PSF depende de la ampliación del PBF. Para las poblaciones empobrecidas y subatendidas, la combinación de intervenciones tanto del lado de la oferta como del lado de la demanda podría ser necesaria para mejorar los resultados en salud.

  7. Chrome Tanning Leather of Giant Sea Perch Combined with Seed Extract Areca Nut on the Physical Characteristics

    OpenAIRE

    Bustami - Ibrahim; Ella - Salamah; Nurul - Hak; Ade Komalasari Suhendar

    2014-01-01

    Tanning is the process of converting raw hide protein to leather, which are stable, not easily decompose, and is suitable for a variety of uses. The use of vegetable based tanning materials in the leather tanning process has not been carried out. Vegetable based materials that were used are betel nuts. This plant contains tannin which is the main agent in the process of leather tanning. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of snapper leather treated with betel n...

  8. Literature in the foreign language syllabus: Engaging the student through active learning / El rol de la literatura en la enseñanza de lengua extranjera: la implicación del estudiante en el aula a través del aprendizaje activo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín Reyes Torres

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: ¿Por qué es tan importante para el profesor de lengua extranjera en la actualidad hacer uso de la literatura en el aula? Esta comunicación destaca el papel de la literatura a la hora de implicar al estudiante en el aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera y hacerle practicarla. El aprendizaje activo es en este sentido un factor clave para motivarle a leer y trabajar con los textos literarios. Del mismo modo, el rol del profesor como facilitador y el uso de estrategias como el seminario socrático constituyen recursos efectivos para situar al estudiante como sujeto central de la enseñanza, consiguiendo así su implicación y haciendo el aprendizaje más personal, significativo y memorable.Abstract: Why is it so important for foreign language teachers today to use literature in the classroom? This paper highlights the benefits of literature in making students more discerning users and consumers of language. Active learning is in this sense a key factor in engaging the learner with the literary works. Likewise, the role of the teacher as a facilitator and the use of strategies such as the Socratic Seminar constitute effective ways to shift the balance from teacher-centered to student-centered instruction, thus increasing students’ engagement and providing forums for learning to be more personal, meaningful, and memorable.

  9. Genome-wide association study in 176,678 Europeans reveals genetic loci for tanning response to sun exposure

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Visconti, A. (Alessia); D.L. Duffy (David); F. Liu (Fan); G. Zhu (Gu); Wu, W. (Wenting); C. Yan (Chen); P.G. Hysi (Pirro); C. Zeng (Changqing); Sanna, M. (Marianna); M.M. Iles (Mark M.); P.P. Kanetsky (Peter P.); F. Demenais (Florence); M.A. Hamer (Merel); A.G. Uitterlinden (André); M.A. Ikram (Arfan); T.E.C. Nijsten (Tamar); N.G. Martin (Nicholas); M.H. Kayser (Manfred); T.D. Spector (Timothy); J. Han (Jiali); V. Bataille (Veronique); M. Falchi (Mario)

    2018-01-01

    textabstractThe skin's tendency to sunburn rather than tan is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Here we report a large genome-wide association study of ease of skin tanning in 176,678 subjects of European ancestry. We identify significant association with tanning ability at 20 loci. We confirm

  10. Superior Mezenter Arter Embolisinde Erken Tanı ve Embolektomi

    OpenAIRE

    AYDIN, İbrahim; YÜCEL, Ahmet; PERGEL, Ahmet; KARAKAYA, Ahmet; OĞULLAR, Sabri; ŞAHİN, Dursun; ÖZER, Ender

    2016-01-01

    Akut mezenter arter embolisi, acil girişim gerektiren, nekroz geliştiğinde yaygın ince barsak rezeksiyonu ve sonrasında gelişen kısa barsak sendromu nedeniyle yaşam kalitesini düşüren, morbidite ve mortalitesi oldukça yüksek bir hastalıktır. Multidetektör kontrastlı BT, akut mezenterik embolinin erken tanısında oldukça önemlidir. Biz burada, kontrastlı abdominal BT ile erken tanı ve sonrasında bağırsak rezeksiyonu gerekmeden yalnızca embolektomi yaparak tedavi ettiğimiz olguyu sunmayı amaçlad...

  11. Gestión del conocimiento como vía hacia el éxito empresarial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Gerardo Barroso Tanoira

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Ante el entorno dinámico actual, las empresas requieren procesos efectivos de adquisición, uso, y transferencia de conocimiento que les permitan ser exitosas en sus mercados, por lo que la gestión del conocimiento es una importante fuente de ventaja competitiva. En este estudio, realizado en el Sureste de México, los resultados indican que las empresas que mejor administran su conocimiento son las manufactureras y las de servicio, así como también, que falta mejorar los esquemas de transferencia de este recurso en las empresas comerciales. De manera general, se observó que los mayores niveles de efectividad de gestión del conocimiento en las empresas son congruentes con un mejor desempeño organizacional y con un posicionamiento más fuerte en el mercado. Por lo tanto, puede afirmarse que la gestión del conocimiento es una vía hacia el éxito empresarial

  12. Study of the effect of microwaves on the tanning process in Tenebrio molitor L

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    You Hing Tchao; Huet, Claude; Lenoir-Rousseau, J.-J.

    1977-01-01

    The anterior part of Tenebrio molitor releases enzymatic substances inducing the tanning process of the adult cuticle. These substances would be released before larval-pupal ecdysis. Their presence at a low rate enables the tanning process to occur normally although later [fr

  13. Indoor tanning in businesses and homes and risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in 2 US case-control studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferrucci, Leah M; Vogel, Rachel Isaksson; Cartmel, Brenda; Lazovich, DeAnn; Mayne, Susan T

    2014-11-01

    Indoor tanning increases skin cancer risk. Beyond early research describing melanoma and sun lamps, few recent reports describe where individuals indoor tan and whether skin cancer risk varies by location (business, home-based). We sought to assess where individuals tanned indoors and skin cancer risk by tanning device location. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted in 2 US case-control studies of melanoma (1161 cases, 1083 controls, ages 25-59 years) and early-onset basal cell carcinoma (375 cases, 382 controls, agetanned exclusively in businesses. Persons who used indoor tanning exclusively in businesses were at increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.26) and basal cell carcinoma (odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.48) compared with non-users. Melanoma risk was also increased in the small number who reported tanning indoors only at home relative to non-users (odds ratio 4.14, 95% confidence interval 1.75-9.78); 67.6% used sun lamps. Self-reported tanning and potential recall bias are limitations. Business-only tanning, despite claims of "safe" tanning, was positively associated with a significant risk of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Home tanning was uncommon and mostly from sun lamps, which were rarely used by younger participants. Regardless of location, indoor tanning was associated with increased risk of skin cancer. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Characteristics of cholinoreceptors on identified TAN neurons of the ground snail Achatina fulica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stepanov, I I; Losev, N A

    2000-01-01

    The characteristics of cholinoreceptors located on neurons TAN1, TAN2, and TAN3 of the ground snail Achatina fulica were studied by incubation of the central ganglia in a bath with cholinotropic preparations during intracellular recording of background neuron spike activity. Acetylcholine, nicotine, the selective n-cholinoreceptor agonist suberyldicholine, and the selective n-cholinoreceptor agonist 5-methylfurmethide concentration-dependently inhibited background spike activity to the level of complete blockade at concentrations of 500 microM. The m-cholinoblocker metamizil (500 microM) completely prevented the inhibitory activity of concentrations of 5-methylfurmethide of up to 500 microM. The central n-cholinoblocker etherophen (500 microM) completely blocked the inhibitory activity of 500 microM suberyldicholine. However, metamizil and etherophen added separately only partially decreased the inhibitory effects of acetylcholine but could not completely block the effect of acetylcholine. At the same time, mixtures of metamizil and etherophen (500 microM each) completely blocked the inhibition of background spike activity induced by acetylcholine. These results show that both classes of cholinoreceptors act on TAN neurons in the same direction.

  15. Trends in tans and skin protection in Australian fashion magazines, 1982 through 1991.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chapman, S; Marks, R; King, M

    1992-01-01

    We rated 3971 photographs of models from midsummer editions of six Australian fashion magazines from 1982-1983 to 1990-1991 for tan on a 9-point scale, for the presence of hats, for sun-protective clothing, and for shade setting. With the exception of the 1990-1991 sample, there was an increasing proportion of light tans over the years. Men were more likely to be deeply tanned than were women. The proportion of models wearing hats followed an increasing linear trend across the five periods. Three quarters of the outdoor photographs were taken in unshaded settings. In unshaded settings, 17% of the women and 5% of the men wore hats. PMID:1456348

  16. Indoor tanning in businesses and homes and risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in two US case-control studies

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferrucci, Leah M.; Vogel, Rachel Isaksson; Cartmel, Brenda; Lazovich, DeAnn; Mayne, Susan T.

    2014-01-01

    Background Indoor tanning increases skin cancer risk. Beyond early research describing melanoma and sun lamps, few recent reports describe where individuals indoor tan and whether skin cancer risk varies by location (business, home-based). Objective Assess where individuals tanned indoors and skin cancer risk by tanning device location. Methods Multivariate logistic regression in two US case-control studies of melanoma (1,161 cases, 1,083 controls, ages 25–59) and early-onset basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (375 cases, 382 controls, under age 40) conducted between 2004 and 2010. Results Most indoor tanners (86.4–95.1%), especially younger individuals, tanned exclusively in businesses. Persons who used indoor tanning exclusively in businesses were at increased risk of melanoma (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.47–2.26) and BCC (OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.15–2.48) compared to non-users. Melanoma risk was also increased in the small number who reported tanning indoors only at home relative to non-users (OR=4.14, 95% CI=1.75–9.78); 67.6% used sun lamps. Limitations Self-reported tanning, potential recall bias. Conclusion Business only tanning, despite claims of “safe" tanning, was positively associated with a significant risk of melanoma and BCC. Home tanning was uncommon and mostly from sun lamps which were rarely used by younger participants. Regardless of location, indoor tanning was associated with increased risk of skin cancer. PMID:25062934

  17. Nutrición y Dietética como optativa para 4º de la ESO como medida de concienciación del alumnado sobre hábitos saludables, salud y obesidad

    OpenAIRE

    Delgado, Laura

    2012-01-01

    Este proyecto presenta la programación de una asignatura con la intención de suscitar interés y mejorar los conocimientos del alumnado en temas relacionados con la alimentación, la nutrición y la dietética y concienciarse de la situación actual de obesidad existente en su entorno, tomar medidas fundamentales en cuanto a hábitos sanos y saludables, tanto de alimentación como de ejercicio físico, para así poder frenar esta enfermedad tan grave, que cada vez afecta más a los jóven...

  18. PREVENCIÓN DE DELINCUENCIA JUVENIL: ¿QUÉ DEBEN TENER LOS PROGRAMAS PARA QUE SEAN EFECTIVOS?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nadjah Lexmarie Negrón Cartagena

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La delincuencia juvenil es un fenómeno que requiere una mirada multidisciplinaria . En esta investigación utilizamos el enfoque ecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1994 adaptado a la delincuencia juvenil por Frías - Armenta , López - Escobar y Díaz - Méndez (2003. Nuestro objetivo fue i dentificar y describir las características, factores y elementos que deben tener los programas de prevención de delincuencia juvenil efectivos , según jóvenes que participaban en programas que pretenden prevenir la deli ncuencia juvenil y profesionales expertos y expertas en el tema . Presentamos una investigación exploratoria descriptiva con método mixto. Utilizamos el cuestionario, grupo focal y la entrevista semi - estructurada que contestaron jóvenes y expertos/as en del incuencia juvenil . Presentamos resultados sobre los factores individuales , familiares y sociales que deben tener los programas. P rop onemos para Puerto Rico una política pública sobre prevención de delincuencia juvenil con los lineamientos sugeridos.

  19. Chrome Tanning Leather of Giant Sea Perch Combined with Seed Extract Areca Nut on the Physical Characteristics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bustami - Ibrahim

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Tanning is the process of converting raw hide protein to leather, which are stable, not easily decompose, and is suitable for a variety of uses. The use of vegetable based tanning materials in the leather tanning process has not been carried out. Vegetable based materials that were used are betel nuts. This plant contains tannin which is the main agent in the process of leather tanning. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of snapper leather treated with betel nut extract. Soxhlet extracting method with methanol as a solvent were used to obtain tannin from betel nuts. Tanned Snapper Leather were analyzed for physical quality, elongation strength, tensile strength, tear strength, and sewing strength. The result showed that methanol extracted betel nut with 10% concentration gives the optimum physical characteristics.Keywords: areca nut, chrome, snapper, snapper

  20. 40 CFR 425.20 - Applicability; description of the hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND FINISHING... cattle-like hides into finished leather by hair save unhairing, chrome tanning, and retan-wet finishing. ...

  1. Host characteristics, sun exposure, indoor tanning and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Veierød, Marit B; Couto, Elisabeth; Lund, Eiliv; Adami, Hans-Olov; Weiderpass, Elisabete

    2014-07-15

    Use of indoor tanning devices increases risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma, but the association with risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is unclear. Cohort studies of SCC risk are rare and we aimed to assess the association between SCC risk and host characteristics, sun exposure, and indoor tanning in a population-based cohort of Norwegian and Swedish women conjunctly with SCC incidence data from national cancer registries. Host characteristics and exposure to sun and indoor tanning devices before 50-years old were recorded by questionnaire at inclusion (30-50 years) in 1991/92. Multivariable relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Poisson regression. During follow-up of 106,548 women through December 2009, SCC was diagnosed in 141 women. Skin sensitivity to acute sun exposure was the most important pigmentation characteristic (RR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.47-5.05, for red with pain/red with pain and blisters versus brown). We found no consistent associations with sunburns and bathing vacations in the first five age decades, but a significant positive trend for bathing vacations summarized over ages 10-49 years (Ptrend  = 0.02). We also found significantly increased risks of SCC following indoor tanning at age 40-49 years (RR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.29-3.67, for ≥ 1 time/month versus never) and indoor tanning summarized over ages 10-49 years (Ptrend  = 0.001). RR for ever versus never use of indoor tanning over ages 10-49 years was 1.93 (95% CI 1.27-2.95). Propensity to burn was an important host characteristic, and bathing vacations and indoor tanning summarized over ages 10-49 years increased SCC risk. © 2013 UICC.

  2. Comparative statistical analysis of chrome and vegetable tanning effluents and their effects on related soil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tariq, Saadia R.; Shah, Munir H.; Shaheen, Nazia

    2009-01-01

    Two tanning units of Pakistan, namely, Kasur and Mian Channun were investigated with respect to the tanning processes (chrome and vegetable, respectively) and the effects of the tanning agents on the quality of soil in vicinity of tanneries were evaluated. The effluent and soil samples from 16 tanneries each of Kasur and Mian Channun were collected. The levels of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer under optimum analytical conditions. The data thus obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Most of the metals exhibited considerably higher concentrations in the effluents and soils of Kasur compared with those of Mian Channun. It was observed that the soil of Kasur was highly contaminated by Na, K, Ca and Mg emanating from various processes of leather manufacture. Furthermore, the levels of Cr were also present at much enhanced levels than its background concentration due to the adoption of chrome tanning. The levels of Cr determined in soil samples collected from the vicinity of Mian Channun tanneries were almost comparable to the background levels. The soil of this city was found to have contaminated only by the metals originating from pre-tanning processes. The apportionment of selected metals in the effluent and soil samples was determined by a multivariate cluster analysis, which revealed significant differences in chrome and vegetable tanning processes.

  3. Comparative statistical analysis of chrome and vegetable tanning effluents and their effects on related soil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tariq, Saadia R; Shah, Munir H; Shaheen, Nazia

    2009-09-30

    Two tanning units of Pakistan, namely, Kasur and Mian Channun were investigated with respect to the tanning processes (chrome and vegetable, respectively) and the effects of the tanning agents on the quality of soil in vicinity of tanneries were evaluated. The effluent and soil samples from 16 tanneries each of Kasur and Mian Channun were collected. The levels of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer under optimum analytical conditions. The data thus obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Most of the metals exhibited considerably higher concentrations in the effluents and soils of Kasur compared with those of Mian Channun. It was observed that the soil of Kasur was highly contaminated by Na, K, Ca and Mg emanating from various processes of leather manufacture. Furthermore, the levels of Cr were also present at much enhanced levels than its background concentration due to the adoption of chrome tanning. The levels of Cr determined in soil samples collected from the vicinity of Mian Channun tanneries were almost comparable to the background levels. The soil of this city was found to have contaminated only by the metals originating from pre-tanning processes. The apportionment of selected metals in the effluent and soil samples was determined by a multivariate cluster analysis, which revealed significant differences in chrome and vegetable tanning processes.

  4. Comparative statistical analysis of chrome and vegetable tanning effluents and their effects on related soil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tariq, Saadia R. [Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore (Pakistan); Shah, Munir H., E-mail: munir_qau@yahoo.com [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320 (Pakistan); Shaheen, Nazia [Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320 (Pakistan)

    2009-09-30

    Two tanning units of Pakistan, namely, Kasur and Mian Channun were investigated with respect to the tanning processes (chrome and vegetable, respectively) and the effects of the tanning agents on the quality of soil in vicinity of tanneries were evaluated. The effluent and soil samples from 16 tanneries each of Kasur and Mian Channun were collected. The levels of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer under optimum analytical conditions. The data thus obtained were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Most of the metals exhibited considerably higher concentrations in the effluents and soils of Kasur compared with those of Mian Channun. It was observed that the soil of Kasur was highly contaminated by Na, K, Ca and Mg emanating from various processes of leather manufacture. Furthermore, the levels of Cr were also present at much enhanced levels than its background concentration due to the adoption of chrome tanning. The levels of Cr determined in soil samples collected from the vicinity of Mian Channun tanneries were almost comparable to the background levels. The soil of this city was found to have contaminated only by the metals originating from pre-tanning processes. The apportionment of selected metals in the effluent and soil samples was determined by a multivariate cluster analysis, which revealed significant differences in chrome and vegetable tanning processes.

  5. TANNED LEATHERS PROPERTIES MODIFICATION AS A RESULT OF ARTIFICIAL AGEING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ROŞU Dan

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Leather is a high tech material with different application fields, such as automotive, manufacturing of leatherwear articles or clothing and footwear. Leather is a biomaterial obtained by processing animal skins. Unfortunately, raw animal hides are practically inutilizable, due to their microbiological instability and are affected by rotting. Microbiological stability is achieved by tanning, when the protein is crosslinked, followed by drying. After crosslinking and drying, the new material shows the required properties of sustainability, availability and an esthetically pleasing aspect to the touch, making it available across its entire range of applications. From a structural point of view the animal skins are constituted of collagen, which is a fibrilar protein with a high degree of supramolecular organization in triple helix form that endows softness, elasticity and mechanical strength. High quality standards and lack of toxicity are required in all cases. Leather colour changes during exposure to light radiations are considered a consequence of the presence of some products with weak photochemical resistance during fabrication. The study aims to compare changes in properties of leathers obtained using mineral tanning agents such as Cr III salts and those obtained with the more environment-friendly technology using acid hydrolysis. Accelerated aging studies were conducted on tanned leathers by exposing the samples to UV radiation with different irradiation doses and two wavelengths (254 and 365 nm under controlled humidity and temperature conditions. Structural changes caused by irradiation were studied by FTIR. Colour changes on the sample surfaces were assessed during irradiation with the CIEL a*b* system. The colour parameters variation (L*, a*, b* and colour differences have been discussed in correlation with structural changes, tanning method and irradiation conditions.

  6. Teens, Tweets, and Tanning Beds: Rethinking the Use of Social Media for Skin Cancer Prevention

    Science.gov (United States)

    Falzone, Ashley E.; Brindis, Claire D.; Chren, Mary-Margaret; Junn, Alexandra; Pagoto, Sherry; Wehner, Mackenzie; Linos, Eleni

    2018-01-01

    The incidence of skin cancer is rising in the U.S., and melanoma, the deadliest form, is increasing disproportionately among young white women. Indoor tanning is a modifiable risk factor for all skin cancers and continues to be used at the highest rates in young white women. Adolescents and young adults report personal appearance–based reasons for using indoor tanning. Previous research has explored the influences on tanning bed use, including individual factors as well as relationships with peers, family, schools, media influences, legislation, and societal beauty norms. Adolescents and young adults also have high rates of social media usage, and research is emerging on how best to utilize these platforms for prevention. Social media has the potential to be a cost-effective way to reach large numbers of young people and target messages at characteristics of specific audiences. Recent prevention efforts have shown that comprehensive prevention campaigns that include technology and social media are promising in reducing rates of indoor tanning among young adults. This review examines the literature on psychosocial influences on indoor tanning among adolescents and young adults, and highlights ways in which technology and social media can be used for prevention efforts. PMID:28818251

  7. LA EFICACIA COLECTIVA COMO ESTRATEGIA DE CONTROL SOCIAL DEL ESPACIO BARRIAL: EVIDENCIAS DESDE CUERNAVACA, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso Valenzuela Aguilera

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La capacidad diferencial de los vecindarios y colonias para impulsar valores compartidos entre los habitantes, así como para mantener controles sociales efectivos es un factor crucial en la variación de los niveles delictivos en las comunidades, lo cual sugiere que el fortalecimiento del tejido social así como de las capacidades comunitarias de organización resultarán en una reducción signi¿ cativa de los índices delictivos actuales. En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de la primera Encuesta de Seguridad Ciudadana para la ciudad de Cuernavaca 2010. Con una población cercana a los tres cuartos de millón de habitantes para la zona metropolitana, se aplicaron 520 encuestas para el municipio con un margen de error de 2,8%, una distribución de respuesta del 50,0% y un nivel de con¿ anza del 95,0%. El trabajo intenta demostrar la relación existente entre la percepción de inseguridad y el control social informal entre los residentes. Como parte de la metodología se construyeron cinco índices: control social del espacio, vulnerabilidad, e¿ cacia colectiva, legalidad y sentimiento de inseguridad. Los índices están referenciados geográ¿ camente lo que nos permite relacionar la percepción del miedo, el control social y la eficacia colectiva con el territorio urbano.

  8. Simulation of TanDEM-X interferograms for urban change detection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Welte, Amelie; Hammer, Horst; Thiele, Antje; Hinz, Stefan

    2017-10-01

    Damage detection after natural disasters is one of the remote sensing tasks in which Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors play an important role. Since SAR is an active sensor, it can record images at all times of day and in all weather conditions, making it ideally suited for this task. While with the newer generation of SAR satellites such as TerraSAR-X or COSMOSkyMed amplitude change detection has become possible even for urban areas, interferometric phase change detection has not been published widely. This is mainly because of the long revisit times of common SAR sensors leading to temporal decorrelation. This situation has changed dramatically with the advent of the TanDEM-X constellation, which can create single-pass interferograms from space at very high resolutions, avoiding temporal decorrelation almost completely. In this paper the basic structures that are present for any building in InSAR phases, i.e. layover, shadow, and roof areas, are examined. Approaches for their extraction from TanDEM-X interferograms are developed using simulated SAR interferograms. The extracted features of the building signature will in the future be used for urban change detection in real TanDEM-X High Resolution Spotlight interferograms.

  9. Nano-emulsion based on acrylic acid ester co-polymer derivatives as an efficient pre-tanning agent for buffalo hide

    OpenAIRE

    El-Monem, Farouk Abd; Hussain, Ahmed I.; Nashy, EL-Shahat H.A.; El-Wahhab, Hamada Abd; Naser, Abd El-Rahman M.

    2014-01-01

    Acrylic copolymer nanoemulsions were prepared based on methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). The prepared acrylic copolymer emulsions were characterized using solid content, rheological properties, molecular weight, MFFT and TEM. The prepared polymers were used as pre-tanning of the depickled hide to enhance the physico-mechanical properties of tanned leather. The key parameters which affect exhaustion and fixation of chrome tan as well as shrinkage temperature of the tanned leat...

  10. Tropical-forest biomass estimation at X-Band from the spaceborne TanDEM-X interferometer

    Science.gov (United States)

    R. Treuhaft; F. Goncalves; J.R. dos Santos; M. Keller; M. Palace; S.N. Madsen; F. Sullivan; P.M.L.A. Graca

    2014-01-01

    This letter reports the sensitivity of X-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the first dual-spacecraft radar interferometer, TanDEM-X, to variations in tropical-forest aboveground biomass (AGB). It also reports the first tropical-forest AGB estimates fromTanDEM-X data. Tropical forests account for...

  11. Structure de socle, sismostratigraphie et héritage structural au cours du rifting au niveau de la marge d'Ifni/Tan-Tan (Maroc sud-occidental)

    Science.gov (United States)

    AbouAli, Naïma; Hafid, Mohamad; Chellaï, El Hassane; Nahim, Mohamed; Zizi, Mahmoud

    2005-10-01

    Seismic reflection profiles from the Ifni/Tan-Tan Atlantic margin of southern Morocco, interpreted in the light of well data and field geology from the Western Anti-Atlas, allowed us to establish the seismostratigraphic framework of the syn-rift series and to reveal ( i) a compressional structural style in the pre-Triassic basement similar to that established in the adjacent outcropping onshore basement but with an opposed western vergence, ( ii) the importance of inherited anterior structures in the formation of Triassic-Liassic rift structures and ( iii) an east-west propagation of these rift structures. To cite this article: N. AbouAli et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).

  12. Hobbes en Sinaloa, o del corrido como resolución poética a un orden social marcado por la violencia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa De la Garza Chávez

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo muestra cómo una veta de la producción actual de corridos constituye una forma tan innovadora como radical de actuar frente a una realidad social que tiene mucho en común con el «estado de naturaleza» que Hobbes imaginó como causante del primer pacto político de la historia de la humanidad. En el México de hoy, en el que no se observa otra cosa que el fracaso de la política, la única opción para garantizar la conservación de sí parece radicar en la poética.

  13. Astragalus friederikeanus Kit Tan & Zeitlinger (Fabaceae), a new species from south Anatolia, Turkey

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tan, Kit; Zeitlinger, Jörg

    2007-01-01

    A new species from south Anatolia, Turkey, Astragalus friederikeanus Kit Tan & Zeitlinger (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. The diagnostic morphological characters separating it from other members of sect. Onobrychium Boiss. are listed.......A new species from south Anatolia, Turkey, Astragalus friederikeanus Kit Tan & Zeitlinger (Fabaceae), is described and illustrated. The diagnostic morphological characters separating it from other members of sect. Onobrychium Boiss. are listed....

  14. Variability of pre-vitamin D3 effectiveness of UV appliances for skin tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sayre, Robert M; Dowdy, John C; Shepherd, James G

    2010-07-01

    While there is limited documentation that certain indoor tanning lamps effectively produce vitamin D, the diversity of such devices has not been extensively surveyed. This study compares the spectral effectiveness of a variety of tanning units, and solar spectra, for ultraviolet (UV) photosynthesis of pre-vitamin D3 (preD3) and UV induced erythema. Well-established techniques exist for the calculation of spectral effectiveness for photobiological responses that have defined action spectra. Using spectroradiometric data from sunlamp measurements, and standard solar reference spectra, we computed effective irradiances using the CIE action spectrum for the production of preD3 in human skin and the ISO/CIE human erythema reference action spectrum. We found, as with sunlight at different times or latitude, the preD3 and erythemal effectiveness of sunlamps varied as a function of the UV-B proportion of the spectrum. Ratios of sunlamp preD3 to erythemal effectiveness ranged from approximately 0.5 to nearly 2.0, similar to ratios for sunlight. Optimal risk to benefit conditions for preD3 from solar UV exposure occurs under high solar altitude, low zenith angle, midday midsummer sunlight. Analogous optimal preD3 exposure conditions are provided by low to intermediate pressure sunlamps with greater UV-B spectral overlap with the preD3 action spectrum. Similar to low altitude or high latitude sunlight, high pressure tanning units, filtered for negligible UV-B emissions, have insignificant vitamin D benefit. We conclude that while vitamin D can be made by both UVB exposure from indoor tanning units and by exposure UVB from sunlight, the effect is also comparably variable. Unlike sunlight, indoor tanning offers privacy and environmental conditions for practical full body exposure, lowering the requisite exposure per skin surface area, and device timers limit the potential of overexposure. Guidance for optimal use of tanning sources for vitamin D benefit is needed. Copyright (c

  15. Tanning Shade Gradations of Models in Mainstream Fitness and Muscle Enthusiast Magazines: Implications for Skin Cancer Prevention in Men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Basch, Corey H; Hillyer, Grace Clarke; Ethan, Danna; Berdnik, Alyssa; Basch, Charles E

    2015-07-01

    Tanned skin has been associated with perceptions of fitness and social desirability. Portrayal of models in magazines may reflect and perpetuate these perceptions. Limited research has investigated tanning shade gradations of models in men's versus women's fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines. Such findings are relevant in light of increased incidence and prevalence of melanoma in the United States. This study evaluated and compared tanning shade gradations of adult Caucasian male and female model images in mainstream fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines. Sixty-nine U.S. magazine issues (spring and summer, 2013) were utilized. Two independent reviewers rated tanning shade gradations of adult Caucasian male and female model images on magazines' covers, advertisements, and feature articles. Shade gradations were assessed using stock photographs of Caucasian models with varying levels of tanned skin on an 8-shade scale. A total of 4,683 images were evaluated. Darkest tanning shades were found among males in muscle enthusiast magazines and lightest among females in women's mainstream fitness magazines. By gender, male model images were 54% more likely to portray a darker tanning shade. In this study, images in men's (vs. women's) fitness and muscle enthusiast magazines portrayed Caucasian models with darker skin shades. Despite these magazines' fitness-related messages, pro-tanning images may promote attitudes and behaviors associated with higher skin cancer risk. To date, this is the first study to explore tanning shades in men's magazines of these genres. Further research is necessary to identify effects of exposure to these images among male readers. © The Author(s) 2014.

  16. 40 CFR 425.30 - Applicability; description of the hair save or pulp, non-chrome tan, retan-wet finish subcategory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS LEATHER TANNING AND... processes raw or cured cattle or cattle-like hides into finished leather by hair save or pulp unhairing, vegetable tanning or alum, syntans, oils and other agents for tanning, and retan-wet finishing. ...

  17. Skin deep: Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in Canadian women's magazines (2000-2012).

    Science.gov (United States)

    McWhirter, Jennifer E; Hoffman-Goetz, Laurie

    2015-06-18

    Skin cancer is a significant public health problem among Canadians. Knowledge and attitudes about health are informed by mass media. The aim of our study was to describe the volume and nature of coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in Canadian women's magazines. Directed content analysis on article text and images in six popular Canadian women's magazines (Chatelaine, Canadian Living, Homemakers, Flare, FASHION, ELLE Canada) from 2000-2012 with attention to risk factors, ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure and protection behaviours, and early detection. Six popular American women's magazines were used for a between-country comparison. There were 154 articles (221 images) about skin cancer and tanning published over 13 years. Volume of coverage did not increase in a linear fashion over time. The most common risk factor reported on was UV exposure (39%), with other risk factors less frequently identified. Although 72% of articles promoted sunscreen use, little content encouraged other protection behaviours. Only 15% of articles and 1% of images discouraged indoor tanning, while 41% of articles and 53% of images promoted the tanned look as attractive. Few articles (<11%) reported on early detection. Relative to American magazines, Canadian magazines had a greater proportion of content that encouraged sunscreen use and promoted the tanned look and a lesser proportion of content on risk factors and early detection. Skin cancer and tanning messages in Canadian women's magazines had a narrow focus and provided limited information on risk factors or screening. Conflicting messages about prevention (text vs. images) may contribute to harmful UV behaviours among Canadian women.

  18. Evaluation of the process of descarnes deliming waste of a process of tanning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian Peñates F

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available The productive transformation process in furs leather developed in the tanning industry generates different types of waste that should have a proper handling. This research consisted of find a separation of waste lime treatment of suede desencalado of the tanning process stage the process of tanning to be used in different applications. Descarnes whitewashed were selected for the implementation of 6 treatments with three replications of deliming through baths with water at room temperature by controlling the factors time in 3 levels (2, 3 and 4 hours and sulfuric acid as an agent decalcifier at two levels 1 and 2(N. The best results in this process were obtained with the treatment with a concentration of sulfuric acid 2N and an agitation time of 3 hours.

  19. Teens, Tweets, and Tanning Beds: Rethinking the Use of Social Media for Skin Cancer Prevention.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Falzone, Ashley E; Brindis, Claire D; Chren, Mary-Margaret; Junn, Alexandra; Pagoto, Sherry; Wehner, Mackenzie; Linos, Eleni

    2017-09-01

    The incidence of skin cancer is rising in the U.S., and melanoma, the deadliest form, is increasing disproportionately among young white women. Indoor tanning is a modifiable risk factor for all skin cancers and continues to be used at the highest rates in young white women. Adolescents and young adults report personal appearance-based reasons for using indoor tanning. Previous research has explored the influences on tanning bed use, including individual factors as well as relationships with peers, family, schools, media influences, legislation, and societal beauty norms. Adolescents and young adults also have high rates of social media usage, and research is emerging on how best to utilize these platforms for prevention. Social media has the potential to be a cost-effective way to reach large numbers of young people and target messages at characteristics of specific audiences. Recent prevention efforts have shown that comprehensive prevention campaigns that include technology and social media are promising in reducing rates of indoor tanning among young adults. This review examines the literature on psychosocial influences on indoor tanning among adolescents and young adults, and highlights ways in which technology and social media can be used for prevention efforts. Copyright © 2017 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Nano-emulsion based on acrylic acid ester co-polymer derivatives as an efficient pre-tanning agent for buffalo hide

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Farouk Abd El-Monem

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Acrylic copolymer nanoemulsions were prepared based on methyl methacrylate (MMA and butyl acrylate (BA. The prepared acrylic copolymer emulsions were characterized using solid content, rheological properties, molecular weight, MFFT and TEM. The prepared polymers were used as pre-tanning of the depickled hide to enhance the physico-mechanical properties of tanned leather. The key parameters which affect exhaustion and fixation of chrome tan as well as shrinkage temperature of the tanned leather were studied and evaluated using SEM, shrinkage temperature and the mechanical properties of the pre-tanned leather. The results showed that, the prepared polymers A & C are the best polymers in improving the physical properties of the treated leather. Furthermore, the shrinkage temperature and the mechanical properties of the tanned leather were improved. In addition, a significant enhancement in the texture of the leather treated by the polymers was noticed as proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM.

  1. Alkali-free method of hide preparation for tanning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    V. Valeika

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Usually, beamhouse processes are carried out by varying a medium from strongly alkaline (unhairing-liming up to strongly acid (pickling. This study is designed to develop a preparation of hide for tanning via processes that avoid a sharp change of hide pH. Enzymes active in acid medium are employed for hide unhairing in a buffer system containing 2.5% acetic acid and 0.3% sodium acetate. An oxidative treatment with peracetic acid then allows the complete removal of residual hair and scud. During both processes, unhairing and oxidative treatment, the opening of the derma structure occurs: 13.3-14.6g of non-collagen proteins are removed and amount of dermatan sulphate decreases by 35%. The hide obtained can be chromed directly after the above processes and subsequent treatment with sodium chloride solution omitted conventional pickling. The pH of the hide varies in the range of 8.3-3.7 during the processes of preparation for tanning.

  2. Creating the first indoor tan-free skin smart college campus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessica S. Mounessa

    2017-06-01

    One campus, East Tennessee State University (ETSU, successfully fulfilled all criteria and implemented the policy change to become the first US Indoor Tan-Free Skin Smart Campus. The greatest challenge faced in recruiting campuses was gaining administrative support. Reported reasons for not adopting the policy change included wanting to wait for other schools to join first and not seeing it as a top priority. Despite the importance of improving skin cancer awareness and decreasing tanning among university students, we faced several challenges in promoting campus-wide policy change. We identify a need for research on effective ways to disseminate university health policies and increased involvement of healthcare providers in policy-related work.

  3. Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ochoa, P.

    2002-02-01

    Full Text Available Piezoelectric ceramic materials have an important number of applications that is continuing increasing. One of these applications is as driving element in the design of an accelerometer. They may be used in monitoring vibration for the automobile and aeroespacial industries and robotic or civil engineering. The cymbal transducer is a good candidate for accelerometer applications due to its high effective piezoelectric charge coefficients. In this work it is shown that changes in the geometry and size of the caps improve the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity of the cymbal accelerometer increases with decreasing cap size. The mechanical vibration response of the cymbal is studied and different properties, like resonant frequency, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and fastest response time are compared.

    Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se comprueba que modificando la geometría y el tamaño de las cápsulas se optimiza el comportamiento del sensor. Concretamente una disminución en el tamaño de las cápsulas se traduce en un aumento de la sensibilidad del acelerómetro. También se muestran los espectros de impedancia y se comparan distintas propiedades como son la frecuencia de resonancia, coeficiente de acoplo electromecánico y tiempo mínimo de respuesta.

  4. Mechanisms of Zn(II) binded to collagen and its effect on the capacity of eco-friendly Zn-Cr combination tanning system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Shan; Liu, Bing; Cheng, Baozhen; Lu, Fuping; Wang, Yanping; Li, Yu

    2017-01-05

    The eco-friendly combination tanning process has been developed to reduce chromium in existing researches, which is based on zinc tanning agents. This can be considered as a less-chrome substitute for current tanning process. To gain deeper understanding of the binding mechanisms of zinc-collagen interaction, which are affected by tanning pH, experiments have been carried out. Analysis in this paper reveals how chemical bonds from the collagen's main function groups combine with zinc. XPS and NIR data was analyzed for further understanding of where the zinc binding sites lie on collagen fibers at different pH. The results indicate that high pH is helpful to amino-binding sites while low pH promotes carboxyl-binding sites on collagen fibers. Furthermore, from the effect of Zinc-chrome combination tanning, we can see that the new method reduces the chromium dosage in tanning process compared to the conventional chrome tanning method. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. INTERPRETACIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL Y JUDICIAL. COMO LEER SENTENCIAS JUDICIALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Rodríguez Alzate

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El Estado colombiano es un Estado social de derecho (así lo define el Artículo 1º de nuestra Carta Política, con el cual se busca la realización de la justicia social y la dignidad humana mediante la sujeción de las autoridades públicas a los principios, derechos y deberes sociales de orden constitucional. De allí, se desprende que sea tan importante el Derecho Constitucional, ya que es la principal rama del derecho público por cuanto participa en todos los estamentos propios de lo jurídico y especialmente de la estructura del Estado como base de todo ordenamiento institucional político, razón por la cual al entenderse como la disciplina del derecho encargada de los estudios conceptuales de los estados sociales de derecho, es vital tanto el surgimiento de la Constitución Política como de su interpretación, desde el estudio de sus fundamentos hasta la asimilación de una hermenéutica jurídica que encamine a todos los gobernados por la norma de normas. De acuerdo al concepto anteriormente señalado, se hace necesario valorar el alcance de la Interpretación Constitucional en el contexto general de la Carta Magna facilitando la exégesis judicial y su contenido crítico, llegando a una conexión explicativa de cualquier problema jurídico y extrajurídico.

  6. Chromium(III) release from chromium‐tanned leather elicits allergic contact dermatitis: a use test study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Erfani, Behnaz; Matura, Mihály; Lidén, Carola

    2018-01-01

    Summary Background Chromium (Cr) is a common skin sensitizer. The use of Cr(VI) in leather is restricted in the EU, but that of Cr(III) is not. Objectives To assess whether prolonged exposure to Cr‐tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release may elicit allergic contact dermatitis in Cr‐allergic individuals. Method Ten Cr‐allergic subjects and 22 controls were patch tested with serial dilutions of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), and with leather samples. They then conducted a use test with a Cr‐tanned and a Cr‐free leather bracelet over a period of 3 weeks, for 12 h per day. Cr deposited on the skin from the bracelets was measured in the controls, and the diphenylcarbazide test for Cr(VI) and extraction tests for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were conducted for the different leathers. Results Four of 10 Cr‐allergic subjects developed positive reactions to the Cr‐tanned bracelet within 7–21 days, whereas only 1 of 10 had a positive patch test reaction to this leather. Cr released from the Cr‐tanned leather was most probably entirely Cr(III), with a quantifiable amount being deposited on the skin. Conclusions This study strongly suggests that prolonged and repeated exposure to Cr‐tanned leather with mainly Cr(III) release is capable of eliciting allergic contact dermatitis in Cr‐allergic individuals. PMID:29322530

  7. The Power of Interconnectivity: Tan Sitong's Invention of Historical Agency in Late Qing China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hung-yok Ip

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available To explore how Chinese Buddhists acted as trailblazers of Engaged Buddhism, I shall analyze a late nineteenth-century thinker, Tan Sitong 譚嗣同 (1865–1898. The focus of my analysis is his masterpiece, Renxue 仁學. From his position of Buddhist eclecticism, Tan discoursed at length on non-differentiation as the truth of the universe to reflect on the creative disposition of human agency. He described in Renxue how this disposition would contribute to the agendas defining Chinese modernity. In addition, discussing the meanings of non-differentiation, Tan also generalized about the nature of the human agency he attempted to advocate: while he perceived the human agency blessed with a non-differentiating mindset as an omnipotent history-making force, he also argued that it did not confer upon its owner the status of world savior. In fact, in his view, the efficacy of a non-differentiating mind was determined by the world it aimed to help. Tan's signature piece, I argue, provides a lens through which we can observe modern Chinese Buddhism's role as an important part of the global formation of Engaged Buddhism.

  8. Chrome-tanned leather shavings as a filler of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Przepiórkowska, A; Chrońska, K; Zaborski, M

    2007-03-06

    The noxious wastes from the tanning industry such as chrome-tanned leather shavings were used as the only filler of rubber mixes containing carboxylated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (XNBR) or butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR), and a dispersing agent Limanol PEV (Schill & Seilacher). The best form addition of leather powder to the rubber mixes is mixed the waste protein with zinc oxide. The leather powder added to the rubber mixes improves the mechanical properties: tensile strength (T(s)), elongation at break (epsilon(b)) and increase the cross-linking density of carboxylated XNBR and NBR rubber mixes. Satisfactory results of these studies are presented in this work.

  9. Improvement of Technological Properties of a Vegetal Tanning Agent in Gas Discharge Plasma

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khairullin, A. K.; Voznesensky, E. F.; Rakhmatullina, G. R.; Sabirov, A. M.; Tikhonova, N. V.

    2017-11-01

    The article considers the possibility of modification of the vegetal tanning agent quebracho in the plasma of a radio-frequency induction discharge at low pressure. It is established that plasma treatment leads to a decrease in the size of colloid fractions and a decrease in the molecular weight, while the functionality of the vegetal tanning agent is preserved. Application of the obtained product in the process of leather retanning allows improving its physical, mechanical and consumer properties.

  10. TanDEM-X the Earth surface observation project from space level - basis and mission status

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jerzy Wiśniowski

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available TanDEM-X is DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt the Earth surface observation project using high-resolution SAR interferometry. It opens a new era in space borne radar remote sensing. The system is based on two satellites: TerraSAR-X (TSX and TanDEM-X (TDX flying on the very close, strictly controlled orbits. This paper gives an overview of the radar technology and overview of the TanDEM-X mission concept which is based on several innovative technologies. The primary objective of the mission is to deliver a global digital elevation model (DEM with an unprecedented accuracy, which is equal to or surpass the HRTI-3 specifications (12 m posting, relative height accuracy ±2 m for slope < 20% and ±4 m for slope > 20% [8]. Beyond that, TanDEM-X provides a highly reconfigurable platform for the demonstration of new radar imaging techniques and applications.[b]Keywords[/b]: remote sensing, Bistatic SAR, digital elevation model (DEM, Helix formation, SAR interferomery, HRTI-3, synchronization

  11. Agenda-setting effects of sun-related news coverage on public attitudes and beliefs about tanning and skin cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dixon, Helen; Warne, Charles; Scully, Maree; Dobbinson, Suzanne; Wakefield, Melanie

    2014-01-01

    The topics and framing of news stories relevant to skin cancer prevention have shifted over time. This study examined agenda-setting effects of such news stories on public attitudes and beliefs about tanning and skin cancer. Content analysis data on 516 articles published in two major daily newspapers in Melbourne, Australia, from 1994 to 2007 were combined with circulation data to generate indices of potential news exposure. Associations between these indices and cross-sectional telephone survey data from the same period on 6,244 adults' tanning attitudes and perceived susceptibility to skin cancer were examined using logistic regression models, accounting for the temporal precedence of news content. Pro-sun protection stories on attitudes and behavior were associated with older adults not thinking a tan looks healthy. Pro-sun protection stories on solaria were associated with less preference for a deep tan among young adults who like to suntan. Stories on vitamin D that were unsupportive of or ambiguous about sun protection were associated with a number of pro-tan attitudes among younger adults. Results indicate news coverage during 1994-2007 served an important agenda-setting role in explaining the public's attitudes and beliefs about tanning and skin cancer. Vitamin D stories appeared most influential, particularly among young adults.

  12. Laser vibrometry in the quality control of the break of tanned leather

    Science.gov (United States)

    Preciado, J. Sanchez; Lopez, C. Perez; Hernandez-Montes, M. del Socorro; Torre-Ibarra, M. de la; Moreno, J. M. Flores; Ruiz, C. Tavera; Mendoza Santoyo, F.; Galan, M.

    2018-05-01

    Tanning industry treats hides and the skin of animals for their use in products such as clothes, furniture and car's interiors. The worth of leather is highly affected by defects that may appear prior or during the tanning process. Break, which refers to the wrinkling of the grain surface of leather, is one of the main issues because it affects not only the visual appearance of leather, but also its mechanical properties. The standardized method to classify the break pattern is done by bending the leather with the hand and comparing visually the resulting wrinkles that appear with a reference pattern, which makes the classification subjective and limits the evaluation to small areas. Laser vibrometry is an optical technique that has been applied in vibrational and modal analysis, which are methodologies used to obtain the mechanical properties of materials. This work demonstrates the use of a single-point vibrometer as a noncontact and nondestructive optical method to discriminate among five break levels, which could increase the effectiveness of leather classification for quality control in the tanning industry.

  13. Study of the dechroming of tanned leather wastes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Botić Tatjana

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available According to European legislation, it is not possible to dump any chromium-containing waste in Europe. The minimization of wastes is a key element in that strategy. It involves the application of clean technologies: low and non-waste technologies. The tanning industry generates substantial quantities of chromium-containing solid waste in the form of shavings and trimmings. The recycling and reuse of those wastes must be the primary target in optimizing processes of the leather industry. The problem is in a satisfying chromium separation from collagen fibers. Common hydrolysis processes-alkaline or acidic-give gelatins containing residual chromium (III. By using an oxidation agent (H2O2 before alkaline hydrolysis, in was demonstrated that chromium from chromium-containing leather wastes can be almost fully recovered by the previous oxidation of Cr(III to Cr(VI. This chromium can be reused in the tanning process. That would represent an economic saving. The best result of the dechroming process was a gelatin hydrolyzate with only 1.11 in respect to the initial amount.

  14. Uso efectivo de las redes sociales como herramientas comunicacionales para la promoción de destinos turísticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Felipe Espinoza Méndez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Actualmente vivimos en una sociedad donde los consumidores indagan constantemente sobre la reputación de una marca o empresa prestadora de servicios, siendo las redes sociales la principal herramienta para obtener tal información. Las empresas se han valido de esta situación para aprovechar éstas con el objeto de promocionar a gran escala sus productos y servicios, permitiéndoles alcanzar una audiencia mucho más representativa que los medios tradicionales de difusión no logra. El sector turístico mira con buenos ojos las ventajas que brindan las plataformas de redes sociales para comercializar online destinos turísticos, pudiendo captar la atención de turistas para que visiten una región determinada. Sin embargo, la incursión a este entorno por parte de las agencias de viajes en la Isla de Margarita, se cataloga como accidental, no planificada, poco sistemática y discontinua; haciéndose necesario elaborar una estrategia de contenido digital que comercialice de forma honesta, coherente y progresiva los productos y servicios disponibles al turista. En consecuencia, se proponen líneas de acción estratégica, que basadas en el Modelo AIDA alcancen una comunicación efectiva con el cliente, capte su atención, despierte su interés por un producto, provoque su deseo de adquirirlo y genere la necesidad por contratar los servicios ofrecidos.

  15. Determination of total chromium in tanned leather samples used in car industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeiner, Michaela; Rezić, Iva; Ujević, Darko; Steffan, Ilse

    2011-03-01

    Despite the high competition of synthetic fibers leather is nowadays still widely used for many applications. In order to ensure a sufficient stability of the skin matrix against many factors, such as microbial degradation, heat and sweat, a tanning process is indispensable. Using chromium (III) for this purpose offers a multitude of advantages, thus this way of tanning is widely applied. During the use of chromium tanned leather as clothing material as well as for decoration/covering purposes, chromium is extracted from the leather and may then cause nocuous effects to human skin, e.g. allergic reactions. Thus the knowledge of the total chromium content of leather samples expected to come into prolonged touch with human skin is very important. In car industry leather is used as cover for seats, steering wheel and gearshift lever The chromium contents often chromium tanned leather samples used in car industry were determined. First all samples were dried at 65 degrees C overnight and then cut in small pieces using a ceramic knife, weighed and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma--optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acidic microwave assisted digestion. The total chromium amounts found were in the range from 19 mg/g up to 32 mg/g. The extraction yield of chromium from leather samples in sweat is approximately 2-7%. Thus especially during long journeys in summer chromium can be extracted in amounts which may cause nocuous effects for example on the palm of the hands or on the back.

  16. Auriculopuntura como tratamiento de la ansiedad para la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Esperanza Mirabal Mirabal

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la auriculoterapia es una modalidad terapéutica de la Medicina Tradicional y Natural con disímiles aplicaciones de tratamiento. Objetivo: demostrar la efectividad de la auriculoterapia para disminuir la ansiedad en la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal en el servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" en el período comprendido entre julio-agosto del 2013. El universo estuvo constituido por todas las pacientes (N=352 que acudieron a la consulta preoperatoria para la realización de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo y se adoptó como muestra, las pacientes que acudieron a dicha consulta n=53. Resultados: la mayoría de las pacientes corresponden al grupo de la edad fértil de las féminas, el 96% se encontraban con un nivel alto de ansiedad antes del proceder, posterior a este se solamente un 6% de las pacientes mostró tener niveles bajos de ansiedad (-30 puntos, no encontrándose niveles medios ni altos. Conclusiones: la auriculoterapia es una técnica segura; económica y sencilla y el esquema de puntos seleccionados fue efectivo para el tratamiento de la ansiedad en pacientes sometidas a legrado uterino como método de interrupción voluntaria del embarazo.

  17. UN SISTEMA DE SIMULACIÓN COMO ALTERNATIVA EN EL ENTRENAMIENTO DE HABILIDADES DEPORTIVAS ABIERTAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    F. García

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available

     

    RESUMEN

    Este artículo describe un sistema de simulación computarizada como ampliación a anteriores trabajos en sistemas automatizados de control de la información. Se describen las características de este sistema que le permiten su aplicación al entrenamiento deportivos de hablidades motoras abiertas. Estas habilidades se desarrollan en un entorno variable que puede ser reproducido por una computadora a partir de imágeners digitalizadas. Los resultados de este sistema permiten considerarlo como un medio efectivo de entrenamiento.
    PALABRAS CLAVE: Simulación computarizada, sistema automatizado, habilidades motoras abiertas.

     

    ABSTRACT

    This paper describes a computer-simulation system applied to sport sciences. This system is outcome of previous works in automatic systems of control of information. The features of this system and its applicability to learning of open motor skills are described. Open skills take place in an unpreditable environment and a computer is capable of recur it with digitalized images showed around the subjet in a laboratory. The results suggest that computer-simulation can be an effective way to train this motor skills.
    KEY WORDS: Computer simulation, automatic system, open motor skill.

  18. Modeling of TAN in recirculating aquaculture systems by AQUASIM

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Arvin, Erik; Pedersen, Lars-Flemming

    2011-01-01

    in Hirtshals, Denmark (Pedersen et al., 2009). Water from the fish rearing tank is treated in a sedimentation tank and subsequently by biological treatment in a submerged biofilter and in a trickling filter. Generally, the performance of the biological treatment was very well and average TAN concentrations...

  19. [Posterior lamellar keratoplasty with DSEK technique and use of the Tan EndoGlide - short-term results].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kałuiny, Bartłomiej J; Piotrowiak, Ilona; Sołdańska, Beata; Grzybek, Katarzyna; Czajkowska, Monika; Galas, Małgorzata; Malukiewicz, Grazyna

    2013-01-01

    To present the differences in surgical technique of DSEK (Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty) with the use of Tan EndoGlide (Coronet, UK) and Busin Glide (Moria, FR). Short-term results will also be presented, DSEK was performed in 24 eyes, in 8 cases the surgery was combined with cataract phacoemulsification and lOL implantation. Surgery course and 6 months postoperative results of first 12 eyes performed with the use of Tan EndoGlide were compared with 12 consecutive eyes preformed with Busin Glide. Tan EndoGlide provided much more stable anterior chamber, donor tissue unfolding process was better controlled but the incision was wider incision. Surgically induced mean refractory cylinder 6. months after the surgery was 1.56 - 1.15 Dsph in Tan EndoGlide group and 1.18 +/- 1.10 Dsph in Busin Glide group (P 0.05). Mean CDVA was 0.65+/- 0.27 and 0.63 +/- 0.25, respectively (P>0,05). Statistically significant differences in intra- and post-operative complications between both groups were not found. The Tan EndoGlide used during posterior lamellar keratoplasty with DSEK technique is a good alternative to currently used methods. It provides better stabilization of the anterior chamber, however its use is linked with higher postoperative astigmatism in comparison with Busin Glide. The visual outcomes and endothelial cell loss 6 months after the surgery were similar in both groups.

  20. Changes in Sun Tanning Attitudes and Behaviors of U.S. College Students from 1995 to 2005

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pettijohn, Terry F., II; Pettijohn, Terry F.; Geschke, Kaela S.

    2009-01-01

    To investigate changes in U.S. college student sun tanning attitudes and behaviors over the last decade, participants completed sun tanning attitude and behavior surveys in 1995 (n=151) and a different sample of participants completed surveys in 2005 (n=208). Consistent with predictions, results indicated that college students were more likely to…

  1. From metaphor to allegory : The Japanese manga Afuganisu-tan

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cornevin, V.; Forceville, C.

    2017-01-01

    Afuganisu-tan is an online manga by Timaking, published in English online in 2005, that presents selected historical events of modern Afghanistan in a series of 29 episodes plus an appendix. An episode consists of a four-panel micro-narrative in which Afghanistan and the countries with which its

  2. Effect of gamma radiation on chrome-tanned sheepskin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaldirimci, C.

    1982-01-01

    Effect of 60 γ-radiation on chrome-tanned, blue-stock sheepskin was investigated. Radiation was applied between 0.35-10.5 Mrad and the resultant physical and mechanical changes were observed. Radiation did not change the water adsorption capability of leather but caused significant reductions in shrinkage temperature and tensile strength. The correlations between dose and radiation hazards were determined. (author)

  3. The MSSM with large tan(beta) beyond the decoupling limit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hofer, L.; Scherer, D.; Nierste, U.

    2009-01-01

    If the parameter tan(beta) of the MSSM is large, enhanced loop corrections must be resumed to all orders in perturbation theory. We perform this resummation for flavour-diagonal and flavour-violating tan-beta-enhanced corrections without resorting to the decoupling limit, in which the MSSM is reduced to an effective 2HDM. Our results enable us to clarify the dependence of the resumed expressions on the renormalization scheme and to cover two new classes of processes with supersymmetric particles, which are both intractable with the conventional effective-2HDM method: The first class are collider processes with external supersymmetric particles; the second class are loop processes which vanish in the decoupling limit of supersymmetry. Applying the resummation formulae to FCNC processes in B physics, we find an interesting new effect in observables in which the chromomagnetic effective operator is important. (author)

  4. El miedo como factor de legitimación del desgobierno neoliberal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Giménez Merino

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available La desigualdad que define nuestro tiempo obliga a reconsiderar la cuestión de qué tipo de legitimidad es la que permite sostener un mundo tan injusto y cómo es posible que éste no alumbre una respuesta organizada a la insatisfacción. Aquí se plantea que dicha legitimidad está conformada por una acumulación de elementos, entre los que destaca la política del miedo. El resultado es una imposición generalizada de las políticas neoliberales orientadas hacia un mismo fin, como estamos viendo en el caso de los países europeos azotados por la deuda en paralelo al más reciente caso de Brasil, ejemplo de lo que algunos ya denominan «golpes de estado blandos».

  5. Radiation induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto chrome-tanned pig skins

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pietrucha, K.; Pekala, W.; Kroh, J.

    1981-01-01

    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto chrome-tanned pig skins was carried out by irradiation with 60 Co γ-rays. The grafted polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chains were isolated by acid hydrolysis of the collagen backbone in order to characterize the graft copolymers. Proof of grafting was obtained through the detection of amino acid endgroups in the isolated grafts by reaction with ninhydrin. The grafting yield of MMA in aqueous emulsion was found to be higher than that for pure MMA and MMA in acetone. The degree of grafting increases with increasing monomer concentration in emulsion and reaches maximum at radiation dose ca 15 kGy. The yield of grafting is very high. The present paper reports the physical properties of chrome-tanned pig skins after graft polymerization with MMA in emulsion. Modified leathers are more resistant against water absorption and abrasion in comparison with unmodified ones. They have more uniform structure over the whole surface, greater thickness and stiffness. The mechanism of some of the processes occurring during radiation grafting of MMA in water emulsion on tanned leathers has been also suggested and discussed. (author)

  6. Radiation induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto chrome-tanned pig skins

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pietrucha, K.; Pekala, W.; Kroh, J. (Lodz Univ. (Poland))

    1981-01-01

    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto chrome-tanned pig skins was carried out by irradiation with /sup 60/Co ..gamma..-rays. The grafted polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chains were isolated by acid hydrolysis of the collagen backbone in order to characterize the graft copolymers. Proof of grafting was obtained through the detection of amino acid endgroups in the isolated grafts by reaction with ninhydrin. The grafting yield of MMA in aqueous emulsion was found to be higher than that for pure MMA and MMA in acetone. The degree of grafting increases with increasing monomer concentration in emulsion and reaches maximum at radiation dose ca 15 kGy. The yield of grafting is very high. The present paper reports the physical properties of chrome-tanned pig skins after graft polymerization with MMA in emulsion. Modified leathers are more resistant against water absorption and abrasion in comparison with unmodified ones. They have more uniform structure over the whole surface, greater thickness and stiffness. The mechanism of some of the processes occurring during radiation grafting of MMA in water emulsion on tanned leathers has been also suggested and discussed.

  7. Control of electrical resistivity of TaN thin films by reactive sputtering for embedded passive resistors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kang, S.M.; Yoon, S.G.; Suh, S.J.; Yoon, D.H.

    2008-01-01

    Tantalum nitride thin films were deposited by radio frequency (RF) reactive sputtering at various N 2 /Ar gas flow ratios and working pressures to examine the change of their electrical resistivity. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and four-point probe sheet resistance measurements of the TaN x films, it was found that the change of the crystalline structures of the TaN x films as a function of the N 2 partial pressure caused an abrupt change of the electrical resistivity. When the hexagonal structure TaN thin films changed to an f.c.c. structure, the sheet resistance increased from 16 Ω/sq to 1396 Ω/sq. However, we were able to control the electrical resistivity of the TaN thin film in the range from 69 Ω/sq to 875 Ω/sq, with no change in crystalline structure, within a certain range of working pressures. The size of the grains in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images seemed to decrease with the increase of working pressure

  8. Accuracy assessment of the global TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Model with GPS data

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wessel, Birgit; Huber, Martin; Wohlfart, Christian; Marschalk, Ursula; Kosmann, Detlev; Roth, Achim

    2018-05-01

    The primary goal of the German TanDEM-X mission is the generation of a highly accurate and global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with global accuracies of at least 10 m absolute height error (linear 90% error). The global TanDEM-X DEM acquired with single-pass SAR interferometry was finished in September 2016. This paper provides a unique accuracy assessment of the final TanDEM-X global DEM using two different GPS point reference data sets, which are distributed across all continents, to fully characterize the absolute height error. Firstly, the absolute vertical accuracy is examined by about three million globally distributed kinematic GPS (KGPS) points derived from 19 KGPS tracks covering a total length of about 66,000 km. Secondly, a comparison is performed with more than 23,000 "GPS on Bench Marks" (GPS-on-BM) points provided by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS) scattered across 14 different land cover types of the US National Land Cover Data base (NLCD). Both GPS comparisons prove an absolute vertical mean error of TanDEM-X DEM smaller than ±0.20 m, a Root Means Square Error (RMSE) smaller than 1.4 m and an excellent absolute 90% linear height error below 2 m. The RMSE values are sensitive to land cover types. For low vegetation the RMSE is ±1.1 m, whereas it is slightly higher for developed areas (±1.4 m) and for forests (±1.8 m). This validation confirms an outstanding absolute height error at 90% confidence level of the global TanDEM-X DEM outperforming the requirement by a factor of five. Due to its extensive and globally distributed reference data sets, this study is of considerable interests for scientific and commercial applications.

  9. Evaluación de la celulosa de papel y de las cenizas de carbón, como materiales aislantes alternativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ALEJANDRO MUÑOZ

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Se construyó un medidor de conductividad térmica de materiales sólidos según las recomendaciones de las Normas ASTM C518 y C177. El equipo sirvió para medir la conductividad térmica como una función de la temperatura de dos materiales de desecho sólidos, cenizas de carbón y una mezcla de celulosa de papel con cemento. La conductividad de las cenizas fue tan baja como 0.073 W/mK a una temperatura de 250ºC y la conductividad de la mezcla de celulosa de papel con cemento fue de 0.241 W/mK a una temperatura de 160ºC. Esto muestra que ambos materiales tienen propiedades de aislantes térmicos como para usarse industrialmente. Las cenizas de carbón que soportan altas temperaturas pueden reemplazar la costosa fibra cerámica.

  10. Preparation of high exhaust chrome from leather shavings and hydrocarbons with its application in leather processing for green tanning technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nawaz, H.R.; Solangi, B.A.; Nadeem, U.; Zehra, B.

    2010-01-01

    The use of chrome in tanning has made the remarkable advances to achieve the best quality and quantity of leather. But the chrome tanning process is associated with the generation of heavy metal containing solid wastes and toxic effluents. To solve the environmental issues we emphasized on the development of high exhaust chrome complex from chrome containing leather wastes that could minimize the toxic effluents up to negligible limit. Therefore in the synthetic process of chrome tanning material, the chrome shavings and the hydrocarbons have been utilized as a reductant as well as the potential masking intermediates. These chrome tanning materials have been prepared using leather shavings alone in product A, partial replacement of shavings by hydrocarbons for product B and then replacement of hydrocarbons by molasses for product C. The materials have been employed for the tanning of goat skins parallel to the commercial basic chromium sulfate (BCS). (author)

  11. When Does Perceived Susceptibility to Skin Cancer Influence Indoor Tanning? The Moderating Role of Two Risk Perception Beliefs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carcioppolo, Nick

    2016-11-01

    Previous research has demonstrated an inconsistent relationship between perceived susceptibility to skin cancer and indoor tanning. The current study explored potential moderators of this relationship to better understand how risk perceptions can impact indoor tanning intentions and behavior. A national online survey (N = 267) was administered in the United States to establish the relationship between perceived susceptibility to skin cancer, cancer fatalism, and external risk attribution beliefs on indoor tanning intentions and behavior. Results revealed significant 3-way interactions among these risk perceptions on both intentions and behavior that run contrary to much of the published research on perceived susceptibility and health behavior. These findings suggest that the relationship between perceived susceptibility to skin cancer and indoor tanning is conditional on other risk perceptions. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.

  12. The supersymmetric Higgs sector and $B-\\overline{B}$ mixing for large tan $\\beta$

    CERN Document Server

    Gorbahn, Martin; Nierste, Ulrich; Trine, Stephanie

    2009-01-01

    We match the Higgs sector of the most general flavour breaking and CP violating minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) onto a generic two-Higgs-doublet model, paying special attention to the definition of tan beta in the effective theory. In particular no tan beta-enhanced loop corrections appear in the relation to tan beta defined in the DRbar scheme in the MSSM. The corrections to the Higgs-mediated flavour-changing amplitudes which result from this matching are especially relevant for the B_d and B_s mass differences dM_s,d for minimal flavour violation, where the superficially leading contribution vanishes. We give a symmetry argument to explain this cancellation and perform a systematic study of all Higgs-mediated effects, including Higgs loops. The corrections to dM_s are at most 7% for mu>0 and M_A tau^+ nu or B -> X_s gamma. We further update supersymmetric loop corrections to the Yukawa couplings, where we include all possible CP-violating phases and correct errors in the literature. The possi...

  13. Generation and performance assessment of the global TanDEM-X digital elevation model

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rizzoli, Paola; Martone, Michele; Gonzalez, Carolina; Wecklich, Christopher; Borla Tridon, Daniela; Bräutigam, Benjamin; Bachmann, Markus; Schulze, Daniel; Fritz, Thomas; Huber, Martin; Wessel, Birgit; Krieger, Gerhard; Zink, Manfred; Moreira, Alberto

    2017-10-01

    The primary objective of the TanDEM-X mission is the generation of a global, consistent, and high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with unprecedented global accuracy. The goal is achieved by exploiting the interferometric capabilities of the two twin SAR satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, which fly in a close orbit formation, acting as an X-band single-pass interferometer. Between December 2010 and early 2015 all land surfaces have been acquired at least twice, difficult terrain up to seven or eight times. The acquisition strategy, data processing, and DEM calibration and mosaicking have been systematically monitored and optimized throughout the entire mission duration, in order to fulfill the specification. The processing of all data has finally been completed in September 2016 and this paper reports on the final performance of the TanDEM-X global DEM and presents the acquisition and processing strategy which allowed to obtain the final DEM quality. The results confirm the outstanding global accuracy of the delivered product, which can be now utilized for both scientific and commercial applications.

  14. Permanent Closure of the TAN-664 Underground Storage Tank

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bradley K. Griffith

    2011-12-01

    This closure package documents the site assessment and permanent closure of the TAN-664 gasoline underground storage tank in accordance with the regulatory requirements established in 40 CFR 280.71, 'Technical Standards and Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and Operators of Underground Storage Tanks: Out-of-Service UST Systems and Closure.'

  15. La Carne como Maldición: Efectos Desde el Derecho Humano a la Alimentación Adecuada y de la Garantía de Seguridad Alimentaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bianca Pazzini

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Versa este artículo sobre la necesidad de aplicar un efectivo derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada. Por lo tanto, se muestra imprescindible tratarlo de acuerdo con la garantía de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, lo que demuestra lo mucho más complejo que el simple derecho a "no pasar hambre". Se entiende, en este contexto, que la producción y el consumo de carne de animales por los seres humanos aparecen como perjudiciales para la aplicación de este derecho, por sus altos costos ambientales y sociales. Es urgente construir una nueva forma de pensar la alimentación, con el fin de hacerla más integrada con los derechos humanos, los derechos de los animales y el medio ambiente.

  16. Una investigación sobre el tinglado: el deporte como asunto académico y el boxeo como tema antropológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Quitián Roldán

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Explorar las connotaciones socioculturales, de una práctica corporal intensa como el boxeo, resultó una aventura académica de dimensiones insospechadas. Quizá suene exagerado afirmarlo así, pero no se puede negar que eso es, en el fondo, lo que buscan todas las indagaciones antropológicas: desentrañar el adn cultural que fundamenta folclores particulares y universales. Hallar en la aldea el genoma de la civilización. El presente artículo reseña el paso a paso de un trabajo de grado (tesis propuesto y desarrollado en la maestría de antropología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Cómo un tema sin tradición en ciencias sociales y cómo un deporte tan oscuro y poco estudiado como el pugilato fueron abordados debe provocar, al menos, curiosidad académica. De contera, examinar la metodología (una etnografía, el basamento teórico (plagado de citas literarias, musicales y cinematográficas y los hallazgos, puede ilustrar no sólo de las dificultades y oportunidades de un trabajo de este tipo, sino animar al sondeo de otros caminos en la escritura de textos científicos. Finalmente, ubicar el deporte como hecho social total y, dentro de él, al boxeo, contribuye a superar el rezago intelectual que suponía que los deportes eran temas baladíes que nada tenían que decirnos de lo que somos. Síntesis de lo que significa el boxeo para los colombianos en dónde el lenguaje también se sube al ring.

  17. "Darkness Overcomes You": Shaun Tan and Søren Kierkegaard

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johansen, Martin Blok

    2015-01-01

    This article analyses Shaun Tan's picturebook "The Red Tree" using some of the central concepts of existentialism developed by the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard argued that being a person entails a coming-to-be ["tilblivelse"], and for the person this coming-to-be manifests itself as a task. The task is to…

  18. Eco-ciudades a escala humana como base de un sistema urbano sustentable: asentamientos compactos, especializados, autoregulados y en red| una pieza clave del concepto urbano de sustentabilidad

    OpenAIRE

    Méndez Aguilera, Julio Mario

    2011-01-01

    La sustentabilidad depende de la capacidad de las ciudades de suplir las necesidades básicas de sus habilidades en campos tan diversos como el social y el de la conectividad, es un concepto íntegro, que requiere transformaciones que sobrepasan la esfera ambiental y por consiguiente exige intervenciones que solucionen más que problemáticas puntuales de contaminación y de deterioro del medio, en es

  19. Tannin Fingerprinting in Vegetable Tanned Leather by Solid State NMR Spectroscopy and Comparison with Leathers Tanned by Other Processes

    OpenAIRE

    Jan H. van der Westhuizen; David G. Reid; Melinda J. Duer; Susan L. Bonnet; Frederik H. Romer; Andrew P. Underwood; Nadine D. Senekal

    2011-01-01

    Solid state 13C-NMR spectra of pure tannin powders from four different sources – mimosa, quebracho, chestnut and tara – are readily distinguishable from each other, both in pure commercial powder form, and in leather which they have been used to tan.  Groups of signals indicative of the source, and type (condensed vs. hydrolyzable) of tannin used in the manufacture are well resolved in the spectra of the finished leathers.  These fingerprints are compared with those arising from leathers tann...

  20. Knowledge about Ultraviolet Radiation Hazards and Tanning Behavior of Cosmetology and Medical Students.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuba, Ewelina Bogumiła; Francuzik, Wojciech; Malicki, Przemysław; Osmola-Mańkowska, Agnieszka; Jenerowicz, Dorota

    2016-04-01

    Dear Editor, Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-known physical hazard responsible for photoaging, photoallergic, and phototoxic reactions as well as carcinogenesis, including life-threatening melanomas (1,2). Overexposure to both natural and artificial UV radiation is a public health concern. 30% of cancers diagnosed worldwide are skin cancers. Approximately three million non-melanoma skin cancers and 132 000 new cases of melanomas are diagnosed globally each year (3). Sunburns, especially in childhood, are a very important risk factor for melanomas. Several studies demonstrated a positive association between sunbed use and an increased incidence of malignant melanoma (4). Current medical and cosmetology students will soon be knowledge providers about the risks of excessive exposure to UV radiation and prophylaxis of its consequences. Our aim was to evaluate their knowledge about the side effects of ultraviolet radiation and tanning behaviors. Details on the knowledge and habits of students were obtained during classes at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. With approval from the Institutional Bioethical Committee, a 41-question anonymous survey was conducted in the spring of 2012 among 190 medical (1-6 year) and cosmetology students (1-5 year). The mean age of the study group was 22.3 years (standard deviation (SD) = 2.4 years), range 19-28 years. The survey was composed of closed and open-ended questions prepared by the authors. The first part of the form included demographic data: gender, age, degree course, and school year. The students were also asked about their reaction to sunlight, sunburns in childhood, and personal and family history of skin cancers or dysplastic nevus syndrome. The factual section of the survey contained questions evaluating responder knowledge about sunbeds and risk of UV radiation as well as their personal tanning habits. The open-ended questions asked responders to provide definitions of: skin phototype, sun protection factor

  1. Click chemistry approach to conventional vegetable tanning process: accelerated method with improved organoleptic properties.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krishnamoorthy, Ganesan; Ramamurthy, Govindaswamy; Sadulla, Sayeed; Sastry, Thotapalli Parvathaleswara; Mandal, Asit Baran

    2014-09-01

    Click chemistry approaches are tailored to generate molecular building blocks quickly and reliably by joining small units together selectively and covalently, stably and irreversibly. The vegetable tannins such as hydrolyzable and condensed tannins are capable to produce rather stable radicals or inhibit the progress of radicals and are prone to oxidations such as photo and auto-oxidation, and their anti-oxidant nature is well known. A lot remains to be done to understand the extent of the variation of leather stability, color variation (lightening and darkening reaction of leather), and poor resistance to water uptake for prolonged periods. In the present study, we have reported click chemistry approaches to accelerated vegetable tanning processes based on periodates catalyzed formation of oxidized hydrolysable and condensed tannins for high exhaustion with improved properties. The distribution of oxidized vegetable tannin, the thermal stability such as shrinkage temperature (T s) and denaturation temperature (T d), resistance to collagenolytic activities, and organoleptic properties of tanned leather as well as the evaluations of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicates the cross section of tightness of the leather. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis shows that the T d of leather is more than that of vegetable tanned or equal to aldehyde tanned one. The leathers exhibited fullness, softness, good color, and general appearance when compared to non-oxidized vegetable tannin. The developed process benefits from significant reduction in total solids and better biodegradability in the effluent, compared to non-oxidized vegetable tannins.

  2. Occupational cancers in leather tanning industries: A short review

    OpenAIRE

    Rastogi S; Kesavachandran C; Mahdi Farzana; Pandey Amit

    2007-01-01

    Work in leather tanning involves exposure to a wide range of chemicals. Some of these are carcinogens or suspected carcinogens. Increased risks for a number of cancers have been reported among the tannery workers. In the present review, a detailed account of lung cancer, testicular cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer among tannery workers is mentioned.

  3. La inversión en publicidad y su efecto en las Medianas Empresas de Guayaquil

    OpenAIRE

    Falquez Arce, Catalina; Silva Guerrero, Blanca; Rojas Herrera, Vanessa

    2017-01-01

    El análisis de las alternativas para mejorar las ventas en las medianas empresas puede presentar el dilema sobre qué tan efectivo será invertir en publicidad. Si bien es cierto que referentes de la aplicación de estrategias de mercadotecnia confirman los efectos de información, persuasión y recordación que obtiene la publicidad, los actuales contextos económicos y sociales exigen mejores argumentos de apoyo. Por lo tanto, y a pesar de que pueden presentarse un sinnúmero de variables relaciona...

  4. The physiological and phenotypic determinants of human tanning measured as change in skin colour following a single dose of ultraviolet B radiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Terence H; Jackson, Ian J; Rees, Jonathan L

    2010-07-01

    Experimental study of the in vivo kinetics of tanning in human skin has been limited by the difficulties in measuring changes in melanin pigmentation independent of the ultravioletinduced changes in erythema. The present study attempted to experimentally circumvent this issue. We have studied erythemal and tanning responses following a single exposure to a range of doses of ultraviolet B irradiation on the buttock and the lower back in 98 subjects. Erythema was assessed using reflectance techniques at 24 h and tanning measured as the L* spectrophotometric score at 7 days following noradrenaline iontophoresis. We show that dose (P skin colour (P skin colour (P = 0.0365) or, as an alternative to skin colour, skin type (P = 0.0193) predict tanning, with those with lighter skin tanning slightly more to a defined UVB dose. If erythema is factored into the regression, then only dose and body site remain significant predictors of tanning: therefore neither phototype nor pigmentary factors, such as baseline skin colour, or eye or hair colour, predict change in skin colour to a unit erythemal response.

  5. 75 FR 33683 - Indoor Tanning Services; Cosmetic Services; Excise Taxes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-06-15

    ..., pedicures and other cosmetic or spa treatments; and access to sport or exercise facilities) in addition to..., and tanning lotions; manicures, pedicures and other cosmetic or spa treatments; and access to sport or...); (ii) Sleep disorders; (iii) Seasonal affective disorder or other psychiatric disorder; (iv) Neonatal...

  6. TanZamBo Capacity Building for HIV Prevention Research Network ...

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    This grant will support the development of HIV/AIDS prevention trial expertise in Botswana, Tanzania and Zambia using existing collaborations between Africa, Canada and the United States. The Botswana-Tanzania-Zambia Capacity Building Network (TanZamBo) is composed of two African institutions with fairly well ...

  7. 76 FR 46677 - Indoor Tanning Services; Cosmetic Services Excise Taxes

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-03

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 40 and 49 [REG-112841-10] RIN 1545-BJ40 Indoor Tanning Services; Cosmetic Services Excise Taxes AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice of public hearing on proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: This document provides notice...

  8. FDA Proposes New Safety Measures for Indoor Tanning Devices: The Facts

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Related Consumer Updates Indoor Tanning: The Risks of Ultraviolet Rays 5 Tips for a Healthy Vacation More in Consumer Updates Animal & Veterinary Children's Health Cosmetics Dietary Supplements Drugs Food Medical Devices Nutrition Radiation-Emitting Products Tobacco Products ...

  9. Evaluate the use of tanning agent in leather industry using material flow analysis, life cycle assessment and fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alfarisi, Salman; Sutono, Sugoro Bhakti; Sutopo, Wahyudi

    2017-11-01

    Tanning industry is one of the companies that produce many pollutants and cause the negative impact on the environment. In the production process of tanning leather, the use of input material need to be evaluated. The problem of waste, not only have a negative impact on the environment, but also human health. In this study, the impact of mimosa as vegetable tanning agent evaluated. This study will provide alternative solutions for improvements to the use of vegetable tanning agent. The alternative solution is change mimosa with indusol, gambier, and dulcotan. This study evaluate the vegetable tanning of some aspects using material flow analysis and life cycle assessment approach. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impact of vegetable tanning agent. Alternative solution selection using fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM) approach. Results obtained by considering the environment, human toxicity, climate change, and marine aquatic ecotoxicity, is to use dulcotan.

  10. Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis (EE/CA) for Decommissioning of TAN-607 Hot Shop Area

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    J. P. Floerke

    2007-02-05

    Test Area North (TAN) -607, the Technical Support Facility, is located at the north end of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Site. U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office (DOE-ID) is proposing to decommission the northern section of the TAN-607 facility, hereinafter referred to as TAN-607 Hot Shop Area, under a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) non-time-critical removal action (NTCRA). Despite significant efforts by the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) to secure new business, no future mission has been identified for the TAN-607 Hot Shop Area. Its disposition has been agreed to by the Idaho State Historical Preservation Office documented in the Memorandum of Agreement signed October 2005 and it is therefore considered a surplus facility. A key element in DOE's strategy for surplus facilities is decommissioning to the maximum extent possible to ensure risk and building footprint reduction and thereby eliminating operations and maintenance cost. In addition, the DOE's 2006 Strategic Plan is ''complete cleanup of the contaminated nuclear weapons manufacturing and testing sites across the United States. DOE is responsible for the risk reduction and cleanup of the environmental legacy of the Nation's nuclear weapons program, one of the largest, most diverse, and technically complex environmental programs in the world. The Department will successfully achieve this strategic goal by ensuring the safety of the DOE employees and U.S. citizens, acquiring the best resources to complete the complex tasks, and managing projects throughout the United States in the most efficient and effective manner.'' TAN-607 is designated as a historical Signature Property by DOE Headquarters Advisory Council on Historic Preservation and, as such, public participation is required to determine the final disposition of the facility. The decommissioning action will place the TAN-607 Hot Shop

  11. La secuencia didáctica como estratégica en la enseñanza del ensayo argumentativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    OSCAR OSWALDO OCHOA LARROTA

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo es producto de una investigación realizada en el Colegio Gimnasio Gran Colombiano con estudiantes de grado undécimo. El trabajo está enfocado en el desarrollo de una secuencia didáctica de talleres orientada a la escritura de textos argumentativos. Es una estrategia metodológica, por medio de la cual el alumno puede aprender a escribir ensayos argumentativos con el fin de aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos en diversas situaciones comunicativas y en el contexto que lo rodea. Esta secuencia didáctica de talleres permite evaluar y reconocer si el proceso llevado a cabo fue efectivo o no. Para el desarrollo de esta propuesta se tuvo en cuenta variables como comprensión, coherencia, cohesión, argumentación y ensayo. Se realizaron diferentes actividades dentro de las cuales se incluyó el contexto de los jóvenes (vivencias personales, el entorno, el ambiente familiar y escolar y la sociedad, lo que implicó más atención e interés por parte de ellos.

  12. Boreal forest biomass classification with TanDEM-X

    OpenAIRE

    Torano Caicoya, Astor; Kugler, Florian; Papathanassiou, Kostas; Hajnsek, Irena

    2013-01-01

    High spatial resolution X-band interferometric SAR data from the TanDEM-X, in the operational DEM generation mode, are sensitive to forest structure and can therefore be used for thematic boreal forest classification of forest environments. The interferometric coherence in absence of temporal decorrelation depends strongly on forest height and structure. Due to the rather homogenous structure of boreal forest, forest biomass can be derived from forest height, on the basis of allometric equati...

  13. Consideraciones básicas del pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin, en la educación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Miguel Pereira-Chaves

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available Recibido 18 de noviembre de 2009 • Aceptado 02 de diciembre de 2009 • Corregido 09 de mayo de 2010     Este ensayo consiste en una breve descripción y un análisis del pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin; para ello se hace mención al enfoque sistémico el cual se refiere a la interconexión y a las interacciones entre los objetos, las personas y el ambiente como un todo, lo cual sirve de fundamento para la propuesta educativa, en la que el conocimiento se debe abordar de manera integral y no fragmentado. Por lo anterior, el conocimiento humano debe fomentar la toma de conciencia de que somos tan sólo una parte componente de un sistema más general (complejo, y en constante interacción, en el que la educación puede ser el medio efectivo para que los alumnos desarrollen la capacidad de comprender otros sistemas complejos, además de los seres vivos. Aquí cobran importante interés las “nuevas ciencias” y las humanidades.

  14. Occupational cancers in leather tanning industries: A short review

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rastogi, S. K.; Kesavachandran, C.; Mahdi, Farzana; Pandey, Amit

    2007-01-01

    Work in leather tanning involves exposure to a wide range of chemicals. Some of these are carcinogens or suspected carcinogens. Increased risks for a number of cancers have been reported among the tannery workers. In the present review, a detailed account of lung cancer, testicular cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer among tannery workers is mentioned. PMID:21957364

  15. Proposing and evaluating applications for products obtained during chromium chip alkaline hydrolysis produced during leather tanning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Díaz

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Some applications for products obtained by chromium chip alkaline hydrolysis produced during leather tanning were evaluated in this work, considering the concept of maximising tanneries’ solid residue reuse for different industrial applications and minimising the environmental impact so produced. When Cr(OH is transformed into Cr (OH(SO it can be used in tanning leather (i.e. as tanning salt. When compared to commercial salts, 2 4 it was determined that it could be applied to mixtures containing this salt, replacing it by up to 40%. Chromium content reduction was evaluated for collagen hydrolyzate by pH control after alkaline hydrolysis of the chips and by applying adsorbent materials such as bentonite, alfalfa and sorghum biomass and activated charcoal, a maximum 55% Cr removal being obtained when the first two adsorbent materials were used.

  16. Una aplicación de redes sistémicas para entender las concepciones de los estudiantes:¿qué tan grande es un átomo?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana M. Farías

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo describe el empleo de las redes sistémicas para analizar las concepciones de un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de biología acerca del tamaño del átomo. Las respuestas a la pregunta ¿qué tan grande es un átomo? se evaluaron antes y después del estudio de los temas de estequiometría y estructura atómica. El análisis de las redes permitió identificar que, después del estudio de los temas mencionados, la red se hace más compleja como evidencia de un cambio en las respuestas. No obstante, las categorías de la red antes y después de la intervención didáctica se mantienen. Al final del proceso, una gran parte de los estudiantes que no tenían respuesta a la pregunta propuesta inicialmente se posicionan y adoptan como solución la comparación con elementos que conocen, siempre relacionando algo “muy grande” con algo “muy pequeño”.

  17. Design of a biofilter to reduce the contamination content by chromium generated in the industries of the leather tanning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Higuera C, Oscar F; Arroyave L, Juan F; Florez G, Luis

    2009-01-01

    The industrial sector of the tanneries generates unloadings with high volumes of chromium concentrates. The chromium is used in this industry like tanning agent. The tanning of skins presents some difficulties with the use of chromium salts, must to the great amount of tanning agent that does not fix to the skin and finally unloading to the environment, in waste waters causing negative effects in the environment and to the human health. The object of this work is to provide an alternative for the Chromium removal of waste water from tannery using coffee leaf variety castle, coffee Arabica

  18. La tarjeta de crédito American Express y su impacto socio económico en la tarjetahabientes de la ciudad de Quevedo, 2008 - 2011; caso Banco de Guayaquil

    OpenAIRE

    Coello Andrade, Angélica; Gavilánez Ocaña, María de las Mercedes

    2012-01-01

    Las tarjetas de crédito aparecieron en nuestro país ya hace varios años como una alternativa segura y eficiente al uso del efectivo. Inicialmente, los bancos emisores las otorgaron a sus clientes más antiguos y con demostrada capacidad de pago. En la actualidad las tarjetas de crédito son emitidas a personas con estabilidad laboral y que perciban una remuneración superior al salario mínimo vital para acceder a diferidos o avances de efectivo. En las últimas do...

  19. Tabaco y cambio social: la construcción del tabaquismo como conducta desviada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SUSANA RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se propone un análisis de algunas de las estrategias que se han utilizado para convertir al tan extendido y popular hábito de fumar en una conducta desviada en el contexto de lo que se ha venido en llamar «cruzada antitabaco ». Esto abarca tanto la creciente regulación y normalización del mundo del tabaco como la elaboración de un nuevo sistema ideológico, transmitido a través de campañas diseñadas para marcar negativamente a esta sustancia y a los que la consumen. Agruparemos tales estrategias en cinco dimensiones, que nos remiten a distintos ámbitos o niveles de análisis. Así, hablaremos de una patologización en términos médicos, de una segregación espacial, de una estigmatización que obedece a una lógica religiosa, de una criminalización que nos remite al campo de lo bélico, así como de una desviación de la norma que nos remite al terreno de lo social.

  20. A simple intervention to reinforce awareness of tanning bed use and skin cancer in non-medical skin care professionals in Southern California.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ng, Angie T; Chang, Anne Lynn S; Cockburn, Myles; Peng, David H

    2012-11-01

    (i) To assess the baseline knowledge of non-medical skin care professionals (estheticians, cosmetologists, massage therapists) on tanning bed use and its association with melanoma; and (ii) to provide preliminary evidence of the potential impact of a fast and simple educational intervention on tanning beds and melanoma on the awareness of non-medical skin care professionals towards skin cancer prevention. A pre-intervention survey was administered to non-medical skin care professional at salons or spas in Southern California to assess baseline knowledge on tanning and skin cancer. This was followed immediately by a 10-minute oral presentation on tanning bed use and its association with melanoma. One month later, a post-intervention survey was distributed to individuals who attended the initial oral presentation. Significant changes pre- and post-intervention were found in non-medical skin care professionals' answer responses to the following: (i) increased speaking to clients about cancer risk with tanning bed use 42-66% (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.39, 4.30)]; (ii) decreased personal tanning bed use (23-15% [OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.37, 1.00]); and (iii) decreased belief that tanning beds are an excellent cosmetic tool (29-20% [OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38, 0.96]). This study provides preliminary evidence that non-medical skin care professionals could be an important source of primary prevention information for reducing the burden of melanoma. © 2012 The International Society of Dermatology.

  1. Knowledge and practice of recreational tanning among female college students in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study

    OpenAIRE

    Najla A. Al-Dawsari; Rana K. Shahab

    2017-01-01

    Recreational tanning has become popular among young Saudi women. This study investigates whether Saudi female college students are practicing recreational tanning and analyzes the level of their awareness regarding the consequences of tanning as a cause for skin cancer and photoaging. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected female college students from two non-medical universities from the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The total number of participants was n = 249. About 21.5% of part...

  2. Improvement of uptake of chrome tan on hide protein by basic oxides

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nashya, E.H.A.; Aggiagh, A.E.; Khedra, M.H.; El-Sayeda, N.H.E.

    2005-01-01

    Three basic oxides were used to improve uptake of chrome tan as well as shrinkage temperature of the tanned leather. In addition, the skin quality is one of the most important factors taking into consideration. Three basic oxides, named magnesium oxide, manganese oxide and sodium bicarbonate. The process was optimized taking into the account the shaking rate, chrome concentration (%), initial ph, basic oxides concentration, temperature and contact time. The optimum conditions for exhaustion, fixation, shrinkage temperature as well as skin quality showed that agitation rate of 150 rpm, chrome concentration of 16%, initial ph of 2.5, basic oxide concentration of 4% magnesium oxide, temperature of 35 degree C and contact time of 24 hr. The best results obtained are 88% exhaustion, 90.03% fixation and 109 degree C shrinkage temperature in aqueous medium

  3. Ancient balancing selection at tan underlies female colour dimorphism in Drosophila erecta.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yassin, Amir; Bastide, Héloïse; Chung, Henry; Veuille, Michel; David, Jean R; Pool, John E

    2016-01-18

    Dimorphic traits are ubiquitous in nature, but the evolutionary factors leading to dimorphism are largely unclear. We investigate a potential case of sexual mimicry in Drosophila erecta, in which females show contrasting resemblance to males. We map the genetic basis of this sex-limited colour dimorphism to a region containing the gene tan. We find a striking signal of ancient balancing selection at the 'male-specific enhancer' of tan, with exceptionally high sequence divergence between light and dark alleles, suggesting that this dimorphism has been adaptively maintained for millions of years. Using transgenic reporter assays, we confirm that these enhancer alleles encode expression differences that are predicted to generate this pigmentation dimorphism. These results are compatible with the theoretical prediction that divergent phenotypes maintained by selection can evolve simple genetic architectures.

  4. Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal TaN caused by a large acoustic-optical gap.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui

    2018-03-14

    Topological semimetals may have potential applications such as in topological qubits, spintronics and quantum computations. Efficient heat dissipation is a key factor for the reliability and stability of topological semimetal-based nano-electronics devices, which is closely related to high thermal conductivity. In this work, the elastic properties and lattice thermal conductivity of TaN are investigated using first-principles calculations and the linearized phonon Boltzmann equation within the single-mode relaxation time approximation. According to the calculated bulk modulus, shear modulus and C 44 , TaN can be regarded as a potential incompressible and hard material. The room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity is predicted to be 838.62 [Formula: see text] along the a axis and 1080.40 [Formula: see text] along the c axis, showing very strong anisotropy. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivity of TaN is several tens of times higher than other topological semimetals, such as TaAs, MoP and ZrTe, which is due to the very longer phonon lifetimes for TaN than other topological semimetals. The very different atomic masses of Ta and N atoms lead to a very large acoustic-optical band gap, and then prohibit the scattering between acoustic and optical phonon modes, which gives rise to very long phonon lifetimes. Calculated results show that isotope scattering has little effect on lattice thermal conductivity, and that phonons with mean free paths larger than 20 (80) [Formula: see text] along the c direction at 300 K have little contribution to the total lattice thermal conductivity. This work implies that TaN-based nano-electronics devices may be more stable and reliable due to efficient heat dissipation, and motivates further experimental works to study lattice thermal conductivity of TaN.

  5. Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal TaN caused by a large acoustic-optical gap

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui

    2018-03-01

    Topological semimetals may have potential applications such as in topological qubits, spintronics and quantum computations. Efficient heat dissipation is a key factor for the reliability and stability of topological semimetal-based nano-electronics devices, which is closely related to high thermal conductivity. In this work, the elastic properties and lattice thermal conductivity of TaN are investigated using first-principles calculations and the linearized phonon Boltzmann equation within the single-mode relaxation time approximation. According to the calculated bulk modulus, shear modulus and C 44, TaN can be regarded as a potential incompressible and hard material. The room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity is predicted to be 838.62 W~m-1~K^{-1} along the a axis and 1080.40 W~m-1~K^{-1} along the c axis, showing very strong anisotropy. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivity of TaN is several tens of times higher than other topological semimetals, such as TaAs, MoP and ZrTe, which is due to the very longer phonon lifetimes for TaN than other topological semimetals. The very different atomic masses of Ta and N atoms lead to a very large acoustic-optical band gap, and then prohibit the scattering between acoustic and optical phonon modes, which gives rise to very long phonon lifetimes. Calculated results show that isotope scattering has little effect on lattice thermal conductivity, and that phonons with mean free paths larger than 20 (80) μm along the c direction at 300 K have little contribution to the total lattice thermal conductivity. This work implies that TaN-based nano-electronics devices may be more stable and reliable due to efficient heat dissipation, and motivates further experimental works to study lattice thermal conductivity of TaN.

  6. RNAi-Mediated Functional Analysis of Bursicon Genes Related to Adult Cuticle Formation and Tanning in the Honeybee, Apis mellifera.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Claudinéia Pereira Costa

    Full Text Available Bursicon is a heterodimeric neurohormone that acts through a G protein-coupled receptor named rickets (rk, thus inducing an increase in cAMP and the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cuticular tanning pathway. In insects, the role of bursicon in the post-ecdysial tanning of the adult cuticle and wing expansion is well characterized. Here we investigated the roles of the genes encoding the bursicon subunits during the adult cuticle development in the honeybee, Apis mellifera. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AmBurs α and AmBurs β bursicon genes prevented the complete formation and tanning (melanization/sclerotization of the adult cuticle. A thinner, much less tanned cuticle was produced, and ecdysis toward adult stage was impaired. Consistent with these results, the knockdown of bursicon transcripts also interfered in the expression of genes encoding its receptor, AmRk, structural cuticular proteins, and enzymes in the melanization/sclerotization pathway, thus evidencing roles for bursicon in adult cuticle formation and tanning. Moreover, the expression of AmBurs α, AmBurs β and AmRk is contingent on the declining ecdysteroid titer that triggers the onset of adult cuticle synthesis and deposition. The search for transcripts of AmBurs α, AmBurs β and candidate targets in RNA-seq libraries prepared with brains and integuments strengthened our data on transcript quantification through RT-qPCR. Together, our results support our premise that bursicon has roles in adult cuticle formation and tanning, and are in agreement with other recent studies pointing for roles during the pharate-adult stage, in addition to the classical post-ecdysial ones.

  7. Synthesis of Citric-Acrylate Oligomer and its in-Situ Reaction with Chrome Tanned Collagen (hide powder)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haroun, A.A.; Masoud, R.A.; Bronco, S.; Ciardelli, F.

    2005-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to formulate the new combined system of acrylic and citric acids, which has been prepared by free radical polymerization and esterification reaction at the same time to form citric acrylate (CAC) oligomer through ester linkage and low molecular weight (Mw 2241), in compared with polyacrylic acid. The chemical structure and the reaction mechanism of this oligomer were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools (1 H , 13 C-NMR, ATR-IR), gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA). The problem of the effect of the masking agents in the chrome tanning of the collagen and the pickling of the hide has been approached from the study of the hydrothermal and mechanical properties, using this new eco-friendly oligomer, which was carried out in-situ treated/grafted chrome tanned collagen (hide powder), and pickled hide. The microemulsion grafting copolymerization of (CAC) using 2.2-azo-bis isobutyronitrile (ABIN), via direct coupling reaction, onto the chrome tanned collagen showed that the free amino groups of the collagen were considered to be a potential site for the in-situ reaction with (CAC) oligomer. Also, using of citric-acrylate (CAC) oligomer, during chrome tanning of leather, instead of the traditional strong acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric and formic) resulted in significant improvement in chrome exhaustion and physical properties

  8. Ação de diferentes agentes curtentes utilizados no curtimento de peles de coelhos: testes físico-mecânicos dos couros = Action of different tanning agents used on rabbit hide tanning: physicalmechanic tests

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilson do Prado Franco

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a ação de diferentes agentes curtentes no processamento das peles de coelhos, sobre a resistência do couro. Cinquenta peles de coelhos foram submetidas a diferentes agentes curtentes na etapa de curtimento (T1 = 6% sais de cromoChromossal B®, T2 = 22% tanino vegetal Clarotan-x8®; T3 = 22% tanino sintético Syntac CW®; T4 = 12% tanino vegetal Weibull® + 10% tanino sintético Syntac F®; T5 = 22% tanino vegetal Weibull®. Foram retirados os corpos de prova do couro, na região dorsal, no sentidolongitudinal e transversal em relação ao eixo céfalo-caudal. Os agentes curtentes e retirada dos corpos de prova não influenciaram no teste de tração (9,28 N mm-2 a 11,63 N mm-2 e força aplicada (17,91 N a 24,85 N nos testes. Os curtimentos com sais de cromo (62,85% e Clarotan–x8® (70,28% proporcionaram maiores valores de alongamento em relação aos demais agentes curtentes utilizados. Os corpos de prova do couro no sentido transversal (59,12% apresentaram maior alongamento comparado ao longitudinal (49,72%. Os curtimentos com sais de cromo (22,70 N mm-1, Clarotan–x8® (25,94 N mm-1 e Weibull® (21,58 N mm-1 proporcionaram couros com maior resistência ao rasgamento. O sentido de retirada dos corpos de prova no couro não influenciou no rasgamento progressivo. As técnicas de curtimento com sais de cromo e Clarotan-x8® proporcionaram couros com melhores valores de resistência ao alongamento e rasgamento progressivo.The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the action of different tanning agents in the processing of rabbit hides over skin resistance. Fifty skins of rabbit hides were submitted to different tanning agents in the tanning stage (T1 = 6% Chromossal B® chromesalts; T2 = 22% Clarotan–x8® vegetable tannin; T3 = 22% Syntac CW® synthetic tannin; T4 = 12% Weibull® vegetable tannin + 10% Syntac F® synthetic tannin; T5 = 22% Weibull® vegetable tannin. The specimens were removed

  9. The role of the intrinsic cholinergic system of the striatum: What have we learned from TAN recordings in behaving animals?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Apicella, Paul

    2017-09-30

    Cholinergic interneurons provide rich local innervation of the striatum and play an important role in controlling behavior, as evidenced by the variety of movement and psychiatric disorders linked to disrupted striatal cholinergic transmission. Much progress has been made in recent years regarding our understanding of how these interneurons contribute to the processing of information in the striatum. In particular, investigation of the activity of presumed striatal cholinergic interneurons, identified as tonically active neurons or TANs in behaving animals, has pointed to their role in the signaling and learning of the motivational relevance of environmental stimuli. Although the bulk of this work has been conducted in monkeys, several studies have also been carried out in behaving rats, but information remains rather disparate across studies and it is still questionable whether rodent TANs correspond to TANs described in monkeys. Consequently, our current understanding of the function of cholinergic transmission in the striatum is challenged by the rapidly growing, but often confusing literature on the relationship between TAN activity and specific behaviors. As regards the precise nature of the information conveyed by the cholinergic TANs, a recent influential view emphasized that these local circuit neurons may play a special role in the processing of contextual information that is important for reinforcement learning and selection of appropriate actions. This review provides a summary of recent progress in TAN physiology from which it is proposed that striatal cholinergic interneurons are crucial elements for flexible switching of behaviors under changing environmental conditions. Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Encuentros y desencuentros entre el Desarrollo Humano y el Desarrollo Sostenible ¿Qué tan sostenible es el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible?: Los ineludibles límites que se plantean desde la Economía Ecológica

    OpenAIRE

    Herrera Herrera, Andrés Fernando

    2012-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión del concepto de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (DHS) propuesto por Sudhir Anand y Amartya Sen. En el DHS confluyen el Desarrollo Humano (DH) y el Desarrollo Sostenible (DS), y se presenta como un marco apropiado para abordar la dicotomía entre los procesos de desarrollo y el uso sostenible del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, un análisis conceptual de los planteamientos iniciales del DHS sugiere que tal confluencia no es tan automática dadas l...

  11. Bronze is beautiful but pale can be pretty: the effects of appearance standards and mortality salience on sun-tanning outcomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cox, Cathy R; Cooper, Douglas P; Vess, Matthew; Arndt, Jamie; Goldenberg, Jamie L; Routledge, Clay

    2009-11-01

    Using the terror management health model (J. L. Goldenberg & J. Arndt, 2008), the authors examined tanning outcomes as a function of priming tanning-relevant standards for attractiveness after reminders of death. Study 1 consisted of 101 female college students recruited from a midwestern university; Study 2 consisted of 53 female participants recruited from a beach in south Florida. In both experiments, participants answered questions about their mortality or a control topic, and were presented with a fashion article that highlighted either the attractiveness of tanned (just in Study 1), pale, or natural-looking skin. Self-reported suntan intentions (Study 1) and sunscreen intentions (Study 2). Study 2 also assessed participants' interest in various sun protection products. Study 1 demonstrated that mortality salience led to higher tanning intentions when the association between tanned skin and physical attractiveness was made salient and reduced intentions when the attractiveness of paler skin was highlighted. In Study 2, beachgoers, after reminders of death, reported greater preference for high sun protection sunscreen after reading an article about the attractiveness of paler skin tones. These findings contribute to an emerging understanding of how mortality concerns can influence health-related judgment and behavior. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

  12. Associations between indoor tanning and risky health-related behaviors among high school students in the United States

    OpenAIRE

    Chapman, Stephanie; Ashack, Kurt; Bell, Eric; Sendelweck, Myra Ann; Dellavalle, Robert

    2016-01-01

    Understanding of the associations between indoor tanning and risky health related behaviors such as sexual activity and substance abuse among adolescents across the United States is incomplete. The purpose of this study is to identify risky health related behaviors among high school students utilizing indoor tanning according to region. We analyzed the results from surveys of adolescents in 14 different states administered as part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2013. D...

  13. Comparative study of Ta, TaN and Ta/TaN bi-layer barriers for Cu-ultra low-k porous polymer integration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, L.Y.; Zhang, D.H.; Li, C.Y.; Foo, P.D.

    2004-01-01

    Tantalum (Ta), TaN and bilayer Ta/TaN barriers deposited on ultra-low-k porous polymer (ULKPP) and the thermal stability of their structures are comparatively investigated using various techniques. The Ta/ultra-low-k polymer shows the smallest sheet resistance, but the poorest thermal stability, while TaN on the ultra-low-k polymer shows the highest resistance but the best thermal stability. The bi-layer Ta/TaN barrier takes the advantage of both Ta and TaN barriers and gives reasonable resistance and thermal stability. The electrical tests indicate that the Cu lines with the TaN and bi-layer Ta/TaN barriers exhibit the smaller leakage current and higher breakdown voltage compared with the Cu lines with the Ta barrier. The better thermal stability of the TaN and the bi-layer Ta/TaN barriers is mainly due to the amorphous/nanostructure and less grain boundaries of the barriers. In addition, the texture discontinuity at the Ta/TaN interfaces in the bi-layers barrier also plays an important role in reducing mutual diffusion of Ta atoms in the Ta barrier and some atoms in the ultra-low-k porous polymer

  14. Hypertension in leather tanning workers working in Istanbul, Turkey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ince, N; Işsever, H; Ince, H; Ozyildirim, B; Işik, E; Hapçioğlu, B; Ozdilli, K; Akçay, M E; Calak, B; Agkoç, N

    2008-11-01

    Leather tanning may result in various occupational diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the relation between blood pressure levels and vocations in leather tanning. Our study was conducted in Turkey's leading leather process plant located in Tuzla organised industry zone, between March 11 and May 30, 2005. All leather plants that consented to participate in our study were included. The blood pressure, height and weight of the workers were measured. Their ages, educational levels, smoking habits and hypertension history were obtained via interviewing the subjects. The relation between three main factors, i.e. age, body mass index (BMI), working period, and hypertension were analysed through multiple logistic regression analysis. 40.4 percent (295) of 730 workers' blood pressure values were found to be within normal limits. 59.6 percent (435) were found to be hypertensive. The hypertension correlation remained significant, along with BMI and their working period (p-values were 0.0001 and 0.035, respectively). Our study demonstrated that BMI and working period have a key influence on the increased risk of hypertension, which leads us to consider the importance of occupational exposure. Different hypertension studies to be conducted in various occupational fields would likely be able to confirm our findings.

  15. Predictors of tanning dependence in white non-Hispanic females and males.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cartmel, B; Bale, A E; Mayne, S T; Gelernter, J E; DeWan, A T; Spain, P; Leffell, D J; Pagoto, S; Ferrucci, L M

    2017-07-01

    Growing evidence suggests that some individuals may exhibit symptoms of dependence on ultraviolet (UV) light, a known carcinogen, in the context of tanning; however, few studies have investigated predictors of tanning dependence (TD). To identify predictors of TD. Non-Hispanics of European ancestry who had previously participated in a case-control study of early-onset basal cell carcinoma completed an online survey to ascertain TD and other behaviours (alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), exercise 'addiction' and depression). Information on host factors, such as skin and eye colour and history of sunbathing and indoor tanning, was obtained from a study in which the participants were previously enrolled. Lifetime TD was assessed using the modified Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener (mCAGE) and the modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (mDSM-IV-TR) questionnaires. Participants were classified as 'TD' if positive on both questionnaires and not TD if negative on both questionnaires. In total, 499 individuals completed the online survey (81.9% participation rate), and 24.4% were classified as 'TD'. In the multivariate model, women were more likely to be TD [odds ratio (OR) 6.93; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) (3.36-14.27)] than men. Alcohol dependence (OR 6.55: 95% CI 3.19-13.42), SAD (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.26-6.09) and exercise 'addiction' (OR 5.47; 95% CI 1.15-26.06) were all significant predictors for TD. Increased knowledge of those at risk for TD will allow appropriate interventions to be designed. © 2017 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

  16. Alkali-free method of hide preparation for tanning

    OpenAIRE

    Valeika, V.; Beleska, K.; Sirvaityte, J.

    2012-01-01

    Usually, beamhouse processes are carried out by varying a medium from strongly alkaline (unhairing-liming) up to strongly acid (pickling). This study is designed to develop a preparation of hide for tanning via processes that avoid a sharp change of hide pH. Enzymes active in acid medium are employed for hide unhairing in a buffer system containing 2.5% acetic acid and 0.3% sodium acetate. An oxidative treatment with peracetic acid then allows the complete removal of residual hair and scud. D...

  17. Amazon.com – 3ra Parte: Caso de Análisis

    OpenAIRE

    Ardila Santos, John Mauricio; Hernández Quintero, Javier Libardo

    2015-01-01

    Periodo 2015-I Jeff Bezos con su proyecto revolucionó el mercado virtual de libros y posteriormente la forma de leerlos, en el año 2007, realizó el lanzamiento de KINDLE, un novedoso dispositivo electrónico destinado para la lectura de libros electrónicos, el cual utilizaba una tecnología de tinta electrónica llamada “E Ink” para máxima duración de la batería. Luego de varios intentos de la competencia no tan efectivos para incursionaren el mercado de dispositivos e-books, llega Steve ...

  18. Arquitectura como percepción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mañana Borrazás, Patricia

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available This text sets out to illustrate types of basic analysis in researching a question as intrinsically human as perception. In the analysis of a construction, the aspects relative to perception allow us to access interesting information as to how a construction functions and what is implied by its different spaces, information which is in direct relation to more human, living aspects of architecture. These analyses complement formal analyses, as while these allow us to describe a construction in time and space, analyses of perception seek to stress the existing relationship between the human being and the construction, understanding architecture as a physical element to be experienced and which has been constructed to create a favourable atmosphere for certain perceptions. The study first shows the most basic elements in perception analysis and how these support a methodology that attempts to understand a construction in all its aspects (formal, social, symbolic, giving as an example a Neolithic Galician burial mound.Este texto trata de ilustrar los tipos de análisis básicos para investigar una cuestión tan intrínsecamente humana como la percepción. En el análisis de una construcción, los aspectos relativos a la percepción nos permiten acceder a una interesante información de cómo una construcción funciona y qué implican sus distintos espacios, información en directa relación con los aspectos más humanos y vivenciales de la arquitectura. Son unos análisis complementarios a los análisis formales, ya que mientras estos nos permiten describir en el espacio y en el tiempo una construcción, los análisis de percepción tratan de incidir en la relación existente entre el ser humano y la construcción, entendiendo a la arquitectura también como elemento físico a experimentar y que ha sido construido para propiciar ciertas percepciones. Se exponen en primer lugar las claves más básicas de los análisis de percepción y cómo estos se

  19. An investigation of appearance motives for tanning: The development and evaluation of the Physical Appearance Reasons For Tanning Scale (PARTS) and its relation to sunbathing and indoor tanning intentions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cafri, Guy; Thompson, J Kevin; Roehrig, Megan; van den Berg, Patricia; Jacobsen, Paul B; Stark, Stephen

    2006-09-01

    Motives for UV exposure have been shown to be related to appearance concerns, yet little research has examined specific tan appearance attitudes. Given this lacuna, Study 1 involved the identification of six factors among college female tanners: general attractiveness, media influence, family/friends influence, physical fitness appearance, acne reasons, and skin aging concerns. In Study 2, a separate sample of college female tanners were used to validate a higher order factor model, which demonstrated acceptable fit. Additionally, the factors converged in the expected directions, with the general attractiveness and skin aging concerns being the best correlate of UV exposure and sun-protection intentions. The relevance of these findings to skin cancer prevention is discussed.

  20. THE CHROME-TANNED GOAT LEATHER FOR HIGH QUALITY OF BATIK

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. Pancapalaga

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available in which the first stage aimed to evaluate sodium silica as batik wax releasing agent on chrome leather.Completely randomized design (CRD was applied in this study. The concentration of sodium silica wastreated as treatments, in which Tl = 0, T2 = 2 g/L, T3: 4 g/L and T4 = 6 g/L. The second stage of thestudy was aimed to evaluate the type of dye used in batik method dyeing on chrome-tanned goat leather.CRD was used and the treatments were types of dye, i.e. T'1 = acid, T'2= indigosol, T'3 = napthol, T'4 =remazol. In both studies, 9 replicates were applied for each treatment. The use of sodium silicateconcentration of 2 g/L resulted in the percentage of release wax of 91.4% and did not degrade the qualityof chrome leather. The type of acid dyes and naphthol provided the best adhesion and color brightnessand resistance to washing treatment, water, sweat, bend, and rub at 4/5 to 5 on a scale of gray. Inconclusion, chrome tanned goat leather with batik dyeing method was recommended to become one ofthe raw materials of leather goods.

  1. EL MAPA COMO RECURSO DIDÁCTICO EN LA ENSEÑANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DE LA GEOGRAFÍA.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Francisco Sancho Comíns

    1996-12-01

    Full Text Available Las nuevas tecnologías afirman el valor indiscutibledel mapa como recurso didáctico.Profesores y alumnos tienen ahora nuevosmedios a su disposición que pueden facilitar sutrabajo; la atención debe ponerse en evitar unposible "activismo" que sería tan pernicioso omás que la "inactividad". No se trata de hacercosas, mapas en nuestro caso, sino de pensar lascosas, los mapas. La clase de geografía confundede hecho, la teoría y la práctica, siempre fueasí y debe seguir siéndole; separar una de otrapuede suponer la infravaloración de alguna delas partes y con ello la pérdida de un beneficioseguro para profesor y alumno.

  2. High School Students’ Use of Sunscreen and Tanning Beds

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    This podcast is an interview with Corey Basch, EdD, MPH, assistant professor in the Department of Public Health at William Paterson University. Dr. Basch discusses her study on high school students’ use of sunscreen and tanning beds between 2001 and 2011.

  3. Accuracy assessment of TanDEM-X IDEM using airborne LiDAR on the area of Poland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Woroszkiewicz Małgorzata

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available The TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement (TanDEM-X mission launched in 2010 is another programme – after the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM in 2000 – that uses space-borne radar interferometry to build a global digital surface model. This article presents the accuracy assessment of the TanDEM-X intermediate Digital Elevation Model (IDEM provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR under the project “Accuracy assessment of a Digital Elevation Model based on TanDEM-X data” for the southwestern territory of Poland. The study area included: open terrain, urban terrain and forested terrain. Based on a set of 17,498 reference points acquired by airborne laser scanning, the mean errors of average heights and standard deviations were calculated for areas with a terrain slope below 2 degrees, between 2 and 6 degrees and above 6 degrees. The absolute accuracy of the IDEM data for the analysed area, expressed as a root mean square error (Total RMSE, was 0.77 m.

  4. EVALUACIÓN DEL EXTRACTO ACUOSO DE SEMILLA DE NEEM (Azadirachta indica COMO GARRAPATICIDA EN BOVINO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ernesto Antonio Hurtado

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Con la finalidad de conocer el efecto garrapaticida del extracto acuoso de la semilla de Neem (EASN, se seleccionaron 28 terneros (lactantes mestizos, con fines de doble propósito, del hato bovino de la ESPAM MFL; estos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos a los cuales se les aplicó los siguientes tratamientos (T: 4% de EASN (T1, 5% EASN (T2, 6% EASN (T3 y Amitraz 1 mL/L (T4, siendo este el control. Para la obtención del biopreparado (EASN se aplicó los procesos de: molienda, pesaje, preparación y colado. Se utilizó el diseño completamente al azar, teniendo como factor único el efecto de tratamientos, con una prueba de medias de Tukey al 5%, para conocer las diferencias estadísticas entre estos. La variable de respuesta (cantidad de garrapatas se cuantificó mediante observación directa del número de garrapatas vivas antes de aplicarse y tres días post aplicación del EASN. Los resultados demostraron un efecto significativo entre los tratamientos con un comportamiento similar de efectividad en T2 y T3 con respecto al control (T4. La relación costo-beneficio más acorde se obtuvo en los T1 y T2. Se concluye que el EASN al 5% puede ser utilizado como control biológico efectivo de la garrapata en terneros, que además de presentar un bajo costo económico también representa una nula incidencia de contaminación ambiental.

  5. El mito de pristinidad y los usos efectivos del territorio de la región de Magallanes, Patagonia Chilena: Forestal, minería y acuicultura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inostroza, Luis

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The current classification methods of land use in remote regions have two serious limitations. The first is the conceptual mixture between land uses and covers, which does not reflect the actual direct use of land. A second limitation is the absence of important uses such as tourism, aquaculture and mining, which impose significant pressures on fragile territories. This paper presents a land use classification method developed specifically for the region of Magellan in the extreme south of Chile. It is a land use classification wide and conceptually clear, which allows an effective determination of the range of land exploitations in Patagonia, determining which areas are used and which remain unused. The method is based entirely on a GIS and is a key input for improving land management. The analysis shows a high percentage of direct use, contrary to the existing pristine perception, which imposes significant challenges for current land management strategies.Los métodos de clasificación de usos del suelo en regiones remotas presentan dos serias limitaciones. La primera es la mixtura conceptual de usos con coberturas que no refleja el uso efectivo del territorio. Una segunda limitación es la ausencia de usos importantes como turismo, acuicultura y minería, que imponen importantes presiones sobre territorios frágiles. Este trabajo presenta un método para determinar los usos territoriales en la región de Magallanes en el extremo austral de Chile. Se trata de una clasificación de usos del suelo elaborada específicamente para este territorio, conceptualmente clara y amplia, que permite establecer el alcance efectivo de las explotaciones territoriales, determinando qué territorios son utilizados y cuales permanecen sin uso. El método está basado íntegramente en un SIG y constituye un insumo clave para mejorar la gestión territorial. El análisis refleja un alto porcentaje de uso directo, contrario a la percepción de pristinidad existente

  6. 77 FR 37838 - Disregarded Entities and the Indoor Tanning Services Excise Tax

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-25

    ...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background This document contains proposed amendments to the Income Tax Regulations... and 301 are proposed to be amended as follows: PART 1--INCOME TAX Paragraph 1. The authority citation... 1545-BK38 Disregarded Entities and the Indoor Tanning Services Excise Tax AGENCY: Internal Revenue...

  7. DEPOSITION AND PROPERTY CHARACTERISATION OF TaN COATINGS DEPOSITED WITH DIFFERENT NITROGEN CONTENTS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilberto Bejarano Gaitán

    Full Text Available This study focused on the study of the influence of nitrogen content on the microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical and tribological properties of TaN coatings deposited on 420 stainless steel and silicon samples (100 using the magnetron sputtering technique. For the deposition of the TaN coatings an argon/nitrogen atmosphere was used, varying the nitrogen flux between 12% and 25%. For the coating characterization, scanning electron microscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy, a microhardness tester, and a ball on disc tribometer were used. A refining of the columnar structure of the coatings, accompanied by a decrease in their thickness with the increased nitrogen content was observed. Initially, fcc-TaN (111 cubic phase growth was observed; this phase was changed to the fcc-TaN (200 above N2 12%. For contents greater than N2 18%, another nitrogen-rich phase was formed and the system tended towards amorphicity, particularly for a coating with N2 25% content. The TaN-1sample deposited with N2 12% in the gas mixture presented the highest micro-hardness value with 21.3GPa and the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate with 0.02 and 1.82x10-7 (mm³/Nm, respectively. From the obtained results, an important relationship between the microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the coated samples and their nitrogen content was observed.

  8. Análisis de respuesta dinámica de sitio usando un modelo no elastico no lineal A site dynamic answer’s analysis, using a non elastic and non lineal model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Grandas Tavera Diana Katerine Reyes Suárez Arcesio Lizcano Peláez

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available El comportamiento de suelos arcillosos es no lineal. La relación esfuerzo-deformación depende del estado actual de esfuerzos efectivos, la relación de vacíos y la trayectoria de esfuerzos efectivos e historia. Las cargas dinámicas, como las ondas sísmicas, inducen cambios súbitos en la tasa de esfuerzos y deformaciones. El modelo constitutivo visco-hipoplástico es capaz de reproducir la influencia de todos estos aspectos.Adicionalmente, la generación de presión de poros, el estado de esfuerzos efectivos, las deformaciones permanente, la degradación de la rigidez con el número de ciclos y los efectos viscosos (relajación, creep pueden ser descritos de forma apropiada por el modelo. En este trabajo se presentan algunas simulaciones de ensayos elementales y un caso real de respuesta dinámica de sitio.

  9. Volcanic activity at Etna volcano, Sicily, Italy between June 2011 and March 2017 studied with TanDEM-X SAR interferometry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kubanek, J.; Raible, B.; Westerhaus, M.; Heck, B.

    2017-12-01

    High-resolution and up-to-date topographic data are of high value in volcanology and can be used in a variety of applications such as volcanic flow modeling or hazard assessment. Furthermore, time-series of topographic data can provide valuable insights into the dynamics of an ongoing eruption. Differencing topographic data acquired at different times enables to derive areal coverage of lava, flow volumes, and lava extrusion rates, the most important parameters during ongoing eruptions for estimating hazard potential, yet most difficult to determine. Anyhow, topographic data acquisition and provision is a challenge. Very often, high-resolution data only exists within a small spatial extension, or the available data is already outdated when the final product is provided. This is especially true for very dynamic landscapes, such as volcanoes. The bistatic TanDEM-X radar satellite mission enables for the first time to generate up-to-date and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) repeatedly using the interferometric phase. The repeated acquisition of TanDEM-X data facilitates the generation of a time-series of DEMs. Differencing DEMs generated from bistatic TanDEM-X data over time can contribute to monitor topographic changes at active volcanoes, and can help to estimate magmatic ascent rates. Here, we use the bistatic TanDEM-X data to investigate the activity of Etna volcano in Sicily, Italy. Etna's activity is characterized by lava fountains and lava flows with ash plumes from four major summit crater areas. Especially the newest crater, the New South East Crater (NSEC) that was formed in 2011 has been highly active in recent years. Over one hundred bistatic TanDEM-X data pairs were acquired between January 2011 and March 2017 in StripMap mode, covering episodes of lava fountaining and lava flow emplacement at Etna's NSEC and its surrounding area. Generating DEMs of every bistatic data pair enables us to assess areal extension of the lava flows, to

  10. [Endothelial keratoplasty: Descemet stripping (DSEK) using TAN EndoGlide™ device: case series].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pazos, Henrique Santiago Baltar; Pazos, Paula Fernanda Morais Ramalho Baltar; Nogueira Filho, Pedro Antônio; Grisolia, Ana Beatriz Diniz; Silva, André Berger Emiliano; Gomes, José Álvaro Pereira

    2011-01-01

    To report the results of Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) using the TAN EndoGlideTM device to facilitate the insertion of the endothelial membrane. Prospective clinical study that included nine patients presenting corneal edema secondary to endothelial dysfunction. Best corrected visual acuity, refraction, central corneal thickness, endothelial cell density and complications were analyzed after a six-month follow-up. There was a significant improvement in the corneal edema and visual acuity in 7 patients (77.78%). The best corrected visual acuity ranged between 20/40 and 20/200. The average density of endothelial cells in six months varied between 1,305 cells/mm² and 2,346 cells/mm² with an average loss of 33.14% cells. Detachment of part of the graft was observed in one eye (11.11%) and primary failure of the endothelial transplantation occurred in 2 eyes (22.22%). The device TAN EndoGlideTM facilitates the introduction of the graft in Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty.

  11. Is the HP-UHP Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu orogen a piercing point for offset on the Tan-Lu fault?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leech, Mary L.; Webb, Laura E.

    2013-02-01

    The Tan-Lu fault is a major strike-slip fault in eastern China that appears to offset the high-grade rocks of the Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu orogen left-laterally ˜540 km. We evaluate models for the collision between the South and North China blocks, published radiometric dates recording HP-UHP metamorphism and exhumation in the Hong'an-Dabie and Sulu terranes, and the timing of sinistral motion on the Tan-Lu fault to evaluate whether UHP rocks provide a piercing point for offset on the Tan-Lu fault. UHP metamorphism in Hong'an-Dabie was concurrent with Sulu based on U-Pb dating of coesite-bearing domains of zircon at 244 ± 5-226 ± 2 Ma for Hong'an-Dabie and 243 ± 4-225 ± 2 Ma for Sulu. Retrograde metamorphism began c. 220 Ma for both Hong'an-Dabie and Sulu, but retrograde zircon growth ended c. 214 Ma in Hong'an-Dabie and continued until c. 202 Ma in Sulu based on U-Pb dating of zircon domains external to coesite-bearing domains. Structures in Sulu are rotated 25° counter-clockwise from, but are broadly similar to, Hong'an-Dabie suggesting the two areas have a common Triassic orogenic history that pre-dates motion on the Tan-Lu fault, and that is consistent with paleomagnetic studies. We constructed a pre-Cretaceous restoration of the Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu belt that moves the Sulu terrane south, aligning the suture and the eclogite-facies isograd, and rotates Sulu c. 25° clockwise to re-align structures with Hong'an-Dabie. Our restoration is supported by published data and shows that the Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu orogen is a piercing point for post-collisional offset on the Tan-Lu fault and that these regions shared a common subduction-exhumation history. The Tan-Lu fault did not play a significant role in the Hong'an-Dabie-Sulu collision and likely developed later, in the Early Cretaceous.

  12. Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda desde otro ápice: su labor como prologuista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Romero, Cira

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The literary work of Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda was devoted mostly to three genres: poetry, narrative and drama. Nevertheless, there remain some important but less considered facets of her writing interests, such as her remarkable work as a columnist —where we can find texts later judged real essays— and as a literary critic. Among the latter I highlight her brief, but no less important, role as a prologue writer, dedicated absolutely to Cuban authors of varying significance: the Countess of Merlín, Luisa Pérez de Zambrana, Teodoro Guerrero and Ángel Mestre. Our contribution analyses the diverse foundations that support these texts, written in different moments between 1844 and 1865, where her literary and civic obsessions, and the theme of the “gender mark” that pervades her works, are exposed.La obra literaria de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda se cumplió fundamentalmente en tres géneros: poesía, narrativa y teatro. Quedan a su favor otros flancos importantes y poco estudiados de su labor, tales como su apreciable quehacer como articulista en trabajos devenidos, a veces, en verdaderos ensayos, y como crítica literaria. En esta última coloco su breve, pero no menos relevante servicio como prologuista, ejercido siempre sobre obras de autores cubanos de mayor o menor relevancia: la condesa de Merlín, Luisa Pérez de Zambrana, Teodoro Guerrero y Ángel Mestre. Nuestra propuesta valora los presupuestos de diverso carácter expuestos en esos trabajos, escritos en diferentes momentos entre 1844 y 1865, donde quedan reveladas sus propias inquietudes literarias, cívicas y también la marca de género, tan presente en el conjunto de su obra.

  13. Oxygen effect and influence of the anoxic radiosensitizing agent TAN on the induction of λ-prophage in polA and wild type E.coli strains after gamma irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bonev, M.N.; Sivriev, I.K.; Kolev, S.D.

    1998-01-01

    The modification effect of both oxygen and radiosensitizing agent TAN on the λ-prophage induction in polA mutant and wild type E.coli cells after γ-irradiation was studied. The oxygen and TAN enhancement ratio concerning the cell sensitivity is more significant in polA mutant cells as compared to that in the wild type ones. The same behaviour has been observed for the oxygen and TAN enhancement ratio for the λ-prophage induction. The TAN effect on the survival and on the λ-induction was smaller than the oxygen effect. The bigger efficiency of oxygen and DNA-radicals are more difficult to repair than those created by an interaction of TAN and DNA-radicals

  14. Precise Determination of the Baseline Between the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X Satellites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koenig, Rolf; Rothacher, Markus; Michalak, Grzegorz; Moon, Yongjin

    TerraSAR-X, launched on June 15, 2007, and TanDEM-X, to be launched in September 2009, both carry the Tracking, Occultation and Ranging (TOR) category A payload instrument package. The TOR consists of a high-precision dual-frequency GPS receiver, called Integrated GPS Occultation Receiver (IGOR), for precise orbit determination and atmospheric sounding and a Laser retro-reflector (LRR) serving as target for the global Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) ground station network. The TOR is supplied by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ) Germany, and the Center for Space Research (CSR), Austin, Texas. The objective of the German/US collaboration is twofold: provision of atmospheric profiles for use in numerical weather predictions and climate studies from the occultation data and precision SAR data processing based on precise orbits and atmospheric products. For the scientific objectives of the TanDEM- X mission, i.e., bi-static SAR together with TerraSAR-X, the dual-frequency GPS receiver is of vital importance for the millimeter level determination of the baseline or distance between the two spacecrafts. The paper discusses the feasibility of generating millimeter baselines by the example of GRACE, where for validation the distance between the two GRACE satellites is directly available from the micrometer-level intersatellite link measurements. The distance of the GRACE satellites is some 200 km, the distance of the TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation will be some 200 meters. Therefore the proposed approach is then subject to a simulation of the foreseen TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X formation. The effect of varying space environmental conditions, of possible phase center variations, multi path, and of varying center of mass of the spacecrafts are evaluated and discussed.

  15. Amy Tan, Author of "The Joy Luck Club." (People to Know).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kramer, Barbara

    This book, aimed at the young reader, explores the life and career of the Chinese-American author, Amy Tan. It follows her childhood in Oakland, California, through her struggle to accept her Chinese heritage, through her education and marriage to a non-Chinese man, to her early work as a business writer, and finally to her great success as a…

  16. Identification of a possible susceptibility locus for UVB-induced skin tanning phenotype in Korean females using genomewide association study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwak, Taek-Jong; Chang, Yun-Hee; Shin, Young-Ah; Shin, Jung-Min; Kim, Ji-Hye; Lim, Seul-Ki; Lee, Sang-Hwha; Lee, Min-Geol; Yoon, Tae-Jin; Kim, Chang-Deok; Lee, Jeung-Hoon; Koh, Jae Sook; Seo, Young Kyoung; Chang, Min-Youl; Lee, Young

    2015-12-01

    A two-stage genomewide association (GWA) analysis was conducted to investigate the genetic factors influencing ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin pigmentation in Korean females after UV exposure. Previously, a GWA study evaluating ~500 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 99 Korean females identified eight SNPs that were highly associated with tanning ability. To confirm these associations, we genotyped the SNPs in an independent replication study (112 Korean females). We found that a novel SNP in the intron of the WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene yielded significant replicated associations with skin tanning ability (P-value = 1.16 × 10(-4) ). To understand the functional consequences of this locus located in the non-coding region, we investigated the role of WWOX in human melanocytes using a recombinant adenovirus expressing a microRNA specific for WWOX. Inhibition of WWOX expression significantly increased the expression and activity of tyrosinase in human melanocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that genetic variants in the intronic region of WWOX could be determinants in the UV-induced tanning ability of Korean females. WWOX represents a new candidate gene to evaluate the molecular basis of the UV-induced tanning ability in individuals. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  17. Preparation of highly-oxidized starch using hydrogen peroxide and its application as a novel ligand for zirconium tanning of leather.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Yue; Wang, Ya-Nan; Ding, Wei; Zhou, Jianfei; Shi, Bi

    2017-10-15

    A series of highly-oxidized starch (HOS) were prepared using H 2 O 2 and a copper-iron catalyst as a desired ligand for zirconium tanning of leather. The effects of catalyst and H 2 O 2 dosages, and reaction temperature on the oxidation degree (OD, represented as the amount of carbonyl and carboxyl groups derived) of starch were investigated. The OD reached 76.2% when oxidation was conducted using 60% H 2 O 2 and 0.015% catalyst at 98°C for 2h. 13 C NMR and FT-IR illustrated carbonyl and carboxyl groups were formed in HOS after oxidation. GPC and laser particle size analyses indicated the decrease of HOS molecular size with increasing H 2 O 2 dosage and OD. HOS with moderate OD and molecular weight was able to coordinate with zirconium and remarkably improve tanning process. Leather tanned by Zr complexes using HOS-60 (60% H 2 O 2 , Mn 3516g/mol) as ligand presented considerably better physical and organoleptic properties than those of traditional Zr-tanned leather. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Are tanning salons in compliance with German law? An evaluation based on a nationwide representative survey.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Görig, Tatiana; Schneider, Sven; Greinert, Rüdiger; Breitbart, Eckhard W; Diehl, Katharina

    2018-03-01

    Given the evidence for increased skin cancer risk due to the sunbed use, a regulation of hazardous artificial ultraviolet radiation (UVR regulation) was passed in Germany in 2012. The aim of this study was to explore the advisory services in tanning studios as reported by sunbed users and to evaluate the information provided by the personnel of tanning salons after the UVR regulation was enacted. The first wave of the representative National Cancer Aid Monitoring on Sunbed Use included a subgroup of 357 German citizens between 14 and 45 years who had used sunbeds since the UVR regulation was implemented. The participants provided data on sunbed use and related issues in telephone interviews. Although sunbed operators are mandated to offer their customers certain services at least once since the implementation of the UVR regulation, 15.4% of sunbed users were never advised to use protective eyewear during tanning and 13.1% were not provided with eyewear during their last sunbed use. Overall, 66.0% were never offered to develop a tanning schedule, 56.9% were never advised on the risks of UVR, 43.4% were never offered a determination of their skin type and 40.0% of users were never advised on how to use a sunbed safely. The data showed that 3 years after the UVR regulation was enacted, compliance with this legislation is still not optimal. Binding wording in the legal text and making them applicable to unsupervised sunbeds as well is necessary to extend the impact of this legislation. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. Desenvolvimento profissional dos professores de Matemática: Uma experiência de formação em TIC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Alexandra da Silva Ribeiro Sampaio

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La integración de las TIC es una práctica que debe ser tan natural al docente como la preparación de clases. En el caso de Matemática, esta inclusión surge implícita en los programas oficiales; sin embargo, ni todos los docentes se sienten capaces de las utilizar. Se presenta una experiencia de formación sobre la utilización d e pizarras interactivas con 2 0 profesore s de Matemática, según el referencial TPACK, qu e considera co mpetencias tecnológicas, pedagógicas, de contenido, contextuales y todas las relaciones q ue se establecen. La int ención era investigar si, y cómo, la for mación construida en esta esfera tendría un impacto positivo en la práctica docente y se llevó a cabo un cuestiona rio, en el final de la formación, después de nueve meses y pasados tre s años. Se constató un cambio efectivo en sus prácticas, más cerca de un maestro del siglo XXI, lo que ha promovido el suyo desarr ollo profesional.

  20. A profitable use of by-products of the poultry slaughter. The tanning of hen’s feet skins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Iade Vergara

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this development is to add value to one of the by-products of the poultry slaughtery, the chicken’s feet. The process began with the skinning of the chicken’s feet, which underwent a tanning process to obtain a leather characterised for its similarity with exotic leathers such as the reptile ones. To facilitate its possible production by artisanal means we designed a more environmental-friendly process, eliminating the use of sodium sulfide in the stages corresponding to dehairing and liming, followed by a chromium-free tanning based on a combination of vegetable tannins and synthetic retanning agents. Confirmation of the tanning of the skins was performed by measuring the shrinkage temperature of leathers, obtaining a value of 80 °C, higher than those of the raw hides. Physical properties were evaluated to characterize the product, obtaining tensile strength values of 0,65 kg/mm2 and a tear resistance of 2,10 kg/mm.

  1. 77 FR 37806 - Disregarded Entities and the Indoor Tanning Services Excise Tax

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-06-25

    ... contains amendments to the Income Tax Regulations (26 CFR part 1) under section 1361 of the Internal... subject to any of these taxes. Effective July 1, 2010, section 10907 of the Patient Protection and..., with respect to the indoor tanning services excise tax as having been made or taken by the owner of...

  2. Preparation, characterization and application of dispersible and spherical Nano-SiO2@Copolymer nanocomposite in leather tanning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pan, Hui; Li, Guang-Long; Liu, Rui-Qi; Wang, Su-Xia; Wang, Xiao-Dong

    2017-12-01

    Dispersible and spherical silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2) were prepared with tetraethyl silicate and different surface-modifiers via a simple method. The silica nanoparticles surface-modified with methacryloxy (propyl) trimethoxysilane (denoted as MPS-SiO2), dimethyl diallyl ammoniumchloride (denoted as DMDAAC-SiO2) and poly (methacrylic acid) (denoted as PMAA-SiO2) which are known as hydrophobic, amphiphilic and hydrophilic modifiers, respectively, exhibited excellent dispersibility in various solvents or polymer matrix. The obtained bare silica nanoparticles, MPS-SiO2, DMDAAC-SiO2 and PMAA-SiO2 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A series of nanocomposites (denoted as SiO2/P, MPS-SiO2/P, DMDAAC-SiO2/P and PMAA-SiO2/P, respectively) were also prepared with the bare or surface-modified silica nanoparticles and methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-salicylic acid tetrabasic copolymer (denoted as PMAAS) and applied in leather tanning. Compared with those of the leather tanned with the commercial acrylic resin (CHINATAN OM) and pure tetrabasic copolymer tanning agents, the physical and mechanical properties, rheological properties and thermal stabilities of the leather treated with SiO2/P, MPS-SiO2/P, DMDAAC-SiO2/P or PMAA-SiO2/P founded to be improved in a significant way. Moreover, the highest shrinkage temperature of the wet-white sheepskin tanned with PMAA-SiO2/P reached to 76 °C and the thickness increase reached to 105%.

  3. Modelos animales de degeneración cognitiva y uso de transplantes neurales de células madre como terapia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alcyr Alves de Oliveira

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Existen pocos modelos animales de degeneración cognitiva que podrían ser considerados tan importantes como el modelo de lesión colinérgica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es una patología neurodegenerativa asociada con el envejecimiento y con degeneración cognitiva acentuada y progresiva. Sus complejas y múltiples vías neurales secuenciales pueden conducir a la comprensión de que las intervenciones de agente único pueden ser insuficiente para impactar el curso de esta enfermedad. El tratamiento farmacológico actual es paliativo y, aunque pueda retardar el progreso de la enfermedad, no es capaz de ofrecer una cura. La combinación de drogas y sustancias antioxidantes han sido investigadas, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que demuestran resultados consistentes basados en esta presunción. Así, el objetivo de este artículo fue destacar las terapias basadas en la reposición celular como potencial tratamiento para enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico y central.

  4. Páncreas heterotópico como causa de invaginación intestinal: primer caso reportado en el Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Bazán Zender

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El páncreas heterotópico (PH es una condición rara en la población pediátrica. Los casos de PH que conllevan a una invaginación ileal, son infrecuentes en niños y muy raramente reportados, usualmente mostrándose con síntomas de obstrucción intestinal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de un año de edad, con una historia crónica de anorexia, irritabilidad, dolor abdominal, acompañado de episodios intermitentes de sangrado tipo "jalea de grosella" que evoluciona a sangrado rectal rutilante. El paciente presenta un diagnóstico concomitante de colitis alérgica, lo cual prolonga el tratamiento quirúrgico efectivo en un centro asistencial externo. En la tomografía abdominal se encuentra el signo de la "escarapela" clásico. En la laparotomía exploratoria se confirma invaginación ileoileal, se encuentra una masa que el laboratorio de histopatología confirma como PH. A nuestro conocimiento, es el primer caso de invaginación por PH pediátrico reportado en el Perú.

  5. Radiation-initiated graft polymerization of methyl acrylate onto chrome-tanned sheepskin

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaldirimci, C.; Bas, N.

    1982-01-01

    Radiation grafting method was applied to obtain leather-polymer composite. Grafting of methyl acrylate onto chrome-tanned, bluestock sheepskin was investigated under the initiatory effect of 60 Co radiation of 0.20 11.50 Mrad. The percent of grafting was determined and water adsorption and shrinkage temperature measurements were carried out. It was shown that 2-4 Mrad is convenient to produce leather-polymer composite. (author)

  6. Comparison of the reconstruction trochanteric antigrade nail (TAN) with the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the management of reverse oblique intertrochanteric hip fractures.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Makki, Daoud; Matar, Hosam E; Jacob, Nebu; Lipscombe, Stephen; Gudena, Ravindra

    2015-12-01

    Reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures have unique mechanical characteristics and are often treated with intramedullary implants. We compared the outcomes of the reconstruction trochanteric antegrade nail (TAN) with the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA). Between July 2008 and February 2014, we reviewed all patients with reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures treated at our hospital. Patients with pathological fractures and those who were treated with other than TAN and PFNA nailing systems were excluded. Preoperative assessment included the Abbreviated mental test score (AMT), the ASA grade, pre-injury mobility and place of residence. Postoperative outcome measures included the type of implant used, time to fracture union, failures of fixation and revision surgeries. Fifty-eight patients were included and divided into two groups based on the treatment: 22 patients treated with TAN and 36 patients treated with PFNA systems. The two groups were well matched with regards to demographics and fracture type. The overall union rate was similar in both groups but the time to union was shorter in the TAN group. There were 8 implant failures in the PFNA (22.2%) group compare to none in the TAN group. Implant failure was associated with the severity of fracture (AO 31.A3.3) but was not related to fracture malreduction or screw position (Tip-apex-distance). Our study suggests that the use of reconstruction system with two screws such as TAN may be more suitable implant for reverse oblique intertrochanteric hip fractures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Studies of obtaining and stability in aqueous medium of new complex compounds of Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) used in ecological leather tanning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crudu, Marian; Sibiescu, Doina; Rosca, Ioan; Sutiman, Daniel; Vizitiu, Mihaela

    2009-01-01

    In this paper, the study of obtaining new coordination compounds of Ti(IV) and Zr(IV) using as ligand: D,L-β-iso-butyric acid, is presented. Also, the stability of these compounds in aqueous medium is studied. The studies of obtaining and of stability of the new compounds were accomplished in aqueous solutions using methods characteristic for coordination compounds: conductance and pH measurements. The combination ratios and the stability were determined with methods characteristic for studies in solutions. From experimental data resulted that the combination ratio of central metallic atoms with the ligand derived from D,L-β-iso-butyric acid was 1:2. From experimental data resulted that in strong acid and strong basic mediums, the coordination compounds could not be obtained. The optimal stability of the studied compounds is limited between 3-6, pH - values. This fact is in accordance with the conditions of using these compounds in ecological leather tanning. Of great importance is that these compounds were used with very good results in tanning processes of different types of leather. This fact evidenced that the ecological alternative of tanning is better than non-ecological tanning using chrome compounds. The importance of this paper consists in obtaining new coordination compounds that can be used in ecological leather tanning.

  8. Cancer incidence and specific occupational exposures in the Swedish leather tanning industry: a cohort based case-control study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mikoczy, Z; Schütz, A; Strömberg, U; Hagmar, L

    1996-01-01

    OBJECTIVE--To study the effect on the incidence of cancer of exposure to chemicals handled in the leather tanning industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS--A case-control study was performed within a cohort of 2487 workers employed for at least six months during the period 1900-89 in three Swedish leather tanneries. 68 cancer cases (lung, stomach, bladder, kidney, nasal, and pancreatic cancers and soft tissue sarcomas) and 178 matched controls were studied. Effects of chemical exposures on cancer incidence, adjusted for age at risk, sex, and plant were estimated with a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS--A significant association was found between exposure to leather dust and pancreatic cancer (odds ratio (OR) 7.19, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.44 to 35-89). An association was indicated between leather dust from vegetable tanning and lung cancer. After adjustment for smoking habits a tentative association between organic solvents and lung cancer lost its significance. No association was found between exposure to chlorophenols and soft tissue sarcomas. CONCLUSIONS--The significant association between leather tanning and soft tissue sarcomas that was found in our previous cohort analysis could not be explained by exposure to chlorophenols. On the other hand a significant association was found between exposure to leather dust and pancreatic cancer, and exposure to leather dust from vegetable tanning was often present in cases with lung cancer. Due to the small numbers of cases, the results can, however, only lead to tentative conclusions. PMID:8704870

  9. Liderazgo y poder en las organizaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Valcarce Fernández, Antonio

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo, presentamos una revisión sobre el liderazgo y el poder como fenómenos presentes dentro de la organización y empleando para ello la perspectiva de la Psicología de las Organizaciones. En cuanto al liderazgo señalaremos una contextualizacion, asi como las definiciones que se han aceptado y las distintas teorias que han ido formando el estudio del liderazgo así como las habilidades directivas que se enmarcan dentro del liderazgo efectivo,a su vez explicaremos los nue...

  10. Foraminíferos bentónicos como indicadores paleoecológicos de la Formación Uscari (Mioceno Temprano-Medio), Cuenca de Limón (Sur), Costa Rica

    OpenAIRE

    Betancur, Julliet

    2014-01-01

    La Formación Uscari (en los ríos Torito y Calvario, y las secciones 3X, Peralta y Alto Guayacán), muestra una somerización desde zonas batiales inferiores hasta zonas neríticas durante el Mioceno Temprano. En el Mioceno Medio cambia nuevamente a zonas batiales no tan profundas como las alcanzadas en el área de 3X, durante el intervalo anterior. Durante el Mioceno Temprano las zonas batiales estuvieron caracterizadas por ambientes eutróficos a mesotróficos depositadas bajo condiciones de surge...

  11. La desmovilización como reingeniería criminal : tránsito de autodefensas a bandas criminales

    OpenAIRE

    Vélez Gómez, Diana Patricia

    2013-01-01

    La presente investigación plantea que la desmovilización de las autodefensas se convirtió en un mecanismo excepcional, expedito y efectivo de reingeniería criminal que permitió configurar un nuevo actor, a partir de un proceso de descarte, adaptación y concentración

  12. Investigation of endogenous biomass efficiency in the treatment of unhairing effluents from the tanning industry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mlaik, Najwa; Bouzid, Jalel; Gharsallah, Neji; Belbahri, Lassad; Woodward, Steve; Mechichi, Tahar

    2009-08-01

    The tanning industry is of great economic importance worldwide; however, the potential environmental impact of tanning is significant. An important component in tanning is the removal of hair from the hide (unhairing), a process which generates considerable amounts of toxic effluent characterized by a high concentration of sulphur, rich mineral compounds, a high alkalinity and a high organic load. The purpose of the work described here was to evaluate the biodegradability of the unhairing wastewater by endogenous biomass in batch culture and continuous systems. The detoxification of the effluent was assessed by seed germination tests. The batch culture experiments showed that variations in COD, temperature and pH significantly affected the endogenous biomass growth and activity. The optimal treatment condition corresponded to an initial COD of 6 g/L, pH of 7 and 30 degrees C. Under continuous culture conditions, the reactor was fed for 48 days with the unhairing effluent. The optimal COD removal efficiency was 85.5%. During treatment, a transformation of sulphides into thiosulphates and then sulphates was also observed. The effect of untreated and treated unhairing wastewater on seed germination of different plant species was studied. The data suggested that treatment decreased the wastewater toxicity. Indeed, germination was inhibited when the effluent dilution was lower than 20% and 10% for treated and untreated wastewater, respectively.

  13. Electric dipole moments in the MSSM at large tan β

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Demir, D.; Olive, K.A.; Pospelov, M.; Ritz, A.

    2003-11-01

    Within the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the large tan β regime can lead to important modifications in the pattern of CP-violating sources contributing to low energy electric dipole moments (EDMs). In particular, four-fermion CP-violating interactions induced by Higgs exchange should be accounted for alongside the constituent EDMs of quarks and electrons. To this end, we present a comprehensive analysis of three low energy EDM observables - namely the EDMs of thallium, mercury and the neutron - at large tan β, in terms of one- and two-loop contributions to the constituent EDMs and four-fermion interactions. We concentrate on the constrained MSSM as well as the MSSM with non-universal Higgs masses, and include the CP-violating phases of μ and A. Our results indicate that the atomic EDMs receive significant corrections from four-fermion operators, especially when Im(A) is the only CP-violating source, whereas the neutron EDM remains relatively insensitive to these effects. As a consequence, in a large portion of the parameter space, one cannot infer a separate bound on the electron EDM via the experimental constraint on the thallium EDM. Furthermore, we find that the electron EDM can be greatly reduced due to the destructive interference of one- and two-loop contributions with the latter being dominated by virtual staus. (orig.)

  14. Electric dipole moments in the MSSM at large tanβ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Demir, Durmus; Lebedev, Oleg; Olive, Keith A.; Pospelov, Maxim; Ritz, Adam

    2004-01-01

    Within the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the large tanβ regime can lead to important modifications in the pattern of CP-violating sources contributing to low energy electric dipole moments (EDMs). In particular, four-fermion CP-violating interactions induced by Higgs exchange should be accounted for alongside the constituent EDMs of quarks and electrons. To this end, we present a comprehensive analysis of three low energy EDM observables - namely the EDMs of thallium, mercury and the neutron - at large tanβ, in terms of one- and two-loop contributions to the constituent EDMs and four-fermion interactions. We concentrate on the constrained MSSM as well as the MSSM with non universal Higgs masses, and include the CP-violating phases of μ and A. Our results indicate that the atomic EDMs receive significant corrections from four-fermion operators, especially when Im(A) is the only CP-violating source, whereas the neutron EDM remains relatively insensitive to these effects. As a consequence, in a large portion of the parameter space, one cannot infer a separate bound on the electron EDM via the experimental constraint on the thallium EDM. Furthermore, we find that the electron EDM can be greatly reduced due to the destructive interference of one- and two-loop contributions with the latter being dominated by virtual status

  15. Effects of dehydration methods on characteristics of fibrous networks from un-tanned hides

    Science.gov (United States)

    To improve prospective markets and to secure a viable future for the hides and leather industries, it is important to develop new uses and novel biobased products from hides. We hypothesize collagen fiber networks derived from un-tanned hides can be utilized to prepare high performance green compos...

  16. 77 FR 43157 - Disregarded Entities and the Indoor Tanning Services Excise Tax; Correction

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-07-24

    ... Disregarded Entities and the Indoor Tanning Services Excise Tax; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service... tax. DATES: This correction is effective on July 24, 2012, and applies on and after June 25, 2012. FOR... Subjects in 26 CFR Part 301 Employment taxes, Estate taxes, Excise taxes, Gift taxes, Income taxes...

  17. Design and methods for a cluster randomized trial of the Sunless Study: A skin cancer prevention intervention promoting sunless tanning among beach visitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Merriam Philip

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Skin cancer is the most prevalent yet most preventable cancer in the US. While protecting oneself from ultraviolet radiation (UVR can largely reduce risk, rates of unprotected sun exposure remain high. Because the desire to be tan often outweighs health concerns among sunbathers, very few interventions have been successful at reducing sunbathing behavior. Sunless tanning (self-tanners and spray tans, a method of achieving the suntanned look without UVR exposure, might be an effective supplement to prevention interventions. Methods and Design This cluster randomized trial will examine whether a beach-based intervention that promotes sunless tanning as a substitute for sunbathing and includes sun damage imaging and sun safety recommendations is superior to a questionnaire only control group in reducing sunbathing frequency. Female beach visitors (N = 250 will be recruited from 2 public beaches in eastern Massachusetts. Beach site will be the unit of randomization. Follow-up assessment will occur at the end of the summer (1-month following intervention and 1 year later. The primary outcome is average sunbathing time per week. The study was designed to provide 90% power for detecting a difference of .70 hours between conditions (standard deviation of 2.0 at 1-year with an intra-cluster correlation coefficient of 0.01 and assuming a 25% rate of loss to follow-up. Secondary outcomes include frequency of sunburns, use of sunless tanning products, and sun protection behavior. Discussion Interventions might be improved by promoting behavioral substitutes for sun exposure, such as sunless tanners, that create a tanned look without exposure to UVR. Trial registration NCT00403377

  18. Coverage of skin cancer and recreational tanning in North American magazines before and after the landmark 2006 International Agency for Research on Cancer report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McWhirter, Jennifer E; Hoffman-Goetz, Laurie

    2015-02-21

    Skin cancer is an increasingly important global public health problem. Mass media is a key source of skin cancer information. We examined how media coverage of skin cancer has changed over time as a consequence of the release of a key public health report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2006, which linked ultraviolet (UV) radiation from indoor tanning and skin cancer. A directed content analysis of skin cancer and tanning coverage in 29 popular North American magazines (2001-2012) examined reporting of skin cancer risk factors, UV behaviors, and early detection in article text (n = 761) and images (n = 1267). Chi-square and correlational analyses were used determine whether coverage changed in relation to the 2006 IARC report. The total volume of articles about skin cancer and tanning increased modestly after the IARC report (χ (2) = 4.57, df = 1, p tanning, UV as a risk factor) were no more likely to be reported after compared to before the report. There were virtually no changes in the percentage of coverage for both risk factors and early detection information over time. There were some changes in the percentage of coverage about UV behaviors after the IARC report, but these variables were not directly related to the report. Magazines were more likely to encourage sunscreen use (χ (2) = 11.55, df = 1, p tanned look as attractive (χ (2) = 9.72, df = 1, p skin cancer and tanning.

  19. Tan lejos de dios y tan cerca del New York times. Los grandes medios y el conflicto internacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Clemencia Rodríguez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available En un mundo tan complejo, los medios de comunicación son las fuentes de información fundamentales. La calidad de la información que éstos nos ofrecen va a determinar nuestra visión del mundo. Sin embargo, los medios de comunicación siguen siendo banalizados y mal entendidos. Tampoco existen organismos que fiscalicen la calidad de la información internacional. Cuando se piensa en cómo prevenir o solucionar una crisis, rara vez se toma en cuenta la calidad de la información y el cubrimiento de los medios. Pero es fundamental que cambiemos esta concepción. Sólo con base en una sólida visión del conflicto desde la economía política y desde la historia pueden evitarse las interpretaciones culturales facilistas.

  20. DETERMINING LIGHTFASTNESS PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE TANNINS AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LEATHERS TANNED WITH MODIFIED MIMOSA AND QUEBRACHO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    OMUR Sukru

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The vegetable tannins are the oldest tanning agents used in leather industry. They give their natural character and colour to the leathers which they are applied to, but they have the disadvantage of colour change when they are exposed to light for prolonged times. In this study light fastness properties of leathers tanned with mimosa, quebracho, valonea and chestnut tannins were measured. Lightfastness properties of mimosa and quebracho tannins were found lower. Then these tannins were modified with sulphitation, novalac synthesis and sulphomethylation processes. Lightfastness and determination of volatile matter, determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane, determination of sulphated total ash and sulphated water-insoluble ash, determination of water soluble matter, water soluble inorganic matter and water soluble organic matter, determination of nitrogen content and hide substance, calculation of degree of tannage determination of formaldehyde content analyses were performed to the leathers tanned with modified mimosa and quebracho tannins. From comparison of results, it was understood that sulpmethylation process can be used for production of leathers with higher lightfastness and without major change on chemical properties. When chemical properties of leathers tanned with modified quebracho and mimosa are considered: volatile matter, sulphated total ash and sulphated water- insoluble ash, water soluble matter, water soluble inorganic matter and water soluble organic matter, hide substance and formaldehyde contents were found compatible with standard mimosa and quebracho. However degree of tannage and matter soluble in dichloromethane values were found lower, which means some enhancements in modification or fatliquoring process should be considered.

  1. Sistema de comercio electrónico basado en redes sociales

    OpenAIRE

    Castillo Hernández, Saúl

    2016-01-01

    En los últimos años, Internet ha cambiado la forma de hacer negocios ya que se ha establecido como una herramienta eficiente para encontrar productos, llegar a nuevos clientes, así como para administrar negocios de todos tamaños. Por otro lado, las redes sociales basadas en Internet (o redes sociales virtuales) han enriquecido la forma y el alcance de las relaciones humanas ya que se han consolidado como un medio efectivo y casi ubicuo para la diseminación de la información generada por s...

  2. DINERO ELECTRÓNICO, PARADIGMAS Y REALIDADES

    OpenAIRE

    Chafla Altamirano, Gustavo Xavier

    2016-01-01

    El dinero electrónico surge como una alternativa tecnológica y de mercado que utiliza la infraestructura de la red celular existente y permite las transacciones económicas como medio de pago. Por su versatilidad se convierte en un efectivo producto sustituto de otros medios económicos como cheques, trasferencias y tarjetas de débito, los cuales operan contra un fondo de dinero que el usuario ha depositado en el sistema bancario. Sin embargo, en América Latina, al rededor del 40% de la Poblaci...

  3. Üstün Zekâlılar: Özellikleri, Tanılanmaları, Eğitimleri (KİTAP İNCELEMELERİ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Şule Demirel

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available “Üstün Zekâlılar: Özellikleri, Tanılanmaları, Eğitimleri” adlı yenilenmiş ikinci basım olan bu kitap; üstün zekâ tanımları ve tarihçesi, üstün zekâ kuramları, üstün zekâlıların özellikleri ve gelişimleri, tanılama, eğitim stratejileri, müfredat tasarımı ve müfredat modelleri, eğitim prog-ramı tasarımı, program değerlendirmesi, sosyal-duyuşsal-akademik konular ve rehberlik, üs-tün zekâlı öğrencilerin öğretmenleri olmak üzere on bölümden oluşmaktadır.

  4. Modelling of XCO2 Surfaces Based on Flight Tests of TanSat Instruments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Li Li Zhang

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The TanSat carbon satellite is to be launched at the end of 2016. In order to verify the performance of its instruments, a flight test of TanSat instruments was conducted in Jilin Province in September, 2015. The flight test area covered a total area of about 11,000 km2 and the underlying surface cover included several lakes, forest land, grassland, wetland, farmland, a thermal power plant and numerous cities and villages. We modeled the column-average dry-air mole fraction of atmospheric carbon dioxide (XCO2 surface based on flight test data which measured the near- and short-wave infrared (NIR reflected solar radiation in the absorption bands at around 760 and 1610 nm. However, it is difficult to directly analyze the spatial distribution of XCO2 in the flight area using the limited flight test data and the approximate surface of XCO2, which was obtained by regression modeling, which is not very accurate either. We therefore used the high accuracy surface modeling (HASM platform to fill the gaps where there is no information on XCO2 in the flight test area, which takes the approximate surface of XCO2 as its driving field and the XCO2 observations retrieved from the flight test as its optimum control constraints. High accuracy surfaces of XCO2 were constructed with HASM based on the flight’s observations. The results showed that the mean XCO2 in the flight test area is about 400 ppm and that XCO2 over urban areas is much higher than in other places. Compared with OCO-2’s XCO2, the mean difference is 0.7 ppm and the standard deviation is 0.95 ppm. Therefore, the modelling of the XCO2 surface based on the flight test of the TanSat instruments fell within an expected and acceptable range.

  5. Wet skins tanning with chromium in dense CO{sub 2} under pressure; Tannage au chrome de peaux humides en CO{sub 2} dense sous pression

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saldinari, L. [Tanneries Roux SA, 26 - Romans Sur Isere (France)]|[Tanneries du Puy (France)]|[Tanneries d' Annonay, 07 (France); Dutel, Ch. [Societe ATC (France); Perre, Ch. [CEA Centre de Pierrelatte (DCC/DTE/SLC), 26 (France)

    2000-07-01

    An ancestral gesture steadily improved through the centuries, the transformation of skins into leather includes several stages of which the principal one is tanning. Today, 90 % of the world's leather products are tanned with chromium. However, this stage is an environmental liability, and reducing the volume and chromium content of the waste has become a major issue. A first study on skin degreasing by dense CO{sub 2} helped sharply reduce the volume of the fatty effluents. To replace water by dense CO{sub 2} as the tanning medium was the logical next step. The present study was carried out in cooperation with three tanneries in the Rhone-Alpes-Auvergne area of France and a manufacturer of tanning materials. The difficulty of the study was the chemically opposed character of the two media involved. CO{sub 2} is a non-polar and lipophilic solvent while inorganic chromium is insoluble. The water present in the treated skin is a polar and ionic reaction medium and one of the reagents in tanning chemistry. The mixture of these two partially miscible compounds gives a pH 3 by carbonic acid formation. Tanning is based on the reactivity of collagen, the main component of the skin, with hydroxylated complexes of chromium. Collagen is a protein containing some chemical functions, amines (R-NH{sub 2}) and carboxylic (R-COOH) for example. These functions impart an amphoteric character to the compound. The WERNER theory of complex salts explains the formation of hydroxylated complexes of chromium and their fixing on the carboxylic functions of collagen by oxolation. pH is the key parameter in tanning. The success of the process demands chromium impregnation without fixing it at a pH lower than 5, and then to fix it by increasing the pH. This opened two alternatives for transferring chromium in the skin: solubilize chromium in CO{sub 2} via soluble organometallic complexes; or put the chromium salt into suspension without solubilizing it. The best results were obtained

  6. 78 FR 27117 - General and Plastic Surgery Devices: Reclassification of Ultraviolet Lamps for Tanning...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-05-09

    ... (for example, because of living in polar regions) this should be supplemented through diet rather than... the final order, FDA intends to exercise enforcement discretion while manufacturers prepare and submit... in Young Women: An Evaluation of the Association of Tanning Bed Use and Smoking,'' Journal of the...

  7. Probióticos para la prevención de la diarrea asociada al clostridium difficile en adultos y niños

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2014-05-01

    Resultados principales: Sobre la base de esta revisión sistemática y del metanálisis de 23 ensayos controlados aleatorios con 4213 pacientes, las pruebas de calidad moderada indican que los probióticos son tanto seguros como efectivos para prevenir la diarrea asociada al Clostridium difficile.

  8. Selection of the Chrome Reduction Bacteria in the Waste of Tanning Leather Industries by Ozonization Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yazid, M.; Aris Bastianudin; Widdi Usada

    2007-01-01

    Selection of the chrome reduction bacteria in the waste of tanning leather industries by ozonization method has been done. The objectives of this research was to obtain isolate bacteria from the waste with chrome contain, so that expected can be used for chrome bioremediation agent for arrange to improved the waste treatment for tanning leather industries. Selection of bacteria in the waste was carried out by ozonization method with time variation 0 to 210 minutes by time interval 15 minutes. Isolation bacteria was carried out was grown on the BHI media for 24 hours at 37°C temperature. So be inoculated by streak plate method on the TBX, MC, EA, CTM and BP media. Characterization of bacteria was done by saw the colonies morphology, sel morphology and biochemical characterization. So, identification of isolate bacteria by matching profile method. The result of this research can be obtained 5 isolate bacteria BCR1, BCR2, BCR3, BCR4 and BCR5 with the different phenotypic character. From the five isolate can be selected resistance ozon isolate until 180 minutes time ozonization were BCR 2, were identified belong to the genus of Bacillus. The examination results showed that the isolate bacteria be able to reduction of the chrome concentration in the waste of tanning leather industries by 71.03 %. Efficiency. (author)

  9. El estudiante como protagonista de su aprendizaje: la necesidad del uso del portafolio en enfermería dentro del contexto de educación superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eva García-Carpintero Blas

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Las reformas promovidas por el proceso Bolonia han implicado cambios en las formas de enseñar y aprender dentro del marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Esta amplia remodelación trae consigo por un lado un cambio estructural y, por otro, una reconceptualización del proceso de aprendizaje apoyada en las teorías constructivistas, a través de estrategias metodológicas de construcción del conocimiento desarrolladas por los estudiantes. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una reflexión teórica acerca del uso del portafolio como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza y aprendizaje dentro de este contexto. Se ha observado que la implicación de los estudiantes en la identificación de los problemas a través del portafolio, facilita a los docentes una mayor comprensión de los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, así como una oportunidad para éstos de efectuar un aprendizaje más reflexivo, autónomo y participativo, tan importante en disciplinas eminentemente prácticas como la Enfermería.

  10. Effects of dehydration methods on the characteristics of fibrous networks from un-tanned hides

    Science.gov (United States)

    To improve prospective markets and to secure a viable future for the hides and leather industries, it is important to develop new uses and novel biobased products from hides. We hypothesize collagen fiber networks derived from un-tanned hides can be utilized to prepare high performance green compos...

  11. TAN Hot Shop and Support Facility Utilization Study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Picker, B.A.

    2001-11-16

    Impacts to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex caused by early closure (prior to 2018) and Demolition and Dismantlement (D and D) of the Test Area North (TAN) hot shop and its support facilities are explored in this report. Various possible conditions, such as Standby, Safe Store and Lay-up, that the facility may be placed in prior to eventually being turned over to D and D are addressed. The requirements, impacts, and implications to the facility and to the DOE Complex are discussed for each condition presented in the report. Some details of the report reference the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Spent Nuclear Fuel Life Cycle Baseline Plan, the INEEL 2000 Infrastructure Long Range Plan, and other internal INEEL reports.

  12. TAN HOT SHOP AND SUPPORT FACILITY UTILIZATION STUDY

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Phillips, Ken Crawforth

    2001-11-01

    Impacts to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex caused by early closure (prior to 2018) and Demolition and Dismantlement (D&D) of the Test Area North (TAN) hot shop and its support facilities are explored in this report. Various possible conditions, such as Standby, Safe Store and Lay-up, that the facility may be placed in prior to eventually being turned over to D&D are addressed. The requirements, impacts, and implications to the facility and to the DOE Complex are discussed for each condition presented in the report. Some details of the report reference the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) Spent Nuclear Fuel Life Cycle Baseline Plan, the INEEL 2000 Infrastructure Long Range Plan, and other internal INEEL reports.

  13. Prevalence of sunburn, sun protection, and indoor tanning behaviors among Americans: review from national surveys and case studies of 3 states.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Buller, David B; Cokkinides, Vilma; Hall, H Irene; Hartman, Anne M; Saraiya, Mona; Miller, Eric; Paddock, Lisa; Glanz, Karen

    2011-11-01

    Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (from solar and nonsolar sources) is a risk factor for skin cancer. We sought to summarize recent estimates on sunburns, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning available from national and selected statewide behavioral surveys. Estimates of the prevalence of sunburn, sun-protection behaviors, and indoor tanning by US adults, adolescents, and children collected in national surveys in 1992, 2004 to 2005, and 2007 to 2009 were identified and extracted from searches of computerized databases (ie, MEDLINE and PsychINFO), reference lists, and survey World Wide Web sites. Sunburn estimates from 3 state Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Systems were also analyzed. Latest published estimates (2005) showed that 34.4% of US adults were sunburned in the past year. Incidence of sunburns was highest among men, non-Hispanic whites, young adults, and high-income groups in national surveys. About 3 in 10 adults routinely practiced sun-protection behaviors, and women and older adults took the most precautions. Among adolescents, 69% were sunburned in the previous summer and less than 40% practiced sun protection. Approximately 60% of parents applied sunscreen and a quarter used shade to protect children. Indoor tanning was prevalent among younger adults and females. Limitations include potential recall errors and social desirability in self-report measures, and lack of current data on children. Many Americans experienced sunburns and a minority engaged in protective behaviors. Females and older adults were most vigilant about sun protection. Substantial proportions of young women and adolescents recently used indoor tanning. Future efforts should promote protective hats, clothing, and shade; motivate males and younger populations to take precautions; and convince women and adolescents to reduce indoor tanning. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Programas de Educación Bilingüe en Cantabria: la mediación de las lenguas extranjeras en un nuevo escenario educativo. Bilingual Education Programmes in Cantabria: Foreign Language Mediation in a New Educative Scenario.

    OpenAIRE

    Javier Barbero Andrés

    2014-01-01

    (ES) La adopción, generalización y consolidación de los Programas de Educación Bilingüe en Cantabria responde a la plena inserción de nuestra Comunidad Autónoma en las derivas educativas que caracterizan el contexto nacional, europeo e internacional. Documentos clave como el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia; herramientas didácticas tan poderosas como el Portfolio Europeo de las Lenguas; y apuestas metodológicas tan innovadoras como el Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenido y Lengua Extranjera ha...

  15. Radiological characterization of the TAN-IET facility

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Koeppen, L.D.; Rodriguez, S.V.; Wheeler, O.A.; Cadwell, E.D.; Simpson, O.D.

    1982-06-01

    The Initial Engine Test (IET) facility is located on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) site at the north end of Test Area North (TAN). The IET facility was constructed and used for the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Program during the 1950's and was later used for two other programs: the Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power Transient (SNAP-TRAN) and the Hallam Decontamination and Decommissioning Project. The facility is no longer in use, therefore, a complete radiological characterization was conducted at the IET site. The characterization included measurements of beta-gamma dose rates; beta-gamma and alpha surface contamination; concentrations of selected radionuclides in subsurface storage tanks, surface soil, the exhaust duct, stack and test pad; and a walk-over surface survey of the entire facility. The information contained in this report will be of great value as the IET facility goes through the decommissioning and decontamination process.

  16. [The characteristics of the cholinoreceptors on the identified TAN neuron of the giant African snail Achatina fulica].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stepanov, I I; Losev, N A

    1999-04-01

    Acetylcholine, nicotine, a selective agonist of N-cholinoreceptors suberildicholine dibromide, as well as a selective agonist of M-cholinoreceptors 5-methylfurmethide inhibited spike discharges in a dose-dependent manner up to a complete ceasing of the firing in cholinoreceptors situated on the identified neurone TAN of African giant snail Achatina fulica. M-cholinoblocker metamizylum completely prevented the inhibitory effect of methylfurmethide. Central cholinoblocker aetherophen completely prevented the inhibitory effect of suberildicholine dibromide. Metamizylum or aetherophen used alone were only able to decrease the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine, whereas a mixture of these agents suppressed completely the acetylcholine-induced inhibition. The findings suggest that, on the TAN membrane, nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoreceptors co-exist and function in one and the same direction.

  17. APLIKASI KORELASI PEARSON DALAM MEMBANGUN MODEL TREE-AUGMENTED NETWORK (TAN (Studi Kasus Pengenalan Karakter Tulisan Tangan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irwan Budi Santoso

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available Langkah pertama dalam membangun model pengenalan Tree-Augmented Network (TAN  dengan  mengukur  besarnya  hubungan  diantara  pasangan  fitur  objek.  Salah  satu metode yang dapat digunakan mengukur besarnya keeratan hubungan secara linier diantara pasangan fitur adalah   Korelasi Pearson. Aplikasi Korelasi Pearson  dalam membangun model Tree-Augmented Network (TAN dalam penelitian ini, akan diujicobakan pada kasus membangun  model pengenalan karakter tulisan tangan. Data fitur karakter tulisan tangan untuk kasus ini, diasumsikan mengikuti distribusi gaussian karena estimasi parameter model pengenalannya menggunakan estimator Maximum Likelihood (ML. Hasil eksperimen dengan menggunakan data training yang terdiri dari 5 jenis karakter tulisan tangan, menunjukkan untuk dimensi fitur karakter tulisan tangan 10x30 (30 fitur, akurasi sistem Korelasi Pearson dalam membangun model TAN untuk mengenali karakter tulisan tangan  sebesar 88 %.

  18. Talking about sunbed tanning: Social representations and identity-work.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taylor, Jennifer; Murray, Michael; Lamont, Alexandra

    2017-07-01

    Despite the publicised health risks associated with its usage, sunbed tanning remains popular in many Western countries. Previous research indicates that knowledge of the harmful effects does not necessarily lead to a reduction in sunbed use. The aim of this study was to develop a more extensive social psychological understanding of sunbed use, in the United Kingdom, by exploring the social representations of sunbed tanning held by both those who use and who have never used sunbeds. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 sunbed users and 10 who had never used a sunbed. A thematic analysis identified two dimensions in the social representations of both the users and non-users; these were concerned with a) health and b) beauty. However, whereas non-users emphasised the health risks, users downplayed and minimised them, instead emphasising the health benefits. Similarly, whereas non-users emphasised the negative aspects of excessive concern with beauty, sunbed users challenged and distanced themselves from this negativity. Sunbed users were engaged in a form of identity-work to protect themselves from the wider negativity and disapproval of which they were aware. Theoretically, social representations theory has provided a unique lens through which to explore this topic, highlighting the importance of taking into consideration the wider environment in which sunbed use takes place. Preliminary practical suggestions include that health workers should consider identity-work when designing interventions aimed at reducing sunbed use. Findings also suggest that, rather than continuing to educate sunbed users about the risks, campaigns and interventions should challenge the commonly drawn upon arguments about the health benefits. These benefits emerged as a particularly powerful discursive tool for the sunbed users in helping to justify their behaviour, but also to counteract negative stereotypes and assumptions they knew others held of them. Copyright © 2017

  19. High School Students’ Use of Sunscreen and Tanning Beds

    Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

    2014-08-20

    This podcast is an interview with Corey Basch, EdD, MPH, assistant professor in the Department of Public Health at William Paterson University. Dr. Basch discusses her study on high school students’ use of sunscreen and tanning beds between 2001 and 2011.  Created: 8/20/2014 by Preventing Chronic Disease (PCD), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP).   Date Released: 8/20/2014.

  20. La religión como currículo social: educación, valores e Islam en Europa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Javier Llorent García

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Cuando la religión se convierte en parte integrante de los debates políticos modernos, las ideas religiosas influyen en las decisiones y definiciones de conceptos como la educación, la participación en el mercado laboral, la estructura y función de la familia como unidad social y la igualdad. La integración y la inmigración pasan a primer plano a medida que el concepto de ciudadanía adquiere dimensiones culturalistas y moralizantes. Finalmente, religión, política y educación se interfieren en las áreas de la vida que pertenecen a la esfera privada y pública. Desde nuestra perspectiva pedagógica, entendemos que las líneas educativas marcadas por la religión influyen notablemente en el devenir de muchos ciudadanos y se incrustan en el foro político-social. Así nos encontramos que la religión como poderoso instrumento de socialización ejerce una gran influencia intencionada en la educación y valores de los ciudadanos y se configura como el currículo social, normalmente oculto, del contexto próximo de muchos ciudadanos. La presencia del Islam y los musulmanes en Europa, aunque no es un fenómeno nuevo, es cuestionada por los Estados-nación confrontando el currículo oficial, la educación reglada, con el currículo social, muy influido por el Islam entre sus fieles. De esta manera se convierte en parte integrante de la lucha por la identidad nacional individual y colectiva, ya sea en lo referente al laicismo, la democracia o ciudadanía. Y en este sentido, queremos aportar una revisión actualizada de esta cuestión tan presente en Europa.

  1. La teoría del aprendizaje significativo de David Ausubel en la aplicación de los textos de estudios sociales proporcionados por el Ministerio de Educación a los octavos años del Colegio Técnico Referencial "Luis Fernando Ruiz" de Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi, en el año lectivo 2012-2013

    OpenAIRE

    Estévez Borja, Paco

    2013-01-01

    En momentos en que la principal preocupación es mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje (enseñanza de calidad), el docente debe encontrar los medios más efectivos para alcanzar los objetivos educativos y de esta manera lograr un aprendizaje significativo. El concepto de aprendizaje significativo fue desarrollado por David Ausubel para tratar de comprender desde el punto de la psicología, como se produce el aprendizaje en el sujeto, así como sus limitaciones para lo cual relacionó...

  2. Desarrollo y aplicación de una auditoría a los estados financieros en empresas del sector industrial

    OpenAIRE

    Paz Hurel, Ivette; Gonzalez Magallanes, Jessenia

    2009-01-01

    El presente trabajo se basa en el desarrollo y la aplicación de la Auditoria a los Estados Financieros específicamente en una empresa del sector Industrial , teniendo como principal objetivo determinar si los Estados Financieros como Balance General , Estados de Resultado Flujo de Efectivo y Evolución de Patrimonio han sido preparados de acuerdo con los principios de contabilidad generalmente aceptados. Adicionalmente esta tesis servirá de aporte a las universidades y empresas del sector in...

  3. Vacations to sunny destinations, sunburn, and intention to tan: a cross-sectional study in Denmark, 2007-2009.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Køster, Brian; Thorgaard, Camilla; Philip, Anja; Clemmensen, Inge Haunstrup

    2011-02-01

    Denmark has experienced an increase in melanoma incidence since the 1960s. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the main preventable cause of this cancer. We examined current travel to, and sun-related behaviour of Danes at, sunny destinations in relation to their risk for sunburn. A population-based sample of 11,158 respondents aged 15-59 years completed three questionnaires in 2007-2009 that included items on exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Using logistic regression analysis we examined the relations between sunny vacations, sun-related behaviour, demographic factors and risk for sunburn. During 2007-2009, 44.8-45.8% of the respondents travelled to a sunny destination at least once a year; 24% became sunburnt, and 69% tanned intentionally. The odds ratio for sunburn in general for people who went on a sunny vacation as compared with those who did not was 1.6 (1.5-1.7). Sunscreen use (1.9; 1.4-2.6) and intentional tanning (3.4; 2.8-4.1) were positively associated with sunburn on vacation. Taking a vacation in a sunny place is a risk factor for sunburn, especially for young people. The recommendation for sunscreen use should be re-evaluated, as intention to tan is the most important factor in sunburn on vacation and should be targeted more strategically.

  4. Hide Tanning and Its Use in Taiga: The Case of the Orochen-Evenki Reindeer Herders and Hunters of Zabaikalye (East Siberia)

    OpenAIRE

    Donatas Brandišauskas

    2010-01-01

    This article documents the way in which the Orochen-Evenki hunters and herders in northern part of Zabaikalye tan hides and produce gear in the post-Soviet era. Here, I wish to present the argument that it is difficult to understand the reviving of hide tanning in remote villages and the taiga without understanding how hunters and herders in this region adapt to the unstable post-Soviet environment. I suggest that hunters and herders aim to maintain their autonomy from goods and resources imp...

  5. No ciudadanos atrapados en situaciones de conflicto, violencia y desastres

    OpenAIRE

    Koser, Khalid

    2014-01-01

    Cuando los no ciudadanos quedan atrapados en crisis humanitarias, pueden ser tan vulnerables a los desplazamientos y sufrir sus consecuencias tan agudamente como los ciudadanos. Sin embargo, faltan marcos y capacidades para su asistencia y protección.

  6. Influence of different production strategies on the stability of color, oxygen consumption and metmyoglobin reducing activity of meat from Ningxia Tan sheep.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Xiaoguang; Wang, Zhenyu; Miao, Jing; Xie, Li; Dai, Yan; Li, Xingmin; Chen, Yong; Luo, Hailing; Dai, Ruitong

    2014-02-01

    Fifty male Ningxia Tan sheep were randomly divided into five groups (10 per group). Different feeding strategies were applied to each group for 120 days prior to slaughter. The sheep belong to five groups were pastured for 0 h (feedlot-fed), 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h per day on a natural grazing ground, respectively. M. semitendinosus muscle from Tan sheep was obtained after slaughter. Instrumental color, pH values, oxygen consumption rate, metmyoglobin reducing activity and relative metmyoglobin percentages were analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of refrigerated storage. Long-term daily grazing and herbage-based diet were conducive to maintain a lower oxygen consumption rate, higher metmyoglobin reducing activity and lower metmyoglobin accumulation. The combination of pasture-fed and feedlot-fed was conducive to weight gain, and at the same time, increased the color stability of the meat from Ningxia Tan sheep. © 2013.

  7. Proyecto de factibilidad para la crianza y comercialización de ganado porcino como fuente de materia prima para el sector industrial cárnico del Cantón Latacunga.

    OpenAIRE

    Veintimilla Herrera, Edison Lizandro; Vinueza Garzón, Ana Cristina

    2007-01-01

    Una de las amenazas para el sector porcicultor representa la peste porcina clásica, enfermedad que ha ocasionado grandes pérdidas a la porcicultura nacional por su elevado índice de mortalidad. Los programas de vacunación contra esta peste alcanzan niveles muy bajos de cobertura, puesto que representa tan solo el 3%. Dicho de otra manera la situación de la Peste Porcina Clásica en el país es crítica debido a la desatención, carencia de planes oficiales de combate de la enfermedad, así como...

  8. PRODUCTIVIDAD: Una propuesta desde la gestión del conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nofal Nagles García

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Los problemas de la organizaciones están relacionados con las deficiencias y dificultades para realizar procesos efectivos de monitoreo, seguimiento y control de las acciones y actividades que realiza la empresa para la generación de productos y servicios que respondan a las expectativas y necesidades de clientes y mercados. La productividad entendida como el uso efectivo de las capacidades y recursos de la organización en la fabricación de productos o prestación de servicios esta asociada al conocimiento que las personas tienen de las acciones y actividades que se ejecutan en los diversos procesos realizados. Esto implica vincular los temas de gestión del conocimiento, control total de pérdidas y productividad.

  9. Soybean plant growth study conducted using purified protein hydrolysate-based fertilizer made from chrome-tanned leather waste.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pati, Anupama; Chaudhary, Rubina

    2015-12-01

    Leather processing discharges enormous amount of chrome containing leather solid waste which creates a major disposal problem. Chrome-tanned leather solid waste is a complex of collagen and chromium. The presence of chromium limits protein application in fertilizer industry. The purified protein hydrolysate with zero chromium could be used as a nitrogen source for fertilizer formulation. In this study, an attempt has been made to employ purified protein hydrolysate derived from chrome-tanned leather shavings (CTLS) in formulation of fertilizer. The formulated fertilizer (1–3 t ha(-1)) is employed as nitrogen source in production of soybean. Plant growth study demonstrates that formulated fertilizer dosage 3 t ha(-1) produced similar effects of commercial fertilizer-treated plants. Application of formulated fertilizer yielded higher seed in plant than commercial fertilizer.

  10. LA LOGÍSTICA COMO ESTRATEGIA PARA PROVEER DE INTELIGENCIA A LAS ORGANIZACIONES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandro Javier Bolaños Castro

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available En el presente documento se expone una estrategia para disminuir el fracaso que existe en el proceso de apropiación del conocimiento para soportar la toma de decisiones en organizaciones de producción de bienes y servicios.Se evidencia la falta de hacer efectivo el conocimiento para obrar y tomar decisiones, es decir no se potencia el uso del conocimiento por deficiencia en el sistema logístico requerido para suapropiación.Se busca mostrar un camino para hacer que las organizaciones se provean de inteligencia por lo que se propone la utilización de un sistema de aprendizaje organizacional, basado en el diseño de un operador de integración logística de conocimiento con struido a partir de la unión sinérgica de sistemas de gestión de conocimiento y de sistemas de soporte a la decisión.La estrategia para construir el estado del arte parte del concepto propio de inteligencia individual, y por interacción como afecta a las estructuras organizacionales, para luego abordar los conceptos de inteligencia de negocios, inteligencia organizacional y gestión de conocimiento y su papel enel proceso de aprendizaje organizacional. Por lo que la hipótesis de la propuesta es:“Con la Integración Logística de Conocimiento, que se configura como la unión sinérgica de un sistema de soporte a la decisión (DSS y la gestión del flujo de conocimiento; se dota de inteligencia a las organizaciones de producción de bienes y servicios, con capacidad para actuar exitosamente frente a procesos de toma de decisiones que no son abordados con las teorías y enfoques tradicionales.” Para lo cual en primer lugar se propone determinar el estado del arte a partir de la caracterización de la estructura y el ambiente organizacional, determinando los diferentes factores y elementos, en donde se presentan problemas de decisión en la gestión de organizaciones productivas de bienes y servicios en ambientes estratégicos, tácticos y operativos y que proporcione

  11. Efectividad de un programa multicomponente para dejar de fumar aplicado en atención primaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Alonso-Pérez

    2014-05-01

    Conclusiones: El tratamiento multicomponente aplicado fue altamente efectivo. Se sugiere la conveniencia de realizar un entrenamiento específico a los profesionales de la salud de cara a implantar este tipo de intervenciones en el ámbito de la atención primaria, como alternativa al consejo médico para aquellos fumadores que lo precisen.

  12. Santa Fé ante el ataque de Raleigh a la Guayana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Lucena Salmoral

    1962-11-01

    Full Text Available A la una de la tarde del 12 de enero de 1618 comenzaron a desembarcar los efectivos militares que el corsario inglés Walter Raleigh lanzaba contra la pequeña ciudad de Santo Tomé (Guayana, dependiente por aquel entonces, como toda la provincia de El Dorado, de la Real Audiencia de Santa Fé.

  13. Effect of Ducks Yolk and Formic Acid in Fat Liquoring Process on the Physical Quality of Broiler Chicken Shank Chrome Tanning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mustakim Mustakim

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of ducks yolk and formic acid in fat liquoring process of the tanned skin.  The materials used in this study were 30 pieces of 7 weeks of broiler chicken shank. The study was carried out using completely randomized design. The variables measured were softness, tensile strength and stretch of the tanned skin. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The research results showed that the addition of ducks yolk and formic acid didn’t gave significantly affect on the softness (p>0.05, while gave highly significant affect on tensile strength and stretch (p0.05 on the softness and stretch, and have significantly (p<0.05 on the tensile strength of leather. The conclusion of this research the addition of 11% duck yolk and 1% formic acid in fat liquoring is the best treatment for broiler chicken shank chrome tanning on the skin softness (2,667, tensile strength (135,707 kg/cm2, and stretch (37,34%, respectively.

  14. Mejores prácticas en gestión de proveedores a nivel mundial, aplicables al sistema de Administración de la Relación con el Proveedor (ARP) de la Jefatura de Operaciones Logísticas (JOL) de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC)

    OpenAIRE

    Italo Arrazola Aguado

    2014-01-01

    Dentro de la administración de la cadena de abastecimiento ó Supply Chain Management (SCM), se destaca la gestión de proveedores como una de las actividades más críticas para su establecimiento efectivo. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo busca aproximarse al estado del arte en gestión de proveedores, utilizando como referencia revistas internacionales especializadas en el tema, ofreciendo así una base de referencia en futuras investigaciones relacionadas. En este sentido, se propone un co...

  15. Large-baseline InSAR for precise topographic mapping: a framework for TanDEM-X large-baseline data

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Pinheiro

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The global Digital Elevation Model (DEM resulting from the TanDEM-X mission provides information about the world topography with outstanding precision. In fact, performance analysis carried out with the already available data have shown that the global product is well within the requirements of 10 m absolute vertical accuracy and 2 m relative vertical accuracy for flat to moderate terrain. The mission's science phase took place from October 2014 to December 2015. During this phase, bistatic acquisitions with across-track separation between the two satellites up to 3.6 km at the equator were commanded. Since the relative vertical accuracy of InSAR derived elevation models is, in principle, inversely proportional to the system baseline, the TanDEM-X science phase opened the doors for the generation of elevation models with improved quality with respect to the standard product. However, the interferometric processing of the large-baseline data is troublesome due to the increased volume decorrelation and very high frequency of the phase variations. Hence, in order to fully profit from the increased baseline, sophisticated algorithms for the interferometric processing, and, in particular, for the phase unwrapping have to be considered. This paper proposes a novel dual-baseline region-growing framework for the phase unwrapping of the large-baseline interferograms. Results from two experiments with data from the TanDEM-X science phase are discussed, corroborating the expected increased level of detail of the large-baseline DEMs.

  16. Evaluating the Quality and Accuracy of TanDEM-X Digital Elevation Models at Archaeological Sites in the Cilician Plain, Turkey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefan Erasmi

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful instrument for mapping and monitoring traces of historical settlements and infrastructure, not only in distant areas and crisis regions. It helps archaeologists to embed their findings from field surveys into the broader context of the landscape. With the start of the TanDEM-X mission, spatially explicit 3D-information is available to researchers at an unprecedented resolution worldwide. We examined different experimental TanDEM-X digital elevation models (DEM that were processed from two different imaging modes (Stripmap/High Resolution Spotlight using the operational alternating bistatic acquisition mode. The quality and accuracy of the experimental DEM products was compared to other available DEM products and a high precision archaeological field survey. The results indicate the potential of TanDEM-X Stripmap (SM data for mapping surface elements at regional scale. For the alluvial plain of Cilicia, a suspected palaeochannel could be reconstructed. At the local scale, DEM products from TanDEM-X High Resolution Spotlight (HS mode were processed at 2 m spatial resolution using a merge of two monostatic/bistatic interferograms. The absolute and relative vertical accuracy of the outcome meet the specification of high resolution elevation data (HRE standards from the National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSG at the HRE20 level.

  17. El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

    OpenAIRE

    La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

    2016-01-01

    Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

  18. Reflexiones teórico-metodológicas para desarrollar el proceso de inducción como apoyo a la gestión del recurso humano universitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Víctor Hugo Orozco Delgado

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analizan en este artículo elementos básicos que deben ser considerados en el proceso de gestión del recurso humano universitario. Se ofrece especial atención al funcionario universitario que por primera vez inicia sus labores, sobre todo, por la ansiedad , nerviosismo y otras situaciones que enfrenta cuando ingresa por primera vez a una organización tan grande y compleja en sus relaciones como lo es la universidad.. Se presenta a los responsables de dirigir y administrar el recurso humano universitario, algunas estrategias que les permitan generar confianza y seguridad entre quienes laboran a su alrededor y con ello, contribuir sin duda al logro de las metas organizacionales

  19. Los estudios de herencia cultural como una alternativa a la arqueología científica o a la patrimonialización de los dioses: del paradigma de la ruptura al de la continuidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilhelm Londoño

    2013-10-01

    Full Text Available En las últimas dos décadas varios arqueólogos han reflexionado sobre la problemática relación de la arqueología con la construcción de comunidades imaginadas nacionales. En estas reflexiones el balance ha señalado que la arqueología ha sido funcional a un proyecto nacionalista que ubicó la alteridad en una dimensión temporal distanciada del presente. En este sentido la se legitimó como una disciplina encargada de dar cuenta del pasado (ruptura. A pesar del peso que tiene esta imagen dentro del imaginario, cada vez más comunidades locales están reclamando, no sólo un papel más activo en esta maquinaria de representación  del pasado, sino controles más efectivos sobre los espacios donde se practica la arqueología. Estas peticiones han sido, en muchos casos, legitimadas por el reconocimiento sobre las maneras como el colonialismo impelió a las comunidades locales a desprenderse de prácticas rituales celebradas sobre espacios y objetos específicos (continuidad. Dentro de este escenario ha emergido un nuevo paradigma que busca no saber lo que  ocurrió en el pasado, sino los medios a través de los cuales se desplegaron dispositivos del olvido (efecto de  colonialismo. En este artículo se desea hablar de este campo que puede ser definido  como “estudios de herencia cultural”.

  20. La Vorágine en Rusia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernando Martínez Rueda

    1959-03-01

    Full Text Available Las prensas del Estado Soviético han publicado en 1957, una traducción al ruso de la novela de José Eustacio Rivera. El traductor es B. H. Zaroski. Verter a una lengua tan diferente de la castellana una obra literaria tan local y tan llena de modismos y de términos indígenas como "La Vorágine" es una verdadera proeza.

  1. El prosumidor como fruto inteligente en el consumo de marcas a través de medios digitales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Escobar, Camilo Andrés

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Los temas que se valoran a continuación son una serie de acontecimientos que giran a favor del concepto ‘Prosumidor’ en el nuevo mundo, en la migración de lo análogo a lo digital, el tema ha ido avanzando a un contexto diferente y el ‘Prosumidor’ es su principal factor de investigación. Las marcas utilizan los medios digitales, los usan como medio de consumo e interacción de contenidos, el impacto es tan grande que las marcas posicionan lo que son a través de estos generadores de experiencias llamados prosumidores. Algunos de ellos convierten las marcas en una vivencia sin límites aparentes, los contenidos que plasman a través de la web 2.0 son el factor clave para que el posicionamiento sea acertado o en su defecto, deteriore la marca de la que se está hablando.

  2. Carolee Schneemann. El cine como autobiografía, la artista como actriz, el cuerpo como pincel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Barbaño González-Moreno

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación de cine y mujer a partir de la obra fílmica de Carolee Schneemann, principalmente de su obra autobiográfica Fuses (1964-1966. Desde ella, se plantea el papel de la artista como productora, directora y protagonista principal de todas sus obras. Reflexionamos así sobre el rol del creador-director como actor que derivaría en la consecución de una obra cinematográfica de tintes necesariamente autobiográficos. Asumiendo la visión vanguardista del cine como diario personal/Entendido el cine como diario personal, Schneemann va a explorar en su obra diferentes aspectos de la identidad y la sexualidad de la mujer en un cine artístico, alternativo y de tendencia política feminista. Entendido/Asumido su cine como elemento plástico, la artista explorará de forma paralela la experimentación matérica y física a través de los cuerpos filmados así como de la propia materialidad de la película, excluyendo toda posibilidad narrativa, dramática e ilusoria de proyección del espectador en el espacio cinematográfico y el espacio privado del creador.

  3. Comunicación intercultural: confrontando concepciones y problemas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Protzel

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Lo intercultural como idea y hecho, tan en boga desde las últimas décadas del siglo pasado gracias a la intensificación de las migraciones internas e internacionales en el mundo, comporta concepciones tan diversas como las culturas prevalecientes en las regiones de intercambio. Estas diferencias privilegian ciertos enfoques e intereses políticos en desmedro de otras, lo cual crea dificultades para que exista una corriente común. Y América Latina ocupa un lugar singular.

  4. Urban DEM generation, analysis and enhancements using TanDEM-X

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossi, Cristian; Gernhardt, Stefan

    2013-11-01

    This paper analyzes the potential of the TanDEM-X mission for the generation of urban Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The high resolution of the sensors and the absence of temporal decorrelation are exploited. The interferometric chain and the problems encountered for correct mapping of urban areas are analyzed first. The operational Integrated TanDEM-X Processor (ITP) algorithms are taken as reference. The ITP main product is called the raw DEM. Whereas the ITP coregistration stage is demonstrated to be robust enough, large improvements in the raw DEM such as fewer percentages of phase unwrapping errors, can be obtained by using adaptive fringe filters instead of the conventional ones in the interferogram generation stage. The shape of the raw DEM in the layover area is also shown and determined to be regular for buildings with vertical walls. Generally, in the presence of layover, the raw DEM exhibits a height ramp, resulting in a height underestimation for the affected structure. Examples provided confirm the theoretical background. The focus is centered on high resolution DEMs produced using spotlight acquisitions. In particular, a raw DEM over Berlin (Germany) with a 2.5 m raster is generated and validated. For this purpose, ITP is modified in its interferogram generation stage by adopting the Intensity Driven Adaptive Neighbourhood (IDAN) algorithm. The height Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the raw DEM and a reference is about 8 m for the two classes defining the urban DEM: structures and non-structures. The result can be further improved for the structure class using a DEM generated with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry. A DEM fusion is thus proposed and a drop of about 20% in the RMSE is reported.

  5. ¿Es coste-efectivo el desarrollo de programas de promoción de la salud en los lugares de trabajo?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Carpintero Pérez

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la evidencia de que el desarrollo de programas de PST es coste-efectivo y si existe evidencia científica en la literatura de que tiene beneficios sobre los indicadores de salud de los trabajadores. Metodología: Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica publicada en Medline, SCOPUS y Cochrane durante el periodo de 2006 a 2013. Se han estudiado un total de 13 estudios originales y 4 revisiones sistemáticas sobre programas de promoción de la salud en el ámbito laboral. Resultados: Se observaron resultados estadísticamente significativos en la mejoría de indicadores de salud (n=5; ROI (Return on investment positivo (n=2; Rendimiento en el trabajo (n=1; Gastos de salud (n=1; Productividad en el trabajo (n=1 y disminución del número de indemnizaciones por enfermedad (n=1. En la mayoría de los artículos se observaron resultados positivos respecto al coste-efectividad tras la aplicación de programas de PST, sin alcanzar significación estadística. Conclusión: Existe evidencia de mejoría en los indicadores de salud tras la aplicación de los programas de PST y se puede inferir que hay optimismo al valorar el impacto financiero de dichos programas, aunque son necesarios estudios futuros de mayor calidad científica.

  6. Análisis del esquema de generación distribuida como una opción para el sistema eléctrico colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Miguel Mantilla González

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un análisis de la pertinencia de la implementación de sistemas de generación distribuida en Colombia. Se exploran diferentes experiencias de adopción de este tipo de esquemas de generación en varios países, haciendo énfasis especial en los resultados económicos, ambientales, y de mejora en la confiabilidad del suministro eléctrico, reportados por diferentes autores. Se presenta también una caracterización del sector eléctrico colombiano, a través de una síntesis histórica de su evolución hasta su estado actual. Finalmente se comparan los casos mostrados con el estado actual del sector eléctrico nacional, definiendo ventajas y desventajas de la implantación de la generación distribuida en Colombia, así como condiciones necesarias para un posicionamiento efectivo y permanente de estas tecnologías en esquemas energéticos similares al colombiano. Se concluye acerca de la posibilidad de implementación de sistemas de generación distribuida bajo condiciones de estímulo estatal para el desarrollo de tecnologías de generación basadas en energías renovables y cogeneración.

  7. A Study on Literary Criticism from the Perspective of Ethics——Taking Amy Tan's Works for Example

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Yang Yali; Yang Fan

    2017-01-01

    Amy Tan is a rnaster of describing the ethical relationship between people,and her novels focus particularly on family ethics.After interpretation of the setting of the ethical knots,.the trend of the ethical lines,and the structure of ethics in her novels from the perspective of literary ethics,we find out that every novel has its own characteristics and angle,and they share some commonality too.The analysis of the formation and deconstruction of the ethical knots,the ethical lines and the ethical structure in her novels give us an insight into Amy Tan's ethical philosophy that she wants to convey to readers through her novels,that is,harrnonious relationship will ultimately be built as long as people communicate sincerely,regardless of barriers and contradictions.This is not only the ethical ideas the author wants to convey,but also the ethical orientation of her works.

  8. Introducting drama for ESL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Vladimir Carbajal

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available El recurso del arte como medio para enseñar un idioma nuevo ha sido muy efectivo para motivar al aprendiz a expresarse, y poner en práctica lo aprendido. El drama recurre a diversas técnicas que se describen en este artículo en el sentido de poder aprender en un contexto cuasi real.

  9. Evaluación económica del stent medicado vs. convencional para pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mateo Ceballos

    2014-11-01

    Conclusiones: El stent medicado con sirolimus no es costo-efectivo para pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST en Colombia. Se recomienda mayor investigación futura sobre la probabilidad de muerte y trombosis muy tardía del stent, así como en subgrupos específicos de pacientes y stents medicados de segunda generación.

  10. El sentido estadístico y su desarrollo

    OpenAIRE

    Batanero, Carmen; Díaz, Carmen; Contreras, José Miguel; Roa, Rafael

    2013-01-01

    En este trabajo concebimos el sentido estadístico como unión de la cultura y razonamiento estadístico. Se describen las ideas estadísticas fundamentales como componentes de la cultura estadística y los componentes del razonamiento estadístico. También se sugiere que el desarrollo efectivo en los estudiantes se favorece especialmente con una enseñanza basada en investigaciones y proyectos que permite dotar de sentido a los diversos objetos estadísticos e involucra a los estudiantes en el ci...

  11. REGULACIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA INFORMÁTICA AL SERVICIO DE LA RAMA JUDICIAL: NECESIDAD, REALIDAD O ILUSIÓN

    OpenAIRE

    Ana María Mesa Elneser

    2011-01-01

    El presente artículo da cuenta de la regulación en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano sobre el funcionamiento de la rama judicial por medios electrónicos como una forma de hacer efectivo el cumplimiento de principios procesales como la gratuidad, garantismo y agilidad en la búsqueda efectiva del funcionamiento del aparato judicial. La necesidad de avance tecnológico informático al servicio de la rama judicial no ha sido soportado desde una política de gobierno generadora de proyectos e inver...

  12. La aplicación del Derecho a una alimentación adecuada en México según las obligaciones en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos: caso de estudio Población Tarahumara

    OpenAIRE

    Dagdug Galán, Artemisa

    2016-01-01

    La presente investigación se desarrolla desde un enfoque del Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos que se complementa con estudios de otras disciplinas como la agroecología, la sociología y la etnología, y tiene como objetivo general coadyuvar a hacer efectivo el derecho a la alimentación adecuada (en adelante derecho a la alimentación) en México, a través del análisis del cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales. Para lograrlo se identifican las obligaciones del Estado Mex...

  13. El programa filosofía para niños en el desarrollo del pensamiento de alto nivel: el caso de la Unidad Educativa Porvenir

    OpenAIRE

    Alvarez Torres, Carmen Rosa

    2011-01-01

    El Desarrollo de Pensamiento dentro del aula de clases ha desatado una importante actividad investigativa que promueve la aplicación de múltiples programas que buscan ubicarse como el más adecuado para alcanzar este objetivo en forma efectiva y verificable a corto plazo. En este sentido, el programa propuesto por Matthew Lipman se presenta como la propuesta más efectiva si consideramos que la lectura aún es el medio de expresión más efectivo entre los niños, niñas y adolescentes. La lectura d...

  14. La contabilidad de la compañía de los ferrocarriles andaluces en un periodo crítico (1920-1930 y su análisis a través del Estado de Flujos Efectivo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Enrique Blasco Leante

    2014-07-01

    En este marco de una empresa en crisis, realizamos un análisis de sus estados financieros a través de una herramienta contable denominada Estado de Flujos Efectivos (EFE, que aplicamos por el método indirecto, el cual permite obtener una aproximación a los flujos de las actividades de explotación, inversión y financiación de la compañía. La elección del periodo estudiado está motivada por ser una etapa de abundantes inversiones, cuyo origen presenta algunas dudas sobre si la empresa se financió con recursos propios o si la aportación de capitales públicos fue mayoritaria.

  15. TaN interface properties and electric field cycling effects on ferroelectric Si-doped HfO2 thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lomenzo, Patrick D.; Nishida, Toshikazu; Takmeel, Qanit; Zhou, Chuanzhen; Fancher, Chris M.; Jones, Jacob L.; Lambers, Eric; Rudawski, Nicholas G.; Moghaddam, Saeed

    2015-01-01

    Ferroelectric HfO 2 -based thin films, which can exhibit ferroelectric properties down to sub-10 nm thicknesses, are a promising candidate for emerging high density memory technologies. As the ferroelectric thickness continues to shrink, the electrode-ferroelectric interface properties play an increasingly important role. We investigate the TaN interface properties on 10 nm thick Si-doped HfO 2 thin films fabricated in a TaN metal-ferroelectric-metal stack which exhibit highly asymmetric ferroelectric characteristics. To understand the asymmetric behavior of the ferroelectric characteristics of the Si-doped HfO 2 thin films, the chemical interface properties of sputtered TaN bottom and top electrodes are probed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ta-O bonds at the bottom electrode interface and a significant presence of Hf-N bonds at both electrode interfaces are identified. It is shown that the chemical heterogeneity of the bottom and top electrode interfaces gives rise to an internal electric field, which causes the as-grown ferroelectric domains to preferentially polarize to screen positively charged oxygen vacancies aggregated at the oxidized bottom electrode interface. Electric field cycling is shown to reduce the internal electric field with a concomitant increase in remanent polarization and decrease in relative permittivity. Through an analysis of pulsed transient switching currents, back-switching is observed in Si-doped HfO 2 thin films with pinched hysteresis loops and is shown to be influenced by the internal electric field

  16. La ciudad de Soria como centro manufacturero durante el período bajomedieval

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Máximo Diago Hernando

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El autor analiza las principales actividades manufactureras que alcanzaron cierto desarrollo en la ciudad castellana de Soria entre los siglos XIII y XVI. Demuestra que la actividad de fabricación de telas de lino apareció más tempranamente que la de fabricación de paños de lana, aunque ésta con posterioridad alcanzó mucha más importancia. También informa sobre algunas otras actividades manufactureras como el trabajo del cuero, la fabricación de zapatos, y la carpintería. Y concluye dando cuenta de las vías de participación de los artesanos en la vida política local.The author analyses the main manufacturing activities that attained a certain degree of development in the Castilian town of Soria between the thirteenth and the sixteenth centuries. He proves that the manufacture of linen cloths appeared earlier than the manufacture of woolen cloths, although this one attained a higher importance afterwards. He also informs about other manufacturing activities, like leather tanning, shoemaking and carpentry. He concludes paying attention to the participation of the artisans in the local political activity.

  17. Hide Tanning and Its Use in Taiga: The Case of the Orochen-Evenki Reindeer Herders and Hunters of Zabaikalye (East Siberia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donatas Brandišauskas

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available This article documents the way in which the Orochen-Evenki hunters and herders in northern part of Zabaikalye tan hides and produce gear in the post-Soviet era. Here, I wish to present the argument that it is difficult to understand the reviving of hide tanning in remote villages and the taiga without understanding how hunters and herders in this region adapt to the unstable post-Soviet environment. I suggest that hunters and herders aim to maintain their autonomy from goods and resources imported from cities, and, in spending little effort connecting with state powers in this way, securing their lives from socio-economic constraints.

  18. Hide Tanning and Its Use in Taiga: The Case of the Orochen-Evenki Reindeer Herders and Hunters of Zabaikalye (East Siberia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Donatas Brandišauskas

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available This article documents the way in which the Orochen-Evenki hunters and herders in northern part of Zabaikalye tan hides and produce gear in the post-Soviet era. Here, I wish to present the argument that it is difficult to understand the reviving of hide tanning in remote villages and the taiga without understanding how hunters and herders in this region adapt to the unstable post-Soviet environment. I suggest that hunters and herders aim to maintain their autonomy from goods and resources imported from cities, and, in spending little effort connecting with state powers in this way, securing their lives from socio-economic constraints.

  19. Estructura genética del caballo de pura raza árabe español y su influencia en razas derivadas: aplicación de nuevas metodologías en el cálculo del tamaño efectivo

    OpenAIRE

    Cervantes Navarro, Isabel

    2008-01-01

    Durante el desarrollo del estudio se ha analizado la estructura genética del caballo de Pura Raza Árabe y de sus razas derivadas y se ha puesto a punto una nueva metodología de estimación del tamaño efectivo, aplicándose en poblaciones simuladas y reales. Se observó una reducida variabilidad genética en el caballo de Pura Raza Árabe Español, ocasionada por el desequilibrio en la utilización de los reproductores y el cuello de botella acaecido durante la Guerra Civil. Este hecho está compensán...

  20. L'adénome métanéphrique bilatéral du rein

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    ra

    L'adénome métanéphrique du rein est une tumeur épithéliale bénigne rare. Son diagnostic est exclusivement histologique. Le diagnostic différentiel se fait essentiellement avec le néphroblastome et le carcinome papillaire à cellules rénales. L'étude cytogénétique apporte des éléments importants pour différencier entre ...

  1. Nunca tan rápido ni tan grande

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Corominas Botana

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available El texto se asoma a varias  claves comunicacionales y estratégicas del éxito de Podemos como propuesta retadora al establishment español: éxito en las elecciones europeas y en intención de voto demoscópico posterior.  Se reconoce la capacidad de leer el pulso social, de capturar los insights fundamentales de los ciudadanos españoles, y el acierto de  convertidos en armas electorales toda vez que en argamasa de una organización política que no ha hecho más que  aumentar su dimensión, mes a mes.  El argumento se construye mediante una breve aproximación a tres casos de éxito electoral  de opciones políticas contrarias al poder hegemónico en sus países: Syriza, Grecia 2015, M5S, Italia 2013 y Obama, EE.UU. 2008.  Se observan diferencias y similitudes, pero, sobre todo, se constata que lo más identificativo de Podemos es  la combinación entre la velocidad de crecimiento y la dimensión de su apoyo.

  2. Uso de péptidos neurales modificados como tratamiento de una lesión en la médula espinal: una vision general

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paola Suárez-Meade

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La lesión de la médula espinal ( lme es un fenómeno que daña al sistema nervioso central ( snc , y produce la pérdida de la actividad fisiológica por debajo del sitio de la lesión. Actualmente no existe algún tratamiento efectivo para la lme en el campo clínico. El papel del sistema inmune a través de la autorreactividad protectora ( ap —un fenómeno fisiológico desa - rrollado después de la lme — puede ser de gran importancia para inducir neuroprotección. La ap puede estimularse con el uso de péptidos neurales modificados ( pnm procedentes de componentes neurales como la proteína básica de la mielina. El presente artículo pretende dar una visión general de esta estrategia terapéutica innovadora que ofrece efectos bené - ficos y un futuro muy alentador. Se revisará el fundamento, los mecanismos y los hallazgos preclínicos más importantes utilizando el pnm a 91. Finalmente, se comentarán los obstáculos a vencer para su aplicación clínica.

  3. Atomic resolution investigations of phase transformation from TaN to CrTaN in a steel matrix

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Danielsen, Hilmar Kjartansson; Hald, John

    2012-01-01

    strength of the steel. The Cr content promotes Z-phase precipitation, making MN strengthening of these materials unfeasible, since 12%Cr is necessary for oxidation resistance. The authors have suggested an acceleration of Z-phase precipitation to obtain a fine and stable distribution of CrMN instead of MN...... atoms diffuse from the steel matrix into TaN precipitates and physically transform them into CrTaN. The crystal structure of the precipitates changes from that of a typical MN NaCl type crystal structure to a Z-phase crystal structure with alternating double layers of Cr and TaN. Since there is a large......In development of 12%Cr high temperature steels used for fossil fired power plants, the precipitation of large Z-phase particles, CrMN, has been identified as a major problem since they replace small and finely distributed MN particles. This causes a premature breakdown in the longterm creep...

  4. autoeficacia y de la motivación cognitiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Carlos Sánchez

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio descriptivo mediante encuesta es explorar las relaciones entre autoeficacia y motivación cognitiva con tipo de mensaje (pérdida vs. ganancia y conducta saludable a realizar (prevención vs. detección. Desde la teoría prospectiva se defiende que el tipo de mensaje influye en la conducta. En concreto, los mensajes presentados como pérdida son más efectivos cuando se promueven conductas para detectar la enfermedad y los mensajes presentados como ganancia son más efectivos cuando promueven conductas preventivas. No obstante, este estudio pone de manifiesto el papel mediador de la autoeficacia y de la motivación cognitiva de los sujetos. En concreto, se ha encontrado la autoeficacia como el principal mediador, que los sujetos que presentan alta autoeficacia realizan conductas de prevención independientemente de cómo se presente el mensaje y en mayor medida que los sujetos con baja autoeficacia, que los sujetos autoeficaces realizan conductas de detección cuando se les presenta un mensaje de pérdida, o un mensaje de ganancia y tienen alta motivación cognitiva. Estos resultados son consistentes con la teoría de la autoeficacia de Bandura. Se hacen sugerencias para realizar campañas que promuevan conductas saludables.

  5. LA ECO­ POIESIS COMO FUNDAMENTO DE UNA PERSPECTIVA AMBIENTAL PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arango Fernández Wilfer Ignacio

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available La realidad no es tan simple como se quisiera. Es compleja de modo que no puede ser siempre comprendida bajo simples reglas. Por ello, las exploraciones de la ciencia han catalizado una profunda re­conceptualización del universo. Una nueva manera integral de ver, pensar y conocer el mundo ha sido introducida. La nueva perspectiva busca entender sistemas que cambian de manera s no propia s para una visión línea l. La s organizaciones, particular m ente las empresariales, están sujetas a los mismos principios de la nueva ciencia, y uno de los principales impactos en la aplicación de los conceptos de la complejidad yace en la forma como estas son percibidas. En el siglo 21, las empresas no serán por más tiempo administradas eficientemente por objetivos o perspectivas lineales y rígidas. Los estados de caos conducen a la creatividad, a la innovación y a la autoorganización ; desorden, disipación y cambio son la regla, no más la excepción. Este artículo propone el entendimiento de las organizaciones en términos de una percepción holística, confrontando las visiones tradicionales y explorando la relevancia del nuevo paradigma en el campo de relación entre organizaciones y medio ambiente. Se proporciona un panorama del significado del cambio de percepción, seguido por la manera en la cual las teorías (complejidad, eco­poiesis, estructuras disipativas, organizaciones vivas pueden ser aplicadas en el campo administrativo.

  6. La necesidad de cuestionar prácticas autoritarias consideradas como diferencias culturales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. C. F. Mansilla

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El texto es una crítica a las teorías contemporáneas que proclaman la incomparabilidad de los "proyectos civilizatorios" en el Tercer Mundo, puesto que existiría una diversidad tan amplia y tan profunda de culturas, que sería imposible encontrar un "metacriterio" histórico, desde el cual recién se podrían juzgar los aspectos positivos y negativos de las mismas. En realidad esto significa pasar por alto los aspectos autoritarios de muchos regímenes socio-culturales. Se analizan ejemplos del espacio islámico y de la región andina de Sudamérica.

  7. Mengen Peynirinden Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin İzolasyonu, Moleküler Tanımlanması ve Bazı Starter Kültür Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aylin AKOĞLU

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Çalışmada 50 adet Mengen peyniri örneğinden toplam 117 adet laktik asit bakterisi izole edilmiş ve laktik asit bakteri florası % 44.5 Enterococcus spp., % 29.9 Lactobacillus spp., % 25.6 Lactococcus spp. olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen izolatların asidifikasyon kapasiteleri ile proteolitik aktiviteleri tespit edilmiş, en iyi asidifikasyona ve proteolitik aktiviteye sahip 22 adet suş 16S rDNA dizi analizi ile tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlaması yapılan suşların 15’i (% 63 Enterococcus spp., 5’i (% 21, Lactococcus spp., 1’i (% 4 Lactobacillus spp. ve 1’i (% 4 Weissella spp. olarak belirlenmiştir. 15 adet Enterococcus spp. izolatından; 9’u (% 60 Enterococcus faecium, 4’ü (% 26.7 Enterococcus faecalis ve 2’si (% 13.3 Enterococcus durans olarak; 5 adet Lactococcus spp. izolatından, 3’ü (% 60 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 2’si (% 40 Lactococcus garvieae olarak tanımlanmıştır. Lactobacillus spp. ve Weissella spp. olarak tanımlanan suşların ise sırasıyla Lactobacillus casei ve Weissella viridescens olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tanımlanan suşlar içerisinden aynı anda hem düşük proteolitik aktivite hem de yüksek asidifikasyon aktivitesi özelliği gösteren bir adet Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis suşu, Enterokoklar arasından bir adet Enterococcus faecalis, bir adet Enterococcus faecium ve iki adet Enterococcus durans suşu en iyi starter kültür özelliklerine sahip suşlar olarak belirlenmiştir.

  8. Stoichiometry behavior of TaN, TaCN and TaC thin films produced by magnetron sputtering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vargas, M.; Castillo, H.A.; Restrepo-Parra, E.; De La Cruz, W.

    2013-01-01

    Thin films were synthesized in a magnetron sputtering system using a target of Ta with 99.99% purity and silicon substrates (1 1 1). The gases used for the film growth were (Ar + N 2 ), (Ar + CH 4 + N 2 ) and (Ar + CH 4 ) mixtures for TaN, TaCN and TaC, respectively. The substrate temperature increased from room temperature to 500 °C. The chemical composition and bonding configuration were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing Ta-N, Ta-C-N, Ta-C and C-C bonds. Moreover, the crystallographic structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicating the presence of (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) planes belonging to a face-centered cubic structure. The stoichiometry variation dependence on the CH 4 and N 2 flow was analyzed, and the influence of the substrate temperature on the coatings was investigated. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the evolution on the grain formation in the coatings as the substrate temperature increased.

  9. Stoichiometry behavior of TaN, TaCN and TaC thin films produced by magnetron sputtering

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Vargas, M. [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 2681, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C. (Mexico); Castillo, H.A. [Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior, CETYS Universidad, Campus Tijuana, Tijuana, B.C. (Mexico); Restrepo-Parra, E., E-mail: erestrepopa@unal.edu.co [Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Colombia, Facultad de Minas, Manizales (Colombia); De La Cruz, W. [Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 2681, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, B.C. (Mexico)

    2013-08-15

    Thin films were synthesized in a magnetron sputtering system using a target of Ta with 99.99% purity and silicon substrates (1 1 1). The gases used for the film growth were (Ar + N{sub 2}), (Ar + CH{sub 4} + N{sub 2}) and (Ar + CH{sub 4}) mixtures for TaN, TaCN and TaC, respectively. The substrate temperature increased from room temperature to 500 °C. The chemical composition and bonding configuration were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), revealing Ta-N, Ta-C-N, Ta-C and C-C bonds. Moreover, the crystallographic structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), indicating the presence of (1 1 1) and (2 0 0) planes belonging to a face-centered cubic structure. The stoichiometry variation dependence on the CH{sub 4} and N{sub 2} flow was analyzed, and the influence of the substrate temperature on the coatings was investigated. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the evolution on the grain formation in the coatings as the substrate temperature increased.

  10. La luminosa sed: Esbozo de un itinerario de la manifestación del ser como deseo de ser al Dios deseante que viene a nuestro encuentro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Toutin

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un primer atisbo de un itinerario de pensamiento que busca articular, por un lado, una comprensión de la poesía en Octavio Paz como manifestación del ser humano como apertura al otro, como deseo de ser y, por otro, la comprensión en Hans Urs von Balthasar del acontecimiento de la automanifestación de Dios, como expresión de su deseo de encuentro con el ser humano y que para ello adopta arriesgada y creativamente su lenguaje en la diversidad de sus expresiones. Con ello tan sólo queremos poner algunas bases para una poética teológica, ya iniciada tanto por Dios como por el hablar del ser humano, y que llama de ella misma a ser continuada y profundizada.In this article, the author presents a first glimpse of an itinerary of thought that seeks to articulate, on the one hand, an understanding of poetry by Octavio Paz as a manifestation of the human being as openness to the other and as desire for being and, on the other hand, Hans Urs von Balthasar's understanding of the event of God's self-manifestation as the expression of His desire to meet the human being and, to that end, adopting, with risk and creativity, the human being's language in all the diversity of its expressions. With that, the author only wants to lay some foundations for a theological poetics, already initiated as much by God as by the speech of the human being, and which calls from its own self to be continuous and deepened.

  11. Arquitectura para la enseñanza. La escuela en Cantabria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Cea Benito

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available (ES La intención de estas breves líneas es llamar la atención sobre la riqueza que para el patrimonio arquitectónico de Cantabria ha tenido un elemento tan modesto y tan universal como el espacio en el que hemos aprendido a aprender.

  12. LAS TIC COMO ECOSISTEMA PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA COMPETENCIA INTERCULTURAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa M. Rodríguez-Izquierdo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados más relevantes de una investigación en la que se analizan las opiniones del profesorado sobre el potencial de las TIC en la construcción de la competencia intercultural. Se basa en un estudio de carácter mixto, usando para la recogida de datos un cuestionario y grupos de discusión. En la investigación han participado 281 docentes de primaria y de secundaria de la provincia de Sevilla. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto un acuerdo bastante generalizado del profesorado sobre el potencial pedagógico de las TIC en la construcción de la competencia intercultural. Sin embargo, un número importante de docentes no consideran la competencia intercultural tan importante como la competencia informacional. En términos generales, las conclusiones vienen a corroborar que existe una brecha formativa en relación a la interculturalidad. El profesorado cree que ésta sólo es necesaria cuando tienen alumnos de otras culturas en el aula. Finalmente, se proponen ideas y medidas para la mejora de la aplicación práctica de las TIC para el desarrollo de la competencia interculturalidad en formación del profesorado.

  13. UV-generated free radicals (FR) in skin: Their prevention by sunscreens and their induction by self-tanning agents

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jung, K.; Seifert, M.; Herrling, Th.; Fuchs, J.

    2008-05-01

    In the past few years, the cellular effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induced in skin have become increasingly recognized. Indeed, it is now well known that UV irradiation induces structural and cellular changes in all the compartments of skin tissue. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the first and immediate consequence of UV exposure and therefore the quantitative determination of free radical reactions in the skin during UV radiation is of primary importance for the understanding of dermatological photodamage. The RSF method (radical sun protection factor) herein presented, based on electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), enables the measurement of free radical reactions in skin biopsies directly during UV radiation. The amount of free radicals varies with UV doses and can be standardized by varying UV irradiance or exposure time. The RSF method allows the determination of the protective effect of UV filters and sunscreens as well as the radical induction capacity of self-tanning agents as dihydroxyacetone (DHA). The reaction of the reducing sugars used in self-tanning products and amino acids in the skin layer (Maillard reaction) leads to the formation of Amadori products that generate free radicals during UV irradiation. Using the RSF method three different self-tanning agents were analyzed and it was found, that in DHA-treated skin more than 180% additional radicals were generated during sun exposure with respect to untreated skin. For this reason the exposure duration in the sun must be shortened when self-tanners are used and photoaging processes are accelerated.

  14. Manifestaciones homoeróticas masculinas a través de la Mitología griega

    OpenAIRE

    González Saceda, Ignacio

    2012-01-01

    Tema capital de la historia social de la Antigua Grecia, la tan traída y llevada homosexualidad griega se ha utilizado tanto para denunciar una supuesta depravación moral de los antiguos griegos, tan admirados en otros campos, como para ubicar en la sociedad griega el paradigma de la tolerancia social hacia la homosexualidad. Sin embargo, ni la homosexualidad es griega ni en Grecia existía la homosexualidad tal y como hoy se concibe este fenómeno; pues nuestros modernos términos homosexualida...

  15. Callogénesis y establecimiento del cultivo de células en suspensión de Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. D.C. (uña de gato

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Sánchez-Calvo

    2015-03-01

    En el cultivo de células en suspensión se utilizó el medio de cultivo más efectivo en el proceso de callogénesis, anteriormente citado. Además, se evidenció la predominancia de dos morfotipos de células, tanto en callo como en suspensiones celulares, con características propias, según la etapa de cultivo.

  16. Relevancia valorativa del resultado global y sus componentes frente al resultado neto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Núria Arimany Serrat

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objeto verificar si el resultado global presenta mayor relevancia valorativa respecto al resultado tradicional, y si es así cuáles son los componentes del resultado global que explican las diferencias. El estudio muestra que el resultado global es una variable relevante tanto para explicar el valor intrínseco de la empresa como para explicar su rentabilidad. Sin embargo, sólo al explicar la rentabilidad el resultado global y su incremento aumentan la relevancia valorativa del resultado neto y su incremento. De los componentes analizados del resultado global, tan sólo los resultados por diferencias de conversión de la moneda extranjera a la moneda de presentación añaden poder explicativo adicional al del resultado neto, aunque sólo en los modelos de rentabilidad. Ni los resultados por valoración de instrumentos financieros a valor razonable con cambios en patrimonio ni los resultados por coberturas de flujos de efectivo aportan un mayor poder explicativo al del resultado neto.This study analyses if comprehensive income is more value relevant than the net income and, if that is the case, what are the elements of the comprehensive income explaining the difference. Our study shows that comprehensive income is a relevant variable both to explain the value of the company and also to explain its return. However, comprehensive income and its variation show to be more relevant than the net income and its variation only when explaining return. As for the components of the comprehensive income, foreign currency adjustments increase usefulness in the return models but cash flow hedges and adjustments due to fair value valuation do not add value relevance to the net income.

  17. Development of an artisanal tanning method of the acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa skin and its transfer through a workshop to a community in the city of Bragança, PA, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno José Corecha Fernandes Eiras

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Bragança is one of the largest fishing centers in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. In the city, there are several environmental and socio-economic problems such as lack of waste management and contamination of water sources that supply to the city and the Caeté river estuary. The social and economic problems are mainly caused by social inequality, which usually occurs in communities where the population depends mainly on fishing. Fish waste forms a part of the waste disposed in the region. Fish skin represents a significant portion of this waste and may be used for manufacturing leather by the tanning process, thereby generating income for the community and reducing environmental impacts. The acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa has a high potential for tanning because of its large size and high yield of skin. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for artisanal skin tanning of acoupa weakfish and the subsequent transfer of this methodology to a fishing community through a workshop. The methodology developed in the laboratory is more streamlined than traditional methods and is based on tanning methods cited in the literature and techniques applied in regional tanneries. To assess the quality of acoupa weakfish leather, resistance tests were performed, which proved its potential for manufacturing clothing and footwear. An economic analysis of the hypothetical production of leather based on the tanning methodology developed in this work revealed that the project is feasible and the effluents generated during the process are less harmful to the environment, compared to those generated by traditional tanning methods.

  18. Generation of large-scale forest height and disturbance maps through the fusion of NISAR and GEDI along with TanDEM-X/L

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lei, Y.; Treuhaft, R. N.; Siqueira, P.; Torbick, N.; Lucas, R.; Keller, M. M.; Schmidt, M.; Ducey, M. J.; Salas, W.

    2017-12-01

    Large-scale products of forest height and disturbance are essential for understanding the global carbon distribution as well as its changes in response to natural events and human activities. Regarding this scientific need, both NASA's GEDI and NASA-ISRO's NISAR are going to be launched in the 2018-2021 timeframe in parallel with DLR's current TanDEM-X and/or the proposed TanDEM-L, which provides a lot of potential for global ecosystem mapping. A new simple and efficient method of forest height mapping has been developed for combining spaceborne repeat-pass InSAR and lidar missions (e.g. NISAR and GEDI) which estimates temporal decorrelation parameters of repeat-pass InSAR and uses the lidar data as training samples. An open-access Python-based software has been developed for automated processing. As a result, a mosaic of forest height was generated for US states of Maine and New Hampshire (11.6 million ha) using JAXA's ALOS-1 and ALOS-2 HV-pol InSAR data and a small piece of lidar training samples (44,000 ha) with the height estimates validated against airborne lidar and field inventory data over both flat and mountainous areas. In addition, through estimating and correcting for the temporal decorrelation effects in the spaceborne repeat-pass InSAR coherence data and also utilizing the spaceborne single-pass InSAR phase data, forest disturbance such as selective logging is not only detected but also quantified in subtropical forests of Australia using ALOS-1 HH-pol InSAR data (validated against NASA's Landsat), as well as in tropics of Brazil using TanDEM-X and ALOS-2 HH-pol InSAR data (validated against field inventory data). The operational simplicity and efficiency make these methods a potential observing/processing prototype for the fusion of NISAR, GEDI and TanDEM-X/L.

  19. Ação de diferentes agentes curtentes utilizados no curtimento de peles de coelhos: testes físico-mecânicos dos couros - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v31i4.5592 Action of different tanning agents used on rabbit hide tanning: physical-mechanic tests - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v31i4.5592

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilson do Prado Franco

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a ação de diferentes agentes curtentes no processamento das peles de coelhos, sobre a resistência do couro. Cinquenta peles de coelhos foram submetidas a diferentes agentes curtentes na etapa de curtimento (T1 = 6% sais de cromo Chromossal B®, T2 = 22% tanino vegetal Clarotan-x8®; T3 = 22% tanino sintético Syntac CW®; T4 = 12% tanino vegetal Weibull® + 10% tanino sintético Syntac F®; T5 = 22% tanino vegetal Weibull®. Foram retirados os corpos de prova do couro, na região dorsal, no sentido longitudinal e transversal em relação ao eixo céfalo-caudal. Os agentes curtentes e retirada dos corpos de prova não influenciaram no teste de tração (9,28 a 11,63 N mm-2 e força aplicada (17,91 N a 24,85 N nos testes. Os curtimentos com sais de cromo (62,85% e Clarotan–x8® (70,28% proporcionaram maiores valores de alongamento em relação aos demais agentes curtentes utilizados. Os corpos de prova do couro no sentido transversal (59,12% apresentaram maior alongamento comparado ao longitudinal (49,72%. Os curtimentos com sais de cromo (22,70 N mm-1, Clarotan–x8® (25,94 N mm-1 e Weibull® (21,58 N mm-1 proporcionaram couros com maior resistência ao rasgamento. O sentido de retirada dos corpos de prova no couro não influenciou no rasgamento progressivo. As técnicas de curtimento com sais de cromo e Clarotan-x8® proporcionaram couros com melhores valores de resistência ao alongamento e rasgamento progressivo.The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the action of different tanning agents in the processing of rabbit hides over skin resistance. Fifty skins of rabbit hides were submitted to different tanning agents in the tanning stage (T1 = 6% Chromossal B® chrome salts; T2 = 22% Clarotan–x8® vegetable tannin; T3 = 22% Syntac CW® synthetic tannin; T4 = 12% Weibull® vegetable tannin + 10% Syntac F® synthetic tannin; T5 = 22% Weibull® vegetable tannin. The specimens were removed from

  20. Diseño del modelo de evaluación de desempeño para el personal de la Clínica España S.A.

    OpenAIRE

    Pugo Rivera, Ana Lucía; Trelles Tixi, Maritza Juliana

    2009-01-01

    Mediante el presente estudio, se pretende llegar a conocer los aspectos más relevantes del subsistema de la Administración de Recursos Humanos organizacionales, desde el punto de vista de diversos autores que conceptualizan a la Evaluación del Desempeño como un medio eficaz para el manejo efectivo de los Recursos Humanos en toda institución que desea alcanzar un nivel competitivo dentro de la misma, y frente a sus competidores, como es el caso de la Clínica España S.A, que ha basado su formac...

  1. Estimación de la demanda transaccional de dinero en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nidia Ruth Reyes,

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la estimación de la demanda por base monetaria en Colombia, introduciendo la relación entre depósitos sujetos a encaje y efectivo como proxy de la variable cambio tecnológico en el sistema financiero. Se muestra que uno de los vectores de cointegración puede interpretarse como una demanda por dinero en el sentido de la teoría cuantitativa. También se presentan los resultados de introducir la variable en la estimación de la velocidad de circulación.

  2. Super-No-Scale F-SU(5): A dynamic determination of M{sub 1/2} and tan{beta}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Li Tianjun, E-mail: junlt@physics.tamu.edu [George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Key Laboratory of Frontiers in Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Maxin, James A., E-mail: jmaxin@physics.tamu.edu [George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Nanopoulos, Dimitri V., E-mail: dimitri@physics.tamu.edu [George P. and Cynthia W. Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Astroparticle Physics Group, Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), Mitchell Campus, Woodlands, TX 77381 (United States); Academy of Athens, Division of Natural Sciences, 28 Panepistimiou Avenue, Athens 10679 (Greece); Walker, Joel W., E-mail: jwalker@shsu.edu [Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341 (United States)

    2011-09-20

    We study the Higgs potential in No-Scale F-SU(5), a model built on the tripodal foundations of the F-lipped SU(5)xU(1){sub X} Grand Unified Theory, extra F-theory derived TeV scale vector-like particle multiplets, and the high scale boundary conditions of no-scale supergravity. V{sub min}, the minimum of the potential following radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, is a function at fixed Z-boson mass of the universal gaugino boundary mass M{sub 1/2} and tan{beta}, the ratio of Higgs vacuum expectation values. The so-scale nullification of the bilinear Higgs soft term B{sub {mu}} at the boundary reduces V{sub min}(M{sub 1/2}) to a one-dimensional dependency, which may be secondarily minimized. This 'Super-No-Scale' condition dynamically fixes tan{beta} and M{sub 1/2} at the local minimum minimorum of V{sub min}. Fantastically, the walls of this theoretically established secondary potential coalesce in descent to a striking concurrency with the previously phenomenologically favored 'Golden Point' and 'Golden Strip'.

  3. Changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cholecalciferol after one whole-body exposure in a commercial tanning bed

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Langdahl, Jacob H; Schierbeck, Louise Lind; Bang, Ulrich Christian

    2012-01-01

    We wanted to evaluate the cutaneous synthesis of 25OHD and cholecalciferol after one whole-body exposure to ultraviolet radiation type B (UVB) in a randomized setup. Healthy volunteers were randomized to one whole-body exposure in a commercial tanning bed with UVB emission (UVB/UVA ratio 1...

  4. Discourse and policy making on consumer protection in the areas of mobile telecommunication and tanning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schweikardt, Christoph; Rosentreter, Michael; Gross, Dominik

    2012-01-01

    Perceived health risks from electromagnetic fields in mobile telecommunication and from UV radiation in tanning have become regulation issues in Germany during the last decade. Health risk messages from government expert bodies and the main stakeholders in these areas as well as subsequent consumer protection policy making are investigated. Publications and websites of government expert bodies and the main stakeholders as well as debates in Federal Parliament were analysed to compare argumentation patterns and parliamentary decision-making processes. In both areas, the public received competing health risk messages from the industries and their critics. As a government expert body, the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) held the view that alleged health risks from electromagnetic telecommunication were not proven, and propagated the precautionary principle. This opinion did not endanger the agreement of 2001 between the government and mobile telecommunication operators. After the failure to obtain voluntary commitment from the tanning industry, by contrast, the BfS recommended stricter consumer protection legislation, which was subsequently implemented. The BfS was in a key position to demand the prerogative of interpretation concerning mutually excluding health risk messages and to provide the argumentation which led the way to non-ionic radiation health protection measures.

  5. The effect of mimosa and syntan mixture on the quality of tanned red snapper leather

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pratama, M.; Sahubawa, L.; Pertiwiningrum, A.; Rahmadian, Y.; Puspita, I. D.

    2018-03-01

    This study aimed to determine the effect of syntan and mimosa combination on the quality of tanned red snapper leather. The study was designed using complete randomized design (CRD) and the advanced test of Least Significant Difference (LSD) with three replications and three treatments of combined syntan and mimosa, namely: p1 (4 % syntan, 5 % mimosa), p2 (8 % syntan, 5 %mimosa), p3 (12 % syntan, 5 % mimosa). Data were analyzed using SPSS 18. The measured parameters were tensile strength (N·cm-2), elongation (%), tear strength (N·cm-1), enervation (mm), wrinkle temperature (°C), fat/oil content (%) and water content (%). The results indicate that the combined syntan and mimosa tanners gave no significant effect on the physical parameters (tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, enervation and wrinkle temperature) and chemical parameters (moisture and fat/oil). All treatments (p1, p2 and p3) met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-4586-1998 for chrome tanned freshwater snake leather for the parameters of tensile strength, tear strength, enervation, wrinkle temperature and moisture. The parameter of elongation and fat/oil content did not meet with the SNI 06-4586-1998. Among the three combinations of a tanner, syntan 4 % and mimosa 5 % treatment gave the best leather quality.

  6. A systematic review of visual image theory, assessment, and use in skin cancer and tanning research.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McWhirter, Jennifer E; Hoffman-Goetz, Laurie

    2014-01-01

    Visual images increase attention, comprehension, and recall of health information and influence health behaviors. Health communication campaigns on skin cancer and tanning often use visual images, but little is known about how such images are selected or evaluated. A systematic review of peer-reviewed, published literature on skin cancer and tanning was conducted to determine (a) what visual communication theories were used, (b) how visual images were evaluated, and (c) how visual images were used in the research studies. Seven databases were searched (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Social Sciences Full Text, ERIC, and ABI/INFORM) resulting in 5,330 citations. Of those, 47 met the inclusion criteria. Only one study specifically identified a visual communication theory guiding the research. No standard instruments for assessing visual images were reported. Most studies lacked, to varying degrees, comprehensive image description, image pretesting, full reporting of image source details, adequate explanation of image selection or development, and example images. The results highlight the need for greater theoretical and methodological attention to visual images in health communication research in the future. To this end, the authors propose a working definition of visual health communication.

  7. Babel de papel: Las bibliotecas del Instituto Cervantes como puntos de encuentro multiculturales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Colmenero Niño, Begoña

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available El Instituto Cervantes es la institución pública creada por España en 1991 para la promoción y la enseñanza de la lengua española y para la difusión de la cultura española e hispanoamericana. Su red de bibliotecas (RBIC proporciona los instrumentos indispensables para el aprendizaje del español, contribuye a elevar el nivel de calidad del modelo de enseñanza de nuestro idioma en el proceso de aprendizaje, investigación y formación continuada y enriquece y proporciona acceso a la información a personas en todo el mundo, situadas en entornos que son muy diferentes social y culturalmente, pero que tienen en común estar interesadas en las lenguas y culturas de la comunidad hispanohablante. Las bibliotecas del Instituto Cervantes tienen también como objetivo romper estereotipos y acabar con los prejuicios culturales. Pretenden ser lugares donde se muestre el lado menos conocido de nuestra cultura y nuestra civilización; pero también donde se busquen puntos comunes y se establezcan contactos personales que ayuden al acercamiento mutuo a través de iniciativas que abarquen aspectos tan diversos como la música, el cine, la gastronomía, la literatura, las tradiciones, el arte... En esta ponencia se explican algunas de las experiencias más importantes llevadas a cabo en ese sentido en los centros situados en los países del Mediterráneo en las que se reflejan cómo las bibliotecas del Instituto Cervantes se convierten día a día en puentes culturales por el que sus usuarios transitan en un viaje continuo de ida y vuelta.

  8. Desayuno con partículas la ciencia como nunca antes se ha contado

    CERN Document Server

    Fernández-Vidal, Sonia

    2013-01-01

    Tienes en las manos un ensayo sobre física cuántica, así es. Un momento, por favor, ¡espera! No dejes que eso te asuste y sueltes el libro de golpe. ¿Aceptarías una invitación a desayunar? Si aceptas esta proposición y te aventuras a navegar entre estas páginas, descubrirás un universo tan maravilloso como desconcertante. La teoría cuántica es una de las más bellas y asombrosas de la ciencia. Las reglas que sigue son alocadas en comparación con nuestro día a día. Son anti-intuitivas. Al adentrarnos en el mundo cuántico se ponen en jaque nuestras creencias sobre la realidad, también de nuestra realidad cotidiana. Sonia Fernández-Vidal, escritora y doctora en Física Cuántica, y Francesc Miralles, escritor y periodista, nos invitan a un divertido desayuno al que están invitadostambién asistirán Newton, Einstein, Heisenberg y otros famosos físicos de la historia. Entre magdalenas, donuts, café con leche y zumos de naranja, emprenderemos un fascinante y revelador viaje a los orígenes del...

  9. Tarabilla canaria: ¿por qué tan vulnerable?

    OpenAIRE

    Illera, Juan Carlos; Díaz, Mariano; Nogales, Manuel

    2006-01-01

    Hoy en día la tarabilla canaria sólo vive en Fuerteventura. Que no esté asentada en otras islas de Canarias similares y cercanas, como Lanzarote y Lobos, parece indicar un déficit de habitats semiáridos de calidad. La fidelidad a sus territorios actuales hace a esta pequeña ave amenazada muy vulnerable a impactos como el desarrollo turístico, el exceso de pastoreo o la depredación por gatos asilvestrados.

  10. La convivencia no es tan obvia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia García-Dalmás

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available La promoción de una mejor convivencia a través de la generación o mejora de espacios públicos, básicamente plazas y parques, sigue siendo una de las principales propuestas con las que las políticas públicas, por lo menos en Uruguay, buscan dar respuesta a lo que identifican como “problemas sociales acuciantes”: la violencia, la inseguridad. El presente artículo toma como base una propuesta, la Estrategia por la Vida y la Convivencia, impulsada por el gobierno nacional que, entre otros aspectos, plantea que “el pacto de convivencia es un pacto de obviedad”. Desde la comunicación propone aproximaciones y preguntas que buscan desnaturalizar lo obvio, profundizar en cómo se construyen vínculos y sentidos en relación a los territorios y la cotidianidad de quienes los habitan.

  11. El corporativismo como expresión política del socialcristianismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SOFÍA CORREA

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se argumenta que la preocupación por la cuestión social a comienzos del siglo XX, no fue privativa de los católicos, sino que atravesó a toda la clase política, y que, por lo tanto, lo específico del socialcristianismo como propuesta política, no es la sensibilidad social sino la opción por el corporativismo. Se sostiene que el corporativismo socialcristiano, se puede remontar tan atrás como el ultramontanismo conservador; que se fortalece con las encíclicas papales Rerum Novarumy Quadragessimo Anno, que su presencia se puede seguir en intelectuales y políticos católicos desde los años 30 hasta incluso los años 60; y que se puede apreciar su impronta en las "Bases de la Institucionalidad" capítulo inicial que enmarca a la Constitución de 1980. Por último, se propone que este recorrido histórico puede ser útil para reflexionar sobre la relación Iglesia y política.In this article the author argües that concern about the social question at the beginning of the 20th century was not exclusively a concern for Catholics, but spread throughout the entire political class. Therefore, the author further asserts that the specific thing about Social Christianity as a political proposal isn't its social sensitivity but, rather, its option for corporativism. Social Christian corporativism, it is proposed, can trace its origins as far back as conservative ultramontanism, which was backed by the papal encyclicals Rerum Novarum and Quadragessimo Anno. Its presence continued to be perceived in Catholic intellectuals and politicians from the 1930s through to the 1960s. Its impact can be appreciated in the first chapter that trames the 1980 (Chilean Constitution, Bases de la Institucional/dad ("Foundations of Institutionality". Finally, the author proposes that this historical review could be useful for reflections on the relationship between Church and politics.

  12. "Acreditamiento del impuesto por dividendos aplicables para evitar la doble tributación"

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Sosa, Cleopatra

    2011-01-01

    Este trabajo de investigación es el producto del estudio de las implicaciones dentro del Derecho Fiscal internacional de una materia que se base, sobre todas las cosas, en la necesidad que tenemos nosotros los países de América Latina, de buscar una verdadera y sólida integración económica y haciendose énfasis en un aspecto tan importante como lo es el Comercio Internacional,y aún más tratándose de un tema tan importante como la búsqueda de la eliminación de la DOBLE TRIBUTACIÓN INTERNACIONAL...

  13. Estudio de las Startups

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Reina, Cristina

    2016-01-01

    Este trabajo trata de analizar las pautas a la hora de poner en marcha una startup. Se explica el método que hay que seguir (Lean Startup), se expone una breve biografía de su autor, se muestran las distintas fases por las que atraviesa, las formas de financiación, así como una serie de puntos que servirán de ayuda para adentrarse en este mundo tan novedoso y hasta entonces tan poco conocido, como es el de la startups. Dentro del ámbito de las startups, se explicará el tema ...

  14. Alfabetización y enseñanza de E/LE. La salud: experiencia práctica de una propuesta didáctica para mujeres inmigradas no alfabetizadas

    OpenAIRE

    Gibert Escofet, M. Isabel

    2007-01-01

    Al encontrarme con un grupo de estudiantes de español como segunda lengua (E/L2) no alfabetizadas, sin estrategias de aprendizaje académicas por no haber ido nunca a la escuela, me planteé cuestiones tan básicas como: ¿Debemos impartir un curso oral o intentar integrar las cuatro  destrezas en nuestras clases? ¿Cómo debemos enseñar, acostumbrados a hacerlo siempre con el soporte escrito? ¿Cuáles son sus centros de interés y sus motivaciones? ¿Qué manual utilizamos, si hay tan poco...

  15. Alfabetización y enseñanza de E/LE. La salud: experiencia práctica de una propuesta didáctica para mujeres inmigradas no alfabetizadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Isabel Gibert Escofet

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Al encontrarme con un grupo de estudiantes de español como segunda lengua (E/L2 no alfabetizadas, sin estrategias de aprendizaje académicas por no haber ido nunca a la escuela, me planteé cuestiones tan básicas como:¿Debemos impartir un curso oral o intentar integrar las cuatro destrezas en nuestras clases?¿Cómo debemos enseñar, acostumbrados a hacerlo siempre con el soporte escrito?¿Cuáles son sus centros de interés y sus motivaciones?¿Qué manual utilizamos, si hay tan pocos en el mercado?

  16. Otizmli Çocuğa Sahip Olan Ebeveynlerin Görüşleri: Otizm Tanımlamaları ve Otizmin Nedenleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gökhan Töret

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmada, otizmli çocuğa sahip olan ebeveynlerin, otizmin nedenlerine ilişkin algıları, otizm tanımlamaları ve çocuklarının otizmin yaygın tanımı ile uyumlu olduğunu veya olmadığını düşündükleri özelliklerine ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, otizmli çocuğa sahip olan birincil bakım veren durumundaki 50 ebeveyn ile yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ebeveyn görüşlerinin yazıya dökülmesi ile ebeveyn görüşlerini yansıtan ön temaların oluşturulması sonrası temalar üzerinden yapılan betimsel analiz sonucunda, otizm ile ilişkili olarak ebeveynlerin çoğunluğunun çocuklarının sahip olduğu otizmin nedeni konusunda bilinmezlik yaşadıkları, otizmi, sosyal-iletişimsel davranışlarda bozukluk olarak tanımladıkları, otizmin tanımı ile uyumlu olduğunu düşündükleri en sık problemin, çocuklarında gözledikleri dil-konuşma ve iletişim bozukluğu olduğu ve çocuklarında otizmin tanımı ile uyumlu olmayan bir öğrenme veya davranış özelliği gözlemedikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada ilgili temalar altında derinlemesine elde edilen ebeveyn görüşleri, ilgili nitel araştırmalar doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalara ve uygulamalara yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir. The purpose of this study was to examine the opinions of parents of children with autism about their perception and definition of autism, characteristics of their children whether they are congruent with the common definition of autism or not. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 parents who were the primary caregivers of children with autism. Following the completion of interviews with the parents, the interviews were transcribed without making any corrections; the expressions of parents were written verbatim as they were heard by the researchers. The results of this study showed that

  17. The Finnish background report for the EC documentation of best available techniques for tanning industry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kustula, V.; Salo, H.; Witick, A.; Kaunismaa, P.

    2000-08-01

    The objective of this document is to identify best available techniques (BAT) for the reduction of emissions and energy use in the tanning industry in Finland. The leather tanning industry in Finland has long traditions, dating back for centuries, but today there are only nine tanneries of any importance left. The tanneries vary in size from small, family-owned ones to large on a Finnish scale, with a staff of about 70 persons. The production of finished leather in even the largest tannery in Finland is well below the production limit (12 tonnes finished leather a day) mentioned in the IPPC-directive (96/61/EC). The range of products manufactured by the Finnish leather industry is large and includes processed leather for, e.g. footwear, clothing, furniture and intermediate products, e.g. wet-blue and crust. The hides and skins of cows, lamb, elk, reindeer and occasionally skins from other animals, e.g. horses are the main raw materials used. Some of the tanneries carry out only a part of the processing and sell their products in a treated, but not finished state. Tanneries which undertake only a part of the preparation process are reviewed in this document as well. Because of the varying size of the Finnish tanneries, the quality and quantity of emissions and environmental impacts vary considerably. The parameters used by the authorities are suspended solids (SS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chromium and sulphide concentration in the effluents. The quantity of waste and waste water generated is also subject to assessment by the authorities. Direct regulation of emissions is practised in Finland by issuing permits containing emission limit values. Major waste streams generated are sludge from waste water treatment plants, animal residues from the beamhouse stage, residues from tanned leather and chemicals used. Various ways of residue separation and consequently reuse and recovery are practised in most Finnish tanneries. The proteinaceous residues from the

  18. The influence of Chromium supplied by tanning and wet finishing processes on the formation of cr(vi in leather

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    W. F. Fuck

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Chromium used in leather manufacturing can be oxidized from the trivalent to the hexavalent state, causing environmental concerns. In this study, the influence of Cr(III from tanning, deacidification pH, fatliquors, chrome retanning and vegetable retanning on the formation of Cr(VI in leather was analyzed by comparing natural and aged samples. In wet-blue leather, even after aging and in fatliquored leathers that did not suffer the aging process, the presence of Cr(VI was always below the detection limit of 3 mg/kg. Considering the presence of Cr(VI, the supply of chromium during the retanning step had a more significant effect than during the tanning. In the fatliquoring process with sulfites, fish and synthetic fatliquor leather samples contained Cr(VI when aged, and the highest concentration detected was 26.7 mg/kg. The evaluation of Cr(VI formation led to recommendations for regulation in the leather industry.

  19. Sensitivity of cloud albedo to aerosol concentration and spectral dispersion of cloud droplet size distribution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iorga, G. [Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest (Romania)]. E-mail: giorga@gw-chimie.math.unibuc.ro; Stefan, S. [Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest (Romania)

    2007-07-15

    conditions of marine clouds, only {beta}PL-scaled albedo fits satisfactory within the validity range of albedo inferred using an effective radius-liquid water content relationship proposed by Reid et al. (1999) from ASTEX project. The low correlation coefficient of the effective radius-liquid water content parameterization in ASTEX may also play a role within. [Spanish] La reflectividad nubosa a nivel regional puede modificarse tanto por el aumento en el numero de concentracion del aerosol, como por el incremento en la dispersion de la distribucion relativa del tamano de las gotas de las nubes. Este trabajo se enfoca en el papel que tienen los aerosoles prenubosos en la reflectividad de las nubes. Para describir dos tipos de aerosoles, los marinos y los rurales, se utilizaron tamanos de distribucion logaritmica normales. El numero de aerosoles que se activan como gotas se obtuvo con base en la parametrizacion de activacion de Abdul-Razzak y Ghan (2000). Se calculo el albedo nuboso considerando el efecto de dispersion espectral en la parametrizacion del radio efectivo de nubes y en el factor de asimetria de dispersion. Para considerar la dispersion se utilizaron dos factores de escalamiento diferentes. Tambien se investigo la sensibilidad del albedo nuboso a la relacion entre la dispersion espectral y el numero de concentracion del aerosol, en funcion del contenido de agua liquida (LWC) y del radio efectivo de gotas. Al considerar la dispersion se obtuvieron valores altos de radio efectivo con respecto al caso base, en el que no se considera la dispersion. Las diferencias absolutas inferidas en los valores del radio efectivo son menores a 0.8 {mu}m al calcularlas con cada uno de los dos factores de escalamiento ya que el LWC esta entre 0.1 y 1.0 g m-3. Cuando la dispersion es considerada tanto en el radio efectivo como en el factor de escalamiento (factor de escalamiento {beta}LDR) la profundidad optica disminuye hasta 14% en el caso de los aerosoles marinos y hasta 29% en el

  20. La corona radiata de Helios-Sol como símbolo de poder en la Cultura Visual Romana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Tomás García

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende analizar la presencia del motivo iconográfico de la corona radiata en la cultura visual romana como símbolo de poder. Para ello, analizaremos la figura mitológica de Helios, y sus múltiples variantes en las fuentes clásicas, especialmente aquellas que más la relacionan con la divinidad del Sol en el mundo romano. Las principales categorías de interpretación de la iconografía del Sol en la cultura visual romana enriquecen las variantes iconológicas de la presencia de la corona radiata. Así, pretendemos analizar la naturaleza real o simbólica de este atributo iconográfico tan presente desde la época de Augusto como símbolo de poder y luz ligado a la realía imperial. This article aims to analyze the presence of the iconographic motif of the corona radiata in the Roman visual culture as a symbol of power. For this, we will analyze the mythological figure of Helios, and its multiple variants in the classical sources, especially those that relate more to the divinity of the Sun in the Roman world. e main categories of interpretation of the Sun's iconography in the Roman visual culture enrich the iconological variants of the presence of the corona radiata. us, we intend to analyze the real or symbolic nature of this iconographic attribute so present since the time of Augustus as a symbol of power and light linked to the imperial realia.