Euroopa kultuuripealinn Tallinn 2011 paneb PÖFF-ile õla alla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2011-01-01

15. Pimedate Ööde Filmifestivali ja Euroopa Kultuuripealinna Tallinn 2011 koostöös alguse saanud noortele animavallas tegutsevatele professionaalidele mõeldud koolitussarjast AnimaCampus, rahvusvahelise filmituru Black Market ja programmi "60 sekundit üksindust aastal Null" toetamisest

Study on the most early glass eye-beads in China unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan of Henan Province, China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

GAN FuXi; CHENG HuanSheng; HU YongQing; MA Bo; GU DongHong

2009-01-01

The eye-beads dating to the early Warring States Period unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan County of Henan Province, China are studied. The structure and the chemical composition of the samples are analysed by the undestructive methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The results show that these eye-beads are of glass state. Its chemical composition indicates that they belong to the glass of soda lime silicate system (Na2O-CaO-SiO2). By comparing the decorative design and the chemical composition of the samples with those from ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt, we think that these ancient eye-beads in Xichuan were most possibly imported from the West.

Study on the most early glass eye-beads in China unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan of Henan Province,China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2009-01-01

The eye-beads dating to the early Warring States Period unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan County of Henan Province, China are studied. The structure and the chemical composition of the sam- ples are analysed by the undestructive methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The results show that these eye-beads are of glass state. Its chemical composition indicates that they belong to the glass of soda lime silicate system (Na2O-CaO-SiO2). By comparing the decorative design and the chemical composition of the samples with those from ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt, we think that these ancient eye-beads in Xichuan were most possibly im- ported from the West.

Tallinn soovib linnahalli Ameerika investoritega ikka edasi minna / Raimo Poom

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Poom, Raimo

2010-01-01

Tallinna linnavalitsus ootab enne otsustamist, kas pikendada Tallinna linnahalli arendamiseks sõlmitud eellepingut Ameerika ettevõttega Tallinn Entertainment LLC, Ameerika investorite delegatsiooni visiiti Tallinna. Rahandusminister Jürgen Ligi vastusest Tallinna abilinnapea Taavi Aasa kirjale, milles oli ettepanek kaaluda võimalust anda riigi garantii linnahalli arendamise projektile

Euroopa kultuuripealik 2011 (Tallinn) lõpuks leitud / Mikko Fritze ; interv. Kaarel Tarand

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Fritze, Mikko, 1963-

2007-01-01

Tallinn on Euroopa 2011. a. kultuuripealinn. Intervjuu korraldava sihtasutuse tegevjuhi Mikko Fritzega. Tegevusprogrammist, ka infrastruktuuri projektidest (linnateater, Kultuurikatel, rannapromenaad, lauluväljak, linnahall) jm. SA bürool on kavatsus kolida Kultuurikatlasse

Arvustus : Vello Paatsi. Eesti talurahva loodusteadusliku maailmapildi kujunemine rahvakooli kaudu (1803-1918). - Tallinn : TPÜ Kirjastus, 2003. 206 lk. / Jaan-Mati Punning

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Punning, Jaan-Mati, 1940-2009

2003-01-01

Rets. rmt. : Paatsi, Vello. Eesti talurahva loodusteadusliku maailmapildi kujunemine rahvakooli kaudu (1803-1918). - Tallinn : Tallinna Pedagoogikaülikooli kirjastus, 2003. - 206 lk. : ill. - (Tallinna Pedagoogikaülikool. Sotsiaalteaduste dissertatsioonid = Tallinn Pedagogical University. Dissertations on social sciences, 1406-4405 ; 5)

"Tallinn Jazz Weekend" tõi kultuuripealinna Euroopa jazzielu korraldajad / Marje Ingel, Joosep Sang

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ingel, Marje

2011-01-01

Jazziorganisatsioonist Europe Jazz Network ja selle aastakonverentsist Tallinnas ning J. Sang selle raames Von Krahli teatris toimunud Tallinn Jazz Weekendi eesti jazzmuusika showcase-festivalist lühidalt

Siim Nestor soovitab : Tallinn Doom Night vol.1. Odessa Pop / Siim Nestor

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nestor, Siim, 1974-

2006-01-01

Soome doom-metal ansambel Reverend Bizarre üritusel "Tallinn Doom Night vol.1" 8. dets. klubis Rockstar's. Indipoppi viljelev Rootsi duo My Darling Yoy! üritusel "Odessa Pop" 9. dets. Tallinnas klubis KuKu

[Karin Hallas. Das Tallinner Mietshaus. Vom Historismus bis zum Jugendstil] / Paul Kaegbein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaegbein, Paul

2006-01-01

Arvustus: Karin Hallas. Das Tallinner Mietshaus. Vom Historismus bis zum Jugendstil. In: Architektur und bildende Kunst im Baltikum um 1900. Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Wien: Lang 1999. S. 173-192.

A rapid situation assessment of the market for surrogate and illegal alcohols in Tallinn, Estonia.

Science.gov (United States)

Pärna, Kersti; Lang, Katrin; Raju, Kadi; Väli, Marika; McKee, Martin

2007-01-01

To understand the phenomenon of consumption of surrogate and illegal alcohols in Tallinn, capital of Estonia. This study, conducted in Tallinn in May 2006, used rapid situation assessment. Interviews with key informants in relevant settings such as emergency departments of hospitals, accommodation for the homeless, police etc. (n = 22), with alcohol abusers (n = 33), natural observations of surrogate sale and consumption venues (n = 46), and tracking of trade data were carried out. Key informants confirmed that consumption of illegal and surrogate alcohols are widely used by alcohol abusers, a finding confirmed by the alcohol abusers. Availability of surrogates varied by area of the city, mainly sold from street kiosks. Illegally produced spirits were also easily available. Sales of surrogates appear to have increased in recent years. A range of alcohol-containing substances that appear to be easily available at low cost, and that have high concentration of ethanol or contaminants known to be toxic, were identified in Tallinn. Alcohol policies in Estonia should address the consumption and availability of these substances.

Uhiuus orkester Tallinn Sinfonietta / Ivo Lille ja Risto Joost ; intervjueerinud Kristina Kõrver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lille, Ivo, 1977-

2009-01-01

Kontserdiagentuurist HIMusic Agency ja Tallinn Sinfoniettast räägivad dirigent R. Joost ja I. Lille. Avakontserdist Vene Kultuurikeskuses, kus oli kavas Mozarti sümfooniad 1, 10 ja 40 ning kontsertaariad bulgaaria soprani Sonya Youncheva esituses

Tallinna Inglise kolledzhi spordihoone = The Tallinn English College's sports building

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Tallinna Inglise kolledzhi spordihoone (Estonia pst. 10, Tallinn) sisekujundusest. Arhitektid: Lembit-Kaur Stöör ja Margus Maiste (KOKO Arhitektid), sisearhitektid: Liisi Murula (Mari OÜ), Liis Lindvere ja Raili Paling, ornamentika: Martin Lazarev (KOKO Arhitektid). Sisearhitektidest, nende tähtsamad tööd. 5 korruse plaani, 2 värv. välis- ja 11 sisevaadet, fotod sisearhitektidest

Six-year clinical study of firework-related eye injuries in North China.

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Yichun; Tang, Xin; Kong, Baohuan; Jiang, Hao; Chen, Ying

2015-01-01

To analyse the demographic data, clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of patients with firework-related eye injuries. A retrospective review was performed of patients with eye injuries related to fireworks referred to TianJin Eye Hospital in North China from 2008 to 2013. Demographic information, clinical features, management and visual outcome were analysed and prognosis factors were evaluated. Ninety-nine patients (86 men) with 118 eye injuries were enrolled in the study. The average age of the patients was 32.0±20.5 years; 70/99 (70.7%) were aged >20 years. Eighty-one of the patients had been lighting the fireworks while the rest were bystanders. The main ophthalmic manifestations were hyphaema, vitreous haemorrhage, corneal/sclera/corneoscleral open globe injury, eyelid laceration, traumatic cataract, retinal/choroid detachment, endophthalmitis and intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Ninety patients required surgical intervention including repair of open globe injury, vitrectomy, cataract extraction and enucleation. 56/118 eyes (47.5%) received multiple operations. After treatment, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved (p=0.015). Some factors were significantly correlated with better final BCVA, including initial BCVA (p=0.036), closed globe injury (p=0.031), absence of endophthalmitis (p=0.014), absence of IOFB (p=0.024) and absence of retinal detachment (p=0.046). Firework-related eye injuries mainly occur in adult men and result in severe visual damage. The most common clinical manifestations are hyphaema and vitreous haemorrhage. Better initial BCVA and closed globe injury have a better visual result while endophthalmitis, IOFB and retinal detachment have a negative visual outcome. Improved eye protection, along with enhanced public education and legal ban on fireworks, could reduce the incidence of eye injuries. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a

Environmental innovation through transport policy. The implementation of the free fare policy on public transport in Tallinn, Estonia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gabaldon-Estevan, D.

2016-07-01

Urban areas are of increasing relevance when it comes to sustainability: First, about half of the world’s population now lives in cities (increasing to 60% by 2030). Second, cities are nowadays responsible for levels of resource consumption and waste generation that are higher beyond their share on world population. Third, cities are more vulnerable to disruptive events that can lead to restrictions on the provision of resources and to changes on the environment caused by climate change. And fourth, because they concentrate key resources (political, social, cultural…), cities are seen as strategic scenarios where to experiment and develop solutions to cope with the prevailing sustainability challenges driven by the major social and environmental transformations. Urban agglomerations can be seen as complex innovation systems where human activities are shaped in order to transform societies towards sustainable development. For this paper, we focus on the case of an environmental innovation regarding transport policy, the implementation of the fare-free policy on public transport for all inhabitants of Tallinn, Estonia. Tallinn, with 414,000 inhabitants in 2015, is the capital of Estonia and the largest city in the country. Over the last two decades the share of public transport trips decreased dramatically. After a public opinion poll in 2012, in which over 75% of the participants voted for a fare-free public transportation system (FFPTS) in Tallinn, the new policy was implemented on 1st January 2013. From that date on inhabitants of Tallinn could use all public transport services (busses, trams, trolly-busses) operated by city-run operators for free. Later the fare-free system was implemented also on trains within Tallinn. In this paper we analyze the context, in which this policy was implemented, the main characteristics of its implementation and its actual situation. (Author)

[Lea Kõiv. Paul Johansen und das Stadtarchiv Reval/Tallinn] / Paul Kaegbein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaegbein, Paul

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Lea Kõiv. Paul Johansen und das Stadtarchiv Reval/Tallinn. - Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion. Helsinki : Aue-Stiftung; Lübeck : Schmict-Röhmild, 2006. Lk. 45-59. Artiklis on kasutatud seni avalikkusele vähetuntud materjale ja osaliselt käsitletud avalikke vaidlusi, kuhu olid segatud nii Paul Johansen kui järgmine linnaarhivaar Rudolf Kenkmaa

Programming Basics for Beginners. Experience of the Institute of Informatics at Tallinn University of Technology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Mironova

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The present paper demonstrates the teaching approach in programming basics course for novices: schoolchildren of different ages and schoolteachers. This programming course was developed at the Institute of Informatics at Tallinn University of Technology in Tallinn, Estonia and it based on many years experience in teaching programming for non-IT first year students. The main aim of the chosen teaching approach in the course is to raise the motivation and keep the learners’ interest in programming field on the high level. The idea of developed teaching technique is the implementation of the visual programming before a serious textual coding. Furthermore, authors suggest readers some ways and methods to overcome learners’ difficulties in the first stage in a textual coding.

Püha Siimeoni ja Naisprohvet Hanna kiriku restaureerimine : Ahtri 5, Tallinn = Restoration of the Church of Righteous Symeon and Prophetess Ann : Ahtri 5, Tallinn / Epp Lankots

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lankots, Epp, 1976-

2005-01-01

18. sajandil ehitatud, 2001. a. Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirikule tagastatud kirikuhoone restaureerimine. Ees on interjööride konserveerimistööd. Uuringud: Juhan Kilumets, Eva Mölder. Arhitektuurne projekt: Tõnu Parmakson, Ilmar Kannelmäe. Konstruktiivne projekt: Aleksander Danil. Teostus: J. Kilumets (Rändmeister), T. Parmakson (Frantsiskus), E. Mölder (Vana Tallinn). Ill.: 3 värv. välis- ja 3 sisevaadet

Tallinn Fashion Week täidab nädala kodumaise moega / Karilin Engelbrecht

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Engelbrecht, Karilin

2009-01-01

Tallinn Fashion Week'i üritustest. Ülevaade eesti moekunstnike loomingu esitlustest. Näitus "Uus Eesti moejoonistus" Arhitektuuri- ja Disainigaleriis. Anu Hindi moefotonäitus "Aeg maha 3" Iida galeriis. Raamatu "Eesti moepiibel 2010" esitlus Rotermanni kvartali kohvikus Platz. Oksana Tanditi ja Filippo Caroti moefotonäitus "Butterflies" Tallinna botaanikaaias

Bob Scott: Tallinn 2011 saab oma preemiaraha kätte / Bob Scott ; intervjueerinud Teele Tammeorg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Scott, Bob

2010-01-01

Euroopa kultuuripealinnade hindamiskomisjoni esimees räägib oma kohtumisest Tallinna linnapea Edgar Savisaare ja kultuuriministri Laine Jänesega ning sellest, et Tallinnal ja Eestil tuleb lisatoetuse saamiseks saata Euroopa Komisjonile vaid kiri, milles nad kinnitavad, et kultuuripealinna programmi jaoks on raha olemas

"Tallinn Treff" - maailma lavade uus põlvkond Tallinnas / Meelis Pai, Vahur Keller, Reeda Toots ; intervjueerinud Margot Visnap

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pai, Meelis, 1968-

2009-01-01

30. maist 6. juunini toimuvast rahvusvahelisest nukuteatrifestivalist "Tallinn Treff" ning selle alafestivalist "Noor vaim" annavad ülevaate festivali peakorraldaja Meelis Pai, kusntiline juht Vahut Keller ja "Noor vaimu" juht Reeda Toots

Characteristics of cardiovascular deaths in forensic medical cases in Budapest, Vilnius and Tallinn.

Science.gov (United States)

Törő, Klara; Väli, Marika; Lepik, Delia; Tuusov, Jana; Dunay, György; Marcsa, Boglarka; Pauliukevicius, Alvydas; Raudys, Romas; Caplinskiene, Marija

2013-11-01

Evaluation of the pathomorphological characteristics of cases involving natural and sudden cardiovascular death is essential for the determination of the cause of death. The main purpose of this study is to investigate sudden unexpected cardiovascular death and to study how different geographical climatic influences may affect cardiac mortality in three capitals: Budapest, Vilnius and Tallinn. There were 8482 (5753 male, 2729 female) cardiovascular deaths between 2005 and 2009. The highest rate was observed in the age group between 71 and 80 years (35.17%) and 51-60 years (24.45%). The highest number of cardiovascular deaths occur in January (805/9.49%) and December (770/9.07%). Seasonal distribution was observed, with winter prevalence in Tallinn (279/3.20%) and spring prevalence in Vilnius (760/8.90%). Though in Vilnius and Budapest a great number of deaths occurred in winter and spring, any correlation with other factors (e.g. age, gender, BAC) was not statistically significant. Based on our results we can conclude that environmental-geographical parameters may affect natural cardiovascular death. Examination of pathological patterns and predisposing environmental parameters may help to improve prevention strategies. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Ethnic Variations in Central Corneal Thickness in a Rural Population in China: The Yunnan Minority Eye Studies

OpenAIRE

Pan, Chen-Wei; Li, Jun; Zhong, Hua; Shen, Wei; Niu, Zhiqiang; Yuan, Yuansheng; Chen, Qin

2015-01-01

Purpose To describe the ethnic differences in central corneal thickness (CCT) in population-based samples of ethnic Bai, Yi and Han people living in rural China. Methods 6504 adults (2119 ethnic Bai, 2202 ethnic Yi and 2183 ethnic Han) aged 50 years or older participated in the study. Each subject underwent standardized ocular examinations and interviewer-administered questionnaires for risk factor assessment. CCT was measured for both eyes using an ultrasound pachymeter. Regression and princ...

Uudised : Preemia "edition 49" noodigraafikale. Noor muusik ئ Tallinn 2000. Bergenisse sõidab Bezrodnaja / Hugo Alter

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Alter, Hugo-Eduard, 1929-2003

2000-01-01

Kirjastuse "Edition 49" noodigraafikaga teos võitis muusikakirjastuspreemia "Frankfurt 2000". 6.-9. juunini toimub rahvusvaheline konkurss "Noor muusik ئ Tallinn 2000", millest võtavad osa kuni 13 aastased muusikud 11-st riigist. "Klassika-Eurovisiooni" Eesti võistluse finaali võitis A.-L. Bezrodnaja, kes esindab Eestit võistluse Euroopa finaalis juunis Bergenis

[Heinz von zur Mühlen. Paul Johansen und die Sogenannten Undeutschen in Reval/Tallinn] / Paul Kaegbein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaegbein, Paul

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Heinz von zur Mühlen. Paul Johansen und die Sogenannten Undeutschen in Reval/Tallinn. - Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion. Helsinki : Aue-Stiftung :; Lübeck : Schmidt-Römhild, 2006. lk. 103-111. Paul Johanseni lähim töökaaslane kirjeldab teose "Deutsch und Undeutsch im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Reval" valmimist

Eye on China and United States

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milad Mahyari

2016-07-01

Full Text Available United States strives to force the Chinese into agreement of increasing the value of their exchange rate to help the USA avoid inflation As China did not come into an agreement with the USA, Tariffs are being put on Chinese products entering USA. However China as began to add tariff on poultry received from the US as well. China was previously not named in the legislation permitting US to add tariff on their goods. But recently a bill was passed giving the commerce department the ability to place important tariffs on all countries to undervalue their currency. The bill passed in legislation had the support of 99 republicans. China has been managing their currency in a manner that makes their goods cheaper to sell and American goods more expensive. The Chinese manipulation of their currency has been quite expensive for the USA, as it has cost them $1.5 billion jobs increasing the percentage of unemployment greatly and significantly. This imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods could result in effecting $300 billion dollars worth of their products. It is obvious that the Americans are attempting to improve and acknowledge their growth and power. As predictions have developed over this conflict, arguing the fact that China will not negotiate with the USA at this point rather fight back and also approach in adding tariffs on USimports. However, this reaction by the Chinese will only worsen the scenario and result in the possible inflation of the US economy or worldwide trade war. This is a very sensitive time for the United States as their biggest hopes are dependent on the Chinese. But it doesn’t look like they will be too satisfied with the outcome.

Prevalence, awareness, medication, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension in Yi ethnic group aged 50 years and over in rural China: the Yunnan minority eye study.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Lixing; Zong, Yuan; Wei, Tao; Sheng, Xun; Shen, Wei; Li, Jun; Niu, Zhiqiang; Zhou, Hua; Zhang, Yang; Yuan, Yuansheng; Chen, Qin; Zhong, Hua

2015-04-15

Hypertension is an important public health issue in China, but there are few studies examining hypertension in ethnic groups in Yunnan, China. This study, Yunnan Minority Eye Study (YMES), was initially designed to determine the prevalence and impact of eye diseases, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. As a part of YMES, the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and the associated risk factors among the Yi ethnic population in rural China are reported. A population-based survey was conducted in 2012 with adult participants over 50 from rural communities in Shilin Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, located in southwest China. A random cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample. The participants' blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or current use of antihypertensive medications. A total of 2208 adults were assessed. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.5%, and the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence was 37.0%. The proportion of patients who were aware of their hypertension among those diagnosed with hypertension was 24.8%. Of those aware of having hypertension, 23.6% took antihypertensive drugs. Among all hypertensive patients, only 7.2% had controlled their hypertension (population of the Yi ethnic group in China. The ratio of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were considerately low. Hypertension education and screening programs in rural China are recommended to improve the health status of this population.

[To promote universal eye health to push forward sustaining development of the prevention of blindness in China].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jialiang

2014-03-01

Action plan for the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment for 2014-2019 endorsed by 66(th) World Health Assembly is an important document for promoting the global prevention of blindness. This action plan summarized the experiences and lessons in the global prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment from 2009 to 2013, raised the global goal for the prevention of blindness-the reduction in prevalence of avoidable visual impairment by 25% by 2019 from the baseline of 2010, set up the monitoring indicators for realizing the global goal. This document can be served as a roadmap to consolidate joint efforts aimed at working towards universal eye health in the world. This action plan must give a deep and important impact on the prevention of blindness in China.We should implement the action plan for the prevention of avoidable blindness and visual impairment for 2014-2019 to push forward sustaining development of the prevention of blindness in China.

Prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a multi-ethnic population in rural China: the Yunnan Minority Eye Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Chen-Wei; Zhao, Chun-Hua; Yu, Min-Bin; Cun, Qing; Chen, Qin; Shen, Wei; Li, Jun; Xu, Jian-Gang; Yuan, Yuansheng; Zhong, Hua

2016-11-01

To determine the prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a rural community in China and to examine possible ethnic variations. The Yunnan Minority Eye Study was a multi-ethnic community-based eye survey using random cluster sampling strategies. 2133 Bai, 2205 Han and 2208 Yi Chinese aged 50 years or older participated in this study. Glaucoma including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and secondary glaucoma was defined based on the International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. The overall age-standardized prevalence of all glaucoma was 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-3.1%) in this population. It was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.1-1.9%) for POAG and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.9-1.6%) for PACG, respectively. Among 29 people with secondary glaucoma, 27 (93%) were blind in at least one eye. The presence of primary open-angle glaucoma was associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94; comparing men with women), Yi ethnicity (OR = 2.27; comparing Yi with Han people), higher IOP (OR = 1.09 per mmHg increase), and the presence of myopia (OR = 1.84). Of the 212 participants with glaucoma, only 38 (18%) were aware of the disease and had been diagnosed previously as having glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Patients who were better educated tended to be aware of the disease. Significant ethnic difference in the prevalence of POAG was observed in this study. The low awareness of glaucoma highlights the pressing need to increase public awareness of this potentially blinding condition in rural China. © 2016 The Authors Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2016 The College of Optometrists.

Removal of the eye in a tertiary care center of China:a retrospective study on 573 cases in 20 years

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ying Zhang

2015-10-01

Full Text Available AIM:To investigate the original protopathy, direct indications, clinical characteristics, complications of orbit plants and visual conditions of eye enucleation/evisceration.METHODS: A retrospective study of 573 eyes removed (573 inpatients at Ophthalmology Department in a tertiary care center of China from January 1993 to December 2012 was completed.RESULTS:Cases underwent removal of the eye accounted for 2.15% of total ophthalmology inpatients, whose annual frequency declined from 3.80% to 0.52%. There were 167 eyes (29.14% being enucleated and 406 (70.86% eviscerated. Annual proportion of evisceration rose from 16.67% in 1993 to 90.48% in later years. Trauma was the top one (65.62% in original protopathies followed by neoplasm (13.44% and ocular infections (5.76%. Phthisis bulbi (45.20% was the most common direct indication, succeeded by malignant tumor (12.57%, loss/unreconstructed of intraocular tissues due to trauma (11.00%, untreatable inflammation (9.60%, intractable glaucoma (8.55% and sclerocorneal staphyloma (5.24%. Exenteration was underwent in 20 (25.97% cases (40% for recurrent carcinoma. Following evisceration, secondary prosthesis implantation was more and earlier, implant exposure occurred in less but earlier and infection and extraction/exchange of implants were more than those following enucleation. Male, phthisis bulbi, evisceration and secondary implantation meant lower risk of implant exposure; eyes removed within 24h following trauma was an independent risk factor. There were 14.37% of eyes with vision of light perception at least as been removed. In the residual contralateral eyes, low vision accounted 5.58% and blindness 3.14%.CONCLUSION:Ocular trauma, tumor and infections were great threats to eyeball preservation. Early and effective controlling of any original protopathies was vital. Generally evisceration presented more superior and safe outcomes than enucleation did. Visual conditions of the sufferers should be

Russification of non-Estonian pupils in Tallinn

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ülle Rannut

2010-05-01

Full Text Available In the article home languages, their qualities and use by pupils in grades 2 to 5 in Tallinn are analyzed. Two larger and more characteristic groups (Ukrainians and Belarusians and two groups with Islamic backgrounds (Azerbaijanis and Tatars were compared with the aim of analysing different language loss and preservation factors. Although Ukrainians and Belarusians form much larger ethnic groups within Estonia, they have not managed to preserve their language anywhere near as successfully as the Azerbaijanis and Tatars. Comparison of the data suggests that language preservation in Estonia and the ability to withstand Russification are most influenced by the degree of difference of the language from Russian and the religious difference from the Russian Orthodox faith (and Soviet era atheism. Home languages are characterised by their use mainly in the verbal form, with skills in the literary language generally low or even non-existent. Languages are for the most part learned informally, primarily through communication with parents and/or grandparents. The result is a supersaturated vernacular with a large degree of variation and loans from superstratum languages which falls far from the standard of the language in question.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa6.15

A randomised, parallel-group comparison study of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye in China and Singapore.

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Lan; Sun, Xinghuai; Ma, Zhizhong; Wang, Qinmei; Xu, Xun; Chen, Xiaoming; Shao, Yan; Yao, Ke; Tang, Luosheng; Gu, Yangshun; Yuan, Huiping; Chua, Wei Han; Chuan, Jacob Cheng Yen; Tong, Louis

2015-07-01

To compare the efficacy and safety of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution with those of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye in China and Singapore. A total of 497 patients with dry eye (Schirmer's test, 5 mm; fluorescein and RB score, 3 points) from China and Singapore were randomised to receive either diquafosol ophthalmic solution (diquafosol) or sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution (HA) at 1:1 ratio. The fluorescein staining scores and rose bengal (RB) subjective symptom scores and tear film breakup time were evaluated before treatment and 2 and 4 weeks after start of treatment. In the diquafosol group, changes in fluorescein and RB scores compared with baseline at week 4 or at the time of discontinuation were -2.1±1.5 and -2.5±2.0, respectively. Compared with the HA group, changes in fluorescein score were non-inferior and changes in RB score were superior (p=0.019). In addition, diquafosol and HA improved tear film breakup time by 1.046±1.797 and 0.832±1.775 s, respectively (no significant intergroup difference). Adverse event onset rates were 16.3% (40 of 246 subjects) and 10.0% (25 of 251 subjects) in the diquafosol group and HA group, respectively, with borderline significant intergroup differences (p=0.046), while adverse drug reaction incidence rates were 12.2% (30 of 246 subjects) and 6.0% (15 of 251 subjects), respectively (p=0.019). Only mild adverse drug reactions (>2%) in the form of eye discharge, itching or irritation were observed. Diquafosol improved fluorescein staining score in a manner similar to HA, and significantly improved RB score compared with HA. NCT01101984. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Retsensioon : Riigikogu VII, VIII ja IX koosseis. Statistikat ja kommentaare. Peatoimetaja Aaro Mõttus. Tallinn : Riigikogu Kantselei, Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, 2004. 326 lk. / Mart Nutt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nutt, Mart, 1962-

2004-01-01

Arvustus: Riigikogu VII, VIII ja IX koosseis. Statistikat ja kommentaare / peatoim. Aaro Mõttus. Tallinn : Riigikogu Kantselei, Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, 2004. - Lisatud: Ott Heinapuu tutvustav sõnum retsenseeritud väljaande kohta lk. 193. - Vt. ka: http://www.riigikogu.ee/rito/index.php?id=11357

Data Envelopment Analysis of Helsinki-Tallinn Transportation Chains

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olli-Pekka Hilmola

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The Baltic Sea shipping is at a crossroads as sulphur regulation will lead to excessive cost increases from the year 2015 onwards and CO2 emission trading is planned to be implemented for the entire shipping sector within the EU area. Therefore, shipping is going to be minimized and hinterland transportation (road and rail will act as substitute. This research analyzes the situation on one of the highest volume general cargo transportation routes of Finland (operating between Helsinki, Finland and Tallinn, Estonia, including loading and unloading at seaports and short sea shipping activity in between. Based on the efficiency evaluation results, it seems that containers should be favoured over semi-trailers – containers could be carried efficiently either in container ships or even at currently favoured RoRo or RoPax ships. Our research illustrates that pure container shipping with larger container ships within the analyzed route is not entirely out of question, but lead time and hinterland operations should receive more attention. Alternatively, RoRo and RoPax ships can also do something to increase their competitiveness in environmental harm caused and diesel consumption – higher cargo loads and utilization levels are short-term key for continued dominance.

Demographic Characteristics of Voluntary Donors Registered in Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Bank of China: A Retrospective Study From 2007 to 2016.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Y; Zhang, Y N; Liu, Y; Zhang, J; Li, A P; Liang, Q F; Pan, Z Q

2017-10-01

Lack of willingness to pledge eyes among the general population is the main cause for the shortage of cornea tissue in China. A few studies have implied that general-population adults with specific demographics showed more willingness to donate their eyes. In this study, we analyzed the demographic characteristics of 918 voluntary donors registered in Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Bank in the past 10 years for possible predictors that might help us to identify potential donors in Beijing and increase the donation rate. All copies of voluntary eye donation application forms filled by the registrants from 2007 to 2016 were collected. Basic demographics listed in the application form were extracted for analysis. Demographics were described as proportions and compared by means of a χ 2 test. Besides that, donor counts and proportions of combining 2 demographics from the 4 main demographics were described and compared. Voluntary donors greater than 50 years of age (n = 477, 53.0%) predominated the proportions. Regarding education level and occupation, donors with tertiary education (n = 484, 57.4%) were more numerous than donors with primary and secondary education (n = 355, 42.1%); office clerks, workers, and government officers were more willing to pledge eyes than were donors engaged in other occupations. In addition, donors of the Han race (n = 856, 94.9%) made up the majority and mainly were distributed in 5 central administrative districts of Beijing (n = 629, 77.5%). The present study suggests that older women (>50 years of age), living in a central district, with higher education level and engaged in white-collar work, were possible predictors for potential donors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Meibomian gland dropout in patients with dry eye disease in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Yun; Gao, Ziqing; Feng, Kang; Qu, Hongqiang; Hong, Jing

2014-10-01

To examine the morphological changes in the meibomian glands of eyes of patients with dry eye disease using the non-contact infrared meibography system and to assess their relationship with meibomian dropout, signs, and tear-film function. Subjects included 264 randomly selected patients (528 eyes) suffering from dry eye disease (95 males, 169 females; age range, 7-85 years; mean male age, 39.83 ± 19.17 years; mean female age, 46.16 ± 17.38 years). Tear-film break-up time (BUT) was measured and tear-film production was evaluated by the Schirmer test I (SIT). Subjective symptoms were also scored. The upper and lower eyelids were turned over, and the meibomian glands were observed using the non-contact meibography system. Partial or complete loss of the meibomian glands (meibomian dropout) was scored for each eyelid from grade 0 (no loss) through grade 3 (lost area was >2/3 of the total meibomian gland area). The average SIT result was 6.71 ± 6.13 mm (range 0-30 mm) and that for BUT was 3.13 ± 2.39 s (range 0-10 s). The average fluorescein staining score was 4.25 ± 4.05 (range 0-12). In addition, the mean meibomian gland photographic score was 4.35 ± 1.39. The correlation between the meibomian gland photographic scores and various ocular surface examinations were evaluated using Kendall's correlation. SIT and BUT were significantly negatively correlated with the meibomian gland photographic score, whereas corneal fluorescein staining was positively correlated. The results suggest a large proportion of meibomian dropout cases among patients with dry eye disease, indicating that treatment targeted at the meibomian gland will become an important direction for treating dry eye disease. Meibography is recommended as a routine test for dry eye disease.

ALARM, a life saving training program for inpatient mental health care staff. Tallinn, Estland (27-30 augustus 2014) : Oral presentation European Symposium on Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nienke Kool

2014-01-01

Oral presentation European Symposium on Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour. Titel: ALARM, a life saving training program for inpatient mental health care staff. Tallinn, Estland (27-30 augustus 2014) Introduction Despite precautions, suicide does happen. Sometimes patients are found while attempting

Kohtumispaigad: Tallinna kohvikute interjööre = Meeting Places : Interiors of Tallinn Cafes / Kai Lobjakas ; tõlk. Laila Põdra

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lobjakas, Kai, 1975-

2003-01-01

Tallinna kohvikutest aastail 1930-2003. Vaadeldakse kohvikuid Corso/Harju, Feischner/Tallinn, Palace, Kultas/Moskva, Energia, Narva, Pärl, Pegasus, Tuluke, Szolnok, Tuljak, Vigri, Toome, Corrida, Võitlev Sõna, Robert's Coffee, Rossini, Popular. Sisekujundajad: R. Natus, V. Tomassov, K. Herman, B. Linde, J. Siirak, V. Asi, V. Tamm, L. Pärtelpoeg, N. Kultas, P. Aren, H. Karro, G. Nahkur, L. Tarvas, M. Grünberg, A. Murdmaa, M. Tammik, G. Sarv, A. Maasik, A. Nurk, R. Treu, M. Sulengo, R. Tiitus. 22 vaadet, kaart

[Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion. Beiträge des III. Internationalen Symposiums zur deutschen Kultur und Geschichte im europäischen Nordosten vom 20.-22. September 2001 in Tallinn

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lawaty, Andreas

2011-01-01

Arvustus : Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion. Beiträge des III. Internationalen Symposiums zur deutschen Kultur und Geschichte im europäischen Nordosten vom 20.-22. September 2001 in Tallinn. Lübeck : Verlag Schmidt-Römhild 2006. (Veröffentlihungen der Aue-Stiftung. 17)

Eesti Gaas. Inspection of Kohtal-Jaerve - Tallinn pipeline. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-11-01

The project `Inspection of Pipelines in Estonia` was funded by Danish government and was carried out in collaboration between DONG, Balslev and FORCE. By agreement between Eesti Gaas and DONG, the pipeline system between Kohtla-Jaerve and Tallinn was selected for inspection. This pipeline system has a total length of 176.9 km. The objective of the project has been, based on detailed inspection of relative short lengths of pipe, to determine the integrity of the pipeline and to give advice concerning the continued use as a high pressure transmission pipeline. The objectives have been met as set out by the project Proposal with the investigation and this report as follows: Based on a document review together with the measurements and observations in the field and in the laboratory, the condition of approximately 5 km of the pipeline has been evaluated; Recommendations are given in this report with the aim of extending the life of the pipeline. A further objective has been to provide know-how transfer in order to permit Eesti Gaas to run similar inspections on other parts of their transmission system. (EG)

Health impact assessment of particulate pollution in Tallinn using fine spatial resolution and modeling techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kimmel Veljo

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Health impact assessments (HIA use information on exposure, baseline mortality/morbidity and exposure-response functions from epidemiological studies in order to quantify the health impacts of existing situations and/or alternative scenarios. The aim of this study was to improve HIA methods for air pollution studies in situations where exposures can be estimated using GIS with high spatial resolution and dispersion modeling approaches. Methods Tallinn was divided into 84 sections according to neighborhoods, with a total population of approx. 390 000 persons. Actual baseline rates for total mortality and hospitalization with cardiovascular and respiratory diagnosis were identified. The exposure to fine particles (PM2.5 from local emissions was defined as the modeled annual levels. The model validation and morbidity assessment were based on 2006 PM10 or PM2.5 levels at 3 monitoring stations. The exposure-response coefficients used were for total mortality 6.2% (95% CI 1.6–11% per 10 μg/m3 increase of annual mean PM2.5 concentration and for the assessment of respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations 1.14% (95% CI 0.62–1.67% and 0.73% (95% CI 0.47–0.93% per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10. The direct costs related to morbidity were calculated according to hospital treatment expenses in 2005 and the cost of premature deaths using the concept of Value of Life Year (VOLY. Results The annual population-weighted-modeled exposure to locally emitted PM2.5 in Tallinn was 11.6 μg/m3. Our analysis showed that it corresponds to 296 (95% CI 76528 premature deaths resulting in 3859 (95% CI 10236636 Years of Life Lost (YLL per year. The average decrease in life-expectancy at birth per resident of Tallinn was estimated to be 0.64 (95% CI 0.17–1.10 years. While in the polluted city centre this may reach 1.17 years, in the least polluted neighborhoods it remains between 0.1 and 0.3 years. When dividing the YLL by the number of

Fraudsters operate and officialdom turns a blind eye: a proposal for controlling stem cell therapy in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Li; Dong, Bing He

2016-09-01

Stem cell tourism-the flow of patients from home countries to destination countries to obtain stem cell treatment-is a growing business in China. Many concerns have been raised regarding fraudsters that operate unsafe stem cell therapies and an officialdom that turns a blind eye to the questionable technology. The Chinese regulatory approach to stem cell research is based on Guidelines and Administrative Measures, rather than legislation, and may have no binding force on certain institutions, such as military hospitals. There is no liability and traceability system and no visible set of penalties for non-compliance in the stem cell legal framework. In addition to the lack of safety and efficacy systems in the regulations, no specific expert authority has been established to monitor stem cell therapy to date. Recognizing the global nature of stem cell tourism, this article argues that resolving stem cell tourism issues may require not only the Chinese government but also an international mechanism for transparency and ethical oversight. A stringent set of international regulations that govern stem cell therapies can encourage China to improve stem cell regulation and enforcement to fulfill its obligations. Through an international consensus, a minimum standard for clinical stem cell research and a central enforcement system will be provided. As a result, rogue clinics that conduct unauthorized stem cell therapies can be penalized, and countries that are reluctant to implement the reconciled regulations should be sanctioned.

[Kreem, Juhan. Sketches of a Clerk. Pen-and-ink Drawings in the Margins of the Medieval Accoung Books of Reval (Tallinn)] / Anu Mänd

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mänd, Anu, 1968-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Kreem, Juhan. Sketches of a Clerk. Pen-and-ink Drawings in the Margins of the Medieval Accoung Books of Reval (Tallinn). (Krems, 2006). Juhan Kreemi raamat käsitleb Tallinna rae keskaegsetes arveraamatutes leiduvaid sulejoonistusi. Autor on välja selgitanud nende, esmapilgul juhuslikena näivate joonistuste otstarbe ning püüdnud nende kaudu avada tolleaegsete linnaametnike mõttemalle

[Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion : Beiträge des III. Internationalen Symposiums zur Deutschen Kultur und Geschichte im Europäischen Nordosten vom 20. - 22. September 2001 in Tallinn (Estland)] / Janet Laidla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laidla, Janet, 1982-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Nordosteuropa als Geschichtsregion : Beiträge des III. Internationalen Symposiums zur Deutschen Kultur und Geschichte im Europäischen Nordosten vom 20. - 22. September 2001 in Tallinn (Estland). (Helsinki : Aue-Stiftung ; Lübeck : Scmidt-Römhild, 2006)

Intrastromal Injection of China Painting Ink in Corneas of Male Rabbits: Clinical and Histological Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Alsmman Hassan, Alahmady Hamad; Abd Elhaliem Soliman, Nesreen Gamal-Eldeen

2016-01-01

Background. Many patients with corneal opacity or complicated cataract in blind eye ask for cosmoses. In this study we tried to investigate the staining of corneas of male rabbits by Rotring China painting ink and to study the histological changes. Method. 10 eyes of 10 male Baladi Egyptian rabbits were injected (0.1 mL) intrastromally in the cornea by the use of China painting ink (Rotring Tinta China) through insulin syringe (27-gauge needle) by single injection; clinical follow-up is for 6 months and lastly the rabbits were scarified and the stained eyes were enucleated for histological analysis. Results. Clinically the stain was stable in color and distribution in corneas with no major complications. Histological results of the stained rabbit corneas showed blackish pigmentation in the corneal stroma without any inflammatory cellular infiltration. Some fibroblast cells had pigment granules in their cytoplasm in the adjacent layers. Conclusion. Corneal staining by China painting ink is effective and safe in staining of male rabbits cornea; however further study in human corneas with longer follow-up period is advisable.

Intrastromal Injection of China Painting Ink in Corneas of Male Rabbits: Clinical and Histological Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alahmady Hamad Alsmman Hassan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Many patients with corneal opacity or complicated cataract in blind eye ask for cosmoses. In this study we tried to investigate the staining of corneas of male rabbits by Rotring China painting ink and to study the histological changes. Method. 10 eyes of 10 male Baladi Egyptian rabbits were injected (0.1 mL intrastromally in the cornea by the use of China painting ink (Rotring Tinta China through insulin syringe (27-gauge needle by single injection; clinical follow-up is for 6 months and lastly the rabbits were scarified and the stained eyes were enucleated for histological analysis. Results. Clinically the stain was stable in color and distribution in corneas with no major complications. Histological results of the stained rabbit corneas showed blackish pigmentation in the corneal stroma without any inflammatory cellular infiltration. Some fibroblast cells had pigment granules in their cytoplasm in the adjacent layers. Conclusion. Corneal staining by China painting ink is effective and safe in staining of male rabbits cornea; however further study in human corneas with longer follow-up period is advisable.

[The status quo and expectation of optometry research in China].

Science.gov (United States)

Qu, Jia

2015-01-01

The eye care problems related to optometry involve a wide range, including visual problems during eye disease recovery, visual quality in surgical or non-surgical refractive corrections, and the etiological investigation of functional eye diseases like myopia. This article covers the current challenges to visual health care and the academic developments and contributions of optometry in China, including fundamental researches of myopia, refractive surgery and visual quality, and functional eye disease investigations. Some of the researches have certain impacts both domestically and overseas. Furthermore, scientific evidences to solve clinical problems and the current academic focuses that we should pay attention to are provided.

Epidemiologic survey of eye in Cangzhou school children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Li-Dong Yang

2014-05-01

Full Text Available AIM:To investigate the common ocular diseases in school children age of 6 to 14 years old in Cangzhou, Hebei, China and find the relative risk factors. METHODS:From March 2011 to October 2012, 20 schools including 1 and 6 grade school children were randomly selected as survey venues by Cangzhou Eye Hosipital. Then, 3 150 people as the selected residents were enrolled, which was figured out through the random cluster sampling procedure. Every participant completed questionnaire, and a series of examination. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:Totally 3 150 residents finally took part in this study.(1There were 2672 eyes suffered lower vision CONCLUSION:The rate of low vision in school children is higher, among these the rate of myopia is the highest. All these result suggested: Family and community should pay sufficient attention to conduct children's eye health and prepare a balanced behaviour, to prevent the occurrence of ophthalmopathy.

[Emphasis on standardization and refinement in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye].

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Z G

2017-09-11

Dry eye is the second most common ocular disease. In China, the incidence rate of dry eye has reached 21% to 30%, and dry eye patients have accounted for more than 30% of the total ophthalmology outpatients. Dry eye has become a common health problem that affects the working efficiency and life quality of Chinese people. Over the past decade, due to the rapid development of diagnostic equipments and new treatments for dry eye, dry eye has become one of the areas with greatest concerns in ophthalmology, and many eye institutions have set up their dry eye clinics. Although the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye has been improved in recent years, the awareness of dry eye in Chinese ophthalmologists is still too simple. In the diagnosis, the interrogation and basic examination are not given enough attention, and we are over-relying on equipments. Clinical examination and instrument operation also have not been standardized. This article emphasizes that we should pay attention to the interrogation, basic examination and standardization of clinical examination and equipment operation in diagnosing dry eye. The treatment regimen should be mostly refined and optimized to be individualized and comprehensive based on the causes, types and severity of dry eye. In addition, the physical and adjuvant therapy of dry eye should be given sufficient attention and applied reasonably. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 641-644) .

JPRS Report China

Science.gov (United States)

1988-10-05

the diatomite deposit is one of the largest in the world. But for various reasons, China’s stone products industry still remains backward despite...conservancy construction and strive to improve the conditions for agricultural production. 3. Do a good job in improving the soil and its fertility. 4...Beijing Steelworks Eyes World Market, ’International Prestige’ 23 Export Volume in Beijing Sets Record 24 Guangdong Regulations Stimulate

Clinical characterisation and cytological study of dry eye in patients with autoimmune disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Guannan, Huang; Long, Su; Xia, Hua; Dong, Wang; Shaozhen, Zhao

2018-03-01

To assess the clinical characteristics and changes in ocular surface cytology of dry eye in patients with systemic autoimmune disease. The case-control study was conducted in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, from February 2016 to January 2017, and comprised systemic autoimmune disease patients and healthy controls. Schirmer's I test, tear breakup time test, and fluorescein staining were performed on all subjects. Both groups were evaluated for dry eye with the current diagnostic criteria. Conjunctival impression cytology and the morphology of epithelial cells were observed in both groups of subjects. Flow cytometry was used to identify the amount of apoptosis. SPSS 15 was used to analyse the data. Each of the two groups had 60(50%) subjects each. The morbidity of dry eye in the control group was 17(28.3%), while it was 31(51.7%) in the patients (pdry eye, the severity level of cells obtained by conjunctival impression sampling was significantly higher in patients than in controls (pdry eye than in patients without dry eye in each group, and among patients with dry eye, the percentage of conjunctival epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis was higher in the patients than in controls (pdry eye in systemic autoimmune disease than in subjects with dry eye in healthy controls.

Copenhagen commitments and implications: A comparative analysis of India and China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vazhayil, Joy P.; Balasubramanian, R.

2010-01-01

Dynamic targets have been long advocated as a participatory tool for developing countries in climate change mitigation. Copenhagen commitments of India and China resume this trend after the unsuccessful attempt of Argentina a decade ago. However, linear intensity targets are prone to 'hot air' problems or non-compliance risks. Intensity targets of India and China are analyzed using their elasticity parameters. The relationship of these parameters to the structural nature of emissions and GDP profiles has been demonstrated and a method of comparing the probability indices of target achievement has been formulated in this paper, showing a lower probability for China compared to India. Similarly, a method of defining stringency factor for linear targets has been suggested and stringency factors evaluated for India (40%) and China (90%), which shows the relative stability of India's targets. This paper evaluates an energy-GDP-emissions index (EYE index) to indicate the extent of coupling/decoupling of economic growth from emissions. The three indices developed in this paper, namely, elasticity parameter, stringency factor and EYE index can be effectively used to analyze the economy-emissions relationships for policy making and target setting. - Research Highlights: → Copenhagen targets' stringency lower for India compared to China. → Probability of achieving linear intensity target depends on elasticity of emissions. → Estimated GDP elasticity of emissions higher for India indicating higher probability. →Energy-GDP-Emissions index shows greater decoupling of growth and emissions in China. →Indexed intensity target more suitable for China.

Study on the etched carnelian beads unearthed in China

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Deyun Zhao

2014-01-01

Etched carnelian beads originated in the Indus Civilization;this kind of ornaments and its manufacturing techniques were spread to the whole Eurasia Continent.The etched carnelian beads unearthed in China can be classified into four types,the comparisons of which to their foreign counterparts may reveal their different sources and diffusion routes.The etched carnelian beads and their glass imitations unearthed in China had influences to the making of the glass "eye beads" in

Copenhagen commitments and implications. A comparative analysis of India and China

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazhayil, Joy P.; Balasubramanian, R. [Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi-110 016 (India)

2010-11-15

Dynamic targets have been long advocated as a participatory tool for developing countries in climate change mitigation. Copenhagen commitments of India and China resume this trend after the unsuccessful attempt of Argentina a decade ago. However, linear intensity targets are prone to 'hot air' problems or non-compliance risks. Intensity targets of India and China are analyzed using their elasticity parameters. The relationship of these parameters to the structural nature of emissions and GDP profiles has been demonstrated and a method of comparing the probability indices of target achievement has been formulated in this paper, showing a lower probability for China compared to India. Similarly, a method of defining stringency factor for linear targets has been suggested and stringency factors evaluated for India (40%) and China (90%), which shows the relative stability of India's targets. This paper evaluates an energy-GDP-emissions index (EYE index) to indicate the extent of coupling/decoupling of economic growth from emissions. The three indices developed in this paper, namely, elasticity parameter, stringency factor and EYE index can be effectively used to analyze the economy-emissions relationships for policy making and target setting. (author)

Spectacles need and ownership among multiethnic students in rural China.

Science.gov (United States)

Qian, D-J; Zhong, H; Nie, Q; Li, J; Yuan, Y; Pan, C-W

2018-04-01

The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and associated factors of spectacles need and ownership among multiethnic school students in rural China. School-based cross-sectional study. This school-based eye study was conducted in Yunnan province located in Southwestern China. Questionnaires were filled out by children with the help of their parents concerning demographic characteristics, spectacles usage, and myopia-related lifestyle exposures. Spectacles need was defined as participants who had an uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of less than 6/12 but could be corrected to more than 6/12 in the better-seeing eye, with myopia of less than -0.5 diopters (D), hyperopia of more than +2.0 D, or astigmatism of more than 0.75 D in both eyes. Definition of spectacles ownership was based on spectacles wearing at school on the examination day. Among the 7681 students aged 5-16 years participating in this study, 7166 (93.3% of the study participants) successfully completed VA tests and questionnaires. The rate of spectacles need among children with an uncorrected VA of 6/12 or worse in either eye was 68.3% (623/912). Among the students who needed spectacles, only 18.9% owned them. Multivariate analyses revealed that spectacles ownership was significantly associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.55), more time on reading and writing (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.15-2.40), having myopic friend(s) (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.01-3.56), self-awareness of myopia (OR: 6.67; 95% CI: 2.48-17.92), and poorer uncorrected VA (OR: 4.57; 95% CI: 2.78-7.52). We observed a lower rate of spectacles ownership among rural children compared with those of similar ages in urban China. These findings may have important public health implications for China and other countries regarding vision-related health resources allocation. Copyright © 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ethnic Variations in Central Corneal Thickness in a Rural Population in China: The Yunnan Minority Eye Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Chen-Wei; Li, Jun; Zhong, Hua; Shen, Wei; Niu, Zhiqiang; Yuan, Yuansheng; Chen, Qin

2015-01-01

To describe the ethnic differences in central corneal thickness (CCT) in population-based samples of ethnic Bai, Yi and Han people living in rural China. 6504 adults (2119 ethnic Bai, 2202 ethnic Yi and 2183 ethnic Han) aged 50 years or older participated in the study. Each subject underwent standardized ocular examinations and interviewer-administered questionnaires for risk factor assessment. CCT was measured for both eyes using an ultrasound pachymeter. Regression and principal component analysis were performed to examine the relationship of ethnicity and other factors with CCT. The mean CCT readings were 536.4 ± 34.2 μm in ethnic Bai, 532.1 ± 32.1 μm in ethnic Yi and 529.6 ± 32.7 μm in ethnic Han adults (Pethnic groups. In multivariate linear regression models, increasing CCT was associated with younger age (Pethnicity, greater body mass index (PEthnicity contributed significantly to presence of thin cornea (60%; Pethnic groups. This study of more than 6500 multiethnic participants demonstrates significant ethnic variations in CCT, with Han ethnicity having the thinnest cornea compared with ethnic minorities. These data are essential to guide future multiethnic clinical trials on CCT-related ocular conditions such as glaucoma.

China building energy consumption: Situation, challenges and corresponding measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, W.G.; Wu, Y.; Zhong, Y.; Ren, H.

2009-01-01

As one of the biggest parts of total national energy consumption (TNEC), building energy consumption (BEC) catches public eyes and has been regarded as a crucial problem of the current society. For the past 20 years, BEC in china has been increasing at a high speed. To curb the rapid growing of BEC, china has enforced and implemented a series of policies. These include enforcing BEC constraints on new building projects, promoting more environment friendly building designs, establishing a more sophisticated legislation for building energy conservation, and increasing the total budget in the area of BEC control. This article analyzed china BEC situation and the challenges. As the main point, the measures required by China government to improve building energy efficiency were introduced as well.

EyeMusic: Making Music with the Eyes

OpenAIRE

Hornof, Anthony J.; Sato, Linda

2004-01-01

Though musical performers routinely use eye movements to communicate with each other during musical performances, very few performers or composers have used eye tracking devices to direct musical compositions and performances. EyeMusic is a system that uses eye movements as an input to electronic music compositions. The eye movements can directly control the music, or the music can respond to the eyes moving around a visual scene. EyeMusic is implemented so that any composer using established...

Efficacy of convenience sampling through the internet versus respondent driven sampling among males who have sex with males in Tallinn and Harju County, Estonia: challenges reaching a hidden population.

Science.gov (United States)

Johnston, Lisa Grazina; Trummal, Aire; Lohmus, Liilia; Ravalepik, Ardi

2009-09-01

This paper examines challenges obtaining representative samples of males who have sex with males (MSM) in Estonia and provides descriptive HIV behavioral data gathered from four cross-sectional surveys; three using the internet, and one using respondent driven sampling (RDS) to recruit MSM in Tallinn and Harju County. Estonian MSM were sampled between March and May in 2004 (n=193), August and November in 2005 (n=146) and September and December in 2007 (n=238) using internet websites. MSM in Tallinn and Harju County were sampled between April and June in 2007 (n=59) using RDS. Recruitment of MSM using RDS did not acquire the calculated sample size. The RDS study reached a less diverse group of MSM than did the internet studies which recruited a larger proportion of MSM who were older, bisexual, having female sexual partners during the last six months, and unlikely to have been tested for HIV. The findings and observations presented in this paper could inform researchers in Estonia, and the region, about the efficacy of and socio-cultural challenges to sampling MSM to collect HIV biological and/or behavioral data.

Connecting eye to eye

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dau, Susanne; Rask, Anders Bindslev

2017-01-01

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is used a frame for supporting online and blended learning in educations. The online communication and collaboration are afforded by the social collaboration. However, the social collaboration is based on the establishment of direct eye contact...... (Khalid, Deska & Hugenberg, 2016), but direct eye contact is challenged by the position of the digital devices and thus CSCL. Lack of eye contact is the chief contributor to the negative effects of online disinhibition (Lapidot-Lefler & Barak, 2012) and the problem is the location of the web camera...... at the computer. Eye contact is challenged by the displacement between the senders´ and receivers´ focus on the screen picture and the camera's location at the top or bottom of screens on all digital devices. The aim of this paper is accordingly to investigate the influence of the displacement in eye contact...

Jasper Sharp - mees, kes jättis varasema töö, et vaadata Jaapani filme / Jasper Sharp ; intervjueerinud Helen Merila

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sharp, Jasper, 1971-

2011-01-01

Euroopa kultuuripealinn Tallinn 2011 programmi osana ning koostöös Zipangu Fest'iga korraldatakse Tallinna Kinomajas 25.-28. aug.-ni Aasia sõltumatute filmide festival EVA - East via Asia. Festivali kuraator, veebisaidi Midnight Eye kaastoimetaja Jasper Sharp endast, festivalist, Jaapani sõltumatust kinost tänapäeval. Festivali kava

Eye Allergies

Science.gov (United States)

... Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Eye Allergies Sections What Are Eye Allergies? Eye Allergy Symptoms ... allergy diagnosis Eye allergy treatment What Are Eye Allergies? Leer en Español: ¿Qué son las alergias de ...

Dry Eye

Science.gov (United States)

... Eye » Facts About Dry Eye Listen Facts About Dry Eye Fact Sheet Blurb The National Eye Institute (NEI) ... and their families search for general information about dry eye. An eye care professional who has examined the ...

Fatal traffic injuries among children and adolescents in three cities (capital Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn).

Science.gov (United States)

Töro, Klára; Szilvia, Fehér; György, Dunay; Pauliukevicius, Alvydas; Caplinskiene, Marija; Raudys, Romas; Lepik, Delia; Tuusov, Jana; Vali, Marika

2011-05-01

Motor vehicle accidental injuries are a frequent cause of death among young children and adolescents. The goal of this study was to compare patterns of injury between three capitals (Budapest, Vilnius, and Tallinn). Information on 190 fatal traffic accidents (69 pedestrians, 14 bicyclists, and 107 motor vehicle occupants) between 2002 and 2006 was collected from databases of medico-legal autopsies. The role of victims in accidents, the location of injuries, cause of death, survival period, and blood alcohol levels were evaluated. One-hundred and forty-one (74%) victims had a passive role in traffic as pedestrians, passengers in cars, or public transport. In victims who died at the scene, the rate of head injury was higher than in cases who received medical treatment (odds ratio = 2.58, CI = 1.2-5.55, p = 0.0127). These results underline the importance of postmortem studies to examine the pathomechanism of fatal traffic accidental injuries and to provide information for the prevention of road traffic accidents against children and adolescents. © 2011 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Social experience does not abolish cultural diversity in eye movements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David J Kelly

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Adults from Eastern (e.g., China and Western (e.g., USA cultural groups display pronounced differences in a range of visual processing tasks. For example, the eye movement strategies used for information extraction during a variety of face processing tasks (e.g., identification and facial expressions of emotion categorization differs across cultural groups. Currently, many of the differences reported in previous studies have asserted that culture itself is responsible for shaping the way we process visual information, yet this has never been directly investigated. In the current study, we assessed the relative contribution of genetic and cultural factors by testing face processing in a population of British Born Chinese (BBC adults using face recognition and expression classification tasks. Contrary to predictions made by the cultural differences framework, the majority of BBC adults deployed ‘Eastern’ eye movement strategies, while approximately 25% of participants displayed ‘Western’ strategies. Furthermore, the cultural eye movement strategies used by individuals were consistent across recognition and expression tasks. These findings suggest that ‘culture’ alone cannot straightforwardly account for diversity in eye movement patterns. Instead a more complex understanding of how the environment and individual experiences can influence the mechanisms that govern visual processing is required.

Biometric measurements in highly myopic eyes.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Peiyang; Zheng, Yingfeng; Ding, Xiaohu; Liu, Bin; Congdon, Nathan; Morgan, Ian; He, Mingguang

2013-02-01

To assess the repeatability and accuracy of optical biometry (Lenstar LS900 optical low-coherence reflectometry [OLCR] and IOLMaster partial coherence interferometry [PCI]) and applanation ultrasound biometry in highly myopic eyes. Division of Preventive Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China. Comparative evaluation of diagnostic technology. Biometric measurements were taken in highly myopic subjects with a spherical equivalent (SE) of -6.00 diopters (D) or higher and an axial length (AL) longer than 25.0 mm. Measurements of AL and anterior chamber depth (ACD) obtained by OLCR were compared with those obtained by PCI and applanation A-scan ultrasound. Right eyes were analyzed. Repeatability was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CoV) and agreement, using Bland-Altman analyses. The mean SE was -11.20 D ± 4.65 (SD). The CoVs for repeated AL measurements using OLCR, PCI, and applanation ultrasound were 0.06%, 0.07%, and 0.20%, respectively. The limits of agreement (LoA) for AL were 0.11 mm between OLCR and PCI, 1.01 mm between OLCR and applanation ultrasound, and 1.03 mm between PCI and ultrasound. The ACD values were 0.29 mm, 0.53 mm, and 0.51 mm, respectively. These repeatability and agreement results were comparable in eyes with extreme myopia (AL ≥ 27.0 mm) or posterior staphyloma. The mean radius of corneal curvature was similar between OLCR and PCI (7.66 ± 0.24 mm versus 7.64 ± 0.25 mm), with an LoA of 0.12 mm. Optical biometry provided more repeatable and precise measurements of biometric parameters, including AL and ACD, than applanation ultrasound biometry in highly myopic eyes. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2012 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL STATUS AND ETHNICITY ON DIET IN MEDIAEVAL TALLINN AS SEEN THROUGH STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lightfoot, Emma; Naum, Magdalena; Kadakas, Villu

2016-01-01

, for comparative purposes. The individuals were investigated using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope analysis. The results indicate that while all analysed individuals consumed diets based on C3 plants and animals consuming C3 plants, some individuals also consumed small amounts of C4 plants (likely......Food encodes social and cultural values and has an important role to play in defining identities. In mixed populations, diet can be used to distinguish between ‘us’ and ‘them’. This study investigates the extent to which the inhabitants of mediaeval Tallinn, an important trading centre, used food...... millet) or seafood. C 4 plants were consumed by the urban residents buried at the Church of the Holy Spirit and one or two individuals from Sulevimägi. It is thought that millet was an imported food consumed by the middle class. Marine foods were consumed by the individuals at St Catherine’s Church...

With all eyes on China, Singapore makes its own Arctic moves

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Burke, Danita Catherine; Saramago, Andre

2018-01-01

forum, focused on issues of environmental protection and sustainable development. Of these four Asian states, China receives the most media attention, for a number of obvious reasons, such as the size of the country’s growing economy and its expanding Arctic capabilities, including icebreakers....

Method for Pedestrian Crossing Risk Assessment and Safety Level Determination: the Case Study of Tallinn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pashkevich, M.; Krasilnikova, A.; Antov, D.

2016-07-01

Pedestrians are a part of vulnerable road users which safety requires a special attention. Official statistics in Estonia from the last decade returns the following numbers: around 30 % of all road traffic accidents in the country were accidents with pedestrians, 32 % of all traffic fatalities were finished with pedestrian death. Pedestrian crossing has the biggest risk level between all kinds of pedestrian facilities, because it includes a direct conflict point between vehicle and pedestrian traffics. The article presents a method to assess risk of pedestrian crossing users and to determine safety level of this road infrastructure element. This approach is based on observation and collection of infrastructural as well as traffic data, which includes: (1) information about each pedestrian crossing facility, its location and state, (2) data about accidents with pedestrians and their features, (3) data from road traffic measurements. The main advantages of the described method are universality and comprehensiveness. The case study was done in Kristiine district of the city Tallinn, which was chosen as the most typical average district of Estonian capital. Results of this study are also presented in the article. (Author)

TRENDS IN URBAN STORM WATER QUALITY IN TALLINN AND INFLUENCES FROM STORMFLOW AND BASEFLOW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bharat Maharjan

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Temporal trends provide a good interpretation of change in stormwater quality over time. This study aimed to analyse trends and influences due to stormflow and baseflow. Grab samples of 18-19 years from 1995 to 2014 recorded at outlets of 7 Tallinn watersheds were analysed for monotonic trend through seasonal Mann Kendall test for long-term, short-term, baseflow and stormflow. Statistically significant downward trends (P-value (p 0.05 and < 0.2 for 3 – SS, 1 – BOD, 1 – TN and 1 – TP were identified. Statistically significant long-term upward trends of pH were revealed in 5 basins, which reduced to 2 with 5 less significant upward trends over the 10 year period, indicating improvements in pH reduction. Härjapea has the highest pH without trend but it includes an upward trend of TN at p = 0.051. The highly possible causes for downward trends are street sweeping, sewer network improvement, decline in sub-urban agricultural areas, etc. The upward trend results of pH are related to increased alkalinisation due to acidic rain, weathering of carbonate rocks, sewage discharge and alkaline road dust. In most of the basins, stormflow has more influence on trends than baseflow.

Eye Protection

OpenAIRE

Pashby, Tom

1986-01-01

Eye injuries frequently occur in the home, at work and at play. Many result in legally blind eyes, and most are preventable. Awareness of potential hazards is essential to preventing eye injuries, particularly in children. In addition, protective devices must be used appropriately. We have developed eye protectors that have proved effective in reducing both the overall incidence and the severity of sports eye injuries.

Diabetes eye exams

Science.gov (United States)

Diabetic retinopathy - eye exams; Diabetes - eye exams; Glaucoma - diabetic eye exam; Macular edema - diabetic eye exam ... if the doctor who takes care of your diabetes checks your eyes, you need an eye exam ...

A bird's eye view of the air pollution-cancer link in China

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yu-Bei; Song, Feng-Ju; Liu, Qun; Li, Wei-Qin; Zhang, Wei; Chen, Ke-Xin

2014-01-01

Air pollution in China comes from multiple sources, including coal consumption, construction and industrial dust, and vehicle exhaust. Coal consumption in particular directly determines the emissions of three major air pollutants: dust, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The rapidly increasing number of civilian vehicles is expected to bring NOx emission to a very high level. Contrary to expectations, however, existing data show that the concentrations of major pollutants [particulate matter-10 (PM10), SO2, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] in several large Chinese cities have declined during the past decades, though they still exceed the national standards of ambient air quality. Archived data from China does not fully support that the concentrations of pollutants directly depend on local emissions, but this is likely due to inaccurate measurement of pollutants. Analyses on the cancer registry data show that cancer burden related to air pollution is on the rise in China and will likely increase further, but there is a lack of data to accurately predict the cancer burden. Past experience from other countries has sounded alarm of the link between air pollution and cancer. The quantitative association requires dedicated research as well as establishment of needed monitoring infrastructures and cancer registries. The air pollution-cancer link is a serious public health issue that needs urgent investigation. PMID:24636232

Eye Absence Does Not Regulate Planarian Stem Cells during Eye Regeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

LoCascio, Samuel A; Lapan, Sylvain W; Reddien, Peter W

2017-02-27

Dividing cells called neoblasts contain pluripotent stem cells and drive planarian flatworm regeneration from diverse injuries. A long-standing question is whether neoblasts directly sense and respond to the identity of missing tissues during regeneration. We used the eye to investigate this question. Surprisingly, eye removal was neither sufficient nor necessary for neoblasts to increase eye progenitor production. Neoblasts normally increase eye progenitor production following decapitation, facilitating regeneration. Eye removal alone, however, did not induce this response. Eye regeneration following eye-specific resection resulted from homeostatic rates of eye progenitor production and less cell death in the regenerating eye. Conversely, large head injuries that left eyes intact increased eye progenitor production. Large injuries also non-specifically increased progenitor production for multiple uninjured tissues. We propose a model for eye regeneration in which eye tissue production by planarian stem cells is not directly regulated by the absence of the eye itself. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure among medical university students in Northeast China.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Qian; Liu, Guangcong; Liu, Yang

2014-11-01

To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the health effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and sun exposure among medical university students in Northeast China, 385 subjects were investigated on October 2013 using a self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire. Most of the subjects knew the effects of UVR on skin cancer (95.6%) and sunburn (92.2%), but fewer knew of the eye damage that can result from UVR (27.8% cataract and 3.1% pterygium). Correspondingly, the main purpose of adopting sun protection was considered to be 'preventing sunburn' (55.4%), but 'preventing eye damage' was the least (1.8%). In actual behaviour, the eyes received the least protection as well. Although knowing the effects of UVR on vitamin D synthesis (87.3%), 66.8% of participants never or seldom increased sun exposure. Compared to men, women were more likely to reduce sun exposure (Pattractive. Considering the response variability to UVR in people with different skin colours, different sun protection programs should be provided. In China, especially in the North, the public should be educated to moderately increase sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status while also protecting against eye damage from UVR. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Eyes Wide Open

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoi Manesi

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Research from evolutionary psychology suggests that the mere presence of eye images can promote prosocial behavior. However, the “eye images effect” is a source of considerable debate, and findings across studies have yielded somewhat inconsistent support. We suggest that one critical factor may be whether the eyes really need to be watching to effectively enhance prosocial behavior. In three experiments, we investigated the impact of eye images on prosocial behavior, assessed in a laboratory setting. Participants were randomly assigned to view an image of watching eyes (eyes with direct gaze, an image of nonwatching eyes (i.e., eyes closed for Study 1 and averted eyes for Studies 2 and 3, or an image of flowers (control condition. Upon exposure to the stimuli, participants decided whether or not to help another participant by completing a dull cognitive task. Three independent studies produced somewhat mixed results. However, combined analysis of all three studies, with a total of 612 participants, showed that the watching component of the eyes is important for decision-making in this context. Images of watching eyes led to significantly greater inclination to offer help as compared to images of nonwatching eyes (i.e., eyes closed and averted eyes or images of flowers. These findings suggest that eyes gazing at an individual, rather than any proxy to social presence (e.g., just the eyes, serve as a reminder of reputation. Taken together, we conclude that it is “eyes that pay attention” that can lift the veil of anonymity and potentially facilitate prosocial behavior.

EyeGENE

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — The eyeGENE® Biorepository and corresponding Database contain family history and clinical eye exam data from subjects enrolled in eyeGENE® Program coupled to...

Bags Under Eyes

Science.gov (United States)

Bags under eyes Overview Bags under eyes — mild swelling or puffiness under the eyes — are common as you age. With aging, the tissues around your ... space below your eyes, adding to the swelling. Bags under eyes are usually a cosmetic concern and ...

Refractive error, visual acuity and causes of vision loss in children in Shandong, China. The Shandong Children Eye Study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jian Feng Wu

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of refractive errors and prevalence and causes of vision loss among preschool and school children in East China. METHODS: Using a random cluster sampling in a cross-sectional school-based study design, children with an age of 4-18 years were selected from kindergartens, primary schools, and junior and senior high schools in the rural Guanxian County and the city of Weihai. All children underwent a complete ocular examination including measurement of uncorrected (UCVA and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA and auto-refractometry under cycloplegia. Myopia was defined as refractive error of ≤-0.5 diopters (D, high myopia as ≤ -6.0D, and amblyopia as BCVA ≤ 20/32 without any obvious reason for vision reduction and with strabismus or refractive errors as potential reasons. RESULTS: Out of 6364 eligible children, 6026 (94.7% children participated. Prevalence of myopia (overall: 36.9 ± 0.6%;95% confidence interval (CI:36.0,38.0 increased (P<0.001 from 1.7 ± 1.2% (95%CI:0.0,4.0 in the 4-years olds to 84.6 ± 3.2% (95%CI:78.0,91.0 in 17-years olds. Myopia was associated with older age (OR:1.56;95%CI:1.52,1.60;P<0.001, female gender (OR:1.22;95%CI:1.08,1.39;P = 0.002 and urban region (OR:2.88;95%CI:2.53,3.29;P<0.001. Prevalence of high myopia (2.0 ± 0.2% increased from 0.7 ± 0.3% (95%CI:0.1,1.3 in 10-years olds to 13.9 ± 3.0 (95%CI:7.8,19.9 in 17-years olds. It was associated with older age (OR:1.50;95%CI:1.41,1.60;P<0.001 and urban region (OR:3.11;95%CI:2.08,4.66;P<0.001. Astigmatism (≥ 0.75D (36.3 ± 0.6%;95%CI:35.0,38.0 was associated with older age (P<0.001;OR:1.06;95%CI:1.04,1.09, more myopic refractive error (P<0.001;OR:0.94;95%CI:0.91,0.97 and urban region (P<0.001;OR:1.47;95%CI:1.31,1.64. BCVA was ≤ 20/40 in the better eye in 19 (0.32% children. UCVA ≤ 20/40 in at least one eye was found in 2046 (34.05% children, with undercorrected refractive error as cause in 1975 (32.9% children. Amblyopia

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Dry Eye Sections What Is Dry Eye? Dry Eye Symptoms ... Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué es el ojo seco? ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Stories Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Dry Eye Sections What Is Dry Eye? Dry Eye Symptoms ... of Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué es el ojo seco? ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Ask a Scientist Video Series Glossary The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and Safety First Aid Tips Healthy Vision Tips Protective Eyewear Sports and Your Eyes Fun Stuff Cool Eye Tricks Links to More Information Optical Illusions Printables About the Eye Your eyes ...

Willingness to Pay for Cataract Surgery Provided by a Senior Surgeon in Urban Southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Mei; Zuo, Yajing; Lin, Xianhua; Ling, Yunlan; Lin, Xiaofeng; Li, Mingge; Lamoureux, Ecosse; Zheng, Yingfeng

2015-01-01

To study willingness to pay for cataract surgery and surgical service provided by a senior cataract surgeon in urban Southern China. This study was a cross-sectional willingness-to-pay (WTP) interview using bidding formats. Two-hundred eleven persons with presenting visual impairment in either eye due to cataract were enrolled at a tertiary eye hospital. Participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and a WTP interview for both surgery and service provided by a senior surgeon. Demographic information, socioeconomic status and clinical data were recorded. Among 211 (98% response rate) persons completing the interview, 53.6% were women and 80.6% were retired. About 72.2% had a monthly income lower than 1000 renminbi (US $161). A total of 189 (89.6%) were willing to pay for cataract and the median amount of WTP was 6000 renminbi (US$968). And 102 (50.7%) were willing to pay additional fees for surgery performed by a senior surgeon, and the median amount of WTP was 500 renminbi (US$81). In regression models adjusting for age and gender, persons with preexisting eye diseases other than cataract, were more likely to pay for cataract surgery and service provided by a senior surgeon (P = 0.04 for both). In urban China, cataract patients, especially those with preexisting eye conditions, are willing to pay additional fees for a senior surgeon. Moving to a system where the price of cataract surgery is proportional to the consultant' skill and expertise is possible and may have a potential impact on waiting list and quality of eye care. Further studies are needed to examine the impact of such pricing system on attitudes and choices of cataract patients.

Eye Care Professionals' Perspectives on Eye Donation and an Eye Donation Registry for Research: A Single-Institution, Cross-Sectional Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Andrew M; Allingham, R Rand; Stamer, W Daniel; Muir, Kelly W

2016-06-01

A centralized eye donation registry for research could help to bridge the gap between patients interested in donating their eyes to science and scientists who conduct research on human eye tissue. Previous research has demonstrated patient and family support for such a registry. In this study, we assessed the views that eye care professionals have toward an eye donation registry for research. Surveys were distributed to all 46 clinical faculty members of the Duke University Eye Center. In addition to collecting demographic information, the surveys assessed clinicians' experience with discussing eye donation with patients, described the proposed eye donation registry for research and asked how the registry would affect the clinicians' practice. A total of 21 eye care professionals returned the survey. Thirty-three percent reported discussing eye donation with patients, and 43% reported that a patient has asked about donating their eyes for research on their disease. Eighty-six percent of eye care professionals reported that a centralized registry would improve the way they work with patients who express a desire to donate their eyes for research. The majority of eye care professionals at our academic institution indicated that an eye donation registry for research would improve how they work with patients who are interested in donating their eyes for research on their disease. Future research should examine how best to communicate this registry to ophthalmic patients.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye syndrome among senior high school students in a county of Shandong Province, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ying; Chen, Hongmei; Wu, Xinyi

2012-08-01

To determine the prevalence and risk factors for dry eye syndrome (DES) among senior high school students in Shouguang, a county of Shandong Province, China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2010, and 1902 senior high school students were selected by multi-stage sampling to answer a questionnaire assessing the prevalence and risk factors for DES. DES was defined as the presence of a previous clinical diagnosis of DES or severe symptoms (both dryness and irritation constantly or often). Risk factors associated with DES were evaluated with a χ(2) test and logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of DES was 23.7%. In univariate analysis, myopia (P sleep quality (P = 0.007) were significantly associated with DES. In multivariate analysis, inadequate refractive correction (P sleep quality (P = 0.001, OR 1.342; 95% CI 1.054-1.709) were significant risk factors for DES. Senior high school students are a neglected population with a high prevalence of DES. Preventive measures directed against risks factors for DES among senior high school students may help reduce the prevalence and provide a positive impact on students' health.

Qualitative Assessment of Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Images Using Standard Photographs: The Liwan Eye Study

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Yuzhen; Huang, Wenyong; Huang, Qunxiao; Zhang, Jian; Foster, Paul J.

2010-01-01

Objective. To classify anatomic features related to anterior chamber angles by a qualitative assessment system based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images. Methods. Cases of primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), defined by pigmented trabecular meshwork that is not visible in two or more quadrants on static gonioscopy (cases) and systematically selected subjects (1 of every 10) who did not meet this criterion (controls) were enrolled during a population-based survey in Guangzhou, China. All subjects underwent UBM examination. A set of standard UBM images was used to qualitatively classify anatomic features related to the angle configuration, including iris thickness, iris convexity, iris angulation, ciliary body size, and ciliary process position. All analysis was conducted on right eye images. Results. Based on the qualitative grades, the difference in overall iris thickness between gonioscopically narrow eyes (n = 117) and control eyes (n = 57) was not statistically significant. The peripheral one third of the iris tended to be thicker in all quadrants of the PACS eyes, although the difference was statistically significant only in the superior quadrant (P = 0.008). No significant differences were found in the qualitative classifications of iris insertion, iris angulation, ciliary body size, and ciliary process position. The findings were similar when compared with the control group of eyes with wide angles in all quadrants. Conclusions. Basal iris thickness seems to be more relevant to narrow angle configuration than to overall iris thickness. Otherwise, the anterior rotation and size of the ciliary body, the iris insertion, and the overall iris thickness are comparable in narrow- and wide-angle eyes. PMID:19834039

Gonioscopy in adult Chinese: the Liwan Eye Study.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Mingguang; Foster, Paul J; Ge, Jian; Huang, Wenyong; Wang, Dandan; Friedman, David S; Khaw, Peng T

2006-11-01

To assess gonioscopic characteristics of the drainage angle in adult Chinese in an urban area of southern China. Clustered random sampling was used to select adults aged 50 years and older in Liwan District, Guangzhou. Gonioscopy was performed on all the subjects. The geometric angle width was graded in the superior and inferior quadrants, according to the Spaeth system. In addition, apparent and true iris insertion was classified in four quadrants with static and dynamic gonioscopy. The peripheral iris profile was described as steep, regular, concave, and plateau. Data are presented for all phakic right eyes. Secondary or iatrogenic cases were excluded in the analysis of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS). Among 1405 participants in the study, data from 1330 (95%) right eyes were available for analysis. Iridotrabecular angles (ITA) < or =20 degrees were present in 36.9% (95% CI: 34.3%-40.0%) of eyes superiorly and in 27.9% (95% CI: 25.5%-30.4%) inferiorly. Narrower ITAs were more common in the older people (sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.1 per year of life; P < 0.001) and the women (age-adjusted OR = 2.5, P < 0.001). Apparent iris insertion of grade A or B (with pigmented trabecular meshwork not visible) by quadrant was observed in 27.2% superiorly, 12.0% nasally, 7.7% inferiorly, and 14.2% temporally. Narrow angles (in which pigmented trabecular meshwork was not visible in three or more quadrants) were identified in 11.0% (95% CI: 9.3%-12.7%) of right eyes. Overall, 33.3% of eyes had a steep iris profile, 54.2% were normal, 2.7% were concave, and 10.1% were graded plateau. PAS were seen in 30 of 146 (20.5%) eyes with narrow angles and in 7 (0.6%) of 1184 eyes with angles that did not meet criteria for narrow angles. PAS were more likely with narrower angles, with 0%, 0.3%, and 1.9% of eyes with a mean ITA of 40 degrees, 30 degrees, and 20 degrees, respectively, having PAS as opposed to 12.6% and 27.5% for those with ITA 10 degrees and 0 degrees , respectively

Eye Movement Disorders

Science.gov (United States)

... work properly. There are many kinds of eye movement disorders. Two common ones are Strabismus - a disorder ... in "crossed eyes" or "walleye." Nystagmus - fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes, sometimes called "dancing eyes" Some ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... for Kids >> About the Eye Listen All About Vision About the Eye Ask a Scientist Video Series ... Eye Health and Safety First Aid Tips Healthy Vision Tips Protective Eyewear Sports and Your Eyes Fun ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... eye behind the iris that helps to focus light on the retina. It allows the eye to ... of the eye. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil. Pupil (PYOO- ...

Diabetic Eye Disease

Science.gov (United States)

... Disease, & Other Dental Problems Diabetes & Sexual & Urologic Problems Diabetic Eye Disease What is diabetic eye disease? Diabetic eye disease is a group ... eye diseases that can threaten your sight are Diabetic retinopathy The retina is the inner lining at ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Science.gov (United States)

... Eye? Dry Eye Symptoms Causes of Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué ... Inside of Your Eyelid Nov 29, 2017 New Dry Eye Treatment is a Tear-Jerker Jul 21, 2017 Three ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Eye Health A-Z Symptoms Glasses & Contacts Tips & Prevention News Ask an Ophthalmologist Patient Stories Español Eye ... Eye Symptoms Causes of Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Eye? Dry Eye Symptoms Causes of Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué ... Inside of Your Eyelid Nov 29, 2017 New Dry Eye Treatment is a Tear-Jerker Jul 21, 2017 Three ...

Your Eyes

Science.gov (United States)

... away? If you guessed the eye, you're right! Your eyes are at work from the moment you wake up to the ... the eye is seeing. A Muscle Makes It Work The lens is suspended in ... of the lens. That's right — the lens actually changes shape right inside your ...

Greek mythology: the eye, ophthalmology, eye disease, and blindness.

Science.gov (United States)

Trompoukis, Constantinos; Kourkoutas, Dimitrios

2007-06-01

In distant eras, mythology was a form of expression used by many peoples. A study of the Greek myths reveals concealed medical knowledge, in many cases relating to the eye. An analysis was made of the ancient Greek texts for mythological references relating to an understanding of vision, visual abilities, the eye, its congenital and acquired abnormalities, blindness, and eye injuries and their treatment. The Homeric epics contain anatomical descriptions of the eyes and the orbits, and an elementary knowledge of physiology is also apparent. The concept of the visual field can be seen in the myth of Argos Panoptes. Many myths describe external eye disease ("knyzosis"), visual disorders (amaurosis), and cases of blinding that, depending on the story, are ascribed to various causes. In addition, ocular motility abnormalities, congenital anomalies (cyclopia), injuries, and special treatments, such as the "licking" method, are mentioned. The study of mythological references to the eye reveals reliable medical observations of the ancient Greeks, which are concealed within the myths.

Willingness to Pay for Cataract Surgery Provided by a Senior Surgeon in Urban Southern China.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mei Wang

Full Text Available To study willingness to pay for cataract surgery and surgical service provided by a senior cataract surgeon in urban Southern China.This study was a cross-sectional willingness-to-pay (WTP interview using bidding formats. Two-hundred eleven persons with presenting visual impairment in either eye due to cataract were enrolled at a tertiary eye hospital. Participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination and a WTP interview for both surgery and service provided by a senior surgeon. Demographic information, socioeconomic status and clinical data were recorded.Among 211 (98% response rate persons completing the interview, 53.6% were women and 80.6% were retired. About 72.2% had a monthly income lower than 1000 renminbi (US $161. A total of 189 (89.6% were willing to pay for cataract and the median amount of WTP was 6000 renminbi (US$968. And 102 (50.7% were willing to pay additional fees for surgery performed by a senior surgeon, and the median amount of WTP was 500 renminbi (US$81. In regression models adjusting for age and gender, persons with preexisting eye diseases other than cataract, were more likely to pay for cataract surgery and service provided by a senior surgeon (P = 0.04 for both.In urban China, cataract patients, especially those with preexisting eye conditions, are willing to pay additional fees for a senior surgeon. Moving to a system where the price of cataract surgery is proportional to the consultant' skill and expertise is possible and may have a potential impact on waiting list and quality of eye care. Further studies are needed to examine the impact of such pricing system on attitudes and choices of cataract patients.

Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in northeast China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zuo-Feng Guo

2016-05-01

Full Text Available AIM:To analyze the prevalence and presentation patterns of corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candidates of Shenyang in northeast China.METHODS:A retrospective survey was used to study the corneal astigmatism which were measured by intraocular lens(IOLMaster optical biometer before cataract surgery between Jan. 1st, 2014 and Dec. 31st, 2014. Descriptive statistics of corneal astigmatism data were analyzed.RESULTS:The keratometric data from 4 543 eyes from 3 821 patients with a mean age of 66.36±10.38y(SD. In 10.50% of eyes, corneal astigmatism was between 0.5 diopters(Dor less; in 30.05% of eyes, it was 0.5-1.0 D; in 23.60%, it was 1.0-1.5 D; in 13.19%, it was 1.5-2.0 D; in 7.68%, it was 2.0-2.5 D; in 6.41%, it was 2.5-3.0 D; in 8.58%, it was 3.0 D or higher. With-the-rule astigmatism was found in 27.69% of eyes, while against-the-rule was found in 53.84% of eyes.CONCLUSION:About 59.46% of eyes in this study had preoperative corneal astigmatism equal to or above 1.0 D. Findings indicated more surgical techniques or toric intraocular lenses to meet the potential demand of the cataract surgery candidates.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2006-01-01

Arvustus: Krull, Hasso. Loomise mõnu ja kiri. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2006 ; Aleksejev, Tiit. Valge kuningriik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Baturin, Nikolai. Sõnajalg kivis. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2006 ; Nõu, Helga. Ood lastud rebasele. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2006 ; Kaus, Jan. Tema. Tallinn : Tuum, 2006 ; Krull, Hasso. Talv. Tallinn : Tuum, 2006 ; Soomets, Triin. Väljas. Tallinn : Tuum, 2006 ; Kareva, Doris. Aja kuju. Tallinn : Verb, 2006 ; Vint, Toomas. Topeltvalguses. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005 ; Bristol, Piret. Sõud. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005 ; Valton, Arvo. Taltsutatud lammas : jutud. Tallinn : Kirjastuskeskus, 2005 ; Kivastik, Mart. Külmetava kunstniku portreed. Viinistu triloogia. Tartu : Väike Öömuusika, 2006

Wavefront Derived Refraction and Full Eye Biometry in Pseudophakic Eyes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xinjie Mao

Full Text Available To assess wavefront derived refraction and full eye biometry including ciliary muscle dimension and full eye axial geometry in pseudophakic eyes using spectral domain OCT equipped with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor.Twenty-eight adult subjects (32 pseudophakic eyes having recently undergone cataract surgery were enrolled in this study. A custom system combining two optical coherence tomography systems with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor was constructed to image and monitor changes in whole eye biometry, the ciliary muscle and ocular aberration in the pseudophakic eye. A Badal optical channel and a visual target aligning with the wavefront sensor were incorporated into the system for measuring the wavefront-derived refraction. The imaging acquisition was performed twice. The coefficients of repeatability (CoR and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC were calculated.Images were acquired and processed successfully in all patients. No significant difference was detected between repeated measurements of ciliary muscle dimension, full-eye biometry or defocus aberration. The CoR of full-eye biometry ranged from 0.36% to 3.04% and the ICC ranged from 0.981 to 0.999. The CoR for ciliary muscle dimensions ranged from 12.2% to 41.6% and the ICC ranged from 0.767 to 0.919. The defocus aberrations of the two measurements were 0.443 ± 0.534 D and 0.447 ± 0.586 D and the ICC was 0.951.The combined system is capable of measuring full eye biometry and refraction with good repeatability. The system is suitable for future investigation of pseudoaccommodation in the pseudophakic eye.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2004-01-01

Tutvustus: Talvik, Heiti. Legendaarne. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2004 ; Pilter, Lauri. Lohejas pilv : romaan lühijuttudes. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Raud, Rein. Hector ja Bernard. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Ruben, Aarne. Elajas trepi eelastmel. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; fs. 2004. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Normet, Dagmar. ...ainult võti taskus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Künnap, Asko. Ja sisalikud vastasid (kolmes kirjas). Tallinn : Näo Kirik, 2003 ; Kall, Toomas. Armas aeg. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2004 ; Õunapuu, Ervin. Eesti gootika II. Tallinn : Umara, 2004 ; Soomets, Triin. Leping number 2 : luuletusi 2000-2003. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Tuulik, Jüri. Linnusita : [jutustused, lühijutud, näidendid ja vested]. Tallinn : Maalehe Raamat, 2004 ; Raudam, Toomas. Teie. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Härm, Viiu. Keegi teeline : luuletused. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Härm, Viiu. Õhuaken : romaan. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004

Eye Irritation Test of Bovis Calculus Pharmacopuncture Solutions for Eye Drop

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hyeong-sik Seo

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Objective : This study was done to investigate the safety of Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods : The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration (2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the auther observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results : 1. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn’t physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solutionwas medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn’t eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions : I suggested that Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution didn’t induced eye irritation in rabbits.

The role of eye protection in work-related eye injuries.

Science.gov (United States)

Fong, L P; Taouk, Y

1995-05-01

A recent survey of general hospitals by the Victorian Injury Surveillance System found that ocular trauma represented 15% of work-related injuries. As circumstances surrounding occupational eye injuries have been poorly documented previously, their associations to occupation, industry and work-safety practices, including safety eyewear use, need to be identified to develop appropriate preventive strategies for high-risk groups. From a prospective cross-sectional survey of all eye injuries treated at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, work-related cases were analysed for demographic, occupational and safety eye-wear information. Hospital-based data were supplemented by information from WorkCover Authorities and Labour Force statistics to derive incidence and cost estimates. There were 9390 eye injuries during the 18-month survey period; 42% (n=3923) of total and 29% (n=52) of penetrating ocular injuries occurred at work. The most frequently injured were metal, automotive and building trades workers grinding and drilling (41% of outpatients) and hammering (53% of penetrating eye injuries). Automotive workers had the highest frequency for penetrating injuries, and most were exposed to hammering and were also the least likely to wear safety eye-wear. Eye injuries are frequent (10% of work-related injuries) and highly preventable by the correct use of safety eye-wear, a cost-effective intervention that may result in cost savings of $59 million for work-type activities in the occupational and domestic settings in Australia each year.

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Eye Symptoms Causes of Dry Eye Dry Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué ... Your Eyelid Nov 29, 2017 New Dry Eye Treatment is a Tear-Jerker Jul 21, 2017 Three ...

EYE GAZE TRACKING

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2017-01-01

This invention relates to a method of performing eye gaze tracking of at least one eye of a user, by determining the position of the center of the eye, said method comprising the steps of: detecting the position of at least three reflections on said eye, transforming said positions to spanning...... a normalized coordinate system spanning a frame of reference, wherein said transformation is performed based on a bilinear transformation or a non linear transformation e.g. a möbius transformation or a homographic transformation, detecting the position of said center of the eye relative to the position...... of said reflections and transforming this position to said normalized coordinate system, tracking the eye gaze by tracking the movement of said eye in said normalized coordinate system. Thereby calibration of a camera, such as knowledge of the exact position and zoom level of the camera, is avoided...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Tips & Prevention News Ask an Ophthalmologist Patient Stories Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Dry Eye ... Eye Treatment What Is Dry Eye? Leer en Español: ¿Qué es el ojo seco? Written By: Kierstan ...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus, Maret Vaher and Arno Oja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2014-01-01

Arvustus: Kronberg, Janika. Rännud kuue teejuhiga. Tallinn : Go Group, 2013 ; Kallaste, Helen. Kogutud hetked. Tallinn : Verb, 2012 ; Ahi, Eda. Gravitatsioon. Tallinn : Verb, 2013 ; Heinsaar, Mehis. Ülikond. Tallinn : Menu Kirjastus, 2013 ; Kann, Kaja. Eratee. Tallinn : Hea Lugu, 2013 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Maailma otsas. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2013 ; Kurvitz, Robert. Püha ja õudne lõhn. Tallinn : ZA/UM, 2013 ; Mattheus, Ülo. Tema salajane palve. Tallinn : Tuum, 2013 ; Kangro, Maarja. Dantelik auk. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2012

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2013-01-01

Arvustus: Baturin, Nikolai. Lendav hollandlanna. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2012 ; Friedenthal, Meelis. Mesilased. Tallinn : Varrak, 2012 ; Kaus, Jan. Koju. Tallinn : Tuum, 2012 ; Kaldmaa, Kätlin. Armastuse tähestik. Tallinn : NyNorden, 2012 ; Kivastik, Mart. Vietnami retsept. Tartu : Väike Öömuusika, 2012 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Kuidas on elada. Tallinn : Varrak, 2012 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Mandala. Tallinn : Varrak, 2012 ; Riismaa, Kaur. Rebase matmine. Tallinn : Näo Kirik, 2012 ; Vadi, Urmas. Tagasi Eestisse. Saarde-Pärnu : Jumalikud Ilmutused, 2012 ; Vint, Toomas. Avalikult abielust. Tallinn : Tulikiri, 2012 ; Kangro, Maarja. Dantelik auk. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2012 ; Kaevats, Mihkel. Ungari kirsid & teisi luuletusi. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2012.

Mitmekülgne eesti lastekirjandus [2006. a.] / Jaanika Palm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Palm, Jaanika, 1973-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Tungal, Leelo. Lätikeelne jäätis ja teisi luuletusi. Tallinn : Tuum, 2006 ; Trull, Ilmar. Musta kassi mumba. Tallinn : Eesti Ekspressi Kirjastus, 2006 ; Wimberg. Põngerjate laulud. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Muidugi, Eino. Lõbus pere ütleb tere! Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Nemvalts, Urmas. Väikeste meeste jutud. [Tallinn] : Grenader, 2006 ; Kangro, Maarja, Kangro, Kirke. Puuviljadraakon. Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Kilkson, Tiina. Pisikese Peetri pikk pühapäev. Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Pelmas, Elsa. Sussipäkapikk Siisi seiklused. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2006 ; Sauter, Peeter. Laiskade laste raamat. Tallinn : Huma, 2006 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Leiutajateküla Lotte. Tallinn : Eesti Joonisfilm, 2006 ; Ulman, Mihkel. Nukkude teater. Tartu : Elmatar, 2006 ; Rannap, Jaan. Roheline kindlus. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2006 ; Vallik, Aidi. Narkohollo ehk Florose vabastamine. Haapsalu : Lugu-Loo, 2006 ; Leesalu, Diana. Mängult on päriselt. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Laidla, Siiri. Pärnaõietee. Tallinn : Canopus, 2006

Mitmekülgne eesti lastekirjandus [2006. a.] / Jaanika Palm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Palm, Jaanika, 1973-

2007-01-01

Arvustus: Tungal, Leelo. Lätikeelne jäätis ja teisi luuletusi. Tallinn : Tuum, 2006 ; Trull, Ilmar. Musta kassi mumba. Tallinn : Eesti Ekspressi Kirjastus, 2006 ; Wimberg. Põngerjate laulud. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Muidugi, Eino. Lõbus pere ütleb tere! Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Nemvalts, Urmas. Väikeste meeste jutud. [Tallinn] : Grenader, 2006 ; Kangro, Maarja, Kangro, Kirke. Puuviljadraakon. Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Kilkson, Tiina. Pisikese Peetri pikk pühapäev. Tallinn : Koolibri, 2006 ; Pelmas, Elsa. Sussipäkapikk Siisi seiklused. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2006 ; Sauter, Peeter. Laiskade laste raamat. Tallinn : Huma, 2006 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Leiutajateküla Lotte. Tallinn : Eesti Joonisfilm, 2006 ; Ulman, Mihkel. Nukkude teater. Tartu : Elmatar, 2006 ; Rannap, Jaan. Roheline kindlus. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2006 ; Vallik, Aidi. Narkohollo ehk Florose vabastamine. Haapsalu : Lugu-Loo, 2006 ; Leesalu, Diana. Mängult on päriselt. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Laidla, Siiri. Pärnaõietee. Tallinn : Canopus, 2006

Dry eyes : a commonly missed eye condition

OpenAIRE

Vella, Mario;

2014-01-01

Tears are an important component in providing moisture and lubrication for the eyes, thereby maintaining vision and comfort. Dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) result when there is either decreased production of tears or by poor tear quality which in turn lead to more rapid evaporation.

Eye Tracker Accuracy: Quantitative Evaluation of the Invisible Eye Center Location

OpenAIRE

Wyder, Stephan; Cattin, Philippe C.

2017-01-01

Purpose. We present a new method to evaluate the accuracy of an eye tracker based eye localization system. Measuring the accuracy of an eye tracker's primary intention, the estimated point of gaze, is usually done with volunteers and a set of fixation points used as ground truth. However, verifying the accuracy of the location estimate of a volunteer's eye center in 3D space is not easily possible. This is because the eye center is an intangible point hidden by the iris. Methods. We evaluate ...

Efficacy of topical cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes

OpenAIRE

Haitham Y Al-Nashar

2015-01-01

Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cyclosporine 0.05% in the treatment of dry-eye disease. Patients and methods A total of 35 eyes of 20 patients with dry-eye disease were included in the present study. Ten patients (20 eyes) had dry eyes associated with systemic rheumatologic disease (Sjögren′s syndrome), five patients (10 eyes) had dry eyes after undergoing laser in-situ keratomileusis, and five patients (five eyes) had dry eyes after cataract...

Premotor neurons encode torsional eye velocity during smooth-pursuit eye movements

Science.gov (United States)

Angelaki, Dora E.; Dickman, J. David

2003-01-01

Responses to horizontal and vertical ocular pursuit and head and body rotation in multiple planes were recorded in eye movement-sensitive neurons in the rostral vestibular nuclei (VN) of two rhesus monkeys. When tested during pursuit through primary eye position, the majority of the cells preferred either horizontal or vertical target motion. During pursuit of targets that moved horizontally at different vertical eccentricities or vertically at different horizontal eccentricities, eye angular velocity has been shown to include a torsional component the amplitude of which is proportional to half the gaze angle ("half-angle rule" of Listing's law). Approximately half of the neurons, the majority of which were characterized as "vertical" during pursuit through primary position, exhibited significant changes in their response gain and/or phase as a function of gaze eccentricity during pursuit, as if they were also sensitive to torsional eye velocity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant contribution of torsional eye movement sensitivity to the responsiveness of the cells. These findings suggest that many VN neurons encode three-dimensional angular velocity, rather than the two-dimensional derivative of eye position, during smooth-pursuit eye movements. Although no clear clustering of pursuit preferred-direction vectors along the semicircular canal axes was observed, the sensitivity of VN neurons to torsional eye movements might reflect a preservation of similar premotor coding of visual and vestibular-driven slow eye movements for both lateral-eyed and foveate species.

Burning Eye Syndrome: Do Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms Underlie Chronic Dry Eye?

Science.gov (United States)

Kalangara, Jerry P; Galor, Anat; Levitt, Roy C; Felix, Elizabeth R; Alegret, Ramon; Sarantopoulos, Constantine D

2016-04-01

Dry eye is a multi-factorial disorder that manifests with painful ocular symptoms and visual disturbances, which can only be partly attributed to tear dysfunction. This disorder may also involve neuroplasticity in response to neuronal injury. This review will emphasize the key characteristics of dry eye pain and its pathologic mechanisms, making the argument that a subset of dry eye represents a neuropathic pain disorder of the eye, more appropriately called "burning eye syndrome." A literature review was conducted using a PubMed search focusing on dry eye, corneal nociception, and neuropathic pain. Articles were reviewed and those discussing clinical course, pathophysiology, and neuronal regulation of chronic ocular pain as related to dry eye were summarized. We found that there is a discordance between ocular pain and dryness on the ocular surface. Although tear dysfunction may be one of the initial insults, its persistence may be associated with repeated ocular sensory nerve injury leading to an acute-to-chronic pain transition associated with neuropathologic changes (peripheral and central sensitization), neuronal dysfunction, and spontaneous ocular pain. Dry eye is becoming a major health concern due to its increasing incidence, significant morbidity, and economic burden. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of dry eye may be better represented as a chronic neuropathic pain disorder due to its features of dysesthesia, spontaneous pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. Future therapies targeted at the underlying neuroplasticity may yield improved efficacy for patients with this subset of dry eye, which we term "burning eye syndrome." © 2015 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Fluorescein eye stain

Science.gov (United States)

Abnormal results may point to: Abnormal tear production (dry eye) Blocked tear duct Corneal abrasion (a scratch on ... object in eye ) Infection Injury or trauma Severe dry eye associated with arthritis (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Kareva, Doris. Lõige. Tallinn : Verb, 2007 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Flandria päevik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Mihkelson, Ene. Katkuhaud. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Vint, Toomas. Mäluauguga naine. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007 ; Pervik, Aino. Suleline, Puhuja ja must munk. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Mutt, Mihkel. Siseemigrant. Novellid Rui taevalike kommentaaridega. Tallinn : Fabian, 2007 ; Nõlvak, Valentine. Ellujääja mälestused. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Tungal, Leelo. Täisminevik. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Kangro, Maarja. Tule mu koopasse, mateeria. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007

Short Outlines of Books by Estonian Authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2009-01-01

Arvustus: Karusoo, Merle. Kui ruumid on täis : Eesti rahva elulood teatritekstides 1982-2005. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Aleksejev, Tiit. Palveränd. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Saat, Mari. Lasnamäe lunastaja. Tallinn : Tuum, 2008 ; Tarand, Mari. Ajapildi sees. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2008 ; Ojamaa, Liisi. Jõgi asfaldi all. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Kaalep, Ain. Muusad ja maastikud. Luuletused aastaist 1945-2008. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008 ; Toona, Elin. Ella. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2008 ; Hellerma, Kärt. Sinine missa. Valik reisikirju. Tallinn : Tuum, 2008 ; Raud, Rein. Vend. Tallinn : Tuum, 2008 ; Kruusa, Kalju. Pilvedgi mindgi liigutavadgi. Tallinn : Koma, 2008

Glaucoma: Eye-to-Eye with Dr. Rachel Bishop

Science.gov (United States)

... of this page please turn JavaScript on. Feature: Glaucoma Eye-to-Eye with Dr. Rachel Bishop Past ... nerves are pale and cupped—signs of advanced glaucoma. Yet the patient wasn't aware of any ...

Using an eye tracker for accurate eye movement artifact correction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kierkels, J.J.M.; Riani, J.; Bergmans, J.W.M.; Boxtel, van G.J.M.

2007-01-01

We present a new method to correct eye movement artifacts in electroencephalogram (EEG) data. By using an eye tracker, whose data cannot be corrupted by any electrophysiological signals, an accurate method for correction is developed. The eye-tracker data is used in a Kalman filter to estimate which

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Glossary The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and Safety First Aid Tips Healthy Vision ... to More Information Optical Illusions Printables About the Eye Your eyes are made up of many different ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... your eye. It helps your eye focus light so things look sharp and clear. Sclera (SKLEH-ruh) ... the different parts of your eye work together so you can see and make sense of the ...

Eye absence does not regulate planarian stem cells during eye regeneration

OpenAIRE

LoCascio, Samuel A.; Lapan, Sylvain W.; Reddien, Peter W.

2017-01-01

Dividing cells called neoblasts contain pluripotent stem cells and drive planarian flatworm regeneration from diverse injuries. A long-standing question is whether neoblasts directly sense and respond to the identity of missing tissues during regeneration. We used the eye to investigate this question. Surprisingly, eye removal was neither sufficient nor necessary for neoblasts to increase eye progenitor production. Neoblasts normally increase eye progenitor production following decapitation, ...

Short Outlines of Books by Estonian authors / Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hinrikus, Rutt, 1946-

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Miljutina, Tamara. Inimesed minu elus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Soosaar, Enn. Isa ja aeg. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2007. (Loomingu Raamatukogu ; 5) ; Paju, Imbi. Tõrjutud mälestused. Tallinn : Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 2007 ; Kaplinski, Jaan. Seesama jõgi. Tallinn : Vagabund, 2007 ; Laanem, Tiina. Väikesed vanamehed. Tallinn : Eesti Päevalehe Kirjastus, 2007 ; Vaarandi, Debora. Aastad ja päevad. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Berg, Maimu. Unustatud inimesed. Tallinn : Tuum, 2007 ; Heinsaar, Mehis. Rändaja õnn. Tallinn : Verb, 2007

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2004-01-01

Tutvustus: Baturin, Nikolai. Kentaur. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2003 ; Kaplinski, Jaan. Isale. Tallinn : Varrak, 2003 ; Jaks, Ilmar. Pimedus. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2003 ; Ivask, Ivar. Tähtede tähendust tunda. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2003 ; Vint, Toomas. Minu abielu prostituudiga. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Ehin, Kristiina. Luigeluulinn. Tallinn : Huma, 2004 ; Kivisildnik. Päike, mida sa õhtul teed? Tallinn : Perioodika, 2003 ; Kivisildnik. Rahvuseepos Kalevipoeg ehk armastus. Tallinn : Tuum, 2003 ; Veidemann, Rein. Lastekodu. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Park, Eeva. Lõks lõpmatuses. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2003 ; Traat, Mats. Islandi suvi. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2003 ; Kauksi Ülle. Uibu. Tartu : Kauksi Ülle Mänedsment, 2003 ; Kross, Jaan. Kallid kaasteelised. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Undusk, Jaan. Quevedo. Tallinn : Perioodika, 2003

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Afanasjev, Vahur. Kosmos. Tallinn : Jutulind, 2008 ; Hvostov, Andrei. Võõrad lood. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008 ; Lauli, Olle. Niguliste õpilased. Tallinn : Verb, 2007 ; Rooste, Jürgen. Tavaline eesti idioot. Pärnu : Ji, 2008 ; Talvet, Jüri. Silmad peksavad une seinu. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2008 ; Beekman, Aimée. Proovielu. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Kivi, Aita. Lähedal. Tallinn : Ajakirjade Kirjastus, 2008 ; Beekman, Vladimir. Alles see oli. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008 ; Viiding, Elo. Püha Maama. Tallinn : Tuum, 2008 ; Nõu, Helga. Peaaegu geenius ehk Schrödingeri kassi otsimas. Tallinn : Atlex, 2008 ; Unt, Lii. Parim näitleja linnas. Varanasi päevaraamat. Tallinn : Eesti Ekspressi Kirjastus, 2007 ; Sild, Ivar. Tantsiv linn. Tallinn : Tuum, 2007

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... other programs with respect to blinding eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of sight, and the special health ... Eye Ask a Scientist Video Series Glossary The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and ...

Tõhusad tükid teismeliste poiste raamaturiiulis / Aidi Vallik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vallik, Aidi, 1971-

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Townsend, Sue. Salajane päevik. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2002 ; Jacobsson, Anders, Olsson, Sören. Emanuel. Tallinn : Hotger, 2002 ; Brennan, Herbie. Haldjasõjad. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Paolini, Christopher. Eragon. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2005 ; Paolini, Christopher. Vanem. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2006 ; Vallik, Aidi. Narkohollo ehk Florose vabastamine. Tartu : Lugu-Loo, 2006 ; Schlüter, Andreas. Laste linn. Tallinn : Tormikiri, 2005 ; Schlüter, Andreas. Rööv. Tallinn : Tormikiri, 2005 ; Sachar, Lois. Augud. Tallinn : Draakon ja Kuu, 2005 ; Rannap, Jaan. Roheline kindlus. Tartu : Tiritamm, 2006 ; Henno, Sass. Mina olin siin. Tallinn : Eesti Päevalehe Kirjastus, 2005

Getting China and India right: Strategies for leveraging the world's fastest growing economies for global advantage

OpenAIRE

Ravi Ramamurti

2010-01-01

The re-emergence of the old world: MNEs and the emerging economies of China and IndiaAccording to projections of the National Intelligence Council, a US government think tank, by 2025 China and India will have the world's second- and fourth-largest economies, respectively. The world is changing before our eyes – within the memories of many readers of this journal, these economies were known for little other than abject poverty. Today they are the largest of the “emerging market economies.” Ye...

Why Do Eyes Water?

Science.gov (United States)

... for Educators Search English Español Why Do Eyes Water? KidsHealth / For Kids / Why Do Eyes Water? What's ... coming out of your nose. Why Do Eyes Water? Eyes water for lots of different reasons besides ...

Seitse raamatut ühtmoodi loodusest, kuid kõik erinevad / Ulvar Käärt, Mari Klein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Käärt, Ulvar, 1982-

2009-01-01

Arvustus: Järva, Jaanus. Looduse aasta. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008; Järva, Jaanus. Raba : vaikuses ja varjus. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2008; Savisaar, Remo. Loodus kutsub. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008; Relve, Hendrik. Eesti looduse vägi. Tallinn : Koolibri, 2008; Tartes, Urmas, Põder, Jaak. Legendiloomad. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008; Eesti maastikud. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008; Veedla, Peep. Lindudega sõbraks / pildid joonistanud Triinu Ootsing. Tallinn : Berit Grupp, 2008

Perceptions of Eye Health and Eye Health Services among Adults Attending Outreach Eye Care Clinics in Papua New Guinea.

Science.gov (United States)

Burnett, Anthea; Yu, Mitasha; Paudel, Prakash; Naduvilath, Thomas; Fricke, Tim R; Hani, Yvonne; Garap, Jambi

2015-01-01

To determine how people attending outreach eye care clinics in Papua New Guinea (PNG) perceive eye health and eye health services. An interview-based questionnaire was administrated to a convenience sample of 614 adult participants across four provinces and perceptions of eye health and eye health services were recorded. Presenting and near visual acuity were measured and cause of visual impairment (VI) determined. In this sample, 113/614 participants (18.4%) presented with distance VI, 16 (2.6%) with distance blindness, and 221 (47.6%) with near VI. Older participants and those with near VI were more likely to indicate that it is hard to have an eye examination due to travel time, lack of transport and transport costs. Female participants and those from underserved areas were more likely to report shame and fear of jealousy from others when asked about their attitudes towards spectacles. Participants reporting that they were willing to pay higher amounts for testing and spectacles/treatment also reported higher education levels, higher household incomes and were more likely to be male. A quarter of participants (25.9%) indicated that they did not like having an eye examination because their reading and writing was poor. People attending outreach eye care clinics in PNG reported finding it difficult to attend eye health services due to transport difficulties and anticipated high costs. Negative attitudes towards spectacles were also prevalent, and negative perceptions appeared more frequently among older participants and those with less education.

Black Eye

Science.gov (United States)

... Your Eyes Sep 20, 2017 Eye Injuries from Laundry Packets On the Rise Jun 30, 2017 ... Medical Disclaimer Privacy Policy Terms of Service For Advertisers For Media Ophthalmology Job Center © American ...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2012-01-01

Arvustus: Helme, Peeter. Varastatud aja lõpus. Tallinn : Tuum, 2011 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Kõik luuletused. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2011 ; Kareva, Doris. Sa pole üksi. Tallinn : Verb, 2011 ; Paju, Imbi. Soome lahe õed : vaadates teiste valu. Tallinn : Hea lugu, 2011 ; Pervik, Aino. Matlena teekond. Tallinn : Mustvalge Kirjastus, 2010 ; Raud, Rein. Hotell Amalfi. Tallinn : Tuum, 2011 ; Sommer, Lauri. Räestu raamat. Tallinn : Menu Kirjastus, 2012 ; Kasemaa. Andrus. Leskede kadunud maailm. Tallinn : Varrak, 2012 ; Teede, Andra. Käigud. Pärnu : Jumalikud Ilmutused, 2011

Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Mattheus, Ülo.¡India armastus. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2006 ;¡Teder,¡Tarmo. Onanistid. Tallinn :¡Tuum, 2006 ;¡Hirv, Indrek. Surmapõletaja. Tallinn :¡Tuum, 2006 ;¡Hvostov, Andrei. Henrik : näidend 12-s pildis. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2006. (Loomingu Raamatukogu ;¡20) ;¡Traat,¡Mats. Naised ja pojad. Tallinn : Looming, 2006, nr. 2-5 ;¡Traat, Mats. Sarviku armastus. Tallinn :¡Looming, 2006, nr. 11 ;¡Kaardipakk II. Tallinn : Näo Kirik, 2006 ;¡Kivirähk,¡Andrus. Mees, kes teadis ussisõnu. Tallinn :¡Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007 ;¡Õunapuu,¡Ervin. Meie igapäevane jää :¡eesti gootika III. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ;¡Ehlvest, Jüri. Palverännak. Tallinn :¡Tuum, 2005

Fish eye optics

Science.gov (United States)

Hudec, R.; Michalova, S.

2017-07-01

We report on small student (high—school) project of the Czech Academy of Sciences dealing with animal (fish) eyes and possible application in science and technology. Albeit most fishes have refractive eyes, the recent discoveries confirm that some fishes have reflective eyes with strange arrangements as well.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Determines the Severity of the Dry Eye Conditions in Visual Display Terminal Workers

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Nuo; Yang, Fan; Lin, Zhirong; Shang, Xumin; Li, Cheng

2014-01-01

Objective To explore meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) may determine the severity of dry eye conditions in visual display terminal (VDT) workers. Methodology Prospective, case-control study carried out in China.106 eyes of 53 patients (VDT work time >4 hour per day) were recruited as the Long time VDT group; 80 eyes of 40 control subjects (VDT work time ≤4 hour per day) served as the Short time VDT group. A questionnaire of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and multiple tests were performed. Three dry eye tests: tear film breakup time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test; and three MGD parameters: lid margin abnormality score, meibum expression assessment (meibum score), and meibomian gland dropout degree (meiboscore) using Keratograph 5 M. Principal Findings OSDI and corneal fluorescein score were significantly higher while BUT was dramatically shorter in the long time VDT group than the short time VDT group. However, the average of Schirmer tear volumes was in normal ranges in both groups. Interestingly, the three MGD parameters were significantly higher in the long time VDT group than the short time one (Peyes with Schirmer eyes with Schirmer ≥10 mm were separated from the long time VDT workers, no significant differences were found between the two subgroups in OSDI, fluorescein staining and BUT, as well as the three MGD parameters. All three MGD parameters were positively correlated with VDT working time (Pdry eye patients in long term VDT workers with higher OSDI scores whereas some of those patients presenting a normal tear volume. PMID:25144638

The eye amputated - consequences of eye amputation with emphasis on clinical aspects, phantom eye syndrome and quality of life

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Marie Louise Roed

2010-01-01

In this thesis the term eye amputation (EA) covers the removing of an eye by: evisceration, enucleation and exenteration. Amputation of an eye is most frequently the end-stage in a complicated disease, or the primary treatment in trauma and neoplasm. In 2010 the literature is extensive due...... to knowledge about types of surgery, implants and surgical technique. However, not much is known about the time past surgery. THE PURPOSE OF THE PHD THESIS WAS: To identify the number of EA, the causative diagnosis and the indication for surgical removal of the eye, the chosen surgical technique...... and to evaluate a possible change in surgical technique in Denmark from 1996 until 2003 (paper I); To describe the phantom eye syndrome and its prevalence of visual hallucinations, phantom pain and phantom sensations (paper II); To characterise the quality of phantom eye pain, including its intensity...

Design, Sensing and Control of a Robotic Prosthetic Eye for Natural Eye Movement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. J. Gu

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Loss of an eye is a tragedy for a person, who may suffer psychologically and physically. This paper is concerned with the design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye that moves horizontally in synchronization with the movement of the natural eye. Two generations of robotic prosthetic eye models have been developed. The first generation model uses an external infrared sensor array mounted on the frame of a pair of eyeglasses to detect the natural eye movement and to feed the control system to drive the artificial eye to move with the natural eye. The second generation model removes the impractical usage of the eye glass frame and uses the human brain EOG (electro-ocular-graph signal picked up by electrodes placed on the sides of a person's temple to carry out the same eye movement detection and control tasks as mentioned above. Theoretical issues on sensor failure detection and recovery, and signal processing techniques used in sensor data fusion, are studied using statistical methods and artificial neural network based techniques. In addition, practical control system design and implementation using micro-controllers are studied and implemented to carry out the natural eye movement detection and artificial robotic eye control tasks. Simulation and experimental studies are performed, and the results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the research project reported in this paper.

Eye Anatomy

Science.gov (United States)

... News About Us Donate In This Section Eye Anatomy en Español email Send this article to a ... You at Risk For Glaucoma? Childhood Glaucoma Eye Anatomy Five Common Glaucoma Tests Glaucoma Facts and Stats ...

Eye Emergencies

Science.gov (United States)

... The Marfan Foundation Marfan & Related Disorders What is Marfan Syndrome? What are Related Disorders? What are the Signs? ... Emergencies Eye Emergencies Lung Emergencies Surgeries Eye Emergencies Marfan syndrome significantly increases your risk of retinal detachment, a ...

Ethnic Variations in Central Corneal Thickness in a Rural Population in China: The Yunnan Minority Eye Studies.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen-Wei Pan

Full Text Available To describe the ethnic differences in central corneal thickness (CCT in population-based samples of ethnic Bai, Yi and Han people living in rural China.6504 adults (2119 ethnic Bai, 2202 ethnic Yi and 2183 ethnic Han aged 50 years or older participated in the study. Each subject underwent standardized ocular examinations and interviewer-administered questionnaires for risk factor assessment. CCT was measured for both eyes using an ultrasound pachymeter. Regression and principal component analysis were performed to examine the relationship of ethnicity and other factors with CCT.The mean CCT readings were 536.4 ± 34.2 μm in ethnic Bai, 532.1 ± 32.1 μm in ethnic Yi and 529.6 ± 32.7 μm in ethnic Han adults (P<0.001, respectively. There was a decreasing trend of mean CCT with increasing age across all ethnic groups. In multivariate linear regression models, increasing CCT was associated with younger age (P<0.001, male gender (P<0.001, Bai (P<0.001 or Yi (P<0.001 ethnicity, greater body mass index (P<0.001, higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.001, greater corneal curvature (P<0.001, deeper anterior chamber (P < 0.001, and thicker lens (P<0.001. Ethnicity contributed significantly to presence of thin cornea (60%; P< 0.001 compared with other factors. CCT had similar impact on intraocular pressure readings across all ethnic groups.This study of more than 6500 multiethnic participants demonstrates significant ethnic variations in CCT, with Han ethnicity having the thinnest cornea compared with ethnic minorities. These data are essential to guide future multiethnic clinical trials on CCT-related ocular conditions such as glaucoma.

Dwarf Eye Disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Science Teacher, 2005

2005-01-01

Johns Hopkins researchers at the Wilmer Eye Institute have discovered what appears to be the first human gene mutation that causes extreme farsightedness. The researchers report that nanophthalmos, Greek for "dwarf eye," is a rare, potentially blinding disorder caused by an alteration in a gene called MFRP that helps control eye growth and…

Herpetic Eye Disease in a Public Eye Hospital in Nigeria | Nwosu ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: To determine the aetiology, pattern and complications of herpetic eye disease seen at the Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The case files of all patients with herpetic eye disease who presented at the centre between January 1998 and December 2003 were reviewed. Information on ...

Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections

Science.gov (United States)

... Español Eye Health / Eye Health A-Z Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections Sections Contact Lens-Related Eye ... Six Steps to Avoid Contact Lens Infections Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections Leer en Español: Infecciones relacionadas ...

Degeneration of rapid eye movement sleep circuitry underlies rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

McKenna, Dillon; Peever, John

2017-05-01

During healthy rapid eye movement sleep, skeletal muscles are actively forced into a state of motor paralysis. However, in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder-a relatively common neurological disorder-this natural process is lost. A lack of motor paralysis (atonia) in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder allows individuals to actively move, which at times can be excessive and violent. At first glance this may sound harmless, but it is not because rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients frequently injure themselves or the person they sleep with. It is hypothesized that the degeneration or dysfunction of the brain stem circuits that control rapid eye movement sleep paralysis is an underlying cause of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. The link between brain stem degeneration and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder stems from the fact that rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder precedes, in the majority (∼80%) of cases, the development of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, which are known to initially cause degeneration in the caudal brain stem structures where rapid eye movement sleep circuits are located. Furthermore, basic science and clinical evidence demonstrate that lesions within the rapid eye movement sleep circuits can induce rapid eye movement sleep-specific motor deficits that are virtually identical to those observed in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. This review examines the evidence that rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is caused by synucleinopathic neurodegeneration of the core brain stem circuits that control healthy rapid eye movement sleep and concludes that rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is not a separate clinical entity from synucleinopathies but, rather, it is the earliest symptom of these disorders. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. © 2017 International Parkinson and

Eye Cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Cancer of the eye is uncommon. It can affect the outer parts of the eye, such as the eyelid, which are made up ... and nerves. If the cancer starts inside the eyeball it's called intraocular cancer. The most common intraocular ...

Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care: Antibiotics for Eye Injections

Science.gov (United States)

... Antibiotics for eye injections; and Punctal plugs for dry eye . This is the fourth in a series of ... why patients and their ophthalmologists should discuss treating dry eye with punctal plugs only after other treatment options ...

Spectacle-related eye injuries, spectacle-impact performance and eye protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoskin, Annette K; Philip, Swetha; Dain, Stephen J; Mackey, David A

2015-05-01

The aim was to review the prevalence of spectacle-related ocular trauma and the performance of currently available spectacle materials and to identify the risk factors associated with spectacle-related ocular trauma. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Embase and Google with the keywords 'eyeglasses' OR 'spectacles' AND 'ocular injury' / 'eye injury'/ 'eye trauma' / 'ocular trauma'. Articles published prior to 1975 were excluded from this review because of advances in spectacle lens technology and Food and Drug Administration legislative changes requiring impact resistance of all prescription spectacle lenses in the United States. Six hundred and ninety-five individual ocular traumas, for which spectacles contributed to or were the main cause of injury, were identified in the literature. Eye injuries occurred when spectacles were worn in sports, in which medium- to high-impact energies were exerted from balls, racquets or bats and/or as a result of a collision with another player. Frame, lens design and product material choice were found to be associated with ocular injury, with polycarbonate lenses cited as the material of choice in the literature. International, regional and national standards for spectacle lenses had a wide range of impact requirements for prescription spectacle lenses, sports eye protection and occupational eye protection. Spectacle-related injury represents a small but preventable cause of ocular injury. With the increasing numbers of spectacle wearers and calls to spend more time outdoors to reduce myopia, spectacle wearers need to be made aware of the potential risks associated with wearing spectacles during medium- to high-risk activities. At particular risk are those prone to falls, the functionally one-eyed, those who have corneal thinning or have had previous eye surgery or injury. With increased understanding of specific risk factors, performance guidelines can be developed for prescription spectacle eye

Design, Sensing and Control of a Robotic Prosthetic Eye for Natural Eye Movement

OpenAIRE

J. J. Gu; M. Meng; A. Cook; P. X. Liu

2006-01-01

Loss of an eye is a tragedy for a person, who may suffer psychologically and physically. This paper is concerned with the design, sensing and control of a robotic prosthetic eye that moves horizontally in synchronization with the movement of the natural eye. Two generations of robotic prosthetic eye models have been developed. The first generation model uses an external infrared sensor array mounted on the frame of a pair of eyeglasses to detect the natural eye movement and to feed the contro...

System and Method for Eye Tracking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2017-01-01

A method and system for monitoring the motion of one or both eyes, includes capturing a sequence of overlapping images of a subject's face including an eye and the corresponding non-eye region; identifying a plurality of keypoints in each image; mapping corresponding keypoints in two or more images...... of the sequence; assigning the keypoints to the eye and to the corresponding non-eye region; calculating individual velocities of the corresponding keypoints in the eye and the corresponding non-eye region to obtain a distribution of velocities; extracting at least one velocity measured for the eye and at least...... one velocity measured for the corresponding non-eye region; calculating the eye-in-head velocity for the eye based upon the measured velocity for the eye and the measured velocity for the corresponding non-eye region; and calculating the eye-in-head position based upon the eye- in-head velocity....

Organization of eye bank

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, S.C.

1999-01-01

Comeal transplantation is the only method of combating the blindness due to corneal opacity caused by infections, malnutrition, trauma and hereditary diseases. Comeal blindness is more prevalent in the developing countries. The availability of the donor cornea, trained ophthalmic surgeons and microsurgery facilities are the key factors in restoring vision in-patients with comeal blindness. The eye bank organization is somewhat similar to that of blood bank. The eye bank should be located in a hospital or a medical centre in which a laboratory may be established for the evaluation and storage of donor tissue. The medical director (Ophthalmologist), technician, secretary and public relation officer are the persons who play an important role in the successful organization of eye bank. The function of the eye bank are procurement, assessment, processing, distribution of donor eyes/corneas, training of technicians/doctors, and conducting research related to storage of donor tissue and corneal transplantation. The necessary infrastructure required for the organization of an eye bank include separate accommodation area for the personnel and the laboratory, telephone, computer, refrigerator, laminar air flow hood. Slitlamp, specular microscope, storage media and equipment, instrument for enucleation of donor eyes, and a motor vehicle. The details of responsibilities of the staff of eye bank, source of donor eyes, suitability of donor material, procurement of the donor cornea, tissue assessment, storage and preservation, distribution of donor tissue, and limitation of eye bank will be discussed at the time of presentation

Lugupeetud emakeeleõpetaja! / Martin Ehala

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ehala, Martin, 1963-

2006-01-01

Tutvustatakse eesti keele õpikuid: Ehala, Martin. Eesti keele struktuur. Tallinn, 2001 ; Ehala, Martin. Kirjutamise kunst. Tallinn, 2000 ; Ehala, Martin. Eesti kirjakeel. Tallinn, 2002 ; Madisso, Maia. Keele- ja tekstiharjutusi abiturientidele. Tallinn, 2002 ; Ehala, Martin ; Veismann, Tiina jt. Noor keelekasutaja. Tallinn, 2005

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Ophthalmology/Strabismus Ocular Pathology/Oncology Oculoplastics/Orbit Refractive Management/Intervention Retina/Vitreous Uveitis Focus On ... Dry Eye Sections What Is Dry Eye? Dry Eye Symptoms Causes of ...

Characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China:2006-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ying Qi

2015-05-01

Full Text Available AIM: To complete the data of ocular trauma in central China, as a well-known tertiary referral center for ocular trauma, we documented the epidemiological characteristics and visual outcomes of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in this region. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China from 2006 to 2011 was performed. RESULTS: This study included 5964 eyes of 5799 patients. The average age was 35.5±21.8y with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. The most common age was 45-59y age group. Most patients were farmers and workers (51.9%. The most common injuries were firework related (24.5%, road traffic related (24.2%, and work related (15.0%. Among the most common causative agents were firecrackers (24.5%, followed by metal/knife/scissors (21.4%. Most injuries occurred in January (14.2%, February (27.0%, and August (10.0%. There were 8.5% patients with ocular injuries combined with other injuries. The incidence of open ocular injuries (4585 eyes, 76.9% was higher than closed ocular injuries (939 eyes, 15.7%. The incidences of chemical and thermal ocular injuries were 1.2% and 0.6%. Ocular trauma score (OTS predicted final visual acuity at non light perception (NLP, 20/200-20/50 and 20/40 with a sensitivity of 100%, and light perception (LP/hand motion (HM and 1/200-19/200 with a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides recent epidemiological data of patients hospitalized for ocular trauma in central China. Some factors influencing the visual outcome include time interval between injury and visit to the clinic, wound location, open or closed globe injury, initial visual acuity, and OTS.

Eye-based head gestures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mardanbegi, Diako; Witzner Hansen, Dan; Pederson, Thomas

2012-01-01

A novel method for video-based head gesture recognition using eye information by an eye tracker has been proposed. The method uses a combination of gaze and eye movement to infer head gestures. Compared to other gesture-based methods a major advantage of the method is that the user keeps the gaze...... mobile phone screens. The user study shows that the method detects a set of defined gestures reliably.......A novel method for video-based head gesture recognition using eye information by an eye tracker has been proposed. The method uses a combination of gaze and eye movement to infer head gestures. Compared to other gesture-based methods a major advantage of the method is that the user keeps the gaze...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2003-01-01

Talvet, Jüri. ElegÍa Estonia y otros poemas = Eesti eleegia ja teisi luuletusi / Spanish transl. by the author and Albert L̉zaro Tinaut. Ciudad de València : Palmart, 2002 ; Ehlvest, Jüri. Hobune eikuskilt. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2002 ; Raudam, Toomas. Saint-Prousti vastu. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002 ; Tode, Emil. Raadio. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002 ; Vene, Ilmar. Pahustumine ehk Uusaja olemus. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002 ; Annus, Epp. Kuidas kirjutada aega. Tallinn : Underi ja Tuglase Kirjanduskeskus, 2002 ; Lepik, Kalju. Valguse riie ei vanu. Kogutud luuletused 1938-1999 ; Barker, Matt. Waanenburgi tapatalgud. Tartu : EYS Veljesto, 2002 ; Kesküla, Kalev. Platoni riik. Tallinn : Tuum, 2002 ; Vahing, Vaino. Mängud ja kõnelused. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002 ; Tuulik, Jüri. Üksik lind mere kohal. Tallinn : Maalehe Raamat, 2002 ; Tätte, Jaan. Näidendid. Tallinn : Maalehe Raamat, 2002 ; Kareva, Doris. Mandragora. Tallinn : Huma, 2002

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Berk Vaher, Aare Pilv

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Berk, 1975-

2005-01-01

Tutvustus: Raudam, Toomas. Nips. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2004 ; Ilus Armin : eesti lühiproosat 1987-2002 / koost. Udo Uibo. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Ehlvest, Jüri von. Rahuldus. Tartu : Ilukirjandus, 2004 ; Ki:wa. Roboti tee on nihe ; Salatühik. Tallinn : Eesti Kunstimuuseum, 2004 ; Sommer, Lauri. Nõidade õrnus. Sännä : Tiivaalune, 2004 ; Kalkun, Andreas. Pääväraamat. Tartu : Erakkond, 2004 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Uus raamat. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Krull, Hasso. Meeter ja Demeeter. Tallinn : Vagabund, 2004 ; Kõiv, Madis. Päev. Tartu : Akkon, 2004 ; Mihkelson, Ene. Uroboros. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Soomets, Triin. Toormaterjal. Tallinn : Verb, 2004 ; Vaher, Berk. Sekeldaja päevad. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004

Preoperative Expectations and Postoperative Outcomes of Visual Functioning among Cataract Patients in Urban Southern China.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ziyan Chen

Full Text Available To investigate the relationship between preoperative expectations and actual postoperative outcomes of visual function (VF among patients undergoing first eye cataract surgery.A longitudinal study of 182 patients from hospitals in urban Southern China were surveyed prior to surgery and 3 month after cataract surgery regarding their preoperative, expected postoperative and actual postoperative VF for each of the items on the Catquest-9SF and their satisfaction with cataract surgery. In addition, detailed clinical data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively.The majority of cataract patients in urban Southern China had high expectations for VF outcomes after cataract surgery and in most cases postoperative outcomes achieved the expected level of improvement. The mean (standard deviation, SD preoperative Catquest-9SF score was 15.7 (5.86 and the mean (SD expected postoperative score was 26.3 (2.93. The discrepancy between actual and expected improvement was significantly correlated with patients' health literacy, presence of systemic and ocular comorbidity, preoperative visual acuity of the surgery eye, LOCS III nuclear opalescence and cortical cataract grading.Cataract patients in urban Southern China had high expectations for surgery outcomes. Patients with low level of health literacy and the presence of systemic and ocular comorbidity may need a comprehensive counseling to decrease the discrepancy regarding expected and actual outcomes.

In the eye of the beholder: eye contact increases resistance to persuasion.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Frances S; Minson, Julia A; Schöne, Maren; Heinrichs, Markus

2013-11-01

Popular belief holds that eye contact increases the success of persuasive communication, and prior research suggests that speakers who direct their gaze more toward their listeners are perceived as more persuasive. In contrast, we demonstrate that more eye contact between the listener and speaker during persuasive communication predicts less attitude change in the direction advocated. In Study 1, participants freely watched videos of speakers expressing various views on controversial sociopolitical issues. Greater direct gaze at the speaker's eyes was associated with less attitude change in the direction advocated by the speaker. In Study 2, we instructed participants to look at either the eyes or the mouths of speakers presenting arguments counter to participants' own attitudes. Intentionally maintaining direct eye contact led to less persuasion than did gazing at the mouth. These findings suggest that efforts at increasing eye contact may be counterproductive across a variety of persuasion contexts.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus, Maire Iro and Maret Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2013-01-01

Arvustus: Pärtna, Maarja. Läved ja tüved. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2013 ; Sauter, Peeter. Ära jäta mind rahule. Tallinn : P. Sauter, 2012 ; Viiding, Elo. Teised. Tallinn : Tuum, 2012 ; Mathura. Kumalasepäev. Lelle : Allikaäärne, 2012 ; Kadastik, Mart. Kevad saabub sügisel. Tallinn : Varrak, 2013 ; Mutt, Mihkel. Kooparahvas läheb ajalukku. Tallinn : Fabian, 2012 ; Hargla, Indrek. Apteeker Melchior ja Pirita kägistaja. Tallinn : Varrak, 2013 ; Raud, Rein. Rekonstruktsioon. Tallinn : Mustvalge Kirjastus, 2012 ; Toona, Elin. Into exile : a life story of war and peace. Woodsville (N.H.) : Lakeshore Press, 2013 ; Berg, Maimu. Moemaja. Tartu : Petrone Print, 2012 ; Kareva, Doris, Rooste, Jürgen. Elutants. Tallinn : Verb, 2013 ; Ehin, Kristiina. Paleontoloogi päevaraamat. Tartu : Petrone Print, 2013 ; Maria Lee. Stereomeetria. Tallinn : Verb, 2012

Creation of nano eye-drops and effective drug delivery to the interior of the eye

Science.gov (United States)

Ikuta, Yoshikazu; Aoyagi, Shigenobu; Tanaka, Yuji; Sato, Kota; Inada, Satoshi; Koseki, Yoshitaka; Onodera, Tsunenobu; Oikawa, Hidetoshi; Kasai, Hitoshi

2017-03-01

Nano eye-drops are a new type of ophthalmic treatment with increased potency and reduced side effects. Compounds in conventional eye-drops barely penetrate into the eye because the cornea, located at the surface of eye, has a strong barrier function for preventing invasion of hydrophilic or large-sized materials from the outside. In this work, we describe the utility of nano eye-drops utilising brinzolamide, a commercially available glaucoma treatment drug, as a target compound. Fabrication of the nanoparticles of brinzolamide prodrug increases the eye penetration rate and results in high drug efficacy, compared with that of commercially available brinzolamide eye-drops formulated as micro-sized structures. In addition, the resulting nano eye-drops were not toxic to the corneal epithelium after repeated administration for 1 week. The nano eye-drops may have applications as a next-generation ophthalmic treatment.

BullsEye

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klokmose, Clemens Nylandsted; Kristensen, Janus Bager; Bagge, Rolf

2014-01-01

implemented primarily in shaders on the GPU. The techniques are realized in the BullsEye computer vision software. We demonstrate experimentally that BullsEye provides sub-pixel accuracy down to a tenth of a pixel, which is a significant improvement compared to the commonly used reacTIVision software....

Registration of eye reflection and scene images using an aspherical eye model.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakazawa, Atsushi; Nitschke, Christian; Nishida, Toyoaki

2016-11-01

This paper introduces an image registration algorithm between an eye reflection and a scene image. Although there are currently a large number of image registration algorithms, this task remains difficult due to nonlinear distortions at the eye surface and large amounts of noise, such as iris texture, eyelids, eyelashes, and their shadows. To overcome this issue, we developed an image registration method combining an aspherical eye model that simulates nonlinear distortions considering eye geometry and a two-step iterative registration strategy that obtains dense correspondence of the feature points to achieve accurate image registrations for the entire image region. We obtained a database of eye reflection and scene images featuring four subjects in indoor and outdoor scenes and compared the registration performance with different asphericity conditions. Results showed that the proposed approach can perform accurate registration with an average accuracy of 1.05 deg by using the aspherical cornea model. This work is relevant for eye image analysis in general, enabling novel applications and scenarios.

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Member Services Advocacy Foundation About Subspecialties & More Eye Health Home Annual Meeting Clinical Education Practice Management Member ... Center Redmond Ethics Center Global Ophthalmology Guide Eye Health Find an Ophthalmologist Academy Store Eye Health A- ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Dry Eye Symptoms Related Ask an Ophthalmologist Answers Can a six-month dissolvable punctal plug be removed ... my eyes dry after LASIK? Jun 19, 2016 Can I be tested whether I close my eyes ...

Recognizing and Treating Eye Injuries

Science.gov (United States)

... Eye Injuries First Aid for Eye Scratches Protective Eyewear Children’s Eye Injuries: Prevention and Care Eye Injuries ... Academy Jobs at the Academy Financial Relationships with Industry Medical Disclaimer Privacy Policy Terms of Service For ...

Comparison of novel lipid-based eye drops with aqueous eye drops for dry eye: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simmons PA

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Peter A Simmons, Cindy Carlisle-Wilcox, Joseph G Vehige Ophthalmology Research and Development, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA Background: Dry eye may be caused or exacerbated by deficient lipid secretion. Recently, lipid-containing artificial tears have been developed to alleviate this deficiency. Our study compared the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of lipid-containing eye drops with that of aqueous eye drops.Methods: A non-inferiority, randomized, parallel-group, investigator-masked multicenter trial was conducted. Subjects with signs and symptoms of dry eye were randomized to use one of two lipid-containing artificial tears, or one of two aqueous artificial tears. Subjects instilled assigned drops in each eye at least twice daily for 30 days. The primary efficacy analysis tested non-inferiority of a preservative-free lipid tear formulation (LT UD to a preservative-free aqueous tear formulation (AqT UD for change in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI score from baseline at day 30. Secondary measures included OSDI at day 7, tear break-up time (TBUT, corneal and conjunctival staining, Schirmer’s test, acceptability and usage questionnaires, and safety assessments.Results: A total of 315 subjects were randomized and included in the analyses. Subjects reported instilling a median of three doses of study eye drops per day in all groups. At days 7 and 30, all groups showed statistically significant improvements from baseline in OSDI (P<0.001 and TBUT (P≤0.005. LT UD was non-inferior to AqT UD for mean change from baseline in OSDI score at day 30. No consistent or clinically relevant differences for the other efficacy variables were observed. Acceptability was generally similar across the groups and there was a low incidence of adverse events.Conclusion: In this heterogeneous population of dry eye subjects, there were no clinically significant differences in safety, effectiveness, and acceptability between lipid-containing artificial tears

Punctal occlusion for dry eye syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Ervin, Ann-Margret; Law, Andrew; Pucker, Andrew D

2017-06-26

Dry eye syndrome is a disorder of the tear film that is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort. Punctal occlusion is a mechanical treatment that blocks the tear drainage system in order to aid in the preservation of natural tears on the ocular surface. To assess the effects of punctal plugs versus no punctal plugs, different types of punctal plugs, and other interventions for managing dry eye. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2016, Issue 11), MEDLINE Ovid (1946 to 8 December 2016), Embase.com (1947 to 8 December 2016), PubMed (1948 to 8 December 2016), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature Database) (1982 to 8 December 2016), the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com; last searched 18 November 2012 - this resource is now archived), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov; searched 8 December 2016), and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en; searched 8 December 2016). We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We also searched the Science Citation Index-Expanded database and reference lists of included studies. The evidence was last updated on 8 December 2016 SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials of collagen or silicone punctal plugs in symptomatic participants diagnosed with aqueous tear deficiency or dry eye syndrome. Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study investigators for additional information when needed. We included 18 trials (711 participants, 1249 eyes) from Austria, Canada, China, Greece, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Turkey, the UK, and the USA in this review. We also identified one ongoing trial. Overall we judged these trials to be at unclear risk of bias because they were poorly reported. We

Lammasinimene, liblikmees ja karunaine : maagilisest realismist eesti kirjanduse näitel / Andrus Org

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Org, Andrus

2007-01-01

Maagilisest realismist kolme eesti romaani põhjal: Karl Rumori "Krutsifiks" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1989), Mehis Heinsaare "Härra Pauli kroonikad" (Tallinn : Perioodika, 2001), Nikolai Baturini triloogia "Karu süda" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1989), "Kartlik Nikas, lõvilakkade kammija" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1993), "Kentaur" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2003)

Evaluation of the Tobii EyeX Eye tracking controller and Matlab toolkit for research.

Science.gov (United States)

Gibaldi, Agostino; Vanegas, Mauricio; Bex, Peter J; Maiello, Guido

2017-06-01

The Tobii Eyex Controller is a new low-cost binocular eye tracker marketed for integration in gaming and consumer applications. The manufacturers claim that the system was conceived for natural eye gaze interaction, does not require continuous recalibration, and allows moderate head movements. The Controller is provided with a SDK to foster the development of new eye tracking applications. We review the characteristics of the device for its possible use in scientific research. We develop and evaluate an open source Matlab Toolkit that can be employed to interface with the EyeX device for gaze recording in behavioral experiments. The Toolkit provides calibration procedures tailored to both binocular and monocular experiments, as well as procedures to evaluate other eye tracking devices. The observed performance of the EyeX (i.e. accuracy < 0.6°, precision < 0.25°, latency < 50 ms and sampling frequency ≈55 Hz), is sufficient for some classes of research application. The device can be successfully employed to measure fixation parameters, saccadic, smooth pursuit and vergence eye movements. However, the relatively low sampling rate and moderate precision limit the suitability of the EyeX for monitoring micro-saccadic eye movements or for real-time gaze-contingent stimulus control. For these applications, research grade, high-cost eye tracking technology may still be necessary. Therefore, despite its limitations with respect to high-end devices, the EyeX has the potential to further the dissemination of eye tracking technology to a broad audience, and could be a valuable asset in consumer and gaming applications as well as a subset of basic and clinical research settings.

Immunology of the eye

OpenAIRE

Weronika Ratajczak; Beata Tokarz-Deptuła; Wiesław Deptuła

2018-01-01

The eye is an organ of sight characterized by unusual immunological properties, resulting from its anatomical structure and physiology, as well as the presence of specific elements that, through the mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity, provide homeostasis of the eyeball. This article reviews the defensive elements of individual eye structures: conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal gland, anterior chamber of the eye, uvea, retina and eye-associated lymphoid tissue (EALT), where we distinguish a...

Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care: Punctal Plugs for Dry Eye

Science.gov (United States)

... of Our 5-Part Series: Punctal Plugs for Dry Eye Making healthy lifestyle choices can help you protect ... discuss each item in detail. Punctal Plugs for Dry Eye Dry eye is a condition that millions of ...

Eye Injuries at Work

Science.gov (United States)

... National Standards Institute (ANSI) to meet their eye protection standards. If an eye injury occurs, see an ophthalmologist or go to the emergency room immediately, even if the eye injury appears minor. Delaying medical attention can result in permanent vision ...

Transcriptome Analysis of the Planarian Eye Identifies ovo as a Specific Regulator of Eye Regeneration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvain W. Lapan

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Among the millions of invertebrate species with visual systems, the genetic basis of eye development and function is well understood only in Drosophila melanogaster. We describe an eye transcriptome for the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planarian photoreceptors expressed orthologs of genes required for phototransduction and microvillus structure in Drosophila and vertebrates, and optic pigment cells expressed solute transporters and melanin synthesis enzymes similar to those active in the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium. Orthologs of several planarian eye genes, such as bestrophin-1 and Usher syndrome genes, cause eye defects in mammals when perturbed and were not previously described to have roles in invertebrate eyes. Five previously undescribed planarian eye transcription factors were required for normal eye formation during head regeneration. In particular, a conserved, transcription-factor-encoding ovo gene was expressed from the earliest stages of eye regeneration and was required for regeneration of all cell types of the eye.

Transcriptome analysis of the planarian eye identifies ovo as a specific regulator of eye regeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

Lapan, Sylvain W; Reddien, Peter W

2012-08-30

Among the millions of invertebrate species with visual systems, the genetic basis of eye development and function is well understood only in Drosophila melanogaster. We describe an eye transcriptome for the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planarian photoreceptors expressed orthologs of genes required for phototransduction and microvillus structure in Drosophila and vertebrates, and optic pigment cells expressed solute transporters and melanin synthesis enzymes similar to those active in the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium. Orthologs of several planarian eye genes, such as bestrophin-1 and Usher syndrome genes, cause eye defects in mammals when perturbed and were not previously described to have roles in invertebrate eyes. Five previously undescribed planarian eye transcription factors were required for normal eye formation during head regeneration. In particular, a conserved, transcription-factor-encoding ovo gene was expressed from the earliest stages of eye regeneration and was required for regeneration of all cell types of the eye. Copyright © 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A laser-based eye-tracking system.

Science.gov (United States)

Irie, Kenji; Wilson, Bruce A; Jones, Richard D; Bones, Philip J; Anderson, Tim J

2002-11-01

This paper reports on the development of a new eye-tracking system for noninvasive recording of eye movements. The eye tracker uses a flying-spot laser to selectively image landmarks on the eye and, subsequently, measure horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements. Considerable work was required to overcome the adverse effects of specular reflection of the flying-spot from the surface of the eye onto the sensing elements of the eye tracker. These effects have been largely overcome, and the eye-tracker has been used to document eye movement abnormalities, such as abnormal torsional pulsion of saccades, in the clinical setting.

Setting up a child eye care centre: the Mercy Eye Hospital, Abak ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Aim: To document and share our experience in setting up a Child Eye Care Centre within a rural mission eye hospital and document subsequent development of services. Method: The location of the project was Mercy Eye Hospital (MEH) Abak, Akwa Ibom State in the South South zone of Nigeria). Consent to commence ...

Trustworthy-looking face meets brown eyes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karel Kleisner

Full Text Available We tested whether eye color influences perception of trustworthiness. Facial photographs of 40 female and 40 male students were rated for perceived trustworthiness. Eye color had a significant effect, the brown-eyed faces being perceived as more trustworthy than the blue-eyed ones. Geometric morphometrics, however, revealed significant correlations between eye color and face shape. Thus, face shape likewise had a significant effect on perceived trustworthiness but only for male faces, the effect for female faces not being significant. To determine whether perception of trustworthiness was being influenced primarily by eye color or by face shape, we recolored the eyes on the same male facial photos and repeated the test procedure. Eye color now had no effect on perceived trustworthiness. We concluded that although the brown-eyed faces were perceived as more trustworthy than the blue-eyed ones, it was not brown eye color per se that caused the stronger perception of trustworthiness but rather the facial features associated with brown eyes.

Lugemis- ja kuulamissoovitusi lapsemeelsetele : [heliraamatud ja -plaadid lastele] / Esme Kassak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kassak, Esme

2010-01-01

Arvustus: Jancis, Kaspar. Seiklus Salamandril, ehk, Morten Viksi uskumatud juhtumised lollide laevas. Tallinn : Menu Kirjastus, 2010 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Kaka ja kevad [Helisalvestis] / loeb Ülle Kaljuste. Tallinn ; Varrak, 2010 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Kaelkirjak [Helisalvestis] / loeb Harriet Toompere. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Tungal, Leelo. Hea lapse laulud [Helisalvestis]. Tallinn : Nõmmelill, 2010 ; Pajusaar, Priit. Lapsed, liblikad ja teised mutukad [Helisalvestis]. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Toman, Eduard. Gena ja teised : [Helisalvestis]. Tallinn : Greenroom Studio, 2010 ; Vilmusenaho, Marika. Tuulejutu viisid [Helisalvestis] / esitavad Meero Muusiku laululapsed. I.k. : Tempo Rubato, 2009 ; Raud, Eno. Sipsik : laste unejutud / loeb Salme Reek. Tallinn : Eesti Rahvusringhääling, 2010

Eye movement perimetry in glaucoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Trope, G E; Eizenman, M; Coyle, E

1989-08-01

Present-day computerized perimetry is often inaccurate and unreliable owing to the need to maintain central fixation over long periods while repressing the normal response to presentation of peripheral stimuli. We tested a new method of perimetry that does not require prolonged central fixation. During this test eye movements were encouraged on presentation of a peripheral target. Twenty-three eyes were studied with an Octopus perimeter, with a technician monitoring eye movements. The sensitivity was 100% and the specificity 23%. The low specificity was due to the technician's inability to accurately monitor small eye movements in the central 6 degrees field. If small eye movements are monitored accurately with an eye tracker, eye movement perimetry could become an alternative method to standard perimetry.

Research on the Features of Chlorophyll-a Derived from RapidEye and EOS/MODIS Data in Chaohu Lake

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen, X; Chen, B; Li, Z; Zhou, Z; Tang, X

2014-01-01

Chaohu Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China, however, with the rapid expansion of Hefei, the water environment of Chaohu Lake shows significantly deterioration. In this paper, RapidEye and MODIS imagery were used to monitor the chlorophyll alpha (Chla) distribution in Chaohu Lake. After analyzing the correlation between in-situ measured Chla concentrations and each channel of RapidEye and MODIS imagery, the optimal band combination for the establishment of Chla concentration was determined. For RapidEye imagery, the red edge channel and near infrared channel are relatively more sensitive than other channels. The inversion model using the feature of (B5+B4)/(B2+B1) worked the best with the square value of correlation coefficient reaching up to 0.745. A similar procedure was applied to MODIS imagery. The experiments show that RapidEye with its red edge channel is an effective data source for water environment monitoring, it could provide high spatial resolution of Chla distribution thematic map, MODIS with its higher temporal resolution is also an effective data source in dynamically monitoring water environment. The Chla concentration in the western half of Chao Lake is higher than that in the eastern half

Advocacy for eye care

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thulasiraj D Ravilla

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The effectiveness of eye care service delivery is often dependant on how the different stakeholders are aligned. These stakeholders range from the ministries of health who have the capacity to grant government subsidies for eye care, down to the primary healthcare workers who can be enrolled to screen for basic eye diseases. Advocacy is a tool that can help service providers draw the attention of key stakeholders to a particular area of concern. By enlisting the support, endorsement and participation of a wider circle of players, advocacy can help to improve the penetration and effectiveness of the services provided. There are several factors in the external environmental that influence the eye care services - such as the availability of trained manpower, supply of eye care consumables, government rules and regulations. There are several instances where successful advocacy has helped to create an enabling environment for eye care service delivery. Providing eye care services in developing countries requires the support - either for direct patient care or for support services such as producing trained manpower or for research and dissemination. Such support, in the form of financial or other resources, can be garnered through advocacy.

Arnold Rüütel ja Toomas Hendrik Ilves raamaturiiulil

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Arnold Rüütel. Tuleviku taassünd. Tallinn : Ilo, 2001; Toomas Kall. Rüütel : rahva keeles ja meeles. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006; Eesti Vabariigi President Arnold Rüütel. [Tallinn] : Ilo, 2006; Arnold Rüütel. Agraar-tööstuskompleksi areng Eesti NSV-s. Tallinn : Valgus, 1982; Arnold Rüütel. President : [valik Vabariigi Presidendi Arnold Rüütli kõnedest]. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003; Toomas Hendrik Ilves. Eesti jõudmine. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006

Prevention of Eye Injuries

OpenAIRE

Pashby, Tom

1981-01-01

In Canada 30,000 people are registered as blind; in one third of these, blindness might have been avoided. Prevention is the key to reducing the number of eye injuries and blind eyes. The role of the family physician in early identification of treatable conditions and in the education of patients is discussed, but responsibility for prevention belongs to all physicians. The success of prevention is seen in the great reduction in eye injuries in industry and sports since eye protectors have be...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Disease Education Program Glaucoma Education Program Low Vision Education Program ... Eye Ask a Scientist Video Series Glossary The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and Safety ...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg and Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2010-01-01

Arvustus: Käsper, Kalle. Buridanid. I-V. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005-2010 ; Kivastik, Mart. Eesti asjad. Tartu : Kaks Musketäri, 2010 ; Kangro, Maarja. Ahvid ja solidaarsus. Tallinn : Eesti keele Sihtasutus, 2010 ; Põder, Rein. Unustatud. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2010 ; Kesküla, Kalev. Elu sumedusest. Tallinn : Tuum, 2009 ; Pilv, Aare. Ramadaan. Tallinn : Tuum, 2010

Penetrating eye injury in war.

Science.gov (United States)

Biehl, J W; Valdez, J; Hemady, R K; Steidl, S M; Bourke, D L

1999-11-01

The percentage of penetrating eye injuries in war has increased significantly in this century compared with the total number of combat injuries. With the increasing use of fragmentation weapons and possibly laser weapons on the battle-field in the future, the rate of eye injuries may exceed the 13% of the total military injuries found in Operations Desert Storm/Shield. During the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), eye injuries revealed that retained foreign bodies and posterior segment injuries have an improved prognosis in future military ophthalmic surgery as a result of modern diagnostic and treatment modalities. Compared with the increasing penetrating eye injuries on the battlefield, advances in ophthalmic surgery are insignificant. Eye armor, such as visors that flip up and down and protect the eyes from laser injury, needs to be developed. Similar eye protection is being developed in civilian sportswear. Penetrating eye injury in the civilian sector is becoming much closer to the military model and is now comparable for several reasons.

Danish Rural Eye Study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høeg, Tracy Beth; Ellervik, Christina; Buch, Helena

2016-01-01

, Danish Rural Eye Study (DRES). All DRES participants received a comprehensive general health examination preceding their eye examination, including measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for each eye, bilateral 45° retinal fundus photographs and further ophthalmological examination where...... indicated. RESULTS: Overall, 3826 of 3843 participants (99.6%) had bilateral visual acuity measurements. The overall frequency of VI (BCVA eye) was 0.4% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.2-0.7%; n = 15) among all DRES participants, 0.6% (95% CI 0.3-1.0%; n = 15) among participants...... >50 years and 3.7% (95% CI 2.1-6.5%; n = 11) in participants >80 years. The primary causes of VI in the better-seeing eye were age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 46.7% (7/15) and cataract in 26.7% (4/15). A total of 43.3% (n = 115) of participants >80 years were pseudophakic in one or both eyes...

Clinical observation of Qiming granule combined with Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops for dry eye

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jin-Lan Wan

2013-09-01

Full Text Available AIM: To observe the efficacy of Qiming granule combined with Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops in treatment of dry eye.METHODS: A randomized, parallel-control approach was adopted, 100 cases of dry eye patients were divided into treatment group and control group equally, observation on the treatment of 3 months. The treatment group was applied Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops combined with oral Qiming granule, simply Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops for control group. Before and after treatment, tear secretion volume, break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining and symptom were observed.RESULTS: After treatment, there was statistical significance for the break-up time, SⅠt and corneal fluorescein staining in both groups when compared with before treatment(PPCONCLUSION: The combined Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops and Qiming granule perform better than Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops only in treatment of dry eye.

Preventing Eye Injuries

Science.gov (United States)

... Your Eyes Sep 20, 2017 Eye Injuries from Laundry Packets On the Rise Jun 30, 2017 ... Medical Disclaimer Privacy Policy Terms of Service For Advertisers For Media Ophthalmology Job Center © American ...

Simultaneous measurement of eye stiffness and contact area for living human eyes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kurita, Yuichi; Iida, Yoshichika; Kaneko, Makoto; Mishima, Hiromu K; Katakura, Seiki; Kiuchi, Yoshiaki

2007-01-01

Goldmann applanation tonometry is commonly used for measuring IOP (IntraOcular Pressure) to diagnose glaucoma. However, the measured IOP by the applanation tonometry is valid only under the assumption that all the subjects have the same structural eye stiffness. Abnormal eye stiffness makes abnormal corneal deformation and thus the current applanation tonometer misestimates the IOP. This study challenges to measure the eye stiffness in vivo with a non-invasive approach for detecting the abnormal deformation. The deformation of the cornea and the contact area between the probe and the cornea are simultaneously captured by cameras during the experiment. Experimental results show that some subjects have different relationship among the force, the displacement and the contact area even with same IOP. The proposed eye stiffness measurement can help detecting the abnormal deformation and the eyes with misestimated IOP.

Impact of First Eye versus Second Eye Cataract Surgery on Visual Function and Quality of Life.

Science.gov (United States)

Shekhawat, Nakul S; Stock, Michael V; Baze, Elizabeth F; Daly, Mary K; Vollman, David E; Lawrence, Mary G; Chomsky, Amy S

2017-10-01

To compare the impact of first eye versus second eye cataract surgery on visual function and quality of life. Cohort study. A total of 328 patients undergoing separate first eye and second eye phacoemulsification cataract surgeries at 5 veterans affairs centers in the United States. Patients with previous ocular surgery, postoperative endophthalmitis, postoperative retinal detachment, reoperation within 30 days, dementia, anxiety disorder, hearing difficulty, or history of drug abuse were excluded. Patients received complete preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examinations for first eye and second eye cataract surgeries. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured 30 to 90 days preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients completed the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) 30 to 90 days preoperatively and postoperatively. The NEI-VFQ scores were calculated using a traditional subscale scoring algorithm and a Rasch-refined approach producing visual function and socioemotional subscale scores. Postoperative NEI-VFQ scores and improvement in NEI-VFQ scores comparing first eye versus second eye cataract surgery. Mean age was 70.4 years (±9.6 standard deviation [SD]). Compared with second eyes, first eyes had worse mean preoperative BCVA (0.55 vs. 0.36 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), P < 0.001), greater mean BCVA improvement after surgery (-0.50 vs. -0.32 logMAR, P < 0.001), and slightly worse postoperative BCVA (0.06 vs. 0.03 logMAR, P = 0.039). Compared with first eye surgery, second eye surgery resulted in higher postoperative NEI-VFQ scores for nearly all traditional subscales (P < 0.001), visual function subscale (-3.85 vs. -2.91 logits, P < 0.001), and socioemotional subscale (-2.63 vs. -2.10 logits, P < 0.001). First eye surgery improved visual function scores more than second eye surgery (-2.99 vs. -2.67 logits, P = 0.021), but both first and second eye surgeries resulted in similar

Pink Eye: What To Do

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

In this podcast, CDC's Adam Cohen, MD, a pediatrician and parent, discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye), a common eye condition in children and adults. He reviews pink eye causes and treatment, suggestions on when to call or visit a doctor, and practical tips to prevent pink eye from spreading.

In the Eye of the Beholder-  A Survey of Models for Eyes and Gaze

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Witzner Hansen, Dan; Ji, Qiang

2010-01-01

Despite active research and significant progress in the last 30 years, eye detection and tracking remains challenging due to the individuality of eyes, occlusion, variability in scale, location, and light conditions. Data on eye location and details of eye movements have numerous applications and...

Mida loed sina? / Indrek Hargla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hargla, Indrek, pseud., 1970-

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Pérez-Reverte, Arturo. Dumas̀ klubi ehk Richelieu vari. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Belials, Veiko. Jumalate vandenõu. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Põder, Rein. Eike. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2006 ; Reeve, Philip. Kuldseeklid. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2006 ; Martin, George R. R. Troonide mäng. Esimene raamat / tlk. Mario Kivistik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006. (Jää ja tule laul) (F-sari)

NASA's "Eyes" Focus on Education

Science.gov (United States)

Hussey, K.

2016-12-01

NASA's "Eyes on…" suite of products continues to grow in capability and popularity. The "Eyes on the Earth", "Eyes on the Solar System" and "Eyes on Exoplanets" real-time, 3D interactive visualization products have proven themselves as highly effective demonstration and communication tools for NASA's Earth and Space Science missions. This presentation will give a quick look at the latest updates to the "Eyes" suite plus what is being done to make them tools for STEM Education.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Leena Kurvet-Käosaar, Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Nurklik, Siim. Kas ma olen nüüd elus. Tallinn : S. Nurklik, 2010 ; Lintrop, Aado. Annapurna. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2010 ; Lintrop, Aado. Õhtud sõidavad õue. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2011 ; Saar, Anti. Tekste siledast ruumist. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2009 ; Hvostov, Andrei. Sillamäe passioon. Tartu : Petrone Print, 2011 ; Nõu, Helga. Valetaja. Tallinn : Eesti Ajalehed, 2011 ; Malin, Jaan. Alati vahe. Tallinn : Tuum, 2010 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Muutlik. Tallinn : Tuum, 2010 ; Luik, Viivi. Varjuteater. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2010

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2012-01-01

Arvustus: Kilusk, Ott. Veidrikud ja võpatused. Tallinn : Menu, 2012 ; Kilusk, Ott. Oktoobrikuine tuuker. Tallinn : Kirjastuskeskus, 2010 ; Hansen, Aime. Ma olin mereingel. Tallinn : Verb, 2011 ; Vallisoo, Mari. Koidutäht koolivihikus. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2011 ; Sinijärv, Karl Martin. Krümitor 0671. Tallinn ; Näo Kirik, 2011 ; Aareleid, Kai. Vene veri. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Ashilevi, Jim. Ma olen elus olemise tunne. Luige : Verb, 2011 ; Traat, Mats. Vastsed Harala elulood. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2011 ; Tamm, Margus. Unesnõiduja. Tallinn : Raudwara, 2011

Eye Pull, Eye Push: Moving Objects between Large Screens and Personal Devices with Gaze and Touch

OpenAIRE

Turner , Jayson; Alexander , Jason; Bulling , Andreas; Schmidt , Dominik; Gellersen , Hans

2013-01-01

Part 4: Gaze-Enabled Interaction Design; International audience; Previous work has validated the eyes and mobile input as a viable approach for pointing at, and selecting out of reach objects. This work presents Eye Pull, Eye Push, a novel interaction concept for content transfer between public and personal devices using gaze and touch. We present three techniques that enable this interaction: Eye Cut & Paste, Eye Drag & Drop, and Eye Summon & Cast. We outline and discuss several scenarios in...

Post-destructive eye surgery, associated depression at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Zimbabwe: Pilot Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. M. Kawome

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Destructive eye surgery is associated with more complications than just loss of visual functions of the eye and aesthetics. Currently there is very little published literature on post-destructive eye surgery associated depression. Zimbabwe has been experiencing a surge in the rate of destructive eye surgery done at the National Tertiary Eye Unit. This situation could be churning out lots of unrecognized depressed clients into the community who require assistance in one form or another. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of post-destructive eye surgery associated depression among patients attending Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital Eye Unit and assess if the current management protocol of patients undergoing destructive eye surgery at the Eye Unit addresses the problem adequately. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 28 randomly selected patients who had destructive eye surgeries at Sekuru Kaguvi Hospital was conducted over five months from 1st March 2012 to end of July 2012. A structured questionnaire containing 15 questions on the following items: gender, age, diagnosis, surgical procedure done, expectations before and after surgery, adequacy of counseling given and involvement of family was used to collect data. Nine questions to assess depression were adapted from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9. Setting:  The study was conducted at SekuruKaguvi Hospital Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals in Harare. Results:  Twenty-eight patients who underwent destructive eye surgery during the study period were selected using systematic random sampling. The gender ratio was 1:1 and the mean age was 38.7 years with a range from 24 to 65 years. Fifty percent of the patients in the study had orbital exenteration while the rest had enucleation (14% and evisceration (36%. Twenty-eight percent of the study population had depression. Conclusion: Destructive eye surgery is frequently associated with depression and our current management protocol of

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and Safety First Aid ... Your eyes are made up of many different parts that work together to help you see. Check out the ...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2003-01-01

Sinijärv, Karl- Martin. Artutart & 39. Tallinn : Tuum, 2002 ; Beier, Priidu. Monaco. Tartu : P. Beier, 2002 ; Malin, Jaan. Sulle. Tartu : J. Malin, 2003 ; Liiv, Toomas. Luuletused 1968-2002. Tallinn : Tuum, 2003 ; Mägi, Arvo. Katk ja koolera. Tartu : Ilmamaa ; Kross, Jaan. Omaeluloolisus ja alltekst. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Kaplinski, Jaan ; Salminen, Johannes. Ööd valged ja mustad. Tallinn : Loomingu Raamatukogu, 2003 ; Kauksi Ülle. Käänüpäiv. Tartu : Kauksi Ülle Mänedsment', 2003 ; Luik, Tõnu. Filosoofiast kõnelda. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2002 ; Teder, Tarmo. Pööningujutud. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2002 ; Vetemaa, Enn. Minu väga magus elu ehk martsipanimeister. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2002 ; Põldroos, Enn. Joonik kivi. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003 ; Suburg, Lilli. Kogutud kirjatööd. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2002 ; Mikelsaar, Henn. Müüritud. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2003 ; Kaus, Jan. Õndsate tund. Tallinn : Tuum, c2003

Effect of rb-bFGF eye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops on tear film stability and dry eye symptoms after age-related cataract surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jing Chen

2017-10-01

Full Text Available AIM: To compare and analyze the effect of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGFeye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops on the tear film stability and dry eye symptoms after age-related cataract surgery. METHODS: A total of 115 patients(115 affected eyeswith dry eyes after age-related cataract surgery were divided into the bFGF group, the hydroxyl indican group and the blank control group by the random number table method. The blank control group was only given routine anti-inflammatory treatment, and on the basis, the bFGF group and the hydroxyl indican group were treated with bFGF eye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops respectively. The clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, changes in scores of dry eye symptoms, Schirmer test(SⅠt, tear film break-up time(BUTand corneal fluorescein staining(CFSscores at different time points were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: The total markedly effective rates in the bFGF group(89.5%was higher than that in the hydroxyl indican group(70.3%or the blank control group(47.5%(PPPCONCLUSION: The tear film is unstable in early stage after age-related cataract surgery, and there are dry eye symptoms. The intervention with bFGF eye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops can effectively restore the tear film stability and significantly relieve dry eye symptoms, and the effect of bFGF eye drops is more significant.

Eye Disease and Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Thomas Barnebeck; Dalgaard, Carl-Johan Lars; Selaya, Pablo

This research advances the hypothesis that cross-country variation in the historical incidence of eye disease has influenced the current global distribution of per capita income. The theory is that pervasive eye disease diminished the incentive to accumulate skills, thereby delaying the fertility...... transition and the take-off to sustained economic growth. In order to estimate the influence from eye disease incidence empirically, we draw on an important fact from the field of epidemiology: Exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB-R) is an underlying determinant of several forms of eye disease...

Post-LASIK dry eye

Science.gov (United States)

Shtein, Roni M

2011-01-01

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a frequently performed corneal refractive surgery with excellent refractive outcomes. The most common complication of LASIK is dry eyes, with virtually all patients developing some degree of dryness in the immediate postoperative period. Identifying preoperative dry eyes, and conscientious attention and treatment in the perioperative time period, can lead to enhanced patient satisfaction and more accurate visual outcomes. Improved understanding of the development of dry eyes after LASIK will advance our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of dry eye disease. PMID:22174730

Clinical observation of Qiming granule combined with Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops for dry eye

OpenAIRE

Jin-Lan Wan; Ming-Chang Zhang

2013-01-01

AIM: To observe the efficacy of Qiming granule combined with Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops in treatment of dry eye.METHODS: A randomized, parallel-control approach was adopted, 100 cases of dry eye patients were divided into treatment group and control group equally, observation on the treatment of 3 months. The treatment group was applied Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops combined with oral Qiming granule, simply Dextran and Hypromellose eye drops for control group. Before and after tr...

Eye and orbital cavity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panfilova, G.V.; Koval', G.Yu.

1984-01-01

Radioanatomy of eyes and orbit is described. Diseases of the orbit (developmental anomalies, inflammatory diseases, lacrimal apparatus deseases, toxoplasmosis, tumors and cysts et al.), methods of foreign body localization in the eye are considered. Roentgenograms of the orbit and calculation table for foreign body localization in spherical eyes of dissimilar diameter are presented

The Dragon Eyes the Top of the World: Arctic Policy Debate and Discussion in China (China Maritime Study, Number 8)

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-01

and the formulation of state policy on the other are usually only translucent , if not opaque, to outsiders, the presence and apparent tolera- tion of...Arctic geopolitical affairs but give no concrete specifics. One basic position seems to inform Li’s many articles: China wants and deserves a piece...is no way for them to be transformed into concrete restrictive directives. Further, the Arctic Council established by AEPS as the largest inter

Book reviews / by Jürgen Rooste and Paul Raud

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rooste, Jürgen, 1979-

2016-01-01

Arvustus: Sinijärv, Karl Martin. KMSX: kuidas öelda. Tallinn Näo Kirik, 2016 ; Heinsaar, Mehis. Unistuste tappev kasvamine. Tallinn : Menu, 2016 ; Friedenthal, Meelis. Inglite keel. Tallinn : Varrak, 2016 ; Filimonov, P. I. Laulis, kuni kõik lõppes / tõlkinud Ingrid Velbaum-Staub. Tallinn : Varrak, 2016 ; Urgas, Silvia. Siht/Koht. Tartu : Elusamus, 2015 ; Kaus, Jan. Läheduste raamat. Tallinn : Verb, 2016

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... National Eye Institute’s mission is to “conduct and support research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to blinding eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of sight, ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Ask a Scientist Video Series Glossary The Visual System Your Eyes’ Natural Defenses Eye Health and Safety ... much as it does on your eyes. ... of Health | USA.gov NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health ®

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... search for current job openings visit HHS USAJobs Home >> NEI for Kids >> About the Eye Listen All ... much as it does on your eyes. NEI Home Contact Us A-Z Site Map NEI on ...

About the Eye

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Full Text Available ... Vision Education Program Hispanic/Latino Program Vision and Aging Program African American Program Training and Jobs Fellowships ... Defenses Eye Health and Safety First Aid Tips Healthy Vision Tips Protective Eyewear Sports and Your Eyes ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... First Aid Tips Healthy Vision Tips Protective Eyewear Sports and Your Eyes Fun Stuff Cool Eye Tricks ... website is maintained by the NEI Office of Science Communications, Public Liaison, and Education. Technical questions about ...

Numerical study of Tallinn storm-water system flooding conditions using CFD simulations of multi-phase flow in a large-scale inverted siphon

Science.gov (United States)

Kaur, K.; Laanearu, J.; Annus, I.

2017-10-01

The numerical experiments are carried out for qualitative and quantitative interpretation of a multi-phase flow processes associated with malfunctioning of the Tallinn storm-water system during rain storms. The investigations are focused on the single-line inverted siphon, which is used as under-road connection of pipes of the storm-water system under interest. A multi-phase flow solver of Computational Fluid Dynamics software OpenFOAM is used for simulating the three-phase flow dynamics in the hydraulic system. The CFD simulations are performed with different inflow rates under same initial conditions. The computational results are compared essentially in two cases 1) design flow rate and 2) larger flow rate, for emptying the initially filled inverted siphon from a slurry-fluid. The larger flow-rate situations are under particular interest to detected possible flooding. In this regard, it is anticipated that the CFD solutions provide an important insight to functioning of inverted siphon under a restricted water-flow conditions at simultaneous presence of air and slurry-fluid.

simEye: computer-based simulation of visual perception under various eye defects using Zernike polynomials

OpenAIRE

Fink, Wolfgang; Micol, Daniel

2006-01-01

We describe a computer eye model that allows for aspheric surfaces and a three-dimensional computer-based ray-tracing technique to simulate optical properties of the human eye and visual perception under various eye defects. Eye surfaces, such as the cornea, eye lens, and retina, are modeled or approximated by a set of Zernike polynomials that are fitted to input data for the respective surfaces. A ray-tracing procedure propagates light rays using Snell’s law of refraction from an input objec...

Kolm kogumikku Eesti ajaloolisi linnaplaane / Heino Mardiste

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mardiste, Heino, 1936-

2016-01-01

Tutvustus: Eesti linnade plaanid 1584-2011 [Kaart] / koostaja Tõnu Raid. Tallinn : Grenader, 2013 ; Tartu ajaloolistel linnaplaanidel 1600-2010 [Kaart] / koostaja Tõnu Raid. Tallinn : Grenader, 2015 ; Tallinn ajaloolistel linnaplaanidel 1634-1989 [Kaart] / koostaja Tõnu Raid. Tallinn : Grenader, 2011

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... NIH), the National Eye Institute’s mission is to “conduct and support research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to blinding eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Eye Institute’s mission is to “conduct and support research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to blinding eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of sight, and the ...

About the Eye

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Full Text Available ... Clinical Director Laboratories, Sections and Units Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications eyeGENE Research Directors Office Office ... Diabetic Eye Disease Education Program Glaucoma Education Program Low Vision Education Program Hispanic/Latino Program Vision and ...

Pink Eye (Conjunctivitis)

Science.gov (United States)

... or child care if you're not able to take time off — just stay consistent in practicing good hygiene. Preventing pink eye in newborns Newborns' eyes are susceptible to bacteria normally present in the mother's birth canal. ...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... the special health problems and requirements of the blind.” News & Events Events Calendar NEI Press Releases News ... First Aid Tips Healthy Vision Tips Protective Eyewear Sports and Your Eyes Fun Stuff Cool Eye Tricks ...

The all seeing eye?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koenderink, Jan J.

2014-01-01

The All Seeing Eye? Did you know that you are probably a believer in the All Seeing Eye? The odds are that I’m right—why? Well, the bulk of mainstream vision literature blindly relies on the All Seeing Eye. It is written all over papers, albeit between the lines. Understandably so, for scientists

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Home » NEI for Kids » About the Eye Listen All About Vision About the Eye Ask a Scientist ... you can see and make sense of the world around you. Did You Know? Vision depends on ...

About the Eye

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Full Text Available ... search for current job openings visit HHS USAJobs Home » NEI for Kids » About the Eye Listen All ... much as it does on your eyes. NEI Home Contact Us A-Z Site Map NEI on ...

Inflammation in dry eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Stern, Michael E; Pflugfelder, Stephen C

2004-04-01

Dry eye is a condition of altered tear composition that results from a diseased or dysfunctional lacrimal functional unit. Evidence suggests that inflammation causes structural alterations and/or functional paralysis of the tear-secreting glands. Changes in tear composition resulting from lacrimal dysfunction, increased evaporation and/or poor clearance have pro-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. This inflammation is responsible in part for the irritation symptoms, ocular surface epithelial disease, and altered corneal epithelial barrier function in dry eye. Anti-inflammatory therapies for dry eye target one or more of the inflammatory mediators/pathways that have been identified in dry eye.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2005-01-01

Tutvustus: Henno, Sass. Mina olin siin. 1 : esimene arest. Tallinn : Eesti Päevaleht, 2005 ; Kruusvall, Jaan. Sinetavad kaugused : valitud proosat. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2004 ; Hirv, Indrek. Klaaskübara all : [esseed]. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2004 ; Õudne Eesti : valimik eesti õudusjutte. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Ruitlane, Olavi. Kroonu. Räpina : Väiku Välläandja, 2005 ; Ehin, Kristiina. Kaitseala. Tallinn : Huma, 2005 ; Kivirähk, Andrus. Jutud. Tallinn : Eesti Kirjanduse Sihtasutus, 2005 ; Talvet, Jüri. Unest, lumest. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005 ; Künnap, Asko. Kõige ilusam sõda. Tallinn : Näo Kirik, 2004 ; Kaplinski, Jaan. Kaks päikest : teistmoodi muinaslood. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2005 ; Alver, Betti. Koguja : suur luuleraamat. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... NIH), the National Eye Institute’s mission is to “conduct and support research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to blinding eye diseases, visual disorders, mechanisms of visual function, preservation of sight, and ...

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2015-01-01

Arvustus: Viitol, Livia. Jutte ja novelle. Tallinn : Libri Livoniae, 2014 ; Talvet, Jüri. Ten Letters to Montaigne : "Self" and "other". Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2014 ; Rooste, Jürgen. Suur sume, suur tume. [Luige (Kiili vald)] : Verb, 2014 ; Kross, Märten. Hullumäng. [Tallinn] : Tammerraamat, 2014 ; Kaus, Jan. Ma olen elus. Tallinn : Tuum, 2014 ; Kangro, Maarja. Hüppa tulle. Tallinn : Nähtamatu Ahv, 2014 ; Kasemaa, Andrus. Minu viimane raamat. Tallinn : Varrak, 2014 ; Raik, Katri. Minu Narva : kahe maailma vahel. [Tartu] : Petrone Print, 2013 ; Kareva, Doris. Maailma asemel. [Kordustr. Tallinn] : Verb, 2014

Nobelistid : süütuse rebestus ja üllatus / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2008-01-01

Tutvustatakse 2008. a. eesti keeles ilmunud Nobeli kirjandusauhinna laureaatide jt. teoseid: Faulkner, William. Absalom, Absalom! / tlk. Kersti Unt. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008 ; Dostojevski, Fjodor. Alandatud ja solvatud / tlk. Leopold Kenn. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2008 ; Böll, Heinrich. Ametisõidu lõpp / tlk. Mati Sirkel. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Morrison, Toni. Dzhäss / tlk. Udo Uibo ja Krista Kaer. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Laxness, Halld̤r. Islandi kell / tlk. Arvo Alas ja Askur Alas. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Bunin, Ivan. Armastuse grammatika : [novellid] / koost. Rein Põder ; tlk. Jüri Pärni. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2008

'An eye, for eyes - mission' - From dream to reality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parikumar P

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Corneal transplantation has been in routine practice to treat corneal endothelial diseases like Bullous Keratopathy, in which either the whole cornea or the partial cornea (the endothelium alone is transplanted from the cadaver donor to the recipient with the endothelial disease [1]. In whole corneal or partial corneal transplant one cadaver donor's cornea can be used to treat one recipient cornea only, which leads to a huge global shortage of donor corneas [2]. At this juncture Yokoo et al isolated and expanded corneal endothelial precursors using the sphere forming assay in vitro [3] and demonstrated the in vivo transplantation of these corneal endothelial precursors in a rabbit model of bullous keratopathy [4]. Following this, we studied the transportation of cadaver donor derived corneal endothelial tissue (CET from human cadaver donors in a thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP (4 based transportation cocktail without cool preservation and demonstrated the viability of human corneal endothelial precursor (HCEP cells isolated from these CETs even after 72 hours of transportation without cool preservation [5]. This was done to suit the conditions existing in developing nations like India where hospitals might be located far from eye banks and maintaining cold chain preservation is relatively difficult. Further, these HCEPs were expanded in vitro using a polymer based expansion protocol [5]. This was the first step in the realisation of the dream of 'Eye for eyes' in a manner suitable for Indian conditions. Corneal transplantation has been in routine practice to treat corneal endothelial diseases like Bullous Keratopathy, in which either the whole cornea or the partial cornea (the endothelium alone is transplanted from the cadaver donor to the recipient with the endothelial disease [1]. In whole corneal or partial corneal transplant one cadaver donor's cornea can be used to treat one recipient cornea only, which leads to a huge global

In vitro eye corrosion study of agrochemicals on isolated chicken eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Buda, I; Budai, P; Szabó, R; Lehel, J

2013-01-01

Agrochemicals must undergo numberless toxicological tests before marketing. The eye irritation test is part of this test packet. Nowadays, OECD 405 can be used to classify the irritation potential of substances, the base of the OECD 405 guideline is the Draize test, which is one of the most criticized in vivo methods because of the injuries of the test animals and subjective nature of the test in recording the results. Therefore, several in vitro tests have been developed to replace totally or partly the in vivo eye irritation testing. The isolated chicken eye test method (OECD 438), which was used, is one of these alternative methods. Five different agrochemicals were examined in the following way: All test compounds were applied in a single dose onto the cornea of isolated chicken eyes in order to potentially classify the test compounds as ocular corrosive and/or severe irritant. The damages caused by the test substances were assessed by the determination of corneal swelling, opacity, fluorescein retention and morphological effects. These parameters were evaluated pre-treatment and starting at approximately 30, 75, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after the post-treatment rinse. The endpoints evaluated were corneal opacity, swelling, fluorescein retention and morphological effects. All of the endpoints, with the exception of fluorescein retention (which was determined only at pre-treatment and 30 minutes after test substance exposure) were determined at each of the above time points. Positive and negative controls were used and they showed the expected results in each study. In these in vitro eye corrosives and severe irritants studies, using the Isolated Chicken Eye model with five different products, no ocular corrosion or severe irritation potential were observed. These results correspond to the available information about the tested agrochemicals, so these studies with isolated chicken eye are considered to be successful.

The eye amputated - consequences of eye amputation with emphasis on clinical aspects, phantom eye syndrome and quality of life.

Science.gov (United States)

Rasmussen, Marie Louise Roed

2010-12-01

In this thesis the term eye amputation (EA) covers the removing of an eye by: evisceration, enucleation and exenteration. Amputation of an eye is most frequently the end-stage in a complicated disease, or the primary treatment in trauma and neoplasm. In 2010 the literature is extensive due to knowledge about types of surgery, implants and surgical technique. However, not much is known about the time past surgery. To identify the number of EA, the causative diagnosis and the indication for surgical removal of the eye, the chosen surgical technique and to evaluate a possible change in surgical technique in Denmark from 1996 until 2003 (paper I); To describe the phantom eye syndrome and its prevalence of visual hallucinations, phantom pain and phantom sensations (paper II); To characterise the quality of phantom eye pain, including its intensity and frequency among EA patients. We attempted to identify patients with increased risk of developing pain after EA and investigated if preoperative pain is a risk factor for a later development of phantom pain (paper III); In addition we wanted to investigate the health related quality of life, perceived stress, self rated health, job separation due to illness or disability and socio-economic position of the EA in comparison with the general Danish population (paper IV). Records on 431 EA patients, clinical ophthalmological examination and an interview study of 173 EA patients and a questionnaire answered by 120 EA patients. The most frequent indications for EA in Denmark were painful blind eye (37%) and neoplasm (34%). During the study period 1996-2003, the annual number of eye amputations was stable, but an increase in bulbar eviscerations was noticed. Orbital implants were used with an increasing tendency until 2003. The Phantom eye syndrome is frequent among EA patients. Visual hallucinations were described by 42% of the patients. The content were mainly elementary visual hallucinations, with white or colored light as a

Epidemiology of pediatric ocular trauma in the Chaoshan Region, China, 2001-2010.

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, He; Li, Liping; Zhang, Mingzhi; Li, Hongni

2013-01-01

Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular visual disability and noncongenital unilateral blindness in children. This study describes the epidemiology and medical care associated with nonfatal pediatric (≤ 17 years of age) eye injury-related hospitalization in the largest industrial base for plastic toy production in China. A population-based retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular and orbital trauma in the ophthalmology departments of 3 major tertiary hospitals from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2010 was performed. The study included 1035 injured eyes from 1018 patients over a 10-year period: 560 (54.1%) eyes exhibited open globe injuries, 402 (38.8%) eyes suffered closed globe injuries, 10 (1.0%) eyes suffered chemical injuries and 8 (0.8%) eyes exhibited thermal injuries, representing an average annual hospitalization rate of 0.37 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.38) due to pediatric eye injury in the Chaoshan region. The mean patient age was 9.2 ± 4.4 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1 (P = 0.007). Children aged 6 to 11 years accounted for the highest percentage (40.8%, 416/1018) of hospitalization, 56.7% (236/416) of whom were hospitalized for open globe wounds. Injury occurred most frequently at home (73.1%). Open globe wounds cost the single most expensive financial burden (60.8%) of total charges with $998 ± 702 mean charges per hospitalization. Open globe wounds occurred at home are earmarked for the priorities to prevention strategies. Higher public awareness of protecting primary schoolchildren from home-related eye injuries should be strengthened urgently by legislation or regulation since the traditional industrial mode seems to remain the pattern for the foreseeable future. Further research that provide detailed information on the specific inciting agents of pediatric eye injuries are recommended for facilitating the development and targeting of appropriate injury prevention initiatives.

Epidemiology of pediatric ocular trauma in the Chaoshan Region, China, 2001-2010.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

He Cao

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular visual disability and noncongenital unilateral blindness in children. This study describes the epidemiology and medical care associated with nonfatal pediatric (≤ 17 years of age eye injury-related hospitalization in the largest industrial base for plastic toy production in China. METHODS: A population-based retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular and orbital trauma in the ophthalmology departments of 3 major tertiary hospitals from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2010 was performed. RESULTS: The study included 1035 injured eyes from 1018 patients over a 10-year period: 560 (54.1% eyes exhibited open globe injuries, 402 (38.8% eyes suffered closed globe injuries, 10 (1.0% eyes suffered chemical injuries and 8 (0.8% eyes exhibited thermal injuries, representing an average annual hospitalization rate of 0.37 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.38 due to pediatric eye injury in the Chaoshan region. The mean patient age was 9.2 ± 4.4 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1 (P = 0.007. Children aged 6 to 11 years accounted for the highest percentage (40.8%, 416/1018 of hospitalization, 56.7% (236/416 of whom were hospitalized for open globe wounds. Injury occurred most frequently at home (73.1%. Open globe wounds cost the single most expensive financial burden (60.8% of total charges with $998 ± 702 mean charges per hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Open globe wounds occurred at home are earmarked for the priorities to prevention strategies. Higher public awareness of protecting primary schoolchildren from home-related eye injuries should be strengthened urgently by legislation or regulation since the traditional industrial mode seems to remain the pattern for the foreseeable future. Further research that provide detailed information on the specific inciting agents of pediatric eye injuries are recommended for facilitating the development and targeting of

Effect of rb-bFGF eye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops on tear film stability and dry eye symptoms after age-related cataract surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu Ling

2018-01-01

Full Text Available AIM: To investigate the effect of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor(rb-bFGFeye drops and hydroxyl indican eye drops on tear film stability and dry eye symptoms after age-related cataract surgery. METHODS: Totally 80 patients with 80 affected eyes undergoing age-related cataract surgery in our hospital from January 2015 to October 2016 were selected as study subjects, and they were randomly divided into control group and experimental group with 40 patients(40 affected eyesin each group. The two groups were treated with hydroxyl indican eye drops and rb-bFGF eye drops, respectively. The clinical curative effect, inflammation related factors \\〖interleukin 6(IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α\\〗, Schirmer test(SⅠt, break-up time(BUTof tear film, corneal sodium fluorescein staining(FLand scores of dry eye symptoms in the two groups were observed. RESULTS: The total treatment effective rate of experimental group after treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group(90.0% vs 72.5%; χ2=4.021, PP>0.05. After treatment, IL-6, TNF-α, SⅠt, FL score and scores of dry eye symptoms in two groups significantly decreased while BUT significantly increased(PPCONCLUSION: In the treatment of patients after age-related cataract after surgery, rb-bFGF eye drops has more advantages over hydroxyl indican eye drops in regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, improving the tear film stability and relieving dry eye symptoms.

Dry eye syndrome

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000426.htm Dry eye syndrome To use the sharing features on this page, ... second-hand smoke exposure Cold or allergy medicines Dry eye can also be caused by: Heat or ... Symptoms may include: Blurred vision Burning, itching, ...

The Tromsø Eye Study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bertelsen, Geir; Erke, Maja G; von Hanno, Therese

2013-01-01

Purpose:  To describe the study design and methodology of the Tromsø Eye Study (TES), and to describe visual acuity and refractive error in the study population. Methods:  The Tromsø Eye Study is a sub-study of the Tromsø Study, a population-based multipurpose longitudinal study in the municipality...... of Tromsø, Norway. The Tromsø Eye Study was a part of the sixth survey of the Tromsø Study, conducted from October 2007 through December 2008. The eye examination included information on self-reported eye diseases, assessment of visual acuity and refractive errors, retinal photography and optical coherence...

Ocular biometric characteristics of cataract patients in western China.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Qing; Huang, Yongzhi; Luo, Qu; Fan, Wei

2018-04-17

We aimed to measure ocular biometric characteristics in older cataract patients from western China. Ocular biometry records were retrospectively analyzed for 6933 patients with cataracts (6933 eyes) at least 50 years old who were treated at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Partial coherence laser interferometry gave the following population averages: axial length (AL), 24.32 ± 2.42 mm; anterior chamber depth (ACD), 3.08 ± 0.47 mm; keratometric power (K), 44.23 ± 1.66 diopters; and corneal astigmatism (CA), 1.00 ± 0.92 diopters. The percentage of individuals with AL > 26.5 mm was 13.66%, while the percentage with CA > 1.0 diopters was 35.54%. Mean AL and ACD showed a trend of decrease with increasing age (P biometric characteristics as other populations. The high prevalence of severe axial myopia warrants further investigation.

Journey towards yourself / Rein Veidemann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veidemann, Rein, 1946-

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Luik, Viivi. Varjuteater. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2010 ; Luik, Viivi, Rosma, Hedi. Ma olen raamat. Tallinn : SE & JS, 2010 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Armastuse laiad, kõrged hooned. Tallinn : Tuum, 2010 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Muutlik. Tallinn : Tuum, 2010

SU-G-IeP4-09: Method of Human Eye Aberration Measurement Using Plenoptic Camera Over Large Field of View

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lv, Yang; Wang, Ruixing; Ma, Haotong; Zhang, Xuanzhe; Ning, Yu; Xu, Xiaojun

2016-01-01

wave-front in different visual angle simultaneously, which provides an approach in building up 3-D model of eye refractor tomographically. Funded by the key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, CAS Research Project of National University of Defense Technology No. JC13-07-01; National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 61205144

SU-G-IeP4-09: Method of Human Eye Aberration Measurement Using Plenoptic Camera Over Large Field of View

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lv, Yang; Wang, Ruixing; Ma, Haotong; Zhang, Xuanzhe; Ning, Yu; Xu, Xiaojun [College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha (China)

2016-06-15

wave-front in different visual angle simultaneously, which provides an approach in building up 3-D model of eye refractor tomographically. Funded by the key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics, CAS Research Project of National University of Defense Technology No. JC13-07-01; National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 61205144.

Dry Eyes and Glaucoma: Double Trouble

Science.gov (United States)

... Involved News About Us Donate In This Section Dry Eyes and Glaucoma: Double Trouble email Send this article ... eye disease bothers the patient more. What Causes Dry Eye Syndrome? Dry eye can be caused by many ...

Eye-movements and ongoing task processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, David T; Meleger, Alec; Schneider, Jeffrey C; Snyder, Jim; Dorvlo, Atsu S S; Al-Adawi, Samir

2003-06-01

This study tests the relation between eye-movements and thought processing. Subjects were given specific modality tasks (visual, gustatory, kinesthetic) and assessed on whether they responded with distinct eye-movements. Some subjects' eye-movements reflected ongoing thought processing. Instead of a universal pattern, as suggested by the neurolinguistic programming hypothesis, this study yielded subject-specific idiosyncratic eye-movements across all modalities. Included is a discussion of the neurolinguistic programming hypothesis regarding eye-movements and its implications for the eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing theory.

Pink Eye: What To Do

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2010-10-12

In this podcast, CDC's Adam Cohen, MD, a pediatrician and parent, discusses conjunctivitis (pink eye), a common eye condition in children and adults. He reviews pink eye causes and treatment, suggestions on when to call or visit a doctor, and practical tips to prevent pink eye from spreading.  Created: 10/12/2010 by National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD).   Date Released: 10/13/2010.

Neuropathic pain and dry eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Galor, Anat; Moein, Hamid-Reza; Lee, Charity; Rodriguez, Adriana; Felix, Elizabeth R; Sarantopoulos, Konstantinos D; Levitt, Roy C

2018-01-01

Dry eye is a common, multifactorial disease currently diagnosed by a combination of symptoms and signs. Its epidemiology and clinical presentation have many similarities with neuropathic pain outside the eye. This review highlights the similarities between dry eye and neuropathic pain, focusing on clinical features, somatosensory function, and underlying pathophysiology. Implications of these similarities on the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye are discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The Eyes Are the Windows to the Mind: Direct Eye Gaze Triggers the Ascription of Others' Minds.

Science.gov (United States)

Khalid, Saara; Deska, Jason C; Hugenberg, Kurt

2016-12-01

Eye gaze is a potent source of social information with direct eye gaze signaling the desire to approach and averted eye gaze signaling avoidance. In the current work, we proposed that eye gaze signals whether or not to impute minds into others. Across four studies, we manipulated targets' eye gaze (i.e., direct vs. averted eye gaze) and measured explicit mind ascriptions (Study 1a, Study 1b, and Study 2) and beliefs about the likelihood of targets having mind (Study 3). In all four studies, we find novel evidence that the ascription of sophisticated humanlike minds to others is signaled by the display of direct eye gaze relative to averted eye gaze. Moreover, we provide evidence suggesting that this differential mentalization is due, at least in part, to beliefs that direct gaze targets are more likely to instigate social interaction. In short, eye contact triggers mind perception. © 2016 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Type 1 Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Laser Treatment of Large Preterm Infants in East China.

Science.gov (United States)

Shan, Haidong; Ni, Yinqing; Xue, Kang; Yu, Jia; Huang, Xin

2015-01-01

To describe Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its laser treatment outcomes in premature infants with birth weight > 1250 g in Eastern China. A retrospective review of 3175 ROP records was conducted at Shanghai Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The records were collected at the ROP clinic from 2006 to 2014, including their demographic and medical information such as gestational age, birth weight, supplemental oxygen therapy, systemic complications, ROP stage, location, presence of plus disease. All infants were examined by RetCam fundus camera. Those with Type 1 ROP were also examined by indirect ophthalmoscope before undergoing transpupillary laser treatment. A total of 12 infants (24 eyes) with Type 1 ROP and birth weight > 1250 g were enrolled. All infants enrolled had plus disease and ROP in zone II retina. Specifically, 16 eyes (67%) had stage 2 ROP. 8 eyes (33%) had stage 3 ROP. ROP regressed in 23 eyes (96%) following laser treatment. Partial retinal detachment developed in one eye (4%). No severe involution sequelaes or laser-related complications were recorded. Mean follow-up was 30±6 weeks. Type 1 ROP may occur in large premature infants who have undergone supplemental oxygen therapy. This Type 1 ROP is mainly located in zone II retina. Laser treatment is a safe and effective intervention for these infants.

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... luh) is the small, sensitive area of the retina needed for central vision. It contains the fovea. Lens is the clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light on the retina. It allows the eye to focus on both ...

LASIK Eye Surgery

Science.gov (United States)

... at the front of your eye — to improve vision. Normally, images are clearly focused on the retina in the back of your eye because the ... sharply, light rays focus in front of the retina and blur distant vision. You can see objects that are close fairly ...

SyntEyes KTC: higher order statistical eye model for developing keratoconus.

Science.gov (United States)

Rozema, Jos J; Rodriguez, Pablo; Ruiz Hidalgo, Irene; Navarro, Rafael; Tassignon, Marie-José; Koppen, Carina

2017-05-01

To present and validate a stochastic eye model for developing keratoconus to e.g. improve optical corrective strategies. This could be particularly useful for researchers that do not have access to original keratoconic data. The Scheimpflug tomography, ocular biometry and wavefront of 145 keratoconic right eyes were collected. These data were processed using principal component analysis for parameter reduction, followed by a multivariate Gaussian fit that produces a stochastic model for keratoconus (SyntEyes KTC). The output of this model is filtered to remove the occasional incorrect topography patterns by either an automatic or manual procedure. Finally, the output of this keratoconus model is matched to that of the original model for normal eyes using the non-corneal biometry to obtain a description of keratoconus development. The synthetic data generated by the model were found to be significantly equal to the original data (non-parametric Mann-Whitney equivalence test; 145/154 passed). The variability of the synthetic data, however, was often significantly less than that of the original data, especially for the higher order Zernike terms of corneal elevation (non-parametric Levene test; p eyes with incorrect topographies. Interpolation between matched pairs of normal and keratoconic SyntEyes appears to provide an adequate model for keratoconus progression. The synthetic data provided by the proposed keratoconus model closely resembles actual clinical data and may be used for a range of research applications when (sufficient) real data is not available. © 2017 The Authors Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2017 The College of Optometrists.

Assessment of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Asymmetric Keratoconic Eyes and Normal Eyes Using Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Catalan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. To compare the characteristics of asymmetric keratoconic eyes and normal eyes by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT corneal mapping. Methods. Retrospective corneal and epithelial thickness OCT data for 74 patients were compared in three groups of eyes: keratoconic (n=22 and normal fellow eyes (n=22 in patients with asymmetric keratoconus and normal eyes (n=104 in healthy subjects. Areas under the curve (AUC of receiver operator characteristic (ROC curves for each variable were compared across groups to indicate their discrimination capacity. Results. Three variables were found to differ significantly between fellow eyes and normal eyes (all p<0.05: minimum corneal thickness, thinnest corneal point, and central corneal thickness. These variables combined showed a high discrimination power to differentiate fellow eyes from normal eyes indicated by an AUC of 0.840 (95% CI: 0.762–0.918. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that topographically normal fellow eyes in patients with very asymmetric keratoconus differ from the eyes of healthy individuals in terms of their corneal epithelial and pachymetry maps. This type of information could be useful for an early diagnosis of keratoconus in topographically normal eyes.

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the normal human eye and its expression pattern in selected eye tumours

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Jinmei; Wu, Yazhen; Heegaard, Steffen

2011-01-01

Purpose: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme involved in neoplastic processes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate COX-2 expression in the normal human eye and the expression pattern in selected eye tumours involving COX-2 expressing cells. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining...... using antibodies against COX-2 was performed on paraffin sections of normal human eyes and selected eye tumours arising from cells expressing COX-2. Results: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was found in various structures of the normal eye. Abundant expression was seen in the cornea, iris, ciliary body...... and retina. The COX-2 expression was less in tumours deriving from the ciliary epithelium and also in retinoblastoma. Conclusion: Cyclooxygenase-2 is constitutively expressed in normal human eyes. The expression of COX-2 is much lower in selected eye tumours involving COX-2 expressing cells....

Altered aquaporin expression in glaucoma eyes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tran, Thuy Linh; Bek, Toke; Cour, Morten la

2014-01-01

Aquaporins (AQP) are channels in the cell membrane that mainly facilitate a passive transport of water. In the eye, AQPs are expressed in the ciliary body and retina and may contribute to the pathogenesis of glaucoma and optic neuropathy. We investigated the expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5......, AQP7 and AQP9 in human glaucoma eyes compared with normal eyes. Nine glaucoma eyes were examined. Of these, three eyes were diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma; three eyes had neovascular glaucoma; and three eyes had chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Six eyes with normal intraocular pressure...... and without glaucoma were used as control. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7 and AQP9. For each specimen, optical densities of immunoprecipitates were measured using Photoshop and the staining intensities were calculated. Immunostaining showed labelling...

Clinical effect of 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch for mild and moderate dry eye

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ke-Hua Wang

2018-05-01

Full Text Available AIM:To evaluate the clinic efficacy of 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch for mild and moderate dry eye. METHODS: In this prospective and multicenter study, a total of 320 cases(640 eyeswith mild and moderate dry eye were enrolled from 8 Aier Eye Hospitals in Changsha, Chongqing, Wuhan and so on from October 2016 to April 2017. The patients were assigned to eye patch group(160 casesand artificial tears group(160 casesbased on random number table. The patients in eye-patch group used 1g/L of anthocyanin eye-patch for more than 6h during night sleep, while the patients in artificial tears group used polyvinyl alcohol eye drops for 4 times per day. The evaluation of symptoms and signs were conducted on 1d before the treatment and 14d after the treatment. The evaluation of symptoms adopted the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI, while the observation of signs included tear secretion test(Schirmer Ⅰ test, SⅠt, first noninvasive tear breakup time(NITBUTfas well as average noninvasive tear breakup time(NITBUTavmeasured by Oculus ocular surface analyser. RESULTS: OSDI score, NITBUTf and NITBUTav in the two groups after treatment were significantly improved compared with that before treatment, and the difference had a statistical significance(PP>0.05. There was no significant difference in OSDI score, NITBUTf, NITBUTav and SⅠt between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05.CONCLUSION: The 1g/L anthocyanin eye-patch has similar efficacy with artificial tears for mild and moderate dry eye, which can effectively improve the symptoms and tear film stability.

Evaluation of treatment for dry eye with 2-hydroxyestradiol using a dry eye rat model.

Science.gov (United States)

Higuchi, Akihiro; Oonishi, Erina; Kawakita, Tetsuya; Tsubota, Kazuo

2016-01-01

2-hydroxy estradiol (2-OHE2) is a catechol derivative of 17β -Estradiol (E2) and it is synthesized from E2 catalyzed by cytochrome P4501A1. Previous studies reported that 2-OHE2 is a physiologic antioxidant in lipoproteins, liver microsomes, and the brain. Catechol derivatives show an anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGS) activity. Corneal erosion caused by dry eye is related to an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation in ocular surface cells. We investigated the therapeutic effects of 2-OHE2 on corneal damage caused by dry eye. Steroidal radical scavenging activity was confirmed through the electron spin resonance (ESR) method. PGS activity was measured using the COX Fluorescent Activity Assay Kit. To evaluate the effect of 2-OHE2 on the treatment for dry eye, 2-OHE2 was applied as an eye drop experiment using dry eye model rats. 2-OHE2 scavenged tyrosyl radical and possibly suppressed oxidative stress in corneal epithelial cells. In addition, 2-OHE2 inhibited PGS activity, and 2-OHE2 is probably a competitive inhibitor of PGS. Corneal PGS activity was upregulated in the dry eye group. Therefore, 2-OHE2 eye drops improved corneal erosion in dry eye model rats. 2-OHE2 is a candidate for the treatment of dry eye through the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress in the cornea.

Neli vaadet tuumale ja näivusele / Märt Väljataga

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Väljataga, Märt, 1965-

2009-01-01

Arvustus: Tuglas, Friedebert. Valik proosat / koostanud ja saatetekstid kirjutanud Jaan Undusk. Tallinn : Avita, 2009 ; Nietzsche, Friedrich. Tragöödia sünd. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2009 ; Kesküla, Kalev. Elu sumedusest. Tallinn : Tuum, 2009 ; Sirkel, Mati. Uued orva-aastad. Kommentaarium. Tallinn : Tuum, 2009

Analysis of Genetic Mutations in a Cohort of Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Shanghai, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Gan, Dekang; Li, Mengwei; Wu, Jihong; Sun, Xinghuai; Tian, Guohong

2017-01-01

To evaluate the clinical classification and characteristics of hereditary optic neuropathy patients in a single center in China. Retrospective case study. Patients diagnosed with hereditary optic neuropathy between January 2014 and December 2015 in the neuro-ophthalmology division in Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Clinical features as well as visual field, brain/orbital MRI, and spectrum domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were analyzed. Eighty-two patients diagnosed by gene test were evaluated, including 66 males and 16 females. The mean age of the patients was 19.4 years (range, 5-46 years). A total of 158 eyes were analyzed, including 6 unilateral, 61 bilateral, and 15 sequential. The median duration of the disease was 0.5 year (range, 0.1-20 years). Genetic test identified 68 patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 9 with dominant optic neuropathy, and 2 with a Wolfram gene mutation. There was also one case of hereditary spastic paraplegia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and polymicrogyria with optic nerve atrophy, respectively. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is the most common detected type of hereditary optic neuropathy in Shanghai, China. The detection of other autosomal mutations in hereditary optic neuropathy is limited by the currently available technique.

On Biometrics With Eye Movements.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Youming; Juhola, Martti

2017-09-01

Eye movements are a relatively novel data source for biometric identification. When video cameras applied to eye tracking become smaller and more efficient, this data source could offer interesting opportunities for the development of eye movement biometrics. In this paper, we study primarily biometric identification as seen as a classification task of multiple classes, and secondarily biometric verification considered as binary classification. Our research is based on the saccadic eye movement signal measurements from 109 young subjects. In order to test the data measured, we use a procedure of biometric identification according to the one-versus-one (subject) principle. In a development from our previous research, which also involved biometric verification based on saccadic eye movements, we now apply another eye movement tracker device with a higher sampling frequency of 250 Hz. The results obtained are good, with correct identification rates at 80-90% at their best.

What do your eyes say? Bridging eye movements to consumer behavior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Rosa

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Eye tracking (ET is a technique that has been progressively employed to study the influence of visual stimuli on attentional processes and consumer behavior. The goals of the present theoretical article are fourfold and are based on an extensive literature revision. First, a brief historical review of ET methodology is introduced, presenting the evolution of ET techniques from the ancient proto-eye trackers to the “fresh” state-of-theart eye ET devices. Second, the basics of ET are clarified through a simplified technical and mathematical explanation. Third, the triad eye movement-attention-consumer behavior is made clear, grounded on attention, interest, desire, and action (AIDA theoretical model. Fourth, the most used oculometrics in marketing studies are explained and distinguished The present article addresses a number of technical and methodological issues by discussing challenges involved in ET systems and giving some guidelines for those who intend to apply ET to infer cognitive and emotional processes.

Different schematic eyes and their accuracy to the in vivo eye: a quantitative comparison study

OpenAIRE

Almeida, Marina Storani de; Carvalho, Luis Alberto

2007-01-01

Current ophthalmic technology allows the manipulation of eye components, such as anterior cornea and lens, of the human eye with a considerable precision and customization. This technology opens up the possibility of exploiting some characteristics of the eye in order to improve the methods of correcting optical aberrations. Moreover, product development and research for the eye-care professional has reached very high standards, since there is nowadays software available to design and simulat...

About the Eye

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Learn how the different parts of your eye work together so you can see and make sense of the world around you. Did You Know? Vision depends on your brain as much as it does on your eyes. NEI Home Contact Us A-Z Site Map NEI on ...

Model-based dose calculations for COMS eye plaque brachytherapy using an anatomically realistic eye phantom.

Science.gov (United States)

Lesperance, Marielle; Inglis-Whalen, M; Thomson, R M

2014-02-01

To investigate the effects of the composition and geometry of ocular media and tissues surrounding the eye on dose distributions for COMS eye plaque brachytherapy with(125)I, (103)Pd, or (131)Cs seeds, and to investigate doses to ocular structures. An anatomically and compositionally realistic voxelized eye model with a medial tumor is developed based on a literature review. Mass energy absorption and attenuation coefficients for ocular media are calculated. Radiation transport and dose deposition are simulated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo user-code BrachyDose for a fully loaded COMS eye plaque within a water phantom and our full eye model for the three radionuclides. A TG-43 simulation with the same seed configuration in a water phantom neglecting the plaque and interseed effects is also performed. The impact on dose distributions of varying tumor position, as well as tumor and surrounding tissue media is investigated. Each simulation and radionuclide is compared using isodose contours, dose volume histograms for the lens and tumor, maximum, minimum, and average doses to structures of interest, and doses to voxels of interest within the eye. Mass energy absorption and attenuation coefficients of the ocular media differ from those of water by as much as 12% within the 20-30 keV photon energy range. For all radionuclides studied, average doses to the tumor and lens regions in the full eye model differ from those for the plaque in water by 8%-10% and 13%-14%, respectively; the average doses to the tumor and lens regions differ between the full eye model and the TG-43 simulation by 2%-17% and 29%-34%, respectively. Replacing the surrounding tissues in the eye model with water increases the maximum and average doses to the lens by 2% and 3%, respectively. Substituting the tumor medium in the eye model for water, soft tissue, or an alternate melanoma composition affects tumor dose compared to the default eye model simulation by up to 16%. In the full eye model

Model-based dose calculations for COMS eye plaque brachytherapy using an anatomically realistic eye phantom

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lesperance, Marielle; Inglis-Whalen, M.; Thomson, R. M.

2014-01-01

Purpose : To investigate the effects of the composition and geometry of ocular media and tissues surrounding the eye on dose distributions for COMS eye plaque brachytherapy with 125 I, 103 Pd, or 131 Cs seeds, and to investigate doses to ocular structures. Methods : An anatomically and compositionally realistic voxelized eye model with a medial tumor is developed based on a literature review. Mass energy absorption and attenuation coefficients for ocular media are calculated. Radiation transport and dose deposition are simulated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo user-code BrachyDose for a fully loaded COMS eye plaque within a water phantom and our full eye model for the three radionuclides. A TG-43 simulation with the same seed configuration in a water phantom neglecting the plaque and interseed effects is also performed. The impact on dose distributions of varying tumor position, as well as tumor and surrounding tissue media is investigated. Each simulation and radionuclide is compared using isodose contours, dose volume histograms for the lens and tumor, maximum, minimum, and average doses to structures of interest, and doses to voxels of interest within the eye. Results : Mass energy absorption and attenuation coefficients of the ocular media differ from those of water by as much as 12% within the 20–30 keV photon energy range. For all radionuclides studied, average doses to the tumor and lens regions in the full eye model differ from those for the plaque in water by 8%–10% and 13%–14%, respectively; the average doses to the tumor and lens regions differ between the full eye model and the TG-43 simulation by 2%–17% and 29%–34%, respectively. Replacing the surrounding tissues in the eye model with water increases the maximum and average doses to the lens by 2% and 3%, respectively. Substituting the tumor medium in the eye model for water, soft tissue, or an alternate melanoma composition affects tumor dose compared to the default eye model simulation by up

Effect of lipid-based dry eye supplements on the tear film in wearers of eye cosmetics.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Michael T M; Cho, Irene Sung Hee; Jung, Soo Hee; Craig, Jennifer P

2017-08-01

To compare the effects on tear film parameters and contamination in cosmetic eyeliner wearers, after single application of two lipid-based dry eye treatments: a lipid-containing lubricant eye drop and a phospholipid liposomal spray. Fifty participants were enrolled in a prospective, randomised, paired-eye, investigator-masked trial. Pencil eyeliner (Body Shop ® Crayon Eye Definer) was applied to the upper eyelid periocular skin of both eyes, anterior to the lash line. Baseline tear film quality was assessed fifteen minutes after eyeliner application. A lubricant drop (Systane ® Balance) was then applied to one eye (randomised), and liposomal spray (Tears Again ® ) to the contralateral eye. Tear film contamination, lipid layer grade, non-invasive tear film break-up time and tear evaporation rate were evaluated fifteen minutes post-treatment and compared to pre-treatment values. Pre-treatment measurements did not differ between eyes assigned to lubricant drop and liposomal spray. Tear film contamination was observed in a greater proportion of eyes following both treatments (both p0.05). Changes in tear film parameters did not differ between treatments (all p>0.05). Both the lipid-containing lubricant eye drop and phospholipid liposomal spray result in clinically apparent tear film contamination in eyeliner cosmetic wearers. Although both treatments effected an increase in lipid layer thickness, neither displayed clinical efficacy in improving tear film stability. Copyright © 2017 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

LIMNOLOGICAL OPTOMETRY: EXAMINING EARTH'S EYE

Science.gov (United States)

In Thoreau's Walden, a lake is described as the landscape's most expressive feature and the earth's eye. Collectively, scientists are charged by society to assess, monitor, and remedy maladies of earth's eye in the same way optometrists maintain the health of the human eye. This ...

Simulation of wave propagation inside a human eye: acoustic eye model (AEM)

Science.gov (United States)

Požar, T.; Halilovič, M.; Horvat, D.; Petkovšek, R.

2018-02-01

The design and development of the acoustic eye model (AEM) is reported. The model consists of a computer-based simulation that describes the propagation of mechanical disturbance inside a simplified model of a human eye. The capabilities of the model are illustrated with examples, using different laser-induced initial loading conditions in different geometrical configurations typically occurring in ophthalmic medical procedures. The potential of the AEM is to predict the mechanical response of the treated eye tissue in advance, thus complementing other preliminary procedures preceding medical treatments.

Kerge kohmetus soomeugri veere naisteväe keskel / Lauri Sommer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sommer, Lauri, 1973-

2003-01-01

Arvustus: Neli komilannat / tõlkinud Leelo Tungal ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli marilannat / tõlkinud Leelo Tungal. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli mordvalannat / tõlkinud Peeter Volkonski ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli udmurditari / tõlkinud Ellen Niit, Valeeria Villandi ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 2002

Äratundmisi soome-ugri naisluulet lugedes / Veronika Kivisilla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kivisilla, Veronika

2003-01-01

Arvustus: Neli komilannat / tõlkinud Leelo Tungal ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli marilannat / tõlkija Leelo Tungal. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli mordvalannat / tõlkinud Peeter Volkonski ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 1998 ; Neli udmurditari / tõlkinud Ellen Niit, Valeeria Villandi ja Arvo Valton. Tallinn : Virgela, 2002

Kohanenud kirjandus : tänase kirjaniku - ja ka tema lugeja elu sisu määravad majanduslikud argumendid, mitte moraalsed valikud / Kärt Hellerma

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hellerma, Kärt, 1956-

2005-01-01

Arvustus: Delerm, Philippe. Väikesed naudingud. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Nothomb, Amélie. Jumala lapsepõlv. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Darrieussecq, Marie. Minu beebi. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005. Ilmunud ka kogumikus: Hellerma, Kärt. Kohanenud kirjandus : valik kirjanduskriitikat 1987-2006. Eesti Keele Sihtasutus : Tallinn, 2006. Lk. 189-195, pealk. Kohanenud kirjandus

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Services Advocacy Foundation About Subspecialties & More Eye Health Home Annual Meeting Clinical Education Practice Management Member Services Advocacy Foundation About Subspecialties & More Academy Publications EyeNet ...

Epidemiology of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in the Chaoshan Region, China, 2001–2010

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, He; Li, Liping; Zhang, Mingzhi; Li, Hongni

2013-01-01

Background Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular visual disability and noncongenital unilateral blindness in children. This study describes the epidemiology and medical care associated with nonfatal pediatric (≤17 years of age) eye injury-related hospitalization in the largest industrial base for plastic toy production in China. Methods A population-based retrospective study of patients hospitalized for ocular and orbital trauma in the ophthalmology departments of 3 major tertiary hospitals from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2010 was performed. Results The study included 1035 injured eyes from 1018 patients over a 10-year period: 560 (54.1%) eyes exhibited open globe injuries, 402 (38.8%) eyes suffered closed globe injuries, 10 (1.0%) eyes suffered chemical injuries and 8 (0.8%) eyes exhibited thermal injuries, representing an average annual hospitalization rate of 0.37 per 10,000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.38) due to pediatric eye injury in the Chaoshan region. The mean patient age was 9.2±4.4 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3∶1 (P = 0.007). Children aged 6 to 11 years accounted for the highest percentage (40.8%, 416/1018) of hospitalization, 56.7% (236/416) of whom were hospitalized for open globe wounds. Injury occurred most frequently at home (73.1%). Open globe wounds cost the single most expensive financial burden (60.8%) of total charges with $998±702 mean charges per hospitalization. Conclusions Open globe wounds occurred at home are earmarked for the priorities to prevention strategies. Higher public awareness of protecting primary schoolchildren from home-related eye injuries should be strengthened urgently by legislation or regulation since the traditional industrial mode seems to remain the pattern for the foreseeable future. Further research that provide detailed information on the specific inciting agents of pediatric eye injuries are recommended for facilitating the development and targeting of appropriate

Kägiseva lindi lood : kassetiaegne unustatud muss / Dr Alimentado

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Dr Alimentado

2009-01-01

1980-ndate lõpul ja 1990-ndate algul väljaantud helikassettidest: Lost Kolchoses. Kainestusmajas. I.k., i.a. ; B.D.Ö. Anblögged. Tallinn : B.D.Ö., 1993 ; Röövel Ööbik. Ilu. Tallinn : Kuldnokk, 1989 ; Rock the Christmas / Velikije Luki, Röövel Ööbik, Kumikameli ... [jt.]. Tallinn : Kuldnokk, i.a. ; Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence. Graffity revolution. Tallinn : Kuldnokk, i.a. ; J.M.K.E. Rumal nali. Tallinn : Fucking Cunts Records, 1996

Effect of school eye health promotion on children's eye health literacy in Vietnam.

Science.gov (United States)

Paudel, Prakash; Yen, Phung Thi; Kovai, Vilas; Naduvilath, Thomas; Ho, Suit May; Giap, Nguyen Viet; Holden, Brien A

2017-10-06

Health promotion intervention in schools is a useful strategy to improve students' health awareness. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of eye health promotion interventions on eye health literacy in school children in Vietnam. A piloted questionnaire was administered to 300 children from five secondary schools in Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Vietnam at baseline and re-administered after the eye health promotion interventions. McNemar chi-square and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. A total of 300 children aged 12-15 years (mean, 13.3 ± 1.3 years; 60% female) participated in the baseline survey. The participation rate in the post-health promotion survey was 94.7%. After the health promotion interventions, number of children who had correct eye health knowledge increased by 10-20% (60-75% to 70-95%), more children reported having had an eye examination (63.3% to 84.7%; p promotion interventions significantly improve eye health knowledge, attitudes and practices of school children. Additionally, participation of parents and teachers as change agents may further improve children's health literacy. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Moving eyes and naming objects

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meulen, F.F. van der

2001-01-01

The coordination between eye movements and speech was examined while speakers were naming objects. Earlier research has shown that eye movements reflect on the underlying visual attention. Also, eye movements were found to reflect upon not only the visual and conceptual processing of an object, but

External eye symptoms in indoor environments.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolkoff, P

2017-03-01

Eye irritation, for example dry or irritated eyes, is generally among top three reported symptoms in office-like environments, in particular among workplaces with cognitive demanding visual display unit (VDU) work. The symptoms are especially among middle and advanced ages and particularly among women more than men. The symptoms are also among the most commonly reported complaints in the eye clinic. To be in a position to interpret the high prevalence of eye symptoms, a multidisciplinary and integrated approach is necessary that involves the external eye physiology (separate from internal eye effects), eye diseases (evaporative dry eye (DE), aqueous-deficient DE, and gland dysfunctions), and risk factors that aggravate the stability of precorneal tear film (PTF) resulting in hyperosmolarity and initiation of inflammatory reactions. Indoor environmental, occupational and personal risk factors may aggravate the PTF stability; factors such as age, contact lenses, cosmetics, diet, draft, gender, low humidity and high temperature, medication, outdoor and combustion pollutants, and VDU work. Psychological stressors may further influence the reporting behavior of eye symptoms. The impact of the risk factors may occur in a combined and exacerbating manner. © 2016 The Authors. Indoor Air published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Efficacy of corneal eye shields in protecting patients' eyes from laser irradiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, S W; Dinehart, S M; Davis, I; Flock, S T

1996-07-01

The continuing development of new types and applications of lasers has appeared to surpass the development of specific eye protection for these lasers. There are a variety of eye shields on the market, but few are specifically designed for laser protection. Our purpose was to test a variety of eye shields by two parameters, light transmission and temperature rise, and to determine from these measurements the most protective shield for patients. We tested four plastic shields, one metal shield, and two sets of tanning goggles for temperature rise and light transmission when irradiated with a beam from a flashlamp-pumped, pulsed-dye laser. The temperature rise at the surface of the shield opposite the laser impacts was no more than 0.2 degree C in any case. White light was transmitted at significant levels through several of the shields, but yellow light transmittance was noted only through the green eye shield. Our measurements indicate that all except the green shield appeared safe from transmission of the 585-nm radiant energy. However, the optimal laser eye shield, in our opinion, would be a composite of several different shields' characteristics.

More Than Meets the Eye: The Eye and Migraine-What You Need to Know.

Science.gov (United States)

Digre, Kathleen B

2018-05-02

Migraine has long been associated with disturbances of vision, especially migraine with aura. However, the eye plays an important role in sensory processing as well. We have found that the visual quality of life is reduced in migraine. In this review, we discuss how the migraine and eye pain pathways are similar and affect many of the common complaints which are seen in ophthalmology and neuro-ophthalmology offices, such as dry eye and postoperative eye pain. We also review other related phenomena, including visual snow and photophobia, which also are related to altered sensory processing in migraine.

Reis Rosenbergi ajudesse / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2007-01-01

Lugemismuljeid raamatutest: Piper, Ernst. Alfred Rosenberg : Hitleri peaideoloog. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Judt, Tony. Pärast sõda. Euroopa ajalugu 1945. aastast. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007 ; Döblin, Alfred. Berliin, Alexanderplatz / tlk. Mati Sirkel. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007 ; Adson, Artur. Siuru-raamat. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2007

Neetud Siber / Mihkel Mutt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mutt, Mihkel, 1953-

2004-01-01

Rets. rmt.: Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Suur malelaud. Tallinn, 2003 ; Sergejev, Vladimir ; Vseviov, David. Venemaa - lähedane ja kauge. Tallinn, 2002 ; Figes, Orlando. Natasha tants. Venemaa kultuurilugu. Tallinn, 2003 ; Lotman, Juri. Vestlusi vene kultuurist. Vene aadli argielu ja traditsioonid 18. sajandil ja 19. sajandi algul. 1. köide. Tallinn, 2003

Hullud, professorid ja müüdud anne / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2003-01-01

Kurvits, Lembit. Tõrvalill : [luuletused]. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2003 ; Liiv, Toomas. Luuletused 1968-2002. Tallinn : Tuum, 2003 ; Fante, John. Küsi kaduvalt : [romaan / tõlkinud ja järelsõna: Heiti Kender, värsid tõlkinud Mati Soomre. Tallinn] : Hotger, 2003 ; Vinkel, Aarne. Saaremaalt suurele maale. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2003

An improved likelihood model for eye tracking

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hammoud, Riad I.; Hansen, Dan Witzner

2007-01-01

While existing eye detection and tracking algorithms can work reasonably well in a controlled environment, they tend to perform poorly under real world imaging conditions where the lighting produces shadows and the person's eyes can be occluded by e.g. glasses or makeup. As a result, pixel clusters...... associated with the eyes tend to be grouped together with background-features. This problem occurs both for eye detection and eye tracking. Problems that especially plague eye tracking include head movement, eye blinking and light changes, all of which can cause the eyes to suddenly disappear. The usual...... approach in such cases is to abandon the tracking routine and re-initialize eye detection. Of course this may be a difficult process due to missed data problem. Accordingly, what is needed is an efficient method of reliably tracking a person's eyes between successively produced video image frames, even...

Efficacy and safety of short-term application of pranoprofen eye drops for senile patients with dry eyes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yu-Chan Li

2018-06-01

Full Text Available AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of short-term application of pranoprofen eye drops in the treatment of dry eyes in senile patients. METHODS: Totally 100 elderly patients with dry eyes treated in our hospital from June 2016 to May 2017 were randomly divided into 2 groups. All cases were bilateral onset, and the right eyes were marked as the observation eyes. The 50 eyes in the observation group were treated with 1g/L pranoprofen eye drops combined with 1g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while 50 in the control group were treated with 1g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The results of Schirmer Ⅰ, ocular surface disease index(OSDI, break-up time(BUT, ocular surface staining(OSS, human leukocyte antigen-DR(HLA-DRand CD11b in conjunctival epithelial cells before and at 2wk after treatment, and adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS: Before treatment, results of Schirmer I, OSDI, BUT, OSS, HLA-DR and CD11b in the two groups were similar, there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05. After treatment, OSDI, OSS, HLA-DR, CD11b significantly decreased, BUT significantly increased in both groups, the differences were statistically significant(PPPCONCLUSION: Short term application of pranoprofen eye drops can effectively enhance the efficacy in treating elderly patients with dry eyes, release clinical symptoms, and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to the inhibitory effect on HLA-DR.

Impact of dry eye on work productivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, Masakazu; Mizuno, Yoshinobu; Shigeyasu, Chika

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dry eye on work productivity of office workers, especially in terms of presenteeism. A total of 396 individuals aged ≥20 years (258 men and 138 women, mean age 43.4 ± 13.0 years) were recruited through an online survey. Data from 355 responders who did not have missing values were included in the analysis. They were classified into the following four groups according to the diagnostic status and subjective symptoms of dry eye: a definite dry eye group; a marginal dry eye group; a self-reported dry eye group; and a control group. The impact of dry eye on work productivity was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Work Limitations Questionnaire. The cost of work productivity loss associated with dry eye and the economic benefits of providing treatment for dry eye were also assessed. The degree of work performance loss was 5.65% in the definite dry eye group, 4.37% in the marginal dry eye group, 6.06% in the self-reported dry eye group, and 4.27% in the control group. Productivity in the self-reported dry eye group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P work productivity loss associated with dry eye was estimated to be USD 741 per person. Dry eye impairs work performance among office workers, which may lead to a substantial loss to industry. Management of symptoms of dry eye by providing treatment may contribute to improvement in work productivity.

Eyes, Bulging (Proptosis)

Science.gov (United States)

... Early Breast Cancer to Avoid Chemo Could a Blood Test Spot Lung Cancer Early? Experimental Drug Shows 'Modest' Benefit ... often done when bulging affects only one eye. Blood tests to measure how well the thyroid is working are done when ... When bulging leads to severe dry eyes, lubrication with artificial tears is needed to ...

Effects of Aging in Dry Eye

Science.gov (United States)

de Paiva, Cintia S.

2017-01-01

Dry eye affects millions of people worldwide and causes eye well recognized risk factors for dry eye. Anatomical and inflammation-induced age-related changes affect all components of the lacrimal gland functional unit, inclusive of lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, meibomian gland and compromise ocular surface health. There is increased evidence that inflammation plays a role in dry eye. This review will summarize the current knowledge about aging and dry eye, inclusive of lessons learned from animal models and promising therapies. PMID:28282314

Eye tracking and the translation process

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hvelplund, Kristian Tangsgaard

2014-01-01

Eye tracking has become increasingly popular as a quantitative research method in translation research. This paper discusses some of the major methodological issues involved in the use of eye tracking in translation research. It focuses specifically on challenges in the analysis and interpretation...... of eye-tracking data as reflections of cognitive processes during translation. Four types of methodological issues are discussed in the paper. The first part discusses the preparatory steps that precede the actual recording of eye-tracking data. The second part examines critically the general assumptions...... linking eye movements to cognitive processing in the context of translation research. The third part of the paper discusses two popular eye-tracking measures often used in translation research, fixations and pupil size, while the fourth part proposes a method to evaluate the quality of eye-tracking data....

Rotational symmetric HMD with eye-tracking capability

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Fangfang; Cheng, Dewen; Wang, Qiwei; Wang, Yongtian

2016-10-01

As an important auxiliary function of head-mounted displays (HMDs), eye tracking has an important role in the field of intelligent human-machine interaction. In this paper, an eye-tracking HMD system (ET-HMD) is designed based on the rotational symmetric system. The tracking principle in this paper is based on pupil-corneal reflection. The ET-HMD system comprises three optical paths for virtual display, infrared illumination, and eye tracking. The display optics is shared by three optical paths and consists of four spherical lenses. For the eye-tracking path, an extra imaging lens is added to match the image sensor and achieve eye tracking. The display optics provides users a 40° diagonal FOV with a ״ 0.61 OLED, the 19 mm eye clearance, and 10 mm exit pupil diameter. The eye-tracking path can capture 15 mm × 15 mm of the users' eyes. The average MTF is above 0.1 at 26 lp/mm for the display path, and exceeds 0.2 at 46 lp/mm for the eye-tracking path. Eye illumination is simulated using LightTools with an eye model and an 850 nm near-infrared LED (NIR-LED). The results of the simulation show that the illumination of the NIR-LED can cover the area of the eye model with the display optics that is sufficient for eye tracking. The integrated optical system HMDs with eye-tracking feature can help improve the HMD experience of users.

A holographic waveguide based eye tracker

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Changgeng; Pazzucconi, Beatrice; Liu, Juan; Liu, Lei; Yao, Xincheng

2018-02-01

We demonstrated the feasibility of using holographic waveguide for eye tracking. A custom-built holographic waveguide, a 20 mm x 60 mm x 3 mm flat glass substrate with integrated in- and out-couplers, was used for the prototype development. The in- and out-couplers, photopolymer films with holographic fringes, induced total internal reflection in the glass substrate. Diffractive optical elements were integrated into the in-coupler to serve as an optical collimator. The waveguide captured images of the anterior segment of the eye right in front of it and guided the images to a processing unit distant from the eye. The vector connecting the pupil center (PC) and the corneal reflex (CR) of the eye was used to compute eye position in the socket. An eye model, made of a high quality prosthetic eye, was used prototype validation. The benchtop prototype demonstrated a linear relationship between the angular eye position and the PC/CR vector over a range of 60 horizontal degrees and 30 vertical degrees at a resolution of 0.64-0.69 degrees/pixel by simple pixel count. The uncertainties of the measurements at different angular positions were within 1.2 pixels, which indicated that the prototype exhibited a high level of repeatability. These results confirmed that the holographic waveguide technology could be a feasible platform for developing a wearable eye tracker. Further development can lead to a compact, see-through eye tracker, which allows continuous monitoring of eye movement during real life tasks, and thus benefits diagnosis of oculomotor disorders.

Kus me kange bestseller? / Peeter Künstler

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Künstler, Peeter, 1958-2009

2000-01-01

Arvustus: Uustulnd, Lembit. Kiikhobune Antverpenist. Tallinn : Varrak, 1999 ; Tiidenberg, Ants. Vietnam-transiit Tallinn : SE & JS, 1999 ; Tamman, Tiina. Tihe udu Tallinnas. Tallinn : Perioodika, 2000

Cornerstones at the onset of scientific approach in sports training and physical education in Estonia / Atko Viru

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Viru, Atko-Meeme, 1932-2007

2003-01-01

Kolmest spordiraamatust: Pihkala, Lauri. Poiste spordi õpetus. Tallinn, 1918 ; Kalamees, Aleksander. Algkooli kehakasvatuse käsiraamat. Tallinn, 1936 ; Kask, Mihkel. Sporditervishoid. Tartu ; Tallinn, 1939

EVALUATION OF DRY EYES IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anshu Sharma

2017-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND According to the National Eye Institute, dry eye is a condition in which the eye does not produce tears properly. It can also involve tears not having the right consistency or evaporating too quickly. Tears are necessary to help maintain moisture on the surface of the eye and for clear vision. Diabetes is often associated with several significant ocular conditions such as retinopathy, refractive changes, cataracts, glaucoma and macular oedema. However, one of the most common ocular complications associated with diabetes is dry eye. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence of dry eyes in diabetes mellitus and to evaluate ocular and other risk factors relevant to diabetic dry eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional clinical study of 100 diabetic patients who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, between January 2016 to June 2017 was conducted. Detailed diabetic history was recorded. Assessment of anterior segment via slit-lamp biomicroscopy was done. The examinations for dry eyes included Schirmer's test, tear breakup time, fluorescein and rose Bengal staining. RESULTS Sixty two (62% diabetic patients had dry eye. The prevalence in type I was 3% and prevalence in type II was 59%. Dry eye prevalence was maximum in those above 40 years of age. Symptoms like reduced corneal sensation (44% and meibomitis (20% were major attributable risk factors. Ocular surface damage was predominantly superficial punctate keratitis. Retinopathy was not statistically associated with the prevalence of dry eyes. CONCLUSION Diabetes and dry eye appears to be a common association. Reduction in the modifiable risk factors of dry eye is essential to reduce its prevalence. No significant statistical correlation was found between retinopathy and dry eyes. However, examination for dry eyes should be an integral part of the assessment of diabetic eye disease.

Impact of dry eye on work productivity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yamada M

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Masakazu Yamada, Yoshinobu Mizuno, Chika ShigeyasuNational Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JapanBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dry eye on work productivity of office workers, especially in terms of presenteeism.Methods: A total of 396 individuals aged ≥20 years (258 men and 138 women, mean age 43.4 ± 13.0 years were recruited through an online survey. Data from 355 responders who did not have missing values were included in the analysis. They were classified into the following four groups according to the diagnostic status and subjective symptoms of dry eye: a definite dry eye group; a marginal dry eye group; a self-reported dry eye group; and a control group. The impact of dry eye on work productivity was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Work Limitations Questionnaire. The cost of work productivity loss associated with dry eye and the economic benefits of providing treatment for dry eye were also assessed.Results: The degree of work performance loss was 5.65% in the definite dry eye group, 4.37% in the marginal dry eye group, 6.06% in the self-reported dry eye group, and 4.27% in the control group. Productivity in the self-reported dry eye group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05. The annual cost of work productivity loss associated with dry eye was estimated to be USD 741 per person.Conclusion: Dry eye impairs work performance among office workers, which may lead to a substantial loss to industry. Management of symptoms of dry eye by providing treatment may contribute to improvement in work productivity.Keywords: burden of disease, dry eye, presenteeism, quality of life

Mõned mõtted "suvelugemisest" ja suvelugemisest / Peeter Helme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Helme, Peeter, 1978-

2009-01-01

Tutvustatakse ja soovitatakse raamatuid: Aleksejev, Tiit. Palveränd : lugu Esimesest ristisõjast. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Rebane, Kristi. Minu oma. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2009 ; Kaints, Holger. Lennukivaatleja. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2009 ; Kehlmann, Daniel. Maailma mõõtmine. Tartu : Atlex, c2008 ; Zafón, Carlos Ruiz. Tuule vari. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg and Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2010-01-01

Arvustus: Kiin, Sirje. Marie Under : elu, luuletaja identiteet ja teoste vastuvõtt. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2009 ; Laanes, Eneken. Lepitamatud dialoogid : subjekt ja mälu nõukogudejärgses eesti romaanis. Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2009 ; Ehin, Kristiina. Emapuhkus. Tallinn : Pandekt, 2009 ; Tungal, Leelo. Seltsimees laps ja suured inimesed. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2008 ; Tungal, Leelo. Samet ja saepuru, ehk, Seltsimees laps ja kirjatähed. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2009 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Paradiis. Tallinn : Varrak, 2009

Role of environment in strengthening competitiveness of cities by example of European Green Capitals and Tallinn

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jüri Ratas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Guaranteeing a high-level living environment is one of the most important preconditions to the balanced and sustainable economic and social development of the European Union. Serious environmental problems can be seen in European cities, which are the places where most of the population live and which create the highest number of jobs, economic growth and added value. The level of urbanisation in Europe was 72.7% in 2010 and the UN forecast that it will increase to 82.2% by 2050. The European Green Capital Award was created in 2006 in order to recognise cities that have contributed to the improvement of their quality of life. The cities that have won the award have started using the most innovative and efficient measures for increasing the city’s competitiveness, and are an example of how to achieve sustainable development for all cities, not just capitals. The environmental indicators of cities that have won the European Green Capital Award are high. In this article the problem is analysed using the example of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, which strives for a place among cities with the highest quality of life in Europe. The objective of this article is to analyse the areas of the city’s environmental activities and environmental organisation in the context of increasing competitiveness. The original database used by the author in this article consists of the responses given by the governments of the cities who have already been awarded the title of European Green Capital when asked to describe the impact that applying for and achieving the title had on their cities

Eye Involvement in TSC

Science.gov (United States)

... eye involvement. Nonretinal and Retinal Eye Findings Facial angiofibromas may involve the eyelids of individuals with TSC, ... the hamartomas have many blood vessels (as are angiofibromas of the skin). Less than half of the ...

The "hypnotic state" and eye movements : Less there than meets the eye?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cardea, Etzel; Nordhjem, Barbara; Marcusson-Clavertz, David; Holmqvist, Kenneth

2017-01-01

Responsiveness to hypnotic procedures has been related to unusual eye behaviors for centuries. Kallio and collaborators claimed recently that they had found a reliable index for "the hypnotic state" through eye-tracking methods. Whether or not hypnotic responding involves a special state of

Eye Protection in Kansas Schools.

Science.gov (United States)

Hay, Kenneth M.; And Others

A law passed by a state legislature requires that students in industrial arts shops and science laboratories must wear eye protective devices. Explanatory material presents the text of the bill and guidelines for implementation, including--(1) types of eye hazards, (2) types of protective devices, (3) administrating eye safety equipment, (4)…

Raamatuid / Juhan Habicht

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Habicht, Juhan, 1954-

1991-01-01

Tutvustused: Kivisildnik, Sven. Dawa vita. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, [1991]. Uustulnd, Albert. Acheroni kaldal. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1991. Kivikas, Albert. Nimed marmortahvlil. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1991

Eye wash water flow direction study: an evaluation of the effectiveness of eye wash devices with opposite directional water flow.

Science.gov (United States)

Fogt, Jennifer S; Jones-Jordan, Lisa A; Barr, Joseph T

2018-01-01

New designs of eye wash stations have been developed in which the direction of water flow from the fountain has been reversed, with two water streams originating nasally in both eyes and flowing toward the temporal side of each eye. No study has been done to determine the ideal direction of water flow coming from the eye wash in relation to the eye. Ophthalmic eye examinations were conducted before and after the use of two eye wash stations with opposite water flow directionality. Fluorescein was instilled in both eyes before using an eye wash to measure the effectiveness of the water flow. Subjects were surveyed upon their experiences using the eye washes. Ophthalmic examination found no significant difference in the efficacy of the eye washes with nasal-to-temporal water flow when compared to temporal-to-nasal water flow direction.

AN INVESTIGATION OF VISION PROBLEMS AND THE VISION CARE SYSTEM IN RURAL CHINA.

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Yunli; Yi, Hongmei; Zhang, Linxiu; Shi, Yaojiang; Ma, Xiaochen; Congdon, Nathan; Zhou, Zhongqiang; Boswell, Matthew; Rozelle, Scott

2014-11-01

This paper examines the prevalence of vision problems and the accessibility to and quality of vision care in rural China. We obtained data from 4 sources: 1) the National Rural Vision Care Survey; 2) the Private Optometrists Survey; 3) the County Hospital Eye Care Survey; and 4) the Rural School Vision Care Survey. The data from each of the surveys were collected by the authors during 2012. Thirty-three percent of the rural population surveyed self-reported vision problems. Twenty-two percent of subjects surveyed had ever had a vision exam. Among those who self-reported having vision problems, 34% did not wear eyeglasses. Fifty-four percent of those with vision problems who had eyeglasses did not have a vision exam prior to receiving glasses. However, having a vision exam did not always guarantee access to quality vision care. Four channels of vision care service were assessed. The school vision examination program did not increase the usage rate of eyeglasses. Each county-hospital was staffed with three eye-doctors having one year of education beyond high school, serving more than 400,000 residents. Private optometrists often had low levels of education and professional certification. In conclusion, our findings shows that the vision care system in rural China is inadequate and ineffective in meeting the needs of the rural population sampled.

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... Eye Health Home Annual Meeting Clinical Education Practice Management Member Services Advocacy Foundation About Subspecialties & More Academy Publications EyeNet Ophthalmology Ophthalmology Retina Information for: International Ophthalmologists Media Medical Students Patients and ...

Eye dosimetry and protective eye wear for interventional clinicians

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, C.J.; Magee, J.S.; Sandblom; Almen, A.; Lundh, C.

2015-01-01

Doses to the eyes of interventional clinicians can exceed 20 mSv. Various protective devices can afford protection to the eyes with the final barrier being protective eye wear. The protection provided by lead glasses is difficult to quantify, and the majority of dosimeters are not designed to be worn under lead glasses. This study has measured dose reduction factors (DRFs) equal to the ratio of the dose with no protection, divided by that when lead glasses are worn. Glasses have been tested in X-ray fields using anthropomorphic phantoms to simulate the patient and clinician. DRFs for X-rays incident from the front vary from 5.2 to 7.6, while values for orientations reminiscent of clinical practice are between 1.4 and 5.2. Results suggest that a DRF of two is a conservative factor that could be applied to personal dosimeter measurements to account for the dose reduction provided by most types of lead glasses. (authors)

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts and Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Vadi, Urmas. Kirjad tädi Annele. Pärnu : Jumalikud Ilmutused, 2010 ; Sommer, Lauri. Kolm yksiklast. Tallinn : Menu Kirjastus, 2010 ; Hargla, Indrek. Apteeker Melchior ja Oleviste mõistatus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Hargla, Indrek. Apteeker Melchior ja Rataskaevu viirastus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Pihelgas, Carolina. Metsas algavad hääled. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2010

Autologous serum eye drops for dry eye

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Qing; Angelina, Adla; Marrone, Michael; Stark, Walter J; Akpek, Esen K

2017-01-01

Background Theoretically, autologous serum eye drops (AS) offer a potential advantage over traditional therapies on the assumption that AS not only serve as a lacrimal substitute to provide lubrication but contain other biochemical components that allow them to mimic natural tears more closely. Application of AS has gained popularity as second-line therapy for patients with dry eye. Published studies on this subject indicate that autologous serum could be an effective treatment for dry eye. Objectives We conducted this review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AS given alone or in combination with artificial tears as compared with artificial tears alone, saline, placebo, or no treatment for adults with dry eye. Search methods We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register) (2016, Issue 5), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, Ovid OLDMEDLINE (January 1946 to July 2016), Embase (January 1980 to July 2016), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) (January 1982 to July 2016), the ISRCTN registry (www.isrctn.com/editAdvancedSearch), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). We also searched the Science Citation Index Expanded database (December 2016) and reference lists of included studies. We did not use any date or language restrictions in the electronic searches for trials. We last searched the electronic databases on 5 July 2016. Selection criteria We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared AS versus artificial tears for treatment of adults with dry eye. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently screened all titles and abstracts and assessed full-text reports of potentially eligible trials. Two review authors extracted data and assessed risk of bias and characteristics of included

22 years of photodynamic therapy in China

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jun-Heng

2005-07-01

The development of laser medicine in China is correlated with the development of laser science in China. The first Chinese ruby laser was created in 1961. Chinese pharmacists produced the Chinese HpD in 1981 and the first case of PDT was treated using Chinese HpD and Chinese laser equipment in the same year in Beijing. Its success brought attention establishing a research group supported by the government in 1982. A systemic research on PDT was then carried out and obvious results were achieved. The step taken for PDT also accelerated the researches on other kinds of laser medicine and surgery. Since 1982, thousands of patients of malignant tumors including tumors of the lung, esophagus, cardia, stomach, rectum, bladder, other urinary genital organs, face and mouth, eyes, ENT, head and neck, breast, and skin were treated using PDT in China. HpD fluorescence was examined in some centers. Except the superficial tumor cases, PDT procedures were done through the endoscopes. Since 1990"s, imaging guided percutaneous PDT was adopted in the organs cannot be reached by the endoscopes, such as liver cancer, peripheral lung cancer and others. PDT can be used for non-malignant cases such as occlusion of blood vessels, for example, we invented the treatment of port wine stains by PDT. Regular surgical operation combined with PDT for cerebral glioma showed to be a very good combination. HpD has been approved by the Chinese Government as a photosensitizer, so it is legal to be used in PDT. There are some second generation photosensitizers under studying in China, such as Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) etc. Lasers used for PDT now are mostly the diode laser of 630nm for the cancers. Research studies for PDT in China may be focalized on the aspects as new photosensitizers; the dosimetry in laser irradiation; atoptosis induced by PDT; preclinical and clinical studies for PDT new indications and new technologies.

Airbag deployment-related eye injuries.

Science.gov (United States)

Koisaari, Tapio; Leivo, Tiina; Sahraravand, Ahmad; Haavisto, Anna-Kaisa; Sulander, Pekka; Tervo, Timo M T

2017-07-04

We studied the correlation between airbag deployment and eye injuries using 2 different data sets. The registry of the Finnish Road Accident (FRA) Investigation Teams was analyzed to study severe head- and eyewear-related injuries. All fatal passenger car or van accidents that occurred during the years 2009-2012 (4 years) were included (n = 734). Cases in which the driver's front airbag was deployed were subjected to analysis (n = 409). To determine the proportion of minor, potentially airbag-related eye injuries, the results were compared to the data for all new eye injury patients (n = 1,151) recorded at the Emergency Clinic of the Helsinki University Eye Hospital (HUEH) during one year, from May 1, 2011, to April 30, 2012. In the FRA data set, the unbelted drivers showed a significantly higher risk of death (odds ratio [OR] = 5.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.33-10.9, P = 2.6E-12) or of sustaining head injuries (OR = 2.50, 95% CI, 1.59-3.97, P = 3.8E-5). Only 4 of the 1,151 HUEH patients were involved in a passenger car accident. In one of the crashes, the airbag operated, and the belted driver received 2 sutured eye lid wounds and showed conjunctival sugillation. No permanent eye injuries were recorded during the follow-up. The calculated annual airbag-related eye injury incidence was less than 1/1,000,000 people, 4/100,000 accidents, and 4/10,000 injured occupants. Airbag-related eye injuries occurred very rarely in car accidents in cases where the occupant survived and the restraint system was appropriately used. Spectacle use did not appear to increase the risk of eye injury in restrained occupants.

Management of digital eye strain.

Science.gov (United States)

Coles-Brennan, Chantal; Sulley, Anna; Young, Graeme

2018-05-23

Digital eye strain, an emerging public health issue, is a condition characterised by visual disturbance and/or ocular discomfort related to the use of digital devices and resulting from a range of stresses on the ocular environment. This review aims to provide an overview of the extensive literature on digital eye strain research with particular reference to the clinical management of symptoms. As many as 90 per cent of digital device users experience symptoms of digital eye strain. Many studies suggest that the following factors are associated with digital eye strain: uncorrected refractive error (including presbyopia), accommodative and vergence anomalies, altered blinking pattern (reduced rate and incomplete blinking), excessive exposure to intense light, closer working distance, and smaller font size. Since a symptom may be caused by one or more factors, a holistic approach should be adopted. The following management strategies have been suggested: (i) appropriate correction of refractive error, including astigmatism and presbyopia; (ii) management of vergence anomalies, with the aim of inducing or leaving a small amount of heterophoria (~1.5 Δ Exo); (iii) blinking exercise/training to maintain normal blinking pattern; (iv) use of lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to help alleviate dry eye-related symptoms; (v) contact lenses with enhanced comfort, particularly at end-of-day and in challenging environments; (vi) prescription of colour filters in all vision correction options, especially blue light-absorbing filters; and (vii) management of accommodative anomalies. Prevention is the main strategy for management of digital eye strain, which involves: (i) ensuring an ergonomic work environment and practice (through patient education and the implementation of ergonomic workplace policies); and (ii) visual examination and eye care to treat visual disorders. Special consideration is needed for people at a high risk of digital eye strain, such as computer

Survey of eye practitioners' preference of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities for dry eye in Ghana.

Science.gov (United States)

Asiedu, Kofi; Kyei, Samuel; Ayobi, Benedict; Agyemang, Frank Okyere; Ablordeppey, Reynolds Kwame

2016-12-01

This study sought to provide an evidence-based profile of the diagnosis, treatment and knowledge or opinions on dry eye among optometrists and ophthalmologists in Ghana. This was a cross-sectional survey RESULTS: The responses of 162 participants are included in the analysis. The most commonly used test to diagnosed dry eye disease was tear break-up time followed by patient history. The most common symptom doctors heard from dry eye patients were burning sensation followed by foreign body sensation. The most often prescribed first- line treatment for dry eye was aqueous-based artificial tears followed by lipid-based artificial tears. Most practitioners considered meibomian gland dysfunction as the most common cause of dry eye followed by pterygium. The most often used test to guide or gauge therapeutic effect is patient history followed closely by tear break-up time. Most practitioners reported that 10%-20% of all their patients they see in a day are diagnosed of dry eye. This study showed tear break up time was the main test majority of practitioners in Ghana used to diagnose dry eye but patient history was the main test used to gauge therapeutic effect over time. Burning sensation was the commonest symptom practitioners heard from dry eye patients whilst artificial tears was their main and first-line treatment for dry eye. Copyright © 2016 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... seasonal allergens and dry eye Apr 27, 2015 Choosing Wisely When It Comes to Eye Care, Part ... Name: Member ID: * Phone Number: * Email: * Enter code: * Message: Thank you Your feedback has been sent.

Aquaporins in the Eye

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tran, Thuy Linh; Hamann, Steffen; Heegaard, Steffen

2017-01-01

The major part of the eye consists of water . Continuous movement of water and ions between the ocular compartments and to the systemic circulation is pivotal for many physiological functions in the eye. The movement of water facilitates removal of the many metabolic products of corneal-, ciliary...... pressure. In the retina, water is transported into the vitreous body and across the retinal pigment epithelium to regulate the extracellular environment and the hydration of the retina. Aquaporins (AQPs ) take part in the water transport throughout the eye....

Kas keegi vajab neid raamatuid? / Jaanika Palm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Palm, Jaanika, 1973-

2001-01-01

Rets. rmt. : Müürsepp, Mare. Kolm põrsakest. Punamütsike : muinasjutu-kirjavihik 5-aastastele lastele. 1 vihik / jutustanud, luuletanud ja ülesanded välja mõelnud Mare Müürsepp. Tallinn : Ilo, 2000. Sari "Muinasjutt õpetab" : Hans ja Grete / [idee: Nicole Lenaerts-Viroux. Tallinn] : Egmont Estonia, 2001; Hunt ja seitse kitsetalle / [idee: Nicole Lenaerts-Viroux. Tallinn] : Egmont Estonia, 2000; Lumivalgeke ja seitse pöialpoissi / [idee: Nicole Lenaerts-Viroux. Tallinn] : Egmont Estonia, 2001; Pöial-Liisi / [idee: Nicole Lenaerts-Viroux. Tallinn] : Egmont Estonia, 2000

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... right type of tears or tear film . How do tears work? When you blink, a film of ... layer cleans the eye, washing away particles that do not belong in the eye. This layer comes ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Kierstan Boyd Reviewed By: Brenda Pagan-Duran MD Sep. 01, 2017 Our eyes need tears to stay ... tear duct to insert a permanent punctal plug? Sep 12, 2017 Why are my eyes bloodshot when ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... removed or pushed down the tear duct to insert a permanent punctal plug? Sep 12, 2017 Why ... Eye from Jennifer Aniston Sep 02, 2016 The link between seasonal allergens and dry eye Apr 27, ...

Lasik eye surgery - slideshow

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/presentations/100206.htm Lasik eye surgery - series—Normal anatomy To use the ... A.M. Editorial team. Related MedlinePlus Health Topics Laser Eye Surgery A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by ...

Fluid Mixing in the Eye Under Rapid Eye Movement

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Jinglin; Gharib, Morteza

2017-11-01

Drug injection is an important technique in certain treatments of eye diseases. The efficacy of chemical mixing plays an important role in determining pharmacokinetics of injected drugs. In this study, we build a device to study the chemical mixing behavior in a spherical structure. The mixing process is visualized and analyzed qualitatively. We hope to understand the chemical convection and diffusion behaviors in correlation with controlled rapid mechanical movements. The results will have potential applications in treatment of eye diseases. Resnick Institute at Caltech.

Exploring the Predisposition of the Asian Eye to Development of Dry Eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Craig, Jennifer P; Wang, Michael T M; Kim, Dabin; Lee, Jung Min

2016-07-01

To investigate the influence of eyelid shape on tear film quality, ocular surface characteristics and dry eye symptomatology by comparing Asian and Caucasian populations. Seventy-four age-matched participants were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Participants were classified into Asian single lid (ASL), Asian double lid (ADL), and Caucasian double lid (CDL) groups. Dry eye symptomatology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated in a single clinical session. Meibomian gland dropout was significantly greater in both the ASL and ADL groups than in the CDL group (all Pdry eye symptomatology between the three groups (all P>.05). Exposed ocular surface area, lissamine green staining, and lid wiper epitheliopathy were significantly greater in the ADL group compared to the CDL group (all Pdry eye. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quality indicators for eye bank.

Science.gov (United States)

Acharya, Manisha; Biswas, Saurabh; Das, Animesh; Mathur, Umang; Dave, Abhishek; Singh, Ashok; Dubey, Suneeta

2018-03-01

The aim of this study is to identify quality indicators of the eye bank and validate their effectivity. Adverse reaction rate, discard rate, protocol deviation rate, and compliance rate were defined as Quality Indicators of the eye bank. These were identified based on definition of quality that captures two dimensions - "result quality" and "process quality." The indicators were measured and tracked as part of quality assurance (QA) program of the eye bank. Regular audits were performed to validate alignment of standard operating procedures (SOP) with regulatory and surgeon acceptance standards and alignment of activities performed in the eye bank with the SOP. Prospective study of the indicators was performed by comparing their observed values over the period 2011-2016. Adverse reaction rate decreased more than 8-fold (from 0.61% to 0.07%), discard rate decreased and stabilized at 30%, protocol deviation rate decreased from 1.05% to 0.08%, and compliance rate reported by annual quality audits improved from 59% to 96% at the same time. In effect, adverse reaction rate, discard rate, and protocol deviation rate were leading indicators, and compliance rate was the trailing indicator. These indicators fulfill an important gap in available literature on QA in eye banking. There are two ways in which these findings can be meaningful. First, eye banks which are new to quality measurement can adopt these indicators. Second, eye banks which are already deeply engaged in quality improvement can test these indicators in their eye bank, thereby incorporating them widely and improving them over time.

Maailmalapsed / Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

1997-01-01

Sisu: Kareva, Doris. Hingring. Tallinn : Huma, 1997; Kareva, Doris; Tervonen, Marina. Kammertoon. [Tallinn] : D. Kareva ; M. Tervonen, 1997; Gibran, Kahlil. Prohvet / tlk. Doris Kareva. Tallinn : Huma, 1997

Intermediate view synthesis for eye-gazing

Science.gov (United States)

Baek, Eu-Ttuem; Ho, Yo-Sung

2015-01-01

Nonverbal communication, also known as body language, is an important form of communication. Nonverbal behaviors such as posture, eye contact, and gestures send strong messages. In regard to nonverbal communication, eye contact is one of the most important forms that an individual can use. However, lack of eye contact occurs when we use video conferencing system. The disparity between locations of the eyes and a camera gets in the way of eye contact. The lock of eye gazing can give unapproachable and unpleasant feeling. In this paper, we proposed an eye gazing correction for video conferencing. We use two cameras installed at the top and the bottom of the television. The captured two images are rendered with 2D warping at virtual position. We implement view morphing to the detected face, and synthesize the face and the warped image. Experimental results verify that the proposed system is effective in generating natural gaze-corrected images.

On teil mõnda seksiga raamatut kah? / Tauno Vahter

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vahter, Tauno

2001-01-01

Arvustus: Bukowski, Charles. Naised / inglise k. tlk. Peeter Sauter. Tallinn : Hotger, 2001 ; Bukowski, Charles. Postkontor / inglise k. tlk. Kaur Kender. Tallinn : Hotger, 2001 ; Jerofejev, Venedikt. Moskva-Petushki / vene k. tlk. Ott Arder. 2. tr. Tallinn Tänapäev, 2001 ; Jerofejev, Venedikt. Psühhopaadi märkmed / vene k. tlk. Igor Kurve. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2001

Comparison of postoperative corneal changes between dry eye and non-dry eye in a murine cataract surgery model.

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Jin Woo; Chung, Yeon Woong; Choi, Jin A; La, Tae Yoon; Jee, Dong Hyun; Cho, Yang Kyung

2016-01-01

To compare the effects of the surgical insult of cataract surgery on corneal inflammatory infiltration, neovascularization (NV) and lymphangiogenesis (LY) between the dry eye and non-dry eye in murine cataract surgery models. We established two groups of animals, one with normal eyes (non-dry eye) and the second with induced dry eyes. In both groups, we used surgical insults to mimic human cataract surgery, which consisted of lens extraction, corneal incision and suture. After harvesting of corneas on the 9(th) postoperative day and immunohistochemical staining, we compared NV, LY and CD11b+ cell infiltration in the corneas. Dry eye group had significantly more inflammatory infiltration (21.75%±7.17% vs 3.65%±1.49%; P=0.049). The dry eye group showed significantly more NV (48.21%±4.02% vs 26.24%±6.01%; P=0.016) and greater levels of LY (9.27%±0.48% vs 4.84%±1.15%; P=0.007). In corneas on which no surgery was performed, there was no induction of NV in both the dry and non-dry group, but dry eye group demonstrated more CD11b+ cells infiltration than the non-dry eye group (0.360%±0.160% vs 0.023%±0.006%; P=0.068). Dry eye group showed more NV than non-dry eye group in both topical PBS application and subconjunctival PBS injection (P=0.020 and 0.000, respectively). In a murine cataract surgery model, preexisting dry eye can induce more postoperative NV, LY, and inflammation in corneal tissue.

Juvenile eye growth, when completed?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fledelius, Hans C; Christensen, Anders S; Fledelius, Christian

2014-01-01

PURPOSE: To test Sorsby's classical statement of axial eye growth as completed at the age of 13 years, with a view also to differentiating between basic eye growth and juvenile elongation associated with eventual refractive change towards myopia. METHODS: (i) A total of 160 healthy eyes close...... about age 13 as general limit found support from the cross-sectional data, which suggested stable emmetropic eye size from about 11-12 years, with an average apparently outgrown male emmetropic value of 23.5 mm versus females' 22.9 mm. The longitudinal data, however, showed emmetropic growth also beyond...

Smoking and Eye Health

Science.gov (United States)

... Patient Stories Español Eye Health / Tips & Prevention Sections Smoking and Eye Disease Leer en Español: El cigarrillo ... By: Brenda Pagan-Duran MD Apr. 27, 2017 Smoking contributes to a number of major health problems, ...

Keep An Eye Out For Myasthenia Gravis Patients With An Eye Out

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A Arturo eLeis

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Eye trauma and blindness are common in the United States, with an incidence of over 2 million cases per year and 25 million blind adults, respectively. However, literature is surprisingly scarce on the potential confounding effect of eye trauma or blindness on the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG, an autoimmune neuromuscular disease in which fluctuating ocular symptoms are the most distinguishing feature. We present the case of a 75 year-old man with eye enucleation referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation of the right upper limb after an accidental fall. Neurological examination showed proximal muscle weakness, but MG was not initially considered because the patient lacked the classic ocular symptoms of MG. The delay in diagnosis resulted in worsening of systemic MG symptoms, although in other patients it may have precipitated MG crisis or possibly death. Greater awareness that eye trauma or blindness can prevent expression of ocular symptoms in neuromuscular disorders is needed to avoid morbidity associated with an erroneous or delayed diagnosis.

[Jacqueline Wilson. Tracy Beakeri sari] / Krista Kivisalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kivisalu, Krista, 1968-

2016-01-01

Tutvustus: Wilson, Jacqueline. Tracy Beakeri lugu. [Tallinn] : Pegasus, 2015 ; Wilson, Jacqueline. Pühadeüllatus. [Tallinn] : Pegasus, c2015 ; Wilson, Jacqueline. Julgusmäng. [Tallinn] : Pegasus, c2015

Raamatud / Juhan Habicht

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Habicht, Juhan, 1954-

1991-01-01

Raamatutvustused: Beier, Priidu. Mustil päevil. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, [1991]. Ristikivi, Karl. Inimese teekond : luuletusi. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1991. Erich, Artur. Äike. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, [1991

Ladina keele õpikud ja sententsikogumikud / Ivo Volt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Volt, Ivo, 1975-

2000-01-01

Ka sententsikogumikest: V. Hromov. Dicta et proverbia Latina. Tallinn : Perioodika, 1997 ; 1001 ladina sententsi eesti vastetega. Tallinn : Valgus, 1997 ; K. Türk. Lendsõnade leksikon. Tallinn : Avita, 1998

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job ... Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines ... Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job Center Our Sites EyeWiki International Society ... Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job Center Our Sites EyeWiki International Society ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job Center Our Sites EyeWiki International Society of Refractive ... Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum of Vision Ophthalmology Job Center Our Sites EyeWiki International Society of Refractive ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum ... Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and Deadlines Museum ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Media Medical Students Patients and Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare ... Media Medical Students Patients and Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and ... Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare Physician Payment Meetings and ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare ... Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America Help IRIS Registry Medicare ...

What Is Dry Eye?

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Full Text Available ... Medical Students Patients and Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America ... Medical Students Patients and Public Technicians and Nurses Senior Ophthalmologists Young Ophthalmologists Tools and Services EyeCare America ...

Genetic analyses of the human eye colours using a novel objective method for eye colour classification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Jeppe D.; Johansen, Peter; Harder, Stine

2013-01-01

In this study, we present a new objective method for measuring the eye colour on a continuous scale that allows researchers to associate genetic markers with different shades of eye colour. With the use of the custom designed software Digital Iris Analysis Tool (DIAT), the iris was automatically...... and TYR rs1393350) on the eye colour. We evaluated the two published prediction models for eye colour (IrisPlex [1] and Snipper[2]) and compared the predictions with the PIE-scores. We found good concordance with the prediction from individuals typed as HERC2 rs12913832 G. However, both methods had......-score ranged from −1 to 1 (brown to blue). The software eliminated the need for user based interpretation and qualitative eye colour categories. In 94% (570) of 605 analyzed eye images, the iris region was successfully extracted and a PIE-score was calculated. A very high correlation between the PIE...

Trends and topics in eye disease research in PubMed from 2010 to 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Boudry, Christophe; Denion, Eric; Mortemousque, Bruno; Mouriaux, Fréderic

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to provide a report on scientific production during the period 2010-2014 in order to identify the major topics as well as the predominant actors (journals, countries, continents) involved in the field of eye disease. A PubMed search was carried out to extract articles related to eye diseases during the period 2010-2014. Data were downloaded and processed through developed PHP scripts for further analysis. A total of 62,123 articles were retrieved. A total of 3,368 different journals were found, and 19 journals were identified as "core journals" according to Braford's law. English was by far the predominant language. A total of 853,182 MeSH terms were found, representing an average of 13.73 (SD = 4.98) MeSH terms per article. Among these 853,182 MeSH terms, 14,689 different MeSH terms were identified. Vision Disorders, Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration, and Cataract were the most frequent five MeSH terms related to eye diseases. The analysis of the total number of publications showed that Europe and Asia were the most productive continents, and the USA and China the most productive countries. Interestingly, using the mean Five-Year Impact Factor, the two most productive continents were North America and Oceania. After adjustment for population, the overall ranking positions changed in favor of smaller countries (i.e. Iceland, Switzerland, Denmark, and New Zealand), while after adjustment for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the overall ranking positions changed in favor of some developing countries (Malawi, Guatemala, Singapore). Due to the large number of articles included and the numerous parameters analyzed, this study provides a wide view of scientific productivity related to eye diseases during the period 2010-2014 and allows us to better understand this field.

Demonstration of angle widening using EyeCam after laser peripheral iridotomy in eyes with angle closure.

Science.gov (United States)

Perera, Shamira A; Quek, Desmond T; Baskaran, Mani; Tun, Tin A; Kumar, Rajesh S; Friedman, David S; Aung, Tin

2010-06-01

To evaluate EyeCam in detecting changes in angle configuration after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in comparison to gonioscopy, the reference standard. Prospective comparative study. Twenty-four subjects (24 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) were recruited. Gonioscopy and EyeCam (Clarity Medical Systems) imaging of all 4 angle quadrants were performed, before and 2 weeks after LPI. Images were graded according to angle structures visible by an observer masked to clinical data or the status of LPI, and were performed in a random order. Angle closure in a quadrant was defined as the inability to visualize the posterior trabecular meshwork. We determined the number of quadrants with closed angles and the mean number of clock hours of angle closure before and after LPI in comparison to gonioscopy. Using EyeCam, all 24 eyes showed at least 1 quadrant of angle widening after LPI. The mean number of clock hours of angle closure decreased significantly, from 8.15 +/- 3.47 clock hours before LPI to 1.75 +/- 2.27 clock hours after LPI (P gonioscopy showed 1.0 +/- 1.41 (95% CI, 0.43-1.57) quadrants opening from closed to open after LPI compared to 2.0 +/- 1.28 (95% CI, 1.49-2.51, P = .009) quadrants with EyeCam. Intra-observer reproducibility of grading the extent of angle closure in clock hours in EyeCam images was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.831). EyeCam may be used to document changes in angle configuration after LPI in eyes with PACG. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Social-economic analysis of patients with Sjogren's syndrome dry eye in East China: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Yao, Wang; Le, Qihua

2018-02-02

Sjogren's syndrome is the leading cause for aqueous tear-deficiency dry eye. Little is known regarding the relationship between Sjogren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) and patients' medical expenditure, clinical severity and psychological status changes. Thirty-four SSDE patients and thirty non-Sjogren's syndrome dry eye (non-SSDE) subjects were enrolled. They were required to complete three self-report questionnaires: Ocular Surface Disease Index, Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scales, and a questionnaire designed by the researchers to study the patients' treatment, medical expenditure and income. The correlations between expenditures and these parameters were analyzed. The annual total expenditure on the treatment of SSDE was Chinese Yuan 7637.2 (approximately US$1173.8) on average, and the expense paid by SSDE patients themselves was Chinese Yuan 2627.8 (approximately US$403.9), which were 5.5 and 4.5 times higher than non-SSDE patients (both P < 0.001). The annual total expense on Chinese medicine and western medicine were 35.6 times and 78.4% higher in SSDE group than in non-SSDE group (both P < 0.001). Moreover, indirect costs associated with the treatment were 70.0% higher in SSDE group. In SSDE group, the score of Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scales had significantly positive correlation with total medical expenditure and the expense on Chinese medicine (ρ = 0.399 and ρ = 0.400,both P = 0.019). Nevertheless, total medical expenditure paid by the patients in non-SSDE group positively correlated with the score of Ocular Surface Disease Index (ρ = 0.386, P = 0.035). Medication expenditures and associated costs is an unignorable economic burden to the patients with SSDE. The medical expense had a significantly correlation with clinical severity of SSDE and the patients' psychological status.

Gollandskaja KLM natshinajet poljotõ v Amsterdam / Diana King

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

King, Diana

2005-01-01

Tallinnast alustasid liinilende esmakordselt Eesti turule saabunud lennufirmad: Hollandi KML alustas regulaarlende Tallinn-Amsterdami liinil ning Rootsi tütarfirma Finnair-flyNordic Tallinn-Stockholmi ja Tallinn-Kopenhaageni liinil

Ulmekaravan liigub / Veiko Belials

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Belials, Veiko, 1966-

2001-01-01

Arvustus: Hargla, Indrek. Pan Grpowski üheksa juhtumit. Tallinn : Kuldsulg, 2001 ; Berg, Lew R. Tempel selvas. Tallinn : Salasõna, 2001 ; Veskimees, Siim. Operatsioon "Ogaline Päike. Tallinn : Fantaasia, 2001

Punanahklusest: Majakovskist indiaanlasteni / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2011-01-01

Tutvustus: Jangfeldt, Bengt. Mäng elu peale : Vladimir Majakovski ja tema lähikond / tõlkinud Anu Saluäär. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Céline, Louis-Ferdinand. Reis öö lõppu / tõlkinud Heli Allik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Simone, Claude. Flandria tee / tõlkinud Leena Tomasberg. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011 ; Härm, Tiiu. Jää voolab : Eesti polaarränduri August Masiku maailm. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2010 ; Page, Jake. Suure vaimu rüpes : Ameerika indiaanlaste 20 000-aastane ajalugu / tõlkinud Matti Piirimaa. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2011

Silmakirjalik aastasada / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2006-01-01

Tutvustus: Hyvärinen, Pekka. Soome mees : Urho Kekkose elu / tlk. Tauno Vahter. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Tuchman, Barbara W. Augustikahurid / tlk. Armand Tungal ja Tõnis Värnik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Ernesaks, Viive. Viiv. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006 ; Kiik, Heino. Leida ennast : 1954-1963. Viies raamat. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2006 ; Lotman, Juri. Vestlusi vene kultuurist : Vene aadli argielu ja traditsioonid 18. sajandil ja 19. sajandi algul. 2 / [tõlkinud Kajar Pruul]. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Lotman, Mihhail. Pistriku talvekarje : esseid Joseph Brodsky poeetikast ja surmast. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005

Eyes wide shut: amygdala mediates eyes-closed effect on emotional experience with music.

Science.gov (United States)

Lerner, Yulia; Papo, David; Zhdanov, Andrey; Belozersky, Libi; Hendler, Talma

2009-07-15

The perceived emotional value of stimuli and, as a consequence the subjective emotional experience with them, can be affected by context-dependent styles of processing. Therefore, the investigation of the neural correlates of emotional experience requires accounting for such a variable, a matter of an experimental challenge. Closing the eyes affects the style of attending to auditory stimuli by modifying the perceptual relationship with the environment without changing the stimulus itself. In the current study, we used fMRI to characterize the neural mediators of such modification on the experience of emotionality in music. We assumed that closed eyes position will reveal interplay between different levels of neural processing of emotions. More specifically, we focused on the amygdala as a central node of the limbic system and on its co-activation with the Locus Ceruleus (LC) and Ventral Prefrontal Cortex (VPFC); regions involved in processing of, respectively, 'low', visceral-, and 'high', cognitive-related, values of emotional stimuli. Fifteen healthy subjects listened to negative and neutral music excerpts with eyes closed or open. As expected, behavioral results showed that closing the eyes while listening to emotional music resulted in enhanced rating of emotionality, specifically of negative music. In correspondence, fMRI results showed greater activation in the amygdala when subjects listened to the emotional music with eyes closed relative to eyes open. More so, by using voxel-based correlation and a dynamic causal model analyses we demonstrated that increased amygdala activation to negative music with eyes closed led to increased activations in the LC and VPFC. This finding supports a system-based model of perceived emotionality in which the amygdala has a central role in mediating the effect of context-based processing style by recruiting neural operations involved in both visceral (i.e. 'low') and cognitive (i.e. 'high') related processes of emotions.

Do we see eye to eye? Chinese mothers' and fathers' parenting beliefs and values for toddlers in Canada and China.

Science.gov (United States)

Chuang, Susan S; Su, Yanjie

2009-06-01

This study explores maternal and paternal parenting practices (authoritative or authoritarian) and parental values and goals for toddlers among Chinese mothers and fathers in Canada and China. The participants included 126 families of 1-year-old toddlers (67 Chinese Canadians and 59 mainland Chinese). The findings revealed that Chinese Canadian parents were more supportive of authoritative practices, and Chinese parents were more likely to support authoritarian practices. Between mothers and fathers, gender differences were found within countries. Interparental agreement for parenting beliefs varied by infant gender and country. For parental values, parents generally endorsed self-confidence as the most important trait for their toddlers. Endorsement of other traits (collectivistic and individualistic) varied in importance. Links among parenting beliefs and desired personality traits for their children were also explored. Copyright 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Comparison of postoperative corneal changes between dry eye and non-dry eye in a murine cataract surgery model

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Jin Woo; Chung, Yeon Woong; Choi, Jin A; La, Tae Yoon; Jee, Dong Hyun; Cho, Yang Kyung

2016-01-01

AIM To compare the effects of the surgical insult of cataract surgery on corneal inflammatory infiltration, neovascularization (NV) and lymphangiogenesis (LY) between the dry eye and non-dry eye in murine cataract surgery models. METHODS We established two groups of animals, one with normal eyes (non-dry eye) and the second with induced dry eyes. In both groups, we used surgical insults to mimic human cataract surgery, which consisted of lens extraction, corneal incision and suture. After harvesting of corneas on the 9th postoperative day and immunohistochemical staining, we compared NV, LY and CD11b+ cell infiltration in the corneas. RESULTS Dry eye group had significantly more inflammatory infiltration (21.75%±7.17% vs 3.65%±1.49%; P=0.049). The dry eye group showed significantly more NV (48.21%±4.02% vs 26.24%±6.01%; P=0.016) and greater levels of LY (9.27%±0.48% vs 4.84%±1.15%; P=0.007). In corneas on which no surgery was performed, there was no induction of NV in both the dry and non-dry group, but dry eye group demonstrated more CD11b+ cells infiltration than the non-dry eye group (0.360%±0.160% vs 0.023%±0.006%; P=0.068). Dry eye group showed more NV than non-dry eye group in both topical PBS application and subconjunctival PBS injection (P=0.020 and 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION In a murine cataract surgery model, preexisting dry eye can induce more postoperative NV, LY, and inflammation in corneal tissue. PMID:26949638

Eye retraction in the giant guitarfish, Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea): a novel mechanism for eye protection in batoid fishes.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomita, Taketeru; Murakumo, Kiyomi; Miyamoto, Kei; Sato, Keiichi; Oka, Shin-ichiro; Kamisako, Haruka; Toda, Minoru

2016-02-01

Eye retraction behavior has evolved independently in some vertebrate linages such as mudskippers (fish), frogs and salamanders (amphibians), and cetaceans (mammals). In this paper, we report the eye retraction behavior of the giant guitarfish (Rhynchobatus djiddensis) for the first time, and discuss its mechanism and function. The eye retraction distance was nearly the same as the diameter of the eyeball itself, indicating that eye retraction in the giant guitarfish is probably one of the largest among vertebrates. Eye retraction is achieved by unique arrangement of the eye muscle: one of the anterior eye muscles (the obliquus inferior) is directed ventrally from the eyeball and attaches to the ventral surface of the neurocranium. Due to such muscle arrangement, the obliquus inferior can pull the eyeball ventrally. This mechanism was also confirmed by electrical stimulation of the obliquus inferior. The eye retraction ability of the giant guitarfish likely represents a novel eye protection behavior of elasmobranch fishes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Sun, UV Radiation and Your Eyes

Science.gov (United States)

... Sunglasses Sun Smart UV Safety Infographic The Sun, UV Radiation and Your Eyes Leer en Español: El ... Aug. 28, 2014 Keep an Eye on Ultraviolet (UV) Safety Eye medical doctors (ophthalmologists) caution us that ...

Quality indicators for eye bank

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manisha Acharya

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify quality indicators of the eye bank and validate their effectivity. Methods: Adverse reaction rate, discard rate, protocol deviation rate, and compliance rate were defined as Quality Indicators of the eye bank. These were identified based on definition of quality that captures two dimensions – “result quality” and “process quality.” The indicators were measured and tracked as part of quality assurance (QA program of the eye bank. Regular audits were performed to validate alignment of standard operating procedures (SOP with regulatory and surgeon acceptance standards and alignment of activities performed in the eye bank with the SOP. Prospective study of the indicators was performed by comparing their observed values over the period 2011–2016. Results: Adverse reaction rate decreased more than 8-fold (from 0.61% to 0.07%, discard rate decreased and stabilized at 30%, protocol deviation rate decreased from 1.05% to 0.08%, and compliance rate reported by annual quality audits improved from 59% to 96% at the same time. In effect, adverse reaction rate, discard rate, and protocol deviation rate were leading indicators, and compliance rate was the trailing indicator. Conclusion: These indicators fulfill an important gap in available literature on QA in eye banking. There are two ways in which these findings can be meaningful. First, eye banks which are new to quality measurement can adopt these indicators. Second, eye banks which are already deeply engaged in quality improvement can test these indicators in their eye bank, thereby incorporating them widely and improving them over time.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the frontal eye fields during saccadic eye movements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miki, Atsushi; Takagi, Mineo; Abe, Haruki; Nakajima, Takashi; Miyauchi, Satoru.

1996-01-01

We evaluated activity-induced signal intensity changes in the human cerebral cortex during horizontal saccadic eye movements using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast method. Compared with central fixation, significant signal increases were observed bilaterally in the middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 8) during saccadic conditions. The location of the activated area was consistent with that of previously reported frontal eye fields (FEF). These results suggest that fMRI has potential merit for the study of cortical control of eye movements in humans. (author)

Eye safe laser range finders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Snir, M.; Margaliot, M.; Amitzi, A.

2004-01-01

During the 1970's, Ruby (Q switched) laser based range finders with a wavelength of 694nm were first used. These lasers operated in a pulse mode within the visible light range and produced a risk for the eye retina. The laser beam striking the macula could damage the eye and might cause blindness. Over the years, Nd:YAG (Q switched) lasers were developed (operating at 1064nm) for range finding and designation uses. The wavelength of these lasers, operating in the near Infra-Red range (invisible), is also focused tightly on the retina. The human eye does not respond to the invisible light so there is no natural protection (eye blink reflex) as in the visible light. The operation of these lasers worldwide, especially when the laser beam is exposed, causes occasional eye accidents. Another risk is stemming from the use of observation systems with a high optical gain, in the laser operation areas, which enlarge the range of risk quite significantly. Therefore, research and development efforts were invested in order to introduce eye safe lasers. One of the solutions for this problem is presented in following document

Apteeginaps ajaloomälu turgutuseks / Aet Varik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Varik, Aet

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Hargla, Indrek. Apteeker Melchior ja Oleviste mõistatus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Apteeker Melchior ja Rataskaevu viirastus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Apteeker Melchior ja timuka tütar. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011

Kuula ka neid / Joosep Sang

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sang, Joosep

2009-01-01

Tutvustused : XXI Sajandi Orkester. Üheksa. Tallinn : XXISO, 2008. Illustraator. Minu keha. Tallinn : MTÜ ILL Produktsioon, 2008. Pastoraal. Helirännak põldudel ja heinamaadel. Tallinn : Eestimaa Looduse fond, 2008

Dry eyes: etiology and management.

Science.gov (United States)

Latkany, Robert

2008-07-01

Until recently, the cause of dry eye syndrome was uncertain and the treatment was palliative. Since discovering that dry eyes are caused by inflammation, there has been an abundance of research focusing on anti-inflammatory therapies, other contributing causes, and better diagnostic testing. This review summarizes some of the interesting published research on ocular surface disease over the past year. The definition of dry eye now highlights the omnipresent symptom of blurry vision. The re-evaluation of ocular surface staining, tear meniscus height, and visual change will allow for a better diagnosis and understanding of dry eyes. Punctal plugs, and oral and topical anti-inflammatory use will strengthen our arsenal against ocular surface disease. Major progress has occurred in the past few years in gaining a better understanding of the etiology of dry eye syndrome, which will inevitably lead to more effective therapeutic options.

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... is also when your eyes do not make the right type of tears or tear film . How do tears work? When you blink, a film of tears spreads over the eye. This keeps the eye’s surface smooth and ...

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... bloodshot when I wake up? Jun 26, 2016 Why are my eyes dry after LASIK? Jun 19, 2016 Can I be tested whether I close my eyes when I sleep? Feb 10, 2016 Can light sensitivity from Parkinson’s ...

Lugemisnoppeid: antropoloogia / Marek Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamm, Marek, 1973-

2012-01-01

Tutvustus: Jürgenson, Aivar. Ladina rahva seas : Argentina ja sealsed eestlased. Tallinn, 2011 ; Annist, Aet. Otsides kogukonda sotsialismijärgses keskuskülas : arenguantropoloogiline uurimus. Tallinn : Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2011. (Acta Universitatis Tallinnensis. Socialia) ; Hiiemäe, Reet. Kaitsemaagia eesti rahvausundis. Tallinn, 2012 ; Augé, Marc. Kohad ja mittekohad : sissejuhatus ülimodernsuse antropoloogiasse. Tallinn : Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2012. (Bibliotheca controversiarum)

[Observation on therapeutic effect of dry eye syndrome treated with acupuncture on the acupoints around the eyes].

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Wei-Ping; Liu, Min; Zhang, Yi-Biao

2010-06-01

To observed the clinical efficacy on dry eye syndrome treated with acupuncture on the acupoints around the eyes. Fifty-six cases of dry eye syndrome were divided into two groups, acupuncture group and western medicine group, 28 cases in each one. In acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to Jingming (BL 1), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), Tongziliao (GB 1), etc. In western medicine group, the topical artificial tear eye drops were administered. The corneal fluorescein staining, breaking-up time (BUT), tear volume and the symptom score were observed before and after treatment in two groups. In comparison before and after treatment in acupuncture group, the statistical significant difference presented in BUT, tear volume and the symptom score (all P eyes achieves a quite good efficacy on dry eye syndrome.

Face perception in the mind's eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Righart, Ruthger; Burra, Nicolas; Vuilleumier, Patrik

2011-03-01

Perceptual filling-in occurs when visual stimuli are recognized in impoverished viewing conditions. Whether missing information is filled-in during face perception and which stages might be involved in this process are still unresolved questions. Because an identity can be brought to mind by seeing eyes only, we hypothesized that missing information might be filled-in from a memory trace for the whole face identity. We presented participants with faces in phase 1 and later we presented eyes-only in phase 2. For some of these eyes in phase 2, the whole face had been presented in the previous phase, for others identical eyes had been presented. Event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed an N170 component that was more negative when eyes were preceded by a whole face in the previous phase compared to eyes preceded by identical eyes-only. A more positive-going late positive complex (LPC) was also found, suggesting enhanced retrieval of face memory representations when eyes were preceded by whole faces. Our results show that pre-existing representations of face identity can influence early stages of visual encoding, 170 ms after stimulus onset. These effects may reflect top-down modulation by memory on visual recognition processes by filling-in the missing facial information.

Effects of PUVA on the eye

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Backman, H.A.

1982-01-01

Psoriasis is a common skin disease which may be treated with 8-methoxy psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA). Eye protection is provided during and after treatment to prevent the development of photokeratitis and cataracts. Fifteen patients, treated with medication and ultraviolet A (UVA) had an initial complete eye examination and a repeat examination after each treatment. No patients developed cataracts but almost one-half of the patients had a mild form of photokeratoconjunctivitis. The ocular manifestations included photophobia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eyes. Tear break-up time was reduced significantly immediately after treatment for two patients but returned to normal 8 hr later. Dermatologists who employ PUVA treatments should be concerned about photokeratoconjunctivitis and the dry-eye ocular manifestations included photophobia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eyes. Tear break-up time was reduced significantly immediately after treatment for two patients but returned to normal 8 hr later. Dermatologists who employ PUVA treatments should be concerned about photokeratoconjunctivitis and the dry-eye ocular manifestations included photophobia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and dry eyes. Tear break-up time was reduced significantly immediately after treatment for two patients but returned to normal 8 hr later. Dermatologists who employ PUVA treatments should be concerned about photokeratoconjunctivitis and the dry-eye syndrome

Modelling human eye under blast loading.

Science.gov (United States)

Esposito, L; Clemente, C; Bonora, N; Rossi, T

2015-01-01

Primary blast injury (PBI) is the general term that refers to injuries resulting from the mere interaction of a blast wave with the body. Although few instances of primary ocular blast injury, without a concomitant secondary blast injury from debris, are documented, some experimental studies demonstrate its occurrence. In order to investigate PBI to the eye, a finite element model of the human eye using simple constitutive models was developed. The material parameters were calibrated by a multi-objective optimisation performed on available eye impact test data. The behaviour of the human eye and the dynamics of mechanisms occurring under PBI loading conditions were modelled. For the generation of the blast waves, different combinations of explosive (trinitrotoluene) mass charge and distance from the eye were analysed. An interpretation of the resulting pressure, based on the propagation and reflection of the waves inside the eye bulb and orbit, is proposed. The peculiar geometry of the bony orbit (similar to a frustum cone) can induce a resonance cavity effect and generate a pressure standing wave potentially hurtful for eye tissues.

Three Women in Quest of Narrative / Tiina Kirss

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kirss, Tiina, 1957-

2008-01-01

Epp Annuse romaanist "Sina, Matilda" (Tallinn : Tuum, 2007), Kärt Hellermaa novellikogust "Ma armastasin David Copperfieldi" (Tallinn : Tuum, 2007) ja Kristiina Ehini lühiproosakogust "Pillipuhujanaine ja pommipanijanaine" (Tallinn : Huma, 2006)

Jaan Ellen talletab rahva valu / Contra

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Contra, pseud., 1974-

2005-01-01

Raamatud : Ellen, Jaan. Hällimaa. Tallinn, 2004 ; Varjatud valu : mälestusi Teisest maailmasõjast / koostaja Jaan Ellen. Tallinn, 2005 ; Palutedre, Arnold-Johannes. Viis tuhat päeva : [memuaarid]. Tallinn, 2005

Jaan Ellen loob ehedaid elupilte eesti rahva saatusest / Liina Valper

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valper, Liina, 1941-

2005-01-01

Raamatud : Ellen, Jaan. Hällimaa. Tallinn, 2004 ; Varjatud valu : mälestusi Teisest maailmasõjast / koostaja Jaan Ellen. Tallinn, 2005 ; Palutedre, Arnold-Johannes. Viis tuhat päeva : [memuaarid]. Tallinn, 2005

Maffia, hullus ja Sannikovi maa / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Roberts, Gregory David. Shantaram. 1.-2. raamat / tõlkinud Riina Jesmin. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Akutagawa, Ryūnosuke. Mandariinid tihnikus. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Põder, Rein. Kauge. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011

Prevalence and associated factors of corneal blindness in Ningxia in northwest China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xun-Lun Sheng

2014-06-01

Full Text Available AIM:To describe the prevalence and demographic characteristics of corneal blindness in an urban and rural region of Ningxia, located in the northwest part of China.METHODS:A stratified, randomized sampling procedure was employed in the study, including urban and rural area of all age group. Visual acuity, anterior segment and ocular fundus were checked. Related factor of corneal disease, including age, gender, education status, ethnic group, location and occupation, were identified according to uniform customized protocol. An eye was defined to be corneal blindness if the visual acuity was <20/400 due to a corneal disease.RESULTS:Three thousand individuals (1290 from urban area and 1710 from rural area participated in the investigation, with a response rate of 80.380%. The prevalence of corneal blindness was 0.023% in both eyes and 0.733% in at least one eye. The blindness in at least one eye with varied causes was present in 106 participants (3.533% and in bilateral eyes in 34 participants (1.133%. The corneal diseases accounted for 20.754% of blindness in at least one eye and 20.588% of bilateral blindness. The prevalence of corneal disease was higher in older and Han ethnic group, especially those who occupied in agriculture and outdoor work. People with corneal blindness were more likely to be older and lower education. Rural population were more likely to suffer from bilateral corneal blindness than the urban population in ≥59-year group (χ2=6.716, P=0.019. Infectious, trauma and immune corneal disease were the three leading causes of corneal disease. Trauma corneal disease was more likely leading to blindness in one eye. However, infectious and immune corneal diseases make more contribution to the bilateral corneal blindness.CONCLUSION: Corneal blindness is a significant burden of in Ningxia population, encompassing a variety of corneal infections and trauma; the majority of those were avoidable. Health promotion strategies and good

Vergence-mediated changes in the axis of eye rotation during the human vestibulo-ocular reflex can occur independent of eye position.

Science.gov (United States)

Migliaccio, Americo A; Cremer, Phillip D; Aw, Swee T; Halmagyi, G Michael; Curthoys, Ian S; Minor, Lloyd B; Todd, Michael J

2003-07-01

The aim of this study was to determine whether vergence-mediated changes in the axis of eye rotation in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) would obey Listing's Law (normally associated with saccadic eye movements) independent of the initial eye position. We devised a paradigm for disassociating the saccadic velocity axis from eye position by presenting near and far targets that were centered with respect to one eye. We measured binocular 3-dimensional eye movements using search coils in ten normal subjects and 3-dimensional linear head acceleration using Optotrak in seven normal subjects. The stimuli consisted of passive, unpredictable, pitch head rotations with peak acceleration of approximately 2000 degrees /s(2 )and amplitude of approximately 20 degrees. During the pitch head rotation, each subject fixated straight ahead with one eye, whereas the other eye was adducted 4 degrees during far viewing (94 cm) and 25 degrees during near viewing (15 cm). Our data showed expected compensatory pitch rotations in both eyes, and a vergence-mediated horizontal rotation only in the adducting eye. In addition, during near viewing we observed torsional eye rotations not only in the adducting eye but also in the eye looking straight ahead. In the straight-ahead eye, the change in torsional eye velocity between near and far viewing, which began approximately 40 ms after the start of head rotation, was 10+/-6 degrees /s (mean +/- SD). This change in torsional eye velocity resulted in a 2.4+/-1.5 degrees axis tilt toward Listing's plane in that eye. In the adducting eye, the change in torsional eye velocity between near and far viewing was 16+/-6 degrees /s (mean +/- SD) and resulted in a 4.1+/-1.4 degrees axis tilt. The torsional eye velocities were conjugate and both eyes partially obeyed Listing's Law. The axis of eye rotation tilted in the direction of the line of sight by approximately one-third of the angle between the line of sight and a line orthogonal to Listing

Research on Eye Movement Tracking in ESL Reading

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenlian ZHAN

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Eye movement behavior in reading can reflect on-line cognitive process. Through the on-line measure of eye movement, under relatively natural reading condition, data of the reader’ s eye movement in the text can be obtained in processing information, and thus help to reveal the internal cognitive mechanisms in reading. With the development of intelligentization, serialization and portable direction in eye tracker, there exist great number of studies on eye movement tracking, but studies on eye movement features in ESL reading are rare. In such circumstances, this paper mainly illustrates eye movement patterns, the relationship between eye movement and perceptual processing, and eye movement control in ESL reading.

EyeAR: Refocusable Augmented Reality Content through Eye Measurements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Damien Constantine Rompapas

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Augmented Reality (AR superimposes computer graphics (CG onto a user’s view of the real world. A key quality problem in this field is to achieve coherence between reality and CG when the user’s eyes refocus or change pupil size. We designed and evaluated a display that improves coherence by measuring the user’s eye state and continuously adapting CG accordingly. Our tabletop prototype emulates an Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display, a common AR display device. In our evaluation, participants observed three pillars at different depths. We then challenged them to identify a virtual pillar among the three while freely refocusing their eyes. Results show that our design significantly improved realism. Compared to Light Field Displays, our design aims to simplify display-optics while providing similar quality. We could only partially achieve this goal. We discuss the lessons we learned and how we plan to overcome the remaining challenges. The experimental protocol from our evaluation is useful for display developers as it can be used to measure the coherence of a display.

XI. THE WATERING EYE

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cause a watering eye; this condition is.called epiphora. Clearly, then, in investigating ... blockage is a common disease in the middle age-groups seen in hospital .... a dry eye, and this is so much worse than a wet one that the procedure is only ...

Eye tracking social preferences

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, Ting; Potters, Jan; Funaki, Yukihiko

We hypothesize that if people are motivated by a particular social preference, then choosing in accordance with this preference will lead to an identifiable pattern of eye movements. We track eye movements while subjects make choices in simple three-person distribution experiments. We characterize

Dry eye syndrome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. F. Brovkina

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with thyroid eye disease is presented. The influence of therapy by a HYLO-PARIN® on a condition of a tear film in patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease is assessed. Methods: 34 eyes (17 patients with thyroid eye disease were investigated. Dry eye evaluations included Shirmer and Jhones testing, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining. Patients were treated with HYLOPARIN ® (Ursapharm, Germany.Results: Study showed that HYLO-PARIN® resulted in marked improvement as assessed by subjective complaints, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up test.Conclusion: HYLO-PARIN® provided relief from the signsand symptoms of dry eye syndrome at patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease.

Dry eye syndrome in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. F. Brovkina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose: The pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with thyroid eye disease is presented. The influence of therapy by a HYLO-PARIN® on a condition of a tear film in patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease is assessed. Methods: 34 eyes (17 patients with thyroid eye disease were investigated. Dry eye evaluations included Shirmer and Jhones testing, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining. Patients were treated with HYLOPARIN ® (Ursapharm, Germany.Results: Study showed that HYLO-PARIN® resulted in marked improvement as assessed by subjective complaints, Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up test.Conclusion: HYLO-PARIN® provided relief from the signsand symptoms of dry eye syndrome at patients with various forms of thyroid eye disease.

When to Have an Eye Exam

Science.gov (United States)

... from your doctor If you're seeing a new eye doctor or if you're having your first ... over your eye. This helps reveal any damaged cells on the front of your eye. Your tears wash the dye from the surface ...

Fish eye optics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hudec, René; Michalová, S.

2017-01-01

Roč. 47, č. 2 (2017), s. 94-99 ISSN 1335-1842. [INTEGRAL/BART Workshop /14./. Karlovy Vary, 03.04.2017-07.04.2017] Grant - others:GA ČR(CZ) GA13-33324S Institutional support: RVO:67985815 Keywords : fish eye optics * lobster eye optics * X-ray monitoring Subject RIV: BN - Astronomy, Celestial Mechanics, Astrophysics OBOR OECD: Astronomy (including astrophysics,space science) Impact factor: 0.336, year: 2016

Developmental Eye Movement (DEM Test Norms for Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Chinese Children.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yachun Xie

Full Text Available The Developmental Eye Movement (DEM test is commonly used as a clinical visual-verbal ocular motor assessment tool to screen and diagnose reading problems at the onset. No established norm exists for using the DEM test with Mandarin Chinese-speaking Chinese children. This study aims to establish the normative values of the DEM test for the Mandarin Chinese-speaking population in China; it also aims to compare the values with three other published norms for English-, Spanish-, and Cantonese-speaking Chinese children. A random stratified sampling method was used to recruit children from eight kindergartens and eight primary schools in the main urban and suburban areas of Nanjing. A total of 1,425 Mandarin Chinese-speaking children aged 5 to 12 years took the DEM test in Mandarin Chinese. A digital recorder was used to record the process. All of the subjects completed a symptomatology survey, and their DEM scores were determined by a trained tester. The scores were computed using the formula in the DEM manual, except that the "vertical scores" were adjusted by taking the vertical errors into consideration. The results were compared with the three other published norms. In our subjects, a general decrease with age was observed for the four eye movement indexes: vertical score, adjusted horizontal score, ratio, and total error. For both the vertical and adjusted horizontal scores, the Mandarin Chinese-speaking children completed the tests much more quickly than the norms for English- and Spanish-speaking children. However, the same group completed the test slightly more slowly than the norms for Cantonese-speaking children. The differences in the means were significant (P0.05; compared with Spanish-speaking children, the scores were statistically significant (P0.05. DEM norms may be affected by differences in language, cultural, and educational systems among various ethnicities. The norms of the DEM test are proposed for use with Mandarin Chinese

The prediction of spherical aberration with schematic eyes.

Science.gov (United States)

Liou, H L; Brennan, N A

1996-07-01

Many model eyes have been proposed; they differ in optical characteristics and therefore have different aberrations and image quality. In predicting the visual performance of the eye, we are most concerned with the central foveal vision. Spherical aberration is the only on-axis monochromatic aberration and can be used as a criterion to assess the degree of resemblance of eye models to the human eye. We reviewed and compiled experimental values of the spherical aberration of the eye, calculated the spherical aberration of several different categories of model eyes and compared the calculated results to the experimental data. Results show an over-estimation of spherical aberration by all models, the finite schematic eyes predicting values of spherical aberration closest to the experimental data. Current model eyes do not predict the average experimental values of the spherical aberration of the eye. A new model eye satisfying this assessment criterion is required for investigations of the visual performance of the eye.

Construction of special eye models for investigation of chromatic and higher-order aberrations of eyes.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhai, Yi; Wang, Yan; Wang, Zhaoqi; Liu, Yongji; Zhang, Lin; He, Yuanqing; Chang, Shengjiang

2014-01-01

An achromatic element eliminating only longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) while maintaining transverse chromatic aberration (TCA) is established for the eye model, which involves the angle formed by the visual and optical axis. To investigate the impacts of higher-order aberrations on vision, the actual data of higher-order aberrations of human eyes with three typical levels are introduced into the eye model along visual axis. Moreover, three kinds of individual eye models are established to investigate the impacts of higher-order aberrations, chromatic aberration (LCA+TCA), LCA and TCA on vision under the photopic condition, respectively. Results show that for most human eyes, the impact of chromatic aberration on vision is much stronger than that of higher-order aberrations, and the impact of LCA in chromatic aberration dominates. The impact of TCA is approximately equal to that of normal level higher-order aberrations and it can be ignored when LCA exists.

Oliivipuude triloogia - mõnus suvine võrkkiige-lugemine / Mari Klein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Klein, Mari

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Drinkwater, Carol. Oliiviistandus / tlk. Laine Hone. Tallinn : Varrak, 2004 ; Drinkwater, Carol. Oliivisaak / tlk. Eve-Reet Tammet. Tallinn : Varrak, 2997 ; Drinkwater, Carol. Oliivihooaeg / tlk. Lane Hone ja Karin Rita. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006

Kliiniline kapitalism ja naise neim / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2011-01-01

Tutvustus: Kõiv, Salme. Reet Tammiku. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011 ; Kalda, Katrin. Eesti romaan / tõlkinud Anti Saar. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Zola, Émile. Saak / tõlkinud Kaja Riesen. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011

Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma in the National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, January–October 2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rizki Fasa Ramdhani

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by the deposition of a distinctive fibrillar material in the anterior segment of the eye. This condition is a major risk factor for development of glaucoma, termed pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic and management of PEXG in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted in October–November 2012 using medical records of PEXG patients in the National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital during January–October 2012. Results: There were 32 patients (43 eyes diagnosed as PEXG, most of them were male (78.1%, age 70–74 years old (34.4% and followed by those in the range of age 65–69 years old (21.9%. Most of the cases were unilateral (65.6% decrease of visual acuity less than 3/60 (76.7%, increase of intraocular pressure (IOP with majority in the range of 31–40 mmHg (32.6% and 41–50 mmHg (32.6%, Cup/Disc Ratio 0.9–1.0 (46.51% and followed by those classified as majority which were hard to assess because of the presence of opaque media (34.89%. The type of glaucoma was open angle glaucoma (88.4%. The treatment received was a combination of two types of antiglaucoma medication and surgery IOP Conclusion: PEXG is mostly found in elderly patients. While most of the patients come with high IOP and late stage of the disease IOP

Eye dose assessment and management: overview

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rehani, M.M.

2015-01-01

Some publications have shown that Hp( 0.07 ) or even Hp( 10 ) can be used as good operational quantities for X-rays in view of difficulties with Hp( 3 ). With increasing awareness, there is tendency to use whatever dosimeter is available with correction factor to estimate eye lens dose. The best position for an eye lens dosimeter has been reported to be at the side of the head nearest to the radiation source, close to the eye. Recent studies have reported eye doses with cone beam CT (CBCT) both for patients and staff, and there are many papers reporting eye lens doses to staff in nuclear medicine. To minimise the dose to eyes, the user can take advantage of a feature of CBCT of projections acquired over an angular span of 1808 plus cone angle of the X-ray tube and with tube under scan arcs. (authors)

Põnevikud kõige väiksematele / Krista Kumberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kumberg, Krista, 1959-

2006-01-01

Arvustus: Tungal, Leelo. Siil Felix ja kriminaalne loomaaed. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Tungal, Leelo. Siil Felix ja sekelduste sügis. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Tungal, Leelo. Hernetont Ernestiine. Tallinn : Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 2005.

[Raamatututvustused] / Ervin Õunapuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Õunapuu, Ervin, 1956-

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Remarque, Erich Maria. Lissaboni öö. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2006 ; Jõgisalu, Harri, Tihkan, Lembit. Tulihända püüdmas : lugusid vanalt Läänemaalt. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2001 // Kivirähk, Andrus. Mees, kes teadis ussisõnu. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2007 // Raud, Eno. Tallinn : Ilo, 2005 // Tammsaare, A. H. Sic transit... : kas seni teadlikult "unustatud"?. Muraste : Matrix Kirjastus, 2004

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Brita Melts, Rutt Hinrikus and Janika Kronberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Melts, Brita

2015-01-01

Arvustus: Afanasjev, Vahur. Tünsamäe tigu. Tartu Tartu NAK, 2015 ; Vadi, Urmas. Kuidas me kõik reas niimoodi läheme. Tallinn : Tuum, 2014 ; Traat, Mats. Kolm Solveigi. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2015 ; Saat, Mari. Matused ja laulupeod. Tartu : Petrone Print, 2015 ; Kivisilla, Veronika. Cantus firmus. Tallinn : Näo Kirik, 2015 ; Kolk, Jüri. Suur võidujooks. Tallinn : Tuum, 2015 ; Mudlum. Tõsine inimene. Tallinn : ZA/UM, 2014

Eye Movements When Viewing Advertisements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emily eHiggins

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In this selective review, we examine key findings on eye movements when viewing advertisements. We begin with a brief, general introduction to the properties and neural underpinnings of saccadic eye movements. Next, we provide an overview of eye movement behavior during reading, scene perception, and visual search, since each of these activities is, at various times, involved in viewing ads. We then review the literature on eye movements when viewing print ads and warning labels (of the kind that appear on alcohol and tobacco ads, before turning to a consideration of advertisements in dynamic media (television and the Internet. Finally, we propose topics and methodological approaches that may prove to be useful in future research.

Hawk eyes I: diurnal raptors differ in visual fields and degree of eye movement.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Colleen T O'Rourke

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Different strategies to search and detect prey may place specific demands on sensory modalities. We studied visual field configuration, degree of eye movement, and orbit orientation in three diurnal raptors belonging to the Accipitridae and Falconidae families. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique and an integrated 3D digitizer system. We found inter-specific variation in visual field configuration and degree of eye movement, but not in orbit orientation. Red-tailed Hawks have relatively small binocular areas (∼33° and wide blind areas (∼82°, but intermediate degree of eye movement (∼5°, which underscores the importance of lateral vision rather than binocular vision to scan for distant prey in open areas. Cooper's Hawks' have relatively wide binocular fields (∼36°, small blind areas (∼60°, and high degree of eye movement (∼8°, which may increase visual coverage and enhance prey detection in closed habitats. Additionally, we found that Cooper's Hawks can visually inspect the items held in the tip of the bill, which may facilitate food handling. American Kestrels have intermediate-sized binocular and lateral areas that may be used in prey detection at different distances through stereopsis and motion parallax; whereas the low degree eye movement (∼1° may help stabilize the image when hovering above prey before an attack. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that: (a there are between-species differences in visual field configuration in these diurnal raptors; (b these differences are consistent with prey searching strategies and degree of visual obstruction in the environment (e.g., open and closed habitats; (c variations in the degree of eye movement between species appear associated with foraging strategies; and (d the size of the binocular and blind areas in hawks can vary substantially due to eye movements. Inter-specific variation in visual fields and eye movements can influence

Hawk eyes I: diurnal raptors differ in visual fields and degree of eye movement.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Rourke, Colleen T; Hall, Margaret I; Pitlik, Todd; Fernández-Juricic, Esteban

2010-09-22

Different strategies to search and detect prey may place specific demands on sensory modalities. We studied visual field configuration, degree of eye movement, and orbit orientation in three diurnal raptors belonging to the Accipitridae and Falconidae families. We used an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique and an integrated 3D digitizer system. We found inter-specific variation in visual field configuration and degree of eye movement, but not in orbit orientation. Red-tailed Hawks have relatively small binocular areas (∼33°) and wide blind areas (∼82°), but intermediate degree of eye movement (∼5°), which underscores the importance of lateral vision rather than binocular vision to scan for distant prey in open areas. Cooper's Hawks' have relatively wide binocular fields (∼36°), small blind areas (∼60°), and high degree of eye movement (∼8°), which may increase visual coverage and enhance prey detection in closed habitats. Additionally, we found that Cooper's Hawks can visually inspect the items held in the tip of the bill, which may facilitate food handling. American Kestrels have intermediate-sized binocular and lateral areas that may be used in prey detection at different distances through stereopsis and motion parallax; whereas the low degree eye movement (∼1°) may help stabilize the image when hovering above prey before an attack. We conclude that: (a) there are between-species differences in visual field configuration in these diurnal raptors; (b) these differences are consistent with prey searching strategies and degree of visual obstruction in the environment (e.g., open and closed habitats); (c) variations in the degree of eye movement between species appear associated with foraging strategies; and (d) the size of the binocular and blind areas in hawks can vary substantially due to eye movements. Inter-specific variation in visual fields and eye movements can influence behavioral strategies to visually search for and track prey while

Impact of Dry Eye Disease on Work Productivity, and Patients' Satisfaction With Over-the-Counter Dry Eye Treatments.

Science.gov (United States)

Nichols, Kelly K; Bacharach, Jason; Holland, Edward; Kislan, Thomas; Shettle, Lee; Lunacsek, Orsolya; Lennert, Barb; Burk, Caroline; Patel, Vaishali

2016-06-01

To assess the effect of dry eye disease on work productivity and performance of non-work-related activities, and patients' satisfaction with over-the-counter (OTC) dry eye treatments. In this prospective, noninterventional, cross-sectional study, conducted at 10 U.S. optometry/ophthalmology practices, 158 symptomatic dry eye patients naïve to prescription medication underwent standard dry eye diagnostic tests and completed Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires. Use of OTC dry eye medication, and satisfaction with OTC medication and symptom relief were also assessed. On average, dry eye resulted in loss of 0.36% of work time (∼5 minutes over 7 days) and ∼30% impairment of workplace performance (presenteeism), work productivity, and non-job-related activities. Presenteeism and productivity impairment scores showed significant correlation with OSDI total (r = 0.55) and symptom domain (r = 0.50) scores, but not with dry eye clinical signs. Activity impairment score showed stronger correlation with OSDI total (r = 0.61) and symptom domain (r = 0.53) scores than with clinical signs (r ≤ 0.20). Almost 75% of patients used OTC dry eye medication. Levels of patient satisfaction with OTC medication (64.2%) and symptom relief from OTC (37.3%) were unaffected by administration frequency (≥3 vs. ≤2 times daily). Dry eye causes negligible absenteeism, but markedly reduces workplace and non-job-related performances. Impairment of work performance is more closely linked to dry eye symptoms than to clinical signs. Patients' perceptions of OTC dry eye medication tend to be more positive than their perceptions of symptom relief.

Iris coloboma in one eye and pigment dispersion syndrome in the fellow eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Galvis, Virgilio; Tello, Alejandro; Valarezo, Paul; Prada, Angélica M

2013-05-22

We report a case of a 43-year-old patient with coloboma of the iris, zonule, ciliary body, choroid and retina in the right eye and pigment dispersion syndrome in the left eye. Considering the hypothesis of the pigment dispersion syndrome pathogenesis in which a difference of pressures in the anterior and posterior chambers creates a posterior convexity of the iris leading to reverse pupillary block, iris touch and consequently causing pigment dispersion, we suggest that the presence of an iris coloboma, by equalising the pressures in the two chambers, prevented the onset of syndrome in that eye.

Short outlines of books by Estonian authors / Janika Kronberg, Rutt Hinrikus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kronberg, Janika, 1963-

2006-01-01

Arvustus: Runnel, Hando. Sinamu. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005 ; Talvet, Jüri. Tõrjumatu äär. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005 ; Nõu, Enn. Mõtusekuke viimne kogupauk. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005 ; Merca. Hele häärber. Tartu : Vilep & Vallik, 2005 ; Õnnepalu, Tõnu. Enne heinaaega ja hiljem : luulet ja luuletõlkeid 1983-2005. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2005 ; Kaplinski, Jaan. Kõik on ime. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2004 ; Unt, Mati. Vend Antigone, ema Oidipus. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2006 ; Laretei, Käbi. Otsekui tõlkes : teema variatsioonidega. Tallinn : Tänapäev, 2005 ; Jõerüüt, Jaak. Sõber : valik novelle 1979-2005. Tallinn : Tuum, 2005

The influence of protein free calf blood extract eye gel on dry eye after pterygium surgery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cai-Ni Ji

2013-07-01

Full Text Available AIM: To investigate the influence of protein free calf blood extract eye gel on dry eye after pterygium surgery. METHODS: Thirty six patients(40 eyeswith primary nasal pterygium were enrolled in this study, which were divided into study group and control group randomly, with 20 eyes in each group. All patients received pterygium excision and limbal stem cell autograft surgery and tobramicin dexamethasone eye drops after surgery. Patients of the study group received protein free calf blood extract eye gel while those of the control group received 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops furthermore. Ocular surface disease index(OSDIquestionnaire, tear film break-up time(BUTand Schirmer's Ⅰ test Ⅰ(SⅠtwere carried before and 3 months after surgery to evaluate the dry eye degree of the patients. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the age, gender and size of the pterygium of the study and control groups preoperatively. There was no statistical difference between the OSDI(2.33±1.02 vs 2.32±0.93, BUT(8.80±2.48 vs 8.35±2.28seconds and SⅠt(4.30±2.30 vs 4.40±2.44of the two groups preoperatively. There was statistical difference between the OSDI(1.45±0.47 vs 1.81±0.60, BUT(11.20±2.07 vs 9.50±2.40seconds and SⅠt(8.35±3.13 vs 6.35±2.18of the two groups 3 months postoperatively, which was also different from that of the preoperative data correspondingly. CONCLUSION: Protein free calf blood extract eye gel could reduce the dry eye after pterygium surgery.

Tumedad ained kirjanduses ja päriselt / Mare Müürsepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Müürsepp, Mare

2007-01-01

Analüüsitud on Philip Pullmani triloogiasse "Tema tumedad ained" kuuluvaid romaane : Pullman, Philip. Kuldne kompass. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2002; Pullman, Philip. Inglite torn. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2004; Pullman, Philip. Vaigust kiiker. Tallinn : Tiritamm, 2005

[Eve Hele Sits. Mooni talurahva tähtpäevik ; Mooni metsauudistaja ; Mooni Eestimaa raamat ] / Helja Kirber ; suomennos Katariina Suurpalo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kirber, Helja

2014-01-01

Tutvustus: Sits, Eve Hele. Mooni talurahva tähtpäevik. [Tallinn] : Argo, c2011; Mooni metsauudistaja : tähelepanekuid ja lugusid metsaelust. [Tallinn] : Argo, c2012; Mooni Eestimaa raamat. [Tallinn] : Argo, c2013

Kolm Goncourt'i laureaati korraga / Marek Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tamm, Marek, 1973-

2002-01-01

Arvustus: Tournier, Michel. Haldjakuningas / tlk. Laine Hone. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2002 ; Rouaud, Jean. Auväljad / tlk. Vladimir Indrikson. Tallinn : Atlantis, 2002 ; Roze, Pascale. Hävituslendur Zéro / tlk. Kaja Riesen. Tallinn : Olion, 2002

Eesti vajab oma Richelieu'd / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2006-01-01

Tutvustus: Faulkner, William. Sartoris / tõlkinud Vilma Jürisalu. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2005 ; Runnel, Hando. Sinamu. Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2005 ; Levi, Anthony. Richelieu. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Lõvi, Oskar. Kolm naist [1-3]. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005

Two new species of Coecobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae from China, with an updated key to the Chinese species of the genus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guo-Liang Xu

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Two new Coecobrya species, which were newly collected in 2014, are described from China. Coecobrya sanmingensis sp. n. from southeast China (Fujian is the fourth 1+1 eyed species in the genus; it can be distinguished from other three species by the ciliate chaetae X and X2-4 on the ventral side of head, the abundant chaetae on the trochanteral organ, a large outer tooth on the unguiculus, the absence of smooth manubrial chaetae, and the dorsal chaetotaxy. Coecobrya qinae sp. n. from southwest China (Yunnan is characterized by paddle-like S-chaetae of Ant. III organ, ciliate chaetae X, X2 and X4 posterior to labium, medial macrochaetae on the mesothorax, and 5+5 central and 2+2 lateral macrochaetae on the fourth abdominal segment. An updated key to the Chinese species of Coecobrya is given.

Antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with preservative-free versus preserved eye drops.

Science.gov (United States)

Jee, Donghyun; Park, Sang Hee; Kim, Man Soo; Kim, Eun Chul

2014-07-03

To compare the antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine activities in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with preservative-free versus preserved eye drops. A total of 100 patients with moderate to severe dry eye syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Fifty patients (group 1) were treated four times with preservative-free 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops in the first month and with preservative-free 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops in the second and third months. Another 50 patients (group 2) were treated with preserved eye drops on the same schedule. Ocular Surface Disease Index, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, tear film breakup time, impression cytology, and antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine activities in tears were evaluated. Treatment with preservative-free eye drops led to significant improvements in symptoms, tear film breakup time, Schirmer I score, and impression cytologic findings compared to treatment with preserved eye drops (P dry eye syndrome. There was a statistically significant decrease in the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α concentrations and a statistically significant increase in the catalase, peroxiredoxin 2, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2), and thioredoxin mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of tears in the preservative-free group at 1, 2, and 3 months compared to initial values, respectively (P eye drops is effective against the dry eye syndrome. Preservative-free eye drops seem to be more effective than preserved eye drops in decreasing ocular inflammation and in increasing antioxidant contents in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome. Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

The Three Gorges Project of China. An engineering project of the century, or megalomania?; Chinas ``Drei-Schluchten-Project``. Jahrhundertwerk oder Groessenwahn?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sauer, H.D.

1998-03-01

The Three Gorges Project on the Yangtse River is one of the biggest hydraulic engineering projects ever. Its objectives are threefold: Improve flood control for a region with a population of several millions of people, generate power of an order of magnitude comparable to the output of ten nuclear power plants, and improve the navigability of China`s most important waterway. Just as any other big, international hydraulic engineering project, this one, too, has raised a storm of protest from opponents. Primarily the re-settlement of 1.3 million of people and aspects of the structural stability of the dam and related hazards are issues of controversy. In the eyes of the author of this article, opponents in the western hemisphere are drawing a far too gloomy picture in their rejection of the project. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Das `Drei-Schluchten-Projekt` am Jangtse ist eines der anspruchsvollsten Wasserbauvorhaben, die je in Angriff genommen wurden. Es soll drei Zwecke erfuellen: Verbesserten Hochwasserschutz fuer Millionen von Menschen, Stromerzeugung in der Groessenordnung von zehn Kernkraftwerken sowie Erleichterung der Schiffahrt auf Chinas wichtigster Wasserstrasse. Wie wohl jedes internationale Wasserbauprojekt hat auch dieses gewaltige Vorhaben Protest bei Gegnern weltweit hervorgerufen. Insbesondere die erforderliche Umsiedlung von 1,3 Millionen Menschen und die Frage der Staumauersicherheit werden heftigst kritisiert bzw. angezweifelt. Mit der Verteufelung des Projektes schiessen die Anti-Staudamm-Gruppen aus dem Westen aber weit uebers Ziel hinaus. (orig./RHM)

The medical eye: Conclusions from eye tracking research on expertise development in medicine

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jarodzka, Halszka; Jaarsma, Thomas; Dewhurst, Richard; Boshuizen, Els

2013-01-01

Jarodzka, H., Jaarsma, T., Dewhurst, R., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (2012, October). The medical eye: Conclusions from eye tracking research on expertise development in medicine. Paper presented at the New tools and practices for seeing and learning in medicine ’12, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Covering one eye in fixation-disparity measurement causes slight movement of fellow eye

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Simonsz, H. J.; Bour, L. J.

1991-01-01

In the subjective measurement of fixation disparity (FD), the subject fuses contours presented in the peripheral macular areas of both eyes (fusion lock). The position of the eyes relative to each other is monitored by means of two haploscopically seen vertical lines presented in the central macular

Eye tracking in user experience design

CERN Document Server

Romano Bergstorm, Jennifer

2014-01-01

Eye Tracking for User Experience Design explores the many applications of eye tracking to better understand how users view and interact with technology. Ten leading experts in eye tracking discuss how they have taken advantage of this new technology to understand, design, and evaluate user experience. Real-world stories are included from these experts who have used eye tracking during the design and development of products ranging from information websites to immersive games. They also explore recent advances in the technology which tracks how users interact with mobile devices, large-screen displays and video game consoles. Methods for combining eye tracking with other research techniques for a more holistic understanding of the user experience are discussed. This is an invaluable resource to those who want to learn how eye tracking can be used to better understand and design for their users. * Includes highly relevant examples and information for those who perform user research and design interactive experi...

Radiation dose to the eye lens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baun, Christina; Falch Braas, Kirsten; D. Nielsen, Kamilla

2015-01-01

Radiation Dose to the Eye Lens: Does Positioning Really Matter? C. Baun1, K. Falch1, K.D. Nielsen2, S. Shanmuganathan1, O. Gerke1, P.F. Høilund-Carlsen1 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark. 2University College Lillebaelt, Odense, Denmark. Aim: The scan...... field in oncology patients undergoing eyes-to-thighs PET/CT must always include the base of the scull according to department guidelines. The eye lens is sensitive to radiation exposure and if possible it should be avoided to scan the eye. If the patient’s head is kipped backwards during the scan one...... might avoid including the eye in the CT scan without losing sufficient visualization of the scull base. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of decreasing the radiation dose to the eye lens, simply by changing the head position, when doing the PET/CT scan from the base of the scull...

[Eye contact effects: A therapeutic issue?

Science.gov (United States)

Baltazar, M; Conty, L

2016-12-01

The perception of a direct gaze - that is, of another individual's gaze directed at the observer that leads to eye contact - is known to influence a wide range of cognitive processes and behaviors. We stress that these effects mainly reflect positive impacts on human cognition and may thus be used as relevant tools for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we aim (1) to provide an exhaustive review of eye contact effects while discussing the limits of the dominant models used to explain these effects, (2) to illustrate the therapeutic potential of eye contact by targeting those pathologies that show both preserved gaze processing and deficits in one or several functions that are targeted by the eye contact effects, and (3) to propose concrete ways in which eye contact could be employed as a therapeutic tool. (1) We regroup the variety of eye contact effects into four categories, including memory effects, activation of prosocial behavior, positive appraisals of self and others and the enhancement of self-awareness. We emphasize that the models proposed to account for these effects have a poor predictive value and that further descriptions of these effects is needed. (2) We then emphasize that people with pathologies that affect memory, social behavior, and self and/or other appraisal, and self-awareness could benefit from eye contact effects. We focus on depression, autism and Alzheimer's disease to illustrate our proposal. To our knowledge, no anomaly of eye contact has been reported in depression. Patients suffering from Alzheimer disease, at the early and moderate stage, have been shown to maintain a normal amount of eye contact with their interlocutor. We take into account that autism is controversial regarding whether gaze processing is preserved or altered. In the first view, individuals are thought to elude or omit gazing at another's eyes while in the second, individuals are considered to not be able to process the gaze of others. We adopt the first stance

3Corners of the World / Joosep Sang

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sang, Joosep

2009-01-01

Arvustused : Robert Jürjendal, Petri Kuljuntausta, David Rothenberg. 3Corners of the World. [Tallinn] : Terra Nova Music, 2008. Nadia ja Fragile. Uhke ali. [Tallinn] : Nadia & Fragile, 2008. UMA. Civitas Soli. [Tallinn] : Elwood, 2008. Uutest heliplaatidest

Kolm, keda miski ei seo / Veiko Märka

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Märka, Veiko, 1964-

2004-01-01

Arvustus: Jõerüüt, Jaak. Uus raamat : [luuletused]. Tallinn : Tuum, 2004 ; Maiste, Juhan. In Arcadia ego : [luuletused]. Tallinn : J. Maiste, 2004 ; Essa, Maario. Kellegi teise muru : debüütluulekogu. Tallinn : SE & JS, 2004 ;

Ilusast eesti keelest / Ruth Mägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mägi, Ruth, 1974-

2008-01-01

Kirjastuse TEA sõnaraamatutest: TEA koolisõnastik : eesti keel. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2008 ; TEA eesti keele rahvasõnaraamat koos õigekirjareeglitega. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2008 ; TEA rahvasõnaraamat : võõrsõnad. Tallinn : TEA Kirjastus, 2006

[Firework-related eye trauma from 2005 to 2013].

Science.gov (United States)

Unterlauft, J D; Wiedemann, P; Meier, P

2014-09-01

Fireworks combusted during New Year's Eve festivities can cause different eye traumas which often need complex reconstructive surgery. It was our aim to systematically analyse these eye trauma cases which were treated at our clinic during the last eight years. Age, gender, side, trauma mechanism, treatment methods and outcome were analysed for all eye trauma cases caused by fireworks during the New Year's Eve celebrations from 2006 to 2013. For statistical analysis all trauma cases were divided into two groups of major and non-major eye trauma. The total number of patients treated was 122 (28 women, 94 men, mean age 26.2±13.0 years) with 137 traumatised eyes (77 right, 60 left). 24.6% of patients were ≤18 years of age. 76.2% were bystanders. 50 eyes from 46 patients (37.7%) suffered from major eye trauma. 26 patients (21.3%) were hospitalised. 8 eyes (5.8%) suffered from a penetrating injury or globe rupture and underwent primary reconstructive surgery. Further 16 eyes (11.7%) suffered from major eye trauma without open globe injury. In the aftermath 11 eyes (8.0%) went blind (visual acuityfireworks. However older patients suffer from major eye trauma more often. More education and prophylaxis of eye trauma caused by fireworks is desirable. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

21 CFR 886.4750 - Ophthalmic eye shield.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...) MEDICAL DEVICES OPHTHALMIC DEVICES Surgical Devices § 886.4750 Ophthalmic eye shield. (a) Identification. An ophthalmic eye shield is a device that consists of a plastic or aluminum eye covering intended to... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ophthalmic eye shield. 886.4750 Section 886.4750...

Apoptosis in the eye.

OpenAIRE

Chahory , Sabine; Torriglia , Alicia

2006-01-01

Apoptosis is a normal component of the development and health of multicellular organisms. Cells die during apoptosis in a controlled, regulated fashion. This form of cell death is very important in eye development as well as in eye pathology. We review in this chapter our current knowledge in this topic.

Reduced vision in highly myopic eyes without ocular pathology: the ZOC-BHVI high myopia study.

Science.gov (United States)

Jong, Monica; Sankaridurg, Padmaja; Li, Wayne; Resnikoff, Serge; Naidoo, Kovin; He, Mingguang

2018-01-01

The aim was to investigate the relationship of the magnitude of myopia with visual acuity in highly myopic eyes without ocular pathology. Twelve hundred and ninety-two highly myopic eyes (up to -6.00 DS both eyes, no astigmatic cut-off) with no ocular pathology from the ZOC-BHVI high myopia study in China, had cycloplegic refraction, followed by subjective refraction and visual acuities and axial length measurement. Two logistic regression models were undertaken to test the association of age, gender, refractive error, axial length and parental myopia with reduced vision. Mean group age was 19.0 ± 8.6 years; subjective spherical equivalent refractive error was -9.03 ± 2.73 D; objective spherical equivalent refractive error was -8.90 ± 2.60 D and axial length was 27.0 ± 1.3 mm. Using visual acuity, 82.4 per cent had normal vision, 16.0 per cent had mildly reduced vision, 1.2 per cent had moderately reduced vision, 0.3 per cent had severely reduced vision and no subjects were blind. The percentage with reduced vision increased with spherical equivalent to 74.5 per cent from -15.00 to -39.99 D, axial length to 67.7 per cent of eyes from 30.01 to 32.00 mm and age to 22.9 per cent of those 41 years and over. Spherical equivalent and axial length were significantly associated with reduced vision (p vision. Gender was significant for one model (p = 0.04). Mildly reduced vision is common in high myopia without ocular pathology and is strongly correlated with greater magnitudes of refractive error and axial length. Better understanding is required to minimise reduced vision in high myopes. © 2017 Optometry Australia.

New Perspectives on Dry Eye Definition and Diagnosis: A Consensus Report by the Asia Dry Eye Society.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsubota, Kazuo; Yokoi, Norihiko; Shimazaki, Jun; Watanabe, Hitoshi; Dogru, Murat; Yamada, Masakazu; Kinoshita, Shigeru; Kim, Hyo-Myung; Tchah, Hung-Won; Hyon, Joon Young; Yoon, Kyung-Chul; Seo, Kyoung Yul; Sun, Xuguang; Chen, Wei; Liang, Lingyi; Li, Mingwu; Liu, Zuguo

2017-01-01

For the last 20 years, a great amount of evidence has accumulated through epidemiological studies that most of the dry eye disease encountered in daily life, especially in video display terminal (VDT) workers, involves short tear film breakup time (TFBUT) type dry eye, a category characterized by severe symptoms but minimal clinical signs other than short TFBUT. An unstable tear film also affects the visual function, possibly due to the increase of higher order aberrations. Based on the change in the understanding of the types, symptoms, and signs of dry eye disease, the Asia Dry Eye Society agreed to the following definition of dry eye: "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by unstable tear film causing a variety of symptoms and/or visual impairment, potentially accompanied by ocular surface damage." The definition stresses instability of the tear film as well as the importance of visual impairment, highlighting an essential role for TFBUT assessment. This paper discusses the concept of Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), which evolved from the definition of dry eye, emphasizing the importance of a stable tear film. Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Generating and Describing Affective Eye Behaviors

Science.gov (United States)

Mao, Xia; Li, Zheng

The manner of a person's eye movement conveys much about nonverbal information and emotional intent beyond speech. This paper describes work on expressing emotion through eye behaviors in virtual agents based on the parameters selected from the AU-Coded facial expression database and real-time eye movement data (pupil size, blink rate and saccade). A rule-based approach to generate primary (joyful, sad, angry, afraid, disgusted and surprise) and intermediate emotions (emotions that can be represented as the mixture of two primary emotions) utilized the MPEG4 FAPs (facial animation parameters) is introduced. Meanwhile, based on our research, a scripting tool, named EEMML (Emotional Eye Movement Markup Language) that enables authors to describe and generate emotional eye movement of virtual agents, is proposed.

The genetics of eye colours in an Italian population measured with an objective method for eye colour quantification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pietroni, C.; Andersen, J.D.; Johansen, P.

2013-01-01

Brown and blue eye colours are primarily explained by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) HERC2 rs12913832. However, the genetics of eye colours that appear to be neither blue nor brown are not well understood. In this study, 230 unrelated Italian individuals were typed for 32 SNP loci...... in the iris region and calculated a Pixel Index of the Eye (PIE-score) that described the eye colours quantitatively. The PIE-score ranged from _1 to 1 (brown to blue). We investigated the association of the PIE-scores extracted from the eye images with the genotypes of the 32 pigmentary SNPs. We observed...

Aino Kalda päevikud : Valgus ja varjud ; Valguse ja varju segu ; Hingesillad ; Rikas, kuhjaga täis / Hilve Rebane

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rebane, Hilve, 1938-2012

2003-01-01

Arvustus: Kallas, Aino. Pärjapunuja. Päevaraamat aastaist 1897-1900. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1994 ; Kallas, Aino. Jäätunud šampanja. Päevaraamat aastaist 1907-1915. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1994 ; Kallas, Aino. Hingesild. Päevikulehti aastaist 1916-1921. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1993 ; Kallas, Aino. Suurlinnade udus ja säras. Päevaraamat aastaist 1922-1926. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1996 ; Kallas, Aino. Pööripäevad. Päevaraamat aastaist 1927-1931

Investigating Factors Associated with Depression of Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy Patients in China.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xujuan Xu

Full Text Available To assess the depression status of type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients in Nantong China and to identify factors associated with depression.Two hundred and ninety-four patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy were recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. The severity of DR was measured in the worse eye. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; the quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36. The logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent factors of depression.The mean age of the study subjects was 57.77 years (SD: 9.64. Approximately 35.7% of subjects reported depressive symptoms (n = 105.Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that female gender (p = 0.014, low monthly income (p = 0.01, poor vision in the better eye (P = 0.002, laser treatment history (p = 0.01 were significant risk factors for depression. The quality of life of individuals with CES-D score<16 was significantly better compared with individuals with CES-D score≥16.The reported depressive symptoms among type 2 diabetic retinopathy population is higher in Nantong China. Gender, salary, vision acuity and treatment history were important risk factors linked to this disorder in the Chinese type 2 diabetic retinopathy population from Nantong. More attention by medical care personnel needs to be paid to the psychological health of this population.

Maxwellian Eye Fixation during Natural Scene Perception

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Duchesne

2012-01-01

Full Text Available When we explore a visual scene, our eyes make saccades to jump rapidly from one area to another and fixate regions of interest to extract useful information. While the role of fixation eye movements in vision has been widely studied, their random nature has been a hitherto neglected issue. Here we conducted two experiments to examine the Maxwellian nature of eye movements during fixation. In Experiment 1, eight participants were asked to perform free viewing of natural scenes displayed on a computer screen while their eye movements were recorded. For each participant, the probability density function (PDF of eye movement amplitude during fixation obeyed the law established by Maxwell for describing molecule velocity in gas. Only the mean amplitude of eye movements varied with expertise, which was lower in experts than novice participants. In Experiment 2, two participants underwent fixed time, free viewing of natural scenes and of their scrambled version while their eye movements were recorded. Again, the PDF of eye movement amplitude during fixation obeyed Maxwell’s law for each participant and for each scene condition (normal or scrambled. The results suggest that eye fixation during natural scene perception describes a random motion regardless of top-down or of bottom-up processes.

Maxwellian Eye Fixation during Natural Scene Perception

Science.gov (United States)

Duchesne, Jean; Bouvier, Vincent; Guillemé, Julien; Coubard, Olivier A.

2012-01-01

When we explore a visual scene, our eyes make saccades to jump rapidly from one area to another and fixate regions of interest to extract useful information. While the role of fixation eye movements in vision has been widely studied, their random nature has been a hitherto neglected issue. Here we conducted two experiments to examine the Maxwellian nature of eye movements during fixation. In Experiment 1, eight participants were asked to perform free viewing of natural scenes displayed on a computer screen while their eye movements were recorded. For each participant, the probability density function (PDF) of eye movement amplitude during fixation obeyed the law established by Maxwell for describing molecule velocity in gas. Only the mean amplitude of eye movements varied with expertise, which was lower in experts than novice participants. In Experiment 2, two participants underwent fixed time, free viewing of natural scenes and of their scrambled version while their eye movements were recorded. Again, the PDF of eye movement amplitude during fixation obeyed Maxwell's law for each participant and for each scene condition (normal or scrambled). The results suggest that eye fixation during natural scene perception describes a random motion regardless of top-down or of bottom-up processes. PMID:23226987

[Raamat] / Elina Kalm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kalm, Elina

2007-01-01

Tutvustus: Stroud, Jonathan. Samarkandi amulett / tlk. Bibi Raid. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2005 ; Stroud, Jonathan. Golemi silm / tlk. Bibi Raid. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2007 ; Stroud, Jonathan. Ptolemaiose värav / tlk. Bibi Raid. Tallinn : Pegasus, 2007. (Bartimaeuse triloogia ; 1-3)

Systems and methods of eye tracking calibration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2014-01-01

Methods and systems to facilitate eye tracking control calibration are provided. One or more objects are displayed on a display of a device, where the one or more objects are associated with a function unrelated to a calculation of one or more calibration parameters. The one or more calibration...... parameters relate to a calibration of a calculation of gaze information of a user of the device, where the gaze information indicates where the user is looking. While the one or more objects are displayed, eye movement information associated with the user is determined, which indicates eye movement of one...... or more eye features associated with at least one eye of the user. The eye movement information is associated with a first object location of the one or more objects. The one or more calibration parameters are calculated based on the first object location being associated with the eye movement information....

Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, Leisa L; Roach, J Michael

2016-02-01

Review of the etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of dry eye disease (DED). Articles indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Iowa Drug Information Service (IDIS), and the Cochrane Reviews and Trials in the last 10 years using the key words "dry eye disease," "dry eye syndrome," "dry eye and treatment." Primary sources were used to locate additional resources. Sixty-eight publications were reviewed, and criteria supporting the primary objective were used to identify useful resources. The literature included practice guidelines, book chapters, review articles, original research articles, and product prescribing information for the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of DED. DED is one of the most common ophthalmic disorders. Signs and symptoms of DED vary by patient, but may include ocular irritation, redness, itching, photosensitivity, visual blurring, mucous discharge, and decreased tear meniscus or break-up time. Symptoms improve with treatment, but the condition is not completely curable. Treatment includes reducing environmental causes, discontinuing medications that cause or worsen dry eye, and managing contributing ocular or systemic conditions. Most patients use nonprescription tear substitutes, and if these are not sufficient, other treatment is prescribed. These treatments include the ophthalmic anti-inflammatory agent cyclosporine, punctal occlusion, eye side shields, systemic cholinergic agents, and autologous serum tears. This article reviews the etiology, symptoms, and current therapy for DED.

21 CFR 878.4440 - Eye pad.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Eye pad. 878.4440 Section 878.4440 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES GENERAL AND PLASTIC SURGERY DEVICES Surgical Devices § 878.4440 Eye pad. (a) Identification. An eye pad is...

Eyes Abroad

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2010-01-01

China International Fair for Investment & Trade helps push Chinese companies’ overseas ambitions A bustle of Chinese businesspeople roams the vast exhibition hall of the China International Fair for Investment & Trade(CIFIT) looking for opportunities to build cross-border scale. Among them is Zhou Meimei,Business Development Manager of the Shanghai Yiyang Electric Machinery Co. Ltd.,a manufacturer of mufflers and ventilation equipment. Although this was her first time attending the fair,Zhou did not go home empty-handed.

Seks on parem kui Pelevin / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2011-01-01

Tutvustus: Pelevin, Viktor. Libalooma Püha Raamat / tõlkinud Maiga Varik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Weber, Andreas. Kõik me tunneme / tõlkinud Krista Räni. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Vella, Juri. Järvetuul / tõlkinud Art Leete. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011

Kirjanduskriitikute suvemängud / Kärt Hellerma

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hellerma, Kärt, 1956-

2007-01-01

Arvustus: Lodge, David. Ühest kohast teise / tlk. Aet Varik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2005 ; Lodge, David. Väike maailm / tlk. Kersti Unt. Tallinn : Varrak, 1996 ; Lodge, David. Väärt töö / tlk. Kersti Unt. Tallinn : Varrak, 2006

Uusi raamatuid / Lauri Eesmaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Eesmaa, Lauri

2011-01-01

Tutvustus: Dante Alighieri. Jumalik komöödia : Põrgu. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2011. Perec, Georges. Ruumiliigid. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2011. Kadare, Ismail. Kuri aasta / albaania keelest tõlkinud Kalle Kasemaa. Tallinn : Kultuurileht, 2011 (Loomingu Raamatukogu ; 17-18/2011)

Õdusad Inglise lastelood / Triin Tael

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tael, Triin

2008-01-01

Tutvustus: Potter, Beatrix. Lugu Benjamin Nudisabast. Tallinn : Ilo, c2008 ; Potter, Beatrix. Lugu Orav Käbikäpast. Tallinn : Ilo, c2008 ; Potter, Beatrix. Lugu Peeter Pikk-Kõrvast. Tallinn : Ilo, c2008. Ka Astrid Lindgrenist ja tema raamatutest

Viiv: sügis 1963-1973 : Viivi Luige luule jaapanlikkus / Külliki Kuusk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuusk, Külliki, 1975-

2007-01-01

Viivi Luige luulekogude "Taevaste tuul" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1966), "Lauludemüüja" (Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 1968) ja "Hääl" (Tallinn : Perioodika, 1968) poeetikast. Uku Masingu ja Viivi Luige seotusest, jaapani luule mõjudest Viivi Luige loomingule

Searching for the prototypic eye genetic network: Sine oculis is essential for eye regeneration in planarians

Science.gov (United States)

Pineda, D.; Gonzalez, J.; Callaerts, P.; Ikeo, K.; Gehring, W. J.; Salo, E.

2000-01-01

We have identified a sine oculis gene in the planarian Girardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida). The planarian sine oculis gene (Gtso) encodes a protein with a sine oculis (Six) domain and a homeodomain that shares significant sequence similarity with so proteins assigned to the Six-2 gene family. Gtso is expressed as a single transcript in both regenerating and fully developed eyes. Whole-mount in situ hybridization studies show exclusive expression in photoreceptor cells. Loss of function of Gtso by RNA interference during planarian regeneration inhibits eye regeneration completely. Gtso is also essential for maintenance of the differentiated state of photoreceptor cells. These results, combined with the previously demonstrated expression of Pax-6 in planarian eyes, suggest that the same basic gene regulatory circuit required for eye development in Drosophila and mouse is used in the prototypic eye spots of platyhelminthes and, therefore, is truly conserved during evolution. PMID:10781056

An optomechanical model eye for ophthalmological refractive studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Arianpour, Ashkan; Tremblay, Eric J; Stamenov, Igor; Ford, Joseph E; Schanzlin, David J; Lo, Yuhwa

2013-02-01

To create an accurate, low-cost optomechanical model eye for investigation of refractive errors in clinical and basic research studies. An optomechanical fluid-filled eye model with dimensions consistent with the human eye was designed and fabricated. Optical simulations were performed on the optomechanical eye model, and the quantified resolution and refractive errors were compared with the widely used Navarro eye model using the ray-tracing software ZEMAX (Radiant Zemax, Redmond, WA). The resolution of the physical optomechanical eye model was then quantified with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor imager using the image resolution software SFR Plus (Imatest, Boulder, CO). Refractive, manufacturing, and assembling errors were also assessed. A refractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a diffractive IOL were added to the optomechanical eye model for tests and analyses of a 1951 U.S. Air Force target chart. Resolution and aberrations of the optomechanical eye model and the Navarro eye model were qualitatively similar in ZEMAX simulations. Experimental testing found that the optomechanical eye model reproduced properties pertinent to human eyes, including resolution better than 20/20 visual acuity and a decrease in resolution as the field of view increased in size. The IOLs were also integrated into the optomechanical eye model to image objects at distances of 15, 10, and 3 feet, and they indicated a resolution of 22.8 cycles per degree at 15 feet. A life-sized optomechanical eye model with the flexibility to be patient-specific was designed and constructed. The model had the resolution of a healthy human eye and recreated normal refractive errors. This model may be useful in the evaluation of IOLs for cataract surgery. Copyright 2013, SLACK Incorporated.

Angle assessment by EyeCam, goniophotography, and gonioscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Baskaran, Mani; Perera, Shamira A; Nongpiur, Monisha E; Tun, Tin A; Park, Judy; Kumar, Rajesh S; Friedman, David S; Aung, Tin

2012-09-01

To compare EyeCam (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) and goniophotography in detecting angle closure, using gonioscopy as the reference standard. In this hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional study, participants underwent gonioscopy by a single observer, and EyeCam imaging and goniophotography by different operators. The anterior chamber angle in a quadrant was classified as closed if the posterior trabecular meshwork could not be seen. A masked observer categorized the eyes as per the number of closed quadrants, and an eye was classified as having angle closure if there were 2 or more quadrants of closure. Agreement between the methods was analyzed by κ statistic and comparison of area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Eighty-five participants (85 eyes) were included, the majority of whom were Chinese. Angle closure was detected in 38 eyes (45%) with gonioscopy, 40 eyes (47%) using EyeCam, and 40 eyes (47%) with goniophotography (P=0.69 in both comparisons, McNemar test). The agreement for angle closure diagnosis (by eye) between gonioscopy and the 2 imaging modalities was high (κ=0.86; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.75-0.97), whereas the agreement between EyeCam and goniophotography was not as good (κ=0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87); largely due to lack of agreement in the nasal and temporal quadrants (κ=0.55 to 0.67). The AUC for detecting eyes with gonioscopic angle closure was similar for goniophotography and EyeCam (AUC 0.93, sensitivity=94.7%, specificity=91.5%; P>0.95). EyeCam and goniophotography have similarly high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of gonioscopic angle closure.

The effects of simulating a realistic eye model on the eye dose of an adult male undergoing head computed tomography.

Science.gov (United States)

Akhlaghi, Parisa; Ebrahimi-Khankook, Atiyeh; Vejdani-Noghreiyan, Alireza

2017-05-01

In head computed tomography, radiation upon the eye lens (as an organ with high radiosensitivity) may cause lenticular opacity and cataracts. Therefore, quantitative dose assessment due to exposure of the eye lens and surrounding tissue is a matter of concern. For this purpose, an accurate eye model with realistic geometry and shape, in which different eye substructures are considered, is needed. To calculate the absorbed radiation dose of visual organs during head computed tomography scans, in this study, an existing sophisticated eye model was inserted at the related location in the head of the reference adult male phantom recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Then absorbed doses and distributions of energy deposition in different parts of this eye model were calculated and compared with those based on a previous simple eye model. All calculations were done using the Monte Carlo code MCNP4C for tube voltages of 80, 100, 120 and 140 kVp. In spite of the similarity of total dose to the eye lens for both eye models, the dose delivered to the sensitive zone, which plays an important role in the induction of cataracts, was on average 3% higher for the sophisticated model as compared to the simple model. By increasing the tube voltage, differences between the total dose to the eye lens between the two phantoms decrease to 1%. Due to this level of agreement, use of the sophisticated eye model for patient dosimetry is not necessary. However, it still helps for an estimation of doses received by different eye substructures separately.

Optical models of the human eye.

Science.gov (United States)

Atchison, David A; Thibos, Larry N

2016-03-01

Optical models of the human eye have been used in visual science for purposes such as providing a framework for explaining optical phenomena in vision, for predicting how refraction and aberrations are affected by change in ocular biometry and as computational tools for exploring the limitations imposed on vision by the optical system of the eye. We address the issue of what is understood by optical model eyes, discussing the 'encyclopaedia' and 'toy train' approaches to modelling. An extensive list of purposes of models is provided. We discuss many of the theoretical types of optical models (also schematic eyes) of varying anatomical accuracy, including single, three and four refracting surface variants. We cover the models with lens structure in the form of nested shells and gradient index. Many optical eye models give accurate predictions only for small angles and small fields of view. If aberrations and image quality are important to consider, such 'paraxial' model eyes must be replaced by 'finite model' eyes incorporating features such as aspheric surfaces, tilts and decentrations, wavelength-dependent media and curved retinas. Many optical model eyes are population averages and must become adaptable to account for age, gender, ethnicity, refractive error and accommodation. They can also be customised for the individual when extensive ocular biometry and optical performance data are available. We consider which optical model should be used for a particular purpose, adhering to the principle that the best model is the simplest fit for the task. We provide a glimpse into the future of optical models of the human eye. This review is interwoven with historical developments, highlighting the important people who have contributed so richly to our understanding of visual optics. © 2016 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Optometry © 2016 Optometry Australia.

The eye and its diseases in Ancient Egypt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, S. Ry

1997-01-01

Ophthalmology, History of ophthalmology, eyes in the Ancient Egypt, eye disease in Ancient Egypt, porotic hyperostosis, mummification......Ophthalmology, History of ophthalmology, eyes in the Ancient Egypt, eye disease in Ancient Egypt, porotic hyperostosis, mummification...

Aging: A Predisposition to Dry Eyes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anushree Sharma

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Dry eye syndrome is a disease of the ocular surface and tear film that is prevalent in older adults. Even though the degree of visual acuity loss in dry eye patients is commonly mild-to-moderate, in the aging population, this minimal change in visual status can lead to a significant decrease in visual function and quality of life. A healthy ocular surface is maintained by appropriate tear production and tear drainage, and deficiencies in this delicate balance can lead to dryness. In the aging eye, risk factors such as polypharmacy, androgen deficiency, decreased blink rates, and oxidative stress can predispose the patient to developing dry eye that is frequently more severe, has higher economic costs, and leads to worse consequences to the well-being of the patient. Understanding why elderly patients are at higher risk for developing dry eyes can provide insights into the diagnosis and management of the growing number of older adults struggling with dry eye and minimize the burden of disease on our aging population.

Data eye monitor method and apparatus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gara, Alan G [Mount Kisco, NY; Marcella, James A [Rochester, MN; Ohmacht, Martin [Yorktown Heights, NY

2012-01-31

An apparatus and method for providing a data eye monitor. The data eye monitor apparatus utilizes an inverter/latch string circuit and a set of latches to save the data eye for providing an infinite persistent data eye. In operation, incoming read data signals are adjusted in the first stage individually and latched to provide the read data to the requesting unit. The data is also simultaneously fed into a balanced XOR tree to combine the transitions of all incoming read data signals into a single signal. This signal is passed along a delay chain and tapped at constant intervals. The tap points are fed into latches, capturing the transitions at a delay element interval resolution. Using XORs, differences between adjacent taps and therefore transitions are detected. The eye is defined by segments that show no transitions over a series of samples. The eye size and position can be used to readjust the delay of incoming signals and/or to control environment parameters like voltage, clock speed and temperature.

Venemaa lähiajalugu : hajamõtteid uuematest tõlkeraamatutest / Tõnu Tannberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tannberg, Tõnu, 1961-

2000-01-01

Arvustus: Radzinski, Edvard. Stalin. Tallinn : Varrak, 2000 ; Rubin, Nikolai. Lavrenti Beria : müüt ja reaalsus. Tallinn : Olion, 2000 ; Sudoplatov, Pavel. Erioperatsioonid : Ljubjanka ja Kreml 1930-1950. Tallinn : Olion, 2000. Ka venekeelse ajalookirjanduse eestindamisel üldiselt esinevatest probleemidest

Fantacy't erinevale maitsele / Sash Uusjärv

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Uusjärv, Sash

2011-01-01

Arvustus: Westerfeld, Scott. Inetud / inglise keelest tõlkinud Maali Käbin. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011; Flinn, Alex. Koletu / inglise keelest tõlkinud Kret Kaasik. Tallinn : Varrak, 2010 ; Banner, Catherine. Kuninga silmad / inglise keelest tõlkinud Tanel Rõigas. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011

Neuroimaging in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Eye Pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Szatmáry, Gabriella

2016-09-01

Ocular or eye pain is a frequent complaint encountered not only by eye care providers but neurologists. Isolated eye pain is non-specific and non-localizing; therefore, it poses significant differential diagnostic problems. A wide range of neurologic and ophthalmic disorders may cause pain in, around, or behind the eye. These include ocular and orbital diseases and primary and secondary headaches. In patients presenting with an isolated and chronic eye pain, neuroimaging is usually normal. However, at the beginning of a disease process or in low-grade disease, the eye may appear "quiet," misleading a provider lacking familiarity with underlying disorders and high index of clinical suspicion. Delayed diagnosis of some neuro-ophthalmic causes of eye pain could result in significant neurologic and ophthalmic morbidity, conceivably even mortality. This article reviews some recent advances in imaging of the eye, the orbit, and the brain, as well as research in which neuroimaging has advanced the discovery of the underlying pathophysiology and the complex differential diagnosis of eye pain.

An ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal Salvia plants (Lamiaceae in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Minhui Li

2013-07-01

Full Text Available In China, over 40 species of the genus Salvia have been used as medicinal plants for various diseases, some for thousands of years. Recently, research has focused on the biological activities of Salvia medicinal plants used in traditional chinese medicine (TCM. However, to date a scientific survey of the genus Salvia in China has not been carried out. In this paper, we report the results of 10 field surveys of Salvia medicinal plants collected in 17 provinces including detailed information on their local names, growing environment, distribution and therapeutic effects. We also summarize the results of research on the materia medica, phytochemistry and pharmacology of some of the important Salvia medicinal plants. Our study reveals that 35 Salvia plants have been used in TCM in different regions of China, including 20 species used as Danshen to treat heart diseases, and 15 species used to treat a range of other conditions including gynecological diseases, muscular or skeletal problems, hepatitis, urological diseases, and mouth and eye conditions. It is clear that some species of Salvia L. possess significant pharmacological activity in the context of ethnopharmacological knowledge, especially in the treatment of heart disease. Further studies of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Salvia species will no doubt improve their medical utilization and contribute to the development of new natural drugs.

What Is Dry Eye?

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... also when your eyes do not make the right type of tears or tear film . How do tears work? When you blink, a film of tears spreads over the eye. This keeps the eye’s surface smooth and clear. The tear film is important for good vision. The tear film is made of three ...

Photorefraction of the Eye

Science.gov (United States)

Colicchia, Giuseppe; Wiesner, Hartmut; Zollman, Dean

2015-01-01

Photorefraction is a method to easily estimate the refractive state of the eye. The principle of photorefraction involves projecting light into the eye during flash photography and then examining the paths of light that emerge from the pupil after scattering on the back portion of the interior of the eyeball (fundus). We will explain the optical…

Quantitative assessment of manual and robotic microcannulation for eye surgery using new eye model.