Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology - Development of next-generation thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of CIS solar cell module manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / CIS taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This research aims to achieve a conversion efficiency of 13% and a manufacturing cost of 140 yen/Wp with a 30cm times 30cm Cu(InGa)Se{sub 2}-based thin-film solar cell submodule. Ga and sulfur are combined and a film fabrication technology was developed which would improve on Voc. Concerning Ga, a laminated precursor layer was fabricated and evaluated, which comprised a Cu-25wt%Ga alloy layer and a Ga source which was a Cu-48%Ga alloy layer. Concerning sulfur, the vapor phase selenization temperature and the selenization retention time in an H{sub 2}Se gas atmosphere was allowed to vary for a change in Cu(InGa)Se{sub 2} calcopyrite crystallinity for the study of relations between the amount of sulfur taken in and the solar cell characteristics, and the relations were assessed by EPMA (electron probe microanalyzer). Technologies were developed for the fabrication of high-resistivity buffer layers by solution growth, for the fabrication of window layers (transparent, conductive ZnO film) by sputtering, and for their patterning. Submodules of a ZnO/Zn(O,S,OH)x/Mo structure were fabricated, 10cm times 30cm and 30cm times 30cm in size. The former achieved 12.5% in conversion efficiency, and the latter 11.6%. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technologies, next generation thin film solar cell module manufacturing technologies, development of thin film poly-crystalline solar cell module manufacturing technologies); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (usumaku takessho taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development has been performed on a high throughput forming technology and a modularization technology for thin film poly-crystalline solar cell modules. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In developing the high throughput forming technology for a high-quality thin film, research has been made on a low-cost VEST process to re-utilize substrates by separating the thin film from the substrate. In the melting re-crystallization process, it was discovered that plasticity deformation of the substrate can be reduced greatly by raising the substrate heating temperatures. It was also found out that substrate warping amount can be reduced to about one-fifth of the conventional amount by making the thickness greater than 1.5 mm and raising the heating temperatures higher than 1300 degree C. In developing the thin film modularization technology, it was indicated that the property improving effect remains the same even if the hydrogen passivation method is changed from the hydrogen ion injection to the hydrogen plasma processing. In the trial fabrication of the thin film modules, a conversion efficiency of 13.1% was achieved in nine-cell structured modules. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology - Development of next-generation thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of thin-film polycrystalline solar cell module manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (usumaku takessho taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The aim is to realize the practical application of the above-named solar module expected to exhibit higher efficiency and reliability and achieve cost reduction through consumption of less materials. In fiscal 1998, 1) technologies were developed to reduce substrate warpage during recrystallization for the higher-throughput fabrication of high-quality thin films and 2) technologies were also developed for the realization of higher-throughput fabrication of thin films and for efficiency improvement for thin-film modules. Under item 1), experiments were conducted by simulation for reducing warpage to occur in thin-film polycrystalline Si substrates during fabrication by melting and recrystallization. Under item 2), for the development of thin-film cell high-throughput technologies, studies were started on a more practical hydrogen plasma process to challenge the conventional process of crystal defect inactivation by hydrogen ion injection with which achievement of high throughputs is difficult. For the development of technologies for the enhancement of thin-film module efficiency, efforts were exerted to realize a 10cm times 10cm square shape for the enhancement of efficiency in the process of filling modules with cells. These efforts achieved a great step toward future practical application. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technologies, next generation thin film solar cell module manufacturing technologies, development of CIS solar cell module manufacturing technologies); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihtsu (CIS taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development has been performed on a technology to manufacture CIS-based thin film solar cells. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In the research of a large-area light absorbing layer manufacturing technology, investigation was made on light absorbing layers in manufacturing sub-modules with a size of 30 cm times 30 cm. With regard to the temperature condition in the light absorbing layer forming process, it was found that the cooling rate affects particularly the adhesion in the connecting interface of the light absorbing layer and the Mo rear electrode layer. In addition, it was revealed that the sulfur take-in amount can be increases by extending the retention time at the sulfurizing temperature and by decreasing the temperature to turn the gas phase into selenium. In the research of elementary technologies to establish the mass production process, developments were performed on the high-resistance buffer layer manufacturing technology, the high-quality window layer film manufacturing technology, and the technology to manufacture rear electrode layer made of high-quality metals. In developing the patterning technology, two kinds of the existing patterning devices were modified and adjusted for patterning the substrates with a size of 30 cm times 30 cm. In addition, a processing device was installed in the conventional manually operated process for module finishing. (NEDO)

Development of practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems in fiscal 1997. Development of technologies to manufacture thin film solar cells, development of technologies to manufacture low-cost large-area modules, development of technologies to manufacture next-generation thin film solar cells (development of technologies to manufacture CIS solar cell modules); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (CIS taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Research and development was made with an objective to achieve conversion efficiency of 13% in a 30 cm times 30 cm size submodule of a CIS-based thin film solar cell, and to develop a manufacturing technology that can achieve 140 yen/Wp. This paper describes the achievements attained during fiscal 1997. In fiscal 1997, based on the achievements reached during the previous year, a submodule with a size of 10 cm times 30 cm was fabricated for an attempt of improving the open voltage and short circuit current density. Simultaneously, the applicability thereof to a module with an area as large as 30 cm times 30 cm was evaluated. As a result of experimental discussions, enhancement in the open voltage was verified by increasing amount of Ga or sulfur, but it was not possible to achieve 600 mV or higher. In the research of component technologies to establish a mass production process, research and development was made on a high-resistance buffer layer film forming technology, a high-quality window layer film forming technology, a high-quality metallic rear electrode film forming technology, and patterning technologies. The outdoor exposure test was continued on laminated mini-modules with a size of 10 cm times 10 cm. (NEDO)

An intensity monitor for solar hydrogen Lyman-alpha radiation (TAIYO SXU)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oshio, Takanori; Masuoka, Toshio; Higashino, Ichiro; Watanabe, Norihiko.

1975-01-01

The absolute intensity of hydrogen Lyman-alpha (1216A) from the total solar disk is currently monitored by an ion chamber as a part of the satellite mission of TAIYO. The apparatus consists of an ion chamber with a special input control mask and associated electronics. The ion chamber with an MgF 2 window and filled with NO gas is sensitive to a narrow spectral band including the Lα. The special mask serves to keep the angular response of the detector constant at the elevation angle of the sun relative to the plane perpendicular to the spinning axis of the satellite within an error of the order of one percent, when the angle is within +-30 0 . A flux reducer attenuates the incident radiation upon the detector by a factor of 20 to lengthen the life of detector. The associated electronics measures the output current of the ion chamber, holds the maximum value of the output every four-second period and sends it to the telemeter. From the currently observed data, the absolute intensity of the solar Lα is 3.2 x 10 11 photons/cm 2 sec and constant within +-4.2% during the period from 24 February to 31 May, 1975. (auth.)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of technologies to manufacture applied type thin film solar cells with new structure and development of high-efficiency hybrid thin film/sheet solar cells); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (oyogata shin kozo usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (kokoritsu hybrid gata usumaku / sheet taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to develop low-cost and high-efficiency hybrid thin film/sheet solar cells, research and development has been performed. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The research is related to a hybrid construction, in which the upper cells of amorphous silicon thin film are formed on the lower cells bonded with micro-crystalline silicon thin film relative to a poly-crystalline silicon sheet. In the technology to form the upper cells, a pin-construction using amorphous silicon thin film made by using the plasma CVD process was adopted, whereas an open circuit voltage of 1.45V, a short circuit current of 13.6 mA/cm{sup 2}, and a conversion efficiency of 13.5% were obtained. In the technology to form the substrate for the lower cells, formation of flat silicon thin plate that can be peeled off was identified as a result of adopting the construction in which a graphite substrate is provided on a rotating cooling body of 12-prism type. With regard to the technology to bond and form the lower cells, electrical properties of hetero-bonded cells were discussed, and an open circuit voltage of 0.605V and a conversion efficiency of 14.3% were obtained as a result of enhancing the film quality and optimizing the film thickness. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system/development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells (development of technology to manufacture applied type thin film solar cells with new construction) (development of technology to manufacture micro light collection type solar cells); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, oyogata shinkozo usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (micro shukogata taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

These technological developments are intended to demonstrate module efficiency of a micro light collection type solar cell of 15% by fiscal 2000, and obtain prospect on the module manufacturing cost of 140 yen per watt. Discussions given during fiscal 1997 are as follows: development has been performed on a design method to decide construction of a non-tracking micro light collection type module; in the state of cells being integrated on the module, the cells are arranged minutely and discretely, whereas, with discussions on a method to form them and assessment of the optical system as the main objective, single crystal silicon solar cells with a size smaller than 5 mm were fabricated on a trial basis; problems of forming micro cells by using the wafer cutting process were clarified; micro cells operating on light collection were fabricated trially to extract technological problems in light collecting operation and discuss technical problems in mass production; and development was performed on an evaluation method to analyze the cells' light collecting operation, and discussions were given on a method to estimate power generation amount from the light collection type modules. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technologies, and development of technologies to manufacture amorphous silicon/thin film poly-crystalline silicon hybrid thin film solar cells); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo kaihatsu (oyogata shinkozo usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (amorphous silicon / usumaku takessho silicon hybrid usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Developmental research has been performed on large-area low-cost manufacturing technologies on hybrid thin film solar cells of amorphous silicon and poly-crystalline silicon. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The research has been performed on a texture construction formed naturally on silicon surface, and thin film poly-crystalline silicon cells with STAR structure having a rear side reflection layer to increase light absorption. The research achievements during the current fiscal year may be summarized as follows: the laser scribing technology for thin film poly-crystalline silicon was established, which is important for modularization, making fabrication of low-cost and large-area modules possible; a stabilization efficiency of 11.3% was achieved in a hybrid mini module comprising of ten-stage series integrated amorphous silicon and thin film poly-crystalline silicon; structures different hybrid modules were discussed, whereas an initial efficiency of 10.3% (38.78W) was achieved in a sub-module having a substrate size of 910 mm times 455 mm; and feasibility of forming large-area hybrid modules was demonstrated. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 achievement report. Development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell technology (Development of new photoelectric conversion material technology - Research on future feasibility of wet-type solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu (shinkoden henkan zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu (shisshiki taiyo denchi no shoraiteki kanosei no chosa))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

A survey is conducted of wet-type solar cells that may constitute an important field in solar chemistry. The wet type solar cell made known by Graetzel et al. in 1991 is a combination of ultrafine TiO{sub 2} grains and a sensitizing dye. The ultrafine grain surface structure enlarges the area of an electrode for the absorption of 46% of incident solar radiation of which 80% or more is converted into electric power. The fill factor at 520nm of a cell fabricated for an additional test turns out to be 40% against the 76% mentioned in technical literature, and the conversion efficiency 10%. The Titanyl sulfate is also tested because it is low in price as material for titanium oxide. Functional groups are experimentally introduced for the generation of bonds on the substrate to be effective in the injection of a sensitizing dye. A sensitizing dye with two carboxyl groups and two bipyridine rings as ligand is allowed to be supported by TiO{sub 2}. IR (infrared) spectrometry is performed, and then formation is found of ester-like bonds or chelate bonds due to the interaction of carboxyl groups and the substrate surface. This is enhanced by surface treatment. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system/development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells/development of technology to manufacture low-cost large-area modules/development of technology to manufacture next generation thin film solar cells (development of technology to manufacture applied type thin film solar cells with new construction); 1997 nendo tiayoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module esizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, oyogata shinkozo usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A thin film single crystal silicon solar cell module is developed, in which a porous silicon layer is formed on the surface of a long-sized single crystal silicon substrate, a single crystal silicon film is integrated on the layer by epitaxially growing the film thereon to form a solar cell, and the solar cell is peeled off from the silicon substrate and transferred to a plastic film substrate. The achievements during this fiscal year may be summarized as follows: simultaneous formation of a porous silicon layer on a silicon substrate, reduction of anode formation current density from 200 mA/cm{sup 2} to 10 mA/cm{sup 2}, development of a silicon epitaxial device using a carbon heater, and attainment of aperture conversion efficiency of 11.8% in a thin film single crystal silicon solar cell. Three kinds of methods were developed to peel off the solar cell. A method was developed to grind silicon substrate surface from which the solar cell has been peeled off. A technology was developed to obtain a long-sized silicon substrate of about 30 cm times 10 cm times 0.1 cm from a 4-inch silicon ingot by using a wire saw. (NEDO)

Development of technology for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells for practical use. Development of manufacturing technologies for low-cost substrates (technical development for production of high purity silicon); Usugata takessho taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Tei cost kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (taiyo denchiyo silicon seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on development of manufacturing technologies of Si for solar cells in fiscal 1994. (1) P in Si could be successfully reduced to 0.1ppmw by EB melting method. The condition possible to reduce P in Si while continuously supplying metal Si was found. The 20kg class EB melting equipment was also designed and manufactured which can be connected with solidifying rough refining process. (2) Use of a water-cooling copper mold was studied using a small melting equipment for cost reduction in solidifying rough refining process. As a result, the prospect of crucible-free technology for removal of P and solidifying rough refining was obtained. (3) B in Si could be successfully reduced to the target of 0.1ppmw by vapor addition method using a plasma melting equipment. (4) The prototype SOG-Si achieved a conversion efficiency of 14.1% as solar cell. In addition, the advanced solar cell prepared by efficiency enhancement process achieved a conversion efficiency of 15.9%. 3 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency solar cells (fundamental research on extra-high efficiency Si solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (chokokoritsu silicon taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Suzuki, E; Ishikawa, K; Takato, H; Yui, N; Shimokawa, R [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency silicon solar cells. It is necessary for development of extra-high efficiency Si solar cells to extend as far as possible service life of minority carriers and to develop the evaluation techniques. Noting photoluminescence (PL) observable even with Si, the method of evaluating characteristics of minority carriers, which are not limited in samples, is developed to experimentally determine their service life from transitional response of the PL characteristics. Si has an extremely low quantum effect, because it is an indirect transitional semiconductor, and needs measurement of very high sensitivity. A rapid heat annealing apparatus and others to generate carriers in the infrared and ultraviolet regions are provided in consideration that these are possible means to increase efficiency. These possibilities will be pursued by developing the annealing techniques. 1 fig.

Technological development for super-high efficiency solar cells. Survey on the commercialization on analysis; Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu. Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on analysis of super-high efficiency solar cells for practical use in fiscal 1994. (1) On the survey on crystalline compound solar cells, it was pointed out that the present study target is III-V compound semiconductor solar cell, and efficiencies of 36-39% are theoretically expected by use of two-junction cells. (2) On structure of super-high efficiency solar cells of 40%, selection of upper and lower cell materials for multi-junction cells, high-efficiency tandem Si solar cells, and the merit and possibility of light collection operation were surveyed, and their issues were discussed. (3) On physical properties of mixed crystalline semiconductors and characteristic evaluation of solar cells, impurities, trap center, minority carrier life, and applicability of supper lattice structure to high-efficiency solar cells were surveyed. (4) On fabrication technology of compound semiconductor solar cells, various problems of and approaches to electrode formation and antireflection film technologies, the meaning and issues of thin film substrate technology and continuous process, trial calculation of costs, safety, and resource problem were surveyed.

FY 1999 research and development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of technologies for production of thin-film solar cells and low-cost, large-area modules (Development of technologies for high-reliability CdTe solar cell modules); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (koshinraisei CdTe taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The research and development project is implemented for production of low-cost, large-area modules of CdTe solar cells by the high-quality film-making process and high-function patterning, and the FY 1999 results are reported. The research program for the large-area TCO film-making technologies involves investigations on improvement of SnO{sub 2} film quality by the mist method and continuous film-making, which lead to continuous, stable production of 34 substrates of low resistance of 9.7{omega} on the average. The program for production of the large-area, thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells involves production of TCO and CdS by the mist method, and patterning of the laminated TCO/CdS film by laser scribing. The CdTe film is formed by the atmospheric pressure CSS method, and treated with CdCl{sub 2} to improve its crystallinity. The CdTe film is patterned by sand blasting, and provided with the carbon and silver electrodes by screen printing, to complete the cell. The process is totally effected at the atmospheric pressure, needing no vacuum device. The CdTe solar cell assembly (130 cells connected in series, opening area: 5,413cm{sup 2}), fabricated on a trial basis, achieves a conversion efficiency of 10%. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost and large-area module manufacturing technologies, and new type amorphous solar cell manufacturing technologies); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shingata amorphous taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to put amorphous solar cells for power use into practical use, research and development has been performed on a low-cost mass production technology for modules with large area and less deterioration using film substrates. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In developing an efficiency enhancing technology, development of an a-Si/a-SiGe/a-SiGe triple cell structure was launched, and discussions were given on band gaps, film forming conditions, and film thickness. In developing a film forming speed enhancing technology, systematic experiments were performed, as well as theoretical analysis on the film forming mechanism in the plasma CVD process. In developing the process technology for film substrate solar cells, with regard to an a-Si production device of the multi-chamber arranged stepping roll system, six plasma CVD chambers were increased to 13 chambers to improve the electrode forming speed and such processes as drilling low-cost substrates, and laser patterning. In trial fabrication of a triple cell, a module in which one row of the SCAF cell is laminated provided an initial efficiency of 9.64%. (NEDO)

Development of practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems in fiscal 1997. Development of technologies to manufacture next-generation thin film solar cells, development of technologies to manufacture CIS solar cell modules, development of technologies to increase high-quality film area; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Jisedai usumaku taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, CIS taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, kohinshitsumaku no daimensekika gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

With an objective to improve efficiency and reduce cost of CIS-based thin film solar cells, research and development has been made on technologies to increase high-quality CIS film area and technologies to increase speed in the manufacturing process. This paper describes the achievements attained during fiscal 1997. The research covered development of technologies to form high-grade Cu (In, Ga) Se{sub 2} (CIGS) film by using the multi-dimensional deposition process, component technologies for forming a rear electrode, a buffer layer and a transparent electrode, and patterning technologies. As a result of the research, thickness of the CIGS film was reduced to half as much as that of the conventional films, having achieved conversion efficiency of 13.1%, which corresponds to about 90% of the conventional CIGS solar cells. In addition, elucidation was made on the effect of an MoSe{sub 2} layer existing on interface with CIGS/Mo in a CIGS solar cell imposed on solar cell characteristics. In developing an Mo film laser scribing technology, intensity dependence of laser energy was made clear, the energy being required for scribing according to surface condition of the Mo film. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on development of technologies for practical photovoltaic system under New Sunshine Program. Manufacture of thin-film solar cell and of low-cost/large-area module (Manufacture of high-reliability CdTe solar module); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (koshinraisei CdTe taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The target is a low-cost CdS/CdTe solar cell of a large area (60cm times 90cm), the establishment of mass-production technologies for the cell, and the enhancement of production efficiency. A thin film formation technology of subjecting CdS film organic metal to pyrolysis is established, which reduces photoabsorption loss in the shortwave domain of wavelength of not longer than 500nm, reduces reflection loss in the film, and improves on short-circuit current density. Improvement is also achieved on CdTe film quality and junction quality by use of a proximity sublimation method in a vacuum, when a conversion rate of 16.0% (1cm{sup 2}) is attained which is the highest in the world. Based on the results of the above-said efforts, a 3.3mm-thick glass substrate is employed for CdTe film to develop into a 30cm times 60cm-large size, with the film thereon uniformly thick over a large area thanks to a normal pressure proximity sublimation method. Studies are made toward a process nearer to the ultimate product and, using the patterning technique, a 30cm times 60cm-large CdTe solar cell is tentatively built realizing a conversion rate of 9.8%. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost/large-area module manufacturing technology - Development of novel amorphous solar cell module manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shingata amorphous taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The project intends to improve on large-area amorphous silicon solar cell performance and to develop high-throughput manufacturing technologies for a reduction in the cost of modules. A film substrate type amorphous solar cell structure of the serial connection type named SCAF (series-connection through apertures formed on film) is contrived. Under this method, film formation using a stepping roll system newly developed for glass substrates may be applied, and the number of manhours required is allowed to be less than under conventional serial connection forming processes. The new technique is characterized in that serial connections are established via through-holes provided in plastic substrates. Making use of the technology, progress is attained in the development of high-throughput process technology for film substrate type amorphous solar cells and of efficiency enhancement technology. In fiscal 1997, an electron beam unit for plasma generation aiming at the elucidation of reaction processes in plasma was introduced, and technologies based on the equilibrium discharge technique were developed enabling high-speed a-Si film formation without degradation in film quality. The effect of trace boron addition to the tandem cell bottom I layer was investigated, and a stabilization rate of 8.05% was achieved using a 40cm times 80cm large SCAF cell. In fiscal 1998, endeavors were exerted for similar developments. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology - Development of application type novel-structure thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of amorphous silicon/thin-film polycrystalline silicon hybrid thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (oyogata shinkozo usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / amorphous silicon/usumaku takessho silicon hybrid usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The project aims to manufacture the above for the development of low-cost high-efficiency practical cells. Technologies were developed to homogeneously fabricate films with an average efficiency of 10% or more in a 100mm times 85mm area in a STAR (naturally surface texture and enhanced absorption with a back reflector) structure thin-film polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) solar cell. The texture shape was improved for a higher light trapping effect and a STAR structure cell highly sensitive to long wavelengths and fit for use for a hybrid cell bottom layer was obtained. Various cells were examined for temperature characteristics, and it was found that thin-film poly-Si cells present a temperature coefficient equal to or less than that of bulk single-crystal silicon systems, and hybrid cells a temperature coefficient similar to that of a-Si systems. The technology was applied to a hybrid solar cell in which an a-Si cell was placed on STAR structure thin film poly-Si cells, and a resultant 3-layer a-Si/poly-Si/poly-Si cell exhibited a stabilization factor of 12.0% after 550 hours of optical irradiation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Research and survey of peripheral element technologies (Research on practical application of set solar cell); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (shisshiki taiyo denchi jitsuyoka kanosei chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Possibility of practical application of dye-sensitized solar cells (Graezel cells) is discussed. Fine titania particle preparation conditions and titania thin-film electrodes were optimized and an energy conversion efficiency of 7.7% was accomplished. The screen printing method was applied to the manufacture of dye-sensitized electrodes, and performance governing factors were grasped. The use of the screen printing method resulted in a conversion efficiency of 6-8.4% when the factors were optimized. Though lower than the 10% in the Graezel report, values near that were obtained. The status of latest research and development is compiled involving studies about electron transfer dynamics in dye-sensitized solar cells, manufacture of sensitizing dyes and mesoscopic metal oxide thin-film, electron transfer layers and their physical properties, and solidification of hole transfer layers. Research was conducted aiming at their practical application, and tasks and problems in each of the said items were point out. A logical approach to achieve high conversion efficiency was deliberated, and studies were made about how to propel forward endeavors involving design guidelines for high-performance sensitizing dyes, design and preparation guidelines for thin film for electrodes, analysis of stability, solidification of the redox electrolyte, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost/large-area module manufacturing technology - Development of high-reliability CdS/CdTe solar cell module manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (koshinraisei CdTe taiyo denchi module no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Cost reduction for the above-named solar cells is the aim of this effort. On the basis of the results of past studies, a technology is established of fabricating a thin CdS film by subjecting a CdS film to organometal pyrolysis, and this brings about a decrease in photoabsorption loss in the range of waves shorter than 500nm and a decrease in in-film reflection loss for an increase in short-circuit current density. A proximity sublimation method is used for CdTe film fabrication, which improves on film quality and film adhesion. These efforts result in the achievement of a conversion efficiency of 16.0% which is the highest in the world. Studies are promoted in a process nearer to the ultimate form, and a 30cm times 60cm large CdTe solar cell is fabricated on the basis of a patterning technique, and the product attains a conversion efficiency of 9.8%. In fiscal 1998, studies center about the establishment of a film fabrication process for a medium-are substrate and about the enhancement of its conversion efficiency, and facilities capable of dealing with large-area substrates are introduced and operated. In a typical achievement, a CdTe solar cell is experimentally fabricated in a process which is wholly under normal pressure, and the product with an aperture area of 1376cm{sup 2} exhibits a conversion efficiency of 10.5% according to JQA (Japan Quality Assurance Organization). (NEDO)

New Sunshine Project FY 1996 report on the results of development of photovoltaic power generation system commercialization technologies. Research on commercialization of the technologies for production of thin-film photovoltaic cells (Development of fabrication technologies of high-quality CuInSe{sub 2}-based thin-film solar cells); 1996 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu (kohinshitsuka gijutsu (CuInSe{sub 2} taiyo denchi seizo no gijutsu kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1996 results of development of fabrication technologies for high-quality CuInSe{sub 2}-based photovoltaic cells. The Cu-Ga alloy/In-stacked precursor film is prepared for production of the high-quality thin-film absorber applicable to large-area module fabrication, and selenized by the vapor-phase selenization in a H{sub 2}Se gas atmosphere to produce the thin light-absorbing film in which In and Ga are present at graded concentrations. Increasing Ga alloy content in the CIGS-based thin-film photovoltaic cell fails to widen the forbidden band and improve V{sub oc}, and further optimization works are needed. The method is developed for production of thin-film buffer layer of sulfur-containing Zn compound which can give the cell characteristics equivalent to those of CdS generally used for CIS-based thin-film photovoltaic cell. It is clarified that the photovoltaic cell characteristics can be improved by use of a transparent electroconductive ZnO film of stacked structure, produced by a combination of RF sputtering and DC sputtering. For the patterning technologies necessary for forming series connection on a mini-module, the laser scribing method is applicable to the metal base-electrode, and the mechanical scribing method to the light absorber and window layer. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology (Survey of peripheral element technologies - Survey of novel voltaic cell structure solar cell development); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - shinhatsuden soshi kozo taiyo denchi kaitaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The present state and trend are surveyed of organic ferroelectric thin films, new carbon materials, fullerene compounds, and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power. In the study of organic ferroelectric thin-film solar cells, the effort still remains at the basic stage, with the conversion rate as low as 3% in Europe and 2% in Japan. The progress of basic studies, however, is worth attention. It is deemed that 15% is the photoconversion rate to be currently expected from new carbon material solar cells. Fullerene compounds include some semiconductors whose bandgap values may be controlled across a 0.75-1.95eV range, and they may find their place in thin-film solar cells. However, their physical properties are not fully known, and their development into devices such as solar cells is scarcely reported. The research and development of TPV in the U.S. is led by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), with their efforts concentrated on the development of portable power sources utilizing combustion heat. In Europe, TPV application to small-scale residential cogeneration systems is under study. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology (Survey of peripheral element technologies - Survey of environmental adaptation of next-generation solar cell development); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - jisedai taiyo denchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Surveys are conducted of photovoltaic power system development projects and their utilization in Japan and overseas, and a discussion is made on the progress, technical challenges, effects, and implementation systems relating to the solar cell application technology development project under the New Sunshine Program. Compiled in the report are the results of surveys of the research and development of photovoltaic power systems and their diffusion in the U.S. and European nations, and the research and development strategies for and the trends of the development of various types of solar cells in these countries. The trends of research and development of non-conventional type solar cells are also collected, which include 3 cases of TPV (thermophotovoltaic) devices, 5 cases of new inorganic materials, 1 case of new organic materials, and 4 cases of dye-sensitized solar cells. In relation to the status of resources of crystalline compound-based solar cell materials, raw materials for solar cells other than silicon are taken up, and their reserves, manufacturing methods, quantities yielded and consumed, costs, etc., are surveyed. These are all taken into consideration in discussing the basic approach to the study of future research and development as it ought to be. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Feasibility study of wet-type solar cell commercialization); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - Shissiki taiyo denchi jitsuyoka kanosei chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Dye-sensitized solar cell commercialization was studied for feasibility. Studies were made about photoelectric conversion efficiency and various factors supposedly to affect the life and other properties, and a wet-type (dye-sensitized type) solar cell was fabricated. In an endurance test, the dye-sensitized solar cell retained its initial performance after 3,500 hours of continuous irradiation. A 16 cm{sup 2}-large integrated type Graetzel cell was fabricated, and it achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.6%. Furthermore, in the study of Graetzel cells, possibility of the creation of new electrolytic solutions was discussed, a non-TiO{sub 2} dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated based on the self-assembled electrodeposition of the ZnO dye, and the feasibility was deliberated of a dye-sensitized solar sell using a composite oxide semiconductor. Concerning their development in the future, it was concluded that dye-sensitized solar cells including the Graetzel cell were equipped with the basic characteristics of a next-generation solar cell that would be requested to be low in cost and high in performance. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell application fields); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi tou oyo bunya kaitaku chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Surveys and studies were conducted in order to make propositions concerning the fields of application wherein the merits of ultrahigh-efficiency solar cells would be fully utilized. A questionnaire was held about solar cell application fields, and studies were made about new systems based on the need in the market for specific solar cell goods and capable of supporting their mass diffusion. Proposed as the result was the establishment of a rental (lease) system for photovoltaic power systems, a local photovoltaics advisory system, a market for used photovoltaic power systems, and so forth. In the feasibility study of photovoltaic power generation on unused land in agricultural villages, surveys were conducted concerning energy problems, the energy structure, the actual state of energy consumption, the abandoned farm and its utilization, and so forth. Propositions involving photovoltaic power feasibility were then made, which covered power consumption for greenhouse culture, energy supply for producing methanol out of biomass, power sources for insect incapacitating yellow fluorescent lamps, power sources for livestock barn air-conditioning, power sources for animal excretion treatment, and so forth. (NEDO)

Evaluation of PV modules integrated with roofing materials; Kenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morizane, M.; Yagiura, T.; Nakashima, S.; Yagi, H.; Murata, K.; Uchihashi, K.; Tsuda, S.; Nakano, S. [Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan); Ito, M.; Kurimoto, T.; Yamakawa, H.; Fujiwara, T. [Kubota Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1997-11-25

PV modules unified with building materials which are low in cost, easy to install and excellent in designing were developed and were evaluated in various tests. As to the basic structure of this module, seamless and unified construction with the back metal plate was adopted considering improvement in fire prevention and cost reduction. About the installation, module is easy to install by just fit connection with the frame, and easy to remove with no use of special tools. Concerning intensity and durability requested for this module, tests on reliability such as torsion strength and wind pressure resistance were conducted according to JIS standards, and it was confirmed that there were no problems. Also on the long-term durability, tests on long-term reliability were carried out by doubling test terms of the temperature/humidity cycle test, salt water resistance test, etc., and the reliability the same as that of the existing type was confirmed. In the verification test using a model house, no changes were seen in electrical characteristics and appearance, and waterproof was also favorable one and a half year after the installation. 4 refs., 7 figs., 5 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on developing practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems under the New Sunshine Project. Development of technologies to manufacture thin film solar cells, development of technologies to manufacture low-cost large-area modules, and development of technologies to manufacture new type amorphous solar cells; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, shingata amorphous taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Development will be made on high-performance a-solar cells as part of developing practical application technology for a-solar cells for electric power use. Development will be also made on a low-cost process technology. This paper describes the achievements attained during fiscal 1997. Quality improvement has been realized by using a high RF power hydrogen dilution process on a-Si films for front cells of lamination type cells. Four times faster film forming speed was obtained even by using the VHF plasma CVD process, with film quality equivalent to those made by using the conventional RF process maintained. By optimizing the light enclosing construction, the short circuit current was enhanced by over 20%. Discussions were given on forming homogenous a-Si films by optimizing the conditions for forming films on large-area substrates, which resulted in forming film of 30 cm times 40 cm size with good homogeneity at a film forming speed three times faster than the conventional speed. A surface electrode was formed successfully with good uniformity on a substrate with a size of 60 cm times 90 cm. Productivity greater by over three times the conventional productivity was achieved in patterning of transparent electrodes by using high-output laser. Simultaneous and collective patterning and very small and long size collective patterning were realized in a-Si film selection patterning by using the plasma CVD process. (NEDO)

Development of technology for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells for practical use. Development of manufacturing technologies for low-cost substrates (low-cost Si substrates); Usugata takessho taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Tei cost kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (usugata takessho kigan seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on manufacturing technologies for low-cost high-quality Si substrates in fiscal 1994. (1) On the 220mm square type electromagnetic casting technology, development of fast stable casting technology was studied using the previously installed 220mm square type electromagnetic casting furnace. As a result, continuous stable casting was achieved at high casting speed up to 3.0mm/min. Any degradation of crystalline quality due to high speed casting was not found. (2) On the 350mm square type electromagnetic casting furnace, oscillation circuit constants were analyzed for design of the power source for No.4 electromagnetic casting furnace. In graphite heating experiment using the 350mm square type water-cooling copper crucible heated by 1000kW high-frequency power source, sufficient heat quantity was obtained for initial melting of Si. Any problems in Si melting were not found through Al block melting test. 6 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for development of extra-high efficiency solar cells (fundamental research on extra-high efficiency III-V compound semiconductor tandem solar cells); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (chokokoritsu III-V zoku kagobutsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Kawanami, H; Sakata, I; Nagai, K; Matsumoto, K; Miki, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for development of extra-high efficiency III-V compound semiconductor tandem solar cells. Heteroepitaxial structures of compound semiconductors, such as GaAs, on silicon substrates are analyzed and evaluated by EXAFS, Raman and RHEED for the initial stage of the film growth and heterointerfaces. The device capable of in-situ observation of the growing surface structures during the period of heteroepitaxial film growth is introduced, to investigate the effects of rise-up and initial growth conditions on defects. The effects of atomic hydrogen on growth of a GaAs film on a silicon substrate are investigated from photoluminescence and solar cell characteristics, to confirm the effects of reducing defects. Heteroepitaxial growth of InGaP, which has the optimum band width for forming multi-junction silicon solar cells, on a silicon substrate is investigated, to find that an interfacial buffer layer is necessary to form a good film. 2 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells (compound semiconductors and their fabrication technologies); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usumaku taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka (kagobutsu taiyo denchi zairyo oyobi seisaku gijutsu no kaiseki hyoka)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oyagi, H; Okada, Y; Yamaguchi, H; Shiota, T; Kuroda, S; Igarashi, O; Tanino, H; Makita, Y; Yamada, A; Kimura, S; Ohara, A; Niki, S; Shibata, H; Fons, P [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin-film compound semiconductor solar cells. The study on epitaxial growth and optical properties of the thin films of CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 evaluates the thin epitaxial films grown under various conditions, showing morphology of the defects at the interface of heteroepitaxial growth. These results are used to set the growth conditions under which a thin film of high luminescence by exciter recombination is produced. The study also gives information of luminescence transition in the vicinity of the band ends and of energy level between the bands. The study on structural analysis of the epitaxially grown thin films of CuInSe2 investigates dependence of lattice constants of the MBE-grown CIS layer on film thickness by the X-ray diffractometry based on the bond method. The study on epitaxial growth by the Se(CH3)2-halogen transfer method tests epitaxial growth of the single-crystalline Mo on a substrate of single-crystalline sapphire. 5 figs.

To the partnership in Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry and solar cell; Kaneka, taiyo denchi de teikei he

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind. clarified that the consultation was advanced in the direction in which the business cooperates with BP Amoco Corp. in international oil majors on the solar cell business on 11 th capital. In full amount fund subsidiary of the bell pool chemistry, the solar cell making and selling company is established in the joint venture in Europe and America, Asia, when the BP Amoco Corp. does capital participation in money mosquito solar tech which is the production marketer of solar cell. The plan which develops the amorphous solar cell of low cost which the bell pool chemistry developed in the world. The consultation of the partnership is also arranging prospect in the end June, and it seems to greatly jump by uniting with the BP Amoco Corp. of the largest hand. (translated by NEDO)

Stabilized efficiency of stacked a-Si solar cell; Sekisogata a-Si taiyo denchi no anteika koritsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahisa, K; Kojima, T; Nakamura, K; Koyanagi, T; Yanagisawa, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-11-25

Different types of tests combining light and temperature were carried out in a laboratory on predicting long-term performance of stacked amorphous silicon solar cells. Cell terminals were left open, xenon was used as an irradiation light source, and cell temperature was controlled within {+-} 2 degC of the setting. The result of the experiment may be summarized as follows: with regard to the deterioration characteristics, the speed in which the efficiency changes reached a maximum within 10 hours, and thereafter the change has slowed down gradually in the case of temperature at 50 degC; in the case of 25 degC, the maximization is reached between 500 and 1000 hours; the stabilization efficiency turns out to be a pessimistic value according to the saturated value derived from an experimental expression, hence the value would have to be expressed by specifying cell temperatures, light intensities and elapsed time; the minimum value of seasonal variation may be estimated at about 85% as a pessimistic value; for recovery characteristics, the saturated value for the recovery tends to become lower as the lower the value immediately before the recovery; and if the light intensity is varied, the deterioration characteristic shifts to that at an individual light intensity. 4 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.

PV glass curtain walls; Kenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi gaiheki no kaihatsu (glass curtain wall eno tekiyo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshida, T.; Iwai, T.; Ouchi, T.; Ito, T.; Nagai, T.; Shu, I. [Kajima Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Arai, T. [Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K., Tokyo (Japan); Ishikawa, N.; Tazawa, K.

1997-12-20

Reported in this article are PV (photovoltaic) modules now under development for integration into building walls. First of all, the power generating capability of PV modules and appropriate use of the generated power are studied, and the performance (resistance to fire or incombustibility, strength and durability, appearance and design, and dimensional standardization) that such outer wall materials are to be equipped with are determined. Next, module development, installation technique, computer graphics-aided facade designing, and real size module-using proof test are studied before installability, the power to be generated, and designs are finalized. In the development of modules, design evaluation involves the combining of various kinds of glass, solar cells, back sheets, and fillers, and the importance is confirmed of the prevention of insulation degradation around the modules. As for the methods of installation, the gasket method and aluminum sash method, etc., are tested. In the study of facade design, it is found that various expressions are possible by properly choosing gasket colors, module types, and kinds of glass to cover the openings. 1 ref., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Accomplishments hitherto achieved regarding the development of solar cell manufacturing technologies and the future course. Annex; Taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu kaihatsu no koremade no seika to kongo no hoko. Fuzoku shiryo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-07-01

Collected in this paper are the results of evaluation and studies which were conducted, regarding the development of solar cell manufacturing technologies, by the Solar Cell Manufacture Evaluation Sub-Committee at its 4 meetings held in the period from May to August, 1985. For the development of technologies of manufacturing solar cells under the Sunshine Program, the development of technologies for manufacturing crystalline solar cells and amorphous solar cells is required. The Industrial Technology Council, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, in August, 1982, set intermediate goals to be achieved by fiscal 1985. To be developed for the practical application of crystalline silicon solar cells are a low cost experimental silicon refining system and an experimental solar panel manufacturing system. To be carried out for amorphous solar cells are basic studies including a study of physical properties, the development of a large-area high-efficiency solar cell manufacturing technology, and the development of a low cost monosilane manufacturing technology making use of molten salt electrolysis in a closed cycle. In fiscal 1984, 90% of the goals were attained, and now it is expected that almost all will be complete within fiscal 1985. (NEDO)

Research on fabrication technology for thin film solar cells for practical use. Survey on the commercialization analysis; Usumaku taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on the technological trend, safety and latest technologies of thin film solar cells in fiscal 1994. As the fabrication technology for amorphous film solar cells, three-electrode plasma CVD was surveyed as fabrication method for high-mobility materials, and hydrogen radical CVD as fabrication method for high-photostable films. Current foreign and domestic reliability tests were surveyed for reliability evaluation of solar cells. In order to ascertain the performance, efficiency, physical properties and optimum structure of polycrystalline Si thin film solar cells, previously reported test results on physical properties such as carrier concentration, carrier lifetime and mobility of films were surveyed together with device simulation results. In addition, technologies for high-efficiency CuInSe2 system and CdTe system solar cells, technologies for cost reduction and mass production, and environmental influence were surveyed. Estimation of production costs for cell modules, and safety of thin film solar cells were also surveyed.

Comprehensive and Critical Literature Review on Insitu Micro-Sensors for Application in Tribology

Science.gov (United States)

1994-04-01

Tsugai, Masahiro; Bessho, Mikio ; Araki, Toru; Onishi, Masayoshi; Sesekura, Takashi Source: SAE Technical Paper Series. Publ by SAE, Warrendale, PA, USA...MONITORING OF HYDROGEN ASSISTED CRACKING OF LOW ALLOY STEEL. Author. Hayashi, Yasuhisa; Takemoto, Mikio Source: Boshoku Gijutsu/Corrosion Engineering v...METALS AND ITS APPLICATION TO AE SENSOR. Author. Shimizu, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Sato , Michio Source:. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Supplement

Development of technology for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells for practical use. Development of elementary technologies for low-cost polycrystalline cell modules; Usugata takessho taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Takessho cell module tei cost ka yoso gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on development of elementary technologies for low-cost polycrystalline cell modules in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of elementary technologies for mass production, fast surface machining, fast electrode forming and fast forming of junctions and antireflection films were studied. Surface machining by rotating grindstone was studied as fast cutting of fine grooves on Si substrates, resulting in possible fast machining superior in shape accuracy. Electrode properties equivalent or superior to previous ones were obtained by fast electrode forming using a fast printing/sintering equipment even at transfer speed 7.5 times as high as that of conventional methods. Simultaneous fast forming of junctions and antireflection films were achieved by heat treatment after deposition on Si substrate surfaces while heat-decomposing Ti and P compound gas. (2) On development of module structure, an optimum cell group angle, low reflection rate at glass surface, and fast wiring were studied. 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of solar cell evaluation system (Survey of research and development of solar cell evaluation system); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The fiscal 1999 results of survey and research conducted for the establishment of solar cell performance evaluation and reliability evaluation methods are reported. In the development of a super high fidelity (broad spectrum) solar simulator for cell evaluation, a prototype was tested for performance evaluation, and initially set values were achieved. In the development of a large-area module evaluation technology, the radiation area was increased to be 1.0m times 1.0m large. Outdoor exposure tests continued at 5 sites in Japan, 3 sites in Australia, and 1 site in Oman, and analyses and databasing were carried out for the outputs of various types of solar cell modules. As for the problem of coloring of fillers which are module constituents, coloring in the U.S. was attributed to high temperature and intensive insolation, and in Austria to an oxidation inhibitor. In the development of a photo-accelerated degradation testing method for Si-based solar cells, application of the cycled illumination test was found feasible. In this test method, an amorphous silicon solar cell retains 70% of the initial Pmax value even after the passage of a period equivalent to 30 years. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of technologies for enlarging amorphous solar cell area); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (amorphous taiyo denchi no daimensekika gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In the basic studies of large-area a-Si film formation technologies, the validity is discussed of the evaluation technique using plasma optical emissions spectrometry (OES) employed for the achievement of the intended film qualities. The film forming condition that exerts the greatest influence on the plasma state relative to OES is the power of discharge, and correlations are found to exist between specific emission intensity, infrared absorption level, and photoconductivity of the film. It is found that a P- or B-doped Si:H/SiC:H film is suitable as the material for the window layer on the light-receiving surface of the solar cell. Materials are studied for the i-layer responsible for photo carrier generation, isolation, and acceleration. Studies are also conducted on fluorine-containing film. In the efforts at designing and building solar cells, ITO (indium-tin oxide)/n-i-p/SS (reversed type) cells are analyzed, designing is carried out for transparent electrode film thickness optimization, window effect in stainless substrate cells is improved, glass substrate cells are experimentally built and analyzed, large-area solar cell properties are improved, interaction between the substrate and a-Si is studied, and reliability tests are conducted. For cost reduction, it is necessary to develop technologies of automated production of simplified-structure modules using low-cost materials. Basic matters are taken up for discussion. (NEDO)

Forced-circulation solar water heater using a solar battery; Taiyo denchi wo mochiita kyosei junkahshiki taiyonetsu onsuiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asai, S; Mizuno, T [Yazaki Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Optimal operation control was discussed on a forced-circulation solar water heater using solar cells not only as the power supply of a heat collecting pump, but also for controlling operation of the heat collecting pump. With this system, when the amount of power generated by solar cells reaches a sufficient level for operating the heat collecting pump, the heat collecting pump starts operation, wherein the heat collecting medium circulates in the system. The discussion was given by using simulation based on experimental expressions such as the relation expression between insolation and heat collecting medium flow rate as derived from the result of the system`s heat collecting performance test. As a result, the following conclusions were obtained: optimal insolation for activating the discussed system is from 50 to 100 W/m {sup 2}, and the heat collected within this range is within -1.5% of the collected heat amount at an optimum value; optimal activating insolation for the case of 1000 to 2000 W/m {sup 2} with low daily cumulative insolation is from 0 to 50 W/m {sup 2}, whereas the optimal activating insolation amount increases as the daily cumulative insolation amount increases; and the optimal activating insolation amount increases as water to be supplied requires higher temperature. 1 ref., 17 figs., 2 tabs.

Forced-circulation solar water heater using a solar battery; Taiyo denchi wo mochiita kyosei junkanshiki taiyonetsu onsuiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asai, S; Mizuno, T [Yazaki Resources Co. Ltd., Shizuoka (Japan)

1996-10-27

For the purpose of satisfying demands for qualitative improvement on tapwater temperature and pressure, an indirect-type solar water heater using solar cells, in which a closed type hot water storage tank connected directly to the water supply is integrated with a solar collector, was examined for its characteristics and performance. The heat collecting medium is a water solution of polypropylene glycol, which circulates through the solar collector pump, cistern, solar collector, and heat exchanger (hot water storage tank). The results of the test are summarized below. When comparison is made between the two solar collector pump control methods, the solar cells direct connection method and the differential thermo method utilizing temperature difference between the solar collector and the hot water storage tank, they are alike in collecting heat on clear days, but on cloudy days the latter collects 5% more than the former. In winter, when the heat exchanger heat transfer area is 0.4m{sup 2} large, a further increase in the area improves but a little the heat collecting efficiency. An increase in the medium flow rate and temperature, or in the Reynolds number, enhances the heat collecting efficiency. 13 figs., 6 tabs.

Solar cell array for driving MOS type FET gate. MOS gata EFT gate kudoyo taiyo denchi array

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murakami, S; Yoshida, K; Yoshiki, T; Yamaguchi, Y; Nakayama, T; Owada, Y

1990-03-12

There has been a semiconductor relay utilizing MOS type FET (field effect transistor). Concerning the solar cells used for a semiconductor relay, it is required to separate the cells by forming insulating oxide films first and to form semiconductor layers by using many mask patterns, since a crystal semiconductor is used. Thereby its manufacturing process becomes complicated and laminification as well as thin film formation are difficult, In view of the above, this invention proposes a solar cell array for driving a MOS type FET gate consisting of amorphous silicon semiconductor cells, which are used for a semiconductor relay with solar cells generating electromotive power by the light of a light emitting diode and a MOS type FET that the power output of the above solar cells is supplied to its gate, and which are connected in series with many steps. 9 figs.

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Japan: Symposium on Applications of Advanced Technology: Sensors

Science.gov (United States)

1992-03-02

Tokyo SENTAN GIJUTSU OYO formation of amphipathic cellular membrane compo-SYMPOSIUM in Japanese 3 Sep 91 pp 37-45 nents of procaryote , rhamnolipids A...rhamnolipid has a nonionic sugar part and an anionic cellular liposome as the matrix lipid of a biological film, carboxylic group as the hydrophilic...the phospholipids of bacterial 3. Liposome Sensor cellular membranes have no phosphatadyl choline and consist mainly of phosphatadyl ethanolamine, 4

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system /development of technology to manufacture solar cells/development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells (development of technology to manufacture materials and substrates (development of technology to manufacture silicon crystal based high-quality materials and substrates)); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, usumaku taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (silicon kesshokei kohinshitsu zairyo kiban no seizo gujutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

It is intended to develop thin film solar cells capable of mass production with high photo-stability and at low cost. Thus, the objective of the present research is to analyze the growth process of micro crystal silicon based thin films, the crystal being a high quality silicon crystal based material, and develop technology to manufacture high-quality micro crystal silicon thin films based on the findings therefrom. It was found that, when silicon source is available in cathode, pure hydrogen plasma forms micro crystal silicon films by using the plasma as a result of the chemical transportation effect from the silicon source. It was revealed that the crystal formation due to hydrogen plasma exposure is performed substantially by the crystals forming the films due to the chemical transportation effect, rather than crystallization in the vicinity of the surface. The crystal formation under this experiment was concluded that the formation takes place during film growth accompanied by diffusion of film forming precursors on the surface on which the film grows. According to the result obtained so far, the most important issue in the future is particularly the control of crystal growing azimuth by reducing the initially formed amorphous layer by controlling the stress in the initial phase for film formation, and by controlling the film forming precursors. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Research and survey of peripheral element technologies (Research and survey for development of solar cell of new power generation device structure); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu (shinhatsuden soshi kozo taiyo denchi kaitaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Attention is paid to behavior at the molecular level with reference taken to the photosynthetic mechanism, and a behavioral mechanism is proposed, which incorporates, in place of the conventional band model, a concept of a molecular structure based on electron transfer, excitation energy transfer, and reactions of oxidation and reduction. Discussion is then made on elements of technology development for the embodiment of high-efficiency organic ferroelectric thin-film solar cells. The elements taken up include the feasibility of organic ferroelectric thin-film cells, photoelctric conversion systems of plants and photosynthetic bacteria, solar cells using donor-acceptor type dyes, organic thin-film solar cells using conductive polymers, and efficient photoexcitation of organic dyes. Fullerene compounds are semiconductive and their band gaps may be controlled to stay within the range of 0.75-1.9eV, and this justifies a hope that they will serve as solar cells. As for TPV (thermophotovoltaic) conversion, it is under development mainly at NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) as a transportable power source based on heat of combustion. Efforts are also being exerted since 1990 in five European countries to develop TPV systems for small-scale cogeneration. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on the development of solar energy technologies for the development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Experimental fabrication of solar cell panels and verification thereof (Development of technologies for panel assembly process); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (panel kumitate kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In a study of cell array connection process, continuous and automatic connection of cells is named as the basic concept in view of low cost and high reliability. In the designing of details of cell strings, CZ (Czochralski) cell dimensions are reviewed for cell packaging efficiency improvement, interconnectors and wiring are examined for a easier packaging process, and solder connection is thought over for utility cost reduction. Conditions are established for string fabrication process details. In the study of the panel packaging process, panel package designing is carried out and a dedicated mechanical device is installed. In the study of the inspection process and plant system, data are collected, necessary for the construction and adjustment of an inspection device. Research is conducted on the layout of plant facilities, on required utilities, and on facilities operating state signals to be transmitted to the central control unit. As for an inspection jig supply system, transfer system, and storage rack, they are designed, built, and installed. The plant house is now complete. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization-entrusted projects. Solar energy technology research and development; solar panel experiment, manufacture, and verification (Photovoltaic power system practical application technology; ribbon-type crystal substrate process technology); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (ribon kessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Carried over from the preceding fiscal year are the development of ribbon crystal pulling technology and the studies of ribbon crystal substrate quality and plant operation. In the development of ribbon crystal pulling process, a pulling drive is built and the limiter mechanism is strengthened for improvement on ribbon crystal flatness, technologies are established for high-speed pulling of broad ribbon crystals, pulling system prototype is built, after-annealing technique is improved for eliminating distortion, and technologies are developed for continuous feeding of raw materials. In the quality examination of ribbon crystal substrates, a method is tested and studied for bringing about a decrease in the number of SiC grains. The object of the plant operation study is a plant capable of producing 250kW-equivalent ribbon crystals a year, and the efforts involve the ribbon pulling system, rough cutter, real-size cutter, etching unit, shape checker, packing, devices for production lines such as warehouses for products, electric power, gas, water, peripheral equipment for waste water treatment etc., ribbon specifications check, quality related assistance equipment to deal with unacceptable products etc., pollution-preventing facilities for the preservation of production environments, and plant buildings. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Tandem type solar cells are developed, in which solar cells with different band gaps are stacked for effectively utilizing optical energy across the entire range of solar spectrum. A material gas supply control device for multiple epitaxial growth was added to a large-area GaAs film epitaxial growth unit, and a film thickness homogeneity of {+-}1% was achieved. A GaInP epitaxial layer fabricated in the same way was also enhanced in homogeneity. A low-carrier concentration layer was inserted into the top cell GaInP p-n junction for the construction of a p-i-n structure, and this improved on the short-circuit current. Furthermore, a p-p-i-n structure was constructed having two emitter layers, and this improved on spectral sensitivity for the achievement of a conversion efficiency of 13.6%. Studies were conducted about the tunnel junction which plays an important role in the stacking of cells, and the tunnel peak current was increased to 7.41A/cm{sup 2}. Fabrication is now under way of a GaInP/GaAs stacked cell, which is expected to exhibit a conversion efficiency of 25% or higher. In the case of a GaInAs cell to serve as the bottom cell, a conversion efficiency of 5.1% was achieved. Consequently, it is safely expected that a 3-junction stack of GaInP/GaAs//GaInAs will exhibit a conversion efficiency of 30% or higher. (NEDO)

Development of technology for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells for practical use. Survey on analysis for practical use; Usugata takessho taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on the manufacturing technology trend of thin substrate solar cells for practical use in fiscal 1994. In production of Si raw material, as electron beam melting and ingot production are combined, C, P, Ca and Al are removed by evaporation, while Fe and Ti by solidifying segregation. As the basic technology of continuous casting for substrate production, a drop coagulation method for Si melt is under investigation which is more advantageous in unidirectional solidification and cell conversion efficiency than conventional methods. The cost and future of single crystal Si and polycrystal Si were compared on the basis of document survey. Every institute commonly uses FZ substrates to produce single crystal Si cells, and SiO2 for surface passivation. New cell structure, hetero-structure, thin cell, crystalline defect and lifetime are under investigation for ultrahigh-efficiency solar cells. The technology trend was also surveyed through academic societies and conferences. 5 tabs.

Estimation of the charge quantity from solar cell to battery; Taiyo denchi ni yoru chikudenchi eno juden yosoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsutsumi, K; Nishitani, M [Daiichi University, College of Technology, Kagoshima (Japan)

1996-10-27

In performing an experiment of running a small electric vehicle by installing solar cells in it and by charging the storage battery at a specific voltage, an estimation was made on the charge quantity to the battery for each solar altitude and inclination of a module at different hours. The solar altitude was determined at Daiichi University, College of Technology, according to the month and the time of day from a formula using day-declination and time equation of a chronological table of science. The quantity of global solar radiation was determined by resolving the solar radiation into its direct and diffuse components on the basis of the extra-terrestrial solar radiation quantity with the change in radius vector taken into consideration; and then, the global solar radiation on the inclined face was obtained from the angle of inclination and incidence. On the roof of a Daiichi University building, solar cell modules were installed facing north and south at 0{degree}, 30{degree}, 45{degree}, 60{degree} and 90{degree} each, so that a short-circuit current was measured for each differently inclined angle. As a result of the experiment, shown in an regression formula is a relation between the temperature conversion value of the maximum output of the solar cell at the standard temperature of 25{degree}C and the quantity of solar radiation on the inclined surface. Consequently, it enabled the prediction of a charging quantity, in the case of running a small vehicle with solar cells installed, from the quantity of solar radiation on the inclined surface in the clear weather. 2 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development. Research and development of solar energy technologies (Research and development of SnO{sub 2} solar cells); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. SnO{sub 2} taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

The aim is to establish the technology of manufacturing SnO{sub 2}/nSi solar cells using a low-temperature deposition method and thereby to reduce the cost. A 5cm-diameter wafer is subjected to a batch process, and a large-area, uniform-quality SnO{sub 2} film is obtained. A conversion efficiency of 13.7% is achieved for a single-crystal 9cm{sup 2} cell. As for the conditions of electrode formation, conventional methods are applied for bonding metals, which are Sn, Ni, Zn, etc., for the surface electrode and rear electrode. Vapor deposition is found to be the most excellent. Since it is known that ohmic characteristics improve when Cr is inserted as the base for the surface electrode rear electrodes, it is anticipated that a contact resistance value not inferior to that by vapor deposition will be achieved once the method of Cr bonding, whether by printing or plating, is established. An n-type low-cost polycrystalline Si substrate is subjected to etching under the optimum conditions, and a conversion efficiency of 9.6% is achieved for a 0.5cm{sup 2} cell. An SnO{sub 2} film is formed on a uneven surface for a reduction in the single-crystal cost, when characteristics better than those of a wafer manufactured by surface polishing are realized. Experimentally produced cells are evaluated using a solar simulator, and the result indicates that the electrode forming conditions influence conversion efficiency a great deal. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Efforts are made to develop a GaInP/GaAs-based compound semiconductor solar cell built on an Si substrate, the Si substrate being lower in cost, higher in mechanical strength, lighter in weight, and higher in heat conductivity than a GaAs or Ge substrate. Fiscal 1999 studies involved improvement on GaAs/Si heteroepitaxial growth and the evaluation of crystallinity in thus grown layers, improvement on cell characteristics, fabrication and evaluation of an n{sup +}/p structure cell, and so forth. As for crystal growing technologies, a 980 degree C 5-heat-cycle annealing method was applied, and the density of dislocation was reduced to 5 times 10{sup 6}cm{sup -2}. In the fabrication of cells, an n{sup +}/p structure cell was studied, and the cell achieved 12.5mAcm{sup -2} in short-circuit photoelectric current over 9mAcm{sup -2} of the conventional p{sup +}/n structure GaInP cell. Without any special effort to optimize the structure, a GaInP/GaAs layer-built cell on a GaAs substrate achieved 23.7% in conversion efficiency. When it is taken into consideration that conversion efficiency on an Si substrate is approximately 80% of what is achieved on a GaAs substrate, it is deemed that the achievement of 23.7% suggests that near 20% in conversion efficiency may become available on an Si substrate. (NEDO)

On practicality of a hybrid car with solar cells; Taiyo denchi wo tosaishita hybrid car no jitsuyosei ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, K; Nagayoshi, H; Kamisako, K [Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

The paper stated a development of a hybrid car which is a parallel type with gasoline engine and electric motor as driving source (connecting each according to the situation) and is also equipped with solar cells. Specifications are gasoline engine of 1200cc, induction motor of 5.5kW, lead battery of 288V and 7.2kWh, monocrystal silicon solar cells of 180W maximum output, and body weight of 1100kg. The rear wheel is driven by electric motor, and the front wheel by gasoline engine. The car is loaded with battery charge use solar cells on hood and roof. To enhance cleaning degree, 1.6kW solar cells are installed as an installed power system and used for battery charge. Even by an electric motor with output less than that of the usual electric car, harmful exhaust gas emitted in start-up can be controlled. This is because the electric motor can be used in accelerating. It was confirmed that the power required for it could be supplied by solar cells installed on the car. The hybrid car is practically useful for prevention of local air pollution. 5 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Influence of angle of inclination on power of solar module; Taiyo denchi module no keisha kakudo to shutsuryoku tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsutsumi, K.; Nishitani, M. [Dai Ichi University, College of Technology, Kagoshima (Japan)

1997-11-25

Experiment/study were conducted on the influence of angle of inclination on output of solar modules. In the experiment, changing the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic module installed on the top of school building to 0, 30, 60 and 90 degC, the global radiation on an inclined surface was measured by pyranometer equipped with the module, and at the same time output characteristics were measured by I-V curve tracer. In the I-V curve tracer, voltage, current, and output capability diagram are illustrated automatically changing bias voltage to get the maximum output. The global radiation on an inclined surface and the maximum output indicated an almost proportional relation and were expressed in a recursion method. Moreover, measurement of the global radiation is usually conducted using the amount of global radiation on a horizontal surface, and the global radiation on an inclined surface is calculated as a sum of the direct solar radiation amount and the sky solar radiation amount after determining a penetration rate by the relational equation. By calculating the global radiation on an inclined surface, it becomes possible to calculate the maximum output of photovoltaic modules by this recursion method. 1 ref., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Research and development of fast-acting innovative energy-environment technology (Development of fast-acting high-efficiency solar cell technology - Development of high-quality ingot manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo shin energy sangyo gijutsu sogo kaihatsu kiko itaku kenkyu gyomu seika hokokusho. Sokkoteki kakushinteki energy kankyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu (Sokkogata kokoritsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu - Kohinshitsu ingot seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was conducted of a technology for manufacturing an ultrathin polycrystalline silicon solar cell capable of efficiency enhancement and cost reduction earlier than the types of polycrystalline solar cells now available on the market. In this fiscal year, a silicon melt/solidification experimenting apparatus was built for manufacturing high-quality silicon ingots. Using an apparatus with its performance similar to the newly built one, a preliminary experiment was conducted involving high-purity silicon ingot manufacturing. In the experiment, boron was added to 75 kg of silicon for semiconductor devices so that its resistivity may be 0.5 ohm-cm. The silicon was melted in a quartz mold, and then subjected to unidirectional coagulation at 0.13 mm/min that started at the bottom to proceed upward. The result was a silicon ingot 44 cm times 44 cm times 17 cm (height). The ingot thus obtained exhibited 0.4-0.8 ohm-cm in resistivity distribution. Solar cells produced from the ingot showed a conversion rate of 16.9%. (NEDO)

Achievement report on Sunshine Program research and development for fiscal 1981. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of integrated type amorphous solar cells); 1981 nendo amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shusekigata amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

An a-SiC (amorphous SiC) material with a wider band gap adds to the conventional hydrogen- and fluorine-based a-Si materials in the study for device efficiency enhancement, and the a-SiC is found suitable as a wide-gap window material. The separated formation technique is found to work effectively for improvement on cell characteristics because it prevents the mixing of impurities of different types. A p-i-n (positive-intrinsic-negative) type amorphous solar cell is subjected to analysis, and a theoretical efficiency of 12.5% is obtained in photoelectric conversion. A conversion efficiency not less than 7% is obtained from an ITO (indium-tin oxide)/p(SiC)-i-n/Al cell on a glass substrate. Design is optimized for area enlargement for an integrated type device, which results in an experimental 10cm-square integrated type solar cell with a conversion efficiency of not less than 5%. As for modularization, a glass substrate for integrated type device is used, as is, as a light-receiving surface protecting board, and studies are conducted thereon. It is then found that the amorphous solar cell experiences some degradation in reliability at the beginning of an irradiation test but that no extensive degradation in reliability is observed even after the passage of 1,000 hours from the beginning of the test. The separated formation technique is found suitable for use in mass production. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of technologies to manufacture ultra-high efficiency crystalline compound solar cells; 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development has been performed on laminated cells comprising of GaInP/GaAs//GaInAs using poly-element compound semiconductors. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In developing the technology to manufacture large-area ultra-high efficiency cells, fabrication of 5-cm square GaAs cells was worked on, and a conversion efficiency of 24.7%, which is equivalent or better than that for 1-cm square cell, was achieved by using the epitaxial growth temperature for the GaAs cell structure of 600 degrees C, by adopting the p-on-p structure and by making the electrode thicker by using the plating method. Furthermore, trial fabrication was performed on 5-cm square cells also on GaInAs as the bottom cell. A conversion efficiency of 4.6% was obtained in a 5-cm square cell as a result of high level homogenization of film thickness and composition by optimizing the gas flow in growing GaInAs onto an InP substrate, and using a growth temperature of 550 degrees C. In developing the technology to form GaInP/GaAs laminated cells, discussions were given by using 5-mm square cells on especially improving the GaInP crystallinity and reducing the series resistance in the window layer. GaInP/GaAs-2 bonded lamination cells were fabricated, whereas a conversion efficiency of 19.63% was obtained without using a reflection preventing film. (NEDO)

Development of technology for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells for practical use. Development of manufacturing technologies for low-cost substrates (low-cost Si sheets by continuous casting method); Usugata takessho taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Tei cost kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (renzoku cast ho ni yoru tei cost Si kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on manufacturing of low-cost Si substrates by continuous casting method in fiscal 1994. (1) On manufacturing of ingots of 16 piece size, the ingot of nearly 170kg was manufactured by batch process using the Si melt injection unit prepared in last year. (2) On oxygen and carbon contents in wafers, the contents were measured by FT-IR after slicing of the ingot. As a result, the oxygen and carbon contents could be successfully reduced to the targets of 10ppma and 5ppma or less, respectively. (3) The resistivity distribution of the ingot ranged over the target of 1-2ohm-cm. (4) Cells of 100 {times} 100mm{sup 2} wide and 350{mu}m thick were verified by in-house evaluation process. Although lower cell conversion efficiency was found at the center top of the ingot, a vertical efficiency stability was nearly sufficient as a whole. (5) On the crystal growth unit prepared in fiscal 1994, any problems were not found on automatic driving and vibration during moving. 8 figs.

Influence of spectral solar radiation to the generating power of photovoltaic module; Taiyo denchi shutsuryoku eno taiyoko supekutoru eno eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minaki, S.; Ishihara, Y.; Todaka, T.; Harada, K. [Doshisha University, Kyoto (Japan); Oshiro, T.; Nakamura, H. [Japan quality Assurance Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

As to the influence of spectral solar radiation to generating power of solar cells, a study was conducted from the aspects of season, time zone, intensity of solar radiation, etc. In the study, spectral responsive variation correction coefficients were introduced as evaluation values expressing the influence of spectral solar radiation. For the spectral distribution, an all sky spectral pyranometer by wavelength was used, and data were used which were obtained in the measurement in experimental facilities of the solar techno center. Concerning solar cell relative spectral sensitivity values, used were relative spectral sensitivity values of monocrystal and amorphous standard solar cells to the short-circuit current. Spectral response variation correction coefficients are coefficients correcting variations in conversion efficiency of solar cells due to changes in the spectral distribution. The changes of spectral responsive variation correction coefficients were studied using data obtained during April 1994 and March 1996. As a result, it was found that the coefficients showed large changes in summer and small ones in winter and that amorphous solar cells indicate this trend conspicuously. 3 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Indirect solar-pumped laser diode using a solar cell; Taiyo denchi wo mochiita taiyoko kansetsu reikigata handotai laser no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanamori, Y.; Yugami, H.; Naito, H.; Arashi, H. [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-27

This paper describes the operating characteristics of a stabilizing circuit using commercial electricity, those of a stabilizing circuit using solar cells, relation between the quantity of solar radiation and the maximum output of a semiconductor laser diode (LD), and simulation results of annual LD output in Sendai City. The stabilizing circuit for the solar-cell driven LD was structured such that the output of the solar cell panels was guided to a DC/DC converter, that the voltage was set at a prescribed value and that the current was stabilized with the use of power MOSFET. The solar cells used in the experiment were monocrystal silicone solar cells with the maximum output of 53W each. In the experiment, the LD was protected by stabilizing the current at a set value when an excess current was supplied to the stabilizing circuit. As a result of the simulation of the annual LD output from the meteorological data of Sendai City, it was predicted that a solar cell of approximately 1kW was able to provide an annual output of 102MJ and that the efficiency was highest with four sheets of the solar cell. Consequently, consistency proved to be essential between the LD and the solar cell output. 3 refs., 7 figs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of evaluation systems for photovoltaic cells and modules; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of the evaluation system for solar cells in fiscal 1994. (1) On development of the performance evaluation method for solar cells, data collection, analysis and measurement of atmospheric conditions necessary for outdoor measurement were carried out to improve the measurement accuracy of laminated solar cells. The validity of measurement methods was verified by comparing experimental results with outdoor measurement ones to improve the indoor measurement accuracy by multiple light source solar simulator. Generated energy in solar cell module level was also studied in field. (2) On development of the reliability evaluation method for solar cells, deterioration data were collected and analyzed by long-term exposure test. As a result, it was clarified that Pmax values are directly affected by seasonal change in air mass, and deterioration of solar cells is hardly found after exposure test for one year, showing a stable state. The characteristic recovery experiment of amorphous solar cell modules was carried out, and the accelerated deterioration test method of thin film cell modules was also studied. 2 figs.

Research and development of evaluation system for photovoltaic power generation system. Survey on research and development of solar cell evaluation system; Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the survey results on R and D of solar cell evaluation systems in fiscal 1994. The performance/reliability evaluation subcommittee continuously analyzed technical issues and discussed solution measures from the last fiscal year. On development of performance evaluation methods, improvement of measurement accuracy for laminated solar cells is the study issue to be solved. Although laminated solar cells are measured by multiple light source solar simulator, difficult spectrum compensation causes measurement errors. Collection and analysis of data for determining atmospheric conditions, and outdoor measurement experiment under the atmospheric conditions for reference solar light were carried out. The study on incident angle characteristics of laminated solar cells clarified that the deviation from COS characteristics is 1.0% or less at an incident angle of 30{degree}. The study on generated energy in solar cell module level in field clarified that generated energy and generation efficiency are proportional to intensity of solar radiation. 1 tab.

Research on fabrication technology for thin film solar cells for practical use. Research on low-cost fabrication technology for large-area modules (Over-layered TCO on tempered glass for solar cell); Usumaku taiyo denchi seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kenkyu. Daimenseki module no tei cost seizo gijutsu (kyoka class fukugo tomei doden kiban seizo no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on the fabrication technology of over-layered TCO on tempered glass in fiscal 1994. (1) On the fabrication technology of heat-resistant over-layered TCO, thermal deformation of TCO substrates was studied by both experiment and numerical computation. The thermal deformation increased with carrier concentration. As the observation result on change in lattice strain of heated TCO films by high-temperature X-ray diffraction, lattice strain was largely affected by thermal expansion. (2) On development of the low-temperature heat treatment method of TCO films, a technological prospect was obtained for fabrication of low-resistance TCO films by heat treatment without strength deterioration of tempered TCO substrates. (3) On development of cost reduction technology, the large-area CVD equipment was devised on the basis of the inline tempering method which tempers substrate glass by air cooling after formation of SnO2 film as fabrication method of tempered TCO. The TCO substrate tempered by air cooling could endure the drop test of 227g and 1.5m. 5 figs., 1 tab.

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on development of technologies for practical photovoltaic system under New Sunshine Program. Manufacture of thin-film solar cell and of low-cost/large-area module (Formation of low-temperature film); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usukau taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (teion maku keisei gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A polycrystalline Si thin film formation technology is developed, which uses the flux process in which a reaction occurs between the target crystal and a flux component which is eutectic. Using this process, a crystal grain relatively large in diameter is obtained at a relatively low temperature. This method is now attracting attention as one of the technologies for producing crystalline Si film for use in thin-film polycrystalline Si solar cells. Especially when Al is used for flux, since Al is automatically doped into the target crystalline Si film, it is expected that the resulting film will serve as the ground for a photoactive layer provided with the BSF (back surface field) function which is important for the improvement of solar cell efficiency. A polycrystalline Si thin film is formed on a 2cm times 2cm-large glass substrate at a temperature not higher than 600 degrees C. It is recognized that films selectively oriented towards the (111) or (100) plane are acquired when other processes are employed. It is expected that the said Al-doped film provides a ground on which a BSF function-provided photoactive layer will be formed. (NEDO)

Temperature dependence of the early degradation in a-Si solar cells; Amorphous Si taiyo denchi no shoki rekka no ondo izonsei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahisa, K; Kojima, T; Nakamura, K; Koyanagi, T; Yanagisawa, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-11-25

Discussions were given on early degradation in up to about ten minutes in amorphous silicon solar cells. The experiment has used a model cell of single junction layer for power use with a Glass/ITO/P-i-n:a-Si/Al structure. Test samples were annealed at 130 degC for 30 minutes to eliminate hysteresis of degradation during storage. Xenon was used as an irradiation light source, and the temperatures were varied from 0 to 100 degC and the measurement time was set to 0.1 to 500 minutes. The result of the experiment may be summarized as follows: with regard to time-based degradation pattern for conversion efficiency, the tilt of a pattern to express degradation rate varies with temperature conditions, and changes in 10 to 20 minutes of light irradiation as a boundary; in long-term degradation after 20 minutes, the higher the environmental temperature, the lower the degradation is suppressed, but the rate of initial degradation up to about 10 minutes is higher as the higher the temperature; and the degradation rate increases as the higher the temperature in the initial degradation of about 10 minutes, whereas, corresponding to this fact, it is estimated that a phenomenon is involved, in which carrier recombination defect may increase. 4 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Concentration characteristics and cell arrangement in luminescent concentrator PV modules; Keiko shukogata taiyo denchi module no cell haichi to shuko tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inamura, A [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan); Sakuta, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-11-25

A luminescent concentrator PV module requires no tracking equipment and can use scattered light. A mini PV module was prepared from a luminescent plate of 100times100times3mm, and a single-crystalline PV cell of 100times20mm. Characteristics of various prototype modules with different PV cell areas and cell arrangements were also measured. Four kinds of edge reflecting materials with different reflectances by various white coating were applied to Al sashes for module frames, and each sash was fixed on one edge of the luminescent plate. In experiment, 3 other edges were covered with black tapes to reduce each reflectance to 0%. Although PV module output was affected by reflectance of edges, the output was satisfactory at 90% or more in reflectance showing no difference in output. A concentrating efficiency decreased with an increase in luminescent plate (concentrator) area, while it was improved by cell arrangement with short optical pass length, and cell arrangement hardly affected by edge reflection. 4 refs., 7 figs.

Analysis of output characteristics of PV modules under natural sunlight; Shizen taiyokoka ni okeru taiyo denchi module shutsuryoku tokusei no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murai, Y.; Igari, S. [Japan Quality Assurance of Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

The paper measured current/voltage characteristics of various PV modules under natural light and analyzed various characteristics such as generated output and module power generation efficiency. In the experiment, installing various PV modules at the solar techno center located at north latitude 34.7deg and east longitude 137.6deg, measurement was made by I-V curve tracer, pyranometer, and thermocouple buried on the module back. As a result, the following were confirmed: As to the monthly mean power generation efficiency, the crystalline system is lowest in summer and highest in winter, and the amorphous system highest in summer and lowest in winter. Concerning the power generation efficiency and illuminance, the gap of power generation efficiency between at high illuminance and at low illuminance is large in the crystalline system and small in amorphous system. Relating to the azimuth angle of module installation and the generated output, the installation inclined 15deg angle west in summer and 15deg angle east in fall/winter generates more power in the crystalline system. On the contrary, the installation on the south face generates more power in the amorphous system. 4 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

Effect of PV module output power on module temperature; Taiyo denchi no shutsuryoku henka ga module hyomen ondo ni oyobosu eikyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hongo, T; Kitamura, A [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan); Igaki, K; Mizumoto, T [Kanden Kako Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan)

1996-10-27

Effect of the photovoltaic (PV) module output power variation on the module surface temperature has been investigated by field measurements. PV modules with capacity of 54 W were used for the temperature measurements. Three 2 kW-class PV systems were operated. T-type thermocouples were used for measuring temperatures. Measurement time intervals were 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 24 hours. Measurement period was between May 25, 1995 and June 25, 1996. The surface temperature increased during non-loaded PV output, and decreased during load-carrying PV output. Difference of the surface temperature between non-loaded PV output and load-carrying PV output was 3.5{degree}C at maximum through a year. The surface temperature was saturated within 30 minutes. When PV output was changed in 30 or 60 minutes interval, the variation of surface temperature was distinctly observed. When PV output was changed in 15 minutes interval, it was not observed distinctly. There was no difference of the surface temperatures during the time zones with less solar radiation, such as in the morning and evening, and at night. Except these time zones, difference of the surface temperatures was 3.5{degree}C at maximum. 4 figs.

Control method for light deterioration of amorphous solar cell. Temperature effect method; Amorphous taiyo denchi no hikari rekka yokuseiho. Ondo kokaho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, H.; Yokoyama, S.; Itsumi, J. [Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Kumamoto (Japan)

1996-10-27

This paper describes a proposed method for suppressing light deterioration (temperature effect method), in which an annealing effect was always expected by laminating an NEM element and a heat insulation material on the back side of a-Si solar cell module and thereby raising the temperature in the back side of the module, and also describes an outdoor exposure test device completed for the method. The NEM element consisted of conductive potassium titanate and high molecular polymer and was a self temperature-controlling organic exothermic body that required no outside temperature control device. It was provided with a heat generating temperature of 45-75{degree}C as the exothermic property of the element and capable of generating heating temperature arbitrarily according to the purpose. The NEM element varied a resistance value against the ambient temperature and kept the element temperature constant. Measurement was commenced starting April 19, 1996, using the completed outdoor exposure test device and a measuring circuit. The deterioration phenomenon was and from then on continuously examined under the following conditions: (1) measurements were those of clear days only, and (2) measurements to be used were those between 10:00 and 14:00 with the quantity of solar radiation on a constant level. 4 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Development of measurement device for evaluation of solar cell module output. 2; Taiyo denchi module shutsuryoku hyokayo sokuteiki no kaihatsu. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minoda, M.; Itsumi, J. [Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Kumamoto (Japan)

1996-10-27

Enhancement in design efficiency may be attained as well as utilization in maintenance if on-the-spot data is made available, for the purpose of flexibly dealing with changes in design or matching with a house structure, in calculating the power generation output of a solar cell (PV) module. Under the circumstances, a small-sized compound measuring device was produced as a prototype which, using an I-V curve tracer, measured output and condition of a roof at the time of installation, compared with the optimum operation and predicted the power generation. The device was structured with the main body consisting of a computing part, measurement controller and power supply and with various sensor modules. The electron load control method was employed in order to measure I-V characteristics of the PV module, since it was desirable to use a variable load and to cover the range from the release voltage of a solar cell to the short-circuit state through the maximum output point. The reference module method was used for the system evaluation. The device was presumably applicable to a PV system design by incorporating a sensor module for measuring design environment data, which was essential at the time of a system design, in addition to those for measuring output. 9 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

28th Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 3rd Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1990; Dai 28 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 3 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai. 1980 nendo hokoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-05-14

The above events took place in Tokyo in the period May 14-17, 1991, when a total of 89 essays were presented. In relation with the thin film/a-Si systems, 55 presentations were given, which were 'Novel preparation technique termed Chemical Annealing for making a-Si:H with a rigid and stable Si-network,' 'Interface characteristics of a-Si:H films prepared by VHF (very high frequency) plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition),' 'Preparation of amorphous superlattices by continuous method and characterization of the interface,' etc. In relation with the thin film/compound systems, 8 presentations were given, which were 'Preparation of CuInSe{sub 2} solar cells by selenization method,' 'Deposition of CuInSe{sub 2} films by ICB (ionized cluster beam) technique and their optical characterization,' 'Large-area CdS/CdTe solar cells,' etc. In relation with the crystal/compound systems, 8 presentations were given, which were 'Lattice strain relaxation processes in GaAs grown on Si,' 'Optical transmission studies of tandem solar cells,' etc. In relation with the crystal/Si systems, 18 presentations were given, which were 'Effect of electric field on effective minority carrier lifetime,' 'Computer analysis of surface recombination velocity for high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells,' etc. (NEDO)

31st Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 6th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1993; Dai 31 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 6 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai (1993 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-04-25

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 25-28, 1994, when a total of 71 presentations were given on research achievements. Presented in the session on thin film systems were 21 essays concerning the low cost manufacturing technology of low-area modules, development of film substrate a-Si solar cells, etc. Discussed at the symposium were the 'Autonomous development of photovoltaic power generation' and 'Practical application and research and development.' Presented in the session on crystalline Si systems were 17 essays concerning real-time observation of epitaxial growth using STM (scanning tunneling microscope), research on single crystal silicon manufacturing technology, etc. Discussed in the session on international cooperation was 'How international joint research should be.' Presented in the session on systems were 11 essays including the research and development of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials. Presented in the session on III-V group systems were 7 essays including the development of crystallized compound solar cell technology. Presented in the session on chalcopyrite II-VI group systems were 9 essays including the development of large area CdS/CdTe solar cell. (NEDO)

28th Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 3rd Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1990; Dai 28 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 3 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai. 1980 nendo hokoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-05-14

The above events took place in Tokyo in the period May 14-17, 1991, when a total of 89 essays were presented. In relation with the thin film/a-Si systems, 55 presentations were given, which were 'Novel preparation technique termed Chemical Annealing for making a-Si:H with a rigid and stable Si-network,' 'Interface characteristics of a-Si:H films prepared by VHF (very high frequency) plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition),' 'Preparation of amorphous superlattices by continuous method and characterization of the interface,' etc. In relation with the thin film/compound systems, 8 presentations were given, which were 'Preparation of CuInSe{sub 2} solar cells by selenization method,' 'Deposition of CuInSe{sub 2} films by ICB (ionized cluster beam) technique and their optical characterization,' 'Large-area CdS/CdTe solar cells,' etc. In relation with the crystal/compound systems, 8 presentations were given, which were 'Lattice strain relaxation processes in GaAs grown on Si,' 'Optical transmission studies of tandem solar cells,' etc. In relation with the crystal/Si systems, 18 presentations were given, which were 'Effect of electric field on effective minority carrier lifetime,' 'Computer analysis of surface recombination velocity for high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells,' etc. (NEDO)

29th Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 4th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. (Report for fiscal 1991); Dai 29 kai taiyo energy suisuin iinkai dai 4 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai. 1991 nendo hokoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-04-21

The above-named events took place in Tokyo in the period of April 21-24, 1992, and a total of 55 essays were presented. Presented in the session of the thin-film/a-Si systems were 27 essays, which were 'Light-induced degradation and its mechanism in a-Si:H and its multilayers,' 'Light-induced ESR (electron spin resonance) in a-Si{sub 1-x}N{sub x}:H,' 'Distribution of hydrogen surrounding light-induced defects,' 'Equilibration temperature and hydrogen diffusion in a-Si:H,' etc. Presented in the session of the thin-film compound systems were 6 essays, which were 'Local structure studies of CuInSe{sub 2} thin films,' 'Characterization of CuInSe{sub 2} bilayer films fabricated by ICB (ionized cluster beam) techniques,' etc. Presented in the session of the crystal compound systems were 7 essays, which were 'heteroepitaxy of In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}As/GaAs,' 'cell efficiency calculation for optimization of cell structure,' etc. Presented in the session of the crystal/Si systems were 15 essays which were 'Preparation of textured AR film,' 'Development of amorphous/thin film polycrystalline silicon tandem cell,' 'Development of high efficiency polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells,' 'Production of SOG (spin on glass)-Si from metallic grade silicon,' etc. (NEDO)

29th Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 4th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. (Report for fiscal 1991); Dai 29 kai taiyo energy suisuin iinkai dai 4 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai. 1991 nendo hokoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-04-21

The above-named events took place in Tokyo in the period of April 21-24, 1992, and a total of 55 essays were presented. Presented in the session of the thin-film/a-Si systems were 27 essays, which were 'Light-induced degradation and its mechanism in a-Si:H and its multilayers,' 'Light-induced ESR (electron spin resonance) in a-Si{sub 1-x}N{sub x}:H,' 'Distribution of hydrogen surrounding light-induced defects,' 'Equilibration temperature and hydrogen diffusion in a-Si:H,' etc. Presented in the session of the thin-film compound systems were 6 essays, which were 'Local structure studies of CuInSe{sub 2} thin films,' 'Characterization of CuInSe{sub 2} bilayer films fabricated by ICB (ionized cluster beam) techniques,' etc. Presented in the session of the crystal compound systems were 7 essays, which were 'heteroepitaxy of In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}As/GaAs,' 'cell efficiency calculation for optimization of cell structure,' etc. Presented in the session of the crystal/Si systems were 15 essays which were 'Preparation of textured AR film,' 'Development of amorphous/thin film polycrystalline silicon tandem cell,' 'Development of high efficiency polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells,' 'Production of SOG (spin on glass)-Si from metallic grade silicon,' etc. (NEDO)

31st Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 6th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1993; Dai 31 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 6 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai (1993 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-04-25

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 25-28, 1994, when a total of 71 presentations were given on research achievements. Presented in the session on thin film systems were 21 essays concerning the low cost manufacturing technology of low-area modules, development of film substrate a-Si solar cells, etc. Discussed at the symposium were the 'Autonomous development of photovoltaic power generation' and 'Practical application and research and development.' Presented in the session on crystalline Si systems were 17 essays concerning real-time observation of epitaxial growth using STM (scanning tunneling microscope), research on single crystal silicon manufacturing technology, etc. Discussed in the session on international cooperation was 'How international joint research should be.' Presented in the session on systems were 11 essays including the research and development of photovoltaic modules integrated with construction materials. Presented in the session on III-V group systems were 7 essays including the development of crystallized compound solar cell technology. Presented in the session on chalcopyrite II-VI group systems were 9 essays including the development of large area CdS/CdTe solar cell. (NEDO)

32nd Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 7th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1994; Dai 32 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 7 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai (1994 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-04-24

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 24-27, 1995, when a total of 77 presentations were given on research achievements. In the session on thin type Si polycrystalline systems, 12 essays were presented concerning the thermodynamics of phosphorus and titanium in silicon, etc. In addition, a discussion was held on the 'Technological tasks remaining to be discharged toward industrialization.' In the session on thin film polycrystalline silicon systems, 5 essays were presented and 'Technological tasks related to thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell' was discussed. In the session on ultrahigh efficiency Si systems, 5 essays were presented and 'Tasks related to the development of ultrahigh frequency single crystal Si solar cell' was discussed. At the symposium, 'Adoption of new energy to be accelerated following the formulation of the New Energy Introduction Guidelines' and 'Outlook for thin film solar cell practical application' were taken up. Various essays were presented and a discussion was held in each of the other sessions on ultrahigh efficiency III-V group systems, thin film chalcopyrite/II-VI group systems, international collaboration, matters related to systems, and thin film a-Si systems. (NEDO)

32nd Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 7th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Report for fiscal 1994; Dai 32 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 7 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai (1994 nendo hokoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-04-24

The above-named events were convened in the period of April 24-27, 1995, when a total of 77 presentations were given on research achievements. In the session on thin type Si polycrystalline systems, 12 essays were presented concerning the thermodynamics of phosphorus and titanium in silicon, etc. In addition, a discussion was held on the 'Technological tasks remaining to be discharged toward industrialization.' In the session on thin film polycrystalline silicon systems, 5 essays were presented and 'Technological tasks related to thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell' was discussed. In the session on ultrahigh efficiency Si systems, 5 essays were presented and 'Tasks related to the development of ultrahigh frequency single crystal Si solar cell' was discussed. At the symposium, 'Adoption of new energy to be accelerated following the formulation of the New Energy Introduction Guidelines' and 'Outlook for thin film solar cell practical application' were taken up. Various essays were presented and a discussion was held in each of the other sessions on ultrahigh efficiency III-V group systems, thin film chalcopyrite/II-VI group systems, international collaboration, matters related to systems, and thin film a-Si systems. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technologies, and dessolution deposition process); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu (yokai sekishutsuho))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to manufacture low-cost large-area solar cell modules, developmental research has been performed on a film manufacturing technology using the dessolution deposition process. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The research has been performed on a technology to form a thin silicon film directly on carbon substrates being substrates of different kinds, without using seed crystals. The researches made up to the previous fiscal year has made possible to form the film onto a substrate of about 5-cm square, has fabricated cells although with a small area, and indicated the importance of reducing concentrations of impurities in the solvent metals used. The researches performed during the current fiscal year executed modifications to reduce the temperature distribution in the substrate surfaces, including size increase in the heater, and improvement in the cooling heat conduction mechanism. As a result, films were formed successfully on 7.5-cm square substrates. In reducing the process temperatures, it was made clear that films can be formed at lower than 700 degrees C by using zinc as a solvent metal. Furthermore, the purity enhancement in the solvent metal achieved a conversion efficiency of 11.6% although the area is as small as 3.73 cm{sup 2}. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology - Dissolution/deposition method); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (yokai sekishutsuho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The aim is to manufacture the above at low cost by a dissolution/deposition method. Under this method, a film is fabricated containing crystals high in quality and large in size though the film area is very small. In fiscal 1998, an effort to fabricate a film to cover a 10cm square substrate failed. The failure is explained by that the heater was too small for the substrate area and that the failure to uniformly heat the substrate resulted in an inplane temperature distribution greater than expected. The furnace was modified in a minor way to narrow substrate temperature distribution as much as possible. Another attempt was made to fabricate a larger-area film on a 5cm square substrate, and then crystals grew to cover approximately the whole surface of the 5cm square substrate. Efforts will continue to achieve the goal. As for the mechanism of film fabrication on substrates of different kinds, self-coating is now described by difference in heat conductivity between a carbon substrate and silicon substrate. Thanks to individual control in a small film fabricating unit, a film thickness of approximately 100 micrometers was achieved. The distance of diffusion was 30 micrometers or more in the case of a small area, and the efficiency of a solar cell using this film was found at 10.2%. (NEDO)

Development of practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems in fiscal 1997. Development of technologies to manufacture thin film solar cells, development of technologies to manufacture low-cost large-area modules (dissolution and deposition process); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (yokai sekishutsuho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Research and development was performed by noticing on the plasma spraying method as a process that can manufacture thin poly-crystalline silicon films at a high speed. Fiscal 1997 has established a technology that can form a silicon film directly without using seed crystals in an area of 2-cm square on a carbon supported substrate by using a small film manufacturing equipment using the dissolution and deposition process. The size of the crystal is as very large as several hundred {mu}m, by which a possibility of making high-performance solar cells was verified. Discussions were given to apply this technology to large-area substrates, whereas a device was developed, which is capable of forming a film in an area corresponding to 10-cm square. According to a film forming experiment using this device, the film has begun being formed on part of a 10-cm square substrate, verifying the effectiveness of this method. While the film thickness is about 100 {mu}m, it was confirmed that the crystal size will not change even if the thickness is made mechanically as thin as about 50 {mu}m. Further discussions were given on enhancement of wettability by means of coating, and light enclosing structure. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of material/substrate manufacturing technology - Development of high-quality amorphous material/substrate manufacturing technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (kohinshitsu amorphous kei zairyo kiban no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A microcrystalline Si thin film is used to form the i-layer of a narrow gap a-Si based thin film solar cell. Since a microcrystalline p-layer is to act as the seeding crystal layer for the microcrystalline i-layer, it has to be very high in crystallinity and therefore is produced under high hydrogen dilution conditions. In this process, a problem arises of the darkening of the underlying transparent SnO{sub 2} electrode. Since this is due to chemical reaction on the SnO{sub 2} surface layer, blackening is prevented by shortening the film fabrication time, and then an excellently microcrystalline p-layer is obtained. Furthermore, by inserting a microcrystalline i-film buffer layer of low fabrication rate into the p/i boundary, plasma damage on the microcrystalline p-layer is inhibited for the fabrication of a microcrystalline i-layer high in crystallinity at high film fabrication rates. A high Voc is then obtained even when the microcrystalline p-layer is very thin. If the hydrogen dilution rate is too low when the i-layer film fabrication rate is high, the initially fabricated layer turns out to be thick to the detriment of film performance. On the other hand, the p-layer or the buffer layer will be etched when the hydrogen dilution rate is too high. The problem is solved by continuously varying the hydrogen dilution rate from high to low during i-layer fabrication. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of immediately effective and innovative energy environment technology (Development of immediately effective and high-efficiency solar cell technology, development of high-quality ingot manufacturing technology, and development of high-efficiency cell making technology); 1999 nendo sokkoteki kakushinteki energy kankyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sokkogata kokoritsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu (kohinshitsu ingot seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / kohinshitsu cell ka gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development has been made on improving quality of ingots for substrates, manufacturing high-quality thin type substrates, and making high-efficiency cells. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In developing the high-quality ingot manufacturing technology, discussions were given on a method for assessing impurities and crystal defects by using the total reflection scattering type infrared tomography, and on the optimal solidifying and cooling conditions during the ingot manufacturing by using simulation calculation for solidification. As a result of analyses and discussions, such findings were found effective that the ingot should be solidified through making the solid-liquid interface shape flat, and the temperature falling rate in an ingot should be maintained constant. In developing the high-efficiency cell making technology, discussions were given on the optimal construction based on a simulation that assumes the light sealing structure using the RIE method, and on the optimal construction of polycrystalline silicon solar cells by using a device simulator (PCID). The important factors in achieving a conversion efficiency of 20% are the light sealing structure, surface passivation, and substrate thickness. (NEDO)

FY 1999 research and development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of technologies for fabrication of thin-film solar cells/materials and substrates (Development of technologies for fabrication of high-quality amorphous materials and substrates); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (kohinshitsu amorphous kei zairyo kiban no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The research and development project is implemented for the amorphous/microcrystalline solar cells with the thin microcrystalline silicon film as the i layer, and the FY 1999 results are reported. The fabrication technologies are investigated for the microcrystalline silicon solar cells of pin or nip structure by RF or VHF plasma CVD using SiH{sub 4} and H{sub 2} as the stock gases. The tests are conducted for evaluating characteristics of the thin microcrystalline silicon film, to investigate the effects of film-making pressure, power and hydrogen dilution rate on the characteristics at a constant film-making temperature of 180 degrees C. The researches on the fabrication technologies for the microcrystalline solar cell of pin structure confirm that use of VHF plasma CVD improves crystallinity, electrical and optical characteristics of the p-type thin microcrystalline silicon film. The researches on the fabrication technologies for the microcrystalline solar cell of nip structure covers transparent substrates, film-making speed of the p layer, power and substrates, and a conversion efficiency of 7.5% is realized by the solar cell formed on a texture substrate. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of amorphous solar cells on flexible film substrates); 1981 nendo amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kadosei film wo kiban to suru amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-31

Efforts will be made to reduce the cost, increase efficiency, and enlarge cell areas and, at the same time, to establish the foundation of a roll-up type solar cell manufacturing process which is required for the implementation of mass production. In an inverted pin/ITO (indium-tin oxide) hetero-face structure cell installed on a polymer film substrate, a conversion efficiency of 5.33% is achieved in the case of a solar cell whose n-layer is of the amorphous phase, and 6.36% in the case of a cell of the microcrystallized phase. A roll-up type glow discharge CVD (chemical vapor deposition) unit is designed and experimentally built, which is for the realization of large area cells. It is now duly expected that an undoped (i-type) a-Si:H film will be deposited to a thickness of approximately 5000A. As the result of a first-step screening conducted in search of amorphous solar cell sealing materials, some applicable plastic materials are selected. The future is bright of amorphous solar cells on polymer film substrates. (NEDO)

Control method for light deterioration of amorphous solar cell. 2. Temperature effect method; Amorphous taiyo denchi no hikari rekka yokuseiho. 2. Ondo kokaho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, H; Itsumi, J; Sano, N [Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Kumamoto (Japan)

1997-11-25

Experimental studies have been carried out on suppressing early deterioration in amorphous silicon solar cells. The amorphous silicon solar cell is characterized by deterioration due to light irradiation and restoration due to temperature rise. An exposure experiment was performed under three conditions: installation in natural environment, installation with rear side of the solar cells covered with an insulating material, and installation with rear side of the solar cells covered with warming elements and an insulating material. Tests were made on suppressing progress of the early deterioration caused by temperature conditions. As a result, the efficiency in the natural condition was found to decrease as largely as 32% in an open circuit condition and 58% in a short circuit condition. The efficiency reduction rate was smaller in the open circuit condition when the insulation material was installed, but in the short circuit condition, resistance characteristics caused by rain water and electrolytic corrosion were exhibited. For the case with warming elements installed, the reduction in the efficiency was more remarkable, contrary to the expectation. The cause was determined that water existing between the rear side and the warming elements was warmed up, accelerating the electrolytic action, and resulting in deterioration advanced over a wide area in the rear side. 6 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 Sunshine Program on development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Test production and verification of solar panels (Development of polycrystalline substrate process technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (takessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Studies are conducted to enlarge the diameter of polycrystalline Si castings and to develop a low-loss slicing method using silicon nitride powder as mold releasing agent. The apparatus for Czochralski's pulling process is improved and tested using SEG (selective epitaxial growth) Si, and now the casting of a 150mm-diameter ingot is feasible. Also, test production of a 94mm-square wafer as specified by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) is successfully carried out. Difficulties in separating the mold releasing agent from the crucible are solved by changing the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} power solution from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) to ethyl silicate. The design, manufacture, and installation of the important parts of the system for the mass production of castings are now complete. The crucible is designed to be movable relative to the heater section, and the molten Si is allowed to cool and solidify from the bottom upward. In relation with the development of low-cost wafer manufacturing technologies, low-loss slicing methods are studied. It is concluded that under the current circumstances a multi-blade saw is more promising than the multi-wire saw in view of the damaged slice rate, processing speed, operating cost, and maintainability. (NEDO)

The Electrolytic Effect on the Catalytic Degradation of Dye and Nitrate Ion by New Ceramic Beads of Natural Minerals and TiO2

Science.gov (United States)

Sata, Akiyoshi; Sakai, Takako; Goto, Yusuke; Ohta, Toshiyuki; Hayakawa, Katumitu

2007-05-01

We have developed a new hybrid ceramic material "Taiyo" as a water processing catalyst. The porous ceramic has a core-shell structure. It decolorized completely the dye solutions as well as the wastewater output after primary water processing by microorganism in a pig farm. This new material showed the acceleration of water purification by applying electric voltage. The degradation of dyes and pig urine output from the primary treatments was accelerated by applying voltage. Nitrate in underground water was also decomposed only by applying voltage, while it was not decomposed without voltage.

The Electrolytic Effect on the Catalytic Degradation of Dye and Nitrate Ion by New Ceramic Beads of Natural Minerals and TiO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sata, Akiyoshi; Sakai, Takako; Goto, Yusuke; Hayakawa, Katumitu; Ohta, Toshiyuki

2007-01-01

We have developed a new hybrid ceramic material 'Taiyo' as a water processing catalyst. The porous ceramic has a core-shell structure. It decolorized completely the dye solutions as well as the wastewater output after primary water processing by microorganism in a pig farm. This new material showed the acceleration of water purification by applying electric voltage. The degradation of dyes and pig urine output from the primary treatments was accelerated by applying voltage. Nitrate in underground water was also decomposed only by applying voltage, while it was not decomposed without voltage

Study on the best utilization of solar energy. Experimental study of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis using solar battery; Taiyo energy no yuko riyo ni kansuru kenkyu. Taiyo denchi riyosui denki bunkai suiso hassei field test

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawashima, Y; Murai, K; Nakai, T [Himeji Institute of Technology, Hyogo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Shortcomings of solar energy are that it is subject to weather and is not available in the nighttime. The weak points may be effectively made up for when solar energy collected on a fine day is stored in the form of hydrogen energy for recovery as required. In this report, power generated by solar cells is used for the electrolysis of water for the generation of hydrogen. The amounts of the thus-generated hydrogen and hydrogen energy are determined and, on the basis of the measured amount of insolation, the solar energy availability rate (hydrogen conversion performance) is calculated. The amount of hydrogen generated in fiscal 1996 is also calculated for every month. The hydrogen generation level is quite low in the TiO2 wet type solar cell, approximately 0.2% at most. The current efficiency is fairly high in hydrogen generation using electrolysis, which is approximately 96-97%. The efficiency is higher when several units of electrolyte are connected in series until the solar cell optimum voltage is attained. A linear relationship is found between the daily summation of insolation and the amount of hydrogen generated. 1 ref., 7 figs., 2 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program survey and research. Joint projects on solar energy between Japan and Australia, etc. (Japan-France technological cooperation on solar energy); 1981 nendo Nichigo nado taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. Nichifutsu taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

A curved-surface thermal power system just before completion is visited, located on the island of Corsica. Light is collected by a curved-surface mirror in which narrow flat-surface mirrors with their length matching the linear collector width are attached amphitheater-wise to a curved-surface foundation built of concrete, and a linear collector performs tracking along the focal line. Exchange of information and comparative study will be required concerning this system. As for passive use of heat, a flat-plate collector has reached a level of practical application at homes in the low-temperature domain. Sites related to long-term basic research and seawater desalination are also visited. As for collector in the high-temperature domain, a THEK (Thermo-Helio-Electricity Kilowatt) system which is a spherical mirror collector is on the initial stage of planning. It is important to compare various types of curved-surface systems for their merits and demerits. As for the production of solar cells for photovoltaic power generation, it is monopolized by the Photowatt Corporation, with most of the products to be exported for use as independent power sources. As for future development, the casting technique will be industrialized at the end of 1983, the ribbon type will come next, and the amorphous material will be farther in the future. The task is how to enhance technical cooperation in the future. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1991 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of high-efficiency solar cells (Research on low-temperature film formation technology); 1991 nendo kokoritsu taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Teion seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

For the establishment of a low-temperature formation technology for compound semiconductor polycrystalline thin film of CuInSe{sub 2}, research is conducted involving film formation and film quality evaluation using the ICB (ion cluster beam) method. In the research on the film formation, an In-excessive film is placed on a Cu-excessive CuInSe{sub 2} film using the ICB method for the formation of a two-layer film. Bulk CuInSe{sub 2} and thin-film polycrystalline CuInSe{sub 2} are evaluated using PL (photoluminescence) spectrums excited by YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) and Ar. In both bulk and thin film, it is suspected that clues are latent in the levels deeper than hitherto reported. A luminescent belt of 0.75eV is detected. Changes in film quality before and after oxygen annealing are verified using the YAG-excited and Ar-excited PL spectrums, and the result suggests the feasibility of tracking the process in which the effect of annealing propagates inward from the interfacial surface. Fe-added single-crystal CuInSe{sub 2} is investigated for the optical and photoelectrical effects of Fe impurities. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic system commercialization technology - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of low-cost/large area module manufacturing technology (Development of novel amorphous solar cell module manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Hakumaku taiyodenchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Tei cost dai menseki mojuru seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shingata amorufasu taiyo denchi mojuru no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was conducted for the development of amorphous solar cell modules for power generation, high in performance and low in production cost. In the effort to improve cell efficiency, experiments were conducted for enhancing bottom a-SiGe cell efficiency for the embodiment of an enhanced-efficiency multi-junction cell, for improving crystallinity in microcrystalline silicon through the application of VHF (very high frequency) plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition), for texturizing metal electrodes on a film substrate, and so forth. In the effort to increase the film fabrication rate, a VHF plasma CVD device was used for studying the effect of the discharge frequency on film deposition and quality, Vpp between the electrodes, and so forth. Studies about the high-throughput production technology centered on the film substrate solar cell process technology and the designing of an optimum geometrical pattern for SCAF (series-connection through apertures formed on film) cells. Production cost was estimated for the SCAF structure film substrate solar cell manufacturing process, and a production cost of 147.1 yen/W (in case of 100 MW/year production) was obtained as achievable under the currently available conditions. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic system commercialization technology - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of low-cost/large area module manufacturing technology (Development of novel amorphous solar cell module manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Hakumaku taiyodenchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Tei cost dai menseki mojuru seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shingata amorufasu taiyo denchi mojuru no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was conducted for the development of amorphous solar cell modules for power generation, high in performance and low in production cost. In the effort to develop high-performance solar cells, optimum device designs including an advanced light confinement structure or the like were studied, and a 25% reduction in the total power generation layer thickness and a 7% increase in efficiency in power generation were consistently achieved in an a-Si/a-SiGe solar cell. In the effort to develop low-cost process technologies, as the result of studies involving the optimization of high-speed film fabrication requirements such as hydrogen dilution and a high-speed/high-precision patterning method and the like, an initial conversion efficiency of 11.2% was attained, which was the world high for a 90 cm times 90 cm-large a-Si/a-SiGe solar cell. This being equivalent to a post-stabilization efficiency of 10%, the fiscal 2000 target was achieved. A solar cell module production cost assessment was performed based on the result, and a module cost of 133 yen/W (in case of 100 MW/year production) was realized, which again meant the achievement of the fiscal 2000 target. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology (Development of material/substrate manufacturing technology - Development of amorphous silicon-based high-quality material/substrate manufacturing technology); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - amorphous silicon kei kohinshitsu zairyo kiban no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The project aims to enhance the stability of amorphous solar cells. For elevating TCO (transparent conductive oxide) substrate transmittance to an ultrahigh level and for obtaining amorphous layers less to suffer photodegradation, efforts were made to develop substrate materials stable upon exposure to plasma and low in defect density. In the study of TCO, a high-transmittance glass substrate was employed and TCO was made thinner, and the specimen achieved transmittance of 91.3% or 6.3% over that of the conventional type. In the study of low reflection films, it was found that their transmittance came to be stable and remain so after 150 days after a weatherproof test. In the study for stability enhancement, optimization was carried out for a plasma resisting Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}-added ZnO film for the manufacture of a substrate material capable of properly behaving in a high-speed a-Si film fabrication process. Low-temperature film fabrication was studied to enable low-cost manufacturing, and it was learned that a 4 times 10{sup -4} ohm/cm low-resistance film was obtained by sputtering Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3}-added ZnO where magnetism was intensive at room temperature, that films excellent in crystallinity were obtained by the same method even at low temperatures, and so forth. (NEDO)

30th Solar Energy Promotion Committee Meeting - 5th Solar Cell Liaison Meeting. Combined report for fiscal 1989-1992; Dai 30 kai taiyo energy suishin iinkai dai 5 kai taiyo denchi renrakukai (1989-1992 nendo hokoku no matome)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-04-20

The above-named events were convened in Tokyo in the period of April 20-23, 1993, where a total of 51 presentations were given on research achievements. Presented in the session on a-Si systems were 22 essays concerning high quality manufacturing technology - high integration technology, large area manufacturing technology - large area a-Si tandem solar cell, highly reliable manufacturing technology - bilayer device, composite transparent conductive film - transparent conductive film with performance enhanced by compositing, etc. Presented in the session on chalcopyrite and II-VI group systems were 8 essays concerning amorphous/compound tandem cell manufacturing technology, research on compound semiconductor solar cell, etc. Presented in the session of III-V group systems were 6 essays concerning research on compound semiconductor solar cell - superlattice structure tandem cell, development of InGaP/Si tandem solar cell, etc. In the session of crystalline Si systems, 15 essays were presented concerning highly pure silicon manufacturing technology, highly pure substrate manufacturing technology, etc. (NEDO)

Dependence of open-circuit voltage of SnO2-nSi solar cells; SnO2-nSi taiyo denchi no sanka ondo menhoi izonsei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shinoda, S; Shimizu, A; Yano, K; Kasuga, M [Yamanashi University, Yamanashi (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-11-25

Although metal(or semiconductor)-semiconductor solar cells, SnO2-nSi solar cell for example, are superior in cost and efficiency, its barrier height and open-circuit voltage V(oc) are lower than those of p-n junctions. To improve these defects, study was made on the dependence of V(oc) on oxidation temperature and surface orientation using various solar cells prepared from (100)Si and (111)Si under various oxidation conditions. As a result, the density of surface states increases with a decrease in oxidation temperature of Si substrates, resulting in an increase in diode factor and V(oc). In this case, since oxide films are extremely thin and contribution of non-terminated bonds is large in the initial oxidation stage, the quantity of dangling bonds is larger in (100) plane than (111) plane, resulting in an increase in diode factor and V(oc). Since the surface energy level (the degree of electrons dominated by acceptor-like surface state from this level to the top of a valence band) of (100) Si is lower than that of (111) Si, the effective barrier height and V(oc) increase. 28 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1983 on Sunshine Program-entrusted survey and research. Cooperative project between Japan and Australia, etc., on solar energy technology (Cooperation between Japan and France on solar energy technology); 1983 nendo Nichigonado taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. Nichifutsu taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-01

This paper reports a survey on solar heat utilization technologies conducted in fiscal 1983 in accordance with a scientific cooperation agreement signed by the Japanese Government and the French Government. The survey was carried out by two employees with the solar technology development office of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization who were dispatched to France on a tour in the period March 13-24. Concerning the 'French Photovoltaic Program 1982-1986,' knowledge on the goal of the program, long-term research and development, and budgetary matters were obtained at the AFME (French Energy Management Agency) head office and its branches. Relations of AFME with EC (European Community) projects were clarified. The photovoltaic power system (50kW) of Nice Airport is one of the EC projects, and was built thanks to financial aids by EC and AFME. The power system is now in service as a power source for electronic equipment in the airport management building and for taxi lights installed on the ground. The CGE (Compagnie General d'Electricite) central laboratory and the Rhone Poulenc Specialites Chimique were visited, when information on the research and development of a ribbon crystal pulling process and solar-grade silicon was acquired. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system (development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells (surveys and researches on analyzing practical application )). Volume 1; 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

It is intended to identify and analyze quickly and accurately the technological trends inside and outside the country on thin film solar cells, to reflect the results effectively on research and development of practical application of the thin film solar cells for power use, and to aid the research on practical application of the technology to manufacture the thin film solar cells. This fiscal year introduced the new project of researching and developing the poly-crystal silicon-based thin film solar cells. Discussions were given on designing the solar cells, including setting of thickness of an active layer required to improve efficiency of the silicon-based thin film solar cells, the light confining technology, and surface passivation. Comparisons and discussions were given on the new amorphous/poly-crystal silicon thin film manufacturing method and the conventional plasma CVD process. A research development program was introduced for a super laboratory to aid establishing the practical application technology for the silicon-based thin film solar cells. Chalcopyrite compounds including CuInSe2, and CdTe have not shown deterioration even in a long-term outdoor exposure test, hence they are noted as materials for high-efficiency solar cells and studied actively. Although still small in area, the net conversion efficiency was found in the order of 17%. Technological development has started to search mass production processes and commercialization possibility in the future. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research, development, and survey of crystalline solar cell evaluation system); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (kesshokei taiyo denchi hyoka system no kenkyu kaihatsu chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the basic study of ultrahigh-efficiency cells, the technology of ribbon crystal growing is again attracting attention for shortage of Si material supply. The new technology and problems to solve for cost reduction for it are discussed. Concerning the bulk type crystalline Si which is a core material, recent trends are mentioned involving studies of basic substrate properties such as the photoabsorption coefficient and crystal defects for achieving higher efficiency, development of gettering and surface passivation technologies, enhancement of processing speeds, radiation concentration behavior, etc. Newly obtained findings about photodegradation are mentioned, and some remedial measures are described. Recent reports on the application of porous Si to solar cells are compiled. In connection with the development of low-cost quantity-production process technologies, a remarkable progress recently marked by polycrystalline Si solar cells is described. Furthermore, it is stated that new process technologies will be required in the fields of material refining, substrate manufacturing, and cell fabrication. A proposition is presented aiming at developing cell modules compatible with application systems and practicalizing modules that may be integrated with roofing materials. Reference is also made to surveys overseas. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology (Survey and research on practical application - Volume 1); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsauden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A 'Sub-committee for investigation of crystalline compound semiconductor solar cells' was established with the participation of experts from the industrial, bureaucratic, and academic circles to support the manufacture of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cells, and a survey was conducted about technical trends relating to III-V group compound solar cells. In the study of the trends and tasks of the state of the art technology, it is stated that the III-V group compound semiconductor multi-junction solar cell was steadily improving in efficiency, that the InGaP/GaAs 2-junction cell on a Ge substrate and InGaP/GaAs/Ge 3-junction cell in particular were moving toward mass production, and that the target for the 4-junction cell to achieve was 40% or higher in efficiency. For cost reduction, investigations were made into the heteroepitaxial technology, dimensional enlargement, mass production, raw material cost reduction, feasibility of the polycrystalline thin-film technology, light concentration, etc. For efficiency improvement, boundary layer control, structure designs, etc., were studied. Investigations were also conducted into nitride semiconductors, superlattice construction, etc., which related to new materials for thin films. TPV (thermophotovoltaic) power, etc., were reviewed for their practical application. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 international joint projects under New Sunshine Program. Surveys of bilateral cooperation and solar energy technology; 1993 nendo kokusai kyoryoku jigyo nikokukan kyoryoku taiyo energy gijutsu ni kakawaru gijutsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

Concerning bilateral projects, overseas surveys were conducted about Japan-Australian and Japan-US technical cooperation. Concerning technological development, information was collected at the Solar World Congress of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES), and information was collected and opinions were exchanged at the 15th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors. A survey was conducted of Russia's development of solar cells and of their performance evaluation, and an overseas survey was conducted of the development of spaceborne photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology. Surveys were conducted of international joint projects for the development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology in Europe and the US. Overseas surveys were conducted of international joint projects concerning the development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology, and a survey was conducted of the research and development of photovoltaic power generation in the US and of the state of introduction and diffusion of the same. A survey was also conducted of the state of element technology development for solar energy utilization in Europe. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 international joint projects under New Sunshine Program. Surveys of bilateral cooperation and solar energy technology; 1993 nendo kokusai kyoryoku jigyo nikokukan kyoryoku taiyo energy gijutsu ni kakawaru gijutsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

Concerning bilateral projects, overseas surveys were conducted about Japan-Australian and Japan-US technical cooperation. Concerning technological development, information was collected at the Solar World Congress of the International Solar Energy Society (ISES), and information was collected and opinions were exchanged at the 15th International Conference on Amorphous Semiconductors. A survey was conducted of Russia's development of solar cells and of their performance evaluation, and an overseas survey was conducted of the development of spaceborne photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology. Surveys were conducted of international joint projects for the development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology in Europe and the US. Overseas surveys were conducted of international joint projects concerning the development of photovoltaic power generation system practicalization technology, and a survey was conducted of the research and development of photovoltaic power generation in the US and of the state of introduction and diffusion of the same. A survey was also conducted of the state of element technology development for solar energy utilization in Europe. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic system commercialization technology - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of low-cost/large area module manufacturing technology (Development of high-reliability CdTe solar cell module manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Hakumaku taiyodenchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Tei cost dai menseki mojuru seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Koshinraisei CdTe taiyo denchi mojuru no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was conducted for reliable CdTe solar cell modules, large in area and high in efficiency. In the study of large-area CdS thin film fabrication, a conversion efficiency of 12.5-14.2% was achieved in a cell in a large-area substrate using a mist method-aided process of continuous CdS film fabrication. In the study of large-area CdTe thin film fabrication, the optimization was studied of the base-forming CdS film fabrication conditions and of the CdTe film fabrication conditions in a method using a CdTe powder processed by dry kneading, and a conversion efficiency peak was found to exist when the CdS film thickness was in the range of 700-900 angstrom. In the fabrication of large-area submodules, a large-area substrate was taken up, and TCO (transparent conducting oxide) film was fabricated by the mist method, CdTe film by the normal pressure CSS method, electrodes by the screen printing method, and CdTe film patterns by the blast method. As the result, a conversion efficiency of 11.0% was achieved. In a cost estimation for large-area CdTe solar cell modules, 140 yen/Wp (conversion efficiency: 11.0%, annual production: 100 MW) was obtained. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997. Technological development for practical application of a solar energy power generation system/development of technology to manufacture thin film solar cells (development of technology to manufacture materials and substrates (development of technology to manufacture high-quality amorphous materials and substrates)); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (kohinshitsu amorphous kei zairyo kiban no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

These technological developments are intended to develop technologies to manufacture with improved quality the silicon-based thin film solar cells. In order to analyze manufacturing conditions for micro crystal silicon thin films as the narrow-gap amorphous silicon-based films, films were manufactured in the vicinity of borders of amorphous/micro crystal silicon film manufacturing conditions. The present film manufacturing did not present effects of suppressing deterioration of hydrogen diluted light. In order to elucidate the light deterioration mechanism in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films and study the suppression thereof, discussions were given on impurities in the film, including oxygen. By using an ultra high vacuum plasma CVD having a thoroughgoing baking system, an oil-free exhaust mechanism, and a raw material gas refining mechanism, impurities were added to and removed from a reaction vessel, and an ultra-high purity Si:H film was manufactured, which has been removed of impurities from the raw material gas, resulting in reduction of O, C and N standing no comparison. According to the result of a light irradiation experiment on an ultra-high purity film obtained under an accelerated deteriorating condition by using a pulse laser, the model assuming the light induced defect and the pair of impure atoms has been denied. (NEDO)

Shunt and series resistance of photovoltaic module evaluated from the I-V curve; I-V tokusei kara hyokashita taiyo denchi no shunt teiko to chokuretsu teiko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asano, K; Kawamura, H; Yamanaka, S; Kawamura, H; Ono, H [Meijo University, Nagoya (Japan)

1997-11-25

With an objective of discussing I-V characteristics when a shadow has appeared on part of a photovoltaic module, evaluations were given as a first stage of the study on saturation current, shunt resistance and series resistance for the solar cell module. As a result of measuring change in amount of power generated in a sunny day with a shadow appearing over the solar cell module, reduction in power generation capability of about 23% was verified. In other words, the I-V characteristics of the solar cell module change largely because of existence of the shadow caused on the module. The I-V characteristics curve may be expressed and calculated as a function of the shunt resistance and series resistance. By curve-fitting measurement data for a case of changing insolation without existence of partial shadow, values of the shunt resistance and series resistance were derived. As a result, it was found that the calculations agree well with measurements. It was made also clear that each parameter shows temperature dependence. 6 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Study of installation of PV systems at campus; Campus ni okeru taiyoko hatsuden donyu ni kansuru kenkyu (taiyo denchi nomi wo secchishita baai no yobi kento)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsuboi, N.; Tanaka, H.; Okumiya, M. [Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan)

1997-11-25

In terms of energy consumption, environmentality and economical efficiency in the case of installing the photovoltaic power system on the rooftop of the university campus, a comparative study was conducted with other power generation systems. As objects to be comparatively studied, selected were the all-electric type centralized space heating/cooling system, cogeneration system, nighttime heat storage system and centralized system with solar cells installed. The panel area of the PV system is 10,000m{sup 2} on the rooftop and 7,000{sup 2} on the outer wall. About data on solar radiation, average values obtained in Nagoya were used. Assessment was made in terms of energy consumption amount at the time of operation, system COP, emission amounts of CO2, NOx and SOx at the time of manufacturing and operation, initial cost, running cost, etc. As a result of the study, an effect of reducing global warming gas was admitted in the PV system. However, the initial cost of the solar cell panel was high, and the life cycle cost of the PV system was lower than other systems. 1 ref., 7 figs., 3 tabs.

Method for estimation of the spectral distribution that influence electric power of PV module; Taiyo denchi shutsuryoku ni eikyo wo ataeru bunko nissha bunpu no suiteiho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamagami, Y.; Tani, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

A method was proposed for estimating the spectral distribution using air mass, precipitable water, and clear indexes which are generally obtainable, and a comparative study was made between the spectral distribution obtained by this method and the measured data using output power of PV modules, etc. as indexes. When solar light comes into the atmosphere, it dissipates receiving scattering/absorption by various gases and aerosols. Direct light component and scattered light component which arrive at the earth surface become functions of air mass and precipitable water. The wavelength distribution of scattered light in cloudy sky is not dependent upon air mass, but affected strongly by absorption band by steam of clouds. By relational equations considered of these, output power and short-circuit current of PV modules are obtained to make a comparison with the measured data. As a result, it was found that this method estimated the spectral distribution with accuracy. Further, seasonal changes in the spectral distribution were well reproduced. The simulation of the module output in Sapporo and Okinawa brought a result that the output in Okinawa is 1.93% larger than in Okinawa. 5 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999 on research and development of immediately effective and innovative energy environment technology. Part 1. Development of immediately effective and high-efficiency solar cells, and development of technology to slice and manufacture thin-type large-area polycrystalline substrates; 1999 nendo sokkoteki kakushinteki energy kankyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sokkogata kokoritsu taiyo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu (usugata daimenseki takessho kiban slice seizo gijutsu kaihatsu 1)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective of decreasing silicon usage quantity for the purpose of reducing the solar cell production cost, development is being performed on an ingot cutting technology to cut a silicon ingot to Kerf loss of 150 {mu} m and thickness of 150 {mu} m, and in which the produced wafers can withstand the cell making. Investigations revealed that a wire saw is suitable as the cutting system, and the wire used must have a diameter of less than 120 {mu} m, and a strength of more than 3850 N/mm{sup 2}. A prototype wire was fabricated, whose diameter is 120 {mu} m, and in which the strength is distributed between 3870 and 4110 N/mm{sup 2}. It was found possible that a wire of 160 {mu} m can be used to slice an ingot having a cross section surface of 150 mm square and a length of 300 mm into a slice having a Kerf loss of 200 {mu} m and a thickness of 180 {mu} m. This wafer had the in-plane distribution of the substrate thickness at {+-} 12.5 {mu}, swell of 120 {mu} at maximum, and surface roughness of 5 {mu}. Making ten of these wafers into a cell resulted in a yield of 60%. Assignments are the clarification of the properties of the cutting wire, the preparation of a thin wire with homogeneous quality, and the establishment of a technology to cut Kerf loss of 150 {mu} and substrate thickness of 150 {mu}. (NEDO)

Topside electron density at low latitudes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ezquer, R.G.; Cabrera, M.A.; Flores, R.F.; Mosert, M.

2002-01-01

The validity of IRI to predict the electron density at the topside electron density profile over the low latitude region is checked. The comparison with measurements obtained with the Taiyo satellite during low solar activity shows that, the disagreement between prediction and measurement is lower than 40% for 70% of considered cases. These IRI predictions are better than those obtained in a previous work at the southern peak of the equatorial anomaly for high solar activity. Additional studies for low solar activity, using ionosonde data as input parameters in the model, are needed in order to check if the observed deviations are due to the predicted peak characteristics or to the predicted shape of the topside profile. (author)

FY 1998 annual report on the development of fuel cell power generation techniques. Research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cells (research results); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu. Kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1998 research and development results of solid electrolyte fuel cells. For R and D of the tubular type cell by the wet processing technique, the tests are conducted to evaluate the initial performance and long-term durability for continuous operation of the single tubular cell. For development of the several-kW class modules, computer-aided simulations are conducted. For R and D of material and substrate techniques, the thermal cycle characteristics, cell characteristics and stress of the cell modules are evaluated, in order to evaluate their reliability. The thermal cycle test results indicate that performance of the single-stage cell is unaffected by the thermal cycles. It is found by the stress evaluation that use of the separator plate having a higher thermal expansion coefficient than the electrolyte plate and use of the sealant having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the electrolyte plate are effective means to reduce stresses. For the research to reduce costs of the cell materials, their chemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics are evaluated. For the system research, the areas for which the compact systems are suitable and their optimization are studied. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program survey and research. Joint projects on solar energy between Japan and Australia, etc. (Joint efforts for high-grade flat-plate collector development); 1981 nendo Nichigonado taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku jigyo seika hokokusho. Nichigo taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku (kokyu heiban collector kaihatsu kyoryoku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Investigated at DET (Division of Energy Technology) are a unit for controlling air convection in between a heat collector heat-collecting plate and the cover, testing methods, and under-floor heat accumulation using a horizontal rock bed. DMC (Division of Mineral Chemistry) is engaged in the study of black Ni selective absorption film formation on a metal plate and a reflection-preventing film for a heat collector. Monash University studies methods for testing heat collectors, transfer of heat, heat pipe, tracking mechanism, etc. Melbourne University is dedicated to computer model calculation involving solar energy utilization. Sydney University deals with collectors, selective absorption films, absorption type refrigerators, heat accumulation, and desalination of water. Under study at New South Wales University are passive solar systems, photothermal collectors, solar cells, etc. The Beaseley Corporation is a manufacturer of heater collectors and water heaters in South Australia, and a visit is paid to the corporation for the study of its manufacturing process. The Rheem Corporation manufactures water heaters in New South Wales, and its presence in the solar collector industry is known. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on development of practical application technology for photovoltaic power generation systems. Development of technologies to manufacture thin film solar cells (development of technologies to manufacture silicon crystal based high-quality materials and substrates / survey and research on analysis of practical application); 1997 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (zairyo kiban seizo gijutsu kaihatsu / silicon kesshokei kohinshitsu zairyo kiban no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

As a plan to develop technologies to manufacture materials and substrates for thin film solar cells, it is intended to reduce defect density, enhance film forming speed, largely improve the photo-electric conversion efficiency and increase manufacturing productivity. These goals will be realized by establishing methods to control defect density, crystal particle diameters and crystallization rate in silicon crystal systems. A technology to form micro-crystal silicon-based thin films will be developed, that have superior photo-stability, and are capable of realizing low cost and mass production. Discussions will be given on a high-density plasma control technology, a fundamental property evaluation technology for micro crystal silicon thin films, and a device design simulation technology. A technology will be developed to form amorphous silicon layer on a stainless steel substrate by using the plasma CVD process. At the same time, discussions will be given on optical annealing and thermal annealing as reformation methods. Fiscal 1997 has surveyed component technologies to identify and analyze quickly and accurately the technical trends inside and outside the country, and to mass produce thin film solar cells. The Material and Substrate System Technology Subcommittee (silicon crystals) was held to deliberate the four-year development program and its progress. (NEDO)

Data book on new energy technology development in FY 1997. Fuel cells; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The purpose of this survey is to grasp the trends of technology development of fuel cells and their market, and to provide data required for supporting the introduction and diffusion of fuel cells. This report consists of Part 1 titled as `Trends of development of fuel cells in FY 1997`, and Part 2 titled as `Compiled data`. The Part 1 consists of three chapters, i.e., Chapter 1 titled as `Introduction`, Chapter 2 as `Development trends of fuel cells for on-site power generation`, and Chapter 3 as `Trends of development of fuel cells for mobile objects and fuel cell-powered vehicles`. The introductory chapter not only outlines the development trends but also describes the results of the 5th Grove Fuel Cell Symposium noticed as the major global international symposium on fuel cell in general and the environmental problems discussed at the COP3 Kyoto Conference, both held in TY 1997. The Part 2 contains the principles, system configurations and applications of fuel cells, PAFC, MCFC, SOFC, PEFC, modifier, DMFC, development trend of fuel cell-powered vehicles, and national policies for fuel cells in Japan. The Appendix features a report of the new technique investigation working group and information on fuel cells from newspapers. 100 refs., 4 figs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for extra-high efficiency solar cells (research on new concentrator modules); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Chokokoritsu taiyo denchi no gijutsu kaihatsu no tame no kaiseki hyoka (shingata shuko module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanimoto, J; Sakuta, K; Sawada, S; Yaoita, A [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation of concentrator modules for extra-high efficiency solar cells. The outdoor exposure tests have been under way for 3 years for fluorescent plates, as part of the research program for development of materials and elementary techniques, and essentially no degradation has been observed by the perylene pigment test. Coupling of the fluorescent concentrator and solar cell units is investigated for the coupling position and method, to theoretically analyze geometrical coupling efficiency, where they are coupled at the bottom faces in consideration of easiness of module fabrication. It is demonstrated that a high coupling efficiency can be realized when the cell is sufficiently wide relative to thickness of the fluorescent plate. The coupling method is experimentally examined using transparent silicon gel. A prototype module having the same size as the commercial module (420mm by 960mm) is made on a trial basis, where a total of nine 20mm-thick cells are cut out of a single-crystalline silicon solar cell, 100mm by 100mm in size, and are connected to concentrators at the bottom faces. It shows 2.3 times increased output by the test using a large-area solar simulator. 2 figs.

Increase of body surface temperature and blood flow by theanine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasegawa, Takeo; Noguchi, Kenichi; Ando, Satoshi

2002-01-01

Suntheanine (Taiyo Kagaku Co.: Theanine) is the trade name for L-theanine which is a unique amino acid found almost solely in tea plants, responsible for the exotictaste of green tea. We investigated the effects of relate to relaxation, improves the taste of processed foods, radiation sensitization, and increase of body surface temperature in vivo study. The results of the present study confirmed, (1) Suntheanine is incorporated into the brain and induces the emission of α -waves an induced of relaxation. (2) Body surface temperature and blood flow on skin were increased after administration of Suntheanine. (3) There was effects of radiation sensitization in whole body irradiation of X-rays after Suntheanine IP injection on C3H mice. (4) Acute toxicity, subacute toxicity and mutagen testconfirm the safety Suntheanine in this study

Collection of outlines of Sunshine Program achievement reports for fiscal 1988. Solar energy (Light utilizing technology and heat utilizing technology); 1988 nendo sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho gaiyoshu. Taiyo energy (hikari riyo gijutsu / netsu riyo gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1989-04-01

Collected concerning the research and development of photovoltaic power systems are the basic research on solar cells; research and development of new-type photovoltaic power systems; and research and development of amorphous solar cells. Collected concerning the development of technologies for the practical application of photovoltaic power systems are the experiment, refining, and verification of low-cost silicon; experiment, fabrication, and verification of solar panels; research on the practical application of high-efficiency crystal-based solar cells; research and development of amorphous solar cells; research and development of solar cell evaluation systems; development of peripheral technologies; research and development of photovoltaic power-aided systems; research and development of centralized photovoltaic power systems; and development of photothermal hybrid type photovoltaic power systems. Collected concerning heat-utilizing technologies are the research and development of solar thermal electric power generation systems; research and development of solar air-conditioners and hot water supply systems; and development of practical application technologies for industrial solar systems. Collected also are international cooperative projects on solar energy technologies. (NEDO)

Collection of outlines of Sunshine Program achievement reports for fiscal 1989. Solar energy (Light utilizing technology and heat utilizing technology); 1989 nendo sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho gaiyoshu. Taiyo energy (hikari riyo gijutsu / netsu riyo gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-04-01

Collected concerning the research and development of photovoltaic power systems are the basic research on solar cells; research and development of new-type photovoltaic power systems; and research and development of amorphous solar cells. Collected concerning the development of technologies for the practical application of photovoltaic power systems are the research on the practical application of new-type solar cells; research on the practical application of amorphous solar cells; research and development of solar cell evaluation systems; research and development of peripheral technologies; research and development of photovoltaic power-aided systems; research and development of centralized photovoltaic power systems; and research and development of photothermal hybrid photovoltaic power systems. Collected concerning heat application technologies are the research and development of solar thermal energy systems; development of practical application technologies for solar systems for industrial use etc.; and cooperative projects between Japan and Australia etc. on solar energy technologies. (NEDO)

Survey on construction of the database for new energy technology development. Fuel cell; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

As a part of the data related to technological development of new energy, the database for fuel cells was prepared. The major international conferences held in fiscal 1996 were reviewed. As the atmosphere of the whole conference, phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) is in a stage just before practical use, and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is in a stage of the demonstration study of MW class one. The study on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is in considerable progress. In particular, the application of PEFC to automobiles is in real investigation. For the database, kinds and features of various fuel cells, operation principles, system configurations of FC plants, application fields, and characteristics were arranged. Field test examples for public and industrial uses were separately arranged, and in particular, the application examples of PAFC were presented together with developmental conditions of the other fuel cells. Overseas situations were equal to domestic ones, and their marketability was predicted. The Japanese subsidy policy and some U.S. policies were also arranged. 28 refs., 51 figs., 37 tabs.

Investigation on preparing data collections related to new energy technology development. Fuel cells; Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

With an objective to put data related to fuel cells systematically into order, related data were collected comprehensively. Reviewing large international conferences impresses dawn of commercialization in phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), take-off of megawatt-class molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and remarkable advancement in studies on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). The data collection may be compiled as follows: basic principles, features, operation principles, system configurations, utilization fields, and characteristics were summarized on fuel cell power generation systems using phosphoric acid, polymer, molten carbonate, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells; major installation examples in Japan and overseas countries were summarized; investigations were given on developing other fuel cells such as alkaline type and direct methanol type fuel cells; and marketability, subsidies operations in Japan, and states of policy implementation in the U.S.A. were investigated and put into order. 22 refs., 24 figs., 21 tabs.

Studies of flat-plate solar air collectors with absorber plates made of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules; Amorphous taiyo denchi module wo shunetsuban to shita heibangata kukishiki shunetsuki no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, K; Ito, S; Miura, N [Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa (Japan)

1996-10-27

A light/heat hybrid air type heat collector has been developed in which heat is collected by solar cell panels. In Type 1 heat collector provided with a glass cover, two modules are connected in series and placed under a glass cover to serve as a heat collecting plate, each module built of a steel plate and two thin-film amorphous solar cells bonded to the steel plate. Air runs under the heat collecting plate. Type 2 heat collector is a Type 1 heat collector minus the glass cover. Air is taken in by a fan, runs in a vinyl chloride tube, and then through the heat collector where it is heated by the sun, and goes out at the exit. Heat collecting performance was subjected to theoretical analysis. This heat collector approximated in point of heat collection a model using a board painted black, which means that the new type functions effectively as an air-type heat collector. Operating as a photovoltaic power generator, the covered type generated approximately 20% less than the uncovered type under 800W/m{sup 2} insolation conditions. Type 1 has been in service for five months, and Type 2 for 2 months. At present, both are free of troubles such as deformation and the amorphous solar cell modules have deteriorated but a little. 4 refs., 9 figs.

FY 1992 report on the results of the commissioned research and development project. R and D of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells); 1992 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-05-01

The research and development project is carried out for fuel cell power generation technologies and solid electrolyte type fuel cells, and the reports on the FY 1992 results issued by the participant organizations are summarized. For R and D of the modules, Fuji Electric conducted the R and D for the large-area, cell-stacked type, and Sanyo Electric for the composite cell-stacked type. For R and D of the materials and fundamental technologies, Fine Ceramics Center is conducted the R and D for microscopic structures of the electrode, Fujikura for electrode structures produced by spraying or the like, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for multi-functional fuel electrodes, Murata Seisakusho for co-sintering technologies, and Mitsui Shipbuilding for current collecting technologies. For R and D of the systems, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry conducted the R and D for the systems, Electric Power Development and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries jointly for designs of the cell peripheries, and the Japan Research and Development Center for Metals for elementary technologies for the peripheral devices. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development of power generation by solid electrolyte fuel cell. Research and development of solid electrolyte fuel cell; 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu kenkyu seika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-06-01

This project is aimed at establishment of the module basic technology and commercialization of the solid electrolyte fuel cell in the early stage by designing, construction, operation and performance evaluation of a several kW-class module which incorporates the cylindrical cell fabricated by the wet process. The FY 1999 R and D efforts include (1) cell performance demonstration study: the cylindrical single cell fabricated by the wet process is demonstration-tested to determine the initial performance and durability for continuous operation, thereby comparing the external reforming with internal reforming in output, with the internal reforming rate as the parameter, (2) development of a several kW-class module: the adequate cell arrangement structure within the module is studied by the computer-aided simulation, and the tests for confirming thermal cycle durability of the modified bundle are conducted using the module power generation unit and the several kW-class module is tested, and (3) development of the technology for designing a thermally supported module: the effects of, e.g., air and fuel supply conditions on the module performance are analyzed using the analytical model as the base. Expansion of the module level to the process simulation model has been completed, based on these results. (NEDO)

FY 1993 report on the results of the commissioned research and development project. R and D of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells); 1983 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. SOFC kotai denkaishitsugata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-05-01

The research and development project is carried out for fuel cell power generation technologies and solid electrolyte type fuel cells, and the reports on the FY 1993 results issued by the participant organizations are summarized. For R and D of the modules, Fuji Electric conducted the R and D for the large-area, cell-stacked type, and Sanyo Electric for the composite cell-stacked type. For R and D of the materials and fundamental technologies, Fine Ceramics Center conducted the R and D for microscopic structures of the electrode, Fujikura for electrode structures produced by spraying or the like, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for multi-functional fuel electrodes, Murata Seisakusho for co-sintering technologies, and Mitsui Shipbuilding for current collecting technologies. For R and D of the systems, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry conducted the R and D for the systems, Electric Power Development and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries jointly for designs of the cell peripheries, and the Japan Research and Development Center for Metals for elementary technologies for the peripheral devices. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of environmentally-friendliness enhancement for next-generation solar cell development); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu chosa, Jisedai taiyodenchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Though the trends of solar cell development are becoming increasingly diverse across the world, yet none has emerged to promise a stable solar cell supply in the future. Under the circumstances, studies were conducted to clarify strategies for solar cell technology development which would be well adapted to Japan's social environments, with the trends of development in the United States and European countries taken into consideration. The surveys covered the research and development and diffusion of photovoltaic power generation in the United States and European countries, and their solar cell research and development strategies and trends of development were put together. Surveys were also conducted into the research and development of unconventional types of solar cells, such as the dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, conjugate polymer solar cell, and the polymer/C{sub 60} based solar cell, and into the status of resources of materials for solar cells such as gallium, arsenic, cadmium, tellurium, indium, selenium, and germanium. Regarding the future of photovoltaic power generation research and development, it was concluded that commercialization technology development and basic research and development should continue. Also pointed out was the importance of the enlargement of the market for photovoltaic power generation systems. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Surveys and studies of peripheral key technologies/Surveys of environmentally-friendliness enhancement for next-generation solar cell development); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Shuhen yoso gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu chosa, Jisedai taiyodenchi kaihatsu kankyo tekioka chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Though the trends of solar cell development are becoming increasingly diverse across the world, yet none has emerged to promise a stable solar cell supply in the future. Under the circumstances, studies were conducted to clarify strategies for solar cell technology development which would be well adapted to Japan's social environments, with the trends of development in the United States and European countries taken into consideration. The surveys covered the research and development and diffusion of photovoltaic power generation in the United States and European countries, and their solar cell research and development strategies and trends of development were put together. Surveys were also conducted into the research and development of unconventional types of solar cells, such as the dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, conjugate polymer solar cell, and the polymer/C{sub 60} based solar cell, and into the status of resources of materials for solar cells such as gallium, arsenic, cadmium, tellurium, indium, selenium, and germanium. Regarding the future of photovoltaic power generation research and development, it was concluded that commercialization technology development and basic research and development should continue. Also pointed out was the importance of the enlargement of the market for photovoltaic power generation systems. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. Volume 1. Development of thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies (Development of technologies to manufacture low-cost large-area modules and survey and research on analyzing how to put products into practical use); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Usumaku taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (tei cost daimenseki module seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu 1))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to assist research and development to put thin film solar cells for power use into practical use and a research to put thin film solar cell manufacturing technologies into practical use, survey and research have been performed on trends in the technologies inside and outside the country. Characteristic points in thin film solar cells during the current fiscal year include: expansion of production scale of amorphous silicon solar cells, rapid progress in poly-crystalline silicon thin film solar cell technologies, and enhancement of performance in large-area modules in the a-Si, CIGS, and CdTe systems. In the trends in research and development of amorphous systems, expectation is heightening on elucidation of optical deterioration phenomena, and establishment of suppression technologies thereof. Although the highest efficiency was not renewed in thin film solar cells of small areas, progress was seen in the post-stabilization efficiency in large-area modules. A thin film solar cell manufacturing plant having an annual production capacity of 20 MW was put into operation in October in Japan. Micro (poly) crystalline silicon based solar cells have high possibility of being compatible in cost reduction and performance improvement, and energetic researches are being carried out on them in recent years as the most promising candidate of the next generation solar cells. (NEDO)

Investigation on the chemically fixing technique of carbon dioxide utilizing solar energy; Taiyo energy riyo ni yoru nisanka tanso no kagakuteki koteika gijutsu ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-03-01

This report describes the results of effective fixing technique of CO2 by utilizing solar energy. First of all, the investigation was directed to the technique for synthesizing ethylene, hydrocarbons and alcohol by electrochemical reduction of CO2. The power required for this process is supplied by photovoltaic power generation. Development of excellent electrode catalyst is needed because the reduction of CO2 requires a high overvoltage. It is desirable to enhance the selectivity of the reaction for specific material and improve the transport process in the electrolytic cell. Next, designing of material and reaction of photocatalysts using semiconductor electrode and semiconductor particulate was examined. A semiconductor electrode made of FeS2 is inexpensive and has a high ability of collecting solar light. In the category of photocatalysis system, a photocatalytic system in which semiconductor particles are embedded in vesicle and a photpocatalyst based on potassium niobate are noteworthy. As biosystem, the method of reducing CO2 by calcareous algae which simultaneously advances fixing and calcification of CO2 by photosynthesis is noteworthy. 129 refs., 45 figs., 20 tabs.

17th Business Report Meeting of New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Section Meeting on Solar Technology; Dai 17 kai jigyo hokokukai. Taiyo gijutsu bunkakai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-09-01

In this section meeting, reports were made on the following themes: 1) outline of NEDO solar technology development; 2) commercialization study of thin film polycrystal solar cell production technology; 3) development of CdTe solar cell module production technology; 4) R and D of construction material monolithic solar cell modules; 5) development of the project overseas for solar energy technology development. In 1), outlined were the development of commercialization technology of photovoltaic power system, internationally joint demonstration development of photovoltaic power system, development of production facilities of solar cell use compound semiconductors, development of commercialization technology of solar system for industrial use, etc., and a large wind power system. In 2), the results of the study 'low cost Si substrate production by continuous cast method' were reported. In 3), the results were reported of the increase in efficiency and development of low cost production technology for large area modules. In 4), 3 kinds and 6 systems of R and D for house roofs and building walls were conducted, and possibilities of commercialization were obtained in terms of performance and economical efficiency as construction material. In 5), with the use of natural conditions and social systems in Nepal, Mongol, Thailand and Malaysia, the development for commercialization of this system is being made by joint research with each country. (NEDO)

Design and construction of radiant panel for cooling and heating with photovoltaic and thermoelectric element modules; Taiyo denchi to netsuden soshi module wo mochiita fukusha reidanbo panel no sekkei oyobi shisaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, M; Tani, T [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan); Kadotani, K; Imaizumi, H [Komatsu Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Utilizing cooling properties and current voltage characteristics of a small cooling panel using thermoelectric elements which had been fabricated previously on a trial basis, design and prototype production were executed on a large radiant cooling and heating panel driven by photovoltaic cell modules. The panel design set the cooling area to about 0.5 m {sup 2} and the number of elements to 70 pieces, and optimum number of elements in series and parallel connection was derived. As a result of the analysis, it was made clear that the optimum number of thermoelectric module arrays in series and parallel connection varies depending on insolation intensity. It was found preferable that the number of parallel connection array be set to one to two in a region or time period in which low insolation intensity is distributed in greater amount. In the case where high insolation intensity is distributed in a greater amount, setting it to two to three is preferable. By using the structured design method and the HASP Tokyo data, thermoelectric element modules were interconnected with 35 modules in series and two in parallel on a cooling panel installed on the roof of the Science University of Tokyo. A simulation result revealed that the average temperature difference on the cooled surface in summer is 4.37 degC, and the solar cell utilization rate is 0.67. It is necessary in the future to improve heat dissipation efficiency and area ratio. 1 ref., 12 figs., 5 tabs.

Fiscal 2000 survey report. Development of novel battery power storage system (Development of distributed power storage technology - Marketability of lithium storage battery); 2000 nendo gyomu hokokusho. Shingata denchi denryoku chozo system kaihatsu - Bunsangata denryoku chozo gijutsu kaihatu (Ritium niji denchi no shijosei chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

A survey is conducted of the current status of storage batteries and the marketability of the lithium ion battery. In the study of future marketability of storage batteries for electric vehicles, the small vehicle Hypermini currently loaded with a lithium ion battery is taken up and it is assumed that each carries a 10 kWh battery, and then it is estimated that there will be an approximately 2200 times 10{sup 3} kWh market in Japan in 2020. As for hybrid vehicles each loaded with a 1 kWh battery, it is estimated that 3997 times 10{sup 3} kWh will be on the market in 2020. For the fuel cell powered vehicle, similarly, there will be approximately 2,500 times 10{sup 3} kWh on the market in 2020. As for power storage facilities for power load shaving, the demand for cells in 2020 is estimated at 1,032-3,924 times 10{sup 3} kWh on the assumption that they operate 4 hours in the daytime. As for the uninterruptible power supply, it is estimated that 800 times 10{sup 3} kWh will be required by those installed at data centers in 2020. It is also estimated that 252 times 10{sup 3} kWh will be necessary in the form of storage batteries for motored wheelchairs in 2020. As for distributed power source systems such as those dealing with wind power or photovoltaic power, there are a number of technical problems that have to be settled. (NEDO)

Development of Mo recycle technique from generator materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanimoto, Masataka; Kurosawa, Makoto; Kimura, Akihiro; Nishikata, Kaori; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Oarai Research and Development Center, Oarai, Ibaraki (Japan); Kakei, Sadanori; Yoshinaga, Hideo [Taiyo Koko Corp., Ako Laboratory, Ako, Hyogo (Japan)

2012-03-15

The domestic {sup 99}Mo production by the (n,{gamma}) method is proposed in JMTR because of low amount of radioactive wastes and easy {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc production process. For the development of domestic production, it is necessary to use the enriched {sup 98}MoO{sub 3}, which is very expensive, for high specific activity of {sup 99}Mo. A large amount of used PZC/PTC embraced {sup 98}Mo is also generated after the decay of {sup 99}Mo. JAEA and Taiyo Koko is proposed to recover molybdenum from the used PZC/PTC for an effective use of resources and reduction of radioactive wastes. Preliminary experiments of Mo recycling with un-irradiated MoO{sub 3} were carried out by the elution and sublimation methods. From the results, Mo recovery rate from the PZC/PTC was more than 95% by two kinds of methods. The prospects are bright for Mo recycle and reduction of radioactive wastes using these methods. (author)

Output characteristic of photovoltaic module on different installing conditions. Comparison with calculated value and measured value; Secchi joken no kotonaru taiyo denchi module no shutsuryoku tokusei. Suchi kaiseki to jissokuchi tono hikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasaki, T.; Morita, Y.; Iwawaki, H.; Fujisawa, T.; Tani, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

The paper studied output characteristics of photovoltaic modules different in installation conditions on the basis of the energy balance state. In the study, an energy balance equation was constructed for insolation intensity, heat losses from PV surface/back, and output, in order to calculate cell temperatures in each installation condition. A comparative study was made between calculated results and measured data obtained on the top of the school building. The results indicated the following: The thickness of thermal boundary layer became approximately 27mm at insolation intensity of 800 W/m{sup 2}, ambient air temperature of 25degC, and wind velocity of 0.5m/s. When widening air gap from 20mm to 40mm, the cell temperature decreased 4degC, and the output increased 1.6%. In the case of installing photovoltaic modules on the roof considering the relation between the air gap in the heat balance state and the thickness of thermal boundary layer, heat from PV back was released outside the air gap if widening the air gap to more than 30-40mm. The type with a heat insulating material on the panel back decreased in output from other types. 5 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

Valuation of the quantity of electric output from photovoltaic generation system in case of PV module applied to installing to vertical direction; Taiyo denchi wo suichoku ni haichishita baai no hatsudenryo hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyajima, K [Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan)

1996-10-27

In general, it is most efficient and economical to install photovoltaic (PV) modules with proper slope. There are room spaces on the wall except ground or roof. The PV modules were installed on the vertical wall, to consider the compensative method for this weak point. When modules were installed vertically, there is an advantage that reflecting solar light as well as incident solar light can be utilized compared with the installation with slope. The PV modules were installed on the roof of building with inclination of 90{degree} facing to south using the roof material as a reflecting material (S90), and with inclination of 15{degree} facing to south (S15), to compare their output. The output ratio, S90/S15 was 0.42. When it was very fine, this value increased to 0.60. When using plated steel plate as the reflecting material, this value increased to 0.74, which provided 10 to 30% larger output than the roof material. From these results, about 50% of module output of S15 can be expected for S90. If receiving larger reflection, there would only a slight difference in the module output between S15 and S90. 3 figs., 1 tab.

Research and development of utilization technology of solar thermal energy system for industrial and other use. International joint technology development for solar energy utilization systems; Sangyoyo nado solar system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Taiyo energy riyo system kokusai kyodo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for international joint technology development for solar energy utilization systems. The joint study with an Indonesian research institute takes a model of lumber drying plant for the design and feasibility study. All the parts it needs are technically available in Indonesia, except carbon fiber sheets and electronic devices for controlling purposes. The drying cost is higher than that of a plant which procures charge-free wood fuel, but lower than that of a plant which procures fuel at 30$/t. A cacao drying plant model is also studied. The feasibility study shows that the initial investment for the blowing-up model is much higher by 60% to 100% than that for the conventional plant. Its fuel cost is lower by 11% than that of residual oil but 27% higher than that of wood. 4 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on developing a silicon manufacturing process with reduced energy consumption. Investigation and research on analyzing practical application of a technology to manufacture solar cell silicon raw materials; 1997 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu. Taiyo denchi silicon genryo seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes the achievement in fiscal 1997 of analyzing practical application of a technology to manufacture solar cell silicon raw materials. Silicon consumption for solar cells in fiscal 1997 has increased to 2000-ton level, and the supply has been very tight. For drastic improvement in the demand and supply situation, development of SOG-Si manufacturing technology and its early practical application are desired. The development of the NEDO mass-production technology using melting and refining has completed constructing the process facilities in fiscal 1998, and will enter the stage of operational research. However, insufficiency in the basic data about behavior of impurities is inhibiting the development. In the substrate manufacturing technology, discussions have shown progress on use of diversifying silicons outside the standard by using the electromagnetic casting process. For slicing and processing the substrates, development of a high-performance slicing equipment and automatic rough rinsing machine is under way. Properties required on silicon raw materials vary considerably widely because of difference in cell making systems and conditions, which is attributable to unknown impurity behavior. When 1GW production is assumed, the cell module manufacturing cost is calculated as 137 yen/W, for which low-cost mass production for its realization, slicing productivity enhancement, and cost reduction are required. The paper also describes site surveys in overseas countries. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1998 of silicon manufacturing process to rationalize energy usage. Surveys and researches on analysis of practical application of technology to manufacture silicon raw materials for solar cells; 1998 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi silicon genryo seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

With an objective to develop a mass production technology to manufacture silicon raw materials for solar cells, and assist its practical application, surveys and analyses were performed on trends in development of the related technologies, the problems therein , market trends and industrial trends thereof. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. The worldwide production amount of solar cells in 1998 is estimated to have achieved 150 MW, and the silicon consumption reached the level of 2,300 tons. In spite of the economic recession environment, there was no change in the expansion trend. In developing an SOG-Si mass production and manufacturing technology, construction of pilot plants for each process has been completed, and entered into the operation research phase. In developing a technology to manufacture high quality poly-crystalline silicon substrates, fabrication has been completed on the on-line ingot cutting equipment and the plasma heating equipment, and the stage is now in operation research of continuous electromagnetic casting process. The conversion efficiency of the poly-crystalline silicon solar cells is 14 to 16% at the mass production level, whose enhancement requires indispensably the improvement in quality of the substrate. Discussions are required on the ingot manufacturing conditions in coordination with improvement in the cell manufacturing technology. (NEDO)

Japanese guideline for the oncology FDG-PET/CT data acquisition protocol. Synopsis of Version 2.0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukukita, Hiroyoshi; Suzuki, Kazufumi; Matsumoto, Keiichi; Terauchi, Takashi; Shimada, Naoki; Daisaki, Hiromitsu; Ikari, Yasuhiko; Senda, Michio

2014-01-01

This synopsis outlines the Japanese guideline Version 2.0 for the data acquisition protocol of oncology FDG-PET/CT scans that was created by a joint task force of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology, the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Japanese Council of PET Imaging, and was published in Kakuigaku-Gijutsu 2013; 33:377-420 in Japanese. The guideline aims at standardizing the PET image quality among PET centers and different PET camera models by providing criteria for the IEC body phantom image quality as well as for the patient PET image quality based on the noise equivalent count (NEC), NEC density and liver signal-to-noise ratio, so that the appropriate scanning parameters can be determined for each PET camera. This Version 2.0 covers issues that were not focused on in Version 1.0, including the accuracy of the standardized uptake value (SUV), effect of body size together with adjustment of scanning duration, and time-of-flight (TOF) reconstruction technique. Version 2.0 also presents data acquired with new PET camera models that were not tested in Version 1.0. Reference values for physical indicators of phantom image quality have been updated as well. (author)

FY 2000 report on the results of development of technology for commercializing high-efficiency fuel cell systems. Development of technology for commercializing high-efficiency fuel cell systems (Development of technology for effective utilization of power produced by polymer electrolyte fuel cell systems); 2000 nendo kokoritsu nenryo denchi system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no shutsuryoku yuko riyo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project is aimed at development of technologies for effective utilization of power produced by polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems and waste heat, to spread cogeneration systems incorporating PEFC systems for residential purposes. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. The program for high-efficiency peripherals for residential PFEC systems attempts use of GaN-FET as the semiconductor device of wide band gap and high breakdown voltage to realize conversion efficiency over 90% by improving inverter efficiency. Two types of the prototype heat recovery systems are developed for the PEFC, one incorporating a latent heat cooling system and the other a water cooling system, to improve heat recovery efficiency and increase heat recovery temperature. The program for technology to fit PEFC output to energy demand develops hot water supply systems provided with a hot water storage function for stable supply of hot water irrespective of the heat recovery conditions, and also with a back-up function with burners. The program also develops the PEFC system of fine load following characteristics, for which pure hydrogen is used as the fuel to allow the system to instantaneously follow fluctuating loads. The program for high-efficiency partial load operation technology studies a 1kW-class residential PEFC cogeneration system incorporating a power storage device for high-efficiency operation at partial loads, where the former operates in a high output mode while the latter absorbs fluctuating loads. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the survey of the trend of the technology development of fuel cell vehicles; 1999 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi jidosha gijutsu kaihatsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

For the contribution to the introduction/spread of fuel cell vehicles, survey was conducted of the trend of technology development of fuel cell vehicles and the related infrastructure, the situation of the regulation/criteria, etc. As a typical project on the D and R of fuel cell vehicles in the U.S., cited is 'Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)' which was commenced mainly by the US government and three US automobile manufacturers. The US DOE determined the introduction of a gasoline reforming type and has completed some prototype systems. In Europe, cited are 'Munich Airport Hydrogen Project,' Daimler-Chrysler's 'Transport Energy Strategy,' etc. In Japan, the introduction/promotion are being discussed in 'The New Sunshine Project' and 'The Millennium Project' proposed by former prime minister Obuchi. As to fuel cell vehicles, there are still many uncertain elements in performance, safety, economical efficiency, etc. Accordingly, the continued efforts should be made for the technology development for improvement of power performance, safety and economical efficiency and for the environmental arrangement of the infrastructure, introduction supporting system, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the survey of the trend of the technology development of fuel cell vehicles; 1999 nendo chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi jidosha gijutsu kaihatsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

For the contribution to the introduction/spread of fuel cell vehicles, survey was conducted of the trend of technology development of fuel cell vehicles and the related infrastructure, the situation of the regulation/criteria, etc. As a typical project on the D and R of fuel cell vehicles in the U.S., cited is 'Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)' which was commenced mainly by the US government and three US automobile manufacturers. The US DOE determined the introduction of a gasoline reforming type and has completed some prototype systems. In Europe, cited are 'Munich Airport Hydrogen Project,' Daimler-Chrysler's 'Transport Energy Strategy,' etc. In Japan, the introduction/promotion are being discussed in 'The New Sunshine Project' and 'The Millennium Project' proposed by former prime minister Obuchi. As to fuel cell vehicles, there are still many uncertain elements in performance, safety, economical efficiency, etc. Accordingly, the continued efforts should be made for the technology development for improvement of power performance, safety and economical efficiency and for the environmental arrangement of the infrastructure, introduction supporting system, etc. (NEDO)

FY 1997 Report on New Sunshine Project. International co-operative projects (Australia-Japan solar energy technology cooperation, etc); 1997 nendo kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. Nichigonado taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Described herein are the progresses, memorandum concluded for the new project, NEDO/MUERI project activities, among others, for, e.g., Australia-Japan solar energy technology co-operative project. The photovoltaic cell outdoor exposure test project has been progressing as expected in Australia since FY 1996. The test data have been collected for one year and analyzed successively. The second information exchange workshop is scheduled in June 1998 in Sydney for the thin-film, polycrystalline photovoltaic cell manufacturing technologies. The new type photovoltaic cell long-term exposure test project has been started in FY 1997 as the new project in Oman. The weather conditions of the test site are very severe, very high both in temperature and humidity. The new type photovoltaic cell modules, centered by the amorphous silicon, will be exposure-tested in the severe atmospheres, to verify long-term reliability of the photovoltaic cells. A total of 5 types of the modules are to be exposure-tested; 3 types of 6 amorphous silicon cells, one type of 2 CdS/CdTe cells, and one type of 2 thin-film polycrystalline cells. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 result reports of the researches under consignment from NEDO. Developments of fuel cell technology, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, fuel cell power generation system technology, and high-voltage type several tens kW class distributed power source system; Shin energy sangyo gijutsu sogo kaihatsu kiko itaku gyomu 1996 nendo seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, hatsuden system gijutsu kaihatsu, koden`atsugata suju kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper precisely reports the research result on development of fuel cell technology in fiscal 1996. On verification of cell durability, the cell test result in hydrogen including CO of 100ppm using Pt-Ru catalyst as CO resistant catalyst showed that the loss percent of cell voltage decreases with an increase in Ru content. On development of stack technology, the carbon humidification plate superior in chemical stability was developed as one of the parts for layered stacks. The separator with a water- permeable carbon plate and serpentine flow fields was fabricated for highly layered stacks, and achieved the target performance in single cell power generation test. On establishment of design basis for compact fuel processor, the bench-scale test was conducted of Ru/{gamma}-Al2O3 and Pt-Ru/{gamma}-Al2O3 catalysts as advanced CO selective oxidation catalyst for CO reducers. On demonstration test for the several tens kW class stationary power plant, the system configuration of power generation plants using natural gas as fuel was studied. 106 figs., 38 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on the development of silicon manufacturing process rationalizing energy utilization. Research and study on analysis to put silicon raw material manufacturing technology for solar cells into practical use; 1999 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi silicon genryo seizo gijutsu no jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In order to support the development and practical application of a mass production technology for manufacturing silicon raw materials for solar cells, research and study were performed on trends of developing the related technologies, and movements in markets and industries. This paper reports the achievements thereof in fiscal 1999. Markets for solar cells are growing favorably, and the worldwide solar cell production in 1999 was 200 MWp, of which 80% or more is occupied by crystalline silicon solar cell. While development of the manufacturing technology for SOG-Si mass-production is in the stage of operation research of pilot plants, it has been verified that problems of impurity contamination was resolved, and high-purity silicon can be manufactured. In developing the silicon scrap utilization technology and a technology to integrate silicon refinement with casting, a conversion efficiency of 14% or higher was acquired in prototype sample substrates. It has been verified that a variety of raw materials can be dealt with by using the above technology, which has a possibility of cost reduction. In developing a substrate manufacturing technology, a great progress has been made in enhancing the productivity and reducing the cost by developing the continuous casting in the electromagnetic casting and the automation technology. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the verification test on the system interconnection of the photovoltaic power system in Malaysia; 1999 nendo Malaysia ni okeru taiyo denchi hatsuden system no keito renkei jissho shiken seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

JET and SIRIM Behad, which is the standards and industrial research institute in Malaysia, worked this project together, and installed the Photo Voltaic Generation System (hereinafter refferred to as 'PV system') on the roof of the research building for researching basic conditions in the practical use of the PV system by gathering basic data. The power quality of a supply system necessary for a grid connection of the PV system was researched in the evidential experiment. Moreover, the invasion level and the invasion frequency to the PV system of the thunder surge by the peculiar weather condition in this region were researched. In addition, the requisite for the islanding function for the alternative emergency power supply was investigated. The contents of this project were composed of the three items. (1) research of the power quality in low voltage distribution system. Before and after the PV system is connected with the supply system, basic data concerning the power quality of the voltage, the current, and the frequency fluctuation, etc. in the system was collected. (1)measurement and investigation of the power quality under the current low voltage distribution system. By connecting ad monitoring recorder with a lower voltage distribution system, the current power quality i.e. voltage, current, frequency the fluctuation of voltage and frequency at the regular time were measured and investigated. (2) The power quality in the supply system grid connection of the PV system was measured and investigated. The voltage and the frequency in the case of supply system grid connection of the PV system were compared with the current state of preceding clause 1 and the stability of the power quality was evaluated. Moreover the output power of the solar battery was connected with the measurement device and then the surface temperature of the solar battery module, DC voltage, current and quality of solar radiation were measured. The subject in the practical use of the PV system in Malaysia was extracted through these experiments. (2) Research of level and frequency of the thunder surge. 1. Measurement of level and frequency of the thunder surge by the thunder surge counter. The thunder surge counter was set up respectively on the positive line and the negative line of the solar battery. These signals are taken into the memory of the thunder surge counter, and the level and the frequency data of the thunder surge which invade the PV system were accumulated. 2. Evaluation by simulation. The PV system was evaluated to the thunder surge obtained in preceding clause 1 by the simulation. In addition the simulation analysis was conducted by the system equivalent circuit on the assumption of the thunder surge current at the location of the system. (3) Research of the islanding function of the PV system as the backup power supply was evaluated when blacking out. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Highly durable roof module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - kotaikyusei yane module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A thin-film solar array, a large roof panel, and an interconnecting power conditioner are integrated into one and single structural member for the development of a residential photovoltaic power system in which a unit AC (alternating current) output is collected from each panel. In fiscal 1999, in the study of highly durable materials for solar cell modules and of their structure, a thin film compound solar cell module was enlarged to 82cm times 71cm, evaluated for performance, and installed on the third test house. In the study of collecting AC power from the solar cell module, a compact power conditioner for a roof panel which had been in test operation on the roof of the laboratory since 1998 was checked for practical performance, improved, and evaluated for system generation efficiency. In the study of a highly durable roof module structure, problems pertaining to heat radiation from the rear side steel sheet, the burning of the junction box, etc., were solved, and the module passed a verification test under the Building Standard Law. In the validation of the roof module for which power generation performance and meteorological conditions had already been continuously measured for 19 months, it was found that the roof module suffered no troubles such as water leak or deformation. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - high-durability roof modules); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (kotaikyusei yane module))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

With the target set on a system with a roof array efficiency of 8.5%, and a system cost of 170 yen/W, development is being made on a large roof panel and its construction technology, which is capable of AC output by integrating into a large roof panel the compound thin film solar cells having glass/CdS/CdTe/rear air chamber/rear metal, and the inverter. In the cell constituting materials and the structure design, sealants were evaluated, the painting process was developed, and two kinds of structures were prepared. The frameless type has a lamination structure, and a prototype module of 886 times 664 mm was fabricated, and the frame type has a double sealing structure, and a prototype module 600 times 900 mm was fabricated. Prototype modules that can be fixed on a rail type fixing stand were fabricated and constructed, having demonstrated sufficient workability. In addition, a prototype small inverter with system coordination protection was operated actually, and the initial stage malfunctions were corrected. Two demonstration buildings were built, and the whole process was performed from assembly and transportation of the modules and to the installation thereof at the construction site. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development of novel type solar cell module integratable with building materials - Novel multilayer structure module); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu - shinfukuso kozo module)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The project aims to develop solar cell modules of a novel multilayer structure, based on the resin filling structure, hollow structure, and the laminate structure, and integratable with building materials. In fiscal 1999, for the development of cells and submodule structures, cells and submodules were fabricated which were usable with various specimens. In the case of design oriented cells, electrode structures and linkage methods were improved for the enhancement of power generation performance, and a hollow structure and a laminate structure were fabricated. As for the 4m{sup 2}-large module (laminate structure), a specimen with dummy cells arranged along its periphery was fabricated. For cost reduction, a study was made about a module (laminate structure) integrated with an ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) board, and the kind of surface glass, cell arrangement, and back sheet types and their respective designs were evaluated. It was then concluded that the module was fit for practical application. The module was then checked for wind endurance in a wind endurance test, for electric characteristics, and for flame inhibition capability in a fire prevention/resistance test. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 development of fuel cell power generation technology. Part 3. Supplementary explanation to R and D of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system; 1997 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu hosoku setsumeisho. 3. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-05-01

A supplementary explanation was compiled for the results of a commissioned project reported in fiscal 1997 (development of fuel cell power generation technology, and R and D (3) of molten carbonate fuel cell and power generation system). The supplementary explanation was given on the development of parallel flow stack, design/manufacturing of 250 kW stacks, design and manufacturing of 250 kW stacks in connection with installation/adjustment. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1997 on joint research to develop fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers. Research on evaluating life of phosphoric acid fuel cells; 1997 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho. Rinsangata nenryo denchi jumyo hyoka kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-05-01

This paper discusses life evaluation on phosphoric acid fuel cells of urban energy center type for regional energy supply and on-site type to be installed in buildings. Operation characteristics tests and disassembly checks allow to identify factors for voltage decrease, and estimate the life therefrom particularly if the voltage decrease is caused from catalyst activity. The time before 10% decrease value is reached is now about 40,000 hours. The creep analysis method that has been developed recently can predict deformation in full-size reformers nearly exactly, and is effective in operating the reformer and evaluating the life at the design stage. Creep buckling is the critical value, which is caused by ecliptic deformation of internal tubes in the second catalyst layer. In a heat exchanger for fuel gas preheating, carbon in the reformed gas is carbonized and deposited due to catalytic action of nickel in the brazing material that bonds plates and fins in the heat exchanger. Iron also has a possibility of performing catalytic action. In the on-site type 1,000-kW class fuel cells, no structural problems have been presented even after the operation has been stopped. In order to extend time interval between phosphoric acid supply into the cells, it is necessary to reduce difference in the remaining phosphoric acid amounts in the stack lamination direction and in the cell flat surface. (NEDO)

[Development of analysis software package for the two kinds of Japanese fluoro-d-glucose-positron emission tomography guideline].

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto, Keiichi; Endo, Keigo

2013-06-01

Two kinds of Japanese guidelines for the data acquisition protocol of oncology fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans were created by the joint task force of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology (JSNMT) and the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine (JSNM), and published in Kakuigaku-Gijutsu 27(5): 425-456, 2007 and 29(2): 195-235, 2009. These guidelines aim to standardize PET image quality among facilities and different PET/CT scanner models. The objective of this study was to develop a personal computer-based performance measurement and image quality processor for the two kinds of Japanese guidelines for oncology (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans. We call this software package the "PET quality control tool" (PETquact). Microsoft Corporation's Windows(™) is used as the operating system for PETquact, which requires 1070×720 image resolution and includes 12 different applications. The accuracy was examined for numerous applications of PETquact. For example, in the sensitivity application, the system sensitivity measurement results were equivalent when comparing two PET sinograms obtained from the PETquact and the report. PETquact is suited for analysis of the two kinds of Japanese guideline, and it shows excellent spec to performance measurements and image quality analysis. PETquact can be used at any facility if the software package is installed on a laptop computer.

Changes of the temperature coefficients of the characteristics which accompany degradation and recovery of a-Si solar cells; A-Si taiyo denchi no hikari (denryu) rekka oyobi kaifuku ni tomonau tokusei ondo keisu no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yanagisawa, T; Koyanagi, T; Nakamura, K; Takahisa, K; Kojima, T [electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1996-10-27

Pursuant to the measuring of temperature dependency of the characteristics such as conversion efficiency, during the process of degradation in a-Si solar cells due to light and electric current and the process of recovery by annealing, this paper describes changes in temperature coefficients, correlation between the characteristic parameters and the degradation, and the results of the examination of their characteristics. The conversion efficiency {mu} degraded approximately by 45% of the initial value each by the irradiation under a light intensity with 3 SUN accelerated and by the infusion of current at 20mA/cm{sup 2}; and then, the efficiency recovered to 70-75% of the degradation by subsequent annealing. In addition, in the temperature dependency at 80{degree}C against at 20{degree}C, Isc slightly increased while Vcc greatly decreased. This slight increase in Isc was mainly due to the decrease in the width of the forbidden band, while the decrease in Vcc was due to the increase in the reverse saturation current. The temperature dependency of {mu}N was negative, becoming small in accordance with the degradation. The temperature dependency of FF/FFO was negative initially both in light and current, but it decreased with the degradation and turned to positive. The temperature coefficients of I-V parameters reversibly changed corresponding to the degradation and recovery of these parameters and stayed in a good correlation. 7 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Survey for making a data book related to the development of new energy technology. Fuel cell; 1999 nendo shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa hokokusho. Nenryo denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

To proceed with the systematical arrangement of the new energy related data, this survey collected the data relating to fuel cells, and systematized them with the aim of making a data book related to fuel cells. Further, fuel cells are still developing, and therefore, the trend of development in this one year was roughly seen to make it the data toward the future development. This data book is composed of Part 1 (the world development trend in FY 1999) and Part 2 (data book). Part 1 was divided into the fixed power system (Chapter 1), fuel cell vehicle (Chapter 2), and selection of fuel (Chapter 3). The book has a big feature that the selection of fuel was added as an individual chapter, which is a difference from that of FY 1998. In the description of the developmental trend of fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in Chapter 2, the results of the present development and the trend were described in line with the subjects in achieving the commercialization of FCV. Part 2 is a data book which indicates the state of technology development of each of various fuel cells such as actual results of the demonstrative operation of fuel cells in Japan and abroad. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1998 of technology to put solar systems for industrial use into practical use. International joint technology development for solar energy utilization systems; 1998 nendo sangyoyo nado solar system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo energy riyo system kokusai kyodo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The solar energy utilizing technologies having been developed under the Sunshine Project were used to have executed the international joint technology development on the 'solar heat utilizing drying system' in the Republic of Indonesia. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. In operating the pilot plant, three operational experiments out of seven experiments were carried out only by Indonesian engineers. As a result of the drying experiments, the heat collecting characteristics of the collector were as about half at 19 to 30% as the efficiency assumed in the design of 50%. The reason for this can be attributed to the fact that the cover glass used in the demonstration test in Japan had light permeability of about 87%, but the cover glass used in the test plant was made of frosted glass whose light permeability was about 37%. This glass is the only glass available for a heat collector in the solar heat hot water device in Indonesia, but is unsuitable for the heat collector. Another cause was that the insolation at the site was lower by about 30% than the one used at the design stage. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1998 of technology to put solar systems for industrial use into practical use. International joint technology development for solar energy utilization systems; 1998 nendo sangyoyo nado solar system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo energy riyo system kokusai kyodo gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The solar energy utilizing technologies having been developed under the Sunshine Project were used to have executed the international joint technology development on the 'solar heat utilizing drying system' in the Republic of Indonesia. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1998. In operating the pilot plant, three operational experiments out of seven experiments were carried out only by Indonesian engineers. As a result of the drying experiments, the heat collecting characteristics of the collector were as about half at 19 to 30% as the efficiency assumed in the design of 50%. The reason for this can be attributed to the fact that the cover glass used in the demonstration test in Japan had light permeability of about 87%, but the cover glass used in the test plant was made of frosted glass whose light permeability was about 37%. This glass is the only glass available for a heat collector in the solar heat hot water device in Indonesia, but is unsuitable for the heat collector. Another cause was that the insolation at the site was lower by about 30% than the one used at the design stage. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Part 1. Development of fuel cell power generation technologies (Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system); 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 1. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenknyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This research and development project is aimed at development of the stacking, cooling and operating technologies for the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation systems, to improve service life and performance of these systems and reduce their cost, based on the results obtained so far by the FY 1993. The R and D efforts are directed to (1) technologies for improving stack performance, (2) development of the plant system by operating a 1,000kW class power generation system, and (3) support technologies, e.g., those for stack materials. The item (1) studies 3 stack types, cross-flow, parallel-flow and internal reforming types, including the electrodes, electrolyte-supporting bases and improvement of performance and service life by separator reforming for the cross-flow and parallel-flow types, and installation and operation of a 200kW class stack system for the internal reforming type, where cells are assembled into the system and tested for their operability, after the auxiliary units are PAC-tested. The item (2) installs a 1,000kW class plant, which is operated, after clearing the requirements set by the related laws, e.g., Electric Utility Industry Law, for starting the operation, to achieve the intended targets. The item (3) includes development of the technologies for stack materials, technologies for handling gases produced by coal gasification, and studies on the total systems. (NEDO)

Report on results of development of fuel cell power generation technology 1998. Research and development on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (technological development of element, research on ion exchange membrane for practicability of high performance cell); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, yoso kenkyu kaihatsu (koseino denchi jitsuyoka no tame no ion kokan maku ni kansuru kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This paper explains the results during fiscal 1998 of ion exchange membranes in the development of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Studies were made on three kinds of standard and two kinds of experimental membranes selected among the Flemion membranes, which are perfluorosulfonic acid membranes made by Asahi Glass Co.,Ltd., and also on the Nafion membranes by Dupon as reference. As the resistance evaluation of the environmental cycle for the membranes, a temperature cycle test was carried out, with the characteristics measured such as moisture content, membrane resistance, mechanical properties, and gas permeability, so that the effects were examined of the temperature cycle on the membranes. Evaluation was also commenced on the water permeability, an important substance-moving characteristic of ion exchange membranes. In the evaluation of the characteristics of membrane-electrode assemblies, the environmental cycle test was performed by joining electrodes to membranes, with the evaluation similarly made as for the membranes alone. On the basis of a correlation between the water permeability and the cell performance, studies were made on the effect of thickness of the membranes on the cell performances. A continuous stability/durability operation of 3,500 hours was verified using Flemion R. As for membrane reinforcement, studies were continued on the cloth and fibril reinforcements as in the previous year.(NEDO)

Change of the equivalent circuit constants accompanied by the degradation and recovery of efficiency on a-Si solar cells; A-Si taiyo denchi no koritsu no rekka to kaifuku ni tomonau toka kairo teisu no henka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takahisa, K; Kojima, T; Nakamura, K; Koyanagi, T; Yanagisawa, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1997-11-25

Investigations were given on how the equivalent circuit constants change when efficiency of amorphous silicon solar cells changes with time in light degradation and temperature recovery. In the experiment, light irradiation tests under a constant temperature and light intensity condition, followed by recovery tests under a constant temperature and constant weak light intensity or constant temperature condition were repeated continuously. According to the result of an experiment on single layer type cells, the change in each equivalent circuit constant in association with degradation in efficiency and file factor and variation in recovery is reversible mostly. However, a slightly irreversible component was recognized only in the initial degradation process in series resistance and diode factor values. With regard to stacked cells, it was suggested that the main players to determine cell characteristics during the processes of deterioration and recovery take turns among the three layers as follows: the shape of the time-based change in the efficiency comes different and is not saturating; as the efficiency decreases, the extent of the change increases in the diode factor and series resistance; and the path the deterioration takes differs from that the recovery takes. 2 refs., 12 figs.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of building material integrated solar cell modules - modules with new multi-layer structure); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinfukuso kozo module))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Development is being made on a panel type module that can be used together with an air bubble concrete board (ALC board), and is provided with design characteristics. The development work includes trial fabrication and evaluation of a module with new multi-layer structure, and development of a technology to unitize cells and submodules, and a systematizing method. In the trial fabrication and evaluation, flame retardant and uninflammable modules using fluororesin, and modules with as large area as 4 m{sup 2} were fabricated on a trial basis, in addition to the modules with the basic structure. These modules were given evaluations on such wall material properties as wind pressure resistance, heat and cracking resistance, and fire resistance. In a deformation resistance test considering the integrated use with the ALC board, the developed modules showed a good result. In developing the cells with design characteristics, discussions were given on the inter-cell wiring methods. Development was made on a method to establish a unit structure based on the design and size of a building. In developing the systematization method, the trial fabrication method was applied to a module with lamination structure, a module integrated with the ALC board, and a large-area hollow module to have fabricated the top-light spandrels. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic power system commercialization technology (Development of ultrahigh-efficiency crystalline compound solar cell manufacturing technology - Survey and research of analysis of commercialization - Separate Volume: Survey of next-generation ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell system); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu - Chokokoritsu kessho kagobutsu taiyo denchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (Jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu - Bessatsu : Jisedai chokokoritsu taiyodenchi system ni kansuru chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the preparation of a proposition concerning future research and development, surveys and studies were conducted centering about efficiency enhancement and cost reduction for the next generation ultrahigh-efficiency solar cell system. For improving the efficiency of the crystalline compound solar cell, studies were made about the prospects of the embodiment of a 3-junction and 4-junction types and of an increase in conversion efficiency expected to realize thanks to their light condensation behavior. It was inferred that anticipation of 29-47% conversion efficiency in 1 to 4-joint cells was theoretically acceptable. Four-joint structure cell fabrication would be a challenging task but would bring about an conversion efficiency of approximately 47% thanks to enhanced light condensation capability. As for cost reduction through the use of light condensation technology, surveys of overseas trends showed that the condensation-enhanced photovoltaic power system was characteristically fit for lower-price production. As for condensation and tracking systems, studies were made about cost calculation models of organizations involved in the United States and Europe, and then it was found that cost reduction in the optical system for condensation and in the tracking mechanism would be mandatory for the achievement of 75 yen/W. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research report. Survey on data collection for development of new energy technology (fuel cell); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Shin energy gijutsu kaihatsu kankei data shu sakusei chosa (nenryo denchi)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

This report is composed of Part 1: the development trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, and Part 2: the collected data and appendices. Part 1 includes 4 chapters, (1) The outline of the development trend, (2) Stationary fuel cell, (3) The development trend of fuel cell vehicles, and (4) The development trend of small transportable fuel cells. The report newly includes the development trend of small-capacity fuel cells and the report on 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar notable as an international conference on fuel cell summarizing the trend of fuel cells in fiscal 1998, as compared with the fiscal 1997 report. Part 2 is the collected data on domestic and foreign demonstration operation results of fuel cells, and technical development of every fuel cell. In addition to various collected data on the whole of fuel cells and their use techniques, Part 2 includes the principle, features, system configuration, performance simulation technique, application and market analysis of fuel cells, and the national policy and concerned laws on a subsidy system for introduction of fuel cells, for example. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual report on the solar energy technology research and development working group. 19th R and D activity report; 1998 nendo taiyo gijutsu bunkakai. Dai 19 kai jigyo hokokukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-09-01

Summarized herein are the FY 1998 R and D activities by the solar energy R and D working group, extracted from the 19th R and D activity report by NEDO. Mr. Kadoi, a NEDO's director, gave a lecture titled (Expectation on and problems involved in power generation by solar light and wind power), and Mr. Kamon, a managing researcher of NEDO's solar technology development group, reported (Technological development trends of solar technology development group). The other topics reported by the individual groups include development of large-size wind power generation systems, development of techniques for increasing throughputs of high-efficiency, large-area amorphous solar cells, development of techniques for manufacturing high-reliability CdTe solar cell modules, development of techniques for manufacturing CIS solar cell modules, analysis/assessment of thin-film silicon-based solar cells, development of processes for manufacturing silicon of rationalized energy use, R and D of (new multi-layer structure) modules assembled into building materials to form monolithic structures, and development of techniques for manufacturing amorphous thin-film polycrystalline silicon hybrid thin- film solar cells. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual report on the solar energy technology research and development working group. 19th R and D activity report; 1998 nendo taiyo gijutsu bunkakai. Dai 19 kai jigyo hokokukai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-09-01

Summarized herein are the FY 1998 R and D activities by the solar energy R and D working group, extracted from the 19th R and D activity report by NEDO. Mr. Kadoi, a NEDO's director, gave a lecture titled (Expectation on and problems involved in power generation by solar light and wind power), and Mr. Kamon, a managing researcher of NEDO's solar technology development group, reported (Technological development trends of solar technology development group). The other topics reported by the individual groups include development of large-size wind power generation systems, development of techniques for increasing throughputs of high-efficiency, large-area amorphous solar cells, development of techniques for manufacturing high-reliability CdTe solar cell modules, development of techniques for manufacturing CIS solar cell modules, analysis/assessment of thin-film silicon-based solar cells, development of processes for manufacturing silicon of rationalized energy use, R and D of (new multi-layer structure) modules assembled into building materials to form monolithic structures, and development of techniques for manufacturing amorphous thin-film polycrystalline silicon hybrid thin- film solar cells. (NEDO)

Metal oxide/hydrogen battery; Kinzoku sankabutsu/suiso denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanda, M.; Niki, H. [Toshiba Research and Development Centre, Komukai, Kawasaki (Japan)

1995-07-04

The metal oxide-hydrogen battery consisting mainly of hydrogen storage alloy has high energy density and high volume efficiency. However, it is disadvantageous that the self-discharge takes place since the discharge capacity is lowered due to the delivery of stored hydrogen from the hydrogen electrode. This invention relates to the metal oxide-hydrogen battery consisting of hydrogen storage alloy. Hydrogen storage alloy which is composed of LaNi5 system homogeneous solid solution having an equilibrium plateau pressure of less than 1 atm at 20{degree}C is used. As a result, the battery voltage change and the self-discharge can be reduced, and the cell performance can be improved. Examples of LaNi5 system hydrogen storage alloy are ANi(5-x)Mx (A = La, Mm, and Ca, M = Al, Mn, Si, Ge, Fe, B, Ga, Cu, In, and Co). LaNi(4.7)Al(0.3) and MmNi(4.2)Mn(0.8) are preferable. 3 figs.

Solar energy and ecosystem. ; Botanical factory which utilizes the solar energy. Taiyo energy to ecosystem. ; Taiyo energy wo riyoshita shokubutsu kojo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okano, T [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1992-11-30

The present paper explains the present development status and future problem of botanical factory. As a lightening method in the factory, there are artificial light type, solar light type, and combined solar and artificial light type. Each of all the types has both advantages and disadvantages. Development history is explained of a combined solar and artificial light type botanical factory. An NFT (nutrient film technique) nutrient liquid cultivator was developed in order to stabilize the vegetable production. Further, the air conditioner was modified. Heat storage tank for the night power utilization use and simple duct type heat exchanger for the air conditioning use in the cultivating room underwent associated works for both the thermal insulation and prevention of water bakage, which resulted in heightening in efficiency of both floor area utilization and air conditioning. As for the botanical growth, spinach cultivated with a CO2 concentration which was about three times as high as that outdoors gave a 60% heavier harvest and hardly differed in nutritive quality from that cultivated in the farm. A continuous cultivation test in summer, 1990 resulted in about 224g/day and 250g/day in production rate per 1m[sup 2] of cultivation area for the spinach and lettuce, respectively, which makes the factory cultivation profitable by economizing both the construction and maintenance (expenses for light and fuel). Future problem is about how to put it to practical use. 5 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

FY 1999 Report on the technical results. Part 2-1. Development of fuel cell power generation technologies (Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system); 1999 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-1. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi (hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

This research and development project is aimed at modification and improvement of the stacking technologies, to improve service life and performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system and reduce its cost. For the cross-flow type stack, optimization of the anode firing conditions leads to controlled reduction of the fine pores, and incorporation of the cathode with MgO successfully leads to controlled elution of NiO and Ni short-cut. For the separator, the service life is extended by treatment of the material with Al and controlling its rigidity. The cell life prediction method is improved to enhance its accuracy. The cell life of -4.3mV/1,000h is achieved by these technologies. For the parallel-flow type stack, the electrodes are improved to achieve the cell life of -1.4mV/1,000h, the technologies for producing the separator for a 1m{sup 2} class unit are developed, and the basic structures of a large-capacity stack are designed. For the internal reforming type, a 200kW class reforming stack is constructed, and operated for 5,259 hours. The causes for electrolyte loss are analyzed by developing the relationships between operating temperature and electrolyte loss, electrolyte mass and sustainability of the cell characteristics, and steam partial pressure over the cathode and electrolyte loss, and also by testing the Ni short-cut. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the infrastructure construction project for spreading high-efficiency fuel cell systems/development of test apparatuses for evaluation of fuel cell systems for automobiles; 2000 nendo kokoritsu nenryo denchi system kiban gijutsu kaihatsu / jidoshayo nenryo denchi system hyoka shiken sochi no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

This project studies the testing/evaluation methods for spreading fuel cells for automobiles. Described herein are the FY 2000 results. The problems involved in evaluation of the single cell units are classified into those involved in the cell construction and methods of evaluating the operation performances of the single cell units. These problems are analyzed mainly by literature survey. The mode simulation tests will be greatly simplified, if the system can be tested on the bench without being actually boarded on the vehicle. Therefore, this project is aimed at development of a comprehensive mode simulator which can be automatically operated corresponding to the running modes of various countries, to test the performance of FCEV and to examine the effects of each component independently on the vehicle performance. The factors required to reproduce the actual driving states of an FCEV on the bench are analyzed, and the conceptual designs are drawn for the controlling algorithms. It is necessary to standardize the stack and reformer testing methods, in order to evaluate the fuel cell system components. For these objects, the prototype units are constructed to evaluate 10kW direct hydrogen type stacks and 5kW methanol reformers. The units are also constructed to evaluate the high-pressure (1MPa) reformer reactors and hydrogen separation membrane systems. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (2/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (2/2). Kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Photovoltaic power generation systems are experimentally installed at public facilities at various locations, and subjected to field tests in which they experience long-term operation under real loads. Mie Prefectural Iidaka Senior/Junior High School has a 10kW solar cell system installed on the south-side roof of the school house. The system is linked to an in-house transformation station and the power generated by the system is supplied to the lighting and air-conditioning facilities in the building, and surplus if any is transmitted to the Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., system. A field test is being conducted to determine if there are usability and safety in the 10kW system. A number of like systems are undergoing field tests, installed at a comprehensive technological training center of Kyushu Electric Power Safety Association, Kongo Gakuen Senior High School, Sakata Nursery School, Taiyo Daiichi Nursery School, Minami Kindergarten, Neyagawa Ishizu Old People's Home, Co-Op Living Konan, Factory Hishimeki, Tochigi Fuji Industries, Gamo-cho Hirabayashi Public Hall, Fukuoka Prefectural Culture Complex, Yatsusugi Forest Schooling Center, Osaka Prefectural Murano Water Purification Plant, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utatsu-cho Town Office, Ginga Gakuen Junior High School, etc. (NEDO)

Voice Onset Time for the Word-Initial Voiceless Consonant /t/ in Japanese Spasmodic Dysphonia-A Comparison With Normal Controls.

Science.gov (United States)

Yanagida, Saori; Nishizawa, Noriko; Mizoguchi, Kenji; Hatakeyama, Hiromitsu; Fukuda, Satoshi

2015-07-01

Voice onset time (VOT) for word-initial voiceless consonants in adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) and abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ABSD) patients were measured to determine (1) which acoustic measures differed from the controls and (2) whether acoustic measures were related to the pause or silence between the test word and the preceding word. Forty-eight patients with ADSD and nine patients with ABSD, as well as 20 matched normal controls read a story in which the word "taiyo" (the sun) was repeated three times, each differentiated by the position of the word in the sentence. The target of measurement was the VOT for the word-initial voiceless consonant /t/. When the target syllable appeared in a sentence following a comma, or at the beginning of a sentence following a period, the ABSD patients' VOTs were significantly longer than those of the ADSD patients and controls. Abnormal prolongation of the VOTs was related to the pause or silence between the test word and the preceding word. VOTs in spasmodic dysphonia (SD) may vary according to the SD subtype or speaking conditions. VOT measurement was suggested to be a useful method for quantifying voice symptoms in SD. Copyright © 2015 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on joint research business (2/2). Photovoltaic power generation field test for public facilities; 1998 nendo kokyo shisetsu nadoyo taiyoko hatsuden field test jigyo (2/2). Kyodo kenkyu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

Photovoltaic power generation systems are experimentally installed at public facilities at various locations, and subjected to field tests in which they experience long-term operation under real loads. Mie Prefectural Iidaka Senior/Junior High School has a 10kW solar cell system installed on the south-side roof of the school house. The system is linked to an in-house transformation station and the power generated by the system is supplied to the lighting and air-conditioning facilities in the building, and surplus if any is transmitted to the Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., system. A field test is being conducted to determine if there are usability and safety in the 10kW system. A number of like systems are undergoing field tests, installed at a comprehensive technological training center of Kyushu Electric Power Safety Association, Kongo Gakuen Senior High School, Sakata Nursery School, Taiyo Daiichi Nursery School, Minami Kindergarten, Neyagawa Ishizu Old People's Home, Co-Op Living Konan, Factory Hishimeki, Tochigi Fuji Industries, Gamo-cho Hirabayashi Public Hall, Fukuoka Prefectural Culture Complex, Yatsusugi Forest Schooling Center, Osaka Prefectural Murano Water Purification Plant, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, Utatsu-cho Town Office, Ginga Gakuen Junior High School, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cells); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-27

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on R and D of new type solar cells, which includes researches on (1) solar cell structure, (2) packaging, and (3) improvement of a conversion efficiency. In the 1st research, theoretical study was made on the relation between a solar cell efficiency and various design factors to obtain basic data for ordinary cell structure and vertical junction type cell structure. As impurity source, a thermal diffusion method using doped oxide by CVD was compared with that using boron nitride, resulting in no difference in solar cell characteristics between both methods. The measurement results on contact resistances of Al, Fe and Ni with electrodes prepared by electron beam deposition showed that these materials are applicable to Si more than 10{sup 18}/cm{sup 3} in impurity density as electrode materials. In the 2nd research, exposure tests were made on some kinds of specimens, resulting in no troubles. Study was made on production costs and structures suitable for automatic production of 4 kinds of packages with different basic structures. In the 3rd research, the prototype solar cell was prepared to use under solar radiation within 20SUNS. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on new type solar cell); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Shingatashiki taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-05-30

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on new type solar cells for photovoltaic power systems. On junction formation, the solar cell fabricated by spray coating showed output characteristics equivalent to that by rotary coating or phase diffusion, and inexpensive coating liquid, 1/40 of commercially available liquid in price, showed a sufficient result, however, the conversion efficiency of P{sup +}/N elements was insufficient. Schottky barrier polycrystal Si thin film was suitable for large-area elements without any property degradation. Small grain boundary density of polycrystal layers was also necessary. Temperature characteristics of collector element structure with a comb electrode were calculated theoretically. Change in diffusion length of minority carriers due to temperature well agreed between measured and calculated ones. Optimization calculation was also carried out. The size, curve, weight and transmissivity of plastic and glass materials for solar cell packaging were evaluated by continuous outdoor exposure tests. Fluorinated ethylene-propylene, methyl methacrylate and polycarbonate plates and glass were the most promising materials because of less deformation. (NEDO)

Fuel cell heat utilization system; Nenryo denchi netsuriyo sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, T. [Tokyo (Japan); Omura, T. [Tokyo (Japan)

1995-07-04

In the conventional fuel cell heat utilization system, the waste heat is recovered to be utilized by either the waste heat recovery heat exchanger or the waste heat recovery steam. In the employment of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger system, however, the utility value is decreased when the temperature of the waste heat is lowered. Contrarily, in the employment of the waste heat recovery steam system, the supplementary water requirement is increased corresponding to the amount of waste heat recovery steam, resulting in the cost increase for water treatment. This invention solves the problem. In the invented fuel cell heat utilization system, a pressurized water from the steam separator is introduced into the second circuit to utilize directly the heat in the heat utilization system without employing the heat exchanger. If a blowdown valve is installed between the second circuit heat utilization system and the steam separator, the heat loss due to the blowdown can be reduced, since the low temperature water is blown down after being utilized in the heat utilization system. 4 figs.

Space photovoltaic power generation. Uchu taiyo hatsuden ni tsuite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudo, I [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1993-07-20

Introduction is made of space photovoltaic power generation which is the ultimate clean energy source. This is a system to obtain electric energy from the solar cells placed on a geostatic orbit and transmit the power onto the earth by microwave. The US formulates a plan of placing 60[times]5GW power generation satellites to obtain 300GW power on the earth in 2000. As for the scale of space structure, the array of solar cells is dimensionally 10km[times]5km and the power transmitting antenna is 1km in diameter. The electric energy is amplified to microwave and power-transmitted by wireless onto the earth. The ground rectenna which receives it is dimensionally 10km[times]13km. The biggest difficulty consists in transportation of construction materials onto the orbit. In Japan, activity comprises three matters, which are research committee organized three years ago by the Agency of Industrial Science and technology, 10MW class model conceptually designed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, and experiment conducted by Kyoto University on the power transmission by wireless. Pertaining to the research on the space power generation, the following two points are judged still unclarified: Reason for which the electric power companies did not apply the power transmission by wireless regarded as high in transmission efficiency. Influence of the microwave on the ionosphere and biosystem. 7 refs., 4 figs.

Protective material for solar cell; Taiyo denchiyo hyomen hogozai

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iimura, M.; Domoto, T. [Nitto Denko Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1998-02-03

The protective material for the solar cell of this invention consists of fluororesin containing from 1 to 20wt% titanium oxide particles with the particle size range from 1 to 1,000nm. Surface contamination of the protective material for the solar cell and deterioration of the adhesive are prevented when titanium oxide with particular particle size is contained in the fluororesin in a particular range as mentioned above. Titanium oxide has photocatalytic performance to decompose organic substances, and the surface protective material for the solar cell containing titanium oxide can decompose and remove dirt such as dust adhering the surface for preventing surface contamination. In addition, total light permeability can be maintained at high rate and the permeability of less than 350nm ultraviolet rays causing deterioration of the adhesive can be decreased if the particle size and content of titanium oxide are specified. Titanium dioxide of anatase type crystal structure is ideal as the titanium oxide. 1 tab.

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on development of power generation using fuel cells. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell (II-2, text of the achievement); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (II-2, kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

The effort aims at developing a 1000kW-class power plant and also at using gasified coal as fuel in the future. The fuel system facilities include a high-temperature blower. The exhaust heat recovery facilities comprise a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a turbine compressor. As for the electrical system facilities, an inverter is installed, tested, and adjusted. Control system facilities are also tested and adjusted. In relation with the operation of the plant, coordination is conducted about technological and process-related matters with the Kawagoe thermal power station of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., where the fuel cell power plant is to be constructed, which is for the smooth execution of a test run. Ceramic-based cathode materials are being developed, which is for the fabrication of stacks improved in performance, higher in current density, longer in life, and lower in cost. Also exerted are efforts at developing multiple-function electrolyte plates and metallic materials (for example for separator plating). The extent of the acceptability of impurities concentration and gas refining systems are also under study, which is to prepare for future coal gasification. Reference is also made to the study of a total system. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on development of power generation using fuel cells. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell (II-2, text of the achievement); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (II-2, kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

The effort aims at developing a 1000kW-class power plant and also at using gasified coal as fuel in the future. The fuel system facilities include a high-temperature blower. The exhaust heat recovery facilities comprise a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a turbine compressor. As for the electrical system facilities, an inverter is installed, tested, and adjusted. Control system facilities are also tested and adjusted. In relation with the operation of the plant, coordination is conducted about technological and process-related matters with the Kawagoe thermal power station of Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc., where the fuel cell power plant is to be constructed, which is for the smooth execution of a test run. Ceramic-based cathode materials are being developed, which is for the fabrication of stacks improved in performance, higher in current density, longer in life, and lower in cost. Also exerted are efforts at developing multiple-function electrolyte plates and metallic materials (for example for separator plating). The extent of the acceptability of impurities concentration and gas refining systems are also under study, which is to prepare for future coal gasification. Reference is also made to the study of a total system. (NEDO)

Report on achievement in developing fuel cell power generation technology in fiscal 1998. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system (Summary of the research result); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kenkyu seika no yoyaku)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

Based on the achievement made in the second term plan of researching and developing a molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, attempts are made on extending the service life, improving the performance, and reducing the cost. At the same time, lamination, cooling and operation technologies will be established, and a 1000-kW class power generation plant will be developed. Realization of use of coal gasified fuel in the future is aimed. Stack materials and their processing technologies will be developed, the cell durability will be improved, and the total system research will be carried out. This paper describes the achievements made during fiscal 1998. A process and control (PAC) test was performed on the fuel system facilities in the 1000-kW class generation plant, and its result was analyzed. The fuel system facilities had the test program using simulated fuel cells set from the system side digested nearly completely, verifying that actions can be taken for operation using actual fuel cells to be executed in fiscal 1999. Analysis of the test result presented raw material conversion rate of 96.6% or higher, generation of hydrogen plus CO of 740 m{sup 3} N/h, and NOx generation of 10 ppm or less. Stable combustion of a low calorie gas (500 kcal/m{sup 3} N) was achieved, completing all of the research objectives planned for fiscal 1998. (NEDO)

General report on the results of the development of fuel cell technology such as urban energy center. Evaluation study of life of phosphoric acid fuel cells (fiscal 1995 and 1996); Toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu kenkyu seika sogo hokokusho. Rinsangata nenryo denchi jumyo hyoka kenkyu (1995 kara 1996 nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Receiving subsidies from MITI, NEDO carried out this project in fiscal 1995 and 1996 as a joint research with Technology Research Association for Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Power Generation System and others. The project aimed at developing the accelerated test method which can evaluate in a short time the cell life of phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) and the lowering of characteristics. The accelerated test method of PAFC life is thought to be a tool indispensable for the promotion of commercialization, but the accelerated test method like the usual material evaluation has not yet been established. To solve this problem, procedures were developed to rationally plan the accelerated test on short stacks of full scale based on the small cell test data. Here, to rationally estimate the operational state under actual conditions based on the data on the accelerated test, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanism of deterioration of PAFC. By conducting in parallel the element study for the basic elucidation of cell deterioration phenomena, obtained was the useful information/knowledge which back up the results of the accelerated test scientifically. 168 figs., 33 tabs.

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Study of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo suiso denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of nickel-hydride storage battery for photovoltaic generation systems in fiscal 1994. (1) On the study on low-cost electrode materials, the physical properties and electrode characteristics were studied of the prototype hydrogen absorbing alloys prepared by substituting Cu or Ni for Co in Mm(Ni-Co-Mn-Al)5 (Mm: mixture of rare earth elements). The result clarified that it is difficult to reduce Co content in the alloy to 0.4 atom or less. Simple heat treatment and milling processes in production of hydrogen absorbing alloy electrodes were achieved by adopting an improved metal mold and gas atomization method. Characteristics and cycle life of the Ni positive electrode prepared by applying active paste material of Ni(OH)2 were studied, however, the result showed only lives of nearly 300 cycles. (2) On the study on electrode structure for high-performance (long-life) battery, the 3-D porous metal electrode support was evaluated, and various battery configurations were studied. 11 figs., 1 tab.

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use - Development of solar beam power generation and utilization systems and ancillary technologies (Research and development of new building material integrated solar cell modules - investigation and research on analysis of practical application); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shinkenzai ittaigata taiyo denchi module no kenkyu kaihatsu (jitsuyoka kaiseki ni kansuru chosa kenkyu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In order to promote the research to put new building material integrated solar cell modules into practical use, the following items were investigated: (1) functions and specifications for harmonizing with buildings, (2) new module materials that can respond to building materials, (3) marketability, (4) standardization of the assessment methods, (5) consistency with relevant legislation and related institutions, (6) effects on environment as building materials, and (7) investigation on technological trends inside and outside the country. In Item (1), the significance of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules was made clear. In Item (2), the performance requirements on the currently used module materials were put into order. In Item (3), the market size was investigated, and assignments to establishing the market were put into order, such as the distribution and construction institutions, and assistance to the system introduction. In Item (4), standardization and unification of the assessment methods were discussed, and the items to be standardized were extracted. In Item (6), LCA on the currently used modules was performed. In Item (7), participation was made to the second solar beam power generation conference and EUROSUN '98; investigations were made on trends of developing the new building material integrated solar cell modules and how the recycling related legislation is being progressed; and the achievements in the development activities were confirmed, and the assignments were investigated at the new building material integrated solar cell module subcommittee. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power utilizing system and peripheral technologies (Research and development for enhancing reliability of photovoltaic power generation - Research on environmental measures for compound solar cell modules); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (taiyoko hatsuden no shinraisei kojo ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu - kagobutsu taiyo denchi module no kankyo taisaku no chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research is conducted to properly deal with environmental problems, such as compromised solar cell safety, which may follow the mass introduction and diffusion of photovoltaic power systems. In the research of fiscal 1999 on technical literature on environmental measures against lead and animal tests, a need was found to reduce lead in power systems and to grasp lead elution characteristics for the establishment of environmental measures. In a safety test conducted for thin-film CIS (copper indium diselenide) based solar cells, basic data were collected about the vaporization rate of Se, the effect of moisture on the Se vaporization rate, etc. Basic data were also collected about the relationship between the combustion temperature and the amount of scattered lead in particular from the solder used as the conducting material in silicon based solar cells. In the evaluation of the environmental impact of thin-film CIS solar cells in case of fire, it was found that Se concentration below 10-20m in the plume was near the permissible concentration of 0.1mg/m{sup 3} as recommended by Japan Society for Occupational Health and that the concentration levels predicted for the periphery were two orders of magnitude smaller than the mandatory level. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of high-quality amorphous silicon film formation technologies using plasma separation); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (plasma bunri ni yoru kohinshitsu amorphous silicon maku seimaku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

When discharge plasma is applied for film formation, ions affect the quality of the resultant film. In the case of plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method, there exists correspondence between the radicals ratio SiH/H and solar cell conversion efficiency, and plasma measurement may be used for the control of film formation conditions. The state of distribution of radicals in discharge plasma is dependent on the type of radicals, and there is an optimum substrate position. Photoelectric characteristics are improved when a grid electrode is used for plasma separation. The surface of a transparent conductive film (ITO: indium-tin oxide) to be the substrate for film formation needs to be flat, and part of its Si is oxidized into SiO{sub 2} by generated oxygen. An ITO film coated by chemically stable SnO{sub 2} is useful. When the ion plating method is employed, film formation conditions are first selected, and then, in a heat treatment to follow, resistance films of various surface conditions are obtained. Carbon-added a-Si film formation conditions and the relationship between film qualities and solar cell characteristics are elucidated. In a solar cell of the p-i-n structure with an a-Si:C:H film acting as the p-layer, a conversion efficiency of 7.6% is achieved. (NEDO)

Research and development of peripheral technology for photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation; Shuhen gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden`yo redox denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the study results on R and D of redox flow battery for photovoltaic power generation in fiscal 1994. (1) On the production method of electrolyte, silica reduction treatment was attempted to use ammonium metavanadate recovered from boiler as electrolyte of redox flow battery. Silica removal rates more than 90% were achieved by crystallizing V as polyvanadate while keeping molten silica. It was ascertained in minicell experiment that trivalent and quadrivalent V electrolytes produced from recovered V are applicable to continuous charge/discharge operation for one week. (2) On development of battery systems, the relation between battery characteristics and physicochemical properties of carbon fiber electrodes was studied to improve carbon fiber electrodes. The efficiency of 80% was achieved at current density of 160mA/cm{sup 2} by use of layered electrodes, resulting in considerable cost reduction. Performance evaluation operation of the 2kW battery prepared in the last fiscal year was also carried out. 4 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon-based new materials); 1981 nendo amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous silicon kei shinzairyo no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In an a-Si{sub 1-x}Ge{sub x}:H film formed by decomposition in a glow discharge, since Ge-H is weaker than Si-H in terms of bonding, an increase in the amount of Ge decreases the amount of H and increases the number of Ge dangling bonds (DBs). Actually, however, H bonded to Si also decreases the number of DBs in Ge. This suggests that H is not working only to terminate DBs but that it also decreases the number of DBs through its structure-softening effect. In the case of a-Si{sub 1-x}C{sub x}:H, an increase in C results in an increase in H and in the number of DBs in both Si and C, this because C-H is stronger than Si-H in terms of bonding. F in a film is quite mobile. SiF and SiH in presence as distributed are found to decrease the number of DBs. Concerning the effect of hydrogen plasma processing for a-Si formed by thermolysis (CVD: chemical vapor deposition), the light transmission rate, absorption, ESR (electro-spin resonance) process time, and dependency on film thickness are investigated, and the relationship is examined between the defect-reducing effect of the H taken into the film and the transmission of light. It is found, as the result of experiments by a simplified molecular orbital method, that DBs stay in existence keeping away from where H or F is in presence. (NEDO)

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Research and development of elemental technologies for thin-type solar cells; Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usugata takessho taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sekikawa, T; Shimokawa, R; Yui, N; Takato, H; Takahashi, T; Ishii, K; Suzuki, E; Nagai, K; Kawanami, H; Tanimoto, J; Sakuta, H; Iwata, Y; Saito, N; Koyama, K; Sawada, S [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells. In order to analyze the structures of the grain boundaries in and interfaces with the cell substrate, and their effects on electrical activity, the photoluminescence (PL) measurement which enables spectroscopic analysis is applied to electromagnetically cast Si crystals. There are good correlations among PL luminous intensity, MBIC output and dislocation density for the grain boundary which contains many strains and serves as the dislocation source, because carriers in such a grain boundary easily disappear to reduce its luminous intensity at the band ends. Concrete scenarios for realizing thin-film silicon solar cells of high efficiency are presented, based on the analysis of the light-contained thin-film silicon solar cells of high output current, made in the previous year on a trial basis. An alumina substrate of high reflectivity is produced by the experiments of combining various devices. It is expected to realize high output current for the thin-film solar cells. 3 figs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon interface); 1984 nendo amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous silicon no kaimen no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

As for the formation of amorphous semiconductors by photo-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) processes, details are examined of a-Si formed by the excimer laser-excited photo-CVD process, a-SiC formed by the directly excited photo-CVD process, a-SiGe formed by the mercury sensitized reaction photo-CVD process, and {mu}c-Si formed by the mercury-sensitized reaction photo-CVD process. It is then found that all of the said materials are superior to a product of the plasma CVD process in terms of film quality. As for the fabrication of amorphous Si solar cells by a photo-CVD process, a 3-separate-chamber unit is built, in which all the p-, I-, and n-layer are formed by photo-CVD. It is then found that the introduction of a buffer layer into the p/I interface is a powerful tool to enhance efficiency and that the use of the buffer zone brings about an increase of 9% or more in conversion efficiency. In the case of an amorphous solar cell using monosilane, buffer layer introduction results in a conversion efficiency of 9.05%. (NEDO)

Method for estimation of the output electric power of PV module with considering environmental factors. Method for estimation of output using I-V curves; Kankyo inshi wo koryoshita taiyo denchi module no shutsuryoku keisanho. I-V tokusei curve ni yoru keisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamagami, Y; Tani, T [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

Based on the basic quality equation of photovoltaic (PV) cell, a quality equation of PV module has been constructed by considering the spectral distribution of solar radiation and its intensity. A calculation method has been also proposed for determining the output from current-voltage (I-V) curves. Effectiveness of this method was examined by comparing calculated results and observed results. Amorphous Si (a-Si) and polycrystal Si PV modules were examined. By considering the environmental factors, differences of the annual output between the calculated and observed values were reduced from 2.50% to 0.95% for the a-Si PV module, and from 2.52% to 1.24% for the polycrystal Si PV module, which resulted in the reduction more than 50%. For the a-Si PV module, the environmental factor most greatly affecting the annual output was the spectral distribution of solar radiation, which was 3.86 times as large as the cell temperature, and 1.04 times as large as the intensity of solar radiation. For the polycrystal PV module, the environmental factor most greatly affecting the annual output was the cell temperature, which was 7.05 times as large as the spectral distribution of solar radiation, and 1.74 times as large as the intensity of solar radiation. 6 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

Report on commissioned business for fiscal 1997. Development of new power storage system for cells and development of technology for distributed power storage (research for a zinc/air cell system for automobiles); 1997 nendo itaku gyomu hokokusho. Shingata denchi denryoku chozo system kaihatsu bunsangata denryoku chozo gijutsu kaihatsu (denki jidoshayo aen kuki denchi system chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Concerning the above, it is discussed whether such a system is feasible in Japan. A zinc/air cell system requires some special plants for zinc regeneration, etc. It is necessary to build a zinc refining plant and to install dozens of electrode replacing facilities in an area dozens of kilometers in diameter with the plant at the center. For such a system to be functional, there have to be several tens of thousands of automobile users in a limited area. In Japan, so large a number will not be found anywhere even if the appeal is directed to those in the postal service and electric utilities. There will be no economic success in Japan, different from in Germany. As for the economic comparison between a zinc/air cell system and natural gas system, the two will be equivalent to each other as far as the use of the quick filling stations for the natural gas automobiles remains as it is. When the number in consideration is so large as several tens of thousands, however, the natural gas system will turn out to be economically superior to the zinc/air cell system. 19 figs., 29 tabs.

Report on achievement in developing fuel cell power generation technology in fiscal 1998. Research and development of molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system (Test of the research result report); 1998 nendo nenryo denchi hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Yoyu tansan'engata nenryo denchi hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kenkyu seika no honbun)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

This paper summarizes the text of the research result report in the separate volume II-1 from among the fiscal 1998 report on the achievement made on researching and developing a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) power generation system. For the AC-DC type system whose high performance and large capacity stacks are being developed, detail designs were made on 250-kW class stack module assembly and installation procedure. At the same time, processing and forming were continued on such main components as electrodes, electrolyte plates and separators. The cells were assembled as modules, sintered, installed and adjusted. Aids were given by the process and control (PAC) test on devices and piping of the fuel cell system block. Cell life extension is also under study. For the parallel flow type stack, two 250-kW stacks were fabricated, and an overall adjustment test was begun thereon in March. For the reformer, an internal reforming system was developed for the 200-kW class system, whose adjustment test is scheduled for April 1999. Capacity increase is also under discussion. For practical use of MCFC, stack life of 40,000 hours is said required. The current status is at the level of exceeding 10,000 hours, but the necessity is seen in suppressing voltage drop associated with lapse of time. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 report. Development of an electric power storage system using new type batteries, and development of a discrete type electric power storage technology (Survey on trend in developing batteries for electric power storage); 1999 nendo shingata denchi denryoku chozo system kaihatsu bunsangata denryoku chozo gijutsu kaihatsu hokokusho. Denryoku chozoyo denchi no kaihatsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Demand is increasing in recent years in Japan on batteries for electric power storage to respond to load variation in electric power supply. If electric power storage batteries are applied for practical use, nighttime excess power can be stored appropriately, which can be discharged during day time when the demand is increased, so that the demand variation can be handled adequately. Secondary batteries, if used, are characterized by having much greater energy density and output density because of storing the electric energy as chemical energy than in pumped-storage power generation which stores the energy as the positional energy of water. Therefore, this paper describes the surveys performed on the trend of developing the power storage batteries inside and outside the country. Section 1 shows the current status of annual load rates in other countries, and the current conception on power storage in these countries. Section 2 states the current status of practical application of power storage batteries having been developed in Germany and the U.S.A. and performed of demonstration tests. Section 3 reports the current status of developing new type power storage batteries. Section 4 describes the current status of developing the power storage batteries for power users. (NEDO)

Metal oxide/hydrogen secondary battery; Kinzoku sankabutsu/suiso niji denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosobuchi, H.; Ema, M.

1995-12-12

Since the shape of powder produced by crushing the hydrogen storage alloy containing rare earth element varies widely, the density of the negative electrode made by packing the alloy powder is low. As a result, the secondary battery employing this negative electrode has a small discharge capacity. This invention solves the problem. Employing the hydrogen storage alloy containing rare earth element composed of particle shape of aspect ratio, A, of over 1.0 and below 3.0 gives rise to the negative electrode with high packing density, improving the discharge capacity of the metal oxide - hydrogen secondary battery. The more the shape of powder of hydrogen storage alloy containing rare earth element is near to sphere, the higher the packing density of negative electrode made of the hydrogen storage alloy containing rare earth element becomes. The preferable aspect ratio, A, of the powder is 1.0 {le} A {le} 2.0. Such alloy powder can be produced by mechanically grinding the rare-earth-element-containing hydrogen alloy ingot, or grinding by hydration, or grinding by atomizing followed by sieving. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Metal oxide-hydrogen secondary battery; Kinzoku sankabutsu-suiso niji denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosobuchi, H.; Edoi, M.; Katsumata, T.

1995-06-06

Recently, the metal oxide - hydrogen secondary battery characterized by employing the hydrogen storage alloy as the hydrogen negative electrode draws attention. However, the secondary batteries equipped with the negative electrode composed of hydrogen storage alloy powder have such shortcoming that the charge-discharge cycle life is rather short and it changes widely from battery to battery, as the hydrogen storage alloy is disintegrated. This invention solves the problem. Employing the alloy having a composition expressed as LmNi(w)Co(X)Mn(y)Al(z) (Lm = rare earth elements including La) can suppress the disintegration of hydrogen storage alloy powder during the charge-discharge cycle. In addition, controlling the oxygen content in the hydrogen storage alloy powder to 500 - 1500ppm can reduce the oxidation corrosion of the hydrogen storage alloy, resulting in suppression of its deterioration. 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Cell with scrolled electrodes. Uzumaki jo denkyokutai wo sonaeta denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamibayashi, M.; Morioka, Y. (Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan))

1990-10-03

Non-sintered electrode plates produced by direct filling of paste state active materials in metal fiber felt type porous body are proposed recently for use as electrode plates for alkali cells and the like. Although this type of electrode plates can be produced with a simple facility because sintering process is not required, it has a shorcoming of internal short circuiting because metal fibers pass through the separator due to fuzzing of metal fiber. According to this invention, a sheet comprising metallic fibers oriented at right angles against the scrolled direction of the electrode plate is stacked on the surface of the metal fiber felt type porous body sheet when it is scrolled with the interposed separator. As the result, fibers are not bent and does not protrude from the surface of sheet to pass through the separator because each metallic fiber comprising the metallic sheet on the surface are arranged at a right angle against the direction of scrolling of the porous sheet. 2 figs., 1 tab.

Achievement report for fiscal 1991 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of high-efficiency solar cells (Research on forbidden band width optimization); 1991 nendo kokoritsu taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kinsei taifuku no saitekika no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Research is conducted on film formation technologies etc. for the chalcopyritic compound semiconductors represented by CuInSe{sub 2} which is the most excellent of the materials for thin-film solar cells. As for the development of a encapsulated selenization method, research is conducted on an In formation method, temperature program for heat treatment, and Cu-In alloy film selenization, and then a CuInSe{sub 2} film less to suffer phase separation is obtained. In the development of a vaporized selenization method, the reactor tube and the temperature program are improved, and this results in a CuInSe{sub 2} film excellent in homogeneity. As for the evaluation of CuInSe{sub 2} film, photoluminescence is measured using a solid-phase selenized film, vapor-phase selenized film, and 3-source vapor-deposited film, and the result shows that photoluminescence-assisted CuInSe{sub 2} film evaluation is quite promising. In the development of ZnO film formation technologies, the MOCVD (metalorganic chemical vapor deposition) technology is almost complete, and film formation on a 10cm-square substrate is now practical. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1992 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of high-efficiency solar cells (Research on forbidden band width optimization); 1992 nendo kokoritsu taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kinsei taifuku no saitekika no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-03-01

Research is carried out on technologies concerning CuInSe{sub 2} thin-film solar cell manufacturing, thin film formation, thin film characterization, CdS, (CdZn)S formation, CuInSe{sub 2} single junction, analysis of the a-Si/CuInSe{sub 2} tandem solar cell operating theory, etc. In relation with the encapsulated selenization method for film formation for CuInSe{sub 2} thin-film solar cells, film constitution, film thickness, selenization temperature, etc., are studied for optimization. In relation with the vaporized selenization method, vaporized selenization is tested in a vacuum chamber aiming at improved homogeneity and reproducibility. In research on CdS and (CdZn)S which are window layer materials for CuInSe{sub 2} thin-film solar cells, CdS thin films are formed in a solution growth method using CdSO{sub 4} and (NH{sub 2}){sub 2}CS. In relation with the solution growth of the (CdZn)S crystal film, control of the Zn content in the film is now practicable. In the study of a-Si/CuInSe{sub 2} tandem solar cells, an analytical program is formulated, and calculation is made concerning the impacts of CuInSe{sub 2} forbidden band width and a-Si i-layer thickness. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1991 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of amorphous silicon solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon interface); 1991 nendo amorphous silicon taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous silicon no kaimen no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

The amorphous solar cell interface has been under study for the enhancement of efficiency and reliability in amorphous solar cells, and this is the compilation of the results achieved in fiscal 1991. In the effort to enhance delta-doped amorphous silicon solar cell efficiency, an amorphous Si solar cell is built using a ZnO film as the transparent conductive film. As the result, an a-Si solar cell with a conversion efficiency of 11.5% is obtained. In the research on the suppression of photodegradation in a-Si, from the viewpoint that a reduction in the amount of hydrogen contained excessively in the film will be effective in decelerating photodegradation, a photoexcited hydrogen radical treatment method is newly proposed, and basic studies are conducted on it. As the result, it is found that an a-Si film processed by a 20-second hydrogen treatment at a substrate temperature of 460 degrees C exhibits a lower photodegradation rate than an ordinary a-Si film. In the research on the deposition of amorphous Si film, a VHF frequency is used instead of 13.56MHz for plasma, and an amorphous Si film is deposited efficiently at a lower voltage at which ions cause less damage. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Project for fiscal 1997 on the international cooperation project. Cooperation in solar energy technologies among Japan, Australia and other countries; 1997 nendo new sunshine keikaku kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. Nichigo nado taiyo energy gijutsu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes the state of progress in the cooperation in solar energy technologies among Japan, Australia and other country, the memorandum concluded for the new project, and the activity report on the NEDO/MUERI project. The progress in the cooperation in solar energy technologies among Japan, Australia and other country is divided into that of the new project and that of the continued project. The former relates to the start of the long-term endurance test project for photovoltaic solar modules in Oman. The location of the endurance test is the Sultan Qaboos University in the suburb of Muscat. Modules subjected to the endurance test consist of ten modules of five types. The test will be performed on air temperature, humidity, wind directions, insolation on horizontal surface, insolation on slanted surface, ultraviolet ray intensity, module temperatures, and electric characteristics of the modules. The continued project is an outdoor endurance test for the photovoltaic solar modules begun in fiscal 1996, which is executed by the Murdock University Energy Research Institute (MUERI). The endurance test locations were selected at Darwin, Alice Springs and Perth. This paper reports the photovoltaic solar module endurance test and investigation, as well as the periodical consultations as the activity report of the NEDO/MUERI project. (NEDO)

Development of MCFC and PEFC technologies; Jisedai nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hori, M; Ozu, H; Sonai, A [Toshiba Corp. Tokyo (Japan)

1996-06-01

Next-generation fuel cells under development by Toshiba Corporation are outlined. The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has become stable in performance, which results from the conversion of the matrix group from the {gamma}-type to {alpha}-type LiAlO2. The cathode material is expected to withstand the elution of electrolyte for 20000 hours. The soft structure separator developed for stack constitution is expected to improve electrical contact and reduce the cost of stack. An appliance has been completed to tentatively produce every element concerned. During an actual operation, the structural soundness of the 2-cell stack was confirmed by thermal load tests. As for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), an interior humidification method has been developed using a porous material for supplying water to the polymer film. The amount of moisture can be controlled, which will enable a larger-area cell. A 1kW-class stack with a world-record-level 1200cm{sup 2} electrode area has been developed, which stack has shown that the target output has been attained. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency of the system including fuel treatment has been examined. 10 figs.

Fiscal 1976 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells); 1976 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-6 zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-31

This report describes the fiscal 1976 research result on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells for photovoltaic power generation systems. The research aims at the system less than 1/100 in cost. Vapor deposition resulted in failure to obtain high-efficiency cells. Vapor-phase growth revealed Cd-Te single-crystal solar cell is promising, however, resulted in failure to obtain high-efficiency thin film elements. Both chemical deposition and sintering succeeded in mass production of prototype high-efficiency elements equal in performance. However, since chemically deposited CdS film is too thin having higher serial resistance, it requires In{sub 2}O{sub 3} auxiliary transmissive electrodes on glass substrates. Since CdTe film and CdS film also require completely different vapor deposition processes in hetero- junction, chemical deposition is more disadvantageous in cost than sintering. CdTe thin film fabricated by screen printing/sintering is most promising. Since Cd is harmful to human bodies, study was made on pollution preventive measures in its production or use stage, and accidents or fires, obtaining some results. (NEDO)

Change of photovoltaic module conversion efficiency with the environmental factors in different site. Comparison of the conversion efficiency in Tokyo with the one in Nagano; Kotonaru chiten ni okeru taiyo denchi module no shutsuryoku tokusei no henka. Tokyoto Shinjukuku to Naganoken Chinoshi tono hikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higuchi, T.; Tani, T.; Hirata, Y.; Inasaka, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Assuming that photovoltaic power systems were installed at two points, Shinjuku Tokyo and Chino Nagano, a study was conducted of difference in generated output of the systems caused by the difference in environmental factors. In the study, it was assumed that two of the photovoltaic power system with rated capacity of 3kW were installed at the two points, and the annual generated output was calculated and compared by the conventional method considering only cell temperature and the output estimation method considering intensity of solar radiation, cell temperature, and spectral distribution of solar radiation. The result of the study was as follows: the difference in output ratio at the two points was 1.7% or lower under the influence of intensity of solar radiation and cell temperature. On the other hand, under the influence of the distribution of spectral solar radiation, the difference is larger than under other environmental factors, 2.4% in polycrystalline Si and 5.5% in amorphous Si. The generated output estimated by the conventional method and the spectral method produced a difference between 81 kWh in Tokyo and 258 kWh in Nagano in amorphous Si. This is because environmental factors such as intensity of solar radiation and distribution of spectral solar radiation are different between the two points. 1 ref., 2 figs., 3 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Optical research on electronic state in amorphous silicon. (Research and development of amorphous solar cells); 1984 nendo amorphous silicon no denshi jotai no kogakuteki kenkyu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

For realizing a high-performance amorphous solar cell, research is conducted on how to evaluate the amorphous silicon film formed by glow discharge decomposition as regards its optical and photoelectric characteristics, basic physical properties of its electronic states, and its film quality and film forming conditions. Research is conducted on the mechanism of glow discharge decomposition reaction using plasma spectroscopic techniques and on the conditions of film formation, when low-temperature SiO{sub 2} film growth is caused to occur by a directly excited photo-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method in which a deuterium lamp and Xe lamp are the exciting light sources and SiH{sub 4} and O{sub 2} are the source gases. In research on the mechanism of photoelectric conversion in an a-Si film p-I-n junction system, a method is developed of evaluating physical property parameters in accordance with a field drift type photovoltaic effect model. In research on the evaluation of the optical properties of a-Si films using modulation spectroscopy and polarization analysis, electronic states in the vicinity of the a-Si based thin film band end is examined using an ER method which is one of the modulation spectrometric methods. The constitution and electronic states of a-Si films are studied using a high-speed ion beam scattering method and electronic spectrometry. (NEDO)

Achievement report on Sunshine Program research and development for fiscal 1981. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Optical research of electronic state in amorphous silicon); 1981 nendo amorphous silicon no denshi jotai no kagakuteki kenkyu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

The basic physical properties of glow discharge-decomposed amorphous silicon film are studied. The performance of an a-Si p-i-n (amorphous silicon positive-intrinsic-negative) junction solar cell is found to be greatly affected by the binding of carriers along the p-i or i-n interface. A new concept is introduced, which is useful in the study of the photo-produced carrier collection process. The distance between the plasma excitation center and the substrate and the intensity of the electric field just above the substrate are changed systematically for the evaluation of film quality and for the study of film formation mechanism. It is found that plasma excitation as a mechanism of film deposition, the transportation of excited seeds to the substrate, and the incorporation of film constituting atoms into the film are important. A high-speed ion beam technique is used for the analysis of impurities. In the case of a-Si or a-SiC deposition by glow discharge decomposition, metallic Sn or In is deposited along the interface and diffused into the deposited film. The diffusion is closely related to the performance of solar cells, and a 2-layer structure incorporating the merits of both ITO (indium-tin oxide) and SnO{sub 2} films is found suitable for this purpose. Using an a-SiC:H/a-Si:H heterojunction solar cell, a conversion efficiency of 8.04% is achieved. (NEDO)

Research and development of system to utilize photovoltaic energy. Survey on the high-durability and low-cost materials for constructing the solar-cell module and its structure; Taiyoko hatsuden riyo system no kenkyu. Taiyo denchi module yo kotaikyusei tei cost zairyo, kozo ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tatsuta, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

This paper reports the results obtained during fiscal 1994 on a survey on the high-durability and low-cost materials for constructing the solar-cell module and on its structure. With respect to forms and materials used in the present solar-cell modules, identification was made on the current status of products commercially available and developed inside and outside Japan. Main types of solar cells used for electric power are of crystal-based silicon. Amorphous silicon and CdS-CdTe are used for consumer applications of indoor and outdoor use. As regards transparent resin materials, fluorine resin, PET, acryl, and polyimide are used as surface materials, and EVA, silicon and PVB are often used as fillers. Developments inside and outside Japan are limited to systems of polycarbonate, methacryl, fluorine, polyurethane, acryl and polyester. Butyl rubber and polyurethane are used as sealing materials. Developments are being performed on silicon rubber, polychloroprene rubber and EPT rubber for shaped materials, and silicon systems, urethane systems and polysulfide systems for non-shaped materials. 3 figs., 8 tabs.

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on photovoltaic power generation system (R and D on 2-6 group compound semiconductor solar cells); 1974 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 2-6 zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-05-31

This report summarizes the fiscal 1974 research result on 2- 6 group compound semiconductor solar cells. To obtain a probability of the technology for producing photovoltaic power generation systems at a cost less than 1/100 of those by current technology, this research aims at establishment of the pollution-free production technology of the titled solar cells, and development of an innovative photovoltaic power generation system using such solar cells. The research is composed of (1) study on deterioration mechanism, (2) measures against pollution, and (3) basic study on the production system of such semiconductors. In the 1st research, the analysis result showed that deterioration under solar radiation or by short circuit is derived from an increase in resistance around a positive electrode and a decrease around a junction caused by change in Cu{sub 2}S composition due to migration of Cu ions in a Cu{sub 2}S layer by photo current. In the 2nd research, study was made on preventive technology of Cd pollution. In the 3rd research, basic study was made on the production systems of semiconductors such as sintering, chemical separating and vapor-phase growth for cost reduction. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1991 report. International Fuel Cell Conference; Nenryo denchi kokusai symposium hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1992-03-01

Lectures, presentations, and questions given at the event involved items 1) Plenary session, 2) Technology development strategies, 3) Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), 4) Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), 5) Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), 6) Other fuel cells, and item 7) Closing session. Under item 1), current states and prospects of technological development were reported by Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of Japan and by industrial technology developing organizations of the U.S. and Europe. Under item 2), a report was given by the U.S. about a fuel cell-driven automobile developing program. Under item 3), a report was given on the exchange of information about plant operation, maintenance, and inspection with importance attached to accuracy. Under item 4), reports were given about a 70kW stack operating program of the U.S. and a 1MW stack pilot plant program of Japan. Under item 5), some NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) projects and a 25kW stack operating test of Westinghouse Electric Corporation were reported. What were learned through participation in this conference are mentioned below. Japan is in the forefront as far as the development of PAFC and MCFC technologies are concerned. The U.S. is ahead of Japan in the development of SOFC while also in Japan efforts to develop element technologies for SOFC are in progress steadily. The U.S. and European countries lead Japan in the development of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). (NEDO)

Gas replacement system for fuel cell. Nenryo denchi no gas chikan hoshiki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, T

1990-02-14

When stopping the operation of a fuel cell, the gas in the reaction gas system is purged using such an inert gas as nitrogen for inactivation. A gas source such as inert gas bomb must be prepared beforehand for the purpose. This invention relates to a method of production of inert gas from the air collected from atmosphere to use it as the purge gas. The air collected from the atmosphere is passed through an oxygen remover filled with oxidation catalyst to remove oxygen, and dehumidified by a dehumidifier filled with drying agent, the obtained inert drying gas with nitrogen as the main constituent being used as the purge gas. Copper system catalyst supported by silica is used as the oxidation catalyst, and silica gel as the drying agent. After the operation of the fuel cell is re-started, a part of the high temperature fuel gas extracted from the reaction gas system is introduced to the oxygen remover for the reduction of oxidation catalyst and for heat regeneration of dehumidifying agent by the contained hydrogen. 1 fig.

Introductory asphalt technology; Nyumon asphalt gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muroga, G. [Mitsubishi Oil Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-28

The type and applications, manufacturing method, characteristics, road pavement etc. of asphalt were introduced. Among the petroleum asphalts, straight asphalt is used for road pavement,industry, and combustion, while blown asphalt is mainly used for the waterproofness of a building. Also, the demand for modified asphalt where rubber or thermoplastic elastomer was mixed is increasing. Straight asphalt is obtained by allowing atmospheric distillation tower bottom oil to be subjected to reduced pressure distillation and drawing reduced pressure gas oil and lubrication oil cut. Blown asphalt is produced by the oxidation dehydrogeneration and condensation polymerization reaction of soft straight asphalt. Rheology characteristics of asphalt are expressed by stiffness, relaxation elastic modulus, complex elastic modulus, etc. Also, asphalt has high electrical dielectric properties. Asphalt pavement has functions for dispersing traffic load and then transferring it to a lower layer, for resisting wear and cracking, and for preventing penetration of rainwater. 30 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

FY 1994 Report on the results of the joint research project for optimum introduction of development of fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers; 1994 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu saiteki donyu chosa seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-05-01

Described herein are the FY 1994 results of the joint research project for optimum introduction of development of fuel cell technologies for urban energy centers or the like. The necessary economic conditions for introduction of a fuel cell system to be competitive with the conventional system which individually supplies electric power and heat are 250,000 yen/kW as the construction unit cost, 0.10m{sup 2}/kW as the installation area, 5 years as the cell body life, use of an inexpensive fuel gas (2 to 6 yen/Mcal). Moreover, it is an indoor system which shall have the operational characteristics to follow daily demand fluctuations while operating under the optimum conditions in the urban redevelopment area considered. A 5,000kW-class fuel cell plant burning fuel gas (2 yen/Mcal) will need a total floor area of approximately 400,000 m{sup 2} in an energy-intensive office type demand area. These conditions shall be met in order to economically introduce the 5,000kW-class plant. It is also necessary to compare the plant with the competitive cogeneration plants. The specifications for the prototype now under consideration are sufficient for the energy-saving effect, and it is premised that these specifications and characteristics are secured. (NEDO)

Improvement of the efficiency characteristics on the photovoltaic generation system based on a generation control circuit. Part 3. Research on architectural systematization of energy conversion devices; Dosaten seigyo kairo wo mochiita taiyo denchi hatsuden koritsu no kaizen. 3. Energy henkan no kenchiku system ka ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, T.; Ito, N.; Kimura, G.; Fukao, S.; Sunaga, N.; Tsunoda, M.; Muro, K. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo (Japan)

1996-10-27

In introducing a photovoltaic power generation system to urban homes, the general practice is to install a large number of solar cell panels on the roof. However, as is often the case, a part of the solar cell panels is in the shadows (partial shadows) of neighboring homes, electric poles, cables and trees. Under the circumstances, studies were made on the numerous changes in the lowered generating capacity of individual solar cells by the partial shadows. Developed by the authors were the generation point control principle, in which the generation point was individually controlled on serially connected plural solar cell modules, and a practical circuit system based on that principle with the effects verified in a field test. In the test, the generated power of the system was 476W without partial shadows, and was 323W with partial shadows and without the operation of the generation point control circuit, increasing to 406W with partial shadows and with the operation of the circuit. As a result, compared with the case where no generation point control circuit was employed, the effectiveness of the proposed circuit was evident. 3 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.

Sunshine Program achievement report for fiscal 1981. Research and development of photovoltaic power systems (Research and development of solar cells using II-VI group compound semiconductors); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. II-VI zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

An excellent sintered film is acquired when 0.3% SO{sub 4}{sup 2-} is added to the raw material for the preparation of a CdS film starting material. A CdS film is burned at 600 degrees C, this temperature being lower than the conventional temperature (690 degrees C), and then reburned at the same temperature of 600 degrees C. The resultant device is found low in performance. For the preparation of paste for CdTe film, the material is pulverized into grains of the same size, and this stabilizes device performance. Burning temperatures are also reviewed. Carbon electrodes, Ag-In electrodes, etc., are also reviewed, and 92% of the devices produced under the currently optimum mass production conditions are found to have a conversion efficiency of 4% or higher. The best one is found to exhibit a conversion efficiency of 8.29%. In the study of the method of module constitution, the structure of cross section is improved, the manufacturing process is stabilized, and simplification is carried out. The reliability of the 5 times 10cm{sup 2} substrate device manufactured in this fiscal year is found greatly improved. It is found also that degradation it suffers is attributed to an episode occurring in the interface between CdTe and carbon. A module in which two of the devices manufactured here are connected in series is tested. It exhibits no degradation when exposed to outdoor conditions, but its conversion efficiency is substantially degraded in a moisture test. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells (Research using pilot test facility - for public release); 2000 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, research and development was conducted of a coal gas production technology using the oxygen-blown coal gasification technology, and the fiscal 2000 results are put together. In the construction of the pilot test facility, part of the road in the site was constructed as continued from the preceding fiscal year. In the construction of the coal gasification facility, some of the devices were built, which were the coal feeding system, coal gasification furnace, heat recovery boiler, and the char recovery device, and some of the thus-built devices and procured devices were installed. In the study of the control of the operation of the oxygen-blown coal gasification system, the pilot test facility was divided into unit devices and, for each of the unit devices, detailed procedures for pre-start preparation, start, stop, and for the stop of accessorise were deliberated, and important operating steps were worked out. Timing charts were prepared for the operation of each of the facilities during plant start/stop operations. In the effort to deal with serious accidents, special operation procedures were studied and prepared on the case-by-case basis. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1975 Sunshine Project research report. General research on hydrogen energy subsystems and their peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell system); 1975 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1976-03-01

In fiscal 1974, the domestic and overseas developmental states of fuel cell bodies were surveyed, and some problems on the interconnection between a fuel cell system and power system were studied. Since the maximum outputs of conventional fuel cells are only nearly 10kW, however, those from several hundreds kW to several ten thousands kW are required for buildings or commercial power facilities, in the fiscal 1975, some supposed problems derived from such scale- up of fuel cells were extracted to study their solutions. Study was made on 4 kinds of fuel cells such as alkaline electrolyte, acidic electrolyte, molten salt electrolyte and solid electrolyte fuel cells, and fuel modifier for generating hydrogen. As preliminary modeling work for dynamic performance analysis of fuel cell systems, study was made on scale of the model, DC devices and equipment for customers, environmental impact, power supply reliability, various characteristics and problems in load variation including start and stop, and kinds of accidents and their measures. (NEDO)

Proceedings of JSES/JWEA Joint Conference (1997); Taiyo/Furyoku energy koen ronbunshu (1997)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-11-25

The paper includes 114 papers made public in the JSES/JWEA Conference held in Toyohashi University of Technology on November 28 and 29, 1997. In the field of the photovoltaic power system, included were papers titled Photovoltaic system at Nagaoka College of Technology, Generation characteristics of photovoltaic power generation equipment at TEPCO R and D Center. As to solar cell modules, Change of photovoltaic module conversion efficiency with the environmental factors in different site, Change of environmental factors in different site which effect the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic module, etc. In relation to the solar hot water system, Investigation of the simulation for the solar DHW system by TRNSYS, etc. Concerning the hydrogen production, Experimental study of hydrogen generation by water electrolysis using solar battery, etc. About solar houses/buildings, Study on indoor pollution by microbes grown in a solar house in Tokyo, etc. Besides, papers in the following fields were included: wind power, wave power, hybrid systems, space heating/cooling and air conditioning, solar energy collection, heat pumps, etc

Prospects to solar energy power generation in space. Uchu taiyo hatsuden eno tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kudo, I. (Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-05-01

Solar energy power generation in space uses large arrays of solar cells developed on a geosynchronous orbit to obtain electric energy, which is transmitted to the earth using microwaves. The idea had already been advocated in 1968, which was followed a decade later by joint discussions done by NASA and DOE. The concept intended to take care of the U.S. power demand by using 60 power plant satellites, each having an output of 5 GW. This expanse of the scale, regarded reasonable even today, calls for the solar cell arrays in space spreading over an area of 10 km [times] 5 km if silicon solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 15% are used, and rectenna on the ground (a received wave converting facility) forming an ellipse of 10 km [times] 13 km (assuming a location at the north latitude of 36[degree]). Although there are a number of problems in the idea such as transportation means to lift construction materials into the space and effect of microwaves on the ionosphere and the ecosystems, the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology organized a 'committee for investigating and studying the space power generation systems' in the fiscal year 1991, and has been moving discussions forward since then. 7 refs., 5 figs.

Proceedings of JSES/JWEA Joint Conference (1996); Taiyo/furyoku energy koen ronbunshu (1996)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-10-27

The proceedings has 10 papers on photovoltaic power systems, 9 on characteristics of solar cells, 5 on residential use photovoltaic power systems, 3 on solar cars, 6 on solar hybrids, 9 on solar energy storage, 5 on passive solar energy, 4 on power generation/hydrogen production, 5 on wind power, 5 on wind power/wave power, 7 on insolation/meteorology, 3 on heat collection, 9 on air cooling/conditioning, 4 on hot water supply systems, 6 on heat pumps, and 5 on the application to biotechnology. As a special lecture, `The development of a new electric vehicle, EcoVehicle, and the environment` was given by National Institute for Environmental Studies. This was taken notice of as a new concept of electric vehicles. Namely, technologies were collected which are useful for improving electric vehicle performance, and technologies which can use due to the electric vehicle were adopted. The vehicle was so designed as to make good use of characteristics of electric vehicles. As a result, born was `EcoVehicle,` a two-seater having a car width of 1.2m and a car length of 3.3m. The vehicle was installed with polycrystalline solar cells on the roof and spoiler, and has a maximum output of 60W. It can travel 1000km per year when assuming annual duration of sunshine to be 1800 hours.

Survey on peripheral techniques of brown coal liquefaction techniques; Kattan ekika gijutsu ni kansuru shuhen gijutsu no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-09-01

Described herein are results of survey on brown coal liquefaction techniques and peripheral techniques, centered by COSTEAM process under development in USA, solubilization by alcohol and liquefaction and cracking with the aid of tetrahydroquinoline as the hydrogen donor under development in Japan, and low-temperature carbonization and new promising techniques. The COSTEAM process shows higher reaction rates, conversions and oil yields for brown coal liquefaction than the one using hydrogen gas. Some of the problems involved in this process high viscosity and oxygenated compound content of the product oil. The product oil is acceptable as fuel for power generating plants and can be produced at a moderate cost, but may be unsuitable as vehicle fuel. Coal liquefaction and solubilization processes are mainly represented by those which use hydrogen. The hydrogen cost, which is high, determines the product price. The processes which use alcohol or tetrahydroquinoline are still in the experimental stage. (NEDO)

Present condition and the future of photovoltaic generating systems. Part 5. Future perspective of photovoltaic power systems; Taiyo hikarihatsuden system no genjo to shorai. 5. Taiyo hikarihatsuden system no shorai tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horigome, T

1994-12-20

In this paper, as the future perspective of photovoltaic power systems, the establishment of the legal environment for the popularization of the photovoltaic power systems in large amounts and the future prediction of the popularization of power generation are described. Specially the following grand ideas are introduced: building in high seas regeneratable energy transformation plants with solar energy as the main energy, generating combined power of photovoltaic, solar heat, wave and temperature difference of the sea water, biomass, solar-bio power generating without CO2 exhaustion, building hard solar plants to produce electricity, hydrogen, methanol and fresh water from regeneratable energy, and breeding fish, shells and see weed in the sea pasture land under the plants, which are the so called `Energy sea pasture high breed plants (REPO Plan)` and also space power generating i.e. setting up special satellites for solar power generation in synchronous orbits, generating power through solar batteries or solar heat and then transmitting it to the earth through microwave. 12 refs., 4 figs.

Next-generation coal utilization technology development study. Environmentally-friendly coal combustion technology; topping cycles; Sekitan riyo jisedai gijutsu kaihatsu chosa. Kankyo chowagata sekitan nensho gijutsu bun`ya (topping nensho gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

As a realistic measure to reduce environmental pollutants emitted from coal-fueled boilers, a developmental study was conducted of high-efficient combustion systems. In fiscal 1994, four types of topping cycles which are different in system structure and gasifier type were selected, and topping cycles assuming a 300MW-class power plant were trially designed. Further, an evaluation of adaptability of these systems was made, and an selection of the optimum system for the early development was made among the systems. As a result, the evaluation was obtained that `a system using air blown gasifier` is most suitable for conducting the next-stage research. In the element test on the topping combustion technology, collection was made of data of desulfurization activity, desulfurization oxidation mechanism and alkali metal behavior at the laboratory level, data of temperatures and gas concentration distribution in coal gasification, data of simulation of the gasifier reaction, and the other data. 262 figs., 66 tabs.

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation systems. (Research and development of solar cells of II-VI group compound semiconductor); 1977 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. II-VI zoku kagobutsu handotai taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at establishment of techniques for pollution-free production of II-VI group compound semiconductor type solar cells. The research items are (1) measures against aging, (2) methods for production of II-VI group compound semiconductors and for forming their joints, and (3) method for assembling solar cell devices.For the item (1), the aging tests are conducted for sintered film type CdS/CdTe solar cells. The C electrode is found to be less aged than the others. The aging tests for the CdS/Cu{sub 2}S cells indicate that it takes 10 years or longer for the performance to be halved under commercial conditions. For the item (2), the sintered film type CdS/CdTe solar cells can be produced by a mass-producible process of screen printing and belt furnace. This production method is promising for producing the solar cells at low cost. For the item (3), it is found that series resistance of the solar cell devices increases as the assembly area increases, resulting in decreased conversion efficiency. The divided structure of the CdTe layer is desired to avoid the above problem. Dividing each unit device increases intrinsic conversion efficiency, but decreases effective power generation area ratio. It is therefore necessary to improve printing precision. (NEDO)

Both hydrogen and electricity chargeable battery; Suiso to denki de juden kanona denchi kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-06-01

Kuriyama group of the Osaka Industrial Research Institute developed a new air-metallic hydride battery that is chargeable by both electricity and hydrogen gas. The battery uses a hydrogen storage alloy as the negative pole and uses active carbon coated with platinum as the positive pole. Potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is used as the electrolyte, and a space is arranged in the negative pole for contacting and absorbing the hydrogen with a good efficiency. The key point is the development of the hydride for energy storage that can well absorbs the hydrogen gas even it is dampened by the electrolyte. And the pole is prepared by pulverized the particles of rare earth hydrogen storage alloy having the particle size smaller than 150 micron meter, forming a Ni layer for a catalyst to absorb hydrogen, adding fluorinated resin dispersant for the sake of repellency and forming a sheet. In a test running, a half of hydrogen storage capacity is realized by charging for 30 minutes. And, 0.6 V electricity of 10 mA per unit pole area of 1cm{sup 2} is continuously obtained for 17 hours during discharging. While a third electrode is formed by nickel hydroxide, the battery is chargeable and dischargeable as the same as nickel hydrogen battery. Low cost and small size can be expected by a combination of respectively prepared fuel battery with nickel hydrogen battery. (translated by NEDO)

Achievement Report for fiscal 1997 on developing a silicon manufacturing process with reduced energy consumption. Development of silicon mass-production manufacturing technology for solar cells; 1997 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu. Taiyo denchiyo silicon ryosanka seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

In order to manufacture silicon for solar cells, development is intended on a technology to manufacture silicon (SOG-Si) for solar cells by means of metallurgical methods using metallic silicon with purity generally available as an interim starting material. The silicon is required of p-type electric conductivity characteristics with specific resistance of 0.5 to 1.5 ohm per cm, to be sufficient even with 6-7N as compared to silicon for semiconductors (11-N), and to be low in cost. While the NEDO fluid bed process and the metallurgical NEDO direct reduction process have been developed based on the technology to manufacture silicon for semiconductors, the basic policy was established to develop a new manufacturing method using commercially available high-purity metallic silicon as an interim starting material, with an objective to achieve cost as low as capable of responding to small-quantity phase production for proliferation purpose. Removal of boron and phosphor has been the main issue in the development, whereas SOG-Si was manufactured in a laboratory scale by combining with the conventional component technologies in fiscal 1991 and 1992. The scale was expanded to 20 kg since fiscal 1993, and a five year plan starting fiscal 1996 was decided to develop the technology for industrial scale. Fiscal 1997 has promoted the development by using the 20-kg scale device, and introduced facilities to develop technology for mass-production scale. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of silicon manufacturing process to rationalize energy usage (Development of mass production technology for solar-grade silicon); 1998 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo silicon ryosanka seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the proliferation stage of solar cells, a technology is required to manufacture low-cost SOG-Si that can handle small quantity production. Development is being made on a manufacturing technology using high purity metallic silicon (99.5%) as the raw material. Considering that the subject impurities are P, B and metallic impurities (Fe, Ti and Al), a manufacturing method consisting of the following processes is being developed: metallic silicon/phosphorus removal, solidification and rough refining/boron removal, solidification and fine refining. Discussions are being advanced on phosphorus removal by using a large electron beam fusion equipment, and at the same time, the discussions are supported by fabricating and installing a large equipment intended of removing boron and the metallic impurities. Boron is removed by oxidizing it with steam. Therefore, the basic mechanism of the equipment is to spray argon plasma added with steam onto the molten silicon surface. In boron removal, diffusion of boron onto the reaction interface in the primary reaction determines the rate. A boron removal rate for B/10 to 0.1 ppm of 45 kg/h as maximum was achieved. The derived silicon has met the requirement. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report on overseas technology concerning R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu kaigai gijutsu chosa hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technologies for ultra high purity separation/processing, ultra fine particle crystal control, and high functional organic material synthesis and support. The results were classified into four categories and, on the basis of the results, the researchers paid a visit to and had a conference with related organizations overseas, for the purpose of exchanging opinions with European and American specialists and extracting evaluation and problems of the results. On laser CVD/organic thin film technology, eight institutions including University College London were visited by the researchers, with opinions exchanged on eight subjects such as studies on synthesis of high functional metallic thin film using the laser MOCVD method. On new materials/processing technology, seven institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of four researches such as preparation of Pb-based ferroelectric thin film using multi-ion-beam sputtering method. On micro-structure characterization technology, six institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of nine studies such as micro-structure characterization by transmission electron microscopy. On ion CVD/ion implantation technology, five institutions including The University of Salford were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of seven researches such as creation and utilization of ultra-high vacuum. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report on overseas technology concerning R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu kaigai gijutsu chosa hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technologies for ultra high purity separation/processing, ultra fine particle crystal control, and high functional organic material synthesis and support. The results were classified into four categories and, on the basis of the results, the researchers paid a visit to and had a conference with related organizations overseas, for the purpose of exchanging opinions with European and American specialists and extracting evaluation and problems of the results. On laser CVD/organic thin film technology, eight institutions including University College London were visited by the researchers, with opinions exchanged on eight subjects such as studies on synthesis of high functional metallic thin film using the laser MOCVD method. On new materials/processing technology, seven institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of four researches such as preparation of Pb-based ferroelectric thin film using multi-ion-beam sputtering method. On micro-structure characterization technology, six institutions including MIT were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of nine studies such as micro-structure characterization by transmission electron microscopy. On ion CVD/ion implantation technology, five institutions including The University of Salford were visited, with opinions exchanged on the results of seven researches such as creation and utilization of ultra-high vacuum. (NEDO)

Next-generation coal utilization technology development study. Environmentally-friendly coal combustion technology; O2/CO2 combustion technology; Sekitan riyo jisedai gijutsu kaihatsu chosa. Kankyo chowagata sekitan nensho gijutsu (sanso nensho gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

For the purpose of developing combustion systems in which environmental pollutants are less emitted from coal-fired boilers, conducted in fiscal 1994 were a study of load followability of oxygen producing equipment, and element and basic tests on oxygen combustion systems. Dynamic simulations were made to confirm load followability of low-purity oxygen producing equipment. Further, a test was made on starting time of oxygen producing equipment. As a result of the simulation, favorable load followability was confirmed except for some of the process. The width of variation of the product oxygen purity was {plus_minus} 0.7% at maximum. In the element test on oxygen combustion systems, an experiment on the oxygen combustion using pulverized coal was conducted to study heat collection characteristics of furnace and response to multi-kind of coal. A study of balance of S content, experiments on characteristics of crushing/transporting pulverized coal, etc. were added. There were seen no peculiar differences in CO2 transport and air transport. 216 figs., 31 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 research report. Research on the long-term energy technology strategy (Basic research on the industrial technology strategy (Material technology field)); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research clarifies the future social issues and targets of industrial technology in a material field including metal, inorganic, organic, polymer and fiber materials, and proposes the strategy for achieving such targets, based on research on changes in science and technology trend (technical innovation), and analysis on present and future industrial and technical competition powers. The future basic technologies for enhancing such competition powers are as follows: (1) Resource/energy-saving production process, (2) Design/evaluation technology for fine textures or in an atomic level, (3) Divergence toward high-purity and composite materials, (4) Improvement of a functionality, (5) Improvement of surface treatment technologies, and (6) Development of new materials and production technologies by using computer. The following 5 strategies are proposed based on the common understanding that the Japanese material industry achieves the best material technology innovation in the world by 2010: (1) Material technology strategy, (2) Strong cooperation among the industry, university and government, (3) Preparation of an intellectual base and a standardization strategy, (4) Reform of intellectual property rights, and (5) Resource strategy. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research on amorphous silicon defect density); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (Amorphous silicon no kekkan mitsudo no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

So as to determine the energy distribution of defect level density in a-Si, which is indispensable for an optimum solar cell design, the hitherto unclear theoretical relationship between the field effect method and MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) capacity method is made clear, and a unified theory is newly established. A high-speed totally automatic evaluation system is developed, capable of high-accuracy determination of defect levels. For the realization of an a-Si MOS structure required for fulfilling the above purpose, a-Si is grown and then diborane and ammonia are subjected to a glow discharge decomposition process for the formation of a new insulation film. It is found that the material may be utilized for MOS structure construction for defect density evaluation. Studies are conducted on plasma emission spectroscopy and infrared absorption analysis for the elucidation of growth mechanism for the growth of high-quality a-Si. Key radicals in plasma that govern film growth are investigated. It is disclosed that excited hydrogen in plasma plays an important part in microcrystalline phase deposition. It is also disclosed that hydrogenation greatly improves on CVD (chemical vapor deposition) a-Si doping efficiency. (NEDO)

Automobiles and safety; Jidosha gijutsu. Jidosha to anzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawakami, K.; Goto, T.; Shimizu, T.; Yamanaka, A. [Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Aichi (Japan)

1998-08-01

The number of road traffic victims in Japan has been above the level of 10,000 annually during 8 consecutive years, but in 1996 and 1997, it becomes below this level. The casualty of road traffic accidents is found to be occurred during driving and senior persons account for a large part among victims while 55.1% of the case took place at night. As for the countermeasures, it is possible to indicate the regulatory strengthening, advancement of accident investigation and analysis, provision of safety information to the user and research and development of advanced safety vehicle (ASV). Concerning preventive safety, studies on the human recognition, systems for assisting judgement and running and so on can be enumerated. The ASV is in the course of 2nd program that lasts until 2001 with 6 safety research subjects such as prevention, collision, automatic operation, containment of disaster from expanding and so forth. In terms of post-accident safety, remarkable research and development have been conducted on collision by means of dummy and human body, human resistance against injury, air bag for rider protection and child seat, and especially the form comparison of interior materials for head protection apparatus as well as study via simulation, together with commercialization of side bag for reducing head damages. As for car body materials, energy absorption by pillar type elements, use of aluminum materials, resistance comparison and design concept of structural separation and so on are being carried out. 69 refs., 1 fig.

Microbial EOR technology; Biseibutsu EOR gijutsu no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taguchi, M.; Yonebayashi, E. [Tech. Research Center, Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-11-10

This paper describes attempts of establishing an oil recovery technology utilizing microorganisms and of aiming at improving the practicability of that technology. Fiscal 1994 has investigated effects of inorganic salts existing in reservoir beds and NaCl concentrations on proliferation of microorganisms and production of metabolites. The investigation was intended to discuss applicability of microorganisms to environments that are brought closer to actual field conditions. Furthermore, a core sweeping test using sandstone was carried out on the fiscal 1992 separated bacteria, the 4118 bacteria, that has high surfactant production capability. In addition, a sand pack was used to perform a flooding experiment under conditions of 50{degree}C and 50 KSC to evaluate functionality of microorganisms when environments in the reservoir bed are simulated with respect to pressures and temperatures. An oil recovering experiment was carried out using a sandstone with a diameter of 1.5 inches, a length of 1.0 foot and permeability of 600 md, and using Bacillus subtilis 4118 bacteria which attained the lowest interfacial tension among the bacteria examined. A recovery rate of 4.4% Sor was derived in the experiment. A recovery rate of 29.0% Sor at maximum was obtained when Bacillus licheniformis 18-2-a bacteria was supplied into a sand pack filled with silica sand. 20 figs., 7 tabs.

Paradigm for new scientific technology; Shinkagaku gijutsu paradigm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shindo, Y [National Chemical Lab. for Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1995-01-05

This paper reviews the current status from the standpoint of chemical engineers facing the coming of the 21st century, and surveys the paradigm for new scientific technologies. The criticism is mixed with unique opinions everywhere, such as `departure of students from scientific and engineering faculties is none other than the result of a market principle`, `national burden of trillions of yens should not be spent only under a justice of advancement of the science`, and `the global civilization itself has no other way but to change from the conventional expansive development type of the western country style to the internal development type of the oriental country style`. Values that define the paradigm for new scientific technologies may include such keywords as saturation in technology, baseless expansion of research projects, criticism on science, market principle, and centering human being. It should be looked at seriously that profit from research and development should exceed the cast invested therein in the future, and scientific technologies that serve truly the society should be aimed at. These efforts will result in one of the large pillars that support the future in which creation of new functions is aimed at as a result of structuring the new systems. Trying to overcome the environmental problems is one of them.

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of transportation use and residential/commercial use high efficiency energy system technology. R and D of polymer electrolyte cells (Research on ion exchange membranes for commercialization of highly durable cells); 2000 nendo unyu minsei you kokoritsu energy system gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (Kotaikyusei denchi jitsuyoka no tame no ion kokanmaku ni kansuru kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

As to ion exchange membranes for fuel cells, the R and D were made with the aim of clarifying the characteristics of the membrane required to realize highly durable modules and of demonstrating durability of membrane, and the FY 2000 results were reported. Concerning the low ion exchange capacity thin membrane, the following were confirmed: in perfluorosulfonic acid with ion exchange capacity of 0.84-1.0, the lower the ion exchange capacity is, the greater characteristics of mechanical strength are improved; the optimization of membrane thickness makes the design which satisfies cell characteristics and mechanical strength characteristics possible. In the durability test by medium-/long-term continued operation using each of small unit cell and large unit cell, the results of the stable operation of 5,000 hours using S1102 and S1201Q membranes were obtained. About effects of methanol, changes were observed in creep characteristics and piercing strength in the test on the environmental cycle at -40 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The membrane of low ion exchange capacity kept high elastic modulus even after the treatment at 120 degrees C, which indicated its usability for the higher temperature operation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1993 international research cooperation project. Feasibility study of finding out the seeds of international joint research (technology for environmental preservation using biotechnology, technology for effective use unused hydrocarbon resource, technology of solid electrolyte fuel cells for high-efficient electric vehicles); 1993 nendo kokusai kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Kokusai kyodo kenkyu seeds hakkutsu no tame no FS chosa (biotechnology ni yoru kankyo taisaku gijutsu, miriyo tanka suiso shigen no yuko riyo gijutsu, kokoritsu denki jidosha no kotai denkaishitsu nenryo denchi gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

This project is aimed at internationally cooperating in the R and D of industrial technology and improving industrial technology of Japan. For it, the following three technologies were investigated: 1) environmental preservation technology using biotechnology, 2) technology for effective use of unused hydrocarbon resource, 3) solid electrolyte fuel cell (SOFC) technology for high-efficient electric vehicles. In 1), bio-remediation is a choice as the result of trially using technologies for remediation of the environment polluted by pollutant, but it is not a technically completed one, but one which will be improved by trial and error. By the application of gene engineering, the use of gene recombination enables wide spread of decomposition genes. In 2), technical subjects were studied such as superheavy distillate, oil shale, coalhead methane and methane hydrate. In 3), designed were cylinder type and planar type SOFC of 850degC operation and 10kW output. Accumulation and weight of a total SOFC system are 81 liters and 100 kg in cylinder type and 136 liters and 200 kg in planar type. The vehicle can be equipped with the SOFC. 171 refs., 72 figs., 54 tabs.

Intelligent social infrastructure technology. Infrastructure technology support ultra-reliable society; Chiteki shakai kiban kogaku gijutsu. Choanshin shakai wo sasaeru kiban gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

This survey was conducted to construct the core of intelligent social infrastructure technology (ISIT), and to investigate its practical application to industries and society. For realizing the ultra-safe and ultra-reliable society, it is necessary to develop the ISIT which can integrate various social infrastructures, such as architecture, city, energy, and lifeline systems required for living. For the systematization of cities, it is necessary to process and control the intelligent information by holding integrated and transverse information in common, as to logistics, lifeline, communication, monitoring, and control. For the communication engineering, the centralized systems are acceleratingly to be converted into the distributed network systems. For the mechanical engineering, intelligent control and robot technology are required. For the architectural engineering, a concept exceeding the conventional antiseismic structure idea is investigated. It is necessary to develop a new information technology providing an intelligent social infrastructures by merging the information networks and the physical world seamlessly. Necessity of ISIT is large for constructing the intelligent and ultra-reliable society consisting of these integrated and organized networks. 84 refs., 68 figs., 6 tabs.

Development of nickel-hydrogen battery for electric vehicle; Denki jidoshayo nickel-suiso denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Research and development of battery, a main part of electric vehicle, have been promoted. Various batteries, such as lead battery, nickel-cadmium battery, nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium ion battery and so on, have been investigated for electric vehicles. Among these, nickel-hydrogen battery is superior to the others from the points of energy density, lifetime, low-temperature properties, and safety. It is one of the most prospective batteries for electric vehicle. Research and development of the nickel-hydrogen battery with higher energy density and longer lifetime have been promoted for the practical application by Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. This article shows main performance of the developed nickel-hydrogen battery for electric vehicle. The nominal voltage is 12 V, the rated capacity is 125 Ah, the outside dimension is L302{times}W170{times}H245 mm, the weight is 25.5 kg, the energy density is 60 Wh/kg, the output density is 180 W/kg, and the available environment temperature is between -20 and 60 {degree}C. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Pt. 2. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy.) Material technology field (Fine ceramics); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. 2. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'ya betsu gijutsu senryaku) zairyo gijutsu bun'ya (fine ceramics gijutsu bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the basic research result on industrial technology strategy for a glass field. Japan is facing such various economic problems as attack by developing countries, collapse of economic babble and yen's appreciation, and environment problems over a period of several years, and a glass industry is also under the influence of such problems. For continuous development of Japan and improvement of the international competitiveness of Japan, development of a glass industry is essential. Both co- possession of technical issues by cooperation of the members, and breakdown of conventional structures of the industry are necessary. Clarification of technical issues, and cooperation of industry, academia and government is essential. The current state, promise and issues of domestic and overseas glass technology and its R and D are described. The joint target of an industrial strategy for researchers and engineers of every sector, and the approach to such target are showed from the viewpoint of the issues for Japan and preparation of common basic technology. The role of each sector for environment preparation and policy is described to achieve the target. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Development of energy usage rationalizing silicon manufacturing process (Development of manufacturing technology for mass production of silicon for solar cells); 1999 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo silicon ryosanka seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Discussions were given on manufacture of raw material silicon for solar cells with regard to boron removal, solidification, finishing and refining of metallic impurities, refining of unutilized silicon scraps, and making them into wafers and solar cells after refining. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. With regard to purity deterioration due to contamination by boron containing silica powder generated during the boron removal in the manufacturing process, the facilities were modified resulting in the reduction thereof to 0.04 ppmw or less. Regarding the repetitive use of boron removing crucibles, the experiment identified the possibility of using them for more than three times. In trial fabrication of samples by using the solidification refining and cast integrated process, ingots of 550 mm square and about 300 mm high were obtained, which were sliced into 10-cm square materials for use as wafers. Measurement of the conversion efficiency has resulted in 13% or more which is almost equivalent in the center and edges of the ingot. It was revealed that solar cell wafers may be fabricated by using this process, which can use either the p-type low-resistance silicon scraps or the metallic silicon as the starting material. (NEDO)

Achievement Report for fiscal 1997 on developing a silicon manufacturing process with reduced energy consumption. Development of technology to manufacture high quality solar cell silicon substrates; 1997 nendo energy shiyo gorika silicon seizo process kaihatsu. Kohinshitsu taiyo denchiyo silicon kiban seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

It is intended to establish an energy saving type mass production technology to manufacture solar cell substrates by using the electromagnetic casting process. This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1997. Preliminary experiments were performed for high-performance slicing processing and post-slicing rinsing to reduce the cost by enhancing productivity in the slicing process. Since there is a problem of mixing of contaminating raw materials due to diversification in raw materials, resistance and impurity concentration must be determined on each raw material as the materials for the Czochralski method. Then, the raw materials are sorted out referring to the determination results, and they can be used for the electromagnetic casting process upon optimizing them. As a result of having sliced an ingot of 15-cm square with a length of 40 cm by using a mass-production wire saw, an accuracy of 22.8 {mu}m was attained as intra-face variance when the required cutting time was 476 minutes and the substrate thickness is 348 {mu}, thus having obtained prospect for achieving the standard. Development was made on a water jetting rough cleaning machine to separate and remove slurries (oil and grinding particles) from the substrates after slicing, and an arm robot to accommodate substrates into cassettes, which provided processing velocity of 9 second per substrate. A problem of raising the speed remains to be solved. (NEDO)

FY 1977 Annual report on Sunshine Project results. Survey and research on systems utilizing solar energy (Solar thermal power generation systems); 1977 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu seika hokokusho. Taiyo netsu hatsuden system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1978-03-31

This project is aimed at surveys and researches on operation, economic efficiency and performance evaluation of solar thermal power generation systems, and test methods, e.g., for aging the materials for their devices, in order to establish the methods for evaluating their performance. For operation of solar thermal power generation systems, a feasible system is a hybrid with another system, e.g., thermal power or nuclear system. For economic efficiency, heat-storage capacity will be based on power generation for around 4 hours a day for a solar system to be installed in Japan. The construction and light/heat-collecting costs should be reduced to around 300,000 yen/kW and 13,000 to 21,000 yen/m{sup 2}, respectively, in order to keep the power generation cost at around 23 yen/kWH. The energy analysis of solar thermal power generation, based on the data given by the industrial correlation tables, indicates that the total energy required for construction of the system can be recovered in 2 to 3 years. Also outlined are construction of a 1MW pilot plant and its facilities, and designs of the pilot plants with a curved surface or tower type light collector. A total of 12 types of reflection mirrors are screened for establishing the air-exposure testing methods. Methods for treating back surface edges of the reflection mirrors are also investigated. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report. Research on the long-term energy technology strategy (Basic research on the industrial technology strategy (Material technology field)); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This research clarifies the future social issues and targets of industrial technology in a material field including metal, inorganic, organic, polymer and fiber materials, and proposes the strategy for achieving such targets, based on research on changes in science and technology trend (technical innovation), and analysis on present and future industrial and technical competition powers. The future basic technologies for enhancing such competition powers are as follows: (1) Resource/energy-saving production process, (2) Design/evaluation technology for fine textures or in an atomic level, (3) Divergence toward high-purity and composite materials, (4) Improvement of a functionality, (5) Improvement of surface treatment technologies, and (6) Development of new materials and production technologies by using computer. The following 5 strategies are proposed based on the common understanding that the Japanese material industry achieves the best material technology innovation in the world by 2010: (1) Material technology strategy, (2) Strong cooperation among the industry, university and government, (3) Preparation of an intellectual base and a standardization strategy, (4) Reform of intellectual property rights, and (5) Resource strategy. (NEDO)

Verification test for an electric vehicle using capacitor-battery series connection for battery load levelling; Denchi no fuka heijunka no tame no kyapashita to denchi no chokuretsu setsuzoku hoshiki wo saiyoshita denki jidosha no jissho shiken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyaoka, K.; Takehara, J.; Kato, S. [Chugoku Electric Power Co. Inc., Hiroshima (Japan)

1998-03-25

For the prolongation of the distance that an electric vehicle (EV) can cover on a single charge and of the service life of the EV battery unit, a system is developed, in which the battery unit and the capacitor unit are connected in series for the levelling-off of battery peak loads, and the system is tested aboard a running real vehicle. Installed on the real vehicle is a battery unit that is a series connection of 20 12V-38Ah seal-type lead-acid batteries, each battery consisting of two cells connected in parallel. Driving the vehicle is a DC brushless motor capable of a maximum operation of 9000rpm. Also installed is a capacitor unit that is a parallel connection of 40 2.3V-1800F capacitors, each capacitor consisting of two capacitors connected in parallel. Findings are described below. In a 0-400m acceleration test, 22.5 seconds is recorded with the capacitor unit in operation, meaning an improvement of 0.7 seconds. The maximum speed remains unchanged at 110km/h, which agrees with the pre-calculated value. Although the battery peak load reduction rate in a 15-mode drive pattern marks 23%, the distances covered on a single charge in this drive pattern turn out to be almost the same whether the capacitor unit is in operation or not. 3 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Theoretical research on amorphous silicon electronic states by computer-aided simulation); 1984 nendo amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Keisanki simulation ni yoru amorphous silicon no denshi jotai no rironteki kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-04-01

Research on the basic physical properties of amorphous silicon materials and for the development of materials for thermally stable amorphous silicon is conducted through theoretical reasoning and computer-aided simulation. In the effort at achieving a high conversion efficiency using an amorphous silicon alloy, a process of realizing desired photoabsorption becomes possible when the correlation between the atomic structure and the photoabsorption coefficient is clearly established and the atomic structure is manipulated. In this connection, analytical studies are conducted to determine how microscopic structures are reflected on macroscopic absorption coefficients. In the computer-aided simulation, various liquid structures and amorphous structures are worked out, which is for the atom-level characterization of structures with topological disturbances, such as amorphous structures. Glass transition is simulated using a molecular kinetic method, in particular, and the melting of crystals, crystallization of liquids, and vitrification (conversion into the amorphous state) are successfully realized, though in a computer-aided simulation, for the first time in the world. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy (Textile technology field)); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (sen'i gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a textile technology field. Social demand and constraint in the 21st century restrict human life and industrial activity, however, include huge business chances. This technology strategy aims at construction of textile business contributing to the society, and improvement of the international competitiveness of Japanese textile industry. Analysis was made on the current international competitiveness of the textile industry in comparison between Japanese and American productivity. As factors hindering technological innovation, the following were pointed out: poor cooperation among industry, academia and government, poor cooperation among different kinds of industries, poor preparation of basic technology, knowledge base and creation base, and poor deregulation. As the future target and strategy, 7 technology targets, 2 creation targets, and every target year were showed. 4 proposals were also showed as follows: preparation of a technology base, creation base, talent education and knowledge base, and protection of intellectual property rights. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Iron and steel technology field; 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku) (tekko gijutsu bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a steel technology field. Japanese steel industry should correspond to requirements of the international economic society as the top runner. Although it is now difficult to suppose a basic technology innovation, stable supply of basic materials is necessary for peripheral industries. The basic raw material technology is the basis of domestic and overseas socio- economic activities. The technology development support system to retain the world-wide leadership of Japanese industries is a strategic issue. Preparation of cooperative R and D bases of industry, academia and government along a national policy is important. Strong promotion of such national projects is also essential as global environment problem, positive use of advanced information tools, development of technologies and products of unexplored fields, and development of new products and demand creation according to social needs. Such measures along social requirements are also important as raw material development to double an energy efficiency, and the policy and system to construct a recycling society and living spaces. (NEDO)

Survey on commercial use of fuel cells; Nenryo denchi ni kansuru jitsuyoka no tame no chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The basic survey was carried out for the future approach to R & D of fuel cells. Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) is in the stage of demonstration research and field test supported by subsidy after the end of Sunshine project. Its reliability and durability problems are being solved, and its cost reduction is only one problem for practical use. Distributed systems or on-site systems will be used utilizing its excellent environmental characteristics. Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide one (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte one (PEFC) under development were thus surveyed. The following are surveyed: (1) Contribution to a human society such as improvement of energy demand/supply structure and environmental protection, (2) Technological items such as outlook for R & D, validity of developmental issues, comparison between various R & D and significance in industrial promotion, (3) Economic items such as profitability and feasible period, and (4) Social items such as sociability, compatibility to needs, possibility of locations, international meaning, market scale and promotion scenario. 90 refs., 67 figs., 96 tabs.

Nickel-hydrogen battery and hydrogen storage alloy electrode; Nikkeru suiso denchi oyobi suiso kyuzo gokin denkyoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, T. [Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Furukawa, J. [The Furukawa Battery Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan)

1996-03-22

Hermetically sealed nickel-hydrogen battery has such problem that the inner pressure of the battery elevates when it is overcharged since the oxygen gas evolves from the positive electrode. This invention relates to the hermetically sealed nickel-hydrogen battery consisting of positive electrode composed mainly of nickel hydroxide and negative electrode composed mainly of hydrogen storage alloy. According to the invention, the negative electrode contains organic sulfur compound having carbon-sulfur bond. As a result, the elevation of battery inner pressure due to the hydrogen gas evolution, the decrease in discharge capacity due to the repetition of charge and discharge, and the lowering of voltage after charging can be suppressed. The adequate content of the organic sulfur compound is 0.05 - 1 part in weight to 100 part in weight of hydrogen storage alloy. As for the organic sulfur compound, n-butylthiol, ethylthioethane, phenyldithiobenzene, trimethylsulfonium bromide, thiobenzophenone, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride, and ethylene sulphidic acid are employed. 2 figs., 1 tab.

Manufacturing method of molten carbonate fuel cell. Yoyu tansan prime en nenryo denchi no seizo hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muneuchi, Atsuo; Murata, Kenji

1989-09-14

An fuel electrode of a molten carbonate fuel cell is preliminarily dipped with molten carbonate. This operation is troublesome and reduces the productivity because this operation is made by the fuel electrode unit. In this invention, the carbonate is dipped in the process of temperature elevation after the assembly of the fuel cell. In other words, the carbonate electrode is buried in a groove formed in the fuel electrode leaving a gas flowing space; this fuel electrode is layer-built with a matrix and an oxidant electrode to form a unit cell; this unit cell is assembled to compose a fuel cell; while an anti-oxidant gas is fed to a groove of the fuel electrode, temperature is raised up to the operation level, wherein the carbonnate in the groove is molten to be dipped into the fuel electrode. The anti-oxidant gas is such inactive ones as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon and helium. 2 figs.

Molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system. Yoyu tansan prime en gata nenryo denchi hatsuden sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uematsu, K; Hatori, S [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1991-11-01

In an indirect internal reforming type molten carbonate fuel cell, the reforming temperature is limited less than the operating temperature of the fuel cell, as the heat source for reforming is depended on the reaction heat at about 650 {degree} C of the fuel cell. To improve the reforming rate at the low temperature range, it is considered to increase S/C (ratio of steam to carbon), but this scheme will cause such problems as to increase the voltage drop of the anode, to drop the heat recovery ratio on the cogenerator, to increase the capacity of the heat exchanger, etc. In this invention, in the power generating plant of a molten carbonate fuel cell the inert gas is added to the reforming raw gas, and in addition to the above the gas is mixed with steam and led into the reforming chamber of the plant. When the inert gas which is not directly concerned in the reforming reaction is added to, total mol number increases and the reforming reaction is acceralated. Consequently, the reforming rate can be raised, though the reforming temperature is low. 2 figs.

Water supply method to the fuel cell cooling water system; Nenryo denchi reikyakusuikei eno kyusui hoho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Urata, T. [Tokyo (Japan); Nishida, S. [Tokyo (Japan)

1996-12-17

The conventional fuel cell has long cooling water piping ranging from the fuel cell exit to the steam separator; in addition, the supply water is cooler than the cooling water. When the amount of supply water increases, the temperature of the cooling water is lowered, and the pressure fluctuation in the steam separator becomes larger. This invention relates to the water supply method of opening the supply water valve and supplying water from the supply water system to the cooling water system in accordance with the signal of the level sensor of the steam separator, wherein opening and closing of the supply valve are repeated during water supply. According to the method the pressure drop in every water supply becomes negligibly small; therefore, the pressure fluctuation of the cooling water system can be made small. The interval of the supply water valve from opening to closing is preferably from 3 seconds to 2 minutes. The method is effective when equipment for recovering heat from the cooling water is installed in the downstream pipeline of the fuel cell. 2 figs.

High-level water purifying technology. Kodo josui shori gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsugura, H; Tsukiashi, K [Meidensha Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-07-01

Research and development have been carried out on a high-level water purifying system using ozone and activated charcoals to supply drinking water free of carcinogenic matters and odors. This system comprises a system to utilize ozone by using silent discharge and oxygen enriching device, and a living organism/activated charcoal treatment system. The latter system utilizes living organisms deposited on activated charcoal surfaces to remove polluting substances including ammonia. The treatment experimenting equipment comprises an ozone generating system, an ozone treating column, an activated charcoal treating column, an ozone/activated charcoal control device, and a water amount and quality measuring system. An experiment was carried out using an experimental plant with a capacity of 20 m[sup 3]/day on water taken from the sedimentation process at an actual water purifying plant. As a result, trihalomethane formation potential was removed at about 40% in the ozone treatment, and at 70% in the whole treatment combining the ozone and living organism/activated charcoal treatments. For parameterization of palatability of water, a method is being studied that utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate degrees of water cluster. The method is regarded promising. 1 ref., 4 figs.

Technology for improving sludge concentration; Odei noshukusei kaizen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-10

Sludge generating in a sewage treatment plant is disposed through the processes such as concentration, dehydration, and incineration in sludge disposal facilities. In recent years, there has been a trend that this sludge increases in volume as well as worsens in the concentration. A case is predictable where the sludge load to the dehydrating process is so large that the sludge can no longer be processed in sufficient quantity. In the meantime, if sludge is ozone-treated, viscous substance on the surface of sludge particles can be separated with a comparatively small amount of ozone, with sludge concentration enhanced. At Meidensha, an experimental plant was set up for the ozone treatment of sludge in a sludge intensive treatment plant of a metropolis, with a verification experiment carried out for a sludge concentration improving system by ozone. As a result of comparison of the treatment performance between an assessment system for performing ozone treatment and a reference system for not performing, the average value of the sludge concentration of a gravity concentration tank was 1.9% of the reference system against 1.7% of the assessment system in a continuous treatment experiment in the summer, while the solid collection ratio was 65.8% of the reference system against 95.5% of the assessment system, enabling a superior improving effect to be obtained. (NEDO)

Evaluation technology of clothing comfortableness; Ifuku tekigosei hyoka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niwaya, H.

1999-10-26

Modern apparel industries are required to supply many kinds of products corresponding to various needs of consumers. Among consumers' needs, comfortableness to wear such as size-fitness is primarily important. To facilitate apparel industries, it is expected to develop a new technology of pattern designing of comfortable garment and measuring garment pressure distribution. Our research is aimed at developing technology that uses computer simulation to predict and evaluate wear comfort, including size suitability, without the need to actually sew up a garment. First, we developed a basic system to predict wearing silhouette, garment pressure, and ease looseness of the garment. Using this system, we carried on the following study. The 3-dimensional distributions of the garment pressure and ease looseness were reversely mapped on the paper pattern in order to indicate the preferable modification. The system was extended for several poses, e.g. twist, bend. From various parameters, we examined the factors of garment pressure and ease looseness. In addition, we selected the parameters for the size-fit indicators and investigated size-fit evaluation indicators. (author)

Report on the FY 1999 survey on long-term energy technology strategy/basic survey for working out industrial technology strategy. Part 1. Technology strategy by field - material technology field (fine ceramics technology field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku ni kansuru chosa. 1. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya (fine ceramics gijutsu bun'ya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the survey of the fine ceramics technology field relating to the FY 1999 long-term energy technology strategy. The fine ceramics industry is a new industry for which the future development is expected. It has far-reaching effects on other industries. Japan has the advantage over other countries. As subjects to remarkably develop the industry, needed are the long-term basic preparation which promotes technology innovation such as the promotion of the fundamental/creative R and D, construction of an industry/university liaison system, and arrangement of the intellectual base. Preparation of the competitive environment and promotion of policies paying attention to the market are needed which make the development under the private control by creative study/corporate activities possible. Also important are the demonstration of leadership and secure international competitive force in the light of Japan's international position. For the private-control development, the role and course of various groups should be made clear from a long-term aspect. It is desirable that university/government will newly develop innovative technology, and industry will make the present technology force more developmental and competitive. Support from the nation is requested for researches large in scale. (NEDO)

CO2 recovery system using solar energy; Taiyo energy wo riyoshita CO2 bunri kaishu system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosho, F; Naito, H; Yugami, H; Arashi, H [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan)

1997-11-25

As a part of studies on chemical absorption process with MEA (monoethanolamine) for CO2 recovery from boiler waste gas in thermal power plants, use of solar heat as MEA regenerating energy was studied. An integrated stationary evacuated concentrator (ISEC) effective as collector in a medium temperature range was used to realize a regenerating temperature range of 100-120degC. ISEC is featured by vacuum insulation, use of selective absorbing membranes for an absorber, a CPC (compound parabolic concentrator)-shaped reflection mirror, and high-efficiency. An MEA regenerator is composed of an ISEC and PG(propylene glycol)-MEA heat exchanger, and circulates PG as heat medium. Heat collection experiment was also made using water instead of MEA. Both batch and continuous systems could supply a heat quantity necessary for MEA regeneration. CO2 concentration in the top of the regenerator rapidly decreased with PG circulation regenerating MEA. As mol ratios of CO2/MEA were compared between before and after regeneration, a recovery rate was estimated to be 59.4% for the batch system. 8 figs., 4 tabs.

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Standardization of FCEVs; 2000 nendo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi jigyo jidoshayo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. FCEV hyojunka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 activities for standardization of fuel cell powered vehicles and development of the infrastructures related to participation in ISO. Fuel cell powdered vehicles are believed to be the most favored vehicles of the next generation for their low emissions and fuel efficiency. The world leading automakers, including Japanese makers, have announced plans to commercialize these vehicles in 2003 to 2004. Under these situations, the discussion has been initiated to move forward standardization of the fuel cell powdered vehicles at the international conferences, e.g., ISO (International Standardization Organization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). At ISO/TC22/SC21 (Electric Vehicles) for which the Japan Electric Vehicle Association (JEVA) is in charge as the domestic council, the proposal has been made and approved to begin working towards the standardization at the conference in November 1999. Consequently, FCEV special subcommittee consisting of public organizations (including academic organizations and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), automakers, automotive parts manufacturers and other organizations related to the automotive industry has been established in February 2000 under the JEVA standardization section and started the activities. The Japanese proposals for safety and fuel cell vehicle terminology will be presented to the ISO meetings to be held in May 2001 in Tokyo. (NEDO)

FY 1974 report on the results of the Sunshine Project. Comprehensive study of hydrogen use subsystem and study on the periphery technology (Study on fuel cell system); 1974 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

In this paper, surveys were conducted on 'the developmental situation of the body of fuel cell' and 'the performance required for the inverter connecting fuel cell and electric power system and the peripheral device, and fuel cell.' However, the economical evaluation was to be made at an appropriate time, and the FY 1974 survey was limited to the technology. The results of the investigational study made based on the above-mentioned policy were described in and after Chapter 2. In Chapter 2, described were the prospects of fuel cell and the guide for this fiscal year. In Chapter 3, the relative evaluation of various kinds of fuel cells in terms of the following: electrode structure, catalyst, cell stack, auxiliary machine, dynamic characteristics of cell, efficiency, life, reliability, maintenance, safety, environmental safety, construction cost, maintenance/running cost, and material cost. In Chapter 4, the present technical situation of inverter and the peripheral device, and the situation of the future R and D in Japan and abroad. In Chapter 5, the positioning of the fuel cell system in the hydrogen energy system, and various kinds of performance required for structural elements. (NEDO)

FY 1998 Report on development of technologies for commercialization of photovoltaic power systems. International co-operative project (Information collected for IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai kyoryoku jigyo. IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The IEA/ Solar Heating and Cooling Programme (SHCP) committee members were dispatched to the IEA/SHCP Executive Committee and Expert Meetings, to collect information, present the reports and hold the discussions, among others. Described herein are the results. The third Expert Meeting of the IEA/SHCP Task 23 prepared the document covering the examples of solar energy use in large buildings and distributed them in Subtask A, and proposed and discussed the comprehensive performance evaluation methods and simulation-based design tools in Subtask C. The second workshop of the IEA/SHCP Task 25 discussed evaluation of the current technologies for solar assisted air conditioning, design of the solar assisted cooling systems, economic evaluation and market researches, investigations of cooling system hardware, and development of simulation programs and design tools. The examples of solar cooling are mostly found in Japan, and European countries are conducting experiments and field tests, because of lack of commercial grade freezers. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Aerospace technology field (Aircraft technology field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (kokuki gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of an aircraft technology field. In an aircraft field, since the major theme is application of new technologies to new airframe development, with joining in international cooperative development of aircraft, Japanese initiative development of airframes based on the domestic market demands and profitability should be started as early as possible. Because there is no airframe development by only one country including U.S.A., Japan is profitable to unite with some overseas companies, and invest selectively in specific leading fields. Positive technical support to safety, reliability, comfort and environment harmony are also important. More important theme than establishment of elementary technologies is preparation of an integrated flight demonstration system to expand application chances of development results, and preparation of various test facilities for tests required during development activities. Application of information technologies to the whole aircraft industry, and organic cooperation between the private and public sectors are also important. (NEDO)

Electrolyte loss mechanism of molten carbonate fuel cells. 2.; Application to the cell with matrix electrolyte layer; Yoyu tansan`engata nenryo denchi ni okeru denkaishitsu loss kiko ni tsuite. 2.; Matrix gata denkaishitsuso wo yusuru denchi eno oyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

A single cell of molten carbonate fuel cell using a matrix electrolyte layer fabricated by using the doctor blade process has been operated for several thousand hours, measured of electrolyte loss amount, and analyzed by using a new electrolyte loss mechanism. The result may be summarized as follows: according to a result of measuring the matrix layer pore distribution, the average pore size has increased little by little; pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m at which no electrolyte retention becomes possible remain at nearly constant ratio up to 1800 hours, but increased after 2500 hours; the pore capacity in ports with the largest electrolyte retaining diameter of 2 {mu}m or less showed slight decrease with time in the anode, and an initial decrease followed by flatness, and then a sharp decrease after 1800 hours in the matrix layer; the electrolyte loss measurement values have remained nearly constant for 25 hours to 1800 hours, but increased sharply thereafter; and the electrolyte loss in this single cell due to pore capacity decrease in pores as power generating parts with diameters smaller than 2 {mu}m was explained quantitatively by a new electrolyte loss mechanism. 11 refs., 6 figs.

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar energy system (weather survey). Part 1. Bibliography on solar radiation; 1974 nendo taiyo hosha ni kansuru bunken mokuroku. 1. Taiyo energy system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kisho chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

This report is the 1st one among 3 reports 'Bibliography on solar radiation', 'Guideline for using weather data' and 'Observation data on global solar radiation and sunshine duration'. This report is composed of the part 1 'Present state and view of researches on solar radiation' including (1) view of researches on short-wave radiation, (2) atmospheric radiation, (3) scattering of solar radiation, (4) global net radiation and (5) radiometer, and the part 2 including the bibliography and its commentary. (1) describes researches on incident short-wave radiation (solar radiation) and some current issues, (2) describes the basis for quantitative measurement of atmospheric radiation transfer, based on the premise that atmospheric radiation is infrared radiation between the ground surface and atmospheric system. (3) describes scattering of solar radiation in the air, and its effect. (4) describes that the global profile of net radiation of the air-earth system and its seasonal change can be observed directly from the weather satellite roughly, and research on global net radiation is approaching a new era. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. R and D on solar energy system (weather survey). Part 1. Bibliography on solar radiation; 1974 nendo taiyo hosha ni kansuru bunken mokuroku. 1. Taiyo energy system no kenkyu kaihatsu (kisho chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

This report is the 1st one among 3 reports 'Bibliography on solar radiation', 'Guideline for using weather data' and 'Observation data on global solar radiation and sunshine duration'. This report is composed of the part 1 'Present state and view of researches on solar radiation' including (1) view of researches on short-wave radiation, (2) atmospheric radiation, (3) scattering of solar radiation, (4) global net radiation and (5) radiometer, and the part 2 including the bibliography and its commentary. (1) describes researches on incident short-wave radiation (solar radiation) and some current issues, (2) describes the basis for quantitative measurement of atmospheric radiation transfer, based on the premise that atmospheric radiation is infrared radiation between the ground surface and atmospheric system. (3) describes scattering of solar radiation in the air, and its effect. (4) describes that the global profile of net radiation of the air-earth system and its seasonal change can be observed directly from the weather satellite roughly, and research on global net radiation is approaching a new era. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program research and development of photovoltaic power systems. Research and development of amorphous solar cells (Research and development of production of low-cost monosilane); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (tei cost monosilane seizoho no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

A low-cost production method is developed for monosilane as a cell film material, 99.9995% pure at a manufacturing cost of 4,500 yen/kg (100 ton/year unit). An experimental unit with a maximum capacity of 1m{sup 3}/H (1 ton/month) gas production is built, and whether it is practical will be clarified by the end of fiscal 1983. The whole monosilane production process, consisting of the electrolysis of eutectic liquid of Li chloride and K chloride, hydrogenation of Li to be generated by the electrolysis, and the generation of monosilane through the reaction of the hydrogenated Li and silicon tetrachloride, proceeds in one large molten salt tub. The chlorine from the electrolysis and Si as material comes into reaction in a salination furnace for the generation of silicon tetrachloride to be supplied to the process. Minor tests are made involving pressure control, distance between the electrodes and the effect of the diaphragm, stirring in the hydrogenation chamber, dust in the monosilane generation chamber, and the insulation of the cathode lead rod, and the results are reflected on the process of experimental unit designing and building. The unit has harm neutralizing facilities for safety assurance because much hydrogen and a little chloride are consumed while the unit is in operation, with some silicon tetrachloride to be retained in the unit. An infrared absorption method is used to analyze impurities in the monosilane gas, when the method exhibits a capability of detecting 2ppm of methane. (NEDO)

Development of a Fe-Ni battery for electric vehicle use. Denki jidoshayo tetsu nickel denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Onozuka, T.; Okuda, K. (The Tohoku Electric Power Co. Inc., Sendai (Japan))

1993-08-11

Development has been made on an iron-nickel battery as a low polluting electric vehicle battery that is superior in low-temperature performance to lead-acid batteries. This paper summarizes the battery. The battery uses NiOOH for positive electrodes, Fe for negative electrodes, and alkaline aqueous solution for electrolyte. The battery was manufactured in the following manners to make it suit the electric vehicle application: The iron electrode was manufactured by mixing reduced iron powder having grain sizes from 5[mu] to 6[mu] with electrolyzed iron powder with grain sizes from 20[mu] to 30[mu] in a bonding agent, and sintered at temperatures from 750[degree]C to 800[degree]C in H2 atmosphere; iron electrodes that have superior life and material utilization factor were found to have reduced iron powder ratios from 20% to 30%; the nickel electrode consists of a substrate obtained by coating metallic Ni powder on a sheet and sintering it and filling it with NiOH; the electrolyte is composed of KOH containing LiOH and KS; the separator uses a ribbed PVC porous sheet; the container is made of PP; performance evaluation tests were conducted on discharge performance, energy density, output density, temperature characteristics, charge efficiency, and cycle life; and the results of vehicle driving tests surpassed those from lead-acid batteries. 6 refs., 18 figs., 6 tabs.

FY 1999 New Sunshine Project survey research project - Survey on the long-term energy technology strategy, etc. Fundamental survey to decide on the industrial technology strategy - Technology strategy by field (Aerospace technology field - Airplane technology field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (koku uchu gijutsu bun'ya (kokuki gijutsu bun'ya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The survey/study were conducted to contribute to proposing technology strategies such as the analysis of the present state of technical competitive force and the forecast in the airplane technology field. In future airplane industry, to meet the requests/restrictions from the society in the international airplane industry in the recent years, it is predicted that technology innovation will advance centering on the following four fields: next generation airplane technology to enable the innovative cost reduction in development/production, technology to realize the substantial reduction in flight cost of airline, technology to enhance reliability for the next generation flight which meets the multi-frequency flight/increasing demand for small plane, and airplane frontier technology. Moreover, regulations especially on noise, CO2 reduction and NOx reduction are becoming very strict internationally because of the increasing concern about global environmental problems. It is urgently needed to establish technology to cope with these trends. As the comprehensive strategy, the following are considered: development of airframe under the leadership of Japan and securing of the demand, efficient arrangement and operation of large-scale experimental facilities, IT adoption to the airplane industry, organic cooperation by industry/university/government, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 comprehensive report on R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu sokatsu hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technology for composite thin film formation such as laser MOCVD, for thin film lamination, and for synthesis reaction and characterization in compounded fields where temperature/pressure/magnetic field/electrical field, etc., are compounded, for the purpose of creating materials with functions newly added or reinforced by regulating compositions and structures through atomic/molecular orders. The R and D was conducted on 24 themes, which were rearranged into four categories. Examples of the themes are as follows; development of super hard permanent magnets by crystallization process control of Nd-Fe-B amorphous alloys, as for structural control technology; research on high functional thin film sensors (PbLaTiO{sub 3}) using laser MOCVD, and research on ultra thin film by multi-ion-beam sputtering with ion/photo irradiation, as for thin film technology; R and D on highly ordered structure control technology in electrode surface compounded reaction fields, as for compounded fields; and, research on diagnostic technique for compounded reaction fields by laser-ionization method, as for supporting technologies. (NEDO)

Confinement of solar thermal energy by Nesa film; Nesa maku ni yoru taiyo netsu energy no fujikome

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, A; Yano, K; Kasuga, M; Daigo, Y [Yamanashi University, Yamanashi (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-11-25

This paper reports a Nesa (SnO2) film as selective transmissive film for effective confinement of solar thermal energy. Solar light spectrum ranges from 0.3 to 2.0{mu}m, while thermal radiation from bodies at 100-200degC is infrared ray more than 2{mu}m. Consequently, a solar water heater using the film which can pass rays below 2.0{mu}m while reflect rays over 2.0{mu}m for windows is very efficient. The Nesa film reflects rays with wavelengths more than plasma wavelengths (controllable from 1 to several {mu}m) by plasma action of free electrons. The Nesa films with different carrier densities were fabricated by spraying deposition method at dopant rates (Sb/Sn) from 0 to 2mol%. The solar water heaters were prepared using normal glass and specific glass coated with the Nesa film as selective transmissive film. The heater using the glass coated with the Nesa film of 2{mu}m plasma wavelength for windows could efficiently confine solar heat. The Nesa film of 700nm plasma wavelength which can pass visible light while reflect infrared ray was effective to reduce cooling/heating losses. 3 refs., 6 figs.

Research report of FY 1997 on the industrial science and technology development. Technology development of super-metal (technology development of nano-amorphous structural control materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku seika hokokusho. Super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu (nano-amorphous kozo seigyo zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Research and development of the innovative metals have been conducted, by which the weight reduction of members can be done by drastically improving the strength compared with conventional metals. For the high-rate cluster deposition and super plastic forming technologies, research and development of aluminum-based light-weight materials have been conducted, which provides excellent strength, toughness, and super plastic formability at room temperature. For the high-density energy utilization and control technology (amorphous-A), super-metals have been investigated as high dew point and corrosion resistance materials used for waste incinerators operated under the very severe conditions. These are expected to be applied to the apparatuses and equipment due to their excellent properties. For the controlled cooling technology (amorphous-B), super-metals with excellent soft magnetic characteristics and degree of shape freedom have been investigated for high performance and high efficiency devices including electric/electronic/communication devices, power transmission devices, and various industrial devices and parts. These are expected to contribute to the creation of new markets and the improvement of international competitive force. 123 refs., 160 figs., 33 tabs.

FY 2000 report on the survey on the long-term energy technology strategy. Fundamental survey to work out industrial technology strategies (technology strategy by field - material technology field); 2000 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of constructing the material technology strategy, conducted were study of the trend of technical development, arrangement of material technology seeds, and survey of the R and D environment. Concretely, the paper carried out the grasp of the national projects related to materials in Europe and the U.S., patent registration (U.S.-Japan comparison)/application (Europe/Japan), transfer of technology trade, and survey of the trend of papers made public in scientific magazines. Further, in the survey of the R and D environment, conducted were how to treat researchers/engineers, how to handle intellectual ownership, system to promote the cooperation among industry/university/government, and comparison among countries in policies of technology such as patent strategy. The results of the survey were classified into the following 4 items: 1) trend of the technical development in the material technology field; 2) developmental environment in the material technology field; 3) competitive force in the material field and material user needs/seeds maps; 4) proposal for the material technology strategy. As to the competitive force of material technology in 3), the paper took up organic/polymer, iron/steel, aluminum, semiconductor, and ceramic materials. (NEDO)

Photon technology. Laser processing technology; Photon technology. Laser process gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Survey has been conducted to develop laser processing technology utilizing the interaction between substance and photon. This is a part of the leading research on photon technology development. The photon technology development is aimed at novel technology development highly utilizing the quantum nature of photons. In the field of laser processing, high quality photons are used as tools, special functions of atoms and molecules will be discovered, and processing for functional fabrication (photon machining) will be established. A role of laser processing in industries has become significant, which is currently spreading not only into cutting and welding of materials and scalpels but also into such a special field as ultrafine processing of materials. The spreading is sometimes obstructed due to the difficulty of procurement of suitable machines and materials, and the increase of cost. The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal laser technology, to elucidate the interaction between substance and photon, and to develop the laser system and the transmission and regulation systems which realize the optimal conditions. 387 refs., 115 figs., 25 tabs.

Photon technology. Laser process technology; Photon technology. Laser process gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For developing laser process technology by interaction between substance and photon, the present state, system, R and D issues and proposal of such technology were summarized. Development of the photon technology aims at the modification of bonding conditions of substances by quantum energy of photon, and the new process technology for generating ultra- high temperature and pressure fields by concentrating photon on a minute region. Photon technology contributes to not only the conventional mechanical and thermal forming and removal machining but also function added machining (photon machining) in quantum level and new machining technology ranging from macro- to micro-machining, creating a new industrial field. This technology extends various fields from the basis of physics and chemistry to new bonding technology. Development of a compact high-quality high-power high-efficiency photon source, and advanced photon transmission technology are necessary. The basic explication of an unsolved physicochemical phenomenon related to photon and substance, and development of related application technologies are essential. 328 refs., 147 figs., 13 tabs.

Practical applications of superconducting technology; Chodendo gijutsu to sono oyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoshino, M.; Yamamoto, K.; Urata, M. [Toshiba Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1995-11-01

Remarkable progress has been made in superconducting technology recently. This paper describes the details and technical features of every cooling type of practical superconducting magnet (SCM), including the SCM for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), SCM for semiconductor pulling devices, high-field SCM, SCM for magnetically confined plasma devices, and SCM for particle detectors. Commercial production of pool-boil-cooled SCMs has been realized by reducing helium evaporation and decreasing the frequency of helium pouring. The development of forced-cooled SCMs has made it possible to build large SCMs. Moreover, the development of the 4 K-GM refrigerator has enabled liquid-helium-free SCMs to be introduced. Since this type of SCM can be operated merely by turning on a switch, SCMs are expected to come into more widespread use. 7 refs., 1 fig.

Photon technology. Hard photon technology; Photon technology. Hard photon gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For the application of photon to industrial technologies, in particular, a hard photon technology was surveyed which uses photon beams of 0.1-200nm in wavelength. Its features such as selective atom reaction, dense inner shell excitation and spacial high resolution by quantum energy are expected to provide innovative techniques for various field such as fine machining, material synthesis and advanced inspection technology. This wavelength region has been hardly utilized for industrial fields because of poor development of suitable photon sources and optical devices. The developmental meaning, usable time and issue of a hard photon reduction lithography were surveyed as lithography in ultra-fine region below 0.1{mu}m. On hard photon analysis/evaluation technology, the industrial use of analysis, measurement and evaluation technologies by micro-beam was viewed, and optimum photon sources and optical systems were surveyed. Prediction of surface and surface layer modification by inner shell excitation, the future trend of this process and development of a vacuum ultraviolet light source were also surveyed. 383 refs., 153 figs., 17 tabs.

Photon technology. Hard photon technology; Photon technology. Hard photon gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Research results of hard photon technology have been summarized as a part of novel technology development highly utilizing the quantum nature of photon. Hard photon technology refers to photon beam technologies which use photon in the 0.1 to 200 nm wavelength region. Hard photon has not been used in industry due to the lack of suitable photon sources and optical devices. However, hard photon in this wavelength region is expected to bring about innovations in such areas as ultrafine processing and material synthesis due to its atom selective reaction, inner shell excitation reaction, and spatially high resolution. Then, technological themes and possibility have been surveyed. Although there are principle proposes and their verification of individual technologies for the technologies of hard photon generation, regulation and utilization, they are still far from the practical applications. For the photon source technology, the laser diode pumped driver laser technology, laser plasma photon source technology, synchrotron radiation photon source technology, and vacuum ultraviolet photon source technology are presented. For the optical device technology, the multi-layer film technology for beam mirrors and the non-spherical lens processing technology are introduced. Also are described the reduction lithography technology, hard photon excitation process, and methods of analysis and measurement. 430 refs., 165 figs., 23 tabs.

Winter concrete; Kanchu kunkurito. Gijutsu no genjo to shorai tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kamata, Eiji [Hokkaido University, Hokkaido (Japan)

1998-11-10

Much energy is consumed in order to carry out the winter concrete, and it becomes not always the work in the work environment of the amenity. Therefore, it wants to avoid it, if such work is possible. The winter concrete is a basis in carrying out the construction in cold region in all year. Large role is very much fulfilled for efficient operation of the construction industry in which foot of maintain is wide, activation of the regional economy of snows cold region such as the constant employment of construction worker, improvement in the social environment. Therefore, the popularization of the winter concrete technology is indispensable in the chilly snowy area, and it becomes the importance that the efficiency improvement is attempted. (NEDO)

Expectation of rapid prototyping; Rapiddo/puroto taipingu gijutsu no tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kishinami, T. [Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-04-05

Prototyping can be defined as the physical and imaginable product model formation process used for verification of production guideline of functional component. Rapid prototyping means the combination of technology forming directly the physical model from CAD data. It is a summarization of technology composed of design assistant technology, model production technology, and integration technology. In 1980`s, 3D System Corp. proposed the stereo lithography. Since then its research and development were promptly carried out as for the technology of rapid formation o physical model. Resultantly, it became possible to fabricate the model designed by the three dimensional CAD within a day using a rapid prototyping system. This can be roughly divided into the following three: (1) stereo lithography, (2) method of melting and hardening by laser irradiation of the powder plastic and wax, (3) 3D-printing method consisting of selectively coating of ceramic powder with binder. 4 refs., 3 figs.

Automotive technology. ; Chassis. Jidosha gijutsu. ; Chassister dot sharyo seigyo sochi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ota, K.; Mor, H.; Ishizeki, S. (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

1990-07-01

According to the trend of car suspensions announced in 1989, not only sports cars but also sedans have extensively applied a multi-link type and a double-wishbone type which are to improve operation stability and comfortableness by reexamining all their fundamental structures. Active suspensions with electronic control have been put to practical use and adopted for the first time to mass-produced cars such as INFINITI'' and CELICA''. Concerning steerings, most types of light cars are now equipped with power steerings. Moreover, application of air bags has increased, and safety has been improved by commercialization of the first mechanical air bags in addition to the conventional electrical ones. As for brakes, more anti-lock brakes have been used for 4WD cars and low-displacement cars. Motorcars with a traction control system have consequently increased. Thus both the anti-lock brakes and the traction control system are contributing to the improvement in safety. 17 figs., 2 tabs.

Technique of CWM distribution system; CWM ryutsu chukei system gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konno, K [Center for Coal Utilization, Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Tanaka, M

1996-09-01

It may be intended that CWM is manufactured in areas near coal producing areas in overseas countries and imported as a product requiring lower handling cost than in bulk products. In order to achieve this idea, it is necessary to establish a distribution and relaying system for product transportation inside and outside the country, including relaying bases for receiving, loading and storing the product. This paper reports results of the demonstration tests performed since 1992 to 1996. In the tests, CWM made from Chinese coals was transported from Shijiu Port to the Hibiki relaying base in the city of Kita-Kyushu on 5000 DWT ocean vessels, unloaded, stored, and loaded again on 700 DWT domestic vessels for distribution to users. Since the inauguration of transportations, 40,000 tons of CWM were delivered yearly to the Okayama plant of Tayca Company, and about 20,000 tons to the Mizushima power plant of the Chubu Electric Power Company over a period from 1995 to 1996. During the period, a number of findings were acquired in different aspects, including quality control of incoming and outgoing CWM, stability in quantity and properties, loading and unloading works, and transportation. Although reduction in subsidence during transportation and storage was indicated desirable, the practical applicability was verified for the relaying system as a whole. 4 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Laser innovated manufacturing technology; Laser ga seisan gijutsu wo kakushinshita

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruyama, I. [Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-11-01

This paper looks back the history of applications of laser processing in the automobile industry, and introduces contents of some particularly unique applications from among them. The CO2 laser and YAG laser that are used mainly have increased their outputs with the times, and 50-kW CO2 laser and 4-kW YAG laser have now become available commercially. The laser processing has become used widely for cutting purpose in Japan, which is in contrast with their high application to welding in Europe and America. Cutting thick plates has been developed recently, which is applicable to plates as thick as about 25 mm. A flexible system in which YAG laser is combined with an optical fiber/articulated robot is operating for three-dimensional shape processing. Automobile makers are adopting laser processing for welding in place of the electron beam welding that has been used conventionally. The process is used also for a number of other applications including surface reformation, such as surface quenching for cylinder liner, and valve seat padding. 8 refs., 8 figs.

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1976. Comprehensive discussion on hydrogen utilizing subsystems and researches on peripheral technologies (Research on fuel cell systems); 1976 nendo suiso riyo subsystem no sogoteki kento to shuhen gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi system kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1977-03-01

This paper discusses hydrogen fuel cell systems. In the economic performance of fuel cells, the ratio of fuel cost accounting for in the power generation cost is as very high as 66% or higher to 82%, if hydrogen unit cost is in the range of 20 to 50 yen per Nm{sup 3}. Enhancing the power generation efficiency contributes more greatly to reduction of the power generation cost than by reducing the construction cost. There should be no much influence on the power generation cost if a system lasts four to five years. The paper also discusses the discrete type power generation system. Discussions were given on a waste heat recovering fuel cell system using as the model an office building of 16 stories above the ground, with one basement and a total floor area of 16,000 m{sup 2}. If the system can be constructed in such a way that the fuel cell capacity is made slightly larger than that corresponds to power load, and whole air conditioning load can be taken care only by waste heat by using a heat pump, the auxiliary heat source can be made smaller, and the overall fuel conservation ratio can be larger, thus the fuel was found saved by 40% than in existing systems. In using hydrogen in automobiles, weight problem will emerge if high-pressure hydrogen or metallic hydride is used for hydrogen storage. Liquefied hydrogen is light in weight, but large in volume. Development is desired on high-performance hydrogen absorbing alloys. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 survey report. Survey of long-term energy technology strategy and the like (Survey of natural gas technology trend); 2000 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nadoni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Choki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa (tennen gas gijutsu doko chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In search of new technical tasks involving the supply, transportation, and utilization of natural gas, a survey is conducted of the trend of natural gas supply and demand, trend of development of related technologies, and their impact on the market. After natural gas matters are outlined and definition and classification are established, investigations are conducted into natural gas production and the trend of new natural gas consuming countries supposedly to affect the natural gas supply and demand situation. Taken up as relevant technologies are cogeneration, natural gas powered automobiles, fuel cells, GTL (gas to liquid) technology, and micro gas turbines. These technologies are examined from the viewpoints of environmentally-friendliness and energy conservation feature, and then tasks to discharge are proposed in the fields of technology development, operation, and fuel. For natural gas powered automobiles, vehicular performance improvement and the conformability and standardization of high-pressure parts and components are taken up in the field of technology development, and the introduction and augmentation of quick fillers for natural gas and increase in the number of natural gas supply stations are taken up in the field of operation. Concerning fuel cells, in the field of fuels to be fed to the same, technologies of hydrogen storage and of refining and reforming of oil based fuels are taken up. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 comprehensive report on R and D on advanced chemical processing technology; 1996 nendo senshin kino soshutsu kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu sokatsu hokokusho. Kokoritsu hatsuden'yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu / sekiyu seisan system fushoku boshi gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

R and D was conducted on technology for composite thin film formation such as laser MOCVD, for thin film lamination, and for synthesis reaction and characterization in compounded fields where temperature/pressure/magnetic field/electrical field, etc., are compounded, for the purpose of creating materials with functions newly added or reinforced by regulating compositions and structures through atomic/molecular orders. The R and D was conducted on 24 themes, which were rearranged into four categories. Examples of the themes are as follows; development of super hard permanent magnets by crystallization process control of Nd-Fe-B amorphous alloys, as for structural control technology; research on high functional thin film sensors (PbLaTiO{sub 3}) using laser MOCVD, and research on ultra thin film by multi-ion-beam sputtering with ion/photo irradiation, as for thin film technology; R and D on highly ordered structure control technology in electrode surface compounded reaction fields, as for compounded fields; and, research on diagnostic technique for compounded reaction fields by laser-ionization method, as for supporting technologies. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1979. Research on fuel cells (Research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells); 1979 nendo nenryo denchi no kenkyu seika hokokusho. Arukari suiyoeki denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-03-01

This paper describes achievements in fiscal 1979 in research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells. Trial fabrication and tests for an oxygen electrode were performed on a catalytic electrode added with silver using carbonblack and graphites as carriers having excellent corrosion resistance and large surface area. Characteristics not inferior to electrodes using activated carbon as a carrier were obtained in both of the initial characteristics and continuous discharge characteristics. A platinum added electrode also showed the same performance as the silver added electrode. A hydrogen electrode containing Zr and iron among those containing Raney-Ni was found to have high oxidation resistance and stability in terms of life. A platinum added electrode using graphite as a carrier provided satisfactory initial characteristics as a hydrogen electrode. Research on a single cell construction has used and tested eight-cell laminated cells with an area of 1,000 cm{sup 2} using bipolar sheets made of carbon. The test verified appropriate the removal of produced water and heat using mainly the hydrogen circulation, which has been discussed in the summary design. The paper describes heat cycles, for which tests of ten and odds times in total were performed to have demonstrated that they are free of any anomaly. Furthermore, a manifold was attached as a means to improve the volume efficiency. Its function was also tested. (NEDO)

Achievement report on research and development in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1980. Research on fuel cells (Research on aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells); 1980 nendo nenryo denchi no kenkyu seika hokokusho. Arukari suiyoeki denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 1980 in the Sunshine Project on developing aqueous alkaline solution electrolyte fuel cells. The oxygen electrode is a silver catalyst electrode using as carriers carbon lack and graphite powders having good corrosion resistance. A continuous discharge test was performed on the electrode for 3,000 hours. Furnace black having large surface area and naturally colloidal graphite showed stable performance. The hydrogen electrode, which is a catalyst electrode made of Raney-Ni containing third elements was given a 3000-hour continuous discharge test, where Zr addition presented stable performance. Activated carbon was found a good carrier in platinum added electrodes. For electrodes operating under high pressure gases, electrodes attached with sintered nickel film are suitable. With regard to prototype cells, laminated cells with high volume efficiency structured mainly with gasket seals were designed and fabricated. The IV characteristics measurement and continuous discharge test thereon revealed no functional problems. Furthermore, cells having electrode area of 100 cm{sup 2} and using bipolar sheets made of carbon were verified capable of withstanding 2000-hour continuous discharge. A non-conductive resin mold was proposed to prevent electrolytic corrosion of the carbon sheets. Discussions were given also on corrosion resistance of bonding agents. (NEDO)

Change of environmental factors in different site which effect the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic module. Comparison of the environmental factors in Shinjuku Tokyo with the one in Chino Nagano; Kotonaru chiten ni okeru taiyo denchi no henkan koritsu ni eikyo wo ataeru kankyo inshi no henka. Tokyoto Shinjukuku to Naganoken Chinoshi no kankyo inshi no hikaku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Higuchi, T.; Tani, T.; Hirata, Y.; Inasaka, T. [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Environmental factors affecting conversion efficiency of solar cells were measured in Tokyo and Nagano to comparatively study the difference. In the study, measurement was made of intensity of global solar radiation on an inclined surface (insolation intensity), ambient air temperature, and distribution of spectral solar radiation at the two points. Also measured were output characteristics of polycrystal silicon solar cell modules and amorphous silicon solar cell modules. The result of the comparative analysis was as follows: The annual inclined global solar radiation amount integrated in 1996 is 27% more in Nagano than in Tokyo. The weighted average insolation intensity in Nagano is 0.09 kW/m{sup 2} higher in Tokyo. The weighted average cell temperature in Nagano is 4degC lower than in Tokyo. The effective spectral ratio in Nagano is 1-2% lower both in polycrystal Si and amorphous Si than in Tokyo. Thus, it was inferred from that environmental factors are different that conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic modules were different. 6 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 1984 on Sunshine Program-entrusted research and development. Research and development of photovoltaic power system (Research and development of amorphous solar cells - Research on defect density in amorphous silicon); 1984 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Amorphous taiyo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (amorphous silicon no kekkan mitsudo no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

For the development of high-efficiency, large-area, long-life, and low-cost solar cells, research is conducted on new methods of film formation and defect evaluation. Concerning the kinetics of Si thin film, a radical beam deposition method is proposed as a new low-temperature thin film growth method. Using the new method, a {mu}c-Si film is manufactured, through only a purely radical substrate surface reaction of chemically active, electrically neutral excited species. In research on the amorphous semiconductor superlattice, a new study is conducted on a multilayer, cyclic-structure superlattice consisting of thin films of a-Si:H and a-Si{sub 1-x}N{sub x}:H. In the research on an a-Si:H film formed by the direct photo-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) of disilane, the unit is improved and B and P are successfully doped by means of decompressed photo-CVD. In the evaluation of new materials for solar cells, research is conducted on the after-annealing characteristics of a-Si:H grown at a high speed, electrical characteristics of post-hydrogenated low boron-doped CVD a-Si, and microcrystalline SiGe alloys made by the spattering plasma CVD method. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the R and D result of industrial science and technology. R and D on super metal (R and D on innovative raw metal materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku seika hokokusho. Super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu (kakushinteki kinzoku sokei zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Study was made on the applicability of mechanical milling (MM) and mechanical alloying (MA) to Fe system alloys. Metastable austenitic stainless steels such as SUS316L and SUS304L form {alpha} phases by strain induced transformation due to MM, and are subjected to further plastic deformation. Nano-size fine structure was obtained through inverse transformation into austenite({gamma}) by heat treatment or high-temperature sintering of MM powder. Fine microduplex structure of 620nm in average crystal grain size was obtained for SUS316L. This material showed nearly 3.3 times higher 0.2% tensile proof stress, nearly 1.8 times higher tensile strength, and 35% higher elongation than conventional ingot steels. Solid solution powder of 12Cr-Mo-W ferritic steel was sintered by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) under low- temperature and ultrahigh-pressure conditions of 650degC and 588MPa. The as-HIP`ed sample and sample annealed at 800degC showed average {alpha} grain sizes of 33 and 50nm, respectively, and a strength twice as high as that of 12Cr steel. 97 refs., 60 figs., 18 tabs.

Report on the FY 1999 survey on long-term energy technology strategy/basic survey for working out industrial technology strategy. Technology strategy by field - material technology field (nonferrous metal field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya (hitetsu kinzoku bunya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the survey of the nonferrous metal field relating to the FY 1999 long-term energy technology strategy. The needs for electronics products are increasing toward the 21st century. Domestically the competition with other countries in enlarging the market share has been intensifying. At the same time, the smaller the size of device becomes, the more the barriers in technology to be overcome increase. In the development of Si wafer to cope with such a situation, there are a lot of problems to be broken down in liaison with industry/government/university. Compound semiconductors are higher in speed than Si, and have a marked feature of producing light, but are difficult in crystal growth. It was in the past 20 years that the development of commercialization technology has rapidly advanced. Compound semiconductors are indispensable as a device in the energy problem which strongly influences the global environment. In the U.S., for the military use, a policy for upbringing national industries has been carried out since 1993. The role of compound semiconductor materials playing as the fundamental industry which supports the semiconductor industry and system industry as the nation's core industries is important even in Japan the same as in the U.S. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Machine industry technology field (Semiconductor equipment); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku) kikai sangyo gijutsu bun'ya (handotai seizo sochi bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a semiconductor equipment field, viewing until 5-10 years after. For the future semiconductor industry, the favorable cycling of creation of new demands through performance improvement, and further technology innovation through market expansion is essential absolutely. Since technology development is followed by investment, not only the performance of each equipment but also the higher productivity and cost balance of the whole factory are essential. Self-intelligent function and networking are thus necessary for the equipment. As measures for environment preservation and energy saving, such innovative technologies are required as recycling, reuse, reaction process improvement and alternative technology. Because of diverse final products and a short life time of products, a large-scale collective investment is becoming difficult. A mini-line sequential investment production system according to demand scales is under investigation. Some issues such as micro-technology, realization of 300mm wafer, modularization, CIM, reliability and standardization are also described. (NEDO)

Hydrogen storage alloy and alkaline battery employing it; Suiso kyuzo gokin denkyoku to sorewo mochiita arukari niji denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, T. [Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Furukawa, J. [The Furukawa Battery Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan)

1997-01-28

The invented hydrogen storage alloy electrode is produced in the following way: The hydrogen storage alloy powder is mixed with conductive material and rubber-like elastomer. A certain amount of viscosity modifier aqueous solution such as aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose is added to the said mixture to prepare a mixed paste. The said paste is dried and rolled after being filled in the current collector to be held by the current collector. The rubber-like elastomer has a strong bonding force, though it is soft. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups are contained in its molecule. Example of such material is a partly fluorinated or chlorinated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. The addition of fluorine or chlorine atom is done to its double bond. The addition of the rubber-like elastomer is controlled to 0.05 - 10 wt% of hydrogen storage alloy powder to suppress the elevation of inner-battery pressure at the time of overcharge. 2 tabs.

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on research and development of key technologies for superconducting generator. Research and development of key technologies to increase density, research and development of key technologies to increase capacity, research and development of design technologies, and research of technologies; 2000 nendo chodendo hatsudenki kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Komitsudoka kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / daiyoryoka kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / sekkei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu / gijutsu chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Researches have been made to increase density of 200,000-kW class generator and to increase capacity of 600,000-kW class generator necessary for putting superconducting generator into practical use. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 2000. In the study of increasing densities of superconductors and field windings, strands were fabricated, in which aging heat treatment conditions, number of aging, and processing degrees between each aging were varied, to increase the critical current of Nb-Ti strand, wherein as high critical current as corresponding to about 90% of the target was obtained. Possibility of increasing the critical current with the final processing degree in the range of 4 to 5 was verified from the relationship between the final processing degree and the critical current. In the study of increasing capacities of superconductors and field windings, findings were acquired on enhancement of conductor stability and reduction in AC loss, with regard to superconductor strands well balanced in the two elements. Prospects were obtained in achieving the AC loss of 200 kW/m{sup 3} in the targeted superconductor. The residual resistance ratio was found to be 200, showing sufficiently high value, and sufficient function was verified in the stabilized copper. In the research of design technologies, primary basic design was performed. (NEDO)

WE-NET. Substask 4. Development of hydrogen production technologies; 1998 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET). 4. Suiso seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Under the hydrogen-utilizing international clean energy system technology project WE-NET (World Energy NET Work), researches were conducted aiming at the establishment of a hydrogen production technology through electrolysis of polymer electrolyte solution. In fiscal 1998, element technologies were developed for the development of high-efficiency/large-capacity water electrolyzing plants using electrodeless deposition and hot pressing, research and investigation of optimum operating conditions were conducted, and a service plant conceptual design and a polymer electrolytic membrane were developed. In addition, literature was searched for the current state of ion exchange membranes and water electrolysis, both indispensable for the hydrogen production technology discussed in this paper. In the field of lamination of large cells (electrode surface:2500cm{sup 2}), an excellent energy efficiency level exceeding 90% set as the target for a large laminated cell performance test was achieved - 92.6% by electrodeless deposition and 94.4% by hot pressing. As for polymer membranes capable of resisting high temperatures, a membrane with an ionic conductivity of 0.066S/cm at 200 degrees C was newly developed. (NEDO)

Survey of the situation of technology succession. Databases of articles including in industrial technology museums; Gijutsu keisho jokyo chosa. Sangyo gijutsu hakubutsukan shuzohin D.B. hen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

To promote the succession of history of and the creative use of industrial science technologies, the paper made lists and databases of the articles of industrial technology museums and material halls in Japan. Record/preservation and collection/systematization of history of the industrial technology is useful for forming bases necessary for promotion of future research/development and international contribution. Museums and material halls are the fields for making comprehensive and practical activities. The data were made as one of the basic databases as the first step for promoting activities for examining the technical succession situation in a long term range continuously and systematically. In the classification of the data, the energy relation was divided into electric power, nuclear power, oil, coal, gas and energy in general. Others were classified into metal/mine, electricity/electronics/communication, chemistry/food, ship building/heavy machinery, printing/precision instrument, and textile/spinning. Moreover, the traffic relation was classified into railroad, automobiles/two-wheeled vehicles, airline/space, and ships. Items were also set of life relation, civil engineering/architecture, and general. The total number of the museums for the survey reached 208.

FY 2000 research cooperation project on plastic processing technology/quality inspection technology; 2000 nendo kenkyu kyoryoku jigyo. Plastic kako gijutsu hinshitsukensa gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu kyoryoku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For the purpose of improving the production technology of plastic products in Saudi Arabia, the joint development was made of the formation technology/quality inspection technology of agricultural use and food packaging use polyolefin film optimum to environmental conditions of the site, in the light of the needs there, and the FY 2000 results were reported. In the field survey/joint study, for the xenon type weather resistant testing machine and the extruder of the inflation film forming machine which were transported from Japan, the following were carried out: confirmation of the situation of accepting them on the site, functional test of computer of the extruder, installation of the machine testing weather resistance, and the trial operation. In the domestic support study, the extrusion test at laboratory was conducted using the polyethylene resin produced on the site to acquire the basic data for formation stability. Further, the film formation test was made using the equipment with the same specifications as those of the equipment introduced to the site to study the performance of screw extrusion and the formation stability of film. Also conducted were the analytical test/quality evaluation of resin materials/film. (NEDO)

Study on solar collector utilizing electro-hydrodynamical effect; Denki ryutai rikigaku koka wo riyosuru taiyo shunetsuki no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, M; Aoki, H; Wako, Y [Hachinohe Institute of Technology, Aomori (Japan)

1997-11-25

This paper proposes a cone type electro-hydrodynamical (EHD) heat collector, describes its structure and principle, and mentions possibility of improving the heat collecting efficiency. The paper proposes a heat collector with a shape close to a cone. Trees are of cone form so that their every leaf, branch and truck can capture solar energy efficiently. Imitating this fact existing in the natural world, a cone-shaped heat collector was fabricated on a trial basis to discuss its heat collecting efficiency. Furthermore, black round stones are placed in the inner cone of the cone- shaped heat collector of double-glass structure. A low boiling point medium is placed between the inner and outer cones to cause corona discharge in vapor generated by absorbing the solar heat, and generate corona wind for an attempt to accelerate heat transfer into a heat exchanger. Thus, development was made on a cone-shaped high-efficiency heat collector utilizing electro-hydrodynamical (EHD) effect, and elucidation was given on dynamic phenomena of an electro-thermal fluid. Heat transfer in the EHD heat collector has a possibility of being accelerated by generation of ionic wind. In addition, it is thought that there would be an optimum value in applied voltage to increase electric charge supply as a result of corona discharge. 1 ref., 2 figs.

Report on the surveys in fiscal 1999 on foundations for establishing industrial technology strategies. Technological strategies by fields (Water related technology field); 1999 nendo sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa hokokusho. Bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (mizu kanren gijutsu bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper describes the surveys to establish strategies in the water related technology field. The primary question relates to realizing a circulation type water utilization society. Establishment of technologies as the element technologies is demanded on treating trace amount harmful substances and pathogenically harmful micro-organisms such as environmental hormones. Technologies requiring early practical application include high-efficiency energy recovery from sludge by means of methane fermentation, accelerated oxidation and super critical sludge decomposition, and composting. Structuring a comprehensive water management information system is also important. Establishment is demanded on such technologies as high stability sensors to treat harmful chemical substances, ultra high sensitivity bio-sensors for risk control, and detection of pathogenic micro-organisms. Alga identification and quantification systems are also necessary. In developing a contaminated environmental water and waste water purification system, early practical application is desired on technologies to purify soil and large-quantity diluted environmental waters by utilizing such natural materials as soil and activated carbons, biotope and micro-organisms. Manufacture of high function water by utilizing electromagnetic waves and ultra-sonic waves, and high-efficiency low-cost desalting technologies by means of membrane separation and evaporation are also required to be developed as water resource utilizing and water making technologies. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on results of development of high-efficiency energy system technologies for transportation and domestic use. R and D of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, power system technologies, and several kW class domestic power systems operating at normal pressure; 1999 nendo un'yu minseiyo kokoritsu energy system gijutsu kaihatsu, kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu, hatsuden system gijutsu kaihatsu, joatsu sadogata su kW kyu kateiyo dengen system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the research and development project aimed at development of fuel cell systems for power source systems suitable for domestic use. The programs for development of fuel cell body include improvement of the anode forming method for increasing its CO tolerance, enhancing cell performance at 0.5mg-metal/cm{sup 2} as the catalyst quantity to a level almost comparable to that obtainable at 0.9mg-metal/cm{sup 2}. The programs for development of the fuel supply system include studies on endurance of the elements, e.g., starting-up/shutting-down of the Ru/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst, using a microreactor, confirming that it is serviceable for at least 1,000 hours. The natural gas reformer is developed and operated, on a trial basis, achieving stable supply of steam and fuel, and thermal efficiency of 82.7%. The operation researches include development and operation of a 1kW class module, achieving the performance surpassing the FY 1999 targets (average cell voltage: 0.70V, output: 1.27kW) with a simulated reformate gas at an air utilization rate of 20% and current density of 0.3A/cm{sup 2}. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 1/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 1/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include a test of the motor-operated valve, individual test of the gasification furnace circulation water pump, individual test of the motor for the same, individual test of the SGC (syngas cooler) circulation water pump, individual test of the coal feeder rotary valve, individual test of the foreign matters extraction rotary valve, individual test of the foreign matters classifier, individual test of the char feeder rotary valve, individual test of the slag conveyer, individual test of the slag vibrator, individual test of the slag crusher, individual test of the slag separation tank exhaust blower, individual test of the slag separator water pump, test of gasification furnace interlocking, verification test of alert for the same, test of gasification furnace system pressure rise, test of oxygen line ventilation, test of comprehensive purge master sequence, verification test of distribution performance of the distributor, test on char system rock hopper pressure application and pressure release, test of pneumatic actuator valve loop, actual operational test of the soot blower, and an individual test of the receiving conveyer. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 3/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 3/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include a test operation of the expansion turbine in the air separation facility, test operation of the lubricating oil pump for the expansion turbine in the same, test operation of the oxygen compressor in the same, test operation of the medium pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, test operation of the lubricating oil pump for the medium pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, test operation of the high pressure nitrogen compressor in the same, performance verification test for the air separation facility, sequence test for upper/lower stage normal pressure coal hopper purge master in the gasification facility, sequence test for upper/lower stage initial coal loading master in the same, sequence test for char system rock hopper pressure application master in the same, sequence test for gasification furnace light oil leak check master in the same, sequence test for coal rock hopper pressure application master in the same, sequence test for upper/lower coal rock hopper coal reception master in the same, sequence test for slag hopper quenching operation master in the same, and sequence test for gasification steam drum water filling master in the same. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1994 report on technological results. Development of fuel cell technology such as urban energy center (Survey for practical development of optical system of decentralized power source for residential use); 1994 nendo toshi energy center nado nenryo denchi gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Minseiyo bunsangata dengen saiteki system jitsuyoka kaihatsu chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-05-01

Feasibility study was conducted on the technology for practical application of a several kW class fuel cell for the people's livelihood, particularly, for residential use. The study was made in six areas consisting of study on the present state of technology, conceptual design of a small fuel cell, survey on a promising market, basic concept of cell for residential use, feasibility study on application and on introduction. There is no record of development of the several kW class; while the fuel cell excels in the efficiency of energy utilization and the environmental conservation, its performance greatly deteriorates by start and stop under the present technology. Accordingly, it is a prerequisite that the equipment is for an electric heat combined type and for system interconnection. Also, while it is proper that the cell is phosphate type and that the fuel is natural gas, an innovation is necessary in the technology for reforming the cell and the fuel. The conceptual design revealed the possibility of a power generation system having a generating efficiency of 32%, exhaust heat recovery rate of 30%, and dimension of 75x65x150 cm. On the basis of a feasibility study on the application to the combination of a house and a beauty parlor, an advantage was recognized in the fuel unit cost of 5 yen/meal and the equipment cost of 200-250 thousand yen/kW, with demand estimated for 2.5 million installations nationwide including 950 thousand in natural gas supply districts. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Test result report - 2/3); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Shiken kekka hokokusho 2/3)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, a pilot test facility was constructed, and the results of tests and inspections conducted therefor are put together. They include an individual test of the receiving pit hopper vibrator, individual test of the pulverized coal related rotary valve, individual test of the pretreatment compressed air fan, individual test of the coal pulverizer lubricating device, individual test of the coal pulverizer pressure device, individual test of the coal pulverizer, individual test of the coal pulverizer motor, individual test of the coal feeder, individual test of the pulverized coal bunker exhaust fan, individual test of the pulverized coal bunker exhaust fan motor, test of capacity for pulverized coal, individual test of the pulverized coal conveyer blower, test of the sequence of the same, test of pulverizer inert clearing, individual test of the pretreatment condensed water pump in the coal pretreatment device, test of airborne conveyance in the same, verification test of inter-hopper transfer in the same, test of coal pulverization in the same, test operation of the raw material air/low pressure nitrogen compressor in the air separation facility, test operation of the raw material air freezer in the same, and a test operation of the MS adsorber/MS regeneration electric heater. (NEDO)

Corrosion control of electronic materials; Denshi zairyo no fushoku seigyo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, Y. [Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo (Japan). Mechanical Engineering Research Lab.

1995-11-20

Electronic materials are used in wide varieties of materials starting from hightech products like large computers, information network facilities and so forth, to vehicles, home electrical appliances, OA facilities, video game. Again, even though the part itself may be comparatively simple, high reliability is required when used in high degree system. Further, their uses irrespective to indoor or outdoor environments, are spread to wide range starting from the severe corrosive environments like coastal industrial area, drainage treatment place and so forth to low corrosive environments like general housing, offices and so forth. However, the classification of materials according to the environments where they are used is not so much carried out because preference is given to the function as an electronic part different to the large mechanical construction materials. In this report, regarding the corrosion control technology of electronic materials specially approach is made from material side, and among the various types of electronic materials, aluminium cable for LSI and magnetic materials are outlined. 37 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

Earth-friendly refuse processing. Chikyu kankyo wo kangaeta gomi shori gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishigaki, M. (Takuma Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan))

1994-06-15

This paper contains six articles: (1) Earth-friendly Garbage Disposal, (2) Erasable Copy Machine, (3) Making Plastics from Shell of Crustacean, (4) From Garbage into Petroleum, (5) Utilization of Sewage Sludge for a Recycle-type Society, and (6) FRP Boat Disposal Technology. All articles address the latest topics about disposal of wastes and garbage that have been attracting general attention in environmental issues. The article (1) presents the latest waste incineration technology, garbage power generation, and disposal and utilization of incineration residues. The article (2) is about a prototype of the copy paper regeneration device (toner remover) developed and produced by Ricoh Co., Ltd. The article (3) describes biodegradable plastics using chitin and chitosan that can be acquired from shell of crustacean. The article (4) describes how to extract oil or gas from plastic waste through its thermal decomposition. The article (5) presents volume reduction and utilization of sewage sludge. The article (6) presents disassembling and disposing waste plastic boats that have been rapidly increasing. 8 refs., 27 figs.

CMOS analog integrated circuit design technology; CMOS anarogu IC sekkei gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujimoto, H.; Fujisawa, A. [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-08-10

In the field of the LSI (large scale integrated circuit) in rapid progress toward high integration and advanced functions, CAD (computer-aided design) technology has become indispensable to LSI development within a short period. Fuji Electric has developed design technologies and automatic design system to develop high-quality analog ICs (integrated circuits), including power supply ICs. within a short period. This paper describes CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) analog macro cell, circuit simulation, automatic routing, and backannotation technologies. (author)

Investigation into the situation of technology succession; Gijutsu keisho jokyo chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The paper made a fundamental investigation to promote historical succession and creative use of the industrial scientific technology. As for the wind power generation, the large-scaling became centralized wind power plants, and the downsizing became the distribution to remote areas. The solar power generation shifted from the thermal power generation to the light power generation. There is also a method to use solar heat directly. As to power systems and the distribution of electric power, the subjects are a combination of energy source, geographical energy transportation, and heightening of consumption efficiency. It was indicated that the subjects changed with a lapse of time under technical/social/systematical conditions, and under the developable energy amount prescribed by those conditions. Heightening of efficiency, which can be realized even by a paper simulation, was realized partly helped by the developing measuring technology. The environmental problem becomes historically severe as a condition of the technical development. However, aimed at was the process where discharged matters and by-products are effectively used and disused matters are not produced. In the coal-thermal power generation, for example, a load of flue gas purification was reduced by the conversion to LNG. 253 refs., 65 figs., 12 tabs.

Bio-desulfurization technology in Japan; Wagakuni ni okeru baio datsuryu gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruhashi, K. [Petroleum Energy Center, Tokyo (Japan)

2000-05-01

A bio-reaction of microbes (catalytic reaction by an enzyme) is characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a normal temperature and under a normal pressure and has particularly high specificity with respect to substrate (reactant). It is considered that a low loading process of environment harmony type can be constructed by applying the bio-reaction in petroleum refinery process. CO{sub 2} exhaust and energy consumption in the bio-desulfurization (BDS) is estimated to be 70 to 80% lower than those in hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The bio-technologies that can be applied to the petroleum refinery process include, for example, desulfurization, demetallation, dewaxing, denitration, cracking and so on. In this paper, the present state of bio-desulphurization technology is introduced. Particularly, as the research results in Japan, acquirement of mesophile R.erythropolis KA2-5-1 strain, thermophile Paenibacillus sp. A11-2 strain whose optimum temperature is 50 degrees C, BT degradation fungus Rhodococcus sp. T09 and the like are introduced. (NEDO)

Survey on the succession situation of technologies; Gijutsu keisho jokyo chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

The basic survey was carried out to promote the succession and creative use of the previous industrial science and technology. The following 5 themes were summarized in fiscal 1993. On `Fuel technology policy and technological development,` Navy Fuel Depot, Chemical Research Institute at University of Kyoto, Central Laboratory of South Manchuria Railway Co., and Fuel Research Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce played important roles, and the 1000atm continuous hydrogenation system was completed in 1941. On `Technology of long-distance power transmission,` high-voltage insulation technology finally reached an international level after World War II. On `Unification of frequency and electrical technology,` the two-frequency system for eastern and western areas was established before World War II, and construction of Sakuma Frequency Conversion Station allowed power interchange between two areas. On `Organization of national research laboratories,` the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology distinguished the roles of new and existing laboratories. On `Wind power technology in Europe and America,` comparison between American and Danish approaches is the most important issue today. 146 refs., 20 figs., 13 tabs.

Evaluation technology of human behavior cognition; Ningen kodo ninchi hyoka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For human engineering and improvement of the living environment, the evaluation technology of human behavior cognition was studied. For the future reformation and creation of economic structure, the following are required: establishment of safe and affluent communities, further improvement of the safety and harmonious balance of people, lives and society, and R & D close to people and social needs. Introduction of Product Liability law and a fail-safe concept are examples of such efforts. However, since many accidents are found in the human society, the relation between human errors and human characteristics should be studied in detail. The cognitive science of human behavior is an objective evaluation technology from the viewpoint of human being, object, environment and society. Based on these social and technological background, the feasibility of the evaluation technology is studied, and the future trend and skeleton of this project are clarified. The domestic and foreign trends of technologies concerned are thus surveyed, and the important points, features, skeleton and ripple effect of the technology are summarized. 500 refs., 70 figs., 5 tabs.

FY 1996 Report on the results of development of photovoltaic power generation system commercialization technologies. Development of device for producing compound semiconductors for photovoltaic cells (Development of flying tester); 1996 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo kagobutsu handotai seizo sochi kaihatsu - hikoyo shikenki no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The compound semiconductor production process is tested under a microgravity by the space experiment/observation free flier (SFU), to reduce the photovoltaic power generation cost. Described herein are the FY 1996 results. The device is confirmed to work as planned by the full-scale test conducted in FY 1995, when it stood on the orbit and was recovered by the space shuttle STS-72 January, 1996. The recovered SFU-carried devices, including the electrical furnace and related subsystems, were found to normally function, and it was concluded that they could be evaluated and analyzed after the flight. The comprehensive evaluation and analysis of their electrical, mechanical, thermal functions have confirmed that they functioned and showed performance as planned, demonstrating validity of the designs and production procedures. The test samples were taken out of the recovered combined furnace, focus furnace and single-heat furnace for the space environment utilization tests. The other samples had much more uniform compositional distributions than those produced on the ground. (NEDO)

Report on technological trend survey in fiscal 2000. Survey on bio-technology development strategy; 2000 nendo gijutsu doko nado chosa hokokusho. Bio technology gijutsu kaihatsu senryaku chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Survey and research have been performed on bio-technologies as to their seeds of technological development projects to be worked on by the government from the viewpoint of industrial utilization technologies. In the survey on the trends of research and development and technological development on human-genomes, the survey has been done on the status of execution in the Millennium Genome Project, and how the works related to human-genomes are done at the bio-related government based research organizations and the private sector research organizations. Trends related to the human-genome research in overseas countries were also surveyed. With regard to the future prospect of research and development in the post genome age, discussions were given on the result of the questionnaire survey on opinion leaders in the industrial, governmental and academic areas. In discussing the viewpoint of the industrial utilization technologies related to human genomes, candidates assumed usable in the genome related application fields were discussed, and a basic framework of a technological map was prepared. Based on the results thereof, the technological development areas anticipated to be important in the future were extracted, and the technological development themes were discussed. (NEDO)

High place working vehicles for nickel hydrogen battery powered distribution construction; Nikkeru suiso denchi kudoshiki haiden kojiyo kosho sagyosha

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-06-01

The Tohoku Electric Power Co. Ltd., in combination with the Aichi Corporation, developed a low noise and no-exhaust gas high place working vehicle that uses NiH battery as a power for lifting or falling a bucket and cutting off electric wires. It is the first in the world that the large scaled NiH battery is used in the application field other than used as a running power of an electric automobile. The main characters of the battery may be pointed out as follows. (1) It has the energy density as 2 times as a lead battery, so 2 times of working time may be obtained by the same weight battery. (2) It is maintenance-free (a periodic maintenance is necessary for a lead battery). (3) Reduction of charging efficiency caused by the heat generated during the charging can be prevented by development of a battery cooling system. (4) As the battery is low noise and no exhaust gas, it does not trouble inhabitant anytime. The new type battery has been used in the Mizusawa business office and tested there by the end of 1998. (translated by NEDO)

Prismatic lithium/thionyl chloride cells, EP series''. Kakugata enka thionylter dot lithium denchi EP series''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kogure, M.; Ide, M.; Mizutani, M. (Japan Storage Battery Co. Ltd., Kyoto (Japan))

1990-06-25

This paper reports on a new type lithium-thionyl chloride cell of high safety. Its structure and characteristics are summerized as follows: first, a porous solid of carbon black, that is the positive electrode, including electrolyte solution of SOCl {sub 2} occupies central part of the interio of a prismatic case made of a stainless steel plate, that is the negative electrode, and a thin plate of lithium covers the inner surface of the steel plate, a glass fibre layer being placed in between the lithium plate and the carbon black solid; second, the cell continues to discharge at constant voltage (3.6V) until its life finishes, for instance, for over 10 years when connected to a risistor of 150k {omega}, third, the cell is effectively used at temperatures between {minus} 55 and 85 centigrade; fourth, the cell is preserved for a long duration without scarcely suffering in its efficiency, its capacity decrea-sing at the rate of 0.5 - 1.0% per year; fifth, the cell does not burst, catch fire or explode even if it is short-circuited, swing violently and then fallen from a height of 1.9m to concrete floor, crushed and, in particular, heated in various ways (it is so de-vised that SOCl {sub 2} vapor escapes through the glass seal adjacent to the positive terminal at temperatures about 160 centigrade). 2 refs., 10 figs.

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (atom technology). The R and D aims at establishment of observation/manipulation technology of atoms and molecules as common basic technology in various industrial fields such as new material, electronics, bio-technology and chemistry. The R and D thus aims at establishment of observation/manipulation of solid surfaces and DNA organic molecules, formation of fine structures of atomic surface arrangement, and calculation/ simulation for predicting a reaction theorem of atom and molecule surfaces. In fiscal 1997, research was made on improvement and development of computer simulation environment, and description of an excited state of electrons by Green function. Establishment of a construction method and computation code is under investigation for pseudo- potential dependent on excitation energy. Survey was made on research trends of the atom technology by visiting overseas academic societies and institutions. International Symposium on Atom Technology was also held in Tokyo in Nov. 1997

FY 1997 R/D project of industrial and scientific technologies contracted with NEDO. Report on technology development of utilization of biological resources such as bioconsortia (development of analytical techniques of bioconsortia); 1997 nendo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Fukugo seibutsukei nado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu (fukugo seibutsukei kaiseki gijutsu no kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Bioconsortia are microbial composites composing of more than two kinds of microorganisms with special functions. To utilize their advanced functions, some techniques have been developed for analyzing their functions and interactions, and for identification, separation and incubation of the constituent microbial groups. In FY 1997, an investigation was made on technology trends, domestic researchers, and research topics related to bioconsortia. To manage and promote the progress of research at the National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology where the centralized management of this project is conducted, meetings are held once a month to examine the progress at the institute, in which reports are made and discussions are held on how each research item is progressing. In addition, meetings of the committee to promote research are held every other month to consider and examine measures required for promoting the research. Re-entrustment of research has been made on two subjects, i.e., `Studies on biological significance of symbiotic microorganisms` by Prof. Ishikawa of the University of Tokyo, and `Study on the relationship between the biosynthesis of useful terpenic materials of plant origin and the differentiation of plant tissues, and their effective production by plant cell cultures` by Prof. Inoue of Gifu Pharmaceutical University. 27 refs., 13 figs., 1 tab.

Report on the FY 1999 survey on long-term energy technology strategy/basic survey for working out industrial technology strategy. Technology strategy by field - material technology field (nonferrous metal field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya (hitetsu kinzoku bunya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the survey of the nonferrous metal field relating to the FY 1999 long-term energy technology strategy. The needs for electronics products are increasing toward the 21st century. Domestically the competition with other countries in enlarging the market share has been intensifying. At the same time, the smaller the size of device becomes, the more the barriers in technology to be overcome increase. In the development of Si wafer to cope with such a situation, there are a lot of problems to be broken down in liaison with industry/government/university. Compound semiconductors are higher in speed than Si, and have a marked feature of producing light, but are difficult in crystal growth. It was in the past 20 years that the development of commercialization technology has rapidly advanced. Compound semiconductors are indispensable as a device in the energy problem which strongly influences the global environment. In the U.S., for the military use, a policy for upbringing national industries has been carried out since 1993. The role of compound semiconductor materials playing as the fundamental industry which supports the semiconductor industry and system industry as the nation's core industries is important even in Japan the same as in the U.S. (NEDO)

FY 1999 New Sunshine Project survey research project - Survey on the long-term energy technology strategy, etc. Fundamental survey to decide on the industrial technology strategy - Technology strategy by field (Fiber technology field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (sen'i gijutsu bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The survey/study were conducted to contribute to proposing technology strategies such as the analysis of the present state of technical competitive force and the forecast in the fiber industry technology field. For the fiber industry to meet the requests from the society in the 21st century and to develop as an industry, it is necessary to achieve the technology innovation by making use of technology and recreation. As important seeds for which the Japanese fiber industry should focus efforts, the following were cited: To double the strength of general-purpose polymer synthetic fiber; To add the environmental control function by gradient functionalization; To practically use the environmental harmony type nonaqueous working process; To develop the fiber environmentally friendly and fiber working process; To give sensor functions such as temperature-humidity sensitive function; To develop petroleum substituting fiber materials; To develop separation/decomposition technology and reproduction technology of composite materials; etc. Further, in the recreation field, the paper cited the arrangement of intellectual property protection/design property preservation, and the promotion of commercial base making and strengthening of life style proposals. (NEDO)

Study on water desalination system by solar energy distillation; Taiyo energy wo riyoshita joryugata kaisui tansuika system no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nagai, M; Ameku, K; Yonamine, K [Univ. of the Ryukyus, Okinawa (Japan)

1997-11-25

Discussions have been given on developing a seawater desalination system by solar energy distillation. The system is composed of evaporators installed on the seawater level, condensers placed on high and cool locations, and steam transport pipes to connect these two pieces of equipment. Steam is generated from seawater heated by solar heat in evaporators, and the steam is transported driven by low power consuming fans to higher locations through the steam transport pipes, where it is condensed by cool air in the condensers, and recovered as plain water. The concept is such that electric power required to operate the fans is supplied from photovoltaic panels, and all other energy is obtained from the sun. First, an experiment was performed upon noticing on methods of transporting and condensing the steam. The experiment used plain water rather than seawater. The heat source and evaporators were installed on the first floor, and the steam transporting fans on the second floor of an atrium. The thermal load was set to 1.5 times greater than average outdoor insolation amount. Increase in the distilled water recovery rate and distillation efficiency was verified by using the fans. The evaporation efficiency was found to tend to increase when the steam flow rate is increased. 3 refs., 10 figs.

Research and development of utilization technology of solar thermal system for industrial and other use. Research and development of key technology (energy conversion on technology using chemical reactions); Sangyoyo nado solar system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Yoso gijutsu no kenkyu (kagaku energy henkan gijutsu no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takita, M [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for energy conversion technology using chemical reactions by the aid of solar energy. The demonstration runs were conducted by a bench-scale unit, which was operated stably for 100h, to produce promising results. The catalyst exhibits stable performance, without showing a sign of deactivation. It is found that the heat pump system works well, without being interfered with accumulated by-products. A heat of approximately 2,100kcal/h is recovered. It is confirmed that steam of 150{degree}C and 200{degree}C is generated from hot water of 80{degree}C and 95{degree}C, respectively. The bench-scale runs show a thermal efficiency of around 10%, which is lower than the target level. However, the runs with hydrogen-occluding alloy attain a process thermal efficiency of 30%. The system in which solar collector and chemical heat pump units are combined is evaluated with respect to its economic efficiency and operability for its eventual commercialization. 6 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1998 R and D project on industrial technology. Development report on use technology of bioresources such as bioconsortia (Development of analysis technology of bioconsortia); 1998 nendo sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Fukugo seibutsukeinado seibutsu shigen riyo gijutsu kaihatsu (fukugo seibutsukei kaiseki gijutsu no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

For use of advanced functions of bioconsortia (complex microorganisms composed of more than 2 microorganisms with certain specific function), this project analyzes specific functions of specific organisms and the interaction between the specific functions, and develops isolation and incubation technologies of component organisms. In fiscal 1998, to promote this project, the meetings were held frequently in National Institute of Bioscience and human Technology. Study was made on production of useful substances and useful degradation functions in association with bioconsortia. The result showed that microorganisms coexisting with nematode produced physiologically active substances exhibiting antimicrobial activities to tubercle bacillus, MRSA and others, microorganisms coexisting in eggs of some insects produced substances having antiviral activities and activities against pathogenic bacteria in a plant, and microorganisms growing in some plants or mycorrhiza organisms produced insecticidal substances or growing-promoting substance. The basic understanding was obtained on cooperative actions of bioconsortia to bioremediation and degradation of organic substances. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research and verification of geothermal energy exploring technologies and the like. Development of reservoir change prediction technology (Development of modelling support technology); 1999 nendo chinetsu tansa gijutsu nado kensho chosa hokokusho (yoyaku). Choryuso hendo tansaho kaihatsu (choryuso hendo yosoku gijutsu (modeling shien gijutsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The aim is to develop and popularize techniques relating to geological information such as thermal history. The efforts center about the application of a now-available core fracture measuring system to developed geothermal fields and about the development of new technologies. The measuring system is applied to some core cuttings collected from five boreholes in the Akinomiya district, Akita Prefecture, and the system is used for (1) the evaluation of homogenization temperatures of inclusions in the fluid, (2) the measurement of the points of melting from ice of inclusions in the fluid, and (3) the implementation of laser Raman spectroscopy. Under item (1), it is found that the minimum homogenization temperature of quartz phenocryst in the mother rock or of low-salinity fluid inclusion in a quartz vein is near the current subsurface temperature and that subsurface and reservoir temperatures may be known by evaluating their homogenization temperature. Under item (2), it is found that the NaCl equivalent salinity is distributed in the range of 0.0 to 25wt% and that, in this connection, there is difference between a fluid in a fluid flow and a fluid spurting as thermal water in the Akinomiya district. Under item (3), CO2, N{sub 2}, and CH{sub 4} are detected in most of the boreholes. Efforts are exerted to develop a hydrothermal fluid analyzing technique using a rapid rock dating method and traces of chemical ingredients in hydrothermal minerals. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report under consignment from NEDO on photon measuring/processing technology (development of power generation facility use high-function maintenance technology); 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku photon keisoku kako gijutsu (hatsuden shisetsuyo kokino maintenance gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

A research/development was conducted on technologies of photon applied measuring/photon applied processing/photon generation which are usable for heightening of reliability and maintenance efficiency of power generation facilities. In fiscal 1997, high melting-point metal particles were manufactured by high energy density laser for formation of high temperature and stabilized fine functional circuit. Further, a wavelength changeable ultra red laser light source was studied which can make in-situ measurement of gas concentration and components. A study was also made to examine the surface composition by measuring fluorescent X-rays emitted by radiating high intensity laser beam on the surface of material. A rod type and a slab type as a high-output complete-solidified laser are under development. There is also a development aiming at high speed/high quality photon processing such as high speed/high precision welding/cutting and laser joining. Besides, a study is being made of high energy pulse/high quality beam complete-solidified laser. The paper made a comprehensive survey of the trend of the photon measuring/monitoring technology, and made a systematical arrangement of the developmental subjects extracted. 142 refs., 357 figs., 62 tabs.

Research, development, and evaluation of basic technologies for next-generation industries. Technologies of mass culture of cells; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka. Saibo tairyo baiyo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-03-01

The project aims to establish basic technologies for the mass culture of cells by utilizing the features of animal cells, which will enable a large, stable supply of fine chemicals such as highly functional physiologically active proteins whose industrial production the conventional technique of synthesis fails to realize. For this purpose, efforts are exerted to select cells which are capable of producing target substances, to breed highly productive strains, to develop a serumless medium that satisfies demands for an all-purpose feature and heat sterilization, and to develop technologies of high-density culture and effective refining, etc. Some DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) recombination technologies are also resorted to. As the result, a high-density culture of 2 times 10{sup 8} cells/ml has become available. Production is now feasible of various differentiation-inducing elements such as monoclonal antibodies with anti-HB virus activity, DIF, etc. Furthermore, cooperation with the Tsukuba University leads to the discovery of a novel vasopressor peptide (endothelin). The heat sterilization accepting serumless medium, which is put to practical use as the first of the kind in the world under this research and development project, contributes to the advancement of basic studies about cell biology. (NEDO)

Survey of the trend of technical development and industrial policies in Asian countries; Asia shokoku ni okeru gijutsu kaihatsu no doko to sangyo gijutsu seisaku ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

A sharp rise in industrial productivity in Asia countries indicates a rising level of R and D technology. Since Japan has not clearly grasped the R and D ability in these countries, it has not given appropriate personnel/material R and D support to them. Therefore, for the purpose of exactly grasping the R and D ability of Asian countries (Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia and India) and studying an effective and appropriate method for R and D cooperation, a survey was conducted of R and D potentials in Asia and R and D support policies of the countries. As a result of the survey, the following are taken up as items to be considered: promotion of exchanges between Tsukuba, etc. in Japan and research/university towns and science parks being constructed in lots of countries, participation of private companies in high-tech joint work in cooperation with Japan, sending information from Japan using internet, etc. and exact grasp of needs at partner side, cooperation given to new comers without asking for research results (use of OB researchers, etc.) 25 refs., 39 figs., 59 tabs.

Survey and research on the effects of technological development. Annex (Tables of technology-related data); Gijutsu kaihatsu no koka ni kansuru chosa kenkyu. Bessatsu (gijutsu kanren data list)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Compiled into a report are the data about trends in Japan's research and development efforts broken down by industry covering a period of 1960-1980. The data items are quite versatile, including the number of companies engaged in researches and their rates, number of employees, total sales volume, profits through business, number of employees related to researches, number of dedicated researchers, number of dedicated researchers per 10,000 employees, disbursement of in-house research expenses, rate of personnel expenses to in-house research expenses, rate of disbursement of in-house research expenses to total sales volume, rate of disbursement of in-house research expenses to profits through business, disbursement of in-house research expenses per company, disbursement of in-house research expenses per dedicated researcher, in-house research expenses broken down by purpose (basic research, applied research, research for development), component ratio (basic research, applied research, research for development), number of dedicated researchers per speciality (total number, mathematics and physics, chemistry, biology, geology, engineering, civil engineering and construction, machinery and ship and aviation, electricity and communication, mining and metallurgy, textile, agriculture and forestry, fishery, stock-breeding and veterinarian, medicine and dentistry, pharmacy), number of technologies exported, total sum of export, etc. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2001 achievement report. Development of coal gas production technology for fuel cells - Research using pilot test facility - for public release (Part 1 - Construction and test operation); 2001 nendo seika hokokusho (Kokai you). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot shiken setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (Sono 1 - Koji shiken unten hen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

For the development of a coal gasification furnace optimum for fuel cells, research and development was conducted of a coal gas production technology using the oxygen-blown coal gasification technology, and the fiscal 2001 results are put together. In the construction of the pilot test facility, work involved the road in the site, road illumination system installation in the site, and an unauthorized entry prevention system. In the construction of the coal gasification facility, work involved electrical instrumentation and painting for the coal feeding system, coal gasification furnace, heat recovery boiler, and so forth, and the installation of a series of devices was completed. In July following the completion, power was received and test operations were started, which included the operation of the coal gasification facility alone. Renting was started in August for the coal pretreatment facility, air separation facility, and the slag treatment device. In the study of the operation control technology for the oxygen-blown coal gasification furnace system, test operations were conducted based on the operating procedures prepared in the preceding fiscal year, which included a test operation performed for the pilot test facility alone. Parameters for equipment control obtained through the test operations, and improvements on operating steps carried out as required, were all reflected on the operating procedures. (NEDO)

Development in fiscal 1999 of technologies to put photovoltaic power generation systems into practical use. International cooperation projects (Collection of information on IEA photovoltaic air conditioning and hot water supply program); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kokusai kyoryoku jigyo (IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This paper reports activities of collecting items of information by dispatching experts mainly composed of members of the IEA photovoltaic air conditioning, and solar heating and cooling program (SHCP) committee to the SHCP Executive Committee and the Task expert conferences. This treaty is intended to assist creating the environmentally sustainable future by utilizing solar designs and technologies. It also aims at developing solar technologies including cost reduction as a result of the joint researches with business entities, structuring international markets, providing items of information, quantifying the effectiveness to the environment, performing the international standardization, and promoting utilization of solar technologies in developing countries. The tasks now in action include architectural lighting, methods for analyzing solar architectural energies, optimization of solar energy utilization in large buildings, procurement of active solar systems, air conditioning systems in buildings using the solar energy, solar heat composite systems, expansion of exterior component materials for solar buildings, sustainable buildings, agricultural solar drying, solar cities, a hybrid heat/PV solar system. (NEDO)

Manufacturing technology for advanced jet engines; Jisedai jetto engine no seizo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirakawa, H [Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., Kobe (Japan)

1997-04-05

A part of the latest production technologies for aircraft jet engines is introduced. Outline of the turbofan engine, turbo-prop engine, and turbo-shaft engine are given. Every one of them employs a gas turbine engine comprising a compressor, combustor, and a turbine as the output generator. Increase in the turbine inlet temperature is effective for making the gas turbine engine more efficient. The development tread of heat resisting materials for realizing higher temperature is shown. The current status and future aspect of the manufacturing technology is discussed for each main component of the engine. Technological development for decreasing weight is important because the weight of the fan member increases when the fan diameter is increased to increase the bypass ratio. FRP is adopted for the blades and casing to decrease the weight of the compressor, and studies have been made on fiber reinforced materials to reduce the weight of the disks. The outlines of the latest manufacturing technologies for the combustor and turbine are introduced. 2 refs., 9 figs.

How to proceed R and D effectively; Gijutsu kaihatsu no koritsutekina susumekata

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawakita, Tetsuya [Ajinomoto Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-07-05

They greatly divide R and D into next three in the enterprise, it is considered. (1) The goal-oriented basic research. (2) The applied research. (3) Technology development. Here, they try to want to consider the measure for efficient result sending out in technology development. It always considers that the largest effect is raised in research personnel who was limited in advancing technology development, it is observed in the standpoint for the operation management. The thought of Concurrent Engineering has already been taken in daily management, and it is had thing sure. In large wave of the internationalization, the high competition superiority is ensured in respect of the cost competitiveness, while the goal is clarified, and while it lectures on the means for overcoming the bottleneck. Responding to the expectation of the management by the further improvement in the technology development force believes not differing role of the engineer in the enterprise. (NEDO)

Demonstration technology development of new hydrogen energy; Shinsuiso energy jissho gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

A phenomenon of excess heat generation through the electrolysis of heavy water using palladium metals as electrode can be recognized as new hydrogen energy. Its mechanism has been investigated for four years since FY 1993. In FY 1993, the New Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Research Center and the New Hydrogen Energy Demonstration Laboratory were organized, and the research was initiated. For the excess heat generation demonstration model tests, two types of electrolysis experimental units were constructed, and the Pd/D-based electrolysis experiments were initiated. For the measurements of excess heat using an open type electrolysis cell, there were rather large errors ranging from -13% to +7%. It is necessary to improve the accuracy. For the measurements using a fuel cell type electrolysis cell, generation of the excess heat ranging from 0% to 6% was observed. For the validity of this, it is required to confirm the long-term stability of calibration and cell components. For the correlation between the increase in absorbing rate and the generation of excess heat, results of 2 to 3% lower were obtained. 28 refs., 89 figs., 26 tabs.

Development of advanced coal cleaning process; Kodo sekitan kaishitsu gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Osaka, S [Center for Coal Utilization, Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Akimoto, A; Yamashita, T [Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-09-01

This paper aims to develop a clean coal production process which excellently removes environmental pollutant, is low-costed, and need no particular systems for distribution of products. The result of the development was described paying attention to column flotation which is a technology to high-efficiently select particulate regions, particulate heavy media cyclone, magnetic separation, and the basic design of the process into which those above were integrated. The two-stage selection process, which is an integration of column flotation and particulate heavy media cyclone into the conventional coal preparation equipment, can produce low-ash clean coal at high separation efficiency and also suppress the rise in processing cost. This process was also effective for removal of sulfur content and trace metal elements. The use of clean coal at power plant can be effective for not only the reduction in ash treatment amount, but the aspect of boiler operation characteristics such as heat transfer efficiency of boiler furnace wall, ash related troubles, loads of electrostatic precipitator, loads of flue gas desulfurization facilities. 17 figs., 5 tabs.

Trend of laser cutting technology; Laser setsudan gijutsu no saikin no doko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murai, T. [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-10-05

Recent trend of CO2 laser cutting is described. The cutting speed has increased five times in these seven years, and cutting is now performed at 8m/min for a hole that satisfies a circularity of 50{mu}m. In the low-speed domain, again, cutting accuracy is as high as 20{mu}m. In the cutting of thick plates, laser encounters some difficulties, which include the increased thermal load on optical parts and devices in the oscillator, lessened cutting condition tolerance, variation in the accuracy of products, difficult cutting, etc. Discussed in this report are measures for correcting factors affecting product quality with reference taken to a thick soft steel plate. A laser beam emitted by an oscillator is condensed by and projected through a condenser lens, and the condensing capability is affected by various factors, such as the beam mode order, beam diameter, and focal length, etc. What is important is to find out the optimal conditions. The assist gas has to satisfy certain conditions because it assumes an important role in controlling the discharge of molten metal from cut grooves, heat generated by oxidation reaction, and cooling. The properties of the material to be cut also exert some influence. In the case of thick plate cutting, the cutting capability is governed by the geometry to be fabricated. Also employed for the prevention of poor jobs due to improper condition switchover and cutting routes is an optimal cutting condition control technique. 3 refs., 12 figs.

High power YAG laser cutting; Koshutsuryoku YAG laser ni yoru setsudan gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Owaki, K. [Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-08-01

This paper describes features of high power YAG cutting. The optical fiber transmission YAG laser machining system has some advantages in which optical path length compensation unit is not required and measures for low power loss and dust are not required, when compared with the CO2 laser system. Its application to the cutting of stainless steel plates has attracted attention. Cutting tests of SUS304 were conducted using high power YAG laser. Cutting of SUS304 plate with a thickness of 40 mm could be successfully done at the power of 3.5 kW. Cutting tests of SUS304 pipes with a thickness of 8 mm in water under the depth of 20 m were also conducted using air as assist gas at the power of 2.5 kW. Excellent results were obtained without scale deposition. For the tests by the composite beam using 3 kW and 4 kW systems, SUS304 plate with a thickness of 50 mm could be cut at the cutting speed of 0.1 m/min. Laser cutting of pipes from the internal surface was conducted using a newly developed small machining head which can rotate in the peripheral direction. Excellent quality for welding was confirmed. Cutting speed and plate thickness were improved by combining water jet cutter and YAG laser unit. 6 refs., 10 figs.

Prospect of concrete technology; Kenchiku ni okeru korekarano konkurito gijutsu no tenbo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, Tadahiko [Shimizu Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-10-10

The privatization of state-owned companies, the abolition of the protectionism to domestic industries and the market liberalization, deregulation to the economic activities or movement to abolition of regulation were concretely made a start. Moreover, the reform of the social life was also requested with an increasing of international global environmental preservation. These reform influences in the construction industry have been affected and could not ignored in consideration of the development in the 21st century. In this paper, the summary of reform in development, construction industry; especially the correspondence in the construction industry and the relation to concrete technology from now were described. Especially, concerning establishment of concrete technology, it was given as the construction of the safe and comfortable space, highly production technical development, countermeasures to resource-saving and environmental preservation, search of new concrete materials, development of the renewal technology and correspondence to large project. (NEDO)

History of technological activities of Japanese industry; Sangyo gijutsu rekishi keisho chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

History of technological activities of Japanese industry has been recorded, preserved, compiled and systematized. The purpose is to make international contribution by transmitting Japanese experience and knowledge to the world, and to bring up the human resource for researches by teaching the history of passion and efforts of the predecessors and by arousing interests and creative volitions of science and technology of young persons. However, memorial matters, data and witnesses relating to the history of industrial science and technology are rapidly being lost day by day. When leaving as it is, succession of the history to next generation becomes hard. Under such a situation, basic survey has been conducted to succeed the history of industrial science and technology and promote the creative utilization of them. This is in the third stage of the survey. This report contains the development of new cold rolled steel sheet for cars, plant engineering technology in Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, electronics, electric power distribution technology in Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., development of the PAN carbon fibers, four cycle and low speed marine diesel engines, production of electrolytic copper foil, development of jet engines, camera makers, and production of office machinery. 86 refs., 12 figs., 9 tabs.

Generic supercritical water technology; Generic technology to shite no chorinkaisui riyo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arai, K; Ajiri, M; Inomata, H; Smith, R; Hakuta, Y [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Yokoyama, C [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). The Institute forChemical Reaction Science; Chin, L [New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Tokyo, (Japan)

1997-02-01

This paper describes the measurement and analysis for clarifying solution structure of supercritical water and exhibition mechanism of solvent functions. It also describes the development of new processes using supercritical water as reaction solvent. The PVT measurements were conducted in the supercritical region using pure water and NaCl aqueous solution, to confirm the reduction of molar volume of the electrolyte solution. The hydration structure was examined in the supercritical aqueous solution by the molecular dynamic simulation. As a result, presence of hydrogen bond structure, where the contribution of two branching hydrogen bond can not be ignored, was suggested under the supercritical condition. Characteristics of supercritical aqueous solutions are analyzed through in-situ Raman and scattered X-ray spectral measurements. Moreover, this paper introduces developments of some processes in the supercritical water, such as decomposition of wasted polymers, recovery of chemical materials, reforming of heavy hydrocarbons by contact hydrogenation, and synthesis of fine powders of metal oxide by reaction crystallization.

Demonstration technology development of new hydrogen energy; Shinsuiso energy jissho gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

This report describes results of the study on the excess heat generation phenomenon during the electrolysis of heavy water using palladium metals as electrode in FY 1995. For the measurements of excess heat using an open type electrolysis cell during the excess heat generation demonstration model tests, significant excess heat beyond the range of input was not measured both for ICARUS-1 and for ICARUS-2. For the measurements using a fuel cell, high absorbing rate more than 0.85 was stably achieved for highly pure Pd electrode material by heat treatment and surface treatment. The excess heat could be reproduced for plural tests. The heat recovery rate more than 98% was obtained using the NHE type flow calorimetric system. The excess heat measurements using this are examined. For the reactive palladium materials, various materials ranging from single crystal to cold working polycrystal materials were systematically used for the absorbing experiments. Benchmark tests were also conducted through the cooperation with related researchers. 18 refs., 135 figs., 28 tabs.

NEDO Forum 2000. Industrial technology development session; Sangyo gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu session

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

This session presented the following subjects: I. IT innovation, II. Bio-seminar, III. Nano-technology, IV. Machine technology seminar, and V. 'Development subsidy project to put industrial technologies into practical use'. The theme in I relates to (1) influence of IT innovation on the society, (2) the theory of semiconductor evolution, (3) the theory of liquid crystal evolution, and (4) the theory of disk evolution. The theme II searches (1) how far have bio-technologies come?, (2) search of human evolution from genes, (3) can human being live up to 150 years by bio-technologies?, and (4) what is a DNA array (chip)?. The theme III covers (1) product innovation in polymers (new polymeric materials brought about by polymer nano-technology, taking polyolefin as an example), and (2) creation of ceramics materials by using nano-technologies. The theme IV relates to (1) ITS changes the car society into this way, (2) the current status and outlook on research and development of micro-machine technologies, and (3) the futuristic society and new industries opened by the Humanoid project. The theme V describes (1) practical application of ultra-small medical device production technologies, (2) development of next generation semiconductor manufacturing resists, (3) development for practical application of an optical brain function imaging device, and (4) development for practical application of new screening technologies toward creation of medicines using genome. (NEDO)

PREFACE: International & Interdisciplinary Workshop on Novel Phenomena in Integrated Complex Sciences: from Non-living to Living Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshimura, Kazuyoshi; Ohta, Hiroto; Murase, Masatoshi; Nishimura, Kazuo

2012-03-01

(Institute for Complex and Adaptive Matter, USA), Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (Kyoto University), Institute of Economic Research (Kyoto University) and Kyoto University GCOEs (Global Centers Of Excellence: Physics, Chemistry, and Economics). The workshop was also supported by Niki Glass Company Ltd., THAMWAY Corp., TAIYO NIPPON SANSO, and Quantum Design Japan. The Editors and the Organizing Committee, Masatoshi Murase Kyoto University, Japan Kazuo Nishimura Kyoto University, Japan Kazuyoshi Yoshimura Kyoto University, Japan: Conference Chairman and Chief Editor Hiroto Ohta Kyoto University, Tokyo University of A&T, Japan: Conference Secretary Conference Photograph, 14 October 2010 Conference Photograph Conference Poster Conference Poster

Ionospheric data for two solar cycles available online

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bilitza, D.; Papitashvili, N.; Grebowsky, J.; Schar, W.

2002-01-01

We report about a project that has as its goal to make a large volume of ionospheric satellite insitu data from the sixties, seventies and early eighties easily accessible for public use The original data exist in various machine-specific, highly compressed, binary encoding on 7- or 9-track magnetic tapes. The intent is to decode the data format and convert all data sets to a common ASCII data format and add solar and magnetic indices for user convenience. The original intent of producing CD-ROMs with these data has meanwhile been overtaken by the rapid development of the internet. Most users now prefer to obtain the data directly online and greatly value web-interfaces to browse, plot and subset the data. Accordingly, the focus has shifted to making the data available online on the anonymous ftp site of NASA's National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) at ftp://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacecraft data/ and on the development of a web-interface (ATMOWeb, http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ atmoweb/) to help users study the data and select interesting time periods. The data considered by this project include data sets from the Alouette I, BE-B (Explorer 22), Alouette 2, DME-A (Explorer 31) , AE-B (Explorer 32), AE-C, -D, -E, OGO-6, ESRO-4, ISIS-I, -2, AEROS-I, -2 Taiyo, ISS-b, Hinotori and DE-2 satellites. The data are primarily electron and ion densities and temperatures measured by Langmuir Probes (LP), Retarding Potential Analyzers (RPA), and Ion Mass Spectrometers (IMS) flown on these satellites. The time resolution of the measurements is typically seconds to minutes. This data base covering almost two solar cycles is a unique asset for studies of the variation and variability of ionospheric parameters. It will be an important element in the quest for a better understanding of ionospheric plasma processes and for improved predictions of ionospheric Space Weather. Current models are still very limited in their predictive capabilities especially at equatorial and auroral

Fiscal 1997 report on technological results. R and D on micromachine technology (Development of micro-factory technology); 1997 nendo micromachine gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Microfactory gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Activities are conducted in search of a micromachine system in which devices and equipment relating to machining, assembly, transportation, inspection, etc., in use for a manufacturing process are integrated in a narrow space, for the purpose of conserving energy through the miniaturization of the process of manufacturing small industrial products. With the activities in the two fields of (1) R and D of systematization technology (experimental system for micro fabrication/assembly) and (2) comprehensive investigation and research, examination on detailed specification for the experimental system was carried out, as were the examination of element technologies, element device operating experiments, technological investigation, etc.. In (1), sophistication of the element technologies was contrived that were required for realizing each experimental system, while the detailed specification of each experimental system was decided. Further, a part of the element devices was experimentally manufactured, with the basic functions verified. In (2), research studies were compiled on radio interference for example in the case where various devices were integrated and highly densified through the formation of a micro-factory; also compiled was a joint research with Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, a research conducted for the purpose of building the conception of the micro-factory. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 research report on the research on materialss with functions enhanced by microcapsulation technology; 2000 nendo microcapsul ka gijutsu ni yoru kokinoka zairyo gijutsu no chosa kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research is conducted to create materialss equipped, thanks to microcapsulation, with a noise stopping function, vibration damping function, moisture adjusting function, electromagnetic shielding function, and the like, and usable as structural elements as is, that is, materialss known as 'interactive materialss.' For the development of an interactive materials, it is important to incorporate an element, which interacts with external energy, into the materials. A system using interactive materialss when embodied will ensure a safer and more comfortable daily life space. Taking this into consideration, in this fiscal year, studies are made about the technical representation of problems and troubles that jeopardize the safety and comfort of the daily life space, establishment of standards in this connection, interactive features to be realized using microcapsules, possibility of novel interactive characteristics using the same, techniques for the systematization of microcapsules as industrial materialss, techniques for assessing and analyzing materialss characteristics, simulation or the like of a safe and comfortable space using interactive materials-aided systems, and so forth. (NEDO)

NEDO Forum 2001. Session on industrial technology development (Future of thing making and manufacturing/processing technologies); NEDO Forum 2001. Sangyo gijutsu kaihatsu session (monozukuri seisan kako gijutsu no mirai)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-09-20

The presentations made at the above-named session of the NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) forum held in Tokyo on September 20, 2001, are collected in this report. In a lecture entitled 'History of thing making,' the roles played by the now-defunct National Testing Laboratory and Industrial Test and Research Center were described and strategy for future development was predicted. In a lecture entitled 'Thing making and international apprentices competition,' apprenticeship training in practice at Denso Systems Corporation was presented. In a lecture entitled 'Key technology in thing making: outlook of metal mold industry,' shift in Japanese manufacturers' paradigm and change in metal mold marketing were explained, and the importance of reaching for the first position in the world in some specific fields or of expanding the scope of work in the entire value chain was stressed. In a lecture entitled 'Digital meister project: Aiming at amalgamation of IT (information technology) and MT (manufacturing technology),' database construction in the manufacture of metal molds, introduction of knowledge management systems, and development of CAD/CAM/CAE (computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing/computer-aided engineering) were discussed. (NEDO)

Technology for bonding silicon nitride ceramics. Heat treatment technology to improve diffusion bonding strength; Chikka keiso ceramics no setsugo gijutsu. Kakusan setsugo kyodo kaizen no tame no metsushori gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, M.; Shigematsu, K. [National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya,Nagoya (Japan)

1999-01-25

Silicon nitride ceramics is a structural ceramics with excellent high temperature strength and tenacity, being expected of expansion of application as a high temperature material. However, its processibility is poor, and special sintering technique is required to manufacture members of complex shapes. Therefore, development has been made on a technology to manufacture bonded materials with high mechanical strength, by which diffusion bonding in high temperature nitrogen gas and heat treatment are combined, and crystalline structure in the vicinity of bonding interface is controlled. (translated by NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1996 on the research and development of micromachine technology. Development of microfactory technology; 1996 nendo micromachine gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Microfactory gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The goal is to save energy and minimize the working space by constructing a manufacturing system comprising various micromachines with their dimensions fit for parts and products they handle. Development continues relative to microprocessing (electrolysis, and optical processing) and microscopic liquid operation (micropump, and part holding device). Under research in relation to the assembly process are a micro-arm to handle tiny parts and precision techniques for interfitting within a very small microfactory, a piezoelectric actuator for microscopic position adjusting, and ultraprecise microprocessing techniques indispensable for their manufacture. Also under research are the incorporation of optically driven microdevices developed before the preceding fiscal year into a microfactory and the study of microservo actuators capable of sophisticated positioning and velocity control. Concerning the microscopic transport system to deal with microscopic parts and products, studies are under way so as to embody systems driven by actuators of the electromagnetic type and electrostatic type. In this paper, reference is made to inspection techniques and comprehensive investigations. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the results of the R and D of high efficiency clean energy vehicles; 2000 nendo choteisonshitsu denryoku soshi gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kiban gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Using the petroleum substituting clean energy, the R and D were conducted with the aim of developing vehicles which reduce the consumption of travel energy to 1/2 and the CO2 emission to 1/2 or below of those of existing vehicles. The FY 1999 results were summed up. As to the R and D of the hybrid power system, carried out were the prediction of fuel consumption performance by numerical simulation, evaluation of performance of new hybrid electric vehicles, etc. Concerning the R and D of high efficiency clean energy vehicles, the R and D of the following were reported from each of the makers: hybrid passenger car loaded with methanol fuel cells, hybrid passenger car loaded with ANG engine, hybrid truck loaded with CNG ceramic engine, hybrid truck loaded with CNG engine, hybrid bus loaded with LNG engine, and hybrid bus loaded with DME engine. Further, in the survey of synthetic fuels, the paper reported on the results of the evaluation of synthetic light oil engines and evaluation of characteristics of synthetic light oil. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 survey report on long-term energy technological strategies and the like. Long-term energy technological strategy survey (Medium-term energy technological strategy survey); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Choki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa (chuki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Energy strategies to be implemented under the New Sunshine Program by around 2010 have been compiled, with nation's industrial technological strategies, long-term energy outlook, and the like taken into consideration. The present survey aims to work out medium-term energy technological strategies. In Chapter 2, by conducting studies on the state of energy strategies in the national industry technological strategies as primarily compiled, long-term energy supply and demand outlook, and the history so far of the New Sunshine Program, and social conditions surrounding energy/environmental technologies and energy conditions are arranged in order and then analyzed with a view to deriving social needs. In Chapter 3, in view of the derived social needs, medium-term energy technological strategies are broken down into strategic target details, based on the important regions and major and minor strategic targets of the national industry technological strategies. In Chapter 4, medium-term energy technological strategies are worked out. In Chapter 5, 'basic ideas,' 'measures for promoting technology development,' 'return of the fruits to society' are mentioned as the methods of realizing the strategies. In Chapter 6, surveys and researches are summarized, and future development is predicted. (NEDO)

FY 1999 report on the survey of the history/inheritance of industrial technology. Survey of the inheritance/education of technology in museums of industrial technology in Japan; 1999 nendo sangyo gijutsu rekishi keisho chosa hokokusho. Kokunai sangyo gijutsu hakubutsukan ni okeru gijutsu keisho keihatsu chosa hen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

For the purpose of clarifying the course of promotion of the original/creative future R and D and contributing to selection of technical themes and working-out of developmental methods, survey was conducted paying visits to museums of industrial technology in Japan which evaluate/preserve/exhibit/utilize memorial goods, data, information pertaining to the industrial technology in Japan. Museums for survey were the following ten: Chiba Museum of Science and Industry; Garasu no Sato (Glass Village); Maizuru World Brick Museum; Museum of Industrial Technology; Numata Memorial Hall/Mitsutoyo Museum of Dimensional Metrology; Omachi Energy Museum; Sake Museum; Saint Juan Bautista Museum; Subway Museum; Textile Museum Yukari. One of the points of this survey was to survey the actual state of the experimental type exhibition. The experimental type exhibition, which is wide in sphere, seems to be effective since visitors can operate it, simulate it, feel its size and make scientific experiments. However, the museums are not necessarily satisfied with the present situation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research achievement report. Project for developing key technologies for electronic devices (Projection X-ray exposure process technology and active reflective device structure technology); 1998 nendo denshi device kiban gijutsu kaihatsu jigyo seika hokokusho. Shukusho X sen roko process gijutsu to active hansha kozogata keisei gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

Studies were conducted for the development of technologies of the very advanced level relating to an ultrafine machining process and high-performance reflector type liquid crystal display structure formation. Studied in the research and development of projection X-ray exposure process technology were multi-layer film formation, absorbing body film formation, absorbing body machining, multi-layer film mask defect evaluation, and cleaning for defect reduction. As the result, multi-layer film formation by Helicon sputtering and formation and machining of film with Ta acting as absorbing body therein were carried out, and it was found by actual exposure experiments that there were excellent X-ray reflectivity and absorbing body contrast. Furthermore, a study was made of cleaning using dummy foreign matters, and 100% removal of dummy foreign matters was achieved across a range up to the 70nm level. Studied in the development of active reflective device structure technology were the addition of an electrical control function to the reflector, addition of an unreflected rays absorbing function, production of a bias stabilized device for the practical application of a memory function, and the development of materials for the fabrication of the said devices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 survey report on survey of long-term strategy on energy technology. Long-term energy technological strategy survey (Long-term energy technological strategy survey); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Choki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa (choki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

To enhance still more effectively the research and development of energy-related/environmental technologies, research and development strategies have to be worked out from a long-term view point and policy resources such as investment in research and development should be optimally distributed after clarifying and defining the course to follow toward the achievement of research and development goals. This project aims to conduct studies, and to show the course to follow in the future, towards the establishment of a long-term energy technological strategy by investigating energy systems for around 2050, interim energy systems at the intermediate stage, and innovative energy technologies for realizing such energy systems. In Chapter 1, the position of the survey and its purpose and prerequisites are shown. In Chapter 2, the history of social and economic conditions surrounding energy/environmental technologies and of energy situation up to the present time is compiled, and the outlook is analyzed and predicted. In Chapter 3, formulation of a long-term energy technological strategy is discussed. In Chapter 5, how to embody such a strategy is shown. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 survey report on long-term energy technological strategies and the like. Long-term energy technological strategy survey (Medium-term energy technological strategy survey); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Choki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa (chuki energy gijutsu senryaku chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Energy strategies to be implemented under the New Sunshine Program by around 2010 have been compiled, with nation's industrial technological strategies, long-term energy outlook, and the like taken into consideration. The present survey aims to work out medium-term energy technological strategies. In Chapter 2, by conducting studies on the state of energy strategies in the national industry technological strategies as primarily compiled, long-term energy supply and demand outlook, and the history so far of the New Sunshine Program, and social conditions surrounding energy/environmental technologies and energy conditions are arranged in order and then analyzed with a view to deriving social needs. In Chapter 3, in view of the derived social needs, medium-term energy technological strategies are broken down into strategic target details, based on the important regions and major and minor strategic targets of the national industry technological strategies. In Chapter 4, medium-term energy technological strategies are worked out. In Chapter 5, 'basic ideas,' 'measures for promoting technology development,' 'return of the fruits to society' are mentioned as the methods of realizing the strategies. In Chapter 6, surveys and researches are summarized, and future development is predicted. (NEDO)

Development of sealed nickel-cadmium battery for linear motor car (Maglev). Linear motor car yo Ni-Cd denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kono, K; Yoshimura, H; Yufu, H [Yuasa Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1993-10-29

Development was made of a linear motor car use battery which is strong in repetition of quick charging/discharging and characterized as follows: Its volumetric energy density is 42Wh/kg which is 1.3 times as high as the conventional one. It excels in high efficiency charging/discharging characteristics. High tension steel sheet is used for it, which is incombustible. To lighten the weight, paste type electrodes and high yield point materials were used for the positive and negative electrodes, and jar materials, respectively. To heighten the charging/discharging characteristics, used were electrodes heightened in current collecting effect. To lengthening the life, unwoven nylon cloth was used as a separator. Also to heighten the thermal discharge characteristics, the electrodes were made metallic with a fitting of cooling fins. The battery characteristics as tested gave the following result: At a capacity ratio of 100%, the discharging factor cleared its target value of development also with a high discharging voltage. The charging/discharging characteristics hardly fall in the high temperature region. The charging characteristics include quick charging made possible. As a result of cyclic simulation presuming the linear motor car, the fall in capacity per cycle was as good as 1.5%. 11 figs., 2 tabs.

Heat recovery properties from fuel cell system for telecommunications use; Tsushin`yo nenryo denchi system ni okeru hainetsu kaishu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizawa, M.; Iida, S.; Abe, I.; Yamamoto, M. [NTT Integrated Information and Energy Systems Laboratories, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-08-20

NTT is developing a phosphoric-acid fuel-cell energy system for telecommunication co-generation systems to reduce energy costs and help preserve the environment. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical power to telecommunication equipment and the heat energy that is generated is used by the absorption refrigerators to cool the telecommunication rooms throughout the year. We field-tested this fuel-cell energy system in a telephone office. Two heat recovery methods were applied in the test: one uses direct steam heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant to keep the heat recovery temperature high and to avoid requiring a heat exchanger for the recovery; the other uses heat recovery from the reformer exhaust gas that is directly in contact with the heat recovery water to recover heat more economically. Our field tests confirmed that the average efficiency of heat recovery from fuel-cell stack coolant is 16%, and from the reformer exhaust gas is 9% under 80-kW continuous operation. Maximum total efficiency including electrical power efficiency was confirmed to be about 73% under the condition of 100-kW and an S/C ratio of 2.5 in the winter period: heat recovery from the fuel-cell stack coolant was 23%, from the reformer exhaust gas was 10%, and from electrical conversion was about 40%. 9 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.

Summary of reports on 1979 result of Sunshine Project. Solar energy; 1979 nendo sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho gaiyoshu. Taiyo energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-04-01

This report is a compilation of all outlines of the results concerning 'solar energy' for which R and D was carried out as a part of Sunshine Project in fiscal 1979. The research subjects (items of the studies) are written below. 1. Solar energy system (measurement of spectral irradiance, utilization system, and meteorological investigation); 2. Solar thermal power generation system; 3. Photovoltaic power generation system (basic research on solar cells, silicon vertical ribbon crystal, silicon horizontal ribbon crystal, particle non-acceleration growth type thin film silicon crystal, particle acceleration growth type thin film silicon crystal, new type solar cells, secondary to quaternary compound semiconductor solar cells, and photovoltaic power generation system); 4. Solar cooling, heating and hot water supply system (evaluation system, newly-built private residential system, existing private residential system, multiple dwelling system, large building system, synthetic resin materials, glass based materials, and metallic materials); 5. Solar energy new utilization method (new power generation system and materials); 6. R and D on solar thermal power generation plant (R and D on pilot plant, experimental research for developing plant on curved surface converging method, and experimental research for developing plant on tower converging method). (NEDO)

Report on the results of research and development under a consignment from NEDO of glycoconjugate production utilizing technologies. Development of technologies to fix and effectively utilize carbon dioxide by applying glycoconjugates; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Fukugo toshitsu seisan riyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (fukugo toshitsu oyo nisanka tanso koteika yuko riyo gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper reports research results in fiscal 1997 for the `research and development of glycoconjugate production utilizing technologies`. In synthesizing, utilizing and remodeling technologies for glycoconjugates by means of chemical synthesis, studies were performed on developing methods to synthesize Gal {beta}1-3Gal NA(c {alpha})1-0-Serine in preparative scale, synthesizing high mannose type sugars of natural type without protection groups, and linking GlcNA or GalNAc onto partial peptide of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In synthesizing, utilizing and remodeling technologies for glycoconjugates by using biological methods, studies were carried out, with regard to glycoconjugate synthesizing, utilizing and remodeling technologies utilizing animal cells, on identifying sugar structures of IFN-{gamma} produced from CHO cell line, and isolating CHO cell lines introduced with genes of sugar transferred enzyme GnTIV and/or GnTV. Furthermore, studies were conducted on glycoconjugate synthesizing, utilizing and remodeling technologies utilizing microorganisms, and glycoconjugate structure analyzing technologies. In addition, overall investigation was made on glycoconjugate production utilizing technologies. 113 refs., 76 figs., 18 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Electronic information technology field (Human process ware field for computers); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chsao hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku) denshi joho gijutsu bun'ya (computer kanren bun'ya no uchi, human process wear bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a human process ware (HPW) field on electronic information. Although the current HPW industry is not yet complete, various technologies concerned are being stored, and the HPW industry is expected as new major industry for home and personal information equipment. As factors hindering technological innovation in Japan, the incomplete market, poor cooperation between industry and government, ambiguous role of university, and poor standardization were pointed out. Technology trends were analyzed to extract seed technology fields from 3 viewpoints of mobile HPW available at any time, at any place and to anybody, HPW system capable of customizing every personal use, and HPW supporting development of a creativity. As general strategy, the technology seed chart and map of technical development targets for every HPW were prepared to conceive a route to practical use, and develop element technologies required for practical use, based on the future trend of the market. (NEDO)

Report on the FY 1999 survey on long-term energy technology strategy/basic survey for working out industrial technology strategy. Technology strategy by field - chemical/process field (chemical/process technology field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (kagaku process bun'ya (kagaku process gijutsu bun'ya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

As to long-term energy technology strategy, the paper described the results of the FY 1999 survey of chemical/process technology. The future chemical technology should be transformed from the material production technology in which priority used to be given to convenience to new chemical technology in which the functions needed are to be created. The shortage of the developmental period and minimization of the waste are also desired by the use of new methods. For it, the industry/government/university should gather wisdom together and fulfil the requests from other industries of the country under the circumstances of the society which is aging, is decreasing in birthrate, and is being highly information-oriented. At the same time, the technology should be contributional to constructing the circulating type society which has environmental harmony. If not, it cannot be the technology which is recognized by the society. Efforts should be made for the fundamental technology development, technology to create the materials needed in the society, and development of new process technology to be recognized in the society. Further, the development of technology to meet the needs/restraints from the society should be promoted as seen in the environmental hormone. At the same time, the intellectual base should be prepared such as arrangement of the technology database for advancing smooth technology development. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1998. Development of useful substance production technology utilizing gene combination technology; 1998 nendo idenshi kumikae gijutsu wo riyoshita yuyo busshitsu seisan gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In developing a useful substance producing technology utilizing gene combination technology, plants are taken as a kind of useful substance producing arena, wherein useful protein genes of animals are introduced and manifested in the plants. Thereupon, technological development was carried out for the following items with regard to mass production of useful substances that can be utilized industrially, such as cytokine, by means of plant and cell cultivation: 1. Development of a useful substance producing technology utilizing gene combination technology, and 2. Comprehensive surveys and researches. For the technology to obtain and design useful substance producing genes originated from animals, development of a technology to search and acquire useful genes originated from animals, and a design and modification technology for useful genes. For the technology to introduce genes into gene combined plants, creation of plants combined with useful substance producing genes, and development of an introduction technology using plant virus vector. For the technology to produce high-function chemical substances in the gene combined plants, establishment of technologies for mass breeding and activity analysis of gene combined plants and cultivated cells, and for extraction and refinement of useful substances from the gene combined plants. In the comprehensive surveys and researches, technologies were surveyed and items of information were collected inside and outside the country. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 leading research report. Research on advanced functional material technology based on micro- capsule technology; 1999 nendo micro capsule ka gijutsu ni yoru kokinoka zairyo gijutsu no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Study was made on production technology of the 5th- generation material 'eco-smart composite structure' based on micro-capsule technology. This material ought to have an intelligent function including self-detection and self- restoration of defects, environmental harmony, high strength and long life. At present, these demands are implemented by embedding a sensor, actuator and controller in structure, or optical fiber, shape memory alloy and computer chip in matrix, however, such complex material structure has adverse effect on environment. On the other hand, single structure material such as biodegradable polymer is unusable in severe environment such as the ocean and space. These problems can be resolved by combining composite material and micro-sphere technology, for example fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite structure including micro-capsules with nano particles. According to targets, this material can have a self-restoration intelligent function, and other environment friendly functions such as easy decomposition, sound insulation, oscillation damping, electromagnetic shielding and hygroscopicity. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 leading research report. Research on advanced functional material technology based on micro- capsule technology; 1999 nendo micro capsule ka gijutsu ni yoru kokinoka zairyo gijutsu no chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Study was made on production technology of the 5th- generation material 'eco-smart composite structure' based on micro-capsule technology. This material ought to have an intelligent function including self-detection and self- restoration of defects, environmental harmony, high strength and long life. At present, these demands are implemented by embedding a sensor, actuator and controller in structure, or optical fiber, shape memory alloy and computer chip in matrix, however, such complex material structure has adverse effect on environment. On the other hand, single structure material such as biodegradable polymer is unusable in severe environment such as the ocean and space. These problems can be resolved by combining composite material and micro-sphere technology, for example fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite structure including micro-capsules with nano particles. According to targets, this material can have a self-restoration intelligent function, and other environment friendly functions such as easy decomposition, sound insulation, oscillation damping, electromagnetic shielding and hygroscopicity. (NEDO)

Achievement report for 1st phase (fiscal 1974-80) Sunshine Program research and development - Hydrogen energy. Research on fuel cell (Research on high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell); 1974-1980 nendo suiso energy seika hokokusho. Nenryo denchi no kenkyu (koon kotai denkaishitsu nenryo denchi no kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1981-03-01

Relative to the research and development of technologies for fabricating, and assessing, materials for the constitution of high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells, stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte fuel cell manufacturing technologies are developed by use of thin film formation techniques such as high-frequency sputtering, plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition), and the thermolysis of organic zirconia compound coating. As the result, it is found that high-frequency sputtering produces thin film which is satisfying in terms of cost efficiency. Furthermore, it is found that defects in solid electrolytic thin film formed by the high-frequency sputtering method, that is, pinholes and cracks, will be remedied when the coating thermolysis method is jointly applied. In the research on fuel cell power systems, column-type high-temperature solid electrolyte fuel cells are built, and a power generation test is conducted. The test is successfully completed when the output of a fuel cell of the 9-column module structure gradually increases until a maximum output of 110W is achieved. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on development of the infrastructure to promote use of fuel cells for automobiles. Development of the infrastructure to spread stationary polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems; 2000 nendo nenryo denchi fukyu kiban seibi seika hokokusho. Teichiyo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no fukyu kiban seibi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the results of the FY 2000 studies on development of the infrastructures necessary for introduction and spread of stationary polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems. This project is aimed at establishment of testing and evaluation methods for safety, reliability, performance and so on, and collection of the data, both domestic and foreign, for drafting rules and standardization. The methods are studied to collect the data for the start-up/shut-down operations and rated-load/partial-load operations; establishing the methods for safety evaluation when inert gas purging is dispensed with; and dependence of the cell stack on current, carbon monoxide concentration and cell temperature to establish the basic performance testing methods. The makers are independently developing the stationary PEFC systems, and the data of the selected systems are collected individually as the test systems. The cell stacks also adopt different humidification and cooling methods by makers, and they are tested and their data are collected and analyzed, in order to establish the common testing methods. (NEDO)

FY 1993 report on the results of the technology development for the commercialization of the photovoltaic power system. Development of the solar cell use compound semiconductor production system - development of flight use testing machine; 1993 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchiyo kagobutsu handotai seizo sochi kaihatsu (hikoyo shikenki no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

For a new breakthrough of the technology of the photovoltaic power generation, the paper aims at developing a combined heating furnace, a focal heating furnace and a single heating furnace which are necessary to produce crystals of the substrate of compound semiconductors for high quality solar cell under the microgravity environment obtained in the space, and also the systems related to the functions indispensable to the operation of the above-mentioned furnaces. This report is Vol. 2/3, and described the mission operation in Chapter 7, repair of PFM battery in Chapter 8, mechanical system ground support equipment and maintenance/inspection in Chapter 9, and electrical system ground support equipment and maintenance/repair in Chapter 10. In Chapter 7, described were the arrangement of operation of electrical furnace, operation manual of electrical furnace, procedures for operation, database, training, rehearsal plan, etc. In Chapter 8, of the battery repair plan, the paper carried out the repair design/repair work of battery, and described the state where a test to accept the test specifications is possible. In Chapter 9, indicated were the documents for application and reference of the maintenance/inspection of MGSE. In Chapter 10, the paper reported on the repairs for adaptation for the maintenance and lunching work of EGSE. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the results of the development of commercialization technology of the photovoltaic power system. International cooperation project (Collection of the information on the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Program); 2000 nendo seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu kokusai jigyo kyoryoku (IEA taiyo reidanbo kyuto program ni kansuru joho shushu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

By sending specialists including mostly members of the IEA (International Energy Agency)/SHCP (Solar Heating and Cooling Program) to the Executive Committee Meeting of SHCP and the Task Specialist Meeting, information was collected, and the FY 2000 results were summarized. The mission of this implementing agreement by 2004 was to positively support the creation of the future environmentally sustainable by using solar design/technology to a high degree. For it, the following were to be carried out: development of solar technology including the cost reduction through the joint research with enterprises, construction of the international market, supply of the required information, quantification of the effectiveness of solar technology for the environment, tackling with the international standardization for expansion of the use in the building sector, promotion of solar technology utilization in developing countries, etc. In this fiscal year, finished were Task 19: Solar air/heat collecting system and Task 21: Natural lighting in buildings. Activities of Tasks 22-26, which started in the previous fiscal year, were continued. Activities of Tasks 27, 28 and 29 were newly started in this fiscal year. (NEDO)

Report on the results of research and development under a consignment from NEDO on deca-nano quantum integrating transistor substrate technologies; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Deca-nano ryoshi shusekika soshi kiban gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Researches have been conducted on deca-nano quantum integrating transistor substrate technologies, and developments were made on a three-dimensional device simulator which can be used in deca-nano domains, and a circuit simulator to have quantifying function transistors coexist with silicon semiconductor integrated circuits. The researches were intended to develop a simulator capable of analyzing properties of very small silicon and compound semiconductor devices in deca-nano domains. The researches discussed the applicability of conventional simulators, calculated quantum levels in a three-dimensional hetero structure, and resulted in development of an electron wave propagation simulator in optional two-dimensional shapes, a quantum Monte Carlo simulator, and a three-dimensional semiconductor device simulator with quantum correction. On the other hand, in order to estimate characteristics of a hybrid circuit in which single electron transistors coexist with conventional transistors such as CMOS transistors, a single electron hybrid circuit simulator was developed. The development indicated that a CMOS-SET fused memory is promising as a future LSI memory. 22 refs., 116 figs., 3 tabs.

Report on the results of the fiscal 1997 R and D under consignment from NEDO of photon measuring/processing technology (development of high-efficiency production process technology); 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku photon keisoku kako gijutsu (kokoritsu seisan process gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Development is made of high energy-efficiency laser processing technology and high efficiency/high grade photon generation/control technology as laser light source, for the purpose of energy conservation/efficiency heightening of production processes which require a large amount of energy such as welding, joining, surface treatment, and particle fabrication. As to keyhole dynamics of the molten metal generated on the laser weld, construction of simulational mathematical models was started. Equipment to fabricate semiconductor ultrafine particles which become the core of quantum dot functional structures was designed to fabricate particles. In-situ optical measuring technology was studied of element/size of particles of below 30 nm in size by emission spectroscopy associated with the plasma irradiation. As tightly focusing all-solid-state laser technology, studied was the wavelength conversion method in which harmonics are generated four times as much as the fundamental wave due to high efficient generation of high power UV laser. Also studied were high laser strength, low optical losses, conditions for fostering high homogenity crystals. Technology for high accuracy processing of element surface was established. High efficiency photon generation technology was comprehensively investigated. 140 refs., 276 figs., 46 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 research report on the R and D project under a consignment from NEDO. Photonics engineering (R and D of photonics measuring/processing technology); 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Photon keisoku kako gijutsu (photon keisoku kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Survey was made on the trend of R and D on photonics engineering to clarify the direction of its impact and ripple effect on industrial fields. Reduction of environment burden, improvement of the productivity and reliability of products, and creation of new industries by novel creative R and D are necessary simultaneously. For reconsideration of the previous measurement and machining technologies in a manufacturing industry, use of photon (laser) beams is promising. As photonics engineering, photonics measurement and machining, and elemental and peripheral technologies for generation and control of photon were surveyed. Photonics application technologies for medical care and diagnosis, communication and transmission, entertainment, and chemical fields were also surveyed. In fiscal 1997 as the first year of this project, based on the results obtained in leading researches conducted until fiscal 1996, some technological issues were clarified through the survey on the latest trend of photonics engineering in measurement, machining and generation fields, and its feasibility in the other fields. 265 refs., 91 figs., 10 tabs.

1998 report on results of technological development of super metal. Innovative technological development for producing advanced structure controlled metallic material (high-speed large reduction rolling technology); 1998 nendo super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Kodo soshiki kozo seigyo kinzoku zairyo sosei gijutsu kaihatsu (kosoku daiatsuka atsuen gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

A report was made on the 1998 results concerning technological development of super metal. In the 'research and development of super metal', metallurgical examination has been made on crystal grain super refining process using a machining simulator, with studies carried out on crystal grain refining by utilizing large-strain deformation with more than 50% deformation for a single pass and a diploid structure. As a result, it was found that the crystal grain size can be refined to approximately 1{mu}m. Consequently, in fiscal 1998, a high-speed large reduction rolling test equipment was developed capable of rendering a sheathing technology in a mechanically testable size by a rolling method. This test equipment has such capacity as the maximum load of 1,000 ton and the maximum torque of 95 ton/m and is a rolling mill whose scale is largest in the nation on the laboratory level. The rolling speed can be 120mpm, a very fast speed for a large sized rolling mill. Moreover, equipped with an immediate water cooling facility adjacent to the rolls and an automatic operating system for example, it is a high function rolling mill capable of cooling and rolling that render the complex and delicate sheathing technology of super metal. (NEDO)

Investigational report on the trend of control technology; Seigyo gijutsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-06-01

For the purpose of corresponding to changes of the industrial structure and making full use of the control technology, the paper investigated the state of the application. High-grade automation in the manufacturing industry has reached the spread of use at big companies for these 10 years. The hierarchical structure of business/process/DCS has been completed, and the optimal control and the advanced control have been realized. The development and spread to the much wider field is anticipated. The soft structure system is needed for equipment improvement in view of the life cycle of equipment and toward the elimination of bottlenecking. For the design of the control system, commercial tools began to be much used, and it is expected in future to accumulate and recycle the knowledge/knowhow for effective design work. Further, strict simulation models based material balance and heat balance have also been on the rise, and the advance in technology is expected. Because of the total productivity of the production equipment, the control technology is anticipated not only for the pursuit of controllability but for the use as supporting technology in the operation/driving/failure diagnosis for working out, carrying out and evaluating the optimum operation plan. 18 refs., 99 figs., 100 tabs.

Effective utilization technology of carbon dioxide. CO sub 2 no yuko riyo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ibusuki, T. (National Research Inst. for pollution and Resources, Tsukuba (Japan))

1991-03-12

As carbon dioxide-related environmental measures, method was explained to chemically convert and utilize carbon dioxide. Synthesis is possible of methanol, carbon monoxide, different carbohydrates, etc. by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, using hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water. Task consists of heightening in both convertibility and selectivity, and abundant supply of low cost hydrogen. Methane, alcohol, etc. can be synthesized by electrochemical reducion of carbon dioxide. Because of effectively inserting multiple electron, discssion is being made of catalyst, intergrated with electrode, and electron transmitter. The photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide can be also made by utilizing photoelectric current, generated upon photoradiation on the semiconductive electrode. However, task consists of heightening in both efficiency and selectivity. Photochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, actually made by green plant, consists of oxidationlike decomposition of water and reduction of carbon dioxide. Both those reactions are skillfully separated by intermediation of very quick electron transmission system. Reduction is being studied with semiconductor, metallic colloid, enzyme, metallic complex and other various catalysts. 10 refs., 3 figs., 4 tabs.

Survey of advanced composite material technology; Senshin fukugo zairyo gijutsu ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Results of functions and examples are investigated and described for more than 190 fiber reinforced composite materials. There should be a new viewpoint for even the same material when changing the point to observe it, and new industries will be expected if the viewpoint is adequate. This report has proposed a new concept of `composite functions.` The development works based on non-strength functions which will differentiate the other materials have been stressed. After describing the brief history of the advanced composite materials and significance of composite functions, the present situations and future possibilities of such functions as heat resistance, electricity-electromagnetism, chemicals-proof, adsorption, vibration-proof and resistance, tribology, erosion, sound, adaptability to living bodies and etc. have been examined based on the practical examples. As the future important subjects, adapting possibility of materials having composite functions to marine structures, and possibility of water cleaning system are described. 59 refs., 4 figs., 10 tabs.

Future trend of science and technology. Kagaku gijutsu wa doko made susumu ka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kondo, S. (Inst. for Future Techynology, Tokyo (Japan))

1991-01-05

The fifth survey of a large scale technology forecast which is conducted by the Science and Technology Agency (Japan) is now started. This paper gives a prospect on the megatrend of technical innovation according to the 4th. Survey conducted in 1987. Threefold viewpoints of the analysis are as follows: Type of the technical innovation (Breakthrough type and technology melting pot type). New technology and new product development (adding higher value, human friendly type). Leading technology qualitative innovation of information/electronic technology; pursuit of highly intelligent technology. (Biological technology qualitative innovation of bio-technology: pursuit of simulated organism function). The technical forecast is conducted on 17 field sectors. Examples of design-synthesis and fabrication'' technology are a technology of control based on clarification at atomic and molecular levels'', and another is design and synthesis technology of substances by means of a computer science:.'' 2 tabs.

Laser materials processing as manufacturing technology; Seisan gijutsu to shite no laser kako

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyamoto, I. [Osaka University, Osaka (Japan)

1998-11-01

This paper describes the laser material processing. Laser is artificial light that uses the amplification based on the induced emission of light. It is very excellent in directivity and monochromaticity. The high power density and concentration characteristics of laser enable a variety of high-performance processing such as junction, removal, reforming, and addition. Excellent controllability (that facilitates the automated processing), transmission performance (the processing by energy transmission in long range space is most suitable for laser), and non-contact processing (that contains no wearing, noise, and contamination) are great advantages that the existing processing method does not have. In the wide wavelength area between ultraviolet and infrared areas, the laser that can be used for material processing is very wide over the range of the continuous oscillation to the ultra short pulse of a nanosecond order. The thermal processing accompanied by melting and evaporation as well as the non-thermal processing (quantum processing) by a photochemical reaction is also available as the type of processing. The processing used for manufacturing technology is almost thermal processing including removal, junction, reforming, and addition. The thermal processing covers the range of electronics to heavy industry. 29 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.

Investigation on food sanitation controlling technologies; Shokuhin eisei kanri gijutsu ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doi, Y [Hokkaido Electric Power Co. Inc., Sapporo (Japan); Nishioka, J

2000-03-24

Investigation has been made on the current status of food sanitation controlling technologies. Eighty percent of food poisoning is caused by bacte such as Salmonera, enteritis vibrio, staphylococcus, and pathogenic colibacillus. Putrefaction as the cause for food poisoning occurs from proliferation of different microorganisms. Heating sterilization is the main method being performed, but non-heating method may include sterilization by flash and high voltage pulse discharge in addition to ultra-high pressure and ultraviolet ray sterilization. As a result of the questionnaire survey, what is extracted as the problems in the food sanitation controlling technologies is to establish a rinsing and sterilizing method with large sterilization effect, an effective sterilizing method and thawing of processed marine products, and a cooling method in food processing. Increasingly demanded for the future is to develop a foodstuff sanitation control system using as the core the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP, a quality control program developed by the U.S. NASA to ensure safety in manufacturing space food), and micro-organism control and sterilizing technologies to support the above system. The flash pulse and high-voltage pulse sterilizing technologies as the non-heating sterilizing technology are more effective than the conventional heating sterilization methods also from the aspect of quality retention after sterilization. More active development thereof is desired. (NEDO)

Visualization techniques in diesel engine research. Diesel Engine kenkyu ni okeru kashika gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komori, M.; Tsujimura, K. (New ACE., Tsukuba (Japan))

1993-04-01

In order to grasp the phenomena actually occurring in the combustion chamber for improving the combustion and for reducing the exhaust gas emission of the diesel engines, the visualization techniques are becoming to be essential and indispensable. The authors have observed the spray and combustion, when proceeding the combustion improvement by the high pressure injection, and then have performed the image processing and simulation calculation based on them. The high pressure injection devices used for the experiment are the intensifier type and accumulator type which can generate the injection pressure more than 200MPa, and both of them are the electronic controlled hydraulic drive type, and are driven separately from the engine. Since it was found that the analysis of high pressure injection by the hologram is limited in the conditions, as for the spray, the spray analysis was performed by the transmitted light attenuation method and laser sheet method. As for the combustion, the engine for observing the combustion was trially made, and then the combustion state was observed by the high speed photograph. Furthermore, the flame temperature analysis by the image processing using the combustion photograph and the analysis of flow and turbulence of the flame were carried out. 9 refs., 16 figs.

Development of pressurized coal partial combustor; Kaatsu sekitan bubun nenshoro gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, T [Center for Coal Utilization, Japan, Tokyo (Japan); Kawamura, K [Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan); Tanaka, T [Chubu Electric Power Co. Inc., Nagoya (Japan); Muramatsu, T [Electric Power Development Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-09-01

The coal partial combustor (CPC) uses a combustion technology with which coal is burned at elevated temperatures and under revolution, the constituents are captured on the furnace wall and removed as molten slag from the furnace. This is a combustion technology to reduce load of ash on subsequent devices. To generate a molten condition, it is necessary to raise the combustion temperature as high as possible (to about 1600 degC in the furnace), but this is effective for a gas turbine composite power generation system. An efficiency of higher than 45% may be expected at the power transmission terminal. As an operation on subsidy from the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, the normal-pressure CPC technology has already been established, and a research on pressurized CPC is being progressed since fiscal 1991. The research is in progress with a schedule that elemental tests for 7 tons per day production are conducted until fiscal 1995, a 25 tons per day pilot plant will be completed by November 1997, and verification tests for long-term continuous operation will be implemented until 1998. The 7 tons per day elemental tests have identified gasification performance and slag extraction performance using five types of coal having different properties. 7 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.

Denchuken review. Prospecting and visualization technology; Denchuken review. Chika no tansa kashika gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-05-30

This paper introduces the prospecting and visualization technology cultivated in Denchuken (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry). The fluctuations in underground gas, underground water, gravity, terrestrial magnetism, and terrestrial current are information from the earth. The change in underground structure, underground water movement, and underground properties can be grasped using this information. With the progress of electronic engineering, a geophysical exploration method has been rapidly developed in recent years. This method is the most advanced technology in many ground examination methods. In the Denchuken, the following methods have been put to practical use between the shallow section of several meters under ground and the deep section of several kilometers. An underground radar method, seismic prospecting method, electrical prospecting method, CSAMT method that estimates the position of geothermal sources or faults by electromagnetic waves, TDEM method, and AE method that destroys the rock at the depth of the ground and detects by slight sound. Moreover, a geotomography method that can visualize the ground depth in precision using a bore hole by nondestruction executes the tomography based on specific resistance, elastic waves, electromagnetic waves, and percolation. 127 refs., 94 figs., 4 tabs.

New technique of railway bridges in Hokuriku Shinkansen; Hokuriku Shinkansen tetsudokyo no gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyabayashi, H. [Japan Railway Construction Public Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-09-01

This paper presents new technologies of the railway bridges in Hokuriku Shinkansen. Hokuriku Shinkansen of 117km between Takasaki and Nagano is a part of Shinkansen connecting Tokyo with Nagano by nearly 1.5 hours. Its construction is in promotion under severe financial condition, and cost reduction is an essential target. Among the concrete bridges in this section, Kirizumigawa bridge, a prestressed concrete strutted 3-span continuous beam bridge, adopted a lowering erection method for its slant pier. In this method featured by high safety and profitability, the rib component of a concrete arch bridge is vertically erected on a arch support, and installed by swinging it toward the central span. In addition, a cantilever method was adopted to keep the scenery of a national park. Daini Chikumagawa bridge with the longest span of 133.9m among concrete railway bridges is the first cable-stayed prestressed concrete bridge in Shinkansen. Yashiro Minami and Kita bridges of 105m and 90m in central span are the extradosed bridges which were adopted as optimum structure for lowering the beam height of meddle-sized railway bridges. 3 refs., 12 figs., 2 tabs.

Technical research and development of long-spanned bridges; Chodai kyoryo no gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakai, F.; Yamanaka, M.; Ogawa, K.; Mizukami, Y.; Kano, J.; Watanabe, K. [Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Kobe (Japan)

1996-10-15

Outlined herein is technical development of long-spanned bridges represented by suspension and cable-stayed bridges. The design of long-spanned bridges requires theoretical analysis of flexibility in which balance after they are deformed by load is taken into consideration. The matrix finite displacement analysis program is developed for optimizing cable-stayed bridge designs and determining suspension bridge shapes as the new major functions. The analysis program, named KASTAN, is also developed for stress analysis of the structure details. A wind tunnel for structure designs is installed to analyze resistance to wind. A number of experiments have been carried out by the tunnel for the designs of segment, main tower and overall bridge models. The means of controlling wind-caused vibration include hydraulic dampers, mass dampers, and combination of high damping rubber and spacer. Cable-stayed bridges are highly flexible, their types being selected by tower height and shape, span ratio and shape of the main beam, and cable position. These bridges constructed by the company include the S-shaped ones whose main beams are supported by cables suspended by two towers of different height, and the others with H-shape towers of high columns which are connected to each other by horizontal beams. 11 refs., 15 figs.

FY 1999 New Sunshine Project survey research project - Survey on the long-term energy technology strategy, etc. Fundamental survey to decide on the industrial technology strategy - Technology strategy by field (Electronic information technology field - Human process ware technology field of the computer relation field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (denshi joho gijutsu bun'ya (computer kanren bun'ya no uchi, human process ware gijutsu bun'ya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The survey/study were conducted to contribute to proposing technology strategies such as the analysis of the present state of technical competitive force and the forecast in the human process ware industry technology field of the computer relation field. The human process ware is a system aimed at fermenting human power for thinking, problem solution and creation. Its main subjects are the following three: close society technology for will communication by automatically learning backgrounds of people joining the community; topics community technology for community formation for the appropriate people/organizations by grasping true topics/purposes from conversation; active interaction technology for supporting creative activities of users/community and making conversation with users. Further, in the region of the technology to meet the requests/restrictions from the society, the following are expected: energy/resource conservation; realization of the life with ease/safety and of high quality in the aged society; realization of the advanced information network society which becomes the basis of a new economic society. (NEDO)

Study on hydrogen storage alloy for NiMH EV battery; EV yo NiMH denchi no suiso kyuzogokin ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanemoto, M.; Tanaka, T.; Furukawa, K.; Watada, M.; Oshitani, M. [Yuasa Corp., Osaka (Japan)

1998-10-30

We have developed a high performance hydrogen storage alloy (MH alloy) suited to NiMH batteries for EV use. During the course of the development, the effects of alloy composition and structure (B/A ratio in AB{sub 5}) on cycle life and high-rate discharge of MH electrodes were investigated using mainly SEM, XRD, TEM analysis. It was found that Co content and B/A ratio (5.1/5) of MH alloy have significant effects on corrosion resistance and high-rate discharge at low temperature. Further, the surface treatments of MH alloy with weak acids and hydrophobic agents were effective for improving the initial activation and for depressing the cell internal pressure build-up. (author)

Improved design of three-dimensional lens for low concentrator PV modules; Teishukogata taiyo denchiyo sanjigen lens no koseinoka ni kansuru kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goma, S; Yoshioka, K; Saito, T [Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Attention is paid to reduction in area required for solar cells by solar concentration as a means of solving cost limits of solar cells and unstable supply of Si materials. Low concentration solar cells are effective from the aspects of utilization of scattered light and unnecessary ray tracing. The optical concentration ratio was calculated of three-dimensional lens having design values of various north/south and east/west direction allowable incidence half angles. The three-dimensional lens are designed by cutting a rectangular parallelepiped by the two-dimensional composite elliptical plane designed by various allowable incidence half angles from two directions of north/south and east/west. Using Perez`s sky solar radiation models and meteorological data HASP, calculated were the annual accumulated global radiation ratio on an inclined surface and the optical efficiency. Calculated were the solar cell area ratio and solar concentration area ratio of the concentration type to obtain solar radiation the same as that of the planar type. From the optimization calculation, it was found that lens are optimal which have design values of north/south and east/west direction allowable incidence half angles of 30-70deg. The solar cell area ratio is 57% and the solar concentration area ratio is 1.2 times. It was found that by making the module area 1.2 times, more than 40% of the solar cells used can be saved. 5 refs., 8 figs.

Fiscal 1999 research report. Research on photonic measurement and processing technology (Development of high- efficiency production process technology); 1999 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Kokoritsu seisan process gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 research result on R and D of laser processing technology, in-situ measurement technology, and generation and control technology of photon as laser beam source, for energy saving and efficiency improvement of energy-consumptive production processes such as welding, jointing, surface treatment and fine particle fabrication. The research was carried out by a technical center, 9 companies and a university as contract research. The research themes are as follows: (1) Processing technology: simulation technology for laser welding phenomena, synthesis technology for quantum dot functional structures, and fabrication technology for functional composite materials, (2) In-situ measurement technology: fine particle element and size measurement technology, (3) All- solid state laser technology: efficient rod type LD-pumping laser module, pumping chamber of slab type laser, improvement of E/O efficiency of laser diode, high-quality nonlinear crystal growth technology, fabrication technology for nonlinear crystals, and high-efficiency harmonic generation technology. Comprehensive survey was also made on high- efficiency photon generation technologies. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the application technology of functional protein complex (R and D of the high-functional maintenance technology for power plants); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Kinosei tanpakushitsu shugotai oyo gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden shisetsuyo kokino maintenance gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

In order to develop advanced maintenance technology for power generation facilities, application technology of functional protein complexes is under investigation. On a light controllable enzymatic reaction system, construction of a light controllable bio-reactor by physico-chemical and bio- chemical techniques, and structure and functions of a photosynthetic protein complex using thermophilic cyanobacteria as material are under investigation. On a molecular mechanism for recognition and reaction of receptor proteins, structure analysis and engineering application of glutamate receptor channels of a synaptic transmission system, and basic study and material proteins for artificial structures using endocytic micromachinery, and a multi-enzyme system for synthesis of glycosphingolipids are under investigation. On a complex oxidation/reduction system by genetic engineering technique, construction of a high- efficiency stable system with functionally arranged oxidoreductase and electron transmission systems in biomembranes is in promotion. Research work was also made on molecular assemblies for a functional protein system. 166 refs., 91 figs., 9 tabs.

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Electronic information technology field (Human process ware field for computers); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chsao hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku) denshi joho gijutsu bun'ya (computer kanren bun'ya no uchi, human process wear bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a human process ware (HPW) field on electronic information. Although the current HPW industry is not yet complete, various technologies concerned are being stored, and the HPW industry is expected as new major industry for home and personal information equipment. As factors hindering technological innovation in Japan, the incomplete market, poor cooperation between industry and government, ambiguous role of university, and poor standardization were pointed out. Technology trends were analyzed to extract seed technology fields from 3 viewpoints of mobile HPW available at any time, at any place and to anybody, HPW system capable of customizing every personal use, and HPW supporting development of a creativity. As general strategy, the technology seed chart and map of technical development targets for every HPW were prepared to conceive a route to practical use, and develop element technologies required for practical use, based on the future trend of the market. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 R an D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (high-efficiency and analysis and manipulation technology for DNA); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (DNA nado kokoritsu kaiseki sosa gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (atom technology). Through the observation of super spiral DNA fixed on a spermin or spermidine treated mica substrate by AFM (atomic force microscope), fixation of DNA without any deformation in solution was clarified, and visualization of the spiral structure of DNA were successfully achieved. Manipulation of Xe atoms adsorbed on an Si(111) surface was certainly possible by using STM (scanning tunneling microscope)/atom probe equipment. A nucleation mechanism in crystal growth was studied for various organic source-molecules/GaAs(001) surface systems, and formation of high-density nuclei on the GaAs surface was achieved by accelerating the translational energy of Ga material molecules up to 6eV or more. Ziegler- Natta catalysis important for industrial polymerization of olefin molecules was precisely analyzed by first-principle dynamic simulation. A large-scale simulation of zeolite catalyst is also in promotion for methanol to gasoline conversion. 51 refs., 87 figs., 7 tabs.

FY 1999 New Sunshine Project survey research project - Survey on the long-term energy technology strategy, etc. Fundamental survey to decide on the industrial technology strategy - Technology strategy by field (Material technology field - Nonferrous metal field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (zairyo gijutsu bun'ya (hitetsu kinzoku bun'ya)))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The survey/study were conducted to contribute to proposing technology strategies such as technical competitive force and the forecast in the material field, especially in the silicon wafer and compound semiconductor field. As to the silicon wafer technology, the following technologies were pointed out as those to be reinforced: future silicon crystals, mirror processing wafer, breakthrough technology needed for super LSI, heat-treated wafer, epitaxial wafer, SOI wafer, measuring/assessment technology, etc. In relation to the compound semiconductor technology, survey/study were made on the bulk crystal growth technology, epitaxial growth technology, crystal growth device technology, wafer processing technology, inspection/evaluation technology, device processing technology, etc. As the comprehensive strategy, the following were proposed: establishment of the place for industry/government/university cooperation, establishment of the center for evaluation of wafer materials/characteristics/process, and establishment of the compound semiconductor R and D center where men of practical business ability from industry/government/university get together and conduct the R and D of production technology and production facilities for compound semiconductor materials and devices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the technical development of super metal under consignment from NEDO. Technology to create ferrous mesoscopic structure control materials; Super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu (tetsukei mesoscopic soshiki seigyo zairyo sosei gijutsu) seika hokokusho (1997 nendo). Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko (NEDO) itaku kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The fiscal 1997 results were reported of the project on the technical development of super metal which draws out limit performance of ferrous metal and improves the recyclability. In the study of large-strain deformation, a study was carried out with the use of large-strain deformation of more than 50% per 1 pass (strain rate: 0.7 or more) and multi-phase structure. By the crystal microstructuring technology, a level was reached where approximately 1{mu}m crystal size can be obtained. In the study of high magnetic field utilization, the course of study of the structure control and microstructuring was chosen in the preliminary experiment using the existing 8 tesla magnet, and the design and fabrication of a new 12 tesla large-diameter magnet were conducted. In the study of material structure prediction, modeling of microstructuring by recrystallization and establishment of a material predicting method of micro/multi-phase/mixed-grain structures were made the subjects. In the analysis of the mesoscopic structure, the mesoscopic analysis was made of the 0.3C-9Ni steel microstructured by the large-strain deformation thermal processing, and it was shown that the reflective electronic image measured by varying accelerating voltage gives new structural information. 111 refs., 135 figs., 35 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 report of the verification research on geothermal prospecting technology. Theme 5-2. Development of a reservoir change prospecting method (reservoir change prediction technique (modeling support technique)); 1997 nendo chinetsu tansa gijutsu nado kensho chosa. 5-2. Choryuso hendo tansaho kaihatsu (choryuso hendo yosoku gijutsu (modeling shien gijutsu)) hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

To evaluate geothermal reservoirs in the initial stage of development, to keep stable output in service operation, and to develop a technology effective for extraction from peripheral reservoirs, study was made on a reservoir variation prediction technique, in particular, a modeling support technique. This paper describes the result in fiscal 1997. Underground temperature estimation technique using homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions among core fault system measurement systems was applied to Wasabizawa field. The effect of stretching is important to estimate reservoir temperatures, and use of a minimum homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz was suitable. Even in the case of no quartz in hydrothermal veins, measured data of quartz (secondary fluid inclusion) in parent rocks adjacent to hydrothermal veins well agreed with measured temperature data. The developmental possibility of a new modeling support technique was confirmed enough through collection of documents and information. Based on the result, measurement equipment suitable for R and D was selected, and a measurement system was established through preliminary experiments. 39 refs., 35 figs., 6 tabs.

Report on results for fiscal 1997 on development of coal liquefaction technology . Development of liquefaction base technology (studies on development and internationalization of environmentally benign coal liquefaction technology); 1997 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu seika hokokusho. Ekika kiban gijutsu no kaihatsu (kankyo chowagata sekitan ekika gijutsu no kaihatsu oyobi kokusaika kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The research objective is the development of environmentally benign coal liquefaction technology and the studies on internationalization of coal liquefaction technology. Implemented for the former are (1) research on improvement and rationalization of liquefaction process and (2) research on advancement of liquefaction base technology. In (1), studies were made on in-oil preprocessing technology and scale suppressing measures for the purpose of obtaining reform/high grade of coal, and on improvement of liquefied oil collecting ratio, sophistication of coal slurry and attainment of light oil/high grade from liquefied crude oil for the purpose of optimizing liquefaction reactive conditions and improving a solvent. In (2), in developing high activity/high dispersion type new catalysts, catalytic sufurization behavior and activity manifestation mechanism were explored, as were iron hydroxide based iron ore properties and liquefaction reactive characteristics. The initial reactive characteristics of liquefaction for example were investigated for the purpose of collecting basic data for expanding kinds of coal. In order to attain the latter objective of the research, a feasibility study of liquefaction location was conducted, as were the investigation including sampling of iron ore for catalytic material and the investigation of coal gasification technology. After the completion of the Australian brown coal liquefaction project, the development of the coal liquefaction technology commenced in fiscal 1994 produced a number of useful records and ended in 1997. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the results of the research and development of fundamental technologies for superconductor applications; 1998 nendo chodendo oyo kiban gijutsu kenkyukaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chodendo oyo kiban gijutsu keknyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-05-01

As to the research on the superconductor manifestation mechanism, Y123 monocrystal which was partially replaced with Zn and Ni was manufactured, and it was made clear that the addition of these impurities greatly change anisotropy of superconductors. It was made clear that instability of lattice and magnetism is included in high temperature superconductor. Also made clear was an important role in the Nb/Ba replacement in existence of magnetic flux melting phase transfer and the magnetic field induced pinning effect. The manufacture of Y123 bicrystal membrane was successful by the liquid phase epitaxy method. The manufacture of non-copper base K-Bi-O new superconductor was successful by the ultra-high pressure synthesis method. The stabilized process was established for large size crystals of 15-20mm square in Y base and of 20-25mm square in Nd base. Also successful was the growth by LPE method of crystal with thick membrane of 20mm x 20mm x 10{mu}m on the MgO monocrystal substrate. The non-bicrystalization of Y base Nd base monocrystal was successful, and the peak phenomenon control in Jc-H was found out. By neutron irradiation, the acquisition magnetic field of 3.7T at 77K was achieved using bulk Y base 123 material with diameter of 3cm. And, the critical current density of 60,000 A/cm{sup 2} was achieved at 77K and 3T. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual summary report on photon measuring/processing techniques. Development of the techniques for high-efficiency production processes; 1998 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Kokoritsu seisan process gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The objectives are set to develop the techniques for energy-efficient laser-aided processing; techniques for high-precision, real-time measurement to improve quality control for production processes and increase their efficiency; and the techniques for generating/controlling photon of high efficiency and quality as the laser beam sources therefor, in order to promote energy saving at and improve efficiency of production processes consuming large quantities of energy, e.g., welding, joining, surface treatment and production of fine particles. The R and D themes are microscopic processing technology: simulation technology for laser welding phenomena; microscopic processing technology: synthesis of technology for quantum dot functional structures; in-situ status measuring technology: fine particle elements and size measurement technology; high-power all-solid-state laser technology: efficient rod type LD-pumping laser modules and pumping chamber of a slab-type laser; tightly-focusing all-solid-state laser technology: improvement of E/O efficiency of laser diode, high-quality nonlinear crystal growth technology and fabrication technology for nonlinear crystal; and comprehensive investigation of photonics engineering: high-efficiency harmonic generation technology. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on Sunshine Program. Practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems (Development of peripheral technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu seika hokokusho. Shuhen gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

As for their outputs, the 3kW separately-excited and self-excited photovoltaic power plants yield daily averages of 7.8kWh and 6.9kWh, respectively, and this means that the self-excited type is inferior to the separately-excited type in terms of conversion efficiency. Automatic measuring devices for photovoltaic characteristics are installed at Sapporo, Sendai, Nagoya, and Miyazaki, which will elucidate regional difference in photovoltaic characteristics. A simulation of photovoltaic characteristics is performed and the resultant value is compared with the yield of an experimental 3kW system, and the result of the comparison is found reasonable. Cell arrays are subjected to investigation for configurations lowest in output loss for the respective shadow patterns. Harmonic characteristics are analyzed under plural-interconnection circumstances. Studies are made to miniaturize and simplify system constituents, and it is found that a 3-hour storage is proper for a 3kW-class storage battery. It is also found that a self-excited type suffers less voltage fluctuation in interconnected operation on a small short-circuit capacity system. Possibilities are that independent operation is started when output is larger than load, which is to be detected by checking changes in phase, frequency, etc. Array configuration, arresters, and shielding wires are taken up for the study of measures to cope with direct thunder strokes. (NEDO)

Report on achievements in fiscal 1999. Research and development of micro-machine technologies (development of micro-factory technologies); 1999 nendo micro machine gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Micro factory gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to achieve energy saving by micronizing the manufacturing processes of small industrial products, this research and development is intended to establish technologies to realize a micro-machine system, in which devices for processing, assembly, transportation and inspection used in the manufacturing processes are unified and incorporated in narrow spaces. Fiscal 1999 has performed, on the items of (1) research and development of the systematizing technologies and (2) comprehensive surveys and researches, with respect to the development of the first prototype system, and fabrication on the trial basis of devices to be mounted on the second prototype system, and discussions on further functional enhancement of the different devices. As a result in the research of the systematizing technology, the first prototype system was developed, that unifies the base unit fabricated in fiscal 1998, the electrolysis processing device, the fluid feeding device, the micro-arms, the coating device, the transportation device, and the environment recognizing device. The basic performances of the individual devices on the first prototype system were verified. Based on the result of this function verification, optimal design and fabrication on the trial basis of the devices mounted in the second prototype system were performed, and discussions were given on the further function enhancement in each functional device. (NEDO)

FY 1998 annual summary report on photon measuring/processing techniques. Development of highly functional maintenance techniques for power generating facilities; 1998 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu. Hatsuden shisetsuyo kokino maintenance gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The objectives are set to develop the techniques for non-destructive measurement of conditions of facility portions, especially those exposed to severe environments, e.g., elevated temperature and pressure, over a wide range; the techniques for measurement of leakage of, e.g., gases, at high sensitivity; the techniques of laser-aided welding and surface-modification treatment for the members exposed to severe conditions; and the techniques for generating photon beams of high quality and energy density as the tools therefor, in order to improve reliability and maintenance efficiency of power generating facilities. The R and D themes are microscopic processing technology: fabrication technology for functional micro-composite circuits; in-situ status measuring technology: gas concentration/component measurement technology, and photon wavefront compensation device technology; non-destructive composition measuring technology: high-sensitivity detection technology using short-wavelength photons; high-power all-solid-state laser technology: rod-type laser and slab-type laser; tightly-focusing all-solid-state laser technology: high-energy pulse, high-quality laser; and comprehensive investigation of photonics engineering: investigation for photon-applied measurement technologies. (NEDO)

Technique to increase performance of C-program for control systems. Compiler technique for low-cost CPU; Seigyoyo C gengo program no kosokuka gijutsu. Tei cost CPU no tame no gengo compiler gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, Y [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

The software of automotive control systems has become increasingly large and complex. High level languages (primarily C) and the compilers become more important to reduce coding time. Most compilers represent real number in the floating point format specified by IEEE standard 754. Most microprocessors in the automotive industry have no hardware for the operation using the IEEE standard due to the cost requirements, resulting in the slow execution speed and large code size. Alternative formats to increase execution speed and reduce code size are proposed. Experimental results for the alternative formats show the improvement in execution speed and code size. 4 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 report of the development of high efficiency waste power generation technology. No.1 volume. Element technology development; Kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu (yoso gijutsu kaihatsu). 1997 nendo hokokusho (daiichi bunsatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Following the previous fiscal year, the technology development was conducted of a high efficiency waste power generation system using general waste as fuel. In the development of high temperature high efficiency combustion furnace, a combustion test on the external circulating fluidized bed incinerator was made to obtain data on formation/decomposition of dioxins. Moreover, a combustion test was conducted using mock refuse, petroleum-derived waste and waste plastics, to confirm stabilized combustion characteristics and low pollution. In the development of a corrosion resistant superheater, made were the stress load high temperature corrosion test, study of intergranular corrosion by elements of impurities, etc. In the development of the environmental load reduction technology, conducted was the conceptional design of pulse plasma exhaust gas disposal equipment corresponding to the actual one. In the verification test in a pilot plant, the pilot plant passed the pre-use inspection and was completed in February 1998. In the study of an optimal total system, discussed were the data on the pilot plant verification test, measuring points, how to arrange them, etc. 2 refs., 88 figs., 50 tabs.

International Clean Energy System Using Hydrogen Conversion (WE-NET). subtask 4. Development of hydrogen production technology; Suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET). subtask 4. Suiso seizo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

This paper describes development of hydrogen production technology as a part of the WE-NET project. For the solid polymer water electrolysis method higher in efficiency and lower in cost than the previous methods, 5 companies have developed element technologies for improving electrolysis cells and synthesis technologies of hot solid polymer electrolyte based on each proper catalyst electrode production method. In fiscal 1996, the initial study on large-scale systems by middle laboratory cells was made as well as improvement of electrolysis performance by small laboratory cells and endurance tests. Among the previous methods such as a hot press method (bonding of an ion exchange membrane to an electrode), an electroless plating method (preparation of porous surface onto a membrane electrode assembly), a zero gap method (preparation of high-efficiency high-current density cells), and a sintered porous electrode method (carrying of the mixture of catalytic powder and ion exchange resin-dissipated solution onto sintered metallic porous electrode surface), the former two methods were adopted for development of bench-scale cells as effective promising methods. 192 refs., 183 figs., 108 tabs.

Analysis and evaluation for practical application of photovoltaic power generation system. Analysis and evaluation for thin substrate polycrystalline solar cells (alloy-base amorphous materials, PIN layers, strains in the interface, and effects of impurities); Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka. Usumaku taiyo denchi jitsuyoka no tame no kaiseki hyoka (gokinkei amorphous zairyo pin kakuso kaimen ni okeru yugami fujunbutsu nado no eikyo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuda, A; Oeda, H; Yamasaki, S; Hata, N; Kondo, M; Toshima, Y; Sakata, I; Ganguly, G; Suzuki, A; Kamei, T; Okushi, H; Nonaka, H; Oda, N; Katagiri, H; Ichimura, N; Kokubu, K; Nakamura, K; Sekikawa, T; Yamanaka, M [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1994-12-01

Described herein are the results of the FY1994 research program for analysis and evaluation for thin film solar cells. The study on quantitative analysis of hydrogen atoms in a plasma determines quantity of hydrogen atoms in the plasma of monosilane diluted with hydrogen. It is found, contrary to expectation, that quantity of hydrogen atoms in the plasma decreases as it is more diluted with hydrogen. The study on light-induced degradation of the thin chlorine-base amorphous silicon films confirms that the plasma CVD method with 20% of dichlorosilane gas added to monosilane gas produces the thin amorphous silicon film 3 times faster than the conventional method. The thin film has essentially the same defect density as the one prepared by the conventional method, showing good photoelectric characteristics. The thin film of chlorinated amorphous silicon has a 1 digit lower defect density than the conventional one of amorphous silicon, as revealed by the accelerated degradation test with irradiated laser light and the constant current method to determine saturated defect density. 3 figs.

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of solid polymer type fuel cells (Development of techniques for power generation systems and several tens kW class, distributed power source systems); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu / koden'atsugata su 10kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The cells are tested using a CO-containing synthetic reforming gas in 1998, to verify the long-term characteristics of the solid polymer type fuel cells. The cells, equipped with the anode catalyst developed therefor, are tested for extended periods, to confirm the performance and stability in the synthetic gas flow. For development of the catalyst, the optimum content of Ru in the Pt and Ru alloy composition is determined. For the cell tests, the single- and 3-cell units are tested for extended periods. For verification of commercial viability of the stacked cell systems, the cell-humidifying techniques are developed, which can uniformly humidify each cell in the stacked unit with a number of cells, after investigating the effects of temporal changes in water permeability, pretreatment conditions and film thickness. These techniques are used to develop and operate a 10kW, stacked cell unit, which successfully generates power of 10.6 kW at the rated current density, exceeding the target of 10 kW. For development of design bases for compact fuel treatment system, the techniques which allow reduction of CO concentration to 10 ppm or less at high repeatability are developed. (NEDO)

1998 Annual Study Report. Research and development of solid polymer type fuel cells (Development of techniques for power generation systems and several tens kW class, distributed power source systems); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu / koden'atsugata su 10kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The cells are tested using a CO-containing synthetic reforming gas in 1998, to verify the long-term characteristics of the solid polymer type fuel cells. The cells, equipped with the anode catalyst developed therefor, are tested for extended periods, to confirm the performance and stability in the synthetic gas flow. For development of the catalyst, the optimum content of Ru in the Pt and Ru alloy composition is determined. For the cell tests, the single- and 3-cell units are tested for extended periods. For verification of commercial viability of the stacked cell systems, the cell-humidifying techniques are developed, which can uniformly humidify each cell in the stacked unit with a number of cells, after investigating the effects of temporal changes in water permeability, pretreatment conditions and film thickness. These techniques are used to develop and operate a 10kW, stacked cell unit, which successfully generates power of 10.6 kW at the rated current density, exceeding the target of 10 kW. For development of design bases for compact fuel treatment system, the techniques which allow reduction of CO concentration to 10 ppm or less at high repeatability are developed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 phase 2 R and D report of WE-NET (International Clean Energy Network Using Hydrogen Conversion). Task 6. Development of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell supplied with pure hydrogen; 1999 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET) dainiki kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Task 6. Junsuiso kyokyu kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 research result on development of element technologies for a pure hydrogen fuel cell power system of nearly 45% in efficiency at terminal, and demonstration test result on the 30kW class polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system supplied with pure hydrogen. On cell voltage characteristics in high-utilization operation, study was made on degradation and corrosion caused by short supply of hydrogen by using a single cell. As a result, it was found out that reverse polarization of -3.0V has small effect, however, that of -0.7V causes corrosion and deterioration of cell characteristics in a short time. In operation using actual-size cells for the 30kW class plant, it was effective to wet cells on the air side. On hydrogen high-utilization operation technique, study was made on hydrogen recovery and recycle operation, anode outlet line closed operation, and anode recycle operation. In addition, some studies were made on specifications of auxiliary facilities for fuel cells, safety measures for fuel cells and humidity control of supplied hydrogen gas. (NEDO)

New Sunshine Program for fiscal 2000. Development of photovoltaic system commercialization technology - Development of thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of low-cost large-area module manufacturing technology (Development of next-generation thin-film solar cell manufacturing technology - Development of CIS solar cell module manufacturing technology); 2000 nendo New sunshine keikaku seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu, Hakumaku taiyodenchi no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Tei cost dai menseki mojuru seizo gijutsu kaihatsu, Jisedai hakumaku taiyodenchi mojuru no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu (CIS taiyodenchi mojuru no seizo gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development was carried out for the production of a Cu(InGa)Se{sub 2}-based thin-film solar cell submodules, having a conversion efficiency of 13% and an area of 30 cm times 30 cm, at a cost of 140 yen/Wp (at a production rate of 100 MW/year). In the effort to fabricate a large-area photoabsorption layer, reproducibility was improved by the introduction of a technique for controlling the Cu/III group ratio in and the thickness of the metal precursor film by the use of ICP (inductively coupled plasma) analysis. A maximum conversion efficiency of 12.93% and a reproducibility of 85% were achieved, which meant that the production cost goal was achieved. In the effort to develop a high-resistance buffer layer fabrication technology, a fabrication method was developed in which a lower limit was specified for solution transparency enabling the completion of the film fabrication process with no colloid formation occurring in the solution. For preventing the high-resistance buffer layer fabrication process from growing too complicated, the steps were integrated into one for the MOCVD-ZnO:B window layer. As the result, the film fabrication process subject to the film fabrication control based on solution transparency was simplified for a great increase in reproducibility. (NEDO)

Fundamental analysis of thermally regenerative fuel cell utilizing solar heat; Taiyonetsu wo riyosuru netsu saiseigata nenryo denchi no kiso tokusei no kaiseki

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ando, Y; Tanaka, T; Takashima, T; Doi, T [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan); Aosawa, T; Kogoshi, S [Science University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-11-25

Study was made on a thermally regenerative fuel cell using solar heat. The thermally regenerative fuel cell was devised which is composed of 2-propanol liquid-phase endothermic dehydrogenation at nearly 100degC, and acetone liquid- phase exothermic hydrogenation at nearly 30degC as reverse reaction. This low-temperature dehydrogenation can relatively easily utilize a flat solar heat concentrator. 2-propanol dehydrogenation generates acetone and hydrogen. Generated acetone generates electric power in hydrogenation, generating propanol. This propanol regenerates acetone and hydrogen in dehydrogenation. The activity of Ru and Pt composite catalyst was considerably higher than that of Ru or Pt single catalyst. The activity was also higher in carbon felt or carbon cloth carrier than carbon plate carrier. The open circuit voltage of the fuel cell was estimated to be 110-120mV, nearly consisting with theoretical values. Short circuit current was also estimated to be 9-11mA, suggesting reduction of its internal resistance as an important subject. 4 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Electrolyte loss mechanism of molten carbonate fuel cells. 1; Yoyu tansan`engata nenryo denchi ni okeru denkaishitsu loss kiko ni tsuite. 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

During a single-cell disassembly test of molten carbonate fuel cells having been operated for 90 hours to 5500 hours, correlativity was discovered between decrease in the retained amount of electrolyte due to decrease in pore capacity of electrodes and electrolyte plates and the electrolyte loss. The electrolyte loss amount cannot be explained with the conventional mechanisms, thereby a new model was proposed. The cathode has shown very little change in the capacity change in pores with diameters smaller than 2 {mu}m per unit area. The anode has remained almost constant after 1000 hours, but the electrolyte plates have shown remarkable decrease. Therefore, it is possible to estimate that the electrolyte plates should have been the major cause for the electrolyte loss. The result of measuring the electrolyte loss amount agreed well with that estimated using pore capacity curves. This fact suggests that the electrolyte loss can be explained by a new mechanism that hypothesizes the existence of a largest size of retaining pores that can support carbonates and defines that the electrolyte loss is generated from decrease in the pore capacity. 7 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Sintering behavior of porous electrolyte supporting matrix for molten carbonate fuel cells; Yoyu tansan`en nenryo denchi denkaishitsu hojiso no shoketsu kyodo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sonai, A; Murata, K [Toshiba Research and Development Center, Kawasaki (Japan)

1993-11-01

Considerations were given on pore distribution in lithium aluminate that supports electrolyte in molten carbonate fuel cells under cell operating condition, and its sintering mechanism by measuring time-based change in the linear contraction. The following findings were obtained: Pore capacity in the lithium aluminate layer has decreased in 1000-hour operation, creating pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m in which no carbonates have been filled; the cross-leak in reaction gases and ion resistance in the electrolyte retaining layer have increased resulting in degraded cell performance; the lithium aluminate layer has generated initial quick densification as a result of melting of the carbonates, with the more the liquid phase, the larger the linear contraction; and pores with diameters greater than 2 {mu}m are thought to have been generated as the densification of the lithium aluminate due to dissolution and reprecipitation progresses. The densification can be explained well if this is regarded to consist of a slow densification process in association with sintering of lithium aluminate particles, and progress in a sintering mechanism where solid phase has solubility against liquid phase. 9 refs., 8 figs.

Hear recovery properties from fuel cell system for telecommunications use; Tsushin`yo nenryo denchi system no fuirudotesuto ni okeru hainetsu kaishu tokusei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizawa, M.; Iida, S.; Abe, I.; Amanuma, H. [NTT Integrated Information and Energy Systems Laboratories Tokyo (Japan); Uekusa, T.; Waragai, S. [NTT Power and Building Eacilities Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-12-20

NTT is developing a phosphoric acid fuel cell energy system for telecommunication co-generation systems to reduce energy costs and help preserve the environment. Fuel cells are used to provide electrical power to telecommunication equipment and the heat energy that is generated is used by the absorption refrigerator to cool the telecommunication rooms throughout the year. We fieldtested this fuel cell energy system in a telephone office for three years. Heat recovered water from fuel cell stack coolant was supplied to the absorption refrigerator and further extra-heat was recovered by a heat exchanger. The toral heat recovery amount was about 86000 kca/h (the heat recovery efficiency was 20%) under 200kW operation. The absorption refrigerator was supplied about 49000kcal/h of heat and operated with 0.7 of coefficient of performance throughtout the year. The electrical efficiency was maintained more than 38% after 13000h operation. 12 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.

Photocatalytic removal of nitrogen oxides from ambient air using solar energy; Taiyo energy wo riyoshita taikichu no NOx no hikari shokubai jokyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fukaya, M; Taoda, H; Watanabe, E; Nonami, T; Iseda, K; Kato, K [National Industrial Research Institute of Nagoya, Nagoya (Japan); Kunieda, S [NGK Insulators, Ltd., Nagoya (Japan); Kato, S

1997-11-25

Experiment was made on removal of NOx from ambient air using ceramic blocks coated with a newly developed easy-to- handle TiO2 film photocatalyst. After TiO2 sol was prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetraisopropoxide, the photocatalytic blocks were prepared through drying and sintering after immersing the blocks in TiO2 sol. The effect of the number of coating on catalytic performance was studied using the single-coated and triple-coated blocks. Artificial solar light of 1mW/cm{sup 2} was used as light source for flowing reaction experiment of air (containing NOx) in a laboratory. NOx concentration rapidly decreased with irradiation, and 94% and 98% of NOx were removed by the single- and triple-coated blocks, respectively. NOx was completely oxidized to HNO3 through NO2 by triple-coated blocks. The demonstration test of removal of NOx from ambient air in Okazaki city showed a removal rate of nearly 90% in noonday and 40% or more in average, while not 0% but 5-20% even in the nighttime. The latter is probably derived from adsorption by the porous photocatalytic blocks. 2 figs., 4 tabs.

Survey on development of brown coal liquefaction techniques; Kattan ekika gijutsu ni kansuru chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1980-09-01

Described herein are results of literature survey on brown coal liquefaction reactions and elementary techniques. Liquefaction of brown coal in the presence of CO and steam, or CO, H{sub 2} and steam has been investigated. It is not clear by the literature survey whether it is superior to the normal process which uses hydrogen. Brown coal contains moisture at high contents, and the drying techniques are necessary to be developed for its liquefaction. The future coal liquefaction plant will be much larger than the past one, and there are a number of problems to be solved, such as those involved in the designs of large-sized high-pressure slurry pumps, heat exchangers and preheaters. It is also necessary to develop the materials of and production techniques for large reactors which are serviceable under severe conditions. The solid-liquid separation for liquefaction products involves a number of the elementary techniques characteristic of coal liquefaction processes, and needs many technological developments. The one-stage brown coal liquefaction process is compared with the two-stage process for the secondary hydrogenation of SCR, but no clear conclusions are reached. (NEDO)

Development of position measuring technology by GPS; GPS ni yoru sokui gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishizaki, T [Ministry of Transportation, Tokyo (Japan)

1994-07-25

With regard to the GPS (global positioning system) which uses the satellites launched and administered by the U.S.A. and has been utilized worldwide for ships, automobiles and geodetic surveys in recent years, Ministry of Transport started investigation and research on the application of its position measuring system from FY 1989. In this fiscal year, a study on position measuring methods and selection of the position measuring system to be developed were made, in FY 1991, the real-time functioning and track display were developed, in FY 1992, the initialization aboard the ship, the measure to prevent cycle slip, and the radio data communication technology were developed, and in FY 1993, a long term demonstration experiment presuming its practical use was conducted attaining the expected purpose. In this article, the developed real-time kinematic position measuring system is introduced. Regarding the position measuring methods by the GPS, there are the one point position measuring method and the relative position measuring method. Regarding this newly developed position measuring device, its application to work ships and structures can be considered in various ways. 4 figs.

Disinfection technology with ozone for cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidium taisaku to shite no ozone shodoku gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, Y.; Takahashi, K. [Fuji Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Motoyama, N. [Fuji Electric Corporate Research and Development, Ltd., Kanagawa (Japan)

1998-06-10

Measures against Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) in the waterworks are discussed. C. parvum is a pathogenic protozoan, and exists in the form of oocyst protected by a hard shell. It does not multiply in water or food, but does in human intestines and causes violent diarrhea and bellyache. A grave concern was created when many people were infected with the protozoan via tap water in Japan and the United States. Under such circumstances, ozone is used in an experiment to inactivate C. parvum. It is found that the C. parvum oocyst inactivation effect is evaluated by using a Ct value (disinfectant concentration Cmg/Ltimescontact time in minute) and that ozone treatment inactivates 90-99% of the protozoan. When various advanced water treatment technologies are being introduced for the purpose of serving safe and tasty water, the outcome of this study conveniently offers an ozone treatment method that will additionally inactivate pathogenic protozoa. Studies will be continued to elucidate the effects of factors of ozone treatment and water quality for the completion of an ideal disinfection process. Reference is made to an example of disinfection work implemented at a water purification plant of Milwaukie City, United States. 9 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

Survey of the development of industrial technology in Japan; Sangyo gijutsu rekishi keisho chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Conditions for creating Japan`s type technologies have been investigated by extracting technologies and experiences meriting the succession to the next generation among the industrial technologies in Japan after World War II. Technological creativity of Japan began to appear from the 1970`s. Quartz watch of SEIKO, U-Matic VTR of SONY, ladle refinery method of DAIDO Steel, PAN-based carbon fiber of TORAY, continuous annealing of Nippon Steel, calculating machine using liquid crystal of SHARP, ASA-400 high sensitivity film of FUJI FILM, and Japanese word-processor of TOSHIBA are the examples. The basic ability to create those products and technology lays in the diversity of firms in electronic device and fine machinery industries consisting the boundary between general and electrical machinery, the systematizing ability and inter-industrial cooperation which were promoted through quality control, automatization of assembly and production control by computer, and the research and development capability which has been brought up during the high economic growth as a learning process of technology. The society and industries have to make efforts to create the new creative conditions for younger generations. Otherwise, Japan`s technology will not develop. 134 refs., 19 figs., 8 tabs.

Noise and vibration improvement technologies for engines; Engine ni okeru soon shindo kaizen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuzuoka, H.; Maeda, R. [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-02-01

This is an outline of recent measurement and simulation technology for reduction of engine noise and vibration. We can recognize correct phenomenon by visualization of noise and vibration phenomena using new measurement technology. And we can create optimum countermeasures using new simulation technology In this report, examples of application of these technology in the development of NEO-DI engines are provided. (author)

Process improvement technology for petrochemical plant; Sekiyu kagaku puranto ni okesu purosesu kaizen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, Shin

1999-05-05

Before, GTC technology Co. was a manufacturer of the tray as a Greenwich technology. It is the subsidiary, which undertakes technology and licence of the engineering firm in U.S.A. at present. It carries out besides the technology licence support in the startup for the prolonged driving of technical service, operating condition of the plant of improvement and optimization and, etc. Has made separation and purification technology, which made extractive distillation to be a beginning good and has the process improvement technology to the PTA (high-pure terephthalic acid) from BTX (benzene toluene xylene) of petrochemical plant. (NEDO)

Domestic and overseas situations of Japanese automobile industries; Jidosha gijutsu. Jidosha wo torimaku shojosei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawahara, H. [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-08-01

The economic circumstances in 1997 are characterized by a high rule in the United States, slow developmental trend in Europe and lagging situations in Asia. The political and economic situations of main counties in the world are summarized with indication of Japanese dull activities, financial crisis and their countermeasures as well as the trade friction in 1998. The number of cars sold in Japan decreased to 3.71 millions in 1997 from 4.55 millions of 1996, while cars imported amounted to 360,000 in 1997 (-14.7% compared to that of the preceding year), the number of exported cars were 4.55 millions as compared to 3.71 millions in the preceding year, namely about 23% increase, of which 1.41 millions for North America and 1.25 millions for Europe. Other evolutional facts are also presented zone by zone. Then, questions which the Japanese automobile industries are faced to are enumerated and explained. The overseas production bases and their activity trends are mentioned, focusing on the modular production system as well as the lean production system as for the international expansion of the products, whereas market strategies with direct injection engine, low emission, hybrid car and so on are described in terms of technical development. Lastly, and innovation of physical distribution tat takes place in the United States such as a movement to a larger scale dealer system, car dealing business through internet and so forth are mentioned including the Japanese trials in line with these matters forecasting an ever-intensive concurrent. 5 refs., 5 tabs.

Fiscal 1994 report. Liquefaction key technology subcommittee; 1994 nendo ekika kiban gijutsu bukai hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-03-01

The subcommittee held the 1st meeting in August 1994 and the 2nd in March 1995, when preceding fiscal year's research results, fiscal 1994 research plans, fiscal 1994 research results, etc., were introduced, and deliberated. In the study of hydrorefining of naphtha, kerosene, and light oil fractions, a nitrogen concentration level of not more than 5 ppm was achieved by refining oils from Indonesian coal. Studies were also made about the two-step hydrorefining system, the relationship between the coal oil refining level and sludge formation, etc. In the research for the development of novel catalysts for upgrading coal oil, the active life of a nickel-supporting catalyst for hydrogenation at the 1st step was somewhat prolonged with an increase in the amount of nickel. In the study of coal liquefaction conditions, an AWIP method was deliberated, wherein liquefaction process waste water was utilized as one of catalytic component adjusting materials. For upgrading liquefaction key technologies, studies were made for catalyst improvement and pretreatment method development, and about the behavior of liquefaction reaction in a high boiling solvent-aided process. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1995 report. Liquefaction key technology subcommittee; 1995 nendo ekika kiban gijutsu bukai hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The subcommittee held the 1st meeting in September 1955 and the 2nd in March 1996, when fiscal 1995 research plans and research results were introduced and deliberated. In the study for designing a high-dispersion catalyst and the elucidation of the mechanism of activity expression, catalysts of highly dispersed iron supported on the brown coal surface in various ways were compared with each other in terms of liquefaction activity. Furthermore, geometric changes in the iron catalyst during the sulfurizing process were examined using the XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (transient electromagnetic) methods. An improved catalyst was found to achieve a liquefaction yield near the Yallourn coal liquefaction limit in a high boiling solvent system. Concerning the study of coal oil product applications and refining technologies, reports were delivered on research results relating to the problem of blocking to occur during naphtha fraction refining and measures therefor, inhibition of active metal geometric changes during reaction, methods for separating hetero-compounds from coal oil and application thereof, and so forth. (NEDO)

Development of application technology of ultrasonic wave sensor; Choonpa sensor oyo gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosoya, H; Hikita, N; Sasaki, H; Kore, H [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

We have developed parking assist system, which informs a driver the closing point and distance to the objects such as other vehicle, wall and pole around the own vehicle at parking area and makes parking maneuverability easy. This system is based on the range detection technology using ultrasonic wave sensor. We have improved the detecting ability in short range of about 20cm by reducing the reverberation of transmitting wave signal and controlling sensitivities of signal intensity and threshold line. We will show mainly the improvement of short range detection of ultrasonic wave sensor, and briefly the performance of parking assist system. 1 ref., 14 figs., 1 tab.

Investigations on an environmental technology transfer information network; Kankyo gijutsu iten joho network chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

With developing countries (APEC countries) as the main objects, investigations were carried out to issue environmental technology transfer information that Japan has accumulated, and advance exchanges of technical information with persons related inside and outside Japan. As a result of the investigations, it was found that the environmental technology information that serves more effectively for the developing countries is the technical information that has been developed by repeating improvements, has provided actual results in work sites, and is actually used, rather than the state-of-art technologies. Based on this result, business entities having factories and operation centers located in Mie Prefecture and the city of Yokkaichi were asked to provide data for the actually used environmental technologies. Out of 51 items provided by 17 companies, nine items were selected to be used as prototype database materials for an information network. The objects of information sources will be expanded to a nationwide scale in the future to improve the contents of the database. Problems of handling information copyrights and technical know-hows were presented in the course of data collection, urging the necessity of due considerations on the matter. Necessity was indicated on maintenance and management of data base as well as its quantitative expansion. 1 ref., 4 figs.

Simulation technique on combustion of solid propellant; Kotai suishin`yaku nensho no simyureshon gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iida, Akihide.; Bazaki, Hakobu.; Douke, Kiyotaka. [Asahi Chemical Industry Corp., Tokyo (Japan). Oita Plant

1999-04-30

The burning area of propellant grain is one of the most important parameter in conducting of design on solid rocket performance. However, it has been difficult to calculate the burning area of propellant grain with precise and speed by geometrical way since most of propellant configuration have been adopted as complicated. In the present study, the simulation system was developed and produced, which was adapted `particle chasing method` to and made ot compute the burning area transition. Moreover, the reliability on computation by the system was check up on. It was found that the discrepancy of calculation between by the geometrical way and by the system was less than 1%. (author)

Leading research on cell proliferation regulation technology; Saibo zoshoku seigyo gijutsu no sendo kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

For developing intelligent material, animal test alternative model, bio-cell analysis equipment, self-controlling bio-reactor and medical material, development of functional cells was studied by cell proliferation regulation technology. In fiscal 1996, the expression analysis and separation technology of specific gene for cell proliferation, and the intracellular regulation technology were surveyed from the viewpoint of intracellular regulation. The cell proliferation regulation technology by specific regulating material of cells, extracellular matrix, coculture system and embryonic cell was surveyed from the viewpoint of extracellular regulation. In addition, based on these survey results, new cell culture/analysis technology, new bio-material, artificial organ system, energy saving bio-reactor, environment purification microorganism, and animal test alternative model were surveyed as applications to industrial basic technologies from a long-term viewpoint. The approach to cell proliferation regulation requires preparation of a concrete proliferation regulation technology system of cells, and concrete application targets. 268 refs., 43 figs., 4 tabs.

Contamination-remedying technology based on biotechnology. ; Bioremediation. Biotechnology wo mochiita osen shufuku gijutsu. ; Bioremediation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishimura, M [The Japan Research Institute, Ltd., Osaka (Japan)

1993-08-01

Bioremediation technology is outlined. The bioremediation technology is a contamination-remedying technology for the injurious chemical matter discharged in the environment to be made innocuous by utilizing the decomposing ability of microorganisms. That technology is characterized by its energywise economical performance, secondary waste which is not producible and remedy which is possible on site against the contamination. As a treatment system, that technology comprises solid phase bioremediation (The contaminated soil is purified in a soil treatment unit.), slurry phase bioremediation (The contaminated soil is made slurry and decomposed by microorganisms.) and in-situ bioremediation (The treatment is made by injecting nutrients and microorganisms underground.). As for how to use the microorganisms, there are two methods: One in which living groups of microorganisms are activated and the other in which microorganisms are artificially cultivated. As contaminants in the US, listed are organic solvent, wood preservative, high-molecular aromatic halide, agricultural chemical, military waste, heavy metal waste and radioactive waste. 11 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Instrumentation technology to be used for sense alternative. Kankaku daiko wo mezasu keisoku gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tamiya, E. (Japan Advanced Institute of Science Technology, Hokuriku, Ishikawa (Japan))

1994-07-05

Recently, artificial taste sensors or smell sensors that simulate the biological recognition mechanism were developed. This paper describes a smell sensor using natural and artificial fats as the molecule recognizing material and the crystal oscillator or SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) device as the transducer. The paper also describes the results of the experiments made on the sensor. This sensor consists of 20 LB (Languivir-Blodgett) layers of several types of natural fats on the SAW device. Natural fats on the surface of the crystal oscillator were coated and the response to smelling substances was checked. The result indicates that the response is almost proportional to concentration, and that alcoholic smells can be recognized. To check receiving signal from the sensor system related to absorption and the absorption speed and converting it into higher order information, experiments were conducted to convert data into characters through the neutral network. Though there are still issues of practical use, it was verified that these techniques are effective. 9 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Fiscal 2000 report of investigation. Survey on technological trend concerning in si-tu remediation technology of contaminated soil; 2000 nendo osen dojo no gen'ichi joka gijutsu ni kakawaru gijutsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In connection with contamination of soil and ground water, a survey was made on domestic patent information and existing literature or the like, in view of remediation technologies capable of in si-tu or on-site treatment, with arrangement and classification carried out by the method of cleaning contaminants. Arranged and classified were 209 pieces in the patent information, and 145 pieces in the literature from Geo-Environmental Protection Center, an incorporated body. In the methods of extracting contaminants from under the ground, the majority was the methods of pumping up ground water and those of excavating and removing. In the methods of cleaning contaminants, those of 'separation by heat', 'separation/decomposition method using water' and 'suction of gases' are found roughly in equal numbers. In the trend of the patent information, remediation technologies have started in 1990's, while bio-remediation as well as technologies of separation/decomposition through water is still increasing in the number of applications. Meantime, solidification technologies reached a peak around 1998 and have been decreasing in recent years. In the technologies of late, combinations of plural cleaning methods are also seen for the purpose of dealing with contamination with high to low concentration and compound contamination including organo-chloric compounds, heavy metals, etc. (NEDO)

FY 2001 report on the results of the follow-up study of development of the highly effective waste power generation; 2001 nendo kokoritsu haikibutsu hatsuden gijutsu kaihatsu no follow up gijutsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-03-01

For the purpose of safe operation of the highly effective waste power generation pilot plant, confirmation of the performance of corrosion resistant super heater materials under the high temperature corrosion environment, collection of the data on environmental load characteristics in waste incineration, etc., the follow-up study was made. The results were as follows: The pilot plant was able to generate high temperature/high pressure vapor stably for approximately 13,500 hours in FY 2000 and FY 2001 and for approximately 27,800 hours in 4 years since the start of the demonstrative test. The planned performance of plant facilities was fully satisfied, and the performance of environmental load reduction was fully satisfied in standard values of soot/dust, SOx, NOx, hydrogen chloride and dioxins in exhaust gas. Concerning the super heater use developmental material, its durability of 5 years or more was confirmed. It was forecast that by using this, the heightening of temperature/pressure of boiler to 500 degrees C and 100 atmospheric pressure was achieved. Further, the useful information/knowledge on plant design were obtained such as the corrosion prevention technology for waste plant and the forecast of corrosion life of materials. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 New Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system - Research and development of photovoltaic system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology); 1998 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In relation with several types of standard photovoltaic power generation systems expected to be put to practical use, design parameters are quantified, databases are utilized, and simulation technologies are developed, while collecting data from test facilities constructed to simulate them, for the development of evaluation techniques indispensable for the efficient improvement of photovoltaic power generation systems. In fiscal 1998, data were collected from verification test facilities and residential photovoltaic systems sited across Japan. The collected data were subjected to analysis and simulation, by which correction factors were calculated for smudge, spectral response, incident radiation, and temperature. Furthermore, load matching factors and storage battery contribution rates were calculated by simulation for the stand-alone photovoltaic systems sited in five Japanese cities, each comprising an array, storage battery, charge/discharge controller, DC-DC converter, and a load. Reference is also made to a survey of trends of technology development. (NEDO)

Report on the FY 1998 results of the New Sunshine Project (B version). Development of coal liquefaction technology (Development of base technology of liquefaction (Project on internationalization of coal liquefaction technology)); 1998 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (B ban). Ekika kiban gijutsu no kaihatsu (sekitan ekika gijutsu no kokusaika jigyo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In 1994, a memorandum on the research cooperation was agreed between NEDO and BPPT (The Agency for the Assessment and Application Technology) in Indonesia, based on the request for the coal liquefaction technology cooperation from BPPT. It includes the following items: conference for professionals to be held, invitation and training of Indonesian engineers, activity for joint field survey and potential survey of location of coal liquefaction commercial plant. Further in 1997, the secondary memorandum was concluded for the potential survey for securing the hydrogen required for coal liquefaction by coal gasification. The survey was summarized as the potential survey for location of coal liquefaction. In the testing study for improving economical efficiency of liquefaction process, it was made clear that the higher the Fe content of Banko coal is, the higher the reaction of liquefaction is, and that Fe compounds in coal show catalysis. In the Soroako area in Sulawesi island, there are the nickel mine run by PT. Inco. Soroako limonite is promising as catalyst material for commercial-scale coal liquefaction. In the gasification method, the plant construction cost increases, but the production amount of coal-derived liquid can be increased. That is more profitable than the production of hydrogen from natural gas. (NEDO)

`Technology for Advanced Treatment of High Melting Point Metal-Based Material,` local research and development of important technology for fiscal 1997. Development of materials creation technology for high efficiency power generator components; 1997 nendo juyo chiiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu. `Koyuten kinzokukei buzai no kodo kako gijutsu` (kokoritsu hatsuden`yo buzai sosei gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Efforts are made for the creation of high melting point metal-base materials to replace the currently-used Ni-base superalloys for the turbine to withstand higher operating temperatures. The main efforts made in fiscal 1997 are outlined. As in fiscal 1996, Nb-base solution alloys, in which solution reinforcement elements such as Mo and W are alloyed, are manufactured by button arc melting and tested for mechanical properties and texture/characteristics. In the designing and evaluation for a strongest Nb-base composite material, Nb-base composite materials are manufactured by use of particle dispersion-strengthening attained by addition of intermetallic compounds or elements to contribute to the formation of oxides, carbides, or nitrides. Nb-base composite materials may also be manufactured by use of eutectic-strengthening attained by utilizing crystallization in the process of coagulation. The resultant Nb-base composite materials are evaluated for their dynamic characteristics at high temperatures. In the development and evaluation of technologies for creating Nb-base materials for high-temperature components, larger specimens as heavy as several kg are tested in line with small specimens for basic studies, and the results are utilized for alloy designing for high-temperature materials. 50 refs., 97 figs., 15 tabs.

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on the important regional technology research and development. Research and development of eco-tailored tribo-material creation process technology (Higher order composite structure material creation process); 2000 nendo juyo chiiki gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Eco tailored tribo material sosei process gijutsu (koji fukugo kozo material sosei process gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Efforts are made to develop novel tribo-material creation processes through the application of an inclined constitution/structure control, a nonstoichiometric constitution control, or the like, to the manufacture of materials having excellent tribological characteristics for the purpose of improving on the performance of tribology related parts. In fiscal 2000, activities are conducted in the four fields of (1) the experimental manufacture of tribo-materials by powder sintering and the review of the process, (2) the experimental manufacture of tribo-materials by melting and the review of the process, (3) the experimental manufacture of brake disk materials and the review of the process, and (4) the experimental manufacture of bearing materials and the review of the process. In field (1), the preparation of an Fe{sub 3}Al/FeAl intermetallic compound powder by mechanical alloying and gas atomization and the conditions of pressure sintering by HIP (hot isostatic press) or the like are established. Concerning the melting method, basic techniques are established and an experimentally built rotor is evaluated for braking characteristics. In field (3), efforts are made to develop Cu/Sb free brake linings that will match TiAl-made rotors and then an MgO/C system is discovered, which is found to be on the same level as the conventional materials. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the technology of accelerated formation of bio-functions (R and D of the technology of creation of novel advanced enzymes); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Kasokugata seibutsu kino kochiku gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (shingata kokino koso sosei gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D on creation technique of novel advanced enzymes. In fiscal 1997, a novel mutagenesis technique was developed to obtain more kinds of mutational genes by shuffling between clonal genes as compared with the previous homogeneous recombination. A genotype- and phenotype-linking technology was developed by expressing random motifs (peptide as components of the active site of protein) on bacteria, and by developing a single-motif protein library. Study was made on a selection system for functional molecules of catalytic activities in a gene level, and a selection system for function of signal transduction. Analysis and evaluation study on vitro experimental technology can be efficiently promoted by recognizing the fitness landscape of target protein molecules. As a result, instead of the conventional method which needs several cycles of mutation and screening of 3-4 week/cycle, an efficient method possible to obtain multiple mutants was established. Research work was also promoted by various organizations to develop an accelerated formation technology of bio-functions. 68 refs., 51 figs., 14 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 R and D project on industrial science and technology under a consignment from NEDO. R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (R and D of the formation of advanced materials for power generation environment); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Genshi bunshi kyokugen sosa gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (hatsuden kankyoyo kokino sozai keisei gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of the ultimate manipulation technology of atoms and molecules (atom technology). Ten nanoscale Ge islands were successfully formed in proper positions on an Si substrate surface by using mask technology of nanoscale atomic layers. Growth of less-defect ZnSe films on a GaAs(110) surface was possible under various conditions. The magnetic transfer mechanism of Mn oxide with huge reluctance was clarified. Through study on selective-area deposition of Si on plasma-oxidized ultrathin SiO2 mask layers patterned by direct electron-beam exposure and an idea of SiO2/SiNx bilayer mask, direct use of the ultrathin mask layer as insulating layer in device structure was achieved. The superior property as electron beam resist of methano- fullerene composed of fullerene C60 with side chains including oxygen was clarified. The initial oxidation process of an Si(100) surface was analyzed, and the observation result by SREM was theoretically explained. Development of a high-resolution spin polarization electron microscope was also mentioned. 48 refs., 145 figs., 20 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 result of the R and D project of industrial science and technology under consignment from NEDO. R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials (R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo (Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku). Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper describes R and D of creation technology of original advanced materials in the R and D project of industrial science and technology. Although new material technology is dependent on the needs of a future society, it should correspond to a global environment preservation society, information-oriented society and aging society as observed based on the present social trend, and new materials superior in hot strength, light weight, corrosion resistance, decomposability, photo-function, magnetism, conductivity, bio-copying and adaptability are demanded. This project is in promotion since fiscal 1996 to develop formation technology of high-performance advanced new materials by precise molecular control of structure and production process of organic polymers and molecular assemblies. The research started on 4 themes such as advanced stimulus-response material, precision catalytic polymerization, condensed system structure control and multi-dimensional polymer structure. The research on molecule harmonizing material was added in fiscal 1997. In fiscal 1997, the general committee discussed a progress situation and next year research plan, and surveyed an overseas technology trend. 1 fig.

WE-NET substask 3. Conceptual design of total system (Safety measures and evaluation techniques); 1998 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET). 3. Zentai system gainen sekkei anzen taisaku hyoka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Under the hydrogen-utilizing international clean energy system technology project WE-NET (World Energy NET Work) in fiscal 1998, researches and studies were conducted to clearly define safety designs and to improve on accident-and-safety analyses. In relation with system safety design, investigations continued into Japanese and foreign manuals and regulations about the handling of hydrogen and its peripherals, and safe design guidelines (draft) were compiled. Anomalies and accidents supposed to be typical of each of the systems concerned were investigated. As for accident-and-safety analyses, incorporation of a turbulence model was studied in relation to models representing the leak, evaporation, and diffusion of liquid hydrogen, and improvement was achieved when the scope of evaluation was enlarged concerning the hydrogen detonation model. The integration of the two models was discussed for the due evaluation of a series of processes of liquid hydrogen leak, evaporation, diffusion, and detonation. Calculation was performed for two assumed accidents, and the results were found to justify the integration of the two models. (NEDO)

Fiscal 2000 achievement report on development of high-efficiency high-reliability welding technology through improvement on welding techniques; 2000 nendo yosetsu gijutsu no kodoka ni yoru kokoritsu koshinraisei yosetsu gijutsu no kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-04-01

Efforts are made to develop a welding design support system capable of increasing reliability and enhancing welding efficiency. Activities are conducted in the six fields of (1) the development of welding process simulation models, (2) development of welded section structure simulation models, (3) development of simulation models for predicting welding caused deformation, (4) integration of the models, (5) analysis of the welding phenomenon, and (6) the elucidation of the defect generation mechanism. In field (1), efforts are made to develop an arc plasma model, a molten pool convective heat transportation model, and a welding process model. In the effort to develop an arc plasma model, studies are made about a stationary axisymmetric arc in its steady state and about a constitutive equation and computation algorithm for developing a model in which a tungsten electrode (cathode) and an arc plasma welding pool (anode) are integrated. Furthermore, the simulation outcomes are experimentally verified. Satisfactory models are obtained as far as qualitative properties are concerned. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1998 research report. R and D on super metal (Al system mesoscopic texture-controlled material); 1998 nendo seika hokokusho. Super metal no gijutsu kaihatsu (aluminium kei mesoscopic soshiki seigyo zairyo no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For development of Al materials with superior industrial characteristics (strength, corrosion resistance), this research has promoted development of large-size Al system materials with mesoscopic crystalline texture by high- strain accumulation control technology, and recovery and recrystallization control technology. In this fiscal year, (1) basic study on high-strain accumulation control technology, (2) study on a formation mechanism of ultra- fine crystal grains, and (3) development of a machining process were made. In (1), basic study on low-temperature rolling and study on rolling by rollers having different peripheral speeds were made. In (2), study on refining of recrystallized grains of 5000-base and 7000-base alloys was made. In (3), a low-temperature rolling equipment, and a ultra-rapid heating device were introduced. For the whole R and D project on super metal, the main research facilities such as a low-temperature rolling body for high- strain accumulation and a high-strain accumulative structure formation equipment (melt rolling equipment) for uniform nucleus formation in recrystallization were introduced to gain a firm foothold for the future application research. (NEDO)

Research and development of basic technologies for the next generation industries, 'recombinant DNA utilizing technology'. Evaluation on the research and development; Jisedai sangyo kiban gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu 'kumikae DNA riyo gijutsu'. Kenkyu kaihatsu hyoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1991-03-01

Research, development and evaluation were performed with an objective of establishing the basic technology related to the recombinant DNA utilizing technology to create new microorganisms for processes in the chemical industry. The major achievements of the present research and development include establishment of the P450 gene manifestation system attributed from microsomes and mitochondria, and the success of the world's first simultaneous manifestation of P450 and reduction enzyme. Furthermore, the fused enzyme combining P450 and the reduction enzyme genetically was successfully manufactured ahead of the other countries, opening the way to industrializing the recombinant enzymes for use in bio-processes in the chemical industry. In creating a high-efficiency secretion recombinant bacillus subtilis stock, a bacillus subtilis host whose protease activity has been noticeably decreased was created. As an achievement of the research on the 'basic recombinant DNA technology', high-efficiency manifestation vector of medium level thermophile was created, and its usefulness was demonstrated. In addition, a host and vector system for high level thermophile was developed for the first time in the world. These achievements have opened the way to industrial utilization of the thermophilic bacteria. (NEDO)

Technological development report for fiscal 1993 on the woodwaste thermolysis/gasification technology and generated gas utilization technology; 1993 nendo mokushitsukei haikibutsu no netsubunkai gas ka gijutsu to seisei gas no riyo gijutsu kaihatsu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1994-03-01

The project is a joint effort of Japan and the Philippines to develop a thermolysis/gasification system, in which woodwaste now remaining unexploited in the Philippines is subjected to thermolysis/gasification and the resulting gas is used in a gas engine for the generation of electric power, in a 5-year period beginning in fiscal 1990. In this fiscal year, element technology verification tests are conducted, components of a demonstration plant are manufactured, and procurement is made as required, which completes all the tasks allotted to this fiscal year. All the constituents of the said demonstration plant fabricated or procured since fiscal 1991 are packed up and forwarded to Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI) of the Philippines, and engineering guidance is extended and test operations are carried out at the site of plant installation. In line with the said endeavors, on-site investigations are performed and researches are conducted together with ITDI scientists concerning the construction work and element technology confirmation. On the other hand, the Philippine side performs the second phase of civil engineering and construction carried over from the first phase. The demonstration plant is completed, adjustment and test operations are carried out, which means that the project is in progress as initially scheduled. (NEDO)

FY 1998 achievement report on the photon measuring/processing technology (R and D of the photon measuring/processing technology); 1998 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Foton keisoku kako gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In this project, the survey/arrangement were made of the trend of the recent technology such as photon (laser) measuring/processing/generation and a possibility of adopting the photon technology to the field except measuring/processing, to clarify technical subjects for establishing/commercializing the photon technology. Also for the purpose of reducing the energy cost by improving the performance of laser processing device, prolonging the life and reducing the operational cost, the development of the following were carried out: (1) high efficiency laser processing device. (2) high conversion efficiency laser diode. In (1), a laser generating device with Yb:YAG crystal as oscillating medium was trially manufactured, and the power of 35W and optical-optical conversion efficiency of 7.1% were obtained. A comparison was also made between Yb:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser, and made it clear that as the industrial use high power laser, Nd:YAG laser has the advantage over the other. In (2), the development was made of technology for simultaneous uniform growth of more than one LD crystal wafers with high conversion efficiency and technology for evaluation. Namely, the high uniformity crystal wafer with variations among wafers of {+-}4% was obtained using the introduced high efficiency crystal growth device and high efficiency thin film evaluation device. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on the research and development of genome informatics technology. Development of energy use rationalization technologies; 1998 nendo genome informatics gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Energy shiyo gorika gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

In the field of the analysis of gene expression frequency information, a novel glass coating method and a highly sensitive high-speed reading device are developed. Element technologies are studied for the development of a detection system capable of high-density high-speed reading of high-density DNA capillary array, with a long-chain DNA probe solidified therein. In the technology of transcription control information analysis, concerning the technology of transcription dynamics analysis using tagged transcription control factors, the construction of a model system protocol is studied, an automatic analysis system is developed, and an evaluation technology is also developed. Furthermore, a novel method is proposed, in which two specimens will be prepared, that is, a microbead coupled DNA specimen consisting of base sequences of all combinations of a certain chain length and a cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) derived protein specimen, and DNA-protein complexes will be isolated for analysis bead by bead out of a liquid which is a mixture of the said two specimens. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report. Research on photonic measurement and processing technology (Development of advanced maintenance technology for power plant facilities); 1999 nendo foton keisoku kako gijutsu seika hokokusho. Hatsuden shisetsuyo kokino maintenance gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 research result on R and D of measurement technology, laser welding and surface treatment technology, and generation technology of photon beam, for improvement of the quality and maintenance efficiency for power plant facilities. In the study on fabrication of functional micro-composite circuits, the equipment for forming circuits on substrates by carrying particles with gas was developed whose geometric standard deviation is 1.17 for 26nm particles. In the study on gas concentration measurement technology, development of the variable-wavelength laser beam source for measurement, fabrication of thin films by epitaxial growth equipment, and computer simulation of sensitivities for quantum IR photo- detectors were promoted. In the study on photon wavefront compensation device technology, the technology for fabricating such device with (411)A surface orientations and asymmetric quantum well structures was developed. In the study on high-sensitivity detection technology using short- wavelength photon, to develop a high-energy resolution fluorescent X-ray detector, favorable electric properties of superconducting X-ray detecting devices were confirmed at nearly 0.1K. (NEDO)

High performance milling techniques on molding dies. Development of new roughing techniques for large molding die; Plastic kanagata seisaku ni okeru kokoritsu kako gijutsu. Ogata plastic yo kanagata no keijo arakako gijutsu no kochiku

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otsuka, H; Kohama, S; Yamakawa, M [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan); Egusa, H [Mazda Tooling and Engineering Co. Inc., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

It needs long time to carve a molding die of bumper, which has a large and deep cavity. To shorten the milling time, we must make the machining more performable and accurate, and develop the new technology of CAM. In the milling sequence, Primary Roughing, which cut out 90% of the stock, should be more and more performable. So we established Tilt-Plunging and Curve-Fit Spiral Cutting techniques. These techniques will reduce lateral force to the tool, and make remains more small. With the techniques, we reduced both machining and NCdata preparing time to one half. 1 ref., 14 figs.

Fiscal 2000 report of investigation. Survey on technological trend concerning in si-tu remediation technology of contaminated soil; 2000 nendo osen dojo no gen'ichi joka gijutsu ni kakawaru gijutsu doko chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

In connection with contamination of soil and ground water, a survey was made on domestic patent information and existing literature or the like, in view of remediation technologies capable of in si-tu or on-site treatment, with arrangement and classification carried out by the method of cleaning contaminants. Arranged and classified were 209 pieces in the patent information, and 145 pieces in the literature from Geo-Environmental Protection Center, an incorporated body. In the methods of extracting contaminants from under the ground, the majority was the methods of pumping up ground water and those of excavating and removing. In the methods of cleaning contaminants, those of 'separation by heat', 'separation/decomposition method using water' and 'suction of gases' are found roughly in equal numbers. In the trend of the patent information, remediation technologies have started in 1990's, while bio-remediation as well as technologies of separation/decomposition through water is still increasing in the number of applications. Meantime, solidification technologies reached a peak around 1998 and have been decreasing in recent years. In the technologies of late, combinations of plural cleaning methods are also seen for the purpose of dealing with contamination with high to low concentration and compound contamination including organo-chloric compounds, heavy metals, etc. (NEDO)

Overview of FY1997 human media technology R and D; 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seido Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku jigyo. Human media no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This paper reports a summary of results in fiscal 1997 of research and development of human media technology. Fiscal 1997 launched design and trial fabrication of the following items: interface to improve efficiency and safety of plant operators, accommodation of multimedia contents to aid Kansei design, city development design aiding technologies using contents retrieval and presentation technologies and virtual reality, and empirical evaluation technologies for safety, comfort and convenience. Specific study assignments were extracted on a virtual media technology, a Kansei media technology and a knowledge media technology being three elementary technologies for human media to make clear the research and development approaches to be taken in the coming fiscal years. In addition, a human media technology committee, a research and development working group, and an investigation working group were established. Also launched were investigations on research trends in the human media technology, and investigative researches on contacts of information needs in industries with human media. 59 refs., 114 figs., 24 tabs.

Rising economy of China and its effects on the industrial technology of Japan and other Asian countries. Chugoku no hatten to henbosuru Asia no sangyo gijutsu chizu (henkaku wo semarareru seisan gijutsu taikoku Nippon)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Otani, H [JGC Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1994-03-05

Due to the rapid economy growth and industry development in China, the map of industry and economy in Asian countries has been greatly changing. The technology, which has supported Japan's industrial development, is characterized by the improvements of original technologies introduced from Europe and the United States. On the other hand, Korea has problems of creating the original and individual production technology and its basis. The industrial technology in China at present has problems which are accompanied with the conversion from the planned economy system to the market economy system. However, Chinese people having a tradition of 'link of three parts' seem to understand the Japanese style management policy well. Japan has played a role as 'world's center of manufacturing' by using its excellent production technology. In the future, China is considered to play a role as the 'world's center of manufacturing,' due to its huge domestic market, cheap and rich manpower, and excellent potential capacity of industrial technology. In Japan, it is emphasized that an industrial society system should be reconstructed, in which excellent individuality and talent can be made good use of. 6 refs., 1 fig.

Hydrogen storage alloy for battery, manufacturing method and nickel-hydorogen secondary battery; Denchiyo suiso kyuzo gokin, sono seizo hoho oyobi nikkerusuiso niji denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inaba, T.; Sawa, T.; Inada, S.; Kawashima, F.; Sato, N.; Sakamoto, T.; Okamura, M.; Arai, T.; Hasimoto, K.

1997-04-08

The invention relates to a hydrogen storage alloy for a battery which has a high electrode capacity, and particularly can realize a long battery life. The hydrogen storage alloy of the LaNi5 type with the general formula: ABx is used in the invention. Here, A comprises La, Ce, Pr and Nd, and La and Nd in A account for 70 to 90 wt % and less than 5 wt %, respectively; B is at least one of the elements selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Mn, Cu, Al, Ga, Si, Ge, Bi, Sn, In, P, V, Nb, Ta, Mo and W; x shows the atomic ratio in the range, 4.5{<=}x{<=}5.6. Since rare earth elements constituting the alloy, and types and compositions of the elements substituting Ni are properly determined, the hydrogen storage alloy for a battery with excellent hydrogen storage characteristics and corrosion resistance is obtained. When the alloy is used as an anode material, the battery capacity is expanded, the alloy pulverization and deterioration are prevented. 3 figs., 1 tab.

Sony Co., Ltd.: An outlook is made for merchandising of the manganese acid lithium ion battery; Mangansan richiumuion denchi no shohinka ni medo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-12-31

Sony Co., Ltd. sells the manganese acid lithium ion battery that a battery is 1 by 2 as to the next generation lithium ion during 99 years. It is characteristics that a price is restrained because manganese is used for the proper pole material instead of cobalt of the rare metal. It becomes mass production by Koriyama factory where a lithium ion battery is being manufactured improving an existent production line. It is seen when some percents of manufacture cost goes down more than cobalt acid battery of news file before. A manganese acid lithium ion battery uses manganese acid lithium for the proper pole of the battery. The efficiency of the charge of the usual lithium ion battery is good, and composition is easy, and uses cobalt acid lithium, which is easy to produce. One side where a material fee is cheap, the stability at the high temperature of manganese acid is low, and composition is difficult. Only NEC Moli Energy corporation who is the subsidiary company of NEC succeeds in the mass production. NEC Moli Energy corporation is extending market share by the price competition power. It seems to have the possibility that manganese acid becomes the main force with a battery by two by new entering of Sony Co., Ltd. of the lithium ion battery extreme big enterprises. (translated by NEDO)

Fiscal 1974 Sunshine Project result report. Research on solar energy utilization systems (solar furnace); 1974 nendo taiyo energy riyo system chosa kenkyu. Taiyoro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1975-03-01

In fiscal 1974, analysis was made on the concept design of solar furnace hardware, and utilization and use purpose of solar furnaces as high-temperature industrial heat source. Detailed survey was also made on the history of high- temperature solar furnaces. Based on the history of large- scale solar furnaces and the current state of some industries consuming a large amount of thermal energy, wide consideration was made on the applicability of large-scale solar furnaces as heat source in the future. Although various applications of large-scale solar furnaces are expected in the future, their current main applications are production of high-melting point materials, research on high-temperature physical properties, production of silicon, and solar heat power generation. A solar furnace is mainly composed of a parabolic reflector and heliostat plane reflector as optical system. It is necessary for practical industrial use of solar furnaces to study on furnace core design, profitability, installation site, temperature control, and reflector maintenance enough. (NEDO)

Development of a high temperature solar receiver for high-efficient thermionic conversion systems; Fukugo netsuden henkan system yo chokoon taiyo junetsuki no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Umeoka, T; Naito, H; Yugami, H; Arashi, H [Tohoku University, Sendai (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1996-10-27

For thermionic conversion systems (TIC) using concentrated sunlight as heat source, the newly developed solar receiver was tested. Concentrated sunlight aims at the inner surface of the cavity type solar receiver. The emitter of TIC installed in the rear of the solar receiver is uniformly heated over 1700K by thermal radiation from the rear of the solar receiver, emitting thermion. Electric power is generated by collecting the thermion by collector. Mo is used as emitter material, however, because of poor heat absorption of Mo, high-absorptive TiC is used for heat absorption surface to heat Mo by thermal conduction from high-temperature TiC. Functionally gradient material (FGM) with an intermediate layer of gradient TiC/Mo ratios between TiC and Mo is used as emitter material. The emitter is thus uniformly heated at high temperatures of 1723{plus_minus}12K. As a result, the developed solar receiver is applicable to heat the emitter of TIC. Heat flux measurement at the graphite cavity clarified that cavity temperature of as high as 1780K and heat flow of 50W/cm{sup 2} are obtained at 4.7kW in input. 6 figs.

Fiscal 1999 research and development of technologies for practical application of photovoltaic power generation systems. Research and development of photovoltaic power generation system evaluation technology (Research and development of system evaluation technology); 1999 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu. Taiyoko hatsuden system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (system hyoka gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Research and development is conducted for the acquisition of a system evaluation technique for predicting the performance of standard photovoltaic power systems and evaluation technologies applicable to residential photovoltaic power systems different from each other in terms of tilt and direction, district, solar cell type, etc. In fiscal 1999, using data collected from the Hamamatsu field test facilities and residential photovoltaic power systems installed across Japan, various design parameters, such as the irregularity compensation coefficient, temperature compensation coefficient, and the incidence compensation coefficient were determined, and, using the parameters as the secondary estimation values, design parameters were updated. In the development of simulation technologies, basic studies were made about the shadow compensation coefficient, spectral response fluctuation compensation coefficient, and the composition of polyhedral arrays. Moreover, studies were made about the estimation of large area insolation, based on the horizontal surface insolation data collected at 21 sites of residential photovoltaic power systems in the Kanto district. (NEDO)

Report on the FY 1999 survey on long-term energy technology strategy/basic survey for working out industrial technology strategy. Technology strategy by field (formed raw material field); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijutsu senryaku (sokeizai bun'ya))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the survey of the formed raw material field in relation to the FY 1999 long-term energy technology strategy. In the advancing international specialization, efforts are being made for the secure basic base technology force and cost reduction required for competition, and at the same time the aim is not to retain/improve all the formed raw material technologies, but to discriminate the materials in the aspects except the cost. By promoting the reformation into the proposed type industry, it is necessary to work out the bold strategy including the review of the system/structure for promoting the strategic technology innovation by aiming at the important formed raw material technology which can be a life line for the assembly industry, in particular. Concretely, the comprehensive technology system which concentrated a variety of engineering knowledge/information was constructed. The system is shifted to the one that adopted information/communication technology. The conversion in the early time to the proposed type industry is attempted. Japan acquires capability for heightening the level of technology, by which Japan will continue leading the formed raw material technology to the world's top level. Japan realizes the network consisting of the industry, university and government. The environment is realized where new personnel will naturally enter the formed raw material industry and bottom up the total technology force. (NEDO)

Emerging technologies for demand side management. Demand side management jitsugen no tame no saishin gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, H; Iyoda, I [Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-11-05

This paper explains the latest situation in hardware technologies to realize the demand side management, divided into the following technologies: communications technology, measurement technology, client information system technology, load controlling technology, home automation technology, and energy storing and saving technologies. Speaking of the communications technology, information exchange between the supply side and the demand side is important in the demand side management, whereas a technology intended of automatic power distribution and automatic meter-reading is advancing in development. The technology covers transmissions using from power lines and telephone lines to optical cables and wireless communications. Power line communications using power transmission lines as communication lines are simple and economical, but weak against noise, and not suitable for long-distance communications. Wireless communications have been drawing attentions along with the development of mobile communication device technologies. These technologies will give benefits to electric power companies in the initial stage of their use, such as for load investigation and general automation in power distribution. They would shift to benefiting users in about 2010 covering from security information such as about power interruption to publicity information and educations. 8 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Survey of technological trends in functional membrane materials; Kinosei makuzai ni kansuru gijutsu doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1979-03-01

Materials for membranes with novel functions are surveyed. The survey is focused on 10 subjects, which are high-performance RO (reverse osmosis)/UF (ultrafiltration) membranes; development of an energy-efficient secondary treatment system for urban wastewater using pollution-free membranes; high-performance ion exchange membranes; artificial lung membranes; hydrogen separation membranes (hydrogen as energy); development of an energy-efficient combustion system using gas separation membranes (oxygen-enriched membranes); organic matter separation membranes; enzyme-aided chemical reaction membranes and their application; development of a distilling ship; and functional membranes making use of photosynthesis. Discussed in this connection are the outlines of the technologies, the need of their development, methods and contents of the development efforts, and the effects and impacts of their development. The survey further concerns the particulars of the trends in novel technologies about functional membrane materials development, covering gas separation and liquid separation technologies; chemical reaction membranes; and enzyme-aided chemical reaction membranes and their application systems. As for their application, the survey covers the field of application of desalinated or ultrapure water; field of application of food fermentation technologies; industrial wastewater, valuable materials recovery, and urban wastewater treatment; and application to medical systems. (NEDO)

Rear impact whiplash neck injury reduction technology; Jidosha komen shototsu ni okeru muchiuchisho teigen gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, Y.; Ichikawa, H.; Kayama, O. [Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-11-01

Even though whiplash neck injuries suffered in low-speed rear impacts are one of the major concern in traffic accidents, the mechanism of the injuries is not fully understood at present. Hence, the countermeasures have not been clear, yet. The bio-mechanical research was done to understand the injuries and three different modes of occupant's motion related to the mechanism were found. Based on this research, Nissan Active Head Restraint has been developed to reduce whiplash neck injuries in low-speed rear impacts. (author)

Plant growth regulation by the light of LEDs; LED ko wo tsukatta shokubutsu saibai gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Watanabe, H. [Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Tokyo (Japan). Yokohama Research Center

1996-03-01

Light Emitting Diode (LED) has not only an excellent display function for the luminescent device but also a superior feature without other lamps as light source for plant growth. It was National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to find out such merit for this light source for plant growth and try at first to use for plant growth at the space. They began to examine the LED application to the light source for the plant growth at the space since a stage at high cost of the LED, to develop some researches centered at cultivation of lettuce, wheat, and others. Finding out future possibility of cost-down of the LEDs on the cost/performance and large merits of the LEDs for control of the plant growth and plant physiology, authors have conducted some cultivation experiments of the plants using the LEDs for light source some years ago. In this papers, characterizations, actual possibility, and future developments of the LEDs for the light sources of the plant growth, are introduced. 5 refs., 4 figs.

Alternative disinfection technology for water purification systems; Josui shori ni okeru enso daitai shodoku gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aizawa, T. [The Institute of Public Health, Tokyo (Japan)

1998-09-10

This paper describes chlorination substituting disinfection technologies used in water purification systems. Chloramine treatment is regarded as effective in reducing trihalomethane (THM). Chlorine is injected in the initial stage in the form of free chlorine to disinfect pathogenic microorganisms in a short time, which is then added with ammonia to convert it into chloramine for further utilization. Chlorine dioxide has not been used in Japan, but introduced in Europe and America to treat THM. Ozone has the strongest oxidizing power, and is used for disinfection, virus inactivation, decomposition of THM precursors, and removal of fungus odor. The ozone treatment will produce aldehyde if an organic matter is present, but aldehyde can be removed by treatment using organismic activated carbon. Ultraviolet ray treatment has an advantage of being difficult of producing byproducts. This system was experimentally compared with free chlorine treatment on disinfection effect, mutagenicity, suppression of producing THM byproducts, and odor removal. In order to assure reliability of microorganismic and chemical safety in tap water supply systems, assurance by considering the entire system is important, not only by operating the disinfection units, but also combining such physical water purifying technologies as coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and membrane treatment. The use of chlorine substituting disinfectants is also a part of the conception. 6 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.

Development of automatic high-concentration boron measurement technique; Konodo hoso jido sokutei gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maeda, T.; Honda, S.; Ito, A. [Kyushu Electric Power Co. Inc., Fukuoka (Japan)

1997-03-01

The technology that can automatically measure the boron concentration in boric acid water was developed. A high-concentration boric acid solution must be held at a high temperature to prevent the deposition. Skill and precision ({plus_minus}0.2 to 0.3% for 10 to 2500 ppm as boron concentration, and {plus_minus}2 to 3% for 2500 to 25,000 ppm) are required to analyze the boric acid solution manually. In theory, the boron concentration in a wide range can be measured, and boron has a constant-temperature function. A density hydrometer method that facilitates the treatment and calibration in high precision and at low cost was chosen. The vibration period generated when vibration is given to the solution specimen put in a U-tube is higher as the density is lower. On the basis of this theory, the density of a specimen can be obtained according to the relation with the same data of the known-concentration boric acid water. The high-concentration boric acid water that cannot be measured by the existing boron densitometer can be measured directly. It can also be measured in a low-concentration area. The technique can be used in a laboratory as the simplified method that is replaced by the current manual analysis. The reduction effect of analytical chemical`s waste liquid can also be expected. In the electric power industry, automated equipment is required for high efficiency and labor saving. 13 figs., 3 tabs.

6th Conference on Coal Utilization Technology; Dai 6 kai sekitan riyo gijutsu kaigi koenshu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-09-01

The paper compiled the papers presented in the 6th Conference on Coal Utilization Technology held in September 1996. With relation to the fluidized bed boiler, reported were Field operation test of Wakamatsu PFBC combined cycle power plant and Development of pressurized internally circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. Regarding the coal reformation, Development of advanced coal cleaning process, Coal preparation and coal cleaning in the dry process, etc. Concerning the combustion technology, Study of the O2/CO2 combustion technology, Development of pressurized coal partial combustor, etc. About the CWM, Development of low rank coals upgrading and their CWM producing technology, Technique of CWM distribution system, etc. Relating to the coal ash, Engineering characteristics of the improved soil by deep mixing method using coal ash, Employment of fluidized bed ash as a basecourse material, On-site verification trials using fly ash for reclamation behind bulkheads, Water permeabilities of pulverized fuel ash, Separation of unburned carbon from coal fly ash through froth flotation, Practical use technology of coal ash (POZ-O-TEC), etc

Techniques for cost-effective electric information sharing; Cost balance wo koryoshita denshi joho kyoyuka gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shinohara, Y. [Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)

1997-04-01

The key technology that can effectively support the sharing of each information such as documents, data, and know-how was rearranged to clarify how to utilize it for constructing an electronic information sharing system. The key technology that supports the sharing of electronic information was rearranged from the viewpoint of information gathering, information rearrangement, and information utilization. The reduction in cost for information gathering and rearrangement is indispensable to the promotion of much information sharing. However, each automation method presently causes the deterioration in quality of the rearranged information and the increase in cost for information utilization. To realize a practical electronic information sharing system, it is important to combine the key technologies properly so that the total cost balance of information gathering and information utilization is improved. Therefore, the combination of character recognition by OCR and unpreciseness retrieval, and the complementary combination of automatic document sorting, based on multiple incomplete rearrangement systems, and multiple sorting menus were proposed. 23 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Development of magnesium semi-solid injection molding; Magnesium han`yoyu shashutsu seikei gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakamoto, K; Sakate, N; Ishida, K; Yamamoto, Y; Nishimura, K [Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan)

1997-10-01

Magnesium semi-solid injection molding is safety and clean process. We have investigated influence of molding conditions on mechanical properties and dimension accuracy of products by semi-solid injection molding. As a result it was proved that the accuracy of products by this process is superior to die casting. This advantage as well as better mechanical properties can be utilized for net shape molding of some automobile parts. 4 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.

Leading research on artificial techniques controlling cellular function; Saibo zoshoku seigyo gijutsu no sendo kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

Advanced research and its applicability were surveyed to apply the advanced functional cells to industry. The basic target was set to develop, produce, control and utilize the functional cells, such as intelligent materials and self-regulation bioreactors. The regulation factors regarding apotosis, which is a process of cell suicide programmed within the cell itself of multicellular organisms, cell cycle and aging/ageless were investigated. Furthermore, the function of regulatory factors was investigated at the protein level. Injection of factors regulating cellular function and tissue engineering required for the regulation of cell proliferation were investigated. Tissue engineering is considered to be the intracellular regulation by gene transduction and the extracellular regulation by culture methods, such as coculture. Analysis methods for cell proliferation and function of living cells were investigated using the probes recognizing molecular structure. Novel biomaterials, artificial organ systems, cellular therapy and useful materials were investigated for utilizing the regulation techniques of cell proliferation. 425 refs., 85 figs., 9 tabs.

Modern techniques in prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges. Puresutoresuto concrete shachokyo ni okeru atarashii gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyamoto, A. (Kobe Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering)

1994-03-31

Because the prestressed concrete (PC) cable-stayed bridges combine the distinctive features such as a rationality of the structure or a structural beauty, it will not stay on a development of the technologies to make them longer and larger, and a rationalization of the execution, an investigation from various aspects such as the scenery design, material selection, pursuit of new structure and so forth will become necessary. In a main meeting, 15 volumes of paper on the most advanced technologies of PC cable-stayed bridges were presented. The presentations from Japan were 11 volumes, and occupied about 70%, and therefore a high interest to the PC cable-stayed bridges in Japan was inferred. In the presentation from Japan, there were many relevancies of the important study themes which would become a foundation for a development of PC cable-stayed bridges in the future, like ones that an improvement effect of dynamic behavior such as the aseismatic property, wind endurance and so forth was made as an objective, ones that a safety evaluation at an ultimate state as the oblique member anchoring part, main tower or entire structure was related, ones that a construction of the various control systems when the cable-stayed bridges were executed was concerned and so forth. 23 figs., 1 tab.

Gas removal technique to maintain global environment. Chikyu kankyo hozen no tame no bojo gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamada, K [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1992-10-12

This paper describes the removal technique of gases such as CO2, SO2 and NOx which have the deep relation to the maintenance of global environment. This paper describes partially r SO2 and NOx which are the primary cause of acid rain. As for the removal of CO2 generated from fixed sources (thermal power stations and others), the separation technique and isolation-fixation technique have been researched on and developed. Of the separation method, the effect of the chemical absorption method and the adsorption method is proved with the preceding experiments. The isolation method is differently researched on as to store under deep sea or ground but may be urgent and temporary. The fixation of CO2 is a serious global problem which relates to the afforestation and forests. The fixation which uses coral reefs in ocean as the absorption source has a potential. As for the processing of substances causing acid rain, the desulfurization from petroleum and the flue gas desulfurization have the excellent results. The improvement of combustion method or the flue gas denitrification at the fixed sources are used to remove NOx. The removal of NOx from all diesel cars is difficult compared with the exhaust gas cleaning of gasoline cars and is not commercialized. 11 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

Achievement report on development of global warming prevention related technologies in fiscal 1998. Development of HFC-23 destruction technology; 1998 nendo chikyu ondanka boshi kanren gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. HFC-23 hakai gijutsu no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-01-01

HFC-23 is produced as a by-product during HCFC-22 manufacturing (produced at by-production rate of about 2%, whereas the reaction control has limitation in reducing the production). This is one of the substances subjected to the greenhouse effect gas reduction in the climate change framework treaty. This paper describes the achievements in 1998 on developing the HFC-23 destruction technology. High-temperature pyrolysis decomposes the substance into HF and CO2, which are given absorption treatment by water and alkali to make them harmless, and are recovered finally as calcium fluoride. An equipment having the treatment capability of 195 kg/h was constructed. Design was made on a facility capable of treating fluorine containing waste water at 3 t/h at maximum. Utilities consumed in a factory (industrial water, acids for neutralization, and alkali) are used effectively to identify the effect of reducing the treatment cost. Discussions were given from the safety aspect on facilities to prevent leakage of fluorine containing waste water being a harmful substance. Fabrication was executed on a full-size treatment testing equipment that can utilize the utilities in the factory effectively, and trial equipment operation was performed to arrange the system prepared toward the future tests and researches. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 survey report. `Ultra high electronic technology development promotion project` under consignment from NEDO; 1996 nendo kenkyu seika hokokusho. Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku jigyo `chosentan denshi gijutsu kaihatsu sokushin jigyo`

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-05-01

For the purpose of establishing ultra high technology of a next next generation level which is a basic technology in the electronic information field, a key to the realization of the high grade information society and a common technology base giving marked influences to the wide range industrial field, the R and D was started of ultra fine processing process technology, technologies on limit measuring/analysis/control and new functional electronic materials. Themes of the R and D are electronic beam direct picture drawing system technology, ultra short wavelength electromagnetic radiation patterning/system technology, ultra fine sensitizing technology to draw pictures on metal and crystal surfaces using ultra short wavelength laser beams, shading system technology of shading mask to be used to the process of drawing ultra high accuracy and complicated figures, ultra high tech plasma reactive measuring/analysis/control technologies which become the base of ultra thin films and ultra fine etching using plasma, ultra high tech cleaning base technology, ultra high sensitivity medium technology, new functional element/film formation technology, etc. 137 refs., 358 figs., 38 tabs.

Worldwide clean energy system technology using hydrogen (WE-NET). subtask 9. Investigation of innovative and leading technologies; Suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET). subtask 9. Kakushinteki sendoteki gijutsu ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The WE-NET Project is a long-term project designed to ensure that an energy network technology using hydrogen becomes a reality not later than 2020. So the project cannot remain effective unless constant efforts are made to foresee future trends of technology and optimize it as the making of entire system for the project. In this project, new technologies which are not up for development are also investigated. Their feasibility should be studied, if necessary. From the foregoing point of view, new technologies are studied, collected and evaluated. Thus, useful suggestions and proposals may be made as to the course for the project to follow, as well as its research and development. Proposals highly evaluated up to FY 1995 are the hydrogen-oxygen internal-combustion Stirling`s engine, hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolysis, magnetic refrigeration technology for liquefaction of hydrogen, solar thermal hydrogen production with iron sponge technology, and hydrogen producing technology with photocatalyst. Conceptual investigation themes in FY 1996 are the hydrogen internal-combustion Stirling engine, solar thermal hydrogen production, phototransformation process, and high-temperature steam electrolysis. 9 figs., 54 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 survey report. `Ultra high electronic technology development promotion project` under consignment from NEDO; 1997 nendo kenkyu seika hokokusho. Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku jigyo `Chosentan denshi gijutsu kaihatsu sokushin jigyo`

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-05-01

For the purpose of establishing ultra high technology of a next next generation level, the R and D was conducted of ultra fine processing process technology, technologies on limit measuring/analysis/control and new functional electronic materials. Themes of the R and D are electronic beam direct picture drawing system technology, ultra short wavelength electromagnetic radiation patterning/system technology, ultra fine sensitizing technology, ultra high accuracy shading system technology, ultra high tech plasma reactive measuring/analysis/control technology, ultra high tech cleaning basic technology, ultra high sensitivity medium technology, new functional element/film formation technology, etc. This R and D is a greatly influential basic research in the whole industrial field, and therefore, it is necessary that researchers standing foremost in each field of industry/university/government join the project and that various R and D infrastructures are made the most of. For this, the concentrated joint research method and the dispersed joint research method are combined, and the R and D is being conduced by equal partnership of each researcher. 421 refs., 823 figs., 91 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of technologies to invent original high-functional materials (technical development of materials to heighten efficiency of power generation facilities); 1997 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu (hatsuden shisetsuyo koseinoka zairyo gijutsu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The paper described the fiscal 1997 results of the study of the condensation base precise structure control conducted as a technical development of materials to heighten efficiency of power generation facilities. Condensation base polymer is an important material which occupies most of the engineering plastics. The study is aimed at developing basic technologies on the molecular weight and regularity by which a remarkable improvement can be expected in performance of condensation polymerization/ring-opening polymerization polymer materials, polymerization catalyst which arbitarily controls the primary structure such as branch and end group structures, and development of the precision polymerization process. In the synthesis of ordered polymer by direct polycondensation, synthesis of ordered polyamide from asymmetric monomers is studied. In the synthesis of chemically selective polyamide by direct polymerization, polyamide with functional group is synthesized by polymerizing without protecting functional group the monomer with such functional group as causes side reaction in polymerization. In the synthesis of polyamide having the limited distribution of molecular weight, the molecular weight/distribution of polyamide are controlled by connectedly conducting polycondensation which is itself to be done successively. 91 refs., 72 figs., 43 tabs.

Hydrogen storage alloy electrode and the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery using the electrode; Suiso kyuzo gokin denkyoku to sorewo mochiita nikkeru/suiso niji denchi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, T. [Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Furukawa, J. [The Furukawa Battery Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan)

1997-02-14

With respect to the conventional nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, pulverization of the hydrogen storage alloy due to repetition of charging-discharging cycles can be prevented by using a fluorocarbon resin as a binder in manufacture of the hydrogen storage alloy electrode; however, the inner pressure increase of the battery in case of overcharging can not be fully controlled. The invention relates to control of the inner pressure increase of the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery in case of overcharging. As to the hydrogen storage alloy electrode, the compound comprising the hydrogen storage alloy powder as a main ingredient is supported by a current collector; further, the compound particularly comprises a fluororubber as a binder. The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery equipped with the hydrogen storage alloy electrode can control the inner pressure increase of the battery in case of overcharging, and lessen decrease of the battery capacity due to repetition of charging-discharging cycles over long time. The effects are dependent on the use of the fluororubber as a binder which has good flexibility, and strong binding capacity as well as water repellency. 1 tab.

Achievement report (edition B) for fiscal 1999 on development of technology to manufacture coal gas for fuel cells. Studies by using pilot test facilities (Volumes for equipment fabrication and constructions, and trial run design); 1999 nendo seika hokokusho (B ban). Nenryo denchi you sekitan gas seizo gijutsu kaihatsu - Pilot setsubi ni yoru kenkyu (kisokoji kiki seisaku hen shiunten sekkei hen)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With an objective to develop a coal gas manufacturing system for fuel cells, research and development has been performed on a oxygen-blown coal gasifier and researches on a technology to purify gases for fuel cells. This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. The current fiscal year has performed, among other the pilot plant construction works, execution of the above-the-ground constructions for the operation center and compressor room building, construction of the cooling water tanks, and partial improvement of roads in the plant site. In the gasifier facilities, items of equipment were fabricated, some of the outsourced articles were procured, and the installations thereof were carried out. For the gas purifying equipment, installation of the gas analyzer room was executed. In the trial run design, discussions were given on the systematic improvements in the test items, the gas sampling procedures, the unit protecting interlock, and the facility protecting logic. For the trial run design, establishment has been implemented on the efficient and functional test plans by establishing priority on the tests to be executed, so that the development items demanded in the pilot test and research can be achieved within the limited test processes. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 2000 on the phase II research and development for hydrogen utilizing international clean energy system technology (WE-NET). Task 6. Development of fuel cell of pure hydrogen fueled solid polymer type; 2000 nendo suiso riyo kokusai clean energy system gijutsu (WE-NET) dai 2 ki kenkyu kaihatsu. Task 6. Junsuiso kyokyu kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2001-03-01

This paper describes the achievements in fiscal 2000 from the WE-NET Phase II for research and development Task-6. The objective is to verify performance and reliability, by means of field tests, of a power generation plant using fuel cells of pure hydrogen fueled solid polymer type with power transmission terminal efficiency of 45% and output of 30 kW. The fuel cells were developed by using the cathode humidification process as a humidification method suitable for operation at high utilization rates. With a three-cell stack made by using this humidification process (having an effective area of 289 cm{sup 2}), verification was made on the current density of 0.2A/cm{sup 2}, the characteristics of 0.75V or higher, and the uniform voltage distribution performance being the immediate targets. In order to mitigate the hydrogen utilization in the fuel cells, discussions were given on the serial flow system that divides the laminated cells into two blocks. Thus, operation was found possible with the utilization rate in each block reduced to about 80% by selecting an adequate division rate even if the hydrogen utilization rate is 96% in the entire stack. Stable operation has been performed in the 5-kW class power generation test using the cathode interior humidifying system. Specifications for 30-kW class power plant, system configuration, safety, and material balance were discussed. The basic design was made on the hydrogen gas humidity adjusting system. (NEDO)

Report on the results of the FY 1999 R and D of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Development of the power system technology (Development of high voltage several 10 kW class dispersed generation system); 1999 nendo kotai kobunshigata nenryo denchi no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Hatsuden system gijutsu no kaihatsu (koden'atsugata suju kW kyu bunsan dengen system no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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2000-03-01

The paper described the results of the FY 1999 development of polymer electrolyte fuel cell and several 10 kW class dispersed generation system. The humidification of the cell body is the internal humidification method in which water is directly supplied to cell, which makes the cell life long. The cooling using latent heat of vaporization of the water supplied makes the temperature distribution inside the cell face homogeneous. In the test for long life, the system was stably operated at voltage lowering speed of 11mV/1000h. The optimization of water supply structure in the stack increases the latent heat cooling amount and makes the temperature distribution inside the cell face homogeneous. The reduction of CO concentration in reformed gas is extremely important for improvement of cell performance and long-term stabilization of cell voltage. By the two-stage structure selective oxidation device, the CO concentration at inlet, 5,000 ppm, can be reduced to below 10 ppm at outlet. In the demonstrative experiment on the several 10 kW class dispersed generation system, efforts for reduction in size of structural equipment and package were made, and a possible size of 200*150*180cm was obtained. Based on the chart of 30kW class system flow, the heat material balance was analyzed, and the power generation efficiency of 40% at a.c. sending end and overall efficiency of 80% were confirmed. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1996 project on the R and D of industrial scientific technology under consignment from NEDO. Report on the results of the R and D of technologies to invent original high-functional materials; 1996 nendo sangyo kagaku gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo Shin Energy Sangyo Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kiko itaku. Dokusoteki kokino zairyo sosei gijutsu no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

Technologies were described of creating original high-functional materials. The paper presented the following two as fields of technology on which importance is to be placed for the future R and D from technological and socioeconomic points of view. In the field of new materials of living organism imitation type, remarkably high-performance/high-functional new materials are invented by imitating the precise function manifestation mechanism of the ultimate living organism in which a great variety of matters are in harmony with each other and manifest complicated and high-level functions. In the field of structural control/synthesis process technology, the paper is aimed at manifestation of newer and higher functions/performance and innovation of the synthesis process, and also at developing technology to precisely control structure and process of materials including surface and interface in correspondence with atomic/molecular to macro levels. Up to the present, conducted were an examination of autonomous response materials (the subtheme is a R and D of polymer/composite multi-stimuli-responsive materials) and a R and D of precise polymerization (control) polymer materials. 239 refs., 129 figs., 49 tabs.

FY 2000 report on the survey of long-term energy technology strategy, etc. - Fundamental survey to work out the industrial technology strategy. Research survey on technology innovation indices to be worked out; 2000 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (gijutsu kakushin shihyo no sakutei ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For technology innovation, it is indispensable to arrange the environment where the continuous and spontaneous technology innovations are generated. >From this point of view, the paper re-confirmed functions of enterprises, universities and national research institutes that are main bodies of technology innovation. For the use for working out measures for activation as the basic data, conducted were the making of indices for surveying the whole system of technology innovation in Japan, and the study of the data to be prepared as statistics and the survey method. In the 1st stage, about 450 figure/table data related to technology innovation were collected for making them database from official statistic data and publications of governments and international organizations in Japan and European countries. Further, using official statistic data, about 240 figure/tables were made which seem to be important as indices of technology innovation. In the 2nd stage, on the basis of this database, the details of the activities were analyzed, and from the indices, the actual situation/subjects were considered. At last, the paper explained the index system of 'Oslo Manual' which is a guideline of working out OECD's innovation indices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1999 research report on long-term energy technology strategy. Basic research on industrial technology strategy (Individual technology strategy). Machine industry technology field (Machine tool); 1999 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (bun'yabetsu gijjtsu senryaku) kikai sangyo gijutsu bun'ya (kosaku kikai bun'ya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This report summarizes the fiscal 1999 basic research result on industrial technology strategy of a machine tool field. Corresponding to construction of an environment-friendly recycling economic society and economic growth as estimated change in social and industrial structure during 2010-2025, major themes are reuse of machine tools, energy saving, environment design, chip treatment and resource recovery. With preparation of information infrastructures in an advanced information society, major issues are 3D-CAD, remote diagnosis, remote control and self-restoration. Because of decline of the birth rate, positive employment of aged persons and women is desirable. New machining technology for new materials, and fusion of various machining technologies are important. For micro-technology, study should be made on the concept and effect of micro-factory (energy saving, space saving, cost reduction, higher accuracy and higher speed). For higher-accuracy machine tool, static, dynamic, thermal and movement characteristics are the key for improving the proper technology. For faster machining. fine basic structural element, faster main spindle and faster feed are important. (NEDO)

Report on the FY 1998 results of the New Sunshine Project (B version). Data attached 2. Development of coal liquefaction technology (Development of base technology of liquefaction (Project on internationalization of coal liquefaction technology)); 1998 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (B ban). Ekika kiban gijutsu no kaihatsu (sekitan ekika gijutsu no kokusaika jigyo (fuzoku shiryo 2))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

As a part of the project for internationalization of coal liquefaction technology, this paper reported on the potential survey for location of Indonesian low grade coal liquefaction (study of applicability of the improved BCL process and survey of hydrogen production technology using coal gasification). The survey was conducted of a locational possibility of a coal liquefaction commercial plant to be located at mine site in South Sumatra for Banko coal raw material. The improved BCL process was applied in which the results of the study by NBCL Takasago Research Institute were reflected. Further, the hydrogen production was studied by gasification of Banko coal, and the comparison was made with the conventional natural gas reforming method. As a result of the study using information/knowledge obtained during the conceptual design of Australian brown coal, the construction cost of commercial scale liquefaction plant with the Banko coal processing amount of 30,000 tons/day became 549.8 billion yen in the case of using natural gas as raw material for hydrogen production. This construction cost is the lowest as compared with 601.7 billion yen in the demonstrative BCL process and with 577.1 billion yen in the advanced BCL process. This is a process making use of features of Banko coal. The process for hydrogen production by the steam reforming method using natural gas has an advantage of increasing the production amount of coal-derived liquid the most of the three other methods. (NEDO)

Report on the results of the fiscal 1997 R and D under consignment from NEDO of photon measuring/processing technology (R and D of petroleum production system high-grade measuring/processing technology); 1997 nendo Shin energy Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kaihatsu Kiko itaku photon keisoku kako gijutsu (sekiyu seisan system kodo keisoku kako gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The R and D were conducted of high-strength and high-accuracy welding/joining technology using laser, technology to measure and assess the joining state of structures and defects around the surface of structures and inside structures by high accuracy and high resolution, and technology/equipment to generate a laser light source for the tool, which are all required to remarkably enhance safety/reliability of oil drilling facilities working in the severe environment. In fiscal 1997, as the R and D of oil production system high-grade measuring/processing technology, technical study, study of measures to be taken, operating experiment, assessment, examination, etc. were conducted on the following themes: 1) macroscopic processing technology (R and D of high-reliability laser welding technology), 2) non-destructive composition measuring technology (R and D of internal measurement and photoelectron spectroscopy using short-wavelength radiation), 3) tight-focusing all-solid-state laser technology (R and D of fiber laser), 4) tight-focusing all-solid-state laser technology (R and D of high-efficiency laser diode), and 5) comprehensive investigation of phonics engineering (investigation for photon-applied materials processing technology). 256 refs., 205 figs., 18 tabs.

Report on the FY 1998 results of the New Sunshine Project (B version). Data attached 1. Development of coal liquefaction technology (Development of base technology of liquefaction (Project on internationalization of coal liquefaction technology)); 1998 nendo sekitan ekika gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (B ban). Ekika kiban gijutsu no kaihatsu (sekitan ekika gijutsu no kokusaika jigyo (fuzoku shiryo-1))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

As a part of the project for internationalization of coal liquefaction technology, this paper reported on the potential survey for location of Indonesian low grade coal liquefaction (study of applicability of the improved BCL process and survey of hydrogen production technology using coal gasification). The survey was conducted of a locational possibility of a coal liquefaction commercial plant to be located at mine site in South Sumatra for Banko coal raw material. The improved BCL process was applied in which the results of the study by NBCL Takasago Research Institute were reflected. Further, the hydrogen production was studied by gasification of Banko coal, and the comparison was made with the conventional natural gas reforming method. As a result of the study using information/knowledge obtained during the conceptual design of Australian brown coal, the construction cost of commercial scale liquefaction plant with the Banko coal processing amount of 30,000 tons/day became 549.8 billion yen in the case of using natural gas as raw material for hydrogen production. This construction cost is the lowest as compared with 601.7 billion yen in the demonstrative BCL process and with 577.1 billion yen in the advanced BCL process. This is a process making use of features of Banko coal. The process for hydrogen production by the steam reforming method using natural gas has an advantage of increasing the production amount of coal-derived liquid the most of the three other methods. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the survey of long-term energy technology strategy, etc. - Fundamental survey to work out the industrial technology strategy. Research survey on technology innovation indices to be worked out; 2000 nendo choki energy gijutsu senryaku nado ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. Sangyo gijutsu senryaku sakutei kiban chosa (gijutsu kakushin shihyo no sakutei ni kansuru chosa kenkyu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

For technology innovation, it is indispensable to arrange the environment where the continuous and spontaneous technology innovations are generated. >From this point of view, the paper re-confirmed functions of enterprises, universities and national research institutes that are main bodies of technology innovation. For the use for working out measures for activation as the basic data, conducted were the making of indices for surveying the whole system of technology innovation in Japan, and the study of the data to be prepared as statistics and the survey method. In the 1st stage, about 450 figure/table data related to technology innovation were collected for making them database from official statistic data and publications of governments and international organizations in Japan and European countries. Further, using official statistic data, about 240 figure/tables were made which seem to be important as indices of technology innovation. In the 2nd stage, on the basis of this database, the details of the activities were analyzed, and from the indices, the actual situation/subjects were considered. At last, the paper explained the index system of 'Oslo Manual' which is a guideline of working out OECD's innovation indices. (NEDO)

FY 1998 report on the development of technology for reservoir mass and heat flow characterization. Theme 5-2. Monitoring and modeling of reservoir mass and heat flows (Integrated reservoir modeling and simulation techniques/Modeling support technique); 1998 nendo chinetsu tansa gijutsu nado kensho chosa choryuso hendo tansaho kaihatsu hokokusho (yoyaku). 5-2. Choryuso hendo yosoku gijutsu (modeling shien gijutsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

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1999-03-01

This R and D are aimed at establishing technology to support the reservoir modeling work required for predicting the reservoir variation from the geological/geochemical side. The contents of the development are (1) establishment of the practical measuring system for core fracture system, and (2) establishment of new modeling support technology. In (1), as the core fraction system measuring system, the measurement of fluid inclusion homogenization temperature and melting point and laser Raman spectroscopy were applied to the Wasabizawa area to obtain the results. In (2), the R and D were conducted of a rapid age measuring method for altered rock/unaltered rock and an analytical method for fluid flow using trace chemical components of hydrothermal minerals. In the former, 3-D thermoluminescent intensity of the age-known quartz was measured. The TL age of weak altered rock of Kijiyama dacite in the Wasabizawa area was 320Ka, almost the same result as 320Ka already reported. In the latter, trace components of quartz were measured at each well, and changes in the depth direction were made clear. It was made clear that the variation of Na/K ratio is large around the lost circulation stratum. The geothermal fluid flow was made clear by the analysis of similarity of the intensity ratio. (NEDO)

FY 1999 Report on research and development of energy utilization rationalization superhigh-technological liquid crystal technologies. Superhigh-technological electronic technology development promotion project for new functional electronic material design, control and analysis technologies; 1999 nendo energy shiyo gorika chosentan ekisho gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Chosentan denshi gijutsu kaihatsu sokushin jigyo shinkino denshi zairyo sekkei seigyo bunseki nado gijutsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-04-01

Described herein are the FY 1999 results of the liquid crystal technology development project. For the researches on multi-layer reflection, composite panels of flattened resins of different refractive index are developed to improve 2-layer monochromic contrast ratio. The guest/host liquid crystal compositions of high orientation order are investigated as the those useful for high contrast. Compounds are pursued for superanisotropic light absorption, and modification with a substituent is found to be effective. Molecular orientation controlling is also studied. For researches on memory-sustaining type liquid crystals, the studied items include formation of thin ferroelectric films on glass substrates, improvement of voltage-sustaining characteristics by composites (including compounds), and doping of trace quantities of ionic impurities. For development of image element colors, the studied items include multi-lattice-structured, oriented HPDLC devices, composites of high birefringence (high order light scattering), and light interference, high order light scattering type light control devices. The multi-dimensionally anisotropic structure of configuration divided into 3 parts of R, G and B is developed to create directive reflection which improves brightness of the reflection type color liquid crystal. A group of compounds are pursued to develop liquid crystal compositions of high refractive index anisotropy, and promising ones are found. The results of the comprehensive investigations are also described. (NEDO)