Ta-ion implantation induced by a high-intensity laser for plasma diagnostics and target preparation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cutroneo, M., E-mail: cutroneo@ujf.cas.cz [Nuclear Physics Institute, ASCR, 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Malinsky, P.; Mackova, A. [Nuclear Physics Institute, ASCR, 250 68 Rez (Czech Republic); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Matousek, J. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Torrisi, L. [Department of Physics and Earth Science, Messina University, V.le F.S. d’Alcontres 31, 981 66 S. Agata, Messina (Italy); Slepicka, P. [Department of Solid State Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, 166 28 Prague (Czech Republic); Ullschmied, J. [Institute of Physics, ASCR, v.v.i., 182 21 Prague 8 (Czech Republic)

2015-12-15

The present work is focused on the implantation of Ta ions into silicon substrates covered by a silicon dioxide layer 50–300 nm thick. The implantation is achieved using sub-nanosecond pulsed laser ablation (10{sup 15} W/cm{sup 2}) with the objective of accelerating non-equilibrium plasma ions. The accelerated Ta ions are implanted into the exposed silicon substrates at energies of approximately 20 keV per charge state. By changing a few variables in the laser pulse, it is possible to control the kinetic energy, the yield and the angular distribution of the emitted ions. Rutherford Back-Scattering analysis was performed using 2.0 MeV He{sup +} as the probe ions to determine the elemental depth profiles and the chemical composition of the laser-implanted substrates. The depth distributions of the implanted Ta ions were compared to SRIM 2012 simulations. The evaluated results of energy distribution were compared with online techniques, such as Ion Collectors (IC) and an Ion Energy Analyser (IEA), for a detailed identification of the produced ion species and their energy-to-charge ratios (M/z). Moreover, XPS (X-ray Photon Spectroscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) analyses were carried out to obtain information on the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the modified implanted layers, as these features are important for further application of such structures.

The effects of femtosecond laser-textured Ti-6Al-4V on wettability and cell response

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raimbault, Ophélie [Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (UMR 5513 CNRS), 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex (France); Benayoun, Stephane, E-mail: stephane.benayoun@ec-lyon.fr [Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (UMR 5513 CNRS), 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex (France); Anselme, Karine [Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse (France); Mauclair, Cyril [Université de Lyon, Université de Saint-Étienne, Laboratoire Hubert Curien (UMR 5516 CNRS), 18 rue du Professeur Benoit Lauras, 42000 Saint Etienne (France); GIE Manutech USD, 18 rue du Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 St Etienne (France); Bourgade, Tatiana [Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse (France); Kietzig, Anne-Marie; Girard-Lauriault, Pierre-Luc [Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5 (Canada); Valette, Stephane [Université de Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (UMR 5513 CNRS), 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, 69134 Ecully Cedex (France); GIE Manutech USD, 18 rue du Professeur Benoît Lauras, 42000 St Etienne (France); and others

2016-12-01

To study the biological activity effects of femtosecond laser-induced structures on cell behavior, TA6V samples were micro-textured with focused femtosecond laser pulses generating grooves of various dimensions on the micrometer scale (width: 25–75 μm; depth: 1–10 μm). LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures) were also generated during the laser irradiation, providing a supplementary structure (sinusoidal form) of hundreds of nanometers at the bottom of the grooves oriented perpendicular (⊥ LIPPS) or parallel (// LIPPS) to the direction of these grooves. C3H10 T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated on the textured biomaterials. To have a preliminary idea of the spreading of biological media on the substrate, prior to cell culture, contact angle measurement were performed. This showed that the post-irradiation hydrophilicity of the samples can decrease with time according to its storage environment. The multiscale structuration either induced a collaborative or a competitive influence of the LIPSS and grooves on the cells. It has been shown that cells individually and collectively were most sensitive to microscale grooves which were narrower than 25 μm and deeper than 5 μm with ⊥ LIPPS. In some cases, cells were individually sensitive to the LIPSS but the cell layer organization did not exhibit significant differences in comparison to a non-textured surface. These results showed that cells are more sensitive to the nanoscale structures (LIPSS), unless the microstructures's size is close to the cell size and deeper than 5 μm. There, the cells are sensitive to the microscale structures and go on spreading following these structures. - Highlights: • Wettability of Ti-6Al-4V was studied versus laser texturing, time and storage environment after laser treatment. • The anisotropy of the cell spreading and the individual orientation of the cells on the biomaterial were investigated. • Characteristic lengths of the multiscale

Microstructure evolution and liquid phase separation in Ta-O hypermonotectic melts during laser-cladding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

*Hai-ou Yang,

2018-05-01

Full Text Available A three-layer Ta2O5-containing coating was successfully fabricated by laser cladding on a pure Ta substrate. The maximum thickness of such a coating is about 1.6 mm. The microstructure, phase constitution and elemental distribution in the coating were investigated. Results show that the coating has been metallurgically bonded to the Ta substrate and the microstructure exhibits a graded change along the deposition direction from Ta substrate to the top of coating. In the layers I and II of the graded coating, the microstructure evolution can be confirmed as a result of hypomonotectic reaction, but in the layer Ⅲ it was formed by hypermonotectic reaction. At the top of coating, the microstructure was still homogeneous although liquid phase separation had occurred,which can be attributed to the fact that the O-rich droplets do not have enough time to float at high cooling rate.The theoretical calculation results show that during laser cladding, the solidification time of the melt pool was less than 0.1 s, which fits well with the results from the experiment.

Characterization of laser deposited Ti6Al4V/TiC composite powders on a Ti6Al4V substrate

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mahamood, RM

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reports the material characterization of Ti6Al4V/TiC composite produced by laser metal deposition. The Ti6Al4V/TiC composites were deposited with a composition ratio of 50 wt.% Ti64l4V and 50 wt.% TiC. The depositions were achieved...

Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V produced by selective laser melting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Simonelli, M; Tse, Y Y; Tuck, C

2012-01-01

Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy. Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components using novel additive processing techniques such as selective laser melting is of great interest. This study focuses on the microstructure characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) with full (Ti-6Al-4V base plate) and partial (Ti-6Al-4V needle-shaped bed) support. The starting material, a plasma atomised powder, and the component products are studied using various microscopy techniques including optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Powder particles are fully dense, possess a spherical shape and are composed of acicular α phase. The as-built material shows oriented acicular martensitic phase with well defined columnar grains. The morphology of martensitic phase and microstructural evolution will be discussed in relation to the SLM processing parameters employed and the different cooling rates experienced by the components.

Laser metal deposition of Ti6Al4V: A study on the effect of laser power on microstructure and microhardness

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mahamood, RM

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The effect of laser power on the resulting microstructure and microhardness of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V powder on Ti6Al4V substrate has been investigated. The tracks were deposited using 99.6 % pure Ti6Al4V powder of particle size ranging...

An empirical-statistical model for laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Nabhani, Mohammad; Razavi, Reza Shoja; Barekat, Masoud

2018-03-01

In this article, Ti-6Al-4V powder alloy was directly deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate using laser cladding process. In this process, some key parameters such as laser power (P), laser scanning rate (V) and powder feeding rate (F) play important roles. Using linear regression analysis, this paper develops the empirical-statistical relation between these key parameters and geometrical characteristics of single clad tracks (i.e. clad height, clad width, penetration depth, wetting angle, and dilution) as a combined parameter (PαVβFγ). The results indicated that the clad width linearly depended on PV-1/3 and powder feeding rate had no effect on it. The dilution controlled by a combined parameter as VF-1/2 and laser power was a dispensable factor. However, laser power was the dominant factor for the clad height, penetration depth, and wetting angle so that they were proportional to PV-1F1/4, PVF-1/8, and P3/4V-1F-1/4, respectively. Based on the results of correlation coefficient (R > 0.9) and analysis of residuals, it was confirmed that these empirical-statistical relations were in good agreement with the measured values of single clad tracks. Finally, these relations led to the design of a processing map that can predict the geometrical characteristics of the single clad tracks based on the key parameters.

Tritium diffusion in V, Nb and Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qi, Z.; Voelkl, J.; Laesser, R.; Wenzl, H.

1983-01-01

Gorsky-effect measurements of the diffusion coefficient of tritium (T) in V, Nb and Ta are reported. The measurements were performed at small T concentrations (less than about 1.4 at%), and in the temperature range from -140 0 C to 100 0 C. Comparison with results obtained for H and D shows an increase of the activation energy with increasing isotopic mass. For Nb and Ta, the pre-exponential factors are identical for all the isotopes, whereas for V this factor is appreciably larger for T than for H and D. The reduction of the relaxation strength in the presence of precipitation allows a rough determination of the solubility limit, which is found to be isotope independent for Nb and Ta. In V, the solubility limit for T is shifted slightly to lower temperatures. The H, D or T induced lattice expansion calculated from the relaxation strength shows no dependence on isotopic mass. (author)

High-intensity laser for Ta and Ag implantation into different substrates for plasma diagnostics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cutroneo, M., E-mail: cutroneo@ujf.cas.cz [Nuclear Physics Institute, AS CR, 25068 Rez (Czech Republic); Mackova, A.; Malinsky, P. [Nuclear Physics Institute, AS CR, 25068 Rez (Czech Republic); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Matousek, J. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Usti nad Labem (Czech Republic); Torrisi, L. [Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Messina University, V.le F.S. d’Alcontres 31, 98166 S. Agata, Messina (Italy); Ullschmied, J. [Institute of Physics, ASCR, v.v.i., 182 21 Prague 8 (Czech Republic)

2015-07-01

High-intensity lasers generating non-equilibrium plasma, can be employed to accelerate ions in the keV–MeV region, useful for many applications. In the present work, we performed study of ion implantation into different substrates by using a high-intensity laser at the PALS laboratory in Prague. Multi-energy ions generated by plasma from Ta and Ag targets were implanted into polyethylene and metallic substrates (Al, Ti) at energies of tens of keV per charge state. The ion emission was monitored online using time-of-flight detectors and electromagnetic deflection systems. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterise the elemental composition in the implanted substrates by ion plasma emission and to provide the implanted ion depth profiling. These last measurements enable offline plasma characterisation and provide information on the useful potentiality of multi-ion species and multi-energy ion implantation into different substrates. XPS analysis gives information on the chemical bonds and their modifications in the first superficial implanted layers. The depth distributions of implanted Ta and Ag ions were compared with the theoretical ones achieved by using the SRIM-2012 simulation code.

Property Investigation of Laser Cladded, Laser Melted and Electron Beam Melted Ti-Al6-V4

Science.gov (United States)

2006-05-01

UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED Figure 3: Examples of electron beam melted net shape parts; powder bed [3]. 1.4 Laser Cladding ...description, www.arcam.com. [4] K.-H. Hermann, S. Orban, S. Nowotny, Laser Cladding of Titanium Alloy Ti6242 to Restore Damaged Blades, Proceedings...Property Investigation of Laser Cladded , Laser Melted and Electron Beam Melted Ti-Al6-V4 Johannes Vlcek EADS Deutschland GmbH Corporate Research

Generation of Ta ions at high laser-power densities

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Láska, Leoš; Jungwirth, Karel; Králiková, Božena; Krása, Josef; Pfeifer, Miroslav; Rohlena, Karel; Skála, Jiří; Ullschmied, Jiří; Badziak, J.; Parys, P.; Wolowski, J.; Woryna, E.

2002-01-01

Roč. 52, Suppl. D (2002), s. D283-D291 ISSN 0011-4626. [Plasma Physics and Technology. Prague, 10.06.2002-13.06.2002] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010921 Keywords : laser produced plasma * multiple charged Ta ions Subject RIV: BH - Optics, Masers, Lasers Impact factor: 0.311, year: 2002

Tribocorrosion Study of Ordinary and Laser-Melted Ti6Al4V Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danillo P. Silva

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Titanium alloys are used in biomedical implants, as well as in other applications, due to the excellent combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, the tribocorrosion resistance of titanium alloy is normally not satisfactory. Therefore, surface modification is a way to improve this specific performance. In the present paper, laser surface-modified samples were tested in corrosion and pin-on-disk tribocorrosion testing in 0.90% NaCl under an average Hertzian pressure of 410 MPa against an alumina sphere. Laser-modified samples of Ti6Al4V were compared with ordinary Ti6Al4V alloy. Electrochemical impedance showed higher modulus for laser-treated samples than for ordinary Ti6Al4V ones. Moreover, atomic force microscopy revealed that laser-treated surfaces presented less wear than ordinary alloy for the initial exposure. For a further exposure to wear, i.e., when the wear depth is beyond the initial laser-affected layer, both materials showed similar corrosion behavior. Microstructure analysis and finite element method simulations revealed that the different behavior between the initial and the extensive rubbing was related to a fine martensite-rich external layer developed on the irradiated surface of the fusion zone.

Enhanced 77 K vortex-pinning in Y Ba2Cu3O7−x films with Ba2Y TaO6 and mixed Ba2Y TaO6 + Ba2Y NbO6 nano-columnar inclusions with irreversibility field to 11 T

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Rizzo

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Pulsed laser deposited thin Y Ba2Cu3O7−x (YBCO films with pinning additions of 5 at. % Ba2Y TaO6 (BYTO were compared to films with 2.5 at. % Ba2Y TaO6 + 2.5 at. % Ba2Y NbO6 (BYNTO additions. Excellent magnetic flux-pinning at 77 K was obtained with remarkably high irreversibility fields greater than 10 T (YBCO-BYTO and 11 T (YBCO-BYNTO, representing the highest ever achieved values in YBCO films.

"Parīzes šiks" mūsdienu restorānu interjera dizainā

OpenAIRE

Kalnarāja, Agnese

2015-01-01

Diplomdarbā “Parīzes šiks mūsdienu restorānu interjera dizainā” sastāv no piecām nodaļām. Pirmajā nodaļā tiek aprakstīta Parīzes arhitektūras un interjera dizaina vēsture, tā ietekme uz “Parīzes šika” veidošanos, kā arī pētīta restorānu vēsture. Otrajā nodaļā tiek pētīti elementi, kas raksturo “Parīzes šika” interjeru. Trešajā nodaļā tiek analizēti un aprakstīti psiholoģiskie faktori, kas ietekmē restorānu dizainu – apgaismojums, krāsu lietojums un atmosfēras nozīme interjerā. Empīriskajā...

InTaO4-based nanostructures synthesized by reactive pulsed laser ablation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, Takehito; Toyoyama, Hirokazu; Umezu, Ikurou; Sugimura, Akira

2008-01-01

Nanostructured Ni-doped indium-tantalum-oxides (InTaO 4 ) were synthesized by a reactive pulsed laser ablation process, aiming at the final goal of direct splitting of water under visible sunbeam irradiation. The third harmonics beam of a Nd:YAG laser was focused onto a sintered In 0.9 Ni 0.1 TaO 4-δ target in pure oxygen background gases (0.05-1.00 Torr). Increasing the oxygen gas pressure, via thin films having nanometer-sized strong morphologies, single-crystalline nanoparticles were synthesized in the reactive vapor phases. The nanostructured deposited materials have the monoclinic layered wolframite-type structure of bulk InTaO 4 , without oxygen deficiency. (orig.)

Fabrication of Ta nanoparticles induced by nanosecond laser ablation in ethanol: the study of laser fluence effects

Science.gov (United States)

Azadi Kenari, Fariba; Moniri, Samira; Hantehzadeh, Mohammad Reza; Dorranian, Davoud; Ghoranneviss, Mahmood

2018-05-01

Tantalum nanoparticles (Ta NPs) were synthesized in ethanol solution by ablation with a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Prepared NPs were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Photoluminescence measurement. The average sizes of NPs were calculated to be in the range of 12-18 nm. From the UV-visible studies, the plasmon peak position of Ta NPs was observed in the spectral range of 206-208 nm. The XRD spectra clearly showed the crystalline structure of NPs and various peaks of Ta and Ta2O5. Moreover, the UV region in the PL spectrum included the free exciton and the bound exciton emission correlated with the defect concentration. In fact, the laser ablation in the organic and inorganic solvents is a strong technique to obtain some NPs with particular structures, which are impossible to produce by conventional methods.

Spectra of γ-rays from capture of 2 eV to 9 x 104 eV neutrons by 181Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stelts, M.L.

Using new experimental techniques, the spectra of γ-rays from the capture of neutrons by 181 Ta were measured at the Livermore 100-MeV linac for neutrons from 2 eV to 9 x 10 4 eV with a (Ge(Li)-NaI) three-crystal spectrometer. Individual primary γ-ray lines were resolved to 1778-keV excitation in 182 Ta. Neutron resonances were resolved to 200-eV neutron energy. Data analysis techniques and codes were developed to extract positions and intensities of resolved transitions from the large data matrices accumulated in this experiment. Techniques were developed to unfold the unresolved γ-ray spectra using the simple response of the three-crystal spectrometer. The resolved transition data were used to place 110 states with spin and parity assignments in the 182 Ta level diagram below 1780-keV excitation. A set of 1240 E1 transition strengths were analyzed to extract 1.38 +- 0.11 degrees of freedom for the most likely chisquared fit to the distribution of widths. The E1 strength function was extracted for E/sub gamma/ = 4 to 6 MeV and compared with previous results. The γ-ray spectra for E/sub gamma/ = 1.5 to 6.1 MeV were unfolded for neutron energy groups between 20 and 9 x 10 4 eV. Below 5-MeV γ-ray energy no dependence of the spectral shape on neu []ron energy was observed. (30 figures, 4 tables) (auth)

Contribution have the survey of the transformation {sup 181}Hf {yields} {sup 181}Ta (17 {mu}s) {yields} {sup 181}Ta; Contribution a l'etude de la transformation {sup 181}Hf {yields} {sup 181}Ta (17 {mu}s) {yields} {sup 181}Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baullini, R; Chaminade, R; Desneiges, P; Grjebine, T; Quidort, J; Wahl, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1953-07-01

The metastable state of Ta, whose period is around 20 microseconds, has been discovered by De BENEDETTI and Mc GOWAM who done measurements of deferred coincidences between the particles beta and the electrons of conversion given out by the hafnium radiated by thermal neutrons. We measured the period of {sup 181}Ta{sup *} by measures of deferred coincidences {beta}-e{sup -} and {beta}-{gamma}. A method of survey of the specter of photons amplitudes emitted by {sup 181}Ta{sup *} has been fit. This method permitted to solve the presence of {gamma} in the radiation emitted in synchronism with the deexcitation of {sup 181}Ta{sup *}. Finally in a last chapter, we propose a method of dosage of the {sup 181}Hf in presence of other radioelements. (M.B.) [French] L'etat metastable de Ta, dont la periode est voisine de 20 microsecondes, a ete decouvert par DE BENEDETTI et Mc GOWAM qui effectuaient des mesures de coincidences differees entre les particules beta et les electrons de conversion emis par du hafnium irradie par des neutrons thermiques. Nous avons mesure la periode de {sup 181}Ta{sup *} par des mesures de coincidences differees {beta}-e{sup -} et {beta}-{gamma}. Une methode d'etude du spectre d'amplitudes des photons emis par {sup 181}Ta{sup *} a ete mise au point. Cette methode a permis d'eclaircir la presence de {gamma} dans le rayonnement emis en synchronisme avec la desexcitation de {sup 181}Ta{sup *}. Enfin dans un dernier chapitre, on proposera une methode de dosage du {sup 181}Hf en presence d'autres radioelements. (M.B.)

Erosion of the 4-6- and 8 group transition metals under intense laser radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samsonov, G.V.; Verkhoturov, A.D.; Roshchina, A.I.; Vasil'ev, A.V.; Klimenko, V.P.

1976-01-01

The erosion resistance is studied of transition metals of Groups 4-6 and 8 at laser emission of approximately 6x1O 7 W/cm 2 . It is shown that as the emission power increases from 10 6 to 6x10 7 W/cm 2 the erosion values show an increase over tenfold without any subsequent filling of the craters. The growth of the metallic erosion is largely caused by a greater crater diameter. The erosion resistance of metals enhances in the following series: Ti-Zr-Co-Ni-Fe, Hf-V-Nb-Mo-Cr-Ta-W-Cu

Effects of the [OC6F5] moiety upon structural geometry: crystal structures of half-sandwich tantalum(V) aryloxide complexes from reaction of Cp*Ta(N(t)Bu)(CH2R)2 with pentafluorophenol.

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Jacqueline M; Chan, Michael C W; Gibson, Vernon C; Howard, Judith A K

2011-10-01

The synthesis, chemical and structural characterization of a series of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) tantalum imido complexes and aryloxide derivatives are presented. Specifically, the imido complexes Cp*Ta(N(t)Bu)(CH(2)R)(2), where R = Ph [dibenzyl(tert-butylamido) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (1)], Me(2)Ph [tert-butylamido)bis(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (2)], CMe(3) [(tert-butylamido)bis(2,2-dimethylpropyl) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(IV) (3)], are reported. The crystal structure of (3) reveals α-agostic interactions with the Ta atom. The resulting increase in the tantalum core coordination improves electronic stability. As such it does not react with pentafluorophenol, in contrast to the other two reported imido complexes [(1) and (2)]. Addition of C(6)F(5)OH to (1) yields a dimeric aryl-oxide derivative, [Cp*Ta(CH(2)Ph)(OC(6)H(5))(μ-O)](2) [di-μ-oxido-bis[benzyl(pentafluorophenolato) (η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V)] (4)]. Its crystal structure reveals long Ta-O(C(6)H(5)) bonds but short oxo-bridging Ta-O bonds. This is explained by accounting for the fierce electronic competition for the vacant d(π) orbitals of the electrophilic Ta(V) centre. Steric congestion around each metal is alleviated by a large twist angle (77.1°) between the benzyl and pentafluorophenyl ligands and the ordering of each of these groups into stacked pairs. The imido complex (2) reacts with C(6)F(5)OH to produce a mixture of Cp*Ta(OC(6)F(5))(4) [tetrakis(pentafluorophenolato)(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V) (5)] and [Cp*Ta(OC(6)F(5))(2)(μ-O)](2) [di-μ-oxido-bis[bis(pentafluorophenolato)(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)tantalum(V)] (6)]. Steric congestion is offset in both cases by the twisting of its pentafluorophenyl ligands. Particularly strong electronic competition for the empty d(π) metal orbitals in (6) is reflected in its bond geometry, and owes itself to the

Superconductivity and specific heat measurements in V--Nb--Ta ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, R.Y.P.

1977-01-01

The correlation between the superconducting transition temperature T/sub c/ with electronic specific heat coefficient γ and Debye temperature theta/sub D/ in some isoelectronic ternary V--Nb--Ta alloys is investigated. It has been known that the variation of theta/sub D/ with concentration in both V--Nb and V--Ta systems is clearly of the same curvature as that of T/sub c/ and γ. In Ta--Nb alloys, however, over most of the concentration range theta/sub D/ seems to have a slight negative curvature while T/sub c/ and γ curve upwards. (But beyond approx. 80 at. % Nb theta/sub D/ rises rapidly to the pure Nb value.) By choosing alloys along a line connecting Ta and V 25 --Nb 75 which is close to the Nb--Ta side of the Gibb's triangle the extent to which the Nb--Ta type of behavior persists in this ternary system can be estimated. A model proposed by Miedema that takes into account the variation of properties caused by possible charge transfer among constituent atoms in an alloy has been found to apply almost quantitatively for nearly all binary alloy systems whose experimental data are available, including those for which Hopfield's method fails. A previous test of the extension of Miedema's empirical model into ternary alloys shows qualitatively correct behavior for intra-row Zr/sub x/Nb/sub 1-2x/Mo/sub x/ alloys. The good agreement between the predicted values of γ and T/sub c/ and the experimental values in the inter-row ternary V--Nb--Ta system studied here gives another and better test of the application of Miedema's model

Superconductivity of Hg3NbF6 and Hg3TaF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datars, W.R.; Morgan, K.R.; Gillespie, R.J.

1983-01-01

Low-temperature ac susceptibility measurements show that two new metallic compounds, Hg 3 TaF 6 and Hg 3 NbF 6 , are superconductors with a critical temperature of 7.0 K. Critical fields are 20% higher in Hg 3 TaF 6 but the temperature dependence of the critical field of the compounds is very similar down to 1.35 K. The critical field extrapolated to T = 0 K is 0.17 T for Hg 3 TaF 6 and 0.13 T for Hg 3 NbF 6

Measurement of thick target neutron yield from the reaction (p+181 Ta) with projectiles in the range of 6-20 MeV

Science.gov (United States)

Paul, Sabyasachi; Sahoo, G. S.; Tripathy, S. P.; Sharma, S. C.; Joshi, D. S.; Bandyopadhyay, T.

2018-02-01

181Ta is a commonly used backing material for many targets in nuclear reaction studies. When the target thickness is less than the range of bombarded projectiles, the interaction via Ta(p,n) reactions in the backing can be a significant source of background. In this study, the neutron spectral yields from the reaction of protons of different energies (between 6 to 20 MeV) with a thick Ta target were determined using CR-39 detectors. The results from this study can be used as a correction factor in such situations. The parameters of registered tracks in CR-39 were analysed using an in-house image analysing program autoTRAK_n and then to derive the associated dose values. The spectral yields obtained experimentally were compared with those obtained from the theoretical calculations. The neutron yield was found to increase with increase in projectile energy mainly due to the opening of reaction channels from (p, n) to (p, 3n).

Residual stress in TI6AL4V objects produced by direct metal laser sintering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Van Zyl, Ian

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Direct Metal Laser Sintering produces 3D objects using a layer-by- layer method in which powder is deposited in thin layers. Laser beam scans over the powder fusing powder particles as well as the previous layer. High-concentration of laser energy input leads to high thermal gradients which induce residual stress within the as- built parts. Ti6Al4V (ELI samples have been manufactured by EOSINT M280 system at prescribed by EOS process-parameters. Residual stresses were measured by XRD method. Microstructure, values and directions of principal stresses inTi6Al4V DMLS samples were analysed.

Electrochemical characterization of pulsed layer deposited hydroxyapatite-zirconia layers on Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy for biomedical application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izquierdo, Javier [Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Bolat, Georgiana [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 73 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Cimpoesu, Nicanor [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science, 61-63 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Trinca, Lucia Carmen [Science Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M. Sadoveanu Alley 3, 700490 Iasi (Romania); Mareci, Daniel, E-mail: danmareci@yahoo.com [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 73 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Souto, Ricardo Manuel, E-mail: rsouto@ull.es [Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)

2016-11-01

Highlights: • New quarternary Ti-based alloy for biomaterial application. • Combined hydroxyapatite-zirconia coating produced by pulsed laser deposition. • Porous layer formed on the coated alloy blocks electron transfer reactions. • Electrochemical behaviour consistent with passive film with duplex structure. • HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr exhibits high potential for osseointegration. - Abstract: A new titanium base Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy covered with hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA–ZrO{sub 2}) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was characterized regarding its corrosion resistance in simulated physiological Ringer’s solution at 37 °C. For the sake of comparison, Ti-6Al-4V standard implant alloy, with and without hydroxyapatite-zirconia coating, was also characterized. Multiscale electrochemical analysis using both conventional averaging electrochemical techniques, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization, and spatially-resolved microelectrochemical techniques (scanning electrochemical microscopy, SECM) were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the materials. In addition, scanning electron microscopy evidenced that no relevant surface morphology changes occurred on the materials upon immersion in the simulated physiological solution, despite variations in their electrochemical behaviour. Although uncoated metals appear to show better performances during conventional corrosion tests, the response is still quite similar for the HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated materials while providing superior resistance towards electron transfer due to the formation of a more dense film on the surface, thus effectively behaving as a passive material. It is believed corrosion of the HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy will have negligible effect upon biochemical and cellular events at the bone-implant interface and could facilitate osseointegration.

1.083 μm laser operation in Nd,Mg:LiTaO3 crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, P. C.; Hang, Y.; Li, R.; Gong, J.; Yin, J. G.; Zhao, C. C.; He, X. M.; Yu, T.; Zhang, L. H.; Chen, W. B.; Zhu, Y. Y.

2011-10-01

Nd,Mg:LiTaO3 single crystal with high optical quality was grown by Czochralski technique. Absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated. The peak absorption cross section at 806.5 nm and peak emission cross section at 1091 nm are 6.81×10-20 and 3.28×10-20 cm2, respectively. The fluorescence lifetime was measured to be 129 μs. With a laser-diode as the pump source, a maximum 375 mW continuous-wave laser output at 1083 nm has been obtained with a slope efficiency of 7.2% with respect to the pump power.

1.083 μm laser operation in Nd,Mg:LiTaO3 crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, P C; Hang, Y; Li, R; Gong, J; Yin, J G; Zhao, C C; He, X M; Yu, T; Zhang, L H; Chen, W B; Zhu, Y Y

2011-01-01

Nd,Mg:LiTaO 3 single crystal with high optical quality was grown by Czochralski technique. Absorption and fluorescence spectra were investigated. The peak absorption cross section at 806.5 nm and peak emission cross section at 1091 nm are 6.81×10 -20 and 3.28×10 -20 cm 2 , respectively. The fluorescence lifetime was measured to be 129 μs. With a laser-diode as the pump source, a maximum 375 mW continuous-wave laser output at 1083 nm has been obtained with a slope efficiency of 7.2% with respect to the pump power

Selective Laser Melting Produced Ti-6Al-4V: Post-Process Heat Treatments to Achieve Superior Tensile Properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Ter Haar, Gerrit M; Becker, Thorsten H

2018-01-17

Current post-process heat treatments applied to selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V do not achieve the same microstructure and therefore superior tensile behaviour of thermomechanical processed wrought Ti-6Al-4V. Due to the growing demand for selective laser melting produced parts in industry, research and development towards improved mechanical properties is ongoing. This study is aimed at developing post-process annealing strategies to improve tensile behaviour of selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V parts. Optical and electron microscopy was used to study α grain morphology as a function of annealing temperature, hold time and cooling rate. Quasi-static uniaxial tensile tests were used to measure tensile behaviour of different annealed parts. It was found that elongated α'/α grains can be fragmented into equiaxial grains through applying a high temperature annealing strategy. It is shown that bi-modal microstructures achieve a superior tensile ductility to current heat treated selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V samples.

Photophysical electronic structure of double-perovskites A{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} (A = Ba and Sr)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghosh, Binita, E-mail: ghosh.binita@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Dutta, Alo [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Shannigrahi, Santiranjan [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 (Singapore); Sinha, T.P. [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India)

2015-11-05

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of double perovskite oxides, Ba{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} are performed in the energy window of 0–1300 eV. Density functional theory calculations are initiated with the Vienna ab initio Simulation Package to understand the electronic structure of the systems. The calculated DOS has been compared with the experimental valence band XPS spectra. It has been observed that the Ta-5d and O-2p states are hybridized in the valence band. The chemical shifts of these compounds suggest a mixed ionic and covalent character of the bonds, which has been used to explain the electrical conduction mechanism of the systems. The calculated ratio of the spin-orbit interaction energy for Ba 3d and 4d states matches well with the observed experimental results. - Highlights: • DFT calculations of Ba{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} have been performed with VASP. • XPS measurements are performed in the energy window of 0–1300 eV. • The calculated DOS has been compared with the valence band XPS spectra. • Chemical shifts from XPS spectra have been used to explain the conduction mechanism.

Optoelectronic Characterization of Ta-Doped ZnO Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition.

Science.gov (United States)

Koo, Horng-Show; Peng, Jo-Chi; Chen, Mi; Chin, Hung-I; Chen, Jaw-Yeh; Wu, Maw-Kuen

2015-11-01

Transparent conductive oxide of Ta-doped ZnO (TZO) film with doping amount of 3.0 wt% have been deposited on glass substrates (Corning Eagle XG) at substrate temperatures of 100 to 500 degrees C by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The effect of substrate temperature on the structural, optical and electronic characteristics of Ta-doped ZnO (TZO) films with 3.0 wt% dopant of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) was measured and demonstrated in terms of X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), four-probe and Hall-effect measurements. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that TZO films grow in hexagonal crystal structure of wurtzite phase with a preferred orientation of the crystallites along (002) direction and exhibits better physical characteristics of optical transmittance, electrical conductivity, carrier concentration and mobility for the application of window layer in the optoelectronic devices of solar cells, OLEDs and LEDs. The lowest electrical resistivity (ρ) and the highest carrier concentration of the as-deposited film deposited at 300 degrees C are measured as 2.6 x 10(-3) Ω-cm and 3.87 x 10(-20) cm(-3), respectively. The highest optical transmittance of the as-deposited film deposited at 500 degrees C is shown to be 93%, compared with another films deposited below 300 degrees C. It is found that electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited TZO film are greatly dependent on substrate temperature during laser ablation deposition.

A Comparative Study on Corrosion Behavior of Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr Ti-6Al-4V and CP-Ti in 0.9 wt% NaCl

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saji, Viswanathan S.; Jeong, Yong Hoon; Choe, Han Cheol [Andong National University, Andong (Korea, Republic of)

2009-08-15

Recently, quaternary titanium alloys of the system Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr received considerable research considerable research interest as potential implant materials because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, only few reported works were available on the corrosion behavior of such alloys. Hence, in the present work, electrochemical corrosion of Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr alloy, which has been fabricated by are melting and heat treatment, was studied in 0.9 wt% NaCl at 37{+-}1 .deg. C, along with biomedical grade Ti-6Al-4V and CP-Ti. The phase and microstructure of the alloys were investigated employing XRD and SEM. The results of electrochemical studies indicated that the corrosion resistance of the quaternary alloy was inferior to that of Ti-6Al-4V and CP Ti.

Direct Laser Cladding of Cobalt on Ti-6Al-4V with a Compositionally Graded Interface

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Direct laser cladding of cobalt on Ti-6Al-4V with and without a graded interface has been attempted using a continuous wave CO2 laser. Graded interface is developed by depositing a thin copper layer on Ti-6Al-4V substrate prior to multiple laser cladding of cobalt on it. Presence of copper interlayer was found to suppress the formation of brittle intermetallics of Ti and Co. The effect of process parameters on the microstructures, compositions, and phases of the interface was studied in details. Finally, the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the interface processed under optimum process parameters are reported.

Chronological study of beryllium plasma produced by a laser beam; Etude chronologique du plasma de beryllium cree par le faisceau d'un laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Langer, Ph; Tonon, G; Durand, Y; Buges, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-01

We have carried out several investigations (ultrafast cinematography, visible and ultra-violet spectroscopy, interferometry, charged particle detection) on beryllium plasma produced by a ruby laser having a maximum power of 9 x 10{sup 10} watt/cm{sup 2} at the focal point of an objective with a 6,7 cm focal length. The common characteristic of all these investigations is a time resolution which is sufficient to follow changes in the plasma during the entire duration of the laser pulse. The plasma visible from - 60 ns (time zero corresponds to the top of the laser pulse) undergoes an uniform acceleration from - 30 to + 5 nanoseconds; at this moment its velocity reaches a value of 10{sup 7} cm/sec. Be{sup +}, Be{sup 2+} and Be{sup 3+} ions (corresponding to an ionisation potential of 153 eV) are emitted by the plasma as soon as it is formed and have a maximum kinetic energy of 1500 eV. The spectroscopic study of the plasma has shown the appearance of recombination lines of ionized beryllium and of lines of excited beryllium at + 70 nanoseconds and + 120 nanoseconds respectively. These lines are still visible after + 470 and + 720 nanoseconds. Interferometric measurements carried out on this plasma have shown that its electronic density is not uniform and decreases rapidly at increasing distance from the target. For example at 0.3 mm from the surface of the target the density becomes equal to 2.3 x 10{sup 18} e/cm{sup 3} and 5.5 x 10{sup 17} e/cm{sup 3} at + 20 and + 40 nanoseconds respectively. (authors) [French] Nous avons effectue plusieurs diagnostics (cinematographie ultra-rapide, spectroscopie dans le visible et dans l'ultraviolet, interferometrie, detection de particules chargees) sur le plasma de beryllium engendre par un laser a rubis delivrent au foyer d'un objectif de distance focale 6,7 cm un eclairement maximum de 9. 10{sup 10} W/cm{sup 2}. La caracteristique commune a tous ces diagnostics est une resolution temporelle suffisante qui nous permet de suivre

RESIDUAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY IMPLICATIONS FOR SELECTIVE LASER MELTED TI-6AL-4V

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Knowles, C. R.

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Selective laser melting (SLM of Ti-6Al-4V has significant potential in the aerospace and biotechnology industries. SLM employs a focused laser beam to melt successive layers of metallic powder into complex components. This process can result in the generation of high thermally-induced residual stresses. These residual stresses, together with micro-flaws/ pores from the inherent fabrication process, may lead to premature fatigue crack initiation and propagation at relatively low cyclic stresses. The hole-drilling strain gauge method was used to evaluate residual stresses within SLM Ti-6Al-4V specimens, with the intention of understanding the associated mechanisms for the successful application of SLM Ti-6Al-4V in industry.

Selective Laser Melting Produced Ti-6Al-4V: Post-Process Heat Treatments to Achieve Superior Tensile Properties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerrit M. Ter Haar

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Current post-process heat treatments applied to selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V do not achieve the same microstructure and therefore superior tensile behaviour of thermomechanical processed wrought Ti-6Al-4V. Due to the growing demand for selective laser melting produced parts in industry, research and development towards improved mechanical properties is ongoing. This study is aimed at developing post-process annealing strategies to improve tensile behaviour of selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V parts. Optical and electron microscopy was used to study α grain morphology as a function of annealing temperature, hold time and cooling rate. Quasi-static uniaxial tensile tests were used to measure tensile behaviour of different annealed parts. It was found that elongated α’/α grains can be fragmented into equiaxial grains through applying a high temperature annealing strategy. It is shown that bi-modal microstructures achieve a superior tensile ductility to current heat treated selective laser melting produced Ti-6Al-4V samples.

Observation of fission residues in the 16O + 181Ta system at Elab ≈ 6 MeV/A

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Singh B. P.

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Present paper reports on the production cross-section of 24 fission like events (30 ≤ Z ≤ 60 formed via complete fusion-fission and/or incomplete fusion-fission processes in 16O+181Ta system at energies ≈ 6 MeV/A. Experiments have been performed using the recoil-catcher technique followed by off-line γ-spectroscopy. The measured cross-section of fission-like events is satisfactorily described by a statistical model code. Further, an attempt has been made to study the mass and isotopic yield distributions of fission fragments. The variance of the presently measured isotopic yield distributions has been found to be in agreement with the literature values for some other fissioning systems.

The low-temperature structures of Hgsub(3-delta)SbF6 and Hgsub(3-delta)TaF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tun, Z.; Brown, I.D.

1986-01-01

The Hg chains in both Hgsub(3-delta)SbF 6 and Hgsub(3-delta)TaF 6 order below room temperature. Down to about 190 K the ordering results from the interaction between parallel chains. It is short range and is different for the two compounds. Below 190 K both compounds transform to an isostructural long-range-ordered phase which is driven by the interaction between perpendicular chains. The structure of this phase in both compounds has been determined. Hgsub(3-delta)SbF 6 at 173 K, delta=0.134(1), Msub(r)=810.6(2). It is monoclinic but pseudotetragonal with I4 1 /amd, a=7.655(1), c=12.558(1) A, V=735.9(2) A 3 , Z=4, Dsub(x)=7.314(3) Mg m -3 , graphite-monochromated Mo Kα radiation, lambda=0.71069 A, μ=64.8 mm -1 , F(000)=1337.1(3). Hgsub(3-delta)TaF 6 at 150 K is isostructural but has delta=0.142(1), Msub(r)=868.2(2), a=7.634(1), c=12.610(2) A, V=734.9(2) A, Dsub(x)=7.844(3) Mg m -3 , μ=76.4 mm -1 , F(000)=1422.6(3). Comparison of the low-temperature structures with those at room temperature shows that the thermal contraction results from the shortening of interatomic distances associated with the weak bonds, with the result that the MF 6 (M=Sb, Ta) host lattice shrinks more than the Hg chains. Variation of the atomic displacement parameters with temperature indicates that the large librational displacements of the MF 6 ion result from thermal motion rather than static disorder. (orig.)

Microstructure evolution and grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser shock processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ren, X.D., E-mail: renxd@mail.ujs.edu.cn [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Zhou, W.F.; Liu, F.F.; Ren, Y.P. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Yuan, S.Q. [Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technical, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China); Ren, N.F.; Xu, S.D.; Yang, T. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 (China)

2016-02-15

Graphical abstract: The grain refinement process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under LSP: (a) LDD in original grains; (b) Dislocations in β phase; (c) DTIs in α phase; (d) DTs transform into DCs; (e) DWs develop into sub-GBs; (f) GR accomplishes. - Highlights: • LSP could repair the surface defects and reduce the surface roughness. • Microstructure evolution of α phase in Ti-6Al-4V alloy processed by LSP is distinct from β phase. • Multidirectional twin intersections and subgrain boundaries are the main mechanism of grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. • Grain refinement process of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was illustrated. - Abstract: Microstructure evolution and grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after laser shock processing (LSP) are systematically investigated in this paper. Laser shock waves were induced by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser system operated with a wave-length of 1064 nm and 10 ns pulse width. The microstructures of LSP samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Present results indicate that the surface hardness of samples subjected to LSP impacts has significantly improved. Multidirectional twin intersections and dislocation movements lead to grain subdivision in α phase with ultra-high plastic deformation. High-density dislocations are found in β phase. Multidirectional twin intersections and division of sub-grain boundaries play an important role in the grain refinement of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under LSP loading conditions.

Effect of laser power and scanning speed on laser deposited Ti6Al4V/TiB2 matrix composites

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mokgalaka, MN

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Additive Manufacturing in Industry Conference, Kwa Maritane, Pilanesberg National Park, 31 October-2 November 2012 EFFECT OF LASER POWER AND SCANNING SPEED ON LASER DEPOSITED Ti6Al4V/TiB2 MATRIX COMPOSITES M.N. Mokgalaka2,1, S.L. Pityana1,2, A.P.I...

Effects of laser shock peening with contacting foil on micro laser texturing surface of Ti6Al4V

Science.gov (United States)

Dai, Fengze; Zhang, Zidong; Ren, Xudong; Lu, Jinzhong; Huang, Shu

2018-02-01

Ti6Al4V samples with micro-dimple arrays were subjected to laser shock peening in contact with foil (HCLSP). The surface roughness, micro-hardness, the residual stress distribution and the surface morphology of the micro-dimple arrays were studied to evaluate the effects of HCLSP. Moreover, the surface topography of the foils in contact was also analyzed. The gap existence between the foil and the to-be treated surface led the mechanism of HCLSP to be different compared to regular laser shock peening. The surface roughness reduction, the work-hardening effects, the compressive residual stress and the micro crack enclosure were achieved. A simplified ball-hitting-surface model was utilized to analyze the HCLSP impact. The model could well explain the experimental results. When treated by the HCLSP with H62 foil at the laser power density of 4.24 GW/cm2, the Ti6Al4V samples with micro-dimple arrays exhibit well surface topography and mechanical performance.

Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

OpenAIRE

Samar Reda Al-Sayed Ali; Abdel Hamid Ahmed Hussein; Adel Abdel Menam Saleh Nofal; Salah Elden Ibrahim Hasseb Elnaby; Haytham Abdelrafea Elgazzar; Hassan Abdel Sabour

2017-01-01

Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resist...

Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TiG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaya-Vazquez, M.R.; Sánchez-Amaya, J.M.; Boukha, Z.; Botana, F.J.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Laser remelting of TiG2 and Ti6Al4V is performed with argon shielded diode laser. ► Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion of remelted samples are deeply analysed. ► Microstructural changes of laser remelted TiG2 lead to microhardness increase. ► Remelted Ti6Al4V presents microhardness increase and corrosion improvement. ► Martensite depth in remelted Ti6Al4V is linearly proportional to laser fluence. - Abstract: The high strength, low density and superior corrosion resistance allow titanium alloys to be widely employed in different industrial applications. The properties of these alloys can be modulated by different heat treatments, including laser processing. In the present paper, laser remelting treatments, performed with a high power diode laser, were applied to samples of two titanium alloys (TiG2 and Ti6Al4V). The influence of the applied laser fluence on microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance is investigated. Results show that laser remelting treatments with appropriate fluences provoke microstructural changes leading to microhardness increase and corrosion resistance improvement.

Excimer laser processing of Ti-6Al-4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Folkes, J.A.; Shibata, K.

1994-01-01

The effect of the excimer laser on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V is reported. Particular concentration is given to surface modification for potential materials processing applications. Results showed that: (1) there is an optimum energy for smoothing titanium; (2) at this energy density increasing the number of pulses has some, but not a significant, effect on the smoothing process; and (3) relatively smooth surfaces could be achieved at higher energy densities if the sample was processed in a helium atmosphere. Other typical surface modifications and features are also reported, including the effect of different gases on the process

Bioceramic hydroxyapatite coating fabricated on TI-6Al-4V using Nd:YAG Laser

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Tlotleng, Monnamme

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Driven Innovation, 15th Annual International Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 6-7 November 2014 Bioceramic hydroxyapatite coating fabricated on TI-6Al-4V using Nd:YAG Laser M. Tlotleng1, 4*, E. Akinlabi1, M. Shukla2, 3, S. Pityana4, T...

Effect of phase transformations on laser forming of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan, Y.; Cheng, P.; Yao, Y.L.; Yang, Z.; Egland, K.

2005-01-01

In laser forming, phase transformations in the heat-affected zone take place under steep thermal cycles, and have a significant effect on the flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the laser-forming process. The flow-stress data of a material are generally provided as only dependent on strain, strain rate, and temperature, while phase transformations are determined by both temperature and temperature history. Therefore, effect of phase transformations on the flow behavior of materials in thermomechanical processing is not given necessary considerations. In the present work, both the α→β transformation during heating and the decomposition of β phase, producing martensite α ' or lamellae α dependent on cooling rate, are numerically investigated. The spatial distribution of volume fractions of phases is obtained by coupling thermal and phase transformation kinetic modeling. Consequently, the flow stress of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is calculated by the rule of mixtures based on the phase ratio and the flow stress of each single phase, which is also a function of temperature, strain, and strain rate. According to the obtained flow-stress data, the laser-forming process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is modeled by finite element method, and the deformation is predicted. A series of carefully controlled experiments are conducted to validate the theoretically predicted results

Synthesis and crystal structure of triammine pentafluorido tantalum(V) [TaF{sub 5}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baer, Sebastian A.; Kraus, Florian [Department Chemie, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching (Germany); Lozinsek, Matic [Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2013-07-01

[Sr(HF){sub 3}(TaF{sub 6}){sub 2}] reacts with liquid ammonia under the formation of colorless crystals of triammine pentafluorido tantalum(V) [TaF{sub 5}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3}] (1). The structure was elucidated by low-temperature X-ray structure analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/c with a = 5.1525(6), b = 11.736(1), c = 10.171(1) Aa, β = 94.843(9) , V = 612.8(1) Aa{sup 3} at 123 K with Z = 4. Its structure displays discrete TaF{sub 5}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3} molecules, which are interconnected by N-H..F hydrogen bonds to form a complex three-dimensional network. The title compound is a rare example of a neutral, molecular, eight-coordinate tantalum species. (Copyright copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Comparison between pulsed Nd:YAG laser superficial treatment and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reis, A.G.; Reis, D.A.P.; Moura Neto, C.; Oliveira, H.S.; Couto, A.A.

2009-01-01

The objective of this work was evaluating the creep resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with superficial treatment of pulsed Nd:YAG laser and ceramic coating in creep test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. It was used Ti-6Al-4V alloy as cylindrical bars under forged and annealing of 190 deg C by 6 hours condition and cooled by air. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy after the superficial treatment of pulsed Nd:YAG laser and ceramic coating was submitted to creep tests at 600°C and 125 at 319 MPa, under constant load mode. In the Nd:YAG pulsed laser treatment was used an environment of 40 % N and 60 % Ar, with 2.1 W of power and 10 m/s of speed. Yttria (8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ) with a CoNiCrAlY bond coat was atmospherically plasma sprayed on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by Sulzer Metco Type 9 MB. The obtained results suggest the laser treatment on Ti-6Al-4V alloy improved its creep resistance. (author)

Laser surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V): Part 1 – Surface characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pfleging, Wilhelm [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IAM-AWP, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, H.-von-Helmholtz-Pl. 1, 76344 Egg.-Leopoldshafen (Germany); Kumari, Renu [Department of Metal. and Maters. Eng., I. I. T. Kharagpur, WB 721302 (India); Besser, Heino [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IAM-AWP, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Scharnweber, Tim [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IBG-1, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Majumdar, Jyotsna Dutta, E-mail: jyotsna@metal.iitkgp.ernet.in [Department of Metal. and Maters. Eng., I. I. T. Kharagpur, WB 721302 (India)

2015-11-15

Highlights: • Texturing of Ti–6Al–4V with linear and dimple patterns are developed with ArF laser. • Linear textures have width of 25 μm and are at an interval of 20 μm. • Dimple textures are equi-spaced and have a diameter of 60 μm. • Significant refinement of microstructure in textured zone as compared to substrate. • Increased wettability of the textured surface against simulated body fluid. - Abstract: In the present study, a detailed study of the characterization of laser-surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) with line and dimple geometry developed by using an ArF excimer laser operating at a wavelength of 193 nm with a pulse length of 5 ns is undertaken. The characterization of the textured surface (both the top surface and cross section) is carried out by scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and X-ray diffraction techniques. There is refinement of microstructure along with presence of titanium oxides (rutile, anatase and few Ti{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase) in the textured surface as compared to as-received one. The area fractions of linear texture and dimple texture measured by image analysis software are 45% and 20%, respectively. The wettability is increased after laser texturing. The total surface energy is decreased due to linear (29.6 mN/m) texturing and increased due to dimple (67.6 mN/m) texturing as compared to as-received Ti–6Al–4V (37 mN/m). The effect of polar component is more in influencing the surface energy of textured surface.

Laser surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V): Part 1 – Surface characterization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pfleging, Wilhelm; Kumari, Renu; Besser, Heino; Scharnweber, Tim; Majumdar, Jyotsna Dutta

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Texturing of Ti–6Al–4V with linear and dimple patterns are developed with ArF laser. • Linear textures have width of 25 μm and are at an interval of 20 μm. • Dimple textures are equi-spaced and have a diameter of 60 μm. • Significant refinement of microstructure in textured zone as compared to substrate. • Increased wettability of the textured surface against simulated body fluid. - Abstract: In the present study, a detailed study of the characterization of laser-surface textured titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) with line and dimple geometry developed by using an ArF excimer laser operating at a wavelength of 193 nm with a pulse length of 5 ns is undertaken. The characterization of the textured surface (both the top surface and cross section) is carried out by scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and X-ray diffraction techniques. There is refinement of microstructure along with presence of titanium oxides (rutile, anatase and few Ti_2O_3 phase) in the textured surface as compared to as-received one. The area fractions of linear texture and dimple texture measured by image analysis software are 45% and 20%, respectively. The wettability is increased after laser texturing. The total surface energy is decreased due to linear (29.6 mN/m) texturing and increased due to dimple (67.6 mN/m) texturing as compared to as-received Ti–6Al–4V (37 mN/m). The effect of polar component is more in influencing the surface energy of textured surface.

Laser stimulated third harmonic generation studies in ZnO-Ta2O5-B2O3 glass ceramics entrenched with Zn3Ta2O8 crystal phases

Science.gov (United States)

Siva Sesha Reddy, A.; Jedryka, J.; Ozga, K.; Ravi Kumar, V.; Purnachand, N.; Kityk, I. V.; Veeraiah, N.

2018-02-01

In this study zinc borate glasses doped with different concentrations Ta2O5 were synthesized and were crystallized by heat treatment for prolonged times. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The SEM images of the crystallized samples have indicated that the samples contain randomly distributed crystal grains with size ∼1 μm entrenched in the residual amorphous phase. XRD studies have exhibited diffraction peaks identified as being due to the reflections from (1 1 1) planes of monoclinic Zn3Ta2O8 crystal phase that contains intertwined tetrahedral zinc and octahedral tantalate structural units. The concentration of such crystal phases in the bulk samples is observed to increase with increase of Ta2O5 up to 3.0 mol%. The IR and Raman spectroscopy studies have confirmed the presence of ZnO4 and TaO6 structural units in the glass network in addition to the conventional borate structural units. For measuring third harmonic generation (THG) in the samples, the samples were irradiated with 532 nm laser beam and the intensity of THG of probing beam (Nd:YAG λ = 1064 nm 20 ns pulsed laser (ω)) is measured as a function of fundamental beam power varying up to 200 J/m2. The intensity of THG is found to be increasing with increase of fundamental beam power and found to be the maximal for the glass crystallized with 3.0 mol% of Ta2O5. The intensity of THG of the ceramicized samples is found to be nearly 5 times higher with respect to that of pre-crystallized samples. The generation of 3ω is attributed to the perturbation/interaction between Zn3Ta2O8 anisotropic crystal grains and the incident probing beam.

Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of remelted TiG2 and Ti6Al4V by a high power diode laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amaya-Vazquez, M.R. [Laboratorio de Corrosion y Proteccion, Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain); Sanchez-Amaya, J.M., E-mail: josemaria.sanchez@uca.es [Titania, Ensayos y Proyectos Industriales S.L., Ctra Sanlucar A-2001 Km 7,5, Parque Tecnologico TecnoBahia-Edif. RETSE Nave 4, 11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cadiz (Spain); Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, CASEM, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain); Boukha, Z.; Botana, F.J. [Laboratorio de Corrosion y Proteccion, Universidad de Cadiz, Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingenieria Metalurgica y Quimica Inorganica, Avda. Republica Saharaui s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain)

2012-03-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Laser remelting of TiG2 and Ti6Al4V is performed with argon shielded diode laser. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion of remelted samples are deeply analysed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructural changes of laser remelted TiG2 lead to microhardness increase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Remelted Ti6Al4V presents microhardness increase and corrosion improvement. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Martensite depth in remelted Ti6Al4V is linearly proportional to laser fluence. - Abstract: The high strength, low density and superior corrosion resistance allow titanium alloys to be widely employed in different industrial applications. The properties of these alloys can be modulated by different heat treatments, including laser processing. In the present paper, laser remelting treatments, performed with a high power diode laser, were applied to samples of two titanium alloys (TiG2 and Ti6Al4V). The influence of the applied laser fluence on microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance is investigated. Results show that laser remelting treatments with appropriate fluences provoke microstructural changes leading to microhardness increase and corrosion resistance improvement.

Influence of small particles inclusion on selective laser melting of Ti-6Al-4V powder

Science.gov (United States)

Gong, Haijun; Dilip, J. J. S.; Yang, Li; Teng, Chong; Stucker, Brent

2017-12-01

The particle size distribution and powder morphology of metallic powders have an important effect on powder bed fusion based additive manufacturing processes, such as selective laser melting (SLM). The process development and parameter optimization require a fundamental understanding of the influence of powder on SLM. This study introduces a pre-alloyed titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V powder, which has a certain amount of small particles, for SLM. The influence of small particle inclusion is investigated through microscopy of surface topography, elemental and microstructural analysis, and mechanical testing, compared to the Ti-6Al-4V powder provided by SLM machine vendor. It is found that the small particles inclusion in Ti-6Al-4V powder has a noticeable effect on extra laser energy absorption, which may develop imperfections and deteriorate the SLM fatigue performance.

Ceramic tantalum oxide thin film coating to enhance the corrosion and wear characteristics of Ti−6Al−4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rahmati, B., E-mail: r.bijan@yahoo.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Sarhan, Ahmed A.D., E-mail: ah_sarhan@um.edu.my [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Basirun, W. Jeffrey [Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Abas, W.A.B.W. [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

2016-08-15

In this research, an attempt is made to study the corrosion and wear behavior of TaO{sub 2} thin film coating deposited onto Ti−6Al−4V alloy with the highest adhesion (was achieved in the author's previous experiments using Taguchi statistical method) which leads to increase corrosion resistance, decrease debris generation and improve durability. Accordingly, pure tantalum (Ta) was deposited onto Ti−6Al−4V substrate surface as intermetallic layer then to form a TaO{sub 2} thin film, Ta was deposited onto the sample surface in the presence of oxygen by using physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering (PVDMS). Corrosion testing was carried out in fetal bovine serum (FBS). The corrosion test in FBS medium confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the TaO{sub 2} – coated Ti−6Al−4V alloys was significantly higher than the uncoated Ti−6Al−4V substrate due to the decrease in corrosion current density (I{sub corr}) for the coated substrate with high thin-film adhesion. Wear testing was carried out on uncoated and coated Ti−6Al−4V substrates in the presence of FBS medium under 15 N load (natural walking load) at 1.09 m/s (simulated medium walking speed). The tests revealed that the specific wear ratio of TaO{sub 2} coating was significantly lower than the uncoated substrate wear ratio. The average friction coefficients obtained were 0.183 and 0.152 for uncoated substrate and TaO{sub 2} thin film coating, respectively. So, due to the noticeable corrosion and wear resistance characteristics of the TaO{sub 2} coating, it is suggested for hip joint implant. - Highlights: • The TaO{sub 2} coating has been created onto the Ti−6Al−4V surface by using PVDMS method. • The TaO{sub 2} coating has been formed on the Ti−6Al−4V sample at the highest adhesion. • The corrosion resistance of the coated Ti−6Al−4V substrate has been improved. • The wear resistance of the coated Ti−6Al−4V substrate has been increased. • The durability

The Efficiency of Delone Coverings of the Canonical Tilings MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4) and MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6)

Science.gov (United States)

Papadopolos, Zorka; Kasner, Gerald

This chapter is devoted to the coverings of the two quasiperiodic canonical tilings MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4) and MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) equiv {cal T}(*(2F)) -> T^*(D6) T^*(2F), obtained by projection from the root lattices A4 and D6, respectively. In the first major part of this chapter, in Sect. 5.2, we shall introduce a Delone covering MATH {cal C}(s_{{cal) T}(*(A_4)}) -> C^sT^*(A4) of the 2-dimensional decagonal tiling MATH {cal T}(*(A_4)) -> T^*(A4). In the second major part of this chapter, Sect. 5.3, we summarize the results related to the Delone covering of the icosahedral tiling MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6), MATH {cal C}_{{cal T}(*(D_6)}) -> CT^*(D6) and determine the zero-, single-, and double- deckings and the resulting thickness of the covering. In the conclusions section, we give some suggestions as to how the definition of the Delone covering might be changed in order to reach some real (full) covering of the icosahedral tiling MATH {cal T}(*(D_6)) -> T^*(D6). In Section 5.2 the definition of the Delone covering is also changed in order to avoid an unnecessary large thickness of the covering.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of direct metal laser sintered TI-6AL-4V

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Becker, Thorsten Hermann

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS is a selective laser melting (SLM manufacturing process that can produce near net shape parts from metallic powders. A range of materials are suitable for SLM; they include various metals such as titanium, steel, aluminium, and cobalt-chrome alloys. This paper forms part of a research drive that aims to evaluate the material performance of the SLM-manufactured metals. It presents DMLS-produced Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy often used in biomedical and aerospace applications. This paper also studies the effect of several heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V processed by SLM. It reports the achievable mechanical properties of the alloy, including quasi-static, crack growth behaviour, density and porosity distribution, and post-processing using various heat-treatment conditions.

Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Laser Synthesized Cobalt Based Powder on Ti-6Al-4V

Science.gov (United States)

Adesina, O. S.; Popoola, A. P. I.; Pityana, S. L.; Oloruntoba, D. T.

2018-05-01

The corrosion behavior of titanium alloys when used for various dynamic offshore components has been a major concern of titanium drilling risers in deepwater energy extraction. A way of achieving specified requirement is the development of coatings suitable to protect the base material against corrosion. In this work, laser cladding technique which is known as a leading edge due to its distinctive properties and outcomes was used in synthesizing Co-based powder on titanium alloy. The processing parameters used were laser power of 900W; scan speed of 0.6 to 1.2 m/min; powderfeedrate1.0g/min;beamspotsize3mm;gasflowrate1.2L/min.The effects of cobalt addition and laser parameters on corrosion behavior of laser clad Ti6AL4V coating in 0.5M sulfuric medium were investigated using linear potentiodynamic polarization. The changes in microstructure and corrosion behavior were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the X –ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the intermetallics in the coatings. Results showed that the coatings displayed good metallurgical bonding with dendritic formations between the coatings and the substrate. The anodic current density increased with lower scan speed. However, the corrosion current densities of laser-clad samples were lower than Ti6Al4V alloy.

Influence of Different Substrates on Laser Induced Damage Thresholds at 1064 nm of Ta2O5 Films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng, Xu; Jian-Yong, Ma; Yun-Xia, Jin; Hong-Bo, He; Jian-Da, Shao; Zheng-Xiu, Fan

2008-01-01

Ta 2 O 5 films are prepared on Si, BK7, fused silica, antireflection (AR) and high reflector (HR) substrates by electron beam evaporation method, respectively. Both the optical property and laser induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) at 1064 nm of Ta 2 O 5 films on different substrates are investigated before and after annealing at 673K for 12 h. It is shown that annealing increases the refractive index and decreases the extinction index, and improves the O/Ta ratio of the Ta 2 O 5 films from 2.42 to 2.50. Moreover, the results show that the LIDTs of the Ta 2 O 5 films are mainly correlated with three parameters: substrate property, substoichiometry defect in the films and impurity defect at the interface between the substrate and the films. Details of the laser induced damage models in different cases are discussed

La France au Tsar : chanson patriotique créée par Marius Richard à la Scala, Henri Helme à Ba-ta-clan [illustration couleurs Donjean

OpenAIRE

François Bigot Éditeur , .; Daphy , Éliane

2010-01-01

La France au Tsar : chanson patriotique créée par Marius Richard à la Scala, Henri Helme à Ba-ta-clan ; paroles de Lucien Colonge, Musique de J. Claudel. [Illustration couleurs signée] Donjean. A la chanson populaire, Maison Bigot éditeur (sans cotage, sans ©, datation recherche en cours). Titre inconnu du catalogue BNF. Datation provisoire par année de dépôt médihal (2010)

Peculiarities of single track formation from TI6AL4V alloy at different laser power densities by selective laser melting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yadroitsava, I.

2015-11-01

Full Text Available This paper describes the geometrical characteristics of single tracks manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM at different laser powers (20-170 W and scanning speeds (0.1-2.0 m/s. Simulation of temperature distribution during processing is carried out. A conclusion about the optimal process parameters and peculiarities of selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy at low and high laser powers and scanning speeds is reached. The analysis of temperature fields creates opportunities to build parts with the desired properties by using SLM.

Phase relationships in the BaO-Ga2O3-Ta2O5 system and the structure of Ba6Ga21TaO40.

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Jiang; Yu, Xiaodi; Kuang, Xiaojun; Su, Qiang

2012-07-16

Phase relationships in the BaO-Ga(2)O(3)-Ta(2)O(5) ternary system at 1200 °C were determined. The A(6)B(10)O(30) tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) related solution in the BaO-Ta(2)O(5) subsystem dissolved up to ~11 mol % Ga(2)O(3), forming a ternary trapezoid-shaped TTB-related solid solution region defined by the BaTa(2)O(6), Ba(1.1)Ta(5)O(13.6), Ba(1.58)Ga(0.92)Ta(4.08)O(13.16), and Ba(6)GaTa(9)O(30) compositions in the BaO-Ga(2)O(3)-Ta(2)O(5) system. Two ternary phases Ba(6)Ga(21)TaO(40) and eight-layer twinned hexagonal perovskite solid solution Ba(8)Ga(4-x)Ta(4+0.6x)O(24) were confirmed in the BaO-Ga(2)O(3)-Ta(2)O(5) system. Ba(6)Ga(21)TaO(40) crystallized in a monoclinic cell of a = 15.9130(2) Å, b = 11.7309(1) Å, c = 5.13593(6) Å, β = 107.7893(9)°, and Z = 1 in space group C2/m. The structure of Ba(6)Ga(21)TaO(40) was solved by the charge flipping method, and it represents a three-dimensional (3D) mixed GaO(4) tetrahedral and GaO(6)/TaO(6) octahedral framework, forming mixed 1D 5/6-fold tunnels that accommodate the Ba cations along the c axis. The electrical property of Ba(6)Ga(21)TaO(40) was characterized by using ac impedance spectroscopy.

Compounds of the type Ba/sub 3/Bsup(II)M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 9/ with Bsup(II) = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S; Thumm, I; Herrmann, M [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1981-08-01

The hexagonal perovskites Ba/sub 3/Bsup(II)M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 9/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) crystallize with Bsup(II) = Mg, Ca in a 3 L structure (sequence (c)/sub 3/) and Bsup(II) = Sr in the hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ type (6 L; sequence (hcc)/sub 2/) with an 1:2 order for the B and M ions. Intensity calculations for Ba/sub 3/SrNb/sub 2/O/sub 9/ and Ba/sub 3/SrTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ gave in the space group P6/sub 3//mmc a refined, intensity related R' value of 8.4% (Nb) and 9.0% (Ta) respectively. For Bsup(II) = Ba the perovskite Ba/sub 3/BaTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ has an orthorhombic distorted 6 L structure and forms with Ba/sub 3/SrTa/sub 2/O/sub 9/ a continuous series of mixed crystals (Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-x)Basub(x)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/). In the system Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-x)Basub(x)Nb/sub 2/O/sub 9/ the range of existence of the hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ type is confined to the Sr richer end. The pure Ba compound posesses a proper structure type (5 L: Ba/sub 5/BaNb/sub 3/vacantOsub(13.5)vacantsub(1.5)).

MoNbTaV Medium-Entropy Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hongwei Yao

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Guided by CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams modeling, the refractory medium-entropy alloy MoNbTaV was synthesized by vacuum arc melting under a high-purity argon atmosphere. A body-centered cubic solid solution phase was experimentally confirmed in the as-cast ingot using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The measured lattice parameter of the alloy (3.208 Å obeys the rule of mixtures (ROM, but the Vickers microhardness (4.95 GPa and the yield strength (1.5 GPa are about 4.5 and 4.6 times those estimated from the ROM, respectively. Using a simple model on solid solution strengthening predicts a yield strength of approximately 1.5 GPa. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the total entropy of the alloy is more than three times the configurational entropy at room temperature, and the entropy of mixing exhibits a small negative departure from ideal mixing.

Determination of the enthalpy of fusion of K{sub 3}TaF{sub 8} and K{sub 3}TaOF{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kosa, L. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava (Slovakia)]. E-mail: uachkosa@savba.sk; Mackova, I. [Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava (Slovakia)

2006-08-15

The areas of the fusion and crystallization peaks of K{sub 3}TaF{sub 8} and K{sub 3}TaOF{sub 6} have been measured using the DSC mode of the high-temperature calorimeter (SETARAM 1800 K). On the basis of these quantities and the temperature dependence of the used calorimetric method sensitivity, the values of the enthalpy of fusion of K{sub 3}TaF{sub 8} at temperature of fusion 1039 K: {delta}{sub fus} H {sub m}(K{sub 3}TaF{sub 8}; 1039 K) = (52 {+-} 2) kJ mol{sup -1} and of K{sub 3}TaOF{sub 6} at temperature of fusion 1055 K: {delta}{sub fus} H {sub m}(K{sub 3}TaOF{sub 6}; 1055 K) = (62 {+-} 3) kJ mol{sup -1} have been determined.

Microstructure and deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by high-power laser solid forming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ren, Y.M.; Lin, X.; Fu, X.; Tan, H.; Chen, J.; Huang, W.D.

2017-01-01

This work investigated the microstructure and tensile deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated using a high-power laser solid forming (LSF) additive manufacturing. The results show that the post-fabricated heat-treated microstructure consists of coarse columnar prior-β grains (630–1000 μm wide) and α-laths (5–9 μm) under different scanning velocities (900 and 1500 mm/min), which caused large elongation (∼18%) superior to the conventional laser additive manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The deformation behavior of the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated using in situ tensile test scanning electron microscopy. The results show that shear-bands appeared along the α/β interface and slip-bands occurred within the α-laths, which lead to cracks decaying in a zigzag-pattern in the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy with basket-weave microstructure. These results demonstrate that the small columnar prior-β grains and fine basket-weave microstructure exhibiting more α/β interfaces and α-laths can disperse the load and resist the deformation in the LSF Ti-6Al-4V components. In addition, a modified microstructure selection map of the LSF Ti-6Al-4V alloy was established, which can reasonably predict the microstructure evolution and relative grain size in the LSF process.

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V surfaces texturized by laser engraving

Science.gov (United States)

Sandoval Amador, A.; Carreño Garcia, H.; Escobar Rivero, P.; Peña Ballesteros, D. Y.; Estupiñán Duran, H. A.

2016-02-01

The cell adhesion of the implant is determinate by the chemical composition, topography, wettability, surface energy and biocompatibility of the biomaterial. In this work the interaction between human osteosarcoma HOS cells and textured Ti6Al4V surfaces were evaluated. Ti6Al4V surfaces were textured using a CO2 laser in order to obtain circular spots on the surfaces. Test surfaces were uncoated (C1) used as a control surface, and surfaces with points obtained by laser engraving, with 1mm spacing (C2) and 0.5mm (C3). The HOS cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. No cells toxicity after one month incubation time occurred. The increased cell adhesion and cell spreading was observed after 1, 3 and 5 days without significant differences between the sample surfaces (C2 and C3) and control (uncoated) at the end of the experiment.

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V surfaces texturized by laser engraving

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sandoval Amador, A; Carreño Garcia, H; Escobar Rivero, P; Peña Ballesteros, D Y; Estupiñán Duran, H A

2016-01-01

The cell adhesion of the implant is determinate by the chemical composition, topography, wettability, surface energy and biocompatibility of the biomaterial. In this work the interaction between human osteosarcoma HOS cells and textured Ti 6 Al 4 V surfaces were evaluated. Ti 6 Al 4 V surfaces were textured using a CO 2 laser in order to obtain circular spots on the surfaces. Test surfaces were uncoated (C1) used as a control surface, and surfaces with points obtained by laser engraving, with 1mm spacing (C2) and 0.5mm (C3). The HOS cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. No cells toxicity after one month incubation time occurred. The increased cell adhesion and cell spreading was observed after 1, 3 and 5 days without significant differences between the sample surfaces (C2 and C3) and control (uncoated) at the end of the experiment. (paper)

NbTaV-(Ti,W) refractory high-entropy alloys: Experiments and modeling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yao, H.W. [Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024 (China); Qiao, J.W., E-mail: qiaojunwei@gmail.com [Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024 (China); Gao, M.C., E-mail: michael.gao@netl.doe.gov [National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 (United States); AECOM, P.O. Box 1959, Albany, OR 97321 (United States); Hawk, J.A. [National Energy Technology Laboratory, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 (United States); Ma, S.G. [Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024 (China); Zhou, H.F. [Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024 (China); Zhang, Y. [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China)

2016-09-30

This study reports the design and development of ductile and strong refractory single-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for high temperature applications, based on NbTaV with addition of Ti and W. Assisted by CALPHAD modeling, a single body-centered cubic solid solution phase was experimentally confirmed in the as-cast ingots using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The observed elemental segregation in each alloy qualitatively agrees with CALPHAD prediction. The Vickers microhardnesses (and yield strengths) of the alloys are about 3 (and 3.5–4.4) times that those estimated from the rule of mixture. While NbTaTiVW shows an impressive yield strength of 1420 MPa with fracture strain of 20%, NbTaTiV exhibits exceptional compressive ductility at room temperature.

Exploration of microstructure and wear behaviour of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V/Cu composites

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Erinosho, MF

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the explorations conducted on the evolving microstructures and the dry sliding wear of the laser deposited Ti6Al4V/Cu composites. The laser powers between 1300 W and 1600 W; scanning speeds between 0.30 and 0.72 m/min were...

Efficient laser-induced 6-8 keV x-ray production from iron oxide aerogel and foil-lined cavity targets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pérez, F.; Kay, J. J.; Patterson, J. R.; Kane, J.; Villette, B.; Girard, F.; Reverdin, C.; May, M.; Emig, J.; Sorce, C.; Colvin, J.; Gammon, S.; Jaquez, J.; Satcher, J. H.; Fournier, K. B.

2012-08-01

The performance of new iron-based laser-driven x-ray sources has been tested at the OMEGA laser facility for production of x rays in the 6.5–8.5 keV range. Two types of targets were experimentally investigated: low-density iron oxide aerogels (density 6-16 mg/cm36-16 mg/cm3) and stainless steel foil-lined cavity targets (steel thickness 1-5 μm1-5 μm). The targets were irradiated by 40 beams of the OMEGA laser (500 J/beam, 1 ns pulse, wavelength 351 nm). All targets showed good coupling with the laser, with <5%<5% of the incident laser light backscattered by the resulting plasma in all cases (typically <2.5%<2.5%). The aerogel targets produced Te=2Te=2 to 3 keV, ne=0.12-0.2ne=0.12-0.2 critical density plasmas yielding a 40%–60% laser-to-x-ray total conversion efficiency (CE) (1.2%–3% in the Fe K-shell range). The foil cavity targets produced Te~2 keV, T_e~2 keV, n_e~0.15ne~0.15 critical density plasmas yielding a 60%–75% conversion efficiency (1.6%–2.2% in the Fe K-shell range). Time-resolved images illustrate that the volumetric heating of low-density aerogels allow them to emit a higher K-shell x-ray yield even though they contain fewer Fe atoms. However, their challenging fabrication process leads to a larger shot-to-shot variation than cavity targets.

On the ex situ and in situ doping of refractory Ta by pulsed laser ablation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lin, Y.L.; Lin, S.S.; Shen, P. [National Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China); Chen, S. [I-Shou University, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (China)

2017-06-15

Ex situ and in situ doping processes of refractory Ta were accomplished by pulsed laser ablation of bulk Ta in vacuum with C-O-H supply from C-coated collodion film and within tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), respectively. Analytical electron microscopic observations of the resultant particulates and condensates indicated that the former process involved interdiffusion in the condensed state to form two kinds of core-shell structures, i.e., C-O-H doped Ta with α-type (bcc) core and lamellar shell and O-H doped γ-TaC{sub 1-x} with amorphous Ta-C-O-H surrounding, respectively, for potential wear and lubrication applications at high temperatures. In situ TEOS mediation, however, enhanced solute trapping to form Si-C-O-H overdoped α-Ta with significant tetragonality (c/a ratio up to 1.27) and Si-O-H doped γ-TaC{sub 1-x} with {111}{sub γ} twin/fault and occasional epitaxial relationship [ anti 123]{sub α}//[ anti 112]{sub γ}; (121){sub α}//(anti 11 anti 1){sub γ} due to particle coalescence. Such Si-C-O-H mediated Ta particles may have potential optocatalytic applications. (orig.)

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 25. Hexagonal 5 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-12-01

In the systems BaO-M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 5/-WO/sub 3/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) a new phase Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with hexagonal 5 L structure (sequence hhccc; space group P-3m1) could be prepared. The range of existence is restricted to Msup(V) containing compounds. With Msup(V) = Nb the lower phase boundary is x = 3. In the Ta system it is reached between x = 2 and 3; the pure Ta pervoskite (Ba:Ta:O = 6:3:13 1/2 = 4:2:9) represents the final member of the series Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-y)Basub(y)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ with y = 1.

High output power of differently cut Nd:MgO:LiTaO3 CW lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, D. H.; Liu, S. D.; Wang, D. Z.; Sang, Y. H.; Kang, X. L.; Liu, H.; Bi, Y.; Yan, B. X.; He, J. L.; Wang, J. Y.

2013-04-01

A high-quality Nd3+ and Mg2+ co-doped LiTaO3 (Nd:MgO:LT) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The polarized absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were studied, and the absorption cross section was calculated by Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The laser performance with different sample cuts of the crystal was investigated for the first time, and it was found that Nd:MgO:LT crystal with different cutting directions (a and c) exhibits different laser properties. By optimizing a partial reflectivity mirror in the laser experimental setting, a high continuous wave output power of 3.58 W was obtained at 1092 and 1076 nm with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.78% and slope efficiency of 26.06%. The results indicate that Nd:MgO:LT crystal is a promising candidate for the manufacture of Nd3+ doped periodically poled MgO:LiTaO3 crystal (Nd:PPMgOLT), which should have considerable applications in self-frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation laser devices.

High output power of differently cut Nd:MgO:LiTaO3 CW lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, D H; Liu, S D; Wang, D Z; Sang, Y H; Kang, X L; Liu, H; He, J L; Wang, J Y; Bi, Y; Yan, B X

2013-01-01

A high-quality Nd 3+ and Mg 2+ co-doped LiTaO 3 (Nd:MgO:LT) crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The polarized absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra were studied, and the absorption cross section was calculated by Judd–Ofelt (J–O) theory. The laser performance with different sample cuts of the crystal was investigated for the first time, and it was found that Nd:MgO:LT crystal with different cutting directions (a and c) exhibits different laser properties. By optimizing a partial reflectivity mirror in the laser experimental setting, a high continuous wave output power of 3.58 W was obtained at 1092 and 1076 nm with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.78% and slope efficiency of 26.06%. The results indicate that Nd:MgO:LT crystal is a promising candidate for the manufacture of Nd 3+ doped periodically poled MgO:LiTaO 3 crystal (Nd:PPMgOLT), which should have considerable applications in self-frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation laser devices. (paper)

The structure of dodecagonal (Ta,V){sub 1.6}Te imaged by phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krumeich, F., E-mail: krumeich@inorg.chem.ethz.ch [Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Mueller, E.; Wepf, R.A. [Electron Microscopy ETH Zurich (EMEZ), Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland); Conrad, M.; Reich, C.; Harbrecht, B. [Department of Chemistry and Centre of Materials Science, Philipps-Universitaet, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg (Germany); Nesper, R. [Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)

2012-10-15

While HRTEM is the well-established method to characterize the structure of dodecagonal tantalum (vanadium) telluride quasicrystals and their periodic approximants, phase-contrast imaging performed on an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) represents a favorable alternative. The (Ta,V){sub 151}Te{sub 74} clusters, the basic structural unit in all these phases, can be visualized with high resolution. A dependence of the image contrast on defocus and specimen thickness has been observed. In thin areas, the projected crystal potential is basically imaged with either dark or bright contrast at two defocus values close to Scherzer defocus as confirmed by image simulations utilizing the principle of reciprocity. Models for square-triangle tilings describing the arrangement of the basic clusters can be derived from such images. - Graphical abstract: PC-STEM image of a (Ta,V){sub 151}Te{sub 74} cluster. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer C{sub s}-corrected STEM is applied for the characterization of dodecagonal quasicrystals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The projected potential of the structure is mirrored in the images. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phase-contrast STEM imaging depends on defocus and thickness. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For simulations of phase-contrast STEM images, the reciprocity theorem is applicable.

Influence of additions of nanoparticles TaC on a microstructure laser cladding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murzakov, M A; Petrovskiy, V N; Polski, V I; Mironov, V D; Prokopova, N M; Tret'yakov, E V

2015-01-01

The features of a laser cladding of nickel-based powders with TaC nanopowder additives have been experimentally investigated. The minimum depth of pro-melting of a basis, microhardness distribution over the cross section of the substrate, and the saturation of the metal of the cladding with basis components has been determined in the experiments

Tantalum coating on porous Ti6Al4V scaffold using chemical vapor deposition and preliminary biological evaluation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Xiang, E-mail: xiangliwj@sjtu.edu.cn [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Wang, Lin [Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032 (China); Yu, Xiaoming [The Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 (China); Feng, Yafei [Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi' an, 710032 (China); Wang, Chengtao [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Yang, Ke [The Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016 (China); Su, Daniel [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai, 200240 (China)

2013-07-01

Porous tantalum (Ta), produced via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of commercially pure Ta onto a vitreous carbon, is currently available for use in orthopedic applications. However, the relatively high manufacturing cost and the incapability to produce customized implant using medical image data have limited its application to gain widespread acceptance. In this study, Ta film was deposited on porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds using CVD technique. Digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the Ta coating evenly covered the entire scaffold structure. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coating consisted of α and β phases of Ta. Goat mesenchymal stem cells were seeded and cultured on the Ti6Al4V scaffolds with and without coating. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation on Ta-coated scaffolds compared with uncoated scaffolds. The porous scaffolds were subsequently implanted in goats for 12 weeks. Histological analysis revealed similar bone formation around the periphery of the coated and uncoated implants, but bone ingrowth is better within the Ta-coated scaffolds. To demonstrate the ability of producing custom implant for clinical applications via this technology, we designed and fabricated a porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with segmental mandibular shape derived from patient computerized tomography data. - Highlights: • Ta film was coated on porous Ti6Al4V scaffold using chemical vapor deposition. • Tantalum coating allowed for higher levels of cell adhesion and proliferation. • Better new bone formation occurred inside the tantalum-coated scaffolds. • Clinical image data was integrated with EBM to fabricate customized scaffold.

Tantalum coating on porous Ti6Al4V scaffold using chemical vapor deposition and preliminary biological evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Xiang; Wang, Lin; Yu, Xiaoming; Feng, Yafei; Wang, Chengtao; Yang, Ke; Su, Daniel

2013-01-01

Porous tantalum (Ta), produced via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of commercially pure Ta onto a vitreous carbon, is currently available for use in orthopedic applications. However, the relatively high manufacturing cost and the incapability to produce customized implant using medical image data have limited its application to gain widespread acceptance. In this study, Ta film was deposited on porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds using CVD technique. Digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the Ta coating evenly covered the entire scaffold structure. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coating consisted of α and β phases of Ta. Goat mesenchymal stem cells were seeded and cultured on the Ti6Al4V scaffolds with and without coating. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay exhibited better cell adhesion and proliferation on Ta-coated scaffolds compared with uncoated scaffolds. The porous scaffolds were subsequently implanted in goats for 12 weeks. Histological analysis revealed similar bone formation around the periphery of the coated and uncoated implants, but bone ingrowth is better within the Ta-coated scaffolds. To demonstrate the ability of producing custom implant for clinical applications via this technology, we designed and fabricated a porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with segmental mandibular shape derived from patient computerized tomography data. - Highlights: • Ta film was coated on porous Ti6Al4V scaffold using chemical vapor deposition. • Tantalum coating allowed for higher levels of cell adhesion and proliferation. • Better new bone formation occurred inside the tantalum-coated scaffolds. • Clinical image data was integrated with EBM to fabricate customized scaffold

Surface chemistry of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting for biomedical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan, E-mail: Jayasheelan.Vaithilingam@nottingham.ac.uk [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Prina, Elisabetta [School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Goodridge, Ruth D.; Hague, Richard J.M. [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Edmondson, Steve [School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Rose, Felicity R.A.J. [School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Christie, Steven D.R. [Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU (United Kingdom)

2016-10-01

Selective laser melting (SLM) has previously been shown to be a viable method for fabricating biomedical implants; however, the surface chemistry of SLM fabricated parts is poorly understood. In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the surface chemistries of (a) SLM as-fabricated (SLM-AF) Ti6Al4V and (b) SLM fabricated and mechanically polished (SLM-MP) Ti6Al4V samples and compared with (c) traditionally manufactured (forged) and mechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples. The SLM–AF surface was observed to be porous with an average surface roughness (Ra) of 17.6 ± 3.7 μm. The surface chemistry of the SLM-AF was significantly different to the FGD-MP surface with respect to elemental distribution and their existence on the outermost surface. Sintered particles on the SLM-AF surface were observed to affect depth profiling of the sample due to a shadowing effect during argon ion sputtering. Surface heterogeneity was observed for all three surfaces; however, vanadium was witnessed only on the mechanically polished (SLM-MP and FGD-MP) surfaces. The direct and indirect 3T3 cell cytotoxicity studies revealed that the cells were viable on the SLM fabricated Ti6Al4V parts. The varied surface chemistry of the SLM-AF and SLM-MP did not influence the cell behaviour. - Highlights: • Surface chemistry of selective laser melted (SLM) Ti6Al4V parts was compared with conventionally forged Ti6Al4V parts. • The surface elemental compositions of the SLM as-fabricated surfaces were significantly different to the forged surface. • Surface oxide-layer of the SLM as-fabricated was thicker than the polished SLM surfaces and the forged Ti6Al4V surfaces.

Crystal growth and structure of the barium chloride nitrido-tantalate(V) Ba_3Cl_2TaN_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blaschkowski, Bjoern; Duerr, Oliver; Reckeweg, Olaf; Schleid, Thomas

2015-01-01

Transparent, light yellow single crystals of the barium chloride nitridotantalate(V) Ba_3Cl_2TaN_3 (hexagonal, P6_3cm; a = 1507.39(8) pm, c = 632.98(3) pm, c/a = 0.420; Z = 6) are obtained by the reaction of the barium azide chloride Ba(N_3)Cl or its ternary decomposition products with the container wall of arc-welded tantalum ampoules at 900 C after four days. Its crystal structure displays one-dimensional chains "1_∞{[TaN_2_/_2N_2_/_1]"4"-} consisting of corner-sharing [TaN_4]"7"- tetrahedra (d(Ta-N) = 191-200 pm), which run along [001] and arrange as hexagonal rod packing. Charge compensation of these parallel "1_∞{[TaN_3]"4"-} strands occurs via Ba"2"+ cations and Cl"- anions erecting a three-dimensional network "3_∞{[Ba_3Cl_2]"4"+} (d(Ba-Cl) = 318-339 pm) with narrow channels apt to embed the chains. Several Ba-N contacts ranging between 264 and 319 pm secure the interconnection between both structural arrays and complete the coordination numbers of the Ba"2"+ cations to seven or eight. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Manipulation of the osteoblast response to a Ti 6Al 4V titanium alloy using a high power diode laser

Science.gov (United States)

Hao, L.; Lawrence, J.; Li, L.

2005-07-01

To improve the bone integration of titanium-based implants a high power diode laser (HPDL) was used to modify the material for improved osteoblast cell response. The surface properties of un-treated and HPDL treated samples were characterized. Contact angles for the un-treated and the HPDL modified titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were determined with selected biological liquids by the sessile drop technique. The analysis revealed that the wettability of the Ti-6Al-4V improved after HPDL laser treatment, indicating that better interaction with the biological liquids occurred. Moreover, an in vitro human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB 1.19) evaluation revealed a more favourable cell response on the HPDL laser treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy than on either un-treated sample or a mechanically roughened sample. It was consequently determined that the HPDL provides more a controllable and effective technique to improve the biocompatibility of bio-metals.

Electrochemical behaviour of laser-clad Ti6Al4V with CP Ti in 0.1 M oxalic acid solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Obadele, Babatunde Abiodun, E-mail: obadele4@gmail.com [Institute for NanoEngineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Olubambi, Peter A. [Institute for NanoEngineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Andrews, Anthony [Institute for NanoEngineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Department of Materials Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (Ghana); Pityana, Sisa [Institute for NanoEngineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); National Laser Center, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria (South Africa); Mathew, Mathew T. [Institute for NanoEngineering Research, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria (South Africa); Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 (United States)

2015-10-15

The relationship between the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy and laser-clad commercially pure (CP) Ti coating was investigated. The microstructure, phases and properties of the clad layers were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Electrochemical measurement techniques including open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarisation were used to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy in 0.1 M oxalic acid solution and the results compared to the behaviour of laser-clad CP Ti at varying laser scan speed. Results showed that laser-clad CP Ti at scan speed of 0.4 m/min formed a good cladding layer without defects such as cracks and pores. The phase present in the cladding layer was mostly α′-Ti. The microstructures of the clad layer were needle like acicular/widmanstätten α. An improvement in the microhardness values was also recorded. Although the corrosion potentials of the laser-clad samples were less noble than Ti6Al4V alloy, the polarisation measurement showed that the anodic current density was lower and also increases with increasing laser scanning speed. - Highlights: • The microstructure and corrosion behaviour of laser-clad CP Ti was investigated. • Laser-clad CP Ti 0.4 m/min scan speed gave a good coating without cracks and pores. • The phase present in the clad layer was mostly α′-Ti. • An improvement in the microhardness values was also recorded. • Anodic current density for coatings increases with increasing laser scan speed.

Electrochemical behaviour of laser-clad Ti6Al4V with CP Ti in 0.1 M oxalic acid solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obadele, Babatunde Abiodun; Olubambi, Peter A.; Andrews, Anthony; Pityana, Sisa; Mathew, Mathew T.

2015-01-01

The relationship between the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy and laser-clad commercially pure (CP) Ti coating was investigated. The microstructure, phases and properties of the clad layers were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Electrochemical measurement techniques including open circuit potential (OCP) and potentiodynamic polarisation were used to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy in 0.1 M oxalic acid solution and the results compared to the behaviour of laser-clad CP Ti at varying laser scan speed. Results showed that laser-clad CP Ti at scan speed of 0.4 m/min formed a good cladding layer without defects such as cracks and pores. The phase present in the cladding layer was mostly α′-Ti. The microstructures of the clad layer were needle like acicular/widmanstätten α. An improvement in the microhardness values was also recorded. Although the corrosion potentials of the laser-clad samples were less noble than Ti6Al4V alloy, the polarisation measurement showed that the anodic current density was lower and also increases with increasing laser scanning speed. - Highlights: • The microstructure and corrosion behaviour of laser-clad CP Ti was investigated. • Laser-clad CP Ti 0.4 m/min scan speed gave a good coating without cracks and pores. • The phase present in the clad layer was mostly α′-Ti. • An improvement in the microhardness values was also recorded. • Anodic current density for coatings increases with increasing laser scan speed

Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdTaO4 laser based on tungsten disulfide nanosheets saturable absorber at 1066 nm

Science.gov (United States)

Li, M. X.; Jin, G. Y.; Li, Y.

2018-05-01

In this paper, we investigated the passively Q-switched Nd:GdTaO4 laser based on tungsten disulfide (WS2) saturable absorber (SA). The preparation method of WS2 SA was to attach the WS2-alcohol dispersion onto the quartz substrates. The diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdTaO4 laser operated at a central wavelength of 1066 nm. The stable pulse output could be obtained at the single pulse width of 560 ns. In a word, WS2 seems to be a suitable saturable absorber for solid state lasers.

Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V with various carbide powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Folkes, J.A.; Shibata, K.

1994-01-01

Laser cladding Ti-6Al-4V can be achieved with various weight percentages of different carbide powders. The microstructure and morphology of the clad layer is determined by the cladding powder composition, for a given set of laser parameters, such that 10 and 20 wt% Cr 3 C 2 results in a β + TiC clad microstructure; 10 and 20 wt% WC results in an α + TiC clad microstructure (plus some original WC); and Mo 2 C gives an α + β + TiC or β + TiC structure, depending on the weight percentage of Mo 2 C. The morphology of the TiC in all cases is dendritic or feathery, depending on the carbide content. The microstructure observed in all cases agreed well with that theoretically predicted from the energetics of carbide formation and β-stabilizing properties of each element

Microstructural characterisation of metallic shot peened and laser shock peened Ti–6Al–4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lainé, Steven J.; Knowles, Kevin M.; Doorbar, Phillip J.; Cutts, Richard D.; Rugg, David

2017-01-01

A detailed analysis has been conducted of Ti–6Al–4V processed by metallic shot peening and laser shock peening. Analysis by incremental hole drilling, electron backscattered diffraction microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and transmission Kikuchi diffraction microscopy is evaluated and discussed. The results of this analysis highlight the very different dislocation structures in surfaces processed by these two techniques. Transmission Kikuchi diffraction also has been used to evaluate sub-grains generated by laser shock peening. A notable feature of material processed by laser shock peening is the almost complete absence of deformation twinning, contrasting with the frequent observation of extensive deformation twinning observed in the material processed by metallic shot peening.

Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Sayed Ali, Samar Reda; Hussein, Abdel Hamid Ahmed; Nofal, Adel Abdel Menam Saleh; Elgazzar, Haytham Abdelrafea; Sabour, Hassan Abdel

2017-01-01

Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm−2. An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times. PMID:29036935

Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Sayed Ali, Samar Reda; Hussein, Abdel Hamid Ahmed; Nofal, Adel Abdel Menam Saleh; Hasseb Elnaby, Salah Elden Ibrahim; Elgazzar, Haytham Abdelrafea; Sabour, Hassan Abdel

2017-10-15

Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β) titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC) and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm -2 . An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times.

Nanomechanical properties, wear resistance and in-vitro characterization of Ta2O5 nanotubes coating on biomedical grade Ti-6Al-4V.

Science.gov (United States)

Sarraf, Masoud; Razak, Bushroa Abdul; Nasiri-Tabrizi, Bahman; Dabbagh, Ali; Kasim, Noor Hayaty Abu; Basirun, Wan Jefrey; Bin Sulaiman, Eshamsul

2017-02-01

Tantalum pentoxide nanotubes (Ta 2 O 5 NTs) can dramatically raise the biological functions of different kinds of cells, thus have promising applications in biomedical fields. In this study, Ta 2 O 5 NTs were prepared on biomedical grade Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti64) via physical vapor deposition (PVD) and a successive two-step anodization in H 2 SO 4 : HF (99:1)+5% EG electrolyte at a constant potential of 15V. To improve the adhesion of nanotubular array coating on Ti64, heat treatment was carried out at 450°C for 1h under atmospheric pressure with a heating/cooling rate of 1°Cmin - 1 . The surface topography and composition of the nanostructured coatings were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS), to gather information about the corrosion behavior, wear resistance and bioactivity in simulated body fluids (SBF). From the nanoindentation experiments, the Young's modulus and hardness of the 5min anodized sample were ~ 135 and 6GPa, but increased to ~ 160 and 7.5GPa, respectively, after annealing at 450°C. It was shown that the corrosion resistance of Ti64 plates with nanotubular surface modification was higher than that of the bare substrate, where the 450°C annealed specimen revealed the highest corrosion protection efficiency (99%). Results from the SBF tests showed that a bone-like apatite layer was formed on nanotubular array coating, as early as the first day of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating the importance of nanotubular configuration on the in-vitro bioactivity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ion-Exchange Reaction Of A-Site In A2Ta2O6 Pyrochlore Crystal Structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matsunami M.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Na+ or K+ ion rechargeable battery is started to garner attention recently in Place of Li+ ion cell. It is important that A+ site ion can move in and out the positive-electrode materials. When K2Ta2O6 powder had a pyrochlore structure was only dipped into NaOH aqueous solution at room temperature, Na2Ta2O6 was obtained. K2Ta2O6 was fabricated from a tantalum sheet by a hydrothermal synthesize with KOH aqueous solution. When Na2Ta2O6 was dipped into KOH aqueous solution, K2Ta2O6 was obtained again. If KTaO3 had a perovskite structure was dipped, Ion-exchange was not observed by XRD. Because a lattice constant of pyrochlore structure of K-Ta-O system is bigger than perovskite, K+ or Na+ ion could shinny through and exchange between Ta5+ and O2− ion site in a pyrochlore structure. K+ or Na+ ion exchange of A2Ta2O6 pyrochlore had reversibility. Therefore, A2Ta2O6 had a pyrochlore structure can be expected such as Na+ ion rechargeable battery element.

Dry sliding wear behavior of laser clad TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings on Ti–6Al–4V substrate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Can; Zhang, Yongzhong; Vilar, Rui; Shen, Jianyun

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings were obtained on Ti–6Al–4V by laser cladding. ► (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 forms because the formation is accompanied of large variation on enthalpy. ► Wear resistance of Ti–6Al–4V is improved by laser cladding with TiVCrAlSi. ► The wear mechanism is investigated. -- Abstract: Approximately equimolar ratio TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings has been deposited by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The analysis of the microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses show that TiVCrAlSi coating is composed of precipitates of (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 dispersed in a body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix. Intermetallic compound (Ti,V) 5 Si 3 forms because the formation is accompanied by larger variation on enthalpy, which may offset the entropy term. The dry sliding wear tests show that the wear resistance of Ti–6Al–4V is improved by laser cladding with TiVCrAlSi. The enhancement of the wear resistance is explained by the presence of the hard silicide phase dispersed in a relatively ductile BCC matrix, which allows sliding wear to occur in the mild oxidative regime for a wide range of testing conditions.

Energy-beam processing studies on Ta/U and Ir/Ta systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaufmann, E.N.; Peercy, P.S.; Jacobson, D.C.; Draper, C.W.; Huegel, F.J.; Echer, C.J.; Makowiecki, D.M.; Balser, J.D.

1983-01-01

Films of Ta metal on uranium and of Ir metal on tantalum have been irradiated and melted by pulses from Q-switched Ruby and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers to investigate the nature of the resulting mixtures in light of the very different binary-phase diagrams of the two systems. In addition, a two-phase Ir-Ta alloy has been surface-processed with CW CO 2 -laser radiation and with an electron beam in order to study microstructure refinement and test the advantage of using alloys as opposed to film-on-substrate combinations for the development of claddings

Výzkum a vývoj přípravy a hodnocení anodické vrstvy na titanové slitině Ti6Al4V

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gabor, R.; Vlčková, I.; Malaník, K.; Michenka, V.; Marvan, J.; Doubková, Martina; Pařízek, Martin; Bačáková, Lucie

2015-01-01

Roč. 68, č. 6 (2015), s. 84-92 ISSN 0018-8069 R&D Projects: GA TA ČR(CZ) TA04011214 Institutional support: RVO:67985823 Keywords : anodic oxidation * electrochemical process * electrolyte * surface modification * Ti6Al4V alloy * oxide layer * mechanical pretreatment Subject RIV: EI - Biotechnology ; Bionics

Further Investigation Into the Use of Laser Surface Preparation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Adhesive Bonding

Science.gov (United States)

Palmieri, Frank L.; Crow, Allison; Zetterberg, Anna; Hopkins, John; Wohl, Christopher J.; Connell, John W.; Belcher, Tony; Blohowiak, Kay Y.

2014-01-01

Adhesive bonding offers many advantages over mechanical fastening, but requires robust materials and processing methodologies before it can be incorporated in primary structures for aerospace applications. Surface preparation is widely recognized as one of the key steps to producing robust and predictable bonds. This report documents an ongoing investigation of a surface preparation technique based on Nd:YAG laser ablation as a replacement for the chemical etch and/or abrasive processes currently applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Laser ablation imparts both topographical and chemical changes to a surface that can lead to increased bond durability. A laser based process provides an alternative to chemical-immersion, manual abrasion, and grit blast process steps which are expensive, hazardous, environmentally unfriendly, and less precise. In addition, laser ablation is amenable to process automation, which can improve reproducibility to meet quality standards for surface preparation. An update on work involving adhesive property testing, surface characterization, surface stability, and the effect of laser surface treatment on fatigue behavior is presented. Based on the tests conducted, laser surface treatment is a viable replacement for the immersion chemical surface treatment processes. Testing also showed that the fatigue behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy is comparable for surfaces treated with either laser ablation or chemical surface treatment.

Heat treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by Selective Laser Melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vrancken, Bey; Thijs, Lore; Kruth, Jean-Pierre; Van Humbeeck, Jan

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Responses of SLM-produced and wrought Ti6Al4V to heat treatment are compared. ► Temperature is found to be the controlling parameter for treatments in the α + β range. ► Ductility could be improved by a factor of 85%, from 7.27% to 13.59%. ► An optimal heat treatment for SLM produced Ti6Al4V is proposed. - Abstract: The present work shows that optimization of mechanical properties via heat treatment of parts produced by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is profoundly different compared to conventionally processed Ti6Al4V. In order to obtain optimal mechanical properties, specific treatments are necessary due to the specific microstructure resulting from the SLM process. SLM is an additive manufacturing technique through which components are built by selectively melting powder layers with a focused laser beam. The process is characterized by short laser-powder interaction times and localized high heat input, which leads to steep thermal gradients, rapid solidification and fast cooling. In this research, the effect of several heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V processed by SLM is studied. A comparison is made with the effect of these treatments on hot forged and subsequently mill annealed Ti6Al4V with an original equiaxed microstructure. For SLM produced parts, the original martensite α′ phase is converted to a lamellar mixture of α and β for heat treating temperatures below the β-transus (995 °C), but features of the original microstructure are maintained. Treated above the β-transus, extensive grain growth occurs and large β grains are formed which transform to lamellar α + β upon cooling. Post treating at 850 °C for 2 h, followed by furnace cooling increased the ductility of SLM parts to 12.84 ± 1.36%, compared to 7.36 ± 1.32% for as-built parts.

EUSO-TA data and simulations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisconti, Francesca [Institut fuer Kernphysik (IKP), Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (KIT) (Germany); Collaboration: JEM-EUSO-Collaboration

2016-07-01

EUSO-TA is one of the fluorescence cosmic ray detector prototypes developed by the JEM-EUSO Collaboration. The prototype has two 1 m diameter Fresnel lenses and one photo detector module (PDM) as focal surface. The PDM consists of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes from Hamamatsu. The prototype has been designed to get information about the calibration of the Fresnel lense system and the PDM, basic parts of the main space-based fluorescence detector under development. EUSO-TA is located at the Black Rock Mesa site of the Telescope Array project (Utah-USA) and works in parallel with the TA fluorescence detectors since February 2015. During its campaigns, EUSO-TA detects cosmic ray events, as well as the pulsed laser from the Central Laser Facility, necessary for the detector calibration. Also planes and stars signatures are well visible in the data, although out of the scientific purpose. The analysis of EUSO-TA data and the comparison of data with simulations will be shown.

Laser fabrication of Ag-HA nanocomposites on Ti6Al4V implant for enhancing bioactivity and antibacterial capability

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xiangmei; Man, H.C., E-mail: mfhcman@polyu.edu.hk

2017-01-01

For titanium alloy implants, both surface bioactivity and antibacterial infection are the two critical factors in determining the success of clinical implantation of these metallic implants. In the present work, a novel nanocomposite layer of nano-silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) was prepared on the surface of biomedical Ti6Al4V by laser processing. Analysis using SEM, EDS and XRD shows the formation of an Ag-HA layer of about 200 μm fusion bonded to the substrate. Mineralization tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed that laser fabricated Ag-HA nanocomposite layer favors the deposition of apatite on the surface of the implants. Antibacterial tests confirmed that all Ag-HA nanocomposite layers can kill bacteria while a higher Ag content would lower the cytocompatibility of these coatings. Cell viability decreases when the Ag content reaches 5% in these coatings, due to the larger amount of Ag leached out, as confirmed by ion release evaluation. Our results reveal that laser fabricated Ag-HA nanocomposite coatings containing 2% Ag show both excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial capability. - Highlights: • Silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) nanocomposite layer was fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser technique. • Both bioactivity and antibacterial capability were significantly enhanced compared with bare Ti6Al4V. • Ag-HA nanocomposite coatings containing 2% Ag show both excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial capability.

Laser Powder Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V α/β Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samar Reda Al-Sayed Ali

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Laser cladding process was performed on a commercial Ti-6Al-4V (α + β titanium alloy by means of tungsten carbide-nickel based alloy powder blend. Nd:YAG laser with a 2.2-KW continuous wave was used with coaxial jet nozzle coupled with a standard powder feeding system. Four-track deposition of a blended powder consisting of 60 wt % tungsten carbide (WC and 40 wt % NiCrBSi was successfully made on the alloy. The high content of the hard WC particles is intended to enhance the abrasion resistance of the titanium alloy. The goal was to create a uniform distribution of hard WC particles that is crack-free and nonporous to enhance the wear resistance of such alloy. This was achieved by changing the laser cladding parameters to reach the optimum conditions for favorable mechanical properties. The laser cladding samples were subjected to thorough microstructure examinations, microhardness and abrasion tests. Phase identification was obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD. The obtained results revealed that the best clad layers were achieved at a specific heat input value of 59.5 J·mm−2. An increase by more than three folds in the microhardness values of the clad layers was achieved and the wear resistance was improved by values reaching 400 times.

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 2 to 10 MeV protons by lithium isotopes; Diffusion elastique et inelastique des protons de 2 a 10 MeV par les isotopes du lithium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laurat, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes

1969-07-01

A description is given of the experimental set-up which has been devised for carrying out spectrometric and absolute cross-section measurements on the reactions induced by protons accelerated in a 12 MeV Van de Graaff Tandem. The particles are detected by silicon junctions; the weight of the targets (about ten {mu}g/cm{sup 2}) is determined by the quartz method. The experimental equipment has been controlled by a study of proton scattering by lithium-6, and has made it possible to evaluate the elastic and inelastic scattering (1. level excitation) by lithium 7 of 2 to 9 MeV protons. The most probable spin and parity values for the six levels of {sup 8}Be between 19 and 25 MeV excitation energy have been determined from a knowledge of the observed structure. (author) [French] Nous decrivons le dispositif experimental mis au point pour effectuer les mesures de spectrometrie et de section efficace absolue pour les reactions induites par des protons acceleres par un Van de Graaff Tandem 12 MeV. Les particules sont detectees par des jonctions au silicium, le poids des cibles (de l'ordre d'une dizaine de {mu}g/cm{sup 2}), mesure par la methode du quartz. L'ensemble de l'appareillage a ete controle par l'etude de la diffusion des protons par le lithium 6, et nous a permis de preciser les diffusions elastiques et inelastiques (excitation du 1er niveau) des protons de 2 a 9 MeV par le lithium 7. La structure observee a permis de determiner les spin et parite les plus probables de six niveaux du {sup 8}Be entre 19 et 25 MeV d'energie d'excitation. (auteur)

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 2 to 10 MeV protons by lithium isotopes; Diffusion elastique et inelastique des protons de 2 a 10 MeV par les isotopes du lithium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laurat, M. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes

1969-07-01

A description is given of the experimental set-up which has been devised for carrying out spectrometric and absolute cross-section measurements on the reactions induced by protons accelerated in a 12 MeV Van de Graaff Tandem. The particles are detected by silicon junctions; the weight of the targets (about ten {mu}g/cm{sup 2}) is determined by the quartz method. The experimental equipment has been controlled by a study of proton scattering by lithium-6, and has made it possible to evaluate the elastic and inelastic scattering (1. level excitation) by lithium 7 of 2 to 9 MeV protons. The most probable spin and parity values for the six levels of {sup 8}Be between 19 and 25 MeV excitation energy have been determined from a knowledge of the observed structure. (author) [French] Nous decrivons le dispositif experimental mis au point pour effectuer les mesures de spectrometrie et de section efficace absolue pour les reactions induites par des protons acceleres par un Van de Graaff Tandem 12 MeV. Les particules sont detectees par des jonctions au silicium, le poids des cibles (de l'ordre d'une dizaine de {mu}g/cm{sup 2}), mesure par la methode du quartz. L'ensemble de l'appareillage a ete controle par l'etude de la diffusion des protons par le lithium 6, et nous a permis de preciser les diffusions elastiques et inelastiques (excitation du 1er niveau) des protons de 2 a 9 MeV par le lithium 7. La structure observee a permis de determiner les spin et parite les plus probables de six niveaux du {sup 8}Be entre 19 et 25 MeV d'energie d'excitation. (auteur)

In vitro fibroblast and pre-osteoblastic cellular responses on laser surface modified Ti–6Al–4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chikarakara, Evans; Vázquez, Mercedes; Bagga, Komal; Brabazon, Dermot; Fitzpatrick, Patricia; Moore, Eric; Levingstone, Tanya; Grehan, Laura; Higginbotham, Clement; Naher, Sumsun

2014-01-01

The success of any implant, dental or orthopaedic, is driven by the interaction of implant material with the surrounding tissue. In this context, the nature of the implant surface plays a direct role in determining the long term stability as physico-chemical properties of the surface affect cellular attachment, expression of proteins, and finally osseointegration. Thus to enhance the degree of integration of the implant into the host tissue, various surface modification techniques are employed. In this work, laser surface melting of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V was carried out using a CO 2 laser with an argon gas atmosphere. Investigations were carried out to study the influence of laser surface modification on the biocompatibility of Ti–6Al–4V alloy implant material. Surface roughness, microhardness, and phase development were recorded. Initial knowledge of these effects on biocompatibility was gained from examination of the response of fibroblast cell lines, which was followed by examination of the response of osteoblast cell lines which is relevant to the applications of this material in bone repair. Biocompatibility with these cell lines was analysed via Resazurin cell viability assay, DNA cell attachment assay, and alamarBlue metabolic activity assay. Laser treated surfaces were found to preferentially promote cell attachment, higher levels of proliferation, and enhanced bioactivity when compared to untreated control samples. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential of this laser surface melting treatment to significantly improve the biocompatibility of titanium implants in vivo. (paper)

Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting Using a MgTa2O(6-x)N(y)/TaON Heterostructure Photocatalyst for H2 Evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shanshan; Qi, Yu; Hisatomi, Takashi; Ding, Qian; Asai, Tomohiro; Li, Zheng; Ma, Su Su Khine; Zhang, Fuxiang; Domen, Kazunari; Li, Can

2015-07-13

An (oxy)nitride-based heterostructure for powdered Z-scheme overall water splitting is presented. Compared with the single MgTa2O(6-x)N(y) or TaON photocatalyst, a MgTa2O(6-x)N(y)/TaON heterostructure fabricated by a simple one-pot nitridation route was demonstrated to effectively suppress the recombination of carriers by efficient spatial charge separation and decreased defect density. By employing Pt-loaded MgTa2O(6-x)N(y)/TaON as a H2-evolving photocatalyst, a Z-scheme overall water splitting system with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 6.8% at 420 nm was constructed (PtO(x)-WO3 and IO3(-)/I(-) pairs were used as an O2-evolving photocatalyst and a redox mediator, respectively), the activity of which is circa 7 or 360 times of that using Pt-TaON or Pt-MgTa2O(6-x)N)y) as a H2-evolving photocatalyst, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest AQE among the powdered Z-scheme overall water splitting systems ever reported. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The Possibility Of Use Of Laser-Modified Ti6Al4V Alloy In Friction Pairs In Endoprostheses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Majkowska B.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to show results of laser treatment at cryogenic conditions of the Ti6Al4V alloy used for orthopedic applications. That modification process ought to bring beneficial changes of microstructure and residual stresses in the surface layer. The paper presents the abrasive wear of the base and laser remelted material in association with ceramics Al2O3. Despite the surface cracking after laser treatment the tribological properties in simulated body fluid have been substantially improved.

Use of 14 MeV neutrons in activation analysis. Experiments carried out at the Grenoble nuclear research Centre (1963); Utilisation de neutrons de 14 MeV en analyse par activation. Experience realisee au Centre d'etudes nucleaires de Grenoble (1963)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Auboin, G; Guazzoni, P; Laverlochere, J [Commisariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

The use of 14 MeV neutron irradiation makes it possible to extend the field of application of activation analysis to elements which cannot be activated in nuclear reactors (oxygen, boron, for example) or else to consider the possibility of 'portable' measurement units for routine analyses. With this aim, tests have been carried out for studying the sensitivity and interferences in the case of the dosing of oxygen in eleven different matrices using 150 and 300 kV SAMES accelerators producing 14 MeV neutrons by the reaction {sup 3}H (d, n) {sup 4}He. The sensitivity of the dosage methods for six writer elements has also been studied. The results obtained show that, for a neutron flux of 10{sup 10} n/4{pi}, the sensitivities vary from 100 {mu}g and 1 mg for oxygen in nine matrices (Be, Ta, Nb, Ti, Zr, Fe, Al, Sb, Si) and that it is possible to dose the six elements F, B, Y, Si, N, Al with sensitivities of between 1 an 1000 micrograms. (authors) [French] L'irradiation au moyen de neutrons de 14 MeV permet d'etendre le domaine d'application de l'analyse par activation a des elements non activables en reacteur nucleaire (oxygene, bore, par exemple) ou encore d'envisager des unites de dosage ''portables'' pour des analyses de routine. Dans ce but, des essais ont ete effectues pour etudier les sensibilites et les interferences dans le cas du dosage de l'oxygene dans onze matrices differentes, au moyen d'accelerateurs SAMES 150 et 300 kV. produisant les neutrons de 14 MeV par la reaction {sup 3}H (d, n) {sup 4}He. Des sensibilites de dosage ont egalement ete etudiees pour six autres elements. Les resultats obtenus montrent que, pour un flux de neutrons de 10{sup 10} n /4{pi}, les sensibilites varient entre 100 {mu}g et 1 mg, pour l'oxygene dans neuf matrices (Be, Ta, Nb, Ti, Zr, Fe, Al, Sb, Si) et qu'il est possible de doser les six elements F, B, Y, Si, N, Al avec des sensibilites se situant entre 1 et 1000 microgrammes. (auteurs)

Electrodeposition of Al-Ta alloys in NaCl-KCl-AlCl{sub 3} molten salt containing TaCl{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, Kazuki; Matsushima, Hisayoshi; Ueda, Mikito, E-mail: mikito@eng.hokudai.ac.jp

2016-12-01

Highlights: • Electrodeposition of Al-Ta alloys in an AlCl{sub 3}-NaCl-KCl-TaCl{sub 5} melt was carried out. • We were obtained 72 at% Ta-Al alloy at 0.3 V. • Amorphous Ta-Al was formed in high Ta concentration. - Abstract: To form Al-Ta alloys for high temperature oxidation resistance components, molten salt electrolysis was carried out in an AlCl{sub 3}-NaCl-KCl melt containing TaCl{sub 5} at 423 K. The voltammogram showed two cathodic waves at 0.45 V and 0.7 V vs. Al/Al(III), which may correspond to reduction from Ta(V) to Ta(III) and from Ta(III) to tantalum metal, respectively. Electrodeposits of Al and Ta were obtained in the range from −0.05 to 0.3 V and the highest concentration of Ta in the electrodeposit was 72 at% at 0.3 V. With increasing Ta content in the alloy, the morphology of the electrodeposits became powdery and the particle size smaller.

Functionally graded Ti6Al4V and Inconel 625 by Laser Metal Deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Pulugurtha, Syamala R.

The objective of the current work was to fabricate a crack-free functionally graded Ti6Al4V and Inconel 625 thin wall structure by Laser Metal Deposition (LMD). One potential application for the current material system is the ability to fabricate a functionally graded alloy that can be used in a space heat exchanger. The two alloys, Inconel 625 and Ti6Al4V are currently used for aerospace applications. They were chosen as candidates for grading because functionally grading those combines the properties of high strength/weight ratio of Ti6Al4V and high temperature oxidation resistance of Inconel 625 into one multifunctional material for the end application. However, there were challenges associated with the presence of Ni-Ti intermetallic phases (IMPs). The study focused on several critical areas such as (1) understanding microstructural evolution, (2) reducing macroscopic cracking, and (3) reducing mixing between graded layers. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to understand the effect of process conditions on multilayer claddings for simplified material systems such as SS316L and Inconel 625 where complex microstructures did not form. The thermo-mechanical models were developed using Abaqus(TM) (and some of them experimentally verified) to predict temperature-gradients; remelt layer depths and residual stresses. Microstructure evolution along the functionally graded Ti6Al4V and Inconel 625 was studied under different processing and grading conditions. Thermodynamic modeling using Factsage (v 6.1) was used to construct phase diagrams and predict the possible equilibrium major/minor phases (verified experimentally by XRD) that may be present along the functionally graded Ti6Al4V and Inconel 625 thin wall structures.

Ti-6Al-4V Additively Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting with Superior Mechanical Properties

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, W.; Sun, S.; Elambasseril, J.; Liu, Q.; Brandt, M.; Qian, M.

2015-03-01

The Achilles' heel of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V by selective laser melting (SLM) is its inferior mechanical properties compared with its wrought (forged) counterparts. Acicular α' martensite resulted from rapid cooling by SLM is primarily responsible for high strength but inadequate tensile ductility achieved in the as-fabricated state. This study presents a solution to eliminating the adverse effect of the nonequilibrium α' martensite. This is achieved by enabling in situ martensite decomposition into a novel ultrafine (200-300 nm) lamellar ( α + β) microstructure via the selection of an array of processing variables including the layer thickness, energy density, and focal offset distance. The resulting tensile elongation reached 11.4% while the yield strength was kept above 1100 MPa. These properties compare favorably with those of mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V consisting of globular α and β. The fatigue life of SLM-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V with an ultrafine lamellar ( α + β) structure has approached that of the mill-annealed counterparts and is much superior to that of SLM-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V with α' martensite.

Superstructure Ta2O5 mesocrystals derived from (NH4)2Ta2O3F6 mesocrystals with efficient photocatalytic activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Xin; Li, Wei; Huang, Jian; Li, Zhonghua; Liu, Jiawen; Hu, PingAn

2018-02-06

Superstructured mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 nanosheets were successfully prepared from mesocrystalline (NH 4 ) 2 Ta 2 O 3 F 6 nanorods by the annealing method for the first time. The as-prepared mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 nanosheets in this work showed remarkable visible light absorption, mainly due to the formation of oxygen vacancy defects in the mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 nanosheets, which was also confirmed by XPS spectra, Raman spectra and EPR spectra. Besides, the mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 nanosheets showed a highly enhanced photocatalytic activity of 11 268.24 μmol g -1 h -1 , about 3.95 times that of commercial Ta 2 O 5 . Moreover, the specific surface area of the mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 -800 nanosheets was 16.34 m 2 g -1 , about 5.32 times that of the commercial Ta 2 O 5 (3.072 m 2 g -1 ). The valence band XPS spectra indicated a strong oxidizing ability of the mesocrystalline Ta 2 O 5 nanosheets in comparison to that of commercial Ta 2 O 5 . The formation of superstructured Ta 2 O 5 mesocrystals generated long lifetime carriers and effective conduction pathways, which greatly enhanced the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production.

Collective flows of protons and $\\pi^-$ mesons in $^{2}$H + C, Ta and He plus C, Ta collisions at 3.4 GeV/nucleon

CERN Document Server

Chkhaidze, L; Djobava, T; Kladnitskaya, E; Kharkhelauri, L; Uzhinsky, V

2011-01-01

Collective flows of protons and negative pions have been studied in (2)H + C, Ta and He + C, Ta collisions at an energy of 3.4 GeV/nucleon. The data have been obtained by the 2-m Propane Bubble Chamber (PBC-500) at JINR. It is found that the directed flow of protons and pi(-) mesons characterized by d /d(y) increases with increase of the mass numbers of colliding nucleus pairs; the elliptic proton flow points out of the reaction plane and also strengthens as the system mass increases; the negative pion directed flow is in the same reaction plane as the proton flow for the lighter (2H + C, He + C) systems and in the opposite direction for the heavier ((2)H + Ta, He + Ta) systems. In (2)H + C, He + C, C + C, C + Ne, (2)H + Ta, He + Ta, C + Cu, and C + Ta collisions, the linear dependence of directed and elliptic flow parameters from mass numbers of projectile and target nuclei, (A(P).A(T))(1/2), is similar for protons while for pi(-) mesons the dependence of directed flow parameters is stronger. The ultrarelati...

Microstructure and tensile properties of selectively laser-melted and of HIPed laser-melted Ti–6Al–4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, Chunlei; Adkins, Nicholas J.E.; Attallah, Moataz M.

2013-01-01

Ti–6Al–4V samples have been prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) with varied processing conditions. Some of the samples were stress-relieved or hot isostatically pressed (HIPed). The microstructures of all samples were characterised using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the tensile properties measured before and after HIPing. It was found that the porosity level generally decreased with increase of laser power and laser scanning speed. Horizontally built samples were found to have a higher level of porosity than vertically built samples. The as-fabricated microstructure was dominated by columnar grains and martensites. HIPing closed the majority of the pores and also fully transformed the martensite into α and β phases. The as-fabricated microstructure exhibits very high tensile strengths but poor ductility with elongation generally smaller than 10%. The horizontally built samples show even lower elongation than vertically built samples. HIPing considerably improved ductility but led to a reduction in strength. With HIPing, the SLMed samples were found to show tensile properties comparable with those thermomechanically processed and annealed samples

Experimental Study of Direct Laser Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718 by Using Pulsed Parameters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kamran Shah

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Laser direct metal deposition (LDMD has developed from a prototyping to a single metal manufacturing tool. Its potential for creating multimaterial and functionally graded structures is now beginning to be explored. This work is a first part of a study in which a single layer of Inconel 718 is deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Single layer tracks were built at a range of powder mass flow rates using a coaxial nozzle and 1.5 kW diode laser operating in both continuous and pulsed beam modes. This part of the study focused on the experimental findings during the deposition of Inconel 718 powder on Ti-6Al-4V substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed for characterization and phase identification. Residual stress measurement had been carried out to ascertain the effects of laser pulse parameters on the crack development during the deposition process.

Corrosion of Ti6Al4V pins produced by direct metal laser sintering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Damborenea, J.J. de, E-mail: jdambo@cenim.csic.es [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avenida Gregorio del Amo, 8, E-28040 Madrid (Spain); Arenas, M.A. [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avenida Gregorio del Amo, 8, E-28040 Madrid (Spain); Larosa, Maria Aparecida; Jardini, André Luiz [National Institute of Biofabrication (INCT-BIOFABRIS), State of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (Brazil); School of Chemical Engineering, State of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (Brazil); Carvalho Zavaglia, Cecília Amélia de [National Institute of Biofabrication (INCT-BIOFABRIS), State of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (Brazil); Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, State of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas (Brazil); Conde, A. [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Avenida Gregorio del Amo, 8, E-28040 Madrid (Spain)

2017-01-30

Highlights: • Pins of Ti6Al4V have been produced by DMLS technique. • Corrosion behavior of pins is similar to Ti6Al4V commercial Kirschner wires. • Formation of voluminous white oxide can appear at potentials higher than 2.4 V. • Defects originated during processing may cause this unusual behavior. - Abstract: Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique allows the manufacturing a wide variety of medical devices for any type of prosthetic surgery (HIP, dental, cranial, maxillofacial) as well as for internal fixation devices (K-Wires or Steinmann Pins). There are a large number of research studies on DMLS, including microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and those based on production quality assurance but the influence of porosity in the corrosion behavior of these materials not been sufficiently considered. In the present paper, surgical pins of Ti6Al4V have been produced by DMLS. After testing in a phosphate buffered saline solution, the surface of the titanium alloy appeared locally covered by a voluminous white oxide. This unexpected behavior was presumably due to the existence of internal defects in the pins as result of the manufacturing process. The importance of these defects—that might act as crevice nucleation sites- has been revealed by electrochemical techniques and confirmed by computed tomography.

Corrosion of Ti6Al4V pins produced by direct metal laser sintering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Damborenea, J.J. de; Arenas, M.A.; Larosa, Maria Aparecida; Jardini, André Luiz; Carvalho Zavaglia, Cecília Amélia de; Conde, A.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Pins of Ti6Al4V have been produced by DMLS technique. • Corrosion behavior of pins is similar to Ti6Al4V commercial Kirschner wires. • Formation of voluminous white oxide can appear at potentials higher than 2.4 V. • Defects originated during processing may cause this unusual behavior. - Abstract: Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique allows the manufacturing a wide variety of medical devices for any type of prosthetic surgery (HIP, dental, cranial, maxillofacial) as well as for internal fixation devices (K-Wires or Steinmann Pins). There are a large number of research studies on DMLS, including microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and those based on production quality assurance but the influence of porosity in the corrosion behavior of these materials not been sufficiently considered. In the present paper, surgical pins of Ti6Al4V have been produced by DMLS. After testing in a phosphate buffered saline solution, the surface of the titanium alloy appeared locally covered by a voluminous white oxide. This unexpected behavior was presumably due to the existence of internal defects in the pins as result of the manufacturing process. The importance of these defects—that might act as crevice nucleation sites- has been revealed by electrochemical techniques and confirmed by computed tomography.

Preparation of high laser-induced damage threshold Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, Cheng, E-mail: xucheng@cumt.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Yi, Peng; Fan, Heliang; Qi, Jianwei; Yang, Shuai; Qiang, Yinghuai; Liu, Jiongtian [School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Li, Dawei [Key Laboratory of High Power Laser Materials, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 (China)

2014-08-01

High laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} films were prepared by the sol–gel method using TaCl{sub 5} as a new precursor. The optical properties, surface morphologies, chemical composition, absorption and LIDT of the films were investigated. The results showed that the transparent and homogenous Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} films had small surface roughness, low absorption and high LIDT even with large number of layers. The maximum LIDT at 1064 nm and 12 ns of the films was 24.8 J/cm{sup 2}. The ion chromatograph and Fourier transform infrared spectrum were used to reveal the functions of the addition of H{sub 2}O{sub 2} in the sol formation. It was shown that H{sub 2}O{sub 2} had two important functions, which were the decrease of Cl element content and the rapid generation of tantalum oxide. The high LIDT achieved was mainly due to the nearly free of defects in the films.

Low elastic modulus Ti–Ta alloys for load-bearing permanent implants: Enhancing the biodegradation resistance by electrochemical surface engineering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kesteven, Jazmin [Biomaterials and Engineering Materials (BEM) Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 (Australia); Kannan, M. Bobby, E-mail: bobby.mathan@jcu.edu.au [Biomaterials and Engineering Materials (BEM) Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 (Australia); Walter, Rhys; Khakbaz, Hadis [Biomaterials and Engineering Materials (BEM) Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811 (Australia); Choe, Han-Choel [Department of Dental Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-01-01

In this study, the in vitro degradation behaviour of titanium–tantalum (Ti–Ta) alloys (10–30 wt.% Ta) was investigated and compared with conventional implant materials, i.e., commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) and titanium–aluminium–vanadium (Ti6Al4V) alloy. Among the three Ti–Ta alloys studied, the Ti20Ta (6.3 × 10{sup −4} mm/y) exhibited the lowest degradation rate, followed by Ti30Ta (1.2 × 10{sup −3} mm/y) and Ti10Ta (1.4 × 10{sup −3} mm/y). All the Ti–Ta alloys exhibited lower degradation rate than that of Cp-Ti (1.8 × 10{sup −3} mm/y), which suggests that Ta addition to Ti is beneficial. As compared to Ti6Al4V alloy (8.1 × 10{sup −4} mm/y), the degradation rate of Ti20Ta alloy was lower by ∼ 22%. However, the Ti30Ta alloy, which has closer elastic modulus to that of natural bone, showed ∼ 48% higher degradation rate than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Hence, to improve the degradation performance of Ti30Ta alloy, an intermediate thin porous layer was formed electrochemically on the alloy followed by calcium phosphate (CaP) electrodeposition. The coated Ti30Ta alloy (3.8 × 10{sup −3} mm/y) showed ∼ 53% lower degradation rate than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Thus, the study suggests that CaP coated Ti30Ta alloy can be a viable material for load-bearing permanent implants. - Highlights: • In vitro degradation of titanium–tantalum (Ti–Ta) alloys was studied. • Ta addition to Ti is beneficial for better degradation resistance. • Ti–Ta alloys perform better than commercially pure Ti. • Calcium phosphate coated Ti–Ta alloy is superior to Ti6Al4V alloy.

Chemical Concentrations in Field Mice from Open-Detonation Firing Sites TA-36 Minie and TA-39 Point 6 at Los Alamos National Laboratory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fresquez, Philip R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2011-01-01

Field mice (mostly Peromyscus spp.) were collected at two open-detonation (high explosive) firing sites - Minie at Technical Area (TA) 36 and Point 6 at TA-39 - at Los Alamos National Laboratory in August of 2010 and in February of 2011 for chemical analysis. Samples of whole body field mice from both sites were analyzed for target analyte list elements (mostly metals), dioxin/furans, polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, high explosives, and perchlorate. In addition, uranium isotopes were analyzed in a composite sample collected from TA-36 Minie. In general, all constituents, with the exception of lead at TA-39 Point 6, in whole body field mice samples collected from these two open-detonation firing sites were either not detected or they were detected below regional statistical reference levels (99% confidence level), biota dose screening levels, and/or soil ecological chemical screening levels. The amount of lead in field mice tissue collected from TA-39 Point 6 was higher than regional background, and some lead levels in the soil were higher than the ecological screening level for the field mouse; however, these levels are not expected to affect the viability of the populations over the site as a whole.

Low elastic modulus Ti-Ta alloys for load-bearing permanent implants: enhancing the biodegradation resistance by electrochemical surface engineering.

Science.gov (United States)

Kesteven, Jazmin; Kannan, M Bobby; Walter, Rhys; Khakbaz, Hadis; Choe, Han-Choel

2015-01-01

In this study, the in vitro degradation behaviour of titanium-tantalum (Ti-Ta) alloys (10-30 wt.% Ta) was investigated and compared with conventional implant materials, i.e., commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) and titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) alloy. Among the three Ti-Ta alloys studied, the Ti20Ta (6.3×10(-4) mm/y) exhibited the lowest degradation rate, followed by Ti30Ta (1.2×10(-3) mm/y) and Ti10Ta (1.4×10(-3) mm/y). All the Ti-Ta alloys exhibited lower degradation rate than that of Cp-Ti (1.8×10(-3) mm/y), which suggests that Ta addition to Ti is beneficial. As compared to Ti6Al4V alloy (8.1×10(-4) mm/y), the degradation rate of Ti20Ta alloy was lower by ~22%. However, the Ti30Ta alloy, which has closer elastic modulus to that of natural bone, showed ~48% higher degradation rate than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Hence, to improve the degradation performance of Ti30Ta alloy, an intermediate thin porous layer was formed electrochemically on the alloy followed by calcium phosphate (CaP) electrodeposition. The coated Ti30Ta alloy (3.8×10(-3) mm/y) showed ~53% lower degradation rate than that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Thus, the study suggests that CaP coated Ti30Ta alloy can be a viable material for load-bearing permanent implants. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser fabrication of Ti6Al4V/TiC composites using simultaneous powder and wire feed

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, F.; Mei, J.; Jiang, H.; Wu, X.

2007-01-01

Composites of Ti-6Al-4V containing different volume fractions of TiC were manufactured using direct laser fabrication. Ti-6Al-4V wire and TiC powder were fed into the laser with the rate of powder feed being changed so that samples containing different volume fractions of TiC could be manufactured. Optical microscopy, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterise the microstructure of these samples. The room temperature tensile properties were measured also on some selected compositions together with their Young's moduli. In addition the change in wear resistance was studied as a function of TiC volume fraction using a standard wear test. These observations are discussed in terms of the advantages and difficulties of using simultaneous wire and powder feed systems and in terms of the value of this approach in obtaining data over a wide range of compositions for such a composite

"Forest Grove School District v. T.A." Supreme Court Case: Implications for School Psychology Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Dixon, Shauna G.; Eusebio, Eleazar C.; Turton, William J.; Wright, Peter W. D.; Hale, James B.

2011-01-01

The 2009 "Forest Grove School District v. T.A." United States Supreme Court case could have significant implications for school psychology practice. The Court ruled that the parents of a student with a disability were entitled to private school tuition reimbursement even though T.A. had not been identified with a disability or previously…

Compositionally graded Ti6Al4V + TiC made by direct laser fabrication using powder and wire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, F.; Mei, J.; Wu Xinhua

2007-01-01

Ti6Al4V reinforced with TiC has been fabricated as compositionally graded material by direct laser fabrication using TiC powder and Ti6Al4V wire which were fed simultaneously into the laser focal point. The microstructure along the length of the sample has been characterised using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the composition along the length changes as expected from the imposed changes in feed rate when allowance is made for the different capture efficiency for the powder and the wire. Some unmelted TiC has been observed in regions where the TiC fraction was high, but along most of the length of the samples TiC was completely melted and formed primary TiC, eutectic TiC and secondary TiC. Some preliminary tribological properties of the compositionally graded material were obtained using a sliding wear test which showed that the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V are improved by the reinforced TiC particles with the optimum frictional behaviour being found with approximately 24 vol% of TiC

Nanocrystalline β-Ta Coating Enhances the Longevity and Bioactivity of Medical Titanium Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Linlin Liu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available A β-Ta nanocrystalline coating was engineered onto a Ti-6Al-4V substrate using a double cathode glow discharge technique to improve the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of this biomedical alloy. The new coating has a thickness of ~40 μm and exhibits a compact and homogeneous structure composed of equiaxed β-Ta grains with an average grain size of ~22 nm, which is well adhered on the substrate. Nanoindentation and scratch tests indicated that the β-Ta coating exhibited high hardness combined with good resistance to contact damage. The electrochemical behavior of the new coating was systematically investigated in Hank’s physiological solution at 37 °C. The results showed that the β-Ta coating exhibited a superior corrosion resistance as compared to uncoated Ti-6Al-4V and commercially pure tantalum, which was attributed to a stable passive film formed on the β-Ta coating. The in vitro bioactivity was studied by evaluating the apatite-forming capability of the coating after seven days of immersion in Hank’s physiological solution. The β-Ta coating showed a higher apatite-forming ability than both uncoated Ti-6Al-4V and commercially pure Ta, suggesting that the β-Ta coating has the potential to enhance functionality and increase longevity of orthopaedic implants.

Growth and properties of SrBi2TaNbO9 ferroelectric thin films using pulsed laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Pingxiong; Deng Hongmei; Shi Meirong; Tong Ziyang; Qin Sumei

2007-01-01

High quality SrBi 2 TaNbO 9 (SBTN) ferroelectric thin films were fabricated on platinized silicon by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure and ferroelectric properties of the films were characterized. Optical fatigue (light/bias) for the thin films was studied and the average remanent polarization dropped by nearly 55% due to the bias/illumination treatment. Optical properties of the thin films were studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) from the ultraviolet to the infrared region. Optical constants, n ∼ 0.16 in the infrared region and n ∼ 2.12 in the visible spectral region, were determined through refractive index functions. The band gap energy is estimated to be 3.93 eV

Qualification of Ti6Al4V ELI Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Biomedical Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Yadroitsev, I.; Krakhmalev, P.; Yadroitsava, I.; Du Plessis, A.

2018-03-01

Rectangular Ti6Al4V extralow interstitials (ELI) samples were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) in vertical and horizontal orientations relative to the build platform and subjected to various heat treatments. Detailed analyses of porosity, microstructure, residual stress, tensile properties, fatigue, and fracture surfaces were performed based on x-ray micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction methods. The types of fracture and the tensile fracture mechanisms of the LPBF Ti6Al4V ELI alloy were also studied. Detailed analysis of the microstructure and the corresponding mechanical properties were compared against standard specifications for conventional Ti6Al4V alloy for use in surgical implant applications. Conclusions regarding the mechanical properties and heat treatment of LPBF Ti6Al4V ELI for biomedical applications are made.

Crystal structure of difluorochloronium hexafluoroniobate and hexafluorotantalate, ClF2NbF6 and ClF2TaF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ehllern, A.M.; Antipin, M.Yu.; Sharabarin, A.V.; Struchkov, Yu.T.

1991-01-01

Crystal structure of ClF 2 NbF 6 (1) and ClF 2 TaF 6 (2) were investigated by the method of X-ray diffraction analysis. Salts 1 and 2 are isostructural, crystals are rhombic: a = 9.981(2) and 10.049(2), b = 5.781(1) and 5.775(1), c = 10.552(2) and 10.670(2) A, V = 608.9(3) and 619.2(3) A 3 , Z = 4, d calcd 3.058 and 3.952 g/cm 3 , sp. gr. Pcca. Both salts are characterized by ionic structure. Bond lengths and valent angles, general view of 1 crystal structure are presented

Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of Ti-Ni gradient coating on TA2 titanium alloy fabricated by laser cladding

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Fencheng; Mao, Yuqing; Lin, Xin; Zhou, Baosheng; Qian, Tao

2016-09-01

To improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of TA2 titanium alloy, a gradient Ni-Ti coating was laser cladded on the surface of the TA2 titanium alloy substrate, and the microstructure and oxidation behavior of the laser cladded coating were investigated experimentally. The gradient coating with a thickness of about 420-490 μm contains two different layers, e.g. a bright layer with coarse equiaxed grain and a dark layer with fine and columnar dendrites, and a transition layer with a thickness of about 10 μm exists between the substrate and the cladded coating. NiTi, NiTi2 and Ni3Ti intermetallic compounds are the main constructive phases of the laser cladded coating. The appearance of these phases enhances the microhardness, and the dense structure of the coating improves its oxidation resistance. The solidification procedure of the gradient coating is analyzed and different kinds of solidification processes occur due to the heat dissipation during the laser cladding process.

Continuous-wave and acousto-optically Q-switched 1066 nm laser performance of a novel Nd:GdTaO4 crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Yufei; He, Ying; Peng, Zhenfang; Sun, Haiyue; Peng, Fang; Yan, Renpeng; Li, Xudong; Yu, Xin; Zhang, Qingli; Ding, Shoujun

2018-05-01

A diode-pumped acousto-optically (AO) Q-switched 1066 nm laser with a novel Nd:GdTaO4 crystal was demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The optimization selection of output coupler was carried out in the continuous-wave (CW) operation. After that the pulsed Nd:GdTaO4 laser performances using different modulation repetition rates of 10 kHz and 20 kHz were investigated. At an absorbed pump power of 10 W and repetition rates of 10 kHz, the obtained minimum pulse width was 28 ns and the maximum peak power was 5.4 kW.

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of laser-TIG hybrid welded dissimilar joints of Ti-22Al-27Nb and TA15

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Kezhao; Lei, Zhenglong; Chen, Yanbin; Liu, Ming; Liu, Yang

2015-10-01

Laser-TIG-hybrid-welding (TIG - tungsten inert gas) process was successfully applied to investigate the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-22Al-27Nb/TA15 dissimilar joints. The HAZ of the arc zone in Ti-22Al-27Nb was characterized by three different regions: single B2, B2+α2 and B2+α2+O, while the single B2 phase region was absent in the HAZ of the laser zone. As for the HAZ in TA15 alloy, the microstructure mainly contained acicular α‧ martensites near the fusion line and partially remained the lamellar structure near the base metal. The fusion zone consisted of B2 phase due to the relatively high content of β phase stabilizing elements and fast cooling rate during the welding process. The tensile strength of the welds was higher than that of TA15 alloy because of the fully B2 microstructure in the fusion zone, and the fracture preferentially occurred on the base metal of TA15 alloy during the tensile tests at room temperature and 650 °C.

Synthesis and microstructure characterization of Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrate by laser surface alloying

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, Zhaobing; Jin, Guo; Cui, Xiufang; Liu, Zhe; Zheng, Wei; Li, Yang; Wang, Liquan

2016-01-01

Ni-Cr-Co-Ti-V-Al high-entropy alloy coating on Ti-6Al-4V was synthesized by laser surface alloying. The coating is composed of a B2 matrix and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds with few β-Ti phases. Focused ion beam technique was utilized to prepare TEM sample and TEM observations agree well with XRD and SEM results. The formation of HEA phases is due to high temperature and rapid cooling rate during laser surface alloying. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be used to predict the formation of the BCC solid solution, but they are not the strict criteria. Especially when Δχ reaches a high value (≥ 10%), BCC HEA will be partially decomposed, leading to the formation of (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compound phases. - Highlights: •Preparing HEA coating on Ti-6Al-4V by laser surface alloying is successful. •The synthesized HEA coating mainly consists of BCC HEA and (Co, Ni)Ti 2 compounds. •FIB technology was used to prepare the sample for TEM analysis. • ΔH mix , ΔS mix and δ as well as Δχ, should be all used to predict the formation of solid solution.

Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz (Federal Nuisance Protection Act). BImSchG, BImSch-Verordnungen, EMASPrivilegV, Biokraft-NachV, TA Luft, TA Laerm, USchadG, TEHG, ZuG 2012, ZuV 2012, EHVV 2012, FlugISchG, 2. FlugLSV. 29. ed.; Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz. BImSchG, BImSch-Verordnungen, EMASPrivilegV, Biokraft-NachV, TA Luft, TA Laerm, USchadG, TEHG, ZuG 2012, ZuV 2012, EHVV 2012, FlugISchG, 2. FlugLSV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansmann, Klaus (ed.)

2011-07-01

After a detailed introduction, the book goes into detail about the specifications of the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG). Also discussed are all regulations for the implementation of the BImSchG, the EMAS-Privilegierungsverordnung (privileges ordinance), the biofuels sustainibility ordinance (Biokraft-NachV), the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft) and the Technical Instructions on Noise Control (TA Laerm), the Environmental Damage Act (Umweltschadensgesetz), the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Act (Treibhausgas-Emissionshandelsgesetz), the Allocation Act (Zuteilungsgesetz 2012), the Allocation Ordinance (Zuteilungsverordnung 2012), the Auctioning Ordinance (Emissionshandels-Versteigerungsverordnung 2012), and the Aircraft Noise Act (Gesetz zum Schutz gegen Fluglaerm) and the Ordinance on Noise Protection in Airports (Flugplatz-Schallschutzmassnahmenverordnung).

Ti-6Al-4V electron beam weld qualification using laser scanning confocal microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wanjara, P.; Brochu, M.; Jahazi, M.

2005-01-01

Processing conditions for manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V components by welding using an electron beam source are known to influence the transformation microstructure in the narrow fusion and heat-affected zones of the weld region. This work examined the effect of multiple-sequence welding on the characteristics of the transformed beta microstructure, using laser scanning confocal microscopy to resolve the Widmanstaetten alpha-beta structure in the fusion zone. The evolution in the alpha interlamellar spacing and plate thickness with processing was then related to microhardness measurements in the weld region

Data related to cyclic deformation and fatigue behavior of direct laser deposited Ti–6Al–4V with and without heat treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amanda J. Sterling

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Data is presented describing the strain-controlled, fully-reversed uniaxial cyclic deformation and fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V specimens additively manufactured via Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS – a Direct Laser Deposition (DLD process. The data was collected by performing multiple fatigue tests on specimens with various microstructural states/conditions, i.e. in their ‘as-built’, annealed (below the beta transus temperature, or heat treated (above the beta transus temperature condition. Such data aids in characterizing the mechanical integrity and fatigue resistance of DLD parts. Data presented herein also allows for elucidating the strong microstructure coupling of the fatigue behavior of DLD Ti–6Al–4V, as the data trends were found to vary with material condition (i.e. as-built, annealed or heat treated [1]. This data is of interest to the additive manufacturing and fatigue scientific communities, as well as the aerospace and biomedical industries, since additively-manufactured parts cannot be reliably deployed for public use, until their mechanical properties are understood with high certainty. Keywords: Fatigue, Cyclic deformation, Additive manufacturing, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS, Ti–6Al–4V, Titanium

A comparative study of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding and TIG welding of thin Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao, Xiao-Long; Zhang, Lin-Jie; Liu, Jing; Zhang, Jian-Xun

2013-01-01

This paper reports on a study aiming at comparing properties of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy joints between pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding and traditional fusion welding. To achieve the research purpose, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm were welded using pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (LBW) and gas tungsten arc welding (TIG), respectively. Residual distortions, weld geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints produced with LBW and TIG welding were compared. During the tensile test, with the aid of a high speed infrared camera, evolution of the plastic strain within tensile specimens corresponding to LBW and TIG welding were recorded and analyzed. Compared with the TIG, the welded joint by LBW has the characters of small overall residual distortion, fine microstructure, narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ), high Vickers hardness. LBW welding method can produce joints with higher strength and ductility. It can be concluded that Pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding is much more suitable for welding the thin Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plate than TIG welding.

Tuning of tantalum alkylidene reactivity with a terdentate arylamine ligand : synthesis, structure and reactivity of [TaCl2{C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6}(CHBu-tert)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Abbenhuis, H.C.L.; Grove, D.M.; Koten, van G.; Sluijs, van der P.; Spek, A.L.

1990-01-01

The terdentate aryldiamine ligand in the aryltantalum(V) alkylidene complex [TaCl2{C6H3(CH2NMe2)2-2,6}(CHBut)] (1) controls alkylidene reactivity in a range of metal-mediated Wittig reactions. An X-ray diffraction study of (1) shows that the hexacoordinate tantalum centre has a very irregular ligand

Synthesis and characterization of Cu3TaIn3Se7 and CuTa2InTe4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calderon, E.; Munoz-Pinto, M.; Duran-Pina, S.; Quintero, M.; Quintero, E.; Morocoima, M.; Delgado, G.E.; Romero, H.; Briceno, J.M.; Fernandez, J.; Grima-Gallardo, P.

2008-01-01

Polycrystalline samples of Cu 3 TaIn 3 Se 7 and CuTa 2 InTe 4 were synthesized by the usual melt and anneal technique. X-ray powder diffraction showed a single phase behavior for both samples with tetragonal symmetry and unit cell parameter values a=5.794±0.002 A, c=11.66±0.01 A, c/a=2.01, V=391±1 A 3 and a=6.193±0.001 A, c=12.400 ±0.002A, c/a=2.00, V=475±1 A 3 , respectively. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements suggested a complicated behavior near the melting point with several thermal transitions observed in the heating and cooling runs. From the shape of the DTA peaks it was deduced that the melting is incongruent for both materials. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (zero-field cooling and field cooling) indicated an antiferromagnetic character with transition temperatures of T=70 K (Cu 3 TaIn 3 Se 7 ) and 42 K (CuTa 2 InTe 4 ). A spin-glass transition was observed in Cu 3 TaIn 3 Se 7 with T f ∼50 K. (copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Octahedral Porous Material Unit Formed by Selective Laser Melting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianfeng Sun

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The Ti-6Al-4V octahedral porous material unit is designed to calculate its load. In this paper, ANSYS is adopted for the load simulation of the unit. And a simplified model of dimensional theoretical calculation is established, by which the analytical equation of the fracture load is obtained and the calculation of the load of Ti-6Al-4V is completed. Moreover, selective laser melting is adopted in processing the Ti-6Al-4V porous material unit. The experimental value of fracture load of this material is obtained through compression experiment. The results show that the simulation curves approximate the variation tendency of the elastic deformation of the compression curves; the curves of theoretical calculation approximate the general variation tendency; and the experimental value of fracture load is very close to the theoretical value. Therefore, the theoretical prediction accuracy of fracture load is high, which lays the foundation for the mechanical properties of the octahedral porous material.

Laser surface cladding of Ti-6Al-4V on AISI 316L stainless steel for bio-implant application

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Kumar, A

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The present study concerns an in-depth investigation of the influence of laser surface cladding of Ti-6Al-4V on the microstructure (both the top surface, cross-section and interface), wear resistance, corrosion resistance and bio-activity of AISI...

Fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of direct laser deposited Ti–6Al–4V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sterling, Amanda J.; Torries, Brian [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Box 9552, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States); Shamsaei, Nima, E-mail: shamsaei@me.msstate.edu [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Box 9552, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States); Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Box 5405, , Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States); Thompson, Scott M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Box 9552, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States); Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Box 5405, , Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States); Seely, Denver W. [Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Box 5405, , Mississippi State, MS 39762 (United States)

2016-02-08

In order for additive-manufactured parts to become more widely utilized and trusted in application, it is important to have their mechanical properties well-characterized and certified. The fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of Ti–6Al–4V specimens fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS), a Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) additive manufacturing (AM) process, are investigated in this study. A series of fully-reversed strain-controlled fatigue tests is conducted on Ti–6Al–4V specimens manufactured via LENS in their as-built and heat-treated conditions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the fracture surfaces of fatigue specimens to qualify the failure mechanism, crack initiation sites, and defects such as porosity. Due to the relatively high localized heating and cooling rates experienced during DLD, fabricated parts are observed to possess anisotropic microstructures, and thus, different mechanical properties than those of their traditionally-manufactured wrought counterparts. The fatigue lives of the investigated LENS specimens were found to be shorter than those of wrought specimens, and porosity was found to be the primary contributor to these shorter fatigue lives, with the exception of the heat-treated LENS samples. The presence of pores promotes more unpredictable fatigue behavior, as evidenced by data scatter. Pore shape, size, location, and number were found to impact the fatigue behavior of the as-built and annealed DLD parts. As porosity seems to be the main contributor to the fatigue behavior of DLD parts, it is important to optimize the manufacturing process and design parameters to minimize and control pore generation during the build.

Dissimilar laser welding of AISI 316L stainless steel to Ti6–Al4–6V alloy via pure vanadium interlayer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomashchuk, I., E-mail: iryna.tomashchuk@u-bourgogne.fr; Grevey, D.; Sallamand, P.

2015-01-12

Successful continuous laser joining of AISI 316L stainless steel with Ti6Al4V titanium alloy through pure vanadium interlayer has been performed. Three welding configurations were tested: one-pass welding involving all three materials and two pass and double spot welding involving creation of two melted zones separated by remaining solid vanadium. For the most relevant welds, the investigation of microstructure, phase content and mechanical properties has been carried out. In case of formation of a single melted zone, the insertion of steel elements into V-based solid solution embrittles the weld. In case of creation of two separated melted zones, the mechanical resistance of the junction is determined by annealing of remaining vanadium interlayer, which can be witnessed by observing the increase of grain size and decrease of UTS. The two pass configuration allows attain highest mechanical resistance: 367 MPa or 92% of UTS of annealed vanadium. Double spot configuration produces excessive heat supply to vanadium interlayer, which results in important decrease of tensile strength down to 72% of UTS of annealed vanadium. It was found that undesirable σ phase which forms between Fe and V is not created during the laser welding process because of high cooling rates. However, the zones whose composition corresponds to σ homogeneity range are crack-susceptible, so the best choice is to reduce the V content in steel/vanadium melted zone below σ phase formation limit. In the same time, the proportion between V and Ti in Ti6Al4V/vanadium melted zones does not influence mechanical properties as these elements form ideal solid solution.

Search for high entropy alloys in the X-NbTaTiZr systems (X = Al, Cr, V, Sn)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poletti, Marco Gabriele, E-mail: marcogabriele.poletti@unito.it [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Fiore, Gianluca [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Szost, Blanka A. [Strategic and Emerging Technologies Team (TEC-TS), European Space Agency, ESTEC, 1 Keplerlaan, 2201 AZ Noordwijk (Netherlands); Battezzati, Livio [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)

2015-01-25

Highlights: • Composition of refractory high entropy alloys predicted. • Solid solutions found in VNbTaTiZr and AlNbTaTiZr. • Alloys containing Cr and Sn are multi-phased. - Abstract: High entropy alloys, i.e. solid solution phases, are sought in the X-NbTaTiZr equiatomic system where the X element was chosen as Al, Cr, V and Sn by applying recent criteria based on size and electronegativity mismatch of alloy components, number of itinerant and total valence electrons, and the temperature at which the free energy of mixing changes at the alloy composition. The alloys containing V and Al are mostly constituted by solid solutions in good agreement with prediction.

The Transverse Rupture Strength in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lai Pang-Hsin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to investigate the transverse rupture strength and apparent hardness of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured in the vertical (V and horizontal (H directions. The microstructure and the distribution of alloy elements were examined by optical microscope and electron probe microanalysis, respectively. The results show that the columnar α′ grains are formed along the building direction, and the elemental distributions of Ti, Al, and V are homogeneous in the alloy. The building direction does not sufficiently affect the density and apparent hardness. However, the transverse rupture strengths (TRS are obviously dominated by the building directions investigated in this study. The TRS of an H specimen is significantly superior to that of a V specimen by 48%. This phenomenon can be mainly attributed to the presence of disc-shaped pores.

Photoluminescent properties of Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A= Nb&Ta) euxenite compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Venugopal, Meenu; Kumar, H. Padma

2018-04-01

Pr3+ doped YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) compounds were prepared by conventional solid state ceramic route. X - ray diffraction studies of the samples confirmed the euxenite orthorhombic phase formation. Effect of Pr3+ doping on the optical and luminescence properties of YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) were studied. The strong absorption in the UV region are due to the absorption by the host YTiAO6 (A = Nb and Ta) and all other peaks can be attributed to that of Pr3+. Host emission peaks are observed around 485 nm and 460 nm in all samples. The red emission observed at 614 nm in the doped samples corresponds to the 1D2 to 3H4 transition of Pr3+ ion. CIE colour coordinates and chromaticity values were also discussed.

Resistance of direct metal laser sintered Ti6Al4V alloy against growth of fatigue cracks

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Konečná, R.; Kunz, Ludvík; Bača, A.; Nicoletto, G.

2017-01-01

Roč. 185, NOV (2017), s. 82-91 ISSN 0013-7944 Institutional support: RVO:68081723 Keywords : Titanium alloys * Ti6Al4V * Fatigue crack growth * Threshold value of stress intensity factor * Direct metal laser sintering Subject RIV: JL - Materials Fatigue, Friction Mechanics OBOR OECD: Audio engineering, reliability analysis Impact factor: 2.151, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013794417300292

Functionalisation of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting with a bioactive compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Kilsby, Samuel [Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU (United Kingdom); Goodridge, Ruth D., E-mail: Ruth.Goodridge@nottingham.ac.uk [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Christie, Steven D.R. [Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU (United Kingdom); Edmondson, Steve [School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Hague, Richard J.M. [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom)

2015-01-01

Surface modification of an implant with a biomolecule is used to improve its biocompatibility and to reduce post-implant complications. In this study, a novel approach has been used to functionalise phosphonic acid monolayers with a drug. Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) were functionalised with Paracetamol (a pharmaceutically relevant biomolecule) using phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The attachment, stability of the monolayers on the SLM fabricated surface and functionalisation of SAMs with Paracetamol were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface wettability measurements. The obtained results confirmed that SAMs were stable on the Ti6Al4V surface for over four weeks and then began to desorb from the surface. The reaction used to functionalise the phosphonic acid monolayers with Paracetamol was noted to be successful. Thus, the proposed method has the potential to immobilise drugs/proteins to SAM coated surfaces and improve their biocompatibility and reduce post-implant complications. - Graphical abstract: A significant change in the contact angle confirming the immobilisation of Paracetamol. (a) Before self-assembled monolayer (SAM) attachment, (b) after SAM attachment and (c) after the immobilisation of Paracetamol to the SAMs. - Highlights: • Ti6Al4V parts were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). • Monolayers used to modify the SLM surface were stable for over 28 days (in-vitro). • Surface roughness did not have a significant impact on the monolayer stability. • Paracetamol was successfully immobilised to the adsorbed monolayers. • Caution required before selecting Paracetamol as a model drug.

Functionalisation of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting with a bioactive compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan; Kilsby, Samuel; Goodridge, Ruth D.; Christie, Steven D.R.; Edmondson, Steve; Hague, Richard J.M.

2015-01-01

Surface modification of an implant with a biomolecule is used to improve its biocompatibility and to reduce post-implant complications. In this study, a novel approach has been used to functionalise phosphonic acid monolayers with a drug. Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) were functionalised with Paracetamol (a pharmaceutically relevant biomolecule) using phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The attachment, stability of the monolayers on the SLM fabricated surface and functionalisation of SAMs with Paracetamol were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface wettability measurements. The obtained results confirmed that SAMs were stable on the Ti6Al4V surface for over four weeks and then began to desorb from the surface. The reaction used to functionalise the phosphonic acid monolayers with Paracetamol was noted to be successful. Thus, the proposed method has the potential to immobilise drugs/proteins to SAM coated surfaces and improve their biocompatibility and reduce post-implant complications. - Graphical abstract: A significant change in the contact angle confirming the immobilisation of Paracetamol. (a) Before self-assembled monolayer (SAM) attachment, (b) after SAM attachment and (c) after the immobilisation of Paracetamol to the SAMs. - Highlights: • Ti6Al4V parts were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). • Monolayers used to modify the SLM surface were stable for over 28 days (in-vitro). • Surface roughness did not have a significant impact on the monolayer stability. • Paracetamol was successfully immobilised to the adsorbed monolayers. • Caution required before selecting Paracetamol as a model drug

The polarity protein Par6 is coupled to the microtubule network during molluscan early embryogenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Homma, Taihei [Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Shimizu, Miho [Kuroda Chiromorphology Team, ERATO-SORST, JST, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 (Japan); Kuroda, Reiko, E-mail: ckuroda@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp [Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Kuroda Chiromorphology Team, ERATO-SORST, JST, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 (Japan); Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 (Japan)

2011-01-07

Research highlights: {yields} The cDNAs encoding Par6 and aPKC homologues were cloned from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. {yields} L. stagnalis Par6 directly interacts with tubulin and microtubules and localizes to the microtubule cytoskeleton during the early embryogenesis. {yields} Identical sequence and localization of LsPar6 for the dextral and the sinistral snails exclude the possibility of the gene being the primary determinant of body handedness. -- Abstract: Cell polarity, which directs the orientation of asymmetric cell division and segregation of fate determinants, is a fundamental feature of development and differentiation. Regulators of polarity have been extensively studied, and the critical importance of the Par (partitioning-defective) complex as the polarity machinery is now recognized in a wide range of eukaryotic systems. The Par polarity module is evolutionarily conserved, but its mechanism and cooperating factors vary among different systems. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis homologue of partitioning-defective 6 (Lspar6). The protein product LsPar6 shows high affinity for microtubules and localizes to the mitotic apparatus during embryonic cell division. In vitro assays revealed direct binding of LsPar6 to tubulin and microtubules, which is the first evidence of the direct interaction between the two proteins. The interaction is mediated by two distinct regions of LsPar6 both located in the N-terminal half. Atypical PKC, a functional partner of Par6, was also found to localize to the mitotic spindle. These results suggest that the L. stagnalis Par complex employs the microtubule network in cell polarity processes during the early embryogenesis. Identical sequence and localization of LsPar6 for the dextral and the sinistral snails exclude the possibility of the gene being the primary determinant of handedness.

The polarity protein Par6 is coupled to the microtubule network during molluscan early embryogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Homma, Taihei; Shimizu, Miho; Kuroda, Reiko

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The cDNAs encoding Par6 and aPKC homologues were cloned from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. → L. stagnalis Par6 directly interacts with tubulin and microtubules and localizes to the microtubule cytoskeleton during the early embryogenesis. → Identical sequence and localization of LsPar6 for the dextral and the sinistral snails exclude the possibility of the gene being the primary determinant of body handedness. -- Abstract: Cell polarity, which directs the orientation of asymmetric cell division and segregation of fate determinants, is a fundamental feature of development and differentiation. Regulators of polarity have been extensively studied, and the critical importance of the Par (partitioning-defective) complex as the polarity machinery is now recognized in a wide range of eukaryotic systems. The Par polarity module is evolutionarily conserved, but its mechanism and cooperating factors vary among different systems. Here we describe the cloning and characterization of a pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis homologue of partitioning-defective 6 (Lspar6). The protein product LsPar6 shows high affinity for microtubules and localizes to the mitotic apparatus during embryonic cell division. In vitro assays revealed direct binding of LsPar6 to tubulin and microtubules, which is the first evidence of the direct interaction between the two proteins. The interaction is mediated by two distinct regions of LsPar6 both located in the N-terminal half. Atypical PKC, a functional partner of Par6, was also found to localize to the mitotic spindle. These results suggest that the L. stagnalis Par complex employs the microtubule network in cell polarity processes during the early embryogenesis. Identical sequence and localization of LsPar6 for the dextral and the sinistral snails exclude the possibility of the gene being the primary determinant of handedness.

Heat treatment of TI-6AL-4V produced by lasercusing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Becker, Thorsten

2015-08-01

Full Text Available LaserCUSING® is a selective laser melting (SLM process that is capable of manufacturing parts by melting powder with heat input from a laser beam. LaserCUSING demonstrates potential for producing the intricate geometries specifically required for biomedical implants and aerospace applications. One main limitation to this form of rapid prototyping is the lack of published studies on the material performance of the resulting material. Studies of the material’s performance are often complicated by dependence on several factors, including starting powder properties, laser parameters, and post-processing heat treatments. This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of LaserCUSING-produced Ti-6Al-4V and its performance relative to the conventional wrought counterpart. A combination of conventional and LaserCUSING-tailored heat treatments is performed. The resulting microstructures are studied and linked to the properties obtained from hardness tests. The findings highlight that LaserCused Ti-6Al-4V is competitive with traditional materials, provided that optimal parameters are chosen and parts are subject to tailored post-processing. In the as-built condition, LaserCused Ti-6Al-4V displays superior strength and hardness as a result of a martensitic microstructure, and a poorer performance in ductility. However, the material performance can be improved using tailored heat treatments. Careful consideration must be given to suitable post-processing before application in critical components in the aerospace or biomedical industry can occur

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V ELI texturized by CO2 laser

Science.gov (United States)

Sandoval-Amador, A.; Bayona–Alvarez, Y. M.; Carreño Garcia, H.; Escobar-Rivero, P.; Y Peña-Ballesteros, D.

2017-12-01

In this work, the response of HOS cells on Ti6Al4V ELI textured surfaces by a CO2 laser was evaluated. The test surfaces were; smooth Ti6Al4V, used as the control, and four textured surfaces with linear geometry. These four surfaces had different separation distances between textured lines, D1 (1000 microns), D2 (750 microns), D3 (500 microns) and D4 (250 microns). Toxicity of textured surfaces was assessed by MTT and the cellular adhesion test was performed using HOS ATCC CRL 1543 line cells. This test was done after 5 days of culture in a RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. The results showed that the linear textures present 23% toxicity after 30 days of incubation, nevertheless, the adhesion tests results are inconclusive in such conditions and therefore the effect of the line separation on the cell adhesion cannot be determined.

Crystal structure of the mixed-metal trisulfide BaCu1/3Ta2/3S3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kejun Bu

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The mixed-metal title compound, BaCu1/3Ta2/3S3 [barium copper(II tantalum(V trisulfide], was prepared through solid-state reactions. The crystal structure adopts the BaTaS3 structure type and consists of face-sharing [MS6] (M = Ta,Cu octahedra (point-group symmetry -3m. that are condensed into infinite chains along [001]. Adjacent chains are linked through the barium cations (site symmetry -6m2, which exhibit a coordination number of twelve. The M site is occupied by 2/3 of TaV and 1/3 of CuII, whereby the average M—S distances are slightly longer than those of ordered BaTaS3. The classical charge balance of the title compound can be represented by [Ba2+] [(Ta/Cu4+] [S2−]3.

Effects of Oxygen Content on Tensile and Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-4 V Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Science.gov (United States)

Quintana, Oscar A.; Tong, Weidong

2017-12-01

We investigated the selective laser melting (SLM) process for development of Ti-6Al-4 V solid material with oxygen content corresponding to the extra low interstitial (ELI) and non-ELI conditions. The microstructure, chemistry, and tensile properties of samples in as-built and hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) condition were evaluated for both material types, while fatigue performance was evaluated by rotating bending fatigue tests on both smooth and notched SLM ELI and non-ELI Ti-6Al-4 V samples in HIPed condition.

Thin TaC layer produced by ion mixing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barna, Árpád; Kotis, László; Pécz, Béla

2012-01-01

in strongly asymmetric ion mixing; the carbon was readily transported to the Ta layer, while the reverse process was much weaker. Because of the asymmetrical transport the C/TaC interface remained sharp independently from the applied fluence. The carbon transported to the Ta layer formed Ta......Ion-beam mixing in C/Ta layered systems was investigated. C 8nm/Ta 12nm and C 20nm/Ta 19nm/C 20nm layer systems were irradiated by Ga+ ions of energy in the range of 2–30keV. In case of the 8nm and 20nm thick C cover layers applying 5–8keV and 20–30keV Ga+ ion energy, respectively resulted...

Immobilisation of an antibacterial drug to Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Kilsby, Samuel [Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU (United Kingdom); Goodridge, Ruth D., E-mail: Ruth.Goodridge@nottingham.ac.uk [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom); Christie, Steven D.R. [Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU (United Kingdom); Edmondson, Steve [School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL (United Kingdom); Hague, Richard J.M. [Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (United Kingdom)

2014-09-30

Graphical abstract: The potential integration of selective laser melting (SLM) with surface modification using self-assembled monolayers for biomedical application has been investigated. Ciprofloxacin{sup ®} was functionalised to the SLM fabricated Ti6Al4V surface. Sustained release of the drug under in-vitro condition was witnessed. The inhibition zones showed the eluted drug was active against Staphylococcus aureus (a) and Escherichia coli (b) upon its release from the SLM fabricated part. - Highlights: • Parts fabricated using selective laser melting were coated with Ciprofloxacin{sup ®}. • The total amount of drug coated was approximately 1 μg/cm{sup 2}. • The coating was highly stable under oxidative conditions. • In-vitro studies showed a sustained release of the drug for over 42 days. • Ciprofloxacin{sup ®} eluted from the Ti6Al4V surface inhibited bacterial growth. - Abstract: Bacterial infections from biomedical implants and surgical devices are a major problem in orthopaedic, dental and vascular surgery. Although the sources of contaminations that lead to bacterial infections are known, it is not possible to control or avoid such infections completely. In this study, an approach to immobilise Ciprofloxacin{sup ®} (an antibacterial drug) to phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on a selectively laser melted (SLM) Ti6Al4V structure, has been presented. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static water contact angle measurements confirmed the attachment of SAMs and the drug. Results showed that Ciprofloxacin{sup ®} is highly stable under the oxidative conditions used in this study. In-vitro stability was estimated by immersing the Ciprofloxacin{sup ®} immobilised substrates in 10 mM of Tris–HCl buffer (pH-7.4) for 42 days. The Tris–HCl buffer was analysed using UV–vis spectrophotometry at 7, 14, 28 and 42 day time intervals to determine the release of the immobilised drug. The drug was observed to

Microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloys manufactured by selective laser melting with optimized processing parameters

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, L.; Ma, C.; Huang, J.; Ding, H. Y.; Chu, M. Q.

2017-11-01

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a precise additive manufacturing process that the metallic powders without binder are melted layer by layer to complex components using a high bright fiber laser. In the paper, Ti-6Al-4V alloy was fabricated by SLM and its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated in order to evaluate the SLM process. The results show that the microstructure exists anisotropy between the horizontal and vertical section due to the occurrence of epitaxial growth, and the former microstructure seems equal-axis and the latter is column. Moreover, there is little difference in tensile test between the horizontal and vertical sections. Furthermore, the tensile properties of fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy by SLM are higher than the forged standard ones. However, the fatigue results show that there are some scatters, which need further investigation to define the fatigue initiation.

Fabrication Of Scaffolds From Ti6Al4V Powders Using The Computer Aided Laser Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dobrzański L.A.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the paper, is to fabricate, by Selective Laser Melting (SLM, a metallic scaffold with Ti6Al4V powder based on a virtual model corresponding to the actual loss of a patient’s craniofacial bone. A plaster cast was made for a patient with a palate recess, and the cast was then scanned with a 3D scanner to create a virtual 3D model of a palate recess, according to which a 3D model of a solid implant was created using specialist software. The virtual 3D solid implant model was converted into a 3D porous implant model after designing an individual shape of the unit cell conditioning the size and three-dimensional shape of the scaffold pores by multiplication of unit cells. The data concerning a virtual 3D porous implant model was transferred into a selective laser melting (SLM device and a metallic scaffold was produced from Ti6Al4V powder with this machine, which was subjected to surface treatment by chemical etching. An object with certain initially adopted assumptions, i.e. shape and geometric dimensions, was finally achieved, which perfectly matches the patient bone recesses. The scaffold created was subjected to micro-and spectroscopic examinations.

Laser Cladding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Ti-Al2O3 Coating for Biomedical Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Mthisi, A.; Popoola, A. P. I.; Adebiyi, D. I.; Popoola, O. M.

2018-05-01

The indispensable properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy coupled with poor tribological properties and delayed bioactivity make it a subject of interest to explore in biomedical application. A quite number of numerous coatings have been employed on titanium alloys, with aim to overcome the poor properties exhibited by this alloy. In this work, the possibility of laser cladding different ad-mixed powders (Ti - 5 wt.% Al2O3 and Ti - 8wt.% Al2O3) on Ti-6Al-4V at various laser scan speed (0.6 and 0.8 m/min) were investigated. The microstructure, phase constituents and corrosion of the resultant coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Optical microscope, X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) and potentiostat respectively. The electrochemical behaviour of the produced coatings was studied in a simulated body fluid (Hanks solution). The microstructural results show that a defect free coating is achieved at low scan speed and ad-mixed of Ti-5 wt. % Al2O3. Cladding of Ti - Al2O3 improved the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy regardless of varying neither scan speed nor ad-mixed percentage. However, Ti-5 wt.% Al2O3 coating produced at low scan speed revealed the highest corrosion resistance among the coatings due to better quality coating layer. Henceforth, this coating may be suitable for biomedical applications.

EUSO-TA prototype telescope

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bisconti, Francesca, E-mail: francesca.bisconti@kit.edu

2016-07-11

EUSO-TA is one of the prototypes developed for the JEM-EUSO project, a space-based large field-of-view telescope to observe the fluorescence light emitted by cosmic ray air showers in the atmosphere. EUSO-TA is a ground-based prototype located at the Telescope Array (TA) site in Utah, USA, where an Electron Light Source and a Central Laser Facility are installed. The purpose of the EUSO-TA project is to calibrate the prototype with the TA fluorescence detector in presence of well-known light sources and cosmic ray air showers. In 2015, the detector started the first measurements and tests using the mentioned light sources have been performed successfully. A first cosmic ray candidate has been observed, as well as stars of different magnitude and color index. Since Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) are very promising for fluorescence telescopes of next generation, they are under consideration for the realization of a new prototype of EUSO Photo Detector Module (PDM). The response of this sensor type is under investigation through simulations and laboratory experimentation.

EUSO-TA prototype telescope

Science.gov (United States)

Bisconti, Francesca; JEM-EUSO Collaboration

2016-07-01

EUSO-TA is one of the prototypes developed for the JEM-EUSO project, a space-based large field-of-view telescope to observe the fluorescence light emitted by cosmic ray air showers in the atmosphere. EUSO-TA is a ground-based prototype located at the Telescope Array (TA) site in Utah, USA, where an Electron Light Source and a Central Laser Facility are installed. The purpose of the EUSO-TA project is to calibrate the prototype with the TA fluorescence detector in presence of well-known light sources and cosmic ray air showers. In 2015, the detector started the first measurements and tests using the mentioned light sources have been performed successfully. A first cosmic ray candidate has been observed, as well as stars of different magnitude and color index. Since Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs) are very promising for fluorescence telescopes of next generation, they are under consideration for the realization of a new prototype of EUSO Photo Detector Module (PDM). The response of this sensor type is under investigation through simulations and laboratory experimentation.

Surface chemistry of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting for biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan; Prina, Elisabetta; Goodridge, Ruth D; Hague, Richard J M; Edmondson, Steve; Rose, Felicity R A J; Christie, Steven D R

2016-10-01

Selective laser melting (SLM) has previously been shown to be a viable method for fabricating biomedical implants; however, the surface chemistry of SLM fabricated parts is poorly understood. In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the surface chemistries of (a) SLM as-fabricated (SLM-AF) Ti6Al4V and (b) SLM fabricated and mechanically polished (SLM-MP) Ti6Al4V samples and compared with (c) traditionally manufactured (forged) and mechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples. The SLM-AF surface was observed to be porous with an average surface roughness (Ra) of 17.6±3.7μm. The surface chemistry of the SLM-AF was significantly different to the FGD-MP surface with respect to elemental distribution and their existence on the outermost surface. Sintered particles on the SLM-AF surface were observed to affect depth profiling of the sample due to a shadowing effect during argon ion sputtering. Surface heterogeneity was observed for all three surfaces; however, vanadium was witnessed only on the mechanically polished (SLM-MP and FGD-MP) surfaces. The direct and indirect 3T3 cell cytotoxicity studies revealed that the cells were viable on the SLM fabricated Ti6Al4V parts. The varied surface chemistry of the SLM-AF and SLM-MP did not influence the cell behaviour. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison on mechanical anisotropies of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 304 stainless steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu, Hanchen; Yang, Jingjing; Yin, Jie; Wang, Zemin, E-mail: zmwang@hust.edu.cn; Zeng, Xiaoyan

2017-05-17

Near-fully dense Ti-6Al-4V and 304 stainless steel samples have been produced applying selective laser melting (SLM) in the present work. The microstructures, textures and microhardnesses on horizontal and vertical cross sections, as well as the tensile properties of horizontally and vertically SLMed samples are investigated. It is found that the microstructures of the two SLMed alloys are mainly composed of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) martensitic phase or face-centered cubic (FCC) austenitic phase within columnar structures in Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 304 stainless steel, respectively. For both SLMed alloys, the tensile properties and microhardnesses show anisotropic though the textures are weak. Especially, the Ti-6Al-4V samples show even stronger anisotropic mechanical properties compared with 304 stainless steel. The higher length-width ratios of the columnar structures, rather than the weaker textures or the less symmetry of HCP crystal structure in SLMed Ti-6Al-4V are believed to be responsible for the stronger mechanical anisotropies. As expected, heat treatment is an effective method to eliminate columnar structures and leads to nearly isotropic mechanical properties.

Effect of Laser Power on Material Efficiency, Layer Height and Width of Laser Metal Deposited Ti6Al4V

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mahamood, RM

2012-10-01

Full Text Available /sec) during deposition is   600  DFRP TPm ----------------------------------- (3) PFR is the powder flow rate in g/min and the 60 in equation 3 is a conversion factor for the powder flow rate to g/sec. The powder efficiency (μ) is given by:   100/ 0... Alloys for Aerospace Applications, in: Titanium and Titanium Alloys, Advanced Engineering Materials, 5, 2003, pp.419-427. [3] Y. Lu, H.B. Tang, Y.L. Fang, D. Liu, H.M. Wang, Microstructure evolution of sub-critical annealed laser deposited Ti–6Al–4V...

NiTi intermetallic surface coatings by laser metal deposition for improving wear properties of Ti-6Al-4V substrates

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Mokgalaka, MN

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The NiTi intermetallic possesses a number of good properties, such as high wear, oxidation, and corrosion resistance. This paper focuses on the deposition of NiTi intermetallic coatings on Ti6Al4V substrate by laser melting of Ti and Ni elemental...

Studying hardness, workability and minimum bending radius in selectively laser-sintered Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples

Science.gov (United States)

Galkina, N. V.; Nosova, Y. A.; Balyakin, A. V.

2018-03-01

This research is relevant as it tries to improve the mechanical and service performance of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy obtained by selective laser sintering. For that purpose, sintered samples were annealed at 750 and 850°C for an hour. Sintered and annealed samples were tested for hardness, workability and microstructure. It was found that incomplete annealing of selectively laser-sintered Ti–6Al–4V samples results in an insignificant reduction in hardness and ductility. Sintered and incompletely annealed samples had a hardness of 32..33 HRC, which is lower than the value of annealed parts specified in standards. Complete annealing at temperature 850°C reduces the hardness to 25 HRC and ductility by 15...20%. Incomplete annealing lowers the ductility factor from 0.08 to 0.06. Complete annealing lowers that value to 0.025. Complete annealing probably results in the embrittlement of sintered samples, perhaps due to their oxidation and hydrogenation in the air. Optical metallography showed lateral fractures in both sintered and annealed samples, which might be the reason why they had lower hardness and ductility.

Influence of lead oxide addition on LnTiTaO 6 (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd)

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The effect of PbO addition on the structural, processing and microwave dielectric properties of LnTiTaO6 (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd) ceramics are reported. Conventional solid state ceramic route was used for the preparation of samples. Phase pure LnTiTaO6 (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd) ceramics are prepared at a calcination ...

Investigation and Optimization of Disk-Laser Welding of 1 mm Thick Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Sheets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrizia Caiazzo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Ti-6Al-4V joints are employed in nuclear engineering, civil industry, military, and space vehicles. Laser beam welding has been proven to be promising, thanks to increased penetration depth and reduction of possible defects of the welding bead; moreover, a smaller grain size in the fusion zone is better in comparison to either TIG or plasma arc welding, thus providing an increase in tensile strength of any welded structures. In this frame, the regression models for a number of crucial responses are discussed in this paper. The study has been conducted on 1 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V plates in square butt welding configuration; a disk-laser source has been used. A three-level Box-Behnken experimental design is considered. An optimum condition is then suggested via numerical optimization with the response surface method using desirability functions with proper weights and importance of constraints. Eventually, Vickers microhardness testing has been conducted to discuss structural changes in fusion and heat affected zone due to welding thermal cycles.

Process Optimization and Microstructure Characterization of Ti6Al4V Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Science.gov (United States)

junfeng, Li; zhengying, Wei

2017-11-01

Process optimization and microstructure characterization of Ti6Al4V manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) were investigated in this article. The relative density of sampled fabricated by SLM is influenced by the main process parameters, including laser power, scan speed and hatch distance. The volume energy density (VED) was defined to account for the combined effect of the main process parameters on the relative density. The results shown that the relative density changed with the change of VED and the optimized process interval is 55˜60J/mm3. Furthermore, compared with laser power, scan speed and hatch distance by taguchi method, it was found that the scan speed had the greatest effect on the relative density. Compared with the microstructure of the cross-section of the specimen at different scanning speeds, it was found that the microstructures at different speeds had similar characteristics, all of them were needle-like martensite distributed in the β matrix, but with the increase of scanning speed, the microstructure is finer and the lower scan speed leads to coarsening of the microstructure.

Influence of laser parameters in surface texturing of Ti6Al4V and AA2024-T3 alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Ahuir-Torres, J. I.; Arenas, M. A.; Perrie, W.; de Damborenea, J.

2018-04-01

Laser texturing can be used for surface modification of metallic alloys in order to improve their properties under service conditions. The generation of textures is determined by the relationship between the laser processing parameters and the physicochemical properties of the alloy to be modified. In the present work the basic mechanism of dimple generation is studied in two alloys of technological interest, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and aluminium alloy AA2024-T3. Laser treatment was performed using a pulsed solid state Nd: Vanadate (Nd: YVO4) laser with a pulse duration of 10 ps, operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and 5 kHz repetition rate. Dimpled surface geometries were generated through ultrafast laser ablation while varying pulse energy between 1 μJ and 20 μJ/pulse and with pulse numbers from 10 to 200 pulses per spot. In addition, the generation of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) nanostructures in both alloys, as well as the formation of random nanostructures in the impact zones are discussed.

Electronic Properties of a TMTTF-Family Salt, (TMTTF)2TaF6: New Member Located on the Modified Generalized Phase-Diagram

Science.gov (United States)

Iwase, Fumitatsu; Sugiura, Koichi; Furukawa, Ko; Nakamura, Toshikazu

2009-10-01

A new TMTTF (tetramethyl-tetrathia-fulvalene)-family salt, (TMTTF)2TaF6, which has the largest octahedral (Oh) symmetry counter anion among the various salts in the TMTTF family, was prepared. X-ray, static magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance (ESR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were carried out in order to investigate the electronic state of (TMTTF)2TaF6. The unit-cell volume of (TMTTF)2TaF6 is larger than that of (TMTTF)2MF6 (M=P, As, and Sb). (TMTTF)2TaF6 shows the highest charge-ordering phase transition temperature (TCO˜ 175 K) among TMTTF salts with the Oh-symmetry counter anion. These facts indicate that (TMTTF)2TaF6 is located on the most negative side in the generalized phase-diagram for TMTCF family salts. (TMTTF)2TaF6 undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition around 9 K. It turned out the phase diagram needs to be modified.

Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Edwards, P. [Boeing Research and Technology, The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA (United States); Ramulu, M., E-mail: ramulum@u.washington.edu [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

2014-03-01

Additive Manufacturing of titanium components holds promise to deliver benefits such as reduced cost, weight and carbon emissions during both manufacture and use. To capitalize on these benefits, it must be shown that the mechanical performance of parts produced by Additive Manufacturing can meet design requirements that are typically based on wrought material performance properties. Of particular concern for safety critical structures are the fatigue properties of parts produced by Additive Manufacturing. This research evaluates the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V specimens produced by the Selective Laser Melting additive manufacturing process. It was found that the fatigue life is significantly lower compared to wrought material. This reduction in fatigue performance was attributed to a variety of issues, such as microstructure, porosity, surface finish and residual stress. There was also found to be a high degree of anisotropy in the fatigue performance associated with the specimen build orientation.

Fatigue performance evaluation of selective laser melted Ti–6Al–4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Edwards, P.; Ramulu, M.

2014-01-01

Additive Manufacturing of titanium components holds promise to deliver benefits such as reduced cost, weight and carbon emissions during both manufacture and use. To capitalize on these benefits, it must be shown that the mechanical performance of parts produced by Additive Manufacturing can meet design requirements that are typically based on wrought material performance properties. Of particular concern for safety critical structures are the fatigue properties of parts produced by Additive Manufacturing. This research evaluates the fatigue properties of Ti–6Al–4V specimens produced by the Selective Laser Melting additive manufacturing process. It was found that the fatigue life is significantly lower compared to wrought material. This reduction in fatigue performance was attributed to a variety of issues, such as microstructure, porosity, surface finish and residual stress. There was also found to be a high degree of anisotropy in the fatigue performance associated with the specimen build orientation

Evolution of resistive switching mechanism through H2O2 sensing by using TaOx-based material in W/Al2O3/TaOx/TiN structure

Science.gov (United States)

Chakrabarti, Somsubhra; Panja, Rajeswar; Roy, Sourav; Roy, Anisha; Samanta, Subhranu; Dutta, Mrinmoy; Ginnaram, Sreekanth; Maikap, Siddheswar; Cheng, Hsin-Ming; Tsai, Ling-Na; Chang, Ya-Ling; Mahapatra, Rajat; Jana, Debanjan; Qiu, Jian-Tai; Yang, Jer-Ren

2018-03-01

Understanding of resistive switching mechanism through H2O2 sensing and improvement of switching characteristics by using TaOx-based material in W/Al2O3/TaOx/TiN structure have been reported for the first time. Existence of amorphous Al2O3/TaOx layer in the RRAM devices has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. By analyzing the oxidation states of Ta2+/Ta5+ for TaOx switching material and W0/W6+ for WOx layer at the W/TaOx interface through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and H2O2 sensing, the reduction-oxidation mechanism under Set/Reset occurs only in the TaOx layer for the W/Al2O3/TaOx/TiN structures. This leads to higher Schottky barrier height at the W/Al2O3 interface (0.54 eV vs. 0.46 eV), higher resistance ratio, and long program/erase endurance of >108 cycles with 100 ns pulse width at a low operation current of 30 μA. Stable retention of more than 104 s at 85 °C is also obtained. Using conduction mechanism and reduction-oxidation reaction, current-voltage characteristic has been simulated. Both TaOx and WOx membranes have high pH sensitivity values of 47.65 mV/pH and 49.25 mV/pH, respectively. Those membranes can also sense H2O2 with a low concentration of 1 nM in an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structure because of catalytic activity, while the Al2O3 membrane does not show sensing. The TaOx material in W/Al2O3/TaOx/TiN structure does not show only a path towards high dense, small size memory application with understanding of switching mechanism but also can be used for H2O2 sensors.

Tensile properties and microstructure of direct metal laser-sintered TI6AL4V (ELI alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moletsane, M. G.

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS is an additive manufacturing technology used to melt metal powder by high laser power to produce customised parts, light-weight structures, or other complex objects. During DMLS, powder is melted and solidified track-by-track and layer-by-layer; thus, building direction can influence the mechanical properties of DMLS parts. The mechanical properties and microstructure of material produced by DMLS can depend on the powder properties, process parameters, scanning strategy, and building geometry. In this study, the microstructure, tensile properties, and porosity of DMLS Ti6Al4V (ELI horizontal samples were analysed. Defect analysis by CT scans in pre-strained samples was used to detect the crack formation mechanism during tensile testing of as-built and heat-treated samples. The mechanical properties of the samples before and after stress relieving are discussed.

Enhancement of wear and corrosion resistance of beta titanium alloy by laser gas alloying with nitrogen

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Chi-Wai; Lee, Seunghwan; Smith, Graham; Sarri, Gianluca; Ng, Chi-Ho; Sharba, Ahmed; Man, Hau-Chung

2016-03-01

The relatively high elastic modulus coupled with the presence of toxic vanadium (V) in Ti6Al4V alloy has long been a concern in orthopaedic applications. To solve the problem, a variety of non-toxic and low modulus beta-titanium (beta-Ti) alloys have been developed. Among the beta-Ti alloy family, the quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta (TNZT) alloys have received the highest attention as a promising replacement for Ti6Al4V due to their lower elastic modulus and outstanding long term stability against corrosion in biological environments. However, the inferior wear resistance of TNZT is still a problem that must be resolved before commercialising in the orthopaedic market. In this work, a newly developed laser surface treatment technique was employed to improve the surface properties of Ti-35.3Nb-7.3Zr-5.7Ta alloy. The surface structure and composition of the laser-treated TNZT surface were examined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wear and corrosion resistance were evaluated by pin-on-plate sliding test and anodic polarisation test in Hanks' solution. The experimental results were compared with the untreated (or base) TNZT material. The research findings showed that the laser surface treatment technique reported in this work can effectively improve the wear and corrosion resistance of TNZT.

Study of the L-X-ray emission fine structure of Ta, Au and Th induced by Kr ions for energies between 0.6 and 4 MeV/A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larcher, J.

1990-02-01

L X-ray emission in 0.6 to 4 MeV/A Kr bombardment of Ta, Au and Th was studied by means of a crystal spectrometer equipped with a LiF 100 crystal and a NaI(TI) detector. The evolution of the X-rays spectra confirms the quasimolecular ionization process for the lower bombarding energies. For the higher energies, direct Coulomb ionization mechanism becomes important. The measurement of the X-rays energy shifts and of line broadening allows the determination of the numbers of additional vacancies produced in the target during the collision. The X-ray production cross sections for the main lines are deduced from the measured X-rays yields [fr

Thermomechanical response of 3D laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Peng-Hui [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Guo, Wei-Guo, E-mail: weiguo@nwpu.edu.cn [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Huang, Wei-Dong [The State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Su, Yu [Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081 (China); Lin, Xin [The State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China); Yuan, Kang-Bo [School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072 (China)

2015-10-28

To understand and evaluate the thermomechanical property of Ti–6Al–4V alloy prepared by the 3D laser deposition technology, an uniaxial compression test was performed on cylindrical samples using an electronic universal testing machine and enhanced Hopkinson technique, over the range of strain rate from 0.001/s to 5000/s, and at initial temperatures from the room temperature to 1173 K. The microstructure of the undeformed and deformed samples was examined through optical microscopy and the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results show the followings: (1) the anisotropy of the mechanical property of this alloy is not significant despite the visible stratification at the exterior surfaces; (2) initial defects, such as the initial voids and lack of fusion, are found in the microstructure and in the crack surfaces of the deformed samples, and they are considered as a major source of crack initiation and propagation; (3) adiabatic shear bands and shearing can easily develop at all selected temperatures for samples under compression; (4) the yield and ultimate strengths of this laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4V alloy are both lower than those of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy prepared by forging and electron beam melting, whereas both of its strengths are higher than those of a conventional grade Ti–6Al–4V alloy at high strain rate only. In addition to compression tests we also conducted tensile loading tests on the laser-deposited alloy at both low and high strain rates (0.1/s and 1000/s). There is significant tension/compression asymmetry in the mechanical response under high-strain-rate loading. It was found that the quasi-static tensile fracturing exhibits typical composite fracture characteristic with quasi-cleavages and dimples, while the high-strain-rate fracturing is characterized by ductile fracture behavior.

Effects of Nd:YAG laser pulse frequency on the surface treatment of Ti 6Al 4V alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gursel, Ali [International University of Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

2016-07-01

The desirable properties of titanium and titanium alloys, including excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio and high operating temperature, have led to their successful application in various fields such as the medical and aerospace industries. Among the reliable treatment techniques, laser welding can provide significant advantages for the titanium alloys because of its precision, rapid processing capability and ability to control the welding parameters and their effects. The morphology and the quality of pulsed seam welds are directly or synergistically influenced by the Nd:YAG laser parameters of pulse shape, energy, duration, travel speed, peak power and frequency of repetition. In this study, a 1.5 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet surface was treated by SigmaLaser {sup registered} 300 Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The influence of the pulse frequency on seam morphology and surface effects was then investigated. The seam and surface quality were characterized in terms of weld morphology and microhardness. The results showed that, for Nd:YAG laser seams used for surface treatment, pulse repetition was more effective on the cooling rate than had been expected.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITE COATING BY LASER CLADDING Al/TiN ON THE Ti–6Al–4V SUBSTRATE

OpenAIRE

H. X. ZHANG; H. J. YU; C. Z. CHEN

2015-01-01

The composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding Al/TiN pre-placed powders on Ti–6Al–4V substrate for enhancing wear resistance and hardness of the substrate. The composite coatings were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The sliding wear tests were performed by MM200 wear test machine. The hardness of the coatings was tested by HV-1000 hardness tester. After laser cladding, it was found that there...

High-pressure phases of Weyl semimetals NbP, NbAs, TaP, and TaAs

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, ZhaoPeng; Lu, PengChao; Chen, Tong; Wu, JueFei; Sun, Jian; Xing, DingYu

2018-03-01

In this study, we used the crystal structure search method and first-principles calculations to systematically explore the highpressure phase diagrams of the TaAs family (NbP, NbAs, TaP, and TaAs). Our calculation results show that NbAs and TaAs have similar phase diagrams, the same structural phase transition sequence I41 md→ P6¯ m2→ P21/ c→ Pm3¯ m, and slightly different transition pressures. The phase transition sequence of NbP and TaP differs somewhat from that of NbAs and TaAs, in which new structures emerge, such as the Cmcm structure in NbP and the Pmmn structure in TaP. Interestingly, we found that in the electronic structure of the high-pressure phase P6¯ m2-NbAs, there are coexistingWeyl points and triple degenerate points, similar to those found in high-pressure P6¯ m2-TaAs.

Enhancement of wear and corrosion resistance of beta titanium alloy by laser gas alloying with nitrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chan, Chi-Wai; Lee, Seunghwan; Smith, Graham; Sarri, Gianluca; Ng, Chi-Ho; Sharba, Ahmed; Man, Hau-Chung

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Laser technology is a fast, clean and flexible method for surface hardening of TNZT. • Laser can form a protective hard layer on TNZT surface without altering surface roughness. • The laser-formed layer is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. • Laser-treated TNZT is highly resistant to corrosion and wear in Hank's solution. - Abstract: The relatively high elastic modulus coupled with the presence of toxic vanadium (V) in Ti6Al4V alloy has long been a concern in orthopaedic applications. To solve the problem, a variety of non-toxic and low modulus beta-titanium (beta-Ti) alloys have been developed. Among the beta-Ti alloy family, the quaternary Ti–Nb–Zr–Ta (TNZT) alloys have received the highest attention as a promising replacement for Ti6Al4V due to their lower elastic modulus and outstanding long term stability against corrosion in biological environments. However, the inferior wear resistance of TNZT is still a problem that must be resolved before commercialising in the orthopaedic market. In this work, a newly developed laser surface treatment technique was employed to improve the surface properties of Ti–35.3Nb–7.3Zr–5.7Ta alloy. The surface structure and composition of the laser-treated TNZT surface were examined by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wear and corrosion resistance were evaluated by pin-on-plate sliding test and anodic polarisation test in Hanks’ solution. The experimental results were compared with the untreated (or base) TNZT material. The research findings showed that the laser surface treatment technique reported in this work can effectively improve the wear and corrosion resistance of TNZT.

Functionalisation of Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting with a bioactive compound.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaithilingam, Jayasheelan; Kilsby, Samuel; Goodridge, Ruth D; Christie, Steven D R; Edmondson, Steve; Hague, Richard J M

2015-01-01

Surface modification of an implant with a biomolecule is used to improve its biocompatibility and to reduce post-implant complications. In this study, a novel approach has been used to functionalise phosphonic acid monolayers with a drug. Ti6Al4V components fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) were functionalised with Paracetamol (a pharmaceutically relevant biomolecule) using phosphonic acid based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The attachment, stability of the monolayers on the SLM fabricated surface and functionalisation of SAMs with Paracetamol were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface wettability measurements. The obtained results confirmed that SAMs were stable on the Ti6Al4V surface for over four weeks and then began to desorb from the surface. The reaction used to functionalise the phosphonic acid monolayers with Paracetamol was noted to be successful. Thus, the proposed method has the potential to immobilise drugs/proteins to SAM coated surfaces and improve their biocompatibility and reduce post-implant complications. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

[(≡SiO)TaV (=CH2)Cl2], the first tantalum methylidene species prepared and identified on the silica surface

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin

2013-11-01

A novel surface tantalum methylidene [(≡SiO)TaV (=CH 2)Cl2] was obtained via thermal decomposition of the well-defined surface species [(≡SiO)TaVCl2Me 2]. This first surface tantalum methylidene ever synthesized has been fully characterized and the kinetics of the a-hydrogen abstraction reaction has also been investigated in the heterogeneous system. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[(≡SiO)TaV (=CH2)Cl2], the first tantalum methylidene species prepared and identified on the silica surface

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin; Callens, Emmanuel; Abou-Hamad, Edy; Basset, Jean-Marie

2013-01-01

A novel surface tantalum methylidene [(≡SiO)TaV (=CH 2)Cl2] was obtained via thermal decomposition of the well-defined surface species [(≡SiO)TaVCl2Me 2]. This first surface tantalum methylidene ever synthesized has been fully characterized and the kinetics of the a-hydrogen abstraction reaction has also been investigated in the heterogeneous system. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and characterization of MoS2/Ti composite coatings on Ti6Al4V prepared by laser cladding

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Rongjuan; Liu, Zongde; Wang, Yongtian; Yang, Guang; Li, Hongchuan

2013-02-01

The MoS2/Ti composite coating with sub-micron grade structure has been prepared on Ti6Al4V by laser method under argon protection. The morphology, microstructure, microhardness and friction coefficient of the coating were examined. The results indicated that the molybdenum disulfide was decomposed during melting and resolidification. The phase organization of composite coating mainly consisted of ternary element sulfides, molybdenum sulfides and titanium sulfides. The friction coefficient of and the surface roughness the MoS2/Ti coating were lower than those of Ti6Al4V. The composite coating exhibits excellent adhesion to the substrates, less surface roughness, good wear resistance and harder surface.

Soroprevalência de infecções por vírus da hepatite B e vírus da hepatite C em indivíduos do Estado do Pará Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections among individuals in the State of Pará

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Américo Aquino

2008-08-01

Full Text Available As hepatites B e C continuam sendo um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Neste estudo, determinou-se a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos para as hepatites B e C em indivíduos do Estado do Pará, atendidos no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Pará, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005. Foram realizados 11.282 exames para a pesquisa do HBsAg, 2.342 para o anti-HBc e 5.542 para o anti-vírus da hepatite C. A prevalência de HBsAg foi de 3,6% e predominou na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, enquanto que o anti-HBc foi observado em 37,7% dos indivíduos. A prevalência do antivírus da hepatite C foi de 3,6% e predominou entre indivíduos acima de 50 anos. Assim, as freqüências dos marcadores encontradas no Pará foram mais altas que em vários outros estados do país, sugerindo a necessidade de medidas de saúde publica mais eficazes no combate a estes agravos na região.Hepatitis B and C continue to be important public health problems in Brazil. In this study, the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B and C in individuals from the State of Pará, attended at the Central Public Health Laboratory of Pará between January 2002 and December 2005, was determined. 11,282 tests to investigate HBsAg, 2,342 for anti-HBc and 5,542 for anti-HCV were performed. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.6% and it was predominantly found in the age range of 20 to 29 years old, while anti-HBC was observed in 37.7% of the subjects. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus was 3.6% and it was predominantly found in individuals over 50 years old. Thus, the frequencies of the markers found in Pará were higher than many other states in Brazil, hence suggesting that there is a need for public health measures of greater effectiveness for combating these illnesses in this region.

Hybrid III-V/silicon lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Kaspar, P.; Jany, C.; Le Liepvre, A.; Accard, A.; Lamponi, M.; Make, D.; Levaufre, G.; Girard, N.; Lelarge, F.; Shen, A.; Charbonnier, P.; Mallecot, F.; Duan, G.-H.; Gentner, J.-.; Fedeli, J.-M.; Olivier, S.; Descos, A.; Ben Bakir, B.; Messaoudene, S.; Bordel, D.; Malhouitre, S.; Kopp, C.; Menezo, S.

2014-05-01

The lack of potent integrated light emitters is one of the bottlenecks that have so far hindered the silicon photonics platform from revolutionizing the communication market. Photonic circuits with integrated light sources have the potential to address a wide range of applications from short-distance data communication to long-haul optical transmission. Notably, the integration of lasers would allow saving large assembly costs and reduce the footprint of optoelectronic products by combining photonic and microelectronic functionalities on a single chip. Since silicon and germanium-based sources are still in their infancy, hybrid approaches using III-V semiconductor materials are currently pursued by several research laboratories in academia as well as in industry. In this paper we review recent developments of hybrid III-V/silicon lasers and discuss the advantages and drawbacks of several integration schemes. The integration approach followed in our laboratory makes use of wafer-bonded III-V material on structured silicon-on-insulator substrates and is based on adiabatic mode transfers between silicon and III-V waveguides. We will highlight some of the most interesting results from devices such as wavelength-tunable lasers and AWG lasers. The good performance demonstrates that an efficient mode transfer can be achieved between III-V and silicon waveguides and encourages further research efforts in this direction.

"Forest Grove School District v. T.A.": The Supreme Court and Unilateral Private Placements

Science.gov (United States)

Yell, Mitchell L.; Katsiyannis, Antonis; Collins, Terri S.

2010-01-01

On June 22, 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in the case "Forest Grove School District v. T.A." (hereafter "Forest Grove"). In "Forest Grove," the High Court answered the question of whether the parents of students with disabilities are entitled to reimbursement for the costs associated with placing…

Tribological behavior of Ti6Al4V cellular structures produced by Selective Laser Melting.

Science.gov (United States)

Bartolomeu, F; Sampaio, M; Carvalho, O; Pinto, E; Alves, N; Gomes, J R; Silva, F S; Miranda, G

2017-05-01

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the fabrication of innovative structures with complex geometries not easily manufactured by traditional processes. Regarding metallic cellular structures with tailored/customized mechanical and wear performance aiming to biomedical applications, Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a remarkable solution for their production. Focusing on prosthesis and implants, in addition to a suitable Young's modulus it is important to assess the friction response and wear resistance of these cellular structures in a natural environment. In this sense, five cellular Ti6Al4V structures with different open-cell sizes (100-500µm) were designed and produced by SLM. These structures were tribologicaly tested against alumina using a reciprocating sliding ball-on-plate tribometer. Samples were submerged in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) fluid at 37°C, in order to mimic in some extent the human body environment. The results showed that friction and wear performance of Ti6Al4V cellular structures is influenced by the structure open-cell size. The higher wear resistance was obtained for structures with 100µm designed open-cell size due to the higher apparent area of contact to support tribological loading. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Influence of heat treatments on the microstructure and tensile behaviour of selective laser melting-produced TI-6AL-4V parts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ter Haar, Gerrit Matthys

2016-11-01

Full Text Available In industry, post-process heat treatments of Ti-6Al-4V are performed with the aim of improving its tensile behaviour. While heat treatments of wrought Ti6Al4V have been standardised (e.g., Aerospace Material Specification H-81200, heat treatments of selective laser melting (SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V lacks research and understanding. Significant concern exists about SLM Ti6-Al-4V’s achievable ductility attributed to its martensitic (α’ phase. In this research, heat treatments at a range of temperatures are applied to SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V tensile samples. Microstructural analysis (both optically and through electron backscatter diffraction was used to identify links between heat treatments and microstructure. Subsequently, uniaxial tensile tests were performed to determine the respective tensile properties of all samples. Correlations in the data show a significant loss in strength with respect to an increase in annealing temperature due to grain growth, while no noticeable trend was observed for fracture strain with regard to annealing temperatures.

Thermal stability of TaN Schottky contacts on n-GaN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hayes, J.R.; Kim, D-W.; Meidia, H.; Mahajan, S

2003-02-07

The thermal stability and electrical characteristics of tantalum-nitrogen alloy Schottky contacts on n-GaN were investigated. Non-stoichiometric {delta}-phase (40 atomic percent nitrogen) tantalum nitride contacts exhibited good electrical properties up to an annealing temperature of 600 deg. C. However, they degrade rapidly above this temperature due to outward diffusion of Ga and presumably nitrogen into the {delta}-phase tantalum nitride. It is surmised that excess Ta reacts with N at the GaN surface, freeing Ga which then diffuses into the TaN layer. Stoichiometric TaN Schottky contacts were stable at temperatures as high as 800 deg. C and had far superior electrical performance. This stems from the thermodynamic stability of the stoichiometric TaN/GaN interface. {delta}-phase TaN had I-V and C-V barrier heights of 0.55 eV and 0.8 eV respectively. On the other hand, TaN had an I-V barrier height near 0.7 eV and a C-V barrier height near 1.2 eV. The ideality factors for both {delta}-phase TaN and TaN were above 1.8 at all annealing temperatures, suggesting tunneling contributes significantly to current transport.

Neutron Capture Gamma Ray Cross Sections for Ta, Ag, In and Au between 30 and 175 keV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellstroem, J; Beshai, S

1971-11-15

A new detector has been used to determine neutron capture gamma ray cross sections for Ta, Ag, In and Au. The results are listed and discussed together with associated problems. The energy range from 30 keV to 175 keV is considered

Neutron Capture Gamma Ray Cross Sections for Ta, Ag, In and Au between 30 and 175 keV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hellstroem, J.; Beshai, S.

1971-11-01

A new detector has been used to determine neutron capture gamma ray cross sections for Ta, Ag, In and Au. The results are listed and discussed together with associated problems. The energy range from 30 keV to 175 keV is considered

Interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of Ti6Al4V/A6061 dissimilar joint by direct laser brazing without filler metal and groove

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Zhihua; Nakata, Kazuhiro; Wu, Aiping; Liao, Jinsun

2013-01-01

Laser brazing of Ti6Al4V and A6061-T6 alloys with 2 mm thickness was conducted by focusing laser beam on aluminum alloy side, and the effect of laser offset distance on microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar butt joint was investigated. Laser offset has a great influence on the thickness of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer and the mechanical property of joint. The thickness of interfacial IMC layer is less than 500 nm, and the average tensile strength of the joint reaches 64% of aluminum base material strength, when suitable welding conditions are used. The interfacial IMC is TiAl 3 . The formation of interfacial IMC layer and its effect on mechanical property of the joint are discussed in the present study.

Relaxations in Ba{sub 2}BiTaO{sub 6} ceramics investigated by impedance and electric modulus spectroscopies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodrigues, Joao Elias Figuereido Soares [Departamento de Fisica - CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Campus do Bacanga, 65085-580, Sao Luis -MA (Brazil); Paschoal, Carlos William de Araujo, E-mail: paschoal@ufma.br [Departamento de Fisica - CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Campus do Bacanga, 65085-580, Sao Luis -MA (Brazil); Silva, Eder Nascimento [Departamento de Fisica - CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhao, Campus do Bacanga, 65085-580, Sao Luis -MA (Brazil); Mince, Kathryn A.; Lufaso, Michael W. [Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224 (United States)

2012-03-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We have confirmed that the relaxation observed in Ba{sub 2}BiTaO{sub 6} is due to the conduction mechanism. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The conduction mechanism is the oxygen vacancies hopping. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We have explained because the activation energy for the Ba{sub 2}BiTaO{sub 6} is lower than observed for Ba{sub 2}BiSbO{sub 6} with basis in zero-point energy of both materials. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We have showed that a minor secondary phase is a minor secondary phase, which is common when the BBTO is obtained by ceramic method under air, does not change significantly the electrical properties of BBTO. -- Abstract: Impedance spectroscopy analysis of the dielectric properties of a Ba{sub 2}BiTaO{sub 6} ceramic was performed in the temperature range from room temperature to 500 K. The sample was prepared using conventional solid state synthesis under air and the X-ray diffraction shows the presence of Ba{sub 5}Ta{sub 4}O{sub 15} as a minor secondary phase (0.09%). The impedance data clearly show contributions of the grain and grain boundary. The results indicate that the conduction in Ba{sub 2}BiTaO{sub 6} is due to hopping of oxygen vacancies and that the impurities not influence the conduction mechanism.

Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 16. Rhombohedral 12 L-stacking polytypes Ba/sub 3/Asup(III)M/sub 3/sup(V)vacantO/sub 12/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

1980-02-01

The white quaternary oxides Ba/sub 3/LaM/sub 3/sup(V)vacantO/sub 12/ with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta belong to the group of hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. They crystallize in a rhombohedral 12 L-structure (sequence (hhcc)/sub 3/; space group R3m) with a = 5.75 A; c = 28.1 A (Msup(V) = Nb); a = 5.74 A; c = 28.2 A (Ta) and Z = 3. Signs for the formation of isotypic compounds with Asup(III) = Pr, Nd could be obtained as well.

Synthesis and characterization of MoS2/Ti composite coatings on Ti6Al4V prepared by laser cladding

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Rongjuan Yang

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The MoS2/Ti composite coating with sub-micron grade structure has been prepared on Ti6Al4V by laser method under argon protection. The morphology, microstructure, microhardness and friction coefficient of the coating were examined. The results indicated that the molybdenum disulfide was decomposed during melting and resolidification. The phase organization of composite coating mainly consisted of ternary element sulfides, molybdenum sulfides and titanium sulfides. The friction coefficient of and the surface roughness the MoS2/Ti coating were lower than those of Ti6Al4V. The composite coating exhibits excellent adhesion to the substrates, less surface roughness, good wear resistance and harder surface.

Microstructure and micro-hardness analyses of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured by selective laser melting

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Lancea Camil

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Selective Laser Melting (SLM is one of the powder based additive manufacturing technologies and it is, as well, the most rapidly growing technique in Rapid Prototyping. In this paper is presented a microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (LEO 1525 SEM, of Ti6Al4V parts exposed into a corrosion environment. The corrosion environment was generated using a salt chamber with 5% and 10% NaCl concentration and an ACS-Sunrise climatic chamber. The parts were also subjected to tests in order to determine their micro-hardness, followed by a statistical processing of the obtained data. The parts, having a lattice structure, were built on a Selective Laser Melting machine.

Defect, Microstructure, and Mechanical Property of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated by High-Power Selective Laser Melting

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Sheng; Chen, Zhuoer; Lim, Chao Voon Samuel; Yang, Kun; Jia, Qingbo; Jarvis, Tom; Tomus, Dacian; Wu, Xinhua

2017-12-01

To improve the selective laser melting (SLM) productivity, a high laser power and accordingly adjusted parameters are employed to facilitate a high build rate. Three distinct processing strategies with incremental build rate are developed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V. Various types of defects are investigated. Further studies were carried out by heat-treatment and hot isostatic pressing to evaluate the influence of microstructure and porosity on mechanical properties. The anisotropic mechanical property in horizontally and vertically build samples were observed, which was attributable to the columnar grains and spatial arrangement of defects. Regardless of anisotropy, a post-SLM heat-treatment at 800°C for 2 h produces a combined high strength and ductility.

Estudio AB-Initio de las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas de la doble Perovskita Ba2InTaO6

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Crispulo Enrique Deluque-Toro

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The double Perovskites materials with the formula A2 BB’O6 has been studied thoroughly in the past years due to its versatility, which allow to include the alkaline earth ions in A sites and transition metals in B and B’sites, giving origin to several physical properties with various industrials applications. In this work the structural and electronic properties of Ba2 InTaO6 are studied, material that is particularly interesting due to its possible application to the development of dielectric resonators and microwave signal filters on mobile phones and other wireless devices. Using ab-initio computational model, based on the Density Funtional Theory (DFT, and starting from spacial group Fm-3m, we calculate lattice parameters, equilibrium energies and equations of state among other quantities. The energy minimization as a function of volume allows to obtain a attice constant of 15.861 Bohr. The results of electronic density of states (DOS show that the double Perovskite Ba2 InTaO6 has an indirect gap of ~ 4.25 eV.

Preliminary study on the corrosion resistance, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selective-laser-melted Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Sai; Lu, Yanjin; Wu, Songquan; Liu, Lingling; He, Mengjiao; Zhao, Chaoqian; Gan, Yiliang; Lin, Junjie; Luo, Jiasi; Xu, Xiongcheng; Lin, Jinxin

2017-03-01

In this study, a series of Cu-bearing Ti6Al4V-xCu (x=0, 2, 4, 6wt%) alloys (shorten by Ti6Al4V, 2C, 4C, and 6C, respectively.) with antibacterial function were successfully fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology with mixed spherical powders of Cu and Ti6Al4V for the first time. In order to systematically investigate the effects of Cu content on the microstructure, phase constitution, corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of SLMed Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys, experiments including XRD, SEM-EDS, electrochemical measurements, antibacterial tests and cytotoxicity tests were conducted with comparison to SLMed Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti6Al4V). Microstructural observations revealed that Cu had completely fused into the Ti6Al4V alloy, and presented in the form of Ti 2 Cu phase at ambient temperature. With Cu content increase, the density of the alloy gradually decreased, and micropores were obviously found in the alloy. Electrochemical measurements showed that corrosion resistance of Cu-bearing alloys were stronger than Cu-free alloy. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that 4C and 6C alloys presented strong and stable antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) compared to the Ti6Al4V and 2C alloy. In addition, similar to the Ti6Al4V alloy, the Cu-bearing alloys also exerted good cytocompatibility to the Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Based on those results, the preliminary study verified that it was feasible to fabricated antibacterial Ti6Al4V-xCu alloys direct by SLM processing mixed commercial Ti6Al4V and Cu powder. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ecuadorile maksti, et ta jätaks rahule Amazonase nafta / Heiki Suurkask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suurkask, Heiki, 1972-

2010-01-01

Yasuni rahvuspargis asuv naftaleiukoht jäetakse vähemalt kümneks aastaks rahule, sest ÜRO loodud fondi kaudu makstakse Ecuadori riigikassasse 3,6 miljardit dollarit ehk ligemale pool summast, mille ta võiks nafta müügist teenida

Hierarchical micro-nano structured Ti6Al4V surface topography via two-step etching process for enhanced hydrophilicity and osteoblastic responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Byeong-Seok; Kim, Sungwon; Kim, Hyoun-Ee; Jang, Tae-Sik

2017-04-01

Hierarchical micro-nano (HMN) surface structuring of dental implants is a fascinating strategy for achieving fast and mechanically stable fixation due to the synergetic effect of micro- and nano-scale surface roughness with surrounding tissues. However, the introduction of a well-defined nanostructure on a microstructure having complex surface geometry is still challenging. As a means of fabricating HMN surface on Ti6Al4V-ELI, target-ion induced plasma sputtering (TIPS) was used onto a sand-blasted, large-grit and acid-etched substrate. The HMN surface topography was simply controlled by adjusting the tantalum (Ta) target power of the TIPS technique, which is directly related to the Ta ion flux and the surface chemical composition of the substrate. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser scanning microscopy (LSM) verified that well-defined nano-patterned surface structures with a depth of ~300 to 400nm and a width of ~60 to 70nm were uniformly distributed and followed the complex micron-sized surface geometry. In vitro cellular responses of pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were assessed by attachment and proliferation of cells on flat, nano-roughened, micro-roughened, and an HMN surface structure of Ti6Al4V-ELI. Moreover, an in vivo dog mandible defect model study was used to investigate the biological effect of the HMN surface structure compared with the micro-roughened surface. The results showed that the surface nanostructure significantly increased the cellular activities of flat and micro-roughened Ti, and the bone-to-implant contact area and new bone volume were significantly improved on the HMN surface structured Ti. These results support the idea that an HMN surface structure on Ti6Al4V-ELI alloy has great potential for enhancing the biological performance of dental implants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Comparative Study on the Laser Welding of Ti6Al4V Alloy Sheets in Flat and Horizontal Positions

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Baohua Chang

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Laser welding has been increasingly utilized to manufacture a variety of components thanks to its high quality and speed. For components with complex shapes, the welding position needs be continuously adjusted during laser welding, which makes it necessary to know the effects of the welding position on the quality of the laser welds. In this paper, the weld quality under two (flat and horizontal welding positions were studied comparatively in the laser welding of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, in terms of weld profiles, process porosity, and static tensile strengths. Results show that the flat welding position led to better weld profiles, less process porosity than that of the horizontal welding position, which resulted from the different actions of gravity on the molten weld metals and the different escape routes for pores under different welding positions. Although undercuts showed no association with the fracture positions and tensile strengths of the welds, too much porosity in horizontal laser welds led to significant decreases in the strengths and specific elongations of welds. Higher laser powers and travel speeds were recommended, for both flat and horizontal welding positions, to reduce weld porosity and improve mechanical properties.

Investigations of dielectric enhancement in (Ta2O5)1-x(TiO2)x ceramics prepared by laser-sintering technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ji, L.F.; Jiang, Y.J.

2007-01-01

The maximum dielectric permittivity of Ti-doped Ta 2 O 5 ceramics may reach 450 by a laser-sintering technique. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of the dielectric enhancement based on the unique structural and morphological properties of the laser-sintered ceramics. The reason for the dielectric enhancement is due to the crystal structure distortion in the high-temperature phase, the oriented grain growth taking place in a direction deviating from [001] in the laser-sintered ceramics. The concurrent nature of quenching effects, a sharp temperature gradient and mass transfer in liquid phase originated from laser high energy irradiation with strict directivity leads to the structural and morphological properties. (orig.)

Synthesis and characterization of Cu{sub 3}TaIn{sub 3}Se{sub 7} and CuTa{sub 2}InTe{sub 4}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calderon, E.; Munoz-Pinto, M.; Duran-Pina, S.; Quintero, M.; Quintero, E.; Morocoima, M. [Centro de Estudios de Semiconductores, Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Delgado, G.E. [Laboratorio de Cristalografia, Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Romero, H. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Briceno, J.M.; Fernandez, J. [Laboratorio de Analisis Quimico y Estructural (LAQUEM), Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Merida (Venezuela); Grima-Gallardo, P.

2008-07-15

Polycrystalline samples of Cu{sub 3}TaIn{sub 3}Se{sub 7} and CuTa{sub 2}InTe{sub 4} were synthesized by the usual melt and anneal technique. X-ray powder diffraction showed a single phase behavior for both samples with tetragonal symmetry and unit cell parameter values a=5.794{+-}0.002 A, c=11.66{+-}0.01 A, c/a=2.01, V=391{+-}1 A{sup 3} and a=6.193{+-}0.001 A, c=12.400 {+-}0.002A, c/a=2.00, V=475{+-}1 A{sup 3}, respectively. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements suggested a complicated behavior near the melting point with several thermal transitions observed in the heating and cooling runs. From the shape of the DTA peaks it was deduced that the melting is incongruent for both materials. Magnetic susceptibility measurements (zero-field cooling and field cooling) indicated an antiferromagnetic character with transition temperatures of T=70 K (Cu{sub 3}TaIn{sub 3}Se{sub 7}) and 42 K (CuTa{sub 2}InTe{sub 4}). A spin-glass transition was observed in Cu{sub 3}TaIn{sub 3}Se{sub 7} with T{sub f}{approx}50 K. (copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

On the interactions of human bone cells with Ti6Al4V thermally oxidized by means of laser shock processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crespo, Lara; Saldaña, Laura; Gomez-Barrena, Enrique; Vilaboa, Nuria; Hierro-Oliva, Margarita; Vadillo-Rodríguez, Virginia; González-Martín, María Luisa; Barriuso, Sandra; González-Carrasco, José Luis; Montealegre, M Ángeles

2016-01-01

We investigated a Ti6Al4V alloy modified by means of laser peening in the absence of sacrificial coatings. As a consequence of the temperature rise during laser focusing, melting and ablation generated an undulated surface that exhibits an important increase in the content of titanium oxides and OH− ions. Human mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts cultured on the oxidized alloy develop noticeable filopodia and lamellipodia. Their paxillin-stained focal adhesions are smaller than in cells attached to the untreated alloy and exhibit a marked loss of colocalization with the ends of actin stress fibers. An important imbalance of phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase is detected in cells grown on the oxidized alloy. Although these mechanisms of adhesion are deeply altered, the surface treatment does not affect cell attachment or proliferation rates on the alloy. Human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the treated alloy in media containing osteogenic inducers differentiate towards the osteoblastic phenotype to a higher extent than those on the untreated surface. Also, the specific functions of human osteoblasts cultured on these media are enhanced on the treated alloy. In summary, laser peening tailors the Ti6Al4V surface to yield an oxidized layer with increased roughness that allows the colonization and activities of bone-lineage cells. (paper)

Q-switched Nd:YAG/V:YAG microchip 1338 nm laser for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Šulc, Jan; Jelínková, Helena; Nejezchleb, Karel; Škoda, Václav

2017-12-01

Q-switched microchip laser emitting radiation at wavelength 1338nm was tested as a radiation source for laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This laser used sandwich crystal which combined in one piece the cooling part (undoped YAG crystal 4mm long), the active laser part (Nd:YAG crystal 12mm long), and the saturable absorber (V:YAG crystal 0.7mm long). The diameter of this crystal was 5 mm. The microchip resonator consisted of dielectric mirrors directly deposited on the monolith crystal surfaces. The pump mirror (HT @ 808 nm, HR @ 1.3 ¹m) was placed on the undoped YAG part. The output coupler (R = 90% @ 1338 nm) was placed on the V:YAG part. The fibre-coupled 808nm pumping laser diode was operating in pulsed regime (rep. rate 250 Hz, pulse width 300 ¹s, pulse energy 6 mJ). Using this pumping, stable and high reproducible Q-switched pulses were generated at wavelength 1338 nm. Pulse length was 6.2 ns (FWHM) and the mean output power was 33mW. The single pulse energy and peak power was 0.13mJ and 21kW, respectively. Laser was operating in fundamental TEM00 mode. The laser radiation was focused on a tested sample using single plano-convex lens (focal length 75 mm). The focal spot radius was 40 ¹m. The corresponding peak-power density was 0.83GW/cm2. The laser induced break-down was successfully reached and corresponding laser-induced plasma spectra were recorded for set of metallic elements (Cu, Ag, Au, In, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Cr) and alloys (Sn-Pb solder, duralumin, stainless-steel, brass). To record the spectra, StellarNet BLACK-Comet concave grating CCD-based spectrometer was used without any special collimation optics. Thanks to used laser wavelength far from the detector sensitivity, no special filtering was needed to overcome the CCD dazzling. The constructed laser could significantly improve repletion-rate of up-to-date LIBS devices.

Structure of the oxide film on Ti–6Ta alloy after immersion test in 8 mol/L boiling nitric acid medium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guo, Dizi, E-mail: diziguo@126.com; Yang, Yingli; Wu, Jinping; Zhao, Bin; Zhao, Hengzhang; Su, Hangbiao; Lu, Yafeng

2013-08-15

Highlights: •Structure of the oxide film on Ti–6Ta alloy is studied by depth profile XPS. •TiO{sub 2} and Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} are found in the top layer of the oxide film. •High valence oxide evolutes form Ti{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TaO. •Shielding effect of Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} leads to the enhanced corrosion resistance of Ti–Ta alloy. -- Abstract: By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigate the corrosion behavior and the structure of the oxide film of Ti–6Ta alloy that is subjected to the immersion corrosion test in 8 mol/L boiling nitric acid for 432 h. Based on the phase constitution indentified by depth profile XPS, the oxide film could be divided into three sub-layers along its thickness direction: the chemical stable TiO{sub 2} and Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} are present in layer I; the sub-oxide Ti{sub 2}O{sub 3} and TaO are present in the layer II and layer III, and the high valence oxide evolutes from their sub-oxide gradually. Owing to the shielding effect of Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5}, the corrosion rate of the Ti–6Ta alloy decreases from 0.051 mm/y to 0.014 mm/y with increasing immersion time, showing an excellent corrosion resistance in 8 mol/L boiling nitric acid.

Fabrication of large Ti–6Al–4V structures by direct laser deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiu, Chunlei; Ravi, G.A. [School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (United Kingdom); Dance, Chris; Ranson, Andrew; Dilworth, Steve [Integrated Operations, Manufacturing & Materials Engineering Department, BAE Systems Ltd (United Kingdom); Attallah, Moataz M., E-mail: m.m.attallah@bham.ac.uk [School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (United Kingdom)

2015-04-25

Highlights: • High laser power and a reasonably low powder feed rate are key to low porosity. • Scaling-up of samples requires smaller Z steps to achieve geometrical integrity. • HIPing effectively closed pores, changed microstructure and improved ductility. • Optimised processing conditions plus HIPing led to good quality Ti-64 structures. • HIPing helps recover shape of unclamped large structures from distortion. - Abstract: Ti–6Al–4V samples have been prepared by direct laser deposition (DLD) using varied processing conditions. Some of the as-fabricated samples were stress-relieved or hot isostatically pressed (HIPed). The microstructures of all the samples were characterised using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the tensile properties assessed. It was found that a high laser power together with a reasonably low powder feed rate was essential for achieving minimum porosity. The build height and geometrical integrity of samples were sensitive to the specified laser nozzle moving step along the build height direction (or Z step) with a too big Z step usually leading to a build height smaller than specified height (or under build) and a too small Z step to excessive building (or excess build). Particularly, scaling-up of samples requires a smaller Z step to obtain specified build height and geometry. The as-fabricated microstructure was characterised by columnar grains together with martensitic needle structure and a small fraction of β phase. This led generally to high tensile strengths but low elongations. The vertically machined samples showed even lower elongation than horizontally machined ones due to the presence of large lack-of-fusion pores at interlayer interfaces. HIPing effectively closed pores and fully transformed the martensites into lamellar α + β phases, which considerably improved ductility but caused slight reduction in strength. With optimisation of processing conditions

Laser polarization dependence of proton emission from a thin foil target irradiated by a 70 fs, intense laser pulse

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukumi, A.; Nishiuchi, M.; Daido, H.; Li, Z.; Sagisaka, A.; Ogura, K.; Orimo, S.; Kado, M.; Hayashi, Y.; Mori, M.; Bulanov, S.V.; Esirkepov, T.; Nemoto, K.; Oishi, Y.; Nayuki, T.; Fujii, T.; Noda, A.; Nakamura, S.

2005-01-01

A study of proton emission from a 3-μm-thick Ta foil target irradiated by p-, s-, and circularly polarized laser pulses with respect to the target plane has been carried out. Protons with energies up to 880 keV were observed in the target normal direction under the irradiation by the p-polarized laser pulse, which yielded the highest efficiency for proton emission. In contrast, s- and circularly polarized laser pulses gave the maximum energies of 610 and 680 keV, respectively. The difference in the maximum energy between the p- and s-polarized cases was associated with the difference between the sheath fields estimated from electron spectra

TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that regulates a suite of heat stress protection genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) including previously unknown Hsf targets.

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, Gang-Ping; Drenth, Janneke; McIntyre, C Lynne

2015-02-01

Heat stress is a significant environmental factor adversely affecting crop yield. Crop adaptation to high-temperature environments requires transcriptional reprogramming of a suite of genes involved in heat stress protection. This study investigated the role of TaHsfA6f, a member of the A6 subclass of heat shock transcription factors, in the regulation of heat stress protection genes in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), a poorly understood phenomenon in this crop species. Expression analysis showed that TaHsfA6f was expressed constitutively in green organs but was markedly up-regulated during heat stress. Overexpression of TaHsfA6f in transgenic wheat using a drought-inducible promoter resulted in up-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and a number of other heat stress protection genes that included some previously unknown Hsf target genes such as Golgi anti-apoptotic protein (GAAP) and the large isoform of Rubisco activase. Transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TaHsfA6f showed improved thermotolerance. Transactivation assays showed that TaHsfA6f activated the expression of reporter genes driven by the promoters of several HSP genes (TaHSP16.8, TaHSP17, TaHSP17.3, and TaHSP90.1-A1) as well as TaGAAP and TaRof1 (a co-chaperone) under non-stress conditions. DNA binding analysis revealed the presence of high-affinity TaHsfA6f-binding heat shock element-like motifs in the promoters of these six genes. Promoter truncation and mutagenesis analyses identified TaHsfA6f-binding elements that were responsible for transactivation of TaHSP90.1-A1 and TaGAAP by TaHsfA6f. These data suggest that TaHsfA6f is a transcriptional activator that directly regulates TaHSP, TaGAAP, and TaRof1 genes in wheat and its gene regulatory network has a positive impact on thermotolerance. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser-Clad (Co, Ni61.2B26.2Si7.8Ta4.8 Coatings

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Luan Zhang

2017-10-01

Full Text Available It has been reported that a quaternary Co61.2B26.2Si7.8Ta4.8 alloy is a good glass former and can be laser-clad to an amorphous composite coating with superior hardness and wear resistance. In this paper, alloys with varying Ni contents to substitute for Co are coated on the surface of #45 carbon steel using a 5-kW CO2 laser source for the purpose of obtaining protective coatings. In contrast to the quaternary case, the clad layers are characterized by a matrix of α-(Fe, Co, Ni solid solution plus CoB, Co3B, and Co3Ta types of precipitates. The cladding layer is divided into four regions: Near-surface dendrites, α-(Fe, Co, Ni solid solution plus dispersed particles in the middle zone, columnar bonding zone, and heat-affected area that consists of martensite. The hardness gradually decreases with increasing Ni content, and the maximum hardness occurs in the middle zone. Both the friction coefficient and wear volume are minimized in the alloy containing 12.2% Ni. Compared with the previous cobalt-based quaternary alloy Co61.2B26.2Si7.8Ta4.8, the addition of the Ni element reduces the glass-forming ability and henceforth the hardness and wear resistance of the clad layers.

Intense pulsed sources of ions and electrons produced by lasers; Sources pulsees intenses d'ions et d'electrons produites par laser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bourrabier, G [Centre de Recherche de la C.S.F., Corbeville (France); Consoli, T; Slama, L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-11-01

We describe a device for the acceleration of the plasma burst produced by focusing a laser beam into a metal target. We extract the electrons and the ions from the plasma. The maximum current is around 2000 amperes during few microseconds. The study of the effect of the kind of the target on the characteristics of the current shows the great importance of the initial conditions that is the ionisation potential of the target and the energy laser. (authors) [French] On decrit un dispositif destine a accelerer la bouffee de plasma produite par focalisation d'un faisceau laser sur une cible solide. On extrait du plasma les electrons et les ions. Le courant maximum atteint pres de 2000 amperes pendant quelques microsecondes. L'etude de l'effet de la nature de la cible sur les caracteristiques du courant collecte, met en evidence l'importance des conditions initiales (potentiel d'ionisation de la cible, energie du laser). (auteurs)

Ti-6Al-4V triply periodic minimal surface structures for bone implants fabricated via selective laser melting.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Chunze; Hao, Liang; Hussein, Ahmed; Young, Philippe

2015-11-01

Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have already been shown to be a versatile source of biomorphic scaffold designs. Therefore, in this work, Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid and Diamond TPMS lattices having an interconnected high porosity of 80-95% and pore sizes in the range of 560-1600 μm and 480-1450 μm respectively were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) for bone implants. The manufacturability, microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices were evaluated. Comparison between 3D micro-CT reconstructed models and original CAD models of the Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices shows excellent reproduction of the designs. The as-built Ti-6Al-4V struts exhibit the microstructure of columnar grains filled with very fine and orthogonally oriented α' martensitic laths with the width of 100-300 nm and have the microhardness of 4.01 ± 0.34 GPa. After heat treatment at 680°C for 4h, the α' martensite was converted to a mixture of α and β, in which the α phase being the dominant fraction is present as fine laths with the width of 500-800 nm and separated by a small amount of narrow, interphase regions of dark β phase. Also, the microhardness is decreased to 3.71 ± 0.35 GPa due to the coarsening of the microstructure. The 80-95% porosity TPMS lattices exhibit a comparable porosity with trabecular bone, and the modulus is in the range of 0.12-1.25 GPa and thus can be adjusted to the modulus of trabecular bone. At the same range of porosity of 5-10%, the moduli of cortical bone and of the Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices are in a similar range. Therefore, the modulus and porosity of Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices can be tailored to the levels of human bones and thus reduce or avoid "stress shielding" and increase longevity of implants. Due to the biomorphic designs, and high interconnected porosity and stiffness comparable to human bones, SLM-made Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices can be a promising material for load bearing bone implants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier

Performance of High Layer Thickness in Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V

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Xuezhi Shi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available To increase building rate and save cost, the selective laser melting (SLM of Ti6Al4V with a high layer thickness (200 μm and low cost coarse powders (53 μm–106 μm at a laser power of 400 W is investigated in this preliminary study. A relatively large laser beam with a diameter of 200 μm is utilized to produce a stable melt pool at high layer thickness, and the appropriate scanning track, which has a smooth surface with a shallow contact angle, can be obtained at the scanning speeds from 40 mm/s to 80 mm/s. By adjusting the hatch spacings, the density of multi-layer samples can be up to 99.99%, which is much higher than that achieved in previous studies about high layer thickness selective laser melting. Meanwhile, the building rate can be up to 7.2 mm3/s, which is about 2 times–9 times that of the commercial equipment. Besides, two kinds of defects are observed: the large un-melted defects and the small spherical micropores. The formation of the un-melted defects is mainly attributed to the inappropriate overlap rates and the unstable scanning tracks, which can be eliminated by adjusting the processing parameters. Nevertheless, the micropores cannot be completely eliminated. It is worth noting that the high layer thickness plays a key role on surface roughness rather than tensile properties during the SLM process. Although a sample with a relatively coarse surface is generated, the average values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation are 1050 MPa, 1140 MPa, and 7.03%, respectively, which are not obviously different than those with the thin layer thickness used in previous research; this is due to the similar metallurgical bonding and microstructure.

Performance of High Layer Thickness in Selective Laser Melting of Ti6Al4V.

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Xuezhi; Ma, Shuyuan; Liu, Changmeng; Chen, Cheng; Wu, Qianru; Chen, Xianping; Lu, Jiping

2016-12-01

To increase building rate and save cost, the selective laser melting (SLM) of Ti6Al4V with a high layer thickness (200 μm) and low cost coarse powders (53 μm-106 μm) at a laser power of 400 W is investigated in this preliminary study. A relatively large laser beam with a diameter of 200 μm is utilized to produce a stable melt pool at high layer thickness, and the appropriate scanning track, which has a smooth surface with a shallow contact angle, can be obtained at the scanning speeds from 40 mm/s to 80 mm/s. By adjusting the hatch spacings, the density of multi-layer samples can be up to 99.99%, which is much higher than that achieved in previous studies about high layer thickness selective laser melting. Meanwhile, the building rate can be up to 7.2 mm³/s, which is about 2 times-9 times that of the commercial equipment. Besides, two kinds of defects are observed: the large un-melted defects and the small spherical micropores. The formation of the un-melted defects is mainly attributed to the inappropriate overlap rates and the unstable scanning tracks, which can be eliminated by adjusting the processing parameters. Nevertheless, the micropores cannot be completely eliminated. It is worth noting that the high layer thickness plays a key role on surface roughness rather than tensile properties during the SLM process. Although a sample with a relatively coarse surface is generated, the average values of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation are 1050 MPa, 1140 MPa, and 7.03%, respectively, which are not obviously different than those with the thin layer thickness used in previous research; this is due to the similar metallurgical bonding and microstructure.

Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments, No. 17, July - September 1974

Science.gov (United States)

1975-01-29

dye lasers. Academia Scientiarum Hungaricae. Acta Physica . no. 1-4, 1974, 63-71. 55. Stepanov. B. I.. A. N. Rubinov. and V...FGLV FiKhOM FTP FTT GiK IAN Arm IAN B IAN Fiz IAN TK IAN Uz IT rvuz Fiz IV UZ Geod A( ta physica polonica Bulletin de l’Academie...Kozma (0). Calculating the generation frequency of dye lasers in a quasistationary regime. Acta phys. et chem. Szeged. v. 19. no

Characterization of novel heat-responsive transcription factor (TaHSFA6e) gene involved in regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) - A key member of heat stress-tolerance network of wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Ranjeet R; Goswami, Suneha; Singh, Khushboo; Dubey, Kavita; Rai, Gyanendra K; Singh, Bhupinder; Singh, Shivdhar; Grover, Monendra; Mishra, Dwijesh; Kumar, Sanjeev; Bakshi, Suman; Rai, Anil; Pathak, Himanshu; Chinnusamy, Viswanathan; Praveen, Shelly

2018-08-10

Heat stress has an adverse effect on the quality and quantity of agriculturally important crops, especially wheat. The tolerance mechanism has not been explored much in wheat and very few genes/ TFs responsive to heat stress is available on public domain. Here, we identified, cloned and characterized a putative TaHSFA6e TF gene of 1.3 kb from wheat cv. HD2985. We observed an ORF of 368 aa with Hsf DNA binding signature domain in the amino acid sequence. Single copy number of TaHSFA6e was observed integrated in the genome of wheat. Expression analysis of TaHSFA6e under differential HS showed maximum transcripts in wheat cv. Halna (thermotolerant) in response to 38 °C for 2 h during pollination and grain-filling stages, as compared to PBW343, HD2329 and HD2985. Putative target genes of TaHSFA6e (HSP17, HSP70 and HSP90) showed upregulation in response to differential HS (30 & 38 °C, 2 h) during pollination and grain-filling stages. Small HSP17 was observed most triggered in Halna under HS. We observed increase in the catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and decrease in the lipid peroxidation in thermotolerant cvs. (Halna, HD2985), as compared to thermosusceptible (PBW343, HD2329) under differential HS. Multiple stresses (heat - 38 °C, 2 h, and drought - 100 mL of 20% polyethylene Glycol 6000) during seedling stage of wheat showed positive correlation between the expression of TaHSFA6e, putative targets (HSP70, HSP90, HSP17) and TAC. Halna (thermotolerant) performed better, as compared to other contrasting cvs. TaHSFA6e TF can be used as promising candidate gene for manipulating the heat stress-tolerance network. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence des conditions initiales sur l'évolution d'une onde de choc induite par impulsion laser

OpenAIRE

Cottet , F.; Romain , J.P.

1983-01-01

L'évolution d'un choc de forte amplitude induit par une impulsion laser dans une cible solide est décrite à l'aide d'un modèle hydrodynamique, précisant un modèle antérieur par la prise en compte du déplacement de la surface avant de la cible sous l'effet de la pression d'ablation. Ce modèle est également utilisé pour étudier l'influence du profil initial de pression sur l'amortissement de l'onde de choc au cours de sa propagation.

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Composite Coating by Laser Cladding Al/TiN on the Ti-6Al-4V Substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, H. X.; Yu, H. J.; Chen, C. Z.

2015-05-01

The composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding Al/TiN pre-placed powders on Ti-6Al-4V substrate for enhancing wear resistance and hardness of the substrate. The composite coatings were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The sliding wear tests were performed by MM200 wear test machine. The hardness of the coatings was tested by HV-1000 hardness tester. After laser cladding, it was found that there was a good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate. The composite coatings were mainly composed of the matrix of β-Ti (Al) and the reinforcements of titanium nitride (TiN), Ti3Al, TiAl and Al3Ti. The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings on four samples were greatly improved, among which sample 4 exhibited the highest hardness and best wear resistance. The hardness of the coating on sample 4 was approximately 2.5 times of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate. And the wear resistance of sample 4 was four times of the substrate.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Losertová, M.; Kubeš, V.

2017-11-01

The present work was focused on the properties of porous Ti6Al4V specimens processed by selective laser melting (SLM) and tested in tension and compression before and after heat treatment. The SLM samples were annealed at 955 °C, water quenched and aged at 600 °C with following air cooling. The values of the mechanical tests showed that the samples exhibited high mechanical properties. The anisotropy of tensile and compressive strength was observed, which was related to the occurrence of voids. The plastic properties of specimens were improved by means of the heat treatment that led to the transformation of martensitic to lamellar structure composed of α + β phases. The microstructure of SLM samples were evaluated before and after the heat treatment. The brittle nature of failures of non-heat treated samples can be explained by synergy of martensite presence, microcracks and residual stresses produced by SLM.

Magnetic structure of the quasi-two-dimensional compound CoTa{sub 2}O{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinast, E.J. [Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua 7 de Setembro, 1156, 90010-191 Porto Alegre (Brazil); Santos, C.A. dos [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre (Brazil); Schmitt, D. [Laboratoire de Geophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, Universite Joseph Fourier, B. P. 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Isnard, O., E-mail: olivier.isnard@grenoble.cnrs.f [Institut Neel, CNRS/Universite Jospeh Fourier, avenue des martyrs B. P. 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 (France); Gusmao, M.A.; Cunha, J.B.M. da [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15051, 91501-970 Porto Alegre (Brazil)

2010-02-18

We report on a detailed investigation of magnetic properties of CoTa{sub 2}O{sub 6} using several techniques: neutron and X-ray diffraction, specific-heat, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetization measurements. The compound shows quasi-two-dimensional behavior due to its layered structure of alternating Co-O and Ta-O planes. We find that all magnetic moments lie entirely in the Co-O planes, along easy axes determined by the orientations of oxygen octahedra that surround the Co ions. The easy axes in successive magnetic planes have relative orientations that differ by 90{sup o}. Antiferromagnetic ordering is observed below 6.6 K, with propagation vectors ({+-}1/4,1/4,1/4) associated to the two non-equivalent sets of Co{sup 2+} ions, whose magnetic moments are perpendicularly oriented.

Hierarchical micro-nano structured Ti6Al4V surface topography via two-step etching process for enhanced hydrophilicity and osteoblastic responses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moon, Byeong-Seok; Kim, Sungwon; Kim, Hyoun-Ee; Jang, Tae-Sik, E-mail: cgamja@snu.ac.kr

2017-04-01

Hierarchical micro-nano (HMN) surface structuring of dental implants is a fascinating strategy for achieving fast and mechanically stable fixation due to the synergetic effect of micro- and nano-scale surface roughness with surrounding tissues. However, the introduction of a well-defined nanostructure on a microstructure having complex surface geometry is still challenging. As a means of fabricating HMN surface on Ti6Al4V-ELI, target-ion induced plasma sputtering (TIPS) was used onto a sand-blasted, large-grit and acid-etched substrate. The HMN surface topography was simply controlled by adjusting the tantalum (Ta) target power of the TIPS technique, which is directly related to the Ta ion flux and the surface chemical composition of the substrate. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser scanning microscopy (LSM) verified that well-defined nano-patterned surface structures with a depth of ~ 300 to 400 nm and a width of ~ 60 to 70 nm were uniformly distributed and followed the complex micron-sized surface geometry. In vitro cellular responses of pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were assessed by attachment and proliferation of cells on flat, nano-roughened, micro-roughened, and an HMN surface structure of Ti6Al4V-ELI. Moreover, an in vivo dog mandible defect model study was used to investigate the biological effect of the HMN surface structure compared with the micro-roughened surface. The results showed that the surface nanostructure significantly increased the cellular activities of flat and micro-roughened Ti, and the bone-to-implant contact area and new bone volume were significantly improved on the HMN surface structured Ti. These results support the idea that an HMN surface structure on Ti6Al4V-ELI alloy has great potential for enhancing the biological performance of dental implants. - Highlights: • A micro-nano-hierarchical (MNH) surface structure on Ti6Al4V-ELI was fabricated via TIPS

Hierarchical micro-nano structured Ti6Al4V surface topography via two-step etching process for enhanced hydrophilicity and osteoblastic responses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moon, Byeong-Seok; Kim, Sungwon; Kim, Hyoun-Ee; Jang, Tae-Sik

2017-01-01

Hierarchical micro-nano (HMN) surface structuring of dental implants is a fascinating strategy for achieving fast and mechanically stable fixation due to the synergetic effect of micro- and nano-scale surface roughness with surrounding tissues. However, the introduction of a well-defined nanostructure on a microstructure having complex surface geometry is still challenging. As a means of fabricating HMN surface on Ti6Al4V-ELI, target-ion induced plasma sputtering (TIPS) was used onto a sand-blasted, large-grit and acid-etched substrate. The HMN surface topography was simply controlled by adjusting the tantalum (Ta) target power of the TIPS technique, which is directly related to the Ta ion flux and the surface chemical composition of the substrate. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser scanning microscopy (LSM) verified that well-defined nano-patterned surface structures with a depth of ~ 300 to 400 nm and a width of ~ 60 to 70 nm were uniformly distributed and followed the complex micron-sized surface geometry. In vitro cellular responses of pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were assessed by attachment and proliferation of cells on flat, nano-roughened, micro-roughened, and an HMN surface structure of Ti6Al4V-ELI. Moreover, an in vivo dog mandible defect model study was used to investigate the biological effect of the HMN surface structure compared with the micro-roughened surface. The results showed that the surface nanostructure significantly increased the cellular activities of flat and micro-roughened Ti, and the bone-to-implant contact area and new bone volume were significantly improved on the HMN surface structured Ti. These results support the idea that an HMN surface structure on Ti6Al4V-ELI alloy has great potential for enhancing the biological performance of dental implants. - Highlights: • A micro-nano-hierarchical (MNH) surface structure on Ti6Al4V-ELI was fabricated via TIPS

Flux-mediated syntheses, structural characterization and low-temperature polymorphism of the p-type semiconductor Cu2Ta4O11

Science.gov (United States)

King, Nacole; Sullivan, Ian; Watkins-Curry, Pilanda; Chan, Julia Y.; Maggard, Paul A.

2016-04-01

A new low-temperature polymorph of the copper(I)-tantalate, α-Cu2Ta4O11, has been synthesized in a molten CuCl-flux reaction at 665 °C for 1 h and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinements (space group Cc (#9), a=10.734(1) Å, b = 6.2506(3) Å, c=12.887(1) Å, β = 106.070(4)°). The α-Cu2Ta4O11 phase is a lower-symmetry monoclinic polymorph of the rhombohedral Cu2Ta4O11 structure (i.e., β-Cu2Ta4O11 space group R 3 ̅ c (#167), a = 6.2190(2) Å, c=37.107(1) Å), and related crystallographically by ahex=amono/√3, bhex=bmono, and chex=3cmonosinβmono. Its structure is similar to the rhombohedral β-Cu2Ta4O11 and is composed of single layers of highly-distorted and edge-shared TaO7 and TaO6 polyhedra alternating with layers of nearly linearly-coordinated Cu(I) cations and isolated TaO6 octahedra. Temperature dependent powder X-ray diffraction data show the α-Cu2Ta4O11 phase is relatively stable under vacuum at 223 K and 298 K, but reversibly transforms to β-Cu2Ta4O11 by at least 523 K and higher temperatures. The symmetry-lowering distortions from β-Cu2Ta4O11 to α-Cu2Ta4O11 arise from the out-of-center displacements of the Ta 5d0 cations in the TaO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of the monoclinic α-Cu2Ta4O11 shows an indirect bandgap transition of ∼2.6 eV, with the higher-energy direct transitions starting at ∼2.7 eV. Photoelectrochemical measurements on polycrystalline films of α-Cu2Ta4O11 show strong cathodic photocurrents of ∼1.5 mA/cm2 under AM 1.5 G solar irradiation.

Effects of warm laser peening at elevated temperature on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, J.Z.; Meng, X.K., E-mail: mengdetiankong10@126.com; Huang, S.; Sheng, J.; Lu, J.Z.; Yang, Z.R.; Su, C.

2015-09-03

This study focused on the effects of warm laser peening (WLP) on the fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy during low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests. The Ti6Al4V specimens were treated by laser peening at room temperature (RT-LP) and WLP at elevated temperatures from 100 °C to 400 °C. The residual stress relaxation (RSR) tests and LCF tests were conducted subsequently. In addition, the microstructure analysis of fracture surfaces was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the fracture mechanism of the untreated, RT-LPed and 300 °C-WLPed samples during LCF was revealed. It is found that although the compressive residual stress (CRS) induced by WLP decreases at elevated temperatures, the depth and stability of CRS increase with the increasing treatment temperature, which help to retard the early fatigue crack initiation. Moreover, for the 300 °C-WLPed specimens, the growth rate of effective cracks is decreased and the lengths of crack growth paths are increased by the induced high angle boundaries (HABs) and nano-precipitates. Therefore, specimens treated by WLP at 300 °C are found to have a significantly extended fatigue life when subjected to low-cycle loads. This extended fatigue life is attributed to the great depth and stability of introduced CRS, as well as the enhanced fracture toughness. It can be concluded that 300 °C is the optimal temperature for WLP of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy from the perspective of LCF improvement.

Novel rare-earth-free yellow Ca5Zn3.92In0.08(V0.99Ta0.01O4)6 phosphors for dazzling white light-emitting diodes.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavitra, E; Raju, G Seeta Rama; Park, Jin Young; Wang, Lili; Moon, Byung Kee; Yu, Jae Su

2015-05-20

White light-emitting diode (WLED) products currently available on the market are based on the blue LED combined with yellow phosphor approach. However, these WLEDs are still insufficient for general illumination and flat panel display (FPD) applications because of their low color-rendering index (CRI UV) LED chips provide more efficient excitation than blue chips, YAG:Ce(3+) phosphors have very weak excitation in the near-UV spectral region. Hence, there is an increasing demand for novel yellow phosphor materials with excitation in the near-UV region. In this work, we report novel self-activated yellow Ca(5)Zn(3.92)In(0.08)(V(0.99)Ta(0.01)O(4))(6) (CZIVT) phosphors that efficiently convert near-UV excitation light into yellow luminescence. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of these CZIVT phosphors are elucidated through Rietveld refinement. Through doping with In(3+) and Ta(5+) ions, the emission intensity is enhanced in the red region, and the Stokes shift is controlled to obtain good color rendition. When a near-UV LED chip is coated with a combination of CZIVT and commercial blue Ba(0.9)Eu(0.1)MgAl(10)O(17) phosphors, a pleasant WLED with a high CRI of 82.51 and a low CCT of 5231 K, which are essential for indoor illumination and FPDs, is achieved.

Arrays of 3D micro-columns generated by laser ablation of Ta and steel: modelling of a black body emitter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bensaoula, A.; Boney, C.; Pillai, R.; Starikov, D. [Texas Center for Superconductivity and Advanced Materials, University of Houston, Houston, TX (United States); Shafeev, G.A.; Simakin, A.V. [Wave Research Center, General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38, Vavilov Street, 119991, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2004-09-01

Three-dimensional extended arrays of micro-columns are generated on the surface of Ta and several stainless steels by their ablation by radiation of a Cu vapor laser either in vacuum or in air. The reflectivity of the arrays is tested in both visible and near-IR regions using the facilities at NASA Johnson Space Center. The reflectivity of the laser-treated areas was found to be very low (0.03-0.08) in the range 250-2800 nm. The emissivity of 3D arrays measured at elevated temperatures is close to the emissivity of a calibrated black body emitter. The effects of the experimental conditions of ablation (laser fluence, environment, etc.) on the integral optical characteristics of the generated arrays are discussed. (orig.)

Neutron spectrum at 900 from 800 MeV (p,n) reactions on a Ta target

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Howe, S.D.; Lisowski, P.W.; King, N.S.P.; Russell, G.J.; Donnert, H.J.

1979-01-01

The neutron time-of-flight spectrum produced by a thick tantalum target bombarded by 800-MeV protons was measured at an angle of 90 0 . The data were taken at the Weapons Neutron Research facility by use of a cylindrical Ta target with a radius of 1.27 cm and a length of 15 cm. An NE-213 liquid scintillator was used to detect the neutrons over an energy range of 0.5 to 350 MeV. The neutron yield is presented and compared to a intranuclear-cascade/evaporation model prediction. 3 figures

Oxidative addition of diphenyl disulfide across a Ta=Ta bond. Preparation and characterization of [TaCl3(Me2S)]2(μ-SPh)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campbell, G.C.; Canich, J.A.M; Cotton, F.A.; Duraj, S.A.; Haw, J.F.

1986-01-01

The tantalum complex (SMe 2 )Cl 2 Ta(μ-Cl) 2 (μ-SMe 2 )TaCl 2 (SMe 2 ), possessing a sigma 2 π 2 Ta=Ta double bond, reacts readily with PhSSPh to give (SMe 2 )Cl 3 Ta(μ-SPh) 2 TaCl 2 (SMe 2 ). In this reaction, the starting material loses the bridging SMe 2 ligand and two chloride bridges are broken while only two new SPh bridges are formed in the final product. This oxidative-addition reaction of the S-S single bond to the Ta=Ta double bond converts the face-sharing bioctahedron structure of the starting compound to an edge-sharing bioctahedron structure in the final dimer, with concomitant change of the oxidation state of tantalum from III to IV. The product is the first example of a d 1 -d 1 ditantalum thiolate-bridged dimer. Important structural data for (SMe 2 )Cl 3 Ta(μ-SPh) 2 TaCl 3 (SMe 2 ), which has an inversion center, are determined. The new compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 17.934 (5) A, b = 12.445 (4) A, c = 11.705 (4) A, β = 92.50 (3) 0 , V = 2610 (2) A 3 , and Z = 4. Solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy with cross polarization and magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) at 28 and -103 0 C provides evidence that this compound is diamagnetic. 12 references, 3 figures, 4 tables

Corrosion resistance characteristics of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy scaffold that is fabricated by electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Bingjing; Wang, Hong [Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing (China); Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Liaoning Medical University (China); Qiao, Ning [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing (China); Wang, Chao [School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (China); Hu, Min, E-mail: humin48@vip.163.com [Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing (China)

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated with electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo. Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens were fabricated with electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). A wrought form of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was used as a control. Surface morphology observation, component analysis, corrosion resistance experimental results, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, crevice corrosion resistance experimental results, immersion test and metal ions precipitation analysis were processed, respectively. The thermal stability of EBM specimen was the worst, based on the result of open circuit potential (OCP) result. The result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential. The result of potentiodynamic polarization suggested that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential (< 1.5 V) and EBM specimen was the best under the high electric potential (> 1.5 V).The crevice corrosion resistance of the EBM specimen was the best. The corrosion resistance of SLM specimen was the best, based on the result of immersion test. The content of Ti, Al and V ions of EBM, SLM and wrought specimens was very low. In general, the scaffolds that were fabricated with EBM and SLM had good corrosion resistance, and were suitable for implantation in vivo. - Highlights: • EBM and SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy have good corrosion resistance, and both of them can be applied in vivo. • SLM Ti-6Al-4V alloy was more suitable for implantation in vivo than that of EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. • The crevice corrosion resistance of the EBM specimen is the best. • EBM and SLM specimens can form oxide film.

Carbonitrides in the system Ta-TaC-TaN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, H.J.

1975-04-01

Specimens have been prepared in the binary section TaC-TaN and the carbon-rich region of the Ta-TaC-TaN system by hot pressing and subsequent homogenisation. It was possible to prepare nitrogen-rich carbonitrides by homogenizing them at 1,800 0 C under a nitrogen-pressure of 50 at up to the composition of 70 mol% TaN/30 mol% TaC. Those carbonitrides containing less than 25 at% nitrogen could be prepared by homogenisation at 2,000 0 C under a nitrogen-pressure of 600 Torr. Subsequent ageing at temperatures of 1,200, 1,300 and 1,400 0 C in high vacuum as well as at 1 at nitrogen resulted in the appearance of precipitations of epsilon-TaN, β-Ta 2 (C,N) and of the zeta-phase. The type amount and shape of the precipitated phases are dependent on the ageing conditions and on the composition the specimens. Single phase specimens with compositions close to the non-metal deficient phase boundary as well as multi-phase carbonitrides with high nitrogen contents and very fine precipitates showed values of the Vickers-hardness up to 3,000 kp/mm 2 at room temperature. With regard to the hot hardness up to a temperature of 1,300 0 C specimens aged in high vacuum were superior to those which were only homogenized as well as to those aged under a nitrogen-pressure of 1 at. On an average the best hardness-values have been found at room temperature as well as at temperatures up to 1,300 0 C for carbonitrides consisting of 50 mol% TaC/50 mol% TaN after homogenisation and subsequent ageing for 40 h at 1,300 0 C. (orig.) [de

Combined experimental and theoretical assessments of the lattice dynamics and optoelectronics of TaON and Ta3N5

KAUST Repository

Nurlaela, Ela

2015-06-15

Presented herein is a detailed discussion of the properties of the lattice dynamic and optoelectronic properties of tantalum(V) oxynitride (TaON) and tantalum(V) nitride (Ta3N5), from experimental and theoretical standpoint. The active Raman and infra red (IR) frequencies of TaON and Ta3N5 were measured using confocal Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies (FTIR) and calculated using the linear response method within the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). The detailed study leads to an exhaustive description of the spectra, including the symmetry of the vibrational modes. Electronic structures of these materials were computed using DFT within the range-separated hybrid HSE06 exchange–correlation formalism. Electronic and ionic contributions to the dielectric constant tensors of these materials were obtained from DFPT within the linear response method using the PBE functional. Furthermore, effective mass of photogenerated holes and electrons at the band edges of these compounds were computed from the electronic band structure obtained at the DFT/HSE06 level of theory. The results suggest that anisotropic nature in TaON and Ta3N5 is present in terms of dielectric constant and effective masses.

Combined experimental and theoretical assessments of the lattice dynamics and optoelectronics of TaON and Ta3N5

KAUST Repository

Nurlaela, Ela; Harb, Moussab; Del Gobbo, Silvano; Vashishta, Manish; Takanabe, Kazuhiro

2015-01-01

Presented herein is a detailed discussion of the properties of the lattice dynamic and optoelectronic properties of tantalum(V) oxynitride (TaON) and tantalum(V) nitride (Ta3N5), from experimental and theoretical standpoint. The active Raman and infra red (IR) frequencies of TaON and Ta3N5 were measured using confocal Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies (FTIR) and calculated using the linear response method within the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). The detailed study leads to an exhaustive description of the spectra, including the symmetry of the vibrational modes. Electronic structures of these materials were computed using DFT within the range-separated hybrid HSE06 exchange–correlation formalism. Electronic and ionic contributions to the dielectric constant tensors of these materials were obtained from DFPT within the linear response method using the PBE functional. Furthermore, effective mass of photogenerated holes and electrons at the band edges of these compounds were computed from the electronic band structure obtained at the DFT/HSE06 level of theory. The results suggest that anisotropic nature in TaON and Ta3N5 is present in terms of dielectric constant and effective masses.

Investigation of the microstructure and surface morphology of a Ti6Al4V plate fabricated by vacuum selective laser melting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sato, Yuji; Tsukamoto, Masahiro; Masuno, Shinichiro; Abe, Nobuyuki [Osaka University, Joining and Welding Research Institute, Ibaraki, Osaka (Japan); Yamashita, Yorihiro [Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa (Japan); Yamashita, Kensuke; Tanigawa, Daichi [Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Osaka (Japan)

2016-04-15

As an additive manufacturing technology, the selective laser melting (SLM) process is useful to directly form complicated shapes. The SLM process in a vacuum has been used to fabricate three-dimensional Ti6Al4V (Ti64) plates because this method can control the phase transformation. To investigate the laser melting and solidification dynamics, the formation of a Ti64 plate by SLM in a vacuum was captured by a high-speed video camera. Due to the effects of temperature and scanning speed on the phase transformation, the crystal orientation was evaluated with X-ray diffraction. A phase transformation of the crystal orientation occurred as the baseplate temperature was heated up from 50 to 150 C. (orig.)

Investigation of the microstructure and surface morphology of a Ti6Al4V plate fabricated by vacuum selective laser melting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Yuji; Tsukamoto, Masahiro; Masuno, Shinichiro; Abe, Nobuyuki; Yamashita, Yorihiro; Yamashita, Kensuke; Tanigawa, Daichi

2016-01-01

As an additive manufacturing technology, the selective laser melting (SLM) process is useful to directly form complicated shapes. The SLM process in a vacuum has been used to fabricate three-dimensional Ti6Al4V (Ti64) plates because this method can control the phase transformation. To investigate the laser melting and solidification dynamics, the formation of a Ti64 plate by SLM in a vacuum was captured by a high-speed video camera. Due to the effects of temperature and scanning speed on the phase transformation, the crystal orientation was evaluated with X-ray diffraction. A phase transformation of the crystal orientation occurred as the baseplate temperature was heated up from 50 to 150 C. (orig.)

Corrosion of Ti6Al4V pins produced by direct metal laser sintering

Science.gov (United States)

de Damborenea, J. J.; Arenas, M. A.; Larosa, Maria Aparecida; Jardini, André Luiz; de Carvalho Zavaglia, Cecília Amélia; Conde, A.

2017-01-01

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique allows the manufacturing a wide variety of medical devices for any type of prosthetic surgery (HIP, dental, cranial, maxillofacial) as well as for internal fixation devices (K-Wires or Steinmann Pins). There are a large number of research studies on DMLS, including microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and those based on production quality assurance but the influence of porosity in the corrosion behavior of these materials not been sufficiently considered. In the present paper, surgical pins of Ti6Al4V have been produced by DMLS. After testing in a phosphate buffered saline solution, the surface of the titanium alloy appeared locally covered by a voluminous white oxide. This unexpected behavior was presumably due to the existence of internal defects in the pins as result of the manufacturing process. The importance of these defects-that might act as crevice nucleation sites- has been revealed by electrochemical techniques and confirmed by computed tomography.

TaEDS1 genes positively regulate resistance to powdery mildew in wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Guiping; Wei, Bo; Li, Guoliang; Gong, Caiyan; Fan, Renchun; Zhang, Xiangqi

2018-04-01

Three EDS1 genes were cloned from common wheat and were demonstrated to positively regulate resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The EDS1 proteins play important roles in plant basal resistance and TIR-NB-LRR protein-triggered resistance in dicots. Until now, there have been very few studies on EDS1 in monocots, and none in wheat. Here, we report on three common wheat orthologous genes of EDS1 family (TaEDS1-5A, 5B and 5D) and their function in powdery mildew resistance. Comparisons of these genes with their orthologs in diploid ancestors revealed that EDS1 is a conserved gene family in Triticeae. The cDNA sequence similarity among the three TaEDS1 genes was greater than 96.5%, and they shared sequence similarities of more than 99.6% with the respective orthologs from diploid ancestors. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EDS1 family originated prior to the differentiation of monocots and dicots, and EDS1 members have since undergone clear structural differentiation. The transcriptional levels of TaEDS1 genes in the leaves were obviously higher than those of the other organs, and they were induced by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. The BSMV-VIGS experiments indicated that knock-down the transcriptional levels of the TaEDS1 genes in a powdery mildew-resistant variety of common wheat compromised resistance. Contrarily, transient overexpression of TaEDS1 genes in a susceptible common wheat variety significantly reduced the haustorium index and attenuated the growth of Bgt. Furthermore, the expression of TaEDS1 genes in the Arabidopsis mutant eds1-1 complemented its susceptible phenotype to powdery mildew. The above evidences strongly suggest that TaEDS1 acts as a positive regulator and confers resistance against powdery mildew in common wheat.

Total neutron cross section for 181Ta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schilling K.-D.

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The neutron time of flight facility nELBE, produces fast neutrons in the energy range from 0.1 MeV to 10 MeV by impinging a pulsed relativistic electron beam on a liquid lead circuit [1]. The short beam pulses (∼10 ps and a small radiator volume give an energy resolution better than 1% at 1 MeV using a short flight path of about 6 m, for neutron TOF measurements. The present neutron source provides 2 ⋅ 104  n/cm2s at the target position using an electron charge of 77 pC and 100 kHz pulse repetition rate. This neutron intensity enables to measure neutron total cross section with a 2%–5% statistical uncertainty within a few days. In February 2008, neutron radiator, plastic detector [2] and data acquisition system were tested by measurements of the neutron total cross section for 181Ta and 27Al. Measurement of 181Ta was chosen because lack of high quality data in an anergy region below 700 keV. The total neutron cross – section for 27Al was measured as a control target, since there exists data for 27Al with high resolution and low statistical error [3].

Comparative study of Ta, TaN and Ta/TaN bi-layer barriers for Cu-ultra low-k porous polymer integration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, L.Y.; Zhang, D.H.; Li, C.Y.; Foo, P.D.

2004-01-01

Tantalum (Ta), TaN and bilayer Ta/TaN barriers deposited on ultra-low-k porous polymer (ULKPP) and the thermal stability of their structures are comparatively investigated using various techniques. The Ta/ultra-low-k polymer shows the smallest sheet resistance, but the poorest thermal stability, while TaN on the ultra-low-k polymer shows the highest resistance but the best thermal stability. The bi-layer Ta/TaN barrier takes the advantage of both Ta and TaN barriers and gives reasonable resistance and thermal stability. The electrical tests indicate that the Cu lines with the TaN and bi-layer Ta/TaN barriers exhibit the smaller leakage current and higher breakdown voltage compared with the Cu lines with the Ta barrier. The better thermal stability of the TaN and the bi-layer Ta/TaN barriers is mainly due to the amorphous/nanostructure and less grain boundaries of the barriers. In addition, the texture discontinuity at the Ta/TaN interfaces in the bi-layers barrier also plays an important role in reducing mutual diffusion of Ta atoms in the Ta barrier and some atoms in the ultra-low-k porous polymer

Structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of TaB2, TaB, IrB2, and IrB: First-principle calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Wenjie; Wang Yuanxu

2009-01-01

First-principle calculations were performed to investigate the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of TaB 2 , TaB, IrB 2 , and IrB. The calculated equilibrium structural parameters, shear modulus, and Young's modulus of TaB 2 are well consistent with the available experimental data, and TaB 2 with P6/mmm space group has stronger directional bonding between ions than WB 2 , OsB 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 . For TaB 2 , the hexagonal P6/mmm structure is more stable than the orthorhombic Pmmn one, while for IrB 2 the orthorhombic Pmmn structure is the most stable one. The high shear modulus of P6/mmm phase TaB 2 is mainly due to the strong covalent π-bonding of B-hexagon in the (0001) plane. Such a B-hexagon network can strongly resist against an applied [112-bar0] (0001) shear deformation. Correlation between the hardness and the elastic constants of TaB 2 was discussed. The band structure shows that P6/mmm phase TaB 2 and Pmmn phase IrB 2 are both metallic. The calculations show that both TaB and IrB are elastically stable with the hexagonal P6 3 /mmc structure. - Elastic constant c 44 of TaB 2 is calculated to be 235 GPa. This value is exceptionally high, exceeding those of WB 2 , OsB 2 , WB 4 , OsN 2 , IrN 2 , and PtN 2 .

Osteoblast interaction with laser cladded HA and SiO2-HA coatings on Ti-6Al-4V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Yuling; Serpersu, Kaan; He Wei; Paital, Sameer R.; Dahotre, Narendra B.

2011-01-01

In order to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of titanium endosseous implants, the morphology and composition of the surfaces were modified. Polished Ti-6Al-4V substrates were coated by a laser cladding process with different precursors: 100 wt.% HA and 25 wt.% SiO 2 -HA. X-ray diffraction of the laser processed samples showed the presence of CaTiO 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and Ca 2 SiO 4 phases within the coatings. From in vitro studies, it was observed that compared to the unmodified substrate all laser cladded samples presented improved cellular interactions and bioactivity. The samples processed with 25 wt.% SiO 2 -HA precursor showed a significantly higher HA precipitation after immersion in simulated body fluid than 100 wt.% HA precursor and titanium substrates. The in vitro biocompatibility of the laser cladded coatings and titanium substrate was investigated by culturing of mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell line and analyzing the cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell morphology. A significantly higher cell attachment and proliferation rate were observed for both laser cladded 100 wt.% HA and 25 wt.% SiO 2 -HA samples. Compared to 100 wt.% HA sample, 25 wt.% SiO 2 -HA samples presented a slightly improved cellular interaction due to the addition of SiO 2 . The staining of the actin filaments showed that the laser cladded samples induced a normal cytoskeleton and well-developed focal adhesion contacts. Scanning electron microscopic image of the cell cultured samples revealed better cell attachment and spreading for 25 wt.% SiO 2 -HA and 100 wt.% HA coatings than titanium substrate. These results suggest that the laser cladding process improves the bioactivity and biocompatibility of titanium. The observed biological improvements are mainly due to the coating induced changes in surface chemistry and surface morphology. Highlights: → Laser cladding of Ti alloys with bioceramics creates new phases. → Laser cladded samples with SiO 2 -doped

Combined experimental and theoretical assessments of the lattice dynamics and optoelectronics of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nurlaela, Ela; Harb, Moussab [Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia); Gobbo, Silvano del [Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia); Vashishta, Manish [Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia); Takanabe, Kazuhiro, E-mail: kazuhiro.takanabe@kaust.edu.sa [Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)

2015-09-15

Presented herein is a detailed discussion of the properties of the lattice dynamic and optoelectronic properties of tantalum(V) oxynitride (TaON) and tantalum(V) nitride (Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5}), from experimental and theoretical standpoint. The active Raman and infra red (IR) frequencies of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} were measured using confocal Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopies (FTIR) and calculated using the linear response method within the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT). The detailed study leads to an exhaustive description of the spectra, including the symmetry of the vibrational modes. Electronic structures of these materials were computed using DFT within the range-separated hybrid HSE06 exchange–correlation formalism. Electronic and ionic contributions to the dielectric constant tensors of these materials were obtained from DFPT within the linear response method using the PBE functional. Furthermore, effective mass of photogenerated holes and electrons at the band edges of these compounds were computed from the electronic band structure obtained at the DFT/HSE06 level of theory. The results suggest that anisotropic nature in TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} is present in terms of dielectric constant and effective masses. - Graphical abstract: Detailed investigation has been conducted from combined experimental and theoretical approaches on Raman and IR spectroscopies, electronic structures, dielectric constants and effective masses of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5}. - Highlights: • Crystal structures of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} are discussed based on XRD and DFT calculation. • Raman and IR spectra of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} materials are measured and computed by DFPT method. • Optoelectronic properties of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} are discussed. • Dielectric constant and effective masses of TaON and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} are calculated.

Functionalization of Biomedical Ti6Al4V via In Situ Alloying by Cu during Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufacturing

Science.gov (United States)

Krakhmalev, Pavel; Yadroitsev, Igor; Yadroitsava, Ina; de Smidt, Olga

2017-01-01

The modern medical industry successfully utilizes Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) to manufacture complex custom implants. Ti6Al4V is one of the most commonly used biocompatible alloys. In surgery practice, infection at the bone–implant interface is one of the key reasons for implant failure. Therefore, advanced implants with biocompatibility and antibacterial properties are required. Modification of Ti alloy with Cu, which in small concentrations is a proven non-toxic antibacterial agent, is an attractive way to manufacture implants with embedded antibacterial functionality. The possibility of achieving alloying in situ, during manufacturing, is a unique option of the LPBF technology. It provides unique opportunities to manufacture customized implant shapes and design new alloys. Nevertheless, optimal process parameters need to be established for the in situ alloyed materials to form dense parts with required mechanical properties. This research is dedicated to an investigation of Ti6Al4V (ELI)-1 at % Cu material, manufactured by LPBF from a mixture of Ti6Al4V (ELI) and pure Cu powders. The effect of process parameters on surface roughness, chemical composition and distribution of Cu was investigated. Chemical homogeneity was discussed in relation to differences in the viscosity and density of molten Cu and Ti6Al4V. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of as-built 3D samples were analyzed and discussed. Pilot antibacterial functionalization testing of Ti6Al4V (ELI) in situ alloyed with 1 at % Cu showed promising results and notable reduction in the growth of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID:28972546

Functionalization of Biomedical Ti6Al4V via In Situ Alloying by Cu during Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufacturing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel Krakhmalev

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The modern medical industry successfully utilizes Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF to manufacture complex custom implants. Ti6Al4V is one of the most commonly used biocompatible alloys. In surgery practice, infection at the bone–implant interface is one of the key reasons for implant failure. Therefore, advanced implants with biocompatibility and antibacterial properties are required. Modification of Ti alloy with Cu, which in small concentrations is a proven non-toxic antibacterial agent, is an attractive way to manufacture implants with embedded antibacterial functionality. The possibility of achieving alloying in situ, during manufacturing, is a unique option of the LPBF technology. It provides unique opportunities to manufacture customized implant shapes and design new alloys. Nevertheless, optimal process parameters need to be established for the in situ alloyed materials to form dense parts with required mechanical properties. This research is dedicated to an investigation of Ti6Al4V (ELI-1 at % Cu material, manufactured by LPBF from a mixture of Ti6Al4V (ELI and pure Cu powders. The effect of process parameters on surface roughness, chemical composition and distribution of Cu was investigated. Chemical homogeneity was discussed in relation to differences in the viscosity and density of molten Cu and Ti6Al4V. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of as-built 3D samples were analyzed and discussed. Pilot antibacterial functionalization testing of Ti6Al4V (ELI in situ alloyed with 1 at % Cu showed promising results and notable reduction in the growth of pure cultures of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

V-shaped resonators for addition of broad-area laser diode arrays

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Bo; Liu, Yun; Braiman, Yehuda Y.

2012-12-25

A system and method for addition of broad-area semiconductor laser diode arrays are described. The system can include an array of laser diodes, a V-shaped external cavity, and grating systems to provide feedback for phase-locking of the laser diode array. A V-shaped mirror used to couple the laser diode emissions along two optical paths can be a V-shaped prism mirror, a V-shaped stepped mirror or include multiple V-shaped micro-mirrors. The V-shaped external cavity can be a ring cavity. The system can include an external injection laser to further improve coherence and phase-locking.

Density of salt melts containing KF, KCl, K2TaF7 and Ta2O5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agulyanskij, A.I.; Stangrit, P.T.; Konstantinov, V.I.

1978-01-01

The results of density measurements by hydrostatic weighing are given for molten K 2 TaF 7 - KF, K 2 TaF 7 -KCL, K 2 TaF 7 - KF - KCl and K 2 TaF 7 - KF - KCl - Ta 2 O 5 mixtures depending on their temperature and composition. The density of the last two systems was measured at compositions close to those of commercial electrolytes. The obtained specific volume - composition dependencies show that no interaction is taking place in the mixtures studied. It is, therefore, believed that, in the K 2 TaF 7 - KF melt, tantalum is mainly present as a complex TaF 7 2- ion, and, in the K 2 TaF 7 - KCl mlt, a certain amount of TaF 6 - ions may be formed along with TaF 7 2-

Effects of Y incorporation in TaON gate dielectric on electrical performance of GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Li Ning; Choi, Hoi Wai; Lai, Pui To [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong (China); Xu, Jing Ping [School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan (China)

2016-09-15

In this study, GaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors using Y-incorporated TaON as gate dielectric have been investigated. Experimental results show that the sample with a Y/(Y + Ta) atomic ratio of 27.6% exhibits the best device characteristics: high k value (22.9), low interfacestate density (9.0 x 10{sup 11} cm{sup -2} eV{sup -1}), small flatband voltage (1.05 V), small frequency dispersion and low gate leakage current (1.3 x 10{sup -5}A/cm{sup 2} at V{sub fb} + 1 V). These merits should be attributed to the complementary properties of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5}:Y can effectively passivate the large amount of oxygen vacancies in Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5}, while the positively-charged oxygen vacancies in Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} are capable of neutralizing the effects of the negative oxide charges in Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. This work demonstrates that an appropriate doping of Y content in TaON gate dielectric can effectively improve the electrical performance for GaAs MOS devices. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Study of radionuclides created by 181Ta(γ,xn yp) reactions for bremsstrahlung photons produced by 150-MeV electrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, M.A.; Dickens, J.K.

1991-12-01

Ten radionuclides, including isomers, from 172 Ta to 180 Ta and 180m Hf were produced by photon interactions with a sample of elemental tantalum and measured by counting photons using a high-resolution detection system. Relative yields of these radionuclides were obtained. In addition, precision half lives were obtained for 175,176,180 Ta and 180m Hf. Those obtained for the three Ta isotopes agree with previously reported values. For 180m Hf, the present measurements resulted in a half life determination of 6.05±0.06 hr, or about 10% longer than the currently adopted value for this half life

Structural and electronic investigations of PbTa4O11 and BiTa7O19 constructed from α-U3O8 types of layers

Science.gov (United States)

Boltersdorf, Jonathan; Maggard, Paul A.

2015-09-01

The PbTa4O11 and BiTa7O19 phases were prepared by ion-exchange and solid-state methods, respectively, and their structures were characterized by neutron time-of-flight diffraction and Rietveld refinement methods (PbTa4O11, R 3 (No. 146), a=6.23700(2) Å, c=36.8613(1) Å; BiTa7O19, P 6 bar c 2 (No. 188), a=6.2197(2) Å, c=20.02981(9) Å). Their structures are comprised of layers of TaO6 octahedra surrounded by three 7-coordinate Pb(II) cations or two 8-coordinate Bi(III) cations. These layers alternate down the c-axis with α-U3O8 types of single and double TaO7 pentagonal bipyramid layers. In contrast to earlier studies, both phases are found to crystallize in noncentrosymmetric structures. Symmetry-lowering structural distortions within PbTa4O11, i.e. R 3 bar c →R3, are found to be a result of the displacement of the Ta atoms within the TaO7 and TaO6 polyhedra, towards the apical and facial oxygen atoms, respectively. In BiTa7O19, relatively lower reaction temperatures leads to an ordering of the Bi/Ta cations within a lower-symmetry structure, i.e., P63/mcm→ P 6 bar c 2 . In the absence of Bi/Ta site disorder, the Ta-O-Ta bond angles decrease and the Ta-O bond distances increase within the TaO7 double layers. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal two particle morphologies for PbTa4O11, hexagonal rods and finer irregularly-shaped particles, while BiTa7O19 forms as aggregates of irregularly-shaped particles. Electronic-structure calculations confirm the highest-energy valence band states are comprised of O 2p-orbitals and the respective Pb 6s-orbital and Bi 6s-orbital contributions. The lowest-energy conduction band states are composed of Ta 5d-orbital contributions that are delocalized over the TaO6 octahedra and layers of TaO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The symmetry-lowering distortions in the PbTa4O11 structure, and the resulting effects on its electronic structure, lead to its relatively higher photocatalytic activity compared to similar structures without

Study of the impact of treatment modes on hardness, deformability and microstructure of VT6 (Ti-6Al-4V and VV751P (Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy samples after selective laser sintering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galkina Natalia V.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Selective laser sintering is an advanced method for obtaining sophisticated products and assembly permanent joints. This is particularly relevant for heat resistant alloys employed in aviation equipment. Heat treatment modes traditionally applied to the products are chosen in accordance with conditions of further product operation. In this paper there are given the results of experimental study of hardness, deformability and microstructure of samples after selective laser sintering of Ni-15Co-10Cr and Ti–6Al–4V alloy powders. It has been determined that Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy ageing increases the hardness and deformability of samples; these characteristics decrease if the ageing lasts for 9-19 hours. Annealing of Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples results in preserving original hardness. After complete annealing, the hardness of samples decreases from 32 … 33HRC to 24 … 26HRC. Microstructural studies showed that there are cracks between layers in the surface of Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples after sintering and not complete annealing. After full annealing, cracks' width and length decreased. Cracks in Ni-15Co-10Cr alloy samples' microstructure were not detected.

From Ba3Ta5O14N to LaBa2Ta5O13N2: Decreasing the optical band gap of a photocatalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anke, B.; Bredow, T.; Pilarski, M.; Wark, M.; Lerch, M.

2017-01-01

Yellow LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 was successfully synthesized as phase-pure material crystallizing isostructurally to previously reported Ba 3 Ta 5 O 14 N and mixed-valence Ba 3 Ta V 4 Ta IV O 15 . The electronic structure of LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 was studied theoretically with the range-separated hybrid method HSE06. The most stable structure was obtained when lanthanum was placed on 2a and nitrogen on 4h sites confirming Pauling's second rule. By incorporating nitrogen, the measured band gap decreases from ∼3.8 eV for the oxide via 2.74 eV for Ba 3 Ta 5 O 14 N to 2.63 eV for the new oxide nitride, giving rise to an absorption band well in the visible-light region. Calculated fundamental band gaps confirm the experimental trend. The atom-projected density of states has large contributions from N2p orbitals close to the valence band edge. These are responsible for the observed band gap reduction. Photocatalytic hydrogen formation was investigated and compared with that of Ba 3 Ta 5 O 14 N revealing significantly higher activity for LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 under UV-light. - Graphical abstract: X-ray powder diffraction pattern of LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 with the results of the Rietveld refinements. Inset: Unit cell of LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 and polyhedral representation of the crystal structure. - Highlights: • Synthesis of a new oxide nitride LaBa 2 Ta 5 O 13 N 2 . • Refinement of the crystal structure. • Quantum chemical calculations provided band gap close to the measured value. • New phase shows a higher photocatalytic H 2 evolution rate compared to prior tested Ba 3 Ta 5 O 14 N.

Laser coating of hafnium on Ti6Al4 for biomedical applications

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Phume, L

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Al4V FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Lerato Phume 1, 2, S.L. Pityana 1, 2, C. Meacock 1, A.P.I Popoola 2 1. National Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa 2. Department of Chemical... and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X 680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa (b) (c) (e) To investigate laser surface coating of Ti6Al4V with preplaced Hafnium powder, to determine the influence of the energy density...

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting of Powder Produced by Granulation-Sintering-Deoxygenation Method

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Pei; Fang, Z. Zak; Zhang, Ying; Xia, Yang

2017-12-01

Commercial spherical Ti powders for additive manufacturing applications are produced today by melt-atomization methods at relatively high costs. A meltless production method, called granulation-sintering-deoxygenation (GSD), was developed recently to produce spherical Ti alloy powder at a significantly reduced cost. In this new process, fine hydrogenated Ti particles are agglomerated to form spherical granules, which are then sintered to dense spherical particles. After sintering, the solid fully dense spherical Ti alloy particles are deoxygenated using novel low-temperature deoxygenation processes with either Mg or Ca. This technical communication presents results of 3D printing using GSD powder and the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The results showed that tensile properties of parts fabricated from spherical GSD Ti-6Al-4V powder by SLM are comparable with typical mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V. The characteristics of 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V from GSD powder are also compared with that of commercial materials.

Determination of superstructures and magnetic structures in the system (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 with elastic neutron scattering experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klein, S.

1976-01-01

The aim of this work was to study the magnetic structures of the Trirutil FeTa 2 O 6 and the Columbit MnTa 2 O 6 . A further question was the influence of the nonmagnetic positive Ions on the developing magnetic structure. One example is the mixed-crystal series Mn(Nb,Ta) 2 O 6 . The different magnetic structures of FeNb 2 O 6 and MnNb 2 O 6 , having the same chemical structure, causes the existence of a transition region between these two magnetic structures. Neutron diffration is a well-suited method to investigate the character of these concentration-dependent phase tansitions. All experiments have been performed with elastic neutrons, and a new set-up for measurrement of low temperatures has been used. For the evaluaion of these data two computer programs are developed. (orig./HPOE) [de

Performance of laser sintered Ti-6Al-4V implants with bone-inspired porosity and micro/nanoscale surface roughness in the rabbit femur.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, David J; Cheng, Alice; Sahingur, Kaan; Clohessy, Ryan M; Hopkins, Louis B; Boyan, Barbara D; Schwartz, Zvi

2017-04-28

Long term success of bone-interfacing implants remains a challenge in compromised patients and in areas of low bone quality. While surface roughness at the micro/nanoscale can promote osteogenesis, macro-scale porosity is important for promoting mechanical stability of the implant over time. Currently, machining techniques permit pores to be placed throughout the implant, but the pores are generally uniform in dimension. The advent of laser sintering provides a way to design and manufacture implants with specific porosity and variable dimensions at high resolution. This approach enables production of metal implants that mimic complex geometries found in biology. In this study, we used a rabbit femur model to compare osseointegration of laser sintered solid and porous implants. Ti-6Al-4V implants were laser sintered in a clinically relevant size and shape. One set of implants had a novel porosity based on human trabecular bone; both sets had grit-blasted/acid-etched surfaces. After characterization, implants were inserted transaxially into rabbit femora; mechanical testing, micro-computed tomography (microCT) and histomorphometry were conducted 10 weeks post-operatively. There were no differences in pull-out strength or bone-to-implant contact. However, both microCT and histomorphometry showed significantly higher new bone volume for porous compared to solid implants. Bone growth was observed into porous implant pores, especially near apical portions of the implant interfacing with cortical bone. These results show that laser sintered Ti-6Al-4V implants with micro/nanoscale surface roughness and trabecular bone-inspired porosity promote bone growth and may be used as a superior alternative to solid implants for bone-interfacing implants.

Shielded radiography with a laser-driven MeV-energy X-ray source

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Shouyuan; Golovin, Grigory [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States); Miller, Cameron [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Haden, Daniel; Banerjee, Sudeep; Zhang, Ping; Liu, Cheng; Zhang, Jun; Zhao, Baozhen [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States); Clarke, Shaun; Pozzi, Sara [Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Umstadter, Donald, E-mail: donald.umstadter@unl.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 (United States)

2016-01-01

We report the results of experimental and numerical-simulation studies of shielded radiography using narrowband MeV-energy X-rays from a compact all-laser-driven inverse-Compton-scattering X-ray light source. This recently developed X-ray light source is based on a laser-wakefield accelerator with ultra-high-field gradient (GeV/cm). We demonstrate experimentally high-quality radiographic imaging (image contrast of 0.4 and signal-to-noise ratio of 2:1) of a target composed of 8-mm thick depleted uranium shielded by 80-mm thick steel, using a 6-MeV X-ray beam with a spread of 45% (FWHM) and 10{sup 7} photons in a single shot. The corresponding dose of the X-ray pulse measured in front of the target is ∼100 nGy/pulse. Simulations performed using the Monte-Carlo code MCNPX accurately reproduce the experimental results. These simulations also demonstrate that the narrow bandwidth of the Compton X-ray source operating at 6 and 9 MeV leads to a reduction of deposited dose as compared to broadband bremsstrahlung sources with the same end-point energy. The X-ray beam’s inherently low-divergence angle (∼mrad) is advantageous and effective for interrogation at standoff distance. These results demonstrate significant benefits of all-laser driven Compton X-rays for shielded radiography.

Corrosion resistance characteristics of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy scaffold that is fabricated by electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Bingjing; Wang, Hong; Qiao, Ning; Wang, Chao; Hu, Min

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated with electron beam melting and selective laser melting for implantation in vivo. Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens were fabricated with electron beam melting (EBM) and selective laser melting (SLM). A wrought form of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was used as a control. Surface morphology observation, component analysis, corrosion resistance experimental results, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, crevice corrosion resistance experimental results, immersion test and metal ions precipitation analysis were processed, respectively. The thermal stability of EBM specimen was the worst, based on the result of open circuit potential (OCP) result. The result of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential. The result of potentiodynamic polarization suggested that the corrosion resistance of the SLM specimen was the best under the low electric potential (1.5V).The crevice corrosion resistance of the EBM specimen was the best. The corrosion resistance of SLM specimen was the best, based on the result of immersion test. The content of Ti, Al and V ions of EBM, SLM and wrought specimens was very low. In general, the scaffolds that were fabricated with EBM and SLM had good corrosion resistance, and were suitable for implantation in vivo. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development and characterization of laser clad high temperature self-lubricating wear resistant composite coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Xiu-Bo; Meng, Xiang-Jun; Liu, Hai-Qing; Shi, Gao-Lian; Wu, Shao-Hua; Sun, Cheng-Feng; Wang, Ming-Di; Qi, Long-Hao

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A novel high temperature self-lubricating anti-wear composite coating was fabricated. • Reinforced carbides as well as self-lubricating sulfides were in situ synthesized. • Microhardness of the Ti–6Al–4V substrate was significantly improved. • Friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite coating were greatly reduced. - Abstract: To enhance the wear resistance and friction-reducing capability of titanium alloy, a process of laser cladding γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC + TiWC 2 /CrS + Ti 2 CS coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrate with preplaced NiCr/Cr 3 C 2 –WS 2 mixed powders was studied. A novel coating without cracks and few pores was obtained in a proper laser processing. The composition and microstructure of the fabricated coating were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques, and tribological properties were evaluated using a ball-on-disc tribometer under dry sliding wear test conditions at 20 °C (room-temperature), 300 °C, 600 °C, respectively. The results show that the coating has unique microstructure consisting of α-Ti, TiC, TiWC 2 , γ-NiCrAlTi, Ti 2 CS and CrS phases. Average microhardness of the composite coating is 1005 HV 0.2 , which is about 3-factor higher than that of Ti–6Al–4V substrate (360 HV 0.2 ). The friction coefficient and wear rate of the coating are greatly decreased due to the combined effects of the dominating anti-wear capabilities of reinforced TiC and TiWC 2 carbides and the CrS and Ti 2 CS sulfides which have excellent self-lubricating property

TaGW2-6A allelic variation contributes to grain size possibly by regulating the expression of cytokinins and starch-related genes in wheat.

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Juan; Li, Liqun; Lv, Qian; Zhao, Yi; Liu, Yan; Zhang, Li; Li, Xuejun

2017-12-01

Functional allelic variants of TaGW2 - 6A produce large grains, possibly via changes in endosperm cells and dry matter by regulating the expression of cytokinins and starch-related genes via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In wheat, TaGW2-6A coding region allelic variants are closely related to the grain width and weight, but how this region affects grain development has not been fully elucidated; thus, we explored its influence on grain development based mainly on histological and grain filling analyses. We found that the insertion type (NIL31) TaGW2-6A allelic variants exhibited increases in cell numbers and cell size, thereby resulting in a larger (wider) grain size with an accelerated grain milk filling rate, and increases in grain width and weight. We also found that cytokinin (CK) synthesis genes and key starch biosynthesis enzyme AGPase genes were significantly upregulated in the TaGW2-6A allelic variants, while CK degradation genes and starch biosynthesis-negative regulators were downregulated in the TaGW2-6A allelic variants, which was consistent with the changes in cells and grain filling. Thus, we speculate that TaGW2-6A allelic variants are linked with CK signaling, but they also influence the accumulation of starch by regulating the expression of related genes via the ubiquitin-proteasome system to control the grain size and grain weight.

Laser generated hot electron transport in an externally applied magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burnett, N.H.; Enright, G.D.

1986-01-01

The authors have investigated the effect of an externally applied DC magnetic field on the generation and transport of hot electrons in CO/sub 2/ laser irradiation of cylindrical targets. The targets used in these studies were 6.3 mm diameter metal rods through which a pulsed current was driven from an external capacitor. Magnetic fields up to 150 kgauss were produced at the target surface. The CO/sub 2/ laser was focused with an f/5 lens resulting in a laser intensity of ≅3 x 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/ in a 100 μm diameter focal spot. The effect of the external magnetic field on the generation and inward transport of superhot (≥ 100 keV) electrons was studied. Principal diagnostics included a six channel hard x-ray spectrometer, a high energy x-ray pinhole camera, a LiF Laue x-ray spectrograph and a Ross-filtered (W-Ta) pair of x-ray detectors. The latter two diagnostics were designed to detect Au Kα /sub emission at 68.2 keV

Three new superconducting members of the family of tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) salts: TMTSF2Cl04, TMTSF2SbF6, TMTSF2TaF6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parkin, S.S.P.; Ribault, M.; Jerome, D.; Bechgaard, K.

1981-01-01

Resistivity against temperature measurements are reported along the high-conductivity a axis of TMTSF 2 ClO 4 , TMTSF 2 SbF 6 and TMTSF 2 TaF 6 , under pressure and as a function of applied magnetic field, that show that all three compounds exhibit superconducting phase transitions near 1 K, when sufficient pressure is applied. TMTSF 2 SbF 6 and TMTSF 2 TaF 6 become superconducting above critical pressures of the order of 10 and 11 kbar respectively whereas a superconducting phase transition in TMTSF 2 ClO 4 is observed at much lower pressures (<3 kbar). The critical pressure above which the sc phase is stabilised can be correlated with the separation between the sheets of TMTSF molecules and anions. (author)

Microstructure and high-temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy surface by laser cladding

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiaowei; Liu, Hongxi; Wang, Chuanqi; Zeng, Weihua; Jiang, Yehua

2010-11-01

A high-temperature oxidation resistant TiN embedded in Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating was fabricated on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V surface by 6kW transverse-flow CO2 laser apparatus. The composition, morphology and microstructure of the laser clad TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to evaluate the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the composite coatings and the titanium alloy substrate, isothermal oxidation test was performed in a conventional high-temperature resistance furnace at 600°C and 800°C respectively. The result shows that the laser clad intermetallic composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of TiN primary phase (granular-like, flake-like, and dendrites), and uniformly distributed in the Ti3Al matrix. It indicates that a physical and chemical reaction between the Ti powder and AlN powder occurred completely under the laser irradiation. In addition, the microhardness of the TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating is 844HV0.2, 3.4 times higher than that of the titanium alloy substrate. The high-temperature oxidation resistance test reveals that TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating results in the better modification of high-temperature oxidation behavior than the titanium substrate. The excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding layer is attributed to the formation of the reinforced phase TiN and Al2O3, TiO2 hybrid oxide. Therefore, the laser cladding TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic matrix composite coating is anticipated to be a promising oxidation resistance surface modification technique for Ti6Al4V alloy.

Three-dimensional structure of laser-modified Ti6Al4V and bone interface revealed with STEM tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grandfield, Kathryn; Palmquist, Anders; Engqvist, Håkan

2013-01-01

The early interaction between an implant's surface and bone is a leading factor for implant success, where multiple surface properties contribute to improved bone anchorage. An important parameter is surface topography, both on the micron and nanoscale. Laser-modification has been performed in the thread valleys of Ti6Al4V screws to alter their surface chemistry and topography to form a nanostructured surface titanium-dioxide. Implants were placed in the rabbit tibia, removed with surrounding bone after 8 weeks, fixated, dried and resin embedded. Focused ion beam milling (FIB) was used to prepare specimens from the resin blocks for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Z-contrast electron tomography offered the possibility to explore the interfacial structure with high-resolution in three-dimensions. With this technique, collagen fibers of the surrounding bone appear to have been laid down parallel to the implant surface. Accordingly, visualization of the laser-modified interface with nanoscale three-dimensional resolution, as offered by Z-contrast electron tomography, gives new insights into bone bonding mechanisms between roughened titanium-dioxide surfaces and bone

Magnetic hyperfine fields on 181Ta at the Nb and V sites in Heusler alloys CO2YAL (Y=NB,V)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pendl Junior, W.

1990-01-01

Magnetic hyperfine fields (MHF) acting on sup(181)Ta at the Nb and V sites have been determined in the Heusler alloys Co sub(2) NbA1 and Co sub(2) VA1 by the time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) technique utilizing the well known 133-482 Kev gamma cascade in sup(181)Ta. The measurement were carried out using an automatic spectrometer consisting of three NaI(T1) detectors and a fast-slow coincidence system. The measurements were performed at 77 K with and without an externally applied magnetic field ( ∼ 4.5 KGauss) to determine the sign as well as the magnitude of the hyperfine fields in both alloys. For the alloy Co sub(2) NbA1 a unique field of -138(4) KOe was observed whereas in the case of Co sub(2)VA1 two distinct magnetic sites were observed. The present result show that approximately 24% of the sup(181)Ta atoms in this alloy probe a field of -116(4) KOe while the other ∼ 76% of the atoms feel -83(3) KOe. Present data along with the existing results on similar alloys Co sub(2)T1,Hf,Zr (Al,Ga,Sn) are discussed and compared with the magnetic hyperfine field systematics in Heusler alloys. (author)

Ultrathin TaOx film based photovoltaic device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tyagi, Pawan

2011-01-01

Application of the economical metal oxide thin-film photovoltaic devices is hindered by the poor energy efficiency. This paper investigates the photovoltaic effect with an ultrathin tantalum oxide (TaOx) tunnel barrier, formed by the plasma oxidation of a pre-deposited tantalum (Ta) film. These ∼ 3 nm TaOx tunnel barriers showed approximately 160 mV open circuit voltage and 3-5% energy efficiency, for varying light intensity. The ultrathin TaOx (∼ 3 nm) could absorb approximately 12% of the incident light radiation in 400-1000 nm wavelength range; this strong light absorbing capability was found to be associated with the dramatically large extinction coefficient. Spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed that the extinction coefficient of 3 nm TaOx was ∼ 0.2, two orders higher than that of tantalum penta oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ). Interestingly, refractive index of this 3 nm thick TaOx was comparable with that of stochiometeric Ta 2 O 5 . However, heating and prolonged high-intensity light exposure deteriorated the photovoltaic effect in TaOx junctions. This study provides the basis to explore the photovoltaic effect in a highly economical and easily processable ultrathin metal oxide tunnel barrier or analogous systems.

Fabrication and characterization of selective laser melting printed Ti–6Al–4V alloys subjected to heat treatment for customized implants design

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mengke Wang

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Selective laser melting (SLM is a promising technique capable of rapidly fabricating customized implants having desired macro- and micro-structures by using computer-aided design models. However, the SLM-based products often have non-equilibrium microstructures and partial surface defects because of the steep thermal gradients and high solidification rates that occur during the laser melting. To meet clinical requirements, a heat treatment was used to tailor the physiochemical properties, homogenize the metallic microstructures, and eliminate surface defects, expecting to improve the cytocompatibility in vitro. Compared with the as-printed Ti–6Al–4V substrate, the heat-treated substrate had a more hydrophilic, rougher and more homogeneous surface, which should promote the early cell attachment, proliferation and osseointegration. More importantly, a crystalline rutile TiO2 layer formed during the heat treatment, which should greatly promote the biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of the implant. Compared to the untreated surfaces, the adhesion and proliferation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs on heat-treated substrates were significantly enhanced, implying an excellent cytocompatibility after annealing. Therefore, these findings provide an alternative to biofunctionalized SLM-based Ti–6Al–4V implants with optimized physiochemical properties and biocompatibility for orthopedic and dental applications.

Pre-Test Analysis Predictions for the Shell Buckling Knockdown Factor Checkout Tests - TA01 and TA02

Science.gov (United States)

Thornburgh, Robert P.; Hilburger, Mark W.

2011-01-01

This report summarizes the pre-test analysis predictions for the SBKF-P2-CYL-TA01 and SBKF-P2-CYL-TA02 shell buckling tests conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in support of the Shell Buckling Knockdown Factor (SBKF) Project, NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) Assessment. The test article (TA) is an 8-foot-diameter aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) orthogrid cylindrical shell with similar design features as that of the proposed Ares-I and Ares-V barrel structures. In support of the testing effort, detailed structural analyses were conducted and the results were used to monitor the behavior of the TA during the testing. A summary of predicted results for each of the five load sequences is presented herein.

Osteoblast interaction with laser cladded HA and SiO{sub 2}-HA coatings on Ti-6Al-4V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang Yuling [Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004 (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Serpersu, Kaan [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); He Wei, E-mail: whe5@utk.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Paital, Sameer R. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 (United States); Dahotre, Narendra B. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207 (United States)

2011-12-01

In order to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of titanium endosseous implants, the morphology and composition of the surfaces were modified. Polished Ti-6Al-4V substrates were coated by a laser cladding process with different precursors: 100 wt.% HA and 25 wt.% SiO{sub 2}-HA. X-ray diffraction of the laser processed samples showed the presence of CaTiO{sub 3}, Ca{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}, and Ca{sub 2}SiO{sub 4} phases within the coatings. From in vitro studies, it was observed that compared to the unmodified substrate all laser cladded samples presented improved cellular interactions and bioactivity. The samples processed with 25 wt.% SiO{sub 2}-HA precursor showed a significantly higher HA precipitation after immersion in simulated body fluid than 100 wt.% HA precursor and titanium substrates. The in vitro biocompatibility of the laser cladded coatings and titanium substrate was investigated by culturing of mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell line and analyzing the cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell morphology. A significantly higher cell attachment and proliferation rate were observed for both laser cladded 100 wt.% HA and 25 wt.% SiO{sub 2}-HA samples. Compared to 100 wt.% HA sample, 25 wt.% SiO{sub 2}-HA samples presented a slightly improved cellular interaction due to the addition of SiO{sub 2}. The staining of the actin filaments showed that the laser cladded samples induced a normal cytoskeleton and well-developed focal adhesion contacts. Scanning electron microscopic image of the cell cultured samples revealed better cell attachment and spreading for 25 wt.% SiO{sub 2}-HA and 100 wt.% HA coatings than titanium substrate. These results suggest that the laser cladding process improves the bioactivity and biocompatibility of titanium. The observed biological improvements are mainly due to the coating induced changes in surface chemistry and surface morphology. Highlights: {yields} Laser cladding of Ti alloys with bioceramics creates new

Development of Ta-based Superconducting Tunnel Junction X-ray Detectors for Fluorescence XAS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friedrich, S.; Drury, O.; Hall, J.; Cantor, R.

2009-01-01

We are developing superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) soft X-ray detectors for chemical analysis of dilute samples by fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Our 36-pixel Nb-based STJ spectrometer covers a solid angle (Omega)/4π ∼ 10 -3 , offers an energy resolution of ∼10-20 eV FWHM for energies up to ∼1 keV, and can be operated at total count rates of ∼10 6 counts/s. For increased quantum efficiency and cleaner response function, we have now started the development of Ta-based STJ detector arrays. Initial devices modeled after our Nb-based STJs have an energy resolution below 10 eV FWHM for X-ray energies below 1 keV, and pulse rise time discrimination can be used to improve their response function for energies up to several keV. We discuss the performance of the Ta-STJs and outline steps towards the next-generation of large STJ detector arrays with higher sensitivity.

Effects of Laser Power Level on Microstructural Properties and Phase Composition of Laser-Clad Fluorapatite/Zirconia Composite Coatings on Ti6Al4V Substrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Chien, Chi-Sheng; Liu, Cheng-Wei; Kuo, Tsung-Yuan

2016-05-17

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most commonly used materials for the coating of bioceramic titanium (Ti) alloys. However, HA has poor mechanical properties and a low bonding strength. Accordingly, the present study replaces HA with a composite coating material consisting of fluorapatite (FA) and 20 wt % yttria (3 mol %) stabilized zirconia (ZrO₂, 3Y-TZP). The FA/ZrO₂ coatings are deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates using a Nd:YAG laser cladding system with laser powers and travel speeds of 400 W/200 mm/min, 800 W/400 mm/min, and 1200 W/600 mm/min, respectively. The experimental results show that a significant inter-diffusion of the alloying elements occurs between the coating layer (CL) and the transition layer (TL). Consequently, a strong metallurgical bond is formed between them. During the cladding process, the ZrO₂ is completely decomposed, while the FA is partially decomposed. As a result, the CLs of all the specimens consist mainly of FA, Ca₄(PO₄)₂O (TTCP), CaF₂, CaZrO₃, CaTiO₃ and monoclinic phase ZrO₂ (m-ZrO₂), together with a small amount of θ-Al₂O₃. As the laser power is increased, CaO, CaCO₃ and trace amounts of tetragonal phase ZrO₂ (t-ZrO₂) also appear. As the laser power increases from 400 to 800 W, the CL hardness also increases as a result of microstructural refinement and densification. However, at the highest laser power of 1200 W, the CL hardness reduces significantly due to the formation of large amounts of relatively soft CaO and CaCO₃ phase.

Charge Order in (TMTTF)2TaF6 by Infrared Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Oka, Yuki; Matsunaga, Noriaki; Nomura, Kazushige; Kawamoto, Atsuhi; Yamamoto, Kaoru; Yakushi, Kyuya

2015-11-01

We have performed infrared spectroscopy in (TMTTF)2TaF6 (TMTTF: tetramethyltetrathiafulvalene) to investigate the relationship between the charge order (CO) state and the antiferromagnetic (AF) insulating ground state. A clear peak splitting corresponding to the charge disproportionation was observed below the CO transition temperature. We estimated the degree of charge disproportionation, Δρ = ρrich - ρpoor, as 0.28e from the peak splitting and found that the CO state coexists with the AF state and there is no charge redistribution below the AF transition.

Summary Report of Working Group 6: Laser-Plasma Acceleration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leemans, Wim P.; Downer, Michael; Siders, Craig

2006-01-01

A summary is given of presentations and discussions in the Laser-Plasma Acceleration Working Group at the 2006 Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop. Presentation highlights include: widespread observation of quasi-monoenergetic electrons; good agreement between measured and simulated beam properties; the first demonstration of laser-plasma acceleration up to 1 GeV; single-shot visualization of laser wakefield structure; new methods for measuring <100 fs electron bunches; and new methods for 'machining' laser-plasma accelerator structures. Discussion of future direction includes: developing a roadmap for laser-plasma acceleration beyond 1 GeV; a debate over injection and guiding; benchmarking simulations with improved wake diagnostics; petawatt laser technology for future laser-plasma accelerators

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti3Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jianing; Chen Chuanzhong; Squartini, Tiziano; He Qingshan

2010-01-01

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti 3 Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti 3 Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti 3 Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

Overvoltages transferred from a network of 220 kV to 15.65 kV level of the step-up transformer in HPP 'Bajina Bašta'

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Vukelja Petar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the results of research in lightning surge waves and switching overvoltages transferred from a network of 220 kV to the 15.65 kV level of the step-up transformer in HPP 'Bajina Bašta'. Analysis of survey results lead to conclusion that transferred overvoltages can endanger 15.65 kV transformer windings and stator winding insulation. It was therefore suggested for the protection of the 15.65 kV isolation to install metal oxide surge arresters at a suitable place between the power generator bus bars and earthing.

Osseointegration of KrF laser hydroxylapatite films on Ti6A14V alloy by mini-pigs: loaded osseointegration of dental implants

Science.gov (United States)

Dostalova, Tatjana; Jelinek, Miroslav; Himmlova, Lucia; Grivas, Christos

1999-05-01

Aim of study was to evaluate osseointegration of the KrF laser hydroxyapatite coated titanium alloy Ti6Al4V dental implants. For deposition KrF excimer laser in stainless- steel deposition chamber was used. Thickness of HA films were round 1 μm . Mini-pigs were used in this investigation. Implants were placed vertically into the lower jaw. After 14 weeks unloaded osseointegration the metal ceramic crowns were inserted. the experimental animals were sacrificed (1 year post insertion). The vertical position of implants was controlled with a radiograph. Microscopical sections were cut and ground. Sections were viewed using microscope with CCD camera. 1 year osseointegration in lower jaw confirmed by all implants presence of newly formed bone around the all implants. Laser-deposited coating the layer of fibrous connective tissue was seen only seldom. In the control group (titamium implant without cover) the fibrous connective tissue was seen between implant and newly formed bone.

Data indicating temperature response of Ti–6Al–4V thin-walled structure during its additive manufacture via Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Garrett J. Marshall

2016-06-01

Full Text Available An OPTOMEC Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™ 750 system was retrofitted with a melt pool pyrometer and in-chamber infrared (IR camera for nondestructive thermal inspection of the blown-powder, direct laser deposition (DLD process. Data indicative of temperature and heat transfer within the melt pool and heat affected zone atop a thin-walled structure of Ti–6Al–4V during its additive manufacture are provided. Melt pool temperature data were collected via the dual-wavelength pyrometer while the dynamic, bulk part temperature distribution was collected using the IR camera. Such data are provided in Comma Separated Values (CSV file format, containing a 752×480 matrix and a 320×240 matrix of temperatures corresponding to individual pixels of the pyrometer and IR camera, respectively. The IR camera and pyrometer temperature data are provided in blackbody-calibrated, raw forms. Provided thermal data can aid in generating and refining process-property-performance relationships between laser manufacturing and its fabricated materials.

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of Al--Nb and Al--Ta thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rai, A.K.; Bhattacharya, R.S.; Mendiratta, M.G.; Subramanian, P.R.; Dimiduk, D.M.

1988-01-01

Ion-beam mixing and thermal annealing of thin, alternating layers of Al and Nb, as well as Al and Ta, were investigated by selected area diffraction and Rutherford backscattering. The individual layer thicknesses were adjusted to obtain the overall compositions as Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta. The films were ion mixed with 1 MeV Au + ions at a dose of 1 x 10 16 ions cm/sup -2/ . Uniform mixing and amorphization were achieved for both Al--Nb and Al--Ta systems. Equilibrium crystalline Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases were formed after annealing of ion mixed amorphous films at 400 0 C for 6 h. Unmixed films, however, remained unreacted at 400 0 C for 1 h. Partial reaction was observed in the unmixed film of Al--Nb at 400 0 C for 6 h. After annealing at 500 0 C for 1 h, a complete reaction and formation of Al 3 Nb and Al 3 Ta phases in the respective films were observed. The influence of thermodynamics on the phase formation by ion mixing and thermal annealing is discussed

Carrier dynamics of a visible-light-responsive Ta3N5 photoanode for water oxidation

KAUST Repository

Ziani, Ahmed; Nurlaela, Ela; Dhawale, Dattatray Sadashiv; Silva, Diego Alves; Alarousu, Erkki; Mohammed, Omar F.; Takanabe, Kazuhiro

2015-01-01

The physicochemical properties of a tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) photoanode were investigated in detail to understand the fundamental aspects associated with the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. The Ta3N5 thin films were synthesized using DC magnetron sputtering followed by annealing in air and nitridation under ammonia (NH3). A polycrystalline structure with a dense morphology of the monoclinic Ta3N5 films was obtained. A relatively low absorption coefficient (104 to 105 cm-1) in the visible light range was measured for Ta3N5, consistent with the nature of the indirect band-gap. Ultra-fast spectroscopic measurements revealed that the Ta3N5 with different thicknesses films possess low transport properties and fast carrier recombination (<10 ps). These critical kinetic properties of Ta3N5 as a photoanode may necessitate high overpotentials to achieve appreciable photocurrents for water oxidation (onset ∼0.6 V vs. RHE). This journal is

Fatigue performance of laser additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V in very high cycle fatigue (VHCF regime up to 10⁹ cycles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eric eWycisk

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Additive manufacturing technologies are in the process of establishing themselves as an alternative production technology to conventional manufacturing such as casting or milling. Especially laser additive manufacturing (LAM enables the production of metallic parts with mechanical properties comparable to conventionally manufactured components. Due to the high geometrical freedom in LAM the technology enables the production of ultra-light weight designs and therefore gains increasing importance in aircraft and space industry. The high quality standards of these industries demand predictability of material properties for static and dynamic load cases. However, fatigue properties especially in the very high cycle fatigue regime until 109 cycles have not been sufficiently determined yet. Therefore this paper presents an analysis of fatigue properties of laser additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under cyclic tension-tension until 107 cycles and tension-compression load until 109 cycles.For the analysis of laser additive manufactured titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V Woehler fatigue tests under tension-tension and tension-compression were carried out in the high cycle and very high cycle fatigue regime. Specimens in stress-relieved as well as hot-isostatic-pressed conditions were analyzed regarding crack initiation site, mean stress sensitivity and overall fatigue performance. The determined fatigue properties show values in the range of conventionally manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with particularly good performance for hot-isostatic-pressed additive-manufactured material. For all conditions the results show no conventional fatigue limit but a constant increase in fatigue life with decreasing loads. No effects of test frequency on life span could be determined. However, independently of testing principle, a shift of crack initiation from surface to internal initiation could be observed with increasing cycles to failure.

In-vivo study of adhesion and bone growth around implanted laser groove/RGD-functionalized Ti-6Al-4V pins in rabbit femurs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, J., E-mail: jianboc@gmail.com [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Bly, R.A. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Saad, M.M.; AlKhodary, M.A.; El-Backly, R.M. [Tissue Engineering laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria (Egypt); Cohen, D.J.; Kattamis, N. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Fatta, M.M.; Moore, W.A. [Tissue Engineering laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria (Egypt); Arnold, C.B. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Marei, M.K. [Tissue Engineering laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria (Egypt); Soboyejo, W.O. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)

2011-07-20

Titanium surfaces were designed, produced, and evaluated for levels of osseointegration into the femurs of rabbits. A total of 36 Ti-6Al-4V pins (15 mm length, 1.64 mm diameter) were prepared into three experimental groups. These were designed to test the effects of osseointegration on laser grooved, RGD coated, and polished control surfaces, as well as combined effects. Circumferential laser grooves were introduced onto pin surfaces (40 {mu}m spacing) using a UV laser ({lambda} = 355 nm). The tripeptide sequence, Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD), was functionalized onto laser grooved surfaces. Of the prepared samples, surface morphology and chemistry were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Immunoflourescence (IF) spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental pin surfaces were surgically implanted into rabbit femurs. The samples were then harvested and evaluated histologically. Sections of the sample were preserved in a methylmethacralate mold, sliced via a hard microtome, and polished systematically. In the case of the RGD coated and laser grooved surfaces, histological results showed accelerated bone growth into the implant, pull-out tests were also used to compare the adhesion between bone and the titanium pins with/without laser textures and/or RGD coatings. - Research highlights: {yields} Circumferential laser grooves were introduced onto pin surfaces using a UV laser. {yields} The tripeptide sequence, RGD, was functionalized onto laser grooved surfaces. {yields} The experimental pin surfaces were surgically implanted into rabbit femurs. {yields} RGD coated laser groove surfaces accelerated bone growth into the implant. {yields} RGD coated laser grooved surfaces enhanced the adhesion between the bone and implant.

In-vivo study of adhesion and bone growth around implanted laser groove/RGD-functionalized Ti-6Al-4V pins in rabbit femurs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, J.; Bly, R.A.; Saad, M.M.; AlKhodary, M.A.; El-Backly, R.M.; Cohen, D.J.; Kattamis, N.; Fatta, M.M.; Moore, W.A.; Arnold, C.B.; Marei, M.K.; Soboyejo, W.O.

2011-01-01

Titanium surfaces were designed, produced, and evaluated for levels of osseointegration into the femurs of rabbits. A total of 36 Ti-6Al-4V pins (15 mm length, 1.64 mm diameter) were prepared into three experimental groups. These were designed to test the effects of osseointegration on laser grooved, RGD coated, and polished control surfaces, as well as combined effects. Circumferential laser grooves were introduced onto pin surfaces (40 μm spacing) using a UV laser (λ = 355 nm). The tripeptide sequence, Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD), was functionalized onto laser grooved surfaces. Of the prepared samples, surface morphology and chemistry were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Immunoflourescence (IF) spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental pin surfaces were surgically implanted into rabbit femurs. The samples were then harvested and evaluated histologically. Sections of the sample were preserved in a methylmethacralate mold, sliced via a hard microtome, and polished systematically. In the case of the RGD coated and laser grooved surfaces, histological results showed accelerated bone growth into the implant, pull-out tests were also used to compare the adhesion between bone and the titanium pins with/without laser textures and/or RGD coatings. - Research highlights: → Circumferential laser grooves were introduced onto pin surfaces using a UV laser. → The tripeptide sequence, RGD, was functionalized onto laser grooved surfaces. → The experimental pin surfaces were surgically implanted into rabbit femurs. → RGD coated laser groove surfaces accelerated bone growth into the implant. → RGD coated laser grooved surfaces enhanced the adhesion between the bone and implant.

An investigation of the initial attachment and orientation of osteoblast-like cells on laser grooved Ti-6Al-4V surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, J., E-mail: jianboc@Princeton.EDU [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Ulerich, J.P. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Abelev, E. [Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Fasasi, A. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Center for Energy Research, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (Nigeria); Arnold, C.B.; Soboyejo, W.O. [Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States)

2009-05-05

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the initial cell spreading and adhesion on longitudinally- and transversally-oriented micro-grooves produced by the laser irradiation of laser grooved Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The initial spreading and orientations of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were observed and quantified after 15-min, 1-hour, 4-hour and 24-hour cell culture periods. Immuno-fluorescence staining of adhesion proteins (actin and vinculin) was then used to study the spreading and adhesion of HOS cells in 1 hour and 4 hour culture experiments. The initial cell adhesion was also quantified using enzymatic detachment tests. The results showed that cell spreading and adhesion were enhanced by longitudinally- and transversally-oriented micro-grooves. The effects, which increase with time, were not remarkable after 1 hour, but obvious after 4 hours. Contact guidance was found to promote cell adhesion due to the increase in interactions between the focal adhesions and the patterned extra-cellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the laser micro-grooved surfaces.

An investigation of the initial attachment and orientation of osteoblast-like cells on laser grooved Ti-6Al-4V surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, J.; Ulerich, J.P.; Abelev, E.; Fasasi, A.; Arnold, C.B.; Soboyejo, W.O.

2009-01-01

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the initial cell spreading and adhesion on longitudinally- and transversally-oriented micro-grooves produced by the laser irradiation of laser grooved Ti-6Al-4V surfaces. The initial spreading and orientations of human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were observed and quantified after 15-min, 1-hour, 4-hour and 24-hour cell culture periods. Immuno-fluorescence staining of adhesion proteins (actin and vinculin) was then used to study the spreading and adhesion of HOS cells in 1 hour and 4 hour culture experiments. The initial cell adhesion was also quantified using enzymatic detachment tests. The results showed that cell spreading and adhesion were enhanced by longitudinally- and transversally-oriented micro-grooves. The effects, which increase with time, were not remarkable after 1 hour, but obvious after 4 hours. Contact guidance was found to promote cell adhesion due to the increase in interactions between the focal adhesions and the patterned extra-cellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the laser micro-grooved surfaces.

Microstructural and surface modifications and hydroxyapatite coating of Ti-6Al-4V triply periodic minimal surface lattices fabricated by selective laser melting.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Chunze; Hao, Liang; Hussein, Ahmed; Wei, Qingsong; Shi, Yusheng

2017-06-01

Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The as-built Ti-6Al-4V lattices exhibit an out-of-equilibrium microstructure with very fine α' martensitic laths. When subjected to the heat treatment of 1050°C for 4h followed by furnace cooling, the lattices show a homogenous and equilibrium lamellar α+β microstructure with less dislocation and crystallographic defects compared with the as-built α' martensite. The as-built lattices present very rough strut surfaces bonded with plenty of partially melted metal particles. The sand blasting nearly removed all the bonded metal particles, but created many tiny cracks. The HCl etching eliminated these tiny cracks, and subsequent NaOH etching resulted in many small and shallow micro-pits and develops a sodium titanate hydrogel layer on the surfaces of the lattices. When soaked in simulated body fluid (SBF), the Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices were covered with a compact and homogeneous biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) layer. This work proposes a new method for making Ti-6Al-4V TPMS lattices with a homogenous and equilibrium microstructure and biomimetic HA coating, which show both tough and bioactive characteristics and can be promising materials usable as bone substitutes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparative evaluation of laser-assisted micro-milling for AISI 316, AISI 422, TI-6AL-4V and Inconel 718 in a side-cutting configuration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shelton, Jonathan A; Shin, Yung C

2010-01-01

This paper is focused on numerical modeling and experimental evaluation of laser-assisted micro-milling (LAMM). An experimental setup consisting of a 25 W CO 2 laser, three-axis CNC linear stages and a high-speed spindle was used to implement the LAMM process. Micro-endmills between 100 and 300 µm in diameter were used to perform side-cutting operations with and without laser preheat on four materials: AISI 316, AISI 422, Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 718. A three-dimensional transient finite-volume-based thermal model was used to analytically predict appropriate process parameters on the basis of material-removal temperatures. The effects of LAMM on the machined surface finish, edge burrs, tool wear and workpiece microstructure were evaluated experimentally.

Fusion welding studies using laser on Ti-SS dissimilar combination

Science.gov (United States)

Shanmugarajan, B.; Padmanabham, G.

2012-11-01

Laser welding investigations were carried out on dissimilar Ti-SS combination. The study is aimed to improve the weld strength and ductility by minimizing harmful intermetallics and taking advantage of high cooling rates in laser welding. Results of continuous wave 3.5 kW CO2 laser welding of totally dissimilar combination of Titanium and stainless steel (304) have been discussed. Bead on plate welding experiments were conducted to identify the laser welding parameters using depth of penetration as criteria. The welding of dissimilar combination has been attempted both autogenously and with interlayers such as Vanadium (V) and Tantalum (Ta) in the form of laser cladding as well as strip. Autogenous welds were carried out by varying the laser power, welding speed and position of the laser beam with respect to the joint centre. The resultant welds are characterized by macrostructure analysis, SEM/EDAX and XRD and as welded tensile test in UTM. The autogenous welds have exhibited extensive cracking even when welded at high speeds or by manipulating the beam position with respect to the joint. Similarly Vandaium as interlayer could not achieve crack free joint. A joint with 40 MPa strength could be made with Ta as interlayer. Results and analysis of these variants of laser welded joints are reported and discussed.

Protease-activated receptor (PAR2, but not PAR1, is involved in collateral formation and anti-inflammatory monocyte polarization in a mouse hind limb ischemia model.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lisa G van den Hengel

Full Text Available AIMS: In collateral development (i.e. arteriogenesis, mononuclear cells are important and exist as a heterogeneous population consisting of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/repair-associated cells. Protease-activated receptor (PAR1 and PAR2 are G-protein-coupled receptors that are both expressed by mononuclear cells and are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions, while PAR2 also plays a role in repair-associated responses. Here, we investigated the physiological role of PAR1 and PAR2 in arteriogenesis in a murine hind limb ischemia model. METHODS AND RESULTS: PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-, PAR2-deficient (PAR2-/- and wild-type (WT mice underwent femoral artery ligation. Laser Doppler measurements revealed reduced post-ischemic blood flow recovery in PAR2-/- hind limbs when compared to WT, while PAR1-/- mice were not affected. Upon ischemia, reduced numbers of smooth muscle actin (SMA-positive collaterals and CD31-positive capillaries were found in PAR2-/- mice when compared to WT mice, whereas these parameters in PAR1-/- mice did not differ from WT mice. The pool of circulating repair-associated (Ly6C-low monocytes and the number of repair-associated (CD206-positive macrophages surrounding collaterals in the hind limbs were increased in WT and PAR1-/- mice, but unaffected in PAR2-/- mice. The number of repair-associated macrophages in PAR2-/- hind limbs correlated with CD11b- and CD115-expression on the circulating monocytes in these animals, suggesting that monocyte extravasation and M-CSF-dependent differentiation into repair-associated cells are hampered. CONCLUSION: PAR2, but not PAR1, is involved in arteriogenesis and promotes the repair-associated response in ischemic tissues. Therefore, PAR2 potentially forms a new pro-arteriogenic target in coronary artery disease (CAD patients.

Moderní počítačové viry

OpenAIRE

Malina, Lukáš

2008-01-01

Bakalářská práce Moderní počítačové viry se skládá ze dvou hlavních cílů (Analýza počítačových virů a návrh zabezpečení střední počítačové sítě) rozdělených na tři části: Analýza počítačových virů, Vlastní návrh zabezpečení osobního počítače koncového uživatele (Terminálu) a Vlastní návrh zabezpečení střední počítačové sítě. V první části jsou analyzovány metody šíření a infekce, specifické vlastnosti a dopady počítačových virů na osobní počítače. V druhé části je uvedeno řešení zabezpečení o...

Fabrication of the heterostructured CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced performance of photocatalytic hydrogen production from water

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lang, Junyu; Liu, Mengqing; Su, Yiguo; Yan, Lijuan; Wang, Xiaojing, E-mail: wang_xiao_jing@hotmail.com

2015-12-15

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • A novel ternary CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} hybrid photocatalyst was successfully fabricated. • Au particles act as an electron-conduction bridge between the heterostructure. • The photoctalytic hydrogen generation was promoted by the SPR of the Au. • CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} shows significant photocatalytic activity in H{sub 2} generation. - Abstract: In this work, a novel CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} hybrid photocatalyst is successfully fabricated. The photocatalytic performance of the heterostructured CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} composite was investigated. Au nanoparticles were photo-deposited as the interlayer between g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} and the surface of CsTaWO{sub 6}, which can facilitate the photoinduced electrons migration as an electron-conduction bridge as well as increase visible-light absorption via the surface plasmon resonance. This heterostructured interface bridging by Au particles may significantly retard the recombination of electron–holes, which is beneficial to promote the photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. It is found the CsTaWO{sub 6}/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} sample showed excellent photocatalytic activity of water splitting, even higher than the sum of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} and Au/CsTaWO{sub 6} samples, or the sum of CsTaWO{sub 6} and Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} samples. It indicates that the heterostructured combination of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} and CsTaWO{sub 6} bridging by Au particles provided the synergistic photocatalytic activity driving by solar light through an efficient electron transfer process.

Research progress of III-V laser bonding to Si

Science.gov (United States)

Bo, Ren; Yan, Hou; Yanan, Liang

2016-12-01

The vigorous development of silicon photonics makes a silicon-based light source essential for optoelectronics' integration. Bonding of III-V/Si hybrid laser has developed rapidly in the last ten years. In the tireless efforts of researchers, we are privileged to see these bonding methods, such as direct bonding, medium adhesive bonding and low temperature eutectic bonding. They have been developed and applied to the research and fabrication of III-V/Si hybrid lasers. Some research groups have made remarkable progress. Tanabe Katsuaki of Tokyo University successfully implemented a silicon-based InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser with direct bonding method in 2012. They have bonded the InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser to the silicon substrate and the silicon ridge waveguide, respectively. The threshold current of the device is as low as 200 A/cm2. Stevan Stanković and Sui Shaoshuai successfully produced a variety of hybrid III-V/Si laser with the method of BCB bonding, respectively. BCB has high light transmittance and it can provide high bonding strength. Researchers of Tokyo University and Peking University have realized III-V/Si hybrid lasers with metal bonding method. We describe the progress in the fabrication of III-V/Si hybrid lasers with bonding methods by various research groups in recent years. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are presented. We also introduce the progress of the growth of III-V epitaxial layer on silicon substrate, which is also a promising method to realize silicon-based light source. I hope that readers can have a general understanding of this field from this article and we can attract more researchers to focus on the study in this field.

Computational investigation of the co-doping effect of sulphur and nitrogen on the electronics of CsTaWO6

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liuxie Liu

2017-03-01

Full Text Available CsTaWO6 is a typical AMWO6-type compound and the photocatalysis of the pure and doped phases has been extensively studied experimentally. In this work, the electronic structures of sulphur (S and nitrogen (N co-doped CsTaWO6 have been studied in the framework of density functional theory, in particular the S/N co-doping effect has been investigated. It is found that, (i S/N co-dopants prefer to be separated; (ii middle-gap states are introduced by N and S-dopant at the edges of valence band and conduction band; and (iii Co-doping not only narrows the band gap, but also promotes the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes. Feature (iii has been identified as a key reason why S/N co-doped CsTaWO6 is more efficient in photocatalytic water-splitting. A general doping strategy has been further suggested: co-dopants which can dominate the frontier states and favour to be separated can offer excellent photocatalysis performance.

Effects of Ti and TiC ceramic powder on laser-cladded Ti-6Al-4V in situ intermetallic composite

Science.gov (United States)

Ochonogor, O. F.; Meacock, C.; Abdulwahab, M.; Pityana, S.; Popoola, A. P. I.

2012-12-01

Titanium metal matrix composite (MMCs) was developed on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) substrate with the aim of improving the hardness and wear properties by laser cladding technique using a Rofin Sinar 4 kW Nd: YAG laser. Wear investigations were carried out with the aid of three body abrasion tester. The resultant microstructure show homogeneous distribution of TiC particles free from cracks and pores. Multiple track deposited systems with 50% overlap revealed micro-hardness increase from 357.3 HV0.1for the substrate reaching a peak as high as 922.2 HV0.1 for 60%Ti + 40%TiC and the least 665.3 HV0.1 for 80%Ti + 20%TiC MMCs. The wear resistance of the materials improved significantly, indicating a fifteen-fold wear rate reduction due to the proper distribution of ceramic particles thereby forming interstitial carbides as revealed by the X-ray diffraction spectrum.

Gold nanoparticle array formation on dimpled Ta templates using pulsed laser-induced thin film dewetting.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Sayed, Hany A; Horwood, Corie A; Owusu-Ansah, Ebenezer; Shi, Yujun J; Birss, Viola I

2015-04-28

Here we show that pulsed laser-induced dewetting (PLiD) of a thin Au metallic film on a nano-scale ordered dimpled tantalum (DT) surface results in the formation of a high quality Au nanoparticle (NP) array. In contrast to thermal dewetting, PLiD does not result in deformation of the substrate, even when the Au film is heated to above its melting point. PLiD causes local heating of only the metal film and thus thermal oxidation of the Ta substrate can be avoided, also because of the high vacuum (low pO2) environment employed. Therefore, this technique can potentially be used to fabricate NP arrays composed of high melting point metals, such as Pt, not previously possible using conventional thermal annealing methods. We also show that the Au NPs formed by PLiD are more spherical in shape than those formed by thermal dewetting, likely demonstrating a different dewetting mechanism in the two cases. As the metallic NPs formed on DT templates are electrochemically addressable, a longer-term objective of this work is to determine the effect of NP size and shape (formed by laser vs. thermal dewetting) on their electrocatalytic properties.

Controlling the emission wavelength in group III-V semiconductor laser diodes

KAUST Repository

Ooi, Boon S.

2016-12-29

Methods are provided for modifying the emission wavelength of a semiconductor quantum well laser diode, e.g. by blue shifting the emission wavelength. The methods can be applied to a variety of semiconductor quantum well laser diodes, e.g. group III-V semiconductor quantum wells. The group III-V semiconductor can include AlSb, AlAs, Aln, AlP, BN, GaSb, GaAs, GaN, GaP, InSb, InAs, InN, and InP, and group III-V ternary semiconductors alloys such as AlxGai.xAs. The methods can results in a blue shifting of about 20 meV to 350 meV, which can be used for example to make group III-V semiconductor quantum well laser diodes with an emission that is orange or yellow. Methods of making semiconductor quantum well laser diodes and semiconductor quantum well laser diodes made therefrom are also provided.

Effects of Laser Power Level on Microstructural Properties and Phase Composition of Laser-Clad Fluorapatite/Zirconia Composite Coatings on Ti6Al4V Substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chi-Sheng Chien

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Hydroxyapatite (HA is one of the most commonly used materials for the coating of bioceramic titanium (Ti alloys. However, HA has poor mechanical properties and a low bonding strength. Accordingly, the present study replaces HA with a composite coating material consisting of fluorapatite (FA and 20 wt % yttria (3 mol % stabilized zirconia (ZrO2, 3Y-TZP. The FA/ZrO2 coatings are deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates using a Nd:YAG laser cladding system with laser powers and travel speeds of 400 W/200 mm/min, 800 W/400 mm/min, and 1200 W/600 mm/min, respectively. The experimental results show that a significant inter-diffusion of the alloying elements occurs between the coating layer (CL and the transition layer (TL. Consequently, a strong metallurgical bond is formed between them. During the cladding process, the ZrO2 is completely decomposed, while the FA is partially decomposed. As a result, the CLs of all the specimens consist mainly of FA, Ca4(PO42O (TTCP, CaF2, CaZrO3, CaTiO3 and monoclinic phase ZrO2 (m-ZrO2, together with a small amount of θ-Al2O3. As the laser power is increased, CaO, CaCO3 and trace amounts of tetragonal phase ZrO2 (t-ZrO2 also appear. As the laser power increases from 400 to 800 W, the CL hardness also increases as a result of microstructural refinement and densification. However, at the highest laser power of 1200 W, the CL hardness reduces significantly due to the formation of large amounts of relatively soft CaO and CaCO3 phase.

Effects of Laser Power Level on Microstructural Properties and Phase Composition of Laser-Clad Fluorapatite/Zirconia Composite Coatings on Ti6Al4V Substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Chien, Chi-Sheng; Liu, Cheng-Wei; Kuo, Tsung-Yuan

2016-01-01

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most commonly used materials for the coating of bioceramic titanium (Ti) alloys. However, HA has poor mechanical properties and a low bonding strength. Accordingly, the present study replaces HA with a composite coating material consisting of fluorapatite (FA) and 20 wt % yttria (3 mol %) stabilized zirconia (ZrO2, 3Y-TZP). The FA/ZrO2 coatings are deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates using a Nd:YAG laser cladding system with laser powers and travel speeds of 400 W/200 mm/min, 800 W/400 mm/min, and 1200 W/600 mm/min, respectively. The experimental results show that a significant inter-diffusion of the alloying elements occurs between the coating layer (CL) and the transition layer (TL). Consequently, a strong metallurgical bond is formed between them. During the cladding process, the ZrO2 is completely decomposed, while the FA is partially decomposed. As a result, the CLs of all the specimens consist mainly of FA, Ca4(PO4)2O (TTCP), CaF2, CaZrO3, CaTiO3 and monoclinic phase ZrO2 (m-ZrO2), together with a small amount of θ-Al2O3. As the laser power is increased, CaO, CaCO3 and trace amounts of tetragonal phase ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) also appear. As the laser power increases from 400 to 800 W, the CL hardness also increases as a result of microstructural refinement and densification. However, at the highest laser power of 1200 W, the CL hardness reduces significantly due to the formation of large amounts of relatively soft CaO and CaCO3 phase. PMID:28773503

Alkane metathesis with the tantalum methylidene [(≡SiO)Ta(=CH2)Me2]/[(≡SiO)2Ta(=CH2)Me] generated from well-defined surface organometallic complex [(≡SiO)TaVMe4

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin; Abou-Hamad, Edy; Hamieh, Ali Imad Ali; Hamzaoui, Bilel; Emsley, Lyndon; Basset, Jean-Marie

2015-01-01

By grafting TaMe5 on Aerosil700, a stable, well-defined, silica-supported tetramethyl tantalum(V) complex, [(≡SiO)TaMe4], is obtained on the silica surface. After thermal treatment at 150 °C, the complex is transformed into two surface tantalum methylidenes, [(≡SiO)2Ta(=CH2)Me] and [(≡SiO)Ta(=CH2)Me2], which are active in alkane metathesis and comparable to the previously reported [(≡SiO)2TaHx]. Here we present the first experimental study to isolate and identify a surface tantalum carbene as the intermediate in alkane metathesis. A systematic experimental study reveals a new reasonable pathway for this reaction.

Alkane metathesis with the tantalum methylidene [(≡SiO)Ta(=CH2)Me2]/[(≡SiO)2Ta(=CH2)Me] generated from well-defined surface organometallic complex [(≡SiO)TaVMe4

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin

2015-01-21

By grafting TaMe5 on Aerosil700, a stable, well-defined, silica-supported tetramethyl tantalum(V) complex, [(≡SiO)TaMe4], is obtained on the silica surface. After thermal treatment at 150 °C, the complex is transformed into two surface tantalum methylidenes, [(≡SiO)2Ta(=CH2)Me] and [(≡SiO)Ta(=CH2)Me2], which are active in alkane metathesis and comparable to the previously reported [(≡SiO)2TaHx]. Here we present the first experimental study to isolate and identify a surface tantalum carbene as the intermediate in alkane metathesis. A systematic experimental study reveals a new reasonable pathway for this reaction.

TiZrNbTaMo high-entropy alloy designed for orthopedic implants: As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shao-Ping; Xu, Jian

2017-04-01

Combining the high-entropy alloy (HEA) concept with property requirement for orthopedic implants, we designed a Ti 20 Zr 20 Nb 20 Ta 20 Mo 20 equiatomic HEA. The arc-melted microstructures, compressive properties and potentiodynamic polarization behavior in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were studied in detail. It was revealed that the as-cast TiZrNbTaMo HEA consisted of dual phases with bcc structure, major bcc1 and minor bcc2 phases with the lattice parameters of 0.3310nm and 0.3379nm, respectively. As confirmed by nanoindentation tests, the bcc1 phase is somewhat harder and stiffer than the bcc2 phase. The TiZrNbTaMo HEA exhibited Young's modulus of 153GPa, Vickers microhardness of 4.9GPa, compressive yield strength of σ y =1390MPa and apparent plastic strain of ε p ≈6% prior to failure. Moreover, the TiZrNbTaMo HEA manifested excellent corrosion resistance in PBS, comparable to the Ti6Al4V alloy, and pitting resistance remarkably superior to the 316L SS and CoCrMo alloys. These preliminary advantages of the TiZrNbTaMo HEA over the current orthopedic implant metals in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance offer an opportunity to explore new orthopedic-implant alloys based on the TiZrNbTaMo concentrated composition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser Welding-Brazing of Immiscible AZ31B Mg and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Using an Electrodeposited Cu Interlayer

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zequn; Tan, Caiwang; Wang, Gang; Chen, Bo; Song, Xiaoguo; Zhao, Hongyun; Li, Liqun; Feng, Jicai

2018-03-01

Metallurgical bonding between immiscible system AZ31B magnesium (Mg) and Ti-6Al-4V titanium (Ti) was achieved by adding Cu interlayer using laser welding-brazing process. Effect of the laser power on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg/Cu-coated Ti joints was studied. Visually acceptable joints were obtained at the range of 1300 to 1500 W. The brazed interface was divided into three parts due to temperature gradient: direct irradiation zone, intermediate zone and seam head zone. Ti3Al phase was produced along the interface at the direct irradiation zone. Ti-Al reaction layer grew slightly with the increase in laser power. A small amount of Ti2(Cu,Al) interfacial compounds formed at the intermediate zone and the ( α-Mg + Mg2Cu) eutectic structure dispersed in the fusion zone instead of gathering when increasing the laser power at this zone. At the seam head zone, Mg-Cu eutectic structure was produced in large quantities under all cases. Joint strength first increased and then decreased with the variation of the laser power. The maximum fracture load of Mg/Cu-coated Ti joint reached 2314 N at the laser power of 1300 W, representing 85.7% joint efficiency when compared with Mg base metal. All specimens fractured at the interface. The feature of fracture surface at the laser power of 1100 W was characterized by overall smooth surface. Obvious tear ridge and Ti3Al particles were observed at the fracture surface with increase in laser power. It suggested atomic diffusion was accelerated with more heat input giving rise to the enhanced interfacial reaction and metallurgical bonding in direct irradiation zone, which determined the mechanical properties of the joint.

Līvānu novada centrālās bibliotēkas vēsturiskā attīstība

OpenAIRE

Kokina, Sarmīte

2007-01-01

Publikāciju klāsts par Līvānu novada centrālās bibliotēkas vēsturi ir ierobežots. Tajās ietvertā informācijas ir fragmentāra. Informācija ir pieejama arī izkliedētajos un nepietiekami izpētītajos nepublicētajos materiālos, kuri atrodas gan Līvānos, gan arī Latvijas Valsts vēstures arhīvā. Informācija šim darbam tika iegūta arī no bijušo un tagadējo bibliotēkas darbinieku stāstījumiem. Kaut arī senākais ieraksts bibliotēkas inventāra grāmatā saglabājies no 1947. gada, ir zināms, ka jau pirm...

Some E.U.V. spectra from laser produced plasma of heavy elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Even-Zohar, M.

1975-09-01

The spectra of Al, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Ta and W produced by a Nd doped glass laser (energy about 15J, power near 5.10 8 W) were photographed in the region 20-240A utilizing a 3 m grazing incidence spectrograph. The continuum behavior is described. New identifications of Al XI, Mo XVII, Mo XVIII, Ag XII, Ag XVIII, Ag XIX, Ag XX, Ag XXI, In XIV, In XXI, In XXII, In XXIII, Sn XV, Sn XX, Sn XXI, Sn XXII, Sn XXIV, Cs VIII, Cs IX, Cs X, Cs XXVII, Ba IX, Ba X, Ba XI, La X, La XI, La XII and W VII are given. Lists of measured lines of Mo, Ag, Cs, Ba, La, and W are given. The spectra appear as absorption and emission lines where the transition from absorption to emission occurs in the same element for ions with ionization potential of 200 to 350eV. Absorption and emission spectra from the same ion of the same plasma are observed [fr

Direct metal laser deposition of titanium powder Ti-6Al-4V

Science.gov (United States)

Bykovskiy, D. P.; Petrovskiy, V. N.; Sergeev, K. L.; Osintsev, A. V.; Dzhumaev, P. S.; Polskiy, V. I.

2017-12-01

The paper presents the results of mechanical properties study of the material produced by direct metal laser deposition of VT6 titanium powder. The properties were determined by the results of stretching at tensile testing machine, as well as compared with the properties of the same rolled material. These results show that obtained samples have properties on the level or even higher than that ones of the samples obtained from the rolled material in a certain range of technological regimes.

Measurement of the yields of residual nuclei in interactions 17.9 GeV/c α-particles with sup(159)Tb, sup(181)Ta and sup(207,2)Pb nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butsev, V.S.; Butseva, G.L.; Kostin, V.Ya.; Migalenya, V.Ya.

1984-01-01

The results of investigations of 17.9 GeV/c α-particle interactions with Tb, Ta and Ph nuclei are presented. Measurements have been carried out of the relative yields of residual nuclei for the (α+Tb), (α+Ta) and (α+Pb) reactions in the 24 93 Tc, 133 Ce and 198 Tl the isomeric ratios are determined, that are compared with the isomeric ratios measured in reactions induced by 500 MeV protons and by 25.2 GeV 12 C ions

Interfacial reactions in Ti-6Al-4V with laser-embedded SiC particles and the origin of intergranular corrosion susceptibility of an Al-Mg alloy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kooi, BJ; De Hosson, JTM; Carter, CB; Hall, EL; Nutt,; Briant, CL

2000-01-01

In the first part of the paper the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V with laser embedded SiC particle is explained. The interfacial reaction between Ti and SiC is responsible for the largely improved wear resistance of the Ti alloy. In the second part the phase responsible for the intergranular corrosion

Electron radiation defects in TaCsub(1-x) and TiCsub(0.97)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morillo, J.; Novion, C.H. de; Dural, J.

1981-08-01

The electrical resistivity changes of TaCsub(0.99) and TaCsub(0.80) have been measured at 21 K during irradiation with electrons of incident energies ranging from 2.5 to 0.25 MeV: a non-zero production rate is observed, even at the lowest energies. The recovery of defects was followed up to 400 K for TaCsub(0.99) and TiCsub(0.97) irradiated with 2.25 MeV electrons and up to 160 K for TaCsub(0.80) irradiated with 0.75 MeV electrons. The results are compared to fast neutron radiation damage data. For TiCsub(0.97) and TaCsub(0.99), the contributions of the different defects to the production rates and recovery spectra are tentatively separated, and a rough estimate of Frenkel pair resistivities is given

Characterization of Rh films on Ta(110)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, L.Q.; Ruckman, M.W.; Strongin, M.

1989-01-01

The surface and electronic structure of Rh films on Ta(110) up to several monolayers thick on Ta(110) are characterized by photoemission, Auger emission, low energy electron diffraction and low energy ion scattering. From the variation of the Rh Auger peak-to-peak intensity as a function of evaporation time, Rh/Ta(110) appears to grow in the Stranski-Krastanov mode at room temperature. However, the LEIS data show that the Rh adatoms begin to cluster on Ta(110) before growth of the monolayer is completed. Diffuse LEED scattering suggests that the Rh films are disordered. Photoemission shows that Rh chemisorption on Ta(110) generates two peaks located at 1.2 and 2. 5 eV binding energy during the initial phase of thin film growth (0 3.7 ML). Photoemission data for CO covered surfaces show that CO dissociates on the Rh/Ta(110) surface for Rh coverages less than 2.5 ML and also show that the Rh clusters develop at least one site capable of molecular CO adsorption above 0.3 ML Rh coverage. 38 refs., 5 figs

Effect of the overlapping factor on the microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welded Ti6Al4V sheets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Xiao-Long; Liu, Jing; Zhang, Lin-Jie, E-mail: zhanglinjie@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Zhang, Jian-Xun

2014-07-01

The effect of the overlapping factor on the microstructures and mechanical properties of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welded Ti6Al4V alloy sheets was investigated by microstructural observations, microhardness tests, tensile tests and fatigue tests. A microstructural examination shows that by increasing the overlapping factor, the grains in the fusion zone become coarser, and the width of the heat affected zone increases. As overlapping factor increases, the width of region composed completely of martensite α′ and the secondary α phase in the heat affected zone increases, consequently the gradient of microstructure along the direction from the fusion zone to base metal decreases, so does the gradient of microhardness. The results of tensile and fatigue tests reveal that the joints made using medium overlapping factor exhibit better mechanical properties than those welded with low and high overlapping factors. Based on the experimental results, it can be stated that a sound weld of Ti6Al4V alloy can be obtained if an appropriate overlapping factor is used. - Highlights: • The weld quality of Ti6Al4V alloy under various overlapping factors was assessed. • Tensile and fatigue tests were conducted with as-welded specimen. • Localized strain across the weld was measured using DIC photogrammetry system. • A sound weld of Ti6Al4V alloy is obtained by using right overlapping factor.

Anodic oxidation of Ta/Fe alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mato, S.; Alcala, G.; Thompson, G.E.; Skeldon, P.; Shimizu, K.; Habazaki, H.; Quance, T.; Graham, M.J.; Masheder, D.

2003-01-01

The behaviour of iron during anodizing of sputter-deposited Ta/Fe alloys in ammonium pentaborate electrolyte has been examined by transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Anodic films on Ta/1.5 at.% Fe, Ta/3 at.% Fe and Ta/7 at.% Fe alloys are amorphous and featureless and develop at high current efficiency with respective formation ratios of 1.67, 1.60 and 1.55 nm V -1 . Anodic oxidation of the alloys proceeds without significant enrichment of iron in the alloy in the vicinity of the alloy/film interface and without oxygen generation during film growth, unlike the behaviour of Al/Fe alloys containing similar concentrations of iron. The higher migration rate of iron species relative to that of tantalum ions leads to the formation of an outer iron-rich layer at the film surface

Surface and microstructure modifications of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy cutting by a water jet/high power laser converging coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Weiss, Laurent; Tazibt, Abdel; Aillerie, Michel; Tidu, Albert

2018-01-01

The metallurgical evolution of the Ti-6Al-4V samples is analyzed after an appropriate cutting using a converging water jet/high power laser system. New surface microstructures are obtained on the cutting edge as a result of thermo-mechanical effects of such hybrid fluid-jet-laser tool on the targeted material. The laser beam allows to melt and the water-jet to cool down and to evacuate the material upstream according to a controlled cutting process. The experimental results have shown that a rutile layer can be generated on the surface near the cutting zone. The recorded metallurgical effect is attributed to the chemical reaction between water molecules and titanium, where the laser thermal energy brought onto the surface plays the role of reaction activator. The width of the oxidized zone was found proportional to the cutting speed. During the reaction, hydrogen gas H2 is formed and is absorbed by the metal. The hydrogen atoms trapped into the alloy change the metastable phase formation developing pure β circular grains as a skin at the kerf surface. This result is original so it would lead to innovative converging laser water jet process that could be used to increase the material properties especially for surface treatment, a key value of surface engineering and manufacturing chains.

Synthesis of low loss, thermally stable CexY1-xTiTaO6 microwave ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padma Kumar, H.; John, Annamma; Vijayakumar, C.; Thomas, J.K.; Varma, Manoj Raama; Solomon, Sam

2009-01-01

Ce x Y 1-x TiTaO 6 ceramics were prepared through the solid-state ceramic route. The materials were sintered in the range 1520-1580 deg. C. The structure of the system was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic methods. The cell parameters of solid solutions were calculated using the least square method. The microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric constant (ε r ), temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) and the unloaded quality factor (Q u ) are measured in the microwave frequency region using cavity resonator method. The dielectric constant increases with higher concentrations of Ce in the solid solutions. Nearly zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) was obtained for Ce 0.24 Y 0.76 TiTaO 6 . The samples are of high quality factor and are useful electronic materials for microwave applications

Osseointegration of loaded dental implant with KrF laser hydroxylapatite films on Ti6Al4V alloy by minipigs

Science.gov (United States)

Dostalova, Tatjana; Himmlova, Lucia; Jelinek, Miroslav; Grivas, Christos

2001-04-01

This study was performed with the objective of evaluating osseointegration of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V dental implants coated with hydroxylapatite (HA) deposited by a KrF laser. For this a KrF excimer laser and stainless-steel deposition chamber were used. The thickness of the HA films was approximately 1 micrometers . IN this investigation experimental animals minipigs were used; the implants were placed vertically into the lower jaw. After 14 weeks of unloaded osseointegration, metal-ceramic crowns were inserted and, at the same time, fluorescent solution was injected into the experimental animals. Six months after insertion of crowns the animals were sacrificed. The vertical position of the implants was checked by a radiograph. Microscopic sections were cut and ground, and the sections were examined under polarized and fluorescent light using a microscope with a charge coupled device camera. The six month long osseointegration in the lower jaw has confirmed the presence of newly formed bone around all the implants. In the experimental group, which had a laser-deposited coating, the layer of fibrous connective tissue was seen only randomly. In the control group (titanium implant without a cover) the fibrous connective tissue between the implant and the newly formed bone was observed more frequently, but this difference was not significant.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of tantalum plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Sidra; Bashir, Shazia; Hayat, Asma; Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M.; Faizan–ul-Haq

2013-01-01

Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of Tantalum (Ta) plasma has been investigated. For this purpose Q-switched Nd: YAG laser pulses (λ∼ 1064 nm, τ∼ 10 ns) of maximum pulse energy of 100 mJ have been employed as an ablation source. Ta targets were exposed under the ambient environment of various gases of Ar, mixture (CO 2 : N 2 : He), O 2 , N 2 , and He under various filling pressure. The emission spectrum of Ta is observed by using LIBS spectrometer. The emission intensity, excitation temperature, and electron number density of Ta plasma have been evaluated as a function of pressure for various gases. Our experimental results reveal that the optical emission intensity, the electron temperature and density are strongly dependent upon the nature and pressure of ambient environment. The SEM analysis of the ablated Ta target has also been carried out to explore the effect of ambient environment on the laser induced grown structures. The growth of grain like structures in case of molecular gases and cone-formation in case of inert gases is observed. The evaluated plasma parameters by LIBS analysis such as electron temperature and the electron density are well correlated with the surface modification of laser irradiated Ta revealed by SEM analysis

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of tantalum plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khan, Sidra; Bashir, Shazia; Hayat, Asma; Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, M.; Faizan–ul-Haq [Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics, GC University, Lahore (Pakistan)

2013-07-15

Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of Tantalum (Ta) plasma has been investigated. For this purpose Q-switched Nd: YAG laser pulses (λ∼ 1064 nm, τ∼ 10 ns) of maximum pulse energy of 100 mJ have been employed as an ablation source. Ta targets were exposed under the ambient environment of various gases of Ar, mixture (CO{sub 2}: N{sub 2}: He), O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, and He under various filling pressure. The emission spectrum of Ta is observed by using LIBS spectrometer. The emission intensity, excitation temperature, and electron number density of Ta plasma have been evaluated as a function of pressure for various gases. Our experimental results reveal that the optical emission intensity, the electron temperature and density are strongly dependent upon the nature and pressure of ambient environment. The SEM analysis of the ablated Ta target has also been carried out to explore the effect of ambient environment on the laser induced grown structures. The growth of grain like structures in case of molecular gases and cone-formation in case of inert gases is observed. The evaluated plasma parameters by LIBS analysis such as electron temperature and the electron density are well correlated with the surface modification of laser irradiated Ta revealed by SEM analysis.

First-principles study on ferromagnetism in double perovskite Sr2AlTaO6 doped with Cu or Zn at B sites

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Y. D.; Wang, C. C.; Guo, Y. M.; Yu, Y.; Lu, Q. L.; Huang, S. G.; Li, Q. J.; Wang, H.; Cheng, R. L.; Liu, C. S.

2018-05-01

The possibilities of ferromagnetism induced by nonmagnetic dopants (Cu, Zn) in double perovskite Sr2AlTaO6 at B sites are investigated by density functional theory. Calculations reveal that substitutions at Ta-site tend to form high spin electronic configurations and could induce ferromagnetism which can be attributed to the hole-mediated p- d hybridization between Cu (or Zn) eg states and the neighboring O 2p states. The dopants preferably substitute at Al-site and adopt low spin electronic structures. Due to the smaller hole concentration and weaker covalent intensity, Sr2AlTaO6 with dopants at Al-site exhibits p-type metallic semiconductors without spin polarization.

Microstructure and high temperature oxidation resistance of in-situ synthesized TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Hongxi; Zhang, Xiaowei; Jiang, Yehua; Zhou, Rong

2016-01-01

High temperature anti-oxidation TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coatings were fabricated with the powder and AlN powder on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by 6 kW transverse-flow CO_2 laser apparatus. The chemical composition, morphology and microstructure of the TiN/Ti_3Al composite coatings were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). In order to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al coating, the isothermal oxidation test was performed in a high temperature resistance furnace at 600 °C and 800 °C, respectively. The result shows that the composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of TiN primary phase (granular-like, flake-like or dendrites), with an even distribution in Ti_3Al matrix. It indicates that a physical and chemical reaction between Ti powder and AlN powder has completely occurred under the laser irradiation condition. In addition, the microhardness of the TiN/Ti3Al intermetallic composite coating is 3.4 times higher than that of the Ti6Al4V alloy substrate and reaches 844 HV_0_._2. The high temperature oxidation behavior test reveals that the high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al composite coating is much better than that of titanium alloy substrate. The excellent high temperature oxidation resistance of TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coating is attributed to the formation of reinforced phases TiN, Al_2O_3 and TiO_2. The laser cladding TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic composite coating is anticipated to be a promising high temperature oxidation resistance coating for Ti6Al4V alloy. - Highlights: • In-situ TiN/Ti_3Al composite coating was synthesized on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding. • The influence of Ti and AlN molar ratio on the microstructure of the coating was studied. • The TiN/Ti_3Al intermetallic coating is mainly composed of α-Ti, TiN and Ti_3Al phases. • The

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior and Microstructural Mechanisms in Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Laser Engineered Net Shaping

Science.gov (United States)

2015-12-01

rapid manufactured Inconel 625 structures, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 527(29-30), pp. 7490-7497, 2010. 18 Approved for public release...4V and Inconel 718. Although porosity was observed in both laser deposited materials, their fatigue performance was found comparable to their...growth 2 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited rates of laser rapid manufactured and wrought In- 625 alloys. It was noted that fatigue

[(≢SiO)TaVCl2Me2]: A well-defined silica-supported tantalum(V) surface complex as catalyst precursor for the selective cocatalyst-free trimerization of ethylene

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin; Callens, Emmanuel; Abou-Hamad, Edy; Merle, Nicolas; White, Andrew J P; Taoufik, Mostafa; Copé ret, Christophe; Le Roux, Erwan; Basset, Jean-Marie

2012-01-01

On the surface of it: In the absence of co-catalyst, a well-defined silica-supported surface organometallic complex [(≢SiO)Ta VCl2Me2] selectively catalyzes the oligomerization of ethylene. The use of surface organometallic species allows three different pathways to be determined for the reduction of TaV to TaIII species under pressure of ethylene. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

[(≢SiO)TaVCl2Me2]: A well-defined silica-supported tantalum(V) surface complex as catalyst precursor for the selective cocatalyst-free trimerization of ethylene

KAUST Repository

Chen, Yin

2012-10-22

On the surface of it: In the absence of co-catalyst, a well-defined silica-supported surface organometallic complex [(≢SiO)Ta VCl2Me2] selectively catalyzes the oligomerization of ethylene. The use of surface organometallic species allows three different pathways to be determined for the reduction of TaV to TaIII species under pressure of ethylene. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Influence of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhen Wang

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The present article studied the effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP on the microstructure and wear behavior of a selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Surface characteristics were investigated using optical microscope, nano-indentation, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope. Results indicated that the thickness of pore-free surfaces increased to 100~200 μm with the increasing ultrasonic surface rolling numbers. Severe work hardening occurred in the densified layer, resulting in the formation of refined grains, dislocation walls and deformation twins. After 1000 N 6 passes, about 15.5% and 14.1% increment in surficial Nano-hardness and Vickers-hardness was obtained, respectively. The hardness decreased gradually from the top surface to the substrate. Wear tests revealed that the friction coefficient declined from 0.74 (polished surface to 0.64 (USRP treated surface and the wear volume reduced from 0.205 mm−3 to 0.195 mm−3. The difference in wear volume between USRP treated and polished samples increased with sliding time. The enhanced wear resistance was concluded to be associated with the improvement of hardness and shear resistance and also the inhibition of delamination initiation.

Characterization of Rh films on Ta(110)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, L.Q.; Ruckman, M.W.; Strongin, M.

1990-01-01

The surface and electronic structure of Rh films on Ta(110) up to several monolayers thick on Ta(110) are characterized by photoemission, Auger emission, low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and low-energy ion scattering (LEIS). From the variation of the Rh Auger peak-to-peak intensity as a function of evaporation time, Rh appears to grow in the Stranski--Krastanov mode at room temperature. However, the LEIS data show that the Rh adatoms begin to cluster on Ta(110) before growth of the monolayer is completed. Diffuse LEED scattering suggests that the Rh films are disordered. Photoemission shows that Rh chemisorption on Ta(110) generates two peaks located at -1.5 and -2.5 eV binding energy during the initial phase of thin-film growth (0 3.7 ML). CO dissociates on the Rh/Ta(110) surface for Rh coverages<2.5 ML and the surface develops a site capable of molecular CO adsorption above 0.3-ML Rh coverage

Suitable Fundamental Properties of Ta0.75V0.25ON Material for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis: A DFT Study

KAUST Repository

Harb, Moussab; Cavallo, Luigi

2016-01-01

By applying calculations based on density functional theory, and on density functional perturbation theory, together with generalized gradient approximation-Perdew–Burke–Emzerho and screened Coulomb hybrid HSE06 functionals, we predict novel and suitable fundamental parameters of the stable monoclinic Ta0.75V0.25ON semiconductor for solar water splitting. In addition to its predicted bandgap of 2.0 eV in the required zone for solar-driven water splitting, this material reveals a high visible-light absorption coefficient, high static dielectric constant, high hole and electron mobilities along the [001] and [010] crystallographic directions, relatively low exciton binding energy, and suitable band edge energy levels for oxidizing water and reducing protons. The optical, charge-carrier transport, and redox features predicted for this material are found to be considerably better than those obtained for Ta3N5, which is the most common semiconductor photocatalyst used in visible-light-driven water splitting.

Suitable Fundamental Properties of Ta0.75V0.25ON Material for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis: A DFT Study

KAUST Repository

Harb, Moussab

2016-11-29

By applying calculations based on density functional theory, and on density functional perturbation theory, together with generalized gradient approximation-Perdew–Burke–Emzerho and screened Coulomb hybrid HSE06 functionals, we predict novel and suitable fundamental parameters of the stable monoclinic Ta0.75V0.25ON semiconductor for solar water splitting. In addition to its predicted bandgap of 2.0 eV in the required zone for solar-driven water splitting, this material reveals a high visible-light absorption coefficient, high static dielectric constant, high hole and electron mobilities along the [001] and [010] crystallographic directions, relatively low exciton binding energy, and suitable band edge energy levels for oxidizing water and reducing protons. The optical, charge-carrier transport, and redox features predicted for this material are found to be considerably better than those obtained for Ta3N5, which is the most common semiconductor photocatalyst used in visible-light-driven water splitting.

Corrosion Characteristics of Ti-xTa Alloys with Ta contents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, H. J.; Choe, H. C.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate corrosion characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys with Ta contents. Ti-xTa alloys used as samples (x=30, 40%) were arc-melted under argon atmosphere of 99.9% purity. Ti-xTa alloys were homogenized for 12hr at 1000 .deg. C and then water quenched. The surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The anodic corrosion behaviors of the specimens were examined through potentiodynamic, potentiostatic and galvanostatic test in 0.9 % NaCl solution at 36.5 ± 1 .deg. C. After corrosion test, the surface characteristics of Ti-xTa alloys were investigated using OM. The microstructure of Ti-Ta alloy showed the beta structure with Ta content. The corrosion resistance of Ti alloy was improved by increasing Ta content and the corrosion morphology of Ti-Ta alloy showed that the site attacked by chloride ion decreased from the active to passive region with Ta content. Potential of Ti-40Ta alloy increased as time increased, whereas, current density of Ti-40Ta alloy decreased as time increased compared to Ti-30 alloy

Hydronéphrose géante sur rein ectopique pelvien révélée par un ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les auteurs rapportent un cas d'hydronéphrose majeure sur un rein gauche ectopique en position pelvienne, chez un patient de 17 ans, révélé par une occlusion intestinale aigüe. Un drainage premier par néphrostomie per-cutanée écho-guidée a permis de soulager la patient. Le traitement définitif a consisté en une ...

Total conversion coefficient of the 185 keV (10--7+) transition in sup(182m)Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suryanarayana, Ch.; Venkateswara Rao, N.; Raghavaiah, C.V.; Bhuloka Reddy, S.; Satyanarayana, G.; Sastry, D.L.

1988-01-01

The total conversion coefficient of the 185 keV (E3) isomeric transition in 182 Ta was measured for the first time using gamma intensity balance method. The experimental αsub(T) was obtained as 3.4 ± 0.2 consistent with the theoretical value (3.272) due to Rosel et al. The E3 transition probability was found to be hindered by a factor of 5.07x10 4 when compared to the single particle estimate. (author). 13 refs

Neutral strange particle production and inelastic cross section in p-bar+Ta reaction at 4 GeV/c

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyano, K.; Noguchi, Y.; Yoshimura, Y.

1988-01-01

The inclusive production of K/sub s//sup 0/, /Lambda/ Lambda-bar, and K/sub s//sup 0//Lambda/in the p-barTa reaction at 4 GeV/c was measured and compared with that in the p-barp reaction. The total inelastic and topological cross sections were also measured. The number of /Lambda/s produced in the p-barTa reaction was 11.3 times larger than that expected from the geometrical cross section, which is defined as A/sup 2/3/ times the cross section for the p-barp reaction. The yield ratio Lambda-bar//Lambda/was found to be 2 x 10/sup -2/. These values cannot be accounted for by a straightforward extension of the p-barN reaction. Besides, a correlation of 2 vees like K/sub s//sup 0/-/Lambda/could not prove their simultaneous production. Nuclear temperatures of 135 and 97 MeV were obtained from the kinetic energy spectra of K/sub s//sup 0/ and /Lambda/ respectively. The kinematical characteristics of the K/sub s//sup 0/ and /Lambda/produced were analyzed in terms of the fireball model

Radiological soil survey adjacent to TA-35, TA-48, TA-50, and TA-55

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purtymun, W.D.; Becker, N.M.; Maes, M.N.

1985-01-01

The 137 Cs concentrations in soil from five new locations (in technical areas where radioactive materials are processed or have been processed) are at or below the maximum levels (1.4 pCi/g) found in regional soils. The 238 Pu and /sup 239,240/Pu soil concentrations at Station 2 were greater than were those found in regional soils (1977 and 1978-1982 Summaries). Station 2 is located south of TA-50. The total uranium soil concentrations exceed regional background concentrations at all stations. However, these levels do not indicate contamination but reflect natural uranium leached from soil derived from the tuff. These concentrations are similar to the data collected in 1977. Uranium concentrations in soils vary and depend on the rock type that has weathered to form the soil. A comparison of the averages and standard deviations of radiochemical analyses collected in 1977 and 1983 indicates only slight variations between the 2 yr. The five new stations established in 1983 will provide long-term monitoring of the possible airborne deposition of contaminants in the areas around TA-35, TA-48, TA-50, and TA-55. Comparing 1977 with 1983 data indicates no significant increase in radioactivity of the soil adjacent to these technical areas

A study on wear resistance and microcrack of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer deposited by laser cladding on Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jianing, E-mail: ljnljn1022@163.com [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Chen Chuanzhong [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China); Squartini, Tiziano [INFM-Department of Physics, Siena University, Siena 53100 (Italy); He Qingshan [Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science, Shandong University, Jing Shi Road 17923, Jinan 250061, Shandong (China)

2010-12-15

Laser cladding of the Al + TiC alloy powder on Ti-6Al-4V alloy can form the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC ceramic layer. In this study, TiC particle-dispersed Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl matrix ceramic layer on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser cladding has been researched by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe micro-analyzer, energy dispersive spectrometer. The main difference from the earlier reports is that Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl has been chosen as the matrix of the composite coating. The wear resistance of the Al + 30 wt.% TiC and the Al + 40 wt.% TiC cladding layer was approximately 2 times greater than that of the Ti-6Al-4V substrate due to the reinforcement of the Ti{sub 3}Al/TiAl + TiC hard phases. However, when the TiC mass percent was above 40 wt.%, the thermal stress value was greater than the materials yield strength limit in the ceramic layer, the microcrack was present and its wear resistance decreased.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE COATINGS PRODUCED BY LASER CLADDING OF Ti-6Al-4V WITH GRAPHITE AND SILICON MIXED POWDERS

OpenAIRE

Y. S. TIAN; C. Z. CHEN; D. Y. WANG; Q. H. HUO; T. Q. LEI

2005-01-01

Composite coatings are fabricated by laser cladding of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with graphite and silicon mixed powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that the coatings mainly consist of pre-eutectic TiC and eutectic Ti5Si3 compounds. Test results show that the coatings exhibit a higher microhardness and a lower friction coefficient compared with the as-received sample. EPMA micrographs show that the compounds' morphology in the top zone of the coat...

Selective laser melting of Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications: Temperature monitoring and microstructural evolution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yadroitsev, I., E-mail: ihar.yadroitsau@enise.fr [Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, 58 rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne (France); Krakhmalev, P. [Karlstad University, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, SE-651 88 Karlstad (Sweden); Yadroitsava, I. [Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Saint-Etienne, 58 rue Jean Parot, 42023 Saint-Etienne (France)

2014-01-15

Highlights: • Temperature measurements of molten pool were done using CCD camera. • Temperature of molten pool versus scanning speed and laser power was determined. • Microstructures and microhardness of SLM samples were analyzed. • Influence of heat treatment on microstructure were discussed and presented. -- Abstract: Selective laser melting (SLM) is a kind of additive manufacturing where parts are made directly from 3D CAD data layer-by-layer from powder material. SLM products are used in various industries including aerospace, automotive, electronic, chemical, biomedical and other high-tech areas. The properties of the parts produced by SLM depend strongly on the material nature, characteristics of each single track and each single layer, as well as the strength of the connections between them. Studying the temperature distribution during SLM is important because temperature gradient and heat transfer determine the microstructure and finally mechanical properties of the SLM part. In this study a CCD camera was applied for determination of the surface temperature distribution and the molten pool size of Ti6Al4V alloy. The investigation of the microstructure evolution after different heat treatments was carried out to determine the microstructure in terms of applicability for the biomedical industry.

Mechanism of n-butane hydrogenolysis promoted by Ta-hydrides supported on silica

KAUST Repository

Pasha, Farhan Ahmad; Cavallo, Luigi; Basset, Jean-Marie

2014-01-01

(III)H is rapidly trapped by molecular hydrogen to form the more stable tris-hydride (≡ Si-O-) 2Ta(V)H3. Loading of n-butane to the Ta-center occurs through C-H activation concerted with elimination of molecular hydrogen (σ-bond metathesis). Once the Ta

Fabrication of highly conductive Ta-doped SnO2 polycrystalline films on glass using seed-layer technique by pulse laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakao, Shoichiro; Yamada, Naoomi; Hitosugi, Taro; Hirose, Yasushi; Shimada, Toshihiro; Hasegawa, Tetsuya

2010-01-01

We discuss the fabrication of highly conductive Ta-doped SnO 2 (Sn 1-x Ta x O 2 ; TTO) thin films on glass by pulse laser deposition. On the basis of the comparison of X-ray diffraction patterns and resistivity (ρ) values between epitaxial films and polycrystalline films deposited on bare glass, we proposed the use of seed-layers for improving the conductivity of the TTO polycrystalline films. We investigated the use of rutile TiO 2 and NbO 2 as seed-layers; these are isostructural materials of SnO 2, which are expected to promote epitaxial-like growth of the TTO films. The films prepared on the 10-nm-thick seed-layers exhibited preferential growth of the TTO (110) plane. The TTO film with x = 0.05 on rutile TiO 2 exhibited ρ = 3.5 x 10 -4 Ω cm, which is similar to those of the epitaxial films grown on Al 2 O 3 (0001).

Experimental analysis on semi-finishing machining of Ti6Al4V additively manufactured by direct melting laser sintering

Science.gov (United States)

Imbrogno, Stano; Bordin, Alberto; Bruschi, Stefania; Umbrello, Domenico

2016-10-01

The Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques are particularly appealing especially for titanium aerospace and biomedical components because they permit to achieve a strong reduction of the buy-to-fly ratio. However, finishing machining operations are often necessary to reduce the uneven surface roughness and geometrics because of local missing accuracy. This work shows the influence of the cutting parameters, cutting speed and feed rate, on the cutting forces as well as on the thermal field observed in the cutting zone, during a turning operation carried out on bars made of Ti6Al4V obtained by the AM process called Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). Moreover, the sub-surface microstructure alterations due to the process are also showed and commented.

Lithiotantite, ideally LiTa3O8

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aba C. Persiano

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Lithiotantite (lithium tritantalum octaoxide and lithiowodginite are natural dimorphs of LiTa3O8, corresponding to the laboratory-synthesized L-LiTa3O8 (low-temperature form and M-LiTa3O8 (intermediate-temperature form phases, respectively. Based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, this study presents the first structure determination of lithiotantite from a new locality, the Murundu mine, Jenipapo District, Itinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Lithiotantite is isotypic with LiNb3O8 and its structure is composed of a slightly distorted hexagonal close-packed array of O atoms stacked in the [-101] direction, with the metal atoms occupying half of the octahedral sites. There are four symmetrically non-equivalent cation sites, with three of them occupied mainly by (Ta5+ + Nb5+ and one by Li+. The four distinct octahedra share edges, forming two types of zigzag chains (A and B extending along the b axis. The A chains are built exclusively of (Ta,NbO6 octahedra (M1 and M2, whereas the B chains consist of alternating (Ta,NbO6 and LiO6 octahedra (M3 and M4, respectively. The average M1—O, M2—O, M3—O and M4—O bond lengths are 2.011, 2.004, 1.984, and 2.188 Å, respectively. Among the four octahedra, M3 is the least distorted and M4 the most. The refined Ta contents at the M1, M2 and M3 sites are 0.641 (2, 0.665 (2, and 0.874 (2, respectively, indicating a strong preference of Ta5+ for M3 in the B chain. The refined composition of the crystal investigated is Li0.96Mn0.03Na0.01Nb0.82Ta2.18O8.

Ab-initio study of the hyperfine parameters in P2{sub 1}/c, P42nmc and Fm3m zirconia phases doped with Ta{sub zr} and the vacancy-Ta{sub zr} complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casali, R.A. [Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, y Nat. y Agr.-UNNE-Avenue Libertad 5600, Corrientes (Argentina)]. E-mail: rac@exa.unne.edu.ar; Caravaca, M.A. [Facultad de Ingenieria-UNNE, Avenue Las Heras 727, Resistencia (Argentina)

2007-02-01

In this work we develop selfconsistent calculations by means of the all-electron method NFP-LMTO. The electronic structure, quadrupolar frequencies and asymmetry parameters of ZrO{sub 2} polymorphs doped with Ta placed at substitutional site to Zr (Ta{sub Zr}), with and without vacancies are studied in the monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic phases. The calculated hyperfine parameters in neutral Ta{sub Zr} in the monoclinic phase are in agreement with hypine parameters measured with PAC and assigned to substitutional site in a wide range of temperatures. However, in the case of Ta{sub Zr} in the tetragonal P42nmc phase, the electric field gradient (EFG) is in large disagreement with the experimental assignment. Therefore we explored the incorporation of a near neighbor oxygen vacancy in several charged states. We found that the TaV{sup 0} and TaV{sup +1} pairs in the tetragonal symmetry with axis length ratio c/a=1.02 gives electric field gradients V{sub zz} and {eta} in agreement with low-temperature values of the experimentally assigned pure tetragonal, called t-form. Further, the pair Ta-V with a ratio c/a=1 gives EFG in close agreement with reported high-temperature values.

Lithium ion diffusion measurements on a garnet-type solid conductor Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 by using a pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR method.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayamizu, Kikuko; Matsuda, Yasuaki; Matsui, Masaki; Imanishi, Nobuyuki

2015-09-01

The garnet-type solid conductor Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 is known to have high ionic conductivity. We synthesized a series of compositions of this conductor and found that cubic Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (LLZO-Ta) has a high ionic conductivity of 3.7×10(-4)Scm(-1) at room temperature. The (7)Li NMR spectrum of LLZO-Ta was composed of narrow and broad components, and the linewidth of the narrow component varied from 0.69kHz (300K) to 0.32kHz (400K). We carried out lithium ion diffusion measurements using pulsed-field spin-echo (PGSE) NMR spectroscopy and found that echo signals were observed at T≥313K with reasonable sensitivity. The lithium diffusion behavior was measured by varying the observation time and pulsed-field gradient (PFG) strength between 313 and 384K. We found that lithium diffusion depended significantly on the observation time and strength of the PFG, which is quite different from lithium ion diffusion in liquids. It was shown that lithium ion migration in the solid conductor was distributed widely in both time and space. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as detection tool for coordinated or uncoordinated fluorine atoms demonstrated on fluoride systems NaF, K2TaF7, K3TaF8, K2ZrF6, Na7Zr6F31 and K3ZrF7

Science.gov (United States)

Boča, Miroslav; Barborík, Peter; Mičušík, Matej; Omastová, Mária

2012-07-01

While systems K3TaF8 and K3ZrF7 were prepared by modified molten salt method modified wet pathway was used for reproducible preparation of Na7Zr6F31. Its congruently melting character was demonstrated on simultaneous TG/DSC measurements and XRD patterns. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied for identification of differently bonded fluorine atoms in series of compounds NaF, K2TaF7, K3TaF8, K2ZrF6, Na7Zr6F31 and K3ZrF7. Three different types of fluorine atoms were described qualitatively and quantitatively. Uncoordinated fluorine atoms (F-) provide signals at lowest binding energies, followed by signals from terminally coordinated fluorine atoms (M-F) and then bridging fluorine atoms (M-F-M) at highest energy. Based on XPS F 1s signals assigned to fluorine atoms in compounds with correctly determined structure it was suggested that fluorine atoms in K3ZrF7 have partially bridging character.

On the effect of deep-rolling and laser-peening on the stress-controlled low- and high-cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperatures up to 550?C

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ritchie, IAltenberger, RKNalla, YSano LWagner, RO

2012-04-01

The effect of surface treatment on the stress/life fatigue behavior of a titanium Ti-6Al-4V turbine fan blade alloy is investigated in the regime of 102 to 106 cycles to failure under fully reversed stress-controlled isothermal push-pull loading between 25? and 550?C at a frequency of 5 Hz. Specifically, the fatigue behavior was examined in specimens in the deep-rolled and laser-shock peened surface conditions, and compared to results on samples in the untreated (machined and stress annealed) condition. Although the fatigue resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy declined with increasing test temperature regardless of surface condition, deep-rolling and laser-shock peening surface treatments were found to extend the fatigue lives by factors of more than 30 and 5-10, respectively, in the high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue regimes at temperatures as high as 550?C. At these temperatures, compressive residual stresses are essentially relaxed; however, it is the presence of near-surface work hardened layers, with a nanocystalline structure in the case of deep-rolling and dense dislocation tangles in the case of laser-shock peening, which remain fairly stable even after cycling at 450?-550?C, that provide the basis for the beneficial role of mechanical surface treatments on the fatigue strength of Ti-6Al-4V at elevated temperatures.

Rotational structures in 174Ta

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hojman, Daniel; Kreiner, A.J.; Davidson, Miguel

1989-01-01

The nucleus 174 Ta has been studied for the first time through the fusion-evaporation reaction 169 Tm ( 9 Be,4n) using a 4 mg/cm 2 self-supporting Tm foil in the 40 to 65 MeV bombarding energy range (the 4n channel was found to peak at 50 MeV). The experiments comprised γ and X-ray singles in beam and activity spectra, γ-γ-t coincidences (one of the counters was Compton suppressed) and γ-ray angular distributions. The results obtained allowed the construction of a high-spin level scheme. This scheme, which resembles that of 172 Ta, comprises several rotational bands which correspond to different couplings of the valence nucleons. One of these structures, the doubly decoupled band (DDB), is particularly interesting because it is the first observed case of a DDB based on an I π =3 + state. (Author) [es

NMR-ON of 182Ta and 183Ta in Fe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allsop, A.L.; Chaplin, D.H.; Murray, D.W.; Stone, N.J.

1980-01-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance has been observed on radioactive 182 Ta and 183 Ta oriented at low temperature in an Fe host, by detection of the change in spatial anisotropy of γ-rays emitted during nuclear decay. By measuring the resonant frequencies of 183 Ta in four different applied magnetic fields the nuclear magnetic moment and hyperfine field have been deduced. These are: vertical stroke μ( 183 Ta;I = 7/2) = 2.28(3)μsub(N) and Bsub(h)sub(f)(TaFe at 0 K) = -67.2(1.3)T. The sin of the ground state of 182 Ta has been determined as I = 3 by comparing resonance results with those obtained in a thermal equilibrium nuclear orientation study. The ratio of the resonant frequencies observed for 182 Ta and 183 Ta at one applied field value yields a magnetic moment for the former of vertical stroke μ( 182 Ta;I = 3) vertical stroke = 2.91(3)μsub(N). The spin lattice relaxation time for 183 TaFe (0.12 at% Ta) at 18 mK in an applied field of 0.5 T has been found to be 40(10)s. (orig.)

Effects of Ti and TiC ceramic powder on laser-cladded Ti–6Al–4V in situ intermetallic composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ochonogor, O.F.; Meacock, C.; Abdulwahab, M.; Pityana, S.; Popoola, A.P.I.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► The wear resistance of the laser clad surfaces was enhanced significantly with fifteen-folds wear rate reduction. ► Micro-hardness of the clad zones indicated a significant improvement of over two-folds greater than the substrate. ► Microstructures showed fine crystal grains distribution of ceramic particles that formed interstitial carbides in the titanium matrix composites. - Abstract: Titanium metal matrix composite (MMCs) was developed on titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) substrate with the aim of improving the hardness and wear properties by laser cladding technique using a Rofin Sinar 4 kW Nd: YAG laser. Wear investigations were carried out with the aid of three body abrasion tester. The resultant microstructure show homogeneous distribution of TiC particles free from cracks and pores. Multiple track deposited systems with 50% overlap revealed micro-hardness increase from 357.3 HV 0.1 for the substrate reaching a peak as high as 922.2 HV 0.1 for 60%Ti + 40%TiC and the least 665.3 HV 0.1 for 80%Ti + 20%TiC MMCs. The wear resistance of the materials improved significantly, indicating a fifteen-fold wear rate reduction due to the proper distribution of ceramic particles thereby forming interstitial carbides as revealed by the X-ray diffraction spectrum.

Stability of phase transformation models for Ti-6Al-4V under cyclic thermal loading imposed during laser metal deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Klusemann, Benjamin; Bambach, Markus

2018-05-01

Processing conditions play a crucial role for the resulting microstructure and properties of the material. In particular, processing materials under non-equilibrium conditions can lead to a remarkable improvement of the final properties [1]. Additive manufacturing represents a specific process example considered in this study. Models for the prediction of residual stresses and microstructure in additive manufacturing processes, such as laser metal deposition, are being developed with huge efforts to support the development of materials and processes as well as to support process design [2-4]. Since the microstructure predicted after each heating and cooling cycle induced by the moving laser source enters the phase transformation kinetics and microstucture evolution of the subsequent heating and cooling cycle, a feed-back loop for the microstructure calculation is created. This calculation loop may become unstable so that the computed microstructure and related properties become very sensitive to small variations in the input parameters, e.g. thermal conductivity. In this paper, a model for phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V, originally proposed by Charles Murgau et al. [5], is adopted and minimal adjusted concerning the decomposition of the martensite phase are made. This model is subsequently used to study the changes in the predictions of the different phase volume fractions during heating and cooling under the conditions of laser metal deposition with respect to slight variations in the thermal process history.

Effects of Ti and TiC ceramic powder on laser-cladded Ti-6Al-4V in situ intermetallic composite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ochonogor, O.F. [Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, X680 0001 (South Africa); Meacock, C. [Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Laser Centre, Pretoria (South Africa); Abdulwahab, M. [Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, X680 0001 (South Africa); Pityana, S. [Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, X680 0001 (South Africa); Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Laser Centre, Pretoria (South Africa); Popoola, A.P.I., E-mail: popoolaapi@tut.ac.za [Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, X680 0001 (South Africa)

2012-12-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The wear resistance of the laser clad surfaces was enhanced significantly with fifteen-folds wear rate reduction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Micro-hardness of the clad zones indicated a significant improvement of over two-folds greater than the substrate. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructures showed fine crystal grains distribution of ceramic particles that formed interstitial carbides in the titanium matrix composites. - Abstract: Titanium metal matrix composite (MMCs) was developed on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) substrate with the aim of improving the hardness and wear properties by laser cladding technique using a Rofin Sinar 4 kW Nd: YAG laser. Wear investigations were carried out with the aid of three body abrasion tester. The resultant microstructure show homogeneous distribution of TiC particles free from cracks and pores. Multiple track deposited systems with 50% overlap revealed micro-hardness increase from 357.3 HV{sub 0.1}for the substrate reaching a peak as high as 922.2 HV{sub 0.1} for 60%Ti + 40%TiC and the least 665.3 HV{sub 0.1} for 80%Ti + 20%TiC MMCs. The wear resistance of the materials improved significantly, indicating a fifteen-fold wear rate reduction due to the proper distribution of ceramic particles thereby forming interstitial carbides as revealed by the X-ray diffraction spectrum.

Measurement of the electron density of a plasma by interferometry with a He - Ne laser ({lambda} = 3.39 {mu}); Mesure de la densite electronique d'un plasma par interferometrie avec un laser He - Ne ({lambda} = 3.39 {mu})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belland, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

The characteristics of the He-Ne gas laser used in a simple interferometric technique have been studied. After passing through the plasma, the beam is reflected back into the laser cavity, and the intensity of the laser itself, modulated by this optical feedback, is used to observe the fringes. Furthermore, owing to the coupling of the two laser transitions 0.63{mu} (red) and 3.39{mu} (infra red), interferences in the infra red can be detected by a simple photomultiplier monitoring the red line. This method has been applied to two plasma machines (E.P.P.E. and SABLIER) for spatial and temporal measurements of the mean electron density. (author) [French] Nous avons etudie les caracteristiques d'un laser a gaz He-Ne utilise dans une technique simple d'interferometrie. La lumiere qui traverse le plasma est reinjectee dans le laser, et l'intensite propre de celui-ci, modulee par cette reinjection, sert a observer les franges. De plus, a cause du couplage des deux transitions laser: 0.63{mu} (rouge) et 3.39{mu} (infrarouge), les interferences dans l'infrarouge peuvent etre detectees par un simple photomultiplicateur sensible au rouge. Nous avons applique cette methode a deux machines a plasma (E.P.P.E. et SABLIER) pour la mesure de la densite electronique moyenne en fonction du temps et de l'espace. (auteur)