Apports spontanés en acides gras oméga 3 chez des diabétiques de type 2 tunisiens

OpenAIRE

Jamoussi Henda; Chaabouni Salma; Gammoudi Amel; Mahjoub Faten; Ounaissa Kamilia; Berriche Olfa; Amrouche Chiraz; Blouza Samira

2014-01-01

Il est admis à l’unanimité que les acides gras oméga 3 ont de multiples bénéfices pour la santé et plus précisément des effets protecteurs contre les maladies cardiovasculaires et neurodégénératives. L’objectif de ce travail était d’estimer les apports spontanés en acides alphalinolénique (ALA), docosahexaénoïque (DHA), éicosapentaénoïque (EPA) et linoléique (LA). Cette étude d’observation a été réalisée auprès de 42 diabétiques de type ...

New Statistical Approach to Apportion Dietary Sources of Iodine Intake: Findings from Kenya, Senegal and India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frits van der Haar

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Progress of national Universal Salt Iodization (USI strategies is typically assessed by household coverage of adequately iodized salt and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC in spot urine collections. However, household coverage does not inform on the iodized salt used in preparation of processed foods outside homes, nor does the total UIC reflect the portion of population iodine intake attributable to the USI strategy. This study used data from three population-representative surveys of women of reproductive age (WRA in Kenya, Senegal and India to develop and illustrate a new approach to apportion the population UIC levels by the principal dietary sources of iodine intake, namely native iodine, iodine in processed food salt and iodine in household salt. The technique requires measurement of urinary sodium concentrations (UNaC in the same spot urine samples collected for iodine status assessment. Taking into account the different complex survey designs of each survey, generalized linear regression (GLR analyses were performed in which the UIC data of WRA was set as the outcome variable that depends on their UNaC and household salt iodine (SI data as explanatory variables. Estimates of the UIC portions that correspond to iodine intake sources were calculated with use of the intercept and regression coefficients for the UNaC and SI variables in each country’s regression equation. GLR coefficients for UNaC and SI were significant in all country-specific models. Rural location did not show a significant association in any country when controlled for other explanatory variables. The estimated UIC portion from native dietary iodine intake in each country fell below the minimum threshold for iodine sufficiency. The UIC portion arising from processed food salt in Kenya was substantially higher than in Senegal and India, while the UIC portions from household salt use varied in accordance with the mean level of household SI content in the country

New Statistical Approach to Apportion Dietary Sources of Iodine Intake: Findings from Kenya, Senegal and India

Science.gov (United States)

Knowles, Jacky; Bukania, Zipporah; Camara, Boubacar; Pandav, Chandrakant S.; Mwai, John Maina; Toure, Ndeye Khady; Yadav, Kapil

2018-01-01

Progress of national Universal Salt Iodization (USI) strategies is typically assessed by household coverage of adequately iodized salt and median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in spot urine collections. However, household coverage does not inform on the iodized salt used in preparation of processed foods outside homes, nor does the total UIC reflect the portion of population iodine intake attributable to the USI strategy. This study used data from three population-representative surveys of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kenya, Senegal and India to develop and illustrate a new approach to apportion the population UIC levels by the principal dietary sources of iodine intake, namely native iodine, iodine in processed food salt and iodine in household salt. The technique requires measurement of urinary sodium concentrations (UNaC) in the same spot urine samples collected for iodine status assessment. Taking into account the different complex survey designs of each survey, generalized linear regression (GLR) analyses were performed in which the UIC data of WRA was set as the outcome variable that depends on their UNaC and household salt iodine (SI) data as explanatory variables. Estimates of the UIC portions that correspond to iodine intake sources were calculated with use of the intercept and regression coefficients for the UNaC and SI variables in each country’s regression equation. GLR coefficients for UNaC and SI were significant in all country-specific models. Rural location did not show a significant association in any country when controlled for other explanatory variables. The estimated UIC portion from native dietary iodine intake in each country fell below the minimum threshold for iodine sufficiency. The UIC portion arising from processed food salt in Kenya was substantially higher than in Senegal and India, while the UIC portions from household salt use varied in accordance with the mean level of household SI content in the country surveys. The

Liability and automation : issues and challenges for socio-technical systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Contissa, G.; Laukyte, M.; Sartor, G.; Schebesta, H.; Masutti, A.; Lanzi, P.; Marti, P.; Tomasello, P.

2013-01-01

Who is responsible for accidents in highly automated systems? How do we apportion liability among the various participants in complex socio-technical organisations? How can different liability regulations at different levels (supranational, national, local) be harmonized? How do we provide for

The categorisation of dysthymic disorder: can its constituents be meaningfully apportioned?

Science.gov (United States)

Rhebergen, Didi; Graham, Rebecca; Hadzi-Pavlovic, Dusan; Stek, Max; Friend, Paul; Barrett, Melissa; Parker, Gordon

2012-12-20

Since its introduction in DSM-III, the validity of dysthymia has been debated. Our objective is to further examine the concept of dysthymia in an outpatient sample, and explore whether its constituents can be meaningfully apportioned. 318 patients attending the Black Dog Institute Depression Clinic were assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and completed several self-report measures, in addition to a clinical assessment by an Institute psychiatrist. The characteristics of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymic disorder and double depression were examined. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) were then conducted with the aim of detecting distinct classes based on depressive symptomatology and personality domains, respectively. Finally, clinicians' formulations of the study patients were examined. Depression groups mainly differed on parameters of severity. Although LCA and LPA analyses indicated the presence of distinct classes, these only moderately correlated with the MINI-diagnosed groups. Finally, there was evidence for considerable heterogeneity within clinicians' formulations of dysthymia. Inadequate sample numbers for various measures limited the power of the LPA and our sample was weighted to patients with a more severe depressive condition which may affect the detection of a distinct 'dysthymic' personality profile. Despite employing a variety of techniques, we were unable to obtain a clear homogeneous picture of dysthymia. Rather, there was evidence for a distinct heterogeneity in clinician-derived diagnoses. These findings allude to the questionable discriminant validity of dysthymia and may encourage future research and discussion on this important topic. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Liability and automation : issues and challenges for socio-technical systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Contissa, Giuseppe; Laukyte, Migle; Sartor, Giovanni; Schebesta, H.; Masutti, Anna; Lanzi, Paola; Marti, Patrizia; Paola, Tomasello

2013-01-01

Who is responsible for accidents in highly automated systems? How do we apportion liability among the various participants in complex socio-technical organisations? How can different liability regulations at different levels (supranational, national, local) be harmonized? How do we provide for

Définition des limites de flexibilité des apports en acides oléique, linoléique et alphalinolénique sur la lipidémie et les paramètres d’athérothrombose chez l’homme : intérêt des huiles végétales combinées

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delplanque Bernadette

2002-07-01

Full Text Available Les maladies cardiovasculaires représentent le premier problème de santé publique des pays occidentaux. Des études récentes de prévention secondaire ont montré que des régimes maintenant un apport en acide oléique de 10 à 13% de l’apport énergétique total (AET pouvaient protéger de l’apparition d’accidents cardio-vasculaires [8], mais augmenter cet apport d’acide oléique à plus de 20% de l’AET pourrait limiter cet effet bénéfique en induisant une augmentation du LDL-C [12, 34]. Grundy, dans le but de clarifier le ratio nécessaire entre acides gras saturés et insaturés (mono and poly, concluait en 1997 à d’« insufficient data for recommended Oleic intake », et proposait pour le moment 15-16% d’acide oléique à titre de « reasonable compromise ». L’objectif de notre étude était de définir des rapports entre acides oléique, linoléique et alphalinolénique (OL/LA/ALA ratio et de valider l’apport oléique après avoir stabilisé le rapport linoléique/alphalinolénique du régime d’hommes normolipidémiques (n = 40. Pour atteindre 11, 13 et 16% de l’AET sous forme d’acide oléique, nous avons utilisé des huiles de tournesol, de tournesol oléique (HOSO et de colza pour obtenir des mélanges spécifiques ajustés à l’apport en acides gras proposés au protocole. Chacun de ces trois régimes (comportant 11, 13 et 16% d’acide oléique a été suivi pendant 16 semaines et l’épuration postprandiale d’un repas gras (1 000 Kcal, 62,5% lipides a été suivie pendant 8 heures à la fin de chaque période de régime. Les résultats indiquent que la stabilité des paramètres d’athérogenèse évalués à jeun et en postprandial est maintenue à un niveau favorable après ces régimes à 11, 13 et 16% d’apport en acide oléique : il n’y a pas de différences statistiques significatives sur les concentrations à jeun de LDL-C, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, TG, ApoB, ApoAI ou sur l’amplitude de la r

Modélisation des installations de chauffage à eau chaude. Les économies d’énergie apportées par la mise en place des pompes à vitesse variable

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Mirela Slavu

2007-01-01

Full Text Available L’objectif visé dans cette étude est la définition et la validation des modèles de simulation hydraulique et thermique des installations de chauffage à eau, bitube, à circulation forcée, avec des radiateurs équipés de robinets thermostatiques. Dans l’environnement du logiciel de simulation TRNSYS, le modèle de simulation de l’installation de chauffage, couplé à un modèle représentatif d’un bâtiment multizone, est ensuite utilisé pour évaluer les économies d’énergie apportées par la mise en place des pompes à vitesse variable. L’étude simulée du fonctionnement et des performances est réalisée pour une installation de chauffage d’un petit bâtiment tertiaire qui aboitte des bureaux. Les simulations sont effectuées dans l’ensemble de la saison de chauffage à l’aide de fichiers météorologiques au pas horaire. L’analyse porte principalement sur les économies d’énergie apportées par la mise en place d’une pompe à vitesse variable avec les deux types de réglage (H=const. et H -- proportionnelle.

Knowledge Systems and Natural Resources : Management, Policy ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

31 oct. 2007 ... Depuis quelques années, les chercheurs, les responsables des politiques et les militants du développement s'intéressent fortement aux systèmes de connaissances. Knowledge Systems and Natural Resources est un recueil unique d'études de cas réalisées au Népal. Cet ouvrage apporte un éclairage ...

NextGen-Airportal Project Technologies: Systems Analysis, Integration, and Evaluation (SAIE)

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Alex; Trapani, Andrew; Poage, Jim; Howell, Daniel; Slocum, Douglas

2012-01-01

NASA has been conducting Concept & Technology (C&T) research to enable capacity, efficiency, and safety improvements under the Airspace Systems Program, Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD). These C&Ts provide various benefits (e.g., improved airport departure/arrival throughputs, fuel saving, and taxi efficiency) with costs and benefits apportioned among various Air Traffic Management (ATM) system stakeholders (e.g., FAA, aircraft operators, or public).

Apportioning global and non-global components of mercury deposition through (210)Pb indexing.

Science.gov (United States)

Lamborg, Carl H; Engstrom, Daniel R; Fitzgerald, William F; Balcom, Prentiss H

2013-03-15

Our previous work has documented a correlation between Hg concentrations and (210)Pb activity measured in wet deposition that might be used to help apportion sources of Hg in precipitation. Here we present the results of a 27-month precipitation collection effort using co-located samplers for Hg and (210)Pb designed to assess this hypothesis. Study sites were located on the east and west coasts of North America, in the continental interior, and on the Florida Peninsula. Relatively high variability in Hg/(210)Pb ratios was found at all sites regionally and seasonally (e.g., overall: 0.99-9.13ngdpm(-1)). The ratio of average volume-weighted Hg concentrations and (210)Pb activities showed consistent trends (higher in impacted area), with Glacier Bay in southeast Alaska, exhibiting the lowest value. Assuming that Glacier Bay represents a benchmark for a site with no regional contribution, we estimate less than 50% of the Hg input was "global" at the Seattle and Florida sites. Differences in Hg/(210)Pb in wet deposition could be due to either a regional/local source contribution of Hg, or a regional/local enhancement in the removal of Hg from the atmosphere (i.e., oxidants), however, this approach is not capable of discerning between these two possibilities. Thus, this method of source apportionment represents an estimate of the maximal amount of Hg contributed by regional sources and may be limited in regions of deep convective mixing. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Apports de la simulation multi-agents à l’étude des processus de diffusion

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Eric Daudé

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Cet article présente les principaux apports d’une approche individu-centrée pour modéliser et simuler les processus de diffusion dans l’espace géographique. L’intérêt d’une telle approche est discuté au regard des limites d’une modélisation d'échelle macro-géographique traditionnellement employée pour décrire de tels phénomènes. L’équation logistique est présentée comme un exemple représentatif de cette catégorie de modèle. Les modèles de simulation à base d’agents représentent une alternative possible à une approche macro-géographique des phénomènes de diffusion. Associés aux théories de l’auto-organisation, on postule que les phénomènes observés à un certain niveau sont le résultat des nombreuses interactions qui se produisent à un ou plusieurs niveaux inférieurs. En tant qu’outil de simulation prédisposé à l’analyse de telles dynamiques, les systèmes multi-agents sont brièvement présentés. Cet article se termine par une application, la modélisation et la simulation de la diffusion d’une innovation agricole (le modèle d'Hägerstrand revisité.

L'impact de l'autoroute Tunis-Bizerte sur le paysage : apport de la géomatique

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H. SAMAALI,

2010-09-01

Full Text Available L’IMPACT DE L’AUTOROUTE TUNIS-BIZERTE SUR LE PAYSAG E : APPORT DE LA GÉOMATIQUE H. SAMAALI 1 , M. C. RABIA 1 , A. CHERIF 2 En signant le traité de libre-échange avec l’Union Européenne, la Tunisie s’est engagée à développer son économie et à s’ouvrir à la concurre nce au moyen du Schéma Directeur d’Aménagement du Territoire National de 1996 (SDATN . Le renforcement du réseau routier est un des axes structurants du SDATN. L’autoroute Tuni s-Bizerte a été l’un des projets qui assure la liaison entre les deux pôles du Nord-Est, le Grand Tunis et Bizerte. Le but du présent travail est l’étude de l’impact d e l’autoroute Tunis-Bizerte sur le paysage, naturel et l’occupation du sol (le milieu humain. Cette étude suppose le recours à des outils de gestion et de suivi bien adaptés. Elle vi se la mise en place d’une base de données sous SIG, afin d’indiquer et de prévoir l’influence de l ’autoroute à travers certaines zones clés : la forê t d’Errimel, Garaât El Mabtouha, la région d’El Alia, etc. Pour ce faire, nous avons suivi une approche intégr ant des données multi sources et multi dates (cartes, photographies aériennes et images sa tellitaires etc. qui a permis de bien apprécier les changements d’occupation des sols par suite de la réalisation de l’autoroute. L’impact de l’autoroute Tunis-Bizerte sur le paysag e naturel consiste à l’enlaidissement de plusieurs sites comme la forêt d’Errimel. L’impact se traduit, en effet, par la disparition du couvert végétal. La conséquence en est alors une ac célération de l’érosion éolienne et une apparition de dunes de sable. Au niveau de garaât E l Mabtouha, l’autoroute en vraie digue, découpe la garâa en deux sous-écosystèmes avec une perturbation des apports fluviatiles et par conséquent une influence sur la pédogenèse de la ré gion. Par ailleurs, certaines modifications en relation a vec l’homme et l�

Solar energy system performance evaluation: Seasonal report for IBM System 1B, Carlsbad, New Mexico

Science.gov (United States)

1980-01-01

A hot solar heating and hot water system's operational performance from April 1979 through March 1980 is evaluated. The space heating and hot water loads were near expected values for the year. Solar energy provided 43 percent of the space heating and 53 percent of the hot water energy. The system did not meet the total system solar fraction design value of 69 percent because of a combination of higher estimated space heating load than was actually encountered and the apportioning of solar energy between the space heating and the domestic hot water loads. System losses and high building temperatures also contributed to this deviation. Total net savings were 23.072 million BTUs. Most of the energy savings came during the winter months, but hot water savings were sufficient to justify running the system during the summer months.

CHANGING FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, THEIR EFFECT ON THE U.S. FOOD SYSTEM, 1972-1987: AN INPUT-OUTPUT PERSPECTIVE

OpenAIRE

Schluter, Gerald E.; Lee, Chinkook

1996-01-01

Output growth of the U.S. Food System is examined to apportion first the importance of domestic food demand and then the importance of components of domestic food demand. Growth of U.S. food processing output is heavily dependent upon domestic food demand and particularly its personal consumption expenditures components - food purchased for off-premise consumption and purchased meals and beverages.

Le rapprochement Chercheur-Consultant en aménagement du territoire : un apport à haute valeur ajoutée ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine Chemin

2010-02-01

Full Text Available En aménagement du territoire, de nouvelles pratiques partenariales semblent émerger lors de la réalisation d'expertises (études, ingénierie de projets, audits, etc.. Si le recours aux cabinets-conseils – au Consultant – et aux laboratoires scientifiques – au Chercheur – par les services de l'Etat ou les collectivités territoriales existe depuis de nombreuses années, le rapprochement et le partenariat entre les consultants et les chercheurs est récent. Certes, cette pratique n’est pas encore systématique en aménagement du territoire mais elle constitue, selon les commanditaires publics, un apport à haute valeur ajoutée dans les prestations de services.In urban planning new partnership practices seem to appear through the realization of expertises (studies, projects engineering, audits…. Although the appeal to consulting firms – to consultants – and in the scientific laboratories – to researchers – by the State services or local government, exists for a long time now, the partnership between consultants and researchers is recent. Even though this partnership is not systematic in urban planning, it brings a contribution with a high added value in the services, according to the public partners.

Evaluation of Trametes versicolor ability to bioremediate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different matrices

OpenAIRE

Borràs Camps, Eduard

2012-01-01

Descripció del recurs: el 01 setembre 2012 Com a resultat de les activitats humanes, la contaminació deguda a productes químics alliberats al medi s'ha convertit en un problema global, essent una amenaça real per a l'activitat humana. La contaminació pot afectar qualsevol compartiment de l'ecosistema. Els hidrocarburs derivats del petroli, on s'inclouen els hidrocarburs policíclics aromàtics (HAPs), són contaminants que afecten de manera particular el sòl. Actualment existeixen diverses tè...

Le rôle des institutions dans le processus de l’innovation ; l’apport de Thorstein Veblen

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Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Nous nous intéressons ici au rôle des institutions dans le processus de l’innovation, puisque Veblen le met en valeur. Cet apport de Veblen nous paraît déterminant pour mieux comprendre l’innovation, surtout que l’on parle de plus en plus d’une diversité de formes d’innovation (technologique, mais aussi organisationnelle, sociale et de produit, et que celles-ci sont mieux comprises lorsque l’on tient compte du rôle des institutions dans la diffusion ou le blocage de l’innovation. Veblen met aussi en évidence le caractère parfois retardataire des institutions, ainsi que la réciprocité des effets entre technologie et institutions, autant d’éléments fort pertinents pour l’analyse, encore aujourd’hui.This paper addresses the role of institutions in the process of innovation, since Veblen highlights this role. This contribution of Veblen appears determinant to better understand the process of innovation, especially in a context where we are more and more interested in various forms of innovation (technological, but also organisational, social and product innovations; these various forms of innovation are better understood and analysed when the role of institutions in their diffusion or lack of diffusion is taken into account. Veblen also highlights the fact that institutions sometimes block or slow down the process of diffusion of innovations, as well as the reciprocity of effects between technology and institutions, contributions which are all the more important for the analysis of innovation today.

Contribution to the study of thermal mixing between nuclear spin systems; Contribution a l'etude du melange thermique entre systemes de spins nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goldmann, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-02-15

This work describes methods of dynamic nuclear polarization in solids based on the thermal mixing between nuclear spin systems. The description of the thermal mixing processes involves most of the fundamental aspects of the spin temperature theory. The experiments, conducted with paradichlorobenzene and para-dibromobenzene, yield a detailed confirmation of the theoretical predictions. (author) [French] Ce travail decrit des methodes de polarisation dynamique nucleaire dans les solides basees sur le melange thermique entre systemes de spins nucleaires. La description des processus de melange thermique met en jeu la plupart des aspects fondamentaux de la theorie de la temperature de spin. Les experiences, realisees avec du paradichlorobenzene et du paradibromobenzene, apportent une confirmation detaillee des previsions theoriques. (auteur)

Estudio técnico-económico de una planta de obtención de biodiesel y de su impacto ambiental

OpenAIRE

Gómez García, Francisco Javier

2008-01-01

L'ús de les energies renovables han anat augmentant des de mitjans del segle XX per l'excés de contaminació, quan han anat produint les fonts energètiques no renovables. Amb uns clars indicis d'esgotament en les reserves munidals de carbó, gas natural i de petroli, s'han començat a usar altres recursos energètics que en el futur substituiran als recursos que usem avui en dia. Entre aquestes noves formes energètiques està el biodiésel. Aquest projecte consisteix en un estudi tècnic-econòmic d'...

Apportioning liability for transborder damage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krause-Ablass, W.D.

1988-01-01

The author analyses the different legal systems applicable to transfrontier nuclear damage. Using examples, he describes the mechanisms enabling a victim of such damage to identify the competent court and the relevant law, according to whether the provisions of the Paris or the Vienna Convention come into play or whether the rules of private international law, incorporated in the various national laws are applicable (NEA) [fr

Happy oil companies; Heureux petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maincent, G

2009-08-27

The decay of demand, the bad financial results of the first half of 2009 and the hypothetical depletion of reserves must not hide a reality: oil companies are passing through the economic crisis without much trouble. Even if profits have marked time in volume (-57% for BP, -65% for Shell..), the net margins have not significantly suffered and the available cash remains comfortable (14 billion euros for Total as an example). The perspectives offered by the new offshore sites (like Santos in Brazil) added to the fabulous promises of the Iraqi market where 'majors' can now make their come-back will be the key of success of oil companies. The overall exploration-production investments should start up again by the beginning of 2011. For the only offshore drilling domain, they should rise up by 32% during the 2009-2013 period which represents a sum of 367 billion dollars. (J.S.)

Classification des apports d’Internet à l’apprentissage des langues Classification of the Internet Contribution to Language Learning

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François Mangenot

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Cet article tente de classer les apports d’Internet à l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues en partant de l’approche centrée sur la tâche. Les exemples sont empruntés au FLE. L’unité classificatoire, appelée "ressource", n’est pas constituée simplement de ce que l’on trouve sur Internet (contenus des "pages" et sites, canaux de communication mais cherche aussi à prendre en compte, en les distinguant, l’activité de l’enseignant et celle de l’apprenant. Selon que l’on considère l’une ou l’autre des deux facettes d’Internet, l’information ou la communication, ressortent alors deux notions : concernant la recherche d’informations, on considère qu’il est fondamental que celle-ci soit guidée par des tâches ; concernant la communication, c’est la notion de projet qui est évoquée.This paper attempts to classify the contribution of the Internet to language teaching and learning. The approach is task-oriented and the examples use French as a Foreign Language. It is shown that the definition of a classifying unit, or "resource", should take account not only of the contents of the Internet (Web Pages, Web sites and communication tools, but should also consider what the teacher or learner are to do with these resources. From both aspects of the Internet, information and communication, arise two important concepts, those of task and project. The best way for the teacher to guide the search of information consists in giving students a task ; designing projects will avoid ’empty’ communication.

Energy accounting in nuclear power systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Symonds, J.L.; Essam, P.; Stocks, K.

1976-01-01

Energy analysis is a systematic way of tracing and accounting for the flows of energy through an industrial system and apportioning a quantity of the primary energy input to each of the goods and services sent out. The application of energy accounting to nuclear power stations and their growth in generating systems is discussed. Misunderstandings arising from discrepancies and weaknesses in some published simple analyses of hypothetical growth situations are outlined. Results of a more complex energy flow analysis are used to demonstrate that current nuclear energy programs are running at an energy profit. Large fossil fuel savings will occur in a real electrical grid system under anticipated nuclear power growth rates. These savings will give a new dimension in planning the use of fossil energy resources which will still be needed for transport and industrial processes, such as steelmaking, for some time to come. (author)

Energy accounting in nuclear power systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Symonds, J.L.; Essam, P.; Stocks, K.

1975-10-01

Energy analysis is a systematic way of tracing and accounting for the flows of energy through an industrial system and apportioning a quantity of the primary energy input of the goods and services sent out. The application of energy accounting to nuclear power stations and their growth in generating systems is discussed. Misunderstandings arising from discrepancies and weaknesses in some published simple analyses of hypothetical growth situations are outlined. Results of a more complex energy flow analysis are used to demonstrate that current nuclear energy programs are running at an energy profit. Large fossil fuel savings will occur in a real electrical grid system under anticipated nuclear power growth rates. These savings will give a new dimension in planning the use of fossil energy resources which will still be needed for transport and industrial processes, such as steel-making, for some time to come. (author)

Policy and System Approach (PSA: A primer

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Chandrakant Lahariya

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A number of public health challenges have emerged at global and national level in the last two decades. The response to these challenges has rarely been swift and often “knee-jerk.” The national and state level program officials responsible for the activities often apportion the blame on weak health systems or fragmented health service delivery mechanisms, amongst other. In India, the viral illnesses (including those due to dengue and chikungunya are becoming the increasing realities. The Public health response of early identification, disease surveillance, reporting and the preventive and curative measures, remains suboptimal. The health challenges which require multidimensional interventions are usuallyattempted to be resolved through piece meal solutions. This article proposes “policy and system approach (PSA,” combining concepts of “Health in all policies” for intersectoral coordination and “health system approach” for intra-sectoral tackling of the emerging and existing health challenges.

Engagement with Care, Substance Use, and Adherence to Therapy in HIV/AIDS

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Patrice K. Nicholas

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Engagement with care for those living with HIV is aimed at establishing a strong relationship between patients and their health care provider and is often associated with greater adherence to therapy and treatment (Flickinger, Saha, Moore, and Beach, 2013. Substance use behaviors are linked with lower rates of engagement with care and medication adherence (Horvath, Carrico, Simoni, Boyer, Amico, and Petroli, 2013. This study is a secondary data analysis using a cross-sectional design from a larger randomized controlled trial (n=775 that investigated the efficacy of a self-care symptom management manual for participants living with HIV. Participants were recruited from countries of Africa and the US. This study provides evidence that substance use is linked with lower self-reported engagement with care and adherence to therapy. Data on substance use and engagement are presented. Clinical implications of the study address the importance of utilizing health care system and policy factors to improve engagement with care.

Nouvelles formes de gouvernance dans le domaine de l’eau. Apports et limites de la coopération décentralisée dans les pays en développement

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Raoudha Makkaoui

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La problématique de cet article porte sur le rôle de la coopération décentralisée dans le domaine de l’eau, dans la mesure où celle-ci semble pouvoir apporter des réponses concrètes au problème de l’accès universel à l’eau et constituer une nouvelle option pour la communauté internationale. Dans une première partie, on présentera les problèmes rencontrés par les différents modes de gestion de l’eau dans les pays en développement et la façon dont ils ont successivement tenté de satisfaire à certains objectifs bien précis (accès universel à l’eau, réduction des coûts, prise en compte des besoins prioritaires. Dans une deuxième partie, sur la base d’une initiative de coopération décentralisée entre le Conseil régional de Seine-Saint-Denis et la ville marocaine de Figuig, on s’interrogera sur les apports et limites de cette nouvelle forme de partenariat participatif afin d’en évaluer la pérennité ainsi que la « soutenabilité sociale », montrant, de ce fait, sa proximité avec l’économie solidaire.Our paper builds on this issue of decentralized cooperation in the field of water management. Cooperation between decentralized entities in order to ensure the access to safe drinking water for all now constitutes in many places a preferred water governance option. Therefore, in the first part, we will provide an overview of the current difficulties encountered by the various forms of water management in developing countries, showing the solutions that they successively brought to specific issues (access for all, cost reduction, priority needs. In the second part, we will address the particular case of decentralized cooperation between the General Council of Seine-Saint-Denis in the suburbs of Paris, France, in partnership with the city of Figuig in Morocco. We review the insights and limits of such processes that refer to the people’s capabilities, at both individual and collective levels, in

Rethinking the Future Grid: Integrated Nuclear Renewable Energy Systems: Preprint

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bragg-Sitton, S. M.; Boardman, R.; Ruth, M.; Zinaman, O.; Forsberg, C.

2015-01-01

The U.S. DOE is supporting research and development that could lead to more efficient utilization of clean energy generation sources, including renewable and nuclear options, to meet both grid demand and thermal energy needs in the industrial sector. One concept under consideration by the DOE-NE and DOE-EERE is tighter coupling of nuclear and renewable energy sources in a manner that better optimizes energy use for the combined electricity, industrial manufacturing, and transportation sectors. This integration concept has been referred to as a 'hybrid system' that is capable of apportioning thermal and electrical energy to first meet the grid demand (with appropriate power conversion systems), then utilizing excess thermal and, in some cases, electrical energy to drive a process that results in an additional product.

Distributed control system for parallel-connected DC boost converters

Science.gov (United States)

Goldsmith, Steven

2017-08-15

The disclosed invention is a distributed control system for operating a DC bus fed by disparate DC power sources that service a known or unknown load. The voltage sources vary in v-i characteristics and have time-varying, maximum supply capacities. Each source is connected to the bus via a boost converter, which may have different dynamic characteristics and power transfer capacities, but are controlled through PWM. The invention tracks the time-varying power sources and apportions their power contribution while maintaining the DC bus voltage within the specifications. A central digital controller solves the steady-state system for the optimal duty cycle settings that achieve a desired power supply apportionment scheme for a known or predictable DC load. A distributed networked control system is derived from the central system that utilizes communications among controllers to compute a shared estimate of the unknown time-varying load through shared bus current measurements and bus voltage measurements.

Equilibres de phases dans les systèmes fluides petroliers-eau Phase Equilibria in Oil-Water Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peneloux A.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Nous présentons quelques résultats obtenus à partir du logiciel FHYD qui permet le traitement des mélanges eau-fluides pétroliers, avec la détermination de la nature des phases (huile-gaz-eau-hydrate thermodynamiquement stables dans des conditions données de température et de pression, ainsi que de la quantité, de la composition de ces différentes phases et de leurs propriétés. Ce logiciel permet le tracé automatique des diagrammes de phases et nous présentons des exemples, depuis les systèmes binaires (eau-éthane, ternaires (eau-méthane-propane jusqu'aux fluides les plus complexes. La présence de sels (chlorure de sodium dissous est envisagée, ainsi que le calcul des conditions de dépôt du sel solide. Des exemples de problèmes pétroliers sont cités (gaz de séparateur saturé en eau, huile saturée en eau dans les conditions de gisement, huile en présence d'eau salée. Les estimations sur les quantités d'hydrate formées et leurs compositions sont comparées à des données expérimentales et aux résultats obtenus par d'autres logiciels. Le programme FHYD pourrait permettre une représentation plus réaliste de l'évolution des fluides pétroliers et des propriétés de transport de leurs différentes phases dans les modèles de simulation des conduites polyphasiques. This article presents a selection of results obtained with the FHYD program. This software allows simulation of mixtures composed of petroleum fluids and water, with determination of the nature of thermodynamically stable phases (oil-gas-water-hydrate under given conditions of temperature and pressure, along with the quantity, composition and properties of these different phases. Additionally, the program can automatically produce phase diagrams. Several examples of these have been included here, ranging from binary systems (water-ethane and ternary systems (water-methane-propane to the most complex petroleum fluids. The presence of dissolved salts

Human errors and system variability in safety investigations of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Until OJ January 2010, the IMO Code for casualty investigation was annexed to an Assembly Resolution and therefore enjoyed only the status of soft law. However, whilst the legal status then was different, the philosophy of safety investigations remains the same i.e. an investigation should not apportion blame and/or ...

cas du lac Fetzara, région de Annaba

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ruissellement, elles acquièrent une nouvelle composition différente de celle des eaux de pluie. Les apports par les précipitations météoriques. Chaque mois pluvieux a fait l'objet d'une analyse chimique et une moyenne des concentrations des eaux apportées au lac a été estimée. La quantité des éléments apportés par.

Sérologie palustre: quel apport dans un pays d’endémie palustre comme la Côte d’Ivoire?

Science.gov (United States)

Goran-Kouacou, Amah Patricia Victorine; Dou, Gonat Serge; Zika, Kalou Dibert; Adou, Adjoumanvoulé Honoré; Yéboah, Oppong Richard; Aka, Rita Ahou; Hien, Sansan; Siransy, Kouabla Liliane; N’Guessan, Koffi; Djibangar, Tariam Agnès; Dassé, Séry Romuald; Adoubryn, Koffi Daho

2017-01-01

Introduction La sérologie palustre semble avoir peu d’intérêt dans les pays d’endémie comme la Côte d’Ivoire. Cependant cet examen a été régulièrement réalisé au laboratoire de Parasitologie de l’Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Médicales d’Abidjan. Le but de notre étude était d’apprécier l’apport de la sérologie palustre dans notre contexte de pays endémique. Méthodes Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective portant sur la sérologie palustre qui a utilisé le kit Falciparum spot-IF de Biomérieux à la recherche d’anticorps antiplasmodiaux d’isotype IgG. Elle a concerné les sérologies réalisées de janvier 2007 à février 2011 et dont les résultats étaient disponibles dans le registre. Résultats Au total, 136 patients ont été sélectionnés. L’âge moyen était de 36,3 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 an et 81 ans et un sex-ratio de 0,97. Les indications de sérologie palustre étaient variées, dominées par la splénomégalie (49,3%), les cytopénies (14,7%), la fièvre d’origine indéterminée (13,2%). La quasi-totalité des patients (98,5%) avaient des anticorps antiplasmodiaux avec un titre moyen élevé à 1057,35UI/ml. Il n’existait pas de lien entre l’âge et le titre d’Ac qui était plus élevé pour les cytopénies, les fièvres prolongées et la splénomégalie. Conclusion La sérologie palustre a peu d’intérêt dans notre pratique courante en zone d’endémie car quelque soit le motif de la prescription, les titres étaient élevés. PMID:28690735

RETHINKING THE FUTURE GRID: INTEGRATED NUCLEAR-RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

S.M. Bragg-Sitton; R. Boardman

2014-12-01

The 2013 electricity generation mix in the United States consisted of ~13% renewables (hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal), 19% nuclear, 27% natural gas, and 39% coal. In the 2011 State of the Union Address, President Obama set a clean energy goal for the nation: “By 2035, 80 percent of America’s electricity will come from clean energy sources. Some folks want wind and solar. Others want nuclear, clean coal and natural gas. To meet this goal we will need them all.” The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Offices of Nuclear Energy (NE) and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) recognize that “all of the above” means that we are called to best utilize all available clean energy sources. To meet the stated environmental goals for electricity generation and for the broader energy sector, there is a need to transform the energy infrastructure of the U.S. and elsewhere. New energy systems must be capable of significantly reducing environmental impacts in an efficient and economically viable manner while utilizing both hydrocarbon resources and clean energy generation sources. The U.S. DOE is supporting research and development that could lead to more efficient utilization of clean energy generation sources, including renewable and nuclear options, to meet both grid demand and thermal energy needs in the industrial sector. A concept being advanced by the DOE-NE and DOE-EERE is tighter coupling of nuclear and renewable energy sources in a manner that better optimizes energy use for the combined electricity, industrial manufacturing, and the transportation sectors. This integration concept has been referred to as a “hybrid system” that is capable of apportioning thermal and electrical energy to first meet the grid demand (with appropriate power conversion systems), then utilizing excess thermal and, in some cases, electrical energy to drive a process that results in an additional product. For the purposes of the present work, the hybrid system would

AQMEII3 evaluation of regional NA/EU simulations and analysis of scale, boundary conditions and emissions error-dependence

Science.gov (United States)

Through the comparison of several regional-scale chemistry transport modelling systems that simulate meteorology and air quality over the European and American continents, this study aims at i) apportioning the error to the responsible processes using time-scale analysis, ii) hel...

La ponction biopsie hépatique à Dakar: indications, complications et apport diagnostique - à propos de 70 cas

Science.gov (United States)

Touré, Papa Souleymane; Léye, Abdoulaye; Diop, Madoky Maguette; Gueye, Mame Daouda; Léye, Yakham Mohamed; Berthé, Adama; Mourtalla Ka, Mamadou

2014-01-01

Introduction Les objectifs de notre travail étaient de déterminer les indications, les complications et l'apport diagnostique de la ponction biopsie hépatique (PBH) transpariétale. Méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive allant du janvier 2006 à décembre 2010, réalisée dans le service de Médecine Interne de l'hôpital de Pikine de Dakar. Etaient inclus, tous les malades ayant subi une biopsie hépatique, en ambulatoire ou en hospitalisation. Etaient exclus, tous les patients qui ont bénéficié d'une PBH dont les résultats n'ont pas été retrouvés. Les données suivantes étaient étudié: l’âge, le sexe, les indications, la taille du fragment biopsique, Le nombre de carottes, les complications, la comparaison des diagnostics pré biopsiques avec les comptes rendus histologiques. Résultats Ont été colligées 70 patients atteints d'hépatopathie chronique ayant bénéficiés d'une PBH. Il s'agissait de 46 hommes (65.71%) et 24 femmes (34.29%). L’âge moyen des patients était de 36 ans. Les PBH étaient réalisées en ambulatoire chez 58 patients (82.86%) et chez 12 malades hospitalisés (17,14%). Les indications étaient dominées par les hépatites virales chroniques dans 62,86% (44cas), suivi des processus tumoraux du foie dans 24.29% (17 cas). Les complications survenues chez 15 patients (21.43%) étaient représentées de 14 cas de douleur (20%) et d'un cas de malaise vagal (1.43%). Les 70 PBH effectuées ont ramené une carotte dans 35,71% des cas, 2 à 6 carottes dans 32,87% des cas. La longueur moyenne des fragments biopsiques était de 22 ±8 mm. Soixante-six résultats étaient interprétables et 4 non interprétables soit une performance diagnostique de 94,29%. Conclusion La PBH est de pratique sure, avec un respect des contres indications et une bonne maitrise de la technique. Son acceptabilité a été bonne dans notre pratique et sa rentabilité diagnostique excellente. Elle devrait être beaucoup plus

Improving patient-level costing in the English and the German 'DRG' system.

Science.gov (United States)

Vogl, Matthias

2013-03-01

The purpose of this paper is to develop ways to improve patient-level cost apportioning (PLCA) in the English and German inpatient 'DRG' cost accounting systems, to support regulators in improving costing schemes, and to give clinicians and hospital management sophisticated tools to measure and link their management. The paper analyzes and evaluates the PLCA step in the cost accounting schemes of both countries according to the impact on the key aspects of DRG introduction: transparency and efficiency. The goal is to generate a best available PLCA standard with enhanced accuracy and managerial relevance, the main requirements of cost accounting. A best available PLCA standard in 'DRG' cost accounting uses: (1) the cost-matrix from the German system; (2) a third axis in this matrix, representing service-lines or clinical pathways; (3) a scoring system for key cost drivers with the long-term objective of time-driven activity-based costing and (4) a point of delivery separation. Both systems have elements that the other system can learn from. By combining their strengths, regulators are supported in enhancing PLCA systems, improving the accuracy of national reimbursement and the managerial relevance of inpatient cost accounting systems, in order to reduce costs in health care. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Political Uncertainty and Technological Development: The Controversial Case of AGIP Nucleare (1956-1962)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lavista, Fabio

2017-01-01

This chapter examines the relationship between political uncertainty and technological development, through a study of the Italian electro-nuclear industry during the 1950s. It focuses in particular on the case of the 'Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli' (AGIP) Nucleare, an electro-nuclear firm affiliated to the 'Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi' (ENI), the main Italian oil public holding. The first paragraph discusses the role of state-owned enterprises and politics, and is followed by a brief analysis of the Italian government’s electro-nuclear policy. The third and fourth paragraphs examine ENI’s behavior in the energy sector, and give an account of the political difficulties the company faced both nationally and internationally. Finally, the chapter draws some conclusions on the role political choice had in determining the success or failure of technological development processes

Caspian sea: petroleum challenges; Mer Caspienne: enjeux petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2005-07-01

The Caspian sea is one of the world areas the most promising in terms of investments and petroleum development. This study presents the petroleum challenges generated by this hydrocarbons reserve. The first part discusses the juridical status (sea or lake), the petroleum and the gas reserves, the ecosystem and the today environment (fishing and caviar), the geostrategic situation and the transport of gas and oil. It provides also a chronology from 1729 to 2005, a selection of Internet sites, books and reports on the subject and identity sheets of the countries around the Caspian sea. (A.L.B.)

Chemical mass balance source apportionment of fine and PM10 in the Desert Southwest, USA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea L. Clements

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The Desert Southwest Coarse Particulate Matter Study was undertaken in Pinal County, Arizona, to better understand the origin and impact of sources of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM in rural, arid regions of the U.S. southwestern desert. The desert southwest experiences some of the highest PM10 mass concentrations in the country. To augment previously reported results, 6-week aggregated organic speciation data that included ambient concentrations of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organic acids, and saccharides were used in chemical mass balance modeling (CMB. A set of re-suspended soil samples were analyzed for specific marker species to provide locally-appropriate source profiles for the CMB analysis. These profiles, as well as previously collected plant and fungal spore profiles from the region, were combined with published source profiles for other relevant sources and used in the CMB analysis. The six new region-specific source profiles included both organic and inorganic species for four crustal material sources, one plant detritus source, and one fungal spore source.Results indicate that up to half of the ambient PM2.5 was apportioned to motor vehicles with the highest regional contribution observed in the small urban center of Casa Grande. Daily levels of apportioned crustal material accounted for up to 50% of PM2.5 mass with the highest contributions observed at the sites closest to active agricultural areas. Apportioned secondary PM, biomass burning, and road dust typically contributed less than 35% as a group to the apportioned PM2.5 mass. Crustal material was the primary source apportioned to PM10 and accounted for between 50–90% of the apportioned mass. Of the other sources apportioned to PM10, motor vehicles and road dust were the largest contributors at the urban and one of the rural sites, whereas road dust and meat cooking operations were the largest contributors at the other rural site.

26 CFR 1.904-5 - Look-through rules as applied to controlled foreign corporations and other entities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... look-through characterization of such dividend cannot reasonably be determined based on the available... hundred dollars ($100) of S's income is subpart F income taxed currently to P under section 951(a)(1)(A... income method of apportioning interest expense is elected, related person interest shall be apportioned...

Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines. Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem fuer Brennkraftmaschinen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hafner, U.

1990-09-13

A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine is provided with a fuel supply line (13) and at least one electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve (14) for apportioning a quantity of fuel for injection. A connection muzzle (24) coming from the valve body (23) juts into an opening (22) in the suction pipe (21) of the internal combustion engine. The end of the injection valve opposite the connecting muzzle (24) is connected with the fuel supply line via a fuel entry. The valve body (23) is enclosed by a casing (25) in order to provide the conditions required for a warm start. An annulus (31) extending over a large part of the axial length of the valve remains between the casing and the valve body (23). The annulus (31) communicates with the fuel flow through the fuel supply line (13) via an afflux and an efflux opening (32, 33) (Fig. 1).

47 CFR 69.309 - Other investment.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other investment. 69.309 Section 69.309... Apportionment of Net Investment § 69.309 Other investment. Investment that is not apportioned pursuant to §§ 69... category and access elements in the same proportions as the combined investment that is apportioned...

Différent Transfusional Regulatory Systems in the World

OpenAIRE

SLBHENGE, Zivanai

2013-01-01

L'objectif de ce projet est de comparer et contraster les différents systèmes réglementaires de transfusion sanguine dans le monde. Avec une demande toujours croissante sur des approvisionnements en sang dans le monde entier, il y - a un immense besoin d'assurer des produits sûrs et suffisants d'apport de sang. Cependant le cadre juridique pour un système de sang exprime la politique nationale de sang et décrit des mécanismes régissant la collection, le traitement et la transfusio...

26 CFR 1.861-12 - Characterization rules and adjustments for certain assets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... noncontrolled section 902 corporation the interest expense of which is apportioned on the basis of assets shall be characterized in the hands of its domestic shareholders (as defined in § 1.902-1(a)(1)) under the... interest expense of which is apportioned on the basis of gross income shall be characterized in the hands...

THEODORE, a two-step heating system for the EC/OC determination of radiocarbon (14C) in the environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szidat, S.; Jenk, T.M.; Gaeggeler, H.W.; Synal, H.-A.; Hajdas, I.; Bonani, G.; Saurer, M.

2004-01-01

Measurements of 14 C in the organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) fractions, respectively, of fine aerosol particles bear the potential to apportion anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources. For this purpose, the system THEODORE (two-step heating system for the EC/OC determination of radiocarbon in the environment) was developed. In this device, OC and EC are transformed into carbon dioxide in a stream of oxygen at 340 and 650 deg. C, respectively, and reduced to filamentous carbon. This is the target material for subsequent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C measurements, which were performed on sub-milligram carbon samples at the PSI/ETH compact 500 kV AMS system. Quality assurance measurements of SRM 1649a, Urban Dust, yielded a fraction of modern f M in total carbon (TC) of 0.522 ± 0.018 (n=5, 95% confidence level) in agreement with reported values. The results for OC and EC are 0.70 ± 0.05 (n=3) and 0.066 ± 0.020 (n=4), respectively

Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road runoff, dust, rain and canopy throughfall

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Wei; Zhang Shucai; Wan Chao; Yue Dapan; Ye Youbin; Wang Xuejun

2008-01-01

Diagnostic ratios and multivariate analysis were utilized to apportion polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sources for road runoff, road dust, rain and canopy throughfall based on samples collected in an urban area of Beijing, China. Three sampling sites representing vehicle lane, bicycle lane and branch road were selected. For road runoff and road dust, vehicular emission and coal combustion were identified as major sources, and the source contributions varied among the sampling sites. For rain, three principal components were apportioned representing coal/oil combustion (54%), vehicular emission (34%) and coking (12%). For canopy throughfall, vehicular emission (56%), coal combustion (30%) and oil combustion (14%) were identified as major sources. Overall, the PAH's source for road runoff mainly reflected that for road dust. Despite site-specific sources, the findings at the study area provided a general picture of PAHs sources for the road runoff system in urban area of Beijing. - Urban road runoff and road dust, canopy throughfall and rain were considered as a system for diagnostics of PAH sources

2210-IJBCS-Article-Makenzo Giseèle

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

compléter les apports nutritionnels du lait maternel. Ces derniers doivent apporter en proportions équilibrées les protéines, les lipides, les glucides et les sels minéraux. (Mouquet-rivier, 2006). Si l'enfant n'est pas bien nourri, divers signes de malnutrition protéino-énergétique. (Bouwer et al., 2000; OPS, 2003) apparaissent.

Reliability Assessment of Wind Farm Electrical System Based on a Probability Transfer Technique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hejun Yang

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The electrical system of a wind farm has a significant influence on the wind farm reliability and electrical energy yield. The disconnect switch installed in an electrical system cannot only improve the operating flexibility, but also enhance the reliability for a wind farm. Therefore, this paper develops a probabilistic transfer technique for integrating the electrical topology structure, the isolation operation of disconnect switch, and stochastic failure of electrical equipment into the reliability assessment of wind farm electrical system. Firstly, as the traditional two-state reliability model of electrical equipment cannot consider the isolation operation, so the paper develops a three-state reliability model to replace the two-state model for incorporating the isolation operation. In addition, a proportion apportion technique is presented to evaluate the state probability. Secondly, this paper develops a probabilistic transfer technique based on the thoughts that through transfer the unreliability of electrical system to the energy transmission interruption of wind turbine generators (WTGs. Finally, some novel indices for describing the reliability of wind farm electrical system are designed, and the variance coefficient of the designed indices is used as a convergence criterion to determine the termination of the assessment process. The proposed technique is applied to the reliability assessment of a wind farm with the different topologies. The simulation results show that the proposed techniques are effective in practical applications.

Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road runoff, dust, rain and canopy throughfall.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wei; Zhang, Shucai; Wan, Chao; Yue, Dapan; Ye, Youbin; Wang, Xuejun

2008-06-01

Diagnostic ratios and multivariate analysis were utilized to apportion polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sources for road runoff, road dust, rain and canopy throughfall based on samples collected in an urban area of Beijing, China. Three sampling sites representing vehicle lane, bicycle lane and branch road were selected. For road runoff and road dust, vehicular emission and coal combustion were identified as major sources, and the source contributions varied among the sampling sites. For rain, three principal components were apportioned representing coal/oil combustion (54%), vehicular emission (34%) and coking (12%). For canopy throughfall, vehicular emission (56%), coal combustion (30%) and oil combustion (14%) were identified as major sources. Overall, the PAH's source for road runoff mainly reflected that for road dust. Despite site-specific sources, the findings at the study area provided a general picture of PAHs sources for the road runoff system in urban area of Beijing.

EUROCONTROL-Systemic Occurrence Analysis Methodology (SOAM)-A 'Reason'-based organisational methodology for analysing incidents and accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Licu, Tony; Cioran, Florin; Hayward, Brent; Lowe, Andrew

2007-01-01

The Safety Occurrence Analysis Methodology (SOAM) developed for EUROCONTROL is an accident investigation methodology based on the Reason Model of organisational accidents. The purpose of a SOAM is to broaden the focus of an investigation from human involvement issues, also known as 'active failures of operational personnel' under Reason's original model, to include analysis of the latent conditions deeper within the organisation that set the context for the event. Such an approach is consistent with the tenets of Just Culture in which people are encouraged to provide full and open information about how incidents occurred, and are not penalised for errors. A truly systemic approach is not simply a means of transferring responsibility for a safety occurrence from front-line employees to senior managers. A consistent philosophy must be applied, where the investigation process seeks to correct deficiencies wherever they may be found, without attempting to apportion blame or liability

Exergy costing for energy saving in combined heating and cooling applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen, Chan; Veje, Christian T.; Willatzen, Morten; Andersen, Peer

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We investigate the basis for cost apportioning of simultaneous heating and cooling. • Two thermoeconomic methods based on energy and exergy costing is demonstrated. • The unit cost of heating and cooling for a heat pump system is found and compared. • Energy costing may obstruct efficient use of energy. • Exergy costing provides the most rational cost apportioning for energy saving. - Abstract: The aim of this study is to provide a price model that motivates energy saving for a combined district heating and cooling system. A novel analysis using two thermoeconomic methods for apportioning the costs to heating and cooling provided simultaneously by an ammonia heat pump is demonstrated. In the first method, referred to as energy costing, a conventional thermoeconomic analysis is used. Here the ammonia heat pump is subject to a thermodynamic analysis with mass and energy balance equations. In the second method referred to as exergy costing, an exergy based economic analysis is used, where exergy balance equations are used in conjunction with mass and energy balance equations. In both costing methods the thermodynamic analysis is followed by an economic analysis which includes investment and operating costs. For both methods the unit costs of heating and cooling are found and compared. The analysis shows that the two methods yield significantly different results. Rather surprisingly, it is demonstrated that the exergy costing method results in about three times higher unit cost for heating than for cooling as opposed to equal unit costs when using the energy method. Further the exergy-based cost for heating changes considerably with the heating temperature while that of cooling is much less affected

1923-IJBCS-Article-Yapo Magloire Yapi

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

d'apport d'amidon (via une céréale) en substitution d'apports protéiques et de fibres. Ces aliments ont été testés sur trois lots d'aulacodes, du sevrage jusqu'à 96 jours d'âge. L'analyse des performances zootechniques et sanitaires obtenus indique qu'un bon compromis entre santé digestive et croissance de l'aulacode ...

Apportioning liability for transborder damages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krause-Ablass, W.-D.

1988-01-01

The legal situation in the case of cross border damage being caused by reactor accidents or transportation of nuclear material through more than one country is analysed. Two questions have to be asked - which country's courts have jurisdiction over the claims for damage? and which law is applicable? In considering the jurisdiction problem, the Paris and Vienna Conventions are discussed and also other rules of jurisdiction. The way the law is applicable is discussed in the second section. When the action for liability is based on the Paris or Vienna Convention the issue of reciprocity may arise and this is discussed. After a nuclear incident a potential plaintiff may have a choice amongst various jurisdictions and various available laws. Success may depend on the right choice of the forum chosen. This is illustrated by two examples. (U.K.)

Bladder carcinoma. Apport MR imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roy, C.; Spittler, G.; Jacqmin, D.; Morel, M.

1991-01-01

Bladder carcinoma is the second most commun cause of urogenital tumor. It is suspected by abdominal ultrasound and prouved by cystoscopy with biopsy. At present, MR Imaging is the most accurate diagnostic modality for loco-regional staging. Urography is still useful to appreciate urinary tract [fr

Disruption of spatial organization and interjoint coordination in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and multiple system atrophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Leiguarda, R; Merello, M; Balej, J; Starkstein, S; Nogues, M; Marsden, C D

2000-07-01

Patients with basal ganglia diseases may exhibit ideomotor apraxia. To define the nature of the impairment of the action production system, we studied a repetitive gesture of slicing bread by three-dimensional computergraphic analysis in eight nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease in the "on" state, five with progressive supranuclear palsy and four with multiple system atrophy. Two patients with Parkinson's disease and two with progressive supranuclear palsy showed ideomotor apraxia for transitive movements on standard testing. A Selspott II system was used for kinematic analysis of wrist trajectories and angular motions of the shoulder and elbow joints. Patients with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and even some with multiple system atrophy exhibited kinematic deficits in the spatial precision of movement and velocity-curvature relationships; in addition, they failed to maintain proper angle/angle relationships and to apportion their relative joint amplitudes normally. Spatial disruption of wrist trajectories was more severe in patients with ideomotor apraxia. We posit that the basal ganglia are part of the parallel parieto-frontal circuits devoted to sensorimotor integration for object-oriented behavior. The severity and characteristics of spatial abnormalities of a transitive movement would therefore depend on the location and distribution of the pathologic process within these circuits.

Snakes in Ireland: questioning the assumption of 'collective responsibility' to protect refugees

OpenAIRE

Zieck, M.

2011-01-01

The recognition of the international scope and nature of the problem of refugees, which induced the establishment of UNHCR and the adoption of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, did not result in shared responsibility for the protection of refugees but rather in a strict apportioning of responsibilities between UNHCR on the one hand, and states on the other. Rather than sharing the apportioned part as a collective responsibility, states become individually responsible for...

Metrological tests of a 200 L calibration source for HPGE detector systems for assay of radioactive waste drums.

Science.gov (United States)

Boshkova, T; Mitev, K

2016-03-01

In this work we present test procedures, approval criteria and results from two metrological inspections of a certified large volume (152)Eu source (drum about 200L) intended for calibration of HPGe gamma assay systems used for activity measurement of radioactive waste drums. The aim of the inspections was to prove the stability of the calibration source during its working life. The large volume source was designed and produced in 2007. It consists of 448 identical sealed radioactive sources (modules) apportioned in 32 transparent plastic tubes which were placed in a wooden matrix which filled the drum. During the inspections the modules were subjected to tests for verification of their certified characteristics. The results show a perfect compliance with the NIST basic guidelines for the properties of a radioactive certified reference material (CRM) and demonstrate the stability of the large volume CRM-drum after 7 years of operation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estimation of the energy needs; Estimation des besoins energetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ailleret, [Electricite de France (EDF), Dir. General des Etudes de Recherches, 75 - Paris (France)

1955-07-01

The present report draws up the balance on the present and estimable energy consumption for the next twenty years. The present energy comes mainly of the consumption of coal, oil products and essentially hydraulic electric energy. the market development comes essentially of the development the industrial activity and of new applications tributary of the cost and the distribution of the electric energy. To this effect, the atomic energy offers good industrial perspectives in complement of the energy present resources in order to answer the new needs. (M.B.) [French] Le present rapport dresse le bilan sur la consommation energetique actuelle et previsionnelle pour les vingt prochaines annees. L'energie actuelle provient principalement consommation de charbon, de produits petroliers et d'energie electrique essentiellement hydraulique. l'evolution du marche provient essentielement du developpement l'activite industriel et de nouvelles applications tributaire du cout et de la distribution de l'energie electrique. A cet effet, l'energie atomique offre de bonne perspectives industrielles en complement des sources actuelles energetiques afin de repondre aux nouveaux besoins. (M.B.)

Oil companies make the deep-sea production reliable; Les petroliers fiabilisent la production par grands fonds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jemain, A.

2002-06-01

Today, oil companies have to face important technical challenges in deep offshore operations like drilling wells with more than 3000 m of water depth, but the main problem concerns the reliability of underwater production equipments with respect to their pressure and fatigue resistance and to their durability. New solutions have to be found to fluidify the crude in deep sea conditions (thermal insulation, 'pipe in pipe' system, electrical heating, additives, inhibitors..) and to prevent the formation of paraffin and hydrates (flow assurance), and also to reduce the weight of risers (use of low density high grade composite materials). (J.S.)

Study of immiscibilities in the trilaurylamine - dodecane - nitric acid - plutonium system; Etude des immiscibilites dans le systeme trilaurylamine - dodecane - acide nitrique - plutonium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saey, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

Phase equilibrium in systems made up of trilaurylamine, dodecane, nitric acid tetravalent plutonium is shown by drawing the triangular diagrams. the study of these diagrams provides informations concerning the causes of immiscibility. Heterogeneity of the organic mixtures can be related to some characteristics of the components- dipole moment, molecular polarizability and hydrogen bond exchanging ability-Depending on these, some rules may be established which can be used to make a proper choice of an additive in order to improve the miscibility. As an application a study on the partial substitution of dodecane with decalin, in plutonium extraction experiments, has been done showing a possible improvement of the extraction process. (author) [French] L equilibre des phases dans les systemes formes a partir de trilaurylamine, de dodecane, d'acide nitrique et de plutonium tetravalent est represente en tracant les diagrammes triangulaires. L'examen de ces diagrammes permet d'apporter certaines precisions en ce qui concerne l'origine des immiscibilites. Celles ci sont ensuite reliees a certaines caracteristiques des constituants: le moment dipolaire, la polarisabilite moleculaire et la tendance a former des liaisons hydrogene. Sur les memes bases, il est possible d'etablir un certain nombre de regles pouvant servir a guider le choix d'un additif ameliorant la miscibilite. En application, une etude sur le remplacement partiel du dodecane par la decaline montre l'interet de l'emploi de ce compose dans le procede de purification du plutonium. (auteur)

Sea King SHOL Support for Post-HCM/FELEX HALIFAX Class Ships

Science.gov (United States)

2014-05-01

modernisation de mi-durée. Les modifica- tions techniques apportées aux navires pendant le radoub ont entraïné des changements im- portants à la...classe Halifax connaissent une modernisation (MCH) de mi-durée. Les modifications techniques apportées aux navires pendant le radoub ont entraïné des...ship DAQ components were distributed about the ship at the bow, mast, port bridge wing, port breezeway, howdah (a.k.a. LSO compartment), Flyco (a.k.a

ASPECTS NUTRITIONNELS DES ACIDES GRAS POLYINSATURES n-3 Augmentation sélective de la sensibilité des tumeurs à la chimiothérapie par les acides gras polyinsaturés n-3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bougnoux Philippe

2000-01-01

Full Text Available L’alimentation intervient à différents niveaux dans le déroulement de la maladie cancéreuse : au niveau du risque [1] et au niveau de l’évolution en modifiant le risque de survenue des métastases. L’alimentation influence-t-elle aussi la réponse aux traitements anticancéreux ? À l’appui de cette hypothèse viennent deux observations indirectes réalisées dans le cancer du sein : nos données [2, 3] ainsi que les observations épidémiologiques provenant d’autres travaux [4] ont apporté des arguments supportant l’hypothèse que les lipides alimentaires peuvent influencer la réponse des tumeurs mammaires aux traitements. On sait que la composition des lipides membranaires n’est pas génétiquement déterminée, mais qu’elle dépend des acides gras disponibles aux tissus périphériques. Le type d’acides gras disponibles est influencé par les apports alimentaires. Comme les tumeurs incorporent dans leurs lipides les acides gras disponibles de façon similaire aux autres tissus [5], il est plausible que les habitudes alimentaires (apports alimentaires en acides gras polyinsaturés, vitamines anti ou pro-oxydantes puissent influencer leur chimiosensibilité en apportant aux cellules tumorales des substrats de peroxydation.

Macro-prudential policy on liquidity: What does a DSGE model tell us?

OpenAIRE

Chadha, Jagjit S.; Corrado, Luisa

2011-01-01

The financial crisis has led to the development of an active debate on the use of macro-prudential instruments for regulating the banking system, in particular for liquidity and capital holdings. Within the context of a micro-founded macroeconomic model, we allow commercial banks to choose their optimal mix of assets, apportioning these either to reserves or private sector loans. We examine the implications for quantities, relative non-financial and financial prices from standard macroeconomi...

Analytical method of waste allocation in waste management systems: Concept, method and case study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergeron, Francis C., E-mail: francis.b.c@videotron.ca

2017-01-15

Waste is not a rejected item to dispose anymore but increasingly a secondary resource to exploit, influencing waste allocation among treatment operations in a waste management (WM) system. The aim of this methodological paper is to present a new method for the assessment of the WM system, the “analytical method of the waste allocation process” (AMWAP), based on the concept of the “waste allocation process” defined as the aggregation of all processes of apportioning waste among alternative waste treatment operations inside or outside the spatial borders of a WM system. AMWAP contains a conceptual framework and an analytical approach. The conceptual framework includes, firstly, a descriptive model that focuses on the description and classification of the WM system. It includes, secondly, an explanatory model that serves to explain and to predict the operation of the WM system. The analytical approach consists of a step-by-step analysis for the empirical implementation of the conceptual framework. With its multiple purposes, AMWAP provides an innovative and objective modular method to analyse a WM system which may be integrated in the framework of impact assessment methods and environmental systems analysis tools. Its originality comes from the interdisciplinary analysis of the WAP and to develop the conceptual framework. AMWAP is applied in the framework of an illustrative case study on the household WM system of Geneva (Switzerland). It demonstrates that this method provides an in-depth and contextual knowledge of WM. - Highlights: • The study presents a new analytical method based on the waste allocation process. • The method provides an in-depth and contextual knowledge of the waste management system. • The paper provides a reproducible procedure for professionals, experts and academics. • It may be integrated into impact assessment or environmental system analysis tools. • An illustrative case study is provided based on household waste

Analytical method of waste allocation in waste management systems: Concept, method and case study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bergeron, Francis C.

2017-01-01

Waste is not a rejected item to dispose anymore but increasingly a secondary resource to exploit, influencing waste allocation among treatment operations in a waste management (WM) system. The aim of this methodological paper is to present a new method for the assessment of the WM system, the “analytical method of the waste allocation process” (AMWAP), based on the concept of the “waste allocation process” defined as the aggregation of all processes of apportioning waste among alternative waste treatment operations inside or outside the spatial borders of a WM system. AMWAP contains a conceptual framework and an analytical approach. The conceptual framework includes, firstly, a descriptive model that focuses on the description and classification of the WM system. It includes, secondly, an explanatory model that serves to explain and to predict the operation of the WM system. The analytical approach consists of a step-by-step analysis for the empirical implementation of the conceptual framework. With its multiple purposes, AMWAP provides an innovative and objective modular method to analyse a WM system which may be integrated in the framework of impact assessment methods and environmental systems analysis tools. Its originality comes from the interdisciplinary analysis of the WAP and to develop the conceptual framework. AMWAP is applied in the framework of an illustrative case study on the household WM system of Geneva (Switzerland). It demonstrates that this method provides an in-depth and contextual knowledge of WM. - Highlights: • The study presents a new analytical method based on the waste allocation process. • The method provides an in-depth and contextual knowledge of the waste management system. • The paper provides a reproducible procedure for professionals, experts and academics. • It may be integrated into impact assessment or environmental system analysis tools. • An illustrative case study is provided based on household waste

Modélisation d'une détente quasi-isotherme d'un gaz par contact direct avec un fluide caloporteur

OpenAIRE

Blaise , Mathilde; Maillet , Denis; Feidt , Michel; Alemany , Antoine; Forcinetti , Renato

2015-01-01

National audience; Les besoins en électricité sont croissants, cependant, les rejets thermiques industriels sont peu valorisés. La reconsidération des moteurs à apport de chaleur externe est un enjeu d'actualité pour la valorisation des rejets thermiques. Dans ces derniers, la phase de détente motrice offre des possibilités d'amélioration. L'idée ici est d'accompagner cette étape par un apport de chaleur par contact direct avec un fluide caloporteur. En effet, la détente d'un gaz entre une ha...

Delphine Naudier (dir.), « Genre et activité littéraire. Les écrivaines francophones », Sociétés contemporaines

OpenAIRE

Avenel, Céline

2011-01-01

Les trois articles du dossier « Genre et activité littéraire : les écrivaines francophones » apportent un éclairage singulier sur le quotidien des écrivaines et toutes les sortes de négociations et transgressions des rôles de sexe que l'écriture peut engendrer pour une femme. L'article de V. Gemis analyse, avec l'apport des études de genre ainsi que la sociologie de la littérature, la complexité des positions adoptées par les femmes de lettres belges, à travers l'interrelation du collectif et...

Metrological tests of a 200 L calibration source for HPGE detector systems for assay of radioactive waste drums

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boshkova, T.; Mitev, K.

2016-01-01

In this work we present test procedures, approval criteria and results from two metrological inspections of a certified large volume "1"5"2Eu source (drum about 200 L) intended for calibration of HPGe gamma assay systems used for activity measurement of radioactive waste drums. The aim of the inspections was to prove the stability of the calibration source during its working life. The large volume source was designed and produced in 2007. It consists of 448 identical sealed radioactive sources (modules) apportioned in 32 transparent plastic tubes which were placed in a wooden matrix which filled the drum. During the inspections the modules were subjected to tests for verification of their certified characteristics. The results show a perfect compliance with the NIST basic guidelines for the properties of a radioactive certified reference material (CRM) and demonstrate the stability of the large volume CRM-drum after 7 years of operation. - Highlights: • Large (200 L) volume drum source designed, produced and certified as CRM in 2007. • Source contains 448 identical sealed radioactive "1"5"2Eu sources (modules). • Two metrological inspections in 2011 and 2014. • No statistically significant changes of the certified characteristics over time. • Stable calibration source for HPGe-gamma radioactive waste assay systems.

Apport de l'analyse des réseaux sociaux à l'étude des communautés d'apprentissage en ligne Using social network analysis for the study of online learning communities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cédric Sarré

2012-09-01

Full Text Available S'il est vrai que de nombreuses recherches ont porté, ces vingt dernières années, sur l'apport de la communication médiatisée par ordinateur (CMO à l'acquisition des langues secondes (L2, peu de travaux se sont intéressés à ce jour à la CMO à base orale (audioconférence et visioconférence et à ses différences et similitudes avec la CMO à base écrite. Cet article se propose d'examiner et de comparer les interactions entre apprenants générées lors de la réalisation de tâches collaboratives en anglais L2 selon trois modes de CMO : le clavardage, la visioconférence et le forum électronique. Les tâches collaboratives ont été proposées aux apprenants dans le cadre du dispositif hybride English for biologists dont l'objectif principal était de favoriser le développement de leur compétence interactionnelle en L2. L'analyse sociométrique des échanges nous permet de mettre en évidence l'influence du mode de CMO utilisé sur la charge interactionnelle (degré de prise en compte de l'autre et sur la configuration des interactions, ainsi que sur l'efficacité de la télécollaboration. Nous en tirons également des conclusions relatives à l'impact du mode de CMO sur l'entrée des apprenants dans la communauté d'apprentissage qui émerge de chacun des groupes de travail auquel ils appartiennent.In spite of the amount of published research on the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC in second language acquisition (SLA in the past twenty years, few of these studies deal with voice-based CMC (audioconferencing and videoconferencing and with how it compares with text-based CMC. This article aims at bridging this gap by examining and comparing learner-to-learner interactions in L2 English that were generated during the completion of collaborative tasks using three different CMC modes: text chat, desktop videoconferencing and discussion board. The collaborative tasks to be completed were part of a blended learning system

Optimization of refinery operations when uncertainty exists: Algeria's case; Optimisation des operations du raffinage en presence d'incertitudes: Cas de l'Algerie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benyoucef, Abderrezak; Lantz, Frederic

2010-09-15

The objective of this article is to analyze the development of Algeria refinery industry when uncertainty exists, from a dynamic linear programming model. Because of the different market conditions volatility, many parameters must be able to be considered as uncertain. In our study, we treat mainly uncertainties of petroleum products demand. The model gives production levels, the units market rate and the exterior exchange of products at horizons 2030. It allows to appreciate the impact of volatility on this industry's development. [French] L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser le developpement de l'industrie algerienne du raffinage en presence d'incertitudes, a partir d'un modele de programmation lineaire dynamique. En raison de la volatilite des differentes conditions du marche, de nombreux parametres doivent pouvoir etre consideres comme incertains. Dans notre etude, nous traitons en particulier des incertitudes sur la demande des produits petroliers. Le modele fournit les niveaux de production, le taux de marche des unites et les echanges exterieurs de produits a l'horizon 2030. Il permet ainsi d'apprecier l'impact de la volatilite sur le developpement de cette industrie.

From the local structure of the catalytic materials to the colloidal macrostructure of systems of the petroleum industry; De la structure locale des materiaux catalytiques a la macrostructure colloidale des systemes d'interet petrolier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Espinat, D.

2006-01-15

The industrial development of new catalysts or adsorbents needs a further knowledge into the structure and texture of these materials. Thus, several techniques must be used in order to deliver complementary information. X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction provide a precise structural and textural characterisation. X-ray or neutron beam is scattered when crossing the sample; high values of the scattering vector are used for structure determination, while, low values enable texture or macrostructure characterisation of the compound. Heterogeneous catalysts show a large specific area and are made of small particles, close to tenth of nanometers. Thus, crystalline domains are small and the wide angle X-ray scattering shows few Bragg peaks having large full width at half maximum. It becomes difficult, for such materials, to obtain crystallographic information and we have proposed a new approach based on the X-ray diagram simulation according to a structural model of the solid (Precray-Simax software). Several applications have concerned catalysts exhibiting a MoS{sub 2}-type structure, compounds having spinel-like structure, as for instance alumina (catalyst carrier) or zinc aluminate. Zeolites, used as catalysts or adsorbents, have a large specific area with extended crystalline domains. Rietveld refinement technique was used for a better understanding of zeolite stabilisation needed for industrial applications. The use of faujasite-type zeolites for the separation process of para-xylene from C8 aromatics has taken on several works using X-ray and neutron diffraction, gravimetry studies, molecular simulations, in order to describe molecular adsorption on zeolites and to get insight in zeolites selectivity origin. Various colloidal systems, others than catalysts and adsorbents, are often found in petroleum industry, and better knowledge of these materials is truly necessary to advance industrial processes. Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering allow to get

Incorporating Function Points into Earned Value Management

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-01

th th t b t it it t dorgan za on s ou  use  ose  a   es  su   s  managemen  nee s. – 3.7.2 Apportioned Effort • Apportioned effort is work for which...Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202...of  management and technology issues.  He is an experienced project manager, managing over 50 projects during  hi M R t h i ll id d t i ht i t f t j

Activity based costing the performance breakthrough

CERN Document Server

Turney, Peter B B

1996-01-01

Activity-based costing is a method of measuring the cost and performance of activities, products and customers. It is increasingly being seen as a more accurate method of costing than conventional costing systems, which are being superseded by the fact that automation means that direct material and labour consumption is now a far less accurate means of apportioning overheads. This practical book outlines why conventional cost systems fail, before going on to cover the advantages of activity-based costing, and describing how to put the system in place successfully, and how to apply the lessons learnt quickly. The book takes the reader step-by-step through the various processes involved, from setting up the system, through its operation, to evaluation of the results.

Le LHC, un tunnel cosmique

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2009-01-01

Et si la lumière au bout du tunnel du LHC était cosmique ? En d’autres termes, qu’est-ce que le LHC peut nous apporter dans la connaissance de l’Univers ? Car la montée en énergie des accélérateurs de particules nous permet de mieux appréhender l’univers primordial, chaud et dense. Mais dans quel sens dit-on que le LHC reproduit des conditions proches du Big bang ? Quelles informations nous apporte-t-il sur le contenu de l’Univers ? La matière noire est-elle détectable au LHC ? L’énergie noire ? Pourquoi l’antimatière accumulée au CERN est-elle si rare dans l’Univers ? Et si le CERN a bâti sa réputation sur l’exploration des forces faibles et fortes qui opèrent au sein des atomes et de leurs noyaux, est-ce que le LHC peut nous apporter des informations sur la force gravitationnelle qui gouverne l’évolution cosmique ? Depuis une trentaine d’années, notre compréhension de l’univers dans ses plus grandes dimensions et l’appréhension de son comportement aux plus peti...

Mining on Big Data Using Hadoop MapReduce Model

Science.gov (United States)

Salman Ahmed, G.; Bhattacharya, Sweta

2017-11-01

Customary parallel calculations for mining nonstop item create opportunity to adjust stack of similar data among hubs. The paper aims to review this process by analyzing the critical execution downside of the common parallel recurrent item-set mining calculations. Given a larger than average dataset, data apportioning strategies inside the current arrangements endure high correspondence and mining overhead evoked by repetitive exchanges transmitted among registering hubs. We tend to address this downside by building up a learning apportioning approach referred as Hadoop abuse using the map-reduce programming model. All objectives of Hadoop are to zest up the execution of parallel recurrent item-set mining on Hadoop bunches. Fusing the comparability metric and furthermore the locality-sensitive hashing procedure, Hadoop puts to a great degree comparative exchanges into an information segment to lift neighborhood while not making AN exorbitant assortment of excess exchanges. We tend to execute Hadoop on a 34-hub Hadoop bunch, driven by a decent change of datasets made by IBM quest market-basket manufactured data generator. Trial uncovers the fact that Hadoop contributes towards lessening system and processing masses by the uprightness of dispensing with excess exchanges on Hadoop hubs. Hadoop impressively outperforms and enhances the other models considerably.

Development of a method for personal, spatiotemporal exposure assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Adams, Colby; Riggs, Philip; Volckens, John

2009-07-01

This work describes the development and evaluation of a high resolution, space and time-referenced sampling method for personal exposure assessment to airborne particulate matter (PM). This method integrates continuous measures of personal PM levels with the corresponding location-activity (i.e. work/school, home, transit) of the subject. Monitoring equipment include a small, portable global positioning system (GPS) receiver, a miniature aerosol nephelometer, and an ambient temperature monitor to estimate the location, time, and magnitude of personal exposure to particulate matter air pollution. Precision and accuracy of each component, as well as the integrated method performance were tested in a combination of laboratory and field tests. Spatial data was apportioned into pre-determined location-activity categories (i.e. work/school, home, transit) with a simple, temporospatially-based algorithm. The apportioning algorithm was extremely effective with an overall accuracy of 99.6%. This method allows examination of an individual's estimated exposure through space and time, which may provide new insights into exposure-activity relationships not possible with traditional exposure assessment techniques (i.e., time-integrated, filter-based measurements). Furthermore, the method is applicable to any contaminant or stressor that can be measured on an individual with a direct-reading sensor.

7 CFR 1250.510 - Determination of Board Membership.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina; Area 3 (East North Central..., Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Washington. (b) Board representation among the 6 geographic areas is apportioned...

VT Senate Districts 2012

Data.gov (United States)

Vermont Center for Geographic Information — (Link to Metadata) Vermont General Assembly is periodically re-apportioned to reflect the state's changing population patterns. The current apportionment process is...

The economic growth of oil countries; La croissance economique des pays petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arbod, G

2007-02-15

The literature tries to apprehend the weakness of the economic growth of oil culminates by the assumption of ousted growth factors. In the Dutch Disease models the non-oil exporting sector would be ousted whereas in the analyses in terms of economic policies it would be the efficient economic policies. We consider the phenomenon through the growth theories, the oil income being regarded as an additional exogenous income for the economy. In this manner the growth dynamic of oil countries, even the most unfavourable, can be modelled without utilizing any concept of economic inefficiency. The last part of our work is devoted to the Saudi economy. After having developed a macro-econometric model, and using scenarios of oil prices, we lead a forecasted analysis of this economy. (author)

47 CFR 36.224 - Extraordinary items-Account 7600.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

..., REVENUES, EXPENSES, TAXES AND RESERVES FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES 1 Operating Revenues and Certain... account of an operating nature are apportioned on a basis consistent with the nature of these items. ...

Application des techniques de diffusion de la lumière des rayons x et des neutrons à l'étude des systèmes colloïdaux. Deuxième partie : étude des différents systèmes : polymères en solution à l'état solide, solutions micellaires, systèmes fractals Application of Light, X-Ray and Neutron Diffusion Techniques to the Study of Colloidal Systems. Part Two: Research on Different Systems: Polymers in Solution in the Solid State, Micellar Solutions, Fractals Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Espinat D.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article fait suite à la première partie (Revue Inst. Franç. du Pétrole, vol. 45, n°6, novembre-décembre 1990 concernant l'application des techniques de diffusion de la lumière, des rayons X et des neutrons à l'étude des systèmes colloïdaux et plus précisément à la présentation théorique des trois méthodes. L'objet de cette deuxième partie est la présentation non exhaustive de quelques domaines d'applications. Nous nous attacherons tout particulièrement à présenter les potentialités des méthodes pour la caractérisation de systèmes colloïdaux ou divisés rencontrés dans de nombreuses branches d'activité de l'industrie pétrolière. Nous aborderons dans une première partie les solutions polymériques et colloïdales. En particulier nous nous attarderons sur l'importance des techniques de diffusion pour la caractérisation des polymères en solution et des solutions micellaires. Nous verrons également quelles informations la diffusion centrale peut apporter sur la macrostructure des polymères cristallisés ou amorphes à l'état solide. De nombreux systèmes présentent une structure de type fractal ; après présentation de quelques exemples, nous montrerons que les méthodes de diffusion peuvent apporter certaines informations sur ces matériaux, notamment la dimension fractale. This article is the second one (the first one was published in Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole No. 6, NovemberDecember 1990 concerning the application of techniques of light scattering, X rays and neutrons to the analysis of colloidal systems and more specifically to the theoretical description of the three methods. The aim of this second part is to make a nonexhaustive description of several fields of applications. A special effort is made to describe the potential of these methods for characterizing colloidal or divided systems encountered in a great many activities involving the petroleum industry. The first part of this

49 CFR 501.7 - Administrator's reservations of authority.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... under 23 U.S.C. chapter 4, as amended, to: (1) Apportion authorization amounts and distribute obligation... penalties and approve manufacturer fuel economy credit plans under chapter 329. (d) The authority under...

40 CFR Appendix B to Subpart E of... - Federal Guidelines-User Charges for Operation and Maintenance of Publicly Owned Treatment Works

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... charges is to distribute the cost of operation and maintenance of publicly owned treatment works to the... not be acceptable. Savings resulting from economies of scale should be apportioned to all users or...

24 CFR 266.305 - HFAs accepting less than 50 percent of risk.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... things, will apportion units and obligate credit subsidy to the project. (d) Inspections and other.... (e) Endorsement of mortgage note for insurance. So long as the HFA is in good standing, and absent...

38 CFR 3.500 - General.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... last payment when reason for apportionment no longer exists. (2) Where pension was apportioned under... is later. (l) Guardian, marriage or divorce of (§ 3.856). Date of last payment (pending receipt of...

American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates for Coastal Geographies

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The American Community Survey (ACS) is an ongoing statistical survey that samples a small percentage of the population every year. These data have been apportioned...

Fair Resource Allocation to Health Research: Priority Topics for Bioethics Scholarship.

Science.gov (United States)

Pratt, Bridget; Hyder, Adnan A

2017-07-01

This article draws attention to the limited amount of scholarship on what constitutes fairness and equity in resource allocation to health research by individual funders. It identifies three key decisions of ethical significance about resource allocation that research funders make regularly and calls for prioritizing scholarship on those topics - namely, how health resources should be fairly apportioned amongst public health and health care delivery versus health research, how health research resources should be fairly allocated between health problems experienced domestically versus other health problems typically experienced by disadvantaged populations outside the funder's country, and how domestic and non-domestic health research funding should be further apportioned to different areas, e.g. types of research and recipients. These three topics should be priorities for bioethics research because their outcomes have a substantial bearing on the achievement of health justice. The proposed agenda aims to move discussion on the ethics of health research funding beyond its current focus on the mismatch between worldwide basic and clinical research investment and the global burden of disease. Individual funders' decision-making on whether and to what extent to allocate resources to non-domestic health research, health systems research, research on the social determinants of health, capacity development, and recipients in certain countries should also be the focus of ethical scrutiny. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Green gas in the natural gas distribution system. Towards a zero-energy dairy industry. Part 1; Groen gas op het aardgasnet. Naar een energieneutrale zuivelketen. Deel 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruinsma, B. [KWA Bedrijfsadviseurs, Amersfoort (Netherlands)

2007-09-15

This is the second report in a series on 'zero-energy dairy industry' in the Netherlands. In this first report options were explored. In the second report three concrete pilot projects were presented (Beemster, Koudum. St. Oedenrode). In the third report we focus on making the transport part zero-energy [Dutch] Dit rapport is het eerste rapport in de reeks 'naar een energieneutrale zuivelketen' waarin de mogelijkheden worden verkend. In het tweede apport worden drie concrete pilotprojecten gepresenteerd (Beemster, Koudum. St. Oedenrode). In het derde rapport zoomen we in op het energieneutraal maken van het onderdeel transport in de zuivelketen.

47 CFR 69.401 - Direct expenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... elements in the same proportions as the combined investment in COE, IOT, and C&WF apportioned to each... shall be deemed to be associated with § 69.303(b) IOT investment for purposes of the apportionment...

Agronomie Africaine: Editorial Policies

African Journals Online (AJOL)

, (AISA), leur Association, d'une Revue Scientifique dénommée "AGRONOMIE AFRICAINE" (Agron. Afr.) les chercheurs Ivoiriens engagés dans la recherché agronomique entendent apporter leur modeste contribution la diffusion de ...

[Nutritional care of elderly people with chronic alcoholism].

Science.gov (United States)

Brugerolles, Héléna; Mathy, Fabrice; Emery, Sophie; Hervé, Christian

2014-01-01

The management of elderly people with chronic alcoholism involves several players, including dieticians.Without stigmatisingthe person or apportioning blame, the challenge is to enable them to become a player in their treatment. Long-term support is required.

Source apportionment of heavy metals and ionic contaminants in rainwater tanks in a subtropical urban area in Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Huston, R; Chan, Y C; Chapman, H; Gardner, T; Shaw, G

2012-03-15

Due to prolonged droughts in recent years, the use of rainwater tanks in urban areas has increased in Australia. In order to apportion sources of contribution to heavy metal and ionic contaminants in rainwater tanks in Brisbane, a subtropical urban area in Australia, monthly tank water samples (24 sites, 31 tanks) and concurrent bulk deposition samples (18 sites) were collected during mainly April 2007-March 2008. The samples were analysed for acid-soluble metals, soluble anions, total inorganic carbon and total organic carbon, and characteristics such as total solid and pH. The Positive Matrix Factorisation model, EPA PMF 3.0, was used to apportion sources of contribution to the contaminants. Four source factors were identified for the bulk deposition samples, including 'crustal matter/sea salt', 'car exhausts/road side dust', 'industrial dust' and 'aged sea salt/secondary aerosols'. For the tank water samples, apart from these atmospheric deposition related factors which contributed in total to 65% of the total contaminant concentration on average, another six rainwater collection system related factors were identified, including 'plumbing', 'building material', 'galvanizing', 'roofing', 'steel' and 'lead flashing/paint' (contributing in total to 35% of the total concentration on average). The Australian Drinking Water Guideline for lead was exceeded in 15% of the tank water samples. The collection system related factors, in particular the 'lead flashing/paint' factor, contributed to 79% of the lead in the tank water samples on average. The concentration of lead in tank water was found to vary with various environmental and collection system factors, in particular the presence of lead flashing on the roof. The results also indicated the important role of sludge dynamics inside the tank on the quality of tank water. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Spallation Neutron Source Availability Top-Down Apportionment Using Characteristic Factors and Expert Opinion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haire, M.J.; Schryver, J.C.

1999-01-01

Apportionment is the assignment of top-level requirements to lower tier elements of the overall facility. A method for apportioning overall facility availability requirements among systems and subsystems is presented. Characteristics that influence equipment reliability and maintainability are discussed. Experts, using engineering judgment, scored each characteristic for each system whose availability design goal is to be established. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to produce a set of weighted rankings for each characteristic for each alternative system. A mathematical model is derived which incorporates these weighting factors. The method imposes higher availability requirements on those systems in which an incremental increase in availability is easier to achieve, and lower availability requirements where greater availability is more difficult and costly. An example is given of applying this top-down apportionment methodology to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility

A new reliability allocation weight for reducing the occurrence of severe failure effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Kyungmee O.; Yang, Yoonjung; Zuo, Ming J.

2013-01-01

A reliability allocation weight is used during the early design stage of a system to apportion the system reliability requirement to its individual subsystems. Since some failures have serious effects on public safety, cost and environmental issues especially in a mission critical system, the failure effect must be considered as one of the important factors in determining the allocation weight. Previously, the risk priority number or the criticality number was used to consider the failure effect in the allocation weight. In this paper, we identify the limitations of the previous approach and propose a new allocation weight based on the subsystem failure severity and its relative frequency. An example is given to illustrate that the proposed method is more effective than the previous method for reducing the occurrence of the unacceptable failure effects in a newly designed system

Mise en évidence de Provinces géochimiques dans les schistes bitumeux du Toarcien de l'est du bassin de Paris Geocheminical Provinces Revealed in Toarcien Oil Shales in the Eastern Paris Basin. Analysis of the Soluble Organic Fraction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huc A. Y.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available L'étude de la matière organique soluble dans le chloroforme des schistes du Toarcien de la partie orientale du bassin de Paris met en évidence l'existence d'une province géochimique nord et d'une province géochimique sud dont la frontière commune se trouve dans la région de Fécocourt. La province septentrionale se caractérise par une influence du domaine continental (massif des Ardennes au niveau de l'apport organique. Alors que la province méridionale se révèle exempt d'apport terrestre. Ces résultats sont en accord avec les indications sédimentologiques fournies par la littérature et apportent une dimension géochimique à la paléogéographie de ce bassin. An anaalysis of soluble organic motter in the chloroform from Toarcian shales from the eastern part of the Paris Basin reveals the existence of a northern geochemical province and a southern geochemical province whose commun boundary lies in the Fecocourt region. The northern province is characterized by the influence of the continental domain (Ardennes range with regard to organic influx, whereas no terrestrial influx is found in the southern province. These findings agree with the sedimentological indications supplied by the literature and add a geochemical dimension to the paleogeography of this basin.

Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

enfants, Rabat, Maroc, 2Service de Pédiatrie III, Faculté de Médecine et. Pharmacie .... Les apports calciques journaliers conseillés en France ..... water intake in German children and adolescents: results of the. DONALD Study ...

Une carte du feu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvie RIMBERT

1991-12-01

Full Text Available L’un des apports majeurs de l’informatisation à la cartographie est de faciliter la simulation spatiale. On propose ici un exemple de diffusion d’incendie, simulée sur micro-ordinateur bas de gamme.

LES PREVISIONS DES ANALYSTES FINANCIERS ET LES INCORPORELS : LES IAS/IFRS APPORTENT-ELLES UNE AMELIORATION ?

OpenAIRE

Lenormand , Gaëlle; Touchais , Lionel

2017-01-01

International audience; Due to the identification and assessment difficulties, the accounting system does not always adequately take into account the intangibles. With the IFRS, there are new accounting rules for these items. The article aims to analyze whether these changes convey more useful information for intangible assets with an improvement of analysts' earnings forecasts. To test this question, we use a sample of 209 firms listed on Euronext over 9 years with the national GAAP from 200...

Personalization of models with many model parameters : an efficient sensitivity analysis approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Donders, W.P.; Huberts, W.; van de Vosse, F.N.; Delhaas, T.

2015-01-01

Uncertainty quantification and global sensitivity analysis are indispensable for patient-specific applications of models that enhance diagnosis or aid decision-making. Variance-based sensitivity analysis methods, which apportion each fraction of the output uncertainty (variance) to the effects of

Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems: 2016 Technology Development Program Plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Boardman, Richard; Rabiti, Cristian; Suk Kim, Jong; McKellar, Michael; Sabharwall, Piyush; Chen, Jun; Cetiner, M. Sacit; Harrison, T. Jay; Qualls, A. Lou

2016-01-01

technologies will aid in achieving reduced GHG emissions, it also presents new challenges to grid management that must be addressed. These challenges primarily derive from the fundamental characteristics of variable renewable generators, such as wind and solar: non-dispatchability, variable production, and reduced electromechanical inertia. This document presents a preliminary research and development (R&D) plan for detailed dynamic simulation and analysis of nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems (N-R HES), coupled with integrated energy system design, component development, and integrated systems testing. N-R HES are cooperatively-controlled systems that dynamically apportion thermal and/or electrical energy to provide responsive generation to the power grid.

Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems: 2016 Technology Development Program Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Boardman, Richard [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Rabiti, Cristian [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Suk Kim, Jong [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); McKellar, Michael [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Sabharwall, Piyush [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Chen, Jun [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Cetiner, M. Sacit [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Harrison, T. Jay [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Qualls, A. Lou [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2016-03-01

renewable technologies will aid in achieving reduced GHG emissions, it also presents new challenges to grid management that must be addressed. These challenges primarily derive from the fundamental characteristics of variable renewable generators, such as wind and solar: non-dispatchability, variable production, and reduced electromechanical inertia. This document presents a preliminary research and development (R&D) plan for detailed dynamic simulation and analysis of nuclear-renewable hybrid energy systems (N-R HES), coupled with integrated energy system design, component development, and integrated systems testing. N-R HES are cooperatively-controlled systems that dynamically apportion thermal and/or electrical energy to provide responsive generation to the power grid.

L'évaluation et le suivi participatifs

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Traduction de: Learning from change: issues and experiences in ...... travaillé avec nous a apporté un soutien technique et moral absolument crucial. ...... and Reporting in Non-profit Organisations », Journal of Business Ethics, vol.17, n° 13, p.

Nutritional survey, staple foods composition and the uses of savoury ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-05-02

May 2, 2008 ... Cassava paste with sauce Cassava paste meal, leaves of Gnetum Africanus. Soft pieces. Corn meal .... Maggi oignons epices. Maggi tomate epices ... Etude de la biodisponibilité du fer et des apports en quelques minéraux ...

47 CFR 69.303 - Information origination/termination equipment (IOT).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Information origination/termination equipment (IOT). 69.303 Section 69.303 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... origination/termination equipment (IOT). Investment in all other IOT shall be apportioned between the Special...

Quantification and Multi-purpose Allocation of Water Resources in a Dual-reservoir System

Science.gov (United States)

Salami, Y. D.

2017-12-01

Transboundary rivers that run through separate water management jurisdictions sometimes experience competitive water usage. Where the river has multiple existing or planned dams along its course, quantification and efficient allocation of water for such purposes as hydropower generation, irrigation for agriculture, and water supply can be a challenge. This problem is even more pronounced when large parts of the river basin are located in semi-arid regions known for water insecurity, poor crop yields from irrigation scheme failures, and human population displacement arising from water-related conflict. This study seeks to mitigate the impacts of such factors on the Kainji-Jebba dual-reservoir system located along the Niger River in Africa by seasonally quantifying and efficiently apportioning water to all stipulated uses of both dams thereby improving operational policy and long-term water security. Historical storage fluctuations (18 km3 to 5 km3) and flows into and out of both reservoirs were analyzed for relationships to such things as surrounding catchment contribution, dam operational policies, irrigation and hydropower requirements, etc. Optimum values of the aforementioned parameters were then determined by simulations based upon hydrological contributions and withdrawals and worst case scenarios of natural and anthropogenic conditions (like annual probability of reservoir depletion) affecting water availability and allocation. Finally, quantification and optimized allocation of water was done based on needs for hydropower, irrigation for agriculture, water supply, and storage evacuation for flood control. Results revealed that water supply potential increased by 69%, average agricultural yield improved by 36%, and hydropower generation increased by 54% and 66% at the upstream and downstream dams respectively. Lessons learned from this study may help provide a robust and practical means of water resources management in similar river basins and multi

Building Businesses with Small Producers : Successful Business ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La recherche analysée dans cet ouvrage apporte une contribution ... de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche conjoints. ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

32 CFR 842.111 - Applicable law.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., discovered peril, and comparative and contributory negligence are considered. Absolute liability is never... act or omission occurs governs the effect of the claimant's comparative or contributory negligence... apportioned if local law applies comparative negligence. (3) Proceeds from private insurance policies are not...

A Case Study Application of the Aggregate Exposure Pathway (AEP) and Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Frameworks to Facilitate the Integration of Human Health and Ecological End Points for Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA)

Science.gov (United States)

Cumulative risk assessment (CRA) methods promote the use of a conceptual site model (CSM) to apportion exposures and integrate risk from multiple stressors. While CSMs may encompass multiple species, evaluating end points across taxa can be challenging due to data availability an...

Spatial distribution and source apportionment of water pollution in different administrative zones of Wen-Rui-Tang (WRT) river watershed, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Liping; Mei, Kun; Liu, Xingmei; Wu, Laosheng; Zhang, Minghua; Xu, Jianming; Wang, Fan

2013-08-01

Water quality degradation in river systems has caused great concerns all over the world. Identifying the spatial distribution and sources of water pollutants is the very first step for efficient water quality management. A set of water samples collected bimonthly at 12 monitoring sites in 2009 and 2010 were analyzed to determine the spatial distribution of critical parameters and to apportion the sources of pollutants in Wen-Rui-Tang (WRT) river watershed, near the East China Sea. The 12 monitoring sites were divided into three administrative zones of urban, suburban, and rural zones considering differences in land use and population density. Multivariate statistical methods [one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA), and absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) methods] were used to investigate the spatial distribution of water quality and to apportion the pollution sources. Results showed that most water quality parameters had no significant difference between the urban and suburban zones, whereas these two zones showed worse water quality than the rural zone. Based on PCA and APCS-MLR analysis, urban domestic sewage and commercial/service pollution, suburban domestic sewage along with fluorine point source pollution, and agricultural nonpoint source pollution with rural domestic sewage pollution were identified to the main pollution sources in urban, suburban, and rural zones, respectively. Understanding the water pollution characteristics of different administrative zones could put insights into effective water management policy-making especially in the area across various administrative zones.

Effect of removal of a central thimble on coolant flow distribution in a research reactor fuel element

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, W.J.

1977-01-01

Using two twice full-size models of a HIFAR research reactor fuel element, experiments have been performed to determine how the flow distribution of coolant gas through the element in a transfer flask is affected by removal of the central instrumentation thimble. With the thimble present, experimental flow results agree with theoretical predictions. Over the range of total flowrates considered, mass flow apportioning among the five annular channels was independent of annular channel Reynolds number (in the range 3500 to 10,500) and ranged between 13% and 27% of the total flowrate. For the case with the thimble removed, interesting experimental flow characteristics were obtained which could not have been predicted. Flow apportioning among the annular channels was found to be uniquely dependent upon total flowrate and ranged between 3% and 8% for the experimental conditions investigated (annular channel Reynolds numbers in the range 800 to 4000). (Author)

Résultats de recherche | Page 370 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

information et de la communication (TIC) pour trouver des moyens de mieux servir la population. ... En Asie, l'enseignement à distance (ou téléenseignement) apporte des solutions décisives dans les domaines de l'éducation et de la formation.

76 FR 44978 - Notice of FAA Intent To Carry Over Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Entitlement Funds

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration [Docket No. 2011-0786] Notice of FAA... notify, in writing, the designated representative in the appropriate FAA Regional or Airports District... apportioned for fiscal year 2011, regardless of whether the FAA has authority to obligate those funds. After...

Diversité floristique et ethnobotanique des plantes sauvages ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

2016-02-29

Feb 29, 2016 ... La valorisation (préparation de jus ou extraction d'huile) de certains fruits pourrait apporter une valeur ajoutée à ces espèces. ... elles aussi montré le rôle essentiel des plantes ... conservation/protection des plantes sauvages.

43 CFR 414.2 - Definitions of terms used in this part.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... right to use ICUA (“consuming entity”). Basic apportionment means the Colorado River water apportioned... satisfaction of the Mexican treaty obligation. (1) Consumptive use from the mainstream within the Lower Division States includes water drawn from the mainstream by underground pumping. (2) The Mexican treaty...

Transmission usage cost allocation schemes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abou El Ela, A.A.; El-Sehiemy, R.A.

2009-01-01

This paper presents different suggested transmission usage cost allocation (TCA) schemes to the system individuals. Different independent system operator (ISO) visions are presented using the proportional rata and flow-based TCA methods. There are two proposed flow-based TCA schemes (FTCA). The first FTCA scheme generalizes the equivalent bilateral exchanges (EBE) concepts for lossy networks through two-stage procedure. The second FTCA scheme is based on the modified sensitivity factors (MSF). These factors are developed from the actual measurements of power flows in transmission lines and the power injections at different buses. The proposed schemes exhibit desirable apportioning properties and are easy to implement and understand. Case studies for different loading conditions are carried out to show the capability of the proposed schemes for solving the TCA problem. (author)

Les agendas 21 locaux : quels apports sous quelles latitudes ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cyria Emelianoff

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Since the Rio conference, several thousands local agendas 21 have assisted the penetration of the concept of sustainable development at the local level. This article presents a synthesis of the approaches employed by local authorities in 9 European countries, with an emphasis on the benefits and limitations presented by the local agendas 21 in place. We characterised the specificities of French local authorities and determined the geographical dimensions of the mobilisation in favour of local agendas 21.

Apport de l'echodoppler cardiaque au diagnostic des endocardites ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... a la clinique cardiologique du Chu campus de Lome : A propos de 32 cas. ... hospital of Lome, during 5 years (1st January 2000 to December, 31, 2004). These patients had profited from a clinical examination, 6 hémocultures at least and a ...

European oil product supply modelling; Modelisation de l`offre de produits petroliers en Europe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saint-Antonin, V

1998-12-11

Over the last few years, trends in European oil product consumption (in terms of level as structure and quality) has important implications of the refining industry. In this context, the purpose of this thesis consists in building a mathematical programming model applied to the European refineries in order to determine oil product supply prices, European refining industry investments and oil product exchanges of the European Union. The first part presents the reason for our choice for a long-term aggregate multi-refineries linear programming model, based on European refineries characteristics and the objectives of our model. Its dual properties are studied in detail and we focus particularly on the European exchange modelling. In the second part, an analysis of the European refining trends leads us to identify parameters and variables of the model that are essential to the aggregate representation of the European oil product supply. The third part is devoted to the use of this model, regarding two scenarios of increasingly stringent specifications for gasoline and diesel oil. Our interest for these products is due to their important share of the European oil product consumption and the not insignificant responsibility of the transport sector for atmospheric pollution. Finally, in order to have the use of an overall picture of the European refining industry, we build a regression model summarizing, though a few equations, the main relations between the major endogenous and exogenous variables o the LP model. Based on pseudo-data, this kind of model provides a simple and robust representation of the oil product supply. But a more specialized analysis of the refining industry operations, turning on a technical assessment of processing units, is reliant on the use of an optimization model such as the model we have built. (author) 102 refs.

Petroleum products. LPG-c is taking off; Produits petroliers. Le decollage du GPL-c

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-12-31

A strong tax reduction and other financial incentives for liquefied petroleum gas, have stimulated LPG consumption in France, with a 60 pc increase between 1995 and 1996. LPG fuels allow for an important reduction in polluting emissions. Other news are presented, which concern the French Petroleum Institute strategy and financing, European regulations on fuel quality, the issue of the decreasing number of service stations in France, new production sites for bio-fuels, issues with petroleum investment international embargoes, the privatization of Elf-Aquitaine, the 1996 truck driver strike, and the Goa international conference between energy producer and user countries

Petroleum products. LPG-c is taking off; Produits petroliers. Le decollage du GPL-c

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-12-31

A strong tax reduction and other financial incentives for liquefied petroleum gas, have stimulated LPG consumption in France, with a 60 pc increase between 1995 and 1996. LPG fuels allow for an important reduction in polluting emissions. Other news are presented, which concern the French Petroleum Institute strategy and financing, European regulations on fuel quality, the issue of the decreasing number of service stations in France, new production sites for bio-fuels, issues with petroleum investment international embargoes, the privatization of Elf-Aquitaine, the 1996 truck driver strike, and the Goa international conference between energy producer and user countries

76 FR 19178 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Extension of Currently Approved...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-06

... Program. Inspections of fracture critical bridges and underwater inspections are also required at... basis for setting initial priorities for the replacement or rehabilitation of bridges under the Highway... rehabilitation. In order to apportion funds for the HBP, the law requires that a cost to replace or rehabilitate...

76 FR 31675 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Notice of Request for Renewal of a Previously Approved...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

... Program. Inspections of fracture critical bridges and underwater inspections are also required at... basis for setting initial priorities for the replacement or rehabilitation of bridges under the Highway... rehabilitation. In order to apportion funds for the HBP, the law requires that a cost to replace or rehabilitate...

47 CFR 36.181 - Material and supplies-Account 1220.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... JURISDICTIONAL SEPARATIONS PROCEDURES; STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR SEPARATING TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROPERTY COSTS... Material and Supplies and Cash Working Capital § 36.181 Material and supplies—Account 1220. (a) The amount included in Account 1220 is apportioned among the operations on the basis of the apportionment of the cost...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Marketing territorial et developpement local : quel apport pour la communication territoriale ? Cas des communes de Bejaia et d'El-Kseur Abstract · Vol 115 (2016) - Articles Assessing the impact of structural changes in the financial sector on the Algerian economy: A financial social accounting matrix approach. Abstract.

The best farm-level irrigation strategy changes seasonally with fluctuating water availability

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gaydon, D.S.; Meinke, H.B.; Rodriguez, D.

2012-01-01

Around the globe farmers managing irrigated crops face a future with a decreased and more variable water supply. To investigate generic adaptation issues, a range of on-farm strategies were evaluated for apportioning limited water between fields and enterprises using a typical case-study farm from

47 CFR 69.408 - All other customer services expenses in Account 6620.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false All other customer services expenses in Account... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Apportionment of Expenses § 69.408 All other customer services expenses in Account 6620. All other customer services expenses shall be apportioned among the Interexchange...

Fuzzy Failure Probability of Transmission Pipelines in the Niger ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

We undertake the apportioning of failure possibility on twelve identified third party activities contributory to failure of transmission pipelines in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, using the concept of fuzzy possibility scores. Expert elicitation technique generates linguistic variables that are transformed using fuzzy set theory ...

ÉTUDE DE CAS — Une puissance de calcul | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 janv. 2011 ... Le processus a commencé il y a plusieurs années, lorsque les ... Appliquée conjointement à un apport supplémentaire de moins de 1 $US par tête et à .... Canadian effort to stem transmission and deaths from dengue fever.

Un meilleur aménagement des villes comme moyen de réduire la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

examiner les réformes juridiques possibles pour empêcher les violences sexuelles. Présidé par l'ancien juge en chef J. S. Verma, ce comité a demandé à ce que l'on apporte des modifications radicales à la législation indienne.

78 FR 28014 - FTA Supplemental Fiscal Year 2013 Apportionments, Allocations, and Program Information

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-13

... Appropriations) and sequestration of funds triggered by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of... funds through March 27, 2013. This subsequent FY 2013 Apportionment Notice apportions the full FY 2013... Apportionments 3. FY 2013 Discretionary Program Funds i. Notices of Funding Availability ii. Research Program...

38 CFR 3.461 - Dependency and indemnity compensation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Dependency and indemnity... ADJUDICATION Pension, Compensation, and Dependency and Indemnity Compensation Apportionments § 3.461 Dependency...'s award of dependency and indemnity compensation will be apportioned where there is a child or...

Reflets méthode de français : niveau 2 : guide pédagogique

CERN Document Server

Capelle, Guy

2000-01-01

Autour d'une démarche d'apprentissage active, REFLETS intègre parfaitement les apports de la vidéo, de l'audio et de l'écrit, grâce à des documents conçus et réalisés spécifiquement en fonction d'une triple progression, culturelle, grammaticale et communicative. Le présent guide pédagogique comprend : • un exposé méthodologique sur l'apport et l'utilisation de la vidéo dans la classe, • un récapitulatif du contenu fonctionnel, grammatical, culturel et lexical de chaque épisode, • des notes socioculturelles se rapportant aux dossiers du livre, • des suggestions d'exploitation pour chaque épisode, • les corrigés des exercices du livre ainsi que du cahier d'exercices, • un test à visée communicative par dossier, une fiche Le Delf premier degré avec REFLETS, en début d'ouvrage.

Commande adaptive d'une machine asynchrone

Science.gov (United States)

Slama-Belkhodja, I.; de Fornel, B.

1996-06-01

The paper deals with an indirect self-tuning speed control for an induction motor supplied by a chopper-filter-inverter system. Input/Output models are identified with the recursive least squares algorithm and the controller adaptation is based on a pole assignement strategy. Emphasis is put on the evaluation of the parameter identification in order to avoid instabilities because of disturbances or insufficient excitations. This is especially of importance when the adaptive control is carried out in closed loop systems and without additional test signals. Simulation results show the improvement of the dynamic responses and the robustness against load variations or parameters variations (rotor resistance, inertia). Cat article décrit une stratégie de commande adaptive indirecte à Placement de Pôles (PP), appliquée à la commande en vitesse d'une machine asynchrone alimentée par un ensemble hacheur-filtre-onduleur de tension. L'algorithme des Moindres Carrés Récursifs (MCR) est utilisé pour l'identification des modèles de comportement type entrées/sorties. Un intérêt particulier est porté à la mise en oeuvre de cet algorithme et à la discussion de ses résultats, tenant compte des erreurs de modélisation et de la nature peu riche en excitations des entrées du processus. Différents régimes transitoires ont été simulés pour apprécier l'apport de cette association (MCR-PP) : démarrages et inversion des sens de rotation, à vide et en charges, applications d'échelons de couple résistant, variations paramétriques. Les résultats permettent d'illustrer, tant au niveau des performances que de la robustesse, l'apport d'une telle commande adaptive pour des entraînements électriques avec une machine asynchrone.

75 FR 17281 - Changes in Hourly Fee Rates for Science and Technology Laboratory Services-Fiscal Years 2010-2012

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-06

... mathematical formula used to calculate the apportioned rate for each fee charge category for fiscal year 2010... procedures which must be exhausted prior to any judicial challenge to this rule or the application of its... 20250-0270. (7) Statistics Branch Office. The Statistics Branch office of Science and Technology...

Étude de la variabilité agromorphologique de la collection nationale ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 mars 2015 ... a jamais eu d'apport d'eau par irrigation dans les parcelles même si certaines ..... abouti à la définition de 3 composantes ou axes fondamentaux. ..... couleur grise type Souna 3, mais on trouve aussi des variétés à grains ...

: tous les projets | Page 215 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: Capacity building, Health, KNOWLEDGE, DIPLOMACY, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, COMMUNICATION BARRIERS. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Brazil, China. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 690,600.00. Apports de la diplomatie de la santé mondiale aux ...

38 CFR 3.665 - Incarcerated beneficiaries and fugitive felons-compensation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... of the DIC not paid to an incarcerated surviving spouse or other children not in the surviving spouse... incarcerated child may be apportioned to the surviving spouse or other children. These apportionments shall be... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Incarcerated...

26 CFR 1.1368-2 - Accumulated adjustments account (AAA).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Accumulated adjustments account (AAA). 1.1368-2... adjustments account (AAA). (a) Accumulated adjustments account—(1) In general. The accumulated adjustments account is an account of the S corporation and is not apportioned among shareholders. The AAA is relevant...

76 FR 74670 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod Allocations in the Gulf of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-01

... the regulatory text to restrict stationary floating processors in the GOA from mothership and C/P... apportioned on the basis of processor component (inshore and offshore) and season, as implemented under.../offshore processing components of the fishery and not divided among gear or operation types, there is a...

A flow cytometric assay for simultaneously measuring the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This research objective was to exploit a novel method for measuring the proliferation, cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester/proliferation index (CFSE/PI) and flow cytometric assay. As cells divide, CFSE is apportioned equally between the two daughter cells, leading to a ...

Primary sources of PM2.5 organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille

Science.gov (United States)

El Haddad, I.; Marchand, N.; Wortham, H.; Piot, C.; Besombes, J.-L.; Cozic, J.; Chauvel, C.; Armengaud, A.; Robin, D.; Jaffrezo, J.-L.

2011-03-01

Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass burning and the aggregate emissions from three industrial processes (heavy fuel oil combustion/shipping, coke production and steel manufacturing) as well as some primary biogenic emissions. This source apportionment exercise is well corroborated by 14C measurements. Primary OC estimated by the CMB accounts on average for 22% of total OC and is dominated by the vehicular emissions that contribute on average for 17% of OC mass concentration (vehicular PM contributes for 17% of PM2.5). Even though industrial emissions contribute only 2.3% of the total OC (7% of PM2.5), they are associated with ultrafine particles (Dpheavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V. On one hand, given that industrial emissions governed key primary markers, their omission would lead to substantial uncertainties in the CMB analysis performed in areas heavily impacted by such sources, hindering accurate estimation of non-industrial primary sources and secondary sources. On the other hand, being associated with bursts of submicron particles and carcinogenic and mutagenic components such as PAH, these emissions are most likely related with acute ill-health outcomes and should be regulated despite their small contributions to OC. Another important result is the fact that 78% of OC mass cannot be attributed to the major primary sources and, thus, remains un-apportioned. We have consequently critically investigated the uncertainties

"It's the Parents": Re-Presenting Parents in School Bullying Research

Science.gov (United States)

Herne, Karen E.

2016-01-01

Public discourse about school bullying is frequently underscored by debates about the relative roles and responsibilities of parents and schools in preventing bullying. Such debates are often characterised by a sense of recrimination, with blame apportioned according to perceived negligence. In this article, I provide a critique of ways in which…

Technique de la membrane induite pour la reconstruction des pertes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

humérus par la technique de la membrane induite au moyen d'une fibula non vascularisée avec apport de substitut osseux complémentaire chez une adolescente de 14 ans. Un incident cicatriciel a été observé sur le site de prélèvement.

Rapport annuel 2016-2017

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 janv. 2018 ... Trois objectifs guident le travail du CRDI : investir dans le savoir .... intermittente ou en élaborant un programme de formation ... de collaborer avec la ministre Marie-Claude Bibeau et des ..... Le CRDI continue d'apporter son soutien avec la ...... communication et de mise en commun des connaissances.

26 CFR 1.179-3 - Carryover of disallowed deduction.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... deduction are selected by the taxpayer in the year the properties are placed in service. This selection must... no selection is made, the total carryover of disallowed deduction is apportioned equally over the... restaurant business. During 1992, ABC purchases and places in service two items of section 179 property—a...

5 CFR 838.1017 - Cost-of-living adjustments.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost-of-living adjustments. 838.1017... Retirement Benefits § 838.1017 Cost-of-living adjustments. In cases where the court order apportions a... proper payment. That amount will be increased by future cost-of-living increases unless the court directs...

Déchets solides encombrants les plages d'Annaba Rabah Chaouch ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les rejets des déchets solides sur nos plages constituent une véritable plaie qui dégrade la beauté des paysages. ... Mots clés : environnement; déchets solides; gestion; littoral; santé. Abstract ..... déchets soldes et liquides apportés par les ...

Etude des proprietes antioxydantes d'un extrait d'ecorces d ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

acide ascorbique. Ces résultats suggèrent une activité ... Ces résultats peuvent constituer un apport réel dans la recherche de molécules bioactives, pouvant prévenir ou traiter des pathologies liées au stress oxydatifs. Mots clés : Anacardium ...

77 FR 8177 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-14

... Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific cod by vessels using pot gear in the... season allowance of the 2012 Pacific cod total allowable catch apportioned to vessels using pot gear in...

77 FR 14305 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Jig Gear in the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-03-09

... Using Jig Gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific cod by vessels using jig gear in the... season allowance of the 2012 Pacific cod total allowable catch apportioned to vessels using jig gear in...

77 FR 6683 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-09

... Using Pot Gear in the Western Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries...; closure. SUMMARY: NMFS is prohibiting directed fishing for Pacific cod by vessels using pot gear in the... season allowance of the 2012 Pacific cod total allowable catch apportioned to vessels using pot gear in...

Diaspora Impact on the Capacity for Recovery from Conflict and Crisis

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dans le dernier numéro du bulletin du BRAS, voyez comment l'Afrique a évité ... Le soutien apporté par le CRDI à BetterEvaluation, un réseau international visant à ... Les politiques de taxation appliquées dans les pays en développement et, ...

7 CFR 718.206 - Determining farms, tracts, allotments, quotas, and bases when reconstitution is made by division.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... transferring owner and transferee shall file a signed written memorandum of understanding of the designation... allotments, quotas, and bases shall be apportioned in the manner agreed to in writing by all interested heirs... totals of the parent farm than the cropland method would; and (ii) Obtains written consent of all owners...

Apports nutritionnels, dépense et bilan énergétiques chez l’homme et les primates non-humains : aspects méthodologiques Nutritional intakes, energy expenditure and energy balance in human and non-human primates: methodological aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laurent Tarnaud

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Cet article est une revue des méthodes de terrain et des techniques de laboratoire, traditionnelles et récentes, qui permettent d’évaluer les apports alimentaires et nutritionnels, les profils d’activité, la dépense énergétique et les réserves énergétiques corporelles des primates humains et non-humains. Cette revue a pour objectif de faire le point sur l’avancement des techniques utilisées pour estimer les paramètres énergétiques en anthropobiologie. Les primates non-humains et l’homme partagent un certain nombre de traits psycho-physiologiques issus des processus d’adaptation biologique à l’environnement et/ou liés à l’inertie phylogénétique. Identifier les mécanismes qui président à la dynamique énergétique chez les primates non-humains permet ainsi de situer certaines des bases biologiques partagées avec l’homme dans le contexte de l’évolution. Cette revue s'attache donc à présenter les méthodes en dégageant, lorsqu’ils existent, les points de recoupement des différentes approches méthodologiques appliquées à l’homme et aux primates non-humains. Par ailleurs, des comparaisons inter-populationnelles au sein de l’espèce humaine ou chez des primates non-humains permettent de préciser les relations entre les variables écologiques et les adaptations énergétiques. Dans cet article le lecteur trouvera différentes méthodes, présentées dans différents chapitres, selon qu'il s'intéresse à décrire et quantifier les apports alimentaires, nutritionnels et énergétiques des individus dans des conditions environnementales spécifiques, mesurer les dépenses énergétiques associées aux activités ou déterminer le statut nutritionnel et la composition corporelle des individus ou encore préciser le rôle des composés secondaires sur la sélection des items alimentaires et les propriétés pharmacologiques des plantes consommées. À l’origine descriptives, les méthodes actuelles

26 CFR 1.170A-6 - Charitable contributions in trust.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... governing instrument of the trust or from local law that the trustee would be required to apportion the... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Charitable contributions in trust. 1.170A-6...-6 Charitable contributions in trust. (a) In general. (1) No deduction is allowed under section 170...

The Imprecise Science of Evaluating Scholarly Performance: Utilizing Broad Quality Categories for an Assessment of Business and Management Journals

Science.gov (United States)

Lange, Thomas

2006-01-01

In a growing number of countries, government-appointed assessment panels develop ranks on the basis of the quality of scholarly outputs to apportion budgets in recognition of evaluated performance and to justify public funds for future R&D activities. When business and management journals are being grouped in broad quality categories, a recent…

Religion and Gender Roles in Africa: A Case Study of Religion and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Gender roles are the apportioning of certain roles to a particular sex by society. This is quite different from gender disparity which promotes the ideology that one sex is better than the other. They are gender ideologies which can be deconstructed. In some primal cultures however, they were imbued with religious undertones ...

LARYNGITE CHRONIQUE : APPROCHE DIAGNOSTIQUE ET ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

prise en charge rigoureuse en détectant les facteurs de risque et assurant une surveillance régulière à long terme des .... C'est un instrument utilisé pour l'étude des phases d'un ..... besoin et la numérisation de cet outil est d'un apport impor-.

Mise en place d'une base de données pour une modélisation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mise en place d'une base de données pour une modélisation hydrologique distribuée du bassin versant du Bandama (Côte d'Ivoire) : apport d'un modèle numérique d'altitude, de la télédétection et du SIG Physitel.

Résultats de recherche | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI administre l'apport de 20 millions de dollars du gouvernement du Canada à l'expansion du réseau de centre AIMS, l'objectif de l'initiative Next Einstein de l'Institut Africain des Sciences ... Entre chercheurs et entrepreneurs - pour la recherche et la promotion de l'entrepreneuriat en Afrique francophone.

77 FR 2225 - Allocation and Apportionment of Interest Expense

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-17

... determined in Step 1 to arrive at total intangible asset value (Step 3). The intangible assets owned by the... income (Step 4). Once a taxpayer has determined the fair market value of its intangible assets, those... rata share of liabilities of such related person: (i) The intangible assets apportioned to the related...

77 FR 62464 - Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Pacific Cod by Vessels Using Pot Gear in the...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-15

... Vessels Using Pot Gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska AGENCY: National Marine... gear in the Central Regulatory Area of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). This action is necessary to prevent exceeding the 2012 Pacific cod total allowable catch apportioned to vessels using pot gear in the Central...

Probabilistic construction of inflow scenarios at a reservoir; Construction probabiliste de scenarios d'apports a un reservoir

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seidou, O.; Robert, B.; Marche, C.; Rousselle, J. [Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Departement des Genies Civil, Geologique et des Mines, Montreal, PQ (Canada); Lefebvre, M. [Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Departement de Mathematiques et de Genie Industriel, Montreal, PQ (Canada)

2004-02-01

Development of risk indicators to aid in decisions affecting the operation of hydric systems is described. The significant part of the risk affecting hydric systems is the uncertainty surrounding future inflows. A method to construct inflow scenarios starting from an arbitrary date 'y' of the year is developed using a Markovian process which also has been used to model short-term uncertainty in stream flow. The text is divided in five parts: (1) methodology, (2) terminology, (3) theory, (4) application, and (5) results. The scenarios are built to reproduce the statistical behaviour of the river or reservoir and have the shape of an event tree whose structure is defined by the user before application of the method. Application of the method is illustrated by two examples, one involving the Harricana River, the other the Cabonga Reservoir, both situated in the province of Quebec. 11 refs., 4 tabs., 4 figs.

Theoretical and experimental study of ions focusing systems in order to improve the ions beam brightness by suppressing aberration causes; Etude theorique et experimentale de la focalisation des ions afin d'ameliorer la brillance du faisceau ionique par la suppression des causes d'aberration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faure, J

1966-07-01

It is shown that a beam brightness can be improved by an order of magnitude when the sources of aberrations are suppressed in the anode region source, as well as in the extraction region and in the electrostatic focusing system. A calculation was first set up to determine a simple focusing system. The aberration ratio due to this focusing system is smaller than 10 to 15 per cent. The experimental study was developed by using an ion source and its extraction system capable of producing an aberration free beam at an energy of 20 keV and an accelerating unit up to 190 keV that confirms that the qualities of a 35 mA beam produced by the said ion source are not spoiled when the beam goes through the focusing and accelerating system that was designed to be aberration free. (author) [French] Dans ce travail, on s'attache a demontrer que la brillance d'un faisceau peut etre amelioree d'un ordre de grandeur lorsque l'on supprime les causes d'aberration aussi bien a la sortie de la source, dans la zone d'extraction, que dans le systeme de focalisation electrostatique. Un calcul est, tout d'abord, mis au point pour determiner un systeme de focalisation simple. Cette focalisation n'entraine pas un taux d'aberrations superieur a 10 ou 15 pour cent. Puis l'etude experimentale conduit: a) a la realisation d'une source et de son systeme d'extraction fournissant un faisceau sans aberration a une energie de 20 keV. b) et a l'elaboration d'un petit accelerateur a 190 keV qui verifie que les proprietes d'un faisceau de 35 mA issu de la source ne sont pas affectees par la traversee des systemes focalisateur et accelerateur lorsque ceux-ci n'apportent pas d'aberration. (auteur)

The Campi Flegrei caldera-hosted high-temperature and high-saline geothermal system in the Southern Italy: the implication of the geothermal resource as derived by the present state of the knowledge through 70 years of volcanological, structural, petrolog

Science.gov (United States)

Piochi, M.; Di Vito, M. A.; Mormone, A.; De Natale, G.; Tramelli, A.; Troise, C.; Carlino, S.

2012-04-01

The Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) hosts a geothermal system characterized by: i) high thermal gradient (temperature up to 420°C at 3050 m b.s.l.), ii) high temperature (up to ~90-150°C at very shallow depth) fumaroles, iii) multiple meteoric to brine (TDS up to 33 g•l-1; temperature up to 95 °C) aquifers and iv) at least 1500 tonnes per day of CO2 emissions. This area is highly urbanized despite the repeated occurrence of ground deformation phenomena accompanied by seismicity with volcano-tectonic and long-period micro-earthquakes. The caldera has been widely studied by geologist and geophysicists. In particular, since '40s, the caldera has drawn scientific interest for its geothermal capability inducing the companies AGIP (Azienda Geologica Italiana Petroli) and SAFEN (Società Anonima Forze Endogene Napoletane) to drill more than one hundred 80-to-3100 m deep wells. However this experience did not reach the exploitation phase due to technological and communication problems. The geothermal potential (thermal and electric) is evaluated of about 6 GWy. The recent Campi Flegrei Deep Drilling Project [De Natale and Troise, 2011], sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, foresees the realization of medium-to-deep wells in the caldera with the ambition of stimulating interest in geothermal energy exploitation and technology development and, in addition of installing downhole monitoring systems. The geological knowledge of the area is the benchmark for the drilling sites selection. We reconstructed a multi-disciplinary conceptual model updated on the basis of the most recent scientific results and findings. In particular, the constrains (the most important are listed in brackets) comes from: i) boreholes (litho-stratigraphy, aquifer location, depth-related temperature), ii) fieldwork (stratigraphy, location of structural fractures and eruption vents), iii) petrology and melt inclusions (pressure and temperature of magma with

Apport de diverses sources de données à la réalisation d’une intervention ergonomique Contribution of various data sources to an ergonomics intervention Contribución de diversas fuentes de datos en la realización de una intervención ergonómica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denys Denis

2007-05-01

Full Text Available La recherche présentée est une réflexion méthodologique sur la démarche d’intervention en ergonomie. Les objectifs de l’étude étaient de préciser la contribution de neuf sources de données à la réalisation d’une intervention ergonomique. Un suivi a posteriori d’une recherche terrain en intervention visant à réduire les TMS dans un magasin-entrepôt du secteur commerce de détail a été réalisé. Neuf sources de données utilisées classiquement en ergonomie ont été analysées : questionnaires, données d’entretiens, données d’observation. Il ressort que, relativement aux données d’observation, les données d’entretiens apportent plus d’informations et couvrent un plus grand nombre de thèmes. Les données d’observation sont toutefois plus précises. Ce sont les données d’entretiens individuels et les autoconfrontations qui sont les plus riches, car elles permettent un plus grand nombre de liens entre les différents thèmes couverts. Les données d’entretiens contribuent à la construction sociale de l’intervention et à l’évolution des représentations des participants. Les données d’observation, par leur caractère chiffré, ont le pouvoir de convaincre l’employeur de la sévérité des différents problèmes. Il ressort que la majorité des informations recueillies par les diverses sources sont de nouvelles informations (54,7 %, un moins grand nombre étant des précisions (34,6 % ; seulement 11 % des informations sont des confirmations. Ainsi, on continue d’apprendre tout au long des diverses sources de données. Il faut donc voir le diagnostic ergonomique comme se précisant graduellement au travers des différentes sources de données par une construction progressive de l’information tout au long de l’intervention. La conclusion fait le point sur l’apport de cette étude. Les auteurs estiment que l’étude amène une réflexion en profondeur permettant de préciser les

Estimate of main local sources to ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations in an urban area

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Md Mahmudur; Mazaheri, Mandana; Clifford, Sam; Morawska, Lidia

2017-09-01

Quantifying and apportioning the contribution of a range of sources to ultrafine particles (UFPs, D oil refineries, and seaport) sources to the total ambient particle number concentration (PNC) in a busy, inner-city area in Brisbane, Australia using Bayesian statistical modelling and other exploratory tools. The Bayesian model was trained on the PNC data on days where NP formations were known to have not occurred, hourly traffic counts, solar radiation data, and smooth daily trend. The model was applied to apportion and quantify the contribution of NP formations and local traffic and non-traffic sources to UFPs. The data analysis incorporated long-term measured time-series of total PNC (D ≥ 6 nm), particle number size distributions (PSD, D = 8 to 400 nm), PM2.5, PM10, NOx, CO, meteorological parameters and traffic counts at a stationary monitoring site. The developed Bayesian model showed reliable predictive performances in quantifying the contribution of NP formation events to UFPs (up to 4 × 104 particles cm- 3), with a significant day to day variability. The model identified potential NP formation and no-formations days based on PNC data and quantified the sources contribution to UFPs. Exploratory statistical analyses show that total mean PNC during the middle of the day was up to 32% higher than during peak morning and evening traffic periods, which were associated with NP formation events. The majority of UFPs measured during the peak traffic and NP formation periods were between 30-100 nm and smaller than 30 nm, respectively. To date, this is the first application of Bayesian model to apportion different sources contribution to UFPs, and therefore the importance of this study is not only in its modelling outcomes but in demonstrating the applicability and advantages of this statistical approach to air pollution studies.

Innovation, Micro-Business and UK Government Support La politique de soutien à l’entreprise du gouvernement britannique: les micro-entreprises face au défi de l’innovation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernard Offerle

2009-10-01

Full Text Available « Innover » est devenu la solution à tous les problèmes économiques, même si le concept en lui-même reste assez difficile à cerner. On accorde, par ailleurs, un rôle essentiel aux PME dans cette course à la compétitivité. La Grande-Bretagne est dans la situation paradoxale de faire à la fois preuve de plus d’esprit d’entreprise, mais de moins d’innovation que ses principaux partenaires européens. Les Britanniques ne manquent certes pas de bonnes idées, mais ils éprouvent certaines difficultés à les transformer en produits innovants, certainement parce qu’ils ne bénéficient pas assez d’encouragements. Le gouvernement a donc élaboré un système assez sophistiqué de soutien aux petites entreprises qui tente d’apporter des réponses pratiques aux questions que peuvent se poser les entrepreneurs au quotidien. Il n’est cependant pas sûr que cette stratégie apporte les résultats escomptés : les entrepreneurs, notamment ceux d’origine étrangère ou issus de l’immigration, ont soif d’indépendance et préfèrent prendre leurs distances par rapport aux autorités. En revanche, ce dont les petits entrepreneurs ont un besoin plus urgent pour pouvoir innover sont des banquiers compréhensifs et prêts à prendre des risques. Ils souhaiteraient également ne pas être submergés par des tâches administratives qui leur prennent beaucoup trop de temps. Le gouvernement ne semble pas encore avoir su apporter de solutions très innovantes à ces deux problèmes pourtant prioritaires.

Path-integral method for the source apportionment of photochemical pollutants

Science.gov (United States)

Dunker, A. M.

2015-06-01

A new, path-integral method is presented for apportioning the concentrations of pollutants predicted by a photochemical model to emissions from different sources. A novel feature of the method is that it can apportion the difference in a species concentration between two simulations. For example, the anthropogenic ozone increment, which is the difference between a simulation with all emissions present and another simulation with only the background (e.g., biogenic) emissions included, can be allocated to the anthropogenic emission sources. The method is based on an existing, exact mathematical equation. This equation is applied to relate the concentration difference between simulations to line or path integrals of first-order sensitivity coefficients. The sensitivities describe the effects of changing the emissions and are accurately calculated by the decoupled direct method. The path represents a continuous variation of emissions between the two simulations, and each path can be viewed as a separate emission-control strategy. The method does not require auxiliary assumptions, e.g., whether ozone formation is limited by the availability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or nitrogen oxides (NOx), and can be used for all the species predicted by the model. A simplified configuration of the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) is used to evaluate the accuracy of different numerical integration procedures and the dependence of the source contributions on the path. A Gauss-Legendre formula using three or four points along the path gives good accuracy for apportioning the anthropogenic increments of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and nitric acid. Source contributions to these increments were obtained for paths representing proportional control of all anthropogenic emissions together, control of NOx emissions before VOC emissions, and control of VOC emissions before NOx emissions. There are similarities in the source contributions from the

24 CFR 1710.116 - Additional information.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...) Must an alien obtain a permit or license to own land, build a home, live, work or do business in the... divided and billed? How are voting rights in any Association apportioned? Are there management fees? If so... not directly or indirectly discriminating on the basis of race, religion, sex or national origin in...

77 FR 27277 - FTA Supplemental Fiscal Year 2012 Apportionments, Allocations, and Program Information

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-09

... apportioning funds appropriated by law. In some cases, if less than a full year of funds is available, FTA... of 2012, Public Law 112-102, continues the authorization of the Federal transit programs of the U.S... Bus Grants programs at approximately seventy-five percent of the FY 2011 levels until June 30 2012...

Energy storage. Possibilities of superconductors for high power discharges; Stockage d'energie. Possibilites des supraconducteurs en vue des decharges de grandes puissances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sole, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-01

After briefly examining the various processes for energy storage and fast liberation, the author stresses the new possibilities of superconductors in this field. (author) [French] Apres un bref examen des differents procedes de stockage et de liberation rapide d'energie, l'auteur souligne les perspectives nouvelles qu'apportent les supraconducteurs dans ce domaine. (auteur)

A method for smoke marker measurements and its potential application for determining the contribution of biomass burning from wildfires and prescribed fires to ambient PM2.5 organic carbon

Science.gov (United States)

A. P. Sullivan; A. S. Holden; L. A. Patterson; G. R. McMeeking; S. M. Kreidenweis; W. C. Malm; W. M. Hao; C. E. Wold; J. L. Collett

2008-01-01

Biomass burning is an important source of particulate organic carbon (OC) in the atmosphere. Quantifying this contribution in time and space requires a means of routinely apportioning contributions of smoke from biomass burning to OC. Smoke marker (for example, levoglucosan) measurements provide the most common approach for making this determination. A lack of source...

On the (Im)potentiality of an African Philosophy of Education to Disrupt Inhumanity

Science.gov (United States)

Waghid, Yusef

2015-01-01

Despite the advances made in the liberal Western philosophical and educational tradition to counteract unethical, immoral and inhumane acts committed by the human species, these acts of inhumanity persist. It would be inapt to apportion blame only to Western thinking, which has its roots in Greek antiquity, as Plato and Aristotle, for instance,…

42 CFR 413.50 - Apportionment of allowable costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... as average-per-diem cost, does not take into account, variations in the amount of service which a day... days of care as a basis for apportioning costs is the relative amount of charges billed by the provider... for health care on a cost basis, reimbursement under the Medicare program involves a determination of...

Managing Water Demand : Policies, Practices and Lessons from the ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

30 août 2005 ... Managing Water Demand : Policies, Practices and Lessons from the Middle East and North Africa Forums. Couverture du livre ... L'organisation HarassMap, soutenue par le CRDI, a une fois de plus incité à apporter des changements progressifs dans le domaine de la lutte contre le harcèlement sexuel.

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zuo, Q.; Duan, Y.H.; Yang, Y.; Wang, X.J.; Tao, S.

2007-01-01

Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression were applied to apportion sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils of Tianjin, China based on the measured PAH concentrations of 188 surface soil samples. Four principal components were identified representing coal combustion, petroleum, coke oven plus biomass burning, and chemical industry discharge, respectively. The contributions of major sources were quantified as 41% from coal, 20% from petroleum, and 39% from coking and biomass, which are compatible with PAH emissions estimated based on fuel consumption and emission factors. When the study area was divided into three zones with distinctive differences in soil PAH concentration and profile, different source features were unveiled. For the industrialized Tanggu-Hangu zone, the major contributors were coking (43%), coal (37%) and vehicle exhaust (20%). In rural area, however, in addition to the three main sources, biomass burning was also important (13%). In urban-suburban zone, incineration accounted for one fourth of the total. - PAHs in surface soil of Tianjin were apportioned and coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, coke production, and biomass burning were found to be the major sources

Panorama 2011: Oil situation in 2010 and trends; Panprama 2011: Contexte petrolier 2010 et tendances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maisonnier, G.

2011-07-01

Uncertainty surrounding the economic environment - particularly in Western countries - explains why oil prices have fluctuated so much in 2010: from $67/b in May to peaks of around $85/b in April and $90/b in November. Averaged over the year, they have been almost $80/b, up nearly $20 on 2009 ($61/b). With pressure expected to intensify, the market is forecasting prices of between $80 and $90/b in 2011. It is giving more weight to growth in the emerging markets than to economic and financial risks in Western countries. (author)

World oil and gas markets in 2005; Les marches petroliers et gaziers mondiaux en 2005

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2006-01-15

In front of insufficient production capacities, the petroleum and gas spot prices have won historical records in 2005. This paper analyzes this situation using the highlights of this exceptional year and concerning the producing countries (political situation), the oil and gas markets (exchange rates, demand, production capacity), the European quotations of petroleum products (automotive and domestic fuels), and the prices of petroleum products in France. (J.S.)

Guide about petroleum strategic stockpiles in France; Repere sur les stocks strategiques petroliers en France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-03-01

The strategic character of petroleum products has been perceived since the first world war. It has led France to impose the petroleum operators to make stockpiles to provide against the consequences of a serious disruption of supplies. As a difference with some other industrialized countries like the USA or Japan, French stockpiles are made of finite products. A balanced geographical distribution of these stocks over the whole national territory increases their efficiency. Stockpiles of IEA member states must represent 90 days of net imports while those of European Union member states must represent 90 days of average domestic consumption. In France, each chartered operator contributes to the strategic storage and the stored volumes are defined by the law no 92-1443 from December 31, 1992. These stocks are permanently controlled and financial sanctions are applied in case of infraction. Particular dispositions are applied in overseas departments which are summarized in this paper. (J.S.)

Research trends in radiobiology since 40 years. a new approach: the enzymatic repair function of DNA, internal factor in evolution of biological systems under irradiation; Etude des tendances des recherches en radiologie depuis 40 ans. Une nouvelle voie de recherche: la fonction de reparation enzymatique de l'ADN, facteur interne d'evolution des systemes biologiques sous rayonnement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mouton, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

'on croyait encore que les effets des rayonnements sur les systemes vivants etaient des effets directs, immediats, irreparables et definitifs. Depuis lors, on s'est rendu compte que les radiolesions pouvaient resulter d'effets indirects, etre tardives, reparables, et le plus souvent modifiables par des traitements chimiques ou biochimiques ad hoc. Cependant, la percee decisive en radiobiologie se situe entre 1962 et 1964, avec la decouverte que la cellule possede un mecanisme de defense active vis-a-vis de tout ce qui peut porter atteinte a l'integrite du patrimoine genetique inscrit dans la structure meme de l'ADN. L'existence d'une quatrieme fonction de l'ADN, celle d'auto-reparation, par voie enzymatique sous controle genetique, apporte enfin a la radiobiologie la base biologique moleculaire qui lui manquait pour sortir de la nuit 'phenomenologique' ou elle s'etait enfoncee apres l'abandon de la generalisation de la theorie de Lea, faute de preuve experimentale. Dans la seconde partie, cette fois prospective, de l'etude l'auteur tente une synthese elargie en considerant le role que peut jouer cette fonction de reparation de l'ADN non seulement du point de vue de la survie des systemes biologiques irradies en presence ou non d'agents modificateurs de dose ou mutagenes, mais aussi de celui de l'evolution naturelle ou artificielle de ces systemes sous rayonnement. Les donnees les plus recentes de la litterature sont en accord avec ce qui ne constitue encore qu'une hypothese generale de recherche. Des travaux portant sur les caracteres phenotypiques et genotypiques lies a l'acquisition de radioresistance gamma et UV, chez 'Escherichia coli K12', ont ete entrepris par l'auteur, en collaboration avec O. Tremeau en vue d'apporter une contribution experimentale nouvelle a cet egard. (auteur)

Research trends in radiobiology since 40 years. a new approach: the enzymatic repair function of DNA, internal factor in evolution of biological systems under irradiation; Etude des tendances des recherches en radiologie depuis 40 ans. Une nouvelle voie de recherche: la fonction de reparation enzymatique de l'ADN, facteur interne d'evolution des systemes biologiques sous rayonnement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mouton, R. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

. Il y a moins d'une generation, l'on croyait encore que les effets des rayonnements sur les systemes vivants etaient des effets directs, immediats, irreparables et definitifs. Depuis lors, on s'est rendu compte que les radiolesions pouvaient resulter d'effets indirects, etre tardives, reparables, et le plus souvent modifiables par des traitements chimiques ou biochimiques ad hoc. Cependant, la percee decisive en radiobiologie se situe entre 1962 et 1964, avec la decouverte que la cellule possede un mecanisme de defense active vis-a-vis de tout ce qui peut porter atteinte a l'integrite du patrimoine genetique inscrit dans la structure meme de l'ADN. L'existence d'une quatrieme fonction de l'ADN, celle d'auto-reparation, par voie enzymatique sous controle genetique, apporte enfin a la radiobiologie la base biologique moleculaire qui lui manquait pour sortir de la nuit 'phenomenologique' ou elle s'etait enfoncee apres l'abandon de la generalisation de la theorie de Lea, faute de preuve experimentale. Dans la seconde partie, cette fois prospective, de l'etude l'auteur tente une synthese elargie en considerant le role que peut jouer cette fonction de reparation de l'ADN non seulement du point de vue de la survie des systemes biologiques irradies en presence ou non d'agents modificateurs de dose ou mutagenes, mais aussi de celui de l'evolution naturelle ou artificielle de ces systemes sous rayonnement. Les donnees les plus recentes de la litterature sont en accord avec ce qui ne constitue encore qu'une hypothese generale de recherche. Des travaux portant sur les caracteres phenotypiques et genotypiques lies a l'acquisition de radioresistance gamma et UV, chez 'Escherichia coli K12', ont ete entrepris par l'auteur, en collaboration avec O. Tremeau en vue d'apporter une contribution experimentale nouvelle a cet egard. (auteur)

Apport de la tomodensitometrie (TDM) cerebrale chez le sujet adulte ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Methodology : It is about a descriptive and analytical retrospective study over one 36 months period (Mars 1998 at Mars 2001) relating to 68 files of adult patients HIV positive, having made the cerebral. CT with the CHU-Campus or the ... years at the men and 38.5 years among women. The lesions found with cerebral ...

Apport de l'echographie dans les contusions abdominales de l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion : l'échographie joue un rôle déterminant dans le bilan lésionnel dans les contusions abdominales, cependant son utilisation reste limitée dans le domaine pédiatrique au CHU SO de Lomé, d'où la nécessité d'une plus large diffusion de cet outil diagnostic. Mots clés : contusion abdominale, enfant, échographie, ...

Anguilles estuariennes et fluviales : apports de l'otolithométrie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MOUNAIX B.

1994-10-01

La zonation de l'otolithe, interprétée par rapport à la croissance des poissons, décrit deux écotypes dans la population d'anguilles de la Vilaine : un écotype fluvial dont la croissance est perturbée et ralentie, et un écotype estuarien dont la croissance est plus régulière. Cette partition de la population est cohérente avec les caractéristiques environnementales des deux milieux. Elle pourrait par ailleurs constituer un indice de l'impact des aménagements des bassins versants sur la croissance, la durée du cycle biologique et la dynamique des populations d'anguilles. Il apparaît alors nécessaire de considérer séparément les sous-unités estuariennes et fluviales des stocks d'anguilles des bassins versants de la Vilaine et de la Loire, en particulier pour étudier la diminution des abondances.

Changes in cotton gin energy consumption apportioned by ten functions

Science.gov (United States)

The public is concerned about air quality and sustainability. Cotton producers, gin owners and plant managers are concerned about rising energy prices. Both have an interest in cotton gin energy consumption trends. Changes in cotton gins’ energy consumption over the past fifty years, a period of ...

The apport of functional cerebral imaging in the psychiatric pathology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maktouf, Ch.; Kotzki, P.O.; Humbert, Th.

1992-01-01

Recent advances in medical brain imaging using structural and functional brain imaging techniques have contributed to the investigation of the living human brain. These new techniques hold great promise for the evaluation and understanding mental disorders. We report the position emission tomography (PET) and the more widely available single emission photon (SPECT) studies, as functional brain imaging, to assess regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow in psychiatric illness. (author)

APORT: a program for the area-based apportionment of county variables to cells of a polar grid. [Airborne pollutant transport models

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fields, D.E.; Little, C.A.

1978-11-01

The APORT computer code was developed to apportion variables tabulated for polygon-structured civil districts onto cells of a polar grid. The apportionment is based on fractional overlap between the polygon and the grid cells. Centering the origin of the polar system at a pollutant source site yields results that are very useful for assessing and interpreting the effects of airborne pollutant dissemination. The APOPLT graphics code, which uses the same data set as APORT, provides a convenient visual display of the polygon structure and the extent of the polar grid. The APORT/APOPLT methodology was verified by application to county summaries of cattle population for counties surrounding the Oyster Creek, New Jersey, nuclear power plant. These numerical results, which were obtained using approximately 2-min computer time on an IBM System 360/91 computer, compare favorably to results of manual computations in both speed and accuracy.

Becoming more sustainable: concepts and issues

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pirages, D C [Maryland Univ., Dep. of Government and Politics, Harrison Program on the Future Global Agenda, College Park, MD (United States)

1996-11-01

The automobile and associated mobility system have had a major economic and ecological impact on human societies. The industrial revolution, during which the internal combustion engine has played a major role, has shaped secular, materialistic societies and associated consumption patterns that cannot be sustained in a future world of eight billion people. Creating a more sustainable world means maximizing human satisfaction while minimizing human impact on nature. Becoming more sustainable is best envisioned as a continuing process in which constraints and possibilities change over time and space. The sustainable process raises major controversies including how to define and measure progress, how to apportion wealth among generations, and between free trade and environmental preservation. Sustainable mobility implies major changes in approaches to transportation including stressing psychological rather than physical mobility, designing speciality vehicles for emerging niches, and placing special emphasis on mass transit systems for emerging megacities. (author) 17 refs.

Le surpoids, l'obésité et le contrôle glycémique chez les diabétiques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

utilisation et du stockage des sucres apportés par l'alimentation, sa prise en charge est ... l'organisation mondiale de santé (OMS), Le contrôle glycémique a été effectué par l'analyse sanguine de l'Hémoglobine glycosylée et de la Glycémie à jeun.

Faits marquants : Des chercheurs canadiens et africains se ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Grâce à l'appui apporté par Croissance de l'économie et débouchés économiques des femmes (CEDEF), un programme quinquennal de 17 millions de dollars financé par la William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, le Department for International Development du Royaume-Uni et le CRDI, ces trois organismes collaborent à ...

HarassMap et Uber Égypte nouent un partenariat pour sensibiliser ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

HarassMap et Uber Égypte nouent un partenariat pour sensibiliser la population à la question du harcèlement sexuel. 11 décembre 2017. CRDI. L'organisation HarassMap, soutenue par le CRDI, a une fois de plus incité à apporter des changements progressifs dans le domaine de la lutte contre le harcèlement sexuel.

169 Effet des flux d'eau sur la capacité de rétention des marais ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DieudoneZ

apport des nutriments charriés par les rivières Lwiro et Cirhanyobwa et déterminer ainsi son impact sur l'efficacité de rétention des polluants par les marais Ciranga et Kabamba. Les échantillons d'eaux récoltés dans les rivières et dans les ...

POLITIQUES ÉCLAIRÉES Des politiques judicieuses favorisent le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La valeur des travaux de recherche que le CRDI subventionne depuis 1970 réside dans les améliorations apportées aux conditions de vie. Ces travaux entraînent des changements dans les lois et les attitudes; par example, ils permettent aux pauvres de se faire entendre, augmentent les ressources financières et rendent ...

Coopération entre milieux ruraux et urbains dans la gestion de l'eau ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Coopération entre milieux ruraux et urbains dans la gestion de l'eau face aux changements climatiques au Burkina Faso. Les villes dépendent fortement des milieux ruraux qui leur assurent un apport en produits alimentaires, en eau et en matières premières. Les changements climatiques, en augmentant la fréquence des ...

Entrepreneurs mobiles et croissance partagée en Afrique du Sud ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les entrepreneurs migrants représentent une force appréciable au sein du secteur non structuré en Afrique australe; or, leur rôle demeure bien souvent invisible aux yeux des responsables des politiques et des chercheurs. Un nouveau projet de recherche sur l'apport de ces entrepreneurs migrants contribuera à faire en ...

Fonctionnalité, résilience, maintenance, acides gras insaturés Un exemple : l’acide linoléique et les récepteurs du LDL-cholestérol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendy François

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Fonctionnalité, résilience, maintenance, et acides gras poly-insaturés. Il deviendra impossible dans le futur de poser le problème des apports nutritionnels conseillés sans se poser la question : Conseillés dans quel but ? Comptable, humanitaire, épanouissement individuel ? Obtenir une croissance, une reproduction, un gain de masse musculaire dans le plus court temps sont des objectifs de nutritionnistes zoo-techniciens. Dans ce système, l’objectif final est la mort programmée dans un abattoir dans le délai le plus court et le plus rentable possible. En nutrition humaine, l’objectif est d’obtenir la meilleure adaptabilité possible dans n’importe quelle situation et le plus longtemps possible. L’objectif n’est plus comme à la fin du xviiie et xixe siècle, d’obtenir une main-d’oeuvre pouvant se développer et se reproduire le plus rapidement possible, assurer un travail physique efficace au moindre coût. Peut-être est-il la transmission des connaissances anciennes, l’acquisition et la transmission de connaissances nouvelles, durant le plus lontemps possible. Pour l’homme, la définition des apports nutritionnels conseillés devrait être la définition des marges de sécurités entre les apports minimaux acceptables et les apports maximaux tolérables. Ces marges de sécurité devraient permettre d’obtenir une fonctionnalité réelle, soit la meilleure conformation récepteurs-enzymes, malgré des status génétiques variés (mutations, polymorphisme, etc., un environnement aléatoire, d’obtenir la résislience, l’adaptabilité individuelle, maximale, durant le plus longtemps possible (maintenance. Il n’existe pas d’autres possibilités de prévention des maladies conformationnelles nouvellement décrites. À titre d’exemple, les conditions d’obtention du niveau de régulation optimale du récepteur LDL, la dégradation sécrétoire de l’ApoB par le récepteur LDL sur le chemin de la s

The Power and Promise of Developmental Systems Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Letitia Meynell

2008-09-01

Full Text Available I argue that it is time for many feminists to rethink their attitudes towards evolutionary biology, not because feminists have been wrong to be deeply sceptical about many of its claims, both explicit and implicit, but because biology itself has changed. A new appreciation for the importance of development in biology has become mainstream and a new ontology, associated with developmental systems theory (DST, has been introduced over the last two decades. This turn challenges some of the features of evolutionary biology that have most troubled feminists. DST undermines the idea of biologicales sence and challenges both nature /nurture and nature/culture distinctions. Freed from these conceptual constraints, evolutionary biology no longer poses the problems that have justified feminist scepticism. Indeed, feminists have already found useful applications for DST and I argue that they should expand their use of DST to support more radical and wide-ranging political theories.Si les féministes n’ont pas eu tort d’être profondément sceptiques face aux nombreuses revendications de la biologie, leur attitude face à cette science doit être remise en question car la biologie s’est transformée au courant des dernières décennies. La «théorie des systèmes de développement» (developmental systems theory-TDS est une théorie qui s’est considérablement développée et qui a pris beaucoup d’ampleur. Cette théorie n’accepte pas le concept d’essence biologique ce qui pose un défi important à la distinction nature/culture. Une des conséquences de cet apport théorique est que le scepticisme des féministes face à la biologie de l’évolution n’est plus justifié car la biologie ne comporte plus les contraintes essentialistes qui s’avéraient contentieuses. En effet, certaines féministes ont déjà trouvé des applications utiles pour la TDS et nous avançons que les féministes doivent maintenant élargir l’utilisation de la

Extrême-Orient | Page 101 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Tim Unwin, titulaire de la chaire UNESCO en TIC pour le développement et professeur de géographie, Royal Holloway, Université de Londres. Read more about ... En Asie, l'enseignement à distance (ou téléenseignement) apporte des solutions décisives dans les domaines de l'éducation et de la formation. Les méthodes ...

Évaluation de l'incidence de l'appui à la consolidation de la paix de l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les travaux proposés sont une recherche documentaire ainsi que des entrevues sur place à New York, à Bangui et à N'Djamena, au Tchad. Les résultats concrets seront communiqués au BINUCA ainsi qu'à des praticiens un peu partout en Afrique. Les chercheurs ont en outre l'intention d'apporter une contribution savante ...

La Corruption : Un Probleme Socio-Economique Dans Les Œuvres ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'indépendance des pays africain est censée apporter l'espoir et le contentement chez la masse populaire car elle marque la fin des régimes du pouvoir étranger. Malheureusement tous les bienfaits sont mieux imaginés. L'indépendance a provoqué une situation peu enviable dans la pluparts des pays africains, car leurs ...

1333-IJBCS-Article-Aliou Guisse

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

caractériser la zone des Niayes sur le plan pédologique afin de diagnostiquer les processus de dégradation des sols et d'apporter des informations nécessaires pour la reconstitution et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles de cette région. MATERIEL ET METHODES. La zone d'étude. Située le long du littoral nord.

Évaluation des politiques de lutte contre l'usage nocif de l'alcool en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le projet s'inscrit dans une étude menée dans plusieurs pays, l'International Alcohol Control Study (IAC). Il aura recours à une méthode longitudinale reposant sur des panels et tirera parti d'expériences réalisées dans les conditions naturelles, dans le cadre desquelles des modifications aux politiques seront apportées ...

Colombie | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le développement ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Après 50 ans de guerre civile, les Colombiens commencent à entrevoir un avenir pacifique. Le soutien que nous avons apporté à la recherche nationale a contribué à ce processus de paix de plusieurs façons, notamment en aidant à comprendre des questions clés telles que la restitution des terres, les façons de favoriser ...

La recherche aide à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Corey Piccioni

à grande échelle des solutions qui améliorent la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition dans le monde en développement. Le CRDI apporte une contribution importante à l'augmentation de la productivité agricole, à l'amélioration de la nutrition et à l'accroissement des revenus des exploitants agricoles, hommes et femmes.

Impact des NTIC sur les acteurs de la Supply Chain | Derrouiche ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nous proposons dans cet article d'évaluer l'apport de ces technologies ainsi que leurs freins et limites dans le cadre d'une problématique d'entreprises en réseau, en nous intéressant particulièrement à leur utilisation dans les chaînes logistiques (Supply Chain). Keywords: NTIC, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Réseau ...

Tbilissi envoûté par le charme

CERN Multimedia

Cet article a été rédigé d'après des notes que nous a obligeamment fournies Yves Goldschmidt-Clermont; d'autres participants à la Conférence de Tbilissi, trop nombreux pour être cités, nous ont également apporté des compléments d'informations. Qu'ils en soient ici remerciés.

Effet de l'amendement au carbonate de calcium (mikhart) de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 janv. 2017 ... control substratum, SCa10 (S0 + 10 % powder of calcium carbonate), SCa20 (S0 + 20 % powder of calcium carbonate), SCa30 (S0 ..... puis montés sur un microscope électronique FEG Supra. 40 VP Zeiss à balayage et pression variable. Dès lors, ..... substrats amendés d'un apport en quantité et en qualité.

Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

21 mai 2015 ... VIH/Sida [3, 5, 6]. En Afrique Noire, il existe des particularités cliniques et épidémiologiques des affections cutanées observées, et les dermatologues ont souvent recours à l'anatomopathologie, qui apporte des éléments de diagnostic sûr dans de nombreux cas. Cependant, la dermatopathologie est ...

Ascite fébrile chez la femme, ne pas méconnaitre une tumeur de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La découverte de ces métastases ovariennes était survenue à distance des foyers primitifs. L'atteinte des ovaires était bilatérale dans le premier cas et unilatérale droite dans le second cas. Le diagnostic est apporté par la tomodensitométrie abdominopelvienne dans les deux cas. La fibroscopie oesogastroduodénale avait ...

Culture, Environment, and Food to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Apports de la diplomatie de la santé mondiale aux systèmes de santé en Afrique subsaharienne - renforcement des capacités. La santé est en voie de s'imposer comme un élément incontournable des négociations mondiales, que celles-ci portent sur le commerce, la croissance économique ou le développement social.

Dendritic network models: Improving isoscapes and quantifying influence of landscape and in-stream processes on strontium isotopes in rivers

Science.gov (United States)

Brennan, Sean R.; Torgersen, Christian E.; Hollenbeck, Jeff P.; Fernandez, Diego P.; Jensen, Carrie K.; Schindler, Daniel E.

2016-05-01

A critical challenge for the Earth sciences is to trace the transport and flux of matter within and among aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. Robust descriptions of isotopic patterns across space and time, called "isoscapes," form the basis of a rapidly growing and wide-ranging body of research aimed at quantifying connectivity within and among Earth's systems. However, isoscapes of rivers have been limited by conventional Euclidean approaches in geostatistics and the lack of a quantitative framework to apportion the influence of processes driven by landscape features versus in-stream phenomena. Here we demonstrate how dendritic network models substantially improve the accuracy of isoscapes of strontium isotopes and partition the influence of hydrologic transport versus local geologic features on strontium isotope ratios in a large Alaska river. This work illustrates the analytical power of dendritic network models for the field of isotope biogeochemistry, particularly for provenance studies of modern and ancient animals.

Time spent in housework and leisure: links with parents' physiological recovery from work.

Science.gov (United States)

Saxbe, Darby E; Repetti, Rena L; Graesch, Anthony P

2011-04-01

Spouses' balancing of housework and leisure activities at home may affect their recovery from work. This paper reports on a study of everyday family life in which 30 dual-earner couples were tracked around their homes by researchers who recorded their locations and activities every 10 min. For women, the most frequently pursued activities at home were housework, communication, and leisure; husbands spent the most time in leisure activities, followed by communication and housework. Spouses differed in their total time at home and their proportion of time devoted to leisure and housework activities, with wives observed more often in housework and husbands observed more often in leisure activities. Both wives and husbands who devoted more time to housework had higher levels of evening cortisol and weaker afternoon-to-evening recovery. For wives, husbands' increased housework time also predicted stronger evening cortisol recovery. When both spouses' activities were entered in the same model, leisure predicted husbands' evening cortisol, such that husbands who apportioned more time to leisure, and whose wives apportioned less time to leisure, showed stronger after-work recovery. These results suggest that the division of labor within couples may have implications for physical health.

The Erika tanker shipwreck, one year later. synthesis; Naufrage du petrolier Erika, un an apres. synthese

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-12-01

In december 1999 the Erika tanker shipwreck broke along the Brittany coast leading to the most important sea pollution by hydrocarbons, since the Amoco-Cadiz. One year after this accident the Ministry of the territory management and of the environment takes stock on the actions carried on after the shipwreck: the management of the POLMAR fund, the shoreline cleaning, the land and water ecosystems restoration, the wastes storage and processing, the ecological consequences. A special part is devoted to the maritime transport regulations and safety and to the victims compensation. (A.L.B.)

Extreme coldness, the new frontier of petroleum companies; Les tres grands froids, nouvelle frontiere des petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jemain, A.

2003-11-01

This brief article presents the new challenges the oil companies have to face for the exploration and production of oil and gas in extreme climatic conditions (arctic latitudes and deep offshore). The feasibility depends on the development of new, lighter and more resistant materials and on new procedures of 'flow assurance' to avoid the formation of hydrates plugs inside risers and pipes. (J.S.)

Panorama 2010: The oil context and trends in 2009; Panorama 2010: Contexte petrolier 2009 et tendances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maisonnier, G.

2010-07-01

In 2009, the market experienced panic, hope and confidence (still feeble) in succession. In a new context of relative abundance and depressed demand, the price of oil stood up well, averaging $60/bbl and ending the year in the $70-80/bbl range. This equilibrium price was justified by production costs and forecasts of a potentially tight market. It is feared that the hoped-for rally in 2010 and especially 2011 will eventually bring pressure to bear on the oil price again. These fears are fueled by expectations of a limited supply and growing demand. Will markets be 'reasonable' and integrate medium-term fundamentals into price quotations? (author)

Distance Education Technologies in Asia | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 nov. 2010 ... En Asie, l'enseignement à distance (ou téléenseignement) apporte des solutions décisives dans les domaines de l'éducation et de la formation. Les méthodes de téléenseignement qui sont d'application courante dans d'autres parties du monde n'ont cependant pas encore réalisé leur plein potentiel en ...

EVALUATION DE LA FAILLE ALIMENTAIRE EN ALGERIE PAR UN ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La «malnutrition» se rapporte à un déséquilibre nutritionnel. (protéique, vitaminique, lipidique…) de la ration alimentaire, souvent associé à un apport calorique insuffisant (de la faim) ou à une maladie, au contraire de la "faim cachée" ou "inappa- rente", qui désigne l'état d'une population qui consommerait suffisamment de ...

Les TIC, loin d'être une solution miracle pour l'autonomisation des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 oct. 2010 ... Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), dont les téléphones mobiles et Internet, ont le pouvoir de transformer la vie des femmes dans les pays en développement; cependant, elles ne peuvent pas, à elles seules, apporter un changement durable, révèle un livre que le CRDI vient de ...

Détermination des teneurs en Magnésium, Potassium, Manganèse ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juil. 2013 ... évolution de deux espèces de gombo cultivées en Afrique de l'Ouest, A. esclulentuset A caillei ;. ORSTOM – Paris. Travaux et documents microédités ; P. 191. Hamon S., Charrier A., Koechlin L., Van Sloten D.H.. 1991. Les apports potentiels à l'amélioration génétique des gombos (Abelmoschusspp.) par.

Le laboratoire, le temple et le marché : Réflexions à la croisée de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... constituer une motivation profonde et se révéler remarquablement utiles dans la poursuite d'objectifs scientifiques. Ils soulignent même la manière dont leur foi leur a apporté une profonde compréhension de l'interdépendance qui existe entre les choses ainsi qu'une véritable compréhension de ce qu'est la compassion, ...

Agriculture et environnement | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'élevage du poisson dans les rizières apporte aux agriculteurs de l'Asie une importante source de protéines, ainsi qu'un supplément de revenu. Rice-Fish Culture in China constitue ... L'agriculture est une activité essentielle au développement durable et solidaire de l'Amérique latine. Les pauvres des milieux ruraux tirent ...

. اﻟﻤﺰﺑﻠﺔ؛ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت؛ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﺜﻘﻴ

African Journals Online (AJOL)

concentrations importantes particulièrement en chrome, en zinc et en plomb, confirmant ainsi la pollution des eaux souterraines. ..... Apports de la géologie et de l'hydrogéologie à l'étude de l'impact de la décharge d'oued Akrech sur les ressources en eau, Ph.D. Thése, 3éme cycle, Univ. Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc,. 1997.

794-IJBCS-Article-Chouti Waris

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

poissons souvent signalée par les pêcheurs. MATERIEL ET METHODES. Prélèvement des échantillons. Six points de prélèvements ont été choisis en tenant compte des déversements domestiques, eaux de ruissellement et apport du Lac Nokoué (Figure 1). Les campagnes de prélèvements sont effectuées suivant les.

2524-IJBCS-Article-Anastase Azontonde

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

apport par les eaux de ruissellement des colluvions du village situé à environ 100 m de la dépression. La description faite de ces sols hydromorphes par Viennot (1970) ne révèle pas la présence des horizons ayant cette couleur rouge brun. Par contre, ce phénomène est absent dans les sols hydromorphes de. Founougo ...

Extrême-Orient | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Quatre ans après l'effondrement de l'usine textile Rana Plaza au Bangladesh, où plus de 1000 personnes ont péri, un groupe de réflexion de Dacca continue à faire pression pour que des changements profonds soient apportés à l'une des industries les plus importantes du pays. Cet article fait partie d'une série de ...

Les régions et les pays | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au CRDI, nous finançons la recherche qui permet aux pays en développement de créer le savoir et les solutions nécessaires pour apporter des changements durables. Nos quatre bureaux régionaux collaborent étroitement avec les collectivités qu'ils desservent en Asie, en Afrique, en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes, ...

les importations subventionnees de genisses a haut potentiel laitier

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrateur

français et leur évolution depuis 2003, ont calculé le risque annuel de mortalité des animaux de plus de deux ans ... vendu à des laiteries industrielles et certains investissements à la ferme - aurait pu apporter plus ... laitières (soit 7,8 vaches laitières en moyenne par exploitation en possédant). (MADR, 2006). 2 Ainsi, dans ...

Contribution à l'étude de l'impact d'un site minier abandonné dans la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Par ailleurs, dans les stations situées plus en aval (S8, S10, S11 et S13), les rejets urbains des agglomérations avoisinantes de l'oued Moulouya contribuent aussi à cette contamination par un apport anthropique qui se traduit par une augmentation des teneurs en ETM. Or, la mise en place du barrage Hassan II sur l'oued ...

La population du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord contribue ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

29 avr. 2016 ... Le degré d'apport au contenu varie grandement d'une population à l'autre. Si les habitants du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord (région MENA) utilisent Wikipédia, ils y contribuent cependant moins que les populations d'autres régions du monde. Le contenu au sujet de la région MENA est, le plus ...

Approche raisonnée de l'établissement de priorités en santé | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) fournira un renforcement des capacités et des apports techniques accrus afin de répondre à l'appel des gouvernements des deux pays, qui manifestent depuis longtemps le désir de réduire les inégalités dans l'affectation des ressources en santé et l'accès à celles-ci.

Consolider la capacité locale d'adaptation aux changements ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ces scénarios comprendront des estimations de l'évolution des précipitations, de l'évaporation et de l'apport d'eau en provenance du lac Titicaca, qui est le principal réservoir hydrique de l'Altiplano bolivien. Les chercheurs associeront ensuite ces scénarios à des modèles hydrologiques et des données prévisionnelles ...

Environmental Pollution Prevention, Control and Abatement

Science.gov (United States)

1977-08-30

AD-A271 117 fDATE August 30. 1977 ASD (ORA&L) Department of Defense Instruction SUBJECT: Environmental Pollution Prevention, Control and Abatement...Ensure that any funds appropriated and apportioned for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution are not used for any other...77 References (a) Executive Order 11752, "Prevention, Control, and Abatement of Environmental Pollution at Federal Facilities," December 19, 1973 (b

Etude de la culture en couloirs de manioc ( Manihot esculenta ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

L'objectif de l'étude est de recommander aux paysans un système de production de manioc à la fois rentable et préservatrice de l'environnement. Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux systèmes améliorés de culture en couloirs (manioc amélioré Yavo/soja vert (Mung bean)/Gliricidia sepium avec un apport de fumure de fond ...

Dose apportionment using statistical modeling of the effluent release

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datta, D.

2011-01-01

Nuclear power plants are always operated under the guidelines stipulated by the regulatory body. These guidelines basically contain the technical specifications of the specific power plant and provide the knowledge of the discharge limit of the radioactive effluent into the environment through atmospheric and aquatic route. However, operational constraints sometimes may violate the technical specification due to which there may be a failure to satisfy the stipulated dose apportioned to that plant. In a site having multi facilities sum total of the dose apportioned to all the facilities should be constrained to 1 mSv/year to the members of the public. Dose apportionment scheme basically stipulates the limit of the gaseous and liquid effluent released into the environment. Existing methodology of dose apportionment is subjective in nature that may result the discharge limit of the effluent in atmospheric and aquatic route in an adhoc manner. Appropriate scientific basis for dose apportionment is always preferable rather than judicial basis from the point of harmonization of establishing the dose apportionment. This paper presents an attempt of establishing the discharge limit of the gaseous and liquid effluent first on the basis of the existing value of the release of the same. Existing release data for a few years (for example 10 years) for any nuclear power station have taken into consideration. Bootstrap, a resampling technique, has been adopted on this data sets to generate the population which subsequently provide the corresponding population distribution of the effluent release. Cumulative distribution of the population distribution obtained is constructed and using this cumulative distribution, 95th percentile (upper bound) of the discharge limit of the radioactive effluents is computed. Dose apportioned for a facility is evaluated using this estimated upper bound of the release limit. Paper describes the detail of the bootstrap method in evaluating the

L'apport de la sociolinguistique la lexicographie: l'exemple rcent des ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Riette Ruthven

des données sociolinguistiques fournies dans le cadre du projet de recherche Valibel, il s'interroge enfin sur la pertinence ..... les exemples mentionnés, voire les définitions, sont souvent plus courts dans le. NPR 2008, même si ..... La lexicographie variationniste dispose à cet égard de plus d'outils que la grammaire. Ainsi.

Apport de l'échographie transvaginale associée à l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJRH Managing Editor

pathology in 7.5% and peritoneal pathology in 7% of cases. Of all the diseases identified by the association ... HSG and TUV had identical performances on the peritoneal pathology. The association HSG-ETV should be systematic in ..... frequency of endometrial polyps in endometriosis. J. Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003 ...

Apport de l'endoscopie digestive dans l'hypertension portale de l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... le rôle de l'endoscopie dans le traitement et la surveillance. Méthodes: Notre étude est une analyse rétrospective de 135 endoscopies digestives hautes effectuées chez 68 enfants atteints d'hypertension portale sur une période de 8 ans. Résultats: L'endoscopie a permis de mettre en évidence les varices oesogastriques ...

L'Apport des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This transition which started in 1995, effectively took place in 1998 as a result of the hundredth anniversary of cinema. In order to better understand this transitional phenomenon, a case study was conducted on the films Bodyguard, dubbed in French using the traditional method in 1992 and Welcome back, also dubbed in ...

Kyste arachnoidien intra et supra sellaire: apport de l'IRM | Badaoui ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les kystes arachnoïdiens intrasellaires sont rares et souvent étendus en suprasellaire. Leur diagnostic doit être évoqué devant toute formation de nature kystique dont le signal est identique à celui du liquide cérébro-spinal. Nous rapportons le cas d'un kyste arachnoïdien de siège intra et suprasellaire révélé par une ...

Apport de la scintigraphie renale dans l'exploration d'un syndrome ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Les aspects étiopathogéniques et la place de l'imagerie médicale notamment de la scintigraphie aussi bien dans la prise en charge diagnostique que thérapeutique sont discutées à la lumière de la littérature. Mots clés : Syndrome de jonction pyélo-uréterale, ectopie rénale, Scintigraphie rénale, pays en développement.

L'Apport des Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

25 oct. 2016 ... Nowadays, new information and communication technologies (NICTs) ... 2Senior Lecturer, Audiovisual Translation and Computer Assisted Translation, ASTI, University of ... touche les produits et services en ligne (Internet).

Résultats de recherche | Page 450 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Scott Gilmore. Scott est entrepreneur social et rédacteur. Profile. -. Jean Lebel. Jean a été nommé président du CRDI le 1er mai 2013. À titre de président du CRDI, Jean dirige l'apport du Centre aux efforts que déploie le Canada en matière de développement, de politique étrangère et d'innovation mondiale. Pages.

La pisciculture améliore les conditions de vie des agricultrices au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

déclaré bénéficier d'un revenu disponible comparativement à 20 % des femmes des ménages faisant partie du groupe témoin. Contexte. L'insécurité alimentaire des ménages au Cambodge est élevée. Le régime alimentaire, principalement à base. © Bartay Photography de riz, fournit un apport énergétique suffisant, mais.

Psychoeducation et attitude phenomenologique en psychotherapie de groupe

OpenAIRE

2010-01-01

Resume Nous pensons que la psychotherapie de groupe peut etre un moyen de faire concilier les recommandations en matiere de prophylaxie visees par les mesures psychoeducatrices, la dimension vivante de l?experience retrouvee dans l?attitude phenomenologique et les aspects tournes vers le monde communautaire de la mediation therapeutique. Pour articuler ces differents domaines, nous abordons les principes de la psychoeducation, les risques que celle-ci peut comporter et les apports ...

Evaluation quantitative et qualitative de la strate herbacée du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Cette étude s'insère dans le cadre de la compréhension de l'apport de la strate herbacée dans une formation de Quercus rotundifolia L. utilisée par un cheptel dont l'importance socio-économique pour la population est vitale. Le défrichement, moyen pratique d'accroître la production fourragère en milieu forestier, est ...

127 Evaluation quantitative et qualitative de la strate herbacée du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

utilsateur

Résumé. Cette étude s'insère dans le cadre de la compréhension de l'apport de la strate herbacée dans une formation de Quercus rotundifolia L. utilisée par un cheptel dont l'importance socio-économique pour la population est vitale. Le défrichement, moyen pratique d'accroître la production fourragère en milieu forestier ...

Note méthodologique : Exemple de restauration de la plaine de la Crau : l’écologie de la restauration face à la restauration écologique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renaud Jaunatre, Baptiste Dolidon, Élise Buiison et Thierry Dutoit

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Quel peut être l’apport des recherches en écologie de la restauration pour la réhabilitation d’une communauté végétale unique à forte valeur patrimoniale ? Comment s’intègrent-elles aux opérations de restauration sur le terrain ? Exemple en plaine de Crau pour la réhabilitation des steppes méditerranéennes de Cossure.

Armer les villes contre la faim : Systèmes alimentaires urbains ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le XXe siècle a été le témoin d'une croissance massive des populations urbaines. ... On y explore le rôle que les structures existantes de marketing et de distribution peuvent jouer pour améliorer l'accessibilité, les systèmes de distribution alimentaire en émergence et leur apport éventuel à l'élimination de la faim dans les ...

Effet de la co-inoculation du rhizobium et de mycorhizes sur les ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 déc. 2013 ... RÉSUMÉ. Objectif : Les sols sahéliens se caractérisent par une faible fertilité dont l'amélioration se fait par la pratique de la jachère ou l'apport du fumier. La fixation de l'azote atmosphérique par certaines légumineuses est peu performante voir inefficace. De nos jours, l'inoculation de rhizobium et de ...

Les femmes jouent un rôle accru dans la gestion commerciale des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

21 juin 2016 ... Un projet de recherche financé par le CRDI montre que les femmes jouent un rôle accru dans la gestion des déchets solides en Amérique latine. Trabajadoras por la ciudad. Aporte de las mujeres a la gestión ambiental de los residuos sólidos en América Latina (Employées municipales. L'apport des ...

1563-IJBCS-Article-Maxime Machioud S

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

La présente étude ethnobotanique réalisée sur les plantes hépatotropes et particulièrement sur les propriétés thérapeutiques de Gomphrena celosioides a eu pour objectif de répertorier les plantes hépatotropes utilisées par les tradithérapeutes au Bénin et d'apporter davantage d'informations sur l'usage de Gomphrena.

L'adénome métanéphrique bilatéral du rein

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ra

L'adénome métanéphrique du rein est une tumeur épithéliale bénigne rare. Son diagnostic est exclusivement histologique. Le diagnostic différentiel se fait essentiellement avec le néphroblastome et le carcinome papillaire à cellules rénales. L'étude cytogénétique apporte des éléments importants pour différencier entre ...

Les facies gypso-salins dans la région d'Oran et leurs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion et application des résultats: La salinité associée à l'érosion (hydrique et éolienne du fait de l'absence de végétation) au fil du temps, a non seulement affecté les terres et les nappes, mais a contribué à la mise en place d'un synclinal ou sebkha en raison de la subsidence suite aux apports continuels de ...

Foire aux questions: Bourse de recherche 2018 du CRDI | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Vous remarquerez que d'importantes modifications ont été apportées aux critères d'admissibilité dans les deux dernières années. 2) Je suis étudiant à la maîtrise. Suis-je admissible à une bourse de recherche ? En principe oui. Toutefois, il est important de lire les spécifications du programme qui vous intéresse, car les ...

Women, Livestock Ownership and Markets : Bridging the gender ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

30 oct. 2013 ... Le livre analyse en outre le rôle que le fait de posséder des animaux d'élevage, surtout lorsqu'on est une femme, joue dans la sécurité alimentaire du ménage, en accroissant la diversité alimentaire et en favorisant un apport alimentaire suffisant et équilibré au sein du foyer. Il y est également question de ...

Une chaîne de traitement de l'information géographique au service de l'application de la loi Littoral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick GUILLOPÉ

1994-09-01

Full Text Available L’application de la loi Littoral nécessitait une approche nouvelle de la part de l’État et la mise en œuvre d’outils nouveaux pour une gestion à long terme. L’apport de traitements automatiques de l’information géographique a été ainsi testé au CETE Normandie-Centre sur trois des grands principes posés par cette loi.

Naval Law Review. Volume 64, 2015

Science.gov (United States)

2016-03-16

T. Palmer, JAGC, USN “POURING NEW WINE INTO OLD BOTTLES”: UNDERSTANDING THE NOTION OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION IN HOSTILITIES WITHIN THE CYBER...T. Palmer, JAGC, USN “POURING NEW WINE INTO OLD BOTTLES”: UNDERSTANDING THE NOTION OF DIRECT PARTICIPATION 86 IN HOSTILITIES WITHIN THE CYBER... benefit their overlying lands.47 In times of shortage, each overlying landowner is entitled to an apportioned equitable share of the groundwater.48 4

Capitalisme raisonnable et développement durable : quels apports possibles à partir de l’institutionnalisme de John  ‎‏R. Commons ? Reasonable Capitalism and Sustainable Development: Potential Contributions from John R. Commons’ Institutionalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muriel Maillefert

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La problématique du développement durable interpelle directement le fonctionnement du capitalisme depuis une bonne dizaine d’années, en appelant à des changements dont l’ampleur varie en fonction des acceptions de la durabilité retenues. L’article tente de préciser les apports possibles de l’institutionnalisme de J.R. Commons à l’analyse d’une « action collective environnementale » représentative d’une volonté de structurer les conflits au sein d’un capitalisme durable. Après avoir rappelé les principales questions qui se posent au sujet de la compatibilité du capitalisme à la problématique du développement durable, nous analysons la pertinence des concepts avancés par J.R. Commons pour l’émergence d’un capitalisme durable. Pour cela, nous soulignons plus particulièrement la fécondité des principes du capitalisme raisonnable tels que définis par cet auteur, et leur proximité potentielle avec le développement durable. En se démarquant sensiblement de la posture de l’économie politique classique, l’institutionnalisme de Commons introduit en effet une opportunité intéressante pour la compréhension des enjeux de la durabilité. Puis nous nous interrogeons sur les difficultés d’une transposition de ces principes aux enjeux actuels de la définition d’un capitalisme durable, en insistant sur les limites d’une application des concepts de « valeur raisonnable » et de « transactions » aux démarches d’intégration des contraintes environnementales dans les comportements économiques du capitalisme contemporain.For over a decade, the concept of sustainable development questions the very functioning of capitalism by calling for changes of various magnitude depending on the underlying meaning given to this concept. This paper aims at specifying the potential contributions of John R. Commons’ institutionalism to the analysis of « environmental collective action ». The latter

Source Identification and Apportionment of Trace Elements in Soils in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Shao, Shuai; Hu, Bifeng; Fu, Zhiyi; Wang, Jiayu; Lou, Ge; Zhou, Yue; Jin, Bin; Li, Yan; Shi, Zhou

2018-06-12

Trace elements pollution has attracted a lot of attention worldwide. However, it is difficult to identify and apportion the sources of multiple element pollutants over large areas because of the considerable spatial complexity and variability in the distribution of trace elements in soil. In this study, we collected total of 2051 topsoil (0⁻20 cm) samples, and analyzed the general pollution status of soils from the Yangtze River Delta, Southeast China. We applied principal component analysis (PCA), a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM), and geostatistical tools to identify and quantitatively apportion the sources of seven kinds of trace elements (chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As)) in soil. The PCA results indicated that the trace elements in soil in the study area were mainly from natural, multi-pollutant and industrial sources. The FMDM also fitted three sub log-normal distributions. The results from the two models were quite similar: Cr, As, and Ni were mainly from natural sources caused by parent material weathering; Cd, Cu, and Zu were mainly from mixed sources, with a considerable portion from anthropogenic activities such as traffic pollutants, domestic garbage, and agricultural inputs, and Hg was mainly from industrial wastes and pollutants.

Evaluation on Innovation approaches on Performance from Malaysian perspective: A study on Malaysian Building energy saving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amlus M. H.

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Lately Malaysia energy consumption versus generation rapidly shows increasing due to increasing of load. This phenomenon happened following to advanced country development. Lacking on design and without energy management approach the energy consumption and monthly electrical bill will steadily increased and support the increasing of world carbon emission. Therefore the aim of this work is to approach the simplest innovation task-energy audit , which is load-apportioning strategy. This approach using matching the usage of equipment with fully utilized space and reschedules the time of usage. A one week data was collected by logged power meter at main switchboard at selected building using Fluke Power Recorder. From the data collected, current usage of every load can be determine, then load will be arrange into a group with same portion and same time of usage. The result shows clearly the energy consumption for every single day and indicates the highest and lowest peak. From this work the apportioning strategy implemented by rearrange the load following type of room application. After the arrangement, new measurement was taken and a very good result was established. This work also can be further apply for a huge load that can be save a lot of money for owner especially government by energy saving.

STIMULATION PAR LES CYTOKININES DE L’ACCUMULATION ALCALOÏDIQUE DANS DES SUSPENSIONS CELLULAIRES: IMPLICATION DE L’ETHYLENE COMME SECOND MESSAGER ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A YAHIA

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché à savoir si l’éthylène pouvait être impliquée lors de la stimulation de la production alcaloïdique par les cytokinines dans les suspensions cellulaires de Catharanthus roseus. La stratégie expérimentale a été double: 1 modifier les teneurs en éthylène endogène en traitant les cellules par différents agonistes ou antagonistes de la voie de biosynthèse de l’éthylène, 2 soumettre les cellules à des apports exogène d’éthylène.      Les résultats obtenus montrent que les inhibiteurs de l’éthylène AVG, Co+2  bloquent partiellement la stimulation alcaloïdique dans les cellules traitées par les cytokinines alors que le précurseur de l’éthylène ACC n’a pas d’effet sur la production alcaloïdique dans les cellules non traitées par les cytokinines. En revanche, lorsque l’éthylène est apporté de manière exogène (traitement par l’éthephon, la production alcaloïdique est multipliée par quatre.

Orientations pour l'intégration des TICE dans l'enseignement du français en Syrie. L'exemple du centre de documentation pédagogique de Damas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christelle Demange-Ducrot

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Le secteur éducatif syrien souhaite orienter son action vers les nouvelles technologies de l'information et la sensibilisation du public scolaire aux applications de l'informatique dans le domaine éducatif et en particulier dans le cadre de l'enseignement des langues. Dans l'enseignement-apprentissage des langues, les apports des TICE sont nombreux, mais là où elles apportent sans doute la plus grande plus-value, c'est lors de la mise en place de projets de classe motivants et valorisants, intégrés à des projets de communication authentique. Partant de ce constat, le Centre de Documentation Pédagogique de Damas forme les enseignants de français syriens à l'intégration des TICE dans des projets pédagogiques de classe mettant en œuvre des activités créatives et stimulantes pour communiquer en français. Jusqu'alors, les formations ont centré leurs efforts sur les bases de l'environnement informatique et de la bureautique, avec pour parti pris l'utilisation de logiciels libres. L'année 2005 marquera le lancement et l'expérimentation du dispositif de formation continue à distance destiné aux professeurs de français dans le domaine des TICE.

Identification and apportionment of hazardous elements in the sediments in the Yangtze River estuary.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jiawei; Liu, Ruimin; Wang, Haotian; Yu, Wenwen; Xu, Fei; Shen, Zhenyao

2015-12-01

In this study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal components analysis (PCA) were combined to identify and apportion pollution-based sources of hazardous elements in the surface sediments in the Yangtze River estuary (YRE). Source identification analysis indicated that PC1, including Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, As, Cu, and Zn, can be defined as a sewage component; PC2, including Pb and Sb, can be considered as an atmospheric deposition component; and PC3, containing Cd and Hg, can be considered as an agricultural nonpoint component. To better identify the sources and quantitatively apportion the concentrations to their sources, eight sources were identified with PMF: agricultural/industrial sewage mixed (18.6 %), mining wastewater (15.9 %), agricultural fertilizer (14.5 %), atmospheric deposition (12.8 %), agricultural nonpoint (10.6 %), industrial wastewater (9.8 %), marine activity (9.0 %), and nickel plating industry (8.8 %). Overall, the hazardous element content seems to be more connected to anthropogenic activity instead of natural sources. The PCA results laid the foundation for the PMF analysis by providing a general classification of sources. PMF resolves more factors with a higher explained variance than PCA; PMF provided both the internal analysis and the quantitative analysis. The combination of the two methods can provide more reasonable and reliable results.

C:\\Users\\AISA\\Desktop\\XPS 26(1)\\OGNALAGA.xps

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

la dose apportée est élevée, plus la réaction positive des plants est grande. Les plants ... Moreover, the higher the supply dose, the greater the positive reaction of the .... Matériel organique. Les parties peu lignifiées des plantes C.odorata et L. leucocephalae, ont été récoltées et découpées à la machette afin de favoriser.

Foire aux questions: Bourse de recherche 2017 du CRDI | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1) Si l'on décide de m'attribuer une bourse de recherche, aurai-je besoin d'un permis de travail ? Veuillez lire les détails sur ce sujet sous la rubrique Admissibilité à la page Web de l'appel. Vous remarquerez que d'importantes modifications ont été apportées aux critères d'admissibilité cette année. 2) Je suis étudiant à la ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 447 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Profile. Scott Gilmore. Scott est entrepreneur social et rédacteur. Profile. Jean Lebel. Jean a été nommé président du CRDI le 1er mai 2013. À titre de président du CRDI, Jean dirige l'apport du Centre aux efforts que déploie le Canada en matière de développement, de politique étrangère et d'innovation mondiale. Profile ...

The balance space approach to multicriteria decision making—involving the decision maker

OpenAIRE

Ehrgott, M.

2002-01-01

The balance space approach (introduced by Galperin in 1990) provides a new view on multicriteria optimization. Looking at deviations from global optimality of the different objectives, balance points and balance numbers are defined when either different or equal deviations for each objective are allowed. Apportioned balance numbers allow the specification of proportions among the deviations. Through this concept the decision maker can be involved in the decision process. In this paper we prov...

543-IJBCS-Article-Dr Atidegla Capo Seraphin

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

zone qui ne sont pas à l'abri des pollutions chimique et bactériologique. L'objectif de la présente étude est d'identifier ..... pratique le maraîchage sans irrigation et où les taux de nitrates obtenus sont dans l'ordre de. 14 à 32 mg/l. ... maraîchères ne peuvent y être pratiquées sans apports d'intrants. A Grand-Popo, ce sont les.

L’impact des facteurs économiques sur l’intention entrepreneuriale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amari Farouk

2014-03-01

Nous avons cherché à apporter des éléments de réponse à la question de savoir comment ces facteurs peuvent-ils influencer l’intention de l’entrepreneur de créer son propre projet. Nous avons ciblé le milieu universitaire à travers une enquête auprès d’un échantillon d’étudiants de l’Institut Supérieur d’Administration des Affaires de Sfax (Tunisie.

Dynamique de la population de la cigogne blanche ( Ciconia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ce travail porte sur l'analyse des paramètres démographiques de la cigogne blanche en lgérie, à partir des données de trois ecensements nationaux effectués en 1995, 1998 et 001. Un délai de trois années entre un recensement et un autre a été dopté pour voir par apport à la tendance évolutive des effectifs des couples ...

Bilan des flux de matières particulaires et dissoutes du Sassandra à ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ce travail a pour objectif l'estimation des apports du fleuve Sassandra. C'est dans ce cadre que les flux de matières particulaires et dissoutes ont été mesurés au cours de l'année 2003 sur le fleuve Sassandra, à la station hydrométrique de Gaoulou. La méthodologie adoptée a consisté à déterminer d'abord les ...

TEHIP Case 2_f

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

villageois, qui ont travaillé sur le chantier et apporté des matériaux locaux tandis que le conseil de district comblait la différence, le dispensaire d'Utunge a été amélioré en moins de six mois et 6 000 personnes ont pu bénéficier ainsi de meilleurs services de santé. Utunge se trouve dans le district de Rufiji, qui est un des.

Uncertainty avoidance in PILs: A question of ethics and deontology

OpenAIRE

Verplaetse, Heidi; Wermuth, Cornelia

2012-01-01

Uncertainty Avoidance in PILs: A Question of Ethics and Deontology Enabling patients’ interpretation and correct implementation of the instructions in patient information leaflets (PILs) involves ethical implications in two respects. On the one hand patients’ health and well-being are at stake. But correct usage of prescribed and over-the-counter medication by patients is also part of a country’s financial resources which are apportioned for national health care. This paper aims to inves...

G:\\Potentiel 27(1)\\PMKER 27(1)\\

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

alimentaires ont changé. Si la banane plantain et le manioc .... bien développée entraînant un bon drainage interne. Sur deux horizons (0 - 20 et. 20 - 40 cm), le taux d'argile passe de 10 % en surface à 25 % en profondeur. Le taux de sable ... fumure de couverture est assurée par l'apport d'urée à la dose de 100 kg/ha en ...

Archaeological Investigations in Upland Kaneohe: Survey and Salvage Excavations in the Upper Kamo’oali’i Stream Drainage Area Kaneohe, Ko’olaupoko, Oahu, Hawaii,

Science.gov (United States)

1976-06-01

further evidenced in 1795 by Kamehameha I who, after having conquered Oahu and distributed the lands to his favored chiefs and warriors, kept Kaneohe as...established in Kaneohe in 1835. In 1848, at the time of the Mahele (the division of lands between King Kamehameha III and the principal chiefs), most of...Land Tenure in the Kaneohe Bay Area When Kamehameha I apportioned the conquered Oahu lands in 1795 to his warrior chiefs and counsellors (Ii 1959:69-70

Lorsque la croissance ne suffit pas : en quête d'une économie ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

21 juil. 2016 ... Bien que la croissance ait été modérée ces dernières années, on s'attend à ce qu'elle reprenne bientôt. On observe toutefois des ... L'un des principaux enjeux est le fait que l'économie de l'Afrique s'est développée sans qu'aucune transformation structurelle n'ait été apportée. Les experts ont souligné ...

Profil des examens radiographiques spéciaux conventionnels dans ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

But : Montrer l'apport des examens spéciaux dans la démarche diagnostique Méthodologie : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective qui a porté sur les résultats de 249 examens spéciaux colligés dans le service de radiologie du CHU- Tokoin de Lomé du 1er mars 2003 au 1er mars 2004. Résultats : L'âge de nos patients varie ...

L'apprentissage informatique dans les écoles de la Colombie | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Au Canada, beaucoup d'enfants ont accès à un ordinateur en dehors de l'école. En Colombie, on est loin de cela. » Une récente étude de cas sur la mise en application du programme CPE, parrainée par l'ICA, apporte une précision. « En Colombie, le programme s'est inspiré du modèle du Nord, mais il a ...

Measuring the fiscal revenue loss of VAT exemption in commercial banking

OpenAIRE

Genser, Bernd; Winker, Peter

1997-01-01

The closing of tax loopholes is one important instrument for fiscal consolidation. We concentrate on the value added tax exemption of banking services in Germany. The potential tax revenue under full value added taxation cannot be estimated from national accounting data, as it is necessary to apportion the value added between final consumption and intermediate production. We develop a method which allows to base our estimates on disaggregated banks' balance sheet data and obtain an estimate f...

Amélioration des propriétés physiques et chimiques du sol sous l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

28 févr. 2014 ... sol autour de Lubumbashi a profondément changé et la savane correspond à la dégradation de la forêt claire ... couverture, ont été apportés à des quantités différentes en fonction des traitements. Le coût d'acquisition ... sur les deux lignes du milieu et le rendement a été ajustés au taux d'humidité de 14%.

Apportioning our time and energy: oral presentation, poster, journal article or other?

Science.gov (United States)

Cleary, Michelle; Walter, Garry

2004-09-01

There is a general expectation for health service employees to present their work in oral or written format to showcase clinical ideas, innovations, service developments, and quality and research initiatives. This research note outlines the types of forums where work can be presented and highlights their relative merits. It is anticipated that this discussion will be of interest to clinicians, managers and researchers when considering where best to present their work.

(Glycine max L. (Merril) à l'apport des biomasses vertes de Tithonia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 mars 2013 ... des biomasses de Tithonia diversifolia (10143 kg /hectare) comme fertilisant constituerait un atout majeur pour l'accroissement des rendements du soja dans un contexte de dégradation des sols et de prix élevé des engrais minéraux. Mots clés : biomasse de Tithonia diversifolia, fumure organique, soja, ...

Enseignement du français les apports de la recherche en linguistique

CERN Document Server

Avanzi, Mathieu; Corminboeuf, Gilles; Gachet, Frederic

2014-01-01

Cet ouvrage propose une reflexion collective sur la maniere dont l'enseignement du francais peut tirer profit (des resultats) de la recherche en linguistique. Le passage de la recherche a l'enseignement pose des questions fondamentales : comment traduire les travaux de recherche vers les contenus d'enseignement ? Comment choisir parmi les resultats de la recherche ceux qui ont vocation a etre adaptes utilement pour les besoins des apprenants ? Comment traiter le decalage souvent evoque entre le contenu des moyens d'enseignement et l'etat du savoir sur la langue ?

Volatility of source apportioned wintertime organic aerosol in the city of Athens

Science.gov (United States)

Louvaris, Evangelos E.; Florou, Kalliopi; Karnezi, Eleni; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Gkatzelis, Georgios I.; Pandis, Spyros N.

2017-06-01

The volatility distribution of ambient organic aerosol (OA) and its components was measured during the winter of 2013 in the city of Athens combining a thermodenuder (TD) and a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of both the ambient and the thermodenuder AMS-spectra resulted in a four-factor solution for the OA, namely: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA), cooking OA (COA), and oxygenated OA (OOA). The thermograms of the four factors were analyzed and the corresponding volatility distributions were estimated using the volatility basis set (VBS). All four factors included compounds with a wide range of effective volatilities from 10 to less than 10-4 μg m-3 at 298 K. Almost 40% of the HOA consisted of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) with the semi-volatile compounds (SVOCs) representing roughly 30%, while the remaining 30% consisted of extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs). BBOA was more volatile than the HOA factor on average, with 10% ELVOCs, 40% LVOCs, and 50% SVOCs. 10% of the COA consisted of ELVOCs, another 65% LVOCs, and 50% SVOCs. Finally, the OOA was the least volatile factor and included 40% ELVOCs, 25% LVOCs, and 35% SVOCs. Combining the volatility distributions and the O:C ratios of the various factors, we placed our results in the 2D-VBS analysis framework of Donahue et al. (2012). HOA and BBOA are in the expected region but also include an ELVOC component. COA is in similar range as HOA, but on average is half an order of magnitude more volatile. The OOA in these wintertime conditions had a moderate O:C ratio and included both semi-volatile and extremely low volatility components. The above results are sensitive to the assumed values of the effective vaporization enthalpy and the accommodation coefficient. A reduction of the accommodation coefficient by an order of magnitude or the reduction of the vaporization enthalpy by 20 kJ mol-1 results in the increase of the average volatility by half an order of magnitude.

Thyroid carcinoma, hyperthyroidism and iodine intake; Carcinome thyroidien, hyperthyroidie et apport iode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Als, C.; Netzer, P.; Gedeon, P.; Glaser, C.; Seiler, C.; Markwalder, R.; Laissue, J.; Roesler, H. [Universite de Berne, Berne (Switzerland)

1997-12-31

The absolute iodine intake, slowly ameliorated, in a population influences the epidemiology of thyroid carcinoma (TC) and of hyperthyroidism (HT). We have retrospectively evaluated the frequencies of associated TC and HT in a pre-Alpine region over a period amounting up to more than 30 years. The iodide salt (5 - 10 - 20 mg KI/kg since 1922 - 1962 - 1980) have progressively corrected the severe iodine deficit, prevailing at the beginning of century. The patients treated for TC by surgery and/or {sup *}I in our hospital have been grouped in 3 periods: A (before 1971), B (1971 - 1983) and C (1984 - 1996), according to the diagnosis of malignity. Recorded were the number/type of associated TC (histology/or cytology) and HT (blood/clinic/scintigraphy by {sup *}I dosages). (GB = disease of Graves-Basedow, UFA/MFA = HT by uni- or multifocal functional autonomy, FC = follicular C, PC = papillary C, AC anaplas.C). On 925 TC, the FC has fallen from 64% down to 32%, the TC increased from 25% up to 60%, while the AC and other different C were of stable frequencies. The low frequency of AC has remained stable and it was not associated to HT. The associated HT (n = 97) were UFA in 60% to 13%, MFA (around {+-} 30%) and GB in 10% to 40% of cases. In conclusion, at 70 years since its introduction, the effect of iodide salt remains beneficent. Actually, the epidemiologic evolution described in 1963 by Walthard maintains. Due to the continues slope down of FC and up of PC in Berne during the period 1945 -1996 the general prognostication of TC continues to improve 16 years after the last augmentation of iodine in salt in Switzerland. The general decrease of UFA following the major correction of iodine deficit explains its less frequent association with the TC

MODELISATION DU RISQUE DANS LES METHODOLOGIES D'AUDIT : APPORT DE LA PSYCHOMETRIE

OpenAIRE

Mansour, Sadok

2007-01-01

Audit decision in risk situations was studied by researchers using normative and descriptive approaches issued from mathematics and economic sciences. We explain the impact of psycholgy resarch conduced by Kahneman and Tversky on the approach of auditors judgment. Key words : Decision, Judgment, Rationality, Heuristics.; Le thème de la décision en situation d'incertitude a été abordé par les recherches en audit en utilisant des approches normatives et descriptives issues des mathématiques et ...

Estimation de l'apport en mercure à partir de la consommation de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RevueSN

2Laboratoire Central pour l'Hygiène Alimentaire et l'Agro-industrie, LANADA, Ministère de la production animale et des ressources halieutiques, 04 .... Direction des Productions Halieutiques de Côte d'Ivoire (DPH) et celles du système de contrôle de l'environnement de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Les quantités ...

Pulmonary embolism: spiral CT evaluation; Embolie pulmonaire: apport de la tomodensitometrie helicoidale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Senac, J.P.; Vernhet, H.; Bousquet, C.; Giron, J.; Pieuchot, P.; Durand, G.; Benezet, O.; Aubas, P. [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 34 - Montpellier (France)

1995-06-01

Purpose: Spiral computed tomography was compared retrospectively with digital substraction pulmonary angiography (PA) in 45 patients suspected of having acute or chronic pulmonary embolism. Materials and method : 45 patients in whom the presence of acute or chronic pulmonary embolism was suspected underwent examination by spiral CT and PA. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was based on the direct visualization of intraluminal clots. The study of the agreement between the two methods was based on the Kappa test. In 35 cases, pulmonary emboli were proved. Acute pulmonary emboli were present in 28 cases and chronic in 7 cases. Results: Spiral computed tomography represents an excellent way to detect acute pulmonary embolism. In the chronic form, spiral CT is better than PA to detect intraluminal clots. However, Spiral CT can fail to detect small emboli in the peripheral arterial bed. In the 10 patients without pulmonary embolism, the spiral CT proved diagnosis pulmonary oedema (n=3), lymphangi-carcinoma (n=4), pleural effusion (n=3). Conclusion: This study suggest that the spiral CT examination is accurate for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism specifically in case of suspected important embolism. The advantages of spiral CT are multiple (non invasive, wide diagnosis spectrum). However, may be a limitation to is use is insufficient distal thrombi detection. This eventuality (5 to 10% in the Pioped study) justify the practice of pulmonary angiography. Spiral CT improvements should reduce this insufficiency in the next future. (Authors). 16 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

A pilot application of risk-based methods to establish in-service inspection priorities for nuclear components at Surry Unit 1 Nuclear Power Station

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vo, T.; Gore, B.; Simonen, F.; Doctor, S.

1994-08-01

As part of the Nondestructive Evaluation Reliability Program sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory is developing a method that uses risk-based approaches to establish in-service inspection plans for nuclear power plant components. This method uses probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) results and Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FEMA) techniques to identify and prioritize the most risk-important systems and components for inspection. The Surry Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 was selected for pilot applications of this method. The specific systems addressed in this report are the reactor pressure vessel, the reactor coolant, the low-pressure injection, and the auxiliary feedwater. The results provide a risk-based ranking of components within these systems and relate the target risk to target failure probability values for individual components. These results will be used to guide the development of improved inspection plans for nuclear power plants. To develop inspection plans, the acceptable level of risk from structural failure for important systems and components will be apportioned as a small fraction (i.e., 5%) of the total PRA-estimated risk for core damage. This process will determine target (acceptable) risk and target failure probability values for individual components. Inspection requirements will be set at levels to assure that acceptable failure probabilistics are maintained

Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography using a new gas management system; Digitale Subtraktionsangiographie mit Kohlendioxid unter Verwendung eines neuen Gasdosiersystems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitz-Rode, T.; Alzen, G.; Guenther, R.W. [Klinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitaetsklinikum der RWTH Aachen (Germany)

1997-07-01

Purpose: The clinical evaluation of digital subtraction angiography with carbon dioxide using a newly developed low-tech CO{sub 2}-dosage- and injection system. Method and patients: The hand-held system (CO{sub 2} angio set) consists of a dosage chamber in connection with a special stopcock to apportion the gas. By optimising injection volume and pressure steady gas flow characteristics are approximated. A safety design prevents unintentional gas injection volume and pressure steady gas flow characteristics are approximated. A safety design prevents unintentional gas injection. CO{sub 2} arteriographies were performed on 185 patients. Main indications were renal insufficiency and a history of adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media. In patients with femoral connula access, catheterless reflux angiography was performed. Results: The injection system provided complete and coherent visualisation of the abdominal aorta, visceral, pelvic, and lower limb arteries via catheter (71 cases) or via femoral cannula using reflux technique (114 cases). Stenoses, occlusions, and collaterals were assessable. Employing the gas reflux over the aortic bifurcation bilateral run-off studies up to the calf trifurcation were performed via unilateral femoral cannula. Use of a dedicated stacking software improved image quality of distal femoral, popliteal and calf arteries. Conclusion: The CO{sub 2} management system allows adequate imaging of the arteries below the diaphragm. Ease and safety of use and low costs are advantageous. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ziel: Die klinische Erprobung der digitalen Subtraktionsangiographie mit Kohlendioxid unter Verwendung eines neuentwickelten, einfachen Gasdosier- und Injektionssystems. Methode und Patienten: Eine Dosierkammer mit einstellbarem Volumen in Verbindung mit einem Spezial-Hahn (CO{sub 2}-Angio-Set) portioniert das Gas. Durch Optimierung von Injektionsvolumen und -druck wurde eine konstante Ausstroemcharakteristik angenaehert. Das System wurde

Construire un jeu éducatif en ligne, Asthme : 1, 2, 3 … Respirez!, pour sensibiliser les jeunes du secondaire aux problèmes de l'asthme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Louise Sauvé

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Dans le cadre d’une étude financée par le Conseil de recherche en sciences sociales et humaines (CRSH, 2008-2011, nous examinons l’efficacité d’un jeu éducatif en ligne sur l’apprentissage cognitif (structuration des connaissances et affectif (changement d'attitudes. Construit à partir des règles du jeu de société Parchési auxquelles plusieurs adaptations ont été apportées, le jeu Asthme : 1, 2, 3… Respirez! a été conçu pour s'inscrire dans le programme d’éducation à la santé pour les élèves du secondaire IV et V, âgés entre 15 et 17 ans. Dans cet article, nous présenterons brièvement les problèmes associés à l’asthme au Québec et au Canada. Ensuite, nous expliciterons l'apport des jeux éducatifs sur la structuration des connaissances et le changement d’attitudes ainsi que les paramètres d'apprentissage utilisés pour construire le jeu. Enfin, nous décrirons comment le jeu a été construit et la mise à l'essai réalisée avec 40 élèves pour évaluer son design, sa lisibilité pédagogique et sa convivialité.

Sensitivity Analysis in Agent-Based Models of Socio-Ecological Systems: An Example in Agricultural Land Conservation for Lake Water Quality Improvement

Science.gov (United States)

Ligmann-Zielinska, A.; Kramer, D. B.; Spence Cheruvelil, K.; Soranno, P.

2012-12-01

Socio-ecological systems are dynamic and nonlinear. To account for this complexity, we employ agent-based models (ABMs) to study macro-scale phenomena resulting from micro-scale interactions among system components. Because ABMs typically have many parameters, it is challenging to identify which parameters contribute to the emerging macro-scale patterns. In this paper, we address the following question: What is the extent of participation in agricultural land conservation programs given heterogeneous landscape, economic, social, and individual decision making criteria in complex lakesheds? To answer this question, we: [1] built an ABM for our model system; [2] simulated land use change resulting from agent decision making, [3] estimated the uncertainty of the model output, decomposed it and apportioned it to each of the parameters in the model. Our model system is a freshwater socio-ecological system - that of farmland and lake water quality within a region containing a large number of lakes and high proportions of agricultural lands. Our study focuses on examining how agricultural land conversion from active to fallow reduces freshwater nutrient loading and improves water quality. Consequently, our ABM is composed of farmer agents who make decisions related to participation in a government-sponsored Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) managed by the Farm Service Agency (FSA). We also include an FSA agent, who selects enrollment offers made by farmers and announces the signup results leading to land use change. The model is executed in a Monte Carlo simulation framework to generate a distribution of maps of fallow lands that are used for calculating nutrient loading to lakes. What follows is a variance-based sensitivity analysis of the results. We compute sensitivity indices for individual parameters and their combinations, allowing for identification of the most influential as well as the insignificant inputs. In the case study, we observe that farmland

La Crema: A case study of mutual fire insurance

OpenAIRE

Antonio Cabrales; Antoni Calvó; Matthew O. Jackson

2000-01-01

We analyze a mutual fire insurance mechanism used in Andorra, which is called La Crema in the local language. This mechanism relies on households' announced property values to determine how much a household is reimbursed in the case of a fire and how payments are apportioned among other households. The only Pareto-efficient al- location reachable through the mechanism requires that all house- holds honestly report the true value of their property. However, such honest reporting is not an equi...

1799-1999 Bicentenario dell'invenzione della Pila ad opera di Alessandro Volta - Evoluzione del sito

OpenAIRE

Montalbetti, Claudia

1998-01-01

In questo articolo sono riportate le modifiche apportate al sito Volta99, sito ufficiale delle celebrazioni per il bicentenario dell'invenzione della pila ad opera di Alessandro Volta. Indirizzo: http://www.cilea.it/volta99. Rispetto alla versione illustrata sul bollettino n.62 sono state introdotte due importanti novità: la versione italiana e la bibliografia delle fonti secondarie. Per questa modifica è risultato molto utile per la gestione e la velocità di inserimento la scelta fatta di ut...

C:\\Users\\AISA\\Desktop\\S. TRAORE.xps

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

été appliqués, à des périodes imposées par le niveau d'enherbement de la parcelle. « La cercosporiose » a été contrôlée par des ablations mécaniques des feuilles nécrosées. Une semaine après plantation, chaque plant a reçu 100 g de dolomie (CaMg(CO3)2), et 100 g six mois après le premier apport. Le phosphate.

Planning and Designing Effective Defence and Related Information Services: Conference Proceedings of the Technical Information Panel Specialists’ Meeting Held in Ankara, Turkey on 10-11 September 1986.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-04-01

Is Defense, en alant au-doll de ce qua peut apporter un simple repertoire, commae celul du DTIC aux Etats-Unis (5). ii counvient donc de dhvelopper...en consultation mais devront etre exclus du prit. Maits touts laide qua h’on apportersa Al’utilisaeur, celul -ci perdra besucoup do tampa I cee...mains quoun systme do guichat ivolui. come celul dont il a iti question plus haut, soit jug& prifirable. 8-5 2.3. Sources primaires. Touts information

Estimation of net ecosystem exchange at the Skukuza flux site, Kruger National Park, South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Nickless, A

2011-03-01

Full Text Available , Manlay R., Ngom D., Ntoupka M., Ouattara S., Savadogo P., Sawadogo L., Seghieri J.,Tiveau D. ?valuation de la productivit? et de la biomasse des savanes s?ches africaines : l?apport du collectif SAVAFOR. Bois et For?ts des Tropiques, 60... (citato 1 volta) UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNOPS United Nations Office for Project Services UR2PI Unit? de Recherche sur la Productivit? des Plantations Industrielles (ex CTFT) Key note speeches on Africa...

Management interculturel, altérité, et identités

CERN Document Server

Mutabazi, Evalde; Overveck Ottino, Saskia von; Pierre, Philippe

2014-01-01

Le management interculturel se fonde sur un effort permanent de remise en question de repères culturels acquis et ressentis comme universels. Ce livre s appuie sur des travaux de recherche et sur des témoignages d expériences pratiques, défend l urgence d un management interculturel au lieu d une gestion de la diversité risquant d assigner des individus à résidence identitaire, et intègre les apports de l ethnopsychanalyse.

Reserves' potential of sedimentary basin: modeling and estimation; Potentiel de reserves d'un bassin petrolier: modelisation et estimation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lepez, V

2002-12-01

The aim of this thesis is to build a statistical model of oil and gas fields' sizes distribution in a given sedimentary basin, for both the fields that exist in:the subsoil and those which have already been discovered. The estimation of all the parameters of the model via estimation of the density of the observations by model selection of piecewise polynomials by penalized maximum likelihood techniques enables to provide estimates of the total number of fields which are yet to be discovered, by class of size. We assume that the set of underground fields' sizes is an i.i.d. sample of unknown population with Levy-Pareto law with unknown parameter. The set of already discovered fields is a sub-sample without replacement from the previous which is 'size-biased'. The associated inclusion probabilities are to be estimated. We prove that the probability density of the observations is the product of the underlying density and of an unknown weighting function representing the sampling bias. An arbitrary partition of the sizes' interval being set (called a model), the analytical solutions of likelihood maximization enables to estimate both the parameter of the underlying Levy-Pareto law and the weighting function, which is assumed to be piecewise constant and based upon the partition. We shall add a monotonousness constraint over the latter, taking into account the fact that the bigger a field, the higher its probability of being discovered. Horvitz-Thompson-like estimators finally give the conclusion. We then allow our partitions to vary inside several classes of models and prove a model selection theorem which aims at selecting the best partition within a class, in terms of both Kuilback and Hellinger risk of the associated estimator. We conclude by simulations and various applications to real data from sedimentary basins of four continents, in order to illustrate theoretical as well as practical aspects of our model. (author)

Caucasus and the petroleum stakes of Caspian Sea; Le Caucase et les enjeux petroliers de la Mer Caspienne

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jalillosoltan, N. [Universite de Franche Comte, 25 - Montbeliard (France); Faculte de Droit de Besancon, 25 (France)

2001-07-01

The splitting of the former USSR block in 1991 has generated a shock wave in the Caucasus area with the will of all ex-soviet republics to reach their complete independence. Because of the historical and geographical complexity of Caucasus, both geopolitical and human, this disorder has generated even more hazardous results, enhanced by the coveted oil and gas reserves of the Caspian Sea. This article analyses the petroleum stakes as factors of rivalry and instability (sovereignty of oil and gas fields, rivalries about the exploitation and transport of hydrocarbons), but also as factors of cooperation and re-composition. (J.S.)

The world petroleum market in 2007. DIREM analysis; Le marche petrolier mondial en 2007. Analyse de la DIREM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-07-01

2007: the world is becoming used to a high oil price. With an average price of 72.6 US$ per barrel for the ICE Brent, the crude rates show a 9.8% rise with respect to the 2006 ones (66.11 US$/b) following the 20% rise observed in 2006. Price rates show a sawtooth evolution but with a general rise over the full year. Thanks to a US$ change rate favorable to the euro, the 2007 average is of 52.76 euro/b with respect to 52.65 euro/b in 2006. At the end of the year 2007 the barrel price reached 93.85 US$/b with respect to 60.86 US$/b at the end of 2006. The document analyses the impact of these high prices on the economies of oil-consuming and oil-producing countries. It presents the 2007 highlights of the main OPEC countries (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Venezuela, Iraq, Nigeria, Angola), and then analyses the international quotations of petroleum products on the Rotterdam market and the prices of petroleum products in France. (J.S.)

"We're Changing Our Ways": Women's Coping Strategies for Obesity Risk-reducing Behaviors in American Indian Households.

Science.gov (United States)

Gadhoke, Preety; Christiansen, Karina; Pardilla, Marla; Frick, Kevin; Gittelsohn, Joel

2015-01-01

This article reveals women caregivers' perceptions and coping strategies to improve households' food and physical activity habits. Results emerged from the pre-intervention formative research phase of a multi-site, multi-level obesity prevention pilot intervention on American Indian (AI) reservations. Using purposive sampling, 250 adults and children participated in qualitative research. Results reveal that having local institutional support was a key structural facilitator. 'Family connectedness' emerged as a key relational facilitator. Hegemony of systems, food deserts, transportation, and weather were key structural barriers; Childcare needs and time constraints were key relational barriers. Women's coping strategies included planning ahead, maximizing, apportioning, tempting healthy, and social support. Findings informed the development and implementation of a novel obesity prevention pilot intervention tailored for each participating AI community addressing culturally relevant messages, institutional policies, and programs. We conclude with future consideration for comparative, ethnicity-based, class-based, and gender-specific studies on women's coping strategies for household health behaviors.

Complémentarité et équilibre de l’apport alimentaire en protéines et en lipides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belleville Jacques

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The nature and level of dietary protein is liable to influence cholesterol and essential fatty acid (EFA metabolism. Dietary vegetable protein, particularly the undigested fraction, decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption, increases the faecal excretion of steroids, and enhances the catabolism of cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins by increasing the activity or number of LDL receptors. However, the hypocholesterolemic effect of protein may be due to the presence of non-protein components and hence the purity degree of the selected protein, and the concomitant addition or not of cholesterol. Dietary proteins with different amino acid composition may modulate the secretion of hormones (e.g. glucagon and insulin, which in turn may modify the activity of enzymes responsible for cholesterol metabolism (e.g. HMG-CoA reductase, 7alpha-hydroxylase, lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis (e.g. Delta5 and Delta6-desaturases. PUFA affect membrane fluidity and the synthesis of eicosanoids: prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Protein deficiency affects severely the PUFA amounts, particularly arachidonic and EPA acids which are precursors of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and the possible consequences of their diminution may be an underlying cause of some of the common clinical symptoms in protein malnutrition, such as hair loss, dry scaly dermatitis and increased water permeability. Protein deficiency may thus increase the EFA requirement and precipitate marginal EFA deficiency. The dietary protein level may also influence the efficiency of antioxidant system and/or the release of reactive oxygen species. Tissue lipid peroxidation could be markedly enhanced by feeding low-protein diets, probably due to a depressed efficiency of antioxidative enzyme activities.

Cien años de soledad, de Gabriel García Márquez. La solitude ontologique d'un monde sans transcendance.

OpenAIRE

Gladieu , Marie-Madeleine

2010-01-01

Gabriel García Márquez dans son roman Cent ans de solitude présente toute une lignée de personnages qui déambulent au fil de l'histoire pouvant laisser croire dans une premier temps en une apparente chaîne de solidarité qui se délite sous le poids de la mémoire et des événements historiques et ne laissant aucune transcendance qui pourrait apporter une consolation à la solitude absolue de Macondo.

Analysis of power wheeling services

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tepel, R.C.; Jewell, W.; Johnson, R.; Maddigan, R.

1986-11-01

Purpose of this study is to examine existing wheeling arrangements to determine the terms of the agreements, to analyze the terms relative to regulatory goals, and finally, to suggest ways in which the arrangements can be modified to lead to outcomes more closely in line with the goals. The regulatory goals that are considered are: Does the arrangement meet the revenue requirement of the wheeling firm. Is efficient use promoted. Are the costs fairly apportioned. And, is the arrangement practical and feasible to implement.

Paroles de chef : modèles communicationnels d’une organisation professionnelle

OpenAIRE

Stengel, Kilien

2016-01-01

Dans un restaurant, communiquer correspond à informer la clientèle, dialoguer avec elle, collaborer avec les équipes, et diffuser une image du restaurant, des mets et du chef. La communication apparente du chef de cuisine précise le lien qui existe entre lui et son personnel, lui et les clients, lui et les fournisseurs, et plus rarement entre lui et les médias ou supports de communication. Apportant la communication organisationnelle, formelle et normative, auprès de ses subalternes comme de ...

La représentation cartographique de l'île de la Réunion du XVIIe au XIXe siècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Louis GUÉBOURG

1991-06-01

Full Text Available Du XVIIe au XIXe siècle, la représentation cartographique de l’île de la Réunion a été souvent indigente avant que ne se manifestent, avec retard, les progrès techniques apportés par le calcul précis de la longitude et la triangulation. Deux siècles seront nécessaires pour passer d’une expression cartographique imaginaire puis erronée à une représentation correcte reprise par la cartographie moderne.

Yankaya Dilek, La nouvelle bourgeoisie islamique. Le modèle turc, Presses universitaires de France, coll. Proche Orient, 2013, 216 p.

OpenAIRE

Özatalay , Cem

2014-01-01

International audience; Paru en mars 2013, le livre de Dilek Yankaya intitulé La nouvelle bourgeoisie islamique. Le modèle turc apporte une contribution remarquable pour comprendre les dynamiques sociales qui sous-tendent la polarisation politique et culturelle qui marque tout autant l’histoire récente de la Turquie que les événements de Gezi. En mettant en lumière les aspirations et la conscience de classe de la bourgeoisie islamique en formation, Yankaya essaie de montrer dans son ouvrage c...

Conclusion du titre II

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Minh Hang

2013-01-01

La qualification de la conciliation et de la médiation judiciaires en contrats de pourparlers judiciaires emporte d’importantes conséquences. 216. Consécration d’une nouvelle famille de contrats : les contrats de pourparlers judiciaires - Elle consacre tout d’abord une nouvelle famille de contrats : les contrats de pourparlers judiciaires. Ce faisant, elle apporte une pierre supplémentaire à l’édifice des figures hybrides qui mêlent le conventionnel et le judiciaire. 217. Les contrats de pour...

Evaluation de l'efficacité vis-à-vis du ruissellement de surface et des transferts latéraux dans le sol de différentes options de gestion utilisant (ou non) un couvert enherbé : Application en vue de limiter la contamination des eaux par les pesticides dans le contexte du Beaujolais viticole de coteaux

OpenAIRE

Gouy, V.; Peyrard, X.; Liger, L.

2015-01-01

/ Cette étude apporte des éléments de réponse aux questions suivantes dans le contexte du Nord Beaujolais : - dans quelle mesure une zone tampon enherbée rivulaire recevant un ruissellement concentré de surface est-elle capable de réduire significativement le transfert des pesticides associés sans engendrer une contamination de nappe sous-jacente ? - dans quelle mesure une infiltration en amont en parcelle de vigne peut-elle contribuer à l'atténuation des transferts de pesticides ou engendrer...

Health Law 2015: Individuals and Populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Jacobson, Peter D; Dahlen, Rachel

2016-12-01

In this article, we assess two particular trends in judicial doctrine that are likely to emerge in the post-ACA era. The first trend is the inevitable emergence of enterprise medical liability (EML) that will supplant tort law's unstable attempt to apportion liability between physicians and institutions. Arguments favoring EML in health law date back to the early 1980s. But health care's ongoing consolidation suggests that the time has arrived for courts or state legislatures to develop legal doctrine that more closely resembles the ways in which health care is now delivered. This would result in a more appropriate allocation of liability to the institutional level. The second judicial trend will be the convergence of health law and public health law concepts. Because the ACA arguably stimulates closer engagement between health systems and public health departments, health systems will have greater responsibility for keeping their communities healthy along with obligations for individual patient care (i.e., individuals and populations). If so, courts will need to incorporate elements from health law and public health law in resolving disputes. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

Status on the Development of a Modeling and Simulation Framework for the Economic Assessment of Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon Michelle [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Rabiti, Cristian [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Kinoshita, Robert Arthur [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Kim, Jong Suk [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Deason, Wesley Ray [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Boardman, Richard Doin [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Garcia, Humberto E. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

2015-09-01

capability will be needed in the future to enforce the stochastic constraints on the electric demand coverage from the NHES. The development team gained experience with many of the tools that are currently envisioned for use in the economic analysis of NHES and completed several important steps. Given the complexity of the project, preference has been given to a structural approach in which several independent efforts have been used to build the cornerstone of the simulation framework. While this is good approach in establishing such a complex framework, it may delay reaching more complete results on the performance of analyzed system configurations. The integration of the previously reported exergy analysis approach was initially proposed as part of this milestone. However, in reality, the exergy-based apportioning of cost will take place only in a second stage of the implementation since it will be used to properly allocate cost among the different NHES subsystems. Therefore, exergy does not appear at the level of the main drivers in the analysis framework; the latter development of the base framework is the focus of this report.

Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: an annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Guangsheng; Pan, Shufen; Hayes, Daniel J.; Tian, Hanqin

2017-08-01

Plantation forest area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) ranked second among the world's nations in the land area apportioned to forest plantation. As compared to the naturally regenerated forests, plantation forests demonstrate significant differences in biophysical characteristics, and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles as a result of more intensive management practices. Inventory data have been reported for multiple time periods on plot, state, and regional scales across the CONUS, but the requisite annual and spatially explicit plantation data set over a long-term period for analysis of the role of plantation management on regional or national scales is lacking. Through synthesis of multiple inventory data sources, this study developed methods to spatialize the time series plantation forest and tree species distribution data for the CONUS over the 1928-2012 time period. According to this new data set, plantation forest area increased from near zero in the 1930s to 268.27 thousand km2 in 2012, accounting for 8.65 % of the total forestland area in the CONUS. Regionally, the South contained the highest proportion of plantation forests, accounting for about 19.34 % of total forestland area in 2012. This time series and gridded data set developed here can be readily applied in regional Earth system modeling frameworks for assessing the impacts of plantation management practices on forest productivity, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, and N2O) and water fluxes on regional or national scales. The gridded plantation distribution and tree species maps, and the interpolated state-level annual tree planting area and plantation area during 1928-2012, are available from PANGAEA.873558" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873558.

Les perspectives nutritionnelles offertes par les OGM en alimentation humaine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pascal Gérard

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Une étude des brevets récents, des publications scientifiques ainsi que des documents présentant les projets des firmes de biotechnologie constituent la base de cet article qui présente les perspectives de développement en alimentation humaine des organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM présentant un intérêt nutritionnel. Si l’on trouve dans les brevets et les publications scientifiques des applications qui concernent l’amélioration ou l’enrichissement de la composition en macro- et micronutriments, ces applications restent curieusement à l’état de projets, très loin de la mise sur le marché. Les critiques aussi bien que les louanges dont sont l’objet les rares cas dont on pourrait envisager une mise en œuvre à moyen terme, comme le « riz doré », sont aussi injustifiées et excessives les unes que les autres. Les violentes polémiques autour des OGM risquent de handicaper le développement d’une technique puissante, qui n’est certes pas indispensable pour apporter une solution à l’éradication de la faim dans le monde, mais qui peut apporter des améliorations à la nutrition des populations, aussi bien des populations des pays en développement que des pays développés.

Nature and sources of particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the atmospheric environment of an urban area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Callén, M.S.; López, J.M.; Iturmendi, A.; Mastral, A.M.

2013-01-01

The total PAH associated to the airborne particulate matter (PM10) was apportioned by one receptor model based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) in an urban environment (Zaragoza city, Spain) during February 2010–January 2011. Four sources associated with coal combustion, gasoline, vehicular and stationary emissions were identified, allowing a good modelling of the total PAH (R 2 = 0.99). A seasonal behaviour of the four factors was obtained with higher concentrations in the cold season. The NE direction was one of the predominant directions showing the negative impact of industrial parks, a paper factory and a highway located in that direction. Samples were classified according to hierarchical cluster analysis obtaining that, episodes with the most negative impact on human health (the highest lifetime cancer risk concentrations), were produced by a higher contribution of stationary and vehicular emissions in winter season favoured by high relative humidity, low temperature and low wind speed. -- Highlights: ► PMF receptor model apportioned four sources associated to the total PAH in Zaragoza. ► The sources were: vehicular, coal combustion, gasoline and stationary emissions. ► Samples were additionally classified according to hierarchical cluster analysis. ► The stationary and vehicular emissions factors showed higher risk for human health. ► Low temperature, wind speed and high relative humidity favoured this negative impact. -- Episodes with the most negative impact on human health regarding PAH were produced by a higher contribution of stationary and vehicular emissions in winter season

Aerosol composition and sources in the central Arctic Ocean during ASCOS

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, R. Y.-W.; Leck, C.; Graus, M.; Müller, M.; Paatero, J.; Burkhart, J. F.; Stohl, A.; Orr, L. H.; Hayden, K.; Li, S.-M.; Hansel, A.; Tjernström, M.; Leaitch, W. R.; Abbatt, J. P. D.

2011-10-01

Measurements of submicron aerosol chemical composition were made over the central Arctic Ocean from 5 August to 8 September 2008 as a part of the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) using an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). The median levels of sulphate and organics for the entire study were 0.051 and 0.055 μ g m-3, respectively. Positive matrix factorisation was performed on the entire mass spectral time series and this enabled marine biogenic and continental sources of particles to be separated. These factors accounted for 33% and 36% of the sampled ambient aerosol mass, respectively, and they were both predominantly composed of sulphate, with 47% of the sulphate apportioned to marine biogenic sources and 48% to continental sources, by mass. Within the marine biogenic factor, the ratio of methane sulphonate to sulphate was 0.25 ± 0.02, consistent with values reported in the literature. The organic component of the continental factor was more oxidised than that of the marine biogenic factor, suggesting that it had a longer photochemical lifetime than the organics in the marine biogenic factor. The remaining ambient aerosol mass was apportioned to an organic-rich factor that could have arisen from a combination of marine and continental sources. In particular, given that the factor does not correlate with common tracers of continental influence, we cannot rule out that the organic factor arises from a primary marine source.

Principales lignes structurales du Maroc nord-oriental : apport de la gravimétrie

Science.gov (United States)

Chennouf, Touria; Khattach, Driss; Milhi, Abdellah; Andrieux, Pierre; Keating, Pierre

2007-05-01

The present work is based on various filtered maps (horizontal derivative, upward continuation) and Euler deconvolution of the gravity data from northeastern Morocco. These results allow the delineation of many geological structures, such as faults, basins, or diapirs. Some of these structures are hidden totally or partially by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover. The results were used to make a structural map of the study area; this map confirms the existence of several faults, localised or inferred, from former geological studies. It complements information on some of them and outlines a great number of deep or near-surface faults that had remained unknown until the present time. The major features show two principal directions: N080°-085° and N055°-065°, with a predominance of the latter, and their depth can reach 4500 m. The N080°-085° directions correspond to the Kebdana, Sidi Bouhouria, Naima, and Guefait faults, and the N055°-065° directions correspond to a fault parallel to the Mediterranean coast and the Moulouya, Madagh, Angad, and Zekkara faults.

LUTTE CONTRE LE CANCER AU MAROC - L’APPORT DE LA FONDATION LALLA SALMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rachid BEKKALI

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Depuis la création de la Fondation Lalla Salma le 22 novembre 2005, la lutte contre le cancer au Maroc est devenue une priorité de santé publique. A cet effet, la Fondation et le Ministère de la Santé ont développé le Plan National de Prévention et de Contrôle du Cancer 2010-2019. Dans ce cadre, la Fondation mène des actions dans les domaines de la sensibilisation, de la prévention, de la détection précoce et de l’accès aux soins. De plus, la Fondation développe des activités de solidarité sociale par la construction de "Maisons de vie" pour les patients et leurs proches, la création d’un réseau de bénévoles à travers le Royaume, le développement des soins palliatifs à domicile et le soutien scolaire des orphelins du cancer.Sous le leadership de Son Altesse Royale La Princesse Lalla Salma, La Fondation mobilise les fonds nécessaires, coordonne les différentes actions et fédère les différents intervenants dans la lutte contre le cancer.En tant qu’Ambassadrice de bonne volonté de l'OMS pour la promotion de la prévention et des soins du cancer, Son Altesse Royale a aussi un rôle important dans la plaidoirie pour la lutte contre le cancer dans le monde, et soutient plusieurs pays africains pour la mise en place de programmes de prévention et de contrôle du cancer et d’accès aux médicaments.

L'apport de l'imagerie dans le diagnostic de la tu- berculose uro ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

D'où le concours de l'imagerie dans le diagnostic et la mise en route du traitement médical. ... tère lombaire selon la technique de Boari. Le ... La sérologie VIH était négative. Les suites ... la recherche de BK (uroculture) s'est révélé positif ; la ...

Identité et cognition : apports de la psychologie et de la neuroscience cognitives

OpenAIRE

Brédart, Serge; Van der Linden, Martial

2012-01-01

Accessible même aux non-spécialistes, cet ouvrage exhaustif et pluridisciplinaire offre un panorama actuel des connaissances sur la conscience de soi. Il décrit les différentes facettes de la conscience de soi et présente les résultats principaux des études ayant exploré les relations entre la conscience de soi, la perception, l’attention, l’action, les émotions, la mémoire autobiographique, la projection mentale dans le futur et l’identité. Rédigé par des neuropsychologues, des neurologues e...

Influence d'un apport fractionné en potassium et en azote sur la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 oct. 2015 ... Influence of a fractional contribution in potassium and nitrogen on the ... dependence for this fruit-vegetable in view of its high demand by consumers. ... Journal of Applied Biosciences 94:8789 – 8800 ... fertilité des sols et de minimiser les impacts sur .... une répétition. ...... Effects of different levels of urea on.

Effects of Source-Apportioned Coarse Particulate Matter (PM) on Allergic Responses in Mice

Science.gov (United States)

The Cleveland Multiple Air Pollutant Study (CMAPS) is one of the first comprehensive studies conducted to evaluate particulate matter (PM) over local and regional scales. Cleveland and the nearby Ohio River Valley impart significant regional sources of air pollution including coa...

Assurer l'apport des pays du Sud à l'action mondiale | CRDI - Centre ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 juin 2016 ... ... des chaînes d'approvisionnement et des systèmes d'information –, la Commission recommande 10 mesures précises en lien avec d'autres initiatives de renforcement des systèmes de santé global. Il est essentiel d'établir de tels liens, car les produits ne représentent qu'une infime partie d'un système de ...

Community benefits from offshore renewables: The relationship between different understandings of impact, community, and benefit

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rudolph, David Philipp; Haggett, Claire; Aitken, Mhairi

2018-01-01

This paper presents the findings of a research project evaluating community benefit models for offshore renewables. We identify and analyse UK and international case studies of different forms of community benefit, and provide evidence of how such benefits are delivered. In particular we consider......, and impact are understood is crucial in determining whether or how benefits should be apportioned and delivered; and that these definitions are closely connected to each other. We develop a new series of typologies as a way to understand this. Finally, we assess different mechanisms and schemes of community...

Focus - Mise en place d’un réseau expérimental sur la réhabilitation des zones humides dans le Finistère

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DAUSSE, Armel

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Pour juger de l’efficacité des actions menées et des gains apportés par les travaux de réhabilitation des zones humides, la mise en place d’un suivi le plus pertinent possible est nécessaire. Focus sur l'action du réseau expérimental de réhabilitation des zones humides du Finistère mis en place pour développer un suivi scientifique pluridisciplinaire ambitieux sur des sites pilotes faisant l’objet de travaux de réhabilitation.

Feminicidio / femicidio : les enjeux théoriques et politiques d’un discours définitoire de la violence contre les femmes

OpenAIRE

Lapalus, Marylène

2016-01-01

Cet article s’intéresse au travail de reformulation discursive et définitoire des violences contre les femmes par les intellectuelles latino-américaines, au Mexique et au Costa Rica, depuis vingt ans. Il se donne comme objectif d’identifier les stratégies définitoires utilisées par les concepts de femicidio et feminicidio pour dénoncer, conceptualiser et politiser la violence vécue, en particulier dans l’espace intime. En combinant les apports de la réflexion sociologique et linguistique, cet...

Le logement social urbain et la dynamique spatiale. Stratégie des acteurs décideurs à Oran (1990-2000)

OpenAIRE

Said, Aïmène

2013-01-01

Le constat établi depuis plus d’une décennie, sur la ville d’Oran, fait état d’un mouvement de développement urbain assez intense. Cette dynamique urbaine bien que périphérique se caractérise par une production massive de logements. Avec ses diverses configurations immobilières, le logement social tient une place centrale dans cette production, pour devenir et de loin, le premier consommateur foncier. Notre article tente de suivre l’apport des filières de logement social dans le tracé urbain....

Le succès du web 2.0 : histoire, techniques et controverse.

OpenAIRE

Le Deuff , Olivier

2007-01-01

The success of Web 2.0 requires an analysis to delimit a word which borders are confused. We try here to found some explanations on this phenomenon.; Le succès du web 2.0 nécessite une analyse afin de tenter de définir un terme fortement employé depuis quelques mois mais dont il est très difficile de déterminer les frontières tant théoriques que techniques. Nous tentons ici d'apporter quelques éclaircissements sur ce phénomène.

L'intégration des TIC dans un environnement éducatif conditionné par le système du 'spoon-feeding.'

OpenAIRE

Saurty , Krishnah Moortee

2013-01-01

Cet article prend son essence dans un projet pédagogique dont la préoccupation est de renforcer les savoirs notamment à travers le concept d'apprentissage intégrant les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (Tic) afin de développer des actions éducatives pouvant apporter des réponses réelles aux principes du 'spoon-feeding', véritable pilier du système éducatif mauricien s'appuyant sur le contenu du savoir disciplinaire et conditionnant l'apprenant dans sa capacité à développer...

Prise en charge des RCIU d'origine placentaire avant 32 semaines d'aménorrhée. Enquête nationale sur les pratiques françaises

OpenAIRE

Patte , Charlotte

2013-01-01

Non disponible / Not available; Introduction : Bien qu'étant la première cause de morbidité et de mortalité périnatale, leRetard de Croissance Intra Utérin (RCIU) reste une pathologie obstétricale complexe dans son diagnostic et sa prise en charge. Le RCIU d'origine placentaire est un processus pathologique consistant en une altération de la croissance due à un dysfonctionnement placentaire, avec défaut chronique d'apports au foetus. Il n'existe actuellement pas de possibilité de prise en cha...

L’Institut français de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer (IFREMER)

OpenAIRE

2014-01-01

Note portant sur l’auteur L’Institut français de recherche scientifique pour le développement en coopération (ORSTOM) et le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) sont deux organismes français de recherche qui œuvrent au Brésil depuis plus de vingt ans. Cette contribution permet de faire connaître l’éventail des recherches entreprises et leurs aspects originaux ainsi que les résultats obtenus, les apports et les profits mutuels, en deux mot...

Épidémiologie de la cercosporiose de la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.) en République de Côte-d'Ivoire: étude de quelques étapes du cycle épidémiologique

OpenAIRE

Savary , Serge

1983-01-01

La cercosporiose de la laitue, due à #Cercospora longissima$ Sacc., est responsable de pertes considérables en Côte d'Ivoire. Cette étude apporte des précisions sur quelques étapes du cycle du parasite. En l'absence de rotations culturales, l'inoculum primaire semble provenir au moins en partie du sol, sous une forme qui reste à déterminer. Il paraît être disséminé par effet de rejaillissement des gouttes d'eau de pluie ou d'arrosage contre le sol, sur les feuilles ("splashing"). Les conidies...

Spacing grids for a fuel pencil bundle in a nuclear reactor assembly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feutrel, Claude.

1977-01-01

This invention relates to the lattices forming the spacing of a bundle of clad fuel pencils in a nuclear reactor assembly, particularly in a water cooled or fast reactor, the purpose of such lattices being to maintain these pencils parallel with respect to each other and according to a given lattice arrangement, whilst also providing these pencils with a flexible support according to different successive areas apportioned with their length in order to present them from vibrating under the effect of the circulation of a liquid coolant environment flowing in contact with these pencils [fr

Analyse de Langues et cultures - Les TIC, enseignement et apprentissage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Élisabeth Brodin

2006-04-01

Full Text Available 1. Introduction Cet ouvrage constitue les actes du colloque des IUFM (Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres de décembre 2003, intitulé "Quelles nouvelles perspectives pour l'enseignement / apprentissage des langues et cultures ?" On peut déplorer a priori que le titre du livre, au demeurant ambitieux, et le sous-titre ne reprennent pas la question des nouvelles perspectives apportées par les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC à l'enseignement des langues e...

Caractérisation phénotypique technologique et moléculaire d’isolats de bactéries lactiques de laits crus recueillis dans les régions de l’Ouest Algérien. Essai de fabrication de fromage frais type «Jben. »

OpenAIRE

BENDIMERAD, Nahida

2013-01-01

Les bactéries lactiques (LAB) sont capables de fermenter de nombreux produits animaux et végétaux, produisant entre autres des acides, des composés aromatiques comme le diacétyl et des polysaccharides participant à l’aspect, la texture et la flaveur du produit fermenté. Pour les produits laitiers, les LAB fermentant le lait peuvent être apportées par le lait, et/ ou les récipients servant à la fermentation, et/ou des levains. L’industrialisation croissante de la production de p...

La carte scolaire et son assouplissement

OpenAIRE

Merle, Pierre

2014-01-01

Cet article a pour objet l'étude de la politique d’assouplissement de la carte scolaire mise en œuvre à partir de la rentrée scolaire 2007. Cette politique poursuit officiellement deux objectifs : apporter une plus grande liberté de choix de l’établissement aux parents ; favoriser la mixité sociale. L’étude de cette politique repose, dans un premier temps, sur l’analyse de la réalisation formelle des objectifs poursuivis (notamment la comparaison des anciens et nouveaux critères de dérogation...

Potential health and environmental hazards of uranium mine wastes. Volume 3. Appendixes. Report to the congress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-01-01

Contents include: summary of federal laws potentially affecting uranium mining; federal water programs and right activities; congressionally approved compacts that apportion water; state laws, regulations, and guides for uranium mining; active uranium mines in the United States; inactive uranium mines in the United States; general observations of uranium mine sites in Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming; influence of mine drainage on seepage to groundwater and surface water outflow; computation of mass emission factors for wind erosion; aquatic dosimetry and health effects models and parameter values; Airborne pathway modeling; and health risk assessment methodology

Pendulum : une extension réactive pour la programmation Web en OCaml

OpenAIRE

El Sibaïe , Rémy; Chailloux , Emmanuel

2016-01-01

International audience; La programmation des interactions des différents composants d'une application Web est devenue particulièrement complexe tant au niveau de la conception que de la mise au point. Peu de garanties peuvent être apportées sur la coordination des interactions internes et les réactions aux événements externes reposant sur le modèle de concurrence de JavaScript. Il devient alors nécessaire de proposer un modèle de concurrence simple améliorant cette situation. Dans ce cadre, c...

Henri Boyer, De l’autre côté du discours. Recherche sur les représentations communautaires

OpenAIRE

Gafitescu, Mihaela

2008-01-01

Largement répandue en sciences humaines et sociales, la notion de représentation est riche de tous les apports des domaines qui la revendiquent : sociologie, psychologie sociale, philosophie, sciences du langage, sciences de la communication, etc. C’est justement cette disponibilité qui la rend complexe et difficile à décrire en termes mesurables. Henri Boyer ne se contente pourtant pas de décrire et d’ordonner sa transversalité. Il propose des éclairages théoriques et méthodologiques permett...

Le dernier demi-siècle et les publications historiographiques alsaciennes

OpenAIRE

Vogler, Bernard

2012-01-01

La contribution étudie le rôle occupé par l’Institut d’Histoire d’Alsace à Strasbourg entre 1976 et 2003 et analyse les principaux  centres d’intérêt de l’historiographie récente : les effets de quatre changements de nationalité et de langue entre 1871 et 1945, les biographies collectives et individuelles, l’apport des historiens allemands et anglo-saxons. The feature studies the part occupied by the Institute of Alsatian History in Strasbourg between 1976 and 2003, and analyses the most i...

La population de l'Iran en 1986, entre les conflits irakien et afghan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernard HOURCADE

1988-03-01

Full Text Available Entre 1976 et 1986, l'Iran a gagné 16 millions d'habitants, en raison d'un taux de croissance démographique élevé. Des faits nouveaux apparaissent: l'apport des réfugiés afghans, la croissance périphérique accélérée des villes sur le modèle de Téhéran, une alphabétisation en progrès. Enfin, pour la première fois, la population urbaine dépasse la population rurale.

Fish communities in man-made lakes = Peuplements ichtyologiques des lacs de barrage

OpenAIRE

Jackson, P.N.B.; Marshall, B.E.; Paugy, Didier

1988-01-01

Il existe actuellement des réservoirs artificiels sur de nombreuses rivières africaines. Leur construction a modifié les conditions écologiques (facteurs édaphiques, apports en éléments nutritifs) et changé la composition des peuplements ichtyologiques ... Le barrage lui-même peut être un obstacle pour des poissons tels que les anguilles ou les mulets migrants depuis la mer et entraîner la disparition des espèces en amont ... Les lacs de barrage ont une vaste zone pélagique favorable au déve...

Analysis and modelling of the fuels european market; Analyse et modelisation des prix des produits petroliers combustibles en europe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simon, V

1999-04-01

The research focus on the European fuel market prices referring to the Rotterdam and Genoa spot markets as well the German, Italian and French domestic markets. The thesis try to explain the impact of the London IPE future market on spot prices too. The mainstream research has demonstrated that co-integration seems to be the best theoretical approach to investigate the long run equilibrium relations. A particular attention will be devoted to the structural change in the econometric modelling on these equilibriums. A deep analysis of the main European petroleum products markets permit a better model specification concerning each of these markets. Further, we will test if any evidence of relations between spot and domestic prices could be confirmed. Finally, alternative scenarios will be depicted to forecast prices in the petroleum products markets. The objective is to observe the model reaction to changes crude oil prices. (author)

Thermochemical sulfate reduction in deep petroleum reservoirs: a molecular approach; Thermoreduction des sulfates dans les reservoirs petroliers: approche moleculaire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanin, S.

2002-11-01

The thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) is a set of chemical reactions leading to hydrocarbon oxidation and production of carbon dioxide and sour gas (H{sub 2}S) which is observed in deep petroleum reservoirs enriched in anhydrites (calcium sulfate). Molecular and isotopic studies have been conducted on several crude oil samples to determine which types of compounds could have been produced during TSR. Actually, we have shown that the main molecules formed by TSR were organo-sulfur compounds. Indeed, sulfur isotopic measurements. of alkyl-di-benzothiophenes, di-aryl-disulfides and thia-diamondoids (identified by NMR or synthesis of standards) shows that they are formed during TSR as their value approach that of the sulfur of the anhydrite. Moreover, thia-diamondoids are apparently exclusively formed during this phenomenon and can thus be considered as true molecular markers of TSR. In a second part, we have investigated with laboratory experiments the formation mechanism of the molecules produced during TSR. A first model has shown that sulfur incorporation into the organic matter occurred with mineral sulfur species of low oxidation degree. The use of {sup 34}S allowed to show that the sulfates reduction occurred during these simulations. At least, some experiments on polycyclic hydrocarbons, sulfurized or not, allowed to establish that thia-diamondoids could be formed by acid-catalysed rearrangements at high temperatures in a similar way as the diamondoids. (author)

Genetic stock identification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar populations in the southern part of the European range

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

McGinnity Philip

2010-04-01

boundaries, allowing reporting regions to be defined. The implications of these results on the accuracy of MSA are evaluated and indicate that the success of MSA is not uniform across the range studied; our findings indicate large differences in the relative accuracy of stock composition estimates and MSA apportioning across the geographical range of the study, with a much higher degree of accuracy achieved when assigning and apportioning to populations in the south of the area studied. This result probably reflects the more genetically distinct nature of populations in the database from Spain, northwest France and southern England. Genetic stock identification has been undertaken and validation of the baseline microsatellite dataset with rod-and-line and estuary net fisheries of known origin has produced realistic estimates of stock composition at a regional scale. Conclusions This southern European database and supporting phylogeographic and mixed-stock analyses of net samples provide a unique tool for Atlantic salmon research and management, in both their natal rivers and the marine environment. However, the success of MSA is not uniform across the area studied, with large differences in the relative accuracy of stock composition estimates and MSA apportioning, with a much higher degree of accuracy achieved when assigning and apportioning to populations in the south of the region. More broadly, this study provides a basis for long-term salmon management across the region and confirms the value of this genetic approach for fisheries management of anadromous species.

Diffusion in the plutonium zirconium system; Diffusion dans le systeme plutonium zirconium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lauthier, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-01-15

Research on the compound PuZr{sub 2}: It cannot be obtained by a direct synthesis. We suppose that its formation is due to an oxygen amount which enhances diffusion processes by a contribution of bound extrinsic vacancies. This investigation which concerned a great range of alloys (from 15 to 50 at per cent Pu) has led us to point out the nature of the isothermal transformation. It takes place at 615 deg. + 5 deg. C and is of the peritectoid type. Pu {epsilon} (bcc) + Zr {alpha} (hex) {r_reversible} Pu {delta} (f. cc) Diffusion in hexagonal phase: Diffusion coefficients have been determined from couples made of Pu Zr dilute alloys (1.15 and 0.115 at per cent Pu) and of pure zirconium; these couples have been annealed between 700 and 840 deg. C from 1000 to 3000 hours. The curves C = f(x) were plotted by X ray microanalysis and a autoradiography. They have been analysed assuming that the diffusion coefficient was constant. Our results are the following: D Zr Pu (1.15 % = 11.1 exp (-65000/RT) and D Zr Pu (0.115 %) 0.1 exp (-54000/RT). (author) [French] Recherche du compose PuZr2: II ne peut etre obtenu par synthese directe. Nous pensons que sa formation est liee a la presence d'oxygene, qui, par son apport de lacunes extrinseques accelere les processus de diffusion. Cette etude qui a porte sur toute une serie d'alliages (de 15 a 50 pour cent atomique de Pu), nous a permis de preciser la nafure de la transformation isotherme. Elle situe a 615 deg. + 5 deg. C et est du type peritectoide. Pu {epsilon} (c.c.) + Zr {alpha} (h.c.) {r_reversible} Pu {delta} (c.f.c.) Diffusion en phase {alpha} hexagonale: Les coefficients de diffusion chimique ont ete determines a partir de couples constitues d'alliages PuZr dilues (1,15 pour cent et 0,115 pour cent atomique de Pu) et de zirconium pur. Ces couples ont ete recuits entre 700 et 840 deg. C durant des temps de 1000 a 3000 heures. Les courbes C = f(x) ont ete tracees par microanalyse X et autoradiographie {alpha}. Elles ont ete

Mars approach for global sensitivity analysis of differential equation models with applications to dynamics of influenza infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yeonok; Wu, Hulin

2012-01-01

Differential equation models are widely used for the study of natural phenomena in many fields. The study usually involves unknown factors such as initial conditions and/or parameters. It is important to investigate the impact of unknown factors (parameters and initial conditions) on model outputs in order to better understand the system the model represents. Apportioning the uncertainty (variation) of output variables of a model according to the input factors is referred to as sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we focus on the global sensitivity analysis of ordinary differential equation (ODE) models over a time period using the multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) as a meta model based on the concept of the variance of conditional expectation (VCE). We suggest to evaluate the VCE analytically using the MARS model structure of univariate tensor-product functions which is more computationally efficient. Our simulation studies show that the MARS model approach performs very well and helps to significantly reduce the computational cost. We present an application example of sensitivity analysis of ODE models for influenza infection to further illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.

Assessment of water quality in the elbe river at flood water conditions based on cluster analysis, principle components analysis, and source apportionment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baborowski, Martina [Department of River Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Magdeburg (Germany); Simeonov, Vasil [Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, Sofia (Bulgaria); Einax, Juergen W. [Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena (Germany)

2012-04-15

An assessment of water quality measurements during a spring flood in the Elbe River is presented. Daily samples were taken at a site in the middle Elbe, which is part of the network of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (IKSE/MKOL). Cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis (PCA), and source apportionment (APCS apportioning) were used to assess the flood-dependent matter transport. As a result, three main components could be extracted as important to the matter transport in the Elbe River basin during flood events: (i) re-suspended contaminated sediments, which led to temporarily increased concentrations of suspended matter and of most of the investigated heavy metals; (ii) water discharge related concentrations of pedogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as preliminary diluted concentrations of uranium and chloride, parameters with stable pollution background in the river basin; and (iii) abandoned mines, i.e., their dewatering systems, with particular influence on nickel, manganese, and zinc concentrations. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Submicron particulate organic matter in the urban atmosphere: a new method for real-time measurement, molecular-level characterization and source apportionment

Science.gov (United States)

Müller, Markus; Eichler, Philipp; D'Anna, Barbara; Tan, Wen; Wisthaler, Armin

2017-04-01

We used a novel chemical analytical method for measuring submicron particulate organic matter in the atmosphere of three European cities (Innsbruck, Lyon, Valencia). Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used in combination with the "chemical analysis of aerosol online" (CHARON) inlet for detecting particulate organic compounds on-line (i.e. without filter pre-collection), in real-time (1-min time resolution), at ng m-3 concentrations, with molecular-level resolution (i.e. obtaining molecular weight and elemental composition information). The CHARON-PTR-ToF-MS system monitored molecular tracers associated with different particle sources including levoglucosan from biomass combustion, PAHs from vehicular traffic, nicotine from cigarette smoking, and monoterpene oxidation products secondarily formed from biogenic emissions. The tracer information was used for interpreting positive matrix factorization (PMF) data which allowed us to apportion the sources of submicron particulate organic matter in the different urban environments. This work was funded through the PIMMS ITN, which was supported by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement number 287382.

A new computational method of a moment-independent uncertainty importance measure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Qiao; Homma, Toshimitsu

2009-01-01

For a risk assessment model, the uncertainty in input parameters is propagated through the model and leads to the uncertainty in the model output. The study of how the uncertainty in the output of a model can be apportioned to the uncertainty in the model inputs is the job of sensitivity analysis. Saltelli [Sensitivity analysis for importance assessment. Risk Analysis 2002;22(3):579-90] pointed out that a good sensitivity indicator should be global, quantitative and model free. Borgonovo [A new uncertainty importance measure. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 2007;92(6):771-84] further extended these three requirements by adding the fourth feature, moment-independence, and proposed a new sensitivity measure, δ i . It evaluates the influence of the input uncertainty on the entire output distribution without reference to any specific moment of the model output. In this paper, a new computational method of δ i is proposed. It is conceptually simple and easier to implement. The feasibility of this new method is proved by applying it to two examples.

Assessment of water quality in the elbe river at flood water conditions based on cluster analysis, principle components analysis, and source apportionment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baborowski, Martina; Simeonov, Vasil; Einax, Juergen W.

2012-01-01

An assessment of water quality measurements during a spring flood in the Elbe River is presented. Daily samples were taken at a site in the middle Elbe, which is part of the network of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (IKSE/MKOL). Cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis (PCA), and source apportionment (APCS apportioning) were used to assess the flood-dependent matter transport. As a result, three main components could be extracted as important to the matter transport in the Elbe River basin during flood events: (i) re-suspended contaminated sediments, which led to temporarily increased concentrations of suspended matter and of most of the investigated heavy metals; (ii) water discharge related concentrations of pedogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as preliminary diluted concentrations of uranium and chloride, parameters with stable pollution background in the river basin; and (iii) abandoned mines, i.e., their dewatering systems, with particular influence on nickel, manganese, and zinc concentrations. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mass concentration, composition and sources of fine and coarse particulate matter in Tijuana, Mexico, during Cal-Mex campaign

Science.gov (United States)

Minguillón, María Cruz; Campos, Arturo Alberto; Cárdenas, Beatriz; Blanco, Salvador; Molina, Luisa T.; Querol, Xavier

2014-05-01

This work was carried out in the framework of the Cal-Mex project, which focuses on investigating the atmosphere along Mexico-California border region. Sampling was carried out at two sites located in Tijuana urban area: Parque Morelos and Metales y Derivados. PM2.5 and PM10 24 h samples were collected every three days from 17th May 2010 to 27th June 2010, and were used for gravimetric and chemical analyses (major and minor elements, inorganic ions, organic and elemental carbon) of PM. A subsequent Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis was performed. PM2.5 and PM10 average concentrations during Cal-Mex were relatively lower compared to usual annual averages. Trace elements concentrations recorded in the present study were lower than those recorded in Mexico City in 2006, with the exception of Pb at Metales y Derivados, attributed to the influence of a specific industrial source, which also includes As, Cd and Tl. Apart from this industrial source, both urban sites were found to be affected by similar sources with respect to bulk PM. Fine PM (PM2.5) was mainly apportioned by fueloil and biomass combustion and secondary aerosols, and road traffic. Coarse PM (PM2.5-10) was mainly apportioned by a mineral source (sum of road dust resuspension, construction emissions and natural soil) and fresh and aged sea salt. The road traffic was responsible for more than 60% of the fine elemental carbon and almost 40% of the fine organic matter.

Intérêt nutritionnel des huiles de tournesols : tournesol linoléique et tournesol à haute teneur en oléique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delplanque Bernadette

2000-11-01

Full Text Available Depuis les années 60 le tournesol traditionnel représentait le chef de file des « huiles poly-insaturées ». Depuis l’apparition des premières variétés riches en acide oléique (18:1, les sélections naturelles ou traditionnelles de variétés nouvelles de tournesol oléique ont trouvé leur place et leur justification sur le plan nutritionnel, par la qualité diversifiée de leurs acides gras, mais aussi par la préservation des qualités de l’insaponifiable (riche en vitamine E et en phytostérols. Une complémentarité entre les tournesols linoléique et oléique pourrait être tout à fait intéressante par l’utilisation d’huiles combinées, en vue d’un équilibre diététique mono/poly-insaturé dont l’effet serait d’assurer l’expression optimale des paramètres de protection vis-à-vis de l’athérothrombose à l’origine des maladies cardiovasculaires. Le développement du « tournesol-mid-oléique » (mid-range-oleic pourrait également apporter une source d’oléique et de linoléique naturellement plus équilibrée. Cependant, il restera à satisfaire les besoins en alpha-linolénique (importance de la balance n-6/n-3 qui pourraient être apportés par le colza.

Acides gras oméga 3 et maladies cardiovasculaires : approches épidémiologiques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ducimetiere Pierre

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La prise alimentaire d’acides gras oméga 3 a de nombreuses conséquences biologiques en particulier dans les domaines intéressant le risque cardiovasculaire (thrombose, métabolisme lipidique, inflammation. A partir de l’énorme littérature épidémiologique sur le sujet, on peut conclure que la consommation de poisson « gras » ou d’oméga 3 à longue chaîne a un effet protecteur sur la mortalité coronaire et plus généralement sur les maladies cardiovasculaires. Il existe des indications en faveur d’un effet similaire de l’apport en alphalinolénique (ALA. Les essais de prévention secondaire avec des oméga 3 à longue chaîne ont confirmé ces résultats mais les essais de conseils nutritionnels favorisant la consommation d’ALA ne sont qu’indicatifs. Il n’existe guère « d’evidence » en faveur du rôle des oméga sur le développement quantitatif de l’athérome alors que leur effet protecteur sur la vulnérabilité cardiaque aux arythmies est bien établie. Ces données expérimentales et cliniques fournissent une base biologique à la relation observée entre un apport augmenté de poisson ou d’oméga 3 et un risque abaissé de mort subite dans plusieurs études de cohortes.

L'impact d'une démarche d'alignement stratégique du système d'information sur la stratégie de l'entreprise Cas de SONATRACH

OpenAIRE

Taieb Errahmani, Mohamed

2014-01-01

Le management des systèmes d'information et des technologies de l'information a apporté de nombreux concepts et pratiques, à savoir ; la gouvernance IT, la gestion stratégique des systèmes d’information… etc. Le concept d’alignement stratégique du système d'information rassemble deux axes principaux, soit ; la stratégie du système d’information et la stratégie de l'entreprise. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de mettre en évidence l'impact d’une démarche d'alignement des systèmes d'inf...

Bien-être animal en élevage de poulets de chair

OpenAIRE

Arnould, Cécile; Leterrier, Christine

2007-01-01

L’élevage des poulets de chair s’est intensifié ces dernières décennies et de nombreux problèmes de bien-être animal sont apparus, en particulier chez les poulets standards et les reproducteurs à l’origine de ces croisements. Les poulets standards ont un niveau d’activité très faible et ils sont notamment atteints de troubles locomoteurs, de lésions cutanées et de pathologies cardio-vasculaires. Des solutions à ces altérations du bien-être peuvent être apportées en contrôlant des facteurs lié...

Inmaculada Sánchez et Marta Díaz (dir., Doc 21 Panorama del reciente cine documental en España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pietsie Feenstra

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Inmaculada Sánchez et Marta Díaz apportent un recueil d’articles très intéressants sur la richesse du documentaire espagnol actuel. A part des analyses précieuses sur quelques documentaires récents (En Construcción, 2000, Guerín ; El efecto Iguazú, 2002, Pere Joan Ventura et Georgina Cisquella ; La leyenda del tiempo, 2006, Isaki Lacuesta,…, l’ouvrage pose de nouvelles questions sur le processus de création et les moyens de financement ou la diffusion. Les deux axes permettent de mettre en l...

Tachjian Vahé, La France en Cilicie et en Haute-Mésopotamie. Aux confins de la Turquie, de la Syrie et de l’Irak (1919-1933, Paris, éditions Karthala, 2004, 465 p.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadine Méouchy

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Vahé Tachjian nous offre avec cet ouvrage, de facture classique et sans aspérités stylistiques, un apport documentaire considérable, qui ouvre de véritables horizons à la réflexion des historiens de la Turquie, de la Syrie et de l’Irak dans l’Entre-deux-guerres. Cette richesse documentaire est fondée sur l’exploitation des sources diplomatiques et militaires françaises, des sources de presse arménienne et de la bibliographie existante sur le sujet traité. Les sources de la partie turque ne so...

Source Apportionment of the Size-Fractionated Urban Aerosols in and around Kolkata, India

Science.gov (United States)

Sarkar, Ujjaini; Haque, Monirul; Roy, Rajdeep; Chakraborty, Sanjoy

Our main objective was to estimate the heavy metals like the Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Aluminium, and Iron, in addition to ammonium, chloride, nitrate, and sulphate ions, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ion Chromatography and apportion the most probable sources using the Chemical Mass Balance Model. The three urban locations of Behala Chowrasta, Rabindra Sadan, and Shyam Bazaar Five Points were chosen within the city of Kolkata. One rural location was chosen at the Indian Institute of Technology campus, Kharagpur, a rural site in the Midnapur District of the state of West Bengal, India. The results look quite encouraging.

La formation continue des enseignants aux TICE. Impact sur les contextes locaux

OpenAIRE

Villemonteix , Francois

2004-01-01

La formation continue des enseignants du premier degré dans le domaine des TICE a pour ambition de participer à l'émergence de nouvelles postures professionnelles intégrant l'ordinateur en présence des élèves. Comment les dispositifs actuels de formation participent-t-ils à l'accomplissement de cette tâche, compte tenu de la variété des contextes personnels et professionnels des publics enseignants ? Cette contribution apporte des éléments de réflexion sur le rôle joué par l'action de formati...

Non disponible / Not available

OpenAIRE

Bernard , Nguyen

2001-01-01

Non disponible / Not available; La chronobiologie est une science récente qui apporte une nouvelle manière de voir la médecine. La chronobiologie, grâce aux développements des moyens techniques de mesure physiologique, a contribué à faire d'importants progrès dans les connaissances tant dans le domaine de la physiologie que de la pathologie ou de la thérapeutique. Et son étude dans l'hypertension artérielle semble logique, puisqu'en France cette pathologie touche jusqu'à 20 à 30% de la popula...

Senay Banu, Beyond Turkey’s Borders. Long-Distance Kemalism, State Politics and the Turkish Diaspora, I.B. Tauris, 2013, 288 p.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aude Signoles

2015-01-01

Full Text Available L’ouvrage de Banu Senay (BS devrait susciter l’attention des lecteurs intéressés à la fois par la fabrique du nationalisme turc et les comportements diasporiques, tant ses apports sur les plans empiriques, méthodologiques et théoriques, sont indéniables. Tiré d’une thèse en anthropologie de l’Université Macquarie (Sidney à partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée auprès des populations turques résidant en Australie, ce travail de recherche nuance nombre d’analyses qui associent la circulati...

Le chrome en milieu marin

OpenAIRE

Chiffoleau, Jean-francois

1994-01-01

Le présent document constitue une synthèse des connaissances sur le cycle biogéochimique du chrome. Les sources naturelles et anthropiques sont étudiées, les échanges entre les différents compartiments géochimiques sont évalués, avec une attention particulière portée à la quantification des apports aussi bien des fleuves que de l'atmosphère au milieu marin. Les niveaux de concentration dans ces compartiments sont évalués, et montrent que l'on rencontre dans certaines régions des contamination...

CONTRIBUTION À L’ÉTUDE DES LIPIDES TISSULAIRES ET PLASMATIQUES CHEZ LE RAT WISTAR MÂLE SOUS RÉGIME HYPERGRAS

OpenAIRE

BENSALAH, Meryem

2012-01-01

De nos jours, les pathologies associées aux accumulations lipidiques dans l’organisme humain, telle l’obésité, prennent une importance croissante dans les questions de santé. Ces maladies sont consécutives à des apports caloriques superieurs à la dépense énergétique aboutissant à un surplus de stockage des graisses. L’objectif principal de cette étude était d’évaluer l’impact d’un régime hyperlipidique hypercalorique administré pour une période de 8 semaines chez le rat male Wistar (que nous ...

‘Michel de Certeau. Le marcheur blessé’.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

François Dosse

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Quatrième de couverture. Jésuite et historien spécialiste du 17 e siècle et de la mystique, sociologue de la culture du quotidien, anthropologue, sémiologue et cofondateur de l'école lacanienne, Michel de Certeau est une figure singulière de l'histoire intellectuelle du 20 e siècle. Célébré par le tout-Paris lors de sa disparition en janvier 1986, il fut toute sa vie un franc-tireur. Position qui n'a sans doute pas permis de mesurer son apport au renouvellement des ...

Poster "Maladies rares & sciences sociales"

OpenAIRE

Duysens, Fanny

2018-01-01

Le poster "Maladies rares & sciences sociales" visait à présenter la recherche doctorale de l'auteure au grand public dans le cadre de la Journée des Maladies Rares du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège dont le thème était "la recherche sur les maladies rares". Réalisé spécialement pour l'occasion, le poster explicitait de manière synthétique le sujet de recherche, la méthodologie, certains résultats, ainsi que les apports possibles des échanges entre chercheurs en sciences et sociales...

Etat des lieux et leviers pour réduire les pertes alimentaires dans les filières françaises

OpenAIRE

Redlingshofer, Barbara; Coudurier, Bernard; Georget, Martine

2015-01-01

A ce jour, peu de données existent sur l’ampleur des pertes alimentaires aux stades amont des filières, en France, en Europe et au-delà. L’étude transversale de l’Inra réalisée par ses Groupes Filières a comme objectif d’apporter des connaissances, pour la France, sur les pertes alimentaires, aux stades de la production agricole jusqu’à la distribution, sur les raisons imputables et sur le devenir de ces pertes. Les leviers d’action d’ores et déjà actionnables pour réduire ces pertes sont ...

Intégration des véhicules intelligents dans un contexte multimodal

OpenAIRE

Gilliéron, Pierre-Yves; Milot, Alexandre Manuel

2016-01-01

L’automatisation des véhicules (privés ou publics) est aujourd'hui devenue un enjeu majeur pour faire face aux besoins de mobilité de demain. L'automatisation ne cesse de croître et d'apporter davantage de confort aux utilisateurs (régulation de vitesse, correction de trajectoire). "L'assistance à la conduite” rime de plus en plus avec “conduite automatisée”, qui permet entre autres, d’assurer un certain niveau de sécurité tout en fluidifiant le trafic grâce à l’anticipation des phases d’accé...

La defense des forets contre les insectes. Approches actuelles et perspectives

OpenAIRE

Levieux, J.

1987-01-01

Les attaques d’insectes subies par certaines de nos forêts depuis une décennie conduisent à s’interroger sur la validité des méthodes actuelles de protection contre les ravageurs et sur les perspectives offertes par diverses recherches en cours. Au plan préventif, quelques modifications des méthodes sylvicoles pourraient apporter des résultats plus rapides que ceux à attendre de la sélection génétique de variétés résistantes. Les études dans ce dernier domaine sont encore trop peu avancé...

Trois monothéismes, une cause commune

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fanny Colonna

2011-02-01

Full Text Available L’apport d’Albert Piette à l’anthropologie de la religion, à travers son livre La Religion de près constitue un miracle, au sens où l’on ne voit pas bien ce qui l’a rendu possible en 1999 plutôt qu’aujourd’hui, ou il y a vingt, cinquante ou soixante-quinze ans. Pour tout dire, étant donnés les blocages théoriques et politiques, au sens fort, qui ont rendues impossibles jusqu’ici toute sociologie ou anthropologie de la pratique ordinaire du catholicisme en France (et pratiquement ailleurs, on...

Effets d'enrichissements azotés sur la croissance des palourdes mises en élevage dans les claires du bassin de Marennes-Oléron

OpenAIRE

Goulletquer, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Prou, Jean; Garnier, Jacqueline; Taillade, Sylvie; Heral, Maurice; Peyre, R; Faivre, C

1985-01-01

Etant donné que la production de mollusques (palourdes ou huîtres) est limitée à 0,8 kg à 1 kg au m2 soit 40 à 50 palourdes adultes de 20 g au m2, il est intéressant d'essayer de forcer cette production en augmentant la production primaire qui est le facteur limitant de la production de palourdes. Cette production primaire dépend des apports en sels nutritifs en effet les travaux antérieurs de Zanette (1979), de Zanette et Garnier (1980), de Robert (1984) ont mis en évidence que les biomasses...

La biopsie prostatique

OpenAIRE

DJEDOUI, MERIEM

2013-01-01

La preuve d'un cancer de la prostate est apportée par la biopsie prostatique. Malheureusement, une biopsie négative, bien que rassurante, ne suffit pas à exclure un noyau cancéreux à côté duquel l'aiguille est passée. L'urologue peut être amené à proposer une nouvelle biopsie, en augmentant, s'il le faut, le nombre de prélèvements de tissu prostatique. Ayant connu Le but d'une biopsie prostatique, le patient pourrait maintenant décider d'entrer dans d'autres alternatives qui...

INTÉGRITÉ, AUTOSUFFISANCE ET CONFIANCE EN SOI

OpenAIRE

Anquetil, Alain

2008-01-01

Ce texte traite des effets pratiques de l'intégrité, un concept qui a fait l'objet d'importants développements dans la philosophie contemporaine et qui est aussi largement utilisé dans certains domaines de la vie humaine, en particulier ceux ayant une dimension économique. Ces effets pratiques sont ici étudiés dans le contexte d'un cas empirique qui a été documenté dans le cadre d'une recherche doctorale relative à la faiblesse de la volonté. L'objectif est d'explorer ce que peuvent apporter ...

Alain Caillé, Dé-penser l’économique. Contre le fatalisme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julie Allard

2006-04-01

Full Text Available IntroductionIl pourrait être tentant de le traiter comme une énième complainte des sciences humaines envers la discipline économique. D’autres y verront le travail rigoureux d’un auteur désirant éclaircir ce qui ne va pas avec l’économique ; un constat que personne ne peut nier. Revient donc aux lecteurs de classer ce plus récent ouvrage d’Alain Caillé qui, sans apporter de théorie nouvelle, comporte des rectifications et des éclaircissements pouvant faire une différence s’ils sont diffusés e...

Conflits et conflictualités

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Conflits de proximitéLe premier panel du séminaire s’est articulé autour du conflit de proximité. Ouvert par une introduction consacrée aux liens entre voisinage et violence, il a apporté deux illustrations à travers deux études de cas : à l’échelle d’une institution culturelle franco-allemande d’abord, puis au sein d’une communauté sociale particulière.La communication de Ulrich Bielefeld, intitulée « Proximité et violence », envisage le voisinage comme champ d’émergence du conflit, au sens ...

EVALUATION DE L’IMPACT ENVIRONNEMENTAL : Evaluation des impacts du flux de transgènes de tolérance à différents herbicides à large spectre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Astoin Marie-Florence

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Ce texte est tiré du rapport « Introduction de variétés génétiquement modifiées de colza tolérantes à différents herbicides : évaluation des impacts agro-environnementaux et propositions de scénarios de gestion » établi par le Cetiom dans le cadre du moratoire sur les variétés génétiquement modifiées de colza. Les auteurs se réservent la possibilité d’ici publication définitive du rapport d’apporter des modifications à ce texte.

proportion: A comprehensive R package for inference on single Binomial proportion and Bayesian computations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Subbiah

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Extensive statistical practice has shown the importance and relevance of the inferential problem of estimating probability parameters in a binomial experiment; especially on the issues of competing intervals from frequentist, Bayesian, and Bootstrap approaches. The package written in the free R environment and presented in this paper tries to take care of the issues just highlighted, by pooling a number of widely available and well-performing methods and apporting on them essential variations. A wide range of functions helps users with differing skills to estimate, evaluate, summarize, numerically and graphically, various measures adopting either the frequentist or the Bayesian paradigm.

Chronique de sites Internet n° 18

OpenAIRE

Fromageot-Lanièpce, Virginie

2014-01-01

[ Généralités] > Google Books http://books.google.fr Ce service de Google ne prend en compte que des livres sur le Web ; ces livres sont parus sous une forme traditionnelle et ont été numérisés par le moteur de recherche avec l’accord des éditeurs. Des tests d’interrogation montrent qu’il existe des monographies archéologiques dans la base de recherche. Ce service aide à cibler des lectures, en apportant la recherche d’extraits, selon des modalités nouvelles par rapport aux catalogues de bibl...

Mizrahi Jean-David, Genèse de l’État mandataire. Service des renseignements et bandes armées en Syrie et au Liban dans les années 1920, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 2003, 462 p. , 12 cartes, 15 tableaux et 11 photographies.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadine Méouchy

2004-12-01

Full Text Available C’est un ouvrage important à plus d’un titre que nous livre ici Jean-David Mizrahi dont le travail minutieux enrichit notre savoir sur la période mandataire aux plans documentaire, historique et méthodologique. En premier lieu, ce travail témoigne du chemin parcouru depuis bientôt vingt ans par l’historiographie française sur le Mandat français en Syrie et au Liban, dont on sait qu’elle fut longtemps indigente dans un champ dominé par nos collègues anglo-saxons. Le précieux apport documentai...

ynthèse et caractérisation de MOFs dérivés d’Al (III) et Fe (III) benzendicarboxylate

OpenAIRE

MOULAY MELIANI, AMINA

2015-01-01

Ce travail interdisciplinaire nous a permis de maitriser les techniques de synthèse des MOFs en général, et l’exploitation des spectres des différentes technique d’analyse spectrale comme : l’infrarouge (IR) et diffraction des Rayon X (DRX) en particulier. Il est important de souligner l’apport original de ce travail qui consiste en la possibilité de l’élaboration de composés purs à partir de réactifs non purifiés, alors qu’il est connu que pour la synthèse de MOFs, il est indispensable d’...

Das Erbe der Menschheit.

OpenAIRE

Joana Breidenbach; Pál Nyíri

2005-01-01

Le concept d’« héritage » est apparu avec les efforts des États-nations occidentaux modernes émergents, au 19 e siècle, pour apporter une signification nationale à leurs paysages et à leurs environnements construits. Aujourd’hui, cependant, certains des moteurs centraux de ce mouvement de l’héritage sont des acteurs globaux plutôt que nationaux. Le projet le plus prestigieux pour la promotion de l’idée d’« héritage global » est la liste de l’Héritage mondial de l’ Unesco . Que deviennent les ...

Empowerment et diversité culturelle : quelques prolégomènes

OpenAIRE

Gagnon, Alain G.; May, Paul

2010-01-01

Le présent texte explore l’articulation entre l’empowerment et la diversité culturelle, et notamment les voies prometteuses du jumelage entre ces deux termes. L’apport de la philosophie de Charles Taylor conjuguée aux récentes théories du fédéralisme permet de porter un regard nouveau sur la thématique des revendications identitaires en milieu urbain et d’esquisser des solutions institutionnelles pour répondre au double défi posé par le pluralisme culturel et de la nouvelle configuration écon...

Manual cross check of computed dose times for motorised wedged fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porte, J.

2001-01-01

If a mass of tissue equivalent material is exposed in turn to wedged and open radiation fields of the same size, for equal times, it is incorrect to assume that the resultant isodose pattern will be effectively that of a wedge having half the angle of the wedged field. Computer programs have been written to address the problem of creating an intermediate wedge field, commonly known as a motorized wedge. The total exposure time is apportioned between the open and wedged fields, to produce a beam modification equivalent to that of a wedged field of a given wedge angle. (author)

Des communautés microbiennes au service de la qualité des fromages : diversité et dynamique adaptative et fonctionnelle des populations endogènes et ensemencées

OpenAIRE

Delbes, Céline; Monnet, Christophe; Irlinger, Francoise

2015-01-01

Les fromages traditionnels hébergent un microbiote diversifié, composé de populations microbiennes endogènes et de ferments, qui joue un rôle majeur dans le développement des qualités sanitaires et sensorielles du produit fini. La connaissance de la diversité microbienne taxonomique et fonctionnelle des produits laitiers s’enrichit depuis ces trois dernières années des apports des approches (méta)génomiques. Plus de 100 genres et 400 espèces microbiennes ont été détectés dans le lait cru et l...

Détection de dysfonctionnement d'un système amortisseur de véhicule automobile

OpenAIRE

Ragot , José; Maquin , Didier; Adrot , Olivier; Boatas , Armand; Jampi , Didier

2003-01-01

International audience; Le système d'amortissement d'un véhicule est un organe sensible au vieillissement, à l'usure et à des défauts accidentels ; les conséquences de ces perturbations sur la tenue de route peuvent être critiques et l'on conçoit alors l'intérêt de développer des méthodes de diagnostic capables de renseigner sur l'état de fonctionnement de ce dispositif en fournissant des indicateurs d'alerte de dysfonctionnement. Cette communication apporte quelques éléments méthodologiques ...

Les réserves extractivistes, état des lieux

OpenAIRE

Aubertin, Catherine

2014-01-01

La lutte des seringueiros a popularisé la notion de réserves extractivistes. Au départ calquée sur le modèle de la réserve indigène, la réserve extractiviste devait apporter une solution foncière aux conflits avec les patrons en garantissant, grâce à des expropriations menées par l’État, un droit d’usage collectif aux seringueiros et le maintien de leur outil de production, la forêt. L’histoire des réserves extractivistes est significative des modifications politiques enregistrées ces dix der...

Contribution to the piloting of quality actions by analysis of practices used by operators to the unforeseen or one off events

OpenAIRE

Grandhaye , Jean-Pierre

1994-01-01

Not available; L’évolution des démarches qualité conduit à prendre en compte le processus de production selon une logique globale. En effet, les différents apports, outils et démarches ont souvent été techniques et prescriptifs: passage du contrôle, à l'assurance qualité, puis à la qualité totale. En suivant cette évolution, on ne doit plus considérer les unités opérationnelles uniquement comme des systèmes formels maitrisables mais bien comme des ensembles d'acteurs capables de produire déci...

L’autonomie des villes : quelles conditions et modalités de réalisation ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Dumont

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Ce recueil de neuf contributions issues d’un séminaire de recherche se propose d’apporter un éclairage sur les enjeux locaux d’espaces urbains en voie de mondialisation, au regard, donc, des transformations plus générales des systèmes productifs dans lesquelles ils s’inscrivent ou qu’ils subissent. Au premier abord, trois aspects contribueraient, il faut le reconnaître, à rendre l’ensemble un peu décevant. Le titre, de son côté, ne laissait pas penser qu’il n’y serait ...

CONTRIBUTION A L’ETUDE SUR L’EMISSION ET LE TRANSFERT DANS LES SOLS DES ELEMENTS TRACES METALLIQUES (ETM) EN DOMAINE ROUTIER (la route national N° 23, la wilaya de Tiaret.

OpenAIRE

AMCHA, Mustapha

2014-01-01

Le présent travail apporte une contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la pollution métallique sur trois sols issus de chaussées proches d`une route nationale. Ces sols sont choisis à partir d'emplacements principaux de trafic journalier moyen important de véhicules pour l'ensemble des deux sens de circulation. L'analyse physico-chimique nous a permis de caractériser les sols étudiés : -Les trois sols ont une texture semblable à celle d'un sable limoneux.-Les trois sols sont légèrement basiq...

Automates programmables et réseaux de terrain: conception des systèmes de régulation

OpenAIRE

Blanc, D

1998-01-01

Depuis le début des années 80, nous intégrons des automates programmables pour le contrôle des différents processus industriels. A l'origine, l'automate programmable était considéré comme une machine séquentielle, capable de suppléer des automatismes réalisés en logique traditionnelle, en apportant toutefois de profonds bouleversements dans la manière de concevoir et d'organiser le contrôle d'un processus. L'intégration de l'automate programmable renforce le degré de fiabilité de l'équipement...

LOCACE / BALISS : un test de la cohérence géologique d'une interprétation sismique Locace / Baliss: Test of the Geologic Coherence of Seismic Interpretation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moretti I.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Durant quatre années l'Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli (AGIP, la Société Nationale Elf Aquitaine, l'Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP et Total Compagnie Française des Pétroles ont joint leurs efforts pour développer un outil de géologie structurale et un programme de rétro-déformation. Le but était d'améliorer le pointé des sections sismiques en validant l'interprétation faite par des tests de cohérence géométrique. Une section qui peut être rétro-déformée en suivant le principe de conservation de la matière est dite équilibrée. Ce projet de recherche a abouti à la réalisation de deux logiciels LOCACE et BALISS. LOCACE (LOgiciel de Construction Assistée de Coupes Equilibrées travaille à partir d'une section géologique. BALISS (BALanced Interpretation of Seismic Sections permet d'appliquer à l'image sismique profondeur les principes de l'équilibrage. Cet article rappelle les fondements de cette méthode, les différents types de déformation - rigide, couche à couche, cisaillement simple - leur mise en oeuvre dans LOCACE/BALISS et la philosophie de l'utilisation de ces logiciels. The need to use concepts of structural geology for seismic interpretation is something that is often difficult to apply because of the complexity of the zones investigated and especially because of the lack of interaction among specialists in the different areas of exploration. Likewise, quantitative geology is fairly recent, and computerized tools for structural geology are still rare although there is a multitude of them in geophysics. The existence of graphic workstations and computerized tools favoring the effective interactivity of software packages now makes it possible to integrate this implementation. The two French oil companies, Total Compagnie Française des Pétroles and Elf Aquitaine, together with Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP have joined their efforts since 1987 to develop a tool for testing the geologic and

Analysis of wallboard containing a phase change material

Science.gov (United States)

Tomlinson, J. J.; Heberle, D. P.

Phase change materials (PCMs) used on the interior of buildings hold the promise for improved thermal performance by reducing the energy requirements for space conditioning and by improving thermal comfort by reducing temperature swings inside the building. Efforts are underway to develop a gypsum wallboard containing a hydrocarbon PCM. With a phase change temperature in the room temperature range, the PCM wallboard adds substantially to the thermal mass of the building while serving the same architectural function as conventional wallboard. To determine the thermal and economic performance of this PCM wallboard, the Transient Systems Simulation Program (TRNSYS) was modified to accommodate walls that are covered with PCM plasterboard, and to apportion the direct beam solar radiation to interior surfaces of a building. The modified code was used to simulate the performance of conventional and direct-gain passive solar residential-sized buildings with and without PCM wallboard. Space heating energy savings were determined as a function of PCM wallboard characteristics. Thermal comfort improvements in buildings containing the PCM were qualified in terms of energy savings. The report concludes with a present worth economic analysis of these energy savings and arrives at system costs and economic payback based on current costs of PCMs under study for the wallboard application.

Lebanon.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-04-01

General notes about Lebanon are presented: political history, government, population, geography, economy and foreign relations. Lebanon lies on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, and is composed of a coastal plain bound on the east by high mountains. The population numbers about 2.5 million, although no census has been taken since 1932. 6 different types of Christian sects and 3 of Muslims contribute to instability. The strife has been aggravated by invasions by Israel against Palestinians encamped there, and by Syria as part of an Arab peace-keeping force. Despite constant civil war since the 1950s, the Lebanese government has continued to function, a parliamentary constitutional system with a judicial system based on the Napoleonic code. Amendments to the 1926 constitution have mandated that representation in the National Assembly and among top government positions be apportioned based on distribution of significant religious groups. Political parties in Lebanon are extremely complex, and include parties loyal to clan or local leaders, those ranging from the right to left, those resembling Arab parties in other nations, and those dedicated to religious sects. The economy is normally based on agriculture, and on commerce and banking in the primary coastal cities, but is in decline currently.

Thermal diffusivity of solids; Diffusivite thermique des solides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleimann, H; Fetiveau, Y; Richard, M; Eyraud, L; Eyraud, C; Elston, J [Institut National des Sciences Appliquees, Lyon (France); Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

The authors recall the different methods of thermal diffusivity measurements and point out the possible causes of errors. They study in particular the sinusoidal methods of thermal attack using the measurement of either an amplitude or a phase, in which the controlled energy in-put is obtained either by Joule effect or by radiation. By the use of controlled systems, it is possible to apply those methods to the measurement of thermal diffusivity of their samples in a large scale of temperature. The authors describe their experimental achievements and give several results dealing especially with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, BeO, MgO. (author) [French] Les auteurs rappellent les diverses methodes de mesure de la diffusivite thermique et indiquent les sources d'erreurs possibles. Ils etudient particulierement les methodes d'attaque thermique sinusoidales utilisant soit une mesure d'amplitude, soit une mesure de phase dans lesquelles l'apport energetique controle est effectue soit par effet Joule, soit par rayonnement. La mise en oeuvre de systemes asservis permet l'utilisation de ces methodes pour la mesure de la diffusivite thermique d'echantillons minces dans une gamme etendue de temperature. Les auteurs decrivent les realisations experimentales et fournissent divers resultats concernant notamment Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, BeO, MgO. (auteur)

L’APPORT DE LA SOCIOLOGIE PRAGMATIQUE FRANÇAISE AUX ÉTUDES CRITIQUES EN MANAGEMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamin Taupin

2015-02-01

Full Text Available French pragmatic sociology (PS, inspired by the work of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, is being increasingly used by organizational management studies. However, the critical dimension of this approach has not yet been integrated for the benefit of knowledge in management and organizations (MOK. In this article, we elaborate on the contribution that PS can represent for critical management studies (CMS. As a ‘science of the players’ science’ [science de la science des acteurs], we suggest that PS is fertile for the development of a critical performativity. In particular, we demonstrate that the approach allows shedding light on the new and more complex forms of domination exerted in contemporary organizations. Using empirical studies of organizations employing PS, we demonstrate how the concepts of compromise and test developed by this approach offer tools that allow renewing the critique of organizations for the benefit of MOK.

Three electron beams from a laser-plasma wakefield accelerator and the energy apportioning question

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Yang, X.; Brunetti, E.; Gil, D.R.; Welsh, G.H.; Li, F.Y.; Cipiccia, S.; Ersfeld, B.; Grant, D.W.; Grant, P.A.; Islam, M.R.; Tooley, M.P.; Vieux, Grégory; Wiggins, S.M.; Sheng, Z.M.; Jaroszynski, D.A.

2017-01-01

Roč. 7, Mar (2017), s. 1-7, č. článku 43910. ISSN 2045-2322 R&D Projects: GA MŠk EF15_008/0000162; GA MŠk LQ1606 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 654148 - LASERLAB-EUROPE Grant - others:ELI Beamlines(XE) CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_008/0000162 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : relativistic electrons * driven * radiation * wake * dosimetry * regime * code Subject RIV: BL - Plasma and Gas Discharge Physics OBOR OECD: Fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics) Impact factor: 4.259, year: 2016

L'apport des faibles doses d'engrais minéraux permet-il d'accroitre ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

28 févr. 2014 ... augmenté la résistance à la cercosporiose et à l'helminthosporiose de la variété PAN 53. En revanche, cette variété s'est ... blé et le riz. Parallèlement, sa production est la plus élevée de toutes les céréales, au niveau mondial. Originaire d'Amérique Centrale et latine, le maïs est actuellement cultivé avec ...

Les données recueillies par le Zimbabwe sur la pauvreté : un apport ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

intensive manufacturing promote economic mobility? » La 48e réunion annuelle de la Banque asiatique de développement (BAD) a eu lieu du 2 au 5 décembre 2015 en Azerbaïdjan. Voir davantageActivité antérieure – « From factory floor to the ...

Histoire de la traduction au XXe siècle : l’apport de Michel Ballard

OpenAIRE

Prado Paz, Carlos de

2015-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como temática “la historia de la traducción en el siglo XX”, y más en concreto la aportación de una de las figuras más importantes de la traducción en Francia, Michel Ballard. A lo largo del trabajo expondré la obra y pensamiento de Ballard, centrándome en temas como la traducción, su historia, la relación entre traducción y traductología, o la importancia del contacto entre culturas y lenguas. El fallecimiento en el transcurso de nuestro trabajo de esta figura cumbre...

Lupus systémique et atteinte rénale: Apport des anticorps anti-SSA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

-SSA dans 12 cas (40%).Cinq patients (62.5%) ayant une atteinte rénale avaient des anticorps anti DNA négatifs. Parmi ces patients avec atteinte rénale, 37.5% avaient des anticorps anti SSA sans anticorps anti DNA. La moitié des patients ...

Apports de la diplomatie de la santé mondiale aux systèmes de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La santé est en voie de s'imposer comme un élément incontournable des négociations mondiales, que celles-ci portent sur le commerce, la croissance économique ou le développement social. De nouveaux travaux de recherche aideront l'Afrique à accroître son pouvoir de négociation au chapitre de la diplomatie de la ...

Apport diagnostique de la cervicotomie exploratrice: étude rétrospective de 300 cas

Science.gov (United States)

Darouassi, Youssef; Chihani, Mehdi; Touati, Mohamed Mliha; Ammar, Haddou; Bouaity, Brahim

2015-01-01

Les tuméfactions cervicales représentent un motif fréquent de consultation, et les adénopathies en constituent l’étiologie la plus fréquente. L'examen clinique et les bilans paracliniques permettent, dans la majorité des cas de retrouver une étiologie. Néanmoins certaines de ces tuméfactions restent d'origine non précisée, portant donc l'indication d'une cervicotomie exploratrice. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective d'une série de 300 cas de tuméfactions cervicales isolées colligées au service d'ORL de l'hôpital militaire Avicenne de Marrakech entre 2001 et 2014. Tous nos patients ont bénéficié d'une cervicotomie exploratrice avec étude anatomo-pathologique. L’âge des patients varie entre 1 et 76 ans avec un âge moyen de 32,57 ans et une légère prédominance masculine de 52%. La symptomatologie qui a motivé une consultation chez 81% des patients était la tuméfaction latérocervicale. La localisation la plus fréquente était sous mandibulaire (33,34%). Les tuméfactions d'installation progressive ont été retrouvées chez 93,34% des patients. Les principales étiologies retrouvées dans notre étude après examen anatomopathologique étaient de deux types: soit d'origine ganglionnaire dominées par la tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale (53,66%), le lymphome malin non hodgkinien (6,66%), les adénites réactionnelles non spécifiques (4,66%), la maladie deHodgkin (4,33%) et les métastases ganglionnaires cervicales (3,33%); soit d'origine non ganglionnaire dont le lipome cervicale (17,66%), les kystes branchiaux (6%), les kystes du tractus thyréoglosse (1,66%) et le lymphangiome kystique (1,66%). A la lumière des résultats obtenus et des données de la littérature, nous allons discuter l'intérêt et l'utilité de la cervicotomie exploratrice dans le diagnostic étiologique des tuméfactions cervicales lorsque les examens cliniques et paracliniques ne sont pas concluants, et ainsi d'analyser les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et paracliniques des différentes étiologies retrouvées. La cervicotomie exploratrice reste, avec l’étude anatomo-pathologique, un outil nécessaire pour le diagnostic de certitude de certaines tuméfactions cervicales malgré son caractère invasif. PMID:27022424

Effet de l'apport de différents types d'engrais organiques sur la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1 Unité de Recherche sur la Gestion Intégrée du Sol et des Cultures (ISCM), ... facteur principal puis trois doses d'application et un contrôle (0, 20, 30 et 40 t/ha) comme facteur secondaire. ..... mesure de la longueur a été réalisée du collet à.

Primary health services at district level in South Africa: a critique of the primary health care approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dookie Sunitha

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The rhetoric of primary health care philosophy in the district health system is widely cited as a fundamental component of the health transformation process in post-apartheid South Africa. Despite South Africa’s progress and attempts at implementing primary health care, various factors still limit its success. Discussion Inconsistencies and poor understanding of primary care and primary health care raises unrealistic expectations in service delivery and health outcomes, and blame is apportioned when expectations are not met. It is important for all health practitioners to consider the contextual influences on health and ill-health and to recognise the role of the underlying determinants of ill-health, namely, social, economic and environmental influences. The primary health care approach provides a strong framework for this delivery but it is not widely applied. There is a need for renewed political and policy commitments toward quality primary health care delivery, re-orientation of health care workers, integration of primary health care activities into other community-based development, improved management skills and effective coordination at all levels of the health system. There should also be optimal capacity building, and skills development in problem-solving, communication, networking and community participation. Summary A well-functioning district health system is required for the re-engineering of primary health care. This strategy requires a strong leadership, a strengthening of the current district heath system and a greater emphasis on health promotion, prevention, and community participation and empowerment.

Préférence et sensibilité aux aliments apportant les goûts gras, sucré, salé et amer et état pondéral [Preference and sensitivity to food providing fatty, sweet, salty and bitter tastes, and weight status

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ouassila ALLAM

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Résumé Introduction. Le goût est une modalité sensorielle chimique qui permet d'apprécier les saveurs d'une substance ingérée. Il joue un rôle essentiel dans la sélection des aliments. Objectif. Déterminer le niveau de sensibilité gustative aux goûts gras, sucré, salé et amer, à travers les préférences alimentaires et étudier le lien possible avec l’état pondéral. Matériel et méthodes. L’étude a porté sur 210 jeunes adultes (F/H, 157/53 âgés de 18 à 30 ans. Les mesures anthropométriques concernent le poids et la taille. Le questionnaire utilisé a permis l'évaluation des préférences alimentaires en relation avec différentes saveurs. Le niveau de sensibilité est estimé à partir des scores moyens de préférence attribués à chaque groupe d’aliments apportant le goût étudié. L’analyse statistique est réalisée avec le logiciel StatView. Résultats. Notre population compte 45,7% de sujets en surpoids dont 20% d’obèses. Le pourcentage du surpoids est plus élevé chez les femmes que chez les hommes (p=0,04. Une relation significative est trouvée entre la préférence au gras rajouté et l’état pondéral des adultes (p=0,0003. Aucune différence significative n’est trouvée entre le niveau de préférence ou de sensibilité pour les aliments sucrés, salés ou amers et l’état pondéral des adultes. Conclusion. Les adultes en surpoids présentent le niveau de préférence le plus faible et sont les moins sensibles par rapport au gras rajouté, ce qui peut influencer l’état pondéral par une consommation excessive d’aliments riches en gras. [ Abstract Introduction. Taste is a chemical sensory modality allowing to appreciate the flavors of an ingested substance. It plays an essential role in food choice. Objective. To define the level of taste sensitivity to fatty, sweet, salty and bitter tastes through food preferences and to study the possible link with weight status. Material and

L'apport de la communication engageante et des représentations sociales dans le cadre de la promotion de l'éco-mobilité

OpenAIRE

Bourg , Ghislain

2011-01-01

The purpose of this thesis was to test the applicability of binding communication in the case of car use reduction. The first two studies (1 & 2) bring out the relationship between an individual and his mobility. Our results lead us to consider a system of double bind between the challenges of sustainable development and daily obligations. The individual recognizes the negative impact of car use on the environment but justifies his behavior by an important need for flexibility. Three studies ...

Used solid catalysts from chemical and petrochemical industries; Les catalyseurs solides uses de l`industrie chimique et du raffinage petrolier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-10-01

A comprehensive survey of the solid catalysts used in the chemical and petrochemical industries is presented; information on solid catalyst market demand prospective for 1998, the nature of solid catalysts used in the various industrial sectors and for the various chemical products production, the european catalysts manufacturers, solid catalyst poisons and inhibitors according to the various types of chemical reactions, mean compositions of used solid catalysts, an assessment of the volume of used solid catalysts generated by chemical and petrochemical industries, the various ways of solid catalyst regeneration and disposal, the potential for off-site regeneration of used catalysts, and French and European regulations, is presented

Short term forecasting of petroleum product demand in France; Modelisation a court terme des consommations de produits petroliers en France

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cadren, M

1998-06-23

The analysis of petroleum product demand became a privileged thrust of research following the modifications in terms of structure and level of the petroleum markets since eighties. The greatest importance to econometrics models of Energy demand, joint works about nonstationary data, explained the development of error-correction models and the co-integration. In this context, the short term econometrics modelling of petroleum product demand does not only focus on forecasts but also on the measure of the gain acquired from using error-correction techniques and co-integration. It`s filling to take the influence of technical improvement and environment pressures into account in econometrics modelling of petroleum products demand. The first part presents the evolution of Energy Demand in France and more particularly the petroleum product demand since 1986. The objective is to determine the main characteristics of each product, which will help us to analyse and validate the econometrics models. The second part focus on the recent developments in times series modelling. We study the problem of nonstationary data and expose different unit root tests. We examine the main approaches to univariate and multivariate modelling with nonstationary data and distinguish the forecasts of the latter`s. The third part is intended to applications; its objective is to illustrate the theoretic developments of the second part with a comparison between the performances of different approaches (approach Box and Jenkins, Johansen approach`s and structural approach). The models will be applied to the main French petroleum market. The observed asymmetrical demand behaviour is also considered. (author) 153 refs.

The Chad-Cameroon petroleum project: loaded dices on the pipeline; Projet petrolier Tchad-Cameroun: des pipes sur le pipe-line

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The project of a oil pipeline starting from Chad and passing threw Cameroon has raised several controversies. History has shown several times in the past that oil discovery in Africa is very often synonymous of the increase of corruption and dictatorship. Talking into account the political situation of both countries, this book explains how this project can be a source of anxiety, in particular concerning the populations' rights and the environment protection. (J.S.)

The Chad-Cameroon petroleum project: loaded dices on the pipeline; Projet petrolier Tchad-Cameroun: des pipes sur le pipe-line

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The project of a oil pipeline starting from Chad and passing threw Cameroon has raised several controversies. History has shown several times in the past that oil discovery in Africa is very often synonymous of the increase of corruption and dictatorship. Talking into account the political situation of both countries, this book explains how this project can be a source of anxiety, in particular concerning the populations' rights and the environment protection. (J.S.)

Europe and the Peak Oil, an emergency situation; Le Pic Petrolier et l'Europe, une situation d'urgence

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Durand, B.

2011-07-01

The author shows why, in the coming years, severe oil supply difficulties will emerge in countries like France and the majority of European countries which do not possess significant oil resources on their land. He also highlights the risks for the European Union if no action is undertaken in front of this perspective. He discusses the British example as the United Kingdom has been the first country to use fossil fuels in an industrial way, and also possessed important quantities of oil and natural gas in the Northern Sea. He discusses the various data concerning the Peak Oil, and outlines the rapid decrease of available oil quantities on the international market. He highlights the difficult situation which will soon face Europe, and that measures must me implemented in emergency

Generation of hybrid meshes for the simulation of petroleum reservoirs; Generation de maillages hybrides pour la simulation de reservoirs petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balaven-Clermidy, S.

2001-12-01

Oil reservoir simulations study multiphase flows in porous media. These flows are described and evaluated through numerical schemes on a discretization of the reservoir domain. In this thesis, we were interested in this spatial discretization and a new kind of hybrid mesh has been proposed where the radial nature of flows in the vicinity of wells is directly taken into account in the geometry. Our modular approach described wells and their drainage area through radial circular meshes. These well meshes are inserted in a structured reservoir mesh (a Corner Point Geometry mesh) made up with hexahedral cells. Finally, in order to generate a global conforming mesh, proper connections are realized between the different kinds of meshes through unstructured transition ones. To compute these transition meshes that we want acceptable in terms of finite volume methods, an automatic method based on power diagrams has been developed. Our approach can deal with a homogeneous anisotropic medium and allows the user to insert vertical or horizontal wells as well as secondary faults in the reservoir mesh. Our work has been implemented, tested and validated in 2D and 2D1/2. It can also be extended in 3D when the geometrical constraints are simplicial ones: points, segments and triangles. (author)

Reserves' potential of sedimentary basin: modeling and estimation; Potentiel de reserves d'un bassin petrolier: modelisation et estimation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lepez, V.

2002-12-01

The aim of this thesis is to build a statistical model of oil and gas fields' sizes distribution in a given sedimentary basin, for both the fields that exist in:the subsoil and those which have already been discovered. The estimation of all the parameters of the model via estimation of the density of the observations by model selection of piecewise polynomials by penalized maximum likelihood techniques enables to provide estimates of the total number of fields which are yet to be discovered, by class of size. We assume that the set of underground fields' sizes is an i.i.d. sample of unknown population with Levy-Pareto law with unknown parameter. The set of already discovered fields is a sub-sample without replacement from the previous which is 'size-biased'. The associated inclusion probabilities are to be estimated. We prove that the probability density of the observations is the product of the underlying density and of an unknown weighting function representing the sampling bias. An arbitrary partition of the sizes' interval being set (called a model), the analytical solutions of likelihood maximization enables to estimate both the parameter of the underlying Levy-Pareto law and the weighting function, which is assumed to be piecewise constant and based upon the partition. We shall add a monotonousness constraint over the latter, taking into account the fact that the bigger a field, the higher its probability of being discovered. Horvitz-Thompson-like estimators finally give the conclusion. We then allow our partitions to vary inside several classes of models and prove a model selection theorem which aims at selecting the best partition within a class, in terms of both Kuilback and Hellinger risk of the associated estimator. We conclude by simulations and various applications to real data from sedimentary basins of four continents, in order to illustrate theoretical as well as practical aspects of our model. (author)

The petroleum challenge. Present day questions about oil and gas; Le defi petrolier. Questions actuelles du petrole et du gaz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boussena, S.; Locatelli, C.; Pauwels, J.P.; Swartenbroekx, C

2006-04-15

Will the 21. century be the petroleum challenge century? The petroleum problem is no longer the affair of experts and journalists, it challenges also governments and consumers in pressing terms. If there is today a petroleum problem, there is no oil or gas shortage for the moment. The cumulated oil and gas reserves would allow to face the demand of the century, with the condition that investments in exploration, field development, production, and back-end of oil and gas industries will be done in time. This book, written by specialists of energy economics and geopolitics shows up some of the key questions of our energy future. In particular, it invites us to never forget the basic heavy trends of the hydrocarbons sector in order to never be trapped by superficial extrapolations of short term phenomena. Content: heavy trend of oil prices at the 2020 prospects, natural gas take over?; oil and gas geopolitics: enough of hydrocarbons for the 21. century; Russia and Caspian sea oil and gas weight; China: a new strategic actor of the energy scene; influence of 'futures' market, of speculation, and of stocks on hydrocarbon prices; which future for LNG?; natural gas in the USA: towards a new foreign dependence. (J.S.)

Apport de la gravimétrie à l'étude de la structure du bassin des Triffa (Maroc nord-oriental) : implications hydrogéologiques

Science.gov (United States)

Khattach, Driss; Keating, Pierre; Mili, El Mostafa; Chennouf, Touria; Andrieux, Pierre; Milhi, Abdellah

2004-12-01

Various techniques (horizontal and vertical derivatives, upward continuation, Euler deconvolution) have been applied to the gravity data from the Triffa's plain and the north flank of the Beni-Snassen massif to delineate various major geological structures such as faults and basins. These results allow the production of a structural map showing the fault systems for the survey area. This map forms the basis for planning future hydrogeological research in this region. To cite this article: D. Khattach et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).

Sensitivity of fluvial sediment source apportionment to mixing model assumptions: A Bayesian model comparison.

Science.gov (United States)

Cooper, Richard J; Krueger, Tobias; Hiscock, Kevin M; Rawlins, Barry G

2014-11-01

Mixing models have become increasingly common tools for apportioning fluvial sediment load to various sediment sources across catchments using a wide variety of Bayesian and frequentist modeling approaches. In this study, we demonstrate how different model setups can impact upon resulting source apportionment estimates in a Bayesian framework via a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) sensitivity analysis. We formulate 13 versions of a mixing model, each with different error assumptions and model structural choices, and apply them to sediment geochemistry data from the River Blackwater, Norfolk, UK, to apportion suspended particulate matter (SPM) contributions from three sources (arable topsoils, road verges, and subsurface material) under base flow conditions between August 2012 and August 2013. Whilst all 13 models estimate subsurface sources to be the largest contributor of SPM (median ∼76%), comparison of apportionment estimates reveal varying degrees of sensitivity to changing priors, inclusion of covariance terms, incorporation of time-variant distributions, and methods of proportion characterization. We also demonstrate differences in apportionment results between a full and an empirical Bayesian setup, and between a Bayesian and a frequentist optimization approach. This OFAT sensitivity analysis reveals that mixing model structural choices and error assumptions can significantly impact upon sediment source apportionment results, with estimated median contributions in this study varying by up to 21% between model versions. Users of mixing models are therefore strongly advised to carefully consider and justify their choice of model structure prior to conducting sediment source apportionment investigations. An OFAT sensitivity analysis of sediment fingerprinting mixing models is conductedBayesian models display high sensitivity to error assumptions and structural choicesSource apportionment results differ between Bayesian and frequentist approaches.

Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil for a township in Jiangsu Province, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Yanxue; Chao, Sihong; Liu, Jianwei; Yang, Yue; Chen, Yanjiao; Zhang, Aichen; Cao, Hongbin

2017-02-01

Human activities contribute greatly to heavy metal pollution in soils. Concentrations of 15 metal elements were detected in 105 soil samples collected from a typical rural-industrial town in southern Jiangsu, China. Among them, 7 heavy metals-lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and nickel-were considered in the health risk assessment for residents via soil inhalation, dermal contact, and/or direct/indirect ingestion. Their potential sources were quantitatively apportioned by positive matrix factorization using the data set of all metal elements, in combination with geostatistical analysis, land use investigation, and industrial composition analysis. Furthermore, the health risks imposed by sources of heavy metal in soil were estimated for the first time. The results indicated that Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Co accumulated in the soil, attaining a mild pollution level. The total hazard index values were 3.62 and 6.11, and the total cancer risks were 9.78 × 10 -4 and 4.03 × 10 -4 for adults and children, respectively. That is, both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by soil metals were above acceptable levels. Cr and As require special attention because the health risks of Cr and As individually exceeded the acceptable levels. The ingestion of homegrown produce was predominantly responsible for the high risks. The potential sources were apportioned as: a) waste incineration and textile/dyeing industries (28.3%), b) natural sources (45.4%), c) traffic emissions (5.3%), and d) electroplating industries and livestock/poultry breeding (21.0%). Health risks of four sources accounted for 23.5%, 32.7%, 7.4%, and 36.4% of the total risk, respectively. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

La théorie des catégories: ses apports mathématiques et ses implications épistémologiques.
Un hommage historio-philosophique

OpenAIRE

Krömer , Ralf

2004-01-01

Category theory (CT) is important in virtue of its mathematical applications and its power to generate philosophical debate. It is a language for algebraic topology, a deductive system in homological algebra, and, as an alternative to set theory, a means of object construction (in Grothendieck's conception of algebraic geometry). Unpublished sources show that Grothendieck quit the Bourbaki group because of a debate on CT, which was partly epistemological in nature, especially as far as set-th...

Actinides compounds for the transmutation: scientific contributions of american and japanese collaborations; Composes d'actinides pour la transmutation: apports scientifiques de collaborations americaines et japonaises

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raison, Ph.; Albiot, T

2000-07-01

This paper deals with the minor actinides transmutation and the scientific contribution of the ORNL and the JAERI. It presents researches on the Am-Zr-Y-O system in the framework of the heterogeneous reprocessing, the curium and pyrochlore structures, with the ORNL contribution and phase diagrams, data of Thermodynamics, actinides nitrides, with the JAERI. (A.L.B.)

LES STRATEGIES D’APPRENTISSAGE DU FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE MISES EN PRATIQUE PAR LES APPRENANTS AFIN DE PROMOUVOIR LEURS AUTONOMIES

OpenAIRE

Yasmine ADIB

2016-01-01

Ce travail de recherche présente les stratégies d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère et examine les liens entre stratégies et acquisition d’une compétence générale. Cette étude met en relief l’apport majeur des données issues de la psychologie cognitive qui nous renseigne sur les mécanismes qui permettent à l’apprenant d’acquérir, d’intégrer et de réutiliser des connaissances. Aussi, nous expliquons comment les données de la psychologie cognitive nous éclairent sur la nature de l’appr...

Quels types de fraudes rencontrent les institutions financières qui travaillent avec des lettres de crédits, comment sont-elles traitées et quelles pourraient être les solutions pour les éliminer ?

OpenAIRE

Ferreira Pinheiro, Fabio; Fragnière, Emmanuel

2013-01-01

Le but de ce travail est d’identifier les principaux problèmes qu’il existe dans le marché des Crédits documentaires et de trouver les améliorations qui peuvent être apportées sur le plan opérationnel, pour les banques, et sur les aspects légaux en général. Une des principales difficultés empêchant la Lettre de crédit d’être un moyen de paiement davantage sûr est la détection de faux documents, surtout pour les banques car elles sont responsables de les contrôler. De plus, certains clients ne...

Implications of the ICRP draft recommendations for ALIs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stather, J.W.; Kendall, G.M.; Phipps, A.W.

1990-01-01

The results of the calculations summarised here suggest that under the new scheme for calculating annual limits on intake proposed by ICRP there may still be a need for an organ dose limit. This would lose one of the main advantages of the new scheme, namely that ALIs could be strictly additive. Adjusting the weighting factors and allocating the 'remainder' to possibly two tissues with the highest doses would result in effectances from different radionuclides which were not strictly additive. If, however, for practical purposes effectance could be taken to be additive, then the resulting ALIs could be apportioned between different radionuclides as desired. (author)

François-Ronan Dubois, Introduction aux Porn Studies

OpenAIRE

Garnier, Guillaume

2014-01-01

Partant des débats qui entourent la pornographie et sa consommation (la pornographie est-elle sexiste ? Ou bien féministe ? Qu’en est-il de la moralité et de la législation ?…), François-Ronan Dubois, agrégé de lettres modernes et doctorant en littérature française, s’interroge sur les porn studies discipline novatrice originaire des États-Unis, qui s’est récemment imposée comme essentielle pour apporter un discours compétent sur la pornographie. Les porn studies s’emparant des formes et des ...

Oil royalties payment impact on socio-economic beneficiary countries development; O impacto do pagamento de royalties do petroleo no desenvolvimento socio-economico dos municipios beneficiarios

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lucchesi, Cesar Augusto M.; Anuatti Neto, Francisco [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Economia, Administracao e Contabilidade

2004-07-01

This research proposes to evaluate oil royalties payment impact on socio-economic beneficiary counties indicators. In the first step, it has been made royalties payments distribution among beneficiary counties (942), what showed a meaningful paid resources concentration between 1993 and 1999, when 20% of the beneficiaries apportioned of 98,5% from this period paid royalties. For these 188 greatest exaction counties the royalties impact analyses on County Human Development Index (IDH-M) evolution showed the received royalties amount positively influenced the 2000 IDH-M additional comparing to 1991. It indicates the petroleum industry contribution to municipal development of those counties which receive these resources. (author)

Nuclear power generating costs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srinivasan, M.R.; Kati, S.L.; Raman, R.; Nanjundeswaran, K.; Nadkarny, G.V.; Verma, R.S.; Mahadeva Rao, K.V.

1983-01-01

Indian experience pertaining to investment and generation costs of nuclear power stations is reviewed. The causes of investment cost increases are analysed and the increases are apportioned to escalation, design improvements and safety related adders. The paper brings out the fact that PHWR investment costs in India compare favourably with those experienced in developed countries in spite of the fact that the programme and the unit size are relatively much smaller in India. It brings out that in India at current prices a nuclear power station located over 800 km from coal reserves and operating at 75% capacity factor is competitive with thermal power at 60% capacity factor. (author)

Identification of genetic, environmental and technologic factors associated to the variability of vitamins in common wheat and wheat based food products

OpenAIRE

Nurit, Eric

2015-01-01

Le blé est la seconde céréale la plus cultivée dans le monde et constitue un apport majeur de l’alimentation quotidienne. L’effort consentie à continuellement améliorer les qualités meunière et boulangère du blé tendre, s’est fait au détriment du caractère nutritionnel du grain. Ainsi la plupart des produits industriels dérivés des grains de blé sont produits à partir de farines blanches raffinées qui ne contiennent ni le germe ni les sons. Cependant, dans ces différents tissus qu...

Fast neutron flux in heavy water reactors; Flux de neutrons rapides dans les piles a eau lourde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brisbois, J; Katz, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92 (France)

1966-07-01

The possibility of calculating the fast neutron flux in a natural uranium-heavy water lattice by superposition of the individual contributions of the different fuel elements was verified using a one-dimension Monte-Carlo code. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental measurements done in the core and reflector of the reactor AQUILON. (author) [French] La possibilite de calculer le flux de neutrons rapides dans un reseau d'uranium naturel a eau lourde par superposition des apports des divers barreaux, a ete verifiee en utilisant un code Monte-Carlo monodimensionel. Les resultats obtenus concordent avec des mesures experimentales effectuees dans le coeur et reacteur de la pile Aquilon. (auteurs)

Une activité politique féminine conservatrice avant le droit de suffrage en France et en Italie. Sociohistoire de la politisation des femmes catholiques au sein de la Ligue patriotique des Françaises (1902-1933 et de l’Unione fra le donne cattoliche d’Italia (1909-1919.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magali Della Sudda

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Cette recherche historique qui croise les apports des études de genre, de la science politique et de la sociologie religieuse met en lumière la façon singulière dont les militantes d’action féminine catholique sont venues à la politique en France et en Italie durant les premières décennies du XXe siècle. Deux associations catholiques féminines de masse ont fait l’objet de cette analyse comparée : la Ligue patriotique des Françaises active de 1902 à 1933 et l’Unione fra le donne cattoliche d’I...

ZINC ET PROFIL IMMUNO-INFLAMMATOIRE CHEZ LES ENFANTS ET LES ADOLESCENTS DIABETIQUES DE TYPE 1

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BESTAOUI, Abdelaziz

2014-01-01

Introduction : le diabète de type 1 (DT1) est une maladie autoimmune qui résulte de la destruction progressive et sélective des cellules-bêta pancréatiques. Objectifs : Ce travail consiste à déterminer les nivaux de zinc apporté par l’alimentation et de mesurer sa concentration sérique chez les diabétiques de type 1 et les sujets sains, contrôles. But : Montrer le rôle immuno-modulateur du zinc dans le processus d’auto-immunité inflammatoire au cours de DT1. Matériels et méthodes : t...

Jacques Poloni-Simard, La Mosaïque indienne. Mobilité, stratification sociale et métissage dans le corregimiento de Cuenca (Équateur) du xvie au xviiie siècle

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Gruzinski, Serge

2008-01-01

L’étude de Jacques Poloni-Simard captivera tous ceux qui s’intéressent à l’histoire économique et sociale de l’Amérique espagnole, à la fois parce qu’elle ajoute un nouveau chapitre à l’historiographie de l’Équateur et qu’elle développe une approche de bout en bout fondée sur une méthodologie originale et rigoureuse. Les Indiens de Cuenca et de sa région sont au cœur d’un ouvrage qui, sous la forme d’un triptyque, rassemble et analyse tout ce que les sources espagnoles peuvent nous apporter s...

Weber Stefan, Damascus. Ottoman Modernity and Urban Transformation, 1808-1918, Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 2009, 2 volumes, 464 + 664 p., 7 planches.

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Brigitte Marino

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Cet ouvrage monumental en deux volumes est issu d’une thèse de doctorat que Stefan Weber a élaborée alors qu’il était membre du Deutsche Archäologische Institut (DAI, à Damas, et soutenue à l’Université de Berlin en 2001. Comme ses prédécesseurs allemands –d’abord K. Wulzinger et C. Watzinger (1924, puis D. Sack (1989 –, l’auteur apporte une importante contribution à notre connaissance de la ville de Damas. Il s’interroge sur la modernité ottomane qui a transformé la ville au cours du xixe...

A survey of time management and particular tasks undertaken by consultant microbiologists in the UK.

Science.gov (United States)

Riordan, Terry; Cartwright, Keith; Cunningham, Richard; Logan, Margaret; Wright, Paul

2007-05-01

Medical microbiology practice encompasses a diverse range of activities. Consultant medical microbiologists (CMMs) attribute widely differing priorities to, and spend differing proportions of time on various components of the job. To obtain a professional consensus on what are high-priority and low-priority activities, and to identify the time spent on low-priority activities. National survey. Many respondents felt that time spent on report authorisation and telephoning of results was excessive, whereas time spent on ward-based work was inadequate. Timesaving could also be achieved through better prioritisation of infection-control activities. CMMs should apportion their time at work focusing on high-priority activities identified through professional consensus.

Jean-Pierre Famose et Jean Bertsch, L’estime de soi : une controverse éducative, Paris, PUF, 2009, 192 p

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Benamar, Aïcha

2015-01-01

L’ouvrage porte sur l’estime de soi, dans la sphère sociale en général et le monde éducatif en particulier. L’estime de soi est au cœur du comportement individuel, apportant confiance et assurance, permettant de progresser et in fine de réussir. Une faible estime de soi est fréquemment à l’origine de difficultés pour un individu : doutes, hésitations, ou à l’inverse vanité et arrogance. Un bon niveau d’estime de soi confère à la personnalité : capacité à s’affirmer et respect des autres. Cent...

V. Cohen-Scali (dir.). Les métiers en psychologie sociale et du travail. Évaluer les individus et intervenir en entreprise

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Gaudron, Jean-Philippe

2009-01-01

Quelles activités peut-on exercer quand on choisit d’entreprendre un D.E.S.S. de psychologie dans le champ du travail ? C’est à cette question que se posent tant d’étudiants que les auteurs tentent d’apporter des éléments de réponse. Mais l’ouvrage veut s’adresser également à tous ceux qui s’intéressent à la psychologie exercée dans le champ du travail. Cet ouvrage comporte neuf chapitres, avec trois parties. À la suite de l’introduction de Valérie Cohen-Scali, Vincent Rogard présente dans un...

Asymmetric T lymphocyte division in the initiation of adaptive immune responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, John T; Palanivel, Vikram R; Kinjyo, Ichiko; Schambach, Felix; Intlekofer, Andrew M; Banerjee, Arnob; Longworth, Sarah A; Vinup, Kristine E; Mrass, Paul; Oliaro, Jane; Killeen, Nigel; Orange, Jordan S; Russell, Sarah M; Weninger, Wolfgang; Reiner, Steven L

2007-03-23

A hallmark of mammalian immunity is the heterogeneity of cell fate that exists among pathogen-experienced lymphocytes. We show that a dividing T lymphocyte initially responding to a microbe exhibits unequal partitioning of proteins that mediate signaling, cell fate specification, and asymmetric cell division. Asymmetric segregation of determinants appears to be coordinated by prolonged interaction between the T cell and its antigen-presenting cell before division. Additionally, the first two daughter T cells displayed phenotypic and functional indicators of being differentially fated toward effector and memory lineages. These results suggest a mechanism by which a single lymphocyte can apportion diverse cell fates necessary for adaptive immunity.

L'intermédialité au Portugal: bilan des rencontres scientifiques à l'ISMAI

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Célia; Rio Novo, Isabel

2015-01-01

Dans cet article nous nous proposons de dresser un bilan des apports critiques sur l’intermédialité issus des rencontres scientifiques que nous avons organisées, à l’Institut Universitaire de Maia (ISMAI), au Portugal. Lors de la première édition du Colloque International en Études d’Intermédialité, en 2009, le concept d’intermédialité avait déjà fait l’objet d’une réflexion systématique au Canada, surtout dans le contexte du CRI (Centre de Recherche sur l’Intermédialité), alors qu’il était, ...

Sophie Marret & Pascale Renaud-Grosbras, eds. Lectures et écritures du Mythe

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Jacqueline BERBEN-MASI

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Dense, érudit, diversifié, ce recueil d’articles fort approfondis et documentés explore le mythe sous de multiples facettes et formules en les illustrant au moyen d’applications littéraires sur des œuvres connues par tout lecteur de la littérature anglophone.Comme l’a signalé il y a presque un demi-siècle Joseph Campbell, l’universalité des thèmes du mythe chez l’Homme relève de notre psyché commune partagée. Cet ouvrage en apporte encore une preuve. Faire des recherches sur le mythe dans la ...

Penser la musique, Écouter les images. Lectures de Cahiers d’art, Jazz et Documents sur le jazz et le cinéma américains

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Turquety, Diane

2017-01-01

De 1926 à 1931, les revues d’art ou plus largement d’actualité intellectuelle, Cahiers d’art, Jazz et Documents, couvrent de façon inédite l’actualité du jazz et du cinéma américains, notamment. Sous le signe du populaire, de l’Amérique et d’un apport « exotique » incarné par la communauté noire américaine, ces spectacles sont hissés en de nouvelles références artistiques vecteurs d’une modernité idéale. Le jazz et le cinéma parlant deviennent alors, progressivement et selon des orientations ...

Tombes et cimetières éthiopiens : des rois, des saints, des anonymes1

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Derat, Marie-Laure

2009-01-01

L’histoire des tombes et cimetières éthiopiens, dans la longue durée, en est encore à ses balbutiements. Si les tombes des saints et des rois nous sont un peu mieux connus grâce à des textes témoignant à la fois des enjeux entourant les sépultures de ces personnages hors du commun et des soins apportés à leur inhumation, en revanche, les cimetières ordinaires échappent encore largement à l’enquête, en grande partie parce que le commun des mortels est inhumé dans l’anonymat et dans un grand dé...

İslâm Hukukunda Gâibin / Kayıp Kişinin Hükmen Ölü Sayılmasına Kadarki Süreçte Mallarının Yönetimi “Türk Medenî Kanunu ile Mukayeseli Olarak"

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Ali Aslan Topçuoğlu

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The laws concerning the lost people are still among the most important problems of our society today. Necessary precautions are taken both in Islamic law and Turkish Civil Code to prevent such ones from sustaining any financial loss. In this sense, their goods are not apportioned due to the probability that they may be alive, however, they are not accepted as an inheritor to a dying relative of theirs due to the probability that they may be dead. Also, the judge is granted the right to fix and keep the goods of these people. There ise a striking resemblance between the Islamic law and Turkish Civil Code

La théorie sémiotique littéraire de Michael Riffaterre : matrice, intertexte et interprétant

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John Hopkins

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Cette communication présentée lors d’un séminaire du CNA, présente une vision de la théorie littéraire de Michael Riffaterre et propose d’en compléter la portée par un apport théorique nouveau. La dernière partie examine les rapports de la théorie riffaterrienne avec le roman. Sémiotique, poésie, matrice, structure bimatricielle, Riffaterre, Baudelaire. Puisque je parle aux confins du Centre de Narratologie Appliquée, où l’on s’intéresse principalement aux questions de la structure et de...

Etude empirique de la relation entre le système monétaire et financier et la croissance économique

OpenAIRE

Ouni, Moez; Nejadan-Zarin, Milad

2011-01-01

La problématique de la relation entre le système financier, et de ses effets, et la croissance économique reste une question controversée. Elle est sujet d’un débat animé entre les différentes tendances économiques. L’objectif de la présente thèse est d’apporter des éclairages sur la nature de ladite relation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, Nous avons considéré le système financier composé du système bancaire, y compris la banque centrale, et de la bourse de valeurs, et la croissance économique...

Conflit foncier, reconfiguration territoriale et valeurs de la terre dans les montagnes de Cahabón (Guatemala)

OpenAIRE

Bergeret, Agnès

2016-01-01

Les montagnes tropicales de Cahabón (municipe du nord-est du Guatemala) ont connu en un demi-siècle une transformation radicale de leur configuration foncière et agricole. Les récits des acteurs locaux conduisent à étudier un conflit pour la terre très violent, dont les racines sont à chercher dans le dispositif du colonage construit à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle. Ils apportent des éléments complémentaires à la compréhension de la guerre interne guatémaltèque (1960-1996), souvent lue au t...

Le quartier épiscopal, campagne 2010, Byllis (Albanie

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Nicolas Beaudry

2011-09-01

Full Text Available La douzième campagne sur le site de Byllis a occupé deux semaines, du 16 au 30 mai 2010. Rappelons que ces travaux s’effectuent sous l’égide de l’ÉfA et du MAE, qui les financent à parité, avec un apport aujourd’hui presque équivalent du Fond québécois pour la recherche scientifique et culturelle et de l’université du Québec à Rimouski, en collaboration avec l’Institut archéologique de Tirana et le Parc archéologique de Byllis .La mission de 2010 avait pourseul objectif de terminer la fouille...

Robert Rogers KORSTAD. Civil Rights Unionism. Tobacco Workers and the Struggle for Democracy in the Mid-Twentieth Century South.

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Claude Julien

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Ce livre constitue un apport précieux, ne serait-ce que parce qu’il ne manque pas de provoquer la réflexion. Le sujet en est la section 22 de la Food, Tobacco, Agricultural and Allied Workers of America (FTA, affiliée au CIO, et son combat au cours des années quarante contre R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company et ses appuis — tant locaux que nationaux. Cette percée syndicale impliquant environ dix mille ouvriers dont plusieurs centaines de blancs se déroula à proprement parler de la grève de 1943 ...

Un système de pilotage de la performance publique à dominante managériale : analyse de l'expérience de Dubaï

OpenAIRE

Fninou , Bouchra; Meyssonnier , François

2013-01-01

Le mode de gestion de l’administration publique de Dubaï est très spécifique. Après avoir présenté les caractéristiques de la cité-État et les facteurs de contingence s’exerçant sur son administration, le système de pilotage de la performance publique de Dubaï, fondé sur les principes du New Public Management est décrit et analysé. L’article montre la cohérence, les apports et les limites de cette démarche emblématique d’une modernisation de l’administration publique fondée sur la culture du ...

Les traductions de bandes dessinées : un témoignage de dessinateur

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Jombart, Loïc

2016-01-01

C’est mon simple témoignage d’auteur de bandes dessinées qui a eu l’occasion de préparer son travail en amont, en fonction des futures traductions qui pourraient être faites de son œuvre que je voudrais apporter. En 2002, l’École supérieure d’application du génie d’Angers (ESAG), qui a la particularité d’avoir en son sein le Centre national de déminage humanitaire, a lancé un appel à projet pour réaliser un document, destiné à des soldats formateurs en déminage qui partaient sur les théâtres ...

J.-P. Giraud, F. Pons, Th. Janin, dir., Nécropoles protohistoriques de la région de Castres (Tarn. Le Causse, Gourjade, Le Martinet. Volume 1 : études et synthèses, 276 p. ; volume 2 : catalogue des ensembles funéraires, 268 p. ; volume 3 : planches du mobilier, 231 p., DAF n° 94

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Pierre-Yves Milcent

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Entre 1987 et 1995, plusieurs campagnes de fouilles préventives ont permis l'exploration de trois importantes nécropoles à incinération de la fin de l'âge du Bronze et du premier âge du Fer dans les environs de Castres, en Midi-Pyrénées. Trois volumes, l'un de planches, un autre de description et un troisième d'analyse et de synthèse, nous apportent, dans des délais qu'il faut saluer pour leur brièveté, la publication exhaustive d'un corpus exceptionnel par la quantité des informations collec...

L'intelligence artificielle : nouveau levier de croissance pour les industries pharmaceutiques

OpenAIRE

Habbal , Lina

2017-01-01

La présente thèse étudie les applications de l’intelligence artificielle dans les différents aspects de la stratégie des industries de santé ainsi que leur apport.En effet, depuis les années 2000, les laboratoires pharmaceutiques font face à une crise liée à une perte d’efficacité générale en termes d’innovation et la tombée de brevet de molécules phares dans le domaine publique.Les décisions prises dans la gestion de cette crise, notamment la multiplication des mouvements de fusion acquisiti...

Edgard Pisani (dir., 2007, Une politique mondiale pour nourrir le monde, Ed. Springer.

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Benoît Lallau

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Voilà un ouvrage, qui, si j’ose dire, tombe bien. Ces derniers mois, les mauvaises nouvelles s’accumulent en effet sur la question alimentaire : renchérissement des denrées de base, grogne au Nord, émeutes de la faim au Sud. Des mauvaises nouvelles qui conduisent, il n’est que temps, à de nouveau débattre sérieusement de cette question. Et cet ouvrage apporte une contribution précieuse à ces débats, en avançant, dès son titre, une proposition essentielle : les tensions actuelles ne se résoudr...

Cumulative exergy losses associated with the production of lead metal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szargut, J [Technical Univ. of Silesia, Gliwice (PL). Inst. of Thermal-Engineering; Morris, D R [New Brunswick Univ., Fredericton, NB (Canada). Dept. of Chemical Engineering

1990-08-01

Cumulative exergy losses result from the irreversibility of the links of a technological network leading from raw materials and fuels extracted from nature to the product under consideration. The sum of these losses can be apportioned into partial exergy losses (associated with particular links of the technological network) or into constituent exergy losses (associated with constituent subprocesses of the network). The methods of calculation of the partial and constituent exergy losses are presented, taking into account the useful byproducts substituting the major products of other processes. Analyses of partial and constituent exergy losses are made for the technological network of lead metal production. (author).

Spectroscopie d'impédance electrochimique locale : caracterisation de la de lamination des peintures et de la corrosion des alliages Al-Cu

OpenAIRE

Jorcin, Jean-Baptiste

2007-01-01

Ce travail est consacré à l'étude, au développement et à différentes applications de la spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique locale ou SIEL. La première partie de ce mémoire se focalise sur la description et le développement de la SIEL tant d'un point de vue expérimental que théorique. La seconde partie présente trois applications différentes dans lesquelles la SIEL apporte des informations déterminantes. La première application est consacrée à l'étude du CPE (constant phase element). Ce...

Gestion des risques, valorisation et stratégie : applications aux industries agro-alimentaire et de transport aérien

OpenAIRE

Hassane Amadou, Rahila

2014-01-01

Ce travail de recherche apporte des éléments de compréhension supplémentaires sur l’impact des stratégies de gestion des risques sur la valeur et sur la stratégie des entreprises. Une première analyse examine un échantillon de 378 observations d’entreprises du secteur agroalimentaire sur 5 ans. Il ressort de cette analyse que l’intensité d’utilisation des produits dérivés pour couvrir les risques de change, taux d’intérêt et prix des matières premières n’influence pas sensiblement la valeur d...

Retroactive insurance may fund TMI-2 cleanup

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1981-01-01

A Pennsylvania task force recommended that nuclear utilities insure their plants with a mandatory national property insurance program. The proposed Nuclear Powerplant Property Damage Insurance Act of 1981 will cover the cleanup costs of onsite damage in excess of $350 million for a single accident ($50 million when private insurance is added on) and a ceiling of two billion dollars. Participation in the insurance pool would be in conjunction with licensing and would permit no grandfathering. Total payout for Three Mile Island-2 would cover 75% of the cleanup costs, the remainder to be apportioned among other parties. The insurance pool will have a $750 million goal supported by utility premiums

Shaping Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1872-1919

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Patrice Chevalier

2006-10-01

Full Text Available En s’intéressant de près au fonctionnement du gouvernement ottoman lors de la seconde occupation du Yémen, entre 1872 et 1919, la thèse de Thomas Kühn vise non seulement à combler des lacunes concernant notre connaissance de cette période historique charnière, mais également à apporter un éclairage essentiel à la compréhension de l’histoire contemporaine yéménite, à travers une analyse approfondie de la nature spécifique du colonialisme ottoman et de ses impacts. Par cette étude, l’auteur amb...

Extended producer responsibility for packaging wastes and WEEE - a comparison of implementation and the role of local authorities across Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Cahill, Rachel; Grimes, Sue M; Wilson, David C

2011-05-01

A comparison of the implementation of extended producer responsibility (EPR) to packaging waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is presented for a representative sample of eleven European Union countries based on five indicators: stakeholders and responsibilities; compliance mechanisms; role of local authorities; financing mechanisms and merits and limitations, with four countries selected for more detailed case study analysis. Similarities, trends and differences in national systems are highlighted with particular focus on the role of local authorities and their relationship with obligated producers and the effect on the operation and success of each system. The national systems vary considerably in design, in terms of influence of pre-existing policy and systems, methods of achieving producer compliance (multiple or single collective schemes), fee structures, targets, waste stream prioritization and local authority involvement. Differing approaches are evident across all member states with respect to the role played by local authorities, responsibility apportioned to them, and the evolution of working relationships between obligated producers and municipalities. On the whole, EPR for packaging and WEEE has been successfully implemented throughout Europe in terms of Directive targets. It is, however, clear that the EPR systems currently in application across Europe differ primarily due to contrasting opinion on the legitimacy of local authorities as stakeholders and, in some cases, a fear on the part of industry of associated costs. Where local authorities have been engaged in the design and implementation of national systems, existing infrastructure used and defined roles established for producers and local authorities, results have been significantly more positive than in the cases where local authorities have had limited engagement.

Apport de l'imagerie dans le diagnostic des sacroiliites infectieuses : à propos de 19 cas

Science.gov (United States)

Abid, Hanen; Chaabouni, Salim; Frikha, Faten; Toumi, Nozha; Souissi, Basma; Lahiani, Dorra; Bahloul, Zouhir; Ben Mahfoudh, Khaireddine

2014-01-01

Les sacro-iliites infectieuses méritent d’être mieux connues. Leur diagnostic est souvent retardé en raison d'une symptomatologie trompeuse et des diffcultés d'exploration de l'articulation sacro-iliaque. Notre travail est basé sur une étude rétrospective portant sur les cas de SII, recueillis sur une période comprise entre 1997 et 2008 dans notre centre universitaire Sfax-Tunisie. Le diagnostic de sacro-iliite était retenu en présence d'arguments cliniques et radiologiques d'atteinte sacroiliaque. Nous rapportons dix neuf cas de sacroiliites infectieuses (10 hommes et 9 femmes), avec un âge moyen de 32 ans. L'atteinte était unilatérale dans tous les cas. Les radiographies standard faites dans tous les cas ont été suggestives dans 14 cas et normales dans les autres cas. La TDM faite dans 13 cas a montré, un abcès des parties molles dans 8 cas et un séquestre osseux dans 2 cas. L'IRM réalisée dans 8 cas, a objectivé une infiltration des parties molles dans tous les cas et un abcès dans 3 cas. Le germe a été identifié dans 9 cas (3 cas de tuberculose, 3 cas de brucellose, 2 sacro-iliites à pyogène et un cas de candidose). Cette identification était faite par biopsie dans 3 cas, hémocultures dans 2 cas, prélèvement au niveau de la porte d'entrée dans 1 cas et sérodiagnostic dans 3 cas. Pour les autres cas, l'origine pyogène a été retenue sur des arguments cliniques et biologiques. L'imagerie joue un rôle primordial dans le diagnostic précoce et l'orientation étiologique d'une sacroiliite infectieuse. PMID:25120884

Gestion des apports organiques en systèmes de culture maraîchers sous abri

OpenAIRE

Bressoud, miss Frédérique; Parès, miss Laure

2003-01-01

Afin d’améliorer les pratiques de fertilisation en maraîchage biologique, la minéralisation de 2 types de composts est évaluée par différentes méthodes sur plusieurs cultures salade-tomate successives. Les premiers résultats montrent une contribution de ces composts à l’alimentation de la culture estivale, sans incidence sur les rendements récoltés.

Geochemical controls of the oils acidity in petroleum reservoirs; Controles geochimiques de l'acidite des huiles dans les reservoirs petroliers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rouquette, N.

2004-12-01

Within the framework of this thesis, we were interested in the study of acid oils. Thus, after having developed an analytical method to separate acids from crude oils, this one was applied to the analysis of several series of acid oils presenting various degrees of biodegradation. In the first chapter devoted to their molecular study, it was shown that the alteration of the organic matter proceeds according to a quasi-stepwise order and that the major part of the carboxylic acids appeared as an Unresolved Complex Mixture. The only identified resolved compounds were apparently not formed by biodegradation of the oil in place but rather seem either to have been incorporated during oil migration, or to correspond to compounds initially present in the reservoir rock. Among those, we isolated and identified by NMR a new higher plant tri-terpenic derivative, the 24-nor,28-lupanoic acid. In the second chapter, a new method to evaluate acidity, applicable to small quantities of oil, was developed. This one is based on the methylation of the acid species by iodo-methane marked with carbon 13. In the case of a series from the Gulf of Guinea tested initially, the enrichment after labelling presents a perfect correlation with the values of acidity measured by the TAN method (for 'Total Acid Number'). The isotopic labelling method was applied later to a broader range of oil samples. As a whole, a linear correlation seems to exist between {sup 13}C labelling and TAN index, which lets consider that this method could represent an interesting alternative to the measurement of the TAN index in oil exploration. (author)

Spent solid catalysts of chemical industry and petroleum refining; Les catalyseurs solides uses de l`industrie chimique et du raffinage petrolier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paillier, A; Briand, Y

1997-12-31

The aim of this work is the analysis of the heterogeneous catalysis. In a first part are given the utilizing sectors. There are mainly the petroleum refining, the chemical industry and the environment. A catalyst is chosen according to its selectivity and velocity, its cost and the wastes it induces. Thus are found three main heterogeneous catalysts series: the bulky metals, the supported metals: precious or heavy or their compounds, the zeolites and other silico-aluminates. Their most frequent uses are given. The catalysts used in the main petroleum refining processes (distillation, catalytic hydro-treatment, desulfurization, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, catalytic hydrocracking, alkylation) are also detailed. The second part deals with the spent solid catalysts. The reasons of the deactivation (poisons or contaminants, structure modification) are given. The spent catalysts are either regenerated or eliminated. The regeneration methods are described. The solid catalysts cannot be stored without being stabilized (decrease of its water permeability and of its leachable fraction). The stabilization methods are reviewed. The regulations on the spent solid catalysts are given in the last part. (O.M.)

Spent solid catalysts of chemical industry and petroleum refining; Les catalyseurs solides uses de l`industrie chimique et du raffinage petrolier

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paillier, A.; Briand, Y.

1996-12-31

The aim of this work is the analysis of the heterogeneous catalysis. In a first part are given the utilizing sectors. There are mainly the petroleum refining, the chemical industry and the environment. A catalyst is chosen according to its selectivity and velocity, its cost and the wastes it induces. Thus are found three main heterogeneous catalysts series: the bulky metals, the supported metals: precious or heavy or their compounds, the zeolites and other silico-aluminates. Their most frequent uses are given. The catalysts used in the main petroleum refining processes (distillation, catalytic hydro-treatment, desulfurization, catalytic reforming, catalytic cracking, catalytic hydrocracking, alkylation) are also detailed. The second part deals with the spent solid catalysts. The reasons of the deactivation (poisons or contaminants, structure modification) are given. The spent catalysts are either regenerated or eliminated. The regeneration methods are described. The solid catalysts cannot be stored without being stabilized (decrease of its water permeability and of its leachable fraction). The stabilization methods are reviewed. The regulations on the spent solid catalysts are given in the last part. (O.M.)

A manual to identify sources of fluvial sediment

Science.gov (United States)

Gellis, Allen C.; Fitzpatrick, Faith A.; Schubauer-Berigan, Joseph

2016-01-01

sediment sources early in the design of the sediment budget will help later in deciding which tools are necessary to monitor erosion and/or deposition at these sources. Tools can range from rapid inventories to estimate the sediment budget or quantifying sediment erosion, deposition, and export through more rigorous field monitoring. In either approach, data are gathered and erosion and deposition calculations are determined and compared to the sediment export with a description of the error uncertainty. Findings are presented to local stakeholders and management officials.Sediment fingerprinting is a technique that apportions the sources of fine-grained sediment in a watershed using tracers or fingerprints. Due to different geologic and anthropogenic histories, the chemical and physical properties of sediment in a watershed may vary and often represent a unique signature (or fingerprint) for each source within the watershed. Fluvial sediment samples (the target sediment) are also collected and exhibit a composite of the source properties that can be apportioned through various statistical techniques. Using an unmixing-model and error analysis, the final apportioned sediment is determined.

Database construction for assessment of chronic radionuclide releases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hively, L.M.; Sjoreen, A.L.; Bledsoe, J.L.

1986-01-01

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a comprehensive dose/risk assessment methodology, CRRIS (Computerized Radiological Risk Investigation System), for assessment of atmospheric radionuclide releases (e.g., during decontamination and decommissioning). Radiological effects are calculated for direct atmospheric and ground exposure and for consumption of contaminated agricultural products. Previously, population and agricultural data for CRRIS were tabulated on 1/2-degree square grid cells. This coarse resolution resulted in anomalies such as population in water bodies, agricultural production in city centers, and nonconservation of population over the assessment grid. An even finer mesh (2-minute square grid) is inadequate in densely populated cities where 20,000 or more people live in a square block. These difficulties are overcome by a higher resolution technique using US Census Bureau population data at the most detailed [enumeration district (ED)] level available and by excluding population from unpopulated areas (e.g., water bodies). Agricultural data are available at only the county level and are apportioned to the ED grid according to farm population, conserving the original data. This paper discusses the database construction using Tennessee as an illustration. 10 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

Micro-level analysis of distributional changes in health care financing in Finland.

Science.gov (United States)

Klavus, J; Häkkinen, U

1998-01-01

In the early 1990s the Finnish economy suffered a severe recession at the same time as health care reforms were taking place. This study examines the effects of these changes on the distribution of contributions to health care financing in relation to household income. Explanations for changes in various indicators of health care expenditure and use during that time are offered. The analysis is based partly on actual income data and partly on simulated data from the base year (1990). It employs methods that allow the estimation of confidence intervals for inequality indices (the Gini coefficient and Kakwani's progressivity index). In spite of the substantial decrease in real incomes during the recession, the distribution of income remained almost unaltered. The share of total health care funding derived from poorer households increased somewhat, due purely to structural changes. The financial plight of the public sector led to the share of total funding from progressive income taxes to decrease, while regressive indirect taxes and direct payments by households contributed more. It seems that, aside from an increased financing burden on poorer households, Finland's health care system has withstood the tremendous changes of the early 1990s fairly well. This is largely attributable to the features of the tax-financed health care system, which apportions the effects of financial and functional disturbances equitably.

Fiscal 1999 research report. Basic research for promotion of joint implementation programs (Research on energy saving plan for NORSI Refinery); 1999 nendo NORSI seiyusho sho energy keikaku chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

This is a feasibility study desired to connect to a joint implementation program in the future, which plans to modify the oil refining system now in existence at the NORSI Refinery in the Russian Federation. The modification plan for energy efficiency improvement consists of (1) the reconstruction of the heat exchanger network, addition of three high-efficiency heating furnaces, and the introduction of stripping steam into the pre-distillation tower for the atmospheric/vacuum distillation system, (2) the addition of two combined heat exchangers, replacement of the reboiler with a steam reboiler, and the use of reflux line in the deethanization tower for the reforming section of the catalytic reforming unit, and (3) the addition of combined heat exchangers and the installation of two high-efficiency heater furnaces for the hydrodesulfurization unit for kerosene and light oil. The plan requires 40,470,000 dollars, and will save 48,000 tons/year in terms of oil and reduce CO2 emissions by 120,000 tons/year. No settlement has been reached, however, about financing, agreement to cost performance, or apportioning of the amount of reduction in CO2 emissions to the parties involved in case of transfer under a joint implementation program. It is desired that these problems will be solved for the promotion of the project. (NEDO)

Gestion des bio-agresseurs et réduction des pesticides en culture de laitue sous abris froids : apports croisés d’expérimentations factorielles et systémiques

OpenAIRE

Barrière , Virginie

2015-01-01

The reduction of pesticide reliance in lettuce cropping systems is a short term objective sharedby public authorities and by the stakeholders of lettuce market. Reaching this goal implies thesubstitution of pesticides by others techniques which may limit pest and pathogen damage. Thesetechniques can be intended to mitigate pest and pathogen invasion or propagation, to increaseplant defenses or to remove pests and pathogens from the crop. The improvement of currentcropping systems relies on i)...

Spatio-temporal variation of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, L.Y.; Chen, Y.; Xie, S.D.

2013-01-01

Aiming to reduce the large uncertainties of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions estimation, the emission inventory of BVOCs in China at a high spatial and temporal resolution of 36 km × 36 km and 1 h was established using MEGANv2.1 with MM5 providing high-resolution meteorological data, based on the most detailed and latest vegetation investigations. BVOC emissions from 82 plant functional types in China were computed firstly. More local species-specific emission rates were developed combining statistical analysis and category classification, and the leaf biomass was estimated based on vegetation volume and production with biomass-apportion models. The total annual BVOC emissions in 2003 were 42.5 Tg, including isoprene 23.4 Tg, monoterpene 5.6 Tg, sesquiterpene 1.0 Tg, and other VOCs (OVOCs) 12.5 Tg. Subtropical and tropical evergreen and deciduous broadleaf shrubs, Quercus, and bamboo contributed more than 45% to the total BVOC emissions. The highest biogenic emissions were found over northeastern, southeastern, and southwestern China. Strong seasonal pattern was observed with the highest BVOC emissions in July and the lowest in January and December, with daily emission peaked at approximately 13:00 or 14:00 local time. -- Highlights: •An emission inventory of BVOCs in China at a high spatial and temporal resolution of 36 km and 1 h is established. •High-resolution meteorological data simulated by MM5 is used. •We update the land cover data used in MEGAN based on the most detailed and latest vegetation investigations. •A new vegetation classification with 82 plant functional types is developed in MEGAN. •The leaf biomass is estimated based on vegetation volume and production with biomass-apportion models. -- An emission inventory of BVOCs in China was established based on the most detailed and latest vegetation investigations, and high-resolution meteorological data

Primary and secondary organic aerosols in summer 2016 in Beijing

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Rongzhi; Wu, Zepeng; Li, Xiao; Wang, Yujue; Shang, Dongjie; Xiao, Yao; Li, Mengren; Zeng, Limin; Wu, Zhijun; Hallquist, Mattias; Hu, Min; Guo, Song

2018-03-01

To improve air quality, the Beijing government has employed several air pollution control measures since the 2008 Olympics. In order to investigate organic aerosol sources after the implementation of these measures, ambient fine particulate matter was collected at a regional site in Changping (CP) and an urban site at the Peking University Atmosphere Environment Monitoring Station (PKUERS) during the Photochemical Smog in China field campaign in summer 2016. Chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling and the tracer yield method were used to apportion primary and secondary organic sources. Our results showed that the particle concentration decreased significantly during the last few years. The apportioned primary and secondary sources explained 62.8 ± 18.3 and 80.9 ± 27.2 % of the measured OC at CP and PKUERS, respectively. Vehicular emissions served as the dominant source. Except for gasoline engine emissions, the contributions of all the other primary sources decreased. In addition, the anthropogenic SOC, i.e., toluene SOC, also decreased, implying that deducting primary emissions can reduce anthropogenic SOA. In contrast to the SOA from other regions in the world where biogenic SOA was dominant, anthropogenic SOA was the major contributor to SOA, implying that deducting anthropogenic VOC emissions is an efficient way to reduce SOA in Beijing. Back-trajectory cluster analysis results showed that high mass concentrations of OC were observed when the air mass was from the south. However, the contributions of different primary organic sources were similar, suggesting regional particle pollution. The ozone concentration and temperature correlated well with the SOA concentration. Different correlations between day and night samples suggested different SOA formation pathways. Significant enhancement of SOA with increasing particle water content and acidity was observed in our study, suggesting that aqueous-phase acid-catalyzed reactions may be the important SOA formation

L'introduction des agents pathogènes dans les écosystèmes aquatiques : aspects théoriques et réalités

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

BLANC G.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available La multiplicité des introductions ou translocations de poissons, mollusques ou crustacés s'est largement amplifiée dans les dernières décennies et s'est accompagnée de multiples introductions d'agents pathogènes dans les hydrosystèmes naturels. L'analyse de la diversité des sources de ces agents pathogènes montre que certaines voies sont encore largement sous-évaluées aujourd'hui. L'amélioration apportée aux méthodologies et aux techniques d'identification a récemment permis un progrès spectaculaire dans la traçabilité des agents pathogènes et dans l'analyse de leurs introductions. Elle apporte, en partie, les clarifications nécessaires pour tenter de faire le bilan des introductions mais pose nettement le problème du seuil de perception de l'intrus. Une revue de la littérature a permis de recenser environ une centaine d'introductions relativement récentes d'agents pathogènes dans les hydrosystèmes naturels européens. Les caractères biologiques lato sensu favorables à la naturalisation des agents pathogènes introduits sont présentés. La diversité et la non-prédictibilité des impacts consécutifs à ces introductions sont ensuite détaillées à la lumière des études de terrain et de l'écologie théorique de la relation hôte-pathogène. Un cadre conceptuel d'analyse de risque est succinctement délimité pour évaluer ces introductions et des recommandations sont proposées.

Chemical speciation and source apportionment of Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOCs) in a Middle Eastern country

Science.gov (United States)

Salameh, Therese; Sauvage, Stéphane; Afif, Charbel; Borbon, Agnès; Locoge, Nadine

2014-05-01

NMVOCs, emitted from various sources, are of particular interest since they contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone, PAN and secondary organic aerosols resulting in negative impacts on human health, climate and on the environment. To identify abatement measures, a profound knowledge of emission sources and their composition is a prerequisite. Air pollution in the Middle East region remains difficult to assess and understand because of a lack of ground-based measurements and the limited information on NMVOC chemical speciation and source apportionment. Based on a large database of NMVOC observations obtained in Beirut, the capital of Lebanon (a developing country in the Middle East region, located in Western Asia on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea), the overall objective of this work is to apportion the sources of NMVOCs encountered in Lebanon. First, source profiles were determined with field measurements close to the main potential emitters namely the road transport, gasoline vapour, power generation and solvent uses. The results obtained are compared to other studies held in other regions and are used to assess the emission inventory developed for Lebanon. Secondly, two intensive field campaigns were held in a receptor site in Beirut during summer 2011 and winter 2012 in order to obtain a large time resolved dataset. The PMF analysis of this dataset was applied to apportion anthropogenic sources in this area. In both seasons, combustion (road transport and power generation) and gasoline evaporation, especially in winter, were the main sources contributing to the NMVOCs in Beirut. The results will support model implementation especially by completing the emission inventory established for the year 2010 by Waked et al. 2012 according to the EEA/EMEP guidelines because of the lack of Lebanon-specific emission factor.

Cerebral blood flow and metabolism analysis in parkinsonian disorders; Pathologie extrapyramidale. Apport de l'imagerie de perfusion et du metabolisme (TEP, TEM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Defebvre, L. [Hopital Roger Salengro, Service de Neurologie, 59 - Lille (France)

1999-12-01

Main metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities detected by single photon emission computerized tomography and positron emission tomography in extra-pyramidal disorders are reported. In the first stage of Parkinson's disease, cortical metabolism and perfusion can be in normal range or moderately and uniformly reduced. A significant decrease may appear with the disease evolution. Marked abnormalities are observed in parkinsonian patients with dementia (subcortical dementia), involving especially the frontal cortex. A marked diffuse cortical hypo-metabolism (temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal cortex) may suggest the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies, especially in case of fluctuating cognitive decline with recurrent visual hallucinations. In progressive supra-nuclear palsy, a frontal cortex hypo-metabolism is reported precociously, preceding sometimes the cognitive impairment. Metabolic pattern find in multiple system atrophy reflects dysfunction of both nigrostriatal pathways and striatum, with a decrease glucose uptake in putamen and caudate nucleus which also involves cerebellum for the patients with cerebellar syndrome. In cortico-basal degeneration, asymmetric fronto-parietal and striatal hypo-metabolism observed in the controlateral hemisphere to the clinically most affected side, constitute the main characteristic well correlated with apraxia. (author)

Mondialisation et enjeux géo-culturels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Claval

2007-06-01

Full Text Available La culture est l’ensemble de ce qui n’est pas inné en nous : elle est faite de ce qu’on nous a appris et de ce que notre expérience nous apporte. Elle nous relie au passé, elle nous donne les moyens d’agir au présent, elle nous tourne vers l’avenir. Elle est véhiculée par des signes, des représentations. Elle enveloppe le monde où nous vivons : celui-ci ne nous est jamais donné directement (Claval, 1995 : 2003.Etant transmise, la culture porte la marque des moyens de communication mis en œuv...

Le community manager ou animateur de communauté Web : quel nouvel acteur de la formation à distance ?

OpenAIRE

Savarieau, Béatrice; Guégan, Julie

2017-01-01

La recherche présentée s’est déroulée au sein de la Commission européenne (organe exécutif de l’Union européenne employant 33 000 agents) au cours de l’année 2016. Elle questionne le rôle du community manager, ou animateur de communautés, dans la médiation des savoirs. L’objectif est de définir les contours de ses interventions et de ses apports dans la formation (dispositifs pédagogiques qui visent notamment à renforcer l’efficacité de l’apprentissage et son lien avec le poste de travail), p...

Stratégies d'argumentation et de politesse dans les conversations d'affaires

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thomsen, Christa

En analysant les communications téléphoniques d'affaires grâce aux instruments méthodologiques les plus récents, l'ouvrage analyse un type d'interactions peu étudiées jusqu'à présent et apporte ainsi une contribution originale à la structure de celles-ci. L'étude décrit pour la première fois l......'articulation de deux dimensions fondamentales des interactions verbales: les stratégies d'argumentation et de politesse. Pour ce faire, l'auteur combine différentes approches (trop souvent considérées comme mutuellement exclusives) en tant que moyen heuristique pour expliquer des phénomènes paraverbaux...

History of the Wars (1721-1738). Annotated translation by George A. Bournoutian, Costa Mesa, CA, Mazda, 1999, 111 p.

OpenAIRE

Hellot, Florence

2010-01-01

Voici encore un récit des événements qui ont amené la chute d’Ispahan, capitale safavide, puis le couronnement de Nāder Šāh en 1736. L’auteur du texte primitif, déposé dans les archives mékhitaristes de Venise, reste inconnu ; il a écrit ce récit en dialecte vernaculaire d’Erevan. Des additifs introduits au 18e s. aboutissent à cette Histoire des Guerres. L’ensemble apporte des connaissances très précises sur la première moitié du 18e s. à Erevan, et sur les relations des Arméniens, des Russe...

Étude des motivations et des attentes des touristes chinois en séjour à Chiang Mai, Thaïlande: Proposition d’amélioration des produits et services pour l’hôtel «Swiss-Lanna Lodge»

OpenAIRE

Kucina, André; Broccard, Manu

2016-01-01

L’objectif de ce travail est d’apporter des pistes d’amélioration au Swiss-Lanna Lodge, établissement hôtelier deux étoiles sis à Chiang Mai, Thaïlande. Ceci dans le but de mieux répondre aux attentes des hôtes chinois afin de les fidéliser et augmenter cette part de marché. Des statistiques liées au Swiss-Lanna Lodge ont été réalisées, permettant ainsi de définir les enjeux liés à l’établissement. Une étude du marché émetteur chinois à été conduite ainsi que le profil interculturel de la...

Short-term variability of primary production and inorganic nitrogen uptake related to the environmental conditions in a shallow coastal area (Gulf of Trieste, N Adriatic Sea)

OpenAIRE

Cantoni, C; Cozzi, S; Pecchiar, I; Cabrini, M; Mozeti, P; Catalano, G; Umani, Sf

2003-01-01

La production primaire et l’assimilation de nitrates et d’ammonium ont été mesurées en même temps que les facteurs du milieu entre octobre 1999 et février 2001 dans le golfe de Trieste. La variabilité est élevée en raison de l’action combinée des conditions météorologiques, de la circulation et des apports des rivières. La production primaire varie entre 0,2 et 15,9 μmol C dm–3 j–1 alors que l’assimilation de nitrates va de 0,8 à 442 nmol N dm–3 j–1, montrant une tendance identique au carbone...