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Sample records for system centaurus x-3

  1. A Chandra High-Resolution X-ray Image of Centaurus A.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kraft; Forman; Jones; Kenter; Murray; Aldcroft; Elvis; Evans; Fabbiano; Isobe; Jerius; Karovska; Kim; Prestwich; Primini; Schwartz; Schreier; Vikhlinin

    2000-03-01

    We present first results from a Chandra X-Ray Observatory observation of the radio galaxy Centaurus A with the High-Resolution Camera. All previously reported major sources of X-ray emission including the bright nucleus, the jet, individual point sources, and diffuse emission are resolved or detected. The spatial resolution of this observation is better than 1&arcsec; in the center of the field of view and allows us to resolve X-ray features of this galaxy not previously seen. In particular, we resolve individual knots of emission in the inner jet and diffuse emission between the knots. All of the knots are diffuse at the 1&arcsec; level, and several exhibit complex spatial structure. We find the nucleus to be extended by a few tenths of an arcsecond. Our image also suggests the presence of an X-ray counterjet. Weak X-ray emission from the southwest radio lobe is also seen, and we detect 63 pointlike galactic sources (probably X-ray binaries and supernova remnants) above a luminosity limit of approximately 1.7x1037 ergs s-1.

  2. Fermi-LAT and Suzaku observations of the radio galaxy Centaurus B

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Katsuta, J.; Tanaka, Y. T.; Stawarz, Ł.; O’Sullivan, S. P.; Cheung, C. C.

    2013-01-01

    Centaurus B is a nearby radio galaxy positioned in the southern hemisphere close to the Galactic plane. Here, in this work, we present a detailed analysis of about 43 months of accumulated Fermi-LAT data of the γ-ray counterpart of the source initially reported in the 2nd Fermi-LAT catalog, and of newly acquired Suzaku X-ray data. We confirm its detection at GeV photon energies and analyze the extension and variability of the γ-ray source in the LAT dataset, in which it appears as a steady γ-ray emitter. The X-ray core of Centaurus B is detected as a bright source of a continuum radiation. We do not detect, however, any diffuse X-ray emission from the known radio lobes, with the provided upper limit only marginally consistent with the previously claimed ASCA flux. Two scenarios that connect the X-ray and γ-ray properties are considered. In the first one, we assume that the diffuse non-thermal X-ray emission component is not significantly below the derived Suzaku upper limit. In this case, modeling the inverse-Compton emission shows that the observed γ-ray flux of the source may in principle be produced within the lobes. This association would imply that efficient in-situ acceleration of the radiating electrons is occurring and that the lobes are dominated by the pressure from the relativistic particles. In the second scenario, with the diffuse X-ray emission well below the Suzaku upper limits, the lobes in the system are instead dominated by the magnetic pressure. In this case, the observed γ-ray flux is not likely to be produced within the lobes, but instead within the nuclear parts of the jet. In conclusion, by means of synchrotron self-Compton modeling, we show that this possibility could be consistent with the broad-band data collected for the unresolved core of Centaurus B, including the newly derived Suzaku spectrum.

  3. The Centaurus cluster of galaxies. Pt. 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lucey, J.R.; Currie, M.J.; Dickens, R.J.

    1986-05-01

    Previous work by the authors has shown that the Centaurus cluster (α = 12sup(h) 47 delta = -41 0 ) is composed of two velocity components, Cen30 (mean velocity 3000 km s -1 ) and Cen45 (mean velocity 4500 km s -1 ), which very probably lie within one cluster. In this paper the internal structure of the cluster is described and the spatial and velocity distributions of the different galaxy types within the cluster are discussed. (author)

  4. Fermi-LAT and Suzaku Observations of the Radio Galaxy Centaurus B

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Katsuta, Junichiro

    2012-01-01

    CentaurusB is a nearby radio galaxy positioned in the Southern hemisphere close to the Galactic plane. Here we present a detailed analysis of about 43 months accumulation of Fermi-LAT data and of newly acquired Suzaku X-ray data for Centaurus B. The source is detected at GeV photon energies, although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that it is an artifact due to incorrect modeling of the bright Galactic diffuse emission in the region. The LAT image provides a weak hint of a spatial extension of the γ rays along the radio lobes, which is consistent with the lack of source variability in the GeV range. We note that the extension cannot be established statistically due to the low number of the photons. Surprisingly, we do not detect any diffuse emission of the lobes at X-ray frequencies, with the provided upper limit only marginally consistent with the previously claimed ASCA flux. The broad-band modeling shows that the observed γ-ray flux of the source may be produced within the lobes, if the diffuse non-thermal X-ray emission component is not significantly below the derived Suzaku upper limit. This association would imply that efficient in-situ acceleration of the ultrarelativistic particles is occurring and that the lobes are dominated by the pressure from the relativistic particles. However, if the diffuse X-ray emission is much below the Suzaku upper limits, the observed γ-ray flux is not likely to be produced within the lobes, but instead within the unresolved core of Centaurus B. In this case, the extended lobes could be dominated by the pressure of the magnetic field.

  5. Fermi-LAT and Suzaku Observations of the Radio Galaxy Centaurus B

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Katsuta, Junichiro; /Stanford U., HEPL /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Tanaka, Y.T.; /Hiroshima U.; Stawarz, L.; /JAXA, Sagamihara /Jagiellonian U., Astron. Observ.; O' Sullivan, S.P.; /Australia, CSIRO, Epping; Cheung, C.C.; /NAS, Washington, D.C.; Kataoka, J.; /Waseda U., RISE; Funk, S.; /Stanford U., HEPL /KIPAC, Menlo Park; Yuasa, T.; Odaka, H.; Takahashi, T.; /JAXA, Sagamihara; Svoboda, J.; /European Space Agency

    2012-08-17

    CentaurusB is a nearby radio galaxy positioned in the Southern hemisphere close to the Galactic plane. Here we present a detailed analysis of about 43 months accumulation of Fermi-LAT data and of newly acquired Suzaku X-ray data for Centaurus B. The source is detected at GeV photon energies, although we cannot completely exclude the possibility that it is an artifact due to incorrect modeling of the bright Galactic diffuse emission in the region. The LAT image provides a weak hint of a spatial extension of the {gamma} rays along the radio lobes, which is consistent with the lack of source variability in the GeV range. We note that the extension cannot be established statistically due to the low number of the photons. Surprisingly, we do not detect any diffuse emission of the lobes at X-ray frequencies, with the provided upper limit only marginally consistent with the previously claimed ASCA flux. The broad-band modeling shows that the observed {gamma}-ray flux of the source may be produced within the lobes, if the diffuse non-thermal X-ray emission component is not significantly below the derived Suzaku upper limit. This association would imply that efficient in-situ acceleration of the ultrarelativistic particles is occurring and that the lobes are dominated by the pressure from the relativistic particles. However, if the diffuse X-ray emission is much below the Suzaku upper limits, the observed {gamma}-ray flux is not likely to be produced within the lobes, but instead within the unresolved core of Centaurus B. In this case, the extended lobes could be dominated by the pressure of the magnetic field.

  6. THE JET HEATED X-RAY FILAMENT IN THE CENTAURUS A NORTHERN MIDDLE RADIO LOBE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kraft, R. P.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Murray, S. S.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.; Birkinshaw, M.; Worrall, D. M.

    2009-01-01

    We present results from a 40 ks XMM-Newton observation of the X-ray filament coincident with the southeast edge of the Centaurus A Northern Middle Radio Lobe (NML). We find that the X-ray filament consists of five spatially resolved X-ray knots embedded in a continuous diffuse bridge. The spectrum of each knot is well fitted by a thermal model with temperatures ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 keV and subsolar elemental abundances. In four of the five knots, nonthermal models are a poor fit to the spectra, conclusively ruling out synchrotron or IC/CMB mechanisms for their emission. The internal pressures of the knots exceed that of the ambient interstellar medium or the equipartition pressure of the NML by more than an order of magnitude, demonstrating that they must be short lived (∼3 x 10 6 yr). Based on energetic arguments, it is implausible that these knots have been ionized by the beamed flux from the active galactic nucleus of Cen A or that they have been shock heated by supersonic inflation of the NML. In our view, the most viable scenario for the origin of the X-ray knots is that they are the result of cold gas shock heated by a direct interaction with the jet. The most plausible model of the NML is that it is a bubble from a previous nuclear outburst that is being re-energized by the current outburst. The northeast inner lobe and the large-scale jet are lossless channels through which the jet material rapidly travels to the NML in this scenario. We also report the discovery of a large-scale (at least 35 kpc radius) gas halo around Cen A.

  7. Centaurus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murdin, P.

    2000-11-01

    (the Centaur; abbrev. Cen, gen. Centauri; area 1060 sq. deg.) A southern constellation which lies between Vela and Lupus, and surrounds Crux on three sides. It culminates at midnight in early April. Its origin dates back at least to ancient Greece, where it was identified with Chiron in Greek mythology. The brightest stars of Centaurus were cataloged by Ptolemy (c. AD 100-175) in the Almagest....

  8. LITHIUM IN THE UPPER CENTAURUS LUPUS AND LOWER CENTAURUS CRUX SUBGROUPS OF SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bubar, Eric J. [Department of Biology and Physical Sciences, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207 (United States); Schaeuble, Marc; King, Jeremy R. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29630-0978 (United States); Mamajek, Eric E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171 (United States); Stauffer, John R. [Spitzer Science Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)

    2011-12-15

    We utilize spectroscopically derived model atmosphere parameters and the Li I {lambda}6104 subordinate line and the {lambda}6708 doublet to derive lithium abundances for 12 members of the Upper Centaurus Lupus and Lower Centaurus Crux subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association. The results indicate any intrinsic Li scatter in our 0.9-1.4 M{sub Sun} stars is limited to {approx}0.15 dex, consistent with the lack of dispersion in {>=}1.0 M{sub Sun} stars in the 100 Myr Pleiades and 30-50 Myr IC 2391 and 2602 clusters. Both ab initio uncertainty estimates and the derived abundances themselves indicate that the {lambda}6104 line yields abundances with equivalent or less scatter than is found from the {lambda}6708 doublet as a result of lower uncertainties for the subordinate feature, a result of low sensitivity to broadening in the subordinate feature. Because non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) corrections are less susceptible to changes in surface gravity and/or metallicity for the 6104 A line, the subordinate Li feature is preferred for deriving lithium abundances in young Li-rich stellar association stars with T{sub eff} {>=} 5200 K. At these temperatures, we find no difference between the Li abundances derived from the two Li I lines. For cooler stars, having temperatures at which main-sequence dwarfs show abundance patterns indicating overexcitation and overionization, the {lambda}6104-based Li abundances are {approx}0.4 dex lower than those derived from the {lambda}6708 doublet. The trends of the abundances from each feature with T{sub eff} suggest that this difference is due to (near)UV photoionization, which in NLTE preferentially ionizes Li atoms in the subordinate 2p state relative to the 2s resonance line state due to opacity effects. Consequently, this overionization of Li in the 2p state, apparently not adequately accounted for in NLTE corrections, weakens the {lambda}6104 feature in cooler stars. Accordingly, the {lambda}6708-based

  9. Long-term studies with the Ariel 5 ASM. I - Hercules X-1, Vela X-1, and Centaurus X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holt, S. S.; Kaluzienski, L. J.; Boldt, E. A.; Serlemitsos, P. A.

    1979-01-01

    Twelve hundred days of 3-6 keV X-ray data from Her X-1, Vela X-1, and Cen X-3 accumulated with the Ariel 5 All-Sky Monitor are interrogated. The binary periodicities of all three can be clearly observed, as can the 35 day variation of Her X-1, for which we can refine the period to 34.875 plus or minus 0.030 days. No such longer-term periodicity less than 200 days is observed from Vela X-1. The 26.6 days low-state recurrence period for Cen X-3 is not observed, but a 43.0 day candidate periodicity is found which may be consistent with the precession of an accretion disk in that system. The present results are illustrative of the long-term studies which can be performed on approximately 50 sources over a temporal base which will ultimately extend to at least 1800 days.

  10. Pulse periods and the long-term variations of the X-ray pulsars VELA X-1 and Centaurus X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsunemi, Hiroshi

    The paper reports recent determinations of the pulse period for two X-ray pulsars, Vela X-1 and Cen X-3, made in 1987 with the All Sky Monitor (ASM) on board the Ginga satellite. The heliocentric pulse periods are 283.09 + or - 0.01 s and 4.8229 + or - 0.0001 s, respectively. These are the longest and shortest values in their respective observational histories. The random walk model for the Vela X-1 pulsar can explain this result as well as those obtained previously. It is also noted that the pulse-period change for the Cen X-3 system shows a 9-yr periodicity. This is probably due to the activity of the companion star rather than to Doppler-shift variations due to a third body or the precession of the neutron star.

  11. A circumnuclear disk of atomic hydrogen in Centaurus A

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Morganti, R.; Oosterloo, T.; Struve, C.; Saripalli, L.

    We present new observations, performed with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, of the Hi absorption in the central regions of Centaurus A. For the first time, absorption is detected against the radio core at velocities blueshifted with respect to the systemic velocity. Moreover, the data show

  12. The high-energy X-ray spectrum of Centaurus XR-3 observed from OSO 8

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dolan, J. F.; Crannell, C. J.; Dennis, B. R.; Frost, K. J.; Orwig, L. E.

    1984-01-01

    Observations of the X-ray binary Cen XR-3 in the 20-120 keV energy range by means of OSO 8's high energy X-ray spectrometer, during July 16-19, 1975, and July 5-14 and 28-29, 1978, indicate that the source was in a high luminosity state during 1975 and a low luminosity one in 1978. While mean orbital light curves appear similar in shape in both years, orbit-to-orbit intensity variations are noted. Spectral, luminosity, and the 4.84 sec modulation are characterized. Cen XR-3 may be a system in which mass transfer by Roche lobe overflow, and by accretion from a stellar wind, are both effective in the production of observable X-ray radiation.

  13. The high-resolution structure of the Centaurus A nucleus at 2.3 and 8.4 GHz

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meier, D.L.; Preston, R.A.; Morabito, D.D.

    1989-01-01

    VLBI observations of the nucleus of Centaurus A have been made at two frequencies with an array of five Australian radio telescopes as part of the Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experiment. Observations were made at 2.3 GHz with all five antennas, while only two were employed at 8.4 GHz. At 2.3 GHz seven tracks in the (u,v) plane with coverage of 6-8 hr each were obtained, yielding significant information on the structure of the nuclear jet. At 8.4 GHz a compact unresolved core was detected as well. It is found that the source consists of the compact self-absorbed core, a jet containing a set of three knots extending from 100 to 160 mas from the core, and a very long, narrow component elongated along the same position angle as the knots. The allowable range for the position angle of the jet is 51 + or - 3 deg, in agreement with that of the radio and X-ray structure on arcsecond and arcminute scales. The jet has brightened at 2.3 GHz by about 4 Jy, a factor of nearly 3, since the early 1970s, 1.8 Jy of which has occurred in the last 2 yr with no discernable changes in structure. 21 refs

  14. Deconvolving the Nucleus of Centaurus A Using Chandra PSF Library

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karovska, Margarita

    2000-01-01

    Centaurus A (NGC 5128) is a giant early-type galaxy containing the nearest (at 3.5 Mpc) radio-bright Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). Cen A was observed with the High Resolution Camera (HRC) on the Chandra X-ray Observatory on several occasions since the launch in July 1999. The high-angular resolution (less than 0.5 arcsecond) Chandra/HRC images reveal X ray multi-scale structures in this object with unprecedented detail and clarity, including the bright nucleus believed to be associated with a supermassive black hole. We explored the spatial extent of the Cen A nucleus using deconvolution techniques on the full resolution Chandra images. Model point spread functions (PSFs) were derived from the standard Chandra raytrace PSF library as well as unresolved point sources observed with Chandra. The deconvolved images show that the Cen A nucleus is resolved and asymmetric. We discuss several possible causes of this extended emission and of the asymmetries.

  15. The X-ray structure of Centaurus A from 0.1 to 50 keV observations with Exosat

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morini, M.; Anselmo, F.; Molteni, D.

    1989-01-01

    The results from four Exosat observations of the radio galaxy Centaurus A performed during 1984-1985 are presented. The emission from the nucleus detected in the medium-energy X-ray band exhibits time variability on all time scales from a few minutes to years. Small changes are detected in the spectra of the source obtained at the different epochs. All spectra are well fitted by a power law with energy index alpha = 0.70 and strong low-energy photoelectric absorption, with an absorbing column N(H) variable between 1.4 and 1.7 x 10 to the 23rd/sq cm. An unabsorbed component is observed at low energies in all spectra which can be fitted with a thermal spectrum with T roughly 1.6 keV and which is consistent with the integrated emission of the spatially extended sources outside the nucleus. An iron fluorescence line is detected at 6.4 keV which seems to be constant in absolute intensity. The iron K-absorption edge at 7.1 keV is also observed, and the abundance of absorbing iron relative to lighter elements is larger than the cosmic value. 43 refs

  16. Symbolics of the constellations of sagittarius and centaurus in russian traditional culture

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bagdasarov, R.

    2001-12-01

    Centaurus falls into the category of 'imaginary animals'. The Russian tradition used not only the symbol Sgr (a result of its acquaintance with the circle of Zodiac), but also the symbol Cen, which fact, as we shall demonstrate, is an evidence of certain mythological-astronomical conceptions. Both the constellations Sagittarius (Sgr) and Centaurus (Cen) are usually represented as versions of the picture of a fantastic being, a Centaur, shaped as man from head to waist, and as an animal, mostly, a horse, from waist down. 'Centaurus' (from the Greek word kev (or kevw)) for 'kill' and o, for 'bull') means 'bull killer', and is probably related to the opposition of the zodiacal constellations Taurus and Sagittarius. When the latter begins to rise on to the night sky, the former disappears completely from view. Sagittarius is represented at ancient monuments related to astronomy as a centaur holding a bow and pointing at certain stars. The constellation of Centaurus is also symbolised by a centaur, but holding not a bow, but a staff or a spear in one hand and an 'animal of sacrifice' in the other (Higinus, Astronomica, III, 37, 1; Chernetsov, 1975, Figure 1). The attributes stand for the Peliases Spear (The Mithological Dictionary, 1991), depicted in astrological maps as The Spear of Centaurus1, The Wolf (Lupus), the Panther or the Beast (Flammarion, 1994).

  17. Detecting Multi-scale Structures in Chandra Images of Centaurus A

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karovska, M.; Fabbiano, G.; Elvis, M. S.; Evans, I. N.; Kim, D. W.; Prestwich, A. H.; Schwartz, D. A.; Murray, S. S.; Forman, W.; Jones, C.; Kraft, R. P.; Isobe, T.; Cui, W.; Schreier, E. J.

    1999-12-01

    Centaurus A (NGC 5128) is a giant early-type galaxy with a merger history, containing the nearest radio-bright AGN. Recent Chandra High Resolution Camera (HRC) observations of Cen A reveal X-ray multi-scale structures in this object with unprecedented detail and clarity. We show the results of an analysis of the Chandra data with smoothing and edge enhancement techniques that allow us to enhance and quantify the multi-scale structures present in the HRC images. These techniques include an adaptive smoothing algorithm (Ebeling et al 1999), and a multi-directional gradient detection algorithm (Karovska et al 1994). The Ebeling et al adaptive smoothing algorithm, which is incorporated in the CXC analysis s/w package, is a powerful tool for smoothing images containing complex structures at various spatial scales. The adaptively smoothed images of Centaurus A show simultaneously the high-angular resolution bright structures at scales as small as an arcsecond and the extended faint structures as large as several arc minutes. The large scale structures suggest complex symmetry, including a component possibly associated with the inner radio lobes (as suggested by the ROSAT HRI data, Dobereiner et al 1996), and a separate component with an orthogonal symmetry that may be associated with the galaxy as a whole. The dust lane and the x-ray ridges are very clearly visible. The adaptively smoothed images and the edge-enhanced images also suggest several filamentary features including a large filament-like structure extending as far as about 5 arcminutes to North-West.

  18. A whirling plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A challenges cold dark matter cosmology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Müller, Oliver; Pawlowski, Marcel S; Jerjen, Helmut; Lelli, Federico

    2018-02-02

    The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are each surrounded by a thin plane of satellite dwarf galaxies that may be corotating. Cosmological simulations predict that most satellite galaxy systems are close to isotropic with random motions, so those two well-studied systems are often interpreted as rare statistical outliers. We test this assumption using the kinematics of satellite galaxies around the Centaurus A galaxy. Our statistical analysis reveals evidence for corotation in a narrow plane: Of the 16 Centaurus A satellites with kinematic data, 14 follow a coherent velocity pattern aligned with the long axis of their spatial distribution. In standard cosmological simulations, cosmological paradigm. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  19. Spatially Resolved Circumnuclear Dust in Centaurus A

    OpenAIRE

    Karovska, Margarita; Marengo, Massimo; Elvis, Martin; Fazio, Giovanni; Hora, Joseph; Hinz, Philip; Hoffmann, William; Meyer, Michael; Mamajek, Eric

    2003-01-01

    In this paper we present results from our exploratory mid-IR study of Centaurus A circumnuclear environment using high-angular resolution imaging at the Magellan 6.5m telescope with the MIRAC/BLINC camera. We detected emission from a compact region surrounding the nuclear source, and obtained photometry at 8.8 microns and in the N band. Our analysis suggests that the nuclear region is resolved with a size of approximately 3 pc. The mid-IR emission from this region is likely associated with co...

  20. Infrared polarimetry of the nucleus of Centaurus A: the nearest blazar

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bailey, J; Sparks, W B; Hough, J H; Axon, D J

    1986-07-10

    As one of the nearest examples of an active galaxy, NGC5128 (Centaurus A) has been studied in detail over a wide range of wavelengths. The authors have made polarization observations of the infrared nucleus at wavelengths from 1.2 to 3.8 ..mu..m. The nucleus is found to have a large intrinsic polarization of approx.=9% at position angle 147/sup 0/. This position angle is perpendicular to the direction of the X-ray and radio jet. The polarized emission from the nucleus is interpreted as synchrotron radiation from a region whose magnetic field is parallel to the jet direction. The properties of the Cen A nucleus are essentially identical to those of the much more luminous blazars. This suggest that blazar-type activity extends over a very wide range in luminosity, and low-luminosity blazars may be common in elliptical galaxies.

  1. NEW MEMBERS OF THE SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS COMPLEX AND AGES OF ITS SUB-REGIONS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Song, Inseok [Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2451 (United States); Zuckerman, B. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547 (United States); Bessell, M. S. [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, ACT 2611 (Australia)

    2012-07-15

    We have spectroscopically identified {approx}100 G-, K-, and M-type members of the Scorpius-Centaurus complex. To deduce the age of these young stars we compare their Li {lambda}6708 absorption line strengths against those of stars in the TW Hydrae association and {beta} Pictoris moving group. These line strengths indicate that Sco-Cen stars are younger than {beta} Pic stars whose ages of {approx}12 Myr have previously been derived from a kinematic traceback analysis. Our derived age, {approx}10 Myr, for stars in the Lower Centaurus Crux and Upper Centaurus Lupus subgroups of ScoCen is younger than previously published ages based on the moving cluster method and upper main-sequence fitting. The discrepant ages are likely due to an incorrect (or lack of) cross-calibration between model-dependent and model-independent age-dating methods.

  2. Spectroscopic study of the Scorpio-Centaurus association

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rajamohan, R [Indian Inst. of Astrophysics, Bangalore

    1976-09-01

    Rotational velocities as well as hydrogen and helium line intensities of one hundred and twelve members of the Scorpio-Centaurus association have been derived. For stars with Msub(v)<0.0, the distribution of rotational velocities of both the upper Scorpius subgroup and the upper Centaurus-Lupus subgroup are similar and closely resemble those of the field stars. Stars with Msub(v)>0.0, all of which are found in the dense upper Scorpius region, rotate much faster than their counter-parts amongst field stars, the Pleiades and Alpha-Persei cluster members. The measured equivalent width of H for 77 stars provide a distance modulus of 6.0 +- 0.09 magnitudes for the association. Evolutionary effects in the derived hydrogen line intensities are found between the two subgroups. The hydrogen-line intensities at all spectral types in the upper Centaurus-Lupus subgroup are systematically smaller than those of members in the upper Scorpius subgroup. Analysis of high dispersion spectra of five members of the association yield a helium abundance of Nsub(He)/Nsub(H) = 0.096 +- 0.004. Along with data available in the literature, the mean helium abundance of thirteen stars of this association if found to be 0.098 +- 0.004 by number. For the two main subgroups of this association, a value of 0.105 +- 0.001 is derived for the upper Scorpius group from three stars and 0.096 +- 0.005 for the upper Scorpius group from ten stars. Within the capabilities of the present methods, there seems to be no difference between the two subgroups as far as rotational velocities and initial helium abundance are concerned, a fact that must be borne in mind in the interpretation of the difference found between the two subgroups from photoelectric photometry.

  3. A Deep Chandra Observation of the Centaurus Cluster:Bubbles, Filaments and Edges

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Fabian, A.C.

    2005-03-14

    X-ray images and gas temperatures taken from a deep {approx}200 ks Chandra observation of the Centaurus cluster are presented. Multiple inner bubbles and outer semicircular edges are revealed, together with wispy filaments of soft X-ray emitting gas. The frothy central structure and eastern edge are likely due to the central radio source blowing bubbles in the intracluster gas. The semicircular edges to the surface brightness maps 32 kpc to the east and 17.5 kpc to the west are marked by sharp temperature increases and abundance drops. The edges could be due to sloshing motions of the central potential, or are possibly enhanced by earlier radio activity. The high abundance of the innermost gas (about 2.5 times Solar) limits the amount of diffusion and mixing taking place.

  4. TAURUS observations of the emission-line velocity field of Centaurus A (NGC 5128)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Taylor, K.; Atherton, P.D.

    1983-01-01

    Using TAURUS - an Imaging Fabry Perot system in conjunction with the IPCS on the AAT, the authors have studied the velocity field of the Hα emission line at a spatial resolution of 1.7'' over the dark lane structure of Centaurus A. The derived velocity field is quite symmetrical and strongly suggests that the emission line material is orbiting the elliptical component, as a warped disc. (orig.)

  5. X-ray emission from Centaurus A

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Terrell, J.

    1984-01-01

    The X-ray strength of Cen A (NGC 5128) was monitored for 10 years by Vela 5B, beginning in 1979. The 1973 to 1975 period of exceptional activity and strength was especially well covered, and was characterized by numerous rapid changes in intensity, in agreement with other data, indicating that the nucleus of Cen A is small but massive. 16 references, 3 figures

  6. Study of the CdX-B2X3-X (X=S, Se), CdTe-B-Te systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Odin, I.N.; Grin'ko, V.V.; Safronov, E.V.; Kozlovskij, V.F.

    2001-01-01

    Liquidus surfaces of the CdX-B 2 X 3 -X (X=S, Se), CdTe-B-Te systems are plotted for the first time. It is shown that in equilibrium solid solutions on the basis of ternary Cd 2 B 2 X 5 compounds and binary B 2 X 3 , CdX, BS 2 compounds take part with liquid phases. p gen -T and T-x projects of p-T-x phase diagram of B-S (59-100 at. % S), B-Se (59-100 at. % Se), B-Te systems are plotted . B 2 X 3 , BS 2 compounds are formed in that regions of compositions of B-X systems . In the B-Te system compounds are not formed. Ternary compounds are not formed in the CdTe-B-Te system [ru

  7. The Centaurus cluster of galaxies. I. The data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dickens, R.J.; Currie, M.J.; Lucey, J.R.

    1985-07-01

    The observations obtained from an extensive study of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies (α = 12sup(h) 47, σ = -41 0 ) are reported and described. An extensive catalogue is presented of galaxies in the region giving positions, magnitudes, morphological types, redshifts and other parameters. The data in the catalogue will be used in subsequent papers which analyse various aspects of the cluster. (author)

  8. A HARD X-RAY POWER-LAW SPECTRAL CUTOFF IN CENTAURUS X-4

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chakrabarty, Deepto; Nowak, Michael A. [MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Tomsick, John A.; Boggs, Steven E.; Craig, William W. [Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Grefenstette, Brian W.; Fürst, Felix; Harrison, Fiona A.; Rana, Vikram [Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Psaltis, Dimitrios [Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Bachetti, Matteo; Barret, Didier [Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse (France); Christensen, Finn E. [Division of Astrophysics, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby (Denmark); Hailey, Charles J. [Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 (United States); Kaspi, Victoria M. [Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8 (Canada); Miller, Jon M. [Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States); Stern, Daniel [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Wik, Daniel R.; Zhang, William W. [Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Wilms, Jörn, E-mail: deepto@mit.edu [Dr. Karl-Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-96049 Bamberg (Germany)

    2014-12-20

    The low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) Cen X-4 is the brightest and closest (<1.2 kpc) quiescent neutron star transient. Previous 0.5-10 keV X-ray observations of Cen X-4 in quiescence identified two spectral components: soft thermal emission from the neutron star atmosphere and a hard power-law tail of unknown origin. We report here on a simultaneous observation of Cen X-4 with NuSTAR (3-79 keV) and XMM-Newton (0.3-10 keV) in 2013 January, providing the first sensitive hard X-ray spectrum of a quiescent neutron star transient. The 0.3-79 keV luminosity was 1.1×10{sup 33} D{sub kpc}{sup 2} erg s{sup –1}, with ≅60% in the thermal component. We clearly detect a cutoff of the hard spectral tail above 10 keV, the first time such a feature has been detected in this source class. We show that thermal Comptonization and synchrotron shock origins for the hard X-ray emission are ruled out on physical grounds. However, the hard X-ray spectrum is well fit by a thermal bremsstrahlung model with kT{sub e} = 18 keV, which can be understood as arising either in a hot layer above the neutron star atmosphere or in a radiatively inefficient accretion flow. The power-law cutoff energy may be set by the degree of Compton cooling of the bremsstrahlung electrons by thermal seed photons from the neutron star surface. Lower thermal luminosities should lead to higher (possibly undetectable) cutoff energies. We compare Cen X-4's behavior with PSR J1023+0038, IGR J18245–2452, and XSS J12270–4859, which have shown transitions between LMXB and radio pulsar modes at a similar X-ray luminosity.

  9. A SPITZER MIPS STUDY OF 2.5-2.0 M{sub Sun} STARS IN SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, Christine H.; Bitner, Martin [Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Pecaut, Mark; Mamajek, Eric E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States); Su, Kate Y. L., E-mail: cchen@stsci.edu [Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)

    2012-09-10

    We have obtained Spitzer Space Telescope Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) 24 {mu}m and 70 {mu}m observations of 215 nearby, Hipparcos B- and A-type common proper-motion single and binary systems in the nearest OB association, Scorpius-Centaurus. Combining our MIPS observations with those of other ScoCen stars in the literature, we estimate 24 {mu}m B+A-type disk fractions of 17/67 (25{sup +6}{sub -5}%), 36/131 (27{sup +4}{sub -4}%), and 23/95 (24{sup +5}{sub -4}%) for Upper Scorpius ({approx}11 Myr), Upper Centaurus Lupus ({approx}15 Myr), and Lower Centaurus Crux ({approx}17 Myr), respectively, somewhat smaller disk fractions than previously obtained for F- and G-type members. We confirm previous IRAS excess detections and present new discoveries of 51 protoplanetary and debris disk systems, with fractional infrared luminosities ranging from L{sub IR}/L{sub *} = 10{sup -6} to 10{sup -2} and grain temperatures ranging from T{sub gr} = 40 to 300 K. In addition, we confirm that the 24 {mu}m and 70 {mu}m excesses (or fractional infrared luminosities) around B+A-type stars are smaller than those measured toward F+G-type stars and hypothesize that the observed disk property dependence on stellar mass may be the result of a higher stellar companion fraction around B- and A-type stars at 10-200 AU. Finally, we note that the majority of the ScoCen 24 {mu}m excess sources also possess 12 {mu}m excess, indicating that Earth-like planets may be forming via collisions in the terrestrial planet zone at {approx}10-100 Myr.

  10. Chemical abundances of globular clusters in NGC 5128 (Centaurus A)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hernandez, Svea; Larsen, Søren; Trager, Scott; Kaper, Lex; Groot, Paul

    2018-06-01

    We perform a detailed abundance analysis on integrated-light spectra of 20 globular clusters (GCs) in the early-type galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A). The GCs were observed with X-Shooter on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The cluster sample spans a metallicity range of -1.92 poor GCs in NGC 5128 is genuine, it could hint at a chemical enrichment history different than that experienced by the MW. We also measure Na abundances in 9 out of 20 GCs. We find evidence for intracluster abundance variations in six of these clusters where we see enhanced [Na/Fe] > +0.25 dex. We obtain the first abundance measurements of Cr, Mn, and Ni for a sample of the GC population in NGC 5128 and find consistency with the overall trends observed in the MW, with a slight enhancement (<0.1 dex) in the Fe-peak abundances measured in the NGC 5128.

  11. AN OCCULTATION EVENT IN CENTAURUS A AND THE CLUMPY TORUS MODEL

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rivers, Elizabeth; Markowitz, Alex; Rothschild, Richard

    2011-01-01

    We have analyzed 16 months of sustained monitoring observations of Centaurus A from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer to search for changes in the absorbing column in the line of sight to the central nucleus. We present time-resolved spectroscopy which indicates that a discrete clump of material transited the line of sight to the central illuminating source over the course of ∼170 days between 2010 August and 2011 February with a maximum increase in the column density of about 8.4 × 10 22 cm –2 . This is the best quality data of such an event that has ever been analyzed with the shape of the ingress and egress clearly seen. Modeling the clump of material as roughly spherical with a linearly decreasing density profile and assuming a distance from the central nucleus commensurate with the dusty torus, we found that the clump would have a diameter of (1.4-2.4) × 10 15 cm with a central number density of n H = (1.8-3.0) × 10 7 cm –3 . This is consistent with previous results for a similar (though possibly much longer) occultation event inferred in this source in 2003-2004 and supports models of the molecular torus as a clumpy medium.

  12. Discovery of Molecular Gas Shells around the Unusual Galaxy Centaurus A

    Science.gov (United States)

    2000-03-01

    - and farther out than most of the stars - would be liberated earlier than the stars. As a consequence, one would also expect to observe a certain displacement between the gaseous and stellar shells. The SEST observations ESO PR Photo 08a/00 ESO PR Photo 08a/00 [Preview - JPEG: 343 x 400 pix - 188k] [Normal - JPEG: 686 x 800 pix - 560k] [High-Res - JPEG: 2571 x 3000 pix - 4.4M] Caption : ESO PR Photo 08a/00 shows an optical image of the galaxy Centaurus A (from the 1-m ESO Schmidt telescope at La Silla), with the surrounding shells outlined as contours. The image has been enhanced to show the full extent of the galaxy; due to this process, the central dust band is less visible. The stellar shells (see the text) are indicated in yellow; they are otherwise only visible on very deep images. The contours of the observed distribution of atomic hydrogen gas are white. The radio jet from the active centre of Centaurus A is shown in blue. The new SEST observations prove the existence of carbon monoxide (CO) in the S1 and S2 shells (indicated in red). The field measures approx. 32 x 32 arcmin 2. North is up and East is left. A detailed photo of Centaurus A was recently obtained with the FORS2 instrument at VLT KUEYEN, cf. ESO PR Photo 05b/00 ESO PR Photo 08b/00 ESO PR Photo 08b/00 [Preview - JPEG: 247 x 400 pix - 60k] [Normal - JPEG: 493 x 800 pix - 128k] [High-Res - JPEG: 3000 x 1847 pix - 756k] Caption : ESO PR Photo 08b/00 shows the observed CO emission spectra in the S1 and S2 shells. In both cases, two lines from different molecular states were observed that stand out clearly from the sky noise. The abscissa indicates the velocity (i.e., the radio frequency) and the ordinate the temperature (i.e., the intensity). These diagrammes represent approx. 20 and 30 hours of observation, respectively. In order to test this hypothesis, the astronomers decided to look for the possible presence in the shells around some nearby elliptical galaxies of specific gases that are typical of

  13. THE COMPLEX NORTH TRANSITION REGION OF CENTAURUS A: A GALACTIC WIND

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neff, Susan G. [NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Observational Cosmology, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Eilek, Jean A. [Physics Department, New Mexico Tech, Socorro NM 87801 (United States); Owen, Frazer N., E-mail: susan.g.neff@nasa.gov [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro NM 87801 (United States)

    2015-04-01

    We present deep GALEX images of NGC 5128, the parent galaxy of Centaurus A. We detect a striking “weather ribbon” of far-UV (FUV) and Hα emission which extends more than 35 kpc northeast of the galaxy. This ribbon is associated with a knotty ridge of radio/X-ray emission and is an extension of the previously known string of optical emission-line filaments. Many phenomena in the region are too short-lived to have survived transit out from the inner galaxy; something must be driving them locally. We also detect FUV emission from the galaxy’s central dust lane. Combining this with previous radio and far-IR measurements, we infer an active starburst in the central galaxy which is currently forming stars at ∼2 M{sub ☉} yr{sup −1}, and has been doing so for 50–100 Myr. If the wind from this starburst is enhanced by energy and mass driven out from the active galactic nucleus, the powerful augmented wind can be the driver needed for the northern weather system. We argue that both the diverse weather system, and the enhanced radio emission in the same region, result from the wind’s encounter with cool gas left by one of the recent merger/encounter events in the history of NGC 5128.

  14. The Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio loud active galaxy Centaurus A

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markowitz, Alex

    2007-01-01

    A Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio-loud AGN Centaurus A in 2005 has yielded a broadband spectrum spanning 0.3 to 250 keV. The hard X-rays are fit by two power laws, absorbed by columns of 1.5 and 7x10 23 cm -2 respectively. The spectrum consistent with previous suggestions that the power-law components are X-ray emission from the sub-pc VLBI jet and from Bondi accretion at the core, or are consistent with a partial covering interpretation. The soft band is dominated by thermal emission from the diffuse plasma and is fit well by a two-temperature collisional ionization emission model, plus a third power-law component to account for scattered nuclear emission, kpc-scale jet emission, and emission from X-ray Binaries and other point sources. Narrow fluorescent emission lines from Fe, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Ni are detected. The width of the Fe Kα line yields a 200 light-day lower limit on the distance from the black hole to the line-emitting gas. K-shell absorption edges due to Fe, Ca, and S are detected. The high metallicity ([Fe/H]=+0.1) of the circumnuclear material suggests that the accreting material could not have originated in the metal-poor outer halo unless enrichment by local star formation has occurred. Relative element abundances are consistent with enrichment due to local star formation processes. (author)

  15. The Centaurus cluster of galaxies. II. The bimodal-velocity structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lucey, J.R.; Currie, M.J.; Dickens, R.J.

    1985-09-01

    This is the second paper in a series that describes an extensive study of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies. The paper concerns the bimodal velocity distribution of the galaxies in the cluster. The likely location of the two main cluster components is discussed. The data strongly favours the hypothesis that the two components lie within the same cluster. (UK)

  16. AN OCCULTATION EVENT IN CENTAURUS A AND THE CLUMPY TORUS MODEL

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rivers, Elizabeth; Markowitz, Alex; Rothschild, Richard, E-mail: erivers@ucsd.edu [Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424 (United States)

    2011-12-15

    We have analyzed 16 months of sustained monitoring observations of Centaurus A from the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer to search for changes in the absorbing column in the line of sight to the central nucleus. We present time-resolved spectroscopy which indicates that a discrete clump of material transited the line of sight to the central illuminating source over the course of {approx}170 days between 2010 August and 2011 February with a maximum increase in the column density of about 8.4 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 22} cm{sup -2}. This is the best quality data of such an event that has ever been analyzed with the shape of the ingress and egress clearly seen. Modeling the clump of material as roughly spherical with a linearly decreasing density profile and assuming a distance from the central nucleus commensurate with the dusty torus, we found that the clump would have a diameter of (1.4-2.4) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 15} cm with a central number density of n{sub H} = (1.8-3.0) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} cm{sup -3}. This is consistent with previous results for a similar (though possibly much longer) occultation event inferred in this source in 2003-2004 and supports models of the molecular torus as a clumpy medium.

  17. DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR WATER MASER EMISSION IN CENTAURUS A

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ott, Juergen; Meier, David S.; Walter, Fabian; Mao, Minnie Y., E-mail: jott@nrao.edu, E-mail: dmeier@nmt.edu, E-mail: walter@mpia.de, E-mail: mmao@nrao.edu [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, 1003 Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); and others

    2013-07-10

    We report the detection of a 22 GHz water maser line in the nearest (D {approx} 3.8 Mpc) radio galaxy Centaurus A (Cen A) using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The line is centered at a velocity of {approx}960 km s{sup -1}, which is redshifted by about 415 km s{sup -1} from the systemic velocity. Such an offset, as well as the width of {approx}120 km s{sup -1}, could be consistent with either a nuclear maser arising from an accretion disk of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), or with a jet maser that is emitted from the material that is shocked near the base of the jet in Cen A. The best spatial resolution of our ATCA data constrains the origin of the maser feature within <3 pc of the SMBH. The maser exhibits an isotropic luminosity of {approx}1 L{sub Sun }, which classifies it as a kilomaser, and appears to be variable on timescales of months. A kilomaser can also be emitted by shocked gas in star-forming regions. Given the small projected distance from the core, the large offset from systemic velocity, and the smoothness of the line feature, we conclude that a jet maser line emitted by shocked gas around the base of the active galactic nucleus is the most likely explanation. For this scenario we can infer a minimum density of the radio jet of {approx}> 10 cm{sup -3}, which indicates substantial mass entrainment of surrounding gas into the propagating jet material.

  18. Hard X-ray balloon observations of compact galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Staubert, R.; Kendziorra, E.; Pietsch, W.; Proctor, R.J.; Reppin, C.; Steinle, H.; Truemper, J.; Voges, W.

    1981-01-01

    A balloon program in hard X-ray astronomy (20-200 keV) is jointly pursued by the Astronomisches Institut der Universitaet Tuebingen (AIT) and the Max Planck-Institut fuer Extraterrestrische Physik in Garching (MPE). Since 1973 nine succussful balloon flights have been performed from Texas and Australia. Here results on Centaurus A and on several galactic binary X-ray sources are summarized. In particular the high energy photon spectrum of Hercules X-1 and the evidence for the cyclotron line feature which was discovered by us in 1976 is reviewed. (orig.)

  19. 3D X-Ray Luggage-Screening System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandez, Kenneth

    2006-01-01

    A three-dimensional (3D) x-ray luggage- screening system has been proposed to reduce the fatigue experienced by human inspectors and increase their ability to detect weapons and other contraband. The system and variants thereof could supplant thousands of xray scanners now in use at hundreds of airports in the United States and other countries. The device would be applicable to any security checkpoint application where current two-dimensional scanners are in use. A conventional x-ray luggage scanner generates a single two-dimensional (2D) image that conveys no depth information. Therefore, a human inspector must scrutinize the image in an effort to understand ambiguous-appearing objects as they pass by at high speed on a conveyor belt. Such a high level of concentration can induce fatigue, causing the inspector to reduce concentration and vigilance. In addition, because of the lack of depth information, contraband objects could be made more difficult to detect by positioning them near other objects so as to create x-ray images that confuse inspectors. The proposed system would make it unnecessary for a human inspector to interpret 2D images, which show objects at different depths as superimposed. Instead, the system would take advantage of the natural human ability to infer 3D information from stereographic or stereoscopic images. The inspector would be able to perceive two objects at different depths, in a more nearly natural manner, as distinct 3D objects lying at different depths. Hence, the inspector could recognize objects with greater accuracy and less effort. The major components of the proposed system would be similar to those of x-ray luggage scanners now in use. As in a conventional x-ray scanner, there would be an x-ray source. Unlike in a conventional scanner, there would be two x-ray image sensors, denoted the left and right sensors, located at positions along the conveyor that are upstream and downstream, respectively (see figure). X-ray illumination

  20. Studies on the KTa1-xFe xO3system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ciriaco, M. Lurdes F.; Silva Pereira, M.I. da; Nunes, M.R.; Mendonca, M.H.; Costa, F.M.

    2006-01-01

    In this work we have prepared by ceramic route, polycrystalline powders samples derived from the KTaO 3 perovskite by the partial replacement of tantalum by iron with nominal composition KTa 1-x Fe x O 3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), in order to evaluate the consequence of these substitution on the properties of the compounds. Two synthesis temperatures were used, 973 and 1373 K. From the powders (x = 0.1) iron coatings were prepared and tested, as electrode materials, in alkaline solutions. The characterisation of the powder samples was made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical conductivity measurements. Cyclic voltammetry was used in the electrodes characterisation. The results show that the partial replacement of Ta by Fe and the synthesis temperature affect the properties of the system

  1. Phases of variable composition in the system Ba3-xSrxEr(BO3)3 (0≤x≤3.0)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khamaganova, T.N.

    2008-01-01

    The possibility of preparing two series of solid solutions in the system Ba 3-x Sr x Er(BO 3 ) 3 (0 ≤ x3.0), crystallizing in different structural types, was examined. Samples of the phases of variable composition were synthesized by solid-phase reactions over the temperature range 500-1000 deg C, and their X-ray diffraction characteristics were determined. It is found that the triple phases prepared form two series of substitutional solid solutions in the system studied [ru

  2. Neutron structural studies of La3.5-x-y(Y)yBa3.5-xCa2xCu7Oz (x = y = 0.0 and 0.5) system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Subbarao, M.V.; Kulkarni, R.G.; Rajagopal, H.; Sequeira, A.S.

    1997-01-01

    By mixing equal amounts of La 4-x Ca x Ba 3 Cu 7 O z and La 3 Ba 4-x Ca x Cu 7 O z in the proportion of 1 : 1, a series of superconductors part of La replaced by Y with the nominal composition of La 3.5-x-y )(Y) y Ba 3.-5-x Ca 2x Cu 7 O z (LYCP) have been prepared. Two samples with x = y = 0.0 (A) and x = y = 0.5 (B) characterized by x-ray diffraction display tetragonal triple perovskite structure. In order to investigate the effect of substituents (Ca/Y) on structure of this system, neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out at 300 K and λ n =1.216A at Dhruva reactor

  3. A Hard X-Ray Power-Law Spectral Cutoff in Centaurus X-4

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Chakrabarty, Deepto; Tomsick, John A.; Grefenstette, Brian W.

    2015-01-01

    The low-mass X-ray binary Cen X-4 is the brightest and closest (<1.2 kpc) quiescent neutron star transient. Previous 0.5-10 keV X-ray observations of Cen X-4 in quiescence identified two spectral components: soft thermal emission from the neutron star atmosphere and a hard power-law tail of unkno...... behavior with PSR J1023+0038, IGR J18245-2452, and XSS J12270-4859, which have shown transitions between LMXB and radio pulsar modes at a similar X-ray luminosity....

  4. H2 emission and CO absorption in Centaurus A : Evidence for a circumnuclear molecular disk

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Israel, F.P.; Dishoeck, van E.F.; Baas, F.; Koornneef, J.; Black, J.H.; Graauw, de Th.

    1990-01-01

    Emission and absorption lines of H2 and CO in nuclei of several galaxies with strong NIR emission, including Centaurus A (NGC 5128), were studied at the La Silla observatory to obtain constraints on the physical parameters of molecular material close to the nucleus of the NGC 5128 galaxy. Results

  5. Development of a 3-D X-ray system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Evans, James Paul Owain

    The interpretation of standard two-dimensional x-ray images by humans is often very difficult. This is due to the lack of visual cues to depth in an image which has been produced by transmitted radiation. The solution put forward in this research is to introduce binocular parallax, a powerful physiological depth cue, into the resultant shadowgraph x-ray image. This has been achieved by developing a binocular stereoscopic x-ray imaging technique, which can be used for both visual inspection by human observers and also for the extraction of three-dimensional co-ordinate information. The technique is implemented in the design and development of two experimental x-ray systems and also the development of measurement algorithms. The first experimental machine is based on standard linear x-ray detector arrays and was designed as an optimum configuration for visual inspection by human observers. However, it was felt that a combination of the 3-D visual inspection capability together with a measurement facility would enhance the usefulness of the technique. Therefore, both a theoretical and an empirical analysis of the co-ordinate measurement capability of the machine has been carried out. The measurement is based on close-range photogrammetric techniques. The accuracy of the measurement has been found to be of the order of 4mm in x, 3mm in y and 6mm in z. A second experimental machine was developed and based on the same technique as that used for the first machine. However, a major departure has been the introduction of a dual energy linear x-ray detector array which will allow, in general, the discrimination between organic and inorganic substances. The second design is a compromise between ease of visual inspection for human observers and optimum three-dimensional co-ordinate measurement capability. The system is part of an on going research programme into the possibility of introducing psychological depth cues into the resultant x-ray images. The research presented in

  6. Fornax A, Centaurus A other radio galaxies as sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matthews, J. H.; Bell, A. R.; Blundell, K. M.; Araudo, A. T.

    2018-06-01

    The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is still unknown. It has recently been proposed that UHECR anisotropies can be attributed to starburst galaxies or active galactic nuclei. We suggest that the latter is more likely and that giant-lobed radio galaxies such as Centaurus A and Fornax A can explain the data.

  7. THERMAL PLASMA IN THE GIANT LOBES OF THE RADIO GALAXY CENTAURUS A

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    O' Sullivan, S. P.; Feain, I. J.; McClure-Griffiths, N. M.; Ekers, R. D.; Carretti, E. [CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, ATNF, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Robishaw, T. [Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, P.O. Box 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9 (Canada); Mao, S. A. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); Gaensler, B. M.; Bland-Hawthorn, J. [Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Stawarz, L. [Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210 (Japan)

    2013-02-20

    We present a Faraday rotation measure (RM) study of the diffuse, polarized, radio emission from the giant lobes of the nearest radio galaxy, Centaurus A. After removal of the smooth Galactic foreground RM component, using an ensemble of background source RMs located outside the giant lobes, we are left with a residual RM signal associated with the giant lobes. We find that the most likely origin of this residual RM is from thermal material mixed throughout the relativistic lobe plasma. The alternative possibility of a thin-skin/boundary layer of magnetoionic material swept up by the expansion of the lobes is highly unlikely since it requires, at least, an order of magnitude enhancement of the swept-up gas over the expected intragroup density on these scales. Strong depolarization observed from 2.3 to 0.96 GHz also supports the presence of a significant amount of thermal gas within the lobes; although depolarization solely due to RM fluctuations in a foreground Faraday screen on scales smaller than the beam cannot be ruled out. Considering the internal Faraday rotation scenario, we find a thermal gas number density of {approx}10{sup -4} cm{sup -3}, implying a total gas mass of {approx}10{sup 10} M {sub Sun} within the lobes. The thermal pressure associated with this gas (with temperature kT {approx} 0.5 keV, obtained from recent X-ray results) is approximately equal to the non-thermal pressure, indicating that over the volume of the lobes, there is approximate equipartition between the thermal gas, radio-emitting electrons, and magnetic field (and potentially any relativistic protons present).

  8. Control of CydB and GltA1 expression by the SenX3 RegX3 two component regulatory system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gretta Roberts

    Full Text Available Two component regulatory systems are used widely by bacteria to coordinate changes in global gene expression profiles in response to environmental signals. The SenX3-RegX3 two component system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has previously been shown to play a role in virulence and phosphate-responsive control of gene expression. We demonstrate that expression of SenX3-RegX3 is controlled in response to growth conditions, although the absolute changes are small. Global gene expression profiling of a RegX3 deletion strain and wild-type strain in different culture conditions (static, microaerobic, anaerobic, as well as in an over-expressing strain identified a number of genes with changed expression patterns. Among those were genes previously identified as differentially regulated in aerobic culture, including ald (encoding alanine dehydrogenase cyd,encoding a subunit of the cytochrome D ubiquinol oxidase, and gltA1, encoding a citrate synthase. Promoter activity in the upstream regions of both cydB and gltA1 was altered in the RegX3 deletion strain. DNA-binding assays confirmed that RegX3 binds to the promoter regions of ald, cydB and gltA1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Taken together these data suggest a direct role for the SenX-RegX3 system in modulating expression of aerobic respiration, in addition to its role during phosphate limitation.

  9. THE COMPLEX NORTH TRANSITION REGION OF CENTAURUS A: RADIO STRUCTURE

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neff, Susan G. [NASA' s Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Observational Cosmology, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Eilek, Jean A. [Physics Department, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); Owen, Frazer N., E-mail: susan.g.neff@nasa.gov [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O,  Socorro, NM 87801 (United States)

    2015-04-01

    We present deep radio images of the inner ∼50 kpc of Centaurus A, taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 90 cm. We focus on the Transition Regions between the inner galaxy—including the active nucleus, inner radio lobes, and star-forming disk—and the outer radio lobes. We detect previously unknown extended emission around the Inner Lobes, including radio emission from the star-forming disk. We find that the radio-loud part of the North Transition Region (NTR), known as the North Middle Lobe, is significantly overpressured relative to the surrounding interstellar medium. We see no evidence for a collimated flow from the active galactic nucleus through this region. Our images show that the structure identified by Morganti et al. as a possible large-scale jet appears to be part of a narrow ridge of emission within the broader, diffuse, radio-loud region. This knotty radio ridge is coincident with other striking phenomena: compact X-ray knots, ionized gas filaments, and streams of young stars. Several short-lived phenomena in the NTR, as well as the frequent re-energization required by the Outer Lobes, suggest that energy must be flowing through both Transition Regions at the present epoch. We suggest that the energy flow is in the form of a galactic wind.

  10. X-ray Arcs Tell The Tale Of Giant Eruption

    Science.gov (United States)

    2002-08-01

    Long ago, a giant eruption occurred in a nearby galaxy and plunged it into turmoil. Now NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed the remains of that explosion in the form of two enormous arcs of hot gas. This discovery can help astronomers better understand the cause and effect of violent outbursts from the vicinity of supermassive black holes in the centers of many so-called "active" galaxies. Scientists from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) report that two arc-like structures of multimillion-degree gas in the galaxy Centaurus A appear to be part of a ring 25,000 light years in diameter. The size and location of the ring suggest that it could have been produced in a titanic explosion that occurred about ten million years ago. A composite image of the galaxy made with radio (red and green), optical (yellow-orange), and X-ray data (blue) presents a stunning tableau of a tumultuous galaxy. A broad band of dust and cold gas is bisected at an angle by opposing jets of high-energy particles blasting away from the supermassive black hole in the nucleus. Lying in a plane perpendicular to the jets are the two large arcs of X-ray emitting hot gas. "Putting all the images together was the key to understanding what Chandra showed," said Margarita Karovska, lead author on a paper in the September 20, 2002, issue of The Astrophysical Journal. "Suddenly it all clicked in, as with a giant puzzle, and the images fit together to make a complete picture of the galaxy geometry that was not at all apparent before." The team proposes that the orientation of the arcs of hot gas perpendicular to the jet and the symmetry of the projected ring with respect to the center of the galaxy could be evidence that the ring is the result of a giant eruption in the nucleus of the galaxy 10 million years ago. This explosion may have produced a galaxy-sized shock wave that has been moving outward at speeds of a million miles per hour. The age of 10 million years for the

  11. Magnetic and transport behaviour in Pr3X(X=In,Sn,Ga,Ge,Ni,Co,Ru,Ir) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garde, C.S.; Ray, J.

    1998-01-01

    Magnetic and transport studies on Pr 3 X (X=In, Sn, Ga, Ge, Ni, Co, Ru, Ir) systems gave evidence for complex magnetic behaviour. All the systems, except X=Sn, exhibit ferromagnetic ordering. The X=Sn system exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering. For X=Ga and Sn, metamagnetic behaviour has been observed. Crystal field effects are found to play an important role in influencing magnetic behaviour. The strength of the crystal field term has also been estimated. (orig.)

  12. Very High Energy Emission from the Binary System Cyg X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinitsyna, V. G.; Sinitsyna, V. Yu.

    2018-03-01

    Cyg X-3 is actively studied in the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum from the radio band to ultrahigh energies. Based on the detection of ultrahigh-energy gamma-ray emission, it has been suggested that Cyg X-3 could be one of the most powerful sources of charged cosmic-ray particles in the Galaxy. We present the results of long-term observations of the Cygnus X-3 region at energies 800 GeV-100 TeV by the SHALON mirror Cherenkov telescope. In 1995 the SHALON observations revealed a new Galactic source of very high energy gamma-ray emission coincident in its coordinates with the microquasar Cyg X-3. To reliably identify the detected source with Cyg X-3, an analysis has been performed and an orbital period of 4.8 h has been found, which is a signature of Cyg X-3. A series of flares in Cyg X-3 at energies >800 GeV and their correlation with the activity in the X-ray and radio bands have been observed. The results obtained in a wide energy range for Cyg X-3, including those during the periods of relativistic jet events, are needed to find the connection and to understand the different components of an accreting binary system.

  13. Embedded star formation in the extended narrow line region of Centaurus A: Extreme mixing observed by MUSE

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santoro, F.; Oonk, J. B. R.; Morganti, R.; Oosterloo, T. A.; Tadhunter, C.

    2016-05-01

    We present a detailed study of the complex ionization structure in a small (~250 pc) extended narrow line region (ENLR) cloud near Centaurus A using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. This cloud is located in the so-called outer filament of ionized gas (about 15 kpc from the nucleus) where jet-induced star formation has been suggested to occur by different studies. We find that, despite the small size, a mixture of ionization mechanisms is operating, resulting in considerable complexity in the spatial ionization structure. The area includes two H II regions where star formation is occurring and another location where star formation must have ceased very recently. Interestingly, the extreme Balmer decrement of one of the star forming regions (Hα/Hβobs ~ 6) indicates that it is still heavily embedded in its natal cocoon of gas and dust. At all three locations a continuum counterpart is found with spectra matching those of O/B stars local to Centaurus A. The H II regions are embedded in a larger gas complex which is photoionized by the radiation of the central active galactic nucleus (AGN), but the O/B stars affect the spatial ionization pattern in the ENLR cloud very locally. In particular, in the surroundings of the youngest star forming region, we can isolate a tight mixing sequence in the diagnostic diagram going from gas with ionization due to a pure stellar continuum to gas only photoionized by the AGN. These results emphasize the complexity and the mixture of processes occurring in star forming regions under the influence of an AGN radiation. This is relevant for our understanding of AGN-induced star formation suggested to occur in a number of objects, including this region of Centaurus A. They also illustrate that these young stars influence the gas over only a limited region.

  14. Crystallization study of amorphous system Fe84-xWxB16 (x = 3;5)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Novakova, A.A.; Sidorova, G.V.; Kiseleva, T.Yu.; Szasz, A.

    1992-01-01

    A complex study of the crystallization process of the amorphous system was carried out by Moessbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and DTA. Alloy samples crystallized at 600deg C contain the following phases: α-Fe, Fe 3 B and solid solution (Fe, W) 3 B. (orig.)

  15. The Suzaku Observation of the Nucleus of theRadio-Loud Active Galaxy Centaurus A: Constraints on Abundances of the Accreting Material

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Markowitz, A.; Takahashi, T.; Watanabe, S.; Nakazawa, K.; Fukazawa, Y.; Kokubun, M.; Makishima, K.; Awaki, H.; Bamba, A.; Isobe, N.; Kataoka, J.; Madejski, G.; Mushotzky,; Okajima, T.; Ptak, A.; Reeves, J.N.; Ueda, Y.; Yamasaki, T.; Yaqoob, T.

    2007-06-27

    A Suzaku observation of the nucleus of the radio-loud AGN Centaurus A in 2005 has yielded a broadband spectrum spanning 0.3 to 250 keV. The net exposure times after screening were: 70 ks per X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) camera, 60.8 ks for the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) PIN, and 17.1 ks for the HXD-GSO. The hard X-rays are fit by two power-laws of the same slope, absorbed by columns of 1.5 and 7 x 10{sup 23} cm{sup -2} respectively. The spectrum is consistent with previous suggestions that the power-law components are X-ray emission from the sub-pc VLBI jet and from Bondi accretion at the core, but it is also consistent with a partial covering interpretation. The soft band is dominated by thermal emission from the diffuse plasma and is fit well by a two-temperature vapec model, plus a third power-law component to account for scattered nuclear emission, jet emission, and emission from X-ray Binaries and other point sources. Narrow fluorescent emission lines from Fe, Si, S, Ar, Ca and Ni are detected. The Fe K{alpha} line width yields a 200 light-day lower limit on the distance from the black hole to the line-emitting gas. Fe, Ca, and S K-shell absorption edges are detected. Elemental abundances are constrained via absorption edge depths and strengths of the fluorescent and diffuse plasma emission lines. The high metallicity ([Fe/H]=+0.1) of the circumnuclear material suggests that it could not have originated in the relatively metal-poor outer halo unless enrichment by local star formation has occurred. Relative abundances are consistent with enrichment from Type II and Ia supernovae.

  16. SPITZER IRS SPECTRA OF DEBRIS DISKS IN THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jang-Condell, Hannah [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 (United States); Chen, Christine H.; Mittal, Tushar; Lisse, Carey M. [Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States); Manoj, P. [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Rd., Mumbai 400005 (India); Watson, Dan [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States); Nesvold, Erika; Kuchner, Marc [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD (United States)

    2015-08-01

    We analyze spectra obtained with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) of 110 B-, A-, F-, and G-type stars with optically thin infrared excess in the Scorpius–Centaurus OB association. The ages of these stars range from 11 to 17 Myr. We fit the infrared excesses observed in these sources by Spitzer IRS and the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) to simple dust models according to Mie theory. We find that nearly all of the objects in our study can be fit by one or two belts of dust. Dust around lower mass stars appears to be closer in than around higher mass stars, particularly for the warm dust component in the two-belt systems, suggesting a mass-dependent evolution of debris disks around young stars. For those objects with stellar companions, all dust distances are consistent with truncation of the debris disk by the binary companion. The gaps between several of the two-belt systems can place limits on the planets that might lie between the belts, potentially constraining the mass and locations of planets that may be forming around these stars.

  17. Structure and electrical conduction of the system La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-α)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hombo, Jukichi; Urabe, Noriake; Hiroshige, Gota; Hamada, Kotaro.

    1982-01-01

    Perovskite phases in the system, La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-α) were prepared with La 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , and Fe 2 O 3 by firing in air and in vacuo. The compositions of samples fired in vacuo and in air are represented as La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-x 2) and La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)Fe sub(1-y)sup(3+)Fe sub(y)sup(4+)O sub(3-x/2+y/2), respectively. That is, samples fired in vacuo contain some oxygen vacancies and no tetravalent iron; in contrast, samples fired in air contain both oxygen vacancies and tetravalent iron in the structures. The electrical conductivities of these synthesized oxides depended extensively upon the content of tetravalent iron. For instance, the conductivity of the sample x = 0.6 fired in air was larger by 10 6 than that of the sample fired in vacuo. In this system, except for the two terminal compositions of x = 0 and x = 1.0, the values of activation energy for conduction are considerably small, and from the results of thermo-electromotive force measurement, the charge carrier was positive. Furthermore, the conductivity increased somewhat with time during the conductivity measurement by the direct-current method. These facts suggest that the electrical conducted would not be ionic but electronic. The electrical conduction would then be carried out by the so-called hopping mechanism by which the positive charge is transferred. (author)

  18. Crystallization study of amorphous system Fe[sub 84-x]W[sub x]B[sub 16] (x = 3; 5)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Novakova, A.A.; Sidorova, G.V.; Kiseleva, T.Yu.; Szasz, A. (Dept. of Physics, State Univ., Moscow (Russia) Inst. of Metallurgy, Academy of Science, Moscow (Russia) Eoetvoes Univ., Budapest (Hungary))

    1992-10-01

    A complex study of the crystallization process of the amorphous system was carried out by Moessbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and DTA. Alloy samples crystallized at 600deg C contain the following phases: [alpha]-Fe, Fe[sub 3]B and solid solution (Fe, W)[sub 3]B. (orig.).

  19. Concentrations in the Local Association. 1. The southern concentrations NGC 2516, IC 2602, Centaurus-Lupus and Upper Scorpius

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eggen, O J [Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, La Serena (Chile)

    1983-07-01

    Extensive intermediate band and H..beta.. observations and the available astrometry, have been used to support the suggestions that (1) several southern concentrations of stars are moving with the Pleiades and ..cap alpha.. Persei clusters (Local Association) and (2) the Local Association contains an appreciable percentage of the main-sequence stars near the Sun but the non-random distribution of the brighter association members focuses attention on a few concentrations, or 'clusters'. (3) All of the concentrations discussed here are larger than about 10 pc and the largest, in Lupus-Centaurus, is shown to be accompanied by A to G type main-sequence stars.

  20. Production and structural and magnetic characterization of a Bi1-xYxFeO3(x = 0, 0.25 and 0.30) system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gómez, J A Mejía; Palacio, C A; García, G I Supelano; Vargas, C A Parra

    2015-01-01

    The production and the structural and magnetic characterization of the Bi 1-x Y x FeO 3 (x= 0, 0.25 and 0.3) system is reported in this work. The system was produced through the solid-state reaction technique. The morphological characterization obtained by scanning electron microscopy technique evidences the granular behavior. The structural properties were studied by means of X-ray diffraction technique. Magnetization measurements in function of temperature of the Bi 1-x Y x FeO 3 (x= 0, 0.25 and 0.3) system were performed with the magnetometer VSM by means of the Zero Field Cooled-Field Cooled method. The results obtained from all the techniques evidence the effect of yttrium on the physical properties of BiFeO 3 . (paper)

  1. Structure and electrical conduction of the system La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-. cap alpha. )

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hombo, Jukichi; Urabe, Noriake [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Hiroshige, Gota; Hamada, Kotaro

    1982-08-01

    Perovskite phases in the system, La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-..cap alpha..) were prepared with La/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CaCO/sub 3/, and Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ by firing in air and in vacuo. The compositions of samples fired in vacuo and in air are represented as La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)FeO sub(3-x 2) and La sub(1-x)Ca sub(x)Fe sub(1-y)sup(3+)Fe sub(y)sup(4+)O sub(3-x/2+y/2), respectively. That is, samples fired in vacuo contain some oxygen vacancies and no tetravalent iron; in contrast, samples fired in air contain both oxygen vacancies and tetravalent iron in the structures. The electrical conductivities of these synthesized oxides depended extensively upon the content of tetravalent iron. For instance, the conductivity of the sample x = 0.6 fired in air was larger by 10/sup 6/ than that of the sample fired in vacuo. In this system, except for the two terminal compositions of x = 0 and x = 1.0, the values of activation energy for conduction are considerably small, and from the results of thermo-electromotive force measurement, the charge carrier was positive. Furthermore, the conductivity increased somewhat with time during the conductivity measurement by the direct-current method. These facts suggest that the electric conduction would not be ionic but electronic. The electrical conduction would then be carried out by the so-called hopping mechanism by which the positive charge is transferred.

  2. Neutron structural studies of La{sub 3.5-x-y}(Y){sub y}Ba{sub 3.5-x}Ca{sub 2x}Cu{sub 7}O{sub z} (x = y = 0.0 and 0.5) system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Subbarao, M V; Kulkarni, R G [Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot (India); Rajagopal, H; Sequeira, A S [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai (India)

    1997-07-01

    By mixing equal amounts of La{sub 4-x}Ca{sub x}Ba{sub 3}Cu{sub 7}O{sub z} and La{sub 3}Ba{sub 4-x} Ca{sub x}Cu{sub 7}O{sub z} in the proportion of 1 : 1, a series of superconductors part of La replaced by Y with the nominal composition of La{sub 3.5-x-y}(Y){sub y} Ba{sub 3.-5-x}Ca{sub 2x}Cu{sub 7}O{sub z} (LYCP) have been prepared. Two samples with x = y = 0.0 (A) and x = y = 0.5 (B) characterized by x-ray diffraction display tetragonal triple perovskite structure. In order to investigate the effect of substituents (Ca/Y) on structure of this system, neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out at 300 K and {lambda}{sub n}=1.216A at Dhruva reactor.

  3. A POSSIBLE EXTENSION OF THE SCUTUM-CENTAURUS ARM INTO THE OUTER SECOND QUADRANT

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sun, Yan; Xu, Ye; Yang, Ji; Li, Fa-Cheng; Du, Xin-Yu; Zhang, Shao-Bo; Zhou, Xin, E-mail: yansun@pmo.ac.cn [Purple Mountain Observatory and Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China)

    2015-01-10

    Combining H I data from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey and CO data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting project, we have identified a new segment of a spiral arm between Galactocentric radii of 15 and 19 kpc that apparently lies beyond the Outer Arm in the second Galactic quadrant. Over most of its length, the arm is 400-600 pc thick in z. The new arm appears to be the extension of the distant arm recently discovered by Dame and Thaddeus as well as the Scutum-Centaurus Arm into the outer second quadrant. Our current survey identified a total of 72 molecular clouds with masses on the order of 10{sup 2}-10{sup 4} M {sub ☉} that probably lie in the new arm. When all of the available data from the CO molecular clouds are fit, the best-fitting spiral model gives a pitch angle of 9.°3 ± 0.°7.

  4. Infrared, radio, and x-ray observations of Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Becklin, E.E.; Hawkins, F.J.; Mason, K.O.; Matthews, K.; Neugebauer, G.; Packman, D.; Sanford, P.W.; Schupler, B.; Stark, A.; Wynn-Williams, C.G.

    1974-01-01

    The x-ray source Cygnus X-3 has been interpreted as being a binary system on the basis of extensive x-ray observations of periodic variability. At radio wavelengths, the source displays erratic outbursts. Cyg x-3 has not been detected visually but at infrared wavelengths periodic variations in phase with the x-ray variations have been reported. Infrared, x-ray and radio observations of Cyg X-3 made during 1973 through 1973 October are presented. (U.S.)

  5. Compact and portable X-ray imager system using Medipix3RX

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia-Nathan, T. B.; Kachatkou, A.; Jiang, C.; Omar, D.; Marchal, J.; Changani, H.; Tartoni, N.; van Silfhout, R. G.

    2017-10-01

    In this paper the design and implementation of a novel portable X-ray imager system is presented. The design features a direct X-ray detection scheme by making use of a hybrid detector (Medipix3RX). Taking advantages of the capabilities of the Medipix3RX, like a high resolution, zero dead-time, single photon detection and charge-sharing mode, the imager has a better resolution and higher sensitivity compared to using traditional indirect detection schemes. A detailed description of the system is presented, which consists of a vacuum chamber containing the sensor, an electronic board for temperature management, conditioning and readout of the sensor and a data processing unit which also handles network connection and allow communication with clients by acting as a server. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) device is used to implement the readout protocol for the Medipix3RX, apart from the readout the FPGA can perform complex image processing functions such as feature extraction, histogram, profiling and image compression at high speeds. The temperature of the sensor is monitored and controlled through a PID algorithm making use of a Peltier cooler, improving the energy resolution and response stability of the sensor. Without implementing data compression techniques, the system is capable of transferring 680 profiles/s or 240 images/s in a continuous mode. Implementation of equalization procedures and tests on colour mode are presented in this paper. For the experimental measurements the Medipix3RX sensor was used with a Silicon layer. One of the tested applications of the system is as an X-ray beam position monitor (XBPM) device for synchrotron applications. The XBPM allows a non-destructive real time measurement of the beam position, size and intensity. A Kapton foil is placed in the beam path scattering radiation towards a pinhole camera setup that allows the sensor to obtain an image of the beam. By using profiles of the synchrotron X-ray beam, high frequency

  6. Structural study of CaMn_1_−_xMo_xO_3 (0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) system by neutron powder diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Supelano, G.I.; Parra Vargas, C.A.; Barón-González, A.J.; Sarmiento Santos, A.; Frontera, C.

    2016-01-01

    Neutron powder diffraction experiments and magnetic measurements in polycrystalline CaMn_1_−_xMo_xO_3 (x = 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) point towards a possible charge and orbital order in this system. The analysis of structural and magnetic data show that the samples present structural phase transformation from Pnma to P2_1/m space group and the system has a C-type antiferromagnetic configuration at low temperature. A detailed analysis of the bond distances signals a small Jahn-Teller distortion of only one (x = 0.08) or of the two Mn ions (x = 0.10, 0.12). We identify the partially occupied e_g orbitals and this explains the C-type magnetic structure. - Highlights: • CaMn_1_−_xMo_xO_3 (x = 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) is investigated by neutron powder diffraction. • Analysis of individual Mn-O distances demonstrates the apparition of orbital order. • By symmetry analysis, we find that the low temperature magnetic structure is C-type. • Magnetic interactions foreseen by the orbital order explain the magnetic structure.

  7. System Ba/sub 2/Gdsub(2/3)vacantsub(1/3)Usub(1-x)Wsub(x)O/sub 6/ and hexagonal perovskites of an 18-layer type

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wischert, W; Schittenhelm, H J; Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Chemie

    1978-04-01

    In the system Ba/sub 2/Gdsub(2/3)vacantsub(1/3)Usub(1-x)Wsub(x)O/sub 6/ the formation of a continuous solid solution series is observed. With x <= 0.9 the mixed crystals have a cubic 1:1 ordered perovskite structure. With x >= 0.95 the compounds are polymorphic: besides an cubic 1:1 ordered perovskite type for x = 0.95; 0.99 and 1.00 one hexagonal layer structure exists. This lattice is in all cases rhombohedral (space group R3m) and represents an 18 L-type. Likewise the compounds Ba/sub 2/Bsub(2/3)sup(III)vacantsub(1/3)Wsup(VI)O/sub 6/ with Bsup(III) Tb-Lu and Y belong to the 18 L-type.

  8. Low-temperature specific heat measurements on the NdCoxFe1-xO3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bartolome, F.; Kuz'min, M.D.; Bartolome, J.; Blasco, J.; Garcia, J.

    1995-01-01

    Low-temperature specific heat measurements have been carried out on the NdCo x Fe 1-x O 3 perovskite system (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.9, 1). Magnetic ordering of Nd 3+ ions have been observed in NdCoO 3 (at 1.20 K) and NdFeO 3 (at 1.05 K). The studied dilutions, unlike the pure Fe or Co compounds, do not show a magnetic order of the Nd ions due to the stronger molecular field caused by decompensation of the internal field upon the introduction of the (Co 3+ ) magnetic vacancies in the antiferromagnetically ordered Fe subsystem. The specific heat curve of the system at x=0.9 resembles spin-glass behaviour. ((orig.))

  9. Real-Space Bonding Indicator Analysis of the Donor-Acceptor Complexes X3BNY3, X3AlNY3, X3BPY3, and X3AlPY3 (X, Y = H, Me, Cl).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mebs, Stefan; Beckmann, Jens

    2017-10-12

    Calculations of real-space bonding indicators (RSBI) derived from Atoms-In-Molecules (AIM), Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI-D), Non-Covalent Interactions index (NCI), and Density Overlap Regions Indicator (DORI) toolkits for a set of 36 donor-acceptor complexes X 3 BNY 3 (1, 1a-1h), X 3 AlNY 3 (2, 2a-2h), X 3 BPY 3 (3, 3a-3h), and X 3 AlPY 3 (4, 4a-4h) reveal that the donor-acceptor bonds comprise covalent and ionic interactions in varying extents (X = Y = H for 1-4; X = H, Y = Me for 1a-4a; X = H, Y = Cl for 1b-4b; X = Me, Y = H for 1c-4c; X, Y = Me for 1d-4d; X = Me, Y = Cl for 1e-4e; X = Cl, Y = H for 1f-4f; X = Cl, Y = Me for 1g-4g; X, Y = Cl for 1h-4h). The phosphinoboranes X 3 BPY 3 (3, 3a-3h) in general and Cl 3 BPMe 3 (3f) in particular show the largest covalent contributions and the least ionic contributions. The aminoalanes X 3 AlNY 3 (2, 2a-2h) in general and Me 3 AlNCl 3 (2e) in particular show the least covalent contributions and the largest ionic contributions. The aminoboranes X 3 BNY 3 (1, 1a-1h) and the phosphinoalanes X 3 AlPY 3 (4, 4a-4h) are midway between phosphinoboranes and aminoalanes. The degree of covalency and ionicity correlates with the electronegativity difference BP (ΔEN = 0.15) < AlP (ΔEN = 0.58) < BN (ΔEN = 1.00) < AlN (ΔEN = 1.43) and a previously published energy decomposition analysis (EDA). To illustrate the importance of both contributions in Lewis formula representations, two resonance formulas should be given for all compounds, namely, the canonical form with formal charges denoting covalency and the arrow notation pointing from the donor to the acceptor atom to emphasis ionicity. If the Lewis formula mainly serves to show the atomic connectivity, the most significant should be shown. Thus, it is legitimate to present aminoalanes using arrows; however, for phosphinoboranes the canonical form with formal charges is more appropriate.

  10. X-ray television system, SHIMAVISION 3200X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagata, Takashi; Takemoto, Hajime; Nakamura, Masanori; Imanishi, Tetsuo

    1990-01-01

    X-ray television system 'SHIMAVISION 3200X' has been developed. This system has achieved large image size in radiography and fluoroscopy utilizing up to 17inch x 14inch cassette radiographic function attached to 2 channel 3 size cassetteless spotfilm device and utilizing 12inch I.I. at same table top height as 9inch I.I. Newly designed image processor makes fluoroscopic image high quality. (author)

  11. Transport, Thermal, and Magnetic Properties of YbNi3X9 (X = Al, Ga): A Newly Synthesized Yb-Based Kondo Lattice System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamashita, Tetsuro; Miyazaki, Ryoichi; Aoki, Yuji; Ohara, Shigeo

    2012-03-01

    We have succeeded in synthesizing a new Yb-based Kondo lattice system, YbNi3X9 (X = Al, Ga). Our study reveals that YbNi3Al9 shows typical features of a heavy-fermion antiferromagnet with a Néel temperature of TN = 3.4 K. All of the properties reflect a competition between the Kondo effect and the crystalline electric field (CEF) effect. The moderate heavy-fermion state leads to an enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient of 100 mJ/(mol\\cdotK2), even if ordered antiferromagnetically. On the other hand, the isostructural gallide YbNi3Ga9 is an intermediate-valence system with a Kondo temperature of TK = 570 K. A large hybridization scale can overcome the CEF splitting energy, and a moderately heavy Fermi-liquid ground state with high local moment degeneracy should form at low temperatures. Note that the quality of single-crystalline YbNi3X9 is extremely high compared with those of other Yb-based Kondo lattice compounds. We conclude that YbNi3X9 is a suitable system for investigating the electronic structure of Yb-based Kondo lattice systems from a heavy-fermion system with an antiferromagnetically ordered ground state to an intermediate-valence system.

  12. Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 24. Rhombohedral 9 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 3/Wsub(2-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(9-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

    1980-12-01

    In the system Ba/sub 3/Wsub(2-x)sup(VI)Nbsub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(9-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) stacking polytypes of rhombohedral 9 L type (sequence (hhc)/sub 3/; space group R-3m) can be prepared with approximately 1/3 <= x <= 2. For x = 2(Ba/sub 3/Nb/sub 2/vacantO/sub 8/vacant) two modifications are formed. In the corresponding Ta system the phase width is reduced to a smaller region with x approximately 1/3.

  13. Thermal expansion of Cr2xFe2-2xMo3O12, Al2xFe2-2xMo3O12 and Al2xCr2-2xMo3O12 solid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ari, M.; Jardim, P.M.; Marinkovic, B.A.; Rizzo, F.; Ferreira, F.F.

    2008-01-01

    The transition temperature from monoclinic to orthorhombic and the thermal expansion of the orthorhombic phase were investigated for three systems of the family A 2 M 3 O 12 : Cr 2x Fe 2-2x Mo 3 O 12 , Al 2x Fe 2-2x Mo 3 O 12 and Al 2x Cr 2-2x Mo 3 O 12 . It was possible to obtain a single-phase solid solution in all studied samples (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1). A linear relationship between the transition temperature and the fraction of A 3+ cations (x) was observed for each system. In all orthorhombic solid solutions studied here the observed thermal expansion was anisotropic. These anisotropic thermal expansion properties of crystallographic axes a, b and c result in a low positive or near-zero overall linear coefficient of thermal expansion (α l =α V /3). The relationship between the size of A 3+ cations in A 2 M 3 O 12 and the coefficient of thermal expansion is discussed. Near-zero thermal expansion of Cr 2 Mo 3 O 12 is explained by the behavior of Cr-O and Mo-O bond distances, Cr-Mo non-bond distances and Cr-O-Mo bond angles with increasing temperature, estimated by Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. - Graphical abstract: In this figure, all published overall linear coefficients of thermal expansion for orthorhombic A 2 M 3 O 12 family obtained through diffraction methods as a function of A 3+ cation radii size, together with dilatometric results, are plotted. Our results indicate that Cr 2 Mo 3 O 12 does not exactly follow the established relationship

  14. Applying a physical continuum model to describe the broadband X-ray spectra of accreting pulsars at high luminosity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pottschmidt, Katja; Hemphill, Paul B.; Wolff, Michael T.; Cheatham, Diana M.; Iwakiri, Wataru; Gottlieb, Amy M.; Falkner, Sebastian; Ballhausen, Ralf; Fuerst, Felix; Kuehnel, Matthias; Ferrigno, Carlo; Becker, Peter A.; Wood, Kent S.; Wilms, Joern

    2018-01-01

    A new window for better understanding the accretion onto strongly magnetized neutron stars in X-ray binaries is opening. In these systems the accreted material follows the magnetic field lines as it approaches the neutron star, forming accretion columns above the magnetic poles. The plasma falls toward the neutron star surface at near-relativistic speeds, losing energy by emitting X-rays. The X-ray spectral continua are commonly described using phenomenological models, i.e., power laws with different types of curved cut-offs at higher energies. Here we consider high luminosity pulsars. In these systems the mass transfer rate is high enough that the accreting plasma is thought to be decelerated in a radiation-dominated radiative shock in the accretion columns. While the theory of the emission from such shocks had already been developed by 2007, a model for direct comparison with X-ray continuum spectra in xspec or isis has only recently become available. Characteristic parameters of this model are the accretion column radius and the plasma temperature, among others. Here we analyze the broadband X-ray spectra of the accreting pulsars Centaurus X-3 and 4U 1626-67 obtained with NuSTAR. We present results from traditional empirical modeling as well as successfully apply the radiation-dominated radiative shock model. We also take the opportunity to compare to similar recent analyses of both sources using these and other observations.

  15. Structural and electromagnetic characteristics of perovskites in La1–c–xSrc+xMn1–xMe4+xO3 systems (Me=Ge, Ti

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karpasyuk V.

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Experimental data are shown for the influence of substituting quadrivalent ions on the concentration phase transitions “rhombohedral-orthorhombic structure” and “semiconductor-metal” in ceramic manganites of specifically designed system La3+1–c–xSr2+c+xMn3+1–c–xMn4+cMe4+xO3 (c=0.15, 0.17, 0.19; 0.025≤x≤0.125. Regularities in the concentration dependences of unit cell volume, saturation magnetization, Curie point, and resistivity were established. Ge-substituted manganites had essentially higher values of magnetization and Curie temperature than analogous compositions with Ti. The approach to the interpretation of experimental results is discussed in terms of electron configurations and ionic radii of substituents taking into account oxygen nonstoichiometry and cation vacancies.

  16. Disk Disruptions and X-ray Intensity Excursions in Cyg X-2, LMC X-3 and Cyg X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boyd, P. T.; Smale, A. P.

    2001-05-01

    The RXTE All Sky Monitor soft X-ray light curves of many X-ray binaries show long-term intensity variations (a.k.a "superorbital periodicities") that have been ascribed to precession of a warped, tilted accretion disk around the X-ray source. We have found that the excursion times between X-ray minima in Cyg X-2 can be characterized as a series of integer multiples of the 9.8 binary orbital period, (as opposed to the previously reported stable 77.7 day single periodicity, or a single modulation whose period changes slowly with time). While the data set is too short for a proper statistical analysis, it is clear that the length of any given intensity excursion cannot be used to predict the next (integer) excursion length in the series. In the black hole candidate system LMC X-3, the excursion times are shown to be related to each other by rational fractions. We find that the long term light curve of the unusual galactic X-ray jet source Cyg X-3 can also be described as a series of intensity excursions related to each other by integer multiples of a fundamental underlying clock. In the latter cases, the clock is apparently not related to the known binary periods. A unified physical model, involving both an inclined accretion disk and a fixed-probability disk disruption mechanism is presented, and compared with three-body scattering results. Each time the disk passes through the orbital plane it experiences a fixed probability P that it will disrupt. This model has testable predictions---the distribution of integers should resemble that of an atomic process with a characteristic half life. Further analysis can support or refute the model, and shed light on what system parameters effectively set the value of P.

  17. Investigation of structural and electrical properties of (1 - x) Bi0.5Mg0.5TiO3-(x) PbTiO3 ceramic system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rai, Radheshyam; Sinha, Abinhav; Sharmac, Seema; Sinha, N.K.P.

    2009-01-01

    [(BiMg 0.5 Ti 0.5 O 3 ) 1-x ][PbTiO 3 ] x (BMT-PT) ceramic powders of different compositions were prepared by solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis of the compounds suggest the structural change (rhombohedral to tetragonal) in these ceramics. SEM photographs exhibit the uniform distribution of grains with less porosity. Polarization vs. electric field (P-E) studies show maximum remanent polarization (P r ∼ 7.9 μC/cm 2 ) for composition x = 0.34. The dielectric peaks were found to be broadened that indicates the existence of diffuse phase transition. Diffusivity (γ) study of phase transition in these compounds provided values between 1 and 2 indicating the variation of degree of disorderness in the system.

  18. Non-Fermi liquid and spin-glass behavior of the Sc1-xUxPd3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gajewski, D.A.; Allenspach, P.; Seaman, C.L.; Maple, M.B.

    1994-01-01

    Previous electrical resistivity ρ(T), magnetic susceptibility χ(T), and specific heat C(T) measurements on the Y 1-x U x Pd 3 system have revealed Kondo behavior for 0 K , where T K is the Kondo temperature: ρ(T)/ρ(0)∼1-T/(aT K ) and C(T)/T∼-(1/T K )ln T with evidence for a finite T=0 residual entropy S(0)=(R/2)ln(2). We report measurements of ρ(T), χ(T), and C(T) on the Sc 1-x U x Pd 3 system which reveal similar Kondo, non-Fermi liquid, and spin-glass behaviors. ((orig.))

  19. THE X-RAY HALO OF CEN X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thompson, Thomas W. J.; Rothschild, Richard E.

    2009-01-01

    Using two Chandra observations, we have derived estimates of the dust distribution and distance to the eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary Cen X-3 using the energy-resolved dust-scattered X-ray halo. By comparing the observed X-ray halos in 200 eV bands from 2-5 keV to the halo profiles predicted by the Weingartner and Draine interstellar grain model, we find that the vast majority (∼ 70%) of the dust along the line of sight to the system is located within about 300 pc of the Sun, although the halo measurements are insensitive to dust very close to the source. One of the Chandra observations occurred during an egress from eclipse as the pulsar emerged from behind the mass-donating primary. By comparing model halo light curves during this transition to the halo measurements, a source distance of 5.7 ± 1.5 kpc (68% confidence level) is estimated, although we find this result depends on the distribution of dust on very small scales. Nevertheless, this value is marginally inconsistent with the commonly accepted distance to Cen X-3 of 8 kpc. We also find that the energy scaling of the scattering optical depth predicted by the Weingartner and Draine interstellar grain model does not accurately represent the results determined by X-ray halo studies of Cen X-3. Relative to the model, there appears to be less scattering at low energies or more scattering at high energies in Cen X-3.

  20. On the limitations and optimisation of high-resolution 3D medical X-ray imaging systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhou Shuang; Brahme, Anders

    2011-01-01

    Based on a quantitative analysis of both attenuation and refractive properties of X-ray propagation in human body tissues and the introduction of a mathematical model for image quality analysis, some limitations and optimisation of high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) medical X-ray imaging techniques are studied. A comparison is made of conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging methods with the phase-contrast X-ray imaging modalities that have been developed recently. The results indicate that it is theoretically possible through optimal design of the X-ray imaging system to achieve high spatial resolution (<100 μm) in 3D medical X-ray imaging of the human body at a clinically acceptable dose level (<10 mGy) by introducing a phase-contrast X-ray imaging technique.

  1. Structural study of CaMn{sub 1−x}Mo{sub x}O{sub 3} (0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) system by neutron powder diffraction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Supelano, G.I., E-mail: ivan.supelano@uptc.edu.co [Grupo Física de Materiales, Escuela de Física, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja (Colombia); Parra Vargas, C.A.; Barón-González, A.J. [Grupo Física de Materiales, Escuela de Física, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja (Colombia); Sarmiento Santos, A. [Grupo Superficies Electroquímica y Corrosión, Escuela de Física, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja (Colombia); Frontera, C. [Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus Universitari de Bellaterra, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)

    2016-08-15

    Neutron powder diffraction experiments and magnetic measurements in polycrystalline CaMn{sub 1−x}Mo{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) point towards a possible charge and orbital order in this system. The analysis of structural and magnetic data show that the samples present structural phase transformation from Pnma to P2{sub 1}/m space group and the system has a C-type antiferromagnetic configuration at low temperature. A detailed analysis of the bond distances signals a small Jahn-Teller distortion of only one (x = 0.08) or of the two Mn ions (x = 0.10, 0.12). We identify the partially occupied e{sub g} orbitals and this explains the C-type magnetic structure. - Highlights: • CaMn{sub 1−x}Mo{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) is investigated by neutron powder diffraction. • Analysis of individual Mn-O distances demonstrates the apparition of orbital order. • By symmetry analysis, we find that the low temperature magnetic structure is C-type. • Magnetic interactions foreseen by the orbital order explain the magnetic structure.

  2. NEW BROWN DWARF COMPANIONS TO YOUNG STARS IN SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Janson, Markus [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (United States); Jayawardhana, Ray; Bonavita, Mariangela [Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON (Canada); Girard, Julien H. [European Southern Observatory, Santiago (Chile); Lafreniere, David [Department of Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC (Canada); Gizis, John [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States); Brandeker, Alexis, E-mail: janson@astro.princeton.edu [Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden)

    2012-10-10

    We present the discoveries of three faint companions to young stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus region, imaged with the NICI instrument on Gemini South. We have confirmed all three companions through common proper motion tests. Follow-up spectroscopy has confirmed two of them, HIP 65423 B and HIP 65517 B, to be brown dwarfs, while the third, HIP 72099 B, is more likely a very low mass star just above the hydrogen burning limit. The detection of wide companions in the mass range of {approx}40-100 M{sub jup} complements previous work in the same region, reporting detections of similarly wide companions with lower masses, in the range of {approx}10-30 M{sub jup}. Such low masses near the deuterium burning limit have raised the question of whether those objects formed like planets or stars. The existence of intermediate objects as reported here could represent a bridge between lower-mass companions and stellar companions, but in any case demonstrate that mass alone may not provide a clear-cut distinction for the formation of low-mass companions to stars.

  3. Crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of pseudobrookite Fe2-xNixTiO5 system (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yosef Sarwanto and Wisnu Ari Adi

    2018-01-01

    Crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of pseudobrookite Fe 2-x Ni x TiO 5 system (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ,0.5 and 1)have been performed through solid state reaction. Pseudobrookite Fe 2-x Ni x TiO 5 system was synthesized by mixing of Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, and TiO 2 with stoichiometry composition using wet mill. The mixture was milled for 5 hours and sintered in the electric chamber furnace at 1000 °C in the air at atmosphere pressure for 5 hours. The refinement against of X-ray diffraction data shows that the samples with composition of (x = 0) and (x = 0.1) have a single phase with Fe 2 TiO 5 structure. How ever the samples with composition of (x > 0.1) consist of multiple phases, namely Fe 2-x Ni x TiO 5 , FeTiO 3 , Fe 2 NiO 4 and NiO. Particle morphologies of the composition x = 0 and x =0.1 are homogenous and uniform on the sample surface with a polygonal particle shape and particle size varies. At room temperature, the sample with x =0 is paramagnetic and that with x =0.1 is ferromagnetic. Magnetic phase transformation of this study is the caused by the present of Ni substituted Fe in the system. Thus substitution Ni into Fe on the system pseudobrookite Fe 2 TiO 5 only capable of 0.1 at.% without changing the crystal structure of the material. It means that there is an interaction between the magnetic spin Fe 3+ on the 3d 5 configurations and Ni 2 + on the 3d 3 configurations through the mechanism of double exchange. Double exchange mechanism is a magnetic type of exchange that appears between the ions Fe 3+ and Ni 2+ adjacent in different oxidation states. (author)

  4. Spin-glass state in the mixed system (Co1-xFex)2(OH)3Cl on deformed pyrochlore lattice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fujihala, M.; Hagihala, M.; Zheng, X.G.; Kawae, T.

    2009-01-01

    Magnetic interactions in a new geometrically frustrated system (Co 1-x Fe x ) 2 (OH) 3 Cl are investigated using magnetic susceptibility and μSR study. While Co 2 (OH) 3 Cl is ferromagnetic and Fe 2 (OH) 3 Cl antiferromagnetic, the partially substituted series (Co 1-x Fe x ) 2 (OH) 3 Cl show spin-glass behaviours, wherein ferromagnetic interactions prevail for low Fe concentration and antiferromagnetic ones prevail for high Fe concentration. In special, analysis of the AC magnetic susceptibility and ZF-μ + SR for the x=0.5 sample suggest that CoFe(OH) 3 Cl has both features of chemically disordered random spin glass and geometrically frustrated spin glass. It is also the first spin-glass system for the newly found geometric frustration series M 2 (OH) 3 X.

  5. Evaluation of flooded 3 x3x3 arrays of plutonium metal

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pitts, M.; Rahnema, F.

    1997-01-01

    In the early 1980's, thirteen experiments using plutonium metal cylinders were performed at the Rocky Flats Critical Mass Laboratory. The experimental method consisted of flooding a 3 x3 x3 array with water until criticality was achieved. Ten of the thirteen experiments went critical while the other three remained subcritical upon full reflection. This paper evaluates these experiments to develop benchmark descriptions for validation of computational tools used by criticality safety specialists. Six of the ten critical experiments were found acceptable as benchmark experiments. Sensitivity studies were performed to find the effect of experimental limits and uncertainties on the k eff value. Analysis of the experiments was performed by MCNP with continuous energy ENDF/B-V cross section data. K eff values for all benchmark experiments were computed using MCNP with ENDF/B-V data, KENO-Va with Hansen Roach cross section, and KENO-Va with 27-group ENDF/B-IV cross sections. Although these experiments were flooded, KENO-Va calculations show that these were, in fact, fast systems. 3 refs., 1 fig., 7 tabs

  6. Phase analysis of the system La1-xBaxFeO3-y (0≤x≤0.70) by means of X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, J.; Jing, J.

    1992-01-01

    X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer measurements were performed on novelly synthesized La 1-x Ba x FeO 3-y (0≤x≤0.70). Two phases were found in the system. La 1-x Ba x FeO 3-y for 0≤x≤0.10 is an orthorhombic perovskite. La 1-x Ba x FeO 3-y for 0.54≤x≤0.70 is a cubic perovskite. La 1-x Ba x FeO 3-y for 0.10≤x≤0.54 consists of these two phases. (orig.)

  7. Hexagonal perovskites with cationic vacancies. 25. Hexagonal 5 L stacking polytypes in the systems Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)sup(VI)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with Msup(V) = Nb, Ta

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

    1980-12-01

    In the systems BaO-M/sub 2/sup(V)O/sub 5/-WO/sub 3/ (Msup(V) = Nb, Ta) a new phase Ba/sub 5/BaWsub(3-x)Msub(x)sup(V)vacantOsub(15-x/2)vacantsub(x/2) with hexagonal 5 L structure (sequence hhccc; space group P-3m1) could be prepared. The range of existence is restricted to Msup(V) containing compounds. With Msup(V) = Nb the lower phase boundary is x = 3. In the Ta system it is reached between x = 2 and 3; the pure Ta pervoskite (Ba:Ta:O = 6:3:13 1/2 = 4:2:9) represents the final member of the series Ba/sub 3/Srsub(1-y)Basub(y)Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ with y = 1.

  8. New dielectric material systems of Sr{sub x}Nd{sub 2(1}–{sub x)/3}TiO{sub 3} perovskites-like at microwave frequencies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qu, Jingjing [Department of Information Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Liu, Fei, E-mail: liufeiguet@163.com [College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Wei, Xing [Department of Information Engineering, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Yuan, Changlai [College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Liu, Xinyu [College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Huang, Xianpei [College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004 (China); Liu, Xiao [College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004 (China)

    2016-04-15

    Perovskite compounds, Sr{sub x}Nd{sub 2(1−x)/3}TiO{sub 3} (SNTx) with x ranging from 0.05 to 0.2, were prepared by the conventional solid–state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns illustrated that high density and single phase products were obtained for all samples, indicating that a small level of Sr addition could substantially stabilise the structure and maintain a single phase for Nd{sub 2/3}TiO{sub 3} ceramics. But there was also an orthorhombic space groups transition from Pnma to P4/mmm when x was above 0.18. In addition, the dielectric constant (ε{sub r}) of SNTx ceramics had improved from ∼85.6 to ∼112 with increasing x value due to the larger ionic polarizability of Sr{sup 2+} than that of Nd{sup 3+}. Notably, the product of dielectric Q value and resonant frequency (Q × f) of ∼295–650 at 3.07–3.32 GHz was strongly dependent on the grain size and the cation deficient in the present systems. Either increasing grain size or decreasing A-site vacancies led to an increase in the Q × f value. Besides, a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ{sub f}) of the SNTx ceramics sintered at their optimum densification temperature gradually increases from 191.7 ppm/°C (x = 0.05) to 221.3 ppm/°C (x = 0.2), which results from the lower rattling effect and higher symmetry in BO{sub 6} octahedra of perovskite structure according to bond valence theory and tolerance factor (t). - Highlights: • A small level of Sr addition could stabilise the structure for Nd{sub 2/3}TiO{sub 3} ceramics. • The rattling effect of BO{sub 6} octahedra increases with decreasing B-site bond valence. • There was an orthorhombic space groups transition from Pnma to P4/mmm. • Homogeneous grain size and decreasing A-site vacancies led to an increase in Q × f.

  9. Synthesis, structural and microwave dielectric properties of Al2W3-xMoxO12 (x = 0-3) ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Surjith, A.; James, Nijesh K.; Ratheesh, R.

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Solid state synthesis of phase pure Al 2 W 3-x Mo x O 12 (x = 0-3) compositions. → Sintering studies of Al 2 W 3-x Mo x O 12 (x = 0-3) ceramics. → Structural and microstructural evaluation using powder X-ray diffraction and SEM studies. → Microwave dielectric property evaluation of Al 2 W 3-x Mo x O 12 (x = 0-3) ceramics through Hakki and Coleman post resonator and cavity perturbation techniques. → Structure-property correlation through Laser Raman studies. - Abstract: Low dielectric ceramics in the Al 2 W 3-x Mo x O 12 (x = 0-3) system have been prepared through solid state ceramic route. The phase purity of the ceramic compositions has been studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The microstructure of the sintered ceramics was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The crystal structure of the ceramic compositions as a result of Mo substitution has been studied using Laser Raman spectroscopy. The microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics were studied by Hakki and Coleman post resonator and cavity perturbation techniques. Al 2 Mo x W 3-x O 12 (x = 0-3) ceramics exhibited low dielectric constant and relatively high unloaded quality factor. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of the compositions is found to be in the range -41 to -72 ppm/deg. C.

  10. Block 3 X-band receiver-exciter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johns, C. E.

    1987-01-01

    The development of an X-band exciter, for use in the X-Band Uplink Subsystem, was completed. The exciter generates the drive signal for the X-band transmitter and also generates coherent test signals for the S- and X-band Block 3 translator and a Doppler reference signal for the Doppler extractor system. In addition to the above, the exciter generates other reference signals that are described. Also presented is an overview of the exciter design and some test data taken on the prototype. A brief discussion of the Block 3 Doppler extractor is presented.

  11. A REVISED AGE FOR UPPER SCORPIUS AND THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY AMONG THE F-TYPE MEMBERS OF THE SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bubar, Eric J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171 (United States)

    2012-02-20

    We present an analysis of the ages and star formation history of the F-type stars in the Upper Scorpius (US), Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL), and Lower Centaurus-Crux (LCC) subgroups of Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen), the nearest OB association. Our parent sample is the kinematically selected Hipparcos sample of de Zeeuw et al., restricted to the 138 F-type members. We have obtained classification-resolution optical spectra and have also determined the spectroscopic accretion disk fraction. With Hipparcos and 2MASS photometry, we estimate the reddening and extinction for each star and place the candidate members on a theoretical H-R diagram. For each subgroup we construct empirical isochrones and compare to published evolutionary tracks. We find that (1) our empirical isochrones are consistent with the previously published age-rank of the Sco-Cen subgroups; (2) subgroups LCC and UCL appear to reach the main-sequence turn-on at spectral types {approx}F4 and {approx}F2, respectively. An analysis of the A-type stars shows US reaching the main sequence at about spectral type {approx}A3. (3) The median ages for the pre-main-sequence members of UCL and LCC are 16 Myr and 17 Myr, respectively, in agreement with previous studies, however we find that (4) Upper Sco is much older than previously thought. The luminosities of the F-type stars in US are typically a factor of {approx}2.5 less luminous than predicted for a 5 Myr old population for four sets of evolutionary tracks. We re-examine the evolutionary state and isochronal ages for the B-, A-, and G-type Upper Sco members, as well as the evolved M supergiant Antares, and estimate a revised mean age for Upper Sco of 11 {+-} 1 {+-} 2 Myr (statistical, systematic). Using radial velocities and Hipparcos parallaxes we calculate a lower limit on the kinematic expansion age for Upper Sco of >10.5 Myr (99% confidence). However, the data are statistically consistent with no expansion. We reevaluate the inferred masses for the known

  12. Impedance and magnetoelectric characteristics of (1 - x)BaTiO3- xLa0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ( x = 0.1 and 0.3) nano-composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nayek, C.; Murugavel, P.; Dinesh Kumar, S.; Subramanian, V.

    2015-08-01

    We have synthesized the phase-pure (1 - x)BaTiO3- xLa0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ( x = 0.1 and 0.3) magnetoelectric composites without interdiffusion among the existing phases. The magnetic measurements revealed an anomaly at the ferroelectric Curie temperature (393 K) of BaTiO3, and the dielectric data revealed an anomaly at the ferromagnetic transition temperature (360 K) of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ascertaining the magnetoelectric coupling in the composite. Impedance analysis indicated dipolar polarization contributions to the dielectric spectrum with two non-Debye-type relaxations. Both the grain and grain boundary contributions were present in the system with dominant grain boundary effect in all the composites. The composites show semiconducting behavior with the barrier hopping-type conducting mechanism. To avoid the free charge carrier and the space charge contributions, the magnetoelectric response was measured at high frequency range. The maximum values of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient measured at 100 kHz were 221 and 219 mV/Oe-cm for x = 0.1 and 0.3 samples, respectively.

  13. Modulation of electronic and optical properties in mixed halide perovskites CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Ziqi; Cui, Yu; Deng, Hui-Xiong; Huang, Le; Wei, Zhongming; Li, Jingbo

    2017-03-01

    The recent discovery of lead halide perovskites with band gaps in the visible presents important potential in the design of high efficient solar cells. CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 are stable compounds within this new family of semiconductors. By performing the first-principles calculation, we explore the structural, electronic and optical properties of CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) with various compositions of halide atoms. Structural stability is demonstrated with halide atoms distributing randomly at the halide atomic sites. CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) exhibit the modulation of their band gaps by varying the halide composition. Our results also indicate that CsPbCl3xBr3(1-x) and CsPbBr3xI3(1-x) with different halide compositions are suitable to application to solar cells for the general features are well preserved. Good absorption to lights of different wavelengths has been obtained in these mixed halide perovskites.

  14. Characterization of separability and entanglement in (2xD)- and (3xD)-dimensional systems by single-qubit and single-qutrit unitary transformations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Giampaolo, Salvatore M.; Illuminati, Fabrizio

    2007-01-01

    We investigate the geometric characterization of pure state bipartite entanglement of (2xD)- and (3xD)-dimensional composite quantum systems. To this aim, we analyze the relationship between states and their images under the action of particular classes of local unitary operations. We find that invariance of states under the action of single-qubit and single-qutrit transformations is a necessary and sufficient condition for separability. We demonstrate that in the (2xD)-dimensional case the von Neumann entropy of entanglement is a monotonic function of the minimum squared Euclidean distance between states and their images over the set of single qubit unitary transformations. Moreover, both in the (2xD)- and in the (3xD)-dimensional cases the minimum squared Euclidean distance exactly coincides with the linear entropy [and thus as well with the tangle measure of entanglement in the (2xD)-dimensional case]. These results provide a geometric characterization of entanglement measures originally established in informational frameworks. Consequences and applications of the formalism to quantum critical phenomena in spin systems are discussed

  15. Order-disorder in ferroelectric PbZr1-xTixO3 system base solid solutions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Redichkina, N.B.; Kupriyanov, M.F.; Dudek, Yu.; Abdulvakhidov, K.G.

    1995-01-01

    Effect of close order in PbZr 1-x Tr x O 3 system is studied by roentgen infraction method. It is shown that possible effects of crystal-chemical order-disorder shoved be accounted for by analysis of dependence of physical properties on real structural state parameters. Refs. 17, fig. 1

  16. An ab initio study on MgX3- and CaX3- superhalogen anions (X=F, Cl, Br)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anusiewicz, Iwona; Sobczyk, Monika; Dabkowska, Iwona; Skurski, Piotr

    2003-01-01

    The vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs) of twenty MX 3 - (M=Mg, Ca; X=F, Cl, Br) anions were calculated at the OVGF level with the 6-311++G(3df) basis sets. The largest vertical electron binding energy was found for MgF 3 - system (8.793 eV). All negatively charged species possess the VDEs that are larger than 5.9 eV and thus may be termed superhalogen anions. The strong dependence of the VDE of the MX 3 - species on the ligand-central atom (M-X) distance and on the partial atomic charge localized on Mg or Ca was observed and discussed, as well as the other factors that may influence the electronic stability of such anions

  17. An ab initio study on MgX 3- and CaX 3- superhalogen anions (X=F, Cl, Br)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anusiewicz, Iwona; Sobczyk, Monika; Dąbkowska, Iwona; Skurski, Piotr

    2003-06-01

    The vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs) of twenty MX 3- (M=Mg, Ca; X=F, Cl, Br) anions were calculated at the OVGF level with the 6-311++G(3df) basis sets. The largest vertical electron binding energy was found for MgF 3- system (8.793 eV). All negatively charged species possess the VDEs that are larger than 5.9 eV and thus may be termed superhalogen anions. The strong dependence of the VDE of the MX 3- species on the ligand-central atom (M-X) distance and on the partial atomic charge localized on Mg or Ca was observed and discussed, as well as the other factors that may influence the electronic stability of such anions.

  18. Mechanisms Responsible for the Large Piezoelectricity at the Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Boundary of (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 System.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Tao; Ke, Xiaoqin; Wang, Yunzhi

    2016-09-16

    Recently it was found that in the lead-free (1-x)BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (BZT-xBCT) system, the highest piezoelectric d33 coefficient appears at the tetragonal (T) - orthorhombic (O) phase boundary rather than the O - rhombohedral (R) phase boundary, but the physical origin of it is still unclear. In this work we construct the phase diagram of the BZT-xBCT system using a generic sixth-order Landau free energy polynomial and calculate the energy barrier (EB) for direct domain switching between two variants of the stable low-symmetry ferroelectric phase. We find that the EB at the T-O phase boundary is lower than that at the O-R phase boundary and EB may serve as a rigorous quantitative measure of the degree of polarization anisotropy through Landau potential. The calculations may shed some light on the physical origin of the highest piezoelectric coefficients as well as the softest elastic compliance at the T-O phase boundary observed in experiments.

  19. Hypoeutectic melting in the UO{sub 2-x}-Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Journeau, Christophe, E-mail: christophe.journeau@cea.fr [CEA, DEN, SMTA, LPMA, Cadarache, F13108 St Paul lez Durance (France); Fouquart, Pascal [CEA, DEN, SMTA, LPMA, Cadarache, F13108 St Paul lez Durance (France); Domenger, Renaud; Allegri, Patrick [CEA, DEN, SGCS, LMAC, Marcoule, F30207 Bagnols sur Cèze (France)

    2017-05-15

    Gadolinium is one of the best neutron absorber materials and its use can be considered as a sacrificial material in a Sodium Fast Reactor core catcher in view of preventing recriticallity. A series of experiments have been conducted in the VITI induction-heated facility to study the melting in the UO{sub 2-x}-Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} system with 60–87 mol% gadolinia. These experiments have indicated that the eutectic composition is around 92 mol% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} – 8 mol% UO{sub 2-x} and that the liquidus line is close to that of Popov et al. [Atom. Energ. 110 (2011) pp. 221–229] phase diagram. - Highlights: •Melting/Solidification experiments with UO{sub 2-x} and Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} in reducing environment. •Eutectic composition around 92 mol% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-8 mol% UO{sub 2-x}. •UO{sub 2-x} - Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} liquidus line seems close to that of the pseudobinary phase diagram proposed by Popov et al. •Results will support the assessment of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a sacrificial material to mitigate criticality risk in SFR core catchers.

  20. Chronic administration of the selective P2X3, P2X2/3 receptor antagonist, A-317491, transiently attenuates cancer-induced bone pain in mice

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Rikke Rie; Nasser, Arafat; Falk, Sarah

    2012-01-01

    The purinergic P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors are in the peripheral nervous system almost exclusively confined to afferent sensory neurons, where they are found both at peripheral and central synapses. The P2X3 receptor is implicated in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, the role of the ......X3 receptor in chronic cancer-induced bone pain is less known. Here we investigated the effect of systemic acute and chronic administration of the selective P2X3, P2X2/3 receptor antagonist (5-[[[(3-Phenoxyphenyl)methyl][(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]amino]carbonyl]-1...

  1. Phase equilibria in the Mo-Fe-P system at 800 °C and structure of ternary phosphide (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))3P (0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.15).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oliynyk, Anton O; Lomnytska, Yaroslava F; Dzevenko, Mariya V; Stoyko, Stanislav S; Mar, Arthur

    2013-01-18

    Construction of the isothermal section in the metal-rich portion (ternary phases: (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(2)P (x = 0.30-0.82) and (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(3)P (x = 0.10-0.15). The occurrence of a Co(2)Si-type ternary phase (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(2)P, which straddles the equiatomic composition MoFeP, is common to other ternary transition-metal phosphide systems. However, the ternary phase (Mo(1-x)Fe(x))(3)P is unusual because it is distinct from the binary phase Mo(3)P, notwithstanding their similar compositions and structures. The relationship has been clarified through single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on Mo(3)P (α-V(3)S-type, space group I42m, a = 9.7925(11) Å, c = 4.8246(6) Å) and (Mo(0.85)Fe(0.15))(3)P (Ni(3)P-type, space group I4, a = 9.6982(8) Å, c = 4.7590(4) Å) at -100 °C. Representation in terms of nets containing fused triangles provides a pathway to transform these closely related structures through twisting. Band structure calculations support the adoption of these structure types and the site preference of Fe atoms. Electrical resistivity measurements on (Mo(0.85)Fe(0.15))(3)P reveal metallic behavior but no superconducting transition.

  2. THE CENTAURUS A ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC-RAY EXCESS AND THE LOCAL EXTRAGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yüksel, Hasan; Kronberg, Philipp P.; Stanev, Todor; Kistler, Matthew D.

    2012-01-01

    The ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) anisotropies discovered by the Pierre Auger Observatory provide the potential to finally address both the particle origins and properties of the nearby extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF). We examine the implications of the excess of ∼10 20 eV events around the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A. We find that, if Cen A is the source of these cosmic rays, the angular distribution of events constrains the EGMF strength within several Mpc of the Milky Way to ∼> 20 nG for an assumed primary proton composition. Our conclusions suggest that either the observed excess is a statistical anomaly or the local EGMF is stronger than conventionally thought. We discuss several implications, including UHECR scattering from more distant sources, time delays from transient sources, and the possibility of using magnetic lensing signatures to attain tighter constraints.

  3. THE CENTAURUS A ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC-RAY EXCESS AND THE LOCAL EXTRAGALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yueksel, Hasan; Kronberg, Philipp P. [Theoretical Division, MS B285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Stanev, Todor [Bartol Research Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 (United States); Kistler, Matthew D. [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)

    2012-10-10

    The ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) anisotropies discovered by the Pierre Auger Observatory provide the potential to finally address both the particle origins and properties of the nearby extragalactic magnetic field (EGMF). We examine the implications of the excess of {approx}10{sup 20} eV events around the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A. We find that, if Cen A is the source of these cosmic rays, the angular distribution of events constrains the EGMF strength within several Mpc of the Milky Way to {approx}> 20 nG for an assumed primary proton composition. Our conclusions suggest that either the observed excess is a statistical anomaly or the local EGMF is stronger than conventionally thought. We discuss several implications, including UHECR scattering from more distant sources, time delays from transient sources, and the possibility of using magnetic lensing signatures to attain tighter constraints.

  4. Elliptic Curve Integral Points on y2 = x3 + 3x ‑ 14

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Jianhong

    2018-03-01

    The positive integer points and integral points of elliptic curves are very important in the theory of number and arithmetic algebra, it has a wide range of applications in cryptography and other fields. There are some results of positive integer points of elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 + ax + b, a, b ∈ Z In 1987, D. Zagier submit the question of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x + 62, it count a great deal to the study of the arithmetic properties of elliptic curves. In 2009, Zhu H L and Chen J H solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x + 62 by using algebraic number theory and P-adic analysis method. In 2010, By using the elementary method, Wu H M obtain all the integral points of elliptic curves y 2 = x 3 ‑ 27x ‑ 62. In 2015, Li Y Z and Cui B J solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 ‑ 21x ‑ 90 By using the elementary method. In 2016, Guo J solved the problem of the integer points on y 2 = x 3 + 27x + 62 by using the elementary method. In 2017, Guo J proved that y 2 = x 3 ‑ 21x + 90 has no integer points by using the elementary method. Up to now, there is no relevant conclusions on the integral points of elliptic curves y 2 = x 3 + 3x ‑ 14, which is the subject of this paper. By using congruence and Legendre Symbol, it can be proved that elliptic curve y 2 = x 3 + 3x ‑ 14 has only one integer point: (x, y) = (2, 0).

  5. Automated IBM PC/XT/AT based measurement and control system for the DRON-3M X-ray diffractometer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tulaev, A.B.

    1989-01-01

    An automated IBM PC/XT/AT based measurement and control system for the DRON-3M X-ray diffractometer is decribed. The system permits carrying out of real time diffractometer control automatic X-spectra measurement and data acquisition, as well as experimental information computing and representation. The electronic of the system consists of a CAMAC crate with analog and power modules, and a control and measurement organization module, performed as a single bord in the standard of PC electronics. The system provides X-spectra acquisition with volume up to 4K in the angle range from 100 to 160 degrees with a resolution of 0.01 degree, a dead time less than 1mks and an exposition time from tenths of a second to dozens of minutes. 3 refs.; 5 figs

  6. Investigating the local structure of B-site cations in (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Blanchard, Peter E. R.; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2018-05-01

    The structural properties of (1-x)BaTiO3-xBiScO3 and (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Diffraction measurements confirmed that substituting small amounts of BiScO3 into BaTiO3 initially stabilizes a cubic phase at x = 0.2 before impurity phases begin to form at x = 0.5. BiScO3 substitution also resulted in noticeable changes in the local coordination environment of Ti4+. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that replacing Ti4+ with Sc3+ results in an increase in the off-centre displacement of Ti4+ cations. Surprisingly, BiScO3 substitution has no effect on the displacement of the Ti4+ cation in the (1-x)PbTiO3-xBiScO3 solid solution.

  7. Phase relations, crystal structure, and phase transformation of In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 (0 ≤ x < 0.45) in In_2O_3–Nb_2O_5–TiO_2 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Su, Liumei; Fan, Xing; Cai, Gemei; Liu, Huashan; Jin, Zhanpeng

    2015-01-01

    Phase relations, crystal structures, and phase transformation of In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 (0 ≤ x < 0.45) in In_2O_3–Nb_2O_5–TiO_2 ternary system were investigated for the first time. A number of samples with different compositions were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and phase assembles were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Five three-phase regions, ten two-phase regions, and six single-phase solid solutions were determined in this system. The solid solution of In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 (0 ≤ x < 0.45) is composed of both ordered monoclinic wolframite-type structure (0 ≤ x < 0.35) and disordered orthorhombic α-PbO_2 type structure (0.35 < x < 0.45). Driving force for composition-driven phase transformation in In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 (0 ≤ x < 0.45) stems from the ordering of cations. The ever reported compound InNbTiO_6 with an orthorhombic α-PbO_2 type structure was amended to be a monoclinic wolframite-type structure. Present investigations will be useful for the whole ceramic community working with In_2O_3–Nb_2O_5–TiO_2 ternary system as well as for the development of functional materials. - Highlights: • Phase relations of In_2O_3–Nb_2O_5–TiO_2 ternary system were constructed. • Crystal structures of a novel solid solution In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 were determined. • Crystal structure of InNbTiO_6 was amended to be a wolframite-type structure. • Composition-driven phase transformation of In_1_−_xNb_1_−_xTi_2_xO_4 was investigated.

  8. Einstein x ray observations of the core of the Shapley Supercluster in northern Centaurus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Breen, Jeffrey; Raychaudhury, Somak; Forman, William; Jones, Christine

    1994-01-01

    We present Einstein x ray observations of the core of the Shapley Supercluster, one of the richest and densest known mass concentrations in the local (z less than 0.1) universe. We used Imaging Proportional Counter (IPC) observations supplemented with data from the Einstein Slew Survey to determine the locations and structure of mass concentrations in the region. An x ray map composed of IPC observations of the central (10 deg x 10 deg) region of the Shapley Supercluster is presented. We present evidence that the X-ray clusters observed within 5 deg of the core of the supercluster are on average brighter than those of corresponding richness class distributed throughout the sky. However, we measure no significant difference in the galaxy formation efficiency of these cluster of galaxies compared to other, more isolated clusters. We also find one previously uncataloged cluster-sized mass concentration in the core of the Shapley Supercluster. This new cluster, 'SC 1327-312', is relatively x ray bright (F(sub x) = 1.1 + or - 0.2 x 10(exp -11) erg sec(exp -1) cm(exp -2)) and L(sub x) = 1.1 + or - 0.2 x 10(exp 44) erg sec(exp -1) within 10 minutes, assuming z = 0.0477, H(sub 0) = 50, q(sub 0) = 0). As SC 1327-312 lies well within an Abell radius of the richness R = 4 cluster Shapley 8 (A3558), we suggest it may contribute to an artificially high galaxy count and richness classification for shapley 8. From slew data, we estimate an x ray luminosity for Shapley 8 which is just half the mean luminosity of the four other R = 4 clusters observed by the IPC, further suggesting the richness classification to be an overestimate.

  9. PINS-3X Operations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    E.H. Seabury

    2013-09-01

    Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL’s) Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy System (PINS) non-intrusively identifies the chemical fill of munitions and sealed containers. The PINS-3X variant of the system is used to identify explosives and uses a deuterium-tritium (DT) electronic neutron generator (ENG) as the neutron source. Use of the system, including possession and use of the neutron generator and shipment of the system components requires compliance with a number of regulations. This report outlines some of these requirements as well as some of the requirements in using the system outside of INL.

  10. A MULTIPLICITY CENSUS OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS STARS IN SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Janson, Markus; Lafrenière, David; Jayawardhana, Ray; Bonavita, Mariangela; Girard, Julien H.; Brandeker, Alexis; Gizis, John E.

    2013-01-01

    Stellar multiplicity properties have been studied for the lowest and the highest stellar masses, but intermediate-mass stars from F-type to late A-type have received relatively little attention. Here, we report on a Gemini/NICI snapshot imaging survey of 138 such stars in the young Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) region, for the purpose of studying multiplicity with sensitivity down to planetary masses at wide separations. In addition to two brown dwarfs and a companion straddling the hydrogen-burning limit which we reported previously, here we present 26 new stellar companions and determine a multiplicity fraction within 0.''1-5.''0 of 21% ± 4%. Depending on the adopted semimajor axis distribution, our results imply a total multiplicity in the range of ∼60%-80%, which further supports the known trend of a smooth continuous increase in the multiplicity fraction as a function of primary stellar mass. A surprising feature in the sample is a distinct lack of nearly equal-mass binaries, for which we discuss possible reasons. The survey yielded no additional companions below or near the deuterium-burning limit, implying that their frequency at >200 AU separations is not quite as high as might be inferred from previous detections of such objects within the Sco-Cen region

  11. On qualitative analysis of delay systems and x = f(t,x,xσ ) x = f(t,x,xσ ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The theory of dynamical systems on time scales has been developing rapidly and has received a ... Open intervals and half-open intervals are defined accordingly. ... h. , h = 0, z, h = 0, where Log is the principal logarithm function. 3. Delay systems. In this section we consider following delay systems x. △ = f(t,xt), t ∈ [a, b]. ∗.

  12. Nd{sup 3+}-substituted (Zr{sub 1−x}Ce{sub x})O{sub 2} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) system: Synthesis, structural and thermophysical investigations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nandi, Chiranjit [Radiometallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, HBNI, Mumbai 400085 (India); Grover, V., E-mail: Vinita@barc.gov.in [Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, HBNI, Mumbai 400085 (India); Sahu, M. [Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Krishnan, K. [Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Guleria, A. [Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Kaity, Santu; Prakash, Amrit [Radiometallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, HBNI, Mumbai 400085 (India); Tyagi, A.K. [Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, HBNI, Mumbai 400085 (India)

    2016-10-15

    In order to mimic co-loading of Pu and Am in zirconia, Nd{sub 0.20}[Zr{sub 1−x}Ce{sub x}]{sub 0.80}O{sub 1.90} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) system was synthesized and thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The entire system was found to be single-phasic fluorite-type and most interesting result is stabilization of multi-phasic ceria-zirconia system in a single-phasic system by substituting Nd{sup 3+}. Raman spectroscopy revealed entirely different nature of defects prevalent in the solid solutions possessing F-type structure across the composition range. The heat capacity of representative compositions was measured by heat flux-type differential scanning calorimeter. Specific heat capacity of the solid solutions was found to increase with decreasing CeO{sub 2} content. Different thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy increment, entropy and Gibbs energy functions were determined using heat capacity values. The lattice thermal expansion (298–1273 K) behaviour of the few selected compositions revealed a gradual increase in thermal expansion coefficient with increasing CeO{sub 2} content. - Highlights: • Single-phasic fluorite-type solid solution obtained across the composition range. • Multi-phasic CeO{sub 2}-ZrO{sub 2} system converted into single-phasic by Nd{sup 3+} substitution. • Different local structures and defects in Ce-rich and Zr-rich regions. • Lattice thermal expansion coefficient increases with increasing CeO{sub 2} content. • Thermal expansion behaviour is a manifestation of decreasing melting point.

  13. Study of Synergetic Effect of X2 and X3 EC Wave in KSTAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bae Y.S.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available An experimental study of the X-mode absorption at the second and the third harmonic frequencies has been performed in KSTAR tokamak. The X2 EC frequency is 110 GHz and the X3 EC frequency is 170 GHz at the nominal KSTAR operating toroidal magnetic field. From the 1-D model of the synergetic effect, the X3 cold resonance should lie at low field side with the X2 cold resonance at the high field side to meet the condition which both X2 and X3 EC waves interact with the same resonant electron at the same radial position. However, 170 GHz X3 cold resonance lies at the high field side with distance of 54 mm from the X2 cold resonance position in KSTAR. This paper presents the study of the synergetic effect of X3 absorption by the X2 ECCD with a scheme of two beam target positions at the same flux surface by scanning the poloidal and toroidal beam injection angles to enhance X3 absorption even in the low temperature plasma in KSTAR. For this study, the3D relativistic ray/tracing and Fokker-Planck codes C3PO/LUKE is used for the quantitative prediction of its synergetic effect. The C3PO/LUKE codes are appropriate for X2 and X3 synergy calculations as the distribution function can be calculated with either one or both waves affecting the absorption rate of each other. This paper also introduces the future ECH system upgrade plan.

  14. Photoemission study of 5f localization in UPd/sub 3-x/(Pt,Rh)/sub x/

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Arko, A.J.; Koelling, D.D.; Dunlap, B.D.; Mitchell, A.W.

    1987-10-01

    Photoemission measurements in the two systems UPd/sub 3-x/(Pt,Rh)/sub x/ show that the 5f spectra are consistent with localized 5f electrons (peak in spectral weight is below E/sub F/ for all x within the double hexagonal DO 24 phase) while at both phase transitions the 5f peaks lock in at E/sub F/ consistent with intinerancy. A satellite 5f peak representative of d-screening is observed in both localized and itinerant systems. 17 refs., 3 figs

  15. Jet Power and Black Hole Assortment Revealed in New Chandra Image

    Science.gov (United States)

    2008-01-01

    A dramatic new Chandra image of the nearby galaxy Centaurus A provides one of the best views to date of the effects of an active supermassive black hole. Opposing jets of high-energy particles can be seen extending to the outer reaches of the galaxy, and numerous smaller black holes in binary star systems are also visible. The image was made from an ultra-deep look at the galaxy Centaurus A, equivalent to more than seven days of continuous observations. Centaurus A is the nearest galaxy to Earth that contains a supermassive black hole actively powering a jet. X-ray Image of Centaurus A, Labeled X-ray Image of Centaurus A, Labeled A prominent X-ray jet extending for 13,000 light years points to the upper left in the image, with a shorter "counterjet" aimed in the opposite direction. Astronomers think that such jets are important vehicles for transporting energy from the black hole to the much larger dimensions of a galaxy, and affecting the rate at which stars form there. High-energy electrons spiraling around magnetic field lines produce the X-ray emission from the jet and counterjet. This emission quickly saps the energy from the electrons, so they must be continually reaccelerated or the X-rays will fade out. Knot-like features in the jets detected in the Chandra image show where the acceleration of particles to high energies is currently occurring, and provides important clues to understanding the process that accelerates the electrons to near-light speeds. People Who Read This Also Read... NASA’s Swift Satellite Catches First Supernova in The Act of Exploding Black Holes Have Simple Feeding Habits Chandra Data Reveal Rapidly Whirling Black Holes Erratic Black Hole Regulates Itself The inner part of the X-ray jet close to the black hole is dominated by these knots of X-ray emission, which probably come from shock waves -- akin to sonic booms -- caused by the jet. Farther from the black hole there is more diffuse X-ray emission in the jet. The cause of particle

  16. Detecting edges in the X-ray surface brightness of galaxy clusters

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sanders, J. S.; Fabian, A. C.; Russell, H. R.; Walker, S. A.; Blundell, K. M.

    2016-08-01

    The effects of many physical processes in the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters imprint themselves in X-ray surface brightness images. It is therefore important to choose optimal methods for extracting information from and enhancing the interpretability of such images. We describe in detail a gradient filtering edge detection method that we previously applied to images of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies. The Gaussian gradient filter measures the gradient in the surface brightness distribution on particular spatial scales. We apply this filter on different scales to Chandra X-ray observatory images of two clusters with active galactic nucleus feedback, the Perseus cluster and M 87, and a merging system, A 3667. By combining filtered images on different scales using radial filters spectacular images of the edges in a cluster are produced. We describe how to assess the significance of features in filtered images. We find the gradient filtering technique to have significant advantages for detecting many kinds of features compared to other analysis techniques, such as unsharp masking. Filtering cluster images in this way in a hard energy band allows shocks to be detected.

  17. Thermal conductivity in Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} and SrTiO{sub 3} thin film systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wiedigen, Stefanie; Kramer, Thilo; Mangipudi, Kodanda R.; Hoffmann, Joerg; Volkert, Cynthia A.; Jooss, Christian [Institute for Materials Physics, University of Goettingen (Germany); Feuchter, Manuel; Kamlah, Marc [Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany)

    2012-07-01

    Epitaxial multilayers and superlattices are one recent approach for the design of efficient thermoelectrics. To study the effect of phonon blocking and scattering on thermal conductivity of oxide multilayers, a combination of two perovskites with promising thermoelectric properties is selected: the orthorhombic Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} and the cubic SrTiO{sub 3}. In order to investigate the effect of microstructure, interfaces and acoustic impedance mismatch on thermal conductivity {kappa} high preparation quality is needed. Our thin films were prepared by ion-beam and magnetron sputtering. Structural analysis is done by XRD and TEM and is presented in combination with thermal conductivity measurements using the 3{omega} method. Single layers of Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} show low {kappa} values and no significant increase of thermal conductivity with increasing doping. In homoepitaxial single layers of SrTiO{sub 3} preparation conditions have a high impact on {kappa}, most probably due to different concentrations of point defects. Pr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} multilayers show a {kappa} decreases systematically with increasing number of double layers. The results are discussed in the light of the theoretically calculated phonon dispersion and the experimentally observed microstructure.

  18. Magnetic properties of NdMn{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3+δ} (0≤x≤0.3) system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mihalik, Matúš, E-mail: matmihalik@saske.sk [Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Mihalik, Marián [Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Fitta, M.; Bałanda, M. [Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków (Poland); Vavra, M. [Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); P.J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice (Slovakia); Gabáni, S.; Zentková, M. [Institute of Experimental Physics SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice (Slovakia); Briančin, J. [Institute of Geotechnics SAS, Watsonova 45, 043 53 Košice (Slovakia)

    2013-11-15

    We have studied the effect of Fe for Mn substitution on magnetic properties of NdMn{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3+δ} compounds. Our heat capacity, AC susceptibility and magnetization measurements revealed that the transition from paramagnetic to magnetically ordered state of the Mn sublattice decreases linearly from T{sub N}=74.9 K to T{sub N}=49 K with doping up to x=0.25. The ordering temperature T{sub 1} of Nd sublattice varies in a non-monotonous way in the temperature range 11–16 K. For x=0.3, the ordering of the Mn/Fe sublattice is residual, while the magnetism in Nd sublattice seems to be intact. The broad maximum in heat capacity C(T) at about 10 K was ascribed by 2-level Schottky contribution (Δ=21(1) K) for x=0, but this description failed for Fe-doped samples. An upturn of C(T) at temperatures below 0.5 K was observed on NdMnO{sub 3} and can be accounted to nuclear contribution. A more detailed study of AC susceptibility performed on samples with x=0.1 and 0.2 revealed a shift of both peaks to higher temperature with increasing frequency. The compensation temperature and a large negative field-cooled magnetization was observed for concentrations x=0.2 and x=0.25. - Highlights: • Fe substitution into NdMnO{sub 3} compound decreases T{sub N} by 10 K for 10% of Fe. • In this compound: Nd and Mn ions both order magnetically. • “Butterfly-type” hysteresis loops in the ordered state.

  19. Co-existence of tetragonal and monoclinic phases and multiferroic properties for x ⩽ 0.30 in the (1 − x)Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3}–(x)BiFeO{sub 3} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sharma, Subhash; Singh, Vikash [Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh (India); Kotnala, R.K. [National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012 (India); Ranjan, Rajeev [Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India); Dwivedi, R.K., E-mail: rk.dwivedi@jiit.ac.in [Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh (India)

    2014-11-25

    Highlights: • Synthesis of (1 − x)PbZr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48}O{sub 3}–(x)BiFeO{sub 3} with x ⩽ 0.30 by sol–gel method. • Structural phase transformation with x has been revealed by Rietveld analysis. • Raman analysis supports structural phase transition. • Occurrence of MC is a strong evidence of magneto-electric coupling. • Enhance magnetization is obtained in the dominant monoclinic phase for x ⩾0.15. - Abstract: Compositions with x ⩽ 0.30 in the system (1 − x)Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3}–(x)BiFeO{sub 3} were synthesized by sol–gel method. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data reveals tetragonal structure (P4mm) for x ⩽ 0.05 and monoclinic (Cm) phase along with the existence of tetragonal phase for 0.10 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.25 and monoclinic phase for x = 0.30. Transformation of E(2TO) and E + B1 vibrational modes in the range 210–250 cm{sup −1} (present for x ⩽ 0.25) into A′ + A″ modes at ∼236 cm{sup −1} for x = 0.30, and occurrence of new vibrational modes A′ and A″ in Raman spectra for x ⩾ 0.10 unambiguously support the presence of monoclinic phase. Occurrence of remnant polarisation and enhanced magnetization with concentration of BiFeO{sub 3} indicates superior multiferroic properties. Variation of magneto-capacitance with applied magnetic field is a strong evidence of magneto-electric multiferroic coupling in these materials.

  20. Anomalous atomic displacement parameters and local dynamics in the Curie range of a Pb-free relaxor ferroelectric system (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3(0.36 ≤ x ≤ 0.50)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Anar; Moriyoshi, Chikako; Kuroiwa, Yoshihiro; Pandey, Dhananjai

    2018-04-01

    We report here the relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) behaviour in a multiferroic solid solution system, (Bi1-xBax)(Fe1-xTix)O3, at a critical disorder level of xC ˜ 0.35 in BiFeO3 and 0.65 (i.e., 1-xC = 0.35) in BaTiO3 similar to the 1:2 ratio of Mg2+ and Nb5+ in the canonical RFE Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. This Pb-free system, like canonical Pb-based RFEs, does not exhibit macroscopic symmetry breaking and shows only the signatures of ergodicity breaking at Vogel-Fulcher freezing temperature (TVF). The atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) of Fe3+/Ti4+ and O2-, obtained using high wave vector (Q) and high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction data as a function of temperature, show anomalous diffuse peaks in the Curie range. It is shown that the diffuse peak in ADPs is due to softening of the vibrational frequencies of the B-O chain (B = Fe3+/Ti4+ and O = O2-) below the Burns temperature (TB) followed by hardening below the characteristic temperature (T'm), which corresponds to a peak in the dielectric permittivity (ɛ').

  1. Studies on the Ln/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (Ln: rare-earth elements)-SrO-V/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system, 2. Some physical properties for Ln sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0. 1x) and SrO. Ln sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0. 1x) (Ln: Nd or Eu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shin-ike, T [Osaka Dental Coll., Hirakata (Japan); Adachi, G; Shiokawa, J

    1981-01-01

    Electrical and magnetic properties of the perovskite type solid solutions, Ln sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (Ln: Nd or Eu), and the K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/ type solid solutions, SrO.Ln sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) (Ln: Nd or Eu), were studied in the temperature range 77 - 300 K. The electrical conductivity increased with x for the perovskite type solid solutions and the reverse behavior was observed for the K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/ type compounds. All the solid solutions examined exhibited a metal-insulator transition at some values of x. Both Nd sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) and Eu sub(1-x)Sr sub(x)VO sub(3-0.1x) were antiferromagnets having a weak ferromagnetism at a low value of x at a low temperature. The K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/ type solid solutions revealed a weak ferromagnetism at a high value of x at a low temperature.

  2. Ionic conductivity of the lithium titanium phosphate (Li/sub 1+x/M/sub x/Ti/sub 2-x/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aono, H.; Sugimoto, E.; Sadaaka, Y.; Imanaka, N.; Adachi, G.Y.

    1989-01-01

    High lithium ionic conductivity was obtained in Li/sub 1+X/M/sub X/Ti/sub 2-X/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ (M=Al, Sc, Y, and La) systems. Lithium titanium phosphate, LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/, is composed of both TiO/sub 6/ octahedra and PO/sub 4/ tetrahedra, which are linked by corners to form a three dimensional network, with a space group R3-barC. Some workers have already described that the conductivity increased considerably if Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ was substituted by slightly larger cations such as Ga/sup 3+/(1),Sc/sup 3+/(2), and In/sup 3+/(3,4). These results are similar to each other because of their close ionic radii. In this communication, substitution effects of Ti/sup 4+/ in LiTi/sub 2/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/ by various ions (Al/sup 3+/, Sc/sup 3+/, Y/sup 3+/, and La/sup 3+/) on their conductivities are reported

  3. Electric conductivity of solid solutions of the Na3-2xMxPO4 (M=Cd, Pb) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shekhtman, G.Sh.; Burmakin, E.I.; Smirnov, N.B.; Esina, N.O.

    2002-01-01

    Electric conductivity, phase composition and conductivity character in the system Na 3-2x Cd x PO 4 in the temperature range of 300-750 deg C were studied by the methods of conductometry, X-ray phase and thermal analyses. It was ascertained that maximum values of electric conductivity (6.25x10 -3 S/cm at 300 deg C) are observed near upper concentration boundaries (x ≅ 0.4) of monophase regions in γ-solid solutions. Conductivity of the solid electrolytes studied is of cocationic character. The values of activation energies of Na + and Cd 2+ cation jumping over in solid electrolytes Na 2.7 Cd 0.15 PO 4 are 38.7 and 43.6 kJ/mol respectively according to the NMR data [ru

  4. Phase relations in the pseudobinary systems RAO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: rare earth element and Y, A: Fe, Ga, Al, Cr and Mn) and syntheses of new compounds R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (2/3≤x≤3/4) at elevated temperatures in air

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brown, Francisco; Jacobo-Herrera, Ivan; Alvarez-Montaño, Victor; Kimizuka, Noboru; Kurashina, Keiji; Michiue, Yuichi; Matsuo, Yoji; Mori, Shigeo; Ikeda, Naoshi; Medrano, Felipe

    2017-07-01

    Phase relations in the pseudo-binary systems RFeO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu, Ho and Dy), RGaO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu and Er), LuAlO3-Lu2Ti2O7 and RAO3-R2Ti2O7 (R: Lu and Yb. A: Cr and Mn) at elevated temperatures in air were determined by means of a classic quenching method. There exist Lu(Fe1-xTix)O3+x/2, R(Ga1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu and Er) and Lu(Al1-xTix)O3+x/2 (2/3≤ x≤3/4) having the Yb(Fe1-xTix)O3+x/2-type of crystal structure (x=0.72, space group: R3m, a(Å)=17.9773 and c(Å)=16.978 as a hexagonal setting) in these pseudo binary systems. Eighteen compounds R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu-Sm and Y, A: Fe, Ga and Al) were newly synthesized and their lattice constants as a hexagonal setting were measured by means of the X-ray powder diffraction method. The R occupies the octahedral site and both A and Ti does the trigonalbipyramidal one in these compounds. Relation between lattice constants for the rhombic R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 and the monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 are as follows, ah≈5 x bm, ch≈3 x cm x sin β and am=31/2 x bm, where ah and ch are the lattice constants as a hexagonal setting for R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 and am, bm, cm and β are those of the monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2. Crystal structural relationships among α-InGaO3 (hexagonal, high pressure form, space group: P63/mmc), InGaO3 (rhombic, hypothetical), (RAO3)n(BO)m and RAO3(ZnO)m (R: Lu-Ho, Y and In, A: Fe, Ga, and Al, B: divalent cation element, m, n: natural number), the orthorhombic-and monoclinic In(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (A: Fe, Ga, Al, Cr and Mn) and the hexagonal-and rhombic R(A1-xTix)O3+x/2 (R: Lu-Sm and Y, A: Fe, Ga and Al) are schematically presented. We concluded that the crystal structures of both the α-InGaO3 (high pressure form, hexagonal, space group: P63/mmc) and the hypothetical InGaO3 (rhombic) are the key structures for constructing the crystal structures of these compounds having the cations with CN=5.

  5. Effect of γ- Ray Irradiation on the Solid Ionic Conductor of (Cul)x(Na3PO4)1-X Materials (x= 0.1 and x= 0.3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Purwanto, P.

    2008-01-01

    Study on the effect of γ- ray irradiation on solid state conductor (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X have been done. The solid ionic conductor of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X (x= 0.1 and x= 0.3) had been made by mixing Cul with Na 3 PO 4 by formula of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X where x= 0.1 and x= 0.3 then pressed with 48.26 x 10 6 N/m 2 into pellete in diametre 1.5 x 10 - 2 m. The solid ionic conductor was then γ- ray irradiated with dose of 5 to 30 kGy. The result showed that the structure of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X was Cul and Na 3 PO 4 . Crystall lattice strain of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X were measured stable against the influence of radiation. The conductivity measurement of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X was carried out by LCR at the frequence of 0.1 Hz to 100 kHz. The result showed that the conductivities of (Cul) x (Na 3 PO 4 ) 1-X after irradiation were increasing with radiation dose. (author)

  6. Upper Limits on the Presence of Central Massive Black Holes in Two Ultra-compact Dwarf Galaxies in Centaurus A

    Science.gov (United States)

    Voggel, Karina T.; Seth, Anil C.; Neumayer, Nadine; Mieske, Steffen; Chilingarian, Igor; Ahn, Christopher; Baumgardt, Holger; Hilker, Michael; Nguyen, Dieu D.; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Walsh, Jonelle L.; den Brok, Mark; Strader, Jay

    2018-05-01

    The recent discovery of massive black holes (BHs) in the centers of high-mass ultra-compact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) suggests that at least some are the stripped nuclear star clusters of dwarf galaxies. We present the first study that investigates whether such massive BHs, and therefore stripped nuclei, also exist in low-mass (M < 107 M ⊙) UCDs. We constrain the BH masses of two UCDs located in Centaurus A (UCD 320 and UCD 330) using Jeans modeling of the resolved stellar kinematics from adaptive optics data obtained with the SINFONI integral field spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope (VLT/SINFONI). No massive BHs are found in either UCD. We find a 3σ upper limit on the central BH mass in UCD 330 of M • < 1.0 × 105 M ⊙, which corresponds to 1.7% of the total mass. This excludes a high-mass fraction BH and would only allow low-mass BHs similar to those claimed to be detected in Local Group globular clusters. For UCD 320, poorer data quality results in a less constraining 3σ upper limit of M • < 1 × 106 M ⊙, which is equal to 37.7% of the total mass. The dynamical mass-to-light ratios of UCD 320 and UCD 330 are not inflated compared to predictions from stellar population models. The non-detection of BHs in these low-mass UCDs is consistent with the idea that elevated dynamical mass-to-light ratios do indicate the presence of a substantial BH. Although no massive BHs are detected, these systems could still be stripped nuclei. The strong rotation (v/σ of 0.3–0.4) in both UCDs and the two-component light profile in UCD 330 support the idea that these UCDs may be stripped nuclei of low-mass galaxies whose BH occupation fraction is not yet known.

  7. Hydrogen sorption properties of the Lasub(1-x)Casub(x)Ni5 and La(Nisub(1-x)Cusub(x))5 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shinar, J.; Shaltiel, D.; Davidov, D.; Grayevsky, A.

    1978-01-01

    The hydrogen sorption properties of the Lasub(1-x)Casub(x)Ni 5 and La(Nisub(1-x)Cusub(x)) 5 systems were investigated at various temperatures and at pressures up to 20 atm. It was found that initial substitution of La by Ca in LaNi 5 caused an increase in the hydrogen dissociation pressure, up to Casub(0.3)Lasub(0.7)Ni 5 . In the Casub(0.3)Lasub(0.7)Ni 5 -CaNi 5 range, the dissociation pressure decreased. The absorption capacity of CaNi 5 was dependent on the purity of the sample and increased significantly at low temperatures. The stability of La(Nisub(1-x)Cusub(x)) 5 hydrides increased linearly from LaNi 5 to LaCu 5 . These features are discussed in the light of existing models of ternary and pseudoternary hydride stability. Finally, the role of the measured change in entropy ΔS in determining the occupied interstitial sites in the hydride is outlined and discussed in relation to these systems. (Auth.)

  8. Thermal analysis of chalcogenide glasses of the system (As/sub/2Se/sub/3)/sub/(1-x):(Tl/sub/2Se)/sub/x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Majid, C.A.

    1987-01-01

    In this paper differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements of chalcogenide glasses of the system (As/sub/2Se/sub/3)/sub/(1-x): (Tl/sub/2Se)/sub/x, with x=0, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 are reported. The glass-forming tendencies of these materials have been calculated. The glass-forming tendency of As/sub/2Se/sub/3 has been found to be the highest among the member glasses of this family of chalcogenides. It was found that the glass-forming tendency of As/sub/2Se/sub/3 decreasing gradually at the Tl/sub/2/Se concentration increases. Tl/sub/2Se additions lower the glass transition temperature T/sub/q and the area under the endothermic peak for glass transition temperature, suggesting a tendency for relatively weaker bonding and hence less stability of Tl-rich glass compositions. These studies show that Tl/sub/2Se concentrations result in glasses with progressively higher crystallization tendencies. (author)

  9. The physical characteristics of the gas in the disk of Centaurus a using the Herschel space observatory

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parkin, T. J.; Wilson, C. D.; Schirm, M. R. P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1 (Canada); Baes, M.; De Looze, I. [Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent (Belgium); Boquien, M.; Boselli, A. [Laboratoire d' Astrophysique de Marseille, Université d' Aix-Marseille and CNRS, UMR7326, F-13388 Marseille Cedex 13 (France); Cormier, D. [Institut für theoretische Astrophysik, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Ueberle Str. 2, D-69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Galametz, M. [Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA (United Kingdom); Karczewski, O. Ł. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH (United Kingdom); Lebouteiller, V.; Madden, S. C. [CEA, Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris VII, IRFU/Service d' Astrophysique, Bat. 709, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Roussel, H. [Institut d' Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris (France); Smith, M. W. L. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA (United Kingdom); Spinoglio, L., E-mail: parkintj@mcmaster.ca [Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF-IAPS, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma (Italy)

    2014-05-20

    We search for variations in the disk of Centaurus A of the emission from atomic fine structure lines using Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy. In particular, we observe the [C II](158 μm), [N II](122 and 205 μm), [O I](63 and 145 μm), and [O III](88 μm) lines, which all play an important role in cooling the gas in photo-ionized and photodissociation regions (PDRs). We determine that the ([C II]+[O I]{sub 63})/F {sub TIR} line ratio, a proxy for the heating efficiency of the gas, shows no significant radial trend across the observed region, in contrast to observations of other nearby galaxies. We determine that 10%-20% of the observed [C II] emission originates in ionized gas. Comparison between our observations and a PDR model shows that the strength of the far-ultraviolet radiation field, G {sub 0}, varies between 10{sup 1.75} and 10{sup 2.75} and the hydrogen nucleus density varies between 10{sup 2.75} and 10{sup 3.75} cm{sup –3}, with no significant radial trend in either property. In the context of the emission line properties of the grand-design spiral galaxy M51 and the elliptical galaxy NGC 4125, the gas in Cen A appears more characteristic of that in typical disk galaxies rather than elliptical galaxies.

  10. [Decolorization of the azo dye reactive red X-3B by an Al-Cu bimetallic system].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fan, Jin-hong; Ma, Lu-ming; Wang, Hong-wu; Wu, De-li

    2008-06-01

    The decoloration mechanism and kinetics of the azo dye reactive red X-3B by an Al-Cu bimetallic system were investigated by measuring the dye removal, the TOC removal and the aniline concentration, and by adding EDTA as control experiments. The results showed the colority removal rate of X-3B reached 83% in the near neutral pH medium for 30 min and 96.4% for 120 min, in which, about 34% was due to the X-3B reduced to aniline, and about 20% and 30% was due to the flocculating of aluminum ions and surface adsorption of aluminum-fillings respectively. The decolorization of dyeing wastewater is a gradual reaction process, which first adsorbs a large number of dyeing ingredients and then carries out inner electrolysis reduction, improved effectively by the flocculating action of aluminum ions. The decolorization reaction appears to be a pseudo first-order reaction and increases with rising temperature.

  11. CAMAC acquisition system for industrial X-ray tomograph

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guerin, J.P.; Huet, Jacques; Pauton, Michel.

    1982-11-01

    A 400 kV X-ray industrial scanner has been developed. The present paper describes the CAMAC acquisition system. This unit with its 3 microprocessors, 2 mass memories and TV graphic display is very flexible; it will be used to optimise measurement parameters along with pieces to be checked and to establish application limits of this non destructive inspection method. This system allows internal inspection of objects as big as 400 mm in diameter with an elementary volume of 1 x 1 x 5 mm 3 and specific weight in the range of 0.7 to 10 g/cm 3 . Relative precision of 10 - 3 in density for moulded objects is expected. The first results obtained are shown [fr

  12. Improved multiferroic properties in (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} system (0≤x≤0.3)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Amouri, A., E-mail: amouri.amira00@gmail.com [Laboratoire des Matériaux Ferroélectriques (LMF), LR-Physique-Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax(FSS), Route de Soukra km3,5 B.P.1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia); Le laboratoire des Colloïdes, Verre, et Nanomatériaux, UMRCNRS 5587,Unité mixte de recherche 5587-CNRS-UM2-Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier (France); Abdelmoula, N.; Khemakhem, H. [Laboratoire des Matériaux Ferroélectriques (LMF), LR-Physique-Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax(FSS), Route de Soukra km3,5 B.P.1171, 3000 Sfax (Tunisia)

    2016-11-01

    Polycrystalline samples of (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The phase purity and composition were cheeked using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The grain size and morphology of the ceramics were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction showed that these compounds crystallized, at room temperature, in the Rhomboedral R3c for x=0 and in tetragonal P4mm for compositions 0.1≤x≤0.3 distorted perovskite structures. The BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} substitution led to an improvement of magnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. The highest magnetization was reported for composition x=0.2 which was due to the enhancement of canting angles and the suppression of cycloid spin structure, as confirmed by {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and the presence of Fe{sup 2+}, as detected by XPS. The electric polarization increased significantly for doped samples, which proves the enhancement of the ferroelectric behavior and resistivity of our ceramics. Large electric field induced strains were observed for 0.7BiFeO{sub 3}-0.3BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3}, as an evidence of piezoelectric behavior. These results show that BaTi{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}O{sub 3} doped BiFeO{sub 3} is a promising multiferroic material. - Highlights: • (1−x)BiFeO{sub 3}–xBa[Ti{sub 0.95}(Yb{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}){sub 0.05}]O{sub 3} is a new multiferroic system. • Doped BiFeO{sub 3} ceramics crystallize in tetragonal distorted perovskite. • Magnetic properties at room temperature were improved.

  13. Ammonia Uptake and Release in the MnX2–NH3 (X = Cl, Br Systems and Structure of the Mn(NH3nX2 (n = 6, 2 Ammines

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Duncan H. Gregory

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Hexa-ammine complexes, Mn(NH36X2 (X = Cl, Br, have been synthesized by ammoniation of the corresponding transition metal halide and characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD and Raman spectroscopy. The hexa-ammine complexes are isostructural (Cubic, Fm-3m, Z = 4; a = 10.2742(6 Å and 10.527(1 Å for X = Cl, Br respectively. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD demonstrated that ammonia release from Mn(NH36X2 complexes occurred in three stages corresponding to the release of 4, 1 and 1 NH3 equivalents respectively. The chloride and bromide both exhibit a deammoniation onset temperature below 323 K. The di-ammoniates from the first desorption step were isolated during TPD measurements and their crystal structures determined by Rietveld refinement against PXRD data (X = Cl: orthorhombic Cmmm, a = 8.1991(9 Å, b = 8.2498(7 Å, c = 3.8212(4 Å, Z = 2; X = Br: orthorhombic Pbam, a = 6.0109(5 Å, b = 12.022(1 Å, c = 4.0230(2 Å, Z = 2.

  14. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boron Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-(B2O3:WO3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R; Polu, A R

    2012-01-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', 'Fast ionic conductors' is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 and TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)], where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27 C to 200 C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O(B2O3:WO3)] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ∼ 2.76x10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied and reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  15. Phase equilibria in M-X-X' and M-Al-X ternary systems (M-transition metal, X,X'-B,C,N,Si) and crystal chemistry of ternary compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gusev, A.I.

    1996-01-01

    The data on phase equilibria in the M-X-X' and M-Al-X ternary systems (M-transition metal of 3 to 8 groups, X-B,C, N, Si) have been considered and summarized. modern oxygen-free advanced ceramics is based on these ternary systems. Phase diagrams of the 130 ternary systems have been discussed, more than two hundred ternary phases forming in these systems have been systematized and described. The typical crystal structures of ternary compounds and phase have been considered, the common and distinctive features of these structures have been analysed. It has been shown that the ternary compounds with octahedral atomic groups XM 6 have a regions of homogeneity. Refs. 240

  16. Low-energy optics of Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}RuO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Geiger, Diana; Scheffler, Marc; Dressel, Martin [1. Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Schneider, Melanie; Gegenwart, Philipp [I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universitaet, Goettingen (Germany)

    2012-07-01

    The pseudo-cubic perovskite ruthenates SrRuO{sub 3} and CaRuO{sub 3} have recently attracted interest due to their unconventional electronic properties. For both materials, non-Fermi liquid behavior has been reported in previous optical studies at infrared frequencies. In addition to these two pure compounds, the doping series Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}RuO{sub 3} offers a rich phase diagram: going from the itinerant ferromagnet SrRuO{sub 3} to the paramagnet CaRuO{sub 3}, indications for a quantum phase transition at x{approx}0.8 have been found. Using THz spectroscopy at frequencies between 5 cm{sup -1} and 45 cm{sup -1}, we have studied thin-film samples of the Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}RuO{sub 3} system, which were prepared by metalorganic aerosol deposition. From transmission and phase measurements we have determined the frequency-dependent conductivity for a set of temperatures between 5 K and 300 K, and we discuss it in the framework of the extended Drude model with frequency-dependent relaxation rate and effective mass. While for pure SrRuO{sub 3} as well as for doped systems approaching the quantum phase transition we find conventional metallic Drude behavior, CaRuO{sub 3} exhibits highly unusual optical properties which we compare to results of dc measurements on these thin films, which also revealed temperature ranges with non-Fermi liquid behavior.

  17. Magnetic properties of the Kagome staircase mixed system (Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x}){sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Qureshi, Navid

    2008-09-26

    The orthooxovanadates of the 3d transition metals M{sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}, known as Kagome staircase systems, reveal interesting magnetic properties due to their crystal structure. Although these compounds are isostructural for M=Co,Ni,Mn,Cu, they differ considerably with respect to their magnetic phase transitions and magnetic structures. As the magnetic ions are situated on corners of cornersharing triangles, geometric frustration plays an important role in this system. This is not only confined to the fact, that the antiferromagnetic structures exhibit reduced magnetic moments, but apparently also to the ferromagnetic structure of Co{sub 3}V{sub 2}O{sub 8}, which exhibits a strongly reduced Co moment of 1.54 Bohr magnetons. Within this work precisely this ferromagnetic structure has been investigated in detail and it could be shown that the relatively weak magnetic moment does not result from frustration, but is a consequence of the strong hybridization effects between the cobalt and oxygen orbitals. The pronounced covalent character of this Co ion leads to the fact that due to the charge transfer the oxygen ions significantly contribute to the bulk magnetization when applying an external magnetic field. The second part of the presented work deals with the systematic investigation of the mixed system (Co{sub x}Ni{sub 1-x})3V{sub 2}O{sub 8}. A detailed magnetic phase diagram could be drawn, in which the temperature and composition dependent magnetic phase transitions have been pinpointed. Furthermore, an interesting magnetic structure of a chosen composition of x=0.5 has been observed, which differs considerably from those of the end members. (orig.)

  18. An ab initio study on BeX 3- superhalogen anions (X = F, Cl, Br)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anusiewicz, Iwona; Skurski, Piotr

    2002-06-01

    The vertical electron detachment energies (VDE) of 10 BeX 3- (X = F, Cl, Br) anions were calculated at the outer valence Green function (OVGF) level with the 6-311++G(3df) basis sets. The largest vertical electron binding energy was found for BeF 3- system (7.63 eV). All negatively charged species possess the vertical electron detachment energies that are larger than 5.5 eV and thus may be termed superhalogen anions. The strong dependence of the VDE of the BeX 3- species on the ligand-central atom (Be-X) distance and on the partial atomic charge localized on Be was observed and discussed, as well as the other factors that may influence the electronic stability of such anions. In addition, the usefulness of the various theoretical treatments for estimating the VDEs of superhalogen anions was tested and analyzed.

  19. Optical properties of X-ray stars. 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hudec, R.

    1984-01-01

    822 observations of X-ray system HZ Her/Her X-1 on Sonneberg sky-patrol-camera plates are interpreted with the following main results: (i) altogether 3 (and possibly 4) active and 3 (possibly 4) inactive states were revealed during the time span 1928 to 1979, (ii) the comparison of individual active-state light curves shows no clear differences, (iii) a very quick transition between active and inactive state JD 243 1313.382-JD 243 1321.403 was observed. Some other studies of the optical data were carried out and are briefly described. (author)

  20. A DYNAMICAL STUDY OF SUSPECTED RUNAWAY STARS AS TRACES OF PAST SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS IN THE REGION OF THE SCORPIUS-CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jilinski, E.; Ortega, V. G.; Drake, N. A.; De la Reza, R.

    2010-01-01

    We address the question of identifying possible past supernovae events taking place in the region of the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) OB association based on stars proposed by Hoogerwerf et al. With this purpose, we obtained a time series of high-resolution spectra of six stars (HIP 42038, HIP 46950, HIP 48943, HIP 69491, HIP 76013, and HIP 82868) which, according to Hoogerwerf et al., may have been runaway stars with origins in the region of the Sco-Cen association. This also includes the nearby young open clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602. If confirmed, such supernovae events could, in principle, have played a role in triggering the formation of some small stellar groups thought to be associated with the Sco-Cen association. Our analysis shows that, except for HIP 48943, the remaining stars are spectroscopic binary systems. For HIP 46950 and HIP 69491, this was already noted by other authors. Our high-resolution spectra allowed us to obtain the radial velocities for all the stars which, combined with their proper motions and parallaxes from Hipparcos, provide a means to investigate, by retracing their orbits, if the Sco-Cen region was, in fact, the origin of these stars. We find that none of these systems originated in the Sco-Cen region. Exploring the possibility that the birthplace of the studied stars occurred in the clusters IC 2391 and IC 2602, we noticed that at the epoch of 2-3 Myr ago these clusters were at a distance comparable with their tidal radii.

  1. Car-borne survey measurements with a 3x3` NaI detector

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Larsen, E.; Ugletveit, F.; Floe, L.; Mikkelborg, O. [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oesteraas (Norway)

    1997-12-31

    The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) took part in the international survey measurement exercise RESUME95 that was arranged in Finland in August 1995. NRPA performed measurements with a simple car-borne measuring system based on standard equipment, a 3x3` NaI detector, an MCA and a GPS connected to a portable PC. The results show substantial variations in dose rate inside areas of a few square kilometres. Spectrum analysis shows that a major part of these differences are caused by variations in deposition of {sup 137}Cs. Our results show that even standard 3x3` NaI detectors can be used for car based survey measurements in fall out situations and search for sources. The detection limits are higher than for larger detectors, but the main limiting factor seem to be the timing capabilities of the acquisition system. (au).

  2. Car-borne survey measurements with a 3x3' NaI detector

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Larsen, E.; Ugletveit, F.; Floe, L.; Mikkelborg, O.

    1997-01-01

    The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) took part in the international survey measurement exercise RESUME95 that was arranged in Finland in August 1995. NRPA performed measurements with a simple car-borne measuring system based on standard equipment, a 3x3' NaI detector, an MCA and a GPS connected to a portable PC. The results show substantial variations in dose rate inside areas of a few square kilometres. Spectrum analysis shows that a major part of these differences are caused by variations in deposition of 137 Cs. Our results show that even standard 3x3' NaI detectors can be used for car based survey measurements in fall out situations and search for sources. The detection limits are higher than for larger detectors, but the main limiting factor seem to be the timing capabilities of the acquisition system. (au)

  3. Car-borne survey measurements with a 3x3` NaI detector

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Larsen, E; Ugletveit, F; Floe, L; Mikkelborg, O [Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oesteraas (Norway)

    1998-12-31

    The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) took part in the international survey measurement exercise RESUME95 that was arranged in Finland in August 1995. NRPA performed measurements with a simple car-borne measuring system based on standard equipment, a 3x3` NaI detector, an MCA and a GPS connected to a portable PC. The results show substantial variations in dose rate inside areas of a few square kilometres. Spectrum analysis shows that a major part of these differences are caused by variations in deposition of {sup 137}Cs. Our results show that even standard 3x3` NaI detectors can be used for car based survey measurements in fall out situations and search for sources. The detection limits are higher than for larger detectors, but the main limiting factor seem to be the timing capabilities of the acquisition system. (au).

  4. Magnetic properties of the Kagome staircase mixed system (CoxNi1-x)3V2O8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Qureshi, Navid

    2008-01-01

    The orthooxovanadates of the 3d transition metals M 3 V 2 O 8 , known as Kagome staircase systems, reveal interesting magnetic properties due to their crystal structure. Although these compounds are isostructural for M=Co,Ni,Mn,Cu, they differ considerably with respect to their magnetic phase transitions and magnetic structures. As the magnetic ions are situated on corners of cornersharing triangles, geometric frustration plays an important role in this system. This is not only confined to the fact, that the antiferromagnetic structures exhibit reduced magnetic moments, but apparently also to the ferromagnetic structure of Co 3 V 2 O 8 , which exhibits a strongly reduced Co moment of 1.54 Bohr magnetons. Within this work precisely this ferromagnetic structure has been investigated in detail and it could be shown that the relatively weak magnetic moment does not result from frustration, but is a consequence of the strong hybridization effects between the cobalt and oxygen orbitals. The pronounced covalent character of this Co ion leads to the fact that due to the charge transfer the oxygen ions significantly contribute to the bulk magnetization when applying an external magnetic field. The second part of the presented work deals with the systematic investigation of the mixed system (Co x Ni 1-x )3V 2 O 8 . A detailed magnetic phase diagram could be drawn, in which the temperature and composition dependent magnetic phase transitions have been pinpointed. Furthermore, an interesting magnetic structure of a chosen composition of x=0.5 has been observed, which differs considerably from those of the end members. (orig.)

  5. Portable, x-band, linear accelerator systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schonberg, R.G.; Deruyter, H.; Fowkes, W.R.; Johnson, W.A.; Miller, R.H.; Potter, J.M.; Weaver, J.N.

    1985-01-01

    Three light-weight, x-band, electron accelerators have been developed to provide a series of highly portable sources of x-rays and neutrons for nondestructive testing. The 1.5 MeV x-ray unit has a 200 kW magnetron for an RF source and an air-cooled, traveling wave accelerating structure to minimize its weight. The 4 and 6 MeV units share the same drive system which contains a 1.2 MW magnetron. The 4 MeV unit uses a traveling-wave guide to produce x-rays and the 6MeV unit uses a standing-wave guide to produce x-rays or neutrons. The choice of 9.3 GHz was dictated by the availability of a high power coaxial magnetron and by the obvious dimensional and weight advantages of a higher frequency over the more common S-band frequencies around 3 GHz

  6. Portable, x-band, linear accelerator systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schonberg, R.G.; Deruyter, H.; Fowkes, W.R.; Johnson, W.A.; Miller, R.H.; Potter, J.M.; Weaver, J.N.

    1985-01-01

    Three light-weight, x-band, electron accelerators have been developed to provide a series of highly portable sources of x-rays and neutrons for non-destructive testing. The 1.5 MeV x-ray unit has a 200 kW magnetron for an RF source and an air-cooled, traveling wave accelerating structure to minimize its weight. The 4 and 6 MeV units share the same drive system which contains a 1.2 MW magnetron. The 4 MeV unit uses a traveling-wave guide to produce x-rays and the 6MeV unit uses a standing-wave guide to produce x-rays or neutrons. The choice of 9.3 GHz was dictated by the availability of a high power coaxial magnetron and by the obvious dimensional and weight advantages of a higher frequency over the more common S-band frequencies around 3 GHz

  7. NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Observations of the Hard X-Ray Spectrum of Centaurus A

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fürst, F.; Müller, C.; Madsen, K. K.

    2016-01-01

    with an absorbed power-law witha photon index Γ = 1.815 ± 0.005 and a fluorescent Fe Kα line in good agreement with literature values.The spectrum does not require a high-energy exponential rollover, with a constraint of Efold > 1 MeV. Athermal Comptonization continuum describes the data well, with parameters....... We use archival Chandra data to estimatethe contribution from diffuse emission, extra-nuclear point-sources, and the X-ray jet to the observed NuSTAR and XMM-Newton X-ray spectra and find the contribution to be negligible. We discuss different scenarios forthe physical origin of the observed X...

  8. Hyperfine characterization of the Ba Ti{sub 1-x} Hf{sub x} O{sub 3} for x = 0.20; Caracterizacion hiperfina de Ba Ti{sub 1-x} Hf{sub x} O{sub 3} para x 0.20

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ayala, Alexandro; Lopez-Garcia, Alberto [La Plata Univ. Nacional (Argentina). Dept. de Fisica

    1997-12-31

    It is known that the cation substitution in perovskites produce changes in the macroscopic properties of these materials. A case to study is for example the influence of cation B partially substituted by cation B{sup `} when ABO{sub 3} is ferroelectric, and A B{sup `}O{sub 3} is paraelectric. In this work the system Ba Ti{sub 1-x} Hf{sub x} O{sub 3} with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 is studied by Perturbed Angular Correlations (Pac) in order to obtain microscopic information through the electric field gradient tensor (EFG) produced by electrons close to probes. Two hyperfine quadrupole interactions were detected. One interaction associated to probes with defects originated during the nuclear processes after neutron irradiation, and the other are located in B sites. At R T, the hyperfine parameters are analyzed in terms of Hf concentration. (author). 5 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

  9. Long-term studies with the Ariel-5 asm. 1: Her X-1, Vela X-1 and Cen X-3. [periodic variations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Holt, S. S.; Kaluzienski, L. J.; Boldt, E. A.; Serlemitsos, P. J.

    1978-01-01

    Twelve hundred days of 3-6 keV X-ray data from Her X-1, Vela X-1 and Cen X-3 accumulated with the Ariel-5 all-sky monitor are interrogated. The binary periodicities of all three can be clearly observed, as can the approximately 35-d variation of Her X-1, for which we can refine the period to 34.875 plus or minus .030-d. No such longer-term periodicity less than 200-d is observed from Vela X-1. The 26.6-d low-state recurrence period for Cen X-3 previously suggested is not observed, but a 43.0-d candidate periodicity is found which may be consistent with the precession of an accretion disk in that system. The present results are illustrative of the long-term studies which can be performed on approximately 50 sources over a temporal base which will ultimately extend to at least 1800 days.

  10. Polarized emission from CsPbX3 perovskite quantum dots

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Dan; Wu, Dan; Dong, Di; Chen, Wei; Hao, Junjie; Qin, Jing; Xu, Bing; Wang, Kai; Sun, Xiaowei

    2016-06-01

    Compared to organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites, full inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) exhibit higher stability. In this study, full inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I and mixed halide systems Br/I) perovskite QDs have been synthesized and interestingly, these QDs showed highly polarized photoluminescence which is systematically studied for the first time. Furthermore, the polarization of CsPbI3 was as high as 0.36 in hexane and 0.40 as a film. The CsPbX3 perovskite QDs with high polarization properties indicate that they possess great potential for application in new generation displays with wide colour gamut and low power consumption.Compared to organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites, full inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs) exhibit higher stability. In this study, full inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Br, I and mixed halide systems Br/I) perovskite QDs have been synthesized and interestingly, these QDs showed highly polarized photoluminescence which is systematically studied for the first time. Furthermore, the polarization of CsPbI3 was as high as 0.36 in hexane and 0.40 as a film. The CsPbX3 perovskite QDs with high polarization properties indicate that they possess great potential for application in new generation displays with wide colour gamut and low power consumption. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01915c

  11. [Working time and sleep in nursing staff employed in "3 x 8" and "2 x 12" fast rotating shift schedules].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castellini, G; Anelli, M M; Punzi, S; Boari, P; Camerino, D; Costa, G

    2011-01-01

    The study is aimed at assessing, in 200 nurses shift workers, the impact on sleep of two different working areas ("emergency" and "hospitalization") having the same "3 x 8" shift system, and of two different shift schedules at quick rotation ("2 x 12" and "3 x 8") in the same working area ("emergency"). Night and morning shifts prove to interfere to a greater extent with sleep in relation to both "2 x 12" and "3 x 8" shift systems as well as to the two operative areas. Hence the importance to consider in shift work planning, the direction of shift rotation and the length of the duty period according to the type of activity.

  12. Czochralski growth and optical properties of Li 6Gd 1-xEu x(BO 3) 3 ( x=0-1) single crystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yavetskiy, R. P.; Dolzhenkova, E. F.; Dubovik, M. F.; Korshikova, T. I.; Tolmachev, A. V.

    2005-04-01

    It was shown that a continuous series of Li 6Gd 1-xEu x(BO 3) 3 solid solutions exist within the whole concentration range ( x=0-1). Li 6Gd 1-xEu x(BO 3) 3 ( x=0-0.03; 1) single crystals up to 25 mm in length and up to 20 mm in diameter have been grown by the Czochralski method. The structural perfection of the crystals has been estimated from etch patterns and XPA analysis results. The optical absorption and thermally stimulated luminescence of the grown crystals has been studied.

  13. Evolution of the mössbauer spectra of ludwigite Co3 - x Fe x O2BO3 with substitution of iron for cobalt

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knyazev, Yu. V.; Ivanova, N. B.; Bayukov, O. A.; Kazak, N. V.; Bezmaternykh, L. N.; Vasiliev, A. D.

    2013-06-01

    A concentration series of single crystals of iron-cobalt ludwigites Co3 - x Fe x O2BO3 ( x = 0.0125, 0.025, 0.050, 0.10, 1.0) has been synthesized. The structure has been studied using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer effect. A preferred occupation of nonequivalent crystallographic positions by iron in the ludwigite structure has been revealed. It has been found that the valence of substituting iron ions is three. It has been revealed that the structure of the γ-resonance spectrum of Co2FeO2BO3 is complicated due to a composition disorder in the system.

  14. EPR spectroscopic investigations in 15BaO-25Li2O-(60-x) B2O3-xFe2O3 glass system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bhogi, Ashok; Kumar, R. Vijaya; Kistaiah, P.

    2018-05-01

    Glasses with composition 15BaO-25Li2O-(60-x) B2O3 -xFe2O3 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mol %) were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. These glasses were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations have been carried out as a function of iron ion concentration. The observed EPR spectra of Fe3+ ion exhibits resonance signals at g= 2.0, 4.3 and 8.0. The resonance signal at g= 4.3 is due to isolated Fe3+ ions in site with rhombic symmetry where as the g= 2.0 resonance signal is attributed to the Fe3+ ions coupled by exchange interaction in a distorted octahedral environment and the signal at g= 8.0 arises from axially distorted sites. The number of spins participating in resonance (N) and its paramagnetic susceptibilities (χ) have also been evaluated. The peak-to-peak line width ΔB for the resonance lines at g ≈ 4.3 and at g ≈ 2.0 is increasing as function of the iron ion content. The line intensity of the resonance centered at g ≈ 4.3 and at g ≈ 2.0 increases up to 0.8 mol% of Fe2O3 and for 1 mol% of Fe2O3 its value is found to decrease. The analysis of these results indicated that the conversion some of Fe3+ cations to Fe2+ ions beyond 0.8 mol%.

  15. Phase development and dielectric properties of (1-x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-xBaTiO3 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chaisan, Wanwilai; Yimnirun, Rattikorn; Ananta, Supon; Cann, David P.

    2006-01-01

    (1-x)Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 -xBaTiO 3 ceramics were prepared by a modified mixed-oxide method. The phase formation was studied by XRD analysis. All compositions exhibit complete solid solutions of perovskite-like phase in the (1-x)PZT-xBT system. The (2 0 0)/(0 0 2) peak was found to split at the composition x = 0.6 and the co-existence of tetragonal-rhombohedral phases occurs with x ≤ 0.6. The possible range of compositions which correspond to a phase transition is 0.6 < x < 0.7. While pure BT ceramics exhibited a sharp phase transformation expected for normal ferroelectrics, phase transformation behavior of the (1-x)PZT-xBT solid solutions became more diffuse with increasing BT contents. This was primarily evidenced by an increased broadness in the dielectric peak, with a maximum peak width occurring at x = 0.5

  16. Optical characterization in Pb(Zr{sub 1-x} Ti{sub x}){sub 1-y} Nb{sub y} O{sub 3} ferroelectric ceramic system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Durruthy-Rodriguez, M.D. [Instituto de Cibernetica, Matematica y Fisica, CITMA, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, La Habana (Cuba); CINVESTAV-Unidad Queretaro, IPN, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro (Mexico); Costa-Marrero, J.; Hernandez-Garcia, M. [Instituto de Cibernetica, Matematica y Fisica, CITMA, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, La Habana (Cuba); Calderon-Pinar, F. [Universidad de La Habana, Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales, La Habana (Cuba); Malfatti, Celia [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Metalurgia, Escola de Engenharia, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil); Yanez-Limon, J.M. [CINVESTAV-Unidad Queretaro, IPN, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro (Mexico)

    2011-05-15

    In this work, visible photoluminescence was observed at room temperature in a sintered Pb(Zr{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}){sub 1-y}Nb{sub y}O{sub 3} perovskite-type structure system, doped with Nb using the next excitation bands 325, 373 and 457 nm. The intensity and energy of such emissions have been studied by changing the Nb concentration (0x), with x=0.20,0.40,0.53,0.60 and 0.80, on both sides of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) zone. The principal bands become visible at energies of 1.73, 2.56 and 3.35 eV. The results reveal the role of the Nb{sup 5+} ion substitutions by Zr{sup 4+} or Ti{sup 4+} ions and the symmetry presented in the rhombohedral or tetragonal side of the MPB. Raman spectra which are similar for compositions: 20/80, 40/60 and 53/47 (tetragonal phases) show nine bands, centered around 137, 194, 269, 331, 434, 550, 612, 712 and 750 cm{sup -1}. The spectra for samples 60/40 and 80/20, rhombohedral phase, show significant differences, only six bands appear, centered around 124, 209, 234, 330, 549 and 682 cm{sup -1}. In addition, optical absorption spectroscopy, structural and micro-structural measurements were carried out by using Uv-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The experimental results of band gap energy, e.g., in our samples are in accordance with the findings by J. Baedi et al. in the calculations of band structure, energy gap and density of states for different phases of Pb(Zr{sub 1-x} Ti{sub x})O{sub 3} using density functional theory (DFT). (orig.)

  17. Thermal Expansion and Luminescent Properties of Triorthogermanates CaLa2- x Eu x Ge3O10 ( x = 0.0-0.6)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lipina, O. A.; Surat, L. L.; Baklanova, Ya. V.; Berger, I. F.; Tyutyunnik, A. P.; Zubkov, V. G.

    2018-02-01

    Solid solutions CaLa2- x Eu x Ge3O10 ( x = 0.0-0.6, Δ x = 0.1) have been synthesized for the first time. The compounds are isostructural to CaLa2Ge3O10, they crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/ c, Z = 4. The low-temperature X-ray diffraction studies have revealed the strain anisotropy of germanate CaLa2Ge3O10 crystal lattice in the temperature range 80-298 K, and the linear thermal expansion coefficients have been calculated. The optical properties of the activated phases have been studied, and the influence of the dopant concentration and the excitation wavelength on the luminescence characteristics of the synthesized compounds has been established.

  18. An X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the metal site preference in Al1−xGaxFeO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Walker, James D.S.; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2013-01-01

    Magnetoelectric materials have potential for being introduced into next generation technologies, especially memory devices. The AFeO 3 (Pna2 1 ; A=Al, Ga) system has received attention to better understand the origins of magnetoelectric coupling. The magnetoelectric properties this system exhibits depend on the amount of anti-site disorder present, which is affected by the composition and the method of synthesis. In this study, Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 was synthesized by the ceramic method and studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Al L 2,3 -, Ga K-, and Fe K-edge spectra were collected to examine how the average metal coordination number changes with composition. Examination of XANES spectra from Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 indicate that with increasing Ga content, Al increasingly occupies octahedral sites while Ga displays a preference for occupying the tetrahedral site. The Fe K-edge spectra indicate that more Fe is present in the tetrahedral site in AlFeO 3 than in GaFeO 3 , implying more anti-site disorder is present in AlFeO 3 . - Graphical abstract: Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 has been investigated by XANES. Through examination of Al L 2,3 -, Ga K-, and Fe K-edge XANES spectra, it was found that more anti-site disorder of the Fe atoms is present in AlFeO 3 compared to in GaFeO 3 . Highlights: ► Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ► Ga prefers to occupy the tetrahedral site in Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 . ► Fe prefers to occupy the octahedral sites in Al 1−x Ga x FeO 3 as x increases. ► More anti-site disorder is present in AlFeO 3 compared to in GaFeO 3.

  19. Electrical conductivity and thermo-EMF of cobaltite gallates LaCo_1_-_xGa_xO_3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lubinskij, N.N.; Shevchenko, S.V.; Bashkirov, L.A.; Petrov, G.S.; Slonskaya, S.V.

    2015-01-01

    It has been found that in LaCo_1_-_xGa_xO_3 system increase of the substitution degree x from 0 to 0,95 leads to the gradual electrical conductivity (σ) decrease. Within 300-1050 K temperature range for samples LaCo_1_-_xGa_xO_3 with x≤0,5 there are three linear parts on the curve lnσ - T"-"1, where electrical conductivity activation energies have been calculated for the low, intermediate and high temperature ranges. Electrical conductivity activation energy (E_A) for samples at different temperatures has been also estimated using derivatives d(lnσ)/d(T"-"1). The E_A temperature dependence for LaCo_1_-_xGa_xO_3 at 0≤x≤0,5 passes through a maximum that indicates the temperature for beginning of semiconductor-metal phase transition (T_E__A___m___a___x). It has been shown that the thermo-EMF coefficient (S) for LaCo_1_-_xGa_xO_3 (0,1≤x≤0,3) at room temperature is negative, increasing with temperature rising, going through zero at 435-530 K, reaching the maximum at 500-650 K and then dropping down. It has been established that the temperatures corresponding to the maximum S and E_A values are identical. (authors)

  20. Cation mobility in NASICON compounds Li1-xZr2-xNbx(PO4)3 and Li1+xZr2-xScx(PO4)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stenina, I.A.; Yaroslavtsev, A.B.; Aliev, A.D.; Antipov, E.V.; Velikodnyj, Yu.A.; Rebrov, A.I.

    2002-01-01

    Compounds featuring NASICON structure of the composition Li 1-x Zr 2-x Nb x (PO 4 ) 3 and Li 1+x Zr 2-x Sc x (PO 4 ) 3 were studied by the method of X-ray phase analysis and 7 Li and 31 P NMR. Structure of Li 0.8 Zr 1.8 Nb 0.2 (PO 4 ) 3 was refined on the basis of X-ray powder pattern. It is shown that cationic disordering in LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is stimulated both by cationic vacancies and interstitial atoms formation. The cationic vacancies are characterized by a higher mobility. The level of intrinsic disordering was estimated and the Frenkel constant for the compound was calculated [ru

  1. Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH3)3SnX3(X = Cl, Br)

    KAUST Repository

    Dang, Yangyang

    2016-10-11

    The hybrid perovskites with special optoelectronic properties have attracted more attention to the scientific and industrial applications. However, because of the toxicity and instability of lead complexes, there is interest in finding a nontoxic substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br) in an ambient atmosphere by bottom-seeded solution growth (BSSG) method. More importantly, detailed structural determination and refinements, phase transition, band gap, band structure calculations, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, XPS, thermal properties, and stability of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br) single crystals are demonstrated. NH(CH3)3SnCl3 single crystal undergoes reversible structural transformation from orthorhombic space group Cmc21 (no. 36) to monoclinic space group Cc (no. 9) and NH(CH3)3SnBr3 belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pna21 (no. 33) by DSC, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and temperature-dependent SHG measurements, which clarify the former results. These results should pave the way for further studies of these materials in optoelectronics.

  2. Modelling of the solid state electrochromic system WO/sub 3//HSbO/sub 3/ x 2H/sub 2/O/Ni(OH)/sub 2/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lagzdons, J L; Bajars, G E; Lusis, A R [AN Litovskoj SSR, Vilnyus. Inst. Fiziki Poluprovodnikov

    1984-08-16

    The problem of compatibility of electrochromic materials (ECM) with the solid electrolyte and the selection of solid electrolytes has been studied by means of modelling. The model electrochromic system (ECS) containing cathodically coloring ECM (WO/sub 3/), anodically coloring ECM (Ni(OH)/sub 2/), and a solid proton electrolyte (HSbO/sub 3/ x 2H/sub 2/O), as well as ECS containing H/sub x/WO/sub 3/ as counterelectrode has been investigated by the aid of cyclic voltammograms. Results show the compatibility of both the cathodic (WO/sub 3/) and anodic (Ni(OH)/sub 2/) ECM with solid proton electrolyte. Effective electrochromic devices can be worked out on their basis.

  3. Observation of γ rays > 1015 eV from Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lloyd-Evans, J.; Coy, R.N.; Lambert, A.; Lapikens, J.; Patel, M.; Reid, R.J.O.; Watson, A.A.

    1983-01-01

    The X-ray binary system Cygnus X-3 is a source of particular interest. As well as emitting X-rays which are modulated with a 4.8-h period, it has been observed in 30-100 MeV γ rays by the SAS II satellite and several groups have detected γ rays in the TeV range showing the same period. Most recently, using the small extensive air shower array at Kiel, workers have found that the γ-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 extends above 2 x 10 15 eV, with an integral flux of (7.4 +- 3.2) x 10 -14 cm -2 s -1 . This paper confirms the Kiel observations and presents evidence that the γ-ray spectrum of Cygnus X-3 steepens above 10 16 eV. (author)

  4. Hard X-ray observation of cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kendziorra, E.; Staubert, R.; Reppin, C.; Pietsch, W.; Truemper, J.; Voges, W.

    1979-05-01

    During a balloon observation on October 18, 1977 the high energy X-ray spectrum (20 - 90 keV) of Cyg X-3 has been measured with high statistical accuracy. It is found to be consistent with a thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum with kT = 17.5 +3.1/-2.6 keV or a power law Esup(γ) of the differential photon flux spectrum with γ=3.6 +-0.3. The extrapolation of the observed spectrum to approximately 100 MeV yields a gamma ray intensity which is at least three orders of magnitude below the intensity found by SAS-2 (Lamb et al. 1977). This indicates that the overall spectral behaviour of Cygnus X-3 is much different from that of the Crab- and Vela-pulsar. (orig.) [de

  5. Resonant photoemission at the Ga 3p photothreshold in In xGa1-xN

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colakerol, L.; Glans, P.-A.; Plucinski, L.; Zhang, Y.; Smith, K.E.; Zakharov, A.A.; Nyholm, R.; Cabalu, J.; Moustakas, T.D.

    2006-01-01

    Resonance effects at the Ga 3p photoabsorption threshold have been observed in photoemission spectra recorded from thin film In x Ga 1-x N alloys. The spectra display satellites of the main Ga 3d emission line, and the intensity of these satellites resonate at this threshold. The satellites are associated with a 3d 8 state, and have previously been observed for the semiconductors GaN, GaAs, and GaP. The resonance behavior has been studied for a variety of In x Ga 1-x N thin films with differing In concentration and band gap. The photon energy where the maximum resonance is observed varies with band gap within the alloy system, but does not follow the trend observed for binary Ga semiconducting compounds. We also observe that the threshold resonant energy increases slightly as the In content increases

  6. Discovery of novel solid solution Ca3Si3-x O3+x N4-2x : Eu2+ phosphors: structural evolution and photoluminescence tuning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Baochen; Liu, Yan-Gai; Huang, Zhaohui; Fang, Minghao; Wu, Xiaowen

    2017-12-22

    Discovery of novel phosphors is one of the main issues for improving the color rendering index (CRI) and correlated color temperature (CCT) of white light-emitting diodes (w-LEDs). This study mainly presents a systematic research on the synthesis, crystal structure variation and photoluminescence tuning of novel (oxy)nitride solid solution Ca 3 Si 3-x O 3+x N 4-2x : Eu 2+ phosphors. XRD refinements show that lattice distortion occurs when x value diverges the optimum one (x = 1). The lattice distortion causes a widening of emission spectrum and an increase of Stokes shift (ΔSS), which leads to a bigger thermal quenching. With decrease of x value, the emission spectrum shows an obvious red-shift from 505.2 to 540.8 nm, which is attributed to the crystal field splitting. The enhanced crystal field splitting also broadens the excitation spectrum, making it possible to serve as the phosphor for near ultraviolet (n-UV) LEDs. A 3-phosphor-conversion w-LED lamp was fabricated with the as-prepared phosphor, which exhibits high CRI (Ra = 85.29) and suitable CCT (4903.35 K). All these results indicate that the Ca 3 Si 3-x O 3+x N 4-2x : Eu 2+ phosphor can serve as the green phosphor for n-UV w-LEDs, with a tunable spectrum by controlling the crystal structure and morphology.

  7. Hyperfine properties of La(V{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x})O{sub 3} compounds

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tupan, L. F. S.; Ivashita, F. F.; Barco, R. [Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Brazil); Hallouche, B. [Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (Brazil); Paesano, A., E-mail: paesano@wnet.com.br [Universidade Estadual de Maringá (Brazil)

    2017-11-15

    LaV{sub 1−x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} perovskites were synthesized in the vanadium-rich concentration range (i.e., x < 0.5) and characterized structurally and for the hyperfine properties of the iron nuclear probe. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the physical transformations that take place in the undoped compound (LaVO{sub 3}) at low temperatures. For that, X-ray diffraction analysis and, more extensively, {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied. The results revealed that the LaV{sub 1}-xFexO{sub 3} vanadium-rich perovskites are orthorhombic at RT, and their lattice parameters decrease with increasing vanadium concentration. Lowering the temperature, the system becomes magnetic, with the iron moment freezing progressively. The presence of two magnetic subspectral components obtained at the lowest measurement temperatures suggests that the vanadium-rich samples, including LaVO{sub 3}, undergo a phase transition from an orthorhombic to a monoclinic structure at low temperatures.

  8. Reduction of Kondo lattice effects in Yb1-xLuxAl3 observed by soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamaguchi, J; Sekiyama, A; Imada, S; Yamasaki, A; Tsunekawa, M; Muro, T; Ebihara, T; Onuki, Y; Suga, S

    2007-01-01

    We have carried out the bulk-sensitive and high-resolution soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on Lu substituted intermediate-valence compound Yb 1-x Lu x Al 3 (x = 0.4) at temperatures from 200 to 20 K. The temperature dependences of the bulk Yb 4f photoelectron spectra revealed in our preceding works on high purity YbAl 3 have not been observed in this Lu substituted system. The temperature dependences of the bulk Yb 4f peak positions and the Yb valence in this system can be well reproduced by the single impurity Anderson model (SIAM), whereas the spectral behaviors in YbAl 3 were not at all reproduced by the SIAM. These results confirm the importance of the Kondo lattice effects for YbAl 3 , for which the coherent lattice periodicity plays essential roles

  9. Rattling of Ba-atoms in Ba8ZnxGe43-5x/8([]3-3x/8)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Melnychenko, N.; Grytsiv, A.; Rotter, M.; Rogl, P.; Devishvili, A.

    2006-01-01

    Full text: In order to improve the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials, one of the key parameters to be minimized is the lattice thermal conductivity. It is thus essential for the design of new thermoelectric materials to understand the lattice dynamics, especially the scattering mechanism of low energy phonons. The present paper describes formation, phase relations at subsolidus temperatures as well as at 800 o C, crystal chemistry and physical properties of a series of ternary clathrates as part of the solid solution, Ba 8 Zn x (Ge 43-5x/8[]3-3x/8 ), deriving from binary Ba 8 Ge 43 []3 with a solubility limit of 8 Zn per formula unit at 800 o C. Structural investigations in all cases confirm cubic primitive symmetry with a lattice parameter a ∼ 1.1 nm consistent with the space group type Pm-3n. Studies of transport coefficients evidence electrons as the majority charge carriers in the systems. Thermal conductivity exhibits a pronounced low temperature maximum, dominated by the lattice contribution, while at higher temperatures the electronic part gains weight. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments are used to study the phonon spectrum for Ba 8 Zn 8 Ge 38 . (author)

  10. Effect of Mixed Glass Former on Ionic Conductivity of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O-{B2O3:WO3}

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dehariya, Harsha; Kumar, R.; Polu, A. R.

    2012-05-01

    The idea to explore new 'Superionic Electrolytes', "Fast ionic conductors" is due to their tremendous potential applications in solid state electrochemical devices viz. solid state batteries, fuel cells, sensors, super capacitors. Superionic glasses have attracted great deal of attention due to their several advantageous over their crystalline counterparts such as high ionic conductivity, easy preparation, wide selection of compositions, isotropic properties and high stability etc [4-7]. Large numbers of silver ion based glasses have been reported in the literature for the glassy system of AgI:Ag2O: MxOy (MxOy = B2O3, SiO2, P2O5, GeO2, V2O5, As2O5, CrO3, SeO2, MoO3 & TeO3 etc many of them shows high silver ion conductivity [8]. Ion transport behavior of Silver Boro Tungstate glass system x[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: (1-x) [Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}], where 0 <= x <= 1 in molar wt% prepared by melt quench technique were reported. The new host [0.75AgI:0.25AgCl] was used as a better alternate in place of conventional host salt AgI. Conductivity measurement were carried out on this glass system as a function of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz, over a temperature range of 27°C to 200°C, for different compositions by Impedance spectroscopy. The composition 0.7[0.75AgI:0.25AgCl]: 0.3[Ag2O{B2O3:WO3}] shows the highest conductivity of the order of σrt ~ 2.76 × 10-2 S/cm, referred to as the Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC). The enhancement in the conductivity has been obtained by mixed former effect. XRD result shows that the system is completely amorphous. Temperature dependence of conductivity of all compositions were studied & reported. Activation energies (Ea) were also evaluated from the slope of .Log(σ) vs 1000/T, Arrhenius plots.

  11. X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome systems in the Neotropical Gymnotiformes electric fish of the genus Brachyhypopomus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adauto Lima Cardoso

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Several types of sex chromosome systems have been recorded among Gymnotiformes, including male and female heterogamety, simple and multiple sex chromosomes, and different mechanisms of origin and evolution. The X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y systems identified in three species of this order are considered homoplasic for the group. In the genus Brachyhypopomus, only B. gauderio presented this type of system. Herein we describe the karyotypes of Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus and B. n. sp. FLAV, which have an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system that evolved via fusion between an autosome and the Y chromosome. The morphology of the chromosomes and the meiotic pairing suggest that the sex chromosomes of B. gauderio and B. pinnicaudatus have a common origin, whereas in B . n. sp. FLAV the sex chromosome system evolved independently. However, we cannot discard the possibility of common origin followed by distinct processes of differentiation. The identification of two new karyotypes with an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system in Gymnotiformes makes it the most common among the karyotyped species of the group. Comparisons of these karyotypes and the evolutionary history of the taxa indicate independent origins for their sex chromosomes systems. The recurrent emergence of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y system may represent sex chromosomes turnover events in Gymnotiformes.

  12. Photoluminescence Properties of Red-Emitting Ca3Sr3-x(PO4)4:xEu3+ Phosphors for White Light-Emitting Diodes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hakeem, D A; Park, K

    2015-07-01

    The photoluminescent properties of the Eu(3+)-activated Ca3Sr3(PO4)4 phosphors prepared by a solution combustion method were investigated. The excitation spectra of Ca3Sr3-x(PO4)4:xEu3+ (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) phosphors under 614 nm wavelength showed a broad band centered at 266 nm along with other peaks at 320, 362, 381, 394, 414, 464, and 534 nm. The emission spectra observed in the range of 450 to 750 nm under excitation at 394 nm were ascribed to the 5D0-7F1-4 transitions of Eu3+ ions. The Ca3Sr3-x(PO4)4:xEu3+ phosphors showed the strongest red emission at 614 nm due to the electric dipole 5DO -->7F2 transition of Eu3+. The strongest emission intensity was obtained for the Eu3+ ions of x = 0.5. The prepared Ca3Sr3-x(PO4)4:xEu3+ can be used as an efficient red phosphor for UV-based white LEDs.

  13. Changes in the Long-Term Intensity Variations in Cygnus X-2 and LMC X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paul, B.; Kitamoto, S.; Makino, F.

    2000-01-01

    We report the detection of changes in the long-term intensity variations in two X-ray binaries, Cyg X-2 and LMC X-3. In this work, we have used the long-term light curves obtained with the All-Sky Monitors (ASMs) of the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), Ginga, Ariel 5, and Vela 5B and the scanning modulation collimator of HEAO 1. It is found that in the light curves of both the sources, obtained with these instruments at various times over the last 30 years, more than one periodic or quasi-periodic component is always present. The multiple prominent peaks in the periodograms have frequencies unrelated to each other. In Cyg X-2, RXTE-ASM data show strong peaks at 40.4 and 68.8 days, and Ginga-ASM data show strong peaks at 53.7 and 61.3 days. Multiple peaks are also observed in LMC X-3. The various strong peaks in the periodograms of LMC X-3 appear at 104, 169, and 216 days (observed with RXTE-ASM) and 105, 214, and 328 days (observed with Ginga-ASM). The present results, when compared with the earlier observations of periodicities in these two systems, demonstrate the absence of any stable long period. The 78 day periodicity detected earlier in Cyg X-2 was probably due to the short time base in the RXTE data that were used, and the periodicity of 198 days in LMC X-3 was due to a relatively short duration of observation with HEAO 1.

  14. Crystal structure and lithium ion conductivity of A-site deficient perovskites La1/3-xLi3xTaO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mizumoto, Katsuyoshi; Hayashi, Shinsuke

    1997-01-01

    The crystal structure and lithium ion conductivity of La 1/3-x Li 3x TaO 3 solid solutions with the A-site deficient perovskite structure have been studied. Single phase solid solutions were obtained in the range of x=0 to 1/6. Change from tetragonal to cubic structure and decrease in the lattice volume were observed with increasing the x value. The maximum conductivity obtained was 7 x 10 -3 S·m -1 at x=0.06. The composition-dependence on the carrier concentration was calculated and compared with conductivity data. (author)

  15. AdS3 xw (S3 x S3 x S1) solutions of type IIB string theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Donos, Aristomenis; Gauntlett, Jerome P.; Imperial College, London; Sparks, James

    2008-10-01

    We analyse a recently constructed class of local solutions of type IIB supergravity that consist of a warped product of AdS 3 with a sevendimensional internal space. In one duality frame the only other nonvanishing fields are the NS three-form and the dilaton. We analyse in detail how these local solutions can be extended to globally well-defined solutions of type IIB string theory, with the internal space having topology S 3 x S 3 x S 1 and with properly quantised three-form flux. We show that many of the dual (0,2) SCFTs are exactly marginal deformations of the (0,2) SCFTs whose holographic duals are warped products of AdS 3 with seven-dimensional manifolds of topology S 3 x S 2 x T 2 . (orig.)

  16. Neutron spectroscopy of the crystalline-electric-field in Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0, 0.3) and PrMnO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Podelsnyak, A.; Mirmelstein, A. [Inst. for Metal Physics, Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation); Zolliker, M.; Furrer, A. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)

    1997-09-01

    Ln{sub 1-x}A{sub {sub x}}MnO{sub 3} manganese perovskite are of interest because of their magnetic and transport properties. Inelastic neutron scattering has been employed to search for crystalline-electric-field (CEF) transitions in Nd{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0, 0.3) and PrMnO{sub 3} compounds. (author) 1 fig., 3 refs.

  17. Structure refinement, far infrared spectroscopy, and dielectric characterization of (1-x)La(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3-xLa2/3TiO3 solid solutions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Salak, Andrei N.; Khalyavin, Dmitry D.; Ferreira, Victor M.; Ribeiro, José L.; Vieira, Luís G.

    2006-05-01

    Dielectric properties of (1-x)La(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3-xLa2/3TiO3 [(1-x)LMT-xLT] ceramics (0infrared (FIR) frequency ranges. The crystal structure sequence in (1-x)LMT-xLT reported by different authors has been analyzed and revised. FIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the lattice contribution to the dielectric response at microwave frequencies. The complex dielectric function was evaluated from the reflectivity data and extrapolated down to a gigahertz range. Compositional variations of the fundamental microwave dielectric parameters estimated by different methods are compared and discussed. The dependence of the quality factor on the composition in LMT-LT is interpreted in terms of the reduction of spatial phonon correlations originated from the increasing amount of La vacancies. This approach could account for the compositional behavior of the dielectric loss commonly observed in a number of microwave mixed systems.

  18. On the isotope effects of ZrCoX3 (X = H, D and T): a first-principles study

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chattaraj, D.; Parida, S.C.; Dash, Smruti; Majumder, C.

    2013-01-01

    In the ITER project, the ZrCo-X (X= H, D and T) systems have gained considerable attention because of its use in the hydrogen isotope storage. The isotopic effects on the ZrCoX 3 (X= H, D and T) compounds have been studied in terms of the variation of the thermodynamic parameters using the DFT and frozen phonon approach. A significant difference between the ZrCoH 3 and its isotopic analogues has been noticed in terms of zero point energy (ZPE) and phonon frequencies. The zero point energies are 65.47 kJ/mol, 48.07 kJ/mol and 39.32 kJ/mol for ZrCoH 3 , ZrCoD 3 and ZrCoT 3 , respectively. The enthalpy of formation of ZrCoX 3 compounds, including the ZPE contributions, are -124.84, -142.24 and -150.99 kJ/(mole of compound) for X = H, D and T, respectively. (author)

  19. Magnetic interactions in HoCr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0, 0.2) investigated by neutron powder diffraction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xinzhi, E-mail: liuxinzhi1984.cn@163.com [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Hao, Lijie; Ma, Xiaobai [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Wang, Chin-Wei [Neutron Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan (China); Klose, Frank [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234 (Australia); Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong); Liu, Yuntao, E-mail: ytliu@ciae.ac.cn [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Sun, Kai; Li, Yuqing [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Chen, Dongfeng, E-mail: dongfeng@ciae.ac.cn [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China)

    2017-07-01

    Highlights: • The temperature dependent magnetism of HoCr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0, 0.2) were investigated by neutron diffraction. • Cr{sup 3+} moment follows a mean field theory while Ho{sup 3+} follows a spin 1/2 model. • An magneto-elastic strain was observed accompanying with the ordering of Cr{sup 3+}. - Abstract: The temperature dependent magnetism of Fe-doped rare earth orthochromite HoCr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3}(x = 0, 0.2) was investigated by neutron powder diffraction. It is found that the magnetism of Cr(Fe){sup 3+} can be well understood within mean field theory, while the ordering of Ho{sup 3+} was induced by the Cr(Fe){sup 3+} sublattice and can be satisfyingly described by an effective S = 1/2 model. The absences of both the most common G{sub x}F{sub z} configuration of Cr{sup 3+} and the ordering of Ho{sup 3+} caused by Ho-Ho interaction evidence a strong Ho{sup 3+}-Cr{sup 3+} interaction which dominates this system. On the other hand, a remarkable magnetoelastic strain was observed accompanying the Cr(Fe){sup 3+} ordering. An analysis based on the equation of state with a Grüneisen approximation was performed and revealed magnetic origin of this strain.

  20. 57Fe Moessbauer effect studies of magnetic ordering in Lasub(1-x) Srsub(x)CoO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhide, V.G.; Rajoria, D.S.

    1975-01-01

    A detailed investigation of the Lasub(1-x)Srsub(x)CoO 3 system was performed for the entire range of Sr concentrations using X-ray diffraction for structural studies, DTA for phase transition analysis, Moessbauer and magnetic susceptibility studies for magnetic properties, and electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient studies for electron transport properties. Among other interesting results, samples with x > 0.125 were found to show ferromagnetic ordering. (A.K.)

  1. Structural, Dielectric, and Electrical Properties of Bi1- x Pb x Fe1- x (Zr0.5Ti0.5) x O3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Panda, Niranjan; Pattanayak, Samita; Choudhary, R. N. P.

    2015-12-01

    Polycrystalline samples of Bi1- x Pb x Fe1- x (Zr0.5Ti0.5) x O3 (BPFZTO) with x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 were prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction. Preliminary structural analysis of calcined powders of the materials by use of x-ray powder diffraction confirmed formation of single-phase systems with the tetragonal structure. Room-temperature scanning electron micrographs of the samples revealed uniform distribution of grains of low porosity and different dimensions on the surface of the samples. The frequency-temperature dependence of dielectric and electric properties was studied by use of dielectric and complex impedance spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency (1 kHz to 1 MHz) at different temperatures (25-500°C). The dielectric constant of BiFeO3 (BFO) was enhanced by substitution with Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) whereas the dielectric loss of the BPFZTO compounds decreased with increasing PZT content. A significant contribution of both grains and grain boundaries to the electrical response of the materials was observed. The frequency-dependence of the ac conductivity of BPFZTO followed Jonscher's power law. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior was observed for all the BPFZTO samples. Conductivity by thermally excited charge carriers and oxygen vacancies in the materials was believed to be of the Arrhenius-type.

  2. Observational studies of X-ray binary systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klis, M. van der.

    1983-01-01

    The subject of Chapter 1 is theoretical. The other chapters, Ch. 2 to 6, contain original observational data and efforts towards their interpretation. Of these, Ch. 3, 4 and 5 deal with massive X-ray binaries, Ch. 6 with low-mass systems and Ch. 2 with Cygnus X-3, which we have not yet been able to assign to any of these two classes. The X-ray observations described were made with the COS-B satellite. Work based on UV and optical observations is described in Ch. 5. The UV observations were made with the IUE satellite, the optical observations at several ground-based observatories. (Auth.)

  3. Electronic zooming TV readout system for an x-ray microscope

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kinoshita, K.; Matsumura, T.; Inagaki, Y.; Hirai, N.; Sugiyama, M.; Kihara, H.; Watanabe, N.; Shimanuki, Y.

    1993-01-01

    The electronic zooming TV readout system using the X-ray zooming tube has been developed for purposes of real-time readout of very high resolution X-ray image, e.g. the output image from an X-ray microscope. The system limiting resolution is 0.2∼0.3 μm and it is easy to operate in practical applications

  4. NpX3 compounds under high pressure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zwirner, S.; Kalvius, G.M.

    1993-01-01

    The systematics of hyperfine interactions and the ordering temperature T ord in isostructural NpX 3 compounds (X=Al, Si, Ga, Ge, ln, Sn) are briefly reviewed. NpSn 3 has been viewed as a Kondo lattice system, similar to CeAl 2 , NpIn 3 shows a modulated magnetic structure including low moment and nonmagnetic contributions at ambient pressure and 4.2 K. Preliminary results of recent 237 Np Moessbauer studies on NpIn 3 at ambient pressure and various temperatures and at 4.0(8) GPa and 4.2 K are reported. At 4.0(8) GPa, T ord rises from 17 to 22 K, the low-moment contributions of the modulated structure are reduced and the non-magnetic site is lost below T ord . The variation of the hyperfine parameters and of T ord with pressure is similar to the behavior observed in NpSn 3 . (orig.)

  5. Cs 1–x Rb x PbCl 3 and Cs 1–x Rb x PbBr 3 Solid Solutions: Understanding Octahedral Tilting in Lead Halide Perovskites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Linaburg, Matthew R.; McClure, Eric T.; Majher, Jackson D.; Woodward, Patrick M.

    2017-04-03

    The structures of the lead halide perovskites CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 have been determined from X-ray powder diffraction data to be orthorhombic with Pnma space group symmetry. Their structures are distorted from the cubic structure of their hybrid analogs, CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br), by tilts of the octahedra (Glazer tilt system a–b+a–). Substitution of the smaller Rb+ for Cs+ increases the octahedral tilting distortion and eventually destabilizes the perovskite structure altogether. To understand this behavior, bond valence parameters appropriate for use in chloride and bromide perovskites have been determined for Cs+, Rb+, and Pb2+. As the tolerance factor decreases, the band gap increases, by 0.15 eV in Cs1–xRbxPbCl3 and 0.20 eV in Cs1–xRbxPbBr3, upon going from x = 0 to x = 0.6. The band gap shows a linear dependence on tolerance factor, particularly for the Cs1–xRbxPbBr3 system. Comparison with the cubic perovskites CH3NH3PbCl3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 shows that the band gaps of the methylammonium perovskites are anomalously large for APbX3 perovskites with a cubic structure. This comparison suggests that the local symmetry of CH3NH3PbCl3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 deviate significantly from the cubic symmetry of the average structure.

  6. Magnetic correlations in UPt3 and U/sub 1-x/Th/sub x/Pt3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aeppli, G.; Bucher, E.; Goldman, A.I.; Shirane, G.; Broholm, C.; Kjems, J.K.

    1988-01-01

    Neutron scattering experiments on UPt 3 and U/sub 1-x/Th/sub x/Pt 3 are reviewed. At relatively high energies (/approximately/5 MeV), the magnetic fluctuation spectrum is modulated by the structure factor derived from short-range antiferromagnetic correlations where the two U ions in each unit cell are oppositely polarized. In contrast, at low energies (≤ 1 MeV), the diffuse inelastic scattering is associated with antiferromagnetic correlations where the unit cell is doubled. Nominally pure UPt 3 exhibits magnetic order with the wavevector corresponding to this doubling and a static moment of 0.02 +- 0.01 μ/sub B/. (U/sub 1-x/Th/sub x/)Pt 3 with x ≅ 0.05 exhibits ordering of the same type, but with a much larger static moment, 0.65 +- 0.1 μ/sub B/. Neutron scattering measurements on UPt 3 with implications for superconductivity are surveyed. 23 refs., 7 figs

  7. Moving-Article X-Ray Imaging System and Method for 3-D Image Generation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandez, Kenneth R. (Inventor)

    2012-01-01

    An x-ray imaging system and method for a moving article are provided for an article moved along a linear direction of travel while the article is exposed to non-overlapping x-ray beams. A plurality of parallel linear sensor arrays are disposed in the x-ray beams after they pass through the article. More specifically, a first half of the plurality are disposed in a first of the x-ray beams while a second half of the plurality are disposed in a second of the x-ray beams. Each of the parallel linear sensor arrays is oriented perpendicular to the linear direction of travel. Each of the parallel linear sensor arrays in the first half is matched to a corresponding one of the parallel linear sensor arrays in the second half in terms of an angular position in the first of the x-ray beams and the second of the x-ray beams, respectively.

  8. Metal-insulator transition in SrTi{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} thin films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gu, Man [Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Wolf, Stuart A. [Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States); Lu, Jiwei [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 (United States)

    2013-11-25

    Epitaxial SrTi{sub 1−x}V{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films were grown on (001)-oriented (LaAlO{sub 3}){sub 0.3}(Sr{sub 2}AlTaO{sub 6}){sub 0.7} (LSAT) substrates using the pulsed electron-beam deposition technique. The transport study revealed a temperature driven metal-insulator transition (MIT) at 95 K for x = 0.67. The films with higher vanadium concentration (x > 0.67) were metallic corresponding to a Fermi liquid system. In the insulating phase (x < 0.67), the resistivity behavior was governed by Mott's variable range hopping mechanism. The possible mechanisms for the induced MIT are discussed, including the effects of electron correlation, lattice distortion, and Anderson localization.

  9. Integrated dry NO{sub x}/SO{sub 2} emissions control system: integrated system test report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, R.A.; Muzio, L.J. [Fossil Energy Research Corp., Laguna Hills, CA (United States); Hunt, T. [Public Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, CO (United States)

    1997-04-01

    The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NO{sub x}/SO{sub 2} Emissions Control System Program, is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NO{sub x} and SO{sub 2} emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low NO{sub x} burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NO{sub x} removal; and (3) Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and duct humidification for SO{sub 2} removal. This report documents the final phase of the test program, in which the overall performance of the integrated system was evaluated. Previous testing has shown that the goal of 70 percent NO{sub x} removal was easily achieved with the combination of low-NO{sub x} burners, overfire air, and urea-based SNCR. Similarly, the ability of the sodium-based DSI system to achieve 70 percent SO{sub 2} removal was also demonstrated previously. The integrated tests demonstrated the synergistic benefit of operating the SNCR and sodium-based DSI systems concurrently. With the automatic control system set to limit the NH{sub 3} emissions to less than 8 ppm, the NO{sub 2} emissions from the sodium-based DSI system were reduced by nominally 50 percent compared to operation with the DSI system alone. Comparably, the combined operation reduced NH{sub 3} emissions, as reflected by a higher urea injection rate for a fixed NH{sub 3} emission limit. With combined DSI and SNCR operation, an ammonia odor problem was encountered around the Unit 4 ash silo (this did not occur with the SNCR system operated alone at comparable NH{sub 3} slip levels). This odor problem is attributed to the sodium changing the rate at which NH{sub 3} is released from the ash when it is wetted for truck transport to the disposal site.

  10. Development of a lab-scale, high-resolution, tube-generated X-ray computed-tomography system for three-dimensional (3D) materials characterization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mertens, J.C.E.; Williams, J.J.; Chawla, Nikhilesh

    2014-01-01

    The design and construction of a modular high resolution X-ray computed tomography (XCT) system is highlighted in this paper. The design approach is detailed for meeting a specified set of instrument performance goals tailored towards experimental versatility and high resolution imaging. The XCT tool is unique in the detector and X-ray source design configuration, enabling control in the balance between detection efficiency and spatial resolution. The system package is also unique: The sample manipulation approach implemented enables a wide gamut of in situ experimentation to analyze structure evolution under applied stimulus, by optimizing scan conditions through a high degree of controllability. The component selection and design process is detailed: Incorporated components are specified, custom designs are shared, and the approach for their integration into a fully functional XCT scanner is provided. Custom designs discussed include the dual-target X-ray source cradle which maintains position and trajectory of the beam between the two X-ray target configurations with respect to a scintillator mounting and positioning assembly and the imaging sensor, as well as a novel large-format X-ray detector with enhanced adaptability. The instrument is discussed from an operational point of view, including the details of data acquisition and processing implemented for 3D imaging via micro-CT. The performance of the instrument is demonstrated on a silica-glass particle/hydroxyl-terminated-polybutadiene (HTPB) matrix binder PBX simulant. Post-scan data processing, specifically segmentation of the sample's relevant microstructure from the 3D reconstruction, is provided to demonstrate the utility of the instrument. - Highlights: • Custom built X-ray tomography system for microstructural characterization • Detector design for maximizing polychromatic X-ray detection efficiency • X-ray design offered for maximizing X-ray flux with respect to imaging resolution

  11. Structural chemistry and magnetic properties of Pr3-xSr1+xCrNiO8

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dutton, Sian E.; Bahout, Mona; Battle, Peter D.; Tonus, Florent; Demange, Valerie

    2008-01-01

    Polycrystalline samples of the n=1 Ruddlesden-Popper system Pr 3-x Sr 1+x CrNiO 8 have been synthesized over the composition range 0.0 0.1 adopt the tetragonal space group I4/mmm; Pr 2.9 Sr 1.1 CrNiO 8 adopts the orthorhombic space group Fmmm. There is no evidence of Cr/Ni cation ordering in any composition. A maximum in the zero-field cooled magnetic susceptibility is observed at a temperature T f that decreases with increasing Sr content; 52≤T f (K)≤13. The frequency dependence of T f observed in a.c. susceptibility measurements, together with the analysis of neutron diffraction data, suggests that the atomic magnetic moments in these compositions adopt a spin-glass-like state below T f . - Graphical abstract: The n=1 Ruddlesden-Popper system Pr 3-x Sr 1+x CrNiO 8 (0.0< x≤1.0) has been characterized by diffraction methods and magnetometry. There is no evidence of Cr/Ni cation ordering in any composition. The atomic magnetic moments adopt a spin-glass-like state below a transition temperature that decreases from 52 K (x=0.1) to 13 K (x=1.0)

  12. Structural study of glasses in the binary system NaPO{sub 3}-MoO{sub 3} by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mo K and L{sub 3} edges

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poirier, Gael, E-mail: gael@unifal-mg.edu.br [Department of Science and Technology, UNIFAL-MG, Rua Corumba 72, CEP 37701-100, Pocos de Caldas, MG (Brazil); Cassanjes, Fabia C. [Department of Science and Technology, UNIFAL-MG, Rua Corumba 72, CEP 37701-100, Pocos de Caldas, MG (Brazil)

    2010-04-15

    Glasses were prepared in the binary system (100 - x)NaPO{sub 3}-xMoO{sub 3} with x varying from 0 to 50 mol%. An increase in the MoO{sub 3} concentration promotes a strong absorption in the visible and near infrared attributed to Mo reduction during glass synthesis. X-ray absorption measurements were performed at the Mo K and L{sub 3} edges to investigate both the coordination number and oxidation state of Mo in these glasses. The evolution of the pre-peak observed at the K edge suggests that Mo atoms are six-fold coordinated in these glasses. This hypothesis was confirmed by data obtained at the Mo-L{sub 3}-absorption edge. Since the final electronic states at the L{sub 3}-absorption edge are mostly orbitals of d-character which are splitted by the ligand field, the amplitude of the d-orbital splitting could be estimated and the related coordination number of Mo obtained. Finally, the oxidation state of Mo could be related with a change of the white line intensity at the Mo-L{sub 3} edge. These results confirm that the optical absorption in the visible is due to Mo reduction and that transparent samples prepared by slow cooling contain less reduced Mo species.

  13. Resolving the faint end of the satellite luminosity function for the nearest elliptical Centaurus A

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crnojevic, Denija

    2014-10-01

    We request HST/ACS imaging to follow up 15 new faint candidate dwarfs around the nearest elliptical Centaurus A (3.8 Mpc). The dwarfs were found via a systematic ground-based (Magellan/Megacam) survey out to ~150 kpc, designed to directly confront the "missing satellites" problem in a wholly new environment. Current Cold Dark Matter models for structure formation fail to reproduce the shallow slope of the satellite luminosity function in spiral-dominated groups for which dwarfs fainter than M_V<-14 have been surveyed (the Local Group and the nearby, interacting M81 group). Clusters of galaxies show a better agreement with cosmological predictions, suggesting an environmental dependence of the (poorly-understood) physical processes acting on the evolution of low mass galaxies (e.g., reionization). However, the luminosity function completeness for these rich environments quickly drops due to the faintness of the satellites and to the difficult cluster membership determination. We target a yet unexplored "intermediate" environment, a nearby group dominated by an elliptical galaxy, ideal due to its proximity: accurate (10%) distance determinations for its members can be derived from resolved stellar populations. The proposed observations of the candidate dwarfs will confirm their nature, group membership, and constrain their luminosities, metallicities, and star formation histories. We will obtain the first complete census of dwarf satellites of an elliptical down to an unprecedented M_V<-9. Our results will crucially constrain cosmological predictions for the faint end of the satellite luminosity function to achieve a more complete picture of the galaxy formation process.

  14. Development of a 3-D x-ray micro-tomography system and its application to trabecular bone/cement interface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chi, Yong Ki; Cho, Gyuseong

    2004-01-01

    In recent years, the interface analysis of micro-structure based objects is an important research in osteoporosis, vascular imaging since a 3-D X-ray micro-tomography system was developed. However, the micro-tomographic image shows the white-out appearance in case of imaging of similar density objects with low energy X-ray. Therefore these images must be analyzed about the interface between microstructure based objects for its application to biomechanical study. Many published studies suggested approximately assumed model of interface and predicted mechanical failure by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) but these FEM analysis has not used for modeling the real structure and interface between objects such as roughness, voids and pores of objects. We developed micro-tomography system and suggest the application of micro-tomographic image for predicting mechanical failure at the interface. The micro-tomography system consists of a 5 μm micro-focus X-ray tube, a CMOS-based image sensor and a rotating sample holder controlled by a precision motor. CMOS image sensor has 62x62 mm 2 sensing area and uses optical lenses system for increasing resolution. The sample which was manufactured by implanting cement in a pig hip bone was used and its fracture is considered to be an important cause of loosening of hip joint replacement in orthopedic implants. A Feldkamp's cone-beam reconstruction algorithm on the equispatial detector case was used for bone/cement 3D volume data and the analysis of a trabecular bone/cement interface containing white-out appearance was performed by using multiple criterion segmentation of region and volume. Finally, the segmented data can be used for fracture prediction of FEM by determining node of hexahedron meshing. In this paper, we present development of a 3-D cone beam micro-tomographic system with CMOS image sensor and its application to a complex structure of a trabecular bone and implanted cement for predicting the failure mechanism of

  15. Cygnus X-3 transition from the ultrasoft to the hard state

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Beckmann, V.; Soldi, S.; Belanger, G.

    2007-01-01

    Aims. The nature of Cygnus X-3 is still not understood well. This binary system might host a black hole or a neutron star. Recent observations by INTEGRAL have shown that Cygnus X- 3 was again in an extremely ultrasoft state. Here we present our analysis of the transition from the ultrasoft state...

  16. Neutron powder diffraction investigation of magnetic structure and spin reorientation transition of HoFe{sub 1-x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 3} solid solutions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Xinzhi [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Hao, Lijie, E-mail: haolijie@ciae.ac.cn [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Liu, Yuntao; Ma, Xiaobai; Meng, Siqin; Li, Yuqing; Gao, Jianbo; Guo, Hao; Han, Wenze; Sun, Kai; Wu, Meimei [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China); Chen, Xiping; Xie, Lei [Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, CAEP, Mianyang 621900 (China); Klose, Frank [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234 (Australia); Department of Physics and Materials Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (China); Chen, Dongfeng, E-mail: dongfeng@ciae.ac.cn [Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413 (China)

    2016-11-01

    Orthoferrite solid solution HoFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.2,…,1.0) was synthesized via solid state reaction methods. The crystal structure, magnetism and spin reorientation properties of this system were investigated by X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and magnetic measurements. For compositions of x≤0.6, the system exhibits similar magnetic properties to HoFeO{sub 3}. With increasing Cr-doping, the system adopts a Γ{sub 4}(G{sub x}A{sub y}F{sub z}) magnetic configuration with a decreased Neel temperature from 640 K to 360 K. A Γ{sub 42} spin reorientation of Fe(Cr){sup 3+} was also observed in this system with an increase in transition temperature from 56 K to about 200 K due to competition between the Fe(Cr)–Fe(Cr) and Ho–Fe(Cr) interactions. For the x≥0.8, the system behaves more like HoCrO{sub 3} which adopts a Γ{sub 2}(F{sub x}C{sub y}G{sub z}) configuration with no spin reorientation below the Neel temperature T{sub N}. Throughout the whole substitution range, we found that the saturated moment of Fe(Cr) was less than the ideal value for a free ion, which implies the existence of spin fluctuation in this system. A systematic magnetic structure variation with Cr-substitution is revealed by Rietveld refinement. A phase diagram combining the results of the magnetic measurements and neutron powder diffraction results was obtained. - Highlights: • With Cr-substitution in the HoFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 3} system, A Γ{sub 42} spin reorientation of Fe(Cr){sup 3+} was observed with an increase in transition temperature from 56 K to about 200 K for x=0−0.6. • The saturated moment of Fe(Cr) position was found to be systematically less than the ideal value of free ion, and thus implies the presence of spin quantum fluctuation. • A composition–temperature phase diagram throughout x=0–1 for HoFe{sub 1−x}Cr{sub x}O{sub 3} system was established.

  17. Annealing Effect on (FAPbI31−x(MAPbBr3x Perovskite Films in Inverted-Type Perovskite Solar Cells

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lung-Chien Chen

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This study determines the effects of annealing treatment on the structure and the optical and electronic behaviors of the mixed (FAPbI31−x(MAPbBr3x perovskite system. The experimental results reveal that (FAPbI31−x(MAPbBr3x (x ~ 0.2 is an effective light-absorbing material for use in inverted planar perovskite solar cells owing to its large absorbance and tunable band gap. Therefore, good band-matching between the (FAPbI31−x(MAPbBr3x and C60 in photovoltaic devices can be controlled by annealing at various temperatures. Accordingly, an inverted mixed perovskite solar cell with a record efficiency of 12.0% under AM1.5G irradiation is realized.

  18. 3D Doppler Tomography of the X-Ray Binary System Cygnus X-1 from Spectral Observations in 2007 in the HeII λ 4686 Å Line

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agafonov, M. I.; Karitskaya, E. A.; Sharova, O. I.; Bochkarev, N. G.; Zharikov, S. V.; Butenko, G. Z.; Bondar', A. V.; Sidorov, M. Yu.

    2018-02-01

    The results of a 3D Doppler tomography analysis for the X-ray binary system Cyg X-1 in the HeII λ 4686 Å line are presented. Information about the motions of gaseous flows outside the orbital plane has been obtained for the first time. Line profiles obtained in June 2007 on the 2-m telescope of the Terskol Branch of the Institute of Astronomy (Russia) and on the 2.1-m telescope of the National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico were used. A detailed analysis of these spectral data is presented: the distribution of the data in time, distribution of orbital phases for the projections, comparison of the line profile shapes for the data from two observatories. The geometry of the total transfer function obtained in the reconstruction is considered. The possibility of applying the profiles obtained to realize 3D tomography is justified. The resolution of the constructed 3D tomogram in velocity space is 60 × 60 × 40 km/s for V x , V y , V z . Fifteen cross sections for 15 different V z values perpendicular to the orbital plane are presented. The intensity distributions corresponding to the velocities of gaseous structures in the binary system are obtained. The reconstruction was realized using the radio-astronomical approach, developed for solving problems in tomography with a limited number of projections.

  19. Hyperfine characterization of the Ba Ti1-x Hfx O3 for x = 0.20

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ayala, Alexandro; Lopez-Garcia, Alberto

    1996-01-01

    It is known that the cation substitution in perovskites produce changes in the macroscopic properties of these materials. A case to study is for example the influence of cation B partially substituted by cation B ' when ABO 3 is ferroelectric, and A B ' O 3 is paraelectric. In this work the system Ba Ti 1-x Hf x O 3 with x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 is studied by Perturbed Angular Correlations (Pac) in order to obtain microscopic information through the electric field gradient tensor (EFG) produced by electrons close to probes. Two hyperfine quadrupole interactions were detected. One interaction associated to probes with defects originated during the nuclear processes after neutron irradiation, and the other are located in B sites. At R T, the hyperfine parameters are analyzed in terms of Hf concentration. (author)

  20. Structural characterization of the CeO{sub 2}/Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixed system by synchrotron X-ray diffraction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Artini, Cristina, E-mail: c.artini@ge.ieni.cnr.it [Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova (Italy); Costa, Giorgio A., E-mail: costa@chimica.unige.it [Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova (Italy); CNR-SPIN Genova, Corso Perrone 24, 16152 Genova (Italy); Pani, Marcella, E-mail: marcella@chimica.unige.it [Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova (Italy); Lausi, Andrea, E-mail: andrea.lausi@elettra.trieste.it [Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., ss 14, km 163, 5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste (Italy); Plaisier, Jasper, E-mail: jasper.plaisier@elettra.trieste.it [Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., ss 14, km 163, 5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste (Italy)

    2012-06-15

    The structural determination of the CeO{sub 2}/Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixed system is a non-trivial problem because of the close resemblance between the ionic sizes of Ce{sup 4+} and Gd{sup 3+} and between the crystal structures of CeO{sub 2} and Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. (Ce{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x})O{sub 2-x/2} powder samples with x ranging between 0 and 1 have been synthesized by coprecipitation of mixed oxalates and subsequent thermal decomposition in air at 1200 Degree-Sign C followed by slow cooling. Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data were collected and refined by the Rietveld method. Lattice parameters do not follow Vegard's law and no peak splitting has been observed for any composition, meaning that no biphasic regions exist over the whole compositional range. The same hybrid structural model - a proper mixture of the structures of the two pure oxides - was used for the refinements, allowing to account for the data observed. - graphical abstract: Substituting Ce{sup 4+} by Gd{sup 3+}, a gradual transition from the F structure (typical of CeO{sub 2}) to the C structure (typical of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}) takes place. The lattice parameters do not follow Vegard's law. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A structural study of Ce-Gd mixed oxides has been performed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In (Ce{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x})O{sub 2-x/2} a solid solution forms for 0{<=}x{<=}0.3. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For x>0.3 a gradual transition from the C to the F structure is observed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Lattice parameters do not follow Vegard's law.

  1. Hard x-ray photoemission study of the temperature-induced valence transition system EuNi2(Si1-xGex) 2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ichiki, Katsuya; Mimura, Kojiro; Anzai, Hiroaki; Uozumi, Takayuki; Sato, Hitoshi; Utsumi, Yuki; Ueda, Shigenori; Mitsuda, Akihiro; Wada, Hirofumi; Taguchi, Yukihiro; Shimada, Kenya; Namatame, Hirofumi; Taniguchi, Masaki

    2017-07-01

    We investigated the bulk-derived electronic structure of the temperature-induced valence transition system EuNi2(Si1 -xGex )2 (x =0.70 , 0.79, and 0.82) by means of hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES). The HAXPES spectra clearly show distinct temperature dependencies in the spectral intensities of the Eu2 + and Eu3 +3 d components. For x =0.70 , the changes in the Eu2 + and Eu3 +3 d spectral components with temperature reflect a continuous valence transition, whereas the sudden changes for x =0.79 and 0.82 reflect first-order valence transitions. The Eu 3 d spectral shapes for all x and particularly the drastic changes in the Eu3 +3 d feature with temperature are validated by a theoretical calculation based on the single-impurity Anderson model (SIAM). SIAM analysis reveals that the valence transition for each x is controlled by the c -f hybridization strength and the charge-transfer energy. Furthermore, the c -f hybridization strength governs the valence transition of this system, which is either first order or continuous, consistent with Kondo volume collapse.

  2. A Noise and Emissions Assessment of the N3-X Transport

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berton, Jeffrey J.; Haller, William J.

    2014-01-01

    Analytical predictions of certification noise and exhaust emissions for NASA's N3-X - a notional, hybrid wingbody airplane - are presented in this paper. The N3-X is a 300-passenger concept transport propelled by an array of fans distributed spanwise near the trailing edge of the wingbody. These fans are driven by electric motors deriving power from twin generators driven by turboshaft engines. Turboelectric distributed hybrid propulsion has the potential to dramatically increase the propulsive efficiency of aircraft. The noise and exhaust emission estimates presented here are generated using NASA's conceptual design systems analysis tools with several key modifications to accommodate this unconventional architecture. These tools predict certification noise and the emissions of oxides of nitrogen by leveraging data generated from a recent analysis of the N3-X propulsion system.

  3. Studies on electrical conduction behavior of La1-3xCaxBaxSrxMnO3 synthesized by chemical route

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rai, A.K.; Parkash, O.; Mandal, K.D.

    2008-01-01

    In the manganite La 1-x M x MnO 3 (M=Ca,Ba,Sr) the doping concentration introduces a mixed valency (Mn 3+ , Mn 4+ ) which governs the magnetic and electrical properties of the compound. The perovskite oxides La 1-3x Ca x Ba x Sr x MnO 3 (x=0.00,0.05,0.10) were prepared by chemical method. Single-phase formation is confirmed by XRD studies. The electrical behavior of compositions with x=0.00, 0.05 and 0.10 in the system La 1-3x Ca x Ba x Sr x MnO 3 was studied in the temperature range 300-420 K. It is observed that conductivity decreases with increasing temperature as well as dopants concentration. Metallic behavior of these compositions decreases with increasing dopants concentration (x). The microstructures of these samples have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (copyright 2007 WILEY -VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  4. Studies of diluted antiferromagnets MnxMg1-xTiO3 with x=0.55 and 0.70 by muon spin relaxation method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fukaya, A.; Ito, A.; Torikai, E.; Nishiyama, K.; Nagamine, K.

    1997-01-01

    Longitudinal fields μSR measurements have been performed in order to probe the spin dynamics in the diluted antiferromagnets Mn x Mg 1-x TiO 3 with x=0.70 and 0.55. In the x=0.70 sample which forms the antiferromagnetic long-range order, the static and fluctuating fields coexist at the muon stopping site below T N . On the other hand, in the x=0.55 sample which shows the spin-glass behavior, the local fields fluctuate rather fast even below T SG . We infer that this drastic change occurs when Mn x Mg 1-x TiO 3 transforms from an antiferromagnetic system to a spin-glass system by dilution

  5. DSC, Raman and impedance spectroscopy studies on the xB2O3 - (90 - x)TeO2 - 10TiO2 (where x = 0 to 50 mol%) glass system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sripada, Suresh; Rani, D. Esther Kalpana; Upender, G.; Pavani, P. Gayathri

    2013-03-01

    Titanium boro tellurite glasses in the xB2O3 -(90- x) TeO2 - 10TiO2 (where x = 0 to 50 mol%) system were prepared by using the conventional melt-quenching technique. Glass transition temperatures were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and found to be in the range of 300-370 °C. The Raman spectra showed a cleavage of the continuous TeO4 (tbp) network by breaking of the Te-O-Te linkages. The relative transition of TeO4 - groups to TeO3 - groups is accompanied by a change in the oxygen coordination of the boron from 3 to 4 (BO3 - to BO4 -). The impedance plots Z″( ω) versus Z'( ω) for all the glass samples were recorded and found to exhibit a single circle. The AC conductivity of all glass samples was studied in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 375 °C. The AC conductivity decreased by about one order in magnitude with increasing B2O3 content. The conductivity was found to be on the order of 10-4.5 to 10-6 (Ωcm)-1 at 375 °C and 1 MHz for 10 mol% and 50 mol% B2O3 contents, respectively. The relaxation behavior in these glass samples is discussed based on the complex modulus and impedance data.

  6. Properties of half metallic (Ba0.8Sr0.2)2-x La2x/3x/3FeMoO6 double perovskites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serrate, D.; De Teresa, J.M.; Blasco, J.; Morellon, L.; Ibarra, M.R.

    2005-01-01

    Previous work in (Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 2- x La x FeMoO 6 and Ba 1+ x Sr 1-3 x La 2 x FeMoO 6 have stated electron doping as the most important parameter in terms of T c enhancement. Here we report complementary structural, magnetic and transport properties, say a series where there is no doping and only structural parameters are changed: (Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 2- x La 2 x /3 x /3 FeMoO 6 . We propose a complete phase diagram where structural and bandfilling impact on the Curie temperature is clearly evidenced

  7. The nature of the EGRET source 3EG J1621+8203

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mukherjee, R.; Stern, D.; Halpern, J.; Mirabal, N.; Gotthelf, E.V.

    2001-01-01

    We present broad-band observations of 3EG J1621+8203 in an effort to understand the nature of this source. We have examined X-ray images of the field from the ROSAT PSPC, ROSAT HRI, and ASCA GIS to search for a possible counterpart to the EGRET source. We find several faint X-ray point sources in the gamma-ray error circle. Preliminary analysis indicates that most of the point sources correspond to stars or to faint radio sources. Of the nearly 40% identified sources in the 3EG Catalog, the vast majority are blazars, but there is no blazer candidate in the error circle of 3EG J1621+8203. Of the notable objects in the EGRET error circle, one is the bright FR I radio galaxy NGC 6251 at a redshift of 0.0249. If NGC 6251 is the counterpart to the EGRET source 3EG J1621+8203, then it would be the second radio galaxy to be detected by EGRET. The first was Centaurus A. Cen A provided the first clear evidence of the detection above 100 MeV of an AGN with a large-inclination jet. If the identification with NGC 6251 is correct, the apparent gamma-ray luminosity of 3EG J1621+8203 is lower than that of other EGRET blazars; just as in the case of Cen A

  8. Structural evolution, electrical properties and electric-field-induced changes of (0.8-x)PbTiO{sub 3}-xBiFeO{sub 3}-0.2BaZrO{sub 3} system near the morphotropic phase boundary

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wei, Yongxing; Jin, Changqing; Ye, Pin; Xu, Gang [Xi' an Technological University, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi' an (China); Li, Peng [Northwest Institute For Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi' an (China); Zeng, Yiming [Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Kunming (China)

    2017-04-15

    The crystal structures, piezoelectric property, dielectric transition and electric-field-induced changes in the structures and dielectric constant of (0.8-x)PbTiO{sub 3}-xBiFeO{sub 3}-0.2BaZrO{sub 3} (0.3x ≤ 0.4) ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary have been studied. All the ceramics could be indexed on the base of a tetragonal symmetry. The increasing concentration of BiFeO{sub 3} induces a reduction in the c/a ratio, ranged from 1.022 for x = 0.3 to 1.007 for x = 0.4. Accordingly, the piezoelectric coefficient (d{sub 33}) reaches a maximum value at x = 0.34 (d{sub 33}, 138 pC/N). A relaxor-type dielectric anomaly could be found for all the ceramics. The temperature of the maximum dielectric constant (T{sub m}) at 1 MHz and the degree of the diffuseness for the dielectric anomaly (δ) increase with BiFeO{sub 3} concentration, from 544 and 96 K for x = 0.3 to 574 and 154 K for x = 0.4. After poling, the ceramic for x = 0.34 shows an increase in the c/a ratio and an obvious decrease in the dielectric constant. (orig.)

  9. Optimization of measure parameters for an X- and gamma-ray spectrometry portable system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernandes, Jaquiel S.; Appoloni, Carlos R.

    2008-01-01

    In order to optimize the use of a system for in situ gamma (γ)- and X-ray spectrometry composed of a 3x3x1 mm 3 Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) detector with respect to the detection of low-activity radioactive sources, a two level factorial planning was accomplished, involving three factors that could modify the system response. This planning was made with a 137 Cs punctual source, analyzing the X-ray energy line of 32 keV from 137m Ba. It was concluded that, for the system optimization, the best configuration for the involved parameters was to work with the detector at temperature of -22 o C, shaping time of 3 μs and rise time discrimination (RTD) with value 3

  10. Enhancing MINIX 3.X input/output performance

    OpenAIRE

    Pessolani, Pablo Andrés; Weisz, Gustavo; Bardus, Marisa; Hein, César

    2008-01-01

    MINIX 3.X is an open-source operating system designed to be highly reliable, flexible, and secure. The kernel is extremely small and user processes, specialized servers and device driver runs as user-mode insulated processes. These features, the tiny amount of kernel code, and other aspects greatly enhance system reliability. The drawbacks of running device drivers in user-mode are the performance penalties on input/output ports access, kernel data structures access, interrupt indirect man...

  11. High dielectric constant observed in (1 − x)Ba(Zr0.07Ti0.93)O3xBa(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 binary solid-solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kruea-In, Chatchai; Eitssayeam, Sukum; Pengpat, Kamonpan; Rujijanagul, Gobwute

    2012-01-01

    Binary solid-solutions of the (1 − x)Ba(Zr 0.07 Ti 0.93 )O 3xBa(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 ) system, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9,were fabricated via a solid-state processing technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples exhibited a single perovskite phase. The BaFe 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 also promoted densification and grain growth of the system. Dielectric measurements showed that all samples displayed a relaxor like behavior. The x = 0.1 sample presented a dielectric-frequency and temperature with low loss tangent ( 0.2 samples, the dielectric data showed a broad dielectric constant–temperature curve with a giant dielectric characteristic. In addition, a high dielectric constant > 50,000 (at 10 kHz and temperature > 150 °C) was observed for the x = 0.9 sample.

  12. Convenient hydrothermal decomposition process for preparation of nanocrystalline mineral Cu3BiS3 and Pb1-xBi2x/3S

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hu Junqing; Deng Bin; Wang Chunrui; Tang Kaibin; Qian Yitai

    2003-01-01

    Mineral nanocrystalline Cu 3 BiS 3 and Pb 1-x Bi 2x/3 S (or Bi 0.22 Pb 0.89 S 1.22 ) have been prepared at low synthetic temperature of 100-150 deg. C by convenient hydrothermal decomposition process. X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and element analysis were used to characterize and measure the samples. The as-prepared Cu 3 BiS 3 sample consisted of whisker-like particles with an average size of 50x10 nm 2 and the Pb 1-x Bi 2x/3 S sample displayed aggregative particles with size in the range of 30-50 nm. Preliminary results showed that the prepared precursors, reaction temperature and time played a role in the formation of the final products. A possible reaction mechanism was also discussed briefly

  13. Characterization of (0.3-x)WO3-0.70Sb2O3-xAgNO3 (0.29 ≥ X ≥ 0.01) polycrystalline system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramesh, S.; Das, B.B.; Nagraju, D.

    2013-01-01

    Polyoxometalates (POMs) form a characteristic class of inorganic metal-oxygen compound. Due to their structural diversity and attractive properties, POMs have been attracted during the last decades. Especially, transition metal substituted POMs have become one of the most fascinating field in the synthetic chemistry. POMs, not only due to their unique properties on size, shape, charge density, redox potential and stability, but also owing to the promising applications in catalysis, medicine and material science. It is well known that tungsten produces many complex oxides similar to molybdenum and it is known to exhibit a variety of interesting properties counting semiconductivity, photochromism and electrochromism, space-charge injection. The structural identification of tungstate would be helpful in determining the species responsible for the properties mentioned. In the tungsten trioxide systems, tungsten exhibit mixed-valence states, specifically W 5+ (5d 1 ) and W 6+ (5d 0 ). The thermal hopping of electrons between these two valence states appears to be responsible for conduction in tungsten containing complex oxides. Since a ternary system such as WO 3 -Sb 2 O 3 AgNO 3 contains different structural units with interesting paramagnetic probe, WO 3 (4d 1 ). The study of structure-property relations as well as site symmetry around the WO 5+ site of such system is indeed interesting. However, the report on EPR studies of such systems is limited

  14. A Computational Study of Chalcogen-containing H2 X…YF and (CH3 )2 X…YF (X=O, S, Se; Y=F, Cl, H) and Pnicogen-containing H3 X'…YF and (CH3 )3 X'…YF (X'=N, P, As) Complexes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    McDowell, Sean A C; Buckingham, A David

    2018-04-20

    A computational study was undertaken for the model complexes H 2 X…YF and (CH 3 ) 2 X…YF (X=O, S, Se; Y=F, Cl, H), and H 3 X'…YF and (CH 3 ) 3 X'…YF (X'=N, P, As), at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. For H 2 X…YF and H 3 X'…YF, noncovalent interactions dominate the binding in order of increasing YF dipole moment, except for H 3 As…F 2 , and possibly H 3 As…ClF. However, for the methyl-substituted complexes (CH 3 ) 2 X…YF and (CH 3 ) 3 X'…YF the binding is especially strong for the complexes containing F 2 , implying significant chemical bonding between the interacting molecules. The relative stability of these complexes can be rationalized by the difference in the electronegativity of the X or X' and Y atoms. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Mobile 3D rotational X-ray: comparison with CT in sinus surgery

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carelsen, B.; Bakker, N.H.; Boon, S.N.; Fokkens, W.J.; Freling, N.J.M.; Noordhoek, N.J.

    2004-01-01

    Clinical evaluation of a 3D rotational X-ray (3D-RX) system, comprising a modified Philips BV Pulsera C-arm system and a Philips 3D-RA workstation, demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

  16. Local Structure of Mn in (La1-xHox)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 Studied by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pietnoczka, A.; Bacewicz, R.; Antonowicz, J.; Zalewski, W.; Pekala, M.; Drozd, V.; Fagnard, J.F.; Vanderbemden, P.

    2010-01-01

    Results of X-ray absorption fine structure measurements in manganites (La 1-x Ho x ) 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 with 0.15 3 is doped with a divalent element such as Ca 2+ , substituting for La 3+ , holes are induced in the filled Mn d orbitals. This leads to a strong ferromagnetic coupling between Mn sites. Ca ions in La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 introduce a distortion of the crystal lattice and mixed valence Mn ions (Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ ). On the other hand, in manganites (La 1-x Ho x ) 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 the substitution of La for Ho causes a lattice distortion and induces a disorder, which reduces a magnetic interaction. The ferromagnetic transition temperature and conductivity decrease very quickly with increasing x. The magnetic and transport properties of compounds depend on the local atomic structure around Mn ions. The information on the bond lengths and Debye-Waller factor are obtained from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis. The charge state of Mn is determined from the position of the absorption edge in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data. XAFS results are in good agreement with magnetic characteristics of the studied materials. (authors)

  17. Synthesis and magnetic properties of layered MnPSxSe3-x (0 < x < 3) and corresponding intercalation compounds of 2,2'-bipyridine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yan, Xiaobing; Chen, Xingguo; Qin, Jingui

    2011-01-01

    Graphical abstract: A series of new layered MnPS x Se 3-x (0 x Se 3-x exhibited antiferromagnetism similar to MnPS 3 or MnPSe 3 , but the intercalation of 2,2'-bipyridine can dramatically change the properties of MnPS x Se 3-x slab. Research highlights: → A series of new MnPS x Se 3-x are designed and synthesized for the first time and their layered structure has been determined. → The intercalation chemistry has been initially studied via the intercalation of 2,2'-bipyridine with MnPS x Se 3-x . → The magnetic properties of the series MnPS x Se 3-x and the corresponding intercalation compounds of 2,2'-bipydine have been studied. And the relationship between the structure and the magnetic propertied has been primarily explored. -- Abstract: In this work, we synthesize a series of new MnPS x Se 3-x (0 1-y PS x Se 3-x (bipy) 4y , x = 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4) via the intercalation of 2,2'-bipyridine with MnPS x Se 3-x . XRD results confirm that MnPS x Se 3-x compounds show the layered structure and can be regarded as the solid solution of MnPS 3 and MnPSe 3 . Magnetic measurements indicate that MnPS x Se 3-x compounds exhibit paramagnetism with negative Weiss constant in the paramagnetic temperature region, and an antiferromagnetic phase transition occurs at the Neel temperature. It is found that the magnetic properties of MnPS x Se 3-x slab are dramatically changed after the intercalation of 2,2'-bipyridine, which is close related to the relative ratio of S and Se atom as well as the intralayered Mn 2+ vacancies of MnPS x Se 3-x slab.

  18. Construction of global ab initio potential energy surfaces for the HNS system and quantum dynamics calculations for the S({sup 3}P) + NH(X{sup 3}Σ) → NS(X{sup 2}Π) + H({sup 2}S) and N({sup 4}S) + SH(X{sup 2}Π) → NS(X{sup 2}Π) + H({sup 2}S) reactions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sato, Kazuma; Takayanagi, Toshiyuki, E-mail: tako@mail.saitama-u.ac.jp

    2014-08-17

    Highlights: • Low-lying three potential energy surfaces for the HNS/HSN system are developed. • Quantum scattering calculations are performed for S + NH and N + SH reactions. • NS production mechanisms from S + NH and N + SH reactions are discussed. - Abstract: The lowest three adiabatic potential energy surfaces (1{sup 1}A′, 1{sup 1}A″ and 1{sup 3}A″) of the HNS molecular system have been developed using ab initio MRCI + Q-level electronic structure calculations with a complete-basis-set approach in order to understand the NS production mechanisms from the S({sup 3}P) + NH(X{sup 3}Σ) → NS(X{sup 2}Π) + H({sup 2}S) and N({sup 4}S) + SH(X{sup 2}Π) → NS(X{sup 2}Π) + H({sup 2}S) reactions. The results of time-independent quantum reactive scattering calculations show that the reactions proceed with the contribution of both direct and HNS/HSN complex-forming mechanisms on all the three potential energy surfaces. It is found that the reaction dynamics is not entirely statistical and cannot be described with a simple capture theory despite that the reactions are barrierless with large exoergicity.

  19. Modulated High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from the Micro-quasar Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdo, A.A.; Cheung, C.C.; Dermer, C.D.; Grove, J.E.; Johnson, W.N.; Lovellette, M.N.; Makeev, A.; Ray, P.S.; Strickman, M.S.; Wood, K.S.; Abdo, A.A.; Cheung, C.C.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R.D.; Bloom, E.D.; Borgland, A.W.; Cameron, R.A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S.W.; Silva, E.D.E.; Drell, P.S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W.B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A.S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M.L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G.M.; Michelson, P.F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M.E.; Moskalenko, I.V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P.L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L.S.; Romani, R.W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J.B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T.L.; Waite, A.P.; Wang, P.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R.D.; Bloom, E.D.; Borgland, A.W.; Cameron, R.A.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Digel, S.W.; Silva, E.D.E.; Drell, P.S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W.B.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A.S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M.L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G.M.; Michelson, P.F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M.E.; Moskalenko, I.V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P.L.; Paneque, D.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L.S.; Romani, R.W.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J.B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T.L.; Waite, A.P.; Wang, P.; Axelsson, M.; Hjalmarsdotter, L.; Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Hjalmarsdotter, L.; Jackson, M.S.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.; Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J.M.; Chaty, S.; Corbel, S.; Grenier, I.A.; Koerding, E.; Rodriguez, J.; Starck, J.L.; Tibaldo, L.

    2009-01-01

    Micro-quasars are accreting black holes or neutron stars in binary systems with associated relativistic jets. Despite their frequent outburst activity, they have never been unambiguously detected emitting high-energy gamma rays. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has detected a variable high-energy source coinciding with the position of the x-ray binary and micro-quasar Cygnus X-3. Its identification with Cygnus X-3 is secured by the detection of its orbital period in gamma rays, as well as the correlation of the LAT flux with radio emission from the relativistic jets of Cygnus X-3. The gamma-ray emission probably originates from within the binary system, opening new areas in which to study the formation of relativistic jets. (authors)

  20. Crystallographic Investigations into Properties of Acentric Hybrid Perovskite Single Crystals NH(CH3)3SnX3(X = Cl, Br)

    KAUST Repository

    Dang, Yangyang; Zhong, Cheng; Zhang, Guodong; Ju, Dianxing; Wang, Lei; Xia, Shengqing; Xia, Haibing; Tao, Xutang

    2016-01-01

    substitute for the lead in the halides perovskites and solving the ambiguous crystal structures and phase transition of NH(CH3)3SnX3 (X = Cl, Br). Here, we report the bulk crystal growths and different crystal morphologies of orthorhombic hybrid perovskites

  1. CYG X-3: A GALACTIC DOUBLE BLACK HOLE OR BLACK-HOLE-NEUTRON-STAR PROGENITOR

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Belczynski, Krzysztof; Bulik, Tomasz [Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw (Poland); Mandel, Ilya [School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT (United Kingdom); Sathyaprakash, B. S. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3YB (United Kingdom); Zdziarski, Andrzej A.; Mikolajewska, Joanna [Centrum Astronomiczne im. M. Kopernika, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa (Poland)

    2013-02-10

    There are no known stellar-origin double black hole (BH-BH) or black-hole-neutron-star (BH-NS) systems. We argue that Cyg X-3 is a very likely BH-BH or BH-NS progenitor. This Galactic X-ray binary consists of a compact object, wind-fed by a Wolf-Rayet (W-R) type companion. Based on a comprehensive analysis of observational data, it was recently argued that Cyg X-3 harbors a 2-4.5 M {sub Sun} black hole (BH) and a 7.5-14.2 M {sub Sun} W-R companion. We find that the fate of such a binary leads to the prompt ({approx}< 1 Myr) formation of a close BH-BH system for the high end of the allowed W-R mass (M {sub W-R} {approx}> 13 M {sub Sun }). For the low- to mid-mass range of the W-R star (M {sub W-R} {approx} 7-10 M {sub Sun }) Cyg X-3 is most likely (probability 70%) disrupted when W-R ends up as a supernova. However, with smaller probability, it may form a wide (15%) or a close (15%) BH-NS system. The advanced LIGO/VIRGO detection rate for mergers of BH-BH systems from the Cyg X-3 formation channel is {approx}10 yr{sup -1}, while it drops down to {approx}0.1 yr{sup -1} for BH-NS systems. If Cyg X-3 in fact hosts a low-mass black hole and massive W-R star, it lends additional support for the existence of BH-BH/BH-NS systems.

  2. Synthesis and structural and magnetic characterization of the frustrated magnetic system La{sub 2}Ni{sub 4/3x}Co{sub x}Sb{sub 2/3}O{sub 6}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Franco, D.G., E-mail: diego.g.franco@cab.cnea.gov.ar [Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Centro Atómico Bariloche (CNEA), 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina); INFIQC-CONICET, Dpto. de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba (Argentina); Carbonio, R.E. [INFIQC-CONICET, Dpto. de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba (Argentina); Nieva, G. [Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Centro Atómico Bariloche (CNEA), 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina); Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo) Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro (Argentina)

    2013-11-15

    We report the synthesis of double perovskites La{sub 2}Ni{sub 4/3x}Co{sub x}Sb{sub 2/3}O{sub 6} with x=0, 1/3, 2/3 and 1 by a solid state method. Rietveld refinements of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data show that all samples crystallize in space group P2{sub 1}/n, with almost perfect occupation of the 2d octahedral site with the transition metals, while all Sb{sup 5+} are randomly distributed in a 2c octahedral site. The saturation magnetization in hysteresis loops indicates that the samples are ferrimagnetic throughout all the series. Virgin magnetization curves lie outside hysteresis loops at low temperatures and thermal evolution of H{sub m} – defined as the inflection point of these curves – follows the de Almeida–Thouless dependence for x≠0. This spin glass like behavior below 30 K is also supported by thermal evolution of the coercivity, which follows an exponential law typical of magnetic clusters, not found in the pure Ni{sup 2+} perovskite, x=0 extreme. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Author-Highlights: • We synthesized new double perovskites: La{sub 2}Ni{sub 4/3x}Co{sub x}SbO{sub 6} (x=1/3, 2/3, 1). • The cations occupying octahedral sites are highly ordered in all samples. • Magnetic transition occurs as a consequence of superexchange paths. • Frustration is found and attributed to competition between different interactions.

  3. A development of laser-plasma-based soft x-ray microscope system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nam, Ki Yong; Kim, Kyong Woo; Kim, Kyu Gyeom; Kwon, Young Man; Yoon, Kwon Ha

    2003-01-01

    Soft x-ray nano-imaging microscopy system for biomedical application with a high resolution about 50 nm has been designed and described, and its integrated techniques also have been studied. The system is mainly composed of soft x-ray generation system, nano-scaled control system, x-ray optical device like a condenser or object mirror, a CCD camera coupled with multichannel plate (MCP) and vacuum system. In the system, soft x-ray is generated from the laser-based plasma by focusing Nd:YAG laser beam on tantalum (Ta) target. In an x-ray optical system, a wolter mirror has been considering condensing the x-ray beam on a biological specimen and zone plate was adapted as an object mirror. A Si 3 N 4 was used as specimen holder for keeping a biological sample alive in atmosphere conditions. A back-illuminated-CCD camera coupled with multichannel plate was determined to set up.

  4. A development of laser-plasma-based soft x-ray microscope system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nam, Ki Yong; Kim, Kyong Woo; Kim, Kyu Gyeom; Kwon, Young Man; Yoon, Kwon Ha [X-ray Microscopy Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan (Korea, Republic of)

    2003-07-01

    Soft x-ray nano-imaging microscopy system for biomedical application with a high resolution about 50 nm has been designed and described, and its integrated techniques also have been studied. The system is mainly composed of soft x-ray generation system, nano-scaled control system, x-ray optical device like a condenser or object mirror, a CCD camera coupled with multichannel plate (MCP) and vacuum system. In the system, soft x-ray is generated from the laser-based plasma by focusing Nd:YAG laser beam on tantalum (Ta) target. In an x-ray optical system, a wolter mirror has been considering condensing the x-ray beam on a biological specimen and zone plate was adapted as an object mirror. A Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} was used as specimen holder for keeping a biological sample alive in atmosphere conditions. A back-illuminated-CCD camera coupled with multichannel plate was determined to set up.

  5. Electric conductivity of solid solutions the Cs3-2xMxPO4 (M=Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Burmakin, E.I.; Stroev, S.S.; Shekhtman, G.Sh.; Antonov, B.D.

    2003-01-01

    The solid solutions in the Cs 3-2x M x PO 4 (M=Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) system are synthesized and their thermal behavior and electric conductivity are studied. The introduction of the alkaline earth metal cations into cesium orthophosphates is accompanied by the shift of the phase transition occurring in the pure Cs 3 PO 4 at 450-620 Deg C into the low-temperature area as well as by increase in the cesium-cation conductivity at low temperatures. The electric conductivity in the area of existence of the Cs 3 PO 4 high-temperature modification slightly depends on the availability and concentration of the modifying additions, which make it possible to suppose the calcium sublattice structural disordering [ru

  6. Inequalities detecting quantum entanglement for 2 x d systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Mingjing; Wang Zhixi; Ma Teng; Fei Shaoming

    2011-01-01

    We present a set of inequalities for detecting quantum entanglement of 2 x d quantum states. For 2 x 2 and 2 x 3 systems, the inequalities give rise to sufficient and necessary separability conditions for both pure and mixed states. For the case of d>3, these inequalities are necessary conditions for separability, which detect all entangled states that are not positive under partial transposition and even some entangled states with positive partial transposition. These inequalities are given by mean values of local observables and present an experimental way of detecting the quantum entanglement of 2 x d quantum states and even multiqubit pure states.

  7. An X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of the metal site preference in Al1-xGaxFeO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walker, James D. S.; Grosvenor, Andrew P.

    2013-01-01

    Magnetoelectric materials have potential for being introduced into next generation technologies, especially memory devices. The AFeO3 (Pna21; A=Al, Ga) system has received attention to better understand the origins of magnetoelectric coupling. The magnetoelectric properties this system exhibits depend on the amount of anti-site disorder present, which is affected by the composition and the method of synthesis. In this study, Al1-xGaxFeO3 was synthesized by the ceramic method and studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Al L2,3-, Ga K-, and Fe K-edge spectra were collected to examine how the average metal coordination number changes with composition. Examination of XANES spectra from Al1-xGaxFeO3 indicate that with increasing Ga content, Al increasingly occupies octahedral sites while Ga displays a preference for occupying the tetrahedral site. The Fe K-edge spectra indicate that more Fe is present in the tetrahedral site in AlFeO3 than in GaFeO3, implying more anti-site disorder is present in AlFeO3.

  8. Magnetic-entropy change in Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.7As0.3-xGe x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tegus, O.; Fuquan, B.; Dagula, W.; Zhang, L.; Brueck, E.; Si, P.Z.; Boer, F.R. de; Buschow, K.H.J.

    2005-01-01

    We have studied the magnetic properties and magnetic-entropy changes of Mn 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 0.7 As 0.3-x Ge x compounds with x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows all the compounds crystallize in the Fe 2 P-type structure. Magnetic measurements show that the Curie temperature increases from 150 K for Mn 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 0.7 As 0.3 to 380 K for Mn 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 0.7 Ge 0.3 . A field-induced first-order magnetic phase transition is observed above the Curie temperature for the compounds with x up to 0.15. There exists an optimal composition in which the first-order phase transition is the sharpest. The optimal composition for this system is x = 0.1. The maximal magnetic-entropy change derived from the magnetization data is about 40 J/(kg K) for a field change from 0 to 3 T

  9. Double valley Dirac fermions for 3D and 2D Hg1-x Cd x Te with strong asymmetry

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marchewka, M.

    2017-04-01

    In this paper the possibility to bring about the double-valley Dirac fermions in some quantum structures is predicted. These quantum structures are: strained 3D Hg1-x Cd x Te topological insulator (TI) with strong interface inversion asymmetry and the asymmetric Hg1-x Cd x Te double quantum wells (DQW). The numerical analysis of the dispersion relation for 3D TI Hg1-x Cd x Te for the proper Cd (x)-content of the Hg1-x Cd x Te compound clearly shows that the inversion symmetry breaking together with the unaxial tensile strain causes the splitting of each of the Dirac nodes (two belonging to two interfaces) into two in the proximity of the Γ-point. Similar effects can be obtained for asymmetric Hg1-x Cd x Te DQW with the proper content of Cd and proper width of the quantum wells. The aim of this work is to explore the inversion symmetry breaking in 3D TI and 2D DQW mixed HgCdTe systems. It is shown that this symmetry breaking leads to the dependence of carriers energy on quasi-momentum similar to that of Weyl fermions.

  10. X-ray system analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shapiro, J.S.

    1985-01-01

    An X-ray system tester for measuring anode voltage, cathode voltage, anode current, filament current and line voltage in an X-ray system has a selector which couples one of these analog signals or one of a plurality of processing control signals entered by an operator from a control panel to a digitizing section selectively in accordance with control signals provided to the selector by a computing section. The digitizing section converts the selected signal into a train of pulses having a frequency proportional to the value of the selected signal. These pulses are counted, the counts being used by the computing section to determine the value of the selected signal. This computed value is stored in a computing memory section of the computing section. The computing section is adapted to store a plurality of the sets of signals produced during a corresponding sequence of operational intervals of the X-ray system and determines a measure of the deviation of any selected one of the stored electrical signals over the sequence of operating intervals. Each signal produced during the sequential operational intervals can be recalled to aid analysis of the operation of the X-ray system. (author)

  11. Phase equilibria in TlX-Cd(Zn)X (X-S, Se, Te) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gusejnov, F.Kh.; Babanly, M.B.; Kuliev, A.A.

    1982-01-01

    The methods of DTA, RPA and measurement of the alloys microhardness have been used to investigate the phase equilibria in the TlX-Zn(Cd)X systems. It is established that the TlZn(Cd)X 2 compounds, the presence of which is mentioned in the literature earlier, do not form in these systems. The TlSe-Zn(Cd)Se systems apply to the simple eutectic type and characterized by digenerated eutectic near the TlSe. Thermodynamical analysis of the liquidus of the TlSe-CdSe and TlTe-Zn(Cd)Te systems in approximation of the regular solutions, taking into account the dissociation of tallium chalcogenides in liquid phase, is made

  12. A study on magnetoelastic properties of Tb3 (Fe28-xCox) V1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gholizadeh, A.; Tajabor, N.; Pourarian, F.

    2012-01-01

    In this work, The magnetoelastic properties of polycrystalline samples of Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) intermetallic compounds are investigated by means of linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements in the temperature range of 77-515 K under applied magnetic fields up to 1.5 T. The linear thermal expansion increases with the Co content. The well-defined anomalies observed in the linear thermal expansion coefficients for Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds are associated with the magnetic ordering temperature for x=0 and spin reorientation temperatures for x=3, 6. Below transition temperatures, the value of the longitudinal magnetostriction (λ Pa ) at 1.6 T increases with Co content.

  13. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study on Ba1-xEuxTiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lu, D.-Y.; Sugano, Mikio; Sun Xiuyun; Su Wenhui

    2005-01-01

    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to study inner-shell core-level binding energies Eu 4d, Ti 2p and O 1s, Ba 3d for new single-phase Ba 1-x Eu x TiO 3 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) samples prepared by solid state reaction at 4.0 GPa and 1090 deg. C. The peak positions of binding energies determined by linear background subtraction and Gaussian fit are presented. XPS analysis indicates that the mixed-valent Eu 3+ /Eu 2+ ions at A-site and Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ ions at B-site coexisted in the Ba 1-x Eu x TiO 3 powder surface, and the amount of Eu 2+ ions is equal to Eu 3+ ions

  14. POWER, HEART RATE AND PERCEIVED EXERTION RESPONSES TO 3X3 AND 4X4 BASKETBALL SMALL-SIDED GAMES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Sampaio

    2009-01-01

    significant increase in the countermovement jump posttest jump results could suggest that the 4x4 were not played as quickly nor intensely as the 3x3. Decreases of the space and number of players in game allow greater self-recreation of players and greater intervention in game. Therefore, the heart rate response during the series displays a higher physiologic impact in 3x3 than in 4x4.

  15. Development of an X-ray imaging system with SOI pixel detectors

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nishimura, Ryutaro, E-mail: ryunishi@post.kek.jp [School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Arai, Yasuo; Miyoshi, Toshinobu [Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-IPNS), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan); Hirano, Keiichi; Kishimoto, Shunji; Hashimoto, Ryo [Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-IMSS), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 (Japan)

    2016-09-21

    An X-ray imaging system employing pixel sensors in silicon-on-insulator technology is currently under development. The system consists of an SOI pixel detector (INTPIX4) and a DAQ system based on a multi-purpose readout board (SEABAS2). To correct a bottleneck in the total throughput of the DAQ of the first prototype, parallel processing of the data taking and storing processes and a FIFO buffer were implemented for the new DAQ release. Due to these upgrades, the DAQ throughput was improved from 6 Hz (41 Mbps) to 90 Hz (613 Mbps). The first X-ray imaging system with the new DAQ software release was tested using 33.3 keV and 9.5 keV mono X-rays for three-dimensional computerized tomography. The results of these tests are presented. - Highlights: • The X-ray imaging system employing the SOI pixel sensor is currently under development. • The DAQ of the first prototype has the bottleneck in the total throughput. • The new DAQ release solve the bottleneck by parallel processing and FIFO buffer. • The new DAQ release was tested using 33.3 keV and 9.5 keV mono X-rays.

  16. Ferroelasticity in palmierite-type(1  -  x)Pb3(PO4)2 - xPb3(AsO4)2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bismayer, Ulli; Mihailova, Boriana; Angel, Ross

    2017-06-01

    Lead phosphate-arsenate Pb3(P1-x As x O4)2 undergoes an improper ferroelastic phase transition from a rhombohedral paraphase R\\bar{3}m to a monoclinic ferrophase C2/c leading to distinct twin boundary patterns. On cooling compounds with x larger than 0.8 undergo further transitions to monoclinic low-temperature phases, whereas the composition with x  =  0.8 shows order-parameter coupling phenomena. The transformation R\\bar{3}m -C2/c was described on the basis of a three-state Potts model and the existence of precursors of monoclinic clusters in the rhombohedral paraphase. The system is one of the best studied improper ferroelastics. Due to its two-mode phonon behaviour the solid solution exhibits multistep temperature- as well as pressure-driven structural transformations with different length and time scales. Relevant investigations and findings of this palmierite-type material have been made by Prof E K H Salje. Some of the most prominent results from x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and Raman scattering are reviewed, and the potential implications for domain-wall structures and engineering are discussed.

  17. Current status of X-ray system at SHI Tsukuba facility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Washio, Masakazu; Kato, Hiroo; Yamase, Yutaka; Odera, Masatoshi; Thompson, C.C.; Cleland, M.R.

    1992-01-01

    Many studies have been carried out on X-ray converter system, characteristics of the X-rays and its applications. In this paper, following items will be described. 1. Characteristics of electron beam obtained from 5 MeV Dynamitron, 2. Design and status of the X-ray converter, 3. Characteristics of converted X-ray, 4. Preliminary results of sterilization of certain microbiological reference standard. (J.P.N.)

  18. Superconducting transition temperature in the Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y) system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Suzuki, Takeyuki; Yamazaki, Tsutomu; Sekine, Ryuuta; Koukitsu, Akinori; Seki, Hisashi

    1989-04-01

    Experimental results are presented for the inclusion of compositional additives, M, to the sintered high-temperature superconductor Y(1-x)M(x)Ba2Cu3O(y); M can be the oxides of Mg, Ce, Gd, Yb, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, and Te, as well as Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, and La carbonates. Temperature dependence of the electrical resistance was measured down to about 80 K. Attention is given to the influence of ionic radius and the valence of the M species.

  19. Transport properties of the rare earth disordered systems (R1-xYbx)Ba2Cu3O7 (R = Y, Sm)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hwang, J.R.; Tai, M.F.; Ku, H.C.; Lii, K.H.

    1989-01-01

    Electrical and magnetic measurements have been carried out for the rare earth disordered superconducting copper oxide systems (Y 1-x Yb x )Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 (substitution with large rare earth mass difference) and (Sm 1-x Yb x )Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 (substitution with large rare earth ionic size difference). Effect of compositional variation upon room temperature electrical resistivity shows no disorder scattering contribution from the randomly distributed rare earth ions located on the (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) site of the space group Pmmm. This result indicates very low conduction electron density of states surrounding rare earth ions. On the contrary, negative deviation of electrical resistivity from the linear Vegard law was observed. This reduced conduction electron scattering was discussed through the variation of packing density, grain size and/or twin structure

  20. Modern X-ray spectroscopy 3. X-ray fluorescence holography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayashi, Kouichi

    2008-01-01

    X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) provides three dimensional atomic images around specified elements. The XFH uses atoms as a wave source or monitor of interference field within a crystal sample, and therefore it can record both intensity and phase of scattered X-rays. Its current performance makes it possible to apply to ultra thin film, impurity and quasicrystal. In this article, I show the theory including solutions for twin image problem, advanced measuring system, data processing for reconstruction of the atomic images and for obtaining accurate atomic positions, applications using resonant X-ray scattering and X-ray excited optical luminescence, and an example of XFH result on the local structure around copper in silicon steal. (author)

  1. Electrical transport in low-lead (1-x)BaTiO3xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    J. SUCHANICZ; K. KONIECZNY; K. ŚWIERCZEK; M. LIPIŃSKI; M. KARPIERZ; D. SITKO; H. CZTERNASTEK; K. KLUCZEWSKA

    2017-01-01

    Low-lead (1-x)BaTiO3xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, and 0.15) were prepared by the conventional oxide mixed sintering process, and their optical band gap, Seebeck coefficient, ac ( σac ) and dc ( σdc ) conductivities as a function of temperature were investigated for the first time. It was found that all samples have p-type conductivity. The low-frequency (20 Hz–2 MHz) ac conductivity obeys a power law σac ~ ωs , which is characteristic for disordered materials. The frequency exponent s is a decreasing function of temperature and tends to zero at high temperature. σac is proportional to ω0.07 – ω0.31 in the low-frequency region and to ω0.51 – ω0.98 in the high-temperature region. The temperature dependence of the dc conductivity showed a change in slope around the temperature at which the phase transition appeared. Both ac and dc conductivities showed a thermally activated character and possessed linear parts with different activation energies and some irregular changes. It was found that the hopping charge carriers dominate at low temperature and small polarons and oxygen vacancies dominate at higher temperature. (1-x)BaTiO3xPbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics are expected to be promising new candidate for low-lead electronic materials.

  2. Moessbauer studies of the LiAl sub(5-x) Fe sub(x) O8 and LiGa sub(5-x) Fe sub(x) O8 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barthem, V.M.T.S.; Maria Neto, J.; Souza Barros, F. de

    1982-01-01

    Comparative Moessbauer studies of the LiGa sub(5-x) Fe sub(x) O 8 and LiAl sub(5-x) Fe sub(x) O 8 systems are shown. The characteristics of the Moessbauer spectra, obtained with LiGa 5 O 8 samples with 0,1% of Fe 3+ , differ drastically from that observed with LiAl 5 O 8 with the same three-valent iron concentration. All these differences are related to the more covalent character of the gallium-oxygen binding, when compared with the aluminium-oxygen one. (L.C.) [pt

  3. Factorized tree-level scattering in AdS4 x CP3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kalousios, Chrysostomos; Vergu, C.; Volovich, Anastasia

    2009-01-01

    AdS 4 /CFT 3 duality relating IIA string theory on AdS 4 x CP 3 to N = 6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory provides an arena for studying aspects of integrability in a new potentially exactly solvable system. In this paper we explore the tree-level worldsheet scattering for strings on AdS 4 x CP 3 . We compute all bosonic four-, five- and six-point amplitudes in the gauge-fixed action and demonstrate the absence of particle production.

  4. Very high-energy gamma-ray signature of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration in Centaurus A

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joshi, Jagdish C.; Miranda, Luis Salvador; Razzaque, Soebur; Yang, Lili

    2018-04-01

    The association of at least a dozen ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) events with energy ≳ 55 EeV detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) from the direction of Centaurus-A, the nearest radio galaxy, supports the scenario of UHECR acceleration in the jets of radio galaxies. In this work, we model radio to very high energy (VHE,≳ 100 GeV) γ-ray emission from Cen A, including GeV hardness detected by Fermi-LAT and TeV emission detected by HESS. We consider two scenarios: (i) Two zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) and external-Compton (EC) models, (ii) Two zone SSC, EC and photo-hadronic emission from cosmic ray interactions. The GeV hardness observed by Fermi-LAT can be explained using these two scenarios, where zone 2 EC emission is very important. Hadronic emission in scenario (ii) can explain VHE data with the same spectral slope as obtained through fitting UHECRs from Cen A. The peak luminosity in cosmic ray proton at 1 TeV, to explain the VHE γ-ray data is ≈2.5 × 1046 erg/s. The bolometric luminosity in cosmic ray protons is consistent with the luminosity required to explain the origin of 13 UHECR signal events that are correlated with Cen A.

  5. Combined optic system based on polycapillary X-ray optics and single-bounce monocapillary optics for focusing X-rays from a conventional laboratory X-ray source

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sun, Xuepeng; Liu, Zhiguo [The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875 (China); Sun, Tianxi, E-mail: stx@bnu.edu.cn [The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875 (China); Yi, Longtao; Sun, Weiyuan; Li, Fangzuo; Jiang, Bowen [The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875 (China); Ma, Yongzhong [Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing 100013 (China); Ding, Xunliang [The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China); Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875 (China)

    2015-12-01

    Two combined optic systems based on polycapillary X-ray optics and single-bounce monocapillary optics (SBMO) were designed for focusing the X-rays from a conventional laboratory X-ray source. One was based on a polycapillary focusing X-ray lens (PFXRL) and a single-bounce ellipsoidal capillary (SBEC), in which the output focal spot with the size of tens of micrometers of the PFXRL was used as the “virtual” X-ray source for the SBEC. The other system was based on a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL) and a single-bounce parabolic capillary (SBPC), in which the PPXRL transformed the divergent X-ray beam from an X-ray source into a quasi-parallel X-ray beam with the divergence of sever milliradians as the incident illumination of the SBPC. The experiment results showed that the combined optic systems based on PFXRL and SBEC with a Mo rotating anode X-ray generator with the focal spot with a diameter of 300 μm could obtain a focal spot with the total gain of 14,300 and focal spot size of 37.4 μm, and the combined optic systems based on PPXRL and SBPC with the same X-ray source mentioned above could acquire a focal spot with the total gain of 580 and focal spot size of 58.3 μm, respectively. The two combined optic systems have potential applications in micro X-ray diffraction, micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray absorption near edge structure, full field X-ray microscopes and so on.

  6. Spin density wave in (Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x})S{sub 4} and the coexistence of normal and condensate states: A Moessbauer study

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Embaid, B.P., E-mail: pembaid@fisica.ciens.ucv.ve [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47586, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Gonzalez-Jimenez, F. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Escuela de Fisica, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47586, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas 1041-A (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)

    2013-03-15

    Iron-vanadium sulfides of the monoclinic system Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x}S{sub 4} (1.0{<=}x{<=}2.0) have been investigated by {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy in the temperature range 30-300 K. Incommensurate spin density waves (SDW) have been found in this system. An alternative treatment of the spectra allows a direct measurement of the temperature evolution of condensate density of the SDW state which follows the Maki-Virosztek formula. For composition (x=1.0) the SDW condensate is unpinned while for compositions (x>1.0) the SDW condensate is pinned. Possible causes of the pinning-unpinning SDW will be discussed. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fe{sub x}V{sub 3-x}S{sub 4}(1.0{<=}x{<=}2.0) system was investigated by {sup 57}Fe Moessbauer Spectroscopy. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) has been found in this system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We report the temperature evolution of the condensate density of SDW state. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For composition (x=1.0) the SDW is unpinned while for (x>1.0) is pinned.

  7. Optimizing magnetic anisotropy of La{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rashid, Amin ur [Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan); Department of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan); Manzoor, Sadia, E-mail: sadia_manzoor@comsats.edu.pk [Magnetism Laboratory, Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad (Pakistan)

    2016-12-15

    Maximizing the magnetothermal response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP's) for hyperthermia applications is a complex problem, because it depends sensitively upon interrelated magnetic and structural parameters. The task is somewhat simpler for systems with fixed composition, e.g. Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} or CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, in which the particle size is the only means of modifying the magnetic anisotropy, and hence the magnetothermal response. In the La{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} system however, the magnetic interactions as well as the particle size both change with the Sr concentration x, which makes it a much more complex system for which to optimize the hyperthermia response. We have investigated the effect of magnetic anisotropy on the magnetothermal response of La{sub 1−x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanoparticles as a function of the particle size as well as the Sr concentration x where 0.20≤x≤0.45. The optimum particle size range is 25–30 nm for all concentrations, where the specific absorption rate (SAR) has a maximum. The linear response theory (LRT) has been applied to this system and good agreement has been found between the experimental and theoretically determined values of the SAR for samples lying in the single domain regime and having large enough anisotropy energies. The agreement is much better for the intermediate concentrations of 0.27 and 0.33, because of their large anisotropy as compared to other concentrations. It is concluded that the LRT can be successfully used to predict the SAR of these nanoparticles, provided they possess large enough effective anisotropies. Values of the ILP have been obtained for these samples and found to be comparable to those of magnetite and some commercial ferrofluids. - Highlights: • For La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3} system, the magnetic anisotropy is determined not only by the particle size, but also by the strontium content x, we made a systematic study of both these parameters on its magnetothermal

  8. CYGNUS X-3: ITS LITTLE FRIEND’S COUNTERPART, THE DISTANCE TO CYGNUS X-3, AND OUTFLOWS/JETS

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    McCollough, M. L.; Dunham, M. M. [Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Corrales, L., E-mail: mmccollough@cfa.harvard.edu [Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States)

    2016-10-20

    Chandra observations have revealed a feature within 16″ of Cygnus X-3 that varied in phase with Cygnus X-3. This feature was shown to be a Bok globule that is along the line of sight to Cygnus X-3. We report on observations made with the Submillimeter Array to search for molecular emission from this globule, also known as Cygnus X-3's “Little Friend.” We have found a counterpart in both {sup 12}CO (2-1) and {sup 13}CO (2-1) emission. From the velocity shift of the molecular lines we are able to find two probable distances based on the Bayesian model of Milky Way kinematics of Reid et al. For the LF velocity of −47.5 km s{sup −1}, we find distances of 6.1 ± 0.6 kpc (62% probability) and 7.8 ± 0.6 kpc (38% probability). This yields distances to Cyg X-3 of 7.4 ± 1.1 kpc and 10.2 ± 1.2 kpc, respectively. Based on the probabilities entailed, we take 7.4 ± 1.1 kpc as the preferred distance to Cyg X-3. We also report the discovery of bipolar molecular outflow, suggesting that there is active star formation occurring within the Little Friend.

  9. Combination use of lentinan with x-ray therapy in mouse experimental tumor system, (3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shiio, Tsuyoshi; Ohishi, Kazuo; Niitsu, Iwayasu; Hayashibara, Hiromi; Tsuchiya, Yoshiharu; Yoshihama, Takashi; Moriyuki, Hirobumi

    1988-01-01

    Combination effect of lentinan with X-ray irradiation on the metastatic mouse tumors, L1210, KLN205 and Lewis lung carcinoma were studied. Combination use of lentinan with X-ray therapy prolonged the life of BDF 1 mice bearing L1210 leukemia in the suitable combination conditions. Combination effects of lentinan with X-ray therapy were also observed on the suppression of the growth of KLN205 squamus cell carcinoma and on the suppression of the metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma. Especially, in the case that lentinan was administered before or after X-ray local irradiation in the pulmorary metastasis system of Lewis lung carcinoma, a marked suppressin of pulmonary metastasis was observed and 2 to 4 mice among 8 tested mice were tumor free. (author)

  10. Synthesis, structure and superconductivity in Ba1-xKxBiO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hinks, D.G.

    1989-01-01

    Ba 1-x K x BiO 3 (with x = 0.4) has the highest T c (30 K) of any copperless compound. The superconducting transition temperature of this material is expected to be at the limit of conventional electron-phonon coupling. Since this material is much simpler than the copper containing high-T c superconductors (it is cubic in its superconducting state and only sp electrons are involved in the transport properties), it should be much easier to unravel the nature of the superconducting pairing mechanism in this system. Understanding this system may help explain superconductivity in the more complex copper-oxide materials. In this paper, the authors report on the development of a synthesis method which allows the preparation of stoichiometric, single-phase materials with x between 0.0 and 0.5. The structural phase diagram was determined using powder neutron diffraction as a function of both composition and temperature. Superconductivity only occurs in the cubic perovskite phase which is stable for x larger than 0.3. At a x = 0.3 composition the material undergoes a semiconductor to metal transition with a maximum value for T c . As the K content is further increased, T c is reduced

  11. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Ti4+ doped Li3-xFe2-xTix(PO4)3/C cathode materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Zhanqiang; Huang Fuqiang; Sun Junkang

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Li 3-x Fe 2-x Ti x (PO 4 ) 3 /C composite cathodes were prepared by ball-milling method. Ti-doping can improve the electrochemical property of Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . → The optimized doping level was found to be x = 0.2. → The second phase of LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 will emerge if the doping level higher than 0.2. - Abstract: Li 3-x Fe 2-x Ti x (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x = 0-0.4) cathodes designed with Fe doped by Ti was studied. Both Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x = 0) and Li 2.8 Fe 1.8 Ti 0.2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (x = 0.2) possess two plateau potentials of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ couple (around 2.8 V and 2.7 V vs. Li + /Li) upon discharge observed from galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry. Li 2.8 Fe 1.8 Ti 0.2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C has higher reversibility and better capacity retention than that of the undoped Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C. A much higher specific capacity of 122.3 mAh/g was obtained at C/20 in the first cycle, approaching the theoretical capacity of 128 mAh/g, and a capacity of 100.1 mAh/g was held at C/2 after the 20th cycle.

  12. Isothermal phase transition and the transition temperature limitation in the lead-free (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Dawei; Yao, Yonggang; Fang, Minxia; Luo, Zhengdong; Zhang, Lixue; Li, Linglong; Cui, Jian; Zhou, Zhijian; Bian, Jihong; Ren, Xiaobing; Yang, Yaodong

    2016-01-01

    Most ferroelectric transitions occur ultrafast and are time independent. However, here in (1-x) (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 , we have found a ferroelectric phase transition induced solely by increasing waiting time at certain temperatures (isothermal phase transition). Through cooling, a unique metastable state between a relaxor ferroelectric and a ferroelectric is unveiled, which in essence is initially a short-range ordered glassy state and then can evolve into a long-range ordered ferroelectric state through the isothermal process. It is also found that these isothermal ferroelectric transitions only occur within a specific temperature region with different waiting time needed. These features of isothermal phase transition can be understood by Landau theory analysis with the consideration of random defects as a competition between the thermodynamically favored long-range ordered state and the kinetically frustrated short-range ordered glassy state from random defects. This study offers a precise experimental as well as a phenomenological interpretation on the isothermal ferroelectric transition, which may help to further clarify the intricate structure-property relationship in this important lead-free piezoelectric material and other related systems.

  13. Electrical resistivity of the pseudo-binary system Ce(Fe sub(1-x)Alsub(x))sub(2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takeushi, A.Y.; Cunha, S.F. da.

    1983-01-01

    The electrical and magnetic properties of the Laves phase system Ce(Fe sub(1-x) Al sub(x)) 2 for x 2 is destroyed and that a spin glass phase leads to a minimum in the total resistivity with T sub(2 min) proportional to x. The freezing temperature T sub(f) are always smaller than T sub(2 min) and it appears a negative coefficient of the AT sup(3/2) dependence below T sub(f). The minimum in dp/dt is well correlated with T sub(f). (Author) [pt

  14. Structure-property relations in sputter deposited epitaxial (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- xPbTiO3 thin films

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frederick, Joshua C.

    Lead-based ferroelectric materials are of significant technological importance for sensing and actuation due to their high piezoelectric performance (i.e., the ability to convert an electrical signal to mechanical displacement, and vice versa). Traditionally, bulk ceramic or single crystals materials have filled these roles; however, emerging technologies stand to benefit by incorporating thin films to achieve miniaturization while maintaining high efficiency and sensitivity. Currently, chemical systems that have been well characterized in bulk form (e.g. Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- xPbTiO3, or PMN-xPT) require further study to optimize both the chemistry and structure for deployment in thin film devices. Furthermore, the effect of internal electric fields is more significant at the length scales of thin films, resulting in self biases that require compensation to reveal their intrinsic dielectric response. To this end, the structure-property relations of epitaxial PMN-xPT films sputter deposited on a variety of substrates were investigated. Attention was paid to how the structure (i.e., strain state, crystal structure, domain configuration, and defects) gave rise to the ferroelectric, dielectric, and piezoelectric response. Three-dimensional visualization of the dielectric response as a simultaneous function of electric field and temperature revealed the true phase transition of the films, which was found to correspond to the strain state and defect concentration. A lead-buffered anneal process was implemented to enhance the ferroelectric and dielectric response of the films without altering their stoichiometry. It was discovered that PMN- xPT films could be domain-engineered to exhibit a mixed domain state through chemistry and substrate choice. Such films exhibited a monoclinic distortion similar to that of the bulk compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary. Finally, it was revealed that the piezoelectric response could be greatly enhanced by declamping the film

  15. Sequential evolution of different phases in metastable Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) system: crucial role of reaction conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shukla, Rakesh; Sayed, Farheen N; Phapale, Suhas; Mishra, Ratikant; Tyagi, Avesh K

    2013-07-15

    The Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) series was synthesized by the gel combustion method. This system exhibited the presence of a fluorite-type phase, along with a narrow biphasic region, depending upon the Ce/Gd content in the sample. Thermal stability of these new compounds under oxidizing and reducing conditions has been investigated. The products obtained on decomposition of Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 in oxidizing and reducing conditions were found to be entirely different. It was observed that in air the fluorite-type solid solutions of Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 composition undergo phase separation into perovskite GdAlO3 and fluorite-type solid solutions of Gd-Ce-Zr-O or Ce-Zr-Al-O depending upon the extent of Ce and Al substitution. On the other hand, Gd(2-x)Ce(x)Zr(2-x)Al(x)O7 samples on heating under reducing conditions show a phase separation to CeAlO3 perovskite and a defect-fluorite of Gd2Zr2O7. The extent of metastability for a typical composition of Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O7 (nano), Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O(6.6) (heated under reduced conditions), Gd(1.2)Ce(0.8)Zr(1.2)Al(0.8)O7 (heated in air at 1200 °C) has been experimentally determined employing a high temperature Calvet calorimeter. On the basis of thermodynamic stability data, it could be inferred that the formation of a more stable compound in the presence of two competing cations (i.e., Gd(3+) and Ce(3+)) is guided by the crystallographic stability.

  16. First principles investigation of half-metallicity and spin gapless semiconductor in CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 mixed perovskites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, H. M.; Zhu, Z. W.; Zhang, C. K.; He, Z. D.; Luo, S. J.

    2018-04-01

    The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid mixed perovskites CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 ( x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) in cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases have been investigated by first-principles calculation. The results indicate that the tetragonal CH3NH3Cr0.75Pb0.25I3 is a spin gapless semiconductor with Curie temperature of 663 K estimated using mean field approximation. All other CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 mixed perovskites are half-metallic ferromagnets together with 100% spin polarization, and their total magnetic moment are 4.00, 8.00, 12.00 and 16.00 µB per unit cell for x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00, respectively. The effect of , and orientation of organic cation CH3NH3 + on the electronic properties of CH3NH3Cr0.50Pb0.50I3 was investigated. The results show that the CH3NH3 + in different orientations have a slight effect on the lattice constants, the energy gap in minority-spin states, half-metallic gap, local magnetic moment, and Curie temperature.

  17. Mn-substituted perovskites RECoxMn1-xO3: a comparison between magnetic properties of LaCoxMn1-xO3 and GdCoxMn1-xO3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barahona, P.

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Cooperative phenomena constitute important mechanisms to explain the magnetic properties of the perovskite manganites REMnO3, in which the rare-earth and/or Mn is partially replaced by divalent elements. In this way, the manganese ion changes its valence state (Mn3+ Mn4+, triggering strong magnetic interactions. In this work we describe the case of GdCoxMn1-xO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 for which the antiferromagnetic interaction between the Gd sublattice and the Mn/Co network leads to a reversal of the magnetic moment at low temperature. No inversion is observed for the LaCoxMn1-xO3 series, in which the ordering temperature may attain a maximum of 235 K for LaCo0.50Mn0.50O3, while it is only 120 K for similar Co/Mn ratio in the case of GdCo0.50Mn0.50O3. Magnetic properties are described in terms of two regimes: one, for x 3 manganite and another one, for x > 0.5, when Mn substitutes Co in the GdCoO3 cobaltite, while the magnetic interactions are maximized at x(Co = 0.50. This hypothesis is discussed in terms of the respective oxidation states of both manganese (Mn3+ / Mn4+ and cobalt (Co2+ / Co3+.El fenómeno cooperativo constituye un importante mecanismo para explicar las propiedades magnéticas de las perovskitas manganitas TRMnO3, en las que el catión de tierra rara, TR, y/o el catión Mn3+ son parcialmente reemplazados por cationes divalentes. Por esta vía el ión de manganeso cambia de estado de valencia (Mn3+ Mn4+, generando fuertes interacciones magnéticas. En el presente trabajo se describe el caso de las soluciones sólidas GdCoxMn1-xO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 para las que la interacción antiferromagnética entre la subred del Gd3+ y la red Mn/Co lleva a una inversión del momento magnético a baja temperatura. No se ha observado inversión para la serie LaCoxMn1-xO3, en que la temperatura de orden puede alcanzar un máximo de 235K para LaCo0.50Mn0.50O3, mientras que en el caso de GdCo0.50Mn0.50O3, en que sí se observa inversión, la

  18. Effect of grain boundary layer strain on the magnetic and transport properties of (100-x) La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/(x) BaTiO3 composites showing enhanced magnetoresistance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bose, Esa; Taran, S.; Karmakar, S.; Chaudhuri, B.K.; Pal, S.; Sun, C.P.; Yang, H.D.

    2007-01-01

    A ferromagnetic/ferroelectric composite system, viz. (100-x)La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 [LCMO]/(x) BaTiO 3 [BTO] (with x=0.0%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0% and 15.0%, in wt%) has been synthesized and the temperature-dependent DC magnetization M(T), resistivity ρ(T), magnetoresistance (MR), and thermoelectric power S(T) have been studied. Both metal-insulator transition temperature (T MI ) and the corresponding Curie temperature (T C ) decrease whereas peak resistivity at T MI increases as x is enhanced from 0.0% to 10.0%. For x>10.0%, this trend of variation is reversed. A maximum three-fold increase of magnetoresistance (MR) is observed (for sample with x=10.0%) due to the addition of ferroelectric (non-magnetic) perovskite BTO (compared to the mother compound LCMO). Interestingly, thermoelectric power S(T) shows a pronounced depression (dip) near the magnetic transition region for the composite samples. The above results have been analyzed considering strain induced by the LCMO/BTO grain boundary layer (BL)

  19. Temperature dependent changes of the Mn 3d and 4p bands near $T_{c}$ in Colossal Magnetoresistance systems : a XANES study of $La_{1-x}Ca_{x}MnO_{3}$

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bridges, F; Booth, C. H.; Kwei, G. H.; Neumeier, J. J.; Sawatzky, G. A.

    2000-01-01

    Abstract: We report high-resolution X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES)measurements at the Mn K-edge as a function of temperature, forLa$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$MnO$_3$ samples, with a focus mainly on the pre-edge region.Small peaks labeled A$_1$-A$_3$ are observed which corresponds to

  20. Polarization dependence of resonant X-ray emission spectra in 3dn transition metal compounds with n=0, 1, 2, 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Matsubara, Masahiko; Kotani, Akio; Shin, Shik; Uozumi, Takayuki; Harada, Yoshihisa

    2002-01-01

    The polarization dependence of 2p → 3d → 2p resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) in 3d 1 , 3d 2 and 3d 3 systems (TiF 3 , VF 3 and Cr 2 O 3 , respectively) is measured and analyzed by means of the MX 6 (M denotes a transition metal and X denotes a ligand, respectively) cluster model. The results are compared with a previous one for the 3d 0 system (TiO 2 ). Generally, with increasing 3d electron number, the spectral structure of RXES becomes more complicated by the influence of the crystal field and the multiplet coupling effect. Moreover, we point out that the selection rules on the polarization dependence of RXES change with the 3d electron number and that a drastic resonance enhancement corresponding to the excitation to an antibonding state in the 3d 0 system is almost absent for the 3d n systems with n=1, 2 and 3. (author)

  1. Magnetic ground state of Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Saoudi, M.; Deportes, J.; Ouladdiaf, B. E-mail: ouladdiaf@ill.fr

    2001-06-01

    The magnetic ground states of the Laves phases Ti{sub 1-x}Sc{sub x}Fe{sub 2} system have been investigated by means of powder neutron diffraction and magnetisation techniques. For x=0.23, a transition is observed from a collinear ferromagnet along the c-axis to a canted one at T{sub f}=200 K. For x=0.27, 0.3, 0.33, an additional first-order transition is observed at T{sub t1}{approx}120 K accompanied by a large magnetovolume anomaly associated to a jump of the magnetic moment of the Fe atoms at the 2a site. The magnetic moment instability in a frustrated lattice should be considered to interpret this transition, although most of the other magnetic states can be discussed within Moriya's theory for itinerant electron systems with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations.

  2. Photoluminescence of trivalent rare earths in perovskite stacking polytypes Ba/sub 2/Lasub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/MgW/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/, Ba/sub 6/Ysub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/W/sub 3/vacantO/sub 18/, and Sr/sub 8/SrGdsub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/W/sub 4/vacantO/sub 24/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kemmler-Sack, S [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

    1981-12-01

    Rhombohedral 12 L staking polytypes Ba/sub 2/Lasub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/MgW/sub 2/vacantO/sub 12/ show with RE/sup 3 +/ = Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; the 18 L stacking polytypes Ba/sub 6/Ysub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/W/sub 3/vacantO/sub 18/ and the polymorphic perovskites Sr/sub 8/SrGdsub(2-x)REsub(x)/sup 3 +/W/sub 4/vacantO/sub 24/ with RE/sup 3 +/ = Sm, Eu, Dy, Ho, Er visible photoluminescence. The concentration dependence and the influence of the coordination number of the rare earth are reported.

  3. Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties of two new layered cadmium iodates: Cd(IO3)X (X=Cl, OH)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Bing-Ping; Mao, Jiang-Gao

    2014-01-01

    Systematic explorations of new compounds in the cadmium iodate system by hydrothermal reactions led to two layered iodates, namely, Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH). Cd(IO 3 )Cl crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmca (No. 64) whereas Cd(IO 3 )(OH) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62). Cd(IO 3 )Cl displays a unique double layered structure composed of 1 ∞ [Cd−O 3 Cl] n chains. Cadmium octahedrons form a 1D chain along the a-axis through edge sharing, and such chains are further interconnected via IO 3 groups to form a special double layer on (020) plane. Cd(IO 3 )(OH) also exhibits a layered structure that is composed of cadmium cations, IO 3 groups and hydroxyl ions. Within a layer, chains of CdO 6 edge-shared octahedra are observed along the b-axis. And these chains are connected by IO 3 groups into a layer parallel to the bc plane. Spectroscopic characterizations, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis for the reported two compounds are also presented. - Graphical abstract: Two new layered cadmium iodates Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH) are reported. Cd(IO 3 )Cl features a unique double layered structure whereas Cd(IO 3 )(OH) displays an ordinary layered structure. - Highlights: • Two new layered cadmium iodates Cd(IO 3 )X (X=Cl, OH) are reported. • Cd(IO 3 )Cl features a unique double layered structure. • Cd(IO 3 )(OH) displays an ordinary layered structure. • The spectroscopic and thermal properties have been studied in detail

  4. Microscopic evidence for significant ionic disorder in the Yb sup 3 sup + -chain in Yb sub 4 (As sub 1 sub - sub x P sub x) sub 3 : sup 3 sup 1 P NMR studies

    CERN Document Server

    Tanida, H; Aoki, H; Ochiai, A

    2003-01-01

    We report unambiguous microscopic evidence from sup 3 sup 1 P NMR under H sub e sub x sub t approx = 7.3 T for significant ionic disorder in the Yb sup 3 sup + chain in Yb sub 4 (As sub 1 sub - sub x P sub x) sub 3 (x=0.05 and 0.40), which have similar characteristic chi(T) and C sub p (T, H sub e sub x sub t) behavior to the antiferromagnetic quantum spin chain (AFQSC) system Yb sub 4 As sub 3. Our conclusion is based on the observations only below the charge-ordering transition at T sub 0 approx = 292 K of clear structures in the spectrum, which can be fitted well by the superpositions of almost equally spaced five Gaussian components. Since perfect ordering of Yb sup 3 sup + in the chain sites would lead to a single-line spectrum also below T sub 0 , the structures should be ascribed to significant ionic disorder in the Yb sup 3 sup + chain and resulting distribution of local configurations of Yb sup 3 sup + in the eight nearest-neighboring Yb sites around sup 3 sup 1 P. Quantitative comparisons with a sim...

  5. Material Discriminated X-Ray CT System by Using New X-Ray Imager with Energy Discriminate Function

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Toru Aoki

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Material discriminated X-ray CT system has been constructed by using conventional X-ray tube (white X-ray source and photon-counting X-ray imager as an application with energy band detection. We have already reported material identify X-ray CT using K-shell edge method elsewhere. In this report the principle of material discrimination was adapted the separation of electron-density and atomic number from attenuation coefficient mapping in X-ray CT reconstructed image in two wavelength X-ray CT method using white X-ray source and energy discriminated X-ray imager by using two monochrome X-ray source method. The measurement phantom was prepared as four kinds material rods (Carbon(C, Iron(Fe, Copper(Cu, Titanium(Ti rods of 3mm-diameter inside an aluminum(Al rod of 20mm-diameter. We could observed material discriminated X-ray CT reconstructed image, however, the discrimination properties were not good than two monochrome X-ray CT method. This results was could be explained because X-ray scattering, beam-hardening and so on based on white X-ray source, which could not observe in two monochrome X-ray CT method. However, since our developed CdTe imager can be detect five energy-bands at the same time, we can use multi-band analysis to decrease the least square error margin. We will be able to obtain more high separation in atomic number mapping in X-ray CT reconstructed image by using this system.

  6. Evolution of Cygnus X-3 through its Radio and X-ray States

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Szostek, A.; Zdziarski, A. A.; McCollough, M. L.

    2009-01-01

    Based on X-ray spectra and studies of the long-term correlated behavior between radio and soft X-ray, we present a detailed evolution of Cyg X-3 through its radio and X-ray states. We comment on the nature of the hard X-ray tail and possible Simbol X contribution in constraining the models.

  7. Evolution of Cygnus X-3 through its Radio and X-ray States

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szostek, A.; Zdziarski, A. A.; McCollough, M. L.

    2009-05-01

    Based on X-ray spectra and studies of the long-term correlated behavior between radio and soft X-ray, we present a detailed evolution of Cyg X-3 through its radio and X-ray states. We comment on the nature of the hard X-ray tail and possible Simbol X contribution in constraining the models.

  8. Structural aspects and the conduction mechanism of Ln(Ba{sub 2-x}Pr{sub x})Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7+{delta}} (Ln=Tm,Lu)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mokhtari, Z.; Akhavan, M. [Magnet Research Laboratory (MRL), Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9161, Tehran (Iran)

    2007-09-15

    TmBa{sub 2-x}Pr {sub x}Cu {sub 3}O {sub 7+{delta}} and LuBa {sub 2-x}Pr {sub x}Cu {sub 3}O {sub 7+{delta}} samples with 0.0 < x {<=} 1.0 have been prepared by a solid-state reaction technique. The occurrence of the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition, increasing of oxygen content with the increase of Pr doping, and the existence of solubility limit in both systems confirm the correct substitution of Pr at Ba sites. The solubility limit for Pr in the Lu-based samples is less than 0.7, which is less than x = 0.90 for the Tm-based samples. The T {sub c} depression versus doping content in both systems shows that depression of superconductivity by Pr at Ba sites is mostly due to the hole-filling/localization effects. Also, in the Tm-based system, the metal-insulator transition occurs at x {sub c}{sup MIT} {approx} 0.30, and the superconductor-insulator transition occurs at x {sub c}{sup SIT} = 0.45, but in the Lu-based system, x {sub c}{sup MIT} {approx} 0.35 and x {sub c}{sup SIT} = 0.50. In the normal state, for both systems with x < x {sub c}{sup MIT}, the Coulomb gap phase is dominant, whereas for the samples with Pr content x {sub c}{sup MIT} {<=} x < x {sub cc}{sup SIT}, two-dimensional variable-range hopping, and for x > x {sub c}{sup SIT}, three-dimensional variable-range hopping are the dominant conduction mechanisms. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  9. Mobile X-ray radiographic systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buchmann, F.

    1990-01-01

    Mobile X-ray radiography equipment consists of the X-ray source with the generator and the switching and control devices, mounted on a mobile unit for transport to the patient to be examined. These mobile systems, just as the stationary equipment, have been profiting from the technological progress made in the area of X-ray generation, and the considerable improvements thus achieved have altered not only the value of these systems, but also their applicability which frequently comes near that of stationary equipment. (orig./GDG) [de

  10. Initial evaluation of image performance of a 3-D x-ray system: phantom-based comparison of 3-D tomography with conventional computed tomography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benz, Robyn Melanie; Garcia, Meritxell Alzamora; Amsler, Felix; Voigt, Johannes; Fieselmann, Andreas; Falkowski, Anna Lucja; Stieltjes, Bram; Hirschmann, Anna

    2018-01-01

    Phantom-based initial performance assessment of a prototype three-dimensional (3-D) x-ray system and comparison of 3-D tomography with computed tomography (CT) were proposed. A 3-D image quality phantom was scanned with a prototype version of 3-D cone-beam CT imaging implemented on a twin robotic x-ray system using three trajectories (163 deg = table, 188 deg = upright, and 200 deg = side), six tube voltages (60, 70, 81, 90, 100, and 121 kV), and four detector doses (0.348, 0.696, 1.740, and [Formula: see text]). CT was obtained with a clinical protocol. Spatial resolution (line pairs/cm) and soft-tissue-contrast resolution were assessed by two independent readers. Radiation dose was assessed. Descriptive and analysis of variance (ANOVA) ([Formula: see text]) were performed. With 3-D tomography, a maximum of 16 lp/cm was visible and best soft-tissue-contrast resolution was 2 mm at 30 Hounsfield units (HU) for 160 projections. With CT, 10 lp/cm was visible and soft-tissue-contrast resolution was 4 mm at 20 HU. The upright trajectory yielded significantly better spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast, and the side trajectory yielded significantly higher soft tissue contrast than the table trajectory ([Formula: see text]). Radiation dose was higher in 3-D tomography (45 to 704 mGycm) than CT (44 mGycm). Three-dimensional tomography renders overall equal or higher spatial resolution and comparable soft tissue contrast to CT for medium- and high-dose protocols in the side and upright trajectories, but with higher radiation doses.

  11. Unexpected observations of muons from Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Elbert, J.W.

    1986-01-01

    One surface experiment (Kiel) and two underground experiments (Soudan and Mt. Blanc) have detected unexpectedly large fluxes of cosmic ray muons from the approximate direction of Cygnus X-3, with signals showing the precise period of the system. The muon signals cannot be produced by any known type of elementary particle unless unexpected processes are involved

  12. Designing new lithium-excess cathode materials from percolation theory: nanohighways in Li(x)Ni(2-4x/3)Sb(x/3)O2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Twu, Nancy; Li, Xin; Urban, Alexander; Balasubramanian, Mahalingam; Lee, Jinhyuk; Liu, Lei; Ceder, Gerbrand

    2015-01-14

    Increasing lithium content is shown to be a successful strategy for designing new cathode materials. In layered Li(x)Ni(2-4x/3)Sb(x/3)O2 (x = 1.00-1.15), lithium excess improves both discharge capacity and capacity retention at 1C. Structural studies reveal a complex nanostructure pattern of Li-Sb and Ni-Sb ordering where the interface between these domains forms the correct local configuration for good lithium mobility. The <1 nm Li-Sb stripe domains and their interfaces thereby effectively act as nanohighways for lithium diffusion.

  13. The systems cerium(3) (samarium) nitrate-quinoline nitrate-water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Khisaeva, D.A.; Zhuravlev, E.F.; Semenova, Eh.B.

    1982-01-01

    Using the method of cross sections at 25 and 50 deg C the solubility in the systems cerium (3) nitrate-quinoline nitrate-water and samarium nitrate-quinoline nitrate-water has been studied. It is established that in the systems during chemical interaction of components congruently melting compounds of the composition: Ce(NO 3 ) 2 x2[C 9 H 7 NxHNO 3 ]x6H 2 O and Sm(NO 3 ) 3 x2[C 9 H 7 NxHNO 3 ]x2H 2 O are formed. New solid phases are separated preparatively and are subjected to chemical, differential thermal and IR spectroscopic analyses. The investigation results are compared with similar ones for nitrates of other representatives of lanthanide group

  14. Two digital X-ray imaging systems for applications in X-ray diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bateman, J.E.; Connolly, J.F.; Stephenson, R.; Flesher, A.C.; Tucker, P.A.; Swanton, S.W.

    1987-01-01

    Two digital X-ray imaging systems developed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory are described: the Mark I and the Mark II. Both use a bidimensionally sensitive multiwire proportional counter (MWPC) as the basic X-ray image transducer coupled, in the case of the Mark I to a Digital LSI 11-23 microcomputer system via CAMAC, and in the case of the Mark II to a Digital LSI 11-73 microcomputer system via custom-built data acquisition hardware mounted directly on the Q-bus of the microcomputer. The Mark I system provides the advantages of high speed, high sensitivity digital imaging directly into the computer with the potential for software control of the sample orientation and environment. The Mark II system adds the novel features of signal averaging and multiframe exposures. The dedicated digital memories have a resolution of 512x512 pixels of 16 bits, matching well to the spatial resolution of the xenon-filled MWPC (0.5 mm fwhm over an aperture of 200 mm x 200 mm). A 512x512x4 bit video graphics system displays the images in grey scales or colour. (orig.)

  15. Metal-insulator transition in SrTi1−xVxO3 thin films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gu, Man; Wolf, Stuart A.; Lu, Jiwei

    2013-01-01

    Epitaxial SrTi 1−x V x O 3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) thin films were grown on (001)-oriented (LaAlO 3 ) 0.3 (Sr 2 AlTaO 6 ) 0.7 (LSAT) substrates using the pulsed electron-beam deposition technique. The transport study revealed a temperature driven metal-insulator transition (MIT) at 95 K for x = 0.67. The films with higher vanadium concentration (x > 0.67) were metallic corresponding to a Fermi liquid system. In the insulating phase (x < 0.67), the resistivity behavior was governed by Mott's variable range hopping mechanism. The possible mechanisms for the induced MIT are discussed, including the effects of electron correlation, lattice distortion, and Anderson localization

  16. Structure cristalline du composé Hg3-xSbx(S+Se2+xI2-x (x ≃ 0.1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohammed Kars

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Single crystals of the mercury chalcohalide Hg3-xSbx(S+Se2+xI2-x (x ≃ 0.1 (mercury antimony sulfide selenide iodide, were grown by a chemical transport reaction. The structure contains three independent A (Hg/Sb atoms; each atom is strongly covalently bonded with two X (Se/S atoms to form approximately linear X–A–X units. The X–A–X units link to form A4X4 rings, which are combined into infinite crankshaft-type bands running along the [100] direction. Four equatorial E (I/X = Se,S atoms at relatively long distances complete the distorted octahedral coordination of A (Hg/Sb. The crystal under investigation was twinned by non-merohedry with a refined twin domain fraction of 0.814 (6:0.186 (6. The structure is isotypic with Hg3Se2I2 [Beck & Hedderich (2000. J. Solid State Chem. 151, 73–76], but the current determination reveals a coupled substitution, with partial replacement of Hg+2 by Sb+3, balanced by the equivalent substitution of I−1 by S−2 and Se−2. Bond-valence calculations are consistent with this relative substitution model.

  17. Phenomenology of the SU(3)c x SU(3)L x U(1)X model with right-handed neutrinos

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gutierrez, D.A.; Ponce, W.A.; Sanchez, L.A.

    2006-01-01

    A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group SU(3) c x SU(3) L x U(1) X with right-handed neutrinos is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry in a proper way, we introduce an alternative set of four Higgs scalar triplets, which combined with an anomaly-free discrete symmetry, produces a quark mass spectrum without hierarchies in the Yukawa coupling constants. We also embed the structure into a simple gauge group and show some conditions for achieving a low energy gauge coupling unification, avoiding possible conflict with proton decay bounds. By using experimental results from the CERN-LEP, SLAC linear collider, and atomic parity violation data, we update constraints on several parameters of the model. (orig.)

  18. XYO{sub 3} (X = K, Na; Y = Nb, Ta) based superlattices for photocatalysis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wang, Guang-Zhao; Chen, Xiao-Rui; Yuan, Hong-Kuan; Kuang, An-Long [School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China); Chen, Hong [School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China); Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 (China)

    2017-05-15

    The photocatalytic activities of XYO{sub 3} (X = K, Na; Y = Ta, Nb) and XYO{sub 3}/X1Y1O{sub 3} (X, X1 = K, Na; Y, Y1 = Ta, Nb) systems are investigated by using hybrid density functional. All the XYO{sub 3} and XYO{sub 3}/X1Y1O{sub 3} systems are indirect band gap semiconductors, and the band gap of KNbO{sub 3}/KTaO{sub 3} is smaller than those of KNbO{sub 3} and KTaO{sub 3}, while the band gaps of KNbO{sub 3}/NaNbO{sub 3}, KNbO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3}, KTaO{sub 3}/NaNbO{sub 3}, KTaO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3}, and NaNbO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3} are respectively between the band gaps of these two crystals which make up these superlattices. The electronic structure of KNbO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3} is the same as that of KTaO{sub 3}/NaNbO{sub 3} since both have the same component and similar crystal structure. The band edges of all the considered superlattices are thermodynamically allowed for the water reduction and oxidation processes, and therefore, they could be used for photocatalytic water splitting. Band structures for (i) KNbO{sub 3}/KTaO{sub 3}, (ii) KNbO{sub 3}/NaNbO{sub 3}, (iii) KNbO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3}, (iv) KTaO{sub 3}/NaNbO{sub 3}, (v) KTaO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3}, and (vi) NaNbO{sub 3}/NaTaO{sub 3} superlattices. The horizontal dashed lines represent the Fermi levels. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  19. Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn modified xBiFeO{sub 3}-(1−x)BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dai, Zhonghua, E-mail: zhdai@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 (China); Ferroic Physics Group, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki (Japan); Liu, Lu; Ying, Guobing; Yuan, Ming [College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098 (China); Ren, Xiaobing [Ferroic Physics Group, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki (Japan)

    2017-07-15

    Manganese doped xBiFeO{sub 3}-(1−x)BaTiO{sub 3}(x=0.67–0.82) ceramics were prepared by solid-state method. The structural, dielectric and magnetic properties were investigated after annealing in vacuum at 773 K. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all samples crystallized in pure perovskite structure. The ceramics displays a typical ferroelectric loop, with a max remnant polarization P{sub r} of 25.6 µC/cm{sup 2}. The piezoelectric coefficient d{sub 33} of Manganese doped 0.67BiFeO{sub 3}0.33BaTiO{sub 3} is 139 pC/N and its temperature dependence of dielectric constant exhibits a broad anomaly. The Manganese doped 0.75BiFeO{sub 3}0.25BaTiO{sub 3} ceramic shows ferrimagnetism at room temperature, with remnant magnetization M{sub r} of 0.31 emu/g and ferrimagnetic transition temperature T{sub N} of ~420 °C. - Highlights: • In this manuscript, a technique combined Mn doping which is able to fabricate point defects and annealing in vacuum which can stabilize the unstable ion was investigated. We studied the electrical properties of Mn doped BiFeO{sub 3}-BaTiO{sub 3} ceramics after vacuum annealing treatment at appropriate temperature. • Our result is that Mn modification and heat treatment are effective methods to solve the problem of high leakage of BiFeO{sub 3}-BaTiO{sub 3} system ceramic prepared by solid-state method. It exhibited a enhanced field-induced ferromagnetic ordering with promising potential in spintronics and recording media applications.

  20. Rheology of YBa2Cu3O7-x precursors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Green, T.M.; Akinc, M.

    1992-01-01

    Nitrate and acetate precursors to YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (123) are prepared using a molten salt technique. The viscosity and shear stress of the paste are controlled by evaporation of water from the paste. The pastes contain ∼ 20--80 vol % solids. Rheometry over strain rates of 0--200 sec -1 shows both systems are shear-thinning. Both systems are thixotropic. The nitrate system may be described by a two-stage Bingham Plastic model, the acetate by a Hershel-Bulkley model. The existence of more than one region of flow behavior suggests that there are at least two mechanisms which contribute to flow. In the low strain rate region, flow resistance is due to the existence of flocs in the colloidal assembly. At higher strain rates, flow is probably controlled by interlaminar drag interactions. Precursors produced by both methods have been used to form fibers of YBa 2 Cu 3 o 7-x , by ram extrusion

  1. A study of YBa2Cu3-xSnxOy by positron lifetime spectrum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu Fengqi; Liu Junzheng; Cheng Guosheng; Cao Shixun; Shang Jiaxiang; Zhang Jincang

    1995-01-01

    The positron lifetime spectra of the YBa 2 Cu 3-x Sn x O y system have been measured and the local electron density n e and vacancy concentration C v have been calculated as a function of Sn substitution x. The results show that a significant Sn-substitution dependence exists. For lower x( e has a big continual variation and for higher x(>0.8), it is level off with a value of about 5.6 x 10 23 cm -3 . But for C v a big anomalous change occurs between x = 0.8-1.0 and this may be attributed to the structural phase transition

  2. Gammay rays from Penrose powered black holes in centaurus A, 3C 273, and NGC 4151

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kafatos, M.; and Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

    1980-01-01

    Gamma-ray observations of active galaxies have important consequences for theories of the activity in their nuclei. The observations of Cen A, 3C 273, and NGC 4151 are examined under the assumption that Penrose collision processes in the ergospheres of massive black holes power their nuclei. The observed sharp break in the MeV region of the NGC 4151 spectrum cannot be due to the γ-γ pair production process. We attribute this break to the Penrose Compton scattering (PCS), in which γ-rays escape from the ergosphere as a result of Penrose processes involving electrons and lower energy X-ray photons in the ergosphere of the black hole. The absence of an MeV break in the spectra of Cen A and 3C 273 argues in favor of the Penrose pair production (PPP), in which high-energy pairs (a few GeV in energy) escape as result of Penrose processes involving protons and γ-rays that are present in any hot, optically thin, vertically extended accretion disk. An intrinsic break in the GeV region is predicted for both Cen A and 3C 273 as well as any other PPP powered nucleus.If PPP is important for QSOs and radio galaxies and some Seyferts, powerful radio objects should also be powerful γ-ray objects. Nuclei in which the black hole is spinning slowly would still emit visible light, UV, and X-rays as result of accretion without Penrose processes but would be weak in radio or high-energy γ-rays. Future γ-ray observations should provide clues as to whether this scenario is correct. Besides spectral information at γ-ray frequencies, possible variability at γ-ray frequencies should be searched for

  3. Reduction of the Curie temperature in the multiferroic Bi5Fe1+xTi3xO15 solid solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salazar-Kuri, U; Mendoza, M E; Silva, R; Siqueiros, J M; Gervacio-Arciniega, J J

    2014-01-01

    In this work, the phase diagram of the system Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 -BiFeO 3 in the region of the solid solution Bi 5 Fe 1+x Ti 3x O 15 was refined. The limit of solubility was determined to be at x = 0.1. The Curie temperature (T C ) of the ferroelectric phase transition was determined by dielectric permittivity measurements at 100 kHz for the phase Bi 5 FeTi 3 O 15 as well as for the solid solution. A decrease in T C from 750 °C to 742 °C (solid solution at x = 0.1) was found. These results can be explained in terms of the perturbation of the oxygen octahedral perovskite layers resulting from the substitution of Ti 4+ by Fe 3+ ions. (paper)

  4. Synthesis and magneto-structural study of CoxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Betancourt-Galindo, R.; Ayala-Valenzuela, O.; Garcia-Cerda, L.A.; Rodriguez Fernandez, O.; Matutes-Aquino, J.; Ramos, G.; Yee-Madeira, H.

    2005-01-01

    The Co 2+ ion in an octahedral site of the cubic spinel structure has a highly anisotropic character. The electric crystal field produces a degenerate ground state with a orbital magnetic momentum fixed parallel to a trigonal axis, and the spin-orbit interaction tends to align the spin magnetic moment parallel to this trigonal axis giving high anisotropy. Then, the use of Co x Fe 3-x O 4 system allows the tailoring of the magnetic properties by changing the cobalt content, which can be very useful in magnetic fluids, magnetic latex and free rotors applications. In this work Co x Fe 3-x O 4 nanoparticles over a compositional range 0.0 x Fe 3-x O 4 powders shows that an increase of the cobalt contain yields a steadily decrease in the maximum magnetization

  5. An external interface for processing 3-D holographic and X-ray images

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jueptner, W.; Kreis, T.

    1989-01-01

    The aim of the ESPRIT project 898 is the development of an external interface system, that links physically generated 3-D images to inspection and analysis procedures. While this has to be a general and flexible system, it is used in this project for holographic interferograms and X-ray radiographs for applications in areas such as real time testing and inspection and 3-D measurment. For this task, optical and electronic methods have to be combined in order to extract the relevant information from multiple 3-D images. A further aim of the project is the automation of the holographic interferometry and the X-ray radioscopy for on-line testing in the manufacturing process. (orig./HP)

  6. Effect of Cu-doping on structural and electrical properties of Ni0.4-xCu0.3+xMg0.3Fe2O4 ferrites prepared using sol-gel method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dhaou, Mohamed Houcine

    2018-06-01

    Ni0.4-xCu0.3+xMg0.3Fe2O4 spinel ferrites were prepared by sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction results indicate that ferrite samples have a cubic spinel-type structure with ? space group. The electrical properties of the studied samples using complex impedance spectroscopy technique have been investigated as a function of frequency at different temperatures. We found that the addition of copper in Ni0.4-xCu0.3+xMg0.3Fe2O4 ferrite system can improve its conductivity. Dielectric properties have been discussed in terms of hopping of charge carriers between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. For all samples, frequency dependence of the imaginary part of impedance (Z") shows the existence of relaxation phenomenon. The appropriate equivalent circuit configuration for modeling the Nyquist plots of impedance is of the type of (Rg + Rgb//Cgb).

  7. Spin reorientation and magnetic anisotropy in Y2Co17-xCr x (x 1.17-3.0) compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fuquan, B.; Tegus, O.; Dagula, W.; Brueck, E.; Boer, F.R. de; Buschow, K.H.J.

    2005-01-01

    Spin reorientation transitions and magnetic anisotropy in Y 2 Co 17-x Cr x (x = 1.17-3.0) compounds have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that most samples crystallize as a single phase with the rhombohedral Th 2 Zn 17 -type structure. However, in the compound Y 2 Co 14 Cr 3 the Th 2 Zn 17 phase coexist with the hexagonal Th 2 Ni 17 -type phase. The lattice parameters a and c hardly change and the unit cell volume V increases slightly with increasing Cr content. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the aligned powder of the samples have confirmed that at room temperature the compound with x = 1.17 has planar anisotropy, but the compounds with x = 1.76, 2.34 and 3.00 have uniaxial anisotropy. Spin reorientation phenomena occur in all of the compounds. With increasing Cr content, the Curie temperature, the spin reorientation temperature, the spontaneous magnetization, and the anisotropy constant K 2 of the Y 2 Co 17-x Cr x (x = 1.17-3.0) compounds decrease strongly while the anisotropy constant K 1 increases in the range of x from 1.17 to 2.34 and then decreases in the range of x from 2.34 to 3.00

  8. Synthesis of compositionally controllable Cu{sub 2}(Sn{sub 1−x}Ge{sub x})S{sub 3} nanocrystals with tunable band gaps

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liang, Qingshuang, E-mail: lqs671@163.com [Jilin University, State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry (China)

    2016-06-15

    In this work, we show that compositionally controlled Cu{sub 2}(Sn{sub 1–x}Ge{sub x})S{sub 3} nanocrystals can be successfully synthesized by the hot-injection method through careful tuning the Ge/(Sn+Ge) precursor ratio. The band gaps of the resultant nanocrystals are demonstrated to be linearly tuned from 1.45 to 2.33 eV by adjusting the composition parameter x of the Ge/(Sn+Ge) ratio from 0.0 to 1.0. The crystalline structures of the resultant NCs have been studied by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), select area electron diffraction (SAED), and Raman spectroscopy. A ligand exchange procedure is further performed to replace the native ligands on the surface of the NCs with sulfur ions. The photoresponsive behavior indicates the potential use of as-prepared Cu{sub 2}(Sn{sub 1–x}Ge{sub x})S{sub 3} nanocrystals in solar energy conversion systems. The synthesis of compositionally controlled Cu{sub 2}(Sn{sub 1–x}Ge{sub x})S{sub 3} nanocrystals reported herein provides a way for probing the effect of Ge inclusion in the Cu-Sn-S system thin films.

  9. Accurate Energies and Structures for Large Water Clusters Using the X3LYP Hybrid Density Functional

    OpenAIRE

    Su, Julius T.; Xu, Xin; Goddard, William A., III

    2004-01-01

    We predict structures and energies of water clusters containing up to 19 waters with X3LYP, an extended hybrid density functional designed to describe noncovalently bound systems as accurately as covalent systems. Our work establishes X3LYP as the most practical ab initio method today for calculating accurate water cluster structures and energies. We compare X3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ energies to the most accurate theoretical values available (n = 2−6, 8), MP2 with basis set superposition error (BSSE)...

  10. The Ca(PO3)2-Sr(PO3)2 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bukhalova, G.A.; Tokman, I.A.

    1977-01-01

    Phase diagram of the system Ca(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 has been studied and plotted with the aid of differential thermal, visual polythermal, X-ray analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Continuous solid solutions are formed in the system with a minimum at 968 deg C and 25 mol.% of Sr(PO 3 ) 2 . Solid solutions decompose with the formation of about 30 mol.% of Sr(PO 3 ) 2

  11. Neuropharmacology of Purinergic Receptors in Human Submucous Plexus: Involvement of P2X1, P2X2, P2X3 Channels, P2Y and A3 Metabotropic Receptors in Neurotransmission

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liñán-Rico, A.; Wunderlich, JE.; Enneking, JT.; Tso, DR.; Grants, I.; Williams, KC.; Otey, A.; Michel, K.; Schemann, M.; Needleman, B.; Harzman, A.; Christofi, FL.

    2015-01-01

    Rationale The role of purinergic signaling in the human ENS is not well understood. We sought to further characterize the neuropharmacology of purinergic receptors in human ENS and test the hypothesis that endogenous purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission. Experimental Approach LSCM-Fluo-4-(Ca2+)-imaging of postsynaptic Ca2+ transients (PSCaTs) was used as a reporter of neural activity. Synaptic transmission was evoked by fiber tract electrical stimulation in human SMP surgical preparations. Pharmacological analysis of purinergic signaling was done in 1,556 neurons from 234 separate ganglia 107 patients; immunochemical labeling for P2XRs of neurons in ganglia from 19 patients. Real-time MSORT (Di-8-ANEPPS) imaging was used to test effects of adenosine on fast excitatory synaptic potentials (fEPSPs). Results Synaptic transmission is sensitive to pharmacological manipulations that alter accumulation of extracellular purines. Apyrase blocks PSCaTs in a majority of neurons. An ecto-NTPDase-inhibitor 6-N,N-diethyl-D-β,γ-dibromomethyleneATP or adenosine deaminase augments PSCaTs. Blockade of reuptake/deamination of eADO inhibits PSCaTs. Adenosine inhibits fEPSPs and PSCaTs (IC50=25μM), sensitive to MRS1220-antagonism (A3AR). A P2Y agonist ADPβS inhibits PSCaTs (IC50=111nM) in neurons without stimulatory ADPβS responses (EC50=960nM). ATP or a P2X1,2,2/3 (α,β-MeATP) agonist evokes fast, slow, biphasic Ca2+ transients or Ca2+ oscillations (EC50=400μM). PSCaTs are sensitive to P2X1 antagonist NF279. Low (20nM) or high (5μM) concentrations of P2X antagonist TNP-ATP block PSCaTs in different neurons; proportions of neurons with P2XR-ir follow the order P2X2>P2X1≫P2X3; P2X1+ P2X2 and P2X3+P2X2 are co-localized. RT-PCR identified mRNA-transcripts for P2X1-7,P2Y1,2,12-14R. Responsive neurons were also identified by HuC/D-ir. Conclusions Purines are critical regulators of neurotransmission in the human enteric nervous system. Purinergic signaling involves

  12. Thermal properties of heavy fermion systems under unaxial and hydrostatic pressure: Anisotropic magnetic ordering in CeCu6-xAux and (B,T,p) phase diagram of UPt3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sieck, M.

    1996-01-01

    Single crystal samples of heavy fermion systems UPt 3 and CeCu 6-x Au x have been investigated under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure, respectively, at low temperatures and in magnetic fields up to 3 T using measurements of the specific heat and the magnetocaloric effect. A light-weigth hydrostatic pressure cell made of CuBe was designed and built up. For CeCu 6-x Au x the interrelation between magnetic order and the non-magnetic ground state was studied as function of Au concentration. For the UPt 3 system the phase diagrams in the superconducting state has been constructed. In the magnetocaloric effect irreversibilities due to flux pinning in the flux line lattice were observed

  13. High energy X-ray observation of Cyg X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kendziorra, E.; Pietsch, W.; Staubert, R.; Truemper, J.

    1975-01-01

    On Feb. 20, 1975 Cyg X-3 was observed in the energy range of 29-70 keV during a 5 hour observation of the Cyg region. An intensity variation consistent with a 4.8 h sinusoidal modulation has been found, in phase with low energy X-ray observations and with a relative amplitude of 0.37 +- 0.19. (orig.) [de

  14. Glassy behavior in the layered perovskites La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 4}(1.1{<=}x{<=}1.3)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mukherjee, S., E-mail: sanseb68@yahoo.co.in [Department of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104 (India); Mukherjee, Rajarshi [Department .of Physics, University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104 (India); Banerjee, S.; Ranganathan, R. [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700 064 (India); Kumar, Uday [Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Mohonpur 741252 (India)

    2012-03-15

    The glassy behavior of the phase segregated state in the layered cobaltite La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 4} has been studied. The role of the inter-cluster interactions as well as the disordered spins at the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic interface, behind the observed glassy behavior have been investigated. The disordered spins at the interface appear to be strongly pinned, and they contribute little to the observed glassy behavior. On the other hand, the inter-cluster interactions play the key role. Both the Co{sup 4+} and Co{sup 3+} ions are in the intermediate spin state. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Phase segregated state of cobaltite La{sub 2-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 4} for (1.1{<=}x{<=}1.3) to find the origin of the observed glassy behavior. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Result of the frequency dependent ac susceptibility measurement excludes the possibility of any spin glass phase, hints strong inter-cluster interactions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Relaxation experiments confirm the system to be a collection of clusters with two preferred sizes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The glassy behavior originates from strong inter-cluster interactions.

  15. Interacciones hiperfinas en BaxSr1-xHfO3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López García, A.

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available In order to determine the microscopic role of cation A in ABO3 perovskites the hyperfine interaction in the Sr1-xBaxHfO3 system using Perturbed Angular Correlation spectroscopy (PAC is studied. As a previous result the compositions x = 0.50 and 0.25 are shown. The PAC spectra were obtained in the temperature range from 20 to 1000ºC. In both compounds a phase transition to higher symmetry structure was observed at T≈400 and 200ºC, respectively. This structure is proposed to be cubic in both compositions. The results are compared with those obtained in SrHfO3 and BaHfO3.Con el fin de determinar el papel microscópico que juega el catión A en las perovskitas ABO3 se estudia la interacción hiperfina el sistema Sr1-xBaxHfO3 usando la espectroscopia Correlaciones Angulares Perturbadas (PAC en función de la temperatura y la composición. Como resultado previo se muestra en este trabajo, el estudio de las composiciones x = 0.5 y 0.75. Las medidas PAC se realizaron en el intervalo de temperaturas que va desde 20 a 1000ºC. Para x=0.50 y 0.75 se determinó una transición a una fase de mayor simetría a T≈400 y 200ºC, respectivamente. Se propone que esta fase de mayor simetría es cúbica en ambas composiciones. Los resultados obtenidos son comparados con los compuestos puros SrHfO3 y BaHfO3.

  16. 21 CFR 892.1720 - Mobile x-ray system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ...) MEDICAL DEVICES RADIOLOGY DEVICES Diagnostic Devices § 892.1720 Mobile x-ray system. (a) Identification. A mobile x-ray system is a transportable device system intended to be used to generate and control x-ray... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mobile x-ray system. 892.1720 Section 892.1720...

  17. High temperature X-ray diffraction studies on HfO2-Gd2O3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Panneerselvam, G.; Antony, M.P.; Ananthasivan, K.; Joseph, M.

    2016-01-01

    High temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) technique is an important experimental tool for measuring thermal expansion of materials of interest. A series of solid solutions containing GdO 1.5 in HfO 2 ,Hf 1-y Gd y )O 2 (y = 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.41 and 0.505) were prepared by solid state method. Structural characterization and computation of lattice parameter was carried out by using room temperature X-ray diffraction measurements. The room temperature lattice parameter estimated for (Hf 1-y Gd y )O 2 (y=0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.41 and 0.505) are 0.51714 nm, 0.51929 nm, 0.52359nm, 0.52789nm and 0.53241 nm, respectively. Thermal expansion coefficients and percentage linear thermal expansion of the HfO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 solid solutions containing 20 and 41 mol% GdO 1.5 were determined using HTXRD in the temperature range 298 to 1673K. The mean linear thermal expansion coefficients of the solid solutions containing 20 and 41 mol. %Gd are 11.65 x 10 -6 K -1 and 12.07 x 10 -6 K -1 , respectively. (author)

  18. Microstructure and properties of hot extruded Mg-3Zn-Y-xCu (x = 0, 1, 3, 5) alloys

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Bao-sheng; Kuang, Ya-fei; Fang, Da-qing; Chai, Yue-sheng [Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys of Shanxi Province; Zhang, Yue-zhong [Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys of Shanxi Province; Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). College of Chemical and Biological Engineering

    2017-04-15

    In petroleum drilling engineering, materials with high strength and rapid degradation are required for degradable fracturing ball applications. In this work, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of extruded Mg-3Zn-Y-xCu (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 weight percent) alloys are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, compression tests, electrochemical measurements, and hydrogen evolution tests, to explore their potential as excellent candidate alloys for degradable fracturing ball applications. It is found that the Mg-3Zn-Y alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}Y{sub 2}, and Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 6}Y phases. After Cu addition, a new MgZnCu phase is formed, while the Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}Y{sub 2} phase disappears. The Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu alloy shows the highest compressive strength (473 MPa) and yield strength (402 MPa), mainly attributed to the combined effect of the fine-grain and dispersed precipitation of Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 6}Y and MgZnCu. The corrosion rate of Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu reaches 0.41 mm day{sup -1} in 3.5 wt.% KCl solution. Consequently, Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu alloy is a suitable degradable fracturing ball-seat material.

  19. Resolution and evolution of the duck-billed platypus karyotype with an X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5Y5 male sex chromosome constitution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rens, Willem; Grützner, Frank; O'brien, Patricia C M; Fairclough, Helen; Graves, Jennifer A M; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A

    2004-11-16

    The platypus (2n = 52) has a complex karyotype that has been controversial over the last three decades. The presence of unpaired chromosomes and an unknown sex-determining system especially has defied attempts at conventional analysis. This article reports on the preparation of chromosome-specific probes from flow-sorted chromosomes and their application in the identification and classification of all platypus chromosomes. This work reveals that the male karyotype has 21 pairs of chromosomes and 10 unpaired chromosomes (E1-E10), which are linked by short regions of homology to form a multivalent chain in meiosis. The female karyotype differs in that five of these unpaired elements (E1, E3, E5, E7, and E9) are each present in duplicate, whereas the remaining five unpaired elements (E2, E4, E6, E8, and E10) are absent. This finding indicates that sex is determined by the alternate segregation of the chain of 10 during spermatogenesis so that equal numbers of sperm bear either one of the two groups of five elements, i.e., five X and five Y chromosomes. Chromosome painting reveals that these X and Y chromosomes contain pairing (XY shared) and differential (X- or Y-specific) segments. Y differential regions must contain male-determining genes, and X differential regions should be dosage-compensated in the female. Two models for the evolution of the sex-determining system are presented. The resolution of the longstanding debate over the platypus karyotype is an important step toward the understanding of mechanisms of sex determination, dosage compensation, and karyotype evolution.

  20. X-Band CubeSat Communication System Demonstration

    Science.gov (United States)

    Altunc, Serhat; Kegege, Obadiah; Bundick, Steve; Shaw, Harry; Schaire, Scott; Bussey, George; Crum, Gary; Burke, Jacob C.; Palo, Scott; O'Conor, Darren

    2015-01-01

    Today's CubeSats mostly operate their communications at UHF- and S-band frequencies. UHF band is presently crowded, thus downlink communications are at lower data rates due to bandwidth limitations and are unreliable due to interference. This research presents an end-to-end robust, innovative, compact, efficient and low cost S-band uplink and X-band downlink CubeSat communication system demonstration between a balloon and a Near Earth Network (NEN) ground system. Since communication systems serve as umbilical cords for space missions, demonstration of this X-band communication system is critical for successfully supporting current and future CubeSat communication needs. This research has three main objectives. The first objective is to design, simulate, and test a CubeSat S- and X-band communication system. Satellite Tool Kit (STK) dynamic link budget calculations and HFSS Simulations and modeling results have been used to trade the merit of various designs for small satellite applications. S- and X-band antennas have been tested in the compact antenna test range at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) to gather radiation pattern data. The second objective is simulate and test a CubeSat compatible X-band communication system at 12.5Mbps including S-band antennas, X-band antennas, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) /GSFC transmitter and an S-band receiver from TRL-5 to TRL-8 by the end of this effort. Different X-band communication system components (antennas, diplexers, etc.) from GSFC, other NASA centers, universities, and private companies have been investigated and traded, and a complete component list for the communication system baseline has been developed by performing analytical and numerical analysis. This objective also includes running simulations and performing trades between different X-band antenna systems to optimize communication system performance. The final objective is to perform an end-to-end X-band CubeSat communication system

  1. Compatibility of hydrogarnet, Ca3Al2(SiO4)x(OH)4(3x), with sulfate and carbonate-bearing cement phases: 5–85 °C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Okoronkwo, Monday Uchenna; Glasser, Fredrik Paul

    2016-01-01

    The stable existence of hydrogarnet in Portland cement compositions cured at temperatures below 55 °C has long been predicted from application of equilibrium thermodynamics. However hydrogarnet is not often reported in hydrated commercial Portland cements. The substitutions (SO 4 –CO 3 –OH) in AFm have previously been shown to stabilise AFm to higher temperatures and raise the temperature at which AFm converts to Si-free hydrogarnet, C 3 AH 6 . But unanswered question remains about the compatibility of AFm and AFm solid solutions with Si-substituted hydrogarnet, Ca 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) x (OH) 4(3x) . Phase relations of C 3 AH 6 and Ca 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) x (OH) 4(3x) at sulfate and carbonate activities conditioned respectively by (gypsum and SO 4 -AFt) and (calcite and CO 3 -AFt) have been determined experimentally in the range 5–85 °C. The results confirm the instability of Si-free hydrogarnet with carbonate and sulfate-bearing cement phases, but do indicate that a range of silica-substituted hydrogarnet solid solutions are stable under conditions likely to be encountered in blended cement systems.

  2. X-ray absorption investigation of the valence state and electronic structure of La1−xCaxCoO3−δ in comparison with La1−xSrxCoO3−δ and La1−xSrxFeO3−δ

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Haas, O.; Ludwig, Chr.; Bergmann, U.; Singh, R.N.; Braun, A.; Graule, T.

    2011-01-01

    3d metal K-shell X-ray absorption spectra of perovskites with the composition La 1−x Ca x CoO 3−δ (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8), La 1−x Sr x CoO 3−δ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) and La 1−x Sr x FeO 3−δ (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) are compared on the basis of pre-edges, white line features and extended fine structures. The measurements were performed at 300 K and for La 1−x Ca x CoO 3−δ also at temperatures as low as 10–20 K. Going to low-temperature the measurements indicate an increase in t 2g ⁎ and a decrease in e g ⁎ orbital occupancy, which is most accentuated in the LaCoO 3 sample. Virtually no Co K-edge shift was observed for the La 1−x Ca x CoO 3−δ and La 1−x Sr x CoO 3−δ compounds and the Co–O distances are also not significantly reduced when La 3+ is partially substituted by Ca 2+ or Sr 2+ . From the pre-edge features of these perovskites we are tended to conclude that the t 2g ⁎ orbitals are less, and the e g ⁎ orbitals are more occupied with increasing x in the Ca and Sr substituted compounds, whereas the total d-electron density is not changing. These results indicate that cobalt prefers a valence state of 3 + in these Co perovskites. This could also be confirmed with iodometric titrations. The Fe perovskites behave differently. In contrast to the Co perovskites, for La 1−x Sr x FeO 3−δ perovskites the Fe K-edge is shifted, the pre-edge features intensity is increasing and the Fe–O bond length is decreasing with increasing x. The valence states of the iron in the La 1−x Sr x FeO 3−δ perovskites in fact increase as much as x increases. - Graphical abstract: Co K and Fe K pre-edge of La 1−x Ca x CoO 3−δ and La 1−x Sr x FeO 3−δ perovskites one of the evidences in favor of δ=x/2 for the Co-perovskites and δ=0 for the Fe-perovskites. Highlights: ► XAS a valuable tool to evaluate the valence states of Co and Fe perovskites. ► For La 1−x Ca x CoO 3−δ and La 1−x Sr x CoO 3

  3. Tunable magnetocaloric effect in Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} perovskites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Shanmugapriya, K.; Palanivel, Balan [Pondicherry Engineering College, Department of Physics, Puducherry (India); Radheep, D.M.; Murugan, Ramaswamy [Pondicherry University, Department of Physics, Puducherry (India)

    2017-07-15

    Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75) polycrystalline samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. Magnetic characterizations of Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} revealed signature of antiferromagnetic ordering at temperatures (T{sub N}) ∝ 19, 25 and 29.5 K for x = 0.25, x = 0.5 and for x = 0.75, respectively. Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.75) exhibits field-induced antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition at ∝ 30 K with applied magnetic field of 4 and 5 T. Magnetocaloric change (ΔS{sub M}) increases from 3.5 to 19 J/kg K by increasing calcium concentration in the A-site. Those ΔS{sub M} values are relatively very high in these classes of antiferromagnetic perovskite systems and equal to the magnetisation values of the ferromagnetic perovskite manganites. This is the first report for the Sr{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}Mn{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (x = 0.75) having large magnetic entropy changes induced by the low magnetic field. (orig.)

  4. Theoretical study on guided wave propagation in (1 - x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (x = 0.29 and 0.33) single crystal plates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen Chuanwen; Zhang Rui; Cao Wenwu

    2009-01-01

    The propagation of guided waves in free standing (1 - x)Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -xPbTiO 3 [PMN-xPT] (x = 0.29 or 0.33) single crystal plates has been studied theoretically. The polar directions are in the (111) family directions of the cubic reference coordinates but the crystals are being polarized along [0 0 1] c , [0 1 1] c and [1 1 1] c of the cubic reference directions so that the effective microscopic symmetries are 4mm, mm2 and 3m, respectively. Multiple mode couplings appear in the dispersion curves for both the symmetric and the antisymmetric Lamb and shear horizontal modes. The velocities of most guided waves decrease rapidly with frequency. Then, after passing a minimum, they begin to increase with frequency and eventually saturate to the shear wave velocity v sz (or v 1 = 3507 m s -1 for [1 1 1] c polarized sample). For a [1 1 1] c polarized single domain PMN-0.33PT sample, the S 1 mode instead of the S 0 mode approaches the Rayleigh velocity v R at high frequencies.

  5. X-ray image intensifier/television systems for digital skeletal radiography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rowlands, J.A.; Hynes, D.M.; Edmonds, E.W.; Porter, A.J.; Toth, B.J.

    1987-01-01

    The imaging criteria for skeletal radiography (high resolution and low noise) relevant to the use of x-ray image intensifier/TV digital systems are discussed. It is shown from the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise, and phantom evaluations that conventional x-ray image intensifiers in conjunction with a 1,000-line Plumbicon or Saticon TV camera are in most respects suitable for skeletal radiography. The optimum focal spot size depends on a trade-off with motion blurring through the x-ray exposure time and so is a function of the clinical problem. Since the skeletal system is readily immobilized, a 0.3-mm focal spot size is nearly optimum

  6. “Wrapping” X3DOM around Web Audio API

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andreas Stamoulias

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Spatial sound has a conceptual role in the Web3D environments, due to highly realism scenes that can provide. Lately the efforts are concentrated on the extension of the X3D/ X3DOM through spatial sound attributes. This paper presents a novel method for the introduction of spatial sound components in the X3DOM framework, based on X3D specification and Web Audio API. The proposed method incorporates the introduction of enhanced sound nodes for X3DOM which are derived by the implementation of the X3D standard components, enriched with accessional features of Web Audio API. Moreover, several examples-scenarios developed for the evaluation of our approach. The implemented examples established the achievability of new registered nodes in X3DOM, for spatial sound characteristics in Web3D virtual worlds.

  7. Three-Dimensional Backscatter X-Ray Imaging System, Phase II

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The overall objective of the proposal is to design, develop and demonstrate a potentially portable Compton x-ray scatter 3D-imaging system by using specially...

  8. Transport and magnetic properties of R sub 1 sub - sub x A sub x CoO sub 3. (R = La, Pr and Nd; A = Ba, Sr and Ca)

    CERN Document Server

    Masuda, H; Miyashita, T; Soda, M; Yasui, Y; Kobayashi, Y; Sato, M

    2003-01-01

    Transport and magnetic measurements have been carried out on perovskite Co-oxides R sub 1 sub - sub x A sub x CoO sub 3 (R = La, Pr, and Nd; A = Ba, Sr and Ca; 0 <= x <= 0.5: All sets of the R and A species except Nd sub 1 sub - sub x Ba sub x CoO sub 3 have been studied.). With increasing the Sr- or Ba-concentration x, the system becomes metallic ferromagnet with rather large magnetic moments. For R = Pr and Nd and A = Ca, the system approaches the metal-insulator phase boundary but does not become metallic. The magnetic moments of the Ca-doped systems measured with the magnetic field H = 0.1 T are much smaller than those of the Ba- and Sr-doped systems. The thermoelectric powers of the Ba- and Sr-doped systems decrease from large positive values of lightly doped samples to negative ones with increasing doping level, while those of Ca-doped systems remain positive. These results can be understood by considering the relationship between the average ionic radius of R sub 1 sub - sub x A sub x and the ene...

  9. Thermal studies of Se85-xTe15Inx (x = 3,6,9,12) glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sushama, D.; George, Achamma; Asokan, S.

    2011-01-01

    Bulk glasses of compositions Se 85-x Te 15 In x (x = 3,6,9,12) are prepared by melt quenching technique and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is employed to study the thermal stability, crystallization mechanism as well as specific heat of these glasses. It is found that the addition of indium increases the glass transition temperature. From the heating rate dependence of the glass transition temperature the activation energy of glass transition is determined using Kissinger's equation for non-isothermal crystallization of materials. An attempt has been made to explain the variation in the value of T c , T p and ΔC p for the composition Se 73 Te 15 In 12 using rigidity percolation threshold (RPT). From the values of (T c -T g ) the stable glass system is determined.

  10. Single crystal neutron diffraction study of SrFeOsub(3-x)(x=0. 1)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oda, H; Yamaguchi, Y; Takei, H; Watanabe, H [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Research Inst. for Iron, Steel and Other Metals

    1977-01-01

    Neutron diffraction study was carried out on single crystals of the perovskite oxide SrFeOsub(3-x)(x=0.1). SrFeOsub(3-x)(x=0.1) has a proper screw spin structure with the propagation vector parallel to (111) direction and its Neel temperature is 118 K. The electron configuration of Fe/sup 4 +/(3d/sup 4/) ion is close to the low-spin state (tsub(2g)sup(4)) and the oxygen ion has the unpaired electron with the magnetic moment of 0.3..mu..sub(B) antiparallel to the vector sum of the magnetic moments of two iron ions lying on the neighbouring planes perpendicular to the screw axis. The absolute value of the propagation vector is almost constant. 0.130x..sqrt..3.2..pi../a A/sup -1/, at temperatures below 50 K, while it decreases gradually at higher temperatures reaching 0.118x..sqrt..3.2..pi../a A/sup -1/ at Tsub(N).

  11. X-ray structural study of Nd[N(CN)2]3x2OP(NMe2)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kapshuk, A.A.; Skopenko, V.V.

    1985-01-01

    The results of X-ray structure study of Nd(N(CN) 2 ) 3 x2OP(NMe) 2 ) 3 are presented. The crystals are monoclinic: a=12,787(6), b=17.731(9), c=15.302(5) A, γ=114.84(3) deg, Z=4, sp.gr. p2 1 /n. The structure is formed of infinite corrugated netting consisting of neodymium atoms, coordinating two OP(NMe 2 ) 3 molecules, and three bidentate-bridge dicyanamide groups. Neodymium coordination number is 8, coordination polyhedron is a distorted twocapped trigonal prism. Certain aspects of crystal chemistry of dicyanamide complexes are discussed

  12. Thermodynamical study of boron doped CeX{sub 3} (X=Pd, Rh)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sharma, Ramesh [Dept. of Physics, Mewar University, Chittorgarh Rajasthan-India (India); Dwivedi, Shalini; Sharma, Yamini, E-mail: sharma.yamini62@gmail.com [Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Dept. of Physics, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli-229001 U.P (India)

    2016-05-06

    The structural, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of cubic non magnetic CeX{sub 3}(X=Pd, Rh) compounds which crystallize in the Au{sub 3}Cu structure have been studied using the projected augmented wave (PAW) method within the density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange correlation potential. In this paper we have calculated the band structure which are interpreted using the density of states. The optical properties such as extinction coefficients clearly illustrate the changes in CeX{sub 3} due to intercalation of boron. Lattice instability is observed in CePd{sub 3}B from the calculated dynamical properties.

  13. Relation of Giant Thermo-EMF, Magnetothermo-EMF, Magnetoresistance, and Magnetization to Magnetic Impurity States in Manganites Nd(1- x)Sr x MnO3 and Sm(1- x)Sr x MnO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koroleva, L. I.; Batashev, I. K.; Morozov, A. S.; Balbashov, A. M.; Szymczak, H.; Slawska-Waniew, A.

    2018-02-01

    Thermo-EMF, magnetothermo-EMF, magnetoresistance, and magnetization of single-crystal samples of Nd(1- x)Sr x MnO3 and Sm(1- x)Sr x MnO3 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 have been studied experimentally. A sharp increase in the thermo-EMF and giant magnetothermo-EMF and magnetoresistance has been observed near the Curie point T C in compounds with 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. At the same time, no peculiarities have been found in compositions with x = 0. Since compounds with x > 0 consist of ferromagnetic clusters of the ferron type that reside in an antiferromagnetic A-type matrix, this means that the sharp increase in the thermo-EMF near T C is caused by ferrons. Indeed, the disappearance of ferrons due to a magnetic field or heating above T C leads to an abrupt decrease in the thermo-EMF. Therefore, thermo-EMF in alloyed magnetic semiconductors has been determined by the impurity concentration and the sample volume.

  14. A Multiwavelength Study of Cygnus X-3

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCollough, M. L; Robinson, C. R.; Zhang, S. N.; Paciesas, W. S.; Harmon, B. A.; Hjellming, R. M.; Rupen, M.; Waltman, E. B.; Foster, R. S.; Ghigo, F. D.

    1997-01-01

    We present a global comparison of long term observations of the hard X-ray (20-100 keV), soft X-ray (1.5-12 keV), infrared (1-2 micron) and radio (2.25, 8.3 and 15 GHz) bands for the unusual X-ray binary Cygnus X-3. Data were obtained in the hard X-ray band from CGRO/BATSE, in the soft X-ray band from Rossi Xray Timing Explorer (RXTE)/ASM, in the radio band from the Green Bank Interferometer and Ryle Telescope and in the infrared band from various ground based observatories. Radio flares, quenched radio states and quiescent radio emission can all be associated with changes in the hard and soft X-ray intensity. The injection of plasma into the radio jet is directly related to changes in the hard and soft X-ray emission. The infrared observations are examined in the context of these findings.

  15. The ATCA CABB Line Survey on Centaurus A: Properties of the Molecular Gas from the Dust Lanes to the Central Engine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ott, Juergen; Koribalski, Baerbel; Henkel, Christian; Edwards, Philip; Norris, Ray; Meier, David; Feain, Ilana; Curran, Steve; Martin-Pintado, Jesus; Beelen, Alexandre; Aalto, Susanne; Combes, Francoise; Israel, Frank; Muller, Sebastien; Espada, Daniel; Guelin, Michel; Black, John Harry; V-Trung, Dinh; Impellizzeri, Caterina M. V.; Persson, Carina

    2011-10-01

    Centaurus A with its host NGC5128 is the most nearby radio galaxy. Its molecular spectrum exhibits three prominent features: a) gas that is located in the outer disk and dust lanes, b) absorption lines that are supposedly close to the central AGN, and c) gas in emission from the nucleus. We propose to perform an extensive line survey toward CenA using the exciting new capabilities of CABB. The broad basebands and narrow zoom bands of CABB are ideal to capture the full breath of the CenA spectral features. Our multi-band line observations will allow us to derive the exact physical conditions of each component as well as the chemistry involved. We will therefore obtain a comprehensive view of the physics imprinted on the molecular spectrum of a radio galaxy and its host, reaching from the central supermassive black hole, through the accretion region and the inner disk to the outer dust lanes.

  16. Structural and electrical properties of (1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 solid solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, J.-K.; Yi, J.Y.; Hong, K.S.

    2004-01-01

    Structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (1-x)(Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 -xPb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (NBT-xPMN) solid solution have been investigated. An addition of PMN into NBT transformed the structure of sintered samples from rhombohedral to pseudocubic phase where x is larger than 0.1. In calcined powders, however, the intermediate structure were observed between rhombohedral and cubic phases near x=0.1. The formation of solid solution between NBT and PMN modified the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of NBT to be suitable for high temperature dielectric and piezoelectric material. With increasing the content of PMN, the temperature-stability of ε r (T) increased and the high temperature dielectric loss decreased. In addition, the piezoelectric property of NBT-xPMN was enhanced, for the decrease of coercive field and conductivity promoted the domain reversal under the high electric field of the poling process

  17. 3D images and expert system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hasegawa, Jun-ichi

    1998-01-01

    This paper presents an expert system called 3D-IMPRESS for supporting applications of three dimensional (3D) image processing. This system can automatically construct a 3D image processing procedure based on a pictorial example of the goal given by a user. In the paper, to evaluate the performance of the system, it was applied to construction of procedures for extracting specific component figures from practical chest X-ray CT images. (author)

  18. Electrical conductivity studies in (Ag3AsS3)x(As2S3)1-x superionic glasses and composites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Studenyak, I. P.; Neimet, Yu. Yu.; Kranjčec, M.; Solomon, A. M.; Orliukas, A. F.; Kežionis, A.; Kazakevičius, E.; Šalkus, T.

    2014-01-01

    Compositional, frequency, and temperature studies of impedance and electrical conductivity in (Ag3AsS3)x(As2S3)1-x superionic glasses and composites were performed. Frequency range from 10 Hz to 3 × 109 Hz and temperature interval 300-400 K were used for the measurements. Compositional dependences of electrical conductivity and activation energy are analyzed; the most substantial changes are observed with the transition from (Ag3AsS3)0.4(As2S3)0.6 glass to (Ag3AsS3)0.5(As2S3)0.5 composite. With increase of Ag3AsS3 content, the investigated materials are found to have crystalline inclusions and show the two-phase composite nature. Addition of Ag3AsS3 leads to the increase of electrical conductivity whereas the activation energy decreases.

  19. Comparative study of perovskite Pr_(_1_-_x_)Ca_xCoO_3 e Gd_(_1_-_x_)Ca_xCoO_3 (x=0,2) synthesized by gelatin modified route for application in automotive catalysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Araujo, E.M. de; Medeiros, M.R.A.; Paiva, A.K.O.; Borges, F.M.M.; Ruiz, J.A.C.

    2016-01-01

    Increased air pollution intensified the search for materials that could convert pollutant gases into less harmful substances. Thus, mixed oxides with perovskite structure began to be developed for presenting important features for the automotive catalysis. In this study has been compared the chemical composition of the materials with Pr_(_1_-_x_)Ca_xCoO_3 and Gd_(_1_-_x_)Ca_xCoO_3 (x = 0.2) synthesized by the method gelatine. The samples were characterized by techniques: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and subjected to the catalytic test in methane combustion reaction. The evaluation of the catalytic activity showed that gadolinium catalyst is more efficient compared with the praseodymium catalyst, although they have similar maximum conversion of methane at high temperature, during the catalytic test the material with gadolinium showed higher catalytic activity and stability. (author)

  20. High dielectric constant observed in (1 − x)Ba(Zr{sub 0.07}Ti{sub 0.93})O{sub 3}–xBa(Fe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5})O{sub 3} binary solid-solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kruea-In, Chatchai [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Eitssayeam, Sukum; Pengpat, Kamonpan [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Rujijanagul, Gobwute, E-mail: rujijanagul@yahoo.com [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand)

    2012-10-15

    Binary solid-solutions of the (1 − x)Ba(Zr{sub 0.07}Ti{sub 0.93})O{sub 3}–xBa(Fe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}) system, with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9,were fabricated via a solid-state processing technique. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples exhibited a single perovskite phase. The BaFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} also promoted densification and grain growth of the system. Dielectric measurements showed that all samples displayed a relaxor like behavior. The x = 0.1 sample presented a dielectric-frequency and temperature with low loss tangent (<0.07 at 10 kHz). For x > 0.2 samples, the dielectric data showed a broad dielectric constant–temperature curve with a giant dielectric characteristic. In addition, a high dielectric constant > 50,000 (at 10 kHz and temperature > 150 °C) was observed for the x = 0.9 sample.

  1. Complex phosphates in the Li(Na)3PO4-InPO4 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potapova, A.M.; Zimina, G.V.; Smirnova, I.N.; Novoselov, A.V.; Spiridonov, F.M.; Stefanovich, S.Yu.

    2008-01-01

    Subsolidus sections in the systems Li 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 (950 deg C) and Na 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 (800, 900, and 1000 deg C) have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The compound Li 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 has been synthesized, and the NASICON-type solid solution Li 3(1-x) In 2+x (PO 4 ) 3 (0.67 ≤ x ≤ 0.80) has been found to exist. In the system Na 3 PO 4 -InPO 4 , the solid solution Na 3(1-x) In x/3 PO 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) and two complex phosphates exist: Na 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 and Na 3 In 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . These complex phosphates are dimorphic, with the irreversible-transition temperature equal to 675 and 820 deg C, respectively. Na 3 In(PO 4 ) 2 degrades at 920 deg C. Ionic conductivity has been measured in some phases in the system [ru

  2. Network based multi-channel digital flash X-ray imaging system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Jingjin; Yuan Jie; Liu Yaqiang; Lin Yong; Song Zheng; Liu Keyin; Zhang Qi; Zheng Futang

    2000-01-01

    A network based multi-channel digital flash X-ray imaging system has been developed. It can be used to acquire and digitize orthogonal flash X-ray images in multi-interval, and to distribute the images on the network. There is no need of films and chemical process, no anxiety of waiting and no trouble of film archiving. This system is useful for testing ballistics, jet, explode, armour-piercing and fast running machines. The system composing and acquired images are presented. The software for object separating, mass calculating, 3D positioning, speed determining and cavity reconstruction are described

  3. Network based multi-channel digital flash X-ray imaging system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Jingjin; Yuan Jie; Liu Yaqiang; Lin Yong; Song Zheng; Liu Keyin

    2003-01-01

    A network based multi-channel digital flash X-ray imaging system has been developed. It can be used to acquire and digitize orthogonal flash X-ray images in multi-interval, and to distribute the images on the network. There is no need of films and chemical process, no anxiety of waiting and no trouble of film archiving. This system is useful for testing ballistics, jet, explode, armour-piercing and fast running machines. The system composing and acquired images of terminal ballistics are presented. The software for object separating, profile calculating and 3D cavity reconstruction are described

  4. Cygnus X-3 and the problem of the missing Wolf-Rayet X-ray binaries

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lommen, D.; Yungelson, L.; van den Heuvel, E.; Nelemans, G.A.; Portegies Zwart, S.

    2005-01-01

    Cygnus X-3 is a strong X-ray source (LX ≈ 1038 erg s-1) which is thought to consist of a compact object accreting matter from a helium star. We analytically find that the estimated ranges of mass-loss rate and orbital-period derivative for Cyg X-3 are consistent

  5. X-ray beam-position feedback system with easy-to-use beam-position monitor.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Jae Yeon; Kim, Yesul; Lee, Sangsul; Lim, Jun

    2018-05-01

    X-ray beam-position stability is indispensable in cutting-edge experiments using synchrotron radiation. Here, for the first time, a beam-position feedback system is presented that utilizes an easy-to-use X-ray beam-position monitor incorporating a diamond-fluorescence screen. The acceptable range of the monitor is above 500 µm and the feedback system maintains the beam position within 3 µm. In addition to being inexpensive, the system has two key advantages: it works without a scale factor for position calibration, and it has no dependence on X-ray energy, X-ray intensity, beam size or beam shape.

  6. Strain and electric field mediated manipulation of magnetism in La_(_1_-_x_)Sr_xMnO_3/BaTiO_3 heterostructures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schmitz, Markus

    2016-01-01

    Heterostructures of ferromagnetic La_1_-_xSr_xMnO_3 (LSMO) and ferroelectric BaTiO_3 (BTO) were produced and investigated for their structural and magnetic properties. The combination of these ferroic properties can lead to an artificial multiferroic. Special emphasis was given to the manipulation of magnetic properties by applying electric fields. A magneto-electric coupling could be observed in the heterostructures under investigation. Epitaxial LSMO thin films were grown on BTO substrates using a state-of-the-art oxide molecular beam epitaxy (OMBE) and a high oxygen sputtering system (HOPSS). Stoichiometric La_1_-_xSr_xMnO_3 films with doping levels of x=0.5 and x=0.3 were produced. The film quality in terms of roughness and crystalline structure was confirmed by X-ray scattering methods. The presence of structural domains in the BaTiO_3 single crystal substrate, whose proportion could be altered due to the application of electric fields, was shown by X-ray diffraction. Tensile strain is induced into the epitaxial La_1_-_xSr_xMnO_3 films in the whole temperature range under investigation. The magnetization of LSMO alteres by the variation of strain induced into the film, generated by the different structural phases of single crystal BaTiO_3 substrates. The magnetization shows sharp steps at the structural phase transition temperatures of BTO. The evaluation of magnetic hysteresis loops reveals a change of the magnetic anisotropy of LSMO for each structural phase of BTO, but also within the orthorhombic phase. Special focus was given to the manipulation of magnetic properties by the application of electric fields. A newly established measurement option was used to determine the magnetic response to an applied electric field as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The electrically induced modification of the magnetization is profound near the structural phase transition temperatures. Electrical hysteresis loops give a detailed view on the influence of the

  7. Search for UHE emission from Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stark, M.J.

    1993-01-01

    Data from the CYGNUS experiment has been searched for evidence of ultra high energy (UHE) emission from Cygnus X-3. An upper limit to continuous flux from the source is given. In addition, we find no evidence for episodic emission from Cygnus X-3 on any time scale from 3.3 minutes to 4 years. The results of searches for periodic emission from Cygnus X-3 will be presented at the conference

  8. Method for dose-reduced 3D catheter tracking on a scanning-beam digital x-ray system using dynamic electronic collimation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dunkerley, David A. P.; Funk, Tobias; Speidel, Michael A.

    2016-03-01

    Scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) is an inverse geometry x-ray fluoroscopy system capable of tomosynthesis-based 3D catheter tracking. This work proposes a method of dose-reduced 3D tracking using dynamic electronic collimation (DEC) of the SBDX scanning x-ray tube. Positions in the 2D focal spot array are selectively activated to create a regionof- interest (ROI) x-ray field around the tracked catheter. The ROI position is updated for each frame based on a motion vector calculated from the two most recent 3D tracking results. The technique was evaluated with SBDX data acquired as a catheter tip inside a chest phantom was pulled along a 3D trajectory. DEC scans were retrospectively generated from the detector images stored for each focal spot position. DEC imaging of a catheter tip in a volume measuring 11.4 cm across at isocenter required 340 active focal spots per frame, versus 4473 spots in full-FOV mode. The dose-area-product (DAP) and peak skin dose (PSD) for DEC versus full field-of-view (FOV) scanning were calculated using an SBDX Monte Carlo simulation code. DAP was reduced to 7.4% to 8.4% of the full-FOV value, consistent with the relative number of active focal spots (7.6%). For image sequences with a moving catheter, PSD was 33.6% to 34.8% of the full-FOV value. The root-mean-squared-deviation between DEC-based 3D tracking coordinates and full-FOV 3D tracking coordinates was less than 0.1 mm. The 3D distance between the tracked tip and the sheath centerline averaged 0.75 mm. Dynamic electronic collimation can reduce dose with minimal change in tracking performance.

  9. Underground muons from Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Price, L.E.

    1985-01-01

    Underground detectors, intended for searches for nucleon decay and other rare processes, have recently begun searching for evidence of astrophysical sources, particularly Cygnus X-3, in the cosmic ray muons they record. Some evidence for signals from Cygnus X-3 has been reported. The underground observations are reported here in the context of previous (surface) observations of the source at high energies. 25 refs., 8 figs

  10. X-ray imaging system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houston, J.M.

    1980-01-01

    A novel, high-speed apparatus for use in X-ray computerised tomography is described in detail. It consists of a semi-circular array of X-ray sources, collimators and an ion chamber array for detection of the X-rays. The X-ray sources may be pulsed in salvos such that the corresponding detectors in the array are only illuminated by one source. The use of computer controlled salvos speeds up the image processing by at least a factor of two. The ion chamber array is designed to have a constant detection efficiency for varying angles of X-ray incidence. A detailed description of the detector construction and suggested gaseous fillings are given. It is claimed that the present tomographic system allows fast and accurate imaging of internal body organs and is insensitive to the blurring effects which motion of these organs tends to produce. (UK)

  11. NMR study of 59Co in Gdsub(1-x)Ysub(x)(Fesub(0.7)Cosub(0.3))2 and Gdsub(1-x)Ysub(x)(Fesub(0.5)Cosub(0.5))2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ichinose, Kazuyoshi; Yoshie, Hiroshi; Nagai, Hiroyuki; Tsujimura, Akira; Fujiwara, Katsuyuki.

    1982-01-01

    Nuclear magnetic resonance of 59 Co nuclei in Gdsub(1-x)Ysub(x)(Fesub(.7)Cosub(.3)) 2 and Gdsub(1-x)Ysub(x)(Fesub(.5)Cosub(.5)) 2 has been observed at 77 K as a function of Y concentration. The contribution of 4f electrons of Gd atoms to the hyperfine fields is estimated as at most 10 kOe in these two systems. This value is interpreted as the sum of the change in three kinds of contributions caused by Y substitution; the core polarization in the central Co atom, the conduction electron polarization arising from nearest neighbor Fe and Co atoms and the transferred typerfine field from neighboring Gd atoms. The temperature dependence of resonance frequencies in Gd(Fesub(.7)Cosub(.3)) 2 and Gd(Fesub(.5)Cosub(.5)) 2 has also been measured. (author)

  12. Shimadzu magnetic resonance imaging system, SMT-50X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kohno, Kazuhiro; Yamauchi, Mikio; Shimizu, Koji; Fujio, Yasuo

    1990-01-01

    We have already had the passage of five years, since 0.5 T MRI system named SMT-50A had been announced. On the other hand, many severe efforts in the fields of both technic and diagnosis have been done to get higher image quality having more informations and they caused recent abrupt progress in MRI. To reply these demands, we have developed new 0.5T super-conductive MRI system 'SMT-50X', having the following features in the points of image quality, operability and economy. (1) RF antenna, called multipolarization has been developed. (2) Compact gantry having a large bore size has been designed for patient to get enough view in it. (3) Easier operation could be done by means of multitask software system. This paper introduces the outline, features and clinical images acquired by SMT-50X. (author)

  13. Luminescent and scintillation properties of the Pr"3"+ doped single crystalline films of Lu_3Al_5_−_xGa_xO_1_2 garnet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gorbenko, V.; Zorenko, Yu; Zorenko, T.; Voznyak, T.; Paprocki, K.; Fabisiak, K.; Fedorov, A.; Bilski, P.; Twardak, A.; Zhusupkalieva, G.

    2016-01-01

    The Pr"3"+ d–f luminescence was investigated in the single crystalline films (SCF) of Lu_3Al_5_−_xGa_xO_1_2:Pr garnet solid solution at x = 1–3, grown by the liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method from the melt-solution based on the PbO–B_2O_3 flux. The shape of CL spectra and decay kinetics of Pr"3"+ ions in Lu_3Al_5_−_xGa_xO_1_2 SCFs strongly depend on the total gallium concentration x and distribution of Ga"3"+ ions between the tetrahedral and octahedral position of the garnet host. The best scintillation properties of Lu_3Al_5_−_xGa_xO_1_2:Pr SCF are achieved at the nominal Ga content in melt-solution in the x = 2–2.5 range. - Highlights: • Single crystalline films of Lu_3Al_5_−_x Ga_xO_1_2:Pr garnet at x = 1–3 were grown by the LPE method. • Pr"3"+ emission spectra, light yield and decay time of films show strong dependence on Ga content. • The maximal light yield of Lu_3Al_5_−_x Ga_xO_1_2:Pr film is observed at Ga content x = 2.0–2.5.

  14. Electronic structure of YbNiX{sub 3} (X =Si, Ge) studied by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sato, Hitoshi; Shimada, Kenya; Namatame, Hirofumi [Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 2-313, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046 (Japan); Utsumi, Yuki [Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187 Dresden (Germany); Kodama, Junichi; Nagata, Heisuke [Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 (Japan); Avila, Marcos A.; Ribeiro, Raquel A. [Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre - SP, 09210-580 (Brazil); Umeo, Kazunori [Cryogenics and Instrumental Analysis Division, N-BARD, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 (Japan); Takabatake, Toshiro [Department of Quantum Matter, AdSM, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530 (Japan); Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530 (Japan); Mimura, Kojiro; Motonami, Satoru; Anzai, Hiroaki [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531 (Japan); Ueda, Shigenori [Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science, Hyogo 679-5148 (Japan); Taniguchi, Masaki [Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 2-313, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046 (Japan); Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-3-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 (Japan)

    2015-06-15

    lectronic structure of the Kondo lattices YbNiX{sub 3} (X =Si, Ge) has been investigated by means of hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) with hν = 5.95 keV. From the Yb 3d HAXPES spectra, the Yb valence in YbNiSi{sub 3} is estimated to be ∝ 2.92, which is almost temperature-independent. On the other hand, the valence in YbNiGe{sub 3} is estimated to be 2.48 at 300 K, showing significant valence fluctuation, and gradually decreases to 2.41 at 20 K on cooling. The Ni 2p{sub 3/2} and Yb{sup 3+} 4f peaks exhibit opposite energy shifts amounting to ∝ 0.6 eV between YbNiSi{sub 3} and YbNiGe{sub 3}. We propose a simple model for the electronic structure of YbNiX{sub 3} based on the HAXPES results. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  15. Structure and magnetic transport properties of GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} intermetallics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    He, Qiang; Guo, Yongquan, E-mail: yqguo@ncepu.edu.cn; Liu, Hanyuan

    2016-03-01

    The crystal structures and magneto-transport properties of GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} have been investigated using X-ray diffraction and magnetic and electric measurements. GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} crystallize in cubic structure, and their lattice parameters tend to decrease with increasing Mn content due to the size effect at In site by Mn substitution for In. Mn doped GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} order antiferromagnetically at low temperature. However, Mn doping into GdIn{sub 3} causes the decrease of Néel temperature due to the distortion of Gd(In,Mn){sub 3} tetrahedron formed by Gd at corners and (In,Mn) at face centers in unit cell. The resistivities of GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} are going up with increasing Mn content. The electric phase transition is associated with the magnetic transition, and the magneto-transport follows electron–magnon scattering model in low temperature region and the Stoner spin fluctuation model in high temperature region, respectively. - Highlights: • Novel GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} intermetallic compounds have been successfully prepared. • The lattice parameters tend to decrease with increasing Mn content. • GdIn{sub 3x}Mn{sub x} orders antiferromagnetically at low temperature. • The strong correlation between the electric transport and magnetic state is observed.

  16. PROTOTYPING NON-EQUILIBRIUM VISCOUS-TIMESCALE ACCRETION THEORY USING LMC X-3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cambier, Hal J.; Smith, David M. [Physics Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States)

    2013-04-10

    Explaining variability observed in the accretion flows of black hole X-ray binary systems remains challenging, especially concerning timescales less than, or comparable to, the viscous timescale but much larger than the inner orbital period despite decades of research identifying numerous relevant physical mechanisms. We take a simplified but broad approach to study several mechanisms likely relevant to patterns of variability observed in the persistently high-soft Roche-lobe overflow system LMC X-3. Based on simple estimates and upper bounds, we find that physics beyond varying disk/corona bifurcation at the disk edge, Compton-heated winds, modulation of total supply rate via irradiation of the companion, and the likely extent of the partial hydrogen ionization instability is needed to explain the degree, and especially the pattern, of variability in LMC X-3 largely due to viscous dampening. We then show how evaporation-condensation may resolve or compound the problem given the uncertainties associated with this complex mechanism and our current implementation. We briefly mention our plans to resolve the question, refine and extend our model, and alternatives we have not yet explored.

  17. Thermoelectric properties of p-type pseudo-binary (Ag0.365Sb0.558Te) x -(Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3)1-x (x=0-1.0) alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cui, J.L.; Xue, H.F.; Xiu, W.J.; Jiang, L.; Ying, P.Z.

    2006-01-01

    In this paper, pseudo-binary (Ag 0.365 Sb 0.558 Te) x -(Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) 1- x (x=0-1.0) alloys were prepared using spark plasma sintering technique, and the composition-dependent thermoelectric properties were evaluated. Electrical conductivities range from 7.9x10 4 to 15.6x10 4 Ω -1 m -1 at temperatures of 507 and 318 K, respectively, being about 3.0 and 8.5 times those of Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 alloy at the corresponding temperatures. The optimal dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of the sample with molar fraction x=0.025 reaches 1.1 at 478 K, whereas that of the ternary Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 alloy is 0.58 near room temperature. The results also reveal that a direct introduction of Ag 0.365 Sb 0.558 Te in the Bi-Sb-Te system is much more effective to the property improvement than naturally precipitated Ag 0.365 Sb 0.558 Te in the Ag-doped Ag-Bi-Sb-Te system. - Graphical abstract: The temperature dependence of the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT for different (Ag 0.365 Sb 0.558 Te) x -(Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 ) 1- x (x=0-1.0) alloys prepared by spark plasma sintering

  18. 207Pb and 205Tl NMR on Perovskite Type Crystals APbX3 (A = Cs, Tl, X = Br, I)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sharma, Surendra; Weiden, Norbert; Weiss, Alarich

    1987-11-01

    By 205Tl and 207Pb NM R the chemical shift in polycrystalline samples of binary halides AX, BX2 and ternary halides ABX3 (A = Cs, Tl; B = Pb; X = Br, I) was studied at room temperature. The chemical shift tensors δ ( 205Tl) and δ (207Pb) were determined in magnitude and orientation on single crystals of the orthorhombic TlPbI3. The components of the δ(205Tl) tensor are δx (205Tl) || a = 611ppm; δy (205Tl) || b = 680 ppm; δZ(205Tl) || c = 1329 ppm; δiso(205Tl) = 873.3 ppm (with respect to 3.4 molar aqueous solution of TlOOCCH3). The chemical shift tensor of 207Pb in TlPbI3 shows two orientations. One of them is: δx (207Pb) = 3760 ppm, inclined 30° from b towards c, δy(207Pb) || a = 3485 ppm, δz(207Pb) = 2639 ppm inclined 120° from b towards c. δiso(207Pb) = 3295 ppm (with respect to saturated aqueous solution of Pb(NO3)2). The results are discussed with respect to the crystal structure and a model to explain orientation and anisotropy of the tensors δ(205Tl) and δ(207Pb) in TlPbI3 is proposed. In the system CsPbBr3-x Ix δ(207Pb) was studied on polycrystalline samples. The chemical shift increases with increasing x and negative excess shift is observed.

  19. The design of a measuring system for soft X ray absolute intensity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cui Congwu; Cui Mingqi

    1997-01-01

    The design of a measuring system for soft X ray absolute intensity in detail is presented. The system consists of two parts: the ionization chamber, the silicon photodiode and its transferring system. The system can be used as the primary standard detector for the measurement of soft X ray absolute radiation flux in the energy range of 50 to 2000 eV after being calibrated. The whole system will be installed to the newly built beamline of 3W1B at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

  20. Ce2O3-SO3-H2O system at 150 and 200 deg C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belokoskov, V.I.; Trofimov, G.V.; Govorukhina, O.A.

    1978-01-01

    The solubility, solid phase composition and crystal characteristics in the Ce 2 O 3 -SO 3 -H 2 O system have been studied in a broad range of sulfuric acid concentrations (25 to 80% SO 3 ) at temperatures from 150 to 200 deg C. It has been established that in the system the equilibrium had been reached after 15 to 20 days. At 150 deg C, Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 x2H 2 O, Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 xH 2 O sulfates and Ce 2 (SO 4 ) 3 x3H 2 SO 4 acid salt crystallize in the system. At 200 deg C, the same sulfates crystallize in the system, except that the bisaturation points of the system are shifted, with respect to 150 deg C, into the region of higher SO 3 concentration and correspond to solutions with a SO 3 concentration of 57.8 and 65%. The solubility of cerium(3) at 150 deg C is about 0.5% Ce 2 O 3 . An increase in temperature up to 200 deg C leads to a slightly higher solubility of cerium sulfates

  1. Effect of second introduced phase on magnetic and magnetotransport properties of (1-x)La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.9Co0.1O3/x% Ag (x=0%, 2%, 4%) nanocomposites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shah, Hiral D.; Bhalodia, J. A.

    2018-05-01

    The structural, magnetic and magnetotransport properties of (1-x)La0.7Sr0.3Mn0.9Co0.1O3(LSMCO)/x% Ag (x=0%, 2%, 4%) nanocomposites were investigated to explore the role of second introduced phase. (1-x) LSMCO/x% Ag (x=0%, 2%, 4%) nanocomposites are prepared via solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM analysis indicated that x% of Ag are not substituted into the main LSMCO phase and remains an additive to the second phase at grain boundaries [1]. The structural parameters and the reliability factors for all the samples were successfully determined by the Rietveld refinement. Magnetization and transport properties of (1-x)LSMCO/x% Ag nanocomposites have been reported. Resistivity of the composite samples increases with Ag content in comparison with the pure LSMCO, and suppressed with applied magnetic field in all the composite samples [2]. The metal-insulator transition (TMI) and accompanied paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition (TC) temperatures decrease with increase in Ag content. The electrical resistivity of the experimental results is explored by theoretical model below TMI. The maximum MR was observed to be 55% in the x=4% sample at 5 K temperature under 7 T magnetic field, this value is larger than that of pure LSMCO (19% at 5 K and 7 T), which is encouraging for practical application. Summarily, the addition of Ag in LSMCO improves MR% values significantly due to the more grain boundary contribution and result in better physical properties of the parent manganite system.

  2. Heteroepitaxial growth of Ba1 - xSrxTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7 - x by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chern, C. S.; Liang, S.; Shi, Z. Q.; Yoon, S.; Safari, A.; Lu, P.; Kear, B. H.; Goodreau, B. H.; Marks, T. J.; Hou, S. Y.

    1994-06-01

    Epitaxial Ba1-xSrxTiO3(BST)/YBa2Cu3O7-x heterostructures with superior electrical and dielectric properties have been fabricated by plasma-enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PE-MOCVD). Data of x-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that oriented Ba1-xSrxTiO3 layers were epitaxially deposited on epitaxial (001) YBa2Cu3O7-x layers. The leakage current density through the Ba1-xSrxTiO3 films was about 10-7 A/cm2 at 2 V (about 2×105 V/cm) operation. Moreover, the results of capacitance-temperature measurements showed that the PE-MOCVD Ba1-xSrxTiO3 films had Curie temperatures of about 30 °C and a peak dielectric constant of 600 at zero bias voltage. The Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and x-ray diffraction results showed that the BST film composition was controlled between Ba0.75Sr0.25TiO3 and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3. The structural and electrical properties of the Ba1-xSrxTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-x heterostructure indicated that conductive oxide materials with close lattice to Ba1-xSrxTiO3 can be good candidates for the bottom electrode.

  3. Scintillation characteristics of nonstoichiometric phases formed in MF sub 2 -GdF sub 3 -CeF sub 3 systems Part III. Dense Gd sub 1 sub - sub x sub - sub y M sub x Ce sub y F sub 3 sub - sub x tysonite-related crystals (M=Ca, Sr)

    CERN Document Server

    Kobayashi, M; Sobolev, B P; Zhmurova, Z I; Krivandina, E A; Nikl, M

    1999-01-01

    We evaluated the scintillation characteristics and the radiation hardness of Gd sub 1 sub - sub x Ca sub x F sub 3 sub - sub x and Gd sub 1 sub - sub x Sr sub x F sub 3 sub - sub x tysonite-type solid solutions (close to 6.6 g/cm sup 3 in density) doped with Ce which were grown from the congruent melt. As the Ce concentration increased, the Ce sup 3 sup + emission at 345 nm increased to a level comparable with the Gd sup 3 sup + emission at 310 nm. Both emissions, however, were slow with the decay constant in the order of ms. The radiation hardness, which was roughly 10 sup 4 rad, tends to degrade as the wavelength decreases and/or the Ce concentration increases. Both spontaneous recovery and UV annealing of the radiation damages were significant. The intensity of the gamma-ray excited luminescence, integrated over time, was as large as 50% of that in BaF sub 2 (12% of that in CdWO sub 4). When the Ce concentration is nil or only small, the yellow-green luminescence for UV excitation was as intense as in CdWO...

  4. Search for underground muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3 in the Frejus detector. Cygnus X-3 at high energies: to be or not to be

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chardin, G.

    1987-04-01

    The 900 ton Frejus calorimetric detector is described; it comprises one million detection flash and Geiger tubes. The Cygnus X-3 system is described at low energy, and particularly in the X-ray and radio range where its observation is well established. The analysis realized with the data accumulated by the Frejus detector is presented in order to search for muons from the direction of Cygnus X-3. This negative result is compared to that of the other underground experiments. This result is shown to be clearly in contradiction with the observation reported by the NUSEX experiment, in similar experimental conditions. The widely accepted observations from Cygnus X-3 at high energies are reevaluated in a critical review. It is shown that, in all energy ranges above 1 MeV, the observations cannot be considered as convincing. Concerning the satellite based experiments, the positive result reported by the SAS-2 group can be made compatible with the negative result by the COS-B experiment if the gamma-ray background in the vicinity of Cygnus X-3 is reinterpreted. In the domain of atmospheric Cerenkov experiments, it is shown that none of the observations is convincing and that the agreement between these experiments is only superficial. Air shower experiments appear to present important contradictions. It has been proposed that the emission of Cygnus X-3 could be decreasing with a characteristic time of a few years; a more convincing interpretation is proposed. The fact that the source escapes a totally convincing detection with such a regularity is shown to be highly improbable. Finally, the characteristics of experiments which would allow an inambiguous detection of Cygnus X-3 at high energies are reviewed [fr

  5. Synthesis and Characterization of Perovskite Type La1-xSrxAlO3-sigma(0<=X<=0.3) by Co-Precipitation Method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mahmoud, O.; Abderezak, G.

    2015-01-01

    This work shows the electrochemical activity of O/sub 2/ evolution reaction in KOH of perovskite type- aluminate oxide (La/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/AlO/sub 3-sigma/ with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3). La/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/AlO/sub 3-sigma/ (0<x<0.3) was prepared by co-precipitation method. The white precipitates were then washed in distilled water by centrifugation, and calcined at 1000/degree C/ for 6h, the pure phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal (TG/DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), specific surface area (BET). The MEB micrographs are shown of the spherical grains and uniform agglomeration of the grains. The oxide powders were used as the films to form a support on Ni/oxides. Oxygen evolution on each oxide catalyst was signed in the cyclic voltammetry with +- 15 V range and the electrochemical impedance in the equivalent of 100 kHz. The results point out the electrode activity and stability of the x = 0.3 composition. (author)

  6. On ternary intermetallic aurides. CaAu{sub 2}Al{sub 2}, SrAu{sub 2-x}Al{sub 2+x} and Ba{sub 3}Au{sub 5+x}Al{sub 6-x}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stegemann, Frank [Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Benndorf, Christopher [Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Institut fuer Physikalische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Institut fuer Mineralogie, Kristallographie und Materialwissenschaften, Universitaet Leipzig (Germany); Zhang, Yuemei; Fokwa, Boniface P.T. [Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA (United States); Bartsch, Manfred; Zacharias, Helmut [Physikalisches Institut, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Eckert, Hellmut [Institut fuer Physikalische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Instituto de Fisica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil); Janka, Oliver [Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Institut fuer Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg (Germany)

    2017-11-17

    The intermetallic compound CaAu{sub 2}Al{sub 2}, and the members of the solid solutions SrAu{sub 2-x}Al{sub 2+x} (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) and Ba{sub 3}Au{sub 5+x}Al{sub 6-x} (x = 0, 0.14, 0.49) were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules. The Ca compound crystallizes with the orthorhombic ThRu{sub 2}P{sub 2} type structure, whereas the targeted SrAu{sub 2}Al{sub 2} was found to form a solid solution according to SrAu{sub 2-x}Al{sub 2+x}. For the Ba system no ''BaAu{sub 2}Al{sub 2}'' was found, however, Ba{sub 3}Au{sub 5+x}Al{sub 6-x} was discovered to crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with its own structure type. The samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and their crystal structures were refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. All compounds were characterized furthermore by susceptibility measurements. The crystallographic aluminum sites of CaAu{sub 2}Al{sub 2} and Ba{sub 3}Au{sub 5}Al{sub 6} can be differentiated by {sup 27}Al solid state NMR spectra on the basis of their different electric field gradients, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The electron transfer from the alkaline earth metals and the aluminum atoms onto the gold atoms was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) classifying these intermetallics as aurides, in full agreement with the calculated Bader charges. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  7. Resonant X-ray scattering in correlated systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Murakami, Youichi [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan). Inst. of Materials Structure Science; Ishihara, Sumio (ed.) [Tohoku Univ., Sendai, Miyagi (Japan). Dept. of Physics

    2017-03-01

    The research and its outcomes presented here is devoted to the use of X-ray scattering to study correlated electron systems and magnetism. Different X-ray based methods are provided to analyze three dimensional electron systems and the structure of transition-metal oxides. Finally the observation of multipole orderings with X-ray diffraction is shown.

  8. Resonant x-ray scattering in correlated systems

    CERN Document Server

    Ishihara, Sumio

    2017-01-01

    The research and its outcomes presented here is devoted to the use of x-ray scattering to study correlated electron systems and magnetism. Different x-ray based methods are provided to analyze three dimensional electron systems and the structure of transition-metal oxides. Finally the observation of multipole orderings with x-ray diffraction is shown.

  9. Structural and physical properties of Mg3-xZnxSb2 (x=0-1.34)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahmadpour, Faraz; Kolodiazhnyi, Taras; Mozharivskyj, Yurij

    2007-01-01

    The Mg 3-x Zn x Sb 2 phases with x=0-1.34 were prepared by direct reactions of the elements in tantalum tubes. According to the X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction, the Mg 3-x Zn x Sb 2 phases crystallize in the same P3-bar m1 space group as the parent Mg 3 Sb 2 phase. The Mg 3-x Zn x Sb 2 structure is different from the other substituted structures of Mg 3 Sb 2 , such as (Ca, Sr, Ba) Mg 2 Sb 2 or Mg 5.23 Sm 0.77 Sb 4 , in a way that in Mg 3-x Zn x Sb 2 the Mg atoms on the tetrahedral sites are replaced, while in the other structures Mg on the octahedral sites is replaced. Thermoelectric performance for the two members of the series, Mg 3 Sb 2 and Mg 2.36 Zn 0.64 Sb 2 , was evaluated from low to room temperatures through resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity measurements. In contrast to Mg 3 Sb 2 which is a semiconductor, Mg 2.36 Zn 0.64 Sb 2 is metallic and exhibits an 18-times larger dimensionless figure-of-merit, ZT, at room temperature. However, thermoelectric performance of Mg 2.36 Zn 0.64 Sb 2 is still poor and it is mostly due to its large electrical resistivity. - Graphical abstract: The Mg atoms in Mg 3 Sb 2 were successfully substituted with Zn, with Zn going exclusively into the tetrahedral sites. Zn substitution increases the electrical conductivity in Mg 2.36 Zn 0.64 Sb 2 by closing the band gap. This change combined with a decrease in the thermal conductivity improves the ZT value

  10. Morphology and composition tailoring of Co x Fe3 - x O4 nanoparticles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandes de Medeiros, I. A.; Madigou, V.; Lopes-Moriyama, A. L.; Pereira de Souza, C.; Leroux, Ch.

    2018-01-01

    Nano-octahedra of cobalt ferrite Co x Fe3 - x O4 (1 ≤ x hydrothermal method using nitrates as precursors. For the first time, single-phased nano-octahedra of cobalt-rich ferrite Co x Fe3 - x O4 ( x = 1.5) were synthesized. The nano-octahedra are crystallized in a normal spinel structure, with tetrahedral sites occupied by Co2+. This specific octahedral shape was obtained with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants. The nature of the surfactant influenced the chemical composition of the powder and the size of the nano-octahedra. The {100} truncation of the octahedra is more pronounced for the small particles. For the first time, single-phased nanoparticles with as much as x = 1.8 cobalt were synthesized with ethylene glycol as solvent. These nanoparticles, around 8 nm in size, have no specific shape and possess a lacunar spinel structure similar to maghemite. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.

  11. X window terminals in TRIUMF's central control system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kadantsev, S.G.; Kadantseva, T.P.; Davison, B.; Diel, D.A.; Grant, P.A.; Klassen, E.; Lee, K.S.; Mouat, M.M.; Richards, J.E.; Yogendran, P.J.

    1994-08-01

    TRIUMF's Central Control System is being upgraded. In this process, an environment that suits the needs of cyclotron operational use and the Controls Group's development and maintenance duties has been sought. Over the years since TRIUMF's inception, workstations and a variety of dedicated input/output devices have been introduced into the main console of the Control Room and into the offices of the Controls Group personnel. A number of factors including the overhead of system management, price/performance, time to obsolescence, flexibility, and reliability have affected the suitability of workstations and the other I/O devices. In the new configuration, a generic display device plays a very important role in the Central Control System. X terminals have proven to be superior to workstations and other display devices and are now the display medium of choice in TRIUMF's Controls Group. This paper reviews the TRIUMF Controls Group's experiences with X terminals. A number of aspects of X terminal use in a particle accelerator environment are discussed. Topics include functionality, hardware configuration, software management, relative cost, performance, reliability, boot mechanisms, application suitability, and operator acceptance. (author). 8 refs., 3 figs

  12. Phonon dynamics of the Sn/Ge(111)-(3 x 3) surface

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farias, D.; Kaminski, W.; Lobo, J.; Ortega, J.; Hulpke, E.; Perez, R.; Flores, F.; Michel, E.G.

    2004-01-01

    We present a theoretical and experimental study on the phonon dynamics of the low-temperature Sn/Ge(111)-(3 x 3) structure. High-resolution helium atom scattering (HAS) data show that, besides the Rayleigh wave, there are three surface phonon branches with low dispersion related to the (3 x 3) surface phase. Their energies are approximately 6.5, 4, and 3meV at the Γ-bar point. In addition, we detect phonon peaks in the Q range 0.4-0.5A -1 at ∼2meV, which correspond to (3 x 3) folding of the Rayleigh wave. Ab initio DFT-GGA total energy calculations have been performed to determine the frequencies associated with the vertical displacements of the three Sn atoms in the unit cell. The values obtained are in good agreement with the experiment

  13. A 500-MHz x-ray counting system with a silicon avalanche photodiode

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kishimoto, Shunji

    2009-01-01

    In the present measurements using a Si-APD X-ray detector and a 500-MHz counting system, the maximum output rate of 3.3x10 8 s -1 was achieved for 8-keV X-rays in beamline BL-14A of the Photon Factory. A small Si-APD of 4-pF electric capacity was used as the detector device in order to output a pulse of a width shorter than 2 ns on the baseline. For processing the fast pulses, the discriminator and the scaler having a throughput of >500 MHz, were prepared. Since the acceleration frequency at the PF ring was 500.1 MHz and the empty-bunch spacing was 12/312 bunches per circumference, the expected maximum rate was 4.8x10 8s-1 according to the counting model for a pulsed photon source. The reason why the present system did not reach the expected value was the baseline shift at the amplifier outputs. The rise of +0.2 V was observed at a discriminator output of 3.3x10 8 s -1 , while the pulse height was lower than 0.2 V. The baseline shift was caused by an AC coupling circuit in the amplifier. If a DC coupling circuit can be used for the amplifier, instead of the AC coupling circuit, or an active adjustment to compensate the baseline shift is installed, the counting system will show an ideal response. Although the present system including NIM modules was not so compact, we would like to develop a new fast-counting circuit for a Si-APD array detector of more than 100 channels of small pixels, in near future. (author)

  14. Measurement of excitation functions and isomeric ratios of the reactions 103Rh(3He, xn) sup(106-x)Ag where x=2, 3 and 4

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Borges, A.M.

    1981-01-01

    The excitation functions and isomer ratios for the reactions 103 Rh( 3 He, xn) sup(106-x)Ag, where x=2, 3 and 4, were measured with projectile Lab energy varying from 23 to 35 MeV. Since the half-life of sup(103m)Ag is equal to 5.7 s. the use of a recoil nucleous gas jet transport system became necessary. The values measured for the cross-sections were compared to those yielded by the ALICE code. The experimental isomer ratios are smaller than those calculated using the residual nucleus spin distribution obtained with the ALICE code. By-pass fractions as expected in this mass region were also obtained. (Author) [pt

  15. 3-d chemical imaging using angle-scan nanotomography in a soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hitchcock, A.P.; Johansson, G.A. [McMaster, BIMR, Hamilton (Canada); Mitchell, G.E. [Dow Chemical, Analytical Science, Midland, MI (United States); Keefe, M.H. [Dow Chemical, Dow Latex, Midland, MI (United States); Tyliszcak, T. [LBNL, Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, CA (United States)

    2008-08-15

    Three-dimensional chemical mapping using angle scan nanotomography in a soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) has been used to investigate the spatial distributions of a low density polyacrylate polyelectrolyte ionomer inside submicron sized polystyrene microspheres. Acquisition of tomograms at multiple photon energies provides true, quantifiable 3-d chemical sensitivity. Both pre-O 1s and C 1s results are shown. The study reveals aspects of the 3-d distribution of the polyelectrolyte that were inferred indirectly or had not been known prior to this study. The potential and challenges for extension of the technique to studies of other polymeric and to biological systems is discussed. (orig.)

  16. Spectroscopic and quantum-chemical investigation of association of ions in acetonitrile - LiX (X=I, ClO4, NCS) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Semenov, S.G.; Solov'eva, L.A.; Akopyan, S.Kh.

    1995-01-01

    Data on association constants of ions in acetonitrile-salt binary systems, obtained from the data on intensity of IR absorption bands of acetonitrile (Acn) molecules contained in solvate shells of Li + cations, have been analyzed. Using the CCP MO LCAO semiempirical method in the PPDP approximation, electronic structure of acetonitrile molecule and Acn k Li + and Acn m Li + X - complexes has been studied. It is ascertained that relative stability of ionic pairs Acn 3 Li + X - , estimated by the squares of their dipole momenta (characterizing solvation energy) increases in the series X=I, ClO 4 , NCS in agreement with data of spectroscopic experiment, according to which the constant of ion association for LiNCS solution in acetonitrile is much higher than for the systems CH 3 CN-LiI and CH 3 CN-LiClO 4 . 13 refs.,2 figs., 2 tabs.64

  17. 21 CFR 892.1750 - Computed tomography x-ray system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Computed tomography x-ray system. 892.1750 Section... (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES RADIOLOGY DEVICES Diagnostic Devices § 892.1750 Computed tomography x-ray system. (a) Identification. A computed tomography x-ray system is a diagnostic x-ray system intended to...

  18. Electrical transport of (1-x)La0.7Ca0.3MnO3+xAl2O3 composites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Phong, P.T.; Khiem, N.V.; Dai, N.V.; Manh, D.H.; Hong, L.V.; Phuc, N.X.

    2009-01-01

    We report the resistivity (ρ)-temperature (T) patterns in (1-x)La 0,7 Ca 0,3 MnO 3 +xAl 2 O 3 composites (0≤x≤0.05) over a temperature regime of 50-300 K. Al 2 O 3 addition has increased the resistivity of these composites. The Curie temperature (T C ) is almost independent on the Al 2 O 3 content and is about 250 K for all the samples, while the metal-insulator transition temperature (T MI ) decreases with increasing Al 2 O 3 content. Based on the phenomenological equation for conductivity under a percolation approach, which is dependent on the phase segregation of ferromagnetic metallic clusters and paramagnetic insulating regions, we fitted the experimental data (ρ-T) from 50 to 300 K and find that the activation barrier increases as Al 2 O 3 content increases.

  19. Multilayer X-ray imaging systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shealy, D. L.; Hoover, R. B.; Gabardi, D. R.

    1986-01-01

    An assessment of the imaging properties of multilayer X-ray imaging systems with spherical surfaces has been made. A ray trace analysis was performed to investigate the effects of using spherical substrates (rather than the conventional paraboloidal/hyperboloidal contours) for doubly reflecting Cassegrain telescopes. These investigations were carried out for mirrors designed to operate at selected soft X-ray/XUV wavelengths that are of significance for studies of the solar corona/transition region from the Stanford/MSFC Rocket X-Ray Telescope. The effects of changes in separation of the primary and secondary elements were also investigated. These theoretical results are presented as well as the results of ray trace studies to establish the resolution and vignetting effects as a function of field angle and system parameters.

  20. Evaluation of X-ray System for Nondestructive Testing on Radioactive Waste Drums

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Jong Kil; Maeng, Seong Jun; Lee, Yeon Ee; Hwang, Tae Won

    2008-01-01

    The physical and chemical properties of radioactive waste drums, which have been temporarily stored on site, should be characterized before their shipment to a disposal facility in order to prove that the properties meet the acceptance guideline. The investigation of NDT(Nondestructive Test) method was figured out that the contents in drum, the quantitative analysis of free standing water and void fraction can be examined with X-ray NDT techniques. This paper describes the characteristics of X-ray NDT such as its principles, the considerations for selection of X-ray system, etc. And then, the waste drum characteristics such as drum type and dimension, contents in drum, etc. were examined, which are necessary to estimate the optimal X-ray energy for NDT of a drum. The estimation results were that: the proper X-ray energy is under 3 MeV to test the drums of 320 β and less; both X-ray systems of 450 keV and/or 3 MeV might be needed considering the economical efficiency and the realization. The number of drums that can be tested with 450 keV and 3 MeV X-ray system was figured out as 42,327 and 18,105 drums (based on storage of 2006. 12), respectively. Four testing scenarios were derived considering equipment procurement method, outsourcing or not, etc. The economical and feasibility assessment for the scenarios was resulted in that an optimal scenario is dependent on the acceptance guide line, the waste generator's policy on the waste treatment and the delivery to a disposal facility, etc. For example, it might be desirable that a waste generator purchases two 450 keV mobile system to examine the drums containing low density waste, and that outsourcing examination for the high density drums, if all NDT items such as quantitative analysis for 'free standing water' and 'void fraction', and confirmation of contents in drum have to be characterized. However, one 450 keV mobile system seems to be required to test only the contents in 13,000 drums per year.

  1. Computerized x-ray dose-monitoring system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hummel, R.H.; Wesenberg, R.L.; Amundson, G.M.

    1985-01-01

    An x-ray dose-monitoring system using a small digital computer is described. Initially, and for every 6 months afterward, the system is calibrated using an exposure meter. For each exposure, the computer receives values of x-ray technique and beam geometry from the x-ray generator through a specially designed electronic interface. Then, by means of calibration data, entrance exposure, area exposure product, and integral dose are obtained and printed for each patient examined. The overall accuracy of the system is better than +/-20%. Operation is semiautomatic, requiring minimum operator intervention. Over 2000 patients have been monitored with the device. Because the system is computer-based, it offers the opportunity for statistical analysis of the data base created, as the results for each patient are stored on computer disk

  2. Systems of Ba(PO3)2-Sr(Pu3)2, Cd(PO3)2-Ca(PO3)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tokman, I.A.; Bukhalova, G.A.

    1977-01-01

    Phase diagrams of the Ba(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 and Cd(PO 3 ) 2 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 systems have been studied and plotted by the methods of differential-thermal analysis (DTA), visual-polythermal, X-ray phase and infrared spectroscopy. The Ba(PO 3 ) 2 -Sr(PO 3 ) 2 system is of the eutectic type. In the binary system Cd(PO 3 ) 2 -Ca(PO 3 ) 2 the existence of a continuous series of solid solutions with a minimum at 858 deg C and 27.5 mol.% Ca(PO 3 ) 2 has been established

  3. X-framework: Space system failure analysis framework

    Science.gov (United States)

    Newman, John Steven

    Space program and space systems failures result in financial losses in the multi-hundred million dollar range every year. In addition to financial loss, space system failures may also represent the loss of opportunity, loss of critical scientific, commercial and/or national defense capabilities, as well as loss of public confidence. The need exists to improve learning and expand the scope of lessons documented and offered to the space industry project team. One of the barriers to incorporating lessons learned include the way in which space system failures are documented. Multiple classes of space system failure information are identified, ranging from "sound bite" summaries in space insurance compendia, to articles in journals, lengthy data-oriented (what happened) reports, and in some rare cases, reports that treat not only the what, but also the why. In addition there are periodically published "corporate crisis" reports, typically issued after multiple or highly visible failures that explore management roles in the failure, often within a politically oriented context. Given the general lack of consistency, it is clear that a good multi-level space system/program failure framework with analytical and predictive capability is needed. This research effort set out to develop such a model. The X-Framework (x-fw) is proposed as an innovative forensic failure analysis approach, providing a multi-level understanding of the space system failure event beginning with the proximate cause, extending to the directly related work or operational processes and upward through successive management layers. The x-fw focus is on capability and control at the process level and examines: (1) management accountability and control, (2) resource and requirement allocation, and (3) planning, analysis, and risk management at each level of management. The x-fw model provides an innovative failure analysis approach for acquiring a multi-level perspective, direct and indirect causation of

  4. Microwave dielectric properties of (Ca0.8Sr0.2)(SnxTi1−x)O3 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hsu, Cheng-Hsing; Chang, Chia-Hao

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► New microwave dielectric properties of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics were investigated. ► A single-phase solid solution containing orthorhombic Pbnm with different Sn contents was formed. ► A significant improvement of Q × f value and τ f were achieved by (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 system. ► Second phases were formed and affected the dielectric properties of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 system. ► Low cost and suitable τ f value of (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 demonstrate a good potential for use in microwave device. -- Abstract: In this paper, we study the behavior of the B-site behavior with the incorporation of Sn 4+ ion in (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )TiO 3 ceramics. An excess of Sn 4+ resulted in the formation of a secondary phase of CaSnO 3 and SrSnO 3 affecting the microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics. The dielectric properties of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics were improved because of the solid solution of Sn 4+ substitution in the B-site. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ) of the (Ca 0.8 Sr 0.2 )(Sn x Ti 1−x )O 3 ceramics also improved with increasing Sn content

  5. Illumination system for X-ray lithography

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Buckley, W.D.

    1989-01-01

    An X-ray lithography system is described, comprising: a point source of X-Ray radiation; a wafer plane disposed in spaced relation to the point source of X-Ray radiation; a mask disposed between the point source of X-Ray radiation and the wafer plane whereby X-Ray radiation from the point source of X-ray radiation passes through the mask to the water plane; and X-Ray absorbent means mounted between the point source of X-Ray radiation and the wafer plane, the X-Ray absorbent means being of quadratically absorption from maximum absorption at the center to minimum absorption at the edge so as to have a radial absorption gradient profile to compensate for radial flux variation of the X-Ray radiation

  6. On the growth of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx single crystal and characterization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Su, J.; Wang, W. F.; Lei, Y.; Zhang, L.; Xu, L. H.; Wang, D.; Lu, D.; Bai, Y.

    2018-05-01

    In this paper, CH3NH3PbI3-xClx crystal was grown by solution cooling method with CH3NH3I and PbCl2 as raw materials. Lead compounds and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx crystal with size about 6 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm were obtained. The chemical reactions with different CH3NH3I/PbCl2 ratios were analyzed. XPS shows the content of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx is about 0.91%. PXRD, FT-IR, Raman and absorbance spectra were used to study the structure and optical properties of CH3NH3PbI3-xClx by comparing with CH3NH3PbI3 crystal. The CH3NH3PbI3-xClx crystal grown is of tetragonal structure with the lattice constants a = b = 8.8165 Å, c = 12.7920 Å and the bandgap value of 1.57 eV.

  7. Atmospheric chemistry of n-CxF2x+1CHO (x = 1, 2, 3, 4)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hurley, M. D.; Ball, J. C.; Wallington, T. J.

    2006-01-01

    Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the atmospheric fate of n-C(x)F(2)(x)(+1)C(O) (x = 1, 2, 3, 4) radicals in 700 Torr O(2)/N(2) diluent at 298 +/- 3 K. A competition is observed between reaction with O(2) to form n-C(x)()F(2)(x)()(+1)C(O)O(2) radicals and decomposition to form n-C(x...... to the atmospheric chemistry of n-C(x)F(2)(x)(+1)C(O) radicals and their possible role in contributing to the formation of perfluorocarboxylic acids in the environment....

  8. ThPt{sub 3+x}Be (x = 0.08): crystal structure and physical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gumeniuk, Roman [Institut fuer Experimentelle Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany); Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany); Kohout, Miroslav; Schnelle, Walter; Burkhardt, Ulrich; Leithe-Jasper, Andreas [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany); Zschornak, Matthias [Institut fuer Experimentelle Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany)

    2017-01-03

    ThPt{sub 3+x}Be (x = 0.08) is synthesized by arc melting of a mixture of the elements. It crystallizes with its own type of structure [space group I4/mmm (No. 139), a = 7.7370(4), c = 11.4990(6) Aa], which can be related to the cubic Ru{sub 3}Sn{sub 7} and W{sub 2}Cr{sub 21}C{sub 6} types. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and specific heat indicate ThPt{sub 3+x}Be (x = 0.08) to be a diamagnet [χ{sub 0} = -9.0(3) x 10{sup -6} emu mol{sup -1}] with metallic electrical resistivity, in good agreement with the calculated electronic structure [N(E{sub F}) = 3.2 states eV{sup -1} f.u.{sup -1}]. A chemical bonding analysis was performed by the QTAIM and ELI-D approaches. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  9. Study on TV X-ray system characteristics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Semenov, A.P.; Volkov, A.V.

    1978-01-01

    The results are presented of comparative investigations into the main characteristics of TV X-ray systems (TXS) and X-ray radiography when X-raying of the 1Kh18N9T steel. The following characteristics are considered: the threshold contrast sensitivity, the sensitivity to revealing standard defects, and the dose rate of X-radiation at the input of the X-ray converter. Practical recommendations are given on the use of TXS in flaw detection of various materials. It is remarked to use introscopes for testing of thick welded products articles, and X-ray vidicon systems for study of low-contrast images (in testing of welds made by point welding, and of thin-wall products)

  10. Accuracy of x-ray image-based 3D localization from two C-arm views: a comparison between an ideal system and a real device

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brost, Alexander; Strobel, Norbert; Yatziv, Liron; Gilson, Wesley; Meyer, Bernhard; Hornegger, Joachim; Lewin, Jonathan; Wacker, Frank

    2009-02-01

    arm X-ray imaging devices are commonly used for minimally invasive cardiovascular or other interventional procedures. Calibrated state-of-the-art systems can, however, not only be used for 2D imaging but also for three-dimensional reconstruction either using tomographic techniques or even stereotactic approaches. To evaluate the accuracy of X-ray object localization from two views, a simulation study assuming an ideal imaging geometry was carried out first. This was backed up with a phantom experiment involving a real C-arm angiography system. Both studies were based on a phantom comprising five point objects. These point objects were projected onto a flat-panel detector under different C-arm view positions. The resulting 2D positions were perturbed by adding Gaussian noise to simulate 2D point localization errors. In the next step, 3D point positions were triangulated from two views. A 3D error was computed by taking differences between the reconstructed 3D positions using the perturbed 2D positions and the initial 3D positions of the five points. This experiment was repeated for various C-arm angulations involving angular differences ranging from 15° to 165°. The smallest 3D reconstruction error was achieved, as expected, by views that were 90° degrees apart. In this case, the simulation study yielded a 3D error of 0.82 mm +/- 0.24 mm (mean +/- standard deviation) for 2D noise with a standard deviation of 1.232 mm (4 detector pixels). The experimental result for this view configuration obtained on an AXIOM Artis C-arm (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Forchheim, Germany) system was 0.98 mm +/- 0.29 mm, respectively. These results show that state-of-the-art C-arm systems can localize instruments with millimeter accuracy, and that they can accomplish this almost as well as an idealized theoretical counterpart. High stereotactic localization accuracy, good patient access, and CT-like 3D imaging capabilities render state-of-the-art C-arm systems ideal devices for X

  11. Magnetic phase diagram simulation of La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} system by using Monte Carlo, Metropolis algorithm and Heisenberg model

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Restrepo-Parra, E., E-mail: erestrepopa@unal.edu.c [Departamento de Fisica y Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, A.A. 127 Manizales (Colombia); Salazar-Enriquez, C.D.; Londono-Navarro, J.; Jurado, J.F. [Departamento de Fisica y Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Manizales, A.A. 127 Manizales (Colombia); Restrepo, J. [Grupo de Magnetismo y Simulacion, Instituto de Fisica. Universidad de Antioquia, A.A. 1226, Medellin (Colombia)

    2011-06-15

    This work presents a critical temperature study of La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} manganites in bulk by means of Monte Carlo method thermal activated magnetic properties. The analysis was carried out for stoichiometries in the range of 0{<=}x{<=}1. The model is based on a three-dimensional classical Heisenberg-Hamiltonian involving the presence of Mn{sup 3+eg}, Mn{sup 3+eg'} and Mn{sup 4+} ions, and their nearest neighbor interaction. For this modeling, simple cubic lattice samples of size L{sup 3}, with L=6, 15 and 30 were used. The values of exchange parameters were determined by using LaMnO{sub 3} (x=0), La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5}MnO{sub 3} and CaMnO{sub 3} (x=1) phases. Relationships between exchange parameters and anisotropy constants for different hole densities were found. Results of transition temperatures for each phase showed good agreement with experimental reports, especially for L=30 and L{yields}{infinity}. - Research highlights: Stoichiometry influences the exchange interaction between magnetic ions. Charge and orbital ordering depend on the stoichiometry. LCMO magnetic phase diagram has a great variety of magnetic states.

  12. Electron microscopy and diffraction of barium-lanthanum ferrites: Ba/sub x/La/sub 1-x/FeO/sub 3-y/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Parras, M.; Vallet-Regi, M.; Gonzalez-Calbet, J.M.; Alario-Franco, M.; Grenier, J.C.

    1988-05-01

    The system formed by Ba/sub 2/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and LaFeO/sub 3/ has been studied at the microstructural level. Four different phases, which are metrical multiples of the perovskite cubic cell, appear as a function of the Ba/La ratio. Their microstructure ranges from three-dimensional multitwinning, as in LaFeO/sub 3/, to an apparently stoichiometric line phase of Ba/sub 2/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 5/ composition with parameters a = 23.40(1) A, b = 11.71(1) A, c = 7.05(1) A, and ..beta.. = 98/sup 0/3(1)'. For 0 < x < 0.25, cubic regions appear within a LaFeO/sub 3/ matrix. When x = 0.33, a double perovskite cell is intergrown with a single one. Such a single cubic perovskite is the only phase obtained in the 0.33 < x < 0.66 range.

  13. Development of real-time x-ray microtomography system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takano, H; Morikawa, M; Konishi, S; Azuma, H; Shimomura, S; Tsusaka, Y; Kagoshima, Y; Nakano, S; Kosaka, N; Yamamoto, K

    2013-01-01

    We have developed a four-dimensional (4D) x-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) system that can obtain time-lapse CT volumes in real time. The system consists of a high-speed sample rotation system and a high-frame-rate x-ray imager, which are installed at a synchrotron radiation x-ray beamline. As a result of system optimization and introduction of a 'zoom resolution' procedure, a real-time 4D CT movie with a frame rate of 30 was obtained with a voxel size of 2.5 μm using 10 keV x-rays

  14. Weak mixing angle and the SU(3)CxSU(3) model on M4xS1/(Z2xZ'2)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Tianjun; Wei Liao

    2002-05-01

    We show that the desirable weak mixing angle sin 2 θ W =0.2312 at m Z scale can be generated naturally in the SU(3) C xSU(3) model on M 4 xS 1 /(Z 2 x Z 2 ') where the gauge symmetry SU(3) is broken down to SU(2) L xU(1) Y by orbifold projection. For a supersymmetric model with a TeV scale extra dimension, the SU(3) unification scale is about hundreds of TeVs at which the gauge couplings for SU(3) C and SU(3) can also be equal in the mean time. For the non-supersymmetric model, SU(2) L xU(1) Y are unified at order of 10 TeV. These models may serve as good candidates for physics beyond the SM or MSSM. (author)

  15. Structural study of SiC(0 0 0 1)3x3 surface by surface X-ray diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aoyama, T.; Akimoto, K.; Ichimiya, A.; Hisada, Y.; Mukainakano, S.; Emoto, T.; Tajiri, H.; Takahashi, T.; Sugiyama, H.; Zhang, X.; Kawata, H.

    2003-01-01

    Surface structure of 6H-SiC(0 0 0 1)3x3 reconstruction has been studied by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation. We compared the Patterson map obtained from experimental structure factors with calculated Patterson maps estimated from the models that had been proposed. As the result, the calculated Patterson maps of Kulakov et al.'s [Surf. Sci. 346 (1996) 49] and Starke and coworkers' models [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 758; Phys. Rev. B 58 (1998) 10806; Surf. Rev. Lett. 6 (1999) 1129; Appl. Surf. Sci. 162-163 (2000) 9; Phys. Rev. B 62 (2000) 10335] are relatively in good agreement with experimental one. Therefore, we conclude that there is high possibility that either Kulakov et al.'s or Starke and coworkers' models are reasonable as the actual 3x3 structure

  16. Effect of Cd doping on magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior analysis on perovskite Nd1-xCdxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) manganite polycrystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saravanan, C.; Thiyagarajan, R.; Manikandan, K.; Sathiskumar, M.; Kanjariya, P. V.; Bhalodia, J. A.; Arumugam, S.

    2017-12-01

    We report the doping effect of divalent cation Cd2+ at Nd-site of intermediate bandwidth manganite system NdMnO3 through the temperature- and magnetic field-dependent magnetization measurements. The parent compound shows paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition at 56 K, whereas Cd doped samples show the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition with fluctuating TC. During this transition, Nd1-xCdxMnO3 (x = 0.1 and 0.2) samples exhibit first order nature, whereas Nd1-xCdxMnO3 (x = 0.3 and 0.4) samples exhibit second order nature. It confirms a crossover from first order transition to second order transition while x = 0.2 to x = 0.3. By having first order transition, x = 0.2 sample exhibits high magnetic entropy change of 3.62 J kg-1 K-1 for the magnetic field change of 5 T out of all compositions. By having second order transitions, x = 0.4 sample exhibits a high relative cooling power of 319.71 J kg-1 for the magnetic field change of 5 T out of all the compositions. The critical behavior of second order transition of x = 0.3 and 0.4 samples has been analyzed using Arrott and Kouvel-Fisher plots. The estimated critical exponents of these samples are nearly matched with the mean free model, which can be explained by the existence of dipole-dipole interaction by the Cd doping which strengthens long range ferromagnetic interactions between the spins.

  17. Mixed phosphates of the Na3PO4 - LnPO4 systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Slivko, T.A.; Smirnova, I.N.; Zimina, G.V.; Spiridonov, F.M.; Chudinova, N.N.

    2002-01-01

    The phase relationships in the systems Na 3 PO 4 - LnPO 4 (subsolidus 950 Deg C cross-sections), where Ln=Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, Lu, were studied by X-ray analysis. Reactions of the components were deduced, formed phases were separated and identified. The Na 6 Ln 3 (PO 4 ) 5 (Ln=Dy, Ho, Tm), Na 3 Ln 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (Ln=Tm, Yb, Lu) compounds and phases of the unstable composition Na 6+x Ln 3-x/3 (PO 4 ) 5 (Ln=Yb, Lu, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) were detected for the first time. In all systems the existence of the Na 3-x Ln x/3 PO 4 unstable composition phase on the basis of the high temperature modification of sodium phosphate (sp. gr. Fm3m) is established, suggesting that stabilization of this modification by rare earth ions is possible [ru

  18. The equilibrium diagram and some properties of alloys Gd5Sb3-Tb5Sb3 system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azizov, Yu.S.; Abulkhaev, V.D.; Ganiev, I.N.

    2001-01-01

    The purpose of present work is investigation equilibrium diagram of Gd 5 Sb 3 -Tb 5 Sb 3 system in total range of concentrations. Equilibrium diagram of Gd 5 Sb 3 -Tb 5 Sb 3 system investigated by methods of difference-thermal, roentgen-phase and metallographic analyses. For the first time on the base of difference-thermal, roentgen-phase and metallographic analyses was formed the equilibrium diagram of Gd 5 Sb 3 -Tb 5 Sb 3 system. Was determined the cristal-chemical parameters of solid solutions with general formula Gd x Tb 5 - x Sb 3

  19. Effect of silver doping on infrared reflectance and Tc of superconducting GdBa2Cu(1 - x)3Ag3xO7

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Memon, A.; Khan, M.N.; Al-Dallal, S.; Tanner, D.B.; Porter, C.D.

    1990-01-01

    This paper reports on infrared reflectance of GdBa 2 Cu(1 - x) 3 Ag 3x O 7 ceramic superconductor with the composition of x = 0.025 and 0.05 performed in the frequency range of 100--5000 cm -1 . All the infrared active phonon modes allowed by the selection rules were observed in the reflection spectra of these compounds. The optical conductivity as calculated from K--K analysis further confirms the existence of these optical phonons. Besides the increase of the reflectivity in the silver doped samples, an extra phonon mode is observed, which is normally not seen at room temperature reflectance of GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 compounds. The four probe resistivity measurement show zero resistance at 88 K for x = 0, and 78 K for x = 0.025 in GdBa 2 Cu(1 - x) 3 Ag 3x O 7 compound

  20. Photoluminescent properties of LiSrxBa1-xPO4:RE3+ (RE = Sm3+, Eu3+) f-f transition phosphors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tu Dong; Liang Yujun; Liu Rong; Cheng Zheng; Yang Fan; Yang Wenlong

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Novel phosphors LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Sm 3+ and LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Eu 3+ have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. → The LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Sm 3+ and LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Eu 3+ phosphors may be potential f-f transition phosphors used in LED. → The emission intensity of the LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Sm 3+ and LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 : Eu 3+ phosphors can be enhanced by increasing the value of x. - Abstract: Rare-earth ions (Sm 3+ or Eu 3+ ) doped LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) f-f transition phosphor powders were prepared by a high temperature solid-state reaction. The resulted phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results of XRD indicate that the phase structure of the sample changes from LiBaPO 4 to LiSrPO 4 when x changes from 0 to 1.0. The excitation spectra indicate that only direct excitation of rare earth ions (Sm 3+ or Eu 3+ ) can be observed. The doped rare earth ions show their characteristic emission in LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 , i.e., Eu 3+5 D 0 - 7 F J (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4), Sm 3+4 G 5/2 → 6 H J (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2), respectively. The dependence of the emission intensities of the LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 :Sm 3+ and LiSr x Ba 1-x PO 4 :Eu 3+ phosphors on the x value and Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = Sm 3+ , Eu 3+ ) concentration is also investigated.

  1. CH3NH3Pb1-xMgxI3 perovskites as environmentally friendly photovoltaic materials

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Y. D.; Feng, J.

    2018-01-01

    In an effort to reduce the toxicity of Pb in perovskite solar cells, the band structures, electron and hole effective masses, and electronic and optical properties of the novel perovskites CH3NH3Pb1-xMgxI3 were predicted using density functional theory with the scalar relativistic generalized gradient approximation. The calculation results indicated that the introduction of the Mg component caused the band gaps of the CH3NH3Pb1-xMgxI3 compounds to exceed that of CH3NH3PbI3. The calculated absorption coefficients of the CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3Pb1-xMgxI3 perovskites revealed that substituting 12.5 mol % of the Pb in CH3NH3PbI3 with Mg had little effect on the absorption ability. Surprisingly, it was also found that CH3NH3Pb0.75Mg0.25I3 retained up to 83% of the absorption performance relative to CH3NH3PbI3. This indicates that the amount of toxic Pb used in perovskite solar cells could be reduced by a quarter while retaining over 80% of the light-absorbing ability. In general, these novel CH3NH3Pb1-xMgxI3 (x ≤ 0.25) perovskites represent promising candidates for environmentally friendly light-harvesting materials for use in solar cells.

  2. Li3-xNaxV2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤3): Possible anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Pengfei; Shao, Lianyi; Qian, Shangshu; Yi, Ting-Feng; Yu, Haoxiang; Yan, Lei; Li, Peng; Lin, Xiaoting; Shui, Miao; Shu, Jie

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ≤ x3) series are firstly evaluated as anode materials. • Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 anodes show lithium storage activity in 1.0–3.0 V. • The lithium storage capability of different Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is compared. • Structural reversibility of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 is studied by in-situ XRD. - Abstract: In this paper, a series of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ≤ x3) are prepared by a solid state reaction and systematically evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Structural analysis shows that the phase structure of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 changes along with the evolution of Na content. Charge-discharge tests exhibit that Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 shows the highest initial charge specific capacity as high as 88.3 mAh g −1 among all the seven samples, and the reversible capacity is kept at 68.3 mAh g −1 after 45 cycles, corresponding to 77.3% of the initial charge capacity. With increasing of Na content in Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , the as-obtained sample show poorer lithium storage capability than Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . As a result, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 shows the inferior cycling performance than other Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . It can only deliver a reversible capacity of 20.9 mAh g −1 after 45 cycles, corresponding to 45.9% of the initial charge capacity. In-situ X-ray diffraction observations demonstrate that the poor electrochemical property of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 anode is due to the irreversible structural evolution during charge-discharge process. Therefore, reducing the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phase in as-obtained sample is a feasible route to improve the lithium storage capability of Li 3-x Na x V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .

  3. Trapping charges at grain boundaries and degradation of CH3NH3Pb(I1-x Br x )3 perovskite solar cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phuong Nguyen, Bich; Kim, Gee Yeong; Jo, William; Kim, Byeong Jo; Jung, Hyun Suk

    2017-08-01

    The electrical properties of CH3NH3Pb(I1-x Br x )3 (x = 0.13) perovskite materials were investigated under ambient conditions. The local work function and the local current were measured using Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, respectively. The degradation of the perovskite layers depends on their grain size. As the material degrades, an additional peak in the surface potential appears simultaneously with a sudden increase and subsequent relaxation of the local current. The potential bending at the grain boundaries and the intragrains is the most likely reason for the change of the local current surface of the perovskite layers. The improved understanding of the degradation mechanism garnered from this study helps pave the way toward an improved photo-conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells.

  4. Neutron diffraction and magnetic study of the Nd0.7Pb0.3Mn1-xFexO3 (0=<x=<0.1) perovskites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blanco, J.J.; Insausti, M.; Gil de Muro, I.; Lezama, L.; Rojo, T.

    2006-01-01

    The effect of Fe doping on the ferromagnetic Nd 0.7 Pb 0.3 Mn 1-x Fe x O 3 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) phases has been studied in order to analyze the double-exchange interaction. The structural and magnetic study has been carried out by neutron powder diffraction and susceptibility measurements between 1.7 and 300K. The substitution of Fe at the Mn site results in reductions in both the Curie temperature T c and the magnetic moment per Mn ion without appreciable differences in the crystal structures. All the compounds crystallize in Pnma space group. The thermal evolution of the lattice parameters of the Nd 0.7 Pb 0.3 Mn 1-x Fe x O 3 (x=0.025, 0.05, 0.075) compounds shows discontinuities in volume and lattice parameters close to the magnetic transition temperature. Increasing amounts of Fe 3+ reduces the double exchange interactions and no magnetic contribution for x=0.1 is observed. The magnetic structures of Nd 0.7 Pb 0.3 Mn 1-x Fe x O 3 (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075) compounds show that the Nd and Mn ions are ferromagnetically ordered

  5. Concurrent ionic migration and electronic effects at the memristive TiO x /La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x interface

    Science.gov (United States)

    Román Acevedo, W.; Ferreyra, C.; Sánchez, M. J.; Acha, C.; Gay, R.; Rubi, D.

    2018-03-01

    The development of reliable redox-based resistive random-access memory devices requires understanding and disentangling concurrent effects present at memristive interfaces. We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of TiO x /La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x microstructured interfaces and on the modeling of their memristive behavior. We show that a careful tuning of the applied external electrical stimuli allows controlling the redox process between both layers, obtaining multilevel non-volatile resistance states. We simulate the oxygen vacancies dynamics at the interface between both oxides, and successfully reproduce the experimental electrical behavior after the inclusion of an electronic effect, related to the presence of an n-p diode at the interface. The formation of the diode is due to the n- and p-character of TiO x and La1/3Ca2/3MnO3-x , respectively. Our analysis indicates that oxygen vacancies migration between both layers is triggered after the diode is polarized either in forward mode or in reverse mode above breakdown. Electrical measurements at different temperatures suggest that the diode can be characterized as Zener-type. The advantages of our junctions for their implementation in RRAM devices are finally discussed.

  6. Discussion of ALTERNATIVE systems for industrial radiography using X-ray films

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vaessen B.; Perdieus, P.; Proegler, H.

    1995-01-01

    Industrial radiography using X-ray films is an established method of NDE. In the last few years, ''novel developments'' have been put on the market as ''alternatives'' to conventional radiography, as e.g. fluorescent screen/film systems, cost-saving films, wide-latitude films, and storage phosphor films. AGFA as a market leader in the sector of X-ray films for industrial radiography has been testing these alternatives, taking into account image quality, sensitivity, handling in terms of portability, reliability, and the essential functions for NDE: (1) Detection of X-radiation; (2) conversion to optical image; (3) evaluation and validation; (4) documentation and archivation. The advantages and drawbacks, the information transfer capabilities, and the performance from the applications point of view are discussed primarily for fluorescent screen/film systems and storage phophor systems. (orig./MM) [de

  7. Influence of Fe doped on the magnetocaloric behavior of La_{{2}/{3}} Ca_{{1}/{3}} Mn1-x Fe x O3 compounds: a Monte Carlo simulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alzate-Cardona, J. D.; Barco-Rios, H.; Restrepo-Parra, E.

    2018-02-01

    The magnetocaloric behavior of La{2/{3}} Ca{1/{3}} Mn1-x Fe x O3 for x  =  0.00, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.10 under the influence of an external magnetic field was simulated and analyzed. Simulations were carried out using the Monte Carlo method and the classical Heisenberg model under the Metropolis algorithm. These mixed valence manganites are characterized by having three types of magnetic ions corresponding to Mn4+≤ft(S=\\frac{3}{2}\\right) , which are bonded with Ca2+ , and Mneg3+ and Mneg\\prime3+ (S=2) , related to La3+ . The Fe ions were randomly included, replacing Mn ions. With this model, the magnetic entropy change, Δ S , in an isothermal process was determined. -Δ Sm showed maximum peaks around the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition temperature, which depends on Fe doping. Relative cooling power was computed for different Fe concentrations varying the magnetic applied field. Our model and results show that the Fe doping decreases the magnetocaloric effect in the La{2/{3}} Ca{1/{3}} Mn1-x Fe x O3, making this a bad candidate for magnetic refrigeration. The strong dependence of the magnetocaloric behavior on Fe doping and the external magnetic field in La{2/{3}} Ca{1/{3}} Mn1-x Fe x O3 can boost these materials for the future technological applications.

  8. Design features of Beijing Shijingshan 3 x 200 MW cogeneration plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, T.X.; Ou, Y.Z.

    1991-01-01

    This paper describes the design feature of Beijing Shijingshan 3 x 200 MW Cogeneration Plant. The design optimized the scheme and system of 200 MW units for heating. The cogeneration plant has achieved comprehensive economic benefit in energy saving and environmental pollution reduction

  9. Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H{sub 2} Interface

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Espada, D.; Miura, R. E.; Iono, D. [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Matsushita, S. [Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Israel, F. P. [Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden (Netherlands); Neumayer, N. [Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, D-69121 Heidelberg (Germany); Martin, S. [Joint ALMA Observatory, Alonso de Córdova, 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355 (Chile); Henkel, C. [Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121, Bonn (Germany); Izumi, T.; Kohno, K. [Institute of Astronomy, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015 (Japan); Aalto, S. [Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University (Sweden); Ott, J. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM (United States); Peck, A. B. [Gemini Observatory, 670 N’Aohoku Pl, Hilo 96720-2700, Hawaii, HI (United States); Quillen, A. C. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States)

    2017-07-10

    We present the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND; 400 pc × 200 pc) of Centaurus A with resolutions of ∼5 pc (0.″3) and shed light onto the mechanism feeding the active galactic nucleus (AGN) using CO(3–2), HCO{sup +}(4–3), HCN(4–3), and CO(6–5) observations obtained with ALMA. Multiple filaments or streamers of tens to a hundred parsec scale exist within the CND, which form a ring-like structure with an unprojected diameter of 9″ × 6″ (162 pc × 108 pc) and a position angle P.A. ≃ 155°. Inside the nuclear ring, there are two leading and straight filamentary structures with lengths of about 30–60 pc at P.A. ≃ 120° on opposite sides of the AGN, with a rotational symmetry of 180° and steeper position–velocity diagrams, which are interpreted as nuclear shocks due to non-circular motions. Along the filaments, and unlike other nearby AGNs, several dense molecular clumps present low HCN/HCO{sup +}(4–3) ratios (≲0.5). The filaments abruptly end in the probed transitions at r ≃ 20 pc from the AGN, but previous near-IR H{sub 2}( J = 1–0)S(1) maps show that they continue in an even warmer gas phase ( T ∼ 1000 K), winding up in the form of nuclear spirals, and forming an inner ring structure with another set of symmetric filaments along the N–S direction and within r ≃ 10 pc. The molecular gas is governed primarily by non-circular motions, being the successive shock fronts at different scales where loss of angular momentum occurs, a mechanism that may feed efficiently powerful radio galaxies down to parsec scales.

  10. Phase equilibria in the system Nd(PO3)3 - KPO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Znamierowska, T.; Mizer, D.

    2002-01-01

    The system Nd(PO 3 ) 3 - KPO 3 has been investigated by differential thermal analysis (during heating), thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction and its phase diagram was proposed. It was discovered that initial metaphosphates react at a 1:1 molar ratio forming intermediate compound KNd(PO 3 ) 4 . It was found that it melts incongruently at 854 o C giving Nd(po)3) 3 and a liquid rich in KPO 3 . Phosphate KNd(PO 3 ) 4 is stable down to room temperature and does not show any polymorphic transitions. (author)

  11. Design, development and integration of a large scale multiple source X-ray computed tomography system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Malcolm, Andrew A.; Liu, Tong; Ng, Ivan Kee Beng; Teng, Wei Yuen; Yap, Tsi Tung; Wan, Siew Ping; Kong, Chun Jeng

    2013-01-01

    X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) allows visualisation of the physical structures in the interior of an object without physically opening or cutting it. This technology supports a wide range of applications in the non-destructive testing, failure analysis or performance evaluation of industrial products and components. Of the numerous factors that influence the performance characteristics of an X-ray CT system the energy level in the X-ray spectrum to be used is one of the most significant. The ability of the X-ray beam to penetrate a given thickness of a specific material is directly related to the maximum available energy level in the beam. Higher energy levels allow penetration of thicker components made of more dense materials. In response to local industry demand and in support of on-going research activity in the area of 3D X-ray imaging for industrial inspection the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech) engaged in the design, development and integration of large scale multiple source X-ray computed tomography system based on X-ray sources operating at higher energies than previously available in the Institute. The system consists of a large area direct digital X-ray detector (410 x 410 mm), a multiple-axis manipulator system, a 225 kV open tube microfocus X-ray source and a 450 kV closed tube millifocus X-ray source. The 225 kV X-ray source can be operated in either transmission or reflection mode. The body of the 6-axis manipulator system is fabricated from heavy-duty steel onto which high precision linear and rotary motors have been mounted in order to achieve high accuracy, stability and repeatability. A source-detector distance of up to 2.5 m can be achieved. The system is controlled by a proprietary X-ray CT operating system developed by SIMTech. The system currently can accommodate samples up to 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.5 m in size with weight up to 50 kg. These specifications will be increased to 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 m and 100 kg in future

  12. The critical properties of the BaxSr1-xTiO3 solid solution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saber, M.; Ainane, A.; Essaoudi, I.; Baerner, K.; Gonzalez, J.

    2009-01-01

    Within the framework of the transverse spin -1/2 Ising model and by using the effective field theory with a probability distribution technique that accounts for the self-spin correlations, we have studied the critical properties of the Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 system. In particular, we have studied the polarization as function of both the temperature T and the Ba concentration x, the critical temperature T c (x) as function of x, and also the dielectric susceptibility χ(T,x) for different values of the strength of the applied electric field E

  13. Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial Sr(RuxSn1-x)O3 thin film electrodes and KNbO3/Sr(RuxSn1-x)O3 bilayers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Christen, H.M.; Boatner, L.A.; English, L.Q.; Geea, L.A.; Marrero, P.J.; Norton, D.P.

    1995-01-01

    Sr(Ru x Sn 1-x ) 3 is proposed as a new conducting oxide for use in epitaxial multilayer structures. The Sr(Ru o 48 Sn 0.52 )0 3 composition exhibits an excellent lattice match with (100)-oriented KTaO 3 , and films of this composition grown by pulsed laser deposition on KTaO 3 , SrTiO 3 , and LaAlO 3 substrates have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering/ion channeling, and resistivity measurements. Epitaxial KNbO 3 /Sr(Ru 0.48 Sn 0.52 )O 3 bilayers have been successfully grown

  14. Conductivity and electrochemical characterization of PrFe1-xNixO3-δ at high temperature

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hashimoto, Shin-Ichi; Kammer Hansen, Kent; Poulsen, Finn Willy

    2007-01-01

    PrFe(1-x)NixO(3)- (x=0.4-0.6) compounds were synthesized and characterized by powder XRD, electrical conductivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on point electrodes on a Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-delta (CGO10) electrolyte. As a reference, the electrochemical performance of LaFe(0.4)AM(0.6)O(3-delta......) was also measured. The main phase in the PrFe1-xNixO3-delta series was perovskite-type structure and belonged to the orthorhombic crystal system. The conductivities are fairly high, e.g. around 220 S cm(-1) at 873 K for the x = 0.4 compound. The electrochemical performance of the PrFe(1-x)NixO(3-delta...

  15. Synthesis and crystal structure of the solid solution Co3(SeO3)3-x(PO3OH)x(H2O) involving crystallographic split positions of Se4+ and P5+.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zimmermann, Iwan; Johnsson, Mats

    2013-10-21

    Three new cobalt selenite hydroxo-phosphates laying in the solid solution Co3(SeO3)3-x(PO3OH)x(H2O), with x = 0.8, x = 1.0, and x = 1.2 are reported. Single crystals were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and the crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure can be described as a 3D framework having selenite and hydroxo-phosphate groups protruding into channels in the crystal structure. Se(4+) and P(5+) share a split position in the structure so that either SeO3 groups having a stereochemically active lone pair or tetrahedrally coordinated PO3OH groups are present. The OH-group is thus only present when the split position is occupied by P(5+). The crystal water is coordinated to a cobalt atom and TG and IR measurements show that the water and hydroxyl groups leave the structure at unusually high temperatures (>450 °C). Magnetic susceptibility measurements show antiferromagnetic coupling below 16 K and a magnetic moment of 4.02(3) μB per Co atom was observed.

  16. Tandem pseudopericyclic reactions: [1,5]-X sigmatropic shift/6pi-electrocyclic ring closure converting N-(2-X-carbonyl)phenyl ketenimines into 2-X-quinolin-4(3H)-ones.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alajarín, Mateo; Ortín, María-Mar; Sanchez-Andrada, Pilar; Vidal, Angel

    2006-10-13

    N-(2-X-Carbonyl)phenyl ketenimines undergo, under mild thermal conditions, [1,5]-migration of the X group from the carbonyl carbon to the electron-deficient central carbon atom of the ketenimine fragment, followed by a 6pi-electrocyclic ring closure of the resulting ketene to provide 2-X-substituted quinolin-4(3H)-ones in a sequential one-pot manner. The X groups tested are electron-donor groups, such as alkylthio, arylthio, arylseleno, aryloxy, and amino. When involving alkylthio, arylthio, and arylseleno groups, the complete transformation takes place in refluxing toluene, whereas for aryloxy and amino groups the starting ketenimines must be heated at 230 degrees C in a sealed tube in the absence of solvent. The mechanism for the conversion of these ketenimines into quinolin-4(3H)-ones has been studied by ab initio and DFT calculations, using as model compounds N-(2-X-carbonyl)vinyl ketenimines bearing different X groups (X = F, Cl, OH, SH, NH(2), and PH(2)) converting into 4(3H)-pyridones. This computational study afforded two general reaction pathways for the first step of the sequence, the [1,5]-X shift, depending on the nature of X. When X is F, Cl, OH, or SH, the migration occurs in a concerted mode, whereas when X is NH(2) or PH(2), it involves a two-step sequence. The order of migratory aptitudes of the X substituents at the acyl group is predicted to be PH(2) > Cl > SH > NH(2) > F> OH. The second step of the full transformation, the 6pi-electrocyclic ring closure, is calculated to be concerted and with low energy barriers in all the cases. We have included in the calculations an alternative mode of cyclization of the N-(2-X-carbonyl)vinyl ketenimines, the 6pi-electrocyclic ring closure leading to 1,3-oxazines that involves its 1-oxo-5-aza-1,3,5-hexatrienic system. Additionally, the pseudopericyclic topology of the transition states for some of the [1,5]-X migrations (X = F, Cl, OH, SH), for the 6pi-electrocyclization of the ketene intermediates to the 4(3

  17. Phases, lattice parameters and thermal expansion of HoNi5-xAlx, 3≥x≥0

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grzeta, B.; Sorgic, B.; Blazina, Z.

    1998-01-01

    The phases, lattice parameters and linear coefficient of thermal expansion were determined by X-ray powder diffraction between room temperature and 873 K for the system HoNi 5-x Al x (3x ≥ 0). Alloys were hexagonal, in the space group P6/mmm; for 2 ≥ x ≥ 0 they were isostructural with CaCu 5 , and for 3x ≥ 2 they were isostructural with YCo 3 Ga 2 . In both cases, the unit-cell parameters a and c increased as the Al content increased. The linear thermal expansion coefficient was composition dependent. Each of the investigated alloys exhibited an anisotropy in thermal expansion, the linear expansion coefficient along the a axis being larger than along the c axis. (orig.)

  18. Synthesis, Structure, and Li-Ion Conductivity of LiLa(BH4)3X, X = Cl, Br, I

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Payandeh GharibDoust, SeyedHosein; Brighi, Matteo; Sadikin, Yolanda

    2017-01-01

    In this work, a new type of addition reaction between La(BH4)3 and LiX, X = Cl, Br, I, is used to synthesize LiLa(BH4)3Cl and two new compounds LiLa(BH4)3X, X = Br, I. This method increases the amounts of LiLa(BH4)3X and the sample purity. The highest Li-ion conductivity is observed for LiLa(BH4)...

  19. Synthesis and X-ray diffraction studies of dysprosium-calcium ferrites Dy1-xCaxFeO3-y (0≤x≤2/3)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, J.; Song, D.; Su, Z.; Wang, T.M.

    1997-01-01

    Samples of dysprosium-calcium ferrites Dy 1-x Ca x FeO 3-y with x ranging from 0 to 2/3 were novelly prepared in air by solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. These samples are single-phased orthorhombic perovskite-type compounds belonging to the space group D 2h 16 -Pbnm. The lattice constants of the Dy 1-x Ca x FeO 3-y samples have been refined by Cohen's least-squares method. The initial substitution of Ca for Dy leads to a decrease of the lattice constants. Further substitution of Ca for Dy has hardly any influence on the lattice dimensions. (orig.)

  20. Production and electrical parameters of La /SUB 1-x/ Ca /SUB x/ Cr /SUB 1-y/ Ni /SUB y/ O3 (x ranging from 0-0.3; y ranging from 0-1)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kononyuk, I.F.; Surmach, N.G.; Tolochko, S.P.

    1986-01-01

    This paper deals with the conditions for the formation of LaCr /SUB 1-y/ Ni /SUB y/ O 3 , La /SUB 1-x/ Ca /SUB x/ CrO 3 , and La /SUB 1-x/ Ca /SUB x/ Cr /SUB 1-y/ Ni /SUB y/ O 3 solid solutions and the electrical parameters of these. The initial materials were lanthanum, calcium, nickel, and chromium nitrates of pure or analytical grade. It is shown that partial replacement of lanthanum by calcium does not have any substantial effect on the electrical parameters of La /SUB 1-x/ Ca /SUB x/ Cr /SUB 1-y/ Ni /SUB y/ O 3 solid solutions for y = 0.2-0.6, but it increases the conductivity of La /SUB 1-x/ Ca /SUB x/ CrO 3 by three orders of magnitude as x varies from 0 to 0.3. The electrical parameters are virtually the same for lanthanum chromites containing calcium and strontium. The solubility of calcium in lanthanum chromite is reduced in the presence of nickel

  1. Comparative Study of a Real-Time PCR Assay Targeting senX3-regX3 versus Other Molecular Strategies Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocio Sanjuan-Jimenez

    Full Text Available Nucleic acid amplification tests are increasingly used for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. We undertook a comparative study of the efficiency and diagnostic yield of a real-time PCR senX3-regX3 based assay versus the classical IS6110 target and the new commercial methods.This single-blind prospective comparative study included 145 consecutive samples: 76 from patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (86.8% pulmonary and 13.2% extrapulmonary tuberculosis: 48.7% smear-positive and 51.3% smear-negative and 69 control samples (24 from patients diagnosed with non-tuberculous mycobacteria infections and 45 from patients with suspected tuberculosis which was eventually ruled out. All samples were tested by two CE-marked assays (Xpert®MTB/RIF and AnyplexTM plus MTB/NTM and two in-house assays targeting senX3-regX3 and the IS6110 gene.The detection limit ranged from 1.00E+01 fg for Anyplex, senX3-regX3 and IS6110 to 1.00E+04 fg for Xpert. All three Xpert, senX3-regX3 and IS6110 assays detected all 37 smear-positive cases. Conversely, Anyplex was positive in 34 (91.9% smear-positive cases. In patients with smear-negative tuberculosis, differences were observed between the assays; Xpert detected 22 (56.41% of the 39 smear-negative samples, Anyplex 24 (61.53%, senX3-regX3 28 (71.79% and IS6110 35 (89.74%. Xpert and senX3-regX3 were negative in all control samples; however, the false positive rate was 8.7% and 13% for Anyplex and IS6110, respectively. The overall sensitivity was 77.6%, 85.7%, 77.3% and 94.7% and the specificity was 100%, 100%, 90.8% and 87.0% for the Xpert, senX3-regX3, Anyplex and IS6110 assays, respectively.Real-time PCR assays targeting IS6110 lack the desired specificity. The Xpert MTB/RIF and in-house senX3-regX3 assays are both sensitive and specific for the detection of MTBC in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples. Therefore, the real time PCR senX3-regX3 based assay could be a useful and complementary tool in the

  2. Fabrication and characterization of Ba sub x Sr sub 1 sub - sub x TiO sub 3 /YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub x /SrTiO sub 3 structure

    CERN Document Server

    Choi, J; Park, S Y; Lee Jae Sik; No, K; Sung, T H; Park, Y

    2002-01-01

    Ba sub x Sr sub 1 sub - sub x TiO sub 3 (BST)/YBa sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub x (YBCO)/SrTiO sub 3 (STO) structures were deposited, and the microstructure, orientation and electrical characteristics were investigated. (00l) oriented YBCO thin films were deposited on STO substrates using pulsed laser deposition, and (h00) oriented BST thin films were deposited on YBCO/STO substrates using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). A new phase was formed at the interface between YBCO and BST films and was speculated to be (Ba sub x Y sub 1 sub - sub x)(Ti sub y Y sub 1 sub - sub y)O sub 3. Ba-rich BST films showed a higher dielectric loss than Sr-rich BST films did, which indicates that Sr-rich BST films are more suited for application to microwave devices. The dielectric loss of the films was reduced as temperature decreased, which may be due to the conductivity change of YBCO film and the formation of a conduction path rather than a dielectric property change ...

  3. Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of hydrated layered perovskite K2-xLa2Ti3-xNb xO10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and protonated derivatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Yunfang; Wu Jihuai; Wei Yuelin; Hao Sancun; Huang Miaoliang; Lin Jianming

    2007-01-01

    A series of photocatalytic intercalated materials K 2-x La 2 Ti 3-x Nb x O 10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) and a series of its protonated derivatives H 2-x La 2 Ti 3-x Nb x O 10 were prepared by solid-state reaction and ion-exchange reaction. The photocatalytic activities of samples were evaluated using methanol as electron donor under UV irradiation. All H 2-x La 2 Ti 3-x Nb x O 10 samples possessed approximately twofold higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding K 2-x La 2 Ti 3-x Nb x O 10 . This difference was most pronounced for the photocatalyst H 1.9 La 2 Ti 2.9 Nb 0.1 O 10 which showed the highest activity: 22 μmol H 2 /catalyst (g) for 5 h, more than three times the activity of K 1.9 La 2 Ti 2.9 Nb 0.1 O 10

  4. Magnetic properties of Co 2 2+ Co 1 - x 3+ Fe x 3+ BO5 ( x = 0.10) single crystals with a ludwigite structure

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knyazev, Yu. V.; Kazak, N. V.; Bayukov, O. A.; Platunov, M. S.; Velikanov, D. A.; Bezmaternykh, L. N.; Ivanova, N. B.; Ovchinnikov, S. G.

    2017-04-01

    The investigation of mixed Co-Fe ludwigite single crystals shows that their magnetic properties are close to the magnetic properties of Fe3BO5 despite the predominance of cobalt ions. The magnetic properties of Co3 - x Fe x BO5 single crystals with x = 0.10 are studied in detail. Magnetometric measurements demonstrate a strong magnetic anisotropy with easy magnetization axis b, and the orbital magnetic moment of cobalt is in a frozen state. The detected temperature dependence of the absorption of Mössbauer spectra allowed us to determine the magnetic ordering temperature, which agrees with the results of magnetization measurements ( T C = 84 K).

  5. Comparative study of perovskite Pr{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} e Gd{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} (x=0,2) synthesized by gelatin modified route for application in automotive catalysis; Estudo comparativo das perovsquitas Pr{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} e Gd{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} (x=0,2) sintetizadas pela rota modificada gelatina para aplicacao em catalise automotiva

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Araujo, E.M. de; Medeiros, M.R.A.; Paiva, A.K.O.; Borges, F.M.M., E-mail: eduardamedeirosdearaujo@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), RN (Brazil); Ruiz, J.A.C. [Centro de Tecnologia do Gas e Energias Renovaveis (CTGAS-ER), RN (Brazil)

    2016-07-01

    Increased air pollution intensified the search for materials that could convert pollutant gases into less harmful substances. Thus, mixed oxides with perovskite structure began to be developed for presenting important features for the automotive catalysis. In this study has been compared the chemical composition of the materials with Pr{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} and Gd{sub (1-x)}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3} (x = 0.2) synthesized by the method gelatine. The samples were characterized by techniques: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and subjected to the catalytic test in methane combustion reaction. The evaluation of the catalytic activity showed that gadolinium catalyst is more efficient compared with the praseodymium catalyst, although they have similar maximum conversion of methane at high temperature, during the catalytic test the material with gadolinium showed higher catalytic activity and stability. (author)

  6. Effect of Fe substitution on magnetocaloric effect in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (0.05{<=}x{<=}0.20)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barik, S K; Krishnamoorthi, C [Department of Physics and NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore. (Singapore); Mahendiran, R [Department of Physics and NUS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore. (Singapore)

    2011-04-15

    We have studied the effect of Fe substitution on magnetic and magnetocaloric properties in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0.05, 0.07, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) over a wide temperature range (T=10-400 K). It is shown that substitution by Fe gradually decreases the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (T{sub C}) and saturation magnetization up to x=0.15 but a dramatic change occurs for x=0.2. The x=0.2 sample can be considered as a phase separated compound in which both short-range ordered ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases coexist. The magnetic entropy change (-{Delta}S{sub m}) was estimated from isothermal magnetization curves and it decreases with increase of Fe content from 4.4 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} at 343 K (x=0.05) to 1.3 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} at 105 K (x=0.2), under {Delta}H=5 T. The La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 0.93}Fe{sub 0.07}O{sub 3} sample shows negligible hysteresis loss, operating temperature range over 60 K around room temperature with refrigerant capacity of 225 J kg{sup -1}, and magnetic entropy of 4 J kg{sup -1} K{sup -1} which will be an interesting compound for application in room temperature refrigeration. - Research highlights: > We report magnetocaloric effect in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0-0.2). > Magnetic entropy change ({Delta}S{sub m}) decreases with increasing x. > A large {Delta}S{sub m} and refrigeration capacity are found around 300 K in x=0.07.

  7. Diffracted X-ray tracking: new system for single molecular detection with X-rays

    CERN Document Server

    Sasaki, Y C; Adachi, S; Suzuki, Y; Yagi, N

    2001-01-01

    We propose a new X-ray methodology for direct observations of the behaviors of single molecular units in real time and real space. This new system, which we call Diffracted X-ray Tracking (DXT), monitors the Brownian motions of a single molecular unit by observations of X-ray diffracted spots from a nanocrystal, tightly bound to the individual single molecular unit in bio-systems. DXT does not determine any translational movements, but only orientational movements.

  8. Diffracted X-ray tracking: new system for single molecular detection with X-rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sasaki, Y.C.; Okumura, Y.; Adachi, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Yagi, N.

    2001-01-01

    We propose a new X-ray methodology for direct observations of the behaviors of single molecular units in real time and real space. This new system, which we call Diffracted X-ray Tracking (DXT), monitors the Brownian motions of a single molecular unit by observations of X-ray diffracted spots from a nanocrystal, tightly bound to the individual single molecular unit in bio-systems. DXT does not determine any translational movements, but only orientational movements

  9. Luminescent properties of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce crystals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zorenko, Yu., E-mail: zorenko@ukw.edu.pl [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Powstańców Wielkopolskich No 2, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Zorenko, T. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Powstańców Wielkopolskich No 2, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Department of Electronics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Gen. Tarnavskyj str. 107, 70017 Lviv (Ukraine); Malinowski, P. [Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Powstańców Wielkopolskich No 2, 85-090 Bydgoszcz (Poland); Sidletskiy, O.; Neicheva, S. [Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lenina pr. 60, 61001 Kharkiv (Ukraine)

    2014-12-15

    Absorption, luminescent and scintillation properties of Ce{sup 3+} doped Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12} crystals with Ga content in the x=1–5 range were investigated in this work and compared with the properties of YAG:Ce crystals. Apart from the traditional spectral methods (absorption, cathodoluminescence and light yield measurements), the intrinsic and Ce{sup 3+} related luminescence of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce solid-solution were also investigated using the luminescent spectroscopy under excitation by synchrotron radiation in the 3.7–25 eV range. We show that the optical properties Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce garnets monotonically change with increasing the Ga content in the x=0–3 range due to preferable localization of Ga ions in the tetrahedral position of the garnet lattice. At the highest Ga concentration (x>3) the deviation of the optical properties of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce garnets is observed from the respective properties of these crystals with Ga content in the x=0–3 range due to occupation by Ga ions of the octahedral position in the garnet host. - Highlights: • Different dependence of optical properties of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce crystals on Ga content in x=0–3 and 3–5 ranges. • Elimination of the luminescence of Y{sub Al} antisite defects in Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce crystals at x>2. • Significant improvement of the scintillation properties of Y{sub 3}Al{sub 5−x}Ga{sub x}O{sub 12}:Ce crystals at x=2 and 3 in comparison with YAG:Ce.

  10. Characterization of Mixed xWO3(1-xY2O3 Nanoparticle Thick Film for Gas Sensing Application

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. H. Shahrokh Abadi

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Microstructural, topology, inner morphology, and gas-sensitivity of mixed xWO3(1-xY2O3 nanoparticles (x = 1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8 thick-film semiconductor gas sensors were studied. The surface topography and inner morphological properties of the mixed powder and sensing film were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD, atomic force microscopy (AFM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Also, gas sensitivity properties of the printed films were evaluated in the presence of methane (CH4 and butane (C4H10 at up to 500 °C operating temperature of the sensor. The results show that the doping agent can modify some structural properties and gas sensitivity of the mixed powder.

  11. Transport and magnetic properties of Pr1-x Ca x MnO3 epitaxial films grown on LaAlO3 substrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maniwa, A.; Okano, K.; Ohkubo, I.; Kumigashira, H.; Oshima, M.; Lippmaa, M.; Kawasaki, M.; Koinuma, H.

    2007-01-01

    We have measured physical properties of Pr 1- x Ca x MnO 3 (PCMO) epitaxial thin films with different hole concentrations (x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) grown on LaAlO 3 (1 0 0) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy technique. The temperature dependence of the resistivity shows insulating behavior in all temperature regions and the resistivity itself monotonously decreases as x increases. This insulating nature of PCMO films is similar to that of bulk PCMO crystals. However, we did not find any indication of the resistivity anomaly associated with the onset of charge ordering irrespective of x. These results suggest that the compressive strain strongly suppresses charge-ordered states in PCMO

  12. Random spin configurations of Co cations in LaCo{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 < x {<=} 0.20) perovskite oxides: Magnetic and transport properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez, M.L., E-mail: marisal@quim.ucm.es [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Arillo, M.A.; Alvarez-Serrano, I.; Martin, P.; Rodriguez, E.; Pico, C.; Veiga, M.L. [Departamento de Quimica Inorganica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

    2010-04-15

    Perovskite-type cobaltites LaCo{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 < x {<=} 0.20) were synthesised by the liquid mix technique and structurally characterised by X-ray diffraction and neutron powder diffraction. This system can be regarded as LaCoO{sub 3}-derived by means of partial substitution of trivalent cobalt ions by Mg{sup 2+}. This doping is accompanied by the stabilization of the correspondent amount of Co{sup 4+} cations as it has been established from ICP, thermogravimetric and neutron diffraction results. The title materials behave as semiconductors up to 800 K. Above this temperature they show a transition to the metallic state. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements show weak ferromagnetic interactions at 5 K which has been interpreted taking into account disordered spin configurations for the cobalt cations.

  13. X-ray diffraction and dielectric studies across morphotropic phase boundary in (1 - x) [Pb(Mg0.5W0.5)O3]-xPbTiO3 ceramics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, A.K.; Singh, Akhilesh Kumar

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → Structural studies reveal pseudocubic structure of PMW-xPT for the x ≤ 0.42, tetragonal for the x ≥ 0.72 and the coexistences of the two phases for intermediate compositions (0.46 ≤ x 0.68). → Temperature dependent dielectric constant for compositions in the two phase region shows two dielectric anomalies above room temperature and not just one as reported by earlier workers. → Rietveld structural analysis of PMW-xPT ceramics is presented for the first time to determine the fraction of the coexisting phases in MPB region. - Abstract: We present here the results of comprehensive X-ray diffraction and dielectric studies on several compositions of (1 - x)[Pb(Mg 0.5 W 0.5 )O 3 ]-xPbTiO 3 (PMW-xPT) solid solution across the morphotropic phase boundary. Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic (space group Fm3m) structure of PMW-xPT ceramics for the compositions with x ≤ 0.42, tetragonal (space group P4mm) structure for the compositions with x ≥ 0.72 and coexistence of the tetragonal and cubic phases for the intermediate compositions (0.46 ≤ x ≤ 0.68). Temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity above room temperature exhibits diffuse nature of phase transitions for the compositions in the cubic and two phase region while the compositions with tetragonal structure at room temperature exhibit sharp ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition. The PMW-xPT compositions with coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phases at room temperature exhibit two anomalies in the temperature dependence of the dielectric permittivity above room temperature. Using results of structural and dielectric studies a partial phase diagram of PMW-xPT ceramics is also presented.

  14. The xGa{sub 2}O{sub 3}–(100 − x)NaPO{sub 3} glass system: Preparation, properties and structural analysis by solid state NMR

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Caron, A. [UCCS UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille1, Villeneuve d' Ascq (France); Doumert, B. [IMMCL, Université de Lille1, Villeneuve d' Ascq (France); Tricot, G., E-mail: gregory.tricot@univ-lille1.fr [UCCS UMR-CNRS 8181, Université de Lille1, Villeneuve d' Ascq (France); LASIR UMR-CNRS 8516, Université de Lille1, Villeneuve d' Ascq (France)

    2014-10-15

    Insertion of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} in sodium metaphosphate glasses has been investigated in this paper. Materials containing up to 30 mol% of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} have been prepared using the standard melt-quenching technique within the xGa{sub 2}O{sub 3}–(100 − x)NaPO{sub 3} composition line. Macroscopic properties (glass transition temperature, density and molar volume) are significantly affected by the Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} insertion. 1D {sup 71}Ga and {sup 31}P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) performed at very high field (18.8 T) indicate a strong evolution of the gallium coordination state around the x = 15 composition and a continuous evolution of the phosphate network organisation. In addition, {sup 71}Ga({sup 31}P) D-HMQC NMR technique was used for the first time to highlight the presence of mixed P–O–Ga linkages within the glass structure. The impact of gallium insertion is finally discussed and compared to the effect of the widely used aluminum and boron elements. If gallium and aluminum elements present similar effect on the macroscopic properties, some discrepancies can be observed concerning their structural effect. - Highlights: • Glasses with 30 mol% of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} have been prepared in the NaPO{sub 3}–Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} line. • T{sub g} and density are affected by the Ga{sup 3+} insertion. • Presence of mixed Ga/P species have been highlighted by 2D correlation NMR.

  15. Two digital X-ray imaging systems for applications in X-ray diffraction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bateman, J.E.; Connolly, J.F.; Stephenson, R.; Flesher, A.C.; Bryant, C.J.; Lincoln, A.D.; Tucker, P.A.; Swanton, S.W.

    1986-08-01

    Two digital X-ray imaging systems developed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory are described:- the Mark I and the Mark II. Both use a bidimensionally sensitive Multiwire proportional counter as the basic X-ray image transducer coupled to a digital microcomputer system. The Mark I system provides the advantages of high speed, high sensitivity digital imaging directly into the computer with the potential for software control of the sample orientation and environment. The Mark II system adds the novel features of signal averaging and multi-frame exposures. (author)

  16. Mixed valent noble metal perovskites Ba/sub 3/B/sup 3 +/Pt/sub x/Ru/sub 2-x//sup 4. 5+/O/sub 9/

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moessner, B; Kemmler-Sack, S; Ehmann, A [Tuebingen Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Anorganische Chemie 2

    1982-04-01

    In perovskites of type Ba/sub 3/B/sup 3 +/Pt/sub x/Ru/sub 2-x//sup 4.5+/O/sub 9/ the ruthenium can be substituted by platinum up to x = 1. The compounds crystallize in a 1:2 ordered hexagonal BaTiO/sub 3/ structure (sequence (hcc)/sub 2/) with face connected Pt/sub x/Ru/sub 2-x/O/sub 9/ double octahedra. Intensity calculations on powder data of Ba/sub 3/YPt/sub 1/2/Ru/sub 3/2/O/sub 9/ (space group P6/sub 3//mmc) gave a refined, intensity related R' value of 8.6%. The vibrational spectroscopic and catalytic properties are reported.

  17. Control system of digital x-ray systems by quality parameters

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Balashov, S.V.; Kovalenko, Yu.N.

    2013-01-01

    The paper proposed a control system of X-ray digital equipment on quality indicators. Two basic parameters were determined: image quality and patients' radiation load. A method for monitoring these indicators is proposed. The criterion of equipment suitability is to obtain control digital X-ray images of diagnostically acceptable quality at a fixed low entrance dose in the plane of the digital detector. It is shown that the control system of X-ray digital equipment based on indicators of quality is the most appropriate in situations of deficit of financial resources, since minimizing the costs for the purchase and running of control systems, does not require highly skilled technical personnel, and reduces the duration of the equipment inspection. (authors)

  18. Magnetic properties of (Mn1-xRux)3Ga alloys

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hori, T.; Akimitsu, M.; Miki, H.; Ohoyoama, K.; Yamaguchi, Y.

    2002-01-01

    We found that the pseudo binary alloys Mn 1-x Ru x 3 Ga, with 0.33≤x≤0.67, have an ordered b.c.c. structure. The lattice constant a is almost constant with respect to x: a=6.000 A for x=0.33 and a=5.992 A for x=0.67. For the alloy with x=0.33, i.e. Mn 2 RuGa, the magnetization is almost saturated in a field of 20 kOe. The saturation magnetization at 4.2 K is 23 emu/g, and the Curie temperature, T C , is 460 K. The T C of (Mn 1-x Ru x ) 3 Ga decreases almost linearly with increasing x, and it vanishes around x=0.67 (MnRu 2 Ga). We also determined atomic and magnetic structures from neutron diffraction experiments. The alloy Mn 2 RuGa (x=0.33) has an ordered structure of CuHg 2 Ti type; the magnetic Mn atoms mainly occupy the 4a (0,0,0) and 4d (3/4,3/4,3/4) sites. We also observed that the magnetic moments of Mn atoms on the 4a and 4d sites are antiparallel to each other; values of the magnetic moment are μ a =4.6 and μ d =3.3 μ B per Mn atom. (orig.)

  19. X-ray and neutron diffraction study of alums. Pt. 2 and 3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdeen, A.M.; Will, G.; Schaefer, W.; Kirfel, A.; Bargouth, M.O.; Recker, K.; Weiss, A.

    1981-01-01

    The crystal structure of the alums, (NH 3 CH 3 )Al(SO 4 ) 2 x 12 H 2 0 and (NH 4 )AL(SO 4 ) 2 x 12 H 2 0, has been determined and refined from X-ray and neutron diffraction data. The compounds crystallize cubic in space group Pa3 (Z = 4). The positional and thermal parameters of all atoms including hydrogens have been refined by full matrix least-sqares analysis resulting in Rsub(w) values from the X-ray and neutron data of 0.030 and 0.029 respectively for the methylammonium alum and of 0.024 and 0.014 respectively for the ammonium alum. The atoms of the cation groups (NH 3 CH 3 ) + and (NH 4 ) + are distributed on 8(c) and 24(d) positions in two orientations of equal probability on and around the [111] direction related to each other by an inversion centre. The disorder in the cation groups is explained by a quantized rotation. Disorder in the sulfate groups has been determined to 4.2% for the methylammonium alum and to about 17% for the ammonium alum. The disordered sulfate tetrahedra are distorted and in a reversed orientation along the threefold axis. The system of the hydrogen bonds is discussed. (orig.)

  20. Mechanical system design in the engineering design of digital x-ray

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Muhammad Awwaluddin; I Putu Susila; Edy Purwanta; Abdul Jalil; Ahmad H

    2014-01-01

    Has been designed a mechanical system design to hold and moving the x-ray tube, detector films, and a place the holder control box. The design was conducted on the frame foundation, frame columns and frame arms in order to operate the device as well SS304 hollow measuring 40 x 60 x mm with thickness of 2 mm long 4.1 m, size 100 x 100 mm and 2 mm thick along the 2 m, and the size of 40 x 80 mm thickness 2 mm long 1.8 m is needed to reactive the design the linear guide way models HGW20HB 3 m. With the proposed design, the operation of the digital x-rays can be completed as well. (author)

  1. Synthesis and performance of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} cathode materials

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dai, Changsong; Chen, Zhenyu; Jin, Haizu; Hu, Xinguo [School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)

    2010-09-01

    In order to search for cathode materials with better performance, Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} (0, 0.04, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.13) is prepared via a carbothermal reduction (CTR) process with LiOH.H{sub 2}O, V{sub 2}O{sub 5}, Mg(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2}.4H{sub 2}O, NH{sub 4}H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}, and sucrose as raw materials and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). XRD shows that Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} (x = 0.04, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.13) has the same monoclinic structure as undoped Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} while the particle size of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} is smaller than that of Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} according to SEM images. EIS reveals that the charge transfer resistance of as-prepared materials is reduced and its reversibility is enhanced proved by the cyclic votammograms. The Mg{sup 2+}-doped Li{sub 3}V{sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} has a better high rate discharge performance. At a discharge rate of 20 C, the discharge capacity of Li{sub 3}(V{sub 0.9}Mg{sub 0.1}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3} is 107 mAh g{sup -1} and the capacity retention is 98% after 80 cycles. Li{sub 3}(V{sub 0.9}Mg{sub 0.1}){sub 2}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}//graphite full cells (085580-type) have good discharge performance and the modified cathode material has very good compatibility with graphite. (author)

  2. Investigation on structural, Mössbauer and ferroelectric properties of (1−x)PbFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}–(x)BiFeO{sub 3} solid solution

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dadami, Sunanda T.; Matteppanavar, Shidaling; Shivaraja, I. [Department of Physics, JB Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056 (India); Rayaprol, Sudhindra [UGC-DAE-Consortium for Scientific Research, Mumbai Centre, BARC Campus, Mumbai 400085 (India); Angadi, Basavaraj, E-mail: brangadi@gmail.com [Department of Physics, JB Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056 (India); Sahoo, Balaram [Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India)

    2016-11-15

    In this study, (1−x)PbFe{sub 0.5}Nb{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}(PFN)–(x)BiFeO{sub 3}(BFO) multiferroic solid solutions with x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were synthesized through single step solid state reaction method and characterized thoroughly through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Raman, Mössbauer spectroscopy and ferroelectric studies. The room temperature (RT) XRD studies confirmed the formation of single phase with negligible amount of secondary phases (x=0.2 and 0.4). The zoomed XRD patterns of (1−x)PFN–(x)BFO solid solutions showed the clear structural phase transition from monoclinic (Cm) to rhombohedral (R3c) at x=0.4. The Raman spectra of the (1−x)PFN–(x)BFO solid solutions showed the composition dependent phase transition from monoclinic (Cm) to rhombohedral (R3c). With increasing x in PFN, the modes related monoclinic symmetry changes to those of rhombohedral symmetry. The RT Mössbauer spectroscopy results evidenced the existence of composition dependent phase transition from paramagnetic to weak antiferromagnetic ordering and weak antiferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic ordering. The Mössbauer spectroscopy showed paramagnetic behavior with a doublet for x=0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 are shows the weak antiferromagnetic with paramagnetic ordering. For x=0.3 and 0.4 shows the sextet pattern and it is a clear evidence of antiferromagnetism. The ferroelectric (P–E) loops at RT indicate the presence of small polarization, as the x concentration increases in PFN, the remnant polarization and coercive field were decreased, which may due to the increase in the conductivity and leaky behavior of the samples. - Highlights: • Structural, Mössbauer, ferroelectric studies on (1−x)PFN–xBiFeO{sub 3} multiferroics. • Composition dependent changes in crystallographic and magnetic structure. • System exhibits phase transition from monoclinic to rhombohedral with x. • Supporting results from Raman

  3. Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy of biological and synthetic polymer systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hitchcock, A.; Morin, C.; Araki, T.; Zhang, X.; Dynes, J.; Stover, H.; Brash, J.

    2004-01-01

    Full text: Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) are synchrotron based, soft X-ray spectromicroscopy techniques which provide chemical speciation at 50 nm spatial resolution based on near edge X-ray absorption spectral (NEXAFS) contrast. The instrumentation and techniques of soft X-ray spectro- microscopy will be described and illustrated with applications to wet biofilms, protein interactions with patterned polymer surfaces, and polymer microstructure optimization. STXM can be applied to samples in air, He, vacuum, or a fully hydrated environment. With many collaborators, my group is using STXM to study fundamental and applied aspects of polymer microstructure, to map metal ions and anti-microbial agents in wet biofilms, and to identify sites of selective adsorption of proteins on phase separated polymer thin films in the presence of an overlayer of protein solution. X-PEEM has greater surface sensitivity than STXM but requires a flat, conductive, and vacuum-compatible sample. Comparison of X-PEEM and STXM for the same system - fibrinogen adsorption on a PS:PMMA blend, will be used to illustrate advantages and limitations of each technique. Measurements at 5.3.2 STXM and 7.3.1 PEEM at the Advanced Light Source, funded by DoE under contract DE-AC03- 76SF00098. Research supported by NSERC (Canada), AFMnet (Advanced Food and Biomaterials Network) and the Canada Research Chair program

  4. Effect of doping with magnetic 3D-elements on the thermal fluctuations and critical parameters of CaLaBaCu3-x(Ni,Co)xO7-δ superconductors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rojas Sarmiento, M.P.; Landinez Tellez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

    2008-01-01

    Systematic measurements on conductivity fluctuation in the CaLaBaCu 3-x (Ni,Co) x O 7-δ system are reported. Samples with x=0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15 and 0.18 were prepared by the standard solid-state reaction recipe. Results of resistivity measurements reveal a linear-like decreasing of the critical temperature T c with progressive substitution of magnetic elements Ni and Co into the Cu crystallographic sites. From the fluctuation analysis, above and close to T c , we found the occurrence of three- and two-dimensional Gaussian fluctuation regimes. Closer to T c , a genuinely critical regime is observed. On the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, from the reduced temperature of the three-dimensional Gaussian region and the mean field critical temperature, we have experimentally obtained the Ginzburg number for the CaLaBaCu 3-x (Ni,Co) x O 7-δ material. Then, critical magnetic field, critical current density and the jump in the specific heat at the critical temperature are calculated. Critical parameters are strongly affected by the doping with magnetic ions

  5. Structural and microstructural analysis of the U-Gd-O system using X-Ray diffraction data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Darin, Gaspar; Imakuma, Kengo; Martinez, Luis G.; Turrrilas, Xabier M.; Ichikawa, Rodrigo U.; Silva, André S.B.; Durazzo, Michelangelo; Riella, Humberto G.; Urano, Elita

    2017-01-01

    Gadolinium is one of the best neutron absorber materials and its usage can be considered as a burnable poison for Light Water Reactors (LWR) and as a sacrificial material in Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR). Most of the experiments in the literature focus on nuclear fuel with up to 12 wt% Gd 2 O 3 . Recently, the phase diagram and melting point has been investigated for high contents of Gd 2 O 3 in the U-Gd-O system, that means a solid solution of the composition (U 1-x , Gd x )O 2 for 0<x<100%. In this work, we present the analysis of the U-Gd-O system for high contents of Gd 2 O 3 using X-ray diffraction data. Rietveld analysis was applied to obtain cell parameters, atomic positions and atomic displacement factors and compared with literature available. Also, the quantification of phases was performed for the different contents of Gd 2 O 3 in the system. Finally, mean crystallite sizes were determined and correlated with the weight fraction of the phases. (author)

  6. Ferromagnetism in Fe{sub 3-x-y}Ni{sub x}GeTe{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stahl, Juliane; Johrendt, Dirk [Muenchen Univ. (Germany). Dept. Chemie; Pomjakushin, Vladimir [Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland). Lab. for Neutron Scattering

    2016-07-01

    Polycrystalline samples of Fe{sub 3-y}GeTe{sub 2} (0.08 ≤ y ≤ 0.29) and the solid solutions Fe{sub 3-x-y}Ni{sub x}GeTe{sub 2} (0.24 ≤ x ≤ 1.32; 0.14 ≤ y ≤ 0.41) were synthesized at 898-973 K in a resistance furnace and characterized by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction with Rietveld analysis (Fe{sub 3}GeTe{sub 2} type, P6{sub 3}/mmc, a = 402.665(3), c = 1632.820(14) pm for x = 0, y = 0.08). Fe{sub 3}Ge layers with planar FeGe hexagons and additional iron atoms above and below the rings are separated by double layers of tellurium atoms. Fe{sub 3}GeTe{sub 2} is ferromagnetic below T{sub C} = 230 K with magnetic moments aligned along the c axis. T{sub C} depends on the iron content and decreases with increasing iron vacancies continuously to 153 K in Fe{sub 2.71}GeTe{sub 2}. Further reduction of T{sub C} is possible by nickel substitution until magnetic ordering is nearly absent in Fe{sub 1.33}Ni{sub 1.32}GeTe{sub 2}. The suppression of the magnetic ordering is caused by random dilution of the magnetic iron atoms either by vacancies or by non-magnetic nickel atoms.

  7. Magnetic properties of Mn3-xFexSn compounds with tuneable Curie temperature by Fe content for thermomagnetic motors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Felez, Marissol R.; Coelho, Adelino A.; Gama, Sergio

    2017-12-01

    Mn3-xFexSn system (0.00 ≤ x3.00 with Δx = 0.25) alloys present the Curie temperature (TC) or transition temperature (TT) tuneable by the Fe content. A piece-wise linear profile for TC,T as a function of x is observed in a two wide temperature ranges, between 155 K up to 759 K and 259 K up to 155 K. Their equations are TC,T = (59 ± 15) + (240 ± 7)·x and TC,T = (257 ± 1) - (206 ± 4)·x, respectively. The alloys are low cost and easy manufacturing, rare earth free, with second order magnetic transition (SOMT), and have good magnetic properties. These features suggest an immediate application of the material in cascade thermomagnetic motors that operate with a large temperature range between hot and cold sources. Furthermore, SOMT Mn-Fe-Sn system materials are also reported with advantages that could make alloys of the Mn3-xFexSn system, (0.88 ≤ x ≤ 1.20), promising candidate for magnetic refrigeration. The typical ferromagnetic behaviour is achieved only by samples with x ≥ 1. The samples with x between 0.00 and 0.75 do not show the saturation magnetization even using fields up to 13 T.

  8. Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties in the 2D Ti1 ? x Nb x S3 Trichalcogenides

    OpenAIRE

    Misse, Patrick R. N.; Berthebaud, David; Lebedev, Oleg I.; Maignan, Antoine; Guilmeau, Emmanuel

    2015-01-01

    A solid solution of Ti1 ? x Nb x S3 composition (x = 0, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10) was synthesized by solid-liquid-vapor reaction followed by spark plasma sintering. The obtained compounds crystallize in the monoclinic ZrSe3 structure type. For the x = 0.07 sample, a mixture of both A and B variants of the MX3 structure is evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. This result contrasts with those of pristine TiS3, prepared within the same conditions, which crystallizes as a large majority of A va...

  9. Real time global orbit feedback system for NSLS x-ray ring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yu, L.H.; Biscardi, R.; Bittner, J.; Fauchet, A.M.; Krinsky, F.S.; Nawrocky, R.J.; Rothman, J.; Singh, O.V.; Yang, K.M.

    1991-01-01

    We report on the design and commissioning of a real time harmonic global orbit feedback system for the NSLS X-ray ring. This system uses 8 pick-up electrode position monitors and 16 trim dipole magnets to eliminate 3 harmonic components of the orbit fluctuations. Because of the larger number of position monitors and trim magnets, the X-ray ring feedback system differs from the previously reported VUV ring system in that the Fourier analysis and harmonic generation networks are comprised of MDAC boards controlled by computer. The implementation of the global feedback system has resulted in a dramatic improvement of orbit stability, by more than a factor of five everywhere. Simultaneous operation of the global and several local bump feedback systems has been achieved. 4 refs., 5 figs

  10. Search for negative U in the Ba1-xKxBi1-yPbyO3 system using constrained density-functional theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vielsack, G.; Weber, W.

    1996-01-01

    Calculations using constrained density-functional theory have been carried out for the Ba 1-x K x Bi 1-y Pb y O 3 system, using a full-potential linearized-augmented-plane-wave method and employing fcc supercell geometries with two formula units. The results have been mapped onto Hubbard-type models in order to extract values of interaction parameters U at the Bi sites. Two different mapping procedures have been utilized. The first one is the standard method, based on the comparison of total-energy curvatures. The second method, proposed in the present work, relies on the analysis of single particle energies and yields much smaller numerical errors. For BaBiO 3 interaction parameters are obtained for the following models: (i) s and p orbitals at Bi and p orbitals at O sites. Here, U s =3.1±0.4 eV, U sp =1.4±0.2 eV, U p =2.2±0.4 eV are found, (ii) s(Bi) and p(O) orbitals, yielding U s =1.9±0.7 eV, and (iii) an effective one-band model, leading to U s =0.6±0.4 eV. Further studies have been performed for breathing distorted BaBiO 3 and for various Ba 1-x K x Bi 1-y Pb y O 3 alloys using virtual crystal approximations. The resulting U values are somewhat larger than for pure BaBiO 3 . Thus, in all cases, the values of Bi U parameters are found to be positive. There is no indication of a negative U of electronic origin. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

  11. The (AgInSe{sub 2}){sub 1-x}(VSe){sub x} system (0{<=}x{<=}0.5): X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis measurements

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Duran, S.; Grima, P.; Quintero, M.; Ruiz, J. [Centro de Estudio en Semiconductores (C.E.S.), Dpto. Fisica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Munoz, M. [Centro de Estudio en Semiconductores (C.E.S.), Dpto. Fisica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Ceballos, L. [Laboratorio de Cristalografia, Dpto. Quimica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Briceno, J.M. [Laboratorio de Analisis Quimico y Estructural (LAQUEM), Dpto. Fisica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela); Romero, H. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo de Solidos, Dpto. Fisica, Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida (Venezuela)

    2005-08-01

    Polycrystalline samples of the (AgInSe{sub 2}){sub 1-x}(VSe){sub x} system were prepared by the melt and anneal method. The anneal temperature was 900 K and the anneal time one month. The step composition was 0.1 and the weight of each sample approximately 1 g. Additionally, the composition x=1/3 was also prepared, since these alloys have been reported as electronic, i.e. definite compounds exist in the diagram at precise values of composition, one of them x=1/3. The stoichiometric relation of the samples was investigated by SEM technique. The experimental values, in average, are very close to the nominal values, all of them lying inside the interval of the experimental error ({+-}5%). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) techniques were used for characterization of the alloy samples. Guinier photographs were obtained for all the samples and unit cell parameters were calculated using the available software for indexation. The diffraction patterns show sharp lines indicating good thermal equilibrium of the samples. Transition temperatures obtained from DTA measurements were manually obtained from the T vs. T graph with the criteria that the transition occurs at the intersection of the base line with the slope of the thermal transition peak, as usually. From the analysis of the experimental results it was observed that the solid solubility of VSe in AgInSe{sub 2} is approximately 20%, i.e. the single-phase region exists in the composition range 0{<=}x<0.2, whereas for x>0.2 at least two phases coexist. A schematic T-x phase diagram is proposed. (copyright 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

  12. Synthesis of the hydride mixtures (1 - x)AlH3/xMgH2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) by ball milling and their hydrogen storage properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Iosub, V.; Matsunaga, T.; Tange, K.; Ishikiriyama, M.; Miwa, K.

    2009-01-01

    In an effort to thermodynamically stabilize the alane (i.e., to increase the desorption enthalpy), partial substitution of Mg for Al was investigated by ball milling the mixtures (1 - x)AlH 3 /xMgH 2 (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). Rietveld analysis of the XRD profiles showed that the cell volume of α-AlH 3 increased with the Mg substitution rate, and thereby formation of solid solutions was assumed (x ≤ 0.05). In agreement with the experimental results, theoretical calculations indicated that a hypothetical supercell structure (MgAl 15 )H 47 (x = 0.0625), which contained a hydrogen vacancy, was at least metastable. However, the effect of alane stabilization by Mg substitution for Al was not observed, either by experiment or by simulation, and only an increase in the activation energy was measured.

  13. CH3NH3Pb1−xMgxI3 perovskites as environmentally friendly photovoltaic materials

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Y. D. Zhang

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available In an effort to reduce the toxicity of Pb in perovskite solar cells, the band structures, electron and hole effective masses, and electronic and optical properties of the novel perovskites CH3NH3Pb1−xMgxI3 were predicted using density functional theory with the scalar relativistic generalized gradient approximation. The calculation results indicated that the introduction of the Mg component caused the band gaps of the CH3NH3Pb1−xMgxI3 compounds to exceed that of CH3NH3PbI3. The calculated absorption coefficients of the CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3Pb1−xMgxI3 perovskites revealed that substituting 12.5 mol % of the Pb in CH3NH3PbI3 with Mg had little effect on the absorption ability. Surprisingly, it was also found that CH3NH3Pb0.75Mg0.25I3 retained up to 83% of the absorption performance relative to CH3NH3PbI3. This indicates that the amount of toxic Pb used in perovskite solar cells could be reduced by a quarter while retaining over 80% of the light-absorbing ability. In general, these novel CH3NH3Pb1−xMgxI3 (x ≤ 0.25 perovskites represent promising candidates for environmentally friendly light-harvesting materials for use in solar cells.

  14. Direct evidence for double-exchange coupling in Ru- substituted La0.7Pb0.3Mn 1 - x Ru x O3, 0.0 <= x <= 0.4

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sundar Manoharan, S.; Sahu, R. K.; Rao, M. L.; Elefant, D.; Schneider, C. M.

    2002-08-01

    The La0.7Pb0.3Mn 1 - x Ru x O3 (0.0 innate relationship between Mn and Ru ions by a unique double-exchange mediated transport behavior. This is exonerated by the coexistence of Tp and Tc (range 330 K 245 K for 0.0 30%, the hole carrier mass influences the transport property. X-ray absorption spectra suggest that the Tc-Tp match is due to the transport mediated by the Mn3+/Mn4+ leftrightarrow Ru4+/Ru5+ redox pair and also due to the broad low-spin Ru:4d conduction band. For x > 0.2, T < 0.5Tc obeys a modified variable-range hopping model, where kT0 propto (M/Ms)2, suggesting a random magnetic potential which localizes the charge carriers.

  15. Magnetocaloric effect in (La1-xAx)2/3Ba1/3Mn1.05O3

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ancona-Torres, Carlos Eugenio; Menon, Mohan; Bahl, Christian Robert Haffenden

    Recently, a large magnetocaloric effect has been reported in La2/3Ba1/3MnO3-δ at about 300 K. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the ion size distribution at the A site on the magnetocaloric effect of this perovskite material. This is accomplished by replacing the lanthanum by Ce, Pr......, and Nd, which allows us to study the effect of both the average size, , and the distribution, σrA, on the magnetic properties of the system. Using magnetization and heat capacity measurements, we determine the important magnetocaloric parameters ΔSM and ΔTad of (La1-xAx)2/3Ba1/3Mn1.05O3-δ powders...

  16. The mass of the black hole in LMC X-3

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Orosz, Jerome A. [Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221 (United States); Steiner, James F.; McClintock, Jeffrey E. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Buxton, Michelle M.; Bailyn, Charles D. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101 (United States); Steeghs, Danny [Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Guberman, Alec [Byram Hills High School, 12 Tripp Lane, Armonk, NY 10504 (United States); Torres, Manuel A. P., E-mail: jorosz@mail.sdsu.edu, E-mail: jsteiner@cfa.harvard.edu, E-mail: jem@cfa.harvard.edu, E-mail: michelle.buxton@yale.edu, E-mail: charles.bailyn@yale.edu, E-mail: D.T.H.Steeghs@warwick.ac.uk, E-mail: alec.guberman@stonybrook.edu, E-mail: M.Torres@sron.nl [SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht (Netherlands)

    2014-10-20

    We analyze a large set of new and archival photometric and spectroscopic observations of LMC X-3 to arrive at a self-consistent dynamical model for the system. Using echelle spectra obtained with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle instrument on the 6.5 m Magellan Clay telescope and the UVES instrument on the second 8.2 m Very Large Telescope, we find a velocity semiamplitude for the secondary star of K {sub 2} = 241.1 ± 6.2 km s{sup –1}, where the uncertainty includes an estimate of the systematic error caused by X-ray heating. Using the spectra, we also find a projected rotational velocity of V {sub rot}sin i = 118.5 ± 6.6 km s{sup –1}. From an analysis of archival B and V light curves as well as new B and V light curves from the SMARTS 1.3 m telescope, we find an inclination of i = 69.°84 ± 0.°37 for models that do not include X-ray heating and an inclination of i = 69.°24 ± 0.°72 for models that incorporate X-ray heating. Adopting the latter inclination measurement, we find masses of 3.63 ± 0.57 M {sub ☉} and 6.98 ± 0.56 M {sub ☉} for the companion star and the black hole, respectively. We briefly compare our results with earlier work and discuss some of their implications.

  17. Synthesis, Structure, and Li-Ion Conductivity of LiLa(BH4)3X, X = Cl, Br, I

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    GharibDoust, Seyed Hosein Payandeh; Brighi, Matteo; Sadikin, Yolanda

    2017-01-01

    In this work, a new type of addition reaction between La(BH4)3 and LiX, X = Cl, Br, I, is used to synthesize LiLa(BH4)3Cl and two new compounds LiLa(BH4)3X, X = Br, I. This method increases the amounts of LiLa(BH4)3X and the sample purity. The highest Li-ion conductivity is observed for LiLa(BH4...... with increasing lattice parameter, that is, increasing size of the halide ion in the structure. Thus, we conclude that the sizes of both windows are important for the lithium ion conduction in LiLa(BH4)3X compounds. The lithium ion conductivity is measured over one to three heating cycles and with different...

  18. Stellar winds in binary X-ray systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Macgregor, K. B.; Vitello, P. A. J.

    1982-01-01

    It is thought that accretion from a strong stellar wind by a compact object may be responsible for the X-ray emission from binary systems containing a massive early-type primary. To investigate the effect of X-ray heating and ionization on the mass transfer process in systems of this type, an idealized model is constructed for the flow of a radiation-driven wind in the presence of an X-ray source of specified luminosity, L sub x. It is noted that for low values of L sub x, X-ray photoionization gives rise to additional ions having spectral lines with wavelengths situated near the peak of the primary continuum flux distribution. As a consequence, the radiation force acting on the gas increases in relation to its value in the absence of X-rays, and the wind is accelerated to higher velocities. As L sub x is increased, the degree of ionization of the wind increases, and the magnitude of the radiation force is diminished in comparison with the case in which L sub x = 0. This reduction leads at first to a decrease in the wind velocity and ultimately (for L sub x sufficiently large) to the termination of radiatively driven mass loss.

  19. Multiferroic properties of nanocrystalline BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0.0–0.15) perovskite ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chaudhari, Yogesh [Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharastra (India); Department of Physics, Shri. Pancham Khemaraj Mahavidyalaya, Sawantwadi 416510, Maharastra (India); Mahajan, Chandrashekhar M. [Department of Engineering Sciences and Humanities (DESH), Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune 411 016, Maharastra (India); Singh, Amrita [Magnetics and Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 (India); Jagtap, Prashant [Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharastra (India); Chatterjee, Ratnamala [Magnetics and Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 (India); Bendre, Subhash, E-mail: bendrest@gmail.com [Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharastra (India)

    2015-12-01

    Ni doped BiFeO{sub 3} (x=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) nanocrystalline ceramics were synthesized by the solution combustion method (SCM) to obtain optimal multiferroic properties. The effect of Ni doping on structural, morphological, ferroelectric, magnetic and dielectric properties of BiFeO{sub 3} was studied. The structural investigations by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed that BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics have rhombhohedral perovskite structure. The ferroelectric hysteresis measurements for BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) compound at room temperature found to exhibit unsaturated behavior and presents partial reversal of polarization. The magnetic measurements demonstrated an enhancement of ferromagnetic property due to Ni doping in BiFeO{sub 3} when compared with undoped BiFeO{sub 3}. The variation of dielectric constant with temperature in BiFe{sub 0.9}Ni{sub 0.1}O{sub 3} and BiFe{sub 0.85}Ni{sub 0.15}O{sub 3} samples evidenced an apparent dielectric anomaly around 350 °C and 300 °C which corresponds to antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition of (T{sub N}) of BiFeO{sub 3}. The dependence of room temperature dielectric properties on frequency signifies that both dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) are the strong function of frequency. The results show that solution combustion method leads to synthesis of an excellent and reproducible BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} multiferroic ceramics. - Highlights: • Synthesis of BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} (x=0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) multiferroic ceramics. • Solution Combustion Method (SCM). • Ferroelectric and dielectric properties of undoped and Ni doped BiFeO{sub 3} ceramics. • High temperature synthesis of BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} multiferroic ceramics. • First detailed report about SCM synthesized the BiFe{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics.

  20. Weak Antilocalization in Bi 2 (Se x Te 1– x ) 3 Nanoribbons and Nanoplates

    KAUST Repository

    Cha, Judy J.; Kong, Desheng; Hong, Seung-Sae; Analytis, James G.; Lai, Keji; Cui, Yi

    2012-01-01

    Studying the surface states of Bi 2Se 3 and Bi 2Te 3 topological insulators has proven challenging due to the high bulk carrier density that masks the surface states. Ternary compound Bi 2(Se xTe 1-x) 3 may present a solution to the current materials challenge by lowering the bulk carrier mobility significantly. Here, we synthesized Bi 2(Se xTe 1-x) 3 nanoribbons and nanoplates via vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid growth methods where the atomic ratio x was controlled by the molecular ratio of Bi 2Se 3 to Bi 2Te 3 in the source mixture and ranged between 0 and 1. For the whole range of x, the ternary nanostructures are single crystalline without phase segregation, and their carrier densities decrease with x. However, the lowest electron density is still high (∼10 19 cm -3) and the mobility low, suggesting that the majority of these carriers may come from impurity states. Despite the high carrier density, weak antilocalization (WAL) is clearly observed. Angle-dependent magnetoconductance study shows that an appropriate magnetic field range is critical to capture a true, two-dimensional (2D) WAL effect, and a fit to the 2D localization theory gives α of -0.97, suggesting its origin may be the topological surface states. The power law dependence of the dephasing length on temperature is ∼T -0.49 within the appropriate field range (∼0.3 T), again reflecting the 2D nature of the WAL. Careful analysis on WAL shows how the surface states and the bulk/impurity states may interact with each other. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

  1. Weak Antilocalization in Bi 2 (Se x Te 1– x ) 3 Nanoribbons and Nanoplates

    KAUST Repository

    Cha, Judy J.

    2012-02-08

    Studying the surface states of Bi 2Se 3 and Bi 2Te 3 topological insulators has proven challenging due to the high bulk carrier density that masks the surface states. Ternary compound Bi 2(Se xTe 1-x) 3 may present a solution to the current materials challenge by lowering the bulk carrier mobility significantly. Here, we synthesized Bi 2(Se xTe 1-x) 3 nanoribbons and nanoplates via vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid growth methods where the atomic ratio x was controlled by the molecular ratio of Bi 2Se 3 to Bi 2Te 3 in the source mixture and ranged between 0 and 1. For the whole range of x, the ternary nanostructures are single crystalline without phase segregation, and their carrier densities decrease with x. However, the lowest electron density is still high (∼10 19 cm -3) and the mobility low, suggesting that the majority of these carriers may come from impurity states. Despite the high carrier density, weak antilocalization (WAL) is clearly observed. Angle-dependent magnetoconductance study shows that an appropriate magnetic field range is critical to capture a true, two-dimensional (2D) WAL effect, and a fit to the 2D localization theory gives α of -0.97, suggesting its origin may be the topological surface states. The power law dependence of the dephasing length on temperature is ∼T -0.49 within the appropriate field range (∼0.3 T), again reflecting the 2D nature of the WAL. Careful analysis on WAL shows how the surface states and the bulk/impurity states may interact with each other. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

  2. Structure and dielectric properties of (Ba{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}){sub 1-x}Na{sub x}(Ti{sub 0.9}Sn{sub 0.1}){sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ghoudi, Hanen; Khirouni, Kamel [Universite de Gabes, Laboratoire de Physique des Materiaux et des Nanomateriaux Appliquee a l' Environnement (La Phy MNE), Faculte des Sciences de Gabes, Gabes (Tunisia); Chkoundali, Souad [Universite de Sfax, Laboratoire des Materiaux Multifonctionnels et Applications (LaMMA), Faculte des Sciences de Sfax (FSS), Sfax (Tunisia); Aydi, Abdelhedi [Universite de Gabes, Laboratoire de Physique des Materiaux et des Nanomateriaux Appliquee a l' Environnement (La Phy MNE), Faculte des Sciences de Gabes, Gabes (Tunisia); Universite de Sfax, Laboratoire des Materiaux Multifonctionnels et Applications (LaMMA), Faculte des Sciences de Sfax (FSS), Sfax (Tunisia)

    2017-11-15

    (Ba{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}){sub 1-x}Na{sub x}(Ti{sub 0.9}Sn{sub 0.1}){sub 1-x}Nb{sub x}O{sub 3} ceramics with compositions x = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. These ceramics were examined by X-ray diffraction and dielectric measurements over a broad temperature and frequency ranges. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed a single-perovskite phase crystallized in a cubic structure, for x < 0.8, and in tetragonal, for x ≥ 0.8, with Pm3m and P4mm spaces groups, respectively. Two types of behaviors, classical ferroelectric or relaxor, were observed depending on the x composition. It is noted that temperatures T{sub C} (the Curie temperature) or T{sub m} (the temperature of maximum permittivity) rise when x increases and the relaxor character grows more significantly when x composition decreases. To analyze the dielectric relaxation degree of relaxor, various models were considered. It was proven that an exponential function could well describe the temperature dependence of the static dielectric constant and relaxation time. (orig.)

  3. System for calibration of instruments of x-ray measurement (CIR-X) applying the PGCS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaytan G, E.; Rivero G, T.; Cruz E, P.; Tovar M, V.M.; Vergara M, F.J.

    2007-01-01

    The Department of Metrology of Ionizing Radiations of the ININ carries out calibration of instruments for X-ray measurement that determine the operation parameters in X-ray diagnostic machines of the health and private sectors. To facilitate this task, the Department of Automation and Instrumentation developed a system for acquisition and signals processing coming from a reference voltage divider with traceability at NIST that is connected directly to the X-rays tube. The system is integrated by the X-ray unit, the X-ray measurement equipment Dynalizer IIIU of RADCAL, a data acquisition card, a personal computer and the acquisition software and signals processing. (Author)

  4. High energy neutrinos from Cyg X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Walker, T.P.; Kolb, E.W.; Turner, M.S.

    1985-07-01

    Assuming that the UHE air showers from Cyg X-3 are produced by photons, we calculate the expected neutrino emission from a model which produces the γ-rays in the atmosphere of the Cyg X-3 companion. We discuss the possibility of detecting such neutrinos in underground detectors and the constraints that such a signal places on the use of this model in other particle production scenarios. 16 refs., 5 figs

  5. Behavior of the irreversibility line in the new superconductor La1.5+xBa1.5+x-yCayCu3Oz

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parra Vargas, C.A.; Pimentel, J.L.; Pureur, P.; Landínez Téllez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

    2012-01-01

    The irreversibility properties of high-T c superconductors are of major importance for technological applications. For example, a high irreversibility magnetic field is a more desirable quality for a superconductor . The irreversibility line in the H-T plane is constituted by experimental points, which divides the irreversible and reversible behavior of the magnetization. The irreversibility lines for series of La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z polycrystalline samples with different doping were investigated. The samples were synthesized using the usual solid estate reaction method. Rietveld-type refinement of x-ray diffraction patterns permitted to determine the crystallization of material in a tetragonal structure. Curves of magnetization ZFC-FC for the system La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z , were measured in magnetic fields of the 10-20,000 Oe, and allowed to obtain the values for the irreversibility and critical temperatures. The data of irreversibility temperature allowed demarcating the irreversibility line, T irr (H). Two main lines are used for the interpretation of the irreversibility line: one of those which suppose that the vortexes are activated thermally and the other proposes that associated to T irr a phase transition occurs. The irreversibility line is described by a power law. The obtained results allow concluding that in the system La 1.5+x Ba 1.5+x-y Ca y Cu 3 O z a characteristic bend of the Almeida-Thouless (AT) tendency is dominant for low fields and a bend Gabay-Toulouse (GT) behavior for high magnetic fields. This feature of the irreversibility line has been reported as a characteristic of granular superconductors and it corroborates the topological effects of vortexes mentioned by several authors .

  6. Evaluation of band alignment of α-Ga2O3/α-(Al x Ga1‑ x )2O3 heterostructures by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uchida, Takayuki; Jinno, Riena; Takemoto, Shu; Kaneko, Kentaro; Fujita, Shizuo

    2018-04-01

    The band alignment at an α-Ga2O3/α-(Al x Ga1‑ x )2O3 heterointerface, with different Al compositions (x), grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results show that the heterointerface has the type-I band discontinuity with the valence band offsets of 0.090, 0.12, and 0.14 eV, and the conduction band offsets of 0.34, 0.79, and 1.87 eV, for x values of 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8, respectively. The small band offset for the valence band is attributed to the fact that the valence band of oxides is constituted by the localized O 2p level, which is dominated by the nature of oxygen atoms. The type-I band discontinuity is desirable for a variety of heterostructure devices.

  7. Structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline La{sub 0.77}Sr{sub 0.23}Mn{sub 1-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 {<=} x {<=} 0.5) manganites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    El-Hagary, M. [Physics Department, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. 6644, 51452 Buryadh (Saudi Arabia); Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna (Austria)], E-mail: magelhagary@yahoo.com; Shoker, Y.A. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo (Egypt); Mohammad, S. [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna (Austria); Moustafa, A.M. [National Research Center, Dokki, Giza (Egypt); El-Aal, A. Abd [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo (Egypt); Michor, H.; Reissner, M.; Hilscher, G. [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A-1040 Vienna (Austria); Ramadan, A.A. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Cairo (Egypt)

    2009-01-22

    The effect of the substitution for Mn with Cu in the polycrystalline La{sub 0.77}Sr{sub 0.23}Mn{sub 1-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3} (0 {<=} x {<=} 0.5) manganites upon the structural and magnetic properties has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetization measurements. The results indicate that replacing Mn by Cu in La{sub 0.77}Sr{sub 0.23}Mn{sub 1-x}Cu{sub x}O{sub 3} system led to a change in crystal structure at room temperature from rhombohedral phase (R-3c space group) to orthorhombic phase (Pmna space group) at x {>=} 0.3. Paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition at Curie temperature, T{sub C}, is observed. It was found that substitution of Cu on the Mn site causes a reduction in T{sub C}. The analysis of the crystallographic data suggested a strong correlation between structural and magnetism, for instance a relationship between a distortion of the MnO{sub 6} octahedron and the reduction in the Curie temperature. At x {>=} 0.3 the spin glass-like behaviour is evidence by a cup in the temperature-dependent magnetization, M(T), curves due to the appearance of antiferromagnetic (AFM) superexchange interaction imposed with ferromagnetic (FM) double exchange (DE) interaction. The variation of the effective magnetic moment, {mu}{sub eff}, upon Cu-doping level at B-site is analyzed in terms of structure phase transition. Magnetization at lower temperatures is less in the doped samples and decreases with increasing the Cu contents. A reduction in the saturated magnetic moments with increasing of the Cu substitution is observed in the concentration range x = 0-0.2.

  8. Ag on Ge(111): 2D x-ray structure analysis of the #sq root#3 x #sq root#3 superstructure

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dornisch, D.; Moritz, W.; Schulz, H.

    1992-01-01

    We have studied the Ag/Ge(111) square-root 3 x square-root 3 superstructure by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. In our structural analysis we find striking similarities to the geometry of Au on Si(111). The Ag atoms form trimer clusters with an Ag-Ag distance of 2.94 +/- 0.04 angstrom...

  9. Energy-band alignment of (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x gate dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition on β-Ga2O3 (-201)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yuan, Lei; Zhang, Hongpeng; Jia, Renxu; Guo, Lixin; Zhang, Yimen; Zhang, Yuming

    2018-03-01

    Energy band alignments between series band of Al-rich high-k materials (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x and β-Ga2O3 are investigated using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The results exhibit sufficient conduction band offsets (1.42-1.53 eV) in (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x/β-Ga2O3. In addition, it is also obtained that the value of Eg, △Ec, and △Ev for (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x/β-Ga2O3 change linearly with x, which can be expressed by 6.98-1.27x, 1.65-0.56x, and 0.48-0.70x, respectively. The higher dielectric constant and higher effective breakdown electric field of (HfO2)x(Al2O3)1-x compared with Al2O3, coupled with sufficient barrier height and lower gate leakage makes it a potential dielectric for high voltage β-Ga2O3 power MOSFET, and also provokes interest in further investigation of HfAlO/β-Ga2O3 interface properties.

  10. Differences of X-ray exposure between X-ray diagnostics with a conventional X-ray screen-system and with an image-intensifier-television-unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loehr, H.; Vogel, H.; Reinhart, J.; Jantzen, R.

    1977-01-01

    During X-ray diagnostics of patients in the II. Medizinische Poliklinik the X-ray exposure was determined. It corresponded to the data described in literature. Two groups were compared: 518 patients examined with a conventional X-ray screen-system and 642 patients examined with an image-intensifier-television-system. The results demonstrated that with exception of thoracical X-ray examination the replacing of the old system by the television system brought a remarkable increase of the X-ray exposure. The doses depended of the patients constitution to a high degree. (orig.) [de

  11. Theoretical insight into the distinct photocatalytic activity between NiO{sub x} and CoO{sub x} loaded Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} photocatalyst

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sun, Kenan; Li, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Qing [Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004 (China); Wang, Li, E-mail: chemwangl@henu.edu.cn [Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004 (China); Zhang, Jinglai, E-mail: zhangjinglai@henu.edu.cn [Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004 (China); Zhou, Xin, E-mail: zhouxin@dlu.edu.cn [College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 (China)

    2017-05-31

    Highlights: • Highly active photocatalytic Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} loaded with CoO{sub x} and NiO{sub x}. • Exploring the stable structure and the electronic properties by DFT calculations. • Investigating the behavior of water adsorption on the surface of photocatalytic. - Abstract: Experiments found that cocatalysts play an important role in influencing the efficiency of photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, how to choose proper cocatalysts in certain photocatalytic system is still a challenging question. In this work, the first-principles density functional theory is employed to explore two photocatalysts with different photocatalytic activity, CoO{sub x} and NiO{sub x} loaded Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5}, including finding the stable structure of metal oxide adsorbed surface, analyzing the electronic properties, and investigating the behavior of water adsorption. Our results indicate that the structural match between cluster and surface and less distortion of interfacial structure are benefit to the stability of the whole system. Water dissociation tends to occur at the interface between metal oxide cluster and Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} surface. Combining observations in experiments with our calculated results, we propose that the obvious difference of photocatalytic activities in CoO{sub x}/Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} and NiO{sub x}/Ta{sub 3}N{sub 5} is possibly related to whether there are impurity states located in the middle of band gap, which has adverse effect on the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes.

  12. Analysis of 3D Doppler Tomography of the X-ray Binary System Cygnus X-1 from Spectral Observations in 2007 in the HeII λ 4686 Å Line

    Science.gov (United States)

    Agafonov, M. I.; Karitskaya, E. A.; Sharova, O. I.; Bochkarev, N. G.; Zharikov, S. V.; Butenko, G. Z.; Bondar', A. V.; Bubukin, I. T.

    2018-03-01

    This is the second paper in a series dedicated to studies of the X-ray binary Cyg X-1 in the HeII λ 4686 Å line using 3D Doppler tomography. A detailed analysis of the tomogram constructed has made it possible for the first time to obtain information about the motions of gaseous flows including all three velocity components. The observations were obtained in June 2007 at the Terskol Branch of the Institute of Astronomy (Russia) and the National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico. The correctness of the tomographic results and their discussion is analyzed. The results are compared with a 2D Doppler tomogram reconstruction. Model-atmosphere computations of HeII λ 4686 Å line profiles are used to estimate the influence of absorption features of the Osupergiant on the emission structure in the tomogram. The correctness of the 3D solutions is confirmed by the good agreement between the original sequence of spectral data and a control data set computed using the constructed 3D Doppler tomogram. Tomograms constructed using the data of each of the two observatories are compared. The results of the reconstruction for inclinations of the system of 40° and 45° essentially coincide. The maximum absorption (corresponding to the O supergiant) and emission structural features in the 3D tomogram are located in its central ( V x , V y ) section, where the velocity component perpendicular to the orbital plane V z is zero. The emission is generated mainly in the outer part of the accretion structure, close to the supergiant. A gaseous stream from the Lagrangian point L1 with its motion close to the orbital plane can be distinguished. Its maximum velocity reaches 800 km/s. The identification of an emission structure with V z 300 km/s and with V x , V y in the velocity interval corresponding to the donor star was unexpected. Its presence may indicate, for example, an outflow of matter from a magnetic pole of the supergiant.

  13. Magnetization and ESR studies of La{sub 0.67}(Ca{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}){sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sendil Kumar, A., E-mail: sendilphy@gmail.com [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); Ravinder Reddy, K [School of Engineering Sciences & Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); Bhatnagar, Anil K. [School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India); School of Engineering Sciences & Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046 (India)

    2015-08-05

    Highlights: • Mg substitution reduces the ferromagnetic strength. • Inhomogeneous broadening is due to phase separation. • Griffiths phase existence is probed. - Abstract: Magnetization studies and line shape analysis on Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra of La{sub 0.67}(Ca{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}){sub 0.33}MnO{sub 3} are carried out. In paramagnetic phase well above T{sub c}, the ESR spectra are single Lorentzian but below and near T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP}, (T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP} is temperature at which line width is minimum) inhomogeneous broadening with asymmetry in the signal is observed due to phase separation. The resonance field below T{sup ∗}{sub ΔHPP} decreases with decreasing temperature. Above T{sub c} the intensity of the ESR spectra obeys the thermally activated model (Arrhenius behavior). Substitution of Mg weakens the ferromagnetic interaction and evolution of change in lineshape near T{sub c} is an evidence of Griffiths phase (coexistence of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic) in Mg doped LCMO system.

  14. Electrical transport of (1-x)La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}+xAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Phong, P.T. [Nhatrang Pedagogic College, Khanhhoa, 1st Nguyen Chanh, Nha Trang City, Khanhhoa (Viet Nam); Institute of Material Science, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Khiem, N.V. [Department of Natural Sciences, Hongduc University, 307 Le Lai Street Thanh Hoa City (Viet Nam)], E-mail: nvkhiem2002@yahoo.com; Dai, N.V.; Manh, D.H.; Hong, L.V.; Phuc, N.X. [Institute of Material Science, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi (Viet Nam)

    2009-10-15

    We report the resistivity ({rho})-temperature (T) patterns in (1-x)La{sub 0,7}Ca{sub 0,3}MnO{sub 3}+xAl{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites (0{<=}x{<=}0.05) over a temperature regime of 50-300 K. Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition has increased the resistivity of these composites. The Curie temperature (T{sub C}) is almost independent on the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} content and is about 250 K for all the samples, while the metal-insulator transition temperature (T{sub MI}) decreases with increasing Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} content. Based on the phenomenological equation for conductivity under a percolation approach, which is dependent on the phase segregation of ferromagnetic metallic clusters and paramagnetic insulating regions, we fitted the experimental data ({rho}-T) from 50 to 300 K and find that the activation barrier increases as Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} content increases.

  15. Laboratory tests of the Pulse Height Analysis system for Wendelstein 7-X

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kubkowska, M.; Czarnecka, A.; Figacz, W.; Jabłoński, S.; Kaczmarczyk, J.; Krawczyk, N.; Ryć, L.; Biedermann, C.; Koenig, R.; Thomsen, H.; Weller, A.; W7-X Team

    2015-10-01

    A pulse height analysis (PHA) system has been designed and manufactured for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, in such a way as to be already compatible with later quasi-continuous operation requirements. The diagnostic will provide X-ray spectra with energy resolution better than 180 eV . The system has three energy channels: 0.25-20 keV, 0.95-20 keV and 1.5-20 keV . For each channel a separate Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) equipped with a suitably selected beryllium foil is used. The range of the 3 energy channels can be further adapted to particular experiments by moving via a pneumatic actuator additional beryllium filters in front of the fixed ones. The PHA system is intended for measuring impurity species (e.g. C, Fe, Ni), electron temperature and for investigating possible suprathermal tails in the spectra. The system will be installed on the horizontal port AEK50 on W7-X. The SDD detectors, the replaceable filters and the adjustable piezo driven slits which allow to suitably adapt the X-ray signal intensity are mounted inside a vacuum chamber which is connected to the plasma vessel via a gate valve. The on-air diagnostic components are the preamplifiers, the Digital X-Ray Processor (XIA, U.S.A.), a computer, and an X-ray calibration source. For controlling the operation of the entire diagnostic system, as well as, for the data acquisition of the electrical pulses coming a special code was developed. The paper presents the construction of the PHA system for W7-X and the laboratory tests of its mechanical parts together with the information on the code developed to operate the diagnostic. The diagnostic was also tested and characterised by measuring Fe55 spectrum and fluorescence spectra of Ni, Fe, Cr and Cu induced by an X-ray mini-tube.

  16. Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ho, T.A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841 (Korea, Republic of); Lim, S.H., E-mail: sangholim@korea.ac.kr [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841 (Korea, Republic of); Tho, P.T.; Phan, T.L. [Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035 (Korea, Republic of); Yu, S.C. [Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644 (Korea, Republic of)

    2017-03-15

    The magnetic Mn{sup 3+} ions in La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} are partially replaced by nonmagnetic Zn{sup 2+} ions to form La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3} compounds (x=0.0, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1), and their magnetic and magnetocaloric properties are investigated. The Curie temperature decreases drastically from 245 to 70 K as x increases from 0 to 0.1. An analysis using the Banerjee's criterion of the experimental results for magnetization as a function of temperature and magnetic field indicates that the first-to-second order magnetic phase transformation occurs at a threshold composition of x=0.06, which is further supported by the universal curves of the normalized entropy change versus reduced temperature. The maximum magnetic entropy change measured at a magnetic field span of 50 kOe, which occurs near the Curie temperature, decreases from 10.30 to 2.15 J/kg K with the increase of x from 0.0 to 0.1. However, the relative cooling power, an important parameter for practical applications, shows a maximum value of 404 J/kg at x=0.08, which is 1.5 times greater than that observed for the undoped sample. - Highlights: • Magnetic and MCE of La{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}O{sub 3} are investigated. • Order of magnetic phase transition is dependent on the Zn doping concentration. • Although the |∆S{sub max}| decreases with increasing x, RCP increase remarkably.

  17. Ion irradiation induced order-to-disorder transformations in δ-phase Sc4-xZr3+xO12+x/2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, J.; Wang, Y.Q.; Tang, M.; Valdez, J.A.; Sickafus, K.E.

    2010-01-01

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of stoichiometry on crystal structure transformations in derivative fluorite compounds known as delta (δ) phase. In this study, polycrystalline δ-phase ceramic pellets were prepared with stoichiometries given by Sc 4-x Zr 3+x O 12+x/2 (x = 0, 0.77 and 1.20) . The pressed and polished pellets were then irradiated under cryogenic conditions with 200 keV Ne + ions to fluences ranging from 1-5 x 10 14 Ne/cm 2 . An order-to-disorder (O-D) transformation was observed for all compositions, as determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). However, the transformation threshold dose was found to systematically decrease with increasing ZrO 2 content: ∼0.2, ∼0.16, and ∼0.08 dpa for Sc 4-x Zr 3+x O 12+x/2 with x = 0, 0.77, and 1.20, respectively. These irradiation-induced phase transformation results are discussed in terms of the crystal structure of the δ-phase.

  18. Cluster-enhanced X-O-2 photochemistry (X=CH3I, C3H6, C6H12, and Xe)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Baklanov, A.V.; Bogdanchikov, G.A.; Vidma, K.V.; Chestakov, D.A.; Parker, D.H.

    2007-01-01

    The effect of a local environment on the photodissociation of molecular oxygen is investigated in the van der Waals complex X-O-2 (X=CH3I, C3H6, C6H12, and Xe). A single laser operating at wavelengths around 226 nm is used for both photodissociation of the van der Waals complex and simultaneous

  19. Improved Automotive NO (x) Aftertreatment System: Metal Ammine Complexes as NH3 Source for SCR Using Fe-Containing Zeolite Catalysts

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johannessen, Tue; Schmidt, Henning; Frey, Anne Mette

    2009-01-01

    Ammonia storage is a challenge in the selective catalytic reduction of NO (x) in vehicles. We propose a new system, based on metal ammines as the ammonia source. In combination with iron containing zeolites as the SCR catalyst it should be possible to obtain a low temperature system for NO (x...

  20. LaMn1-xFe xO3 and LaMn0.1-xFe0.90Mo x O3 perovskites: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in H2O2 reactions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiano Magalhães

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available In this work two perovskites were prepared: LaMn1-xFe xO3, and LaMn0.1-x Fe0.90Mo xO3. XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy suggest the formation of pure phase perovskite with the incorporation of Fe and Mo in the structure. The catalytic activity of these materials was studied in two reactions with H2O2: the decomposition to O2, and the oxidation of the model organic contaminant methylene blue. The perovskite composition strongly affects the catalytic activity, while Fe decreases the H2O2 decomposition Mo strongly improves dye oxidation.

  1. Study of the magnetic properties of the Ce{sub x} La{sub 1−x} Pt alloy system: Which interaction establishes ferromagnetism in Kondo systems?

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Očko, M., E-mail: ocko@ifs.hr [Institute of Physics, Bijenička c 46, 10000 Zagreb (Croatia); Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb (Croatia); Zadro, K. [Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000 Zagreb (Croatia); Drobac, Đ.; Aviani, I.; Salamon, K. [Institute of Physics, Bijenička c 46, 10000 Zagreb (Croatia); Mixson, D.; Bauer, E.D.; Sarrao, J.L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop K 764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)

    2016-11-01

    In order to study Kondo ferromagnetism, particularly of the CePt compound, we investigate the magnetic properties of the Ce{sub x}La{sub 1−x}Pt alloy system in the temperature range from 1.8 K to 320 K. The results of these investigations can be summarized as follows: dc-susceptibility can be described by the Curie–Weiss law at higher temperatures down to about 100 K, but also at the low temperatures above the phase transition. At higher temperatures, the extracted Curie–Weiss constant, θ{sub p}, is negative in contrast to the low temperatures, where θ{sub C} is positive. The extracted effective magnetic moment from the higher temperatures is the same for all the alloys and is close to the theoretical value of the isolated Ce{sup 3+} ion, μ=2.54 μ{sub B}, indicating the hybridization is weak and, and consequently, Kondo interaction is weak. These observations confirm the main important conclusions inferred from an earlier transport properties investigation of this alloy system. The Curie temperature extracted by various approaches was compared to the extraction from the ac-susceptibility measurements. We show that its concentration dependence is not consistent with Doniach's diagram. Hence, RKKY interaction is not responsible for the ferromagnetism in this alloy system. - Highlights: • We have found that for Ce{sub x}La{sub 1−x}Pt the temperature of the ferromagnetic transition linearly depends on x. • The Kondo temperature is independent of x. • Hence, RKKY interaction is not responsible for the ferromagnetism. • The lattice parameters show that direct exchange interaction is possible. • We expect that the investigations of Ce{sub x}Y{sub 1−x} will confirm our conclusions.

  2. Irreversibility Curve on Y1–xLuxBa2Cu3O7–δ (x=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconducting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grimaldos, J F Cepeda; Supelano G, I; Santos, A Sarmiento; Chiquillo, M V; Martínez B, D; Vargas, C A Parra

    2014-01-01

    The irreversibility line in the H–T plane divides the irreversible and reversible behaviour of the magnetization which is of importance for the characterization of high T c superconductors. In this work, we report the production of Y 1–X Lu X Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ (X=0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) superconducting system using the usual solid state reaction method. The irreversibility line H–T plane for the Y 1–X Lu X Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ polycrystalline sample was investigated. The curves of magnetization ZFC (cero field cooled)- FC (field cooled) were measured in magnetic fields between 100 Oe and 4000 Oe, and allowed to obtain the values for irreversibility and critical temperatures

  3. The Nano-X Linear Accelerator: A Compact and Economical Cancer Radiotherapy System Incorporating Patient Rotation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eslick, Enid M; Keall, Paul J

    2015-10-01

    Rapid technological improvements in radiotherapy delivery results in improved outcomes to patients, yet current commercial systems with these technologies on board are costly. The aim of this study was to develop a state-of-the-art cancer radiotherapy system that is economical and space efficient fitting with current world demands. The Nano-X system is a compact design that is light weight combining a patient rotation system with a vertical 6 MV fixed beam. In this paper, we present the Nano-X system design configuration, an estimate of the system dimensions and its potential impact on shielding cost reductions. We provide an assessment of implementing such a radiotherapy system clinically, its advantages and disadvantages compared to a compact conventional gantry rotating linac. The Nano-X system has several differentiating features from current radiotherapy systems, it is [1] compact and therefore can fit into small vaults, [2] light weight, and [3] engineering efficient, i.e., it rotates a relatively light component and the main treatment delivery components are not under rotation (e.g., DMLCs). All these features can have an impact on reducing the costs of the system. In terms of shielding requirements, leakage radiation was found to be the dominant contributor to the Nano-X vault and as such no primary shielding was necessary. For a low leakage design, the Nano-X vault footprint and concrete volume required is 17 m2 and 35 m3 respectively, compared to 54 m2 and 102 m3 for a conventional compact linac vault, resulting in decreased costs in shielding. Key issues to be investigated in future work are the possible patient comfort concerns associated with the patient rotation system, as well as the magnitude of deformation and subsequent adaptation requirements. © The Author(s) 2014.

  4. DFT analysis and FDTD simulation of CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x mixed halide perovskite solar cells: role of halide mixing and light trapping technique

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saffari, Mohaddeseh; Mohebpour, Mohammad Ali; Rahimpour Soleimani, H.; Bagheri Tagani, Meysam

    2017-10-01

    Since perovskite solar cells have attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years, the enhancement of their optical absorption and current density are among the basic upcoming challenges. For this reason, first, we have studied the structural and optical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 and the compounds doped by chlorine halogen CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x in the cubic phase by using a density functional theory (DFT). Then, we model a single-junction perovskite solar cell based on a full solution to Maxwell’s equations, using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, which helps us to investigate the light absorption efficiency and optical current density of the cell with CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x (x  =  0, 1, 2, 3) as the active layer. The results suggest that increasing the amount of chlorine in CH3NH3PbI3-x Cl x compound leads to an increase in the bandgap energy, as well as a decrease in the lattice constants and optical properties, like the refractive index and extinction coefficient of the structure. Also, the results obtained by the simulation express that by taking advantage of the light trapping techniques of SiO2, a remarkable increase of light absorption will be achieved to the magnitude of 83.13%, which is noticeable.

  5. The O(α3s) Heavy Flavor Contributions to the Charged Current Structure Function xF3(x,Q2) at Large Momentum Transfer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Behring, A.; Bluemlein, J.; Freitas, A. de; Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz; Hasselhuhn, A.; Manteuffel, A. von; Schneider, C.

    2015-08-01

    We calculate the massive Wilson coefficients for the heavy flavor contributions to the non-singlet charged current deep-inelastic scattering structure function xF W+ 3 (x,Q 2 )+xF W- 3 (x,Q 2 ) in the asymptotic region Q 2 >>m 2 to 3-loop order in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at general values of the Mellin variable N and the momentum fraction x. Besides the heavy quark pair production also the single heavy flavor excitation s→c contributes. Numerical results are presented for the charm quark contributions and consequences on the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule are discussed.

  6. Mixing transition-metal phosphates Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2): the synthesis, structure and electrochemical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Xudong; Zhao, Yanming; Kuang, Quan; Li, Xiaoming; Dong, Youzhong; Jing, Zhenzhen; Hou, Shiyu

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Monoclinic structure Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤ x≤2) solid solutions have been successfully fabricated via a two-step synthesis method. • Trace amounts of acetylene black would play a role of deoxidizer during the sintering process in an inert atmosphere. • V1-site is the preferred position when Fe"3"+ ions doped into Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 from our structural analysis. - Abstract: Mixing transition-metal phosphates Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2) were first designed to be a type of intercalated and deintercalated cathodes to obtain high specific capacity for safe Li-ion batteries. Since the residual oxygen in the quartz tube furnace and pellet would oxidize the V"3"+ to V"4"+ in the Ar ambience during the sintering process, trace amounts of acetylene black inside and outside the pellet could play a role of deoxidizer to protect V"3"+ meanwhile ensure Fe"3"+ not reducing to Fe"2"+. With the concerted effort of inside and outside acetylene black, monoclinic structure Li_3V_2_−_xFe_x(PO_4)_3 (0≤x≤2) solid solutions had been successfully fabricated via a two-step synthesis method. X-ray diffractions with Rietveld refinement revealed that V1-sites were the preferred position when Fe"3"+ ions doped into Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3, which means, every V1-site was occupied with the same probability by V"3"+ and Fe"3"+ when 0< x<1, and then for V2-site when 1< x<2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result showed the presence of trace amounts of acetylene black had realized the coexist of V"3"+ and Fe"3"+ in the Li_3M_2(PO_4)_3 framework. When evaluated as cathodes for Li-ion batteries, the pure Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3 electrode displayed the highest charge (137.2 mAh g"−"1) and discharge (121.5 mAh g"−"1) capacities in the first cycle, with the increase of Fe"3"+ content, all the charge and discharge capacities reduced drastically. Furthermore, the EIS results showed that the incorporation of the sluggish Fe"3"+ ions reduced the electronic conductivity and

  7. A photodiode amplifier system for pulse-by-pulse intensity measurement of an x-ray free electron laser.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kudo, Togo; Tono, Kensuke; Yabashi, Makina; Togashi, Tadashi; Sato, Takahiro; Inubushi, Yuichi; Omodani, Motohiko; Kirihara, Yoichi; Matsushita, Tomohiro; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Yamaga, Mitsuhiro; Uchiyama, Sadayuki; Hatsui, Takaki

    2012-04-01

    We have developed a single-shot intensity-measurement system using a silicon positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) photodiode for x-ray pulses from an x-ray free electron laser. A wide dynamic range (10(3)-10(11) photons/pulse) and long distance signal transmission (>100 m) were required for this measurement system. For this purpose, we developed charge-sensitive and shaping amplifiers, which can process charge pulses with a wide dynamic range and variable durations (ns-μs) and charge levels (pC-μC). Output signals from the amplifiers were transmitted to a data acquisition system through a long cable in the form of a differential signal. The x-ray pulse intensities were calculated from the peak values of the signals by a waveform fitting procedure. This system can measure 10(3)-10(9) photons/pulse of ~10 keV x-rays by direct irradiation of a silicon PIN photodiode, and from 10(7)-10(11) photons/pulse by detecting the x-rays scattered by a diamond film using the silicon PIN photodiode. This system gives a relative accuracy of ~10(-3) with a proper gain setting of the amplifiers for each measurement. Using this system, we succeeded in detecting weak light at the developmental phase of the light source, as well as intense light during lasing of the x-ray free electron laser. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

  8. Structural, magneto-optical properties and cation distribution of SrBi{sub x}La{sub x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 12−3x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) hexaferrites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Auwal, I.A. [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B. Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey); Güngüneş, H. [Department of Physics, Hitit University, 19030 Çevre Yolu Bulvarı, Çorum (Turkey); Güner, S. [Department of Physics, Fatih University, 34500 B. Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey); Shirsath, Sagar E. [Spin Device Technology Center, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 380-8553 Nagano (Japan); Sertkol, M. [Department of Physics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak (Turkey); Baykal, A., E-mail: hbaykal@fatih.edu.tr [Department of Chemistry, Fatih University, 34500 B. Çekmece, İstanbul (Turkey)

    2016-08-15

    Highlights: • SrBi{sub x}La{sub x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 12−3x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) hexaferrites have been prepared by sol-gel autocombustion. • XRD patterns show that SrBi{sub x}La{sub x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 12−3x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) hexaferrites exhibit hexagonal structure. • The intrinsic coercivity (H{sub ci}) above 15000 Oe reveals that all samples are magnetically hard materials. - Abstract: SrBi{sub x}La{sub x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 12−3x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33) hexaferrites were produced via sol-gel auto combustion. XRD patterns show that all the samples are single-phase M-type strontium hexaferrite (SrM). The magnetic hysteresis (σ-H) loops revealed the ferromagnetic nature of nanoparticles (NPs). The coercive field decreases from 4740 Oe to 2720 Oe with increasing ion content. In particular, SrBi{sub x}La{sub x}Y{sub x}Fe{sub 12−3x}O{sub 19} NPs with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 have suitable magnetic characteristics (σ{sub s} = 62.03–64.72 emu/g and H{sub c} = 3105–4740 Oe) for magnetic recording. The intrinsic coercivity (H{sub ci}) above 15000 Oe reveals that all samples are magnetically hard materials. Tauc plots were used to specify the direct optical energy band gap (E{sub g}) of NPs. The E{sub g} values are between 1.76 eV and 1.85 eV. {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy data, the variation in line width, isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, relative area and hyperfine magnetic field values on Bi{sup 3+} La{sup 3+} and Y{sup 3+} substitutions have been determined.

  9. Magnetoelastic effects in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanocrystalline perovskites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tabatabai Yazdi, Sh., E-mail: sh_tabatabai3@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91755-1436 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Iranmanesh, P. [Department of Physics, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 77139-36417 Rafsanjan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

    2014-09-01

    La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) nanoparticles, prepared by sol–gel method, were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements. It was revealed that samples of low Ca concentration (x≤0.1) crystallize in rhombohedral perovskite structure with R-3c space group, and by increasing x, smaller Ca radius causes the lattice to convert to orthorhombic structure (space group of Pbnm). The results exhibit an anomalous behavior in the thermal expansion behavior of all samples, as well as temperature dependence of their volume magnetostriction being related to the presence of a conductive magnetic two-phase state at temperatures higher than T{sub C}. Moreover, the magnitude of this magnetovolume effect increases with x due to smaller Ca size, which softens the crystal lattice. The results show that Ca substitution results in weakening the double-exchange interaction and consequently reducing T{sub C}, as well as decreasing the magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, our nanocrystalline samples have a relatively lower T{sub C}, compared with the reported values for similar compounds with larger particle size. Among them, the sample with x=0.2 possess T{sub C} value of about room temperature; to say by partial substitution of Ca for Sr we succeeded in adjusting the transition temperature of this series of manganites which was a main motivation for this research. - Highlights: • Magnetoelastic properties of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanocrystalline samples are investigated. • Substitution of Sr by Ca causes structure to convert from rhombohedral to orthorhombic perovskite. • Considerable magnetovolume anomalies are revealed due to presence of conductive MTPS above T{sub C}. • Ca softens the crystal lattice and intensifies the magnetovolume effects. • Ca reduces T{sub C} and magnetic anisotropy of compounds by weakening DE interactions.

  10. Luminescent properties of the potassium zinc phosphates of composition K1-xTlxZn(PO3)3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    El Abiad, A.; Mesnaoui, M.; Maazaz, M.; Parent, C.; Le Flem, G.

    2003-01-01

    Crystalline and glassy K 1-x Tl x Zn(PO 3 ) 3 polyphosphates have been synthesized and characterized. UV-visible spectroscopy was systematically used in order to analyze the optical properties of Tl + ions both in crystalline and glassy forms with the similar compositions. The investigated polyphosphates can be considered as a model system since the spectroscopic properties of Tl + ions in the glasses could be deduced by comparison with those in crystals. From structural point of view, in the crystalline forms the thallium ions are six-fold coordinated in a dissymmetrical oxygenated sites. Three luminescences (α, A X , A T ) have been then observed and were attributed to the isolated Tl + ions. In the glassy forms, an additional luminescence (D) has been detected in the low-energy range and was assigned to the Tl + pairs formation. The relationship between the Tl + site symmetry and its optical properties is discussed in the context of the Fukuda's model

  11. Cast Aluminum Alloys for High Temperature Applications Using Nanoparticles Al2O3 and Al3-X Compounds (X = Ti, V, Zr)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Jonathan A.

    2009-01-01

    In this paper, the effect of nanoparticles Al2O3 and Al3-X compounds (X = Ti, V, Zr) on the improvement of mechanical properties of aluminum alloys for elevated temperature applications is presented. These nanoparticles were selected based on their low cost, chemical stability and low diffusions rates in aluminum at high temperatures. The strengthening mechanism at high temperature for aluminum alloy is based on the mechanical blocking of dislocation movements by these nanoparticles. For Al2O3 nanoparticles, the test samples were prepared from special Al2O3 preforms, which were produced using ceramic injection molding process and then pressure infiltrated by molten aluminum. In another method, Al2O3 nanoparticles can also be homogeneously mixed with fine aluminum powder and consolidated into test samples through hot pressing and sintering. With the Al3-X nanoparticles, the test samples are produced as precipitates from in-situ reactions with molten aluminum using conventional permanent mold or die casting techniques. It is found that cast aluminum alloy using nanoparticles Al3-X is the most cost effective method to produce high strength aluminum alloys for high temperature applications in comparison to nanoparticles Al2O3. Furthermore, significant mechanical properties retention in high temperature environment could be achieved with Al3-X nanoparticles, resulting in tensile strength of nearly 3 times higher than most 300- series conventional cast aluminum alloys tested at 600 F.

  12. Crystal structure of Sm(NO3)3x6H2O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Espenbetov, A.A.; Gerr, R.G.; Struchkov, Yu.T.; Sal'nikova, N.A.; Akimov, V.M.; Odinets, Z.K.

    1985-01-01

    X-ray diffraction study of a salt, prepared when mixing concentrated nitric acid solutions of NaNO 3 and Sm(NO 3 ) 3 , has been carried out. It is established, that the salt is a concretion of two crystals: NaNO 3 and Sm(NO 3 ) 3 x6H 2 O (1). X-ray diffraction study of 1 is carried out (lambda Mo, diffractometer, 1511 reflections, the method of heavy atom, the least square method in anisotropic approximation up to R=0.0348). The crystals of 1 are triclinic: a=6.755, b=9.168, c=11.684 A, α=69.93, β=88.86, γ=69.28, Z=2, Fedorov group P anti 1. Symmetery of 10-vertex coordination polyhedron (CP) of Sm atom is close to Csub(s). Sm atom coordination can be described as 4;5:1. Four H 2 O molecules are included into CP, at the expense of two remaining H 2 O molecules CP are bound with each other

  13. Structural and microstructural analysis of the U-Gd-O system using X-Ray diffraction data

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Darin, Gaspar; Imakuma, Kengo; Martinez, Luis G.; Turrrilas, Xabier M.; Ichikawa, Rodrigo U.; Silva, André S.B.; Durazzo, Michelangelo; Riella, Humberto G.; Urano, Elita, E-mail: gaspardarin@gmail.com, E-mail: kimakuma@ipen.br, E-mail: lgallego@ipen.br, E-mail: ichikawa@usp.br, E-mail: andre.santos.silva@ipen.br, E-mail: mdurazzo@ipen.br, E-mail: riella@enq.ufsc.br, E-mail: elitaucf@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Combustíveis Nuclear; Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB) Barcelona (Spain)

    2017-11-01

    Gadolinium is one of the best neutron absorber materials and its usage can be considered as a burnable poison for Light Water Reactors (LWR) and as a sacrificial material in Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR). Most of the experiments in the literature focus on nuclear fuel with up to 12 wt% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Recently, the phase diagram and melting point has been investigated for high contents of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the U-Gd-O system, that means a solid solution of the composition (U{sub 1-x}, Gd{sub x})O{sub 2} for 0<x<100%. In this work, we present the analysis of the U-Gd-O system for high contents of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} using X-ray diffraction data. Rietveld analysis was applied to obtain cell parameters, atomic positions and atomic displacement factors and compared with literature available. Also, the quantification of phases was performed for the different contents of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} in the system. Finally, mean crystallite sizes were determined and correlated with the weight fraction of the phases. (author)

  14. Non-destructive test for irradiated fuels using X-ray CT system in hot-laboratory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Heemoon; Kim, Gil-Soo; Yoo, Boung-Ok; Tahk, Young-Wook; Cho, Moon-Sung; Ahn, Sang-Bok

    2015-01-01

    To inspect inside of irradiated fuel rod for PIE in hotcell, neutron beam and X-ray have been used. Many hot laboratories in the world have shown the results for NDT by 2-D film data. Currently, computed image processing technology instead of film has been developed and CT was applied to the X-ray and neutron beam system. In this trend, our facility needed to set up X-ray system for irradiated fuel inspection and installed in hotcell with consideration of radiation damage. In this study, X-ray system was tested to be operated with radioactive samples and was performed to inspect fuel rods and observe internal damage and dimensional change. 450kV X-ray CT system was installed in hotcell with modification and tested to check image resolution and radiation damage. The image data were analyzed by 3-D computer software. 8 fuel plates and VHTR rods were inspected and measured internal shape and dimension

  15. Highly constrained ferroelectric [BaTiO3](1−x)Λ/[BaZrO3]xΛ superlattices: X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Belhadi, J.; El Marssi, M.; Gagou, Y.; El Mendili, Y.; Bouyanfif, H.; Yuzyuk, Yu. I.; Raevski, I. P.; Wolfman, J.

    2014-01-01

    We report an x-ray diffraction (XRD) and a Raman-scattering investigation of ferroelectric/paraelectric superlattices [BaTiO 3 ] (1−x)Λ /[BaZrO 3 ] xΛ for which the composition varied, 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.85, while the superlattice (SL) modulation period Λ was kept constant at about 100 Å. The samples were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgO substrates buffered with La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3 . Based on the XRD analysis and on polarized Raman spectra, we have showed that the large strain in SLs induced ferroelectricity in BaZrO 3 (BZ) for all SLs, a material that is paraelectric in the bulk form at any temperature and in the single film. The induced polar axis in BZ layers is perpendicular to the plane of substrate while BaTiO 3 (BT) layers exhibit in-plane polar orientation. Raman spectroscopy revealed a lattice ordering in SLs due to the misfit strain generated by the large lattice mismatch between the alternating BZ and BT layers. This strain induced a huge upward frequency of the lowest E(1TO) soft mode from 60 cm −1 in the BT single film to 215 cm −1 in the SL with x = 0.85. These results show that in spite of relatively large periodicity of SLs, they are highly constrained and the variation of BZ ratio allowed modifying strains between layers. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra for BT 0.3Λ /BZ 0.7Λ and BT 0.7Λ /BZ 0.3Λ samples revealed giant shift of the ferroelectric phase transition. The phase transition temperature was found to be upshifted by about 300 °C with respect to BT single crystal.

  16. Magnetically controlled space charge capacitance at La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}/Sr{sub x}La{sub 1-x}TiO{sub 3} interfaces

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, Rainer; Garcia-Barriocanal, Javier; Leon, Carlos; Santamaria, Jacobo [Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Dpto. Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, GFMC (Spain); Unidad Asociada ' ' Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con Aplicacion en Espintronica' ' , UCM/CSIC, Madrid (Spain); Varela, Maria [Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Dpto. Fisica Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, GFMC (Spain); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain); Garcia-Hernandez, Mar [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid (Spain)

    2016-08-15

    This work reports on magnetocapacitance (MC) effects in epitaxial heterostructures of nominally 15 unit cells (u.c.) LaMnO{sub 3} (LMO) and 2 u.c. SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) with an alternating layer-repetition rate of 8: (LMO{sub 15}/STO{sub 2}){sub 8}. Epitaxial multilayer growth at high temperatures (900 C) activates a selective inter-diffusion of La{sup 3+} and Sr{sup 2+} cations across the interfaces, which gives rise to Sr p-doping of the LMO and La n-doping of the STO layers. MC effects at the buried La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}/Sr{sub x}La{sub 1-x}TiO{sub 3} (LSMO/SLTO) interfaces are probed by frequency, temperature and magnetic field dependent AC impedance spectroscopy. The technique is shown to be appropriate to account for the separate analysis of different resistance and capacitance contributions at the buried interfaces. As a result of the La/Sr inter-diffusion process, Schottky barriers are formed at the LSMO/SLTO interfaces, which give rise to massive MC of up to ∼ -200% in the out-of-plane film direction. The capacitance of the manganite-titanate LSMO/SLTO interfaces may be coupled indirectly to the resistance of the LSMO layers, because the Schottky space-charge layers and their capacitance can be modulated by varying the concentration of highly mobile charge carriers in the LSMO with a magnetic field. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  17. The inverse perovskite nitrides (Sr{sub 3}N{sub 2/3-x})Sn, (Sr{sub 3}N{sub 2/3-x})Pb, and (Sr{sub 3}N)Sb. Flux crystal growth, crystal structures, and physical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pathak, Manisha; Bobnar, Matej; Ormeci, Alim; Prots, Yurii; Hoehn, Peter [Chemische Metallkunde, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden (Germany); Stoiber, Dominik; Niewa, Rainer [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany)

    2018-02-15

    Black single crystals with metallic luster of (Sr{sub 3}N{sub 2/3-x})E (E = Sn, Pb) and (Sr{sub 3}N)Sb were grown in lithium flux from strontium nitride, Sr{sub 2}N, and tin, lead, or antimony, respectively. Nitrogen deficiency in the tin and the lead compound is a result of the higher ionic charge of the tetrelide ions E{sup 4-} as compared to the antimonide ion Sb{sup 3-}. In contrast to microcrystalline samples from solid state sinter reactions obtained earlier, the flux synthesis induces nitrogen order in the nitrogen deficient tetrelides. The antimony compound crystallizes as inverse cubic perovskite [a = 517.22(5) pm, Z = 1, space group Pm3m, no. 221] with fully occupied nitrogen site, whereas the nitrogen deficient tin and lead compounds exhibit partially ordered arrangements and a certain phase width in respect to nitrogen contents. For the tetrelides, the nitrogen order leads to a cubic 2 x 2 x 2 superstructure [E = Sn: a = 1045.64(8) pm for x = 0, a = 1047.08(7) pm for x = 0.08; and E = Pb: a = 1050.7(1) pm for x = 0, space group Fm3m, no. 225] as derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The metallic tetrelides show diamagnetic behavior, which is consistent with electronic structure calculations. (copyright 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  18. Soft X-ray observations of the supernova remnants HB 3 and 3C 58

    Science.gov (United States)

    Galas, C. M. F.; Tuohy, I. R.; Garmire, G. P.

    1980-01-01

    The HEAO 1 A-2 low energy detectors have discovered soft X-ray emission from a source positionally coincident with the supernova remnant HB 3. The flux in the energy range 0.3-2.2 keV is about 6 x 10 to the -11th ergs per sq cm s. The spectral data are fitted to a hydrogen thermal bremsstrahlung model, and the physical parameters of the supernova remnant are estimated. The age derived is about 21,000 years, and the initial blast energy is about 3.1 x 10 to the 50th ergs. Upper limits to the soft X-ray flux and the luminosity of the supernova remnant 3 C 58 are also derived.

  19. The investigation of YAlO{sub 3}-NdAlO{sub 3} system, synthesis and characterization

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Szysiak, A., E-mail: agnieszka.szysiak@itme.edu.pl [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland); Klimm, D.; Ganschow, S. [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born Str. 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Mirkowska, M.; Diduszko, R.; Lipinska, L. [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland); Kwasniewski, A. [Leibniz Institute for Crystal Growth, Max-Born Str. 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany); Pajaczkowska, A. [Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw (Poland)

    2011-09-01

    Highlights: {center_dot} The system YAlO{sub 3}-NdAlO{sub 3} is pseudo-binary. {center_dot} Both end members show high mutual solubility >25% in the solid phase. {center_dot} A solid solution Y{sub 0.8}Nd{sub 0.2} melts azeotropic ca. 20{sup o} below pure YAP. {center_dot} All YAP-rich solid solutions have the 2-phase region between solidus and liquidus. - Abstract: The pseudo-binary phase diagram of the YAlO{sub 3} (YAP)-NdAlO{sub 3} (NAP) system was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. High purity nanocrystalline powders and small single crystals of Y{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}AlO{sub 3} (0 {<=} x {<=} 1) have been produced successfully by modified sol-gel (Pechini) and micro-pulling-down methods, respectively. Both end members show high mutual solubility >25% in the solid phase, with a miscibility gap for intermediate compositions. A solid solution with x {approx} 0.2 melts azeotropic ca. 20{sup o} below pure YAP. Such crystals can be grown from the melt without segregation. The narrow solid/liquid region near the azeotrope point could be measured with a 'cycling' DTA measurement technique.

  20. Above room-temperature ferromagnetism in La1-xCaxMnO3 epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3(001) substrates

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kou, Yunfang; Wang, Hui; Miao, Tian; Wang, Yanmei; Xie, Lin; Wang, Shasha; Liu, Hao; Lin, Hanxuan; Zhu, Yinyan; Wang, Wenbin; Du, Haifeng; Pan, Xiaoqing; Wu, Ruqian; Yin, Lifeng; Shen, Jian

    The colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites are popular materials for spintronics applications due to their high spin polarization. Only a couple of manganites like La1-xSrxMnO3 have a Curie temperature (Tc) that is higher than room temperature. Finding methods to raise the Tc of manganites over room temperature is useful but challenging. In this work, we use the most intensively studied La1-xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) as the prototype system to demonstrate that Tc can be greatly enhanced by carefully tuning the electronic structure using doping and strain. Specifically, we grow LCMO films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Magnetic and transport measurements indicate a great enhancement of Tc over room temperature at x =0.2 doping. Theoretical calculations indicate that the combined effects from doping and strain give rise to a new electronic structure favoring ferromagnetism in LCMO system. Furthermore, using the La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 as ferromagnetic electrodes, we achieve finite tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) above room temperature.

  1. Epitaxial growth and properties of YBa2Cu3O(x)-Pb(Zr(0.6)Ti(0.4))O3-YBa2Cu3O(x) trilayer structure by laser ablation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Boikov, Iu. A.; Esaian, S. K.; Ivanov, Z. G.; Brorsson, G.; Claeson, T.; Lee, J.; Safari, A.

    1992-08-01

    YBa2Cu3O(x)Pb(Zr(0.6)Ti(0.4))O3-YBa2Cu3O(x) multilayer structure has been grown on SrTiO3 and Al2O3 substrates using laser ablation. The deposition conditions for the growth of trilayers and their properties are studied in this investigation. Scanning electron microscope images and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that all the constituent films in the trilayer grow epitaxially on SrTiO3 and were highly oriented on Al2O3. Transport measurements on these multilayers show that top YBa2Cu3O(x) films have good superconducting properties.

  2. Synthesis and crystal structure determination of YCo1−xFexO3 (x ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    FexO3 (x = 0, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67 and 1) perovskites are presented in this work. ..... calculated values for stress, strain, cell distortion and ... Yin X, Hong L and Liu Z-L 2006 Appl. Catal. A: ... Silva A M, Kong X, Parkin M C, Cammack R and Hider.

  3. The selection criteria elements of X-ray optics system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Plotnikova, I. V.; Chicherina, N. V.; Bays, S. S.; Bildanov, R. G.; Stary, O.

    2018-01-01

    At the design of new modifications of x-ray tomography there are difficulties in the right choice of elements of X-ray optical system. Now this problem is solved by practical consideration, selection of values of the corresponding parameters - tension on an x-ray tube taking into account the thickness and type of the studied material. For reduction of time and labor input of design it is necessary to create the criteria of the choice, to determine key parameters and characteristics of elements. In the article two main elements of X-ray optical system - an x-ray tube and the detector of x-ray radiation - are considered. Criteria of the choice of elements, their key characteristics, the main dependences of parameters, quality indicators and also recommendations according to the choice of elements of x-ray systems are received.

  4. Adaptive strain prompting a pseudo-morphotropic phase boundary in ferroelectric (1-x ) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-x BaTiO3

    Science.gov (United States)

    Datta, K.; Neder, R. B.; Richter, A.; Göbbels, M.; Neuefeind, J. C.; Mihailova, B.

    2018-05-01

    The understanding of the atomistic origin of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) occurring in composition-temperature phase diagrams of ferroelectric solid solutions is a key topic in material science because materials often exhibit anomalous properties at the MPB. Here we reveal mesoscopic-scale structural correlations for a leading Pb-free ferroelectric system, (1 -x ) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-x BaTiO3 (NBT-x BT ), by examining atomic pair distribution functions and Raman scattering data at ambient conditions. We demonstrate that the amplification of the piezoelectric properties of NBT-x BT at the MPB are predominantly driven by an easy switchability resulting from a progressive decoupling between strain and polarization as the Ba content increases from zero to the critical MPB composition. It was observed that as Ba content increases towards MPB, competing local correlations, such as A-site chemical order, antiferrodistortive correlations of correlated BO6 tilts, and antipolar Bi shifts, are reduced, which in turn renders favorable conditions for easy switching of local dipoles under external fields. In addition, the evolving characteristics of the atomic dynamics as a function of composition suggest that the local potential functions of the cations are not completely flat at the MPB. Altogether, our results reveal atomistic mechanisms responsible for the observed elevated MPB properties in the case of NBT-x BT which imply that the so-called MPB of NBT-x BT should not be categorized as originally introduced for Pb-containing solid solutions.

  5. A Comprehensive Analysis of the X-15 Flight 3-65 Accident

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dennehy, Cornelius J.; Orr, Jeb S.; Barshi, Immanuel; Statler, Irving C.

    2014-01-01

    The November 15, 1967, loss of X-15 Flight 3-65-97 (hereafter referred to as Flight 3-65) was a unique incident in that it was the first and only aerospace flight accident involving loss of crew on a vehicle with an adaptive flight control system (AFCS). In addition, Flight 3-65 remains the only incidence of a single-pilot departure from controlled flight of a manned entry vehicle in a hypersonic flight regime. To mitigate risk to emerging aerospace systems, the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) proposed a comprehensive review of this accident. The goal of the assessment was to resolve lingering questions regarding the failure modes of the aircraft systems (including the AFCS) and thoroughly analyze the interactions among the human agents and autonomous systems that contributed to the loss of the pilot and aircraft. This document contains the outcome of the accident review.

  6. Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and transport properties of Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 with different lithium contents

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Geng Hongxia; Lan Jinle; Mei Ao; Lin Yuanhua; Nan, C.W.

    2011-01-01

    Li 3x La 2/3-x TiO 3 (LLTO) powder with different lithium contents (nominal 3x = 0.03-0.75) was synthesized via a simple sol-gel route and then calcination of gel-derived precursor at 900 o C which was much below the calcination temperature required for synthesizing the LLTO powder via solid state reaction route. The LLTO powder of sub-micron sized particles, derived from such sol-gel method, showed almost no aggregation. Starting from the sol-gel-derived powder, the LLTO ceramics with different lithium contents were prepared at different sintering temperatures of 1250 and 1350 o C. It demonstrated that our sol-gel route is quite simple and convenient compared to the previous sol-gel method and requires lower temperature for the LLTO. Our results also illustrated that lithium content significantly affects the structure and ionic conductivity of the LLTO ceramics. The dependence of the ionic conductivity on the lithium content, lattice structure, microstructure and sintering temperature was investigated systematically.

  7. The WA105-3x1x1 m3 dual phase LAr-TPC demonstrator

    CERN Document Server

    Murphy, Sebastien

    2016-11-15

    The dual phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) is the state-of-art technology for neutrino detection thanks to its superb 3D tracking and calorimetry performance. Its main feature is the charge amplification in gas argon which provides excellent signal-to-noise ratio. Electrons produced in the liquid argon are extracted in the gas phase. Here, a readout plane based on Large Electron Multiplier detectors provides amplification of the charges before its collection onto an anode with strip readout. The charge amplification enables constructing fully homoge- nous giant LAr-TPCs with tuneable gain, excellent charge imaging performance and increased sensitivity to low energy events. Following a staged approach the WA105 collaboration is con- structing a dual phase LAr-TPC with an active volume of 3x1x1m3 that will soon be tested with cosmic rays. Its construction and operation aims to test scalable solutions for the crucial aspects of this technology: ultra high argon purity in non-evacuable tank, la...

  8. Electron-ion-x-ray spectrometer system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Southworth, S.H.; Deslattes, R.D.; MacDonald, M.A.

    1993-01-01

    The authors describe a spectrometer system developed for electron, ion, and x-ray spectroscopy of gas-phase atoms and molecules following inner-shell excitation by tunable synchrotron radiation. The spectrometer has been used on beamline X-24A at the National Synchrotron Light Source for excitation-dependent studies of Ar L-shell and K-shell photoexcitation and vacancy decay processes. The instrumentation and experimental methods are discussed, and examples are given of electron spectra and coincidence spectra between electrons and fluorescent x-rays

  9. Origin of giant dielectric permittivity and weak ferromagnetic behavior in (1−xLaFeO3xBaTiO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 solid solutions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Sreenivasu

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The solid solutions of (1−x LaFeO3xBaTiO3 (0.0≤x≤0.25 have been synthesized successfully by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Room temperature (RT X-ray diffraction studies reveal the stabilization of orthorhombic phase with Pbnm space group. Complete solubility in the perovskite series was demonstrated up to x=0.25. The dielectric permittivity shows colossal dielectric constant (CDC at RT. The doping of BaTiO3 in LaFeO3 exhibit pronounced CDC up to a composition x=0.15, further it starts to decrease. The frequency-dependent dielectric loss exhibits polaronic conduction, which can attribute to presence of multiple valence of iron. The relaxation frequency and polaronic conduction mechanism was shifted towards RT as function of x. Moreover, large magnetic moment with weak ferromagnetic behavior is observed in doped LaFeO3 solid solution, which might be the destruction of spin cycloid structure due to insertion of Ti in Fe–O–Fe network of LaFeO3.

  10. Giant magnetoresistance on low field in non-stoichiometric La2/3Ca1/3Mn1-xO3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhao Lifeng; Chen Wei; Shang Jingling; Chen Lei; Liu Sheng; Xia Zhengcai; Yuan Songliu

    2005-01-01

    Electrical transport and low field magnetoresistance (MR) are reported in the La 2/3 Ca 1/3 Mn 1-x O 3 (x = 0-0.16) samples, which are prepared by the sol-gel method followed by a sintering treatment at 1100 0 C. Experimental results show, for x = 0.06, an MR platform is observed in a temperature ∼200 K under the magnetic field of 0.5 T. With an increase in x, the MR effect gets augmented. For the sample with x = 0.16, its MR peak is as high as 50%

  11. Correlation between X-ray and high energy gamma-ray emission form Cygnus X-3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weekes, T.C.; Danaher, S.; Fegan, D.J.; Porter, N.A.

    1981-01-01

    In May-June 1980, the 4.8 hour modulated X-ray flux from Cygnus X-3 underwent a significant change in the shape of the light curve; this change correlates with the peak in the high-energy (E > 2 x 10 12 eV) gamma ray emission at the same epoch. (orig.)

  12. Lanthanide-doped Na xScF 3+ x nanocrystals: Crystal structure evolution and multicolor tuning

    KAUST Repository

    Teng, Xue

    2012-05-23

    Rare-earth-based nanomaterials have recently drawn considerable attention because of their unique energy upconversion (UC) capabilities. However, studies of Sc 3+-based nanomaterials are still absent. Herein we report the synthesis and fine control of Na xScF 3+x nanocrystals by tuning of the ratio of oleic acid (OA, polar surfactant) to 1-octadecene (OD, nonpolar solvent). When the OA:OD ratio was increased from low (3:17) to high (3:7), the nanocrystals changed from pure monoclinic phase (Na 3ScF 6) to pure hexagonal phase (NaScF 4) via a transition stage at an intermediate OA:OD ratio (3:9) where a mixture of nanocrystals in monoclinic and hexagonal phases was obtained and the coexistence of the two phases inside individual nanocrystals was also observed. More significantly, because of the small radius of Sc 3+, Na xScF 3+x:Yb/Er nanocrystals show different UC emission from that of NaYF 4:Yb/Er nanocrystals, which broadens the applications of rare-earth-based nanomaterials ranging from optical communications to disease diagnosis. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

  13. Room temperature ferromagnetism in (In{sub 1-x}Ni{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sai Krishna, N. [Thin Films Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu (India); Kaleemulla, S., E-mail: skaleemulla@gmail.com [Thin Films Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu (India); Amarendra, G. [Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu (India); UGC-DAE-CSR, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu 603104,Tamilnadu (India); Madhusudhana Rao, N.; Krishnamoorthi, C.; Rigana Begam, M. [Thin Films Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu (India); Omkaram, I. [Department of Electronics and Radio Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701 (Korea, Republic of); Sreekantha Reddy, D. [Department of Physics and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746 (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-06-15

    Polycrystalline (In{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films (x=0.00, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation technique. The effect of Ni concentration on composition, structural and magnetic properties of (In{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films was studied. Increment in the Ni concentration does increase the oxygen vacancies and ferromagnetic strength in (In{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicate the dopant Ni exists in Ni (II) state in In{sub 2}O{sub 3} host. Ferromagnetism was attributed to intrinsic nature of the sample rather than any secondary magnetic phases exist in the films. The observed ferromagnetism in (In{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} was attributed to ferromagnetic exchange interaction between Ni{sup 2+} ions via single free electron trapped in oxygen vacancy. Increase in oxygen vacancies with Ni concentration lead to increase in such an oxygen vacancy mediated ferromagnetic pairs resulting in increase in ferromagnetic strength with Ni concentration.

  14. Photoluminescence in Pb{sub 0.95}Sr{sub 0.05}(Zr{sub 1−x}Ti{sub x}){sub 1−y}Cr{sub y}O{sub 3} ferroelectric ceramic system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hernández-García, M.; Costa-Marrero, J. [Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Cibernética, Matemática y Física, 15 # 551, Vedado, Ciudad Habana, CP 10400 (Cuba); Durruthy-Rodríguez, M. D., E-mail: dolores@icmf.inf.cu [Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Cibernética, Matemática y Física, 15 # 551, Vedado, Ciudad Habana, CP 10400 (Cuba); CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro, IPN, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, CP. 76230 Querétaro, Querétaro (Mexico); Calderón-Piñar, F. [Laboratorio de Magnetismo, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, CP 10400 (Cuba); CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro, IPN, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, CP. 76230 Querétaro, Querétaro (Mexico); Guerra, J. D. S. [Grupo de Ferroelétricos e Materiais Multifuncionais, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG (Brazil); Yañez-Limón, J. M. [CINVESTAV-Unidad Querétaro, IPN, Libramiento Norponiente No. 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, CP. 76230 Querétaro, Querétaro (Mexico)

    2014-07-28

    Over the past several years, there has been a remarkable growth and development in new ceramic and/or composite materials to be used in the electro-electronic industry. Ferroelectric materials have been recognized for their multifunctional physical properties; also, their optical properties are a subject of intense research effort due to their possible electro-optic applications. In this work, the visible photoluminescence effect is analyzed at room temperature in a sintered Pb{sub 0.95}Sr{sub 0.05}(Zr{sub 1−x}Ti{sub x}){sub 1−y}Cr{sub y}O{sub 3} perovskite-type structure system, doped with Sr and Cr. The excitation bands used were 267, 325, 373, 457, 635, and 680 nm, but the best result was obtained at 373 nm. The intensity and energy of such emission in this system have been studied by changing the molar Cr concentration (0 < y < 0.005) and the Ti content (x), with x = 0.20, 0.40, 0.53, 0.60, and 0.80, on both sides of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) zone. The principal emission bands are at the energies 1.73, 1.87, and 3.03 eV. The changes that were caused by Zr or Ti ions in the symmetry presented in the rhombohedral or tetragonal side of the MPB are more important. Additionally, structural and micro-structural measurements were performed by the x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques, respectively. The micro-Raman technique is also used in the study of this set of samples, which allows finding the Raman shift modes and the influence on the structural changes of the dopants.

  15. Strong piezoelectricity in (1 - x)(K0.4Na0.6)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-xBi0.5K0.5Zr1-ySnyO3 lead-free binary system: identification and role of multiphase coexistence.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Ting; Wu, Jiagang; Xiao, Dingquan; Zhu, Jianguo; Wang, Xiangjian; Xin, Lipeng; Lou, Xiaojie

    2015-03-18

    Here we report a strong piezoelectric activity in (1 - x)(K0.4Na0.6)(Nb0.96Sb0.04)O3-xBi0.5K0.5Zr1-ySnyO3 lead-free ceramics by designing different phase boundaries. The phase boundaries concerning rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) and rhombohedral-tetragonal (R-T) multiphase coexistence were attained by changing BKZS and Sn contents and then were identified by the X-ray diffraction patterns as well as temperature-dependent permittivity and ν1 Raman modes associated with BO6 perovskite octahedron. A high strain (strain = 0.21-0.28% and d33* = 707-880 pm/V) and a strong piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 415-460 pC/N) were shown in the ceramics located at the multiphase coexistence region. The reported results of this work are superior to that (d33* ∼ 570 pm/V and d33 ∼ 416 pC/N) of the textured (K,Na,Li)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 ceramics [Nature 2004, 432, 84]. We believe that the material system of this work will become one of the most promising candidates for piezoelectric actuators.

  16. 3D non-destructive fluorescent X-ray computed tomography (FXCT) with a CdTe array

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yoon, Chang Yeon; Lee, Won Ho; Kim, Young Hak [Dept. of Bio-convergence Engineering, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-10-15

    In our research, the material was exposed to an X-ray and not only the conventional transmission image but also 3D images based on the information of characteristic X-ray detected by a 2D CdTe planar detector array were reconstructed. Since atoms have their own characteristic X-ray energy, our system was able to discriminate materials of even a same density if the materials were composed of different atomic numbers. We applied FXCT to distinguish various unknown materials with similar densities. The materials with similar densities were clearly distinguished in the 3D reconstructed images based on the information of the detected characteristic X-ray, while they were not discriminated from each other in the images based on the information of the detected transmission X-ray. In the fused images consisting of 3D transmitted and characteristic X-ray images, all of the positions, densities and atomic numbers of materials enclosed in plastic phantom or pipe were clearly identified by analyzing energy, position and amount of detected radiation.

  17. Electrical Conductivity of Cancrinite-Type Na8 - 2 x Ca x [Al6Si6O24][CO3] · 2H2O ( x ≤ 0.03) Crystals

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sorokin, N. I.

    2018-05-01

    The electrical conductivity of crystals of artificial cancrinite Na8 - 2 x Ca x [Al6Si6O24][CO3] · 2H2O ( x ≤ 0.03) has been studied in the temperature range of 498-604 K. These crystals were grown by hydrothermal synthesis on a seed in the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system ( t = 380-420°C, P = 3 × 107-9 × 107 Pa). The ionic conductivity of a single-crystal sample (sp. gr. P63), measured along the crystallographic axis c, is low: σ = 8 × 10-7 S/cm at 300°C. The electric transport activation energy is E a = 0.81 ± 0.05 eV. The relationship between the ionic conductivity and specific features of the atomic structure of cancrinites is discussed.

  18. A-site ionic-size mismatch effects in La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5-x}Ba{sub x}MnO{sub 3}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mallik, R; Paulose, P L; Reddy, E S; Sampathkumaran, E V [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (India)

    1999-07-01

    We present the results of measurements of electrical resistivity({rho}), magnetoresistance (MR=[{rho}(H)-{rho}(0)]/{rho}())) and DC susceptibility on polycrystalline samples of the type La{sub 0.5}Ca{sub 0.5-x}Ba{sub x}MnO{sub 3}. The substitution of larger Ba ions for Ca is seen to result in a non-monotonic variation of T{sub c} as the system evolves from a charge-ordered insulating state for x=0.0 to a ferromagnetic metallic state for x=0.5, and this is in sharp contrast to our earlier reported results for Sr doping. The x=0.2 and 0.3 compounds show a weak increase in {rho} at low temperatures (T<30K), possibly arising due to A-site ionic size mismatch between La/Ca and Ba ions. There is a significant MR for all temperatures well below T{sub c}, but not at T{sub c}. (author)

  19. Solid state reactions of MoO3 and Na2MoO4 with (U.85,Ce.15)O2x

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dahale, N.D.; Keskar, Meera; Singh Mudher, K.D.; Chawla, K.L.

    1999-01-01

    (U .85 ,Ce .15 )MoO 6-x was prepared by the solid state reactions of (U .85 ,Ce .15 )O 2±x with MoO 3 in air at 600 deg C. Solid state reactions of Na 2 MoO 4 with (U .85 ,Ce .15 )MoO 6.x up to 550 deg C in air led to the formation of Na 2 (U .85 ,Ce .15 )Mo 2 O 10-x and Na 2 (U .85 , Ce .15 ) 2 Mo 3 O 16-x . These compounds were characterised by x-ray and thermal methods. The x-ray powder data of (U .85 , Ce .15 ) MoO 6-x were indexed on monoclinic system whereas, data of Na 2 (U .85 ,Ce .15 ) Mo 2 O 10-x and Na 2 (U .85 ,Ce .15 ) 2 Mo 3 O 16-x were indexed on orthorhombic and monoclinic system respectively. (author)

  20. The new fluorescence enhancement system Eu3+-ARADE-HMTM-AI3+ and its analytical application

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wenwu Quin; Weisheng Liu; Tianlin Yang

    2004-01-01

    A new bis-Schiff base ligand, N,N -bis-(4-N-aminothiourea-2-amylidene)-4,4 -diaminodiphenyl ether (ARADE), was synthesized. Its complex with Eu 3+ in DMF emits the intrinsic fluorescence of Eu 3+ . The fluorescence intensity of the Eu 3+ -ARADE system was enhanced about 60-fold by the addition of hexamethylene tetramine (NMTM) and potash alum. This is a new fluorescence enhancement phenomenon. The excitation and emission wavelengths are 375 nm and 615 nm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensities vary linearly with the concentration of Eu 3+ in the range of 7.8x10 -9 -1.75x10 -5 mol L -1 with a detection limit of 5.2x10 -9 mol L -1 , or with the concentration of Al 3+ in the range of 3.1x10 -7 -9.7x10 -5 mol-L -1 with a detection limit of 2.7x10 -7 mol L -1 . The interferences of some rare earth metals and other inorganic ions were described. This method was applied to the determination of Eu 3+ in high purity yttrium oxide and the analysis of AI 3+ in alloy steel standard samples. The mechanism of fluorescence enhancement was also studied. (author)