WorldWideScience

Sample records for svoistv osnovnykh tipov

  1. Tip-over prevention through heuristic reactive behaviors for unmanned ground vehicles

    Science.gov (United States)

    Talke, Kurt; Kelley, Leah; Longhini, Patrick; Catron, Garret

    2014-06-01

    Skid-steer teleoperated robots are commonly used by military and civilian crews to perform high-risk, dangerous and critical tasks such as bomb disposal. Their missions are often performed in unstructured environments with irregular terrain, such as inside collapsed buildings or on rough terrain covered with a variety of media, such as sand, brush, mud, rocks and debris. During such missions, it is often impractical if not impossible to send another robot or a human operator to right a toppled robot. As a consequence, a robot tip-over event usually results in mission failure. To make matters more complicated, such robots are often equipped with heavy payloads that raise their centers of mass and hence increase their instability. Should the robot be equipped with a manipulator arm or flippers, it may have a way to self-right. The majority of manipulator arms are not designed for and are likely to be damaged during self-righting procedures, however, which typically have a low success rate. Furthermore, those robots not equipped with manipulator arms or flippers have no self-righting capabilities. Additionally, due to the on-board camera frame of reference, the video feed may cause the robot to appear to be on at level ground, when it actually may be on a slope nearing tip-over. Finally, robot operators are often so focused on the mission at hand they are oblivious to their surroundings, similar to a kid playing a video game. While this may not be an issue in the living room, it is not a good scenario to experience on the battlefield. Our research seeks to remove tip-over monitoring from the already large list of tasks an operator must perform. An autonomous tip-over prevention behavior for a mobile robot with a static payload has been developed, implemented and experimentally validated on two different teleoperated robotic platforms. Suitable for use with both teleoperated and autonomous robots, the prevention behavior uses the force-angle stability measure

  2. Tip-over Prevention: Adaptive Control Development

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-05-30

    Tip-over Prevention: Adaptive Control Development Leah Kelley Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 Email: lckelley@mit.edu Kurt...Papadopoulos and D. Rey, Proc. IEEE ICRA, vol.4, 1996, pp. 3111. [7] S. Ali, A. Moosavian, and K. Alipour, Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics , 2006 IEEE Conf...on, 2006, pp. 1–6. [8] K. Talke, L. Kelley, P. Longhini, and G. Catron, Proc. SPIE 9084, Unmanned Systems Technology XVI, June 2014, pp. 90 840L–11

  3. The Outcome and Patterns of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Paediatric Population of a Developing Country Secondary to TV Trolley Tip-Over.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Waqas, Muhammad; Javed, Gohar; Nathani, Karim Rizwan; Ujjan, Badar; Quadri, Syed A; Tahir, Muhammad Zubair

    2018-01-01

    Television (TV) trolley tip-over incidences are common and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study was aimed at analyzing the pattern and outcomes of head injuries resulting from TV trolley tip-over. We conducted a medical chart review of children with TV trolley tip-over head injuries from January 2009 to April 2016. We collected data on demographics, the mechanism of injury, clinical and radiological features of the injury, and outcomes. Outcomes were measured by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months (except in 1 case). A descriptive analysis was carried out using SPSS v19. Twenty-two children were included in the study (median age 23.5 months). Sixteen children were male. Most of the children (n = 16) were aged 12-35 months. The median Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 15. The median Rotterdam Score for the patients was 2.0. Common symptoms upon admission were vomiting, irritability, scalp laceration, and bruises. Median length of hospital stay was 3 days. Skull bone fractures were present in 12 children. Other CT findings included contusions, extradural and subdural haematomas, intraventricular haemorrhage, and pneumocranium. Surgical intervention was required in 4 cases. Although most of the patients made a good recovery (GOS = 5), 1 patient developed a mild disability and another died in hospital. TV trolley tip-over is most common in toddlers and can lead to significant head injury and mortality. This can be avoided by parental supervision and adjustments in the household. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  4. Television tip-overs: the Starship Children's Hospital experience and literature review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marnewick, Jacques; Dansey, Rangi; Morreau, Philip; Hamill, James

    2011-05-01

    Injuries sustained from television (TV) sets tipping over onto children are uncommon when compared to other forms of trauma, but because of the weight of some TVs relative to the size of small children, severe and sometimes fatal injuries can result. The international literature is limited in describing this form of trauma and none is available for the Australasian region. The aims of the present paper are to describe the characteristics and immediate outcomes of children admitted to Starship Children's Hospital following TV tip-overs and review the international literature on this topic. Patients admitted to Starship Hospital were identified retrospectively from the Paediatric Trauma database, and the case notes reviewed. Structured telephone interviews were then conducted with each of the families involved. Over the 28-month period (June 2006-October 2008) reviewed, 13 children under 15 years of age were identified, with an almost even sex distribution. 5 required admission to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). 9/13 sustained head injuries and 1 patient died from their injuries. Mechanism of injury was in keeping with behaviour to be expected of toddlers. Parents and caregivers were unaware of the dangers posed by TV sets and no precautions had been taken to prevent injury. The injuries sustained by children from TV tip-overs are often serious and most commonly involve the head and upper body. This is a common finding in all papers reviewed, but numbers of patients studied are still limited. There is a need for both education of families and improvement in the design of TV sets, to prevent this form of trauma in the paediatric population. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe Flash format. Almost ... accidents involving young children and furniture, appliance and tv tip-overs. The force of a large television ...

  6. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe Flash ... tv tip-overs. The force of a large television falling from tipping furniture can be staggering. A ...

  7. Impact design of reinforced concrete fuel storage structures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nickell, R.E.; Rashid, Y.R.; Williams, R.F.

    1987-01-01

    We characterize the loading experienced by reinforced concrete slabs, as the result of a drop or a tip-over of a dry storage cask, and we provide simple design charts and formulas by which the margin of safety of such slabs can be readily demonstrated. These charts are based on the calculation of crack patterns in the concrete and yielding in the reinforcement as the pad is loaded by the dropping or tip-over of a dry storage cask to a point of collapse. This ultimate-strength design approach is appropriate for unlikely loading events provided that adequate margin against slab collapse is maintained. (orig./HP)

  8. Tipping Point

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Point by CPSC Blogger September 22, 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe Flash ...

  9. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Point by CPSC Blogger September 22, 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe Flash ...

  10. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv ... furniture can be staggering. A 50 lb. TV falls with about the same force as child falling ...

  11. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Point by CPSC Blogger September 22, 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture head ... see news reports about horrible accidents involving young children and furniture, appliance and tv tip-overs. The ...

  12. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... and furniture, appliance and tv tip-overs. The force of a large television falling from tipping furniture ... 50 lb. TV falls with about the same force as child falling from the third story of ...

  13. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... Tipping Point by CPSC Blogger September 22, 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture ... about horrible accidents involving young children and furniture, appliance and tv tip-overs. The force of a ...

  14. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... third story of a building. That kind of impact can kill a child or cause severe injuries. ... to prevent a tip-over tragedy. Share Post Facebook Twitter Google Plus Reddit Connect with Me:  Visit ...

  15. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... 60 Seconds of Safety (Videos) > The Tipping Point The Tipping Point by CPSC Blogger September 22, 2009 appliance child Childproofing CPSC danger death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe Flash ...

  16. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... to prevent a tip-over tragedy. Share Post Facebook Twitter Google Plus Reddit Connect with Me:  Visit other Web Sites Maintained by CPSC: cpsc.gov| poolsafely.gov| recalls.gov| saferproducts.gov Privacy, Security, and Legal Notice | Accessibility Policy | Open Government @ ...

  17. Tipping Point

    Medline Plus

    Full Text Available ... en español Blog About OnSafety CPSC Stands for Safety The Tipping Point Home > 60 Seconds of Safety (Videos) > The Tipping Point The Tipping Point by ... danger death electrical fall furniture head injury product safety television tipover tv Watch the video in Adobe ...

  18. Quantitative comparison of U/Pu separation processes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Petrich, G.; Schmieder, H.

    1984-01-01

    A comparison of iron sulphamate, uranium (IV), hydroxy nitrate of ammonium and electroreduction processes is done by numeric simulation (VISCO). An SB model fuel and a model flow chart equally appropriate for all processes were selected. The accident condition 'tip-over of the B-extractor' was illustrated by the simulation of the transient profile development and described by figures. (DG) [de

  19. STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS FOR THE CODISPOSAL OF TRIGA SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL IN A WASTE PACKAGE

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    S. Mastilovic

    1999-01-01

    The purpose of this analysis is to determine the structural response of a TRIGA Department of Energy (DOE) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) codisposal canister placed in a 5-Defense High Level Waste (DHLW) waste package (WP) and subjected to a tipover design basis event (DBE) dynamic load; the results will be reported in terms of displacements and stress magnitudes. This activity is associated with the WP design

  20. PRIMERJAVA SUHIH TRAVIŠČ IZ DVEH RAZLIČNIH GEOLOŠKIH PODLAG GLEDE NA C-S-R EKOLOŠKE STRATEGIJE RASTLIN

    OpenAIRE

    Hartman, Klavdija

    2009-01-01

    V diplomski nalogi smo opravili floristično in funkcionalno primerjavo dveh tipov suhih travišč v hribovitem celinskem predelu Slovenije (asociacija Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis, razred Festuco-Brometea in asociacija Homogyno alpinae-Nardetum, razred Calluno-Ulicetea), ki sta razvita na različni geološki podlagi (karbonatna oz. nekarbonatna silikatna). Analizirali smo 30 še neobjavljenih popisov asociacije Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis in 32 objavljenih popisov asociaci...

  1. Oblici tradicijske arhitekture i kulture stanovanja u Baranji

    OpenAIRE

    Puntarović-Vlahinić, Jadranka

    1993-01-01

    Obrađeni su i prikazani podaci prikupljeni za Etnološki atlas koji se odnose na tipove naselja, osnovne značajke kućišta, te na oblike stambenih zgrada u Baranji. Tome su dodani zabilježeni podaci o rasporedu prostorija, njihovoj funkciji, te o njihovu unutarnjem uređenju i opremi (namještaj, oprema kuhinje, pravljenje ognja, peći i grijanje, rasvjeta).

  2. Pose estimation-based path planning for a tracked mobile robot traversing uneven terrains

    OpenAIRE

    Jun , Jae-Yun; Saut , Jean-Philippe; Benamar , Faïz

    2015-01-01

    International audience; A novel path-planning algorithm is proposed for a tracked mobile robot to traverse uneven terrains, which can efficiently search for stability sub-optimal paths. This algorithm consists of combining two RRT-like algorithms (the Transition-based RRT (T-RRT) and the Dynamic-Domain RRT (DD-RRT) algorithms) bidirectionally and of representing the robot-terrain interaction with the robot’s quasi-static tip-over stability measure (assuming that the robot traverses uneven ter...

  3. Forklift safety a practical guide to preventing powered industrial truck incidents and injuries

    CERN Document Server

    Swartz, George

    1999-01-01

    Written for the more than 1.5 million powered industrial truck operators and supervisors in general industry, as well as those in the construction and marine industries, this Second Edition provides an updated guide to training operators in safety and complying with OSHA's 1999 forklift standard. This edition of Forklift Safety includes a new chapter devoted to the new OSHA 1910.178 standard and new information regarding dock safety, narrow aisle trucks, off-dock incidents, tip-over safety, pallet safety, and carbon monoxide.

  4. Lázaro: Robot Móvil dotado de Brazo para Contacto con el Suelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús M. García

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este artículo tiene por objetivo describir a Lázaro, el cual es un pequeño robot móvil que posee un brazo diseñado especialmente para propiciar un punto adicional de contacto con el suelo que puede utilizarse para mejorar la estabilidad al vuelco y superar obstáculos. Específicamente, se aborda la descripción de la estructura mecánica así como los componentes electrónicos destinados a percepción, comunicación y control. Posteriormente, se revisan las características de funcionamiento de este robot, en cuanto a su cinemática, arquitectura de control, modos de operación e interface. Finalmente, se hace una descripción de algunas pruebas de funcionamiento. Abstract: This paper aims to describe Lázaro, which is a small mobile robot that has an arm designed especially to provide an additional contact point with the ground that can be used to improve the tipover stability and to overcome obstacles. Specifically, the description of the mechanical structure and electronic components for perception, communication and control is discussed. Subsequently, the operating characteristics of the robot are reviewed in terms of kinematics, control architecture, operating modes and interface. Finally, a description of some performance tests is presented. Palabras clave: Robots móviles, estabilidad al vuelco, control de movimiento, tele-operación, Keywords: Mobile robots, tipover stability, motion control, teleoperation

  5. ROCKING. A computer program for seismic response analysis of radioactive materials transport AND/OR storage casks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ikushima, Takeshi

    1995-11-01

    The computer program ROCKING has been developed for seismic response analysis, which includes rocking and sliding behavior, of radioactive materials transport and/or storage casks. Main features of ROCKING are as follows; (1) Cask is treated as a rigid body. (2) Rocking and sliding behavior are considered. (3) Impact forces are represented by the spring dashpot model located at impact points. (4) Friction force is calculated at interface between a cask and a floor. (5) Forces of wire ropes against tip-over work only as tensile loads. In the paper, the calculation model, the calculation equations, validity calculations and user's manual are shown. (author)

  6. Shopping cart injuries, entrapment, and childhood fatality.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jensen, Lisbeth; Charlwood, Cheryl; Byard, Roger W

    2008-09-01

    Shopping carts may be associated with a variety of injuries, particularly in toddlers and young children. These usually relate to falls from carts or to tip-overs. Injuries that are sustained include hematomas/contusions, abrasions, lacerations, fractures, and fingertip amputations. Fatal episodes are uncommon and are usually due to blunt craniocerebral trauma from falls. A case involving a 19-month-old girl is reported who became entrapped when she inserted her head through the side frame of a cart that had been removed from a supermarket and left at her home address. Death was caused by neck compression. Although rare, the potential for lethal entrapment during unsupervised play means that the presence of stray shopping carts at private residences and in public places, including playgrounds and parks, is of concern. Strategies, such as coin deposits, should be encouraged to assist in the return of such carts to supermarkets.

  7. Origin, Nature, Disposal and Control of Radioactive Wastes Arising from the Use of Radioisotopes; Origine, Nature, Elimination et Controle des Dechets Radioactifs Decoulant de l'Emploi des Radioisotopes; 041f 0420 041e 0414 ; Origen, Naturaleza, Evacuacion y Control de los Desechos Radiactivos Producidos en la Utilizacion de Radioisotopos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kenny, A. W. [Ministry of Housing and Local Government (United Kingdom)

    1960-07-01

    The paper describes the different types of radioactive waste arising from industrial, medical and scientific uses of radioisotopes. An outline is given of methods used for waste disposal, depending on the content of radioactivity. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit les differents types de dechets radioactifs decoulant de l'utilisation de radioisotopes dans l'industrie, en medecine et dans la science. Il donne un apercu des methodes employees pour l'elimination des dechets selon leur teneur en elements radioactifs. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describen los diferentes tipos de desechos radiactivos producidos por la utilizacion industrial, medica y cientifica de los radioisotopos y se hace una exposicion de los metodos empleados para la evacuacion de desechos segun su contenido radiactivo. (author) [Russian] V doklade daetsja opisanie razlichnyh tipov radioaktivnyh othodov, voznikajushhih v rezul'tate promyshlennogo, medicinskogo i nauchnogo ispol'zovanija radioizotopov. Osobo razbirajutsja metody, ispol'zuemye dlja udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov v zavisimosti ot ih radioaktivnosti. (author)

  8. A review of calculation methods for fast and intermediate reactors; Expose des methodes pour le calcul de reacteurs a neutrons rapides et intermediaires; Obzor metodov rascheta reaktorov na promezhutochnykh i bystrykh nejtronakh; Estudio panoramico de los metodos de calculo de los reactores rapidos e intermedios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Marchuk, G I [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

    1962-03-15

    de ecuaciones fundamentales y conjugadas de la teoria de los multigrupos. Expone luego diversas aplicaciones de la teoria de la perturbacion a los problemas del calculo fisico del reactor. Examina los metodos numericos de resolucion de las ecuaciones fundamentales y conjugadas que expresan el funcionamiento del reactor sobre la base del metodo de los armonicos esfericos. Explica asimismo como se utiliza el metodo de las caracteristicas en la solucion de problemas relativos a la masa critica del reactor. Describe los metodos de calculo de los reactores con moderadores que contienen hidrogeno y, por fin, expone las bases de un modelo efectivo fundado en la teoria de un solo grupo, aplicable al reactor. (author) [Russian] Obsuzhdaetsya razvitie metodov rascheta yadernykh reaktorov na promezhutochnykh i bystrykh nejtronakh. Rassmatrivayuts ya razlichnye postanovki zadach fizicheskogo rascheta. Obsuzhdaetsya uchet rezonansnykh ehffektov. Vvodyatsya v rassmotrenie mnogogruppovy e sistemy 'osnovnykh i sopryazhennykh uravnenij. Daetsya razlichnoe primenenie teorii vozmushchenij k zadacham fizicheskogo rascheta reaktora. Rassmatrivayuts ya chislennye metody resheniya osnovnykh i sopryazhennykh uravnenij reaktora v priblizhenii metoda sfericheskikh garmonik. Daetsya primenenie metoda kharakteristik k resheniyu zadach na kriticheskuyu massu reaktora. Izlagayutsya metody rascheta reaktorov s vodorodsoderzhashchim i zamedlitelyami . Izlagayutsya osnovy ehffektivnoj odnogruppovoj modeli reaktora. (author)

  9. The Effect of Terrain Inclination on Performance and the Stability Region of Two-Wheeled Mobile Robots

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zareena Kausar

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Two-wheeled mobile robots (TWMRs have a capability of avoiding the tip-over problem on inclined terrain by adjusting the centre of mass position of the robot body. The effects of terrain inclination on the robot performance are studied to exploit this capability. Prior to the real-time implementation of position control, an estimation of the stability region of the TWMR is essential for safe operation. A numerical method to estimate the stability region is applied and the effects of inclined surfaces on the performance and stability region of the robot are investigated. The dynamics of a TWMR is modelled on a general uneven terrain and reduced for cases of inclined and horizontal flat terrain. A full state feedback (FSFB controller is designed based on optimal gains with speed tracking on a horizontal flat terrain. The performance and stability regions are simulated for the robot on a horizontal flat and inclined terrain with the same controller. The results endorse a variation in equilibrium points and a reduction in stability region for robot motion on inclined terrain.

  10. Comparison of nuclear reactor types of the next generation; Komparativni prikaz novih tipova reaktorskih komercijalnih postrojenja slijedece generacije

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pavlovic, Z; Kastelan, M [NPP Krsko (Slovenia)

    1992-07-01

    The paper presents a comparison for a selected relevant set of parameters for different commercial nuclear reactor types at the next generation. This parameters overview could serve as the base for the semi-quantitative decision bases for the selection of the future nuclear strategy. The number of advanced reactor designs of the LWR, HWR, GCR and LMR type are presented. Even currently many of them are still on the drawing boards, the concepts and designs should be assessed in the sense of sensible approach for planning the possible future nuclear strategy. (author) Clanek predstavlja usporedbu odabranih bitnih parametara karakteristicnih za razlicite tipove energetskih nuklearnih postrojenja slijedece generacije. Prikazani pregled parametara omogucava osnov za polu kvantitativnu osnovu za odlucivanje u svrhu donosenja odluke oko odrednica buduce strategije uporabe nuklearne energije. Brojni koncepti naprednih nuklearnih reaktora tipa LWR, HWR, GCR i LMR su prezentirani. S obzirom na cinjenicu da se mnogi of prezentiranih nalaze jos uvijek na crtacim daskama projektanata, koncepti i projekti koji su iz njih proizasli zahtijevaju analizu u smislu kvalitativnog pristupa planiranja moguce buduce nuklearne startegije. (author)

  11. Bacterial Diseases of Bananas and Enset: Current State of Knowledge and Integrated Approaches Toward Sustainable Management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guy Blomme

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. However, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. Bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1 Ralstonia-associated diseases (Moko/Bugtok disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and banana blood disease caused by R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis; (2 Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and (3 Erwinia-associated diseases (bacterial head rot or tip-over disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi, bacterial rhizome and pseudostem wet rot (Dickeya paradisiaca formerly E. chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca. Other bacterial diseases of less widespread importance include: bacterial wilt of abaca, Javanese vascular wilt and bacterial fingertip rot (probably caused by Ralstonia spp., unconfirmed. This review describes global distribution, symptoms, pathogenic diversity, epidemiology and the state of the art for sustainable disease management of the major bacterial wilts currently affecting banana and enset.

  12. Naval Waste Package Design Sensitivity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    T. Schmitt

    2006-01-01

    The purpose of this calculation is to determine the sensitivity of the structural response of the Naval waste packages to varying inner cavity dimensions when subjected to a comer drop and tip-over from elevated surface. This calculation will also determine the sensitivity of the structural response of the Naval waste packages to the upper bound of the naval canister masses. The scope of this document is limited to reporting the calculation results in terms of through-wall stress intensities in the outer corrosion barrier. This calculation is intended for use in support of the preliminary design activities for the license application design of the Naval waste package. It examines the effects of small changes between the naval canister and the inner vessel, and in these dimensions, the Naval Long waste package and Naval Short waste package are similar. Therefore, only the Naval Long waste package is used in this calculation and is based on the proposed potential designs presented by the drawings and sketches in References 2.1.10 to 2.1.17 and 2.1.20. All conclusions are valid for both the Naval Long and Naval Short waste packages

  13. The Performance of Major Plant Items at Calder Hall; Fonctionnement des elements principaux de la centrale de Calder Hall; Kharakteristika osnovnykh uzlov ustanovki v Kolder-Kholle; Rendimiento de los principales elementos de la central de Calder Hall

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Desbruslais, E. L. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Seascale, Cumberland (United Kingdom)

    1963-10-15

    elementos mas importantes de la central contra danos accidentales que puedan provenir de fuentes externas. Para el generador diesel de emergencia, no parece necesario prever un arranque automatico o circuitos paralelos, si bien una centralizacion no seria superflua. (author) [Russian] V techenie svyshe shesti let bol'shaya ustanovka v Kolder-Kholle ehkspluatiruetsya kak ehnergeticheskaya ustanovka s bazovoj nagruzkoj. Na nej voznikali takie khe povrezhdeniya, kak i na obychnykh ehnergeticheskikh ustanovkakh. Vse povrezhdeniya imeli mesto v obychnoj ustanovke i ni odnogo - v samikh yadernykh reaktorakh. Opyt pokazal, chto s tochki zreniya bezopasnosti reaktory i osnovnye uzly ustanovki vmeste s privodami sistemy neobkhodimo rassmatrivat' v tselom. Ne obnaruzheno nikakikh sushchestvennykh izmenenij, kotorye by davali povod dumat' o tom, chto korpus vysokogo davleniya reaktora ili grafitovyy zamedlitel' ogranichat srok ehkspluatatsii ustanovki. Asimmetrichnoe raspredelenie temperatury imeet mesto vokrug vykhodnykh gazovykh truboprovodov, i v nastoyashchee vremya ehto ogranichivaet moshchnost' reaktora. Rekomenduetsya ustanovit' vnachale dopolnitel'noe kolichestvo termopar, kontrol'no-izmeritel'nye pribory dlya opredeleniya napryazheniya i obespechit' vizual'noe nablyudenie za oblastyami vysokogo napryazheniya i temperatury. V khode normal'noj ehkspluatatsii osushiteli bol'she ne primenyayutsya, i sootvetstvenno v rezul'tate ehtogo dostignuto nebol'shoe uvelichenie moshchnosti reaktora. Dastsya rekomendatsii otnositel'no periodichnosti obsledovanij teploobmennikov, osnovnykh gazovykh truboprovodov i nizhnikh uzlov. Nebol'shoe uvelichenie v proizvodstve para dostignuto v rezul'tate umen'sheniya perepuska gaza. Nebol'shie trudnosti voznikli lish' pri ehkspluatatsii tsirkulyatorov gaza tsentrobezhnogo tipa. Otmecheno nebol'shoe snizhenie proizvodstva vnachale v rezul'tate krugovogo iskreniya kommutatorov pri vysokom napryazhenii na motorakh ventilyatorov i na generatorakh

  14. Technical realisation of the VISA-II project, phase I, part IV, IZ-165-o268-1962; Tehnicka realizacija projekta VISA-II, I faza (I-V), IV deo, IZ-165-o268-1962

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pavicevic, M [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

    1962-12-15

    Project VISA-II is described in IX chapters as follows: introduction, definition of experiments and possibilities of performance; VISA-II channel, new experimental space in the RA reactor; hydraulic tests in the VISA-II channel; measurement of fast neutron and gamma flux in VISA-II channels; measurement of water flow through different VISA-2 irradiation capsules; fabrication of VISA-II capsules; corrosion and heavy water purity problems; safety problems of experiment VISA-2; experimental operation of VISA-II. This chapter VI includes documentation for each type of capsule, review about each experiment within the VISA-II project, the objective and purpose of the experiment as well as experimental device. [Serbo-Croat] Projekat VISA-2 opisan je u sledecih IX poglavlja: uvod, definicija eksperimenta VISA-2 i mogucnost njegovog izvodjenja; kanal VISA-2 novi eksperimentalni prostor u reaktoru RA; hidraulicna ispitivanja na tehnoloskom kanalu VISA-2; Realizacija merenja fluksa brzih neutrona i gama zracenja u kanalima VISA-2; merenje protoka vode kroz razne tipove kapsula VISA-2; Kapsule VISA-2 i njihova realizacija; problemi korozije i cistoce teske vode u projektu VISA-2; problemi sigurnosti eksperimenta VISA-2; probni pogon eksperimenta VISA-2. Ova VI glava elaborata sadrzi dokumentaciju za svaku vrstu kapsula, preglednu sliku o svakom eksperimentu u okviru projekta VISA-2, o njegovom cilju i nameni kao i o eksperimentalnom uredjaju.

  15. Problems to be Expected in Disposing of Fission Products from a Possible Nuclear Power Programme; Problemes Eventuels d'Elimination des Produits de Fission dans les Futures Centrales Nucleaires; 0412 0415 0420 041e 042f 0414 ; Problemas que Puede Plantear la Evacuacion de Productos de Fision Resultantes de la Ejecucion de un Programa de Produccion de Energia de Origen Nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dickson, G. K. [Cenral Technical Services, Engineering and Development Group, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Risley (United Kingdom)

    1960-07-01

    menos precisos cuando se trata de un futuro mas lejano. Los procesos quimicos que sera necesario emplear para los combustibles irradiados dependeran del tipo de combustible, de su grado de combustion, etc. por lo que se supone que cambiaran durante el periodo en cuestion. Por lo tanto, se estudian las cantidades de productos de fision e isotopos pesados que puedan producirse, las formas en que puedan salir de los diversos procesos de elaboracion, y los metodos de que se dispone para manejarlos con garantias de seguridad, bien almacenandolos o evacuandolos. (author) [Russian] V dokumente rassmatrivaetsja tipichnaja programma po atomnoj jenergetike Velikobritanii na posledujushhie neskol'ko desjatiletij. V nem daetsja dostatochno horoshaja ocenka podlezhashhih stroitel'stvu tipov atomnyh reaktorov i tipov gorjuchego, kotoroe budet pervonachal'no ispol'zovat'sja v nih, hotja jetot vopros i javljaetsja menee opredelennym dlja posledujushhego vremeni. Himicheskaja obrabotka, kotoroj neobhodimo podvergnut' obluchennoe gorjuchee, budet zaviset' ot vida gorjuchego, ego vygoranija i t.d. i podvergnetsja izmeneniju vo vremja rassmatrivaemogo perioda vremeni. Pojetomu v dokumente udeljaetsja vnimanie voprosu o kolichestve deljashhihsja materialov i tjazhelyh izotopov, kotorye mogut byt' proizvedeny, o formah, v kotoryh oni okazyvajutsja posle himicheskoj obrabotki, a takzhe voprosu o dostupnyh metodah bezopasnogo obrashhenija s nimi kak posredstvom hranenija v cisternah, tak i posredstvom udalenija. (author)

  16. Two New Types of Detector for X- or Gamma-Ray Cameras; Deux Nouveaux Types de Detecteurs pour Camera a Rayons X ou {gamma}; O dvukh novykh tipov detektorov dlya rentgenovskikh ili gamma-kamer; Dos Nuevos Tipos de Detector para Camaras de Rayos X o Gamma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kellershohn, C.; Desgrez, A. [Departement de Biologie, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot (France); Lansiart, A. [Departement d' Electronique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1964-10-15

    pomoshh'ju fotoapparata, za t vork otorogo otkryt p ostojanno. Vtoroj tip d et ek tora predstavlja et soboj kristall C sJ (T1) prisoedinennyj k f otokatodu trubkoj Tomsona diametrom 2 0 sm s jelektrostaticheskoj fokusirovkoj. Izobrazheniena vtorichnom jekrane jetoj trubki peredaetsja opticheskim ustrojstvom na fotokatod trubki s parallel'nym jelektricheskim i magnitnym polem, proizvodimoj kompaniej ''Inglish jelektrik vjelv'' i igrajushhej rol' o b tjuratora. Chast' s veta, pronikajushhaja v opticheskoe ustrojstvo , prinimaetsja fotoumnozh it elem, kotoryj da et komandu k otkrytiju trubki o b tjuratora s pomoshh'ju amplitudnogo sel ek tora . Jeto prisposoblenie pozvoljaet otdeljat' svet ot signala i svet ot shuma v trubke T om son a. Lish' pervyj svet vyzyvaet otkrytie trubki o btjurat or a. Poskol'ku prodolzhitel'nost' takogo otkrytogo sostojanija chrezvychajno korotka, sootnoshenie signal/shum takogo detektora ves'ma zavysheno v celjah poluchenija i zo brazhenija s pomoshh'ju fotoapparata, postojanno otkrytogo na konechnyj jekran trubki obtjuratora . Obsuzhdajutsja harakteristiki jeti h dvuh tipov detektora i poluchennye predvaritel'nye re zul ' taty . (author)

  17. Recent trends in television tip over-related injuries among children aged 0-9 years.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murray, K J; Griffin, R; Rue, L W; McGwin, G

    2009-08-01

    To describe recent trends in television tip over-related injuries among children aged 0-9 years, and to compare injury rates with sales of newer digital televisions. Digital television sales data were obtained from marketing data provided by the Television Bureau of Advertising. Data regarding television tip over-related injuries among children aged 0-9 years were obtained from the 1998-2007 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. A Wald chi(2) test, estimated from logistic analysis, was used to determine whether the distribution of injury types differed by age group. Pearson's correlation was used to estimate the association between digital television sales and television tip over-related injuries. An estimated 42 122 (95% CI 35 199 to 49 122) injuries from television tip-overs were treated in US emergency departments from 1998 to 2007. The injury rate was highest for children aged 1-4 years (18.6/100 000). A majority of injuries (63.9%) involved the head and neck for children under 1 year of age, while a higher proportion of injuries among children aged 1-4 involved the hip and lower extremity (42.9% and 31.0%, respectively), and shoulder and upper extremity (16.8%) for children aged 5-9. A strong, positive correlation was observed between television sales and annual injury rates (r = 0.89, pdigital television sales were strongly correlated with increased injury rates, the lack of information regarding the type of television involved prevents inference regarding causation.

  18. Elements of a thermic method of preparing beta-sources with fused carriers, including strontium-90; Elements d'une methode thermique de preparation de sources beta avec des entraineurs fondus, y compris le strontium-90; Osnovy termicheskogo metoda prigotovleniya beta-istochnikov s plavlennymi nositelyami, vklyuchayushchimi strontsij-90; Bases de un metodo termico de preparacion de fuentes beta con portadores fundidos, incluido el estroncio-90

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bogdanov, N I; Zakharova, K P; Zimakov, P V; Kulichenko, V V

    1962-01-15

    avtomaticheskogo kontrolya i regulirovaniya proizvodstvennykh protsessov. Tekhnologicheskij protsess izgotovleniya istochnikov osnovan na obezvozhivanii smesi, sostoyashchej iz radioaktivnogo rastvora azotnokislogo strontsiya i komponentov tipa bornogo angidrida, okisi kremniya, okisi alyuminiya i dr. Termicheskaya obrabotka obezvozhennoj smesi pri vysokoj temperature privodit k obrazovaniyu legkopodvizhnogo rasplava, posle okhlazhdeniya kotorogo poluchaetsya steklovidnaya massa, vklyuchayushchaya v sebya neobkhodimye kolichestva radioizotopa Sr{sup 90}. Privodyatsya dannye i obsuzhdayutsya rezul'taty issledovaniya protsessa obezvozhivaniya sistemy SrO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} v intervale temperatur' 100 - 1000{sup o} i obosnovyvaetsya vybor osnovnykh parametrov tekhnologicheskogo protsessa. Izlagayutsya osnovy metoda naneseniya steklovidnogo preparata s neobkhodimym kolichestvom radioizotopa Sr{sup 90} na podlozhki razlichnykh form i razmerov iz stali, keramiki i drugikh materialov. Rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye parametry, kharakterizuyushchie nadezhnost' i bezopasnost' v ehkspluatatsii razlichnykh tipov istochnikov i privodyatsya dannye po istochnikam na osnove Sr{sup 90}, izgotavlivaemym termicheskim metodom. (author)

  19. Summary and evaluation of low-velocity impact tests of solid steel billet onto concrete pads

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Witte, M.C.; Hovingh, W.J.; Mok, G.C.; Murty, S.S.; Chen, T.F.; Fischer, L.E.

    1998-02-01

    Spent fuel storage casks intended for use at independent spent fuel storage installations are evaluated during the application and review process for low-velocity impacts representative of possible handling accidents. In the past, the analyses involved in these evaluations have assumed that the casks dropped or tipped onto an unyielding surface - a conservative and simplifying assumption. Since 10 CFR Part 72, the regulation imposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), does not require this assumption, applicants are currently seeking a more realistic model for the analyses to predict the effect of a cask dropping onto a reinforced concrete pad, including energy absorbing aspects such as cracking and flexure. To develop data suitable for benchmarking these analyses, the NRC has conducted several series of drop-test studies of a solid steel billet and of a near-full-scale empty cask. This report contains a summary and evaluation of all steel billet testing conducted by Sandia National Laboratories and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A series of finite element analyses of the billet testing is described and benchmarked against the test data. A method to apply the benchmarked finite element model of the soil and concrete pad to an analysis of a full-size storage cask is provided. In addition, an application to a open-quotes genericclose quotes full-size cask is presented for side and end drops, and tipover events. The primary purpose of this report is to provide applicants for an NRC license under 10 CFR Part 72 with a method for evaluating storage casks for low-velocity impact conditions

  20. Določitev območij poselitve v Sloveniji po vodnogospodarskih vidikih

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leon Gosar

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Uveljavitev pravnega reda Evropske unije prinaša obsežno strokovno delo tudi v vodno gospodarstvo. Na vodilno, Okvirno direktivo o vodah (WFD se navezujejo številne druge. Izpolnjevanje določil Direktive o ravnanju z odpadnimi komunalnimi vodami (UWWTD in Direktive o celovitem preprečevanju in omejevanju onesnaževanja (IPPCD bo tudi v Sloveniji zahtevalo znatne investicije. Področje komunalnih voda na operativni ravni ureja občina, država pa mora izpolnjevati prevzete državne obveznosti do EU. Pravočasno doseganje ciljev zahteva koordinacijo aktivnosti, temelječo na strokovnih podlagah. V UWWTD je eden osnovnih parametrov aglomeracija kot zaokroženo območje tako zgoščene poselitve, da zanj veljajo posebna določila in dinamika iz direktive. Merilo zgoščenosti je število prebivalcev na hektar. Za Slovenijo so bili izdelani najprimernejša mreža eno-hektarskih kvadratnih celic in trije tipi celic poselitve. Območje posamezne aglomeracije sestavljajo celice dveh najgostejših tipov poselitve, ki se stikajo. Površina aglomeracij je mnogo manjša od površine naselij iz RPE, zato so skupne slovenske obveznosti iz direktiv manjše, kar pokaže tudi strokovna podlaga za nacionalni program zbiranja in čiščenja odpadnih komunalnih in padavinskih voda. Izdelane aglomeracije so osnovni element načrtovanja in ukrepanja tudi za druga vodnogospodarska načrtovanja (npr. proti poplavni ukrepi, lahko pa si bi jih uporabilo tudi za programe komunalnega opremljanja in druga razvojna načrtovanja v prostoru.

  1. Low-Level {beta} and {gamma} Counting in the Region 0-10 Disintegrations Per Minute; Comptage {beta} et {gamma} d'echantillons de faible activite (0 a 10 desintegrations par minute); Izmerenie {beta}- i {gamma}-izlucheniya maloj moshchnosti (0-10 raspadov v minutu); Recuento {beta} y {gamma} de muestras de baja actividad (0 a 10 desintegraciones por minuto)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Manov, George G [Tracerlab Inc. (United States)

    1960-06-15

    materiales, preferentemente de origen anterior a la segunda guerra mundial. Para el recuento de las radiaciones procedentes de muestras de baja actividad es condicion primordial la estabilidad del sistema electronico utilizado, especialmente a fin de evitar el recuento de impulsos parasitos. Se describe un procedimiento que consiste en alimentar el sistema electronico con impulsos generados a un ritmo determinado, que pasan por el amplificador y se des- cuentan del numero bruto de impulsos registrado. En general, los circuitos equipados con transistores, inclusive en los preamplificadore s y en las fuentes de tension, son mas satisfactorios que los dispositivos clasicos basados en el empleo de valvulas electronicas. (author) [Russian] Izmerenie radioaktivnost i na urovne v oblasti, soderzhashchej ot 0-10 raspadov v minutu, stanovitsya vse bolee poleznym pri standartizatsii radioaktivnykh izotopov, a takzhe v takikh drugikh otraslyakh nauki, kak geologiya i meditsina naprimer. CHasto poyavlyaetsya neobkhodimost' v podschete izluchenij maloj moshchnosti v oblasti biologii i pri issledovanii metodom mechenykh atomov, v chastnosti, v tekh sluchayakh, kogda ispol'zovanie radiatsii bol'shoj moshchnosti mozhet izmenyat' khod raboty apparata ili okazyvat' vliyanie na izuchaemyj protsess. CHasto takogo roda izmereniya dolzhny provodit'sya v usloviyakh, kogda obraztsy obladayut aktivnost'yu, prevyshayushchej obychnyj neehkranirovanny j fon radiatsii lish' na 1%. V drugikh sluchayakh poyavlyayutsya dopolnitel'ny e trebovaniya vsledstvie togo, chto radioaktivnye izotopy mogut imet' ochen' korotkij period poluraspada. Imeyutsya tri osnovnykh puti uvelicheniya nadezhnosti izmerenij radiatsii maloj moshchnosti: bolee sovershennye schetchiki, men'shie popravki na fon i bolee nadezhnye svobodnye ot pomekh ehlektronnye sistemy. V dannom dokumente opisyvayutsya sravnitel'ny e ehksperimenty svyazannye s izucheniem otnositel'ny kh kachestv trekh razlichnykh tipov zashchishchennykh schetchikov

  2. Research on the Primary Processes of Radiation-Initiated Polymerization; Recherches sur les processus primaires de polymerisation amorcee par rayonnements; Issledovaniya osnovnykh protsessov polimerizatsii pod vozdejstviem oblucheniya; Estudios sobre los procesos primarios en la polimerizacion radioinducida

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Okamura, S; Manabe, T; Higashimura, T; Oishi, Y; Futami, S

    1960-07-15

    Excitation energy transfer in benzene solutions of monomers, polymers and copolymers has been studied by observations on the quenching of terphenyl fluorescence produced by gamma radiation. The ease of energy transfer from benzene to various monomers is conjugated monomers > unconjugated > monomers > corresponding saturated compounds. Quenching experiments were also carried out using polymer solutions in benzene. The order of efficiencies was crepe rubber > polystyrene > polyvinyl acetate > acrylic polymers. The results obtained for quenching by a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer indicated that the specific quenching efficiency of the styrene units in the copolymer was less than in the homopolymer. The gamma ray initiated polymerisation of styrene in methylene dichloride solutions at low temperature was studied. The results obtained for the dependence of polymerisation rate on intensity are consistent with an ionic mechanism. The composition of the copolymer obtained with methyl methacrylate also supports this view. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont etudie la transmission de l'energie d'excitation dans les solutions de benzene du fait de la presence de monomeres, polymeres et copolymeres, en etudiant l'extinction de la fluorescence du terphenyle induite par rayons gamma. On peut classer les divers monomeres en trois categories selon l'ordre de facilite avec laquelle l'energie du benzene leur est transmise : monomeres conjugues, monomeres non conjugues, composes satures correspondants. Les auteurs ont egalement fait des experiences sur des polymeres dans une solution de benzene. L'efficacite va en decroissant dans l'ordre suivant: caoutchouc naturel, polystyrolene, acetate de polyvinyle, polymere acrylique. Les resultats obtenus pour le copolymere styrolene-methacrylate de methyle montrent que l'efficacite d'extinction du styrolene est plus faible dans le cas des copolymeres que dans le cas des homopolymeres. Les auteurs ont etudie la polymerisation du styrolene amorcee au moyen de rayons gamma dans une solution de dichlorure de methylene a basse temperature. Le rapport direct constate entre la vitesse de polymerisation et l'intensite repond a une caracteristique du mecanisme de polymerisation ionique. La composition du copolymere obtenu avec le methacrylate de methyle vient egalement a l'appui de cette hypothese. (author) [Spanish] Observando la extincion de la luminiscencia del terienilo inducida por los rayos gamma, se ha estudiado el proceso de transmision de la energia de excitacion en soluciones bencenicas de monomeros, polimeros y copolimeros. La facilidad con que la energia se transmite del benceno a los diversos monomeros responde al siguiente orden decreciente: monomeros conjugados > monomeros no conjugados > compuestos saturados correspondientes. Tambien se realizaron experimentos sobre la extincion de la luminiscencia utilizando polimeros disueltos en benceno. El poder de extincion de los polimeros disminuye con arreglo al siguiente orden: caucho natural > poliestireno > acetato de polivinilo > polimeros acrilicos. Los resultados obtenidos al emplear un copolimero de estireno-metacrilato de metilo indicaron que el poder extintor especifico de los grupos estireno del copolimero es inferior al observado en el caso del homopolimero. La polimerizacion inducida por rayos gamma del estireno disuelto en diclorometileno tambien se estudio a bajas temperaturas. Los resultados obtenidos en lo que se refiere a la relacion existente entre la velocidad de polimerizacion y la intensidad de irradiacion parecen indicar que el mecanismo es de naturaleza ionica. La composicion del copolimero obtenido a partir de metacrilato de metilo tambien corrobora esta opinion. (author) [Russian] Peredacha ehnergii vozbuzhdeniya v benzol'nykh rastvorakh monomerov, polimerov i sopolimerov izuchayutsya putem nablyudeniya kvenchinga trifinil'noj fluorestsentsii, poluchaemogo v rezul'tate gamma-oblucheniya. Sposobnost' peredachi ehnergii ot benzola razlichnym monomeram sleduyushchaya : sopryazhennye monomery > nesopryazhennye monomery > sootvetstvuyushchie predel'nye soedineniya. EHksperimenty s kvenchingom provodyatsya takzhe s ispol'zovaniem rastvorov polimerov v benzole. Poryadok otdachi sleduyushchij : natural'nyj kauchuk > polistirol > polivinilovaya sol' > akrilovye polimery. Rezul'taty, poluchennye dlya kvenchinga s pomoshch'yu sopolimera stirol-metil-metakrilata, ukazyvayut na to, chto osobaya sposobnost' k kvenchingu soedinenij stirola v sopolimere proyavlyaetsya v men'shej stepeni, chem v gomopolimere . Issledovalas' polimerizatsiya stirola v rastvorakh dvukhloristogo metilena pri nizkoj temperature. Poluchennye rezul'taty otnositel'no zavisimosti skorosti polimerizatsii ot intensivnosti soglasuyutsya s ionnym mekhanizmom. Sostav sopolimerov, poluchennykh s metil-metakrilatom, takzhe podtverzhdaet ehtot vyvod. (author)

  3. Development of concrete cask storage technology for spent nuclear fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saegusa, Toshiari; Shirai, Koji; Takeda, Hirofumi

    2010-01-01

    Need of spent fuel storage in Japan is estimated as 10,000 to 25,000 t by 2050 depending on reprocessing. Concrete cask storage is expected due to its economy and risk hedge for procurement. The CRIEPI executed verification tests using full-scale concrete casks. Heat removal performances in normal and accidental conditions were verified and analytical method for the normal condition was established. Shielding performance focus on radiation streaming through the air outlet was tested and confirmed to meet the design requirements. Structural integrity was verified in terms of fracture toughness of stainless steel canister for the cask of accidental drop tests. Cracking of cylindrical concrete container due to thermal stress was confirmed to maintain its integrity. Seismic tests of concrete cask without tie-down using scale and full-scale model casks were carried out to confirm that the casks do not tip-over and the spent fuel assembly keeps its integrity under severe earthquake conditions. Long-term integrity of concrete cask for 40 to 60 years is required. It was confirmed using a real concrete cask storing real spent fuel for 15 years. Stress corrosion cracking is serious issue for concrete cask storage in the salty air environment. The material factor was improved by using highly corrosion resistant stainless steel. The environmental factor was mitigated by the development of salt reduction technology. Estimate of surface salt concentration as a function of time became possible. Monitoring technology to detect accidental loss of containment of the canister by the stress corrosion cracking was developed. Spent fuel integrity during storage was evaluated in terms of hydrogen movement using spent fuel claddings stored for 20 years. The effect of hydrogen on the integrity of the cladding was found negligible. With these results, information necessary for real service of concrete cask was almost prepared. Remaining subject is to develop more economical and rational

  4. Ars saturae: misli o satiri in njenih obrazih. Uvodnik v tematski sklop „o satiri“

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nataša Golob

    2011-12-01

    Evropski in slovenski okvir – izkušnje niso tako vsaksebi, da ne bi prepoznali večnih in vesoljnih zakonov človekovega dejanja in nehanja. Vendar: ali se še kdaj spomnimo na Pudelbal Feliksa Antona Deva (1732–1786, kjer je prek pustnega, maškeradnega plesa na pahljačo vseh mogočih tipov prižebljal ljubljansko »purgarijo« v literarni ringaraja, tako da je začetno lahkotno šopirjenje izzvenelo v nelahkotni antitezi o sprenevedanju, večnem laganju in podobnih značajskih odličnostih. Obolos baročnemu času je jezikovno bogastvo, kopičenje satirično-parodičnih oznak, ki jih je Dev nalepil paradirajočim osebkom na odru, iz katerih dehti moralna sprijenost. To je satira o malih dušah. In še brezkončni izvir, namreč briljantno pletenje Ivana Cankarja in mnogoobraznih satiričnih motivov, v dobršni meri izvirajočih iz politične odvisnosti in narodno-zavedne neurejenosti, tako da je v resnici »kostanj posebne sorte«, ki so se mu v različnih tonalitetah pridružila najboljša peresa prve polovice 20. stoletja. Cankarjevo satiropisje je veljalo »zlasti farizeju, hlapcu, dogmatiku, renegatu,« pravi Franc Zadravec, »maske snema z vsakršnih duhovnih in moralnih spak nekdanjih in sedanjih časov.«7 Satirik je po definiciji svojega početja brezkompromisni opazovalec človekovih dejanj. Izhodišče za tematske prispevke v tej številki Ars et humanitas je dalo polju satire, satiričnega, satirikov itd. odprte poti. Kakršno koli je že naše vsakdanje delo, vsi smo se s temi temami srečavali v raznih konceptualnih in oblikovnih izrazih in pri razrešitvi vprašanja največkrat ni zadoščal pogled samo ene stroke. To povezovanje disciplin je temeljna lastnost te revije, ki goji načelo medkulturnih in interdisciplinarnih perspektiv, zato so bili prispevki dolžni spoštovati le nosilno besedo »satira«.

  5. Notes on the Start-Up of the Latina Power Station; Notes concernant le demarrage de la centrale nucleaire de Latina; Zapusk ehlektrostantsii Latina; Notas sobre la puesta en marcha de la central electrica de Latina

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calabria, G.; Gualtieri, G. [AGIP Nucleare, Milano (Italy)

    1963-10-15

    desarrollo de los ensayos finales, sobre la carga del combustible y el orden en que se ejecutaron las operaciones de puesta en marcha y sobre las determinaciones y maniobras de regulacion posteriores al estado critico. Se resenan asimismo las operaciones iniciales de generacion y conexion de la central con la red electrica. Por ultimo, se mencionan los problemas de organizacion derivados de la explotacion de la central, incluyendo la preparacion y formacion profesional del personal y las medidas de seguridad adoptadas. (author) [Russian] Privoditsya informatsiya o zapuske pervoj ital'yanskoj atomnoj ehlektrostantsii Latina moshchnost'yu 200 mgvt. Reaktor rabotaet na prirodnom urane s grafitovym zamedlitelem i gazovym okhlazhdeniem. Posle kratkogo opisaniya osnovnykh kharakteristik ehlektrostantsii privodyatsya podrobnye dannye otnositel'no provedeniya zaklyuchitel'nykh ispytanij stantsii'', toplivnoj zagruzki i poryadka ehkspluatatsii, izmerenij i upravleniya s dovedeniem do kriticheskogo sostoyaniya. Daetsya ob''yasnenie raboty po zapusku i vklyucheniyu stantsii v ehlektroset'. Izlagayutsya takzhe problemy, svyazannye s ehkspluatatsiej stantsii, v tom chisle podgotovka personela i ego kvalifikatsiya, mery po bezopasnosti. (author)

  6. Pointing Out Main Factors from Design, Construction and Operating Experience of Existing Nuclear Plants for Assisting in Shaping Future Nuclear Power Programmes; Les principaux criteres degages de l'etude, de la construction et de l'exploitation des centrales nucleaires existantes et leur interet pour l'elaboration des futurs programmes d'energie d'origine nucleaire; Ukazanie osnovnykh faktorov proektirovaniya, stroitel'stva i opyta ehkspluatatsii sushchestvuyutsikh atomnykh ehlektrostantsij, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri sostavlenii budushchikh programm atomnoj ehnergetiki; Principales consideraciones relativas al diseno, construccion y explotacion de centrales nucleares, encaminadas a facilitar la preparacion de programas futuros de energia nucleoelectrica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dalla Volta, F. [Comitato Nazionale per l' Energia Nucleare, Rome (Italy)

    1963-10-15

    ehlektrostantsii mogut tselikom ili bol'shej chast'yu okupit'sya raskhody po razrabotke ochen' nadezhnykh obolochek. Rassmatrivaetsya sposobnost' oprobirovannykh tipov stantsij udovletvoryat' trebovaniya ehnergosistemy i ikh prigodnost' takzhe v svyazi s uvelichayushchejsya rol'yu yadernykh ehlektrostantsij. I,nakonets, podcherkivaetsya vazhnost' problemy sbora i interpretatsii dannykh o rabote trekh ehlektrostantsij, ehkspluatatsiya kotorykh nachinaetsya v Italii, chto dolzhno pomoch' pri proektirovanii novykh stantsij. (author)

  7. Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Gamma Radiation; Desinsectation des figues seches par les rayons gamma; Dezinfestatsiya sushenogo inzhira s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya'; Desinfestacion de higos secos mediante rayos gamma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Papadopoulou, C. P. [Department of Biology, Democritus Nuclear Research Centre, Aghia Paraskevi, Attica (Greece)

    1963-09-15

    efectuando investigaciones sobre la desinfestacion de los productos agricolas almacenados. En esas investigaciones se han utilizado recientemente con exito los rayos gamma. Los higos secos constituyen uno de los principales productos de exportacion de Grecia y los insectos ocasionan perdidas importantes. Las investigaciones tenian las siguientes finalidades: a) determinar las dosis de radiacion necesarias para destruir ciertas especies de insectos que atacan los higos en diversas fases de su desarrollo, o destruir sus huevos impidiendo asi que se reproduzcan; b) determinar las modificaciones fisicas y quimicas que las radiaciones producen en la contextura de los higos secos. Se han estudiado las especies siguientes: Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella, Carpophilushemipterous, Oryzaephilus surinamensis y Lasioderma serricorne. En la memoria se estudian las dosis optimas de radiacion que no producen dafios aparentes en la contextura de los higos. (author) [Russian] V techenie mnogikh let provodyatsya issledovaniya to voprosam dezinfestatsii sel'skokhozyajstvennykh produktov v khranilishchakh. Nedavno gamma-izluchechie bylo uspeshno primeneno pri provedenii takikh issledovanij. Sushenyj inzhir sostavlyaet odin iz osnovnykh produktov ehksporta Gretsii. Ezhegodno nasekomye nanosyat ser'eznyj ushcherb ehtomu produktu. Tsel' issledovaniya: 1) opredelenie doz izlucheniya, neobkhodimykh dlya unichtozheniya nekotorykh vidov nasekomykh, porazhayushchikh sushenyj inzhir, na razlichnykh stadiyakh ikh razvitiya, i dlya unichtozheniya ikh yaits i predotvrashcheniya takim obrazom ikh razmnozheniya; i 2) opredelenie fiziko-khimicheskikh izmenenij tekstury sushenogo inzhira pod dejstviem izlucheniya. Issledovaniya provodilis' so sleduyushchimi vidami: Plodia Interpunctella, Ephestia coutella, Carpophilus hemipterous, Gryzaephllus surinamensis i Lasioderma serricorne. Obsuzhdayutsya neobkhodimye optimal'nye dozy. Pri ehtikh dozakh ne nablyudaetsya vidimogo narusheniya tekstury inzhira pod

  8. Failure points in the PKI architecture / Точки отказа в PKI архитектуре / Tačke otkaza u PKI arhitekturi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Radomir I. Prodanović

    2017-07-01

    татьи, и так как речь идет о значительно сложных инфраструктурах, в данной работе представлен лишь общий обзор главных потенциальных точек отказа, без подробного объяснения характеристик по каждому отдельному виду внедрения архитектуры. В статье исследуются общие характеристики PKI архитектур, на основании которых трактуется значение возможных отказов и предлагаются мероприятия по предупреждению и преодолению данного рода проблемы. / Tokom poslednjih 20 godina PKI arhitektura našla je široku primenu, posebno u oblastima koje su zahtevale uspostavljanje sigurnosne infrastrukture. S obzirom na to da se koristi radi sigurnosti jasno je da je njen nesmetan rad jedan od osnovnix zahteva koji se postavlja pri njenoj implementaciji, a već samim uvidom u brojne tipove arhitektura i različite implementacije uviđa se njena kompleksnost. Zbog toga je razmatranje potencijalnih tačaka otkaza od velike važnosti. Kako se radi o vrlo složenim infrastrukturama, ovaj rad daće samo osnovni pregled tačaka koje mogu biti tačke otkaza, bez detalja koji su karakteristični za pojedine primene i tipove implementacija.Tražiće se zajedničke karakteristike PKI arhitektura i na njima objašnjavati značaj otkaza koji se mogu desiti, a tamo gde je moguće biće navedeni i predlozi za njihovo prevazilaženje.

  9. A critical summary of microscopic fast-neutron interactions with reactor structural, fissile and fertile materials; Apercu critique des interactions microscopiques des neutrons rapides avec les materiaux de construction et les matieres fissiles et fertiles utilisees dans les reacteurs; Kriticheskij obzor mikroskopicheskog o vzaimodejstviya bystrykh nejtronov s konstruktsionnymi, rasshcheplyayushchimis ya i vosproizvodyashchim i reaktornymi materialami; Resumen critico de las interacciones microscopicas de los neutrones rapidos con los materiales estructurales fisionables y fertiles utilizados en los reactores

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Smith, A B [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1962-03-15

    doklade, ne tol'ko mogut byt' primeneny s bol'shoj pol'zoj, no i sami yavlyayutsya primerom primeneniya peredovoj ehksperimental'no j yadernoj tekhniki. Ukazyvayutsya oblasti, v kotorykh ehksperimental'ny e dannye libo nedostatochny, libo protivorechivy, libo voobshche otsutstvuyut. Delaetsya prognoz v otnoshenii budushchikh znanij o reaktsiyakh na bystrykh nejtronakh i podcherkivaetsya neobkhodimost' vypolneniya reaktornykh trebovanij dlya polucheniya osnovnykh yadernykh dannykh. (author)

  10. Solid sources of krypton-85; Sources solides de krypton-85; Tverdye istochniki kriptona-85; Fuentes solidas de cripton-85

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Puig, J R; Sandier, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1962-01-15

    industria. Sin embargo, la preparacion de fuentes industriales de {sup 85}Kr plantea dificultades porque este elemento se presenta en forma gaseosa y no puede ser fijado quimicamente. En la presente memoria los autores exponen un metodo de fijacion del cripton en una matriz macromolecular obtenida por polimerizacion en masa de un monomero liquido que contiene al cripton, y describen la preparacion de dos tipos de fuentes obtenidas segun este principio - una a base de poliestireno y la otra a base de acetato de polivinilo. Estas fuentes dejan escapar parte del cripton, por lo que su actividad disminuye diariamente a razon de 8 % en el primer caso y de 3 % en el segundo. Estos decrecimientos aparentes permiten calcular los coeficientes de difusion del cripton en los polimeros. Al parecer, los enlaces de reticulacion del polimero impiden la difusion. (author) [Russian] Kripton-85, kotoryj yavlyaetsya dolgozhivushchim beta-izluchatelem i predstavlyaet soboj neznachitel'nuyu biologicheskuyu opasnost', daet vazhnye preimushchestva pri ego promyshlennom ispol'zovanii. No izgotovlenie ego istochnikov yavlyaetsya trudnym delom, tak kak ehtot ehlement nakhoditsya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii i ego nel'zya fiksirovat' khimicheskim putem. Avtory izlagayut metod fiksatsii kriptona v makromolekulyarnoj matritse, obrazovannoj polimerizatsiej zhidkogo monomera, soderzhashchego kripton, i opisyvayut izgotovlenie dvukh tipov istochnikov, prigotovlennykh po ehtomu printsipu: odin zaklyuchen v polistirol, a drugoj - v polivinilovyj atsetat. Poluchennye takim obrazom istochniki ispuskayut kripton, i ikh aktivnost' umen'shaetsya v den' na 8 % dlya pervogo i na 3 % dlya vtorogo. EHti zametnye umen'sheniya dayut vozmozhnost' vychislit' koehffitsienty diffuzii kriptona v ztikh polimerakh. EHtoj diffuzii, po-vidimomu, prepyatstvuyut poperechnye svyazi, sushchestvuyushchie v polimere. (author)

  11. Construction and Operation of a Commercial Gamma-Ray Package-Sterilizing Plant; Construction et fonctionnement d'une installation industrielle pour la sterilisation d'articles sous emballage par les rayons gamma; Razrabotka i ehkspluatatsiya sbornoj ustanovki gamma-izlucheniya promyshlennogo tipa dlya sterilizatsii meditsinskikh materialov; Construccion y funcionamiento de una instalacion industrial para la esterilizacion gamma de articulos medicos empaquetados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Crawford, C. G. [Johnson' s Ethical Plastics Ltd., Slough (United Kingdom)

    1963-11-15

    Upravlenii po atomnoj ehnergii Soedinennogo Korolevstva), nastoyashchaya ustanovka byla sproektirovana spetsial'no dlya sterilizatsii plastmassovykh shpritsev i drugikh meditsinskikh materialov analogichnoj plotnosti. Ustanovka nachala funktsionirovat' s noyabrya 1962 goda. Dano opisanie osnovnykh kharakteristik i osobennostej e konstruktsii, priborov, obespechivayushchikh zashchitu obsluzhivayushchego personala, i metoda zagruzki sterzhnej. Opisan opyt ehkspluatatsii, vklyuchaya dozimetriyu, vklyuchenie ustanovki v edinyj tekhnologicheskij tsikl; privedeny rezul'taty bakteriologicheskikh issledovanij. Kratko obsuzhdeny ehkonomicheskie pokazateli pri sterilizatsii gamma-izlucheniem; dana otsenka vozmozhnosti primeneniya ustanovok podobnogo tipa v budushchem. (author)

  12. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter as the Gamma Component of a Nuclear Accident Dosimeter; Utilisation du Dosimetre Thermoluminescent Comme Element Detecteur Gamma d'un Dosimetre pour les cas d'Accident Nucleaire; 0422 0415 0420 041c 0414 ; Los Detectores de Termoluminiscencia Como Elemento Gammametrico de un Dosimetro para Casos de Accidente Nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Handloser, J. S. [Edgerton, Germeshausen and Grier, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

    1965-06-15

    diametro quetiueda hermeticamente cerrado, con el fosforo en su interior. Este dosimetro mide 0,8 mm de diametro y 6 mm de longitud. El autor ha disenado blindajes destinados a corregir la respuesta energetica de estos dos dosimetros. (author) [Russian] Ispol'zovalis' razlichnye tipy gamma-dozimetrov v kachestve komponenta avarijnyh dozimetrov, izmerjajushhih gamma-izluchenie. Oni vkljuchali razlichnye vidy stekljannyh, plenochnyh, himicheskih dozimetrov i dozimetrov polimerizacii. Termo- ljuminiscentnyj dozimetr obladaet znachitel'nymi preimushhestvami po sravneniju s dozimetrami drugih tipov. Shirokij diapazon termoljuminiscentnogo dozimetra daet vozmozhnost' ispol'zovat' ego v kachestve povsednevnogo kontrol'no-izmeritel'nogo pribora i v kachestve avarijnogo dozimetra. Pri jetom otpadaet nadobnost' v special'noj apparature dlja avarijnoj dozimetrii i sozdaetsja vozmozhnost' ispol'zovat' v avarijnoj dozimetricheskoj sisteme horosho kalibrovannye pribory povsednevnogo ispol'zovanija. Obychno diapazon, prisushhij termo- ljuminiscentnomu dozimetru, kolebletsja ot 5 mr do 100 000 r pri vosproizvodimosti {+-}10%. Byl sproektirovan i izgotovlen edinichnyj tip dozimetra s o ftoristym kal'ciem i s neobhodimym prisposobleniem dlja snjatija pokazanij, v diapazone ot 5 mr do 5000 r . Chtenie pokazanij dozimetra proizvoditsja putem nagreva fosfora i izmereniem vyhoda sveta. Imejutsja pribory dlja registracii pokazanij shesti porjadkov, i sproektirovany polnost'ju avtomatizirovannye sistemy. Ni odin iz priborov ne trebuet dlja opredelenija pokazanij bolee 20 sek na dozimetr. Drugoe preimushhestvo termoljuminiscentnogo dozimetra sostoit v maloj chuvstvitel'nosti k nejtronam. Ona kolebletsja v zavisimosti ot tipa kontejnera i tipa fosfora. Odin tip dozimetra s ftoristym kal'ciem obladaet nejtronnoj chuvstvitel'nost'ju, ravnoj 0,27 * 10{sup -9} r ad /n/cm{sup 2}. Rassmatrivajutsja dva termoljuminiscentnyh dozimetra razlichnyh fizicheskih form. Pervyj predstavljaet soboj nagrevaemyj

  13. Establishment and Study of Dose Fields for the Irradiation of Experimental Animals with High-Energy Protons; Creation et Etude de Champs de Rayonnements pour l'Irradiation d'Animaux de Grande Taille par des Protons de Haute Energie; Sozdanie i issledovanie doznykh polej dlya oblucheniya ehksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh protonami bol'shoj ehnergii; Produccion y Estudio de Campos Radia Torios para la Exposicion de Animales de Laboratorio a Protones de Elevada Energia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Afanas' ev, V. P.; Keirim-Markus, I. B.; Kuznecova, S. S.; Litvinova, Je. G.; Sokolova, I. K.; Stukina, L. E.

    1964-03-15

    zhivotnogo. Rassmotreny nekotorye voprosy dozimetrii protonov bol'shoj jenergii. Obosnovano primenenie rjada tipov dozimetrov v jetih celjah. Predlozhen metod opredelenija vklada kaskadnyh nejtronov v potok protonov s pomoshh'ju aktivacionnyh detektorov. (author)

  14. Neutron Tests at the Start-Up of EDF1; Les essais neutroniques au demarrage du reacteur EDF1; Nejtronnye izmereniya pri puske reaktora EDF1; Ensayos neutronicos efectuados durante la puesta en marcha del reactor EDF1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Teste du Bailler, A. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Janin, R. [Electricite de France, Paris (France)

    1963-10-15

    'air. Au cours de certains paliers de temperature (jusqu'a 140{sup o}C), des mesures de coefficients de temperature et d'efficacite de barres de controle ont ete effectuees. Dans le meme temps des mesures d'indices de spectre ont ete realisees par activation de detecteurs appropries (U, Pu, Lu, Mn, In, Au). La technique d'oscillation a ete utilisee pour mesurer l'efficacite de certains barres de compensation. Enfin des mesures de neutrons rapides ont ete faites concernant les etudes de protection et de dommages sur le graphite. (author) [Spanish] Con motivo de la puesta en marcha del reactor EDF1 los autores efectuaron una serie de mediciones neutronicas utilizando los principales metodos experimentales perfeccionados en los reactores de Marcoule. Las mediciones versaron esencialmente sobre la eficacia de las barras de control a diferentes profundidades. Sobre esta base los autores elaboraron un plan de extraccion de las barras que permite alcanzar la plena potencia respetando ciertos limites impuestos por la temperatura de las envolturas y del gas. Paralelamente, llevaron a cabo mediciones del flujo para distintas posiciones de las barras de compensacion y para diferentes absorbentes en ciertos canales, con arreglo a calculos de prevision bidimensionales. Estas mediciones se efectuaron por activacion de detectores puntiformes, recurriendo a la tecnica clasica por envenenamiento mediante aire. Dentro de ciertos intervalos de temperatura (hasta 140{sup o}C) efectuaron mediciones de los coeficientes termicos y de la eficacia de las barras de control. Al mismo tiempo, realizaron mediciones de los indices espectrales por activacion de detectores apropiados (U, Pu, Lu, Mn, In, Au). Utilizaron la tecnica de oscilacion para medir la eficacia de ciertas barras de compensacion. Por ultimo, efectuaron mediciones de neutrones rapidos relacionados con los estudios de proteccion y de dafios provocados en el grafito. (author) [Russian] Seriya njtronnykh izmerenij s primeneniem osnovnykh

  15. The effective lifetime and temperature coefficient in a coupled fast-thermal reactor; Temps de vie effectif et coefficient de temperature dans un reacteur a couplage neutrons rapides-neutrons thermiques; Ehffektivnyj srok zhizni i temperaturnyj koehffitsient nejtronov v dvoyakom reaktore na bystrykh i teplovykh nejtronakh; Vida efectiva y coeficiente de temperatura en un reactor con acoplamiento rapido-termico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haefele, W. [Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (Germany)

    1962-03-15

    thermique. Le probleme est etudie avec un groupe de neutrons retardes (au sens habituel). Un formalisme exprime le temps de vie effectif et le coefficient de temperature aux differents stades de la saute de puissance. L'auteur indique les sautes de puissance pour differentes valeurs de {alpha}{sub 0} jusqu'a ce que soit atteinte la limite de la cinetique du reacteur a neutrons rapides. (author) [Spanish] La teoria de los sistemas acoplados fue ampliamente desarrollada por Avery y sus colaboradores en el Argonne National Laboratory. Una de las caracteristicas mas interesantes de los sistemas acoplados es la prolongacion de la vida efectiva de los neutrones. La componente termica actua como una especie de retardador neutronico. Como en la teoria de los neutrones retardados, el efecto retardador desaparece cuando la reactividad adquiere un valor suficientemente elevado para que la componente rapida alcance la criticidad independientemente . El autor examina un reactor con acoplamiento en el que la componente rapida sufre un salto instantaneo de reactividad {alpha}{sub 0}. La temperatura aumenta como consecuencia del incremento del nivel de potencia y comienzan a actuar dos coeficiente termicos: el que corresponde a la componente rapida y el coeficiente de temperatura de la componente termica. El problema se estudia en relacion con un grupo de neutrones retardados (en el sentido corriente del termino). El autor presenta una serie de formulas que expresan la vida efectiva de los neutrones y el coeficiente de temperatura en las diferentes etapas del salto de reactividad. El autor indica esos saltos para distintos valores de {alpha}{sub 0}, basta alcanzar el limite correspondiente a la cinetica de los reactores de neutrones rapidos. (author) [Russian] Teoriya dvoyakikh sistem byla podrobno razrabotana R. Ehjveri i sotrudnikami v Argonskoj natsional'noj laboratorii. Odnim iz osnovnykh interesnykh momentov v sparennoj sisteme yavlyaetsya bol'shij ehffektivnyj srok zhizni nejtronov

  16. Administrative Co-ordination of Fissile Material Management and Accounting in the U.K.A.E.A; Coordination Administrative de la Gestion et de la Comptabilite des Matieres Fissiles dans les Etabussements de l'Autorite de l'Energie Atomique du Royaume-Uni; Administrativnaya koordinatsiya kontrolya i ucheta delyashchikhsya materialov v upravlenii po atomnoj ehnergii soedinennogo korolevstva; Coordinacion Administrativa de la Gestion y la Contabilidad de Materiales Fisionables en la Comision de Energia Atomica del Reino Unido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hood, St. C.C. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, London (United Kingdom)

    1966-02-15

    , recuperacion de desechos, importacion - y todas las cantidades empleadas, incluidos los materiales agotados, las perdidas y las exportaciones; b) recomiendan la mejor manera de asignar cantidades determinadas de materiales para fines aprobados, teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de las necesidades, el volumen de las existencias y los aspectos economicos de la operacion; c) registran y controlan todas las asignaciones aprobadas; en relacion con los criterios y los objectivos establecidos, verifican la naturaleza de los materiales que se estan utilizando, sus cantidades, y los fines a que se les destina; d) registran y estudian todas las perdidas de material fisionable que se producen durante los procesos de elaboracion y tratamiento, asf como las medidas adoptadas para evitar dichas perdidas; e) contribuyen a establecer procedimientos y a crear incentivos para lograr que los materiales se empleen con economia y se devuelvan con rapidez. (author) [Russian] Kak postavshhik deljashhihsja materialov Upravlenie po atomnoj jenergii zanimaetsja ih proizvodstvom, raspredeleniem i pererabotkoj. Upravleniju, kak potrebitelju, deljashhiesja materialy nuzhny dlja ispol'zovanija v kachestve topliva v opytnyh jenergeticheskih reaktorah razlichnyh tipov, reaktorah dlja ispytanija materialov, issledovatel'skih reaktorah nulevoj moshhnosti, v rabotah po sozdaniju novyh tipov teplovydeljajushhih jelementov, a takzhe dlja provedenija laboratornyh jeksperimentov i issledovanij. Ispolnitel'nye funkcii po jetim vidam dejatel'nosti vozlozheny na chetyre strukturnyh podrazdelenija upravlenija (gruppy). Bylo najdeno poleznym derzhat' jeti vidy dejatel'nosti pod nabljudeniem special'nyh mezhgruppovyh komitetov s obshhim sekretariatom. Jeti komitety: a) zanimajutsja izucheniem vseh proektov ili predlozhenij otnositel'no rabot, svjazannyh so znachitel'nymi kolichestvami deljashhihsja materialov (plutonija i obogashhennogo urana pomimo prirodnogo urana ili obednennogo urana) v svete ozhidaemyh postavok za

  17. The Practice of Waste Disposal in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority; Methodes Employees par l'Atomic Energy Authority du Royaume-Uni pour Eliminer les Dechets Radioactifs; 041f 041e 0420 042f 0414 041e 041a 0423 0414 ; Sistemas de Evacuacion de Desechos en la United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dunster, H. J.; Wix, L. F.U. [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Health and Safety Branch (United Kingdom)

    1960-07-01

    ou moyenne, sont enfouis dans des emplacements specialement choisis - ou ils n'ont aucune possibilite de contaminer les ressources en eau - ou noyes au fond de la mer. Le memoire donne un apercu des diverses methodes employees et indique quelles sont les quantites de dechets liquides et solides qui doivent etre eliminees, tous les ans, suivant chacune de ces methodes. (author) [Spanish] La United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority tiene en funcionamiento instalaciones situadas desde el sur de Inglaterra hasta la costa norte de Escocia. Las funciones de estas instalaciones incluyen la produccion y elaboracion de combustibles nucleares, la produccion de electricidad e isotopos con fines comerciales, el estudio de nuevos tipos de reactores y la investigacion en todos los campos afines. Por lo tanto, la Authority tiene que resolver el problema de la evacuacion de desechos muy variados que se producen en una gran cantidad de lugares distintos. Los' desechos principales de alto nivel radiactivo, tanto liquidos como solidos, son almacenados en tanques y recipientes especiales, mientras que los desechos liquidos de bajo nivel y de gran volumen son evacuados en cantidades exactamente controladas hacia el mar o los rios. Los desechos solidos de nivel medio o bajo son enterrados en zonas seleccionadas donde no podran entrar en contacto con los suministros de agua, o son hundidos en el fondo del mar. La memoria resume los diversos sistemas utilizados y da cantidades tipicas de los desechos liquidos y solidos que se producen anualmente y que son evacuados por dichos sistemas. (author) [Russian] Komissija po atomnoj jenergii Soedinennogo Korolevstva imeet predprijatija v razlichnyh rajonah strany ot juzhnogo poberezh'ja Anglii do severnyh beregov Shotlandii. Jeti predprijatija zanjaty proizvodstvom i pererabotkoj jadernogo topliva, proizvodstvom jelektrojenergii i izotopov dlja kommercheskih celej, razrabotkoj novyh tipov reaktorov i vedeniem nauchno-issledovatel'skoj raboty v

  18. Control Rods in high-Flux Swimming-Pool Reactors; Les Barres de Controle dans les Piles Piscines a Haut Flux; Reguliruyushchie sterzhni dlya reaktorov bassejnovogo tipa s vysokoj plotnost'yu nejtronnogo potoka; Las Barras de Control en los Reactores Tipo Piscina de Flujo Elevado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ageroni, P.; Blum, P.; Denielou, G.; Denis, P.; Meunier, C. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble (France)

    1964-06-15

    etudes en cours sur les barres de controle des piles piscine a coeur ouvert fonctionnant dans la bande de 10 a 30 MW. (author) [Spanish] La memoria examina los problemas planteados por las barras de control en los reactores de investigacion de tipo piscina abierta, de alta potencia especifica y elevado flujo, basandose en calculos y experimentos efectuados durante la construccion del reactor SILOE. Expone asimismo la experiencia adquirida con las barras de control mientras el reactor funcionaba a 13 MW. Examina sucesivamente: a) Los balances de reactividad y los valores de esta para los diversos tipos de barras de control que se han ensayado (cadmio, B4C, tierras raras, y combinaciones de estas sustancias); b) los picos de flujo que la presencia de barras de control crea en el cuerpo del reactor, su influencia sobre la potencia especifica, los flujos rapidos que se pueden obtener y los medios para incrementarlos; c) los problemas tecnologicos planteados por la construccion de las barras; d) los problemas de refrigeracion, vibracion, deformacion y tiempo necesario para introducirlos en el reactor. Para terminar, describe someramente loe estudios que se estan realizando con las barras de control de reactores de tipo piscina de cuerpo abierto cuando funcionan en el intervalo de potencias comprendido entre 10 y 30 MW. (author) [Russian] 1. V svete raschetov i jeksperimentov, provedennyh pri postrojke reaktora STLOE , rassmatrivajutsja problemy, voznikajushhie v svjazi s regulirujushhimi sterzhnjami dlja issledovatel'skih reaktorov otkrytogo bassejnovogo tipa s bol'shoj udel'noj moshhnost'ju i s vysokoj plotnost'ju nejtronnogo potoka. Privodjatsja takzhe rezul'taty ispytanija jetogo reaktora pri .moshhnosti 13 mgvt v svjazi s razlichnymi regulirujushhimi sterzhnjami. 2. Posledov atel'no rassmatrivajutsja sledujushhie problemy: a) balans reaktivnosti i reaktivnaja sposobnost' podvergnutyh ispytanijam regulirujushhih sterzhnej razlichnyh tipov (kadmij, B{sub 4}C , redkie zemli

  19. Study of reactions of metals with sulphur and phosphorus compounds by pulsed temperatures; Etude des reactions entre metaux et composes du soufre et du phosphore au moyen de brusques hausses de temperature; Issledovanie reaktsii metallov s soedineniyami sery i fosfora pri regulyarnykh izmeneniyakh temperatury; Estudio de reacciones entre metales y compuestos de azufre y de fosforo empleando impulsos de temperatura

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, R B; Grunberg, L [National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

    1962-01-15

    , los autores han tenido en cuenta la estructura de los materiales empleados y los procesos de difusion a los que se debe el progreso de la reaccion una vez iniciada esta. (author) [Russian] Protivoiznosnoe dejstvie sernykh i fosfornykh soedinenij, kotorye obychno dobavlyayutsya k mashinnym maslam, zavisit ot khimicheskikh reaktsij s metallicheskimi poverkhnostyami shesterenok. EHti reaktsii imeyut mesto kak pri osnovnoj temperature masel (primerno 100 Degree-Sign C), tak i pri vysokikh temperaturakh (priblizitel'no 600 Degree-Sign C) v techenie nebol'shogo promezhutka vremeni, kogda zubtsy shesterenok vstupayut vo vzai-modejstvie pod nagruzkoj. Temperaturnye izmeneniya sozdavalis' v apparate, v kotorom korotkie impul'sy ehlektrotoka ispol'zovalis' dlya nagrevaniya metallicheskikh provodov, pogruzhennykh v mineral'noe maslo, soderzhashchee v rastvore mechenye soedineniya sery-35 i fosfora-32. Zameryalas' voznikavshaya v provodakh radioaktivnost'. Stepen' reaktsii opredelyalas' kak funktsiya temperatury i vremeni. Rezul'taty reaktsii vyrazhalis' posredstvom osnovnykh zakonov kinetiki. Izucheniyu podverglis' voprosy izmeneniya skorosti reaktsii v zavisimosti ot nalichiya drugikh sostavov v rastvore. Bylo takzhe opredeleno vliyanie predvaritel'no obrazovannykh pokrytij poverkhnosti, soderzhashchikh seru, fosfor, khlor i/ili kislorod. Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya rezul'tatov raboty ispol'zuyutsya dannye o strukture materialov, a takzhe rassmatrivayutsya protsessy diffuzij tam, gde reaktsii vykhodili za svoi nachal'nye stadii. (author)

  20. A 900-channel coincidence pulse-amplitude analyser; Selecteur d'amplitudes d'impulsions a coincidence a trois dimensions; Devyatisotkanal'nyj amplitudnyj analizator impul'sov sovpadeniya; Analizador de amplitud de impulsos de coincidencia con 900 canales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alexander, T K; Robinson, L B [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

    1962-04-15

    ustrojstva s perekhodom ot nepreryvnykh velichin k diskretnym i iz devyatisotkanal'nogo zapominayushchego ustrojstva s ferritovym serdechnikom emkost'yu 2{sup 16} na kanal. Ustrojstvo po obnaruzheniyu i upravleniyu vydeleno i mozhet byt' raspolozheno otdel'no ot analizatora. Dlya impul'sov sovpadeniya pri vkhode A i B v kodirovochnoe ustrojstvo mozhno vybirat' sposob proizvodstva analiza tak, chtoby imelos' 30 kanalov pri 30 raspredeleniyakh, 100 kanalov pri 9 raspredeleniyakh ili 300 kanalov pri 3 raspredeleniyakh. V dvukh poslednikh sluchayakh iskhodnye linii i shirina ''okon'' amplitudy impul'sov v raspredelenii A mozhet vybirat'sya samim operatorom. Pri 100 kanalakh dlya analiza amplitudy impul'sov vosem' ''okon'' v raspredelenii A opredelyayut vosem' grupp po 100 kanalov dlya raspredelenij B. Fakticheski v ehtom sluchae u nas poluchaetsya odin stokanal'nyj analizator dlya raspredeleniya A i vosem' otdel'nykh stokanal'nykh analizatorov, v kotorye mozhet byt' napravleno raspredelenie B. Daetsya opisanie osnovnykh skhem kodirovochnogo ustrojstva, logicheskoj skhemy zapominayushchego ustrojstva i sektsii po obnaruzheniyu. (author)

  1. Preliminary Studies on Irradiation of Some Common Stored-Grain Insects in Pakistan; Etudes preliminaires sur l'irradiation de certaines especes communes d'insectes nuisibles aux cereales engrangees au Pakistan; Predvaritel'noe izuchenie rezul'tatov oblucheniya nekotorykh obychnykh ambarnykh nasekomykh v Pakistane; Estudios preliminares sobre los efectos de la irradiacion en algunas de las plagas insectiles de los silos mas comunes en el Pakistan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huque, Heshamul [Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Karachi (Pakistan)

    1963-09-15

    reaktsii nekotorykh osnovnykh ambarnykh nasekomykh-vreditelej na obluchenie razlichnymi dozami ot istochnika s Co{sup 60}, lyubezno predostavlennogo Pakistanskoj komissiej po atomnoj ehnergii. Doza'20 000 r vyzyvala 100-protsentnuyu smertnost' vzroslykh osobej Rhizopertha dominica i Tribolium castaneum v techenie 11 sutok. Doza 10 000 r okazalas' ehffektivnoj tol'ko cherez 23 sutok. Vzroslye osobi Sitophilus granarius proyavlyali otnositel'no bol'shuyu chuvstvitel'nost', i pri obluchenii ikh 10 000 r polnaya smertnost' nastupala cherez 7 sutok. Odnako lichinki Trogoderma granarium okazalis' naibolee stojkimi; na bolee nizkie dozy oni vovse ne reagirovali, a 100-protsentnaya smertnost' byla dostignuta tol'ko cherez 26 sutok posle oblucheniya 25 000 r. Maksimal'naya doza 250 000 r privodila k mgnovennoj smerti vo vsekh sluchayakh, no ehta doza slishkom vysoka, i privodit k narusheniyu prorastaemosti semyan. Odnako vvidu togo, chto pitatel'nye svojstva ne stradayut/ ehta doza mokhet byt' ispol'zovana tam, gde zhelatel'no nemedlennoe istreblenie nasekomykh v neprednaznachennykh dlya poseva prodovol'stvennykh zernovykh. Bruchus quadrumaculatus ne vyplansivaetsya pri obluchenii dozoj v 2500 r. V nastoyashchee vremya prodolzhaetsya izuchenie drugikh stadij i dozirovok. (author)

  2. Measurement of the wear rate of cast grinding balls using radioactive tracers; Evaluation de l'usure des boulets pour concasseurs, au moyen des indicateurs radioactifs; Izmerenie skorosti iznosa litykh drobil'nykh sharov pri pomoshchi mechenykh atomov; Medicion de la velocidad de desgaste de bolas trituradoras de acero colado con ayuda de indicadores radiactivos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Keys, J D; Eichholz, G G [Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

    1962-01-15

    'nykh sharov v razlichnykh rabochikh usloviyakh i dlya sopostavleniya rezul'tatov, poluchaemykh s sharami raznykh tipov ili raznogo sostava, byli uspeshno ispol'zovany mechenye atomy. Na protyazhenii neskol'kikh nedel' bylo provedeno nablyudenie za partiej mechenykh stal'nykh sharov v drobil'noj rabote i byli sobrany statisticheskie dannye otnositel'no iznosa i poteri vesa. V khode opytnykh tsiklov do otlivki sharov k rasplavlennomu metallu byl dobavlen kobal't-60 i posle ehtogo bylo provedeno nablyudenie nad litymi sharami v ikh rabote na razrabotkakh zheleznoj rudy. Partiya mechenykh radioizotopami sharov byla dobavlena k drobil'nym sharam drobilki s normal'noj emkost'yu zagruzki priblizitel'no v 75 tonn, H cherez kazhduyu nedelyu iz drobilki vybiralis' obraztsy zagruzki dlya iz{sup y}atiya mechenykh sharov. EHti shary proveryalis' i vzveshivalis' i podschityvalas' skorost' ikh iznosa. EHtot metod okazalsya praktichnym sposobom issledovaniya svojstv iznosa v rabochikh usloviyakh na ustanovke. (author)

  3. Perspectives for the Use of Ionizing Radiation in the Decontamination (Salmonella Radicidation) of Some Frozen Proteinaceous Foods and Dry Mixed Feed Ingredients; Perspectives de l'Emploi des Rayonnements pour la Decontamination (Radicidation de Salmonella) de Certains Aliments Proteiques Congeles et des Constituants de Melanges Alimentaires Secs pour Animaux; Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya dlya unichtozheniya bakterij (Gruppy Salmonella) nekotorykh zamorozhennykh belkovykh osnovnykh pishchevykh produktov i sukhikh komponentov smeshannogo'fura; Radiodescontaminacion (Radicidacion de la Salmonella) de Algunos Alimentos Proteicos Basicos Congelados y de Componentes de Alimentos Secos para Animales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mossel, D. A.A. [Central Institute for Nutrition and Food Research T.N.O., Zeist (Netherlands)

    1966-11-15

    Radiation decontamination, particularly of proteinaceous staple foods of low water activity, seemed to be promising, as one of the first applications of ionizing energy in food ancieed processing because of (a) restricted radiochemical damage to the commodities concerned; (b) absence of microbial proliferation subsequent to irradiation; and (c) some, often unique, technological advantages, such as applicability to materials already packaged, e.g. mixed feed ingredients, and effective decontamination without simultaneously- losing freshness, as in the case of red meats and poultry. As a first step, laboratory-scale dose range-finding experiments in this area were carried out earlier with, at the same time, sub-acute testing for wholesomeness. The results of these experiments were very promising. Pilot-plant-scale tests were next carried out, while concurrently research on wholesomeness was extended to a full two years/three generations assay with rats. In these tests it was confirmed that a dose of the order of 0.7 {+-} 0.1 Mrad suffices for the elimination of Salmonellae from frozen and dried proteinaceous products, such as chickens, fish meal and mixed feed. If, for reasons of analytical facility, a negative Enterobacteriaceae test for representative numbers of samples of the order of 10 g of radicidized material were preferred, the radiation dose would have to be slightly raised; the strict maximum would then amount to 1.0 Mrad, e.g. when mixed feeds, initially containing higher numbers of relatively radiation-resistant, pigmented Enterobacter strains were to be treated. No consistent, radiation-dependent, untoward effects on the experimental animals used, i.e. rats and, to a lesser extent, piglets, was detected at any of the irradiation levels tested. It is, therefore, concluded that the third evaluation step can now be undertaken, that is: tentative commercial-scale decontamination experiments in the region of production. Latin American countries like Argentina and Peru might be the most promising areas for the first tests of this sort, as they are amongst the greatest exporters of some of the commodities that are most frequently found contaminated with Salmonellae (frozen boneless horse meat, and fish and cottonseed meals), while having generally well- equipped laboratories and reasonably well-trained graduate staff available. A 50 000-Ci source of {sup 60}Co, or an X-ray machine of a similar output, may be successfully used in such test runs. Microbiological evaluation techniques for routinely controlling the efficacy of such irradiation treatments have already been worked out and tested under pilot plant conditions. Finally, wherever possible, the merits of these radicidation treatments should be experimentally compared with those of competitive, conventional processing methods, such as pelleting in the decontamination of feed ingredients; this approach would make it possible for the industries concerned to take their decisions at the completion of the first commercial-scale tests. (author) [French] La decontamination par les rayonnements, notamment celle des denrees proteiques de base a faible activite chimique de la teneur en eau est apparue comme une des premieres applications prometteuses de l'energie ionisante au traitement des denrees alimentaires destinees a la consommation humaine ou animale; les raisons en sont les suivantes: a) alteration radio chimique limitee des denrees en question; b) absence de toute proliferation microbienne apres irradiation; c) avantages techniques souvent exceptionnels, telle la possibilite d'application a des produits deja empaquetes, par exemple aux constituants de melanges alimentaires pour animaux, et la decontamination efficace sans alteration simultanee de la fraicheur, notamment dans le cas des viandes rouges et de la volaille. Comme premiere etape, on a procede anterieurement a des experiences en laboratoire en vue de determiner les diverses doses necessaires et de verifier simultanement la comestibilite apres irradiation a des doses sous-critiques. Les donnees obtenues etant fort prometteuses, on a procede ensuite a des essais dans des installations pilotes en entreprenant en meme temps une etude de la comestibilite sur des rats pendant deux annees entieres (trois generations). Ces essais ont confirme qu'une dose de l'ordre de 0,7 i 0,1 Mrad suffisait amplement pour detruire les Salmonellae dans les produits proteiques congeles ou deshydrates tels que poulets, farines de poisson ou melanges alimentaires pour animaux. Lorsque, pour des raisons de facilite d'analyse, on etait amene a preferer un test entero-bacterien negatif pour un nombre representatif d'echantillons de l'ordre de 10 g de matieres traitees par radicidation, il fallait augmenter l'egerement la dose de rayonnement; la dose maximale strictement necessaire s'elevait alors a 1,0 Mrad, par exemple lorsqu'il s'agissait de traiter des melanges alimentaires pour animaux, contenant initialement un grand nombre de souches de bacteries intestinales pigmentees a radioresistance relativement elevee. Quel que fut le niveau d'irradiation, aucun des essais n'a permis de detecter un effet radioinduit defavorable se reproduisant regulierement chez les rats et encore moins chez les jeunes potes utilises pour les experiences. On peut donc conclure qu'il est desormais possible de passer a la troisieme etape d'evaluation, c'est-a-dire aux essais de decontamination a l'echelle industrielle dans les regions productrices. Les pays d'Amerique latine, tels que l'Argentine et le Perou, peuvent presenter un grand interet pour les premiers essais de ce genre du fait qu'ils figurent parmi les plus grands exportateurs de plusieurs des produits frequemment contamines de Salmonellae (viande de cheval desossee congelee et produits a base de poisson et de grains de coton), et qu'ils disposent generalement de laboratoires bien equipes et d'un personnel diplome suffisamment competent. Au cours de ces essais on pourrait utiliser avec succes des sources de 50 000 Ci au cobalt-60 ou un appareil a rayons X d'une puissance analogue. On a d'ores et deja elabore et verifie dans des installations-pilotes des methodes d'evaluation microbiologiques permettant de controler regulierement l'efficacite de ces traitements par irradiation. Enfin, toutes les fois ou cela se revele possible, les avantages de ces traitements par radicidation devraient faire l'objet de comparaisons experimentales avec les methodes de traitement classiques competitives telles que rechauffement par agglomeration dans le'cas de la decontamination des constituants de produits alimentaires pour animaux; cette maniere de proceder permettra en outre aux industries interessees de prendre leurs decisions apres achevement des premiers essais a l'echelle commerciale. (author) [Spanish] La radiodescontaminacion de los alimentos proteicos basicos de escaso contenido de agua residual parece ser una de las primeras aplicaciones interesantes de las radiaciones al tratamiento de los alimentos del hombre y de los animales debido a las pocas alteraciones radioquimicas producidas en los alimentos tratados, a la ausencia de una proliferacion microbiana subsiguiente a la irradiacion, y a ciertasiventajas tecnologicas inherentes a ese procedimiento: la posibilidad de tratar productos ya empaquetados (mezclas de ingredientes de alimentos para animales) y la eficacia de la decontaminacion sin que los alimentos dejen de ser frescos, como en el caso de la carne roja y de la carne blanca. Para empezar se efectuaron experimentos de laboratorio con objeto de determinar la escala de las dosis y se llevaron a cabo algunos ensayos sobre comestibilidad. Como los resultados experimentales fueron muy prometedores, se hicieron ensayos en planta piloto y los estudios sobre comestibilidad se extendieron a dos anos utilizando tres generaciones de ratas. Estos ensayos confirmaron que una dosis del orden de 0,7 {+-} 0,1 Mrad basta para eliminar las Salmonellae de los productos proteicos congelados y deshidratados: pollos, harina de pescado, mezclas de alimentos para animales. Si por razones de comodidad analitica, se prefiriese un ensayo negativo de Enterobacteriaciae para un numero representativo de muestras del orden de 10 g de sustancias radicidadas, habria que aumentar algo la dosis, que seria entonces de 1,0 Mrad como maximo, para las mezclas de alimentos destinados a los animales, que en principio contienen un numero mas elevado de cepas pigmentadas de Enterobacteriaciae relativamente radiorresistentes. Con las dosis ensayadas no se ha observado ningun efecto perjudicial de las radiaciones en los animales de laboratorio utilizados (ratas y, en menor medida, cerdos jovenes). Puede iniciarse ya la tercera etapa, que consistira en experimentos de descontaminacion en escala comercial efectuados en las zonas de produccion. Algunos paises latinoamericanos tales como la Argentina y el Peru podrian ser las regiones mas adecuadas para efectuar los primeros ensayos de esta indole, pues figuran entre los mayores exportadores de algunos de los productos que con frecuencia estan contaminados por las Salmonellae (carne de caballo congelada y desosada, harinas de pescado y de semilla de algodon), y al mismo tiempo disponen de laboratorios bien equipados y de personal competente. Para estos ensayos puede utilizarse con exito una fuente de {sup 60}Co de 50 000 Ci o un aparato de rayos X de capacidad analoga. Se han elaborado ya, o se estan ensayando en planta piloto, algunas techicas de evaluacion microbiologica para controlar la eficacia de este tipo de irradiacion. Por ultimo, siempre que sea posible, habra que comparar experimentalmente las ventajas de esta radicidacion con otros metodos tradicionales de tratamiento, por ejemplo, la descontaminacion por el calor al fabricar aglomerados con ingredientes de los alimentos de animales. Esto permitira que las industrias interesadas tomen sus decisiones al terminar los primeros ensayos en escala comercial. (author) [Russian] Radiacionnaja dezaktivacija, osobenno belkovyh osnovnyh pishhevyh produktov nizkoj vodnoj aktivnosti, kak predstavljalos', dolzhna byla ispol'zovat'sja v kachestve odnogo iz pervyh primenenij ionizirujushhej jenergii v obrabotke pishhevyh produktov i furazha v silu a) ogranichennogo radiohimicheskogo povrezhdenija sootvetstvujushhih predmetov potreblenija; b) otsutstvija mikrobnoj proliferacii posle obluchenija; v) nekotoryh, chasto edinstvennyh v svoem rode, tehnologicheskih preimushhestv, kak, naprimer, primenimosti k uzhe upakovannym materialam, naprimer, k komponentam smeshannogo furazha, i jeffektivnoj dezaktivacii bez odnovremennoj poteri svezhesti, chto imeet mesto v sluchae s obychnym mjasom i mjasom domashnej pticy. V kachestve pervogo shaga byli provedeny laboratornye opyty po opredeleniju diapazona doz v jetoj oblasti odnovremenno s pochti maksimal'nym ispytaniem na sohranenie vkusovyh i pitatel'nyh kachestv. Poskol'ku rezul'taty jetih opytov javljalis' ves'ma obnadezhivajushhimi, byli provedeny opytnye ispytanija, hotja odnovremenno nauchnye issledovanija na sohranenie vkusovyh i pitatel'nyh kachestv byli prodleny na polnye dva goda, i prove- . deny opyty na treh pokolenijah krys. V hode jetih opytov bylo podtverzhdeno, chto doza porjadka 0,7{+-}0,1 megarad ves'ma dostatochna dlja udalenija salmonelly iz zamorozhennyh i zasushennyh belkovyh produktov, kak, naprimer, kurjatiny, rybnoj muki i smeshannogo furazha. Esli po prichinam analiticheskogo haraktera nuzhno bylo otdat' predpochtenie otricatel'nomu jenterobakterial'nomu ispytaniju dlja znachitel'nogo chisla obrazcov porjadka 10 g materiala, podvergnutogo dejstviju ionizirujushhego izluchenija, doza izluchenija dolzhna byla byt' neskol'ko uvelichena; strogaja maksimal'naja doza dolzhna sostavljat' v takom sluchae 1,0 megarad, naprimer, esli nuzhno obrabotat' smeshannyj furazh, pervonachal'no soderzhavshij bol'shoe chislo otnositel'no ustojchivyh k izlucheniju, pigmentirovannyh jenterobakterial'nyh vidov. Ni na odnom iz ispytannyh urovnej obluchenija ne bylo zafiksirovano postojannoe, radiacionno zavisimoe, neblagoprijatnoe'vozdejstvie na'po'dopytnyhzhivotnyh, naprimer,krysah i v men'shej stepeni - na porosjatah. Pojetomu delaetsja vyvod, chto teper' mozhno osushhestvit' tret'ju stupen' ocenki, kak-to: (probnye opyty po dezaktivacii na kommercheskoj osnove v rajone proizvodstva. Vozmozhno, chto latinoamerikanskie strany, kak, naprimer, Argentina i Peru, javljajutsja naibolee podhodjashhimi rajonami dlja provedenija pervyh ispytanij takogo roda, poskol'ku oni vhodjat v chislo samyh krupnyh jeksporterov nekotoryh predmetov potreblenija, kotorye chasto byvajut zarazheny salmonelloj (zamorozhennoe konskoe mjaso bez kostej, a takzhe rybnaja muka i muka iz semjan hlopka), i raspolagajut, kak pravilo, horosho oborudovannymi laboratorijami i otnositel'no horosho podgotovlennymi kadrami. Istochnik kobal't-60 v 50 000 kjuri ili rentgenovskaja ustanovka analogichnoj moshhnosti mogut uspeshno primenjat'sja pri provedenii takih ispytanij. Metody mikrobiologicheskoj ocenki dlja obychnogo kontrolja za dejstvennost'ju takoj obrabotki posredstvom obluchenija uzhe razrabotany i ispytany v opytnyh uslovijah. Nakonec, tam, gde jeto vozmozhno, v jeksperimental'nom porjadke sleduet sravnit' preimushhestva takoj obrabotki s preimushhestvami konkurentosposobnyh, obychnyh metodov obrabotki, kak, naprimer, granulirovaniem v sluchae dezaktivacii furazha; takoj podhod dast vozmozhnost' sootvetstvujushhim otrasljam promyshlennosti sdelat' svoi vyvody uzhe pri zavershenii pervyh ispytanij na kommercheskoj osnove. (author)

  4. Liquid Scintillation Detection of Tritium and other Radioisotopes in Insoluble or Quenching Organic Samples; Detection par compteur a scintillations a liquides du tritium et des autres radioelements contenus dans des echantillons organiques insolubles ou coupeurs; Obnaruzhenie tritiya metodom zhidkostnoj stsintillyatsii v nerastvorimykh ili sposo'nykh gasit' izluchenie organicheskikh o'raztsakh; Deteccion del tritio u otros radioisotopos por centelleo liquido en muestras organicas insolubles o que provocan extincion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Eastham, J F; Westbrook, H L; Gonzales, D [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

    1962-01-15

    las sustancias organicas, a saber, el recuento por centelleos de liquidos. Estos inconvenientes, que son la extincion del centelleo producida por. muchas muestras organicas y la escasa solubilidad de otras, son particularmente frecuentes en las sustancias de importancia biologica. El procedimiento ideado por los autores consiste en lo siguiente: combustion de la muestra, envuelta en papel de filtro, en un matraz lleno de oxigeno; disolucion de los productos de combustion en un disolvente adecuado que se introduce en el matraz antes de la combustion, y recuento por centelleo de la actividad de la solucion. Ademas de superar los inconvenientes mencionados, este procedimiento posee otras ventajas: eficacia con muestras de actividades muy diversas (algunas, tan baja como 1{mu}c/M), precision (tan elevada como la de cualquier otro metodo general de radioanalisis del {sup 3}H) y posibilidad de aplicarlo a otros emisores beta blandos ({sup 14}C y {sup 35}S). Con un espectrometro de centelleo y merced al procedimiento ideado, es posible efectuar un radioanalisis diferencial de muestras marcadas con tres indicadores ({sup 3}H, {sup 14}C y {sup 35}S). Los autores describen con detalle las tecnicas y los sistemas de disolventes utilizados. Asimismo, exponen los resultados obtenidos en el analisis de sustancias que provocan extincion, como 2,4- dinitrofenilhidrazona s y colorantes de tiazol, y de sustancias insolubles, como proteinas e hidratos de carbono. Estudian la aplicacion de estas tecnicas al analisis de los efectos isotopicos {sup 1}H/{sup 3}H en ciertas reacciones de reduccion. (author) [Russian] CHtoby oblegchit' izuchenie vliyaniya izotopa H{sup 1}/H{sup 3} na vosstanovlenie organicheskikh soedinenij neobkhodimo bylo razrabotat' protsedury dlya preodoleniya dvukh osnovnykh ogranichenij v naibolee udobnom obshchem metode izmereniya radioaktivnosti organicheskikh veshchestv posredstvom zhidkostnogo stsintillyatora . EHti ogranicheniya, kotorymi yavlyayutsya

  5. Management of Waste from the Use of Radioisotopes; Divers Aspects Resultant de l'Utilisation des Isotopes Radioactifs; 0423 0414 0410 041b 0415 041d 0418 0415 041e 0422 0425 041e 0414 ; Diversos Aspectos Relacionados con los Desechos Procedentes del Empleo de Radioisotopos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rogers, Lester R. [Radiation Safety Branch, Division of Licensing and Regulation, United States Atomic Energy Commission (United States)

    1960-07-01

    atomnoj jenergii dlja hranenija ili zahoronenija; 5. Szhiganie othodov; i 6. Udalenie v morja othodov v kontejnerah. Budut rassmotreny kriterii i reglamentacionnye trebovanija, primenjaemye k kazhdomu metodu udalenija othodov dlja dostizhenija takogo polozhenija, chtoby predotvratit' popadanie opasnyh kolichestv radioaktivnosti v pishhu cheloveka ili neblagoprijatnoe vlijanie na ispol'zovanie chelovekom okruzhajushhej sredy. Budut obsuzhdeny ogranichenija tipov, kolichestv i metodov udalenija othodov, na kotorye chastnym koncernam neobhodimo imet' razreshenie v svjazi s dlitel'nym harakterom otvetstvennosti po soderzhaniju mest zahoronenija ili oborudovanija dlja hranenija radioaktivnyh othodov. (author)

  6. Economic Aspects of Air and Gas Cleaning for Nuclear Energy Processes; Aspects Economiques de l'Epuration de l'Air et des Gaz au Cours des Operations Nucleaires; 042d 041a 041e 041d 041e 0414 0; Aspectos Economicos de la Depuracion del Aire y de los Gases en los Procesos de Obtencion de Energia Nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silverman, Leslie [Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (United States)

    1960-07-01

    rasprostranjat'sja kontrol' s umerennymi rashodami. ch Dovol'no podrobno opisyvajutsja faktory, svjazannye s kapital'nymi i jekspluatacionnymi rashodami oborudovanija po ochistke gaza, a takzhe primenjaemye v SShA metody. Udalenie gazov osushhestvljalos' i kontrolirovalos' pri pomoshhi neskol'kih tipov priborov. Odnako jeti meroprijatija provodilis' na sravnitel'noj osnove. Takim obrazom stalo bolee ili menee vozmozhnym sudit' ob jekspluatacionnyh harakteristikah na jekonomicheskoj osnove v sochetanii s takimi problemami, kak potreblenie jenergii, stoimost' adsorbentov, stoimost' pomeshhenij, korrozija i drugie jekspluatacionnye faktory. Komissija po atomnoj jenergii Soedinennyh Shtatov po kontraktu s laboratoriej po ochistke vozduha pri Garvardskom universitete razrabotala programmu ocenki; dlja jetogo Komissija vospol'zovalas' razlichnymi uslugami zavodov i podrjadchikov. V jetom issledovanii namecheny osnovnye faktory, neobhodimye dlja poluchenija dannyh o kolichestvennoj stoimosti; budut predstavleny nekotorye predvaritel'nye rezul'taty. V doklade takzhe daetsja obzor drugih jekonomicheskih issledovanij, kotorye provodjatsja v Soedinennyh Shtatah, v otnoshenii konkretnyh processov ili primenjaemogo oborudovanija. (author)

  7. Excretion of radium in relation to dietary intake; Excretion de radium en fonction de l'ingestion alimentaire; Vydelenie radiya v zavisimosti ot priema ego s pishchej; Excrecion de radio en relacion con su absorcion con los alimentos y el agua

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Turner, R. C. [Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

    1963-02-15

    srednej velichiny potrebleniya radiya odnim chelovekom iz ehtikh istochnikov sredi ryada professional'nykh grupp, ravno kak sredi grupp naseleniya razlichnykh rajonov strany. Nesmotrya na shirokij interval velichin aktivnosti produktov pitaniya, srednie velichiny priema malo otlichayutsya drug ot druga u raznykh grupp, pri ehtom oni koleblyutsya mezhdu 2 i 3 mmkkyuri na cheloveka v den'. Soderkhanie radiya v pit'evoj vode v Anglii menyaetsya v diapazone koehffitsientov ot 250 do 1, no v bol'shinstve sluchaev absolyutnye urovni nastol'ko nizki po sravneniyu s urovnem v osnovnykh produktakh pitaniya, chto srednie velichiny potrebleniya radiya s vodoj sostavlyayut lish' 5 - 6% ot srednikh obshchikh kolichestv radiya, pogloshchaemogo kazhdym individuumom. Lish' v odnom rajone strany, v kotorom -prozhivaet men'she odnogo protsenta vsego naseleniya, dnevnoe potreblenie radiya s vodoj prevyshaet potreblenie ego s pishchej. Izmereniya vydelenij s isprazhneniyami v rezul'tate normal'nogo priema pishchi pokazyvaet, chto u vzroslykh molodykh lyudej srednee kolichestvo radiya-226, vydelyaemogo takim putem, sostavlyaet 2-2,5 mmkkyuri v den'. Ehta tsifra soglasuetsya s vychislennymi dannymi srednego dnevnogo priema. Issledovaniya metabolizma u lyudej pokazyvayut, chto bol'shaya chast' sutochnogo kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo s pishchej, vydelyaetsya v techenie 24 - 48 chasov, no popytki opredelit' fraktsionnoe uderzhanie radiya u vzroslykh privodyat k neodinakovym rezul'tatam. Izmereniya velichin dnevnogo priema i vydeleniya s isprazhneniyami u malen'kikh detej v techenie 33 dnej ukazyvayut na to, chto uderzhanie radiya v periody aktivnogo rosta kostej mozhet sostavlyat' do 10% ili bolee ot obshchego kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo vnutr'. (author)

  8. Catalytic Activity and Nuclear Radiation; L'activite catalytique et les rayonnements nucleaires; Kataliticheskaya aktivnost' i yadernoe izluchenie; La actividad catalitica y las radiaciones nucleares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Turkevich, J.; Ikawa, T.; Nozaki, F.; Stamires, D. [Princeton University, N.J (United States)

    1963-11-15

    , soderzhavshikh razlichnoe kolichestvo dekationirovannykh tsentrov ot nulya do sta protsen- tov, schitaya na iskhodnoe soderzhanie natriya. Kataliticheskuyu aktivnost' ehtikh dvukh tipov katalizatorov opredelyali do i posle gamma-oblucheniya, issleduya kinetiku razlozheniya kumola v benzole i propilene, provodya izomerizatsiyu dvojnykh svyazej butena-1 v buten-2 i provodya reaktsii obmena mekhdu vodorodom i dejteriem. Chislo aktivnykh tsentrov opredelyali po vozrastavshemu otravleniyu, primenyaya khinolin, i takim obrazom kharakterizovali aktivnost', prikhodyashchuyusya na tsentr. Veshchestva izucheny takzhe putem izmereniya ehlektronno-spinovogo rezonansa adsorbirovannykh ehlektronno-perenosyashchikh agentov, kak, naprimer, trifenilamin, perilen i simmetrichnyj difenilehtilen. Bylo najdeno, chto sposobnost' k perenosu ehlektronov sootvetstvuet kataliticheskoj aktivnosti. Dlya vyyasneniya prirody aktivnykh tsentrov ispol'zovali protonnyj rezonans adsorbirovannoj vody. (author)

  9. The Self-Correlation Function of Real Gases; Fonction d'Autocorrelation des Gaz Reels; 0424 0423 041d 041a 0426 0418 042f 0421 0410 041c 041e 041a 041e 0420 0420 0415 041b 042f 0426 0418 0418 0420 0415 0410 041b 042c 041d 042b 0425 0413 0410 0417 041e 0412 ; La Funcion de Autocorrelacion de los Gases Reales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sigmar, D. J. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technical University of Vienna Vienna (Austria)

    1965-06-15

    autocorrelacion {gamma}{sub s}(K, t) para tiempos breves, incluido el primer termino no gaussiano. El desarrollo en racimo cesa despues del primer termino de interaccion, de forma que los resultados solo son validos para densidades bajas. Pero aun asi aparecen en cada coeficiente muchos tipos diferentes de racimos que contienen hasta siete puntos. En cuanto al potencial, se admite la hipotesis de un nucleo rigido formado por dos particulas. Como han demostrado Singwi y sus col., el comportamiento a largo plazo de {gamma}{sub s} viene determinado por la integral, respecto del tiempo, de la autocorrelacion de la velocidad; {integral}{sup {infinity}}{sub 0} {sub T}dt. Con el fin de determinar el integrando correspondiente a cualquier tiempo, se puede recurrir al desarrollo en racimo cuando t es pequefio, y aceptar la teoria de la difusion de Langevin en los casos en que t es grande. Se estan realizando calculos numericos. (author) [Russian] V formal'noj teorii neuprugogo rassejanija nejtronov funkcija samokorreljacii vyvedena v sredne-statisticheskih proizvodnyh vzaimodejstvie-potencial N-tela rasseivatelja. V dannom doklade jeti srednie znachenija opredeljajutsja dlja real'nyh gazov razlozheniem na gruppy, svjazannym s metodom Majera-Ursellja. Jeto privodit k polucheniju nekotoryh nelinejnyh tipov grupp, kotorye izuchajutsja v otnoshenii topologii graf, ih mnogokratnosti (metodami kombinatornogo analiza) i ih kvadratury. Kak predpolagaetsja v svjazi s problemoj mnogih tel, nekotorye iz grupp nerazdelimy, i ih neobhodimo integrirovat' s pomosh'ju schetno-reshajushhih mashin. Takim putem rasschityvaetsja funkcija samokorreljacii {gamma}{sub s}(K, t) dlja korotkih promezhutkov vremeni, v tom chisle i pervyj negaussovskij chlen. Razlozhenie na gruppy preryvaetsja posle pervogo chlena, vyrazhajushhego vzaimodejstvie, tak chto rezul'taty spravedlivy tol'ko dlja nizkoj plotnosti. Jeto tem ne menee privodit k samym razlichnym tipam grupp, v kotoryh soderzhitsja do

  10. Planned Procedures for Fast Determination of Radiation Levels and Personnel Dosimetry in Connection with Radiological Accidents; Methodes de Dosimetrie Rapide du Personnel en Cas d'Accident Radiologique; 041f 041b 0410 041d 0414 ; Servicio Organizado de Determinacion Rapida de los Niveles de Radiacion y de Dosimetria del Personal en Caso de Accidente Radiologico

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Edvardsson, K. -A.; Wahlberg, T. [AB Atomenergi, Studsvik (Sweden)

    1965-06-15

    'ju. Jeta organizacija imeet svoju shtab- kvartiru, v kotoroj hranitsja oborudovanie i kotoraja imeet razlichnye vidy vnutrennih i vneshnih kommunikacij. Dlja opredelenija stepeni obluchenija neobhodimo poluchit' kak mozhno skoree predvaritel'nye dannye o moshhnosti dozy vneshnego i vnutrennego obluchenija i dovol'no tochno izmerit' stepen' obluchenija kazhdogo cheloveka, imejushhego otnoshenie k avarij, v techenie priemlemogo sroka. Special'nye gruppy po opredeleniju doz obluchenija obsledujut mesto avarii, chtoby imet' obshhuju ocenku o razmerah opasnosti. Jeti gruppy nachinajut dejstvovat' srazu zhe posle poluchenija signala trevogi. Oni imejut pri sebe portativnye pribory i peredvigajutsja na mashinah po opredelennym dorogam v meste raspolozhenija ustanovki. Prakticheskaja proverka pokazala, chto shtab-kvartira poluchaet rezul'taty obsledovanija ot jetih grupp v techenie 10 - 15 minut posle signala o radiacionnoj opasnosti, i na osnove jetih rezul'tatov mozhno sostavit' horoshee predstavlenie ob urovnjah radiacii vnutri i snaruzhi razlichnyh zdanij. Portativnoe oborudovanie vkljuchaet ustrojstva dlja vzjatija prob vozduha s krajne neznachitel'nym vremenem otbora prob, kotorye dejstvujut na osnove principa vozdushnogo jezhektora. Individual'nye vneshnie dozy opredeljajutsja na osnove jekspozicij fotoplenki, dozimetra kritichnosti, aktivacii i analiza aktivnosti volos i krovi. Vnutrennee zagrjaznenie opredeljaetsja posredstvom izmerenija aktivnosti vsego tela i radiometricheskim analizom jekskrementov. S cel'ju opredelenija polej radiacii, sozdannyh v rezul'tate avarii, rjad ustanovlennyh kontrol'nyh postov osnashhaetsja dozimetrami razlichnyh tipov, kotorye takzhe zamerjajutsja srazu zhe posle gipoteticheskoj avarii. (author)

  11. Quantitative Studies of the Reactions of Hot Tritium Atoms with Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Mixtures; Etudes Quantitatives des Reactions des Atomes Chauds de Tritium avec les Hydrocarbures et les Melanges d'Hydrocarbures; Kolichestvennoe issledovanie reaktsij goryachikh atomov tritiya s gidrouglerodami i smesyami gidrouglerodov; Estudio Cuantitativo de las Reacciones de Atomos de Tritio Calientes con Hidrocarburos y Mezclas de Hidrocarburos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Urch, D. S.; Welch, M. J. [Department Of Chemistry, Queen Mary College. University of London, London (United Kingdom)

    1965-04-15

    zamedlitelem i bez nego; jetan i tetrametilmetan s gelievym zamedlitelem i bez nego. Vychisljajutsja velichiny a i I dlja treh reagirujushhih veshhestv iz jetih treh tipov sistemy i obsuzhdaetsja soglasie mezhdu rezul'tatami s tochki zrenija tochnosti modeli. Rezul'taty, poluchennye iz razlichnyh sistem, soglasujutsja v ramkah predelov jeksperimental'noj oshibki, i jeto pokazyvaet, chto model' kineticheskoj teorii mozhet primenjat'sja k sistemam gorjachih atomov s nekotoroj opredelennost'ju i chto sdelannye predpolozhenija pri rassmotrenii smesej javljajutsja razumnymi. Kojefficienty reaktivnosti gidrouglerodov v smesjah v otnoshenii reakcij zameshhenija ne javljajutsja temi zhe samymi, kak sootnoshenija chisla atomov vodoroda v gidrouglerodah. Poluchennye velichiny dlja jetih kojefficientov ob{sup j}asnjajutsja velichinami I i S (poperechnoe sechenie stolknovenija) dlja gidrouglerodov. (author)

  12. Some Applications of Surface Barrier Solid-State Detectors for Alpha-Activity Detection and Measurement; Quelques Applications des Detecteurs a Semi-Conducteurs a Barriere de Surface pour Deceler et Mesurer l'Activite Alpha; Nekotorye vidy primeneniya detektorov tverdogo sostoyaniya s poverkhnostnym bar'erom dlya izmereniya i obnaruzheniya al'fa-aktivnosti; Aplicaciones de los Detectores de Semiconductores de Barrera Superficial a la Deteccion y Medicion de Emisores Alfa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Perry, K. E.G. [Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, Dorset (United Kingdom)

    1965-10-15

    amplitudy impul'sov, privodjashhie v dejstvie dva reguliruemye mehanicheskie zapisyvajushhie ustrojstva, prichem uroven' diskriminacii reguliruetsja takim obrazom, chtoby zahvatit' pik al'fa-chastic, izluchaemyh plutoniem-239. Dlja analiza jenergij s ochen' bol'shim razresheniem (bolee 1%) proba izmerjaetsja v vakuume pri pomoshhi special'no podobrannogo detektora tverdogo sostojanija, a vyhod postupaet v mnogokanal'nyj analizator. Soobshhajutsja podrobnye svedenija otnositel'no jetogo oborudovanija i poluchennyh s ego pomoshh'ju rezul'tatov. Oborudovanie novoj konstrukcii dlja avtomaticheskogo opredelenija al'fa-izluchenij pri pomoshhi detektora tverdogo sostojanija primenjajutsja dlja dozimetricheskogo kontrolja nad bumazhnymi fil'trami, sobiraemymi iz individual'nyh priborov po otboru prob vozduha, nosimyh na sebe personalom, obrashhajushhimsja s plutoniem. Jeto oborudovanie avtomaticheski proschityvaet kazhdyj iz 12 bumazhnyh fil'trov, sobrannyh za ustanovlennyj promezhutok vremeni, i otpechatyvaet zaregistrirovannoe obshhee chislo schetov. Jeto oborudovanie snabzheno takzhe konturom dlja posledovatel'nogo analiza, kotoryj ochen' bystro daet ukazanie o tom, prevysila li aktivnost' proby zaranee ustanovlennyj uroven' ili net. Jetot zhe samyj metod mozhet byt' legko prisposoblen k izmereniju prob v shirokom diapazone pri dozimetricheskom obsledovanii. Detektory tverdogo sostojanija nahodjat takzhe shirokoe primenenie v zondah razlichnyh tipov dlja obshhego dozimetricheskogo kontrolja nad al'fa-izluchenijami; byli skonstruirovany zondy s chuvstvitel'noj poverhnost'ju ot 12 do 18 sm{sup 2}. Detektory s maloj poverhnost'ju polezny dlja obnaruzhenija pjaten zagrjaznenija na poverhnosti tela, t.k. prochnost', nechuvstvitel'nost' k svetu i prostota vspomogatel'nogo oborudovanija delaet ih bolee udobnymi po sravneniju s detektorami drugih tipov (naprimer, scintilljacionnye schetchiki). Eshhe odnoj vazhnoj privlekatel'noj chertoj detektorov tverdogo sostojanija javljaetsja to

  13. Control Methods Used in the Department of Metallurgy for Structure and Fuel Elements; Methodes de Controle Utilisees au Departement de Metallurgie pour les Elements de Structure et les Elements Combustibles; Metody kontrolya struktury toplivnykh ehlementov v departamente metallurgii; Metodos de Control Utilizados en el Departamento de Metalurgia para los Elementos Estructurales y Combustibles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Destribats, Marie-Therese; Allain, C.; Prot, A.; Thome, P. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

    1965-09-15

    metodos se han desarrollado con miras a su utilizacion industrial. Algunos de ellos se aplican ya corrientemente durante la fabricacion; otros se utilizaran proximamente y el resto es susceptible de aplicacion a mas largo plazo. (author) [Russian] Nachatoe v KAJe izuchenie razlichnyh tipov reaktorov privelo k ispol'zovaniju i razrabotke mnogih metodov nedestruktivnogo kontrolja razlichnyh materialov, v chastnosti radiografii, gammagrafii, ul'trazvukovyh voln i metoda tokov Fuko. Nizhe govoritsja o kontrole v processe stroitel'stva reaktorov sistemy EDF (grafit- gaz), EL4 (tjazhelaja voda) i izgotovlenija sovmestno prokatannyh jelementov. Vydeleny nekotorye harakternee momenty jetih razlichnyh metodov, chast' kotoryh horosho izvestna. Sistema EDF: izmerenie tolshhiny stenok trub iz urana ili iz uranovogo splava ul'trazvukom; vyjavlenie polostej v jetih trubkah s pomosh'ju gammagrafii; kontrol' za termicheskoj obrabotkoj ul'trazvukom jetih trub; izuchenie defektov (vkraplenija, treshhiny) ul'trazvukom v slitkah i zagotovkah obolochek iz MgZr; kontrol' za germetichnost'ju toplivnyh jelementov s pomoshh'ju gelija. Sistema EL 4: izmerenie tolshiny stenok silovyh trub i napravljajushhih trub iz cirkal- loja s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka i tokov Fuko; proverka s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka trub iz cirkal- loja, rasschitannyh na davlenie, i trubchatogo pokrytija iz nerzhavejushhej stali; vakuumnaja radiografija obolochek iz Be; kontrol' germetichnosti sterzhnej s pomoshh'ju gelija. Sovmestno prokatannye jelementy: izmerenie tolshhiny pokrytija pul'sirujushhimi tokami Fuko; vyjavlenie polozhenija serdechnika po otnosheniju k trubam i plastinkam s pomoshh'ju radiografii, scheta gamma-chastic i pul'sirujushhih tokov Fuko; kontrol' za gomogennost'ju topliva metodom scheta gamma-chastic; obnaruzhenie treshhin v slitkah iz ZrU s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka i gammagrafii; vyjavlenie otsloennyh uchastkov plastinok s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka, pul'sirujushhih tokov Fuko, a takzhe izmerenie udel

  14. Chemical Effects of Nuclear Recoil in Organic Halide Systems: A New Theoretical Treatment and Experimental Verification of the Theory; Effets Chimiques du Recul Nucleaire dans des Systemes Organiques Halogenes: Nouveau Traitement Theorique et Verification Experimentale de la Theorie; Khimicheskie vozdejstviya yadernoj otdachi v organicheskikh galoidnykh sistemakh: novoe teoreticheskoe tolkovanie i ehksperimental'noe podtverzhdenie teorii; Efectos Quimicos del Retroceso Nuclear en Sistemas de Haluros Organicos: Nuevo Tratamiento Teorico y Verificacion Experimental de la Teoria

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kontis, S. S.; Sanitwongs, P.; Weston, M. [Londonderry Laboratory for Radiochemistry, University of Durham, Durham (United Kingdom)

    1965-04-15

    vide dvuh tipov parametrov, a imenno: 1) frakcionnaja vozmozhnost' togo, chto stolknovenie gorjachego atoma radioaktivnogo galogena s kakoj-to opredelennoj molekuloj privedet k uderzhaniju gorjachego atoma v toj molekule; 2) verhnie i nizhnie predely jenergij dlja tak nazyvaemogo gorjachego atoma broma. Pokazyvaetsja, kak pervyj tip parametra mozhet byt' vyveden iz jeksperimentov s binarnymi smesjami organicheskogo galoidnogo soedinenija i sootvetstvujushhego svobodnogo galogena: vtoroj tip parametra dolzhen vyvodit'sja iz jadernyh i himicheskih dannyh. Jeti metody proverjalis' s pomoshh'ju issledovanij na sistemah C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} i C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}. Vychislennye uderzhanija (s ispol'zovaniem parametrov, vyvedennyh iz issledovanij sistem C{sub 2}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}, CCl{sub 4}/Br{sub 2} i C{sub 6}H{sub 5}Br/Br{sub 2}) horosho soglasujutsja s uderzhanijami, najdennymi jeksperimental'no v smesjah s frakciej grammolekuly broma bol'she 0,1. Takim obrazom, polagajut, chto mehanizm Libbi javljaetsja podhodjashhim dlja ob'jasnenija nabljudaemyh organicheskih uderzhanij v takih smesjah. Esli frakcija grammolekuly broma opuskaetsja nizhe OD, nabljudaemye uderzhanija stanovjatsja v progressivnoj stepeni vyshe, chem rasschitannye velichiny. Jeto ob{sup j}asnjaetsja dopolnitel'nymi vidami mecheni* gorjachih atomov, kotorye stanovjatsja dejstvujushhimi, esli koncentracija broma ne javljaetsja dostatochno vysokoj, chtoby dat' sootvetstvujushhuju ochistku radikala. (author)

  15. Effects of Monoenergetic Neutron Radiation on Human Cells in Tissue Culture; Effets des Neutrons Monoenergetiques sur des Cellules de Tissus Humains en Culture; Dejstvie oblucheniya monoehnergeticheskimi nejtronami na kletki kul'tury tkanej cheloveka; Efectos de la Radiacion Neutronica Monoenergetica sobre las Celulas Humanas en Cultivos de Tejidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Broerse, J. J.; Barendsen, G. W. [Radiobiological Institute of the Organization for Health Research TNO, Rijswijk (Z.H.) (Netherlands)

    1964-03-15

    sharikov, pomeshhennyh sootvetstvenno mezhdu chashkami i trubkami. R a sche t dozy nejtronnogo potoka predstavljal rjad problem, kotorye obsuzhdajutsja. Poskol'ku ne sushhestvuet ravnomernogo obluchenija kletok, izuchajutsja rezul'tirujushhie netochnosti pri opredelenijah dozy. Privodjatsja krivye zavisimosti vyzhivanija ot dozy dlja oboih tipov nejtronov. Dlja nejtronov s jenergiej 3 Mjev otnositel'naja biologicheskaja jeffektivnost' sostavljala ot 6,5 pri malyh dozah do primerno 3,1 pri vysokih d o zah , v to vremja kak dlja nejtronov s jenergiej 15 Mjev velichiny OBJe ko lebalas' ot 1,9 do 1,6. Putem sravnenija jetih velichin OBJe s s o otnosheniem O B Je-LP Je , poluchennym v predydushhih jeksperimentah s dejtronami i al'f a - chasticami, mozhno opredelit' jeffektivnoe LPJe dlja nejtronov, ispol'zovannyh v jeksperimente. Dlja reshenija nekotoryh problem, svjazannyh so smert'ju jeksperimental'nyh zhivotnyh posle rentgenovskogo ili nejtronnogo obluchenija, byl razrabotan metod, s pomoshh'ju kotorogo kletki, soderzhashhiesja v nebol'shih trubkah, ispol'zujutsja dlja izmerenija jeffektivnoj dozy (t.e. dozy, dlja kotoroj vneseny popravki na OBJe) v uchastkah fantomov ili t el zhivotnyh, predstavljajushhih interes. (author)

  16. Review of Development Status of Nuclear Superheat; Expose sur l'etat actuel des travaux concernant la surchauffe nucleaire; Obzor razrabotki voprosa o yadernykh peregrevatelyakh; Estudio de los progresos realizados en niateria de sobrecalentamiento nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Imhoff, D. H.; Pennington, R. T. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    nuclear utilizado en el sobrecalentador, evaluaciones de la corrosion uniforme y localizada, tanto en el interior como en el exterior del reactor, resultados de experimentos criticos de sobrecalentamiento termico, y de las comprobaciones experimentales de transmision de calor; por ultimo, examen sucinto de las ventajas economicas que, segun los estudios, presentan los reactores de sobrecalentador separado, los reactores de sobrecalentador integrado y los reactores con sobrecalentamiento de espectro mixto. b) Breve descripcion del programa ESADA-VESR de desarrollo de combustibles para sobrecalentamiento nuclear, patrocinado por la Comision de Energia Atomica. Examen de los trabajos de investigacion, del diseflo de los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del sobrecalentador, de la gama de variables experimentales y de los resultados previstos para el programa trienal de desarrollo del combustible. (author) [Russian] Nachinaya s 1959 goda kompaniya ''Dzheneral Ehlektrik'' aktivno zanimalas' provedeniem raboty v oblasti yadernogo peregreva na reaktorakh s zamedlitelem iz obychnoj vody. Za ehtot period v SSHA vpervye byl proizveden yadernyj peregretyj par v khode provedeniya usovershenstvovannogo demonstratsionnogo ehksperimenta s peregrevom cha ustanovke SADE. Ehtot proekt finansirovalsya kompaniej. Nyneshnee sostoyanie s yadernym peregrevom podrazdelyaetsya na dve glavnye kategorii. Pervaya yavlyaetsya opisaniem trekh osnovnykh ustanovok po oblucheniyu peregretogo topliva, ispol'zuemykh kompaniej ''Dzheneral ehlektrik'', i vtoraya - opisaniem dvukh glavnykh razrabotannykh programm deyatel'nosti, vmeste s obzorom po sostoyaniyu na segodnyashnij den' znachitel'nykh rezul'tatov razvitiya v oblasti peregreva. 1. Glavnye usovershenstvovannye ustanovki: a) Daehtsya kratkoe opisanie ehksperimenta (SADE) na Vallesitosskom reaktore s kipyashchej vodoj (VBWR), privodyatsya tablitsy ehkspluatatsionnykh uslovij, dannye o toplivnykh ehlementakh, obluchennykh v period mezhdu maem

  17. The Role of Exponential and PCTR Experiments at Hanford in the Design of Large Power Reactors; Roles Respectifs des Experiences Exponentielles et du Reacteur d'Etude des Constantes Physiques de Hanford dans les Etudes de Grands Reacteurs de Puissance; Znachenie ehksponentsial'nykh opytov i opytov na reaktore PCTR pri proektirovanii bol'shikh ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov v khehnforde; Papel de los Experimentos Exponenciales y del Reactor PCTR de Hanford en el Proyecto de Grandes Reactores de Potencia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Heineman, R. E. [General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

    1964-02-15

    - metrov reaktora dlja razlichnyh tipov razmnozhajushhej sredy. Jeksponencial'nye reaktory primenjalis' posle togo, kak byl postroen reaktor PCTR, dazhe nesmotrja na to, chto polnost'ju dostigalis' preimushhestva, neobhodimye dlja reaktora PCTR. Rassmatrivajutsja i sopostav- ljajutsja harakternye dannye dlja jetih dvuh ustanovok na predmet ispol'zovanija pri proekti- rovanii jenergeticheskih reaktorov i modernizacii sushhestvujushhih issledovatel'skih reakto- rov i ustanovok dlja podgotovki specialistov. Sravnivajutsja rashody, svjazannye s postroj- koj i jekspluataciej reaktora v posledujushhee vremja. Namechaetsja napravlenie razvitija no- vyh jeksperimental'nyh metodov ispol'zovanija ustanovok i ukazyvajutsja potrebnosti v bolee shirokih jeksperimental'nyh dannyh. Takie dannye neobhodimy dlja togo, chtoby jasnee predopredelit' potrebnosti i budushhie tendencii v dele konkretnogo primenenija dvuh usta- novok dlja okazanija pomoshhi pri proektirovanii jenergeticheskih reaktorov. Daetsja kratkoe opisanie vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora dlja ispytanija reshetok i ego predpologaemogo ispol'zovanija v svete rassmatrivaemyh napravlenij. (author)

  18. The Role of Non-Destructive Testing in the Los Alamos Reactor Programme; Role des Essais Non Destructifs dans le Programme de Reacteurs de los Alamos; Rol' nedestruktivnykh ispytanij materialov v Los-Alamosskoj reaktornoj programme; Papel de los Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo en el Programa de Reactores de Los Alamos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tenney, G. H. [University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    1965-10-15

    encerrado en capsulas de tantalo, y durante la fabricacion de estas se aplicaron nuevos metodos de ensayo no destructivo para verificar la integridad del metal basico y de las soldaduras. Tambien se aplicaron esos metodos durante los ensayos de fusion y enfriado y despues de estos. En un experimento realizado con una bomba mecanica de plutonio fundido, se utilizaron procedimientos radiograficos, entre ellos un circuito de television industrial de rayos gamma. Para el programa UHTREX (Ultra High Temperature Reactor Experiment) actualmente en curso de ejecucion, se efectuaron estudios microrradiograficos y al microscopio electronico de las perlas de carburo de uranio revestidas de carbono pirolftico, de 150 {mu}m de diametro, con el fin de evaluar la migracion del uranio en funcion de la temperatura. La masa y la uniformidad de la carga de uranio en los elementos de grafito del programa UHTREX se .determinan mediante contadores de centelleo especiales. (author) [Russian] Los-Alamosskaja nauchnaja laboratorija, rukovodstvo kotoroj osushhestvljaet Kalifornijskij universitet dlja Komissii po atomnoj jenergii SShA, v techenie bolee dvadcati let aktivno zanimaetsja razrabotkoj, proektirovaniem i stroitel'stvom jadernyh reaktorov chetyreh obshhih tipov: issledovatel'skih, jenergeticheskih, reaktorov dlja raketnyh dvigatelej i kriticheskih sborok. Gruppa nedestruktivnyh ispytanij materialov okazyvaet uslugi na praktike vsem vidam dejatel'nosti i proektam laboratorii; v jetom doklade opisyvajutsja nekotorye iz unikal'nyh metodov ispytanij bez razrushenija i priemov, razrabotannyh dlja reaktornoj programmy i ispol'zuemyh v nej. LAJeRJe (Los-Alamosskij jenergeticheskij reaktornyj jeksperiment) osnovan na ispol'zovanii rastvora fosfata urana pri vysokoj temperature. Jetot rastvor javljaetsja ochen' korrozijnym, pojetomu vse chasti, nahodjashhiesja v kontakte s nim. byli pokryty zolotom. Special'nye radiograficheskie metody pozvoljali kontrolirovat' zoloto vo vremja processa proizvodstva

  19. Performance Characteristics of the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor from 0 to 100 MW(t); Performances de l'EBWR de 0 a 100 MW; Rabochaya kharakteristika ehksperimental'nogo kipyashchego reaktora EBWR pri moshchnosti 0 - 100 mgvt.; Rendimiento del reactor experimental de agua hirviente (EBWR) entre 0 y 100 MW

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iskenderian, A.; Lipinski, W. C.; Petrick, M.; Wimunc, E. A. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1963-10-15

    entonces de comportarse como reactor de agua hirviente de ciclo directo; en cierto modo, funciona como reactor de ciclo doble y circulacion natural. (author) [Russian] 25 maya 1962 goda Argonnskaya natsional'naya laboratoriya poluchila razreshenie KAEH SSHA na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora EBWR na moshchnosti 100 mgvt. Administrativnoe razreshenie na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora bylo predostavleno sistemoj garantij. Mezhdunarodnogo agentstva po atomnoj ehnergii 11 iyulya 1961 goda. 15 noyabrya 1962 goda byl dostignut uroven' moshchnosti v 100 mgvt. 6 dekabrya 1962 goda ehksperimental'naya programma byla zakonchena. Odnoj iz osnovnykh tselej ee byla tshchatel'naya proverka reaktora dlya polucheniya dannykh i informatsii rabochej kharakteristiki ehtogo tipa reaktora. Ehta programma byla pervoj programmoj takogo roda i pervoj vypolnennoj programmoj. Dlya polucheniya nuzhnykh dannykh neobkhodimo bylo razrabotat' mnogie novye pribory. TSel' byla dostignuta, polucheno mnogo novykh dannykh o rabochej kharakteristike kipyashchego reaktora s estestvennoj tsirkulyatsiej. Tak,naprimer, poluchena informatsiya otnositel'no skorosti potoka tsirkulyatsii v zamknutom tsikle, predelov separatsii zhidkogo para (vydelenie para v osadok v spusknoj trube i unos zhidkosti ehflu- entom para), nedogreva, lokalizatsii dejstvitel'noj poverkhnosti razdela v reaktore i ee svyazi s urovnem vodnoj kolonki, skorosti razrusheniya para v spusknoj trube, pustotnykh koehffitsientov, reaktivnoj sposobnosti H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}, temperaturnykh koehffitsientov, ispol'zovaniya sterzhnej iz bora dlya tselej kontrolya, ispol'zovaniya svezhikh toplivnykh ehlementov, peredatochnykh funktsij,analiza shuma, nekotorykh izmerenij potoka, stabil'nosti i t.d. Krome togo, byli polucheny dannye o povedenii i tselostnosti nekotorykh reaktornykh komponentov i sistem, takikh, kak bornokislaya kontrol'naya reaktsiya, urovni radiatsii, raspredelenie produktov korrozii, vykhod iz stroya oborudovaniya, toplivo i reguliruyushchie sterzhni i t

  20. Automatic Sample and Data Processing in Studies of Calcium Metabolism in Rats; Traitement Automatique des Echantillons et des Donnees dans l'Etude du Metabolisme Calcique chez le Rat; Avtomaticheskaya obrabotka obraztsov i dannykh pri izuchenii obmena kal'tsiya u krysy; Tratamiento Automatico de las Muestras y de los Datos en el Estudio del Metabousmo del Calcio en la Rata

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Onkelinx, C.; Richelle, L. J.; Debras, J. [Universite de Liege (Belgium)

    1965-10-15

    , s odnoj storony, izuchenija jevoljucii indikatornoj dozy kal'cija-45, vvedennoj vnutrivenno, a s drugoj -izmerenija himicheskogo i radiohimicheskogo balansa. Sochetanie jetih dvuh tipov informacii i ih matematicheskaja obrabotka vedet k resheniju voprosa o sozdanii obshhej modeli obmena kal'cija, chto daet vozmozhnost' znat' kolichestvo obmenivaemyh kletok i velichinu razlichnyh faktorov, takih kak pogloshhenie v kishechnike, vydelenie iz pochek i kishechnika, otlozhenie kal'cija v kostjah i vyhod kal'cija iz kostej. Nashi raboty byli oblegcheny primeneniem avtomaticheskih metodov izmerenija obrazcov i obrabotki dannyh, kotorye i sostavljajut predmet nastojashhego doklada. Obrabotka obrazcov. Izmerenija radioaktivnosti proizvodili na obrazcah plazmy nebol'shogo ob'ema (20 - 40 {lambda}), kotorye brali povtorno iz prob mochi i fekalij, vzjatyh v opredelennoe vremja. Izmerenie aktivnosti provodili na schetchike antisovpadenij so olabym fonovym shumom, vkljuchajushhim avtomaticheskoe ustrojstvo dlja otbora prob i jelektronnuju ustanovku, izmerenija kotoroj registrirovalis' pechatajushhim ustrojstvom. Obsuzhdajutsja original'nye metody podgotovki obrazcov i ih izmerenija, v chastnosti statisticheskie uslovija scheta, vyverennye na vychislitel'noj mashine pri kazhdom izmerenii. Obrabotka dannyh. Proizvoditsja na jelektronnoj vychislitel'noj mashine IBM 7040, kotoroj zadajut raschetnuju programmu i ispol'zujut nabor neobrabotannyh dannyh ob jeksperimente v vide perforirovannyh kartochek na kazhdoe zhivotnoe otdel'no. Dannye obrabatyvajutsja v tri jetapa: 1) preobrazovanie neobrabotannyh dannyh i raschet standartnogo otklonenija izmerenij kazhdogo obrazca; 2) analiz krivoj udel'noj radioaktivnosti plazmy v zavisimosti ot vremeni i raschet ego matjomaticheskogo vyrazhenija; vyverka na tochnost' teoreticheskoj krivoj s pomoshh'ju jeksperimental'nyh izmerenij; 3) reshenie polnoj modeli po raschetu razlichnyh parametrov. Poluchennye rezul'taty byli otpechatany obychnym

  1. Study of Fluidized-Bed Control Rods; Etude de Barres de Controle Fluidisees; Izuchenie reguliruyushchej sistemy, ispol'zuyushchej suspenziyu pogloshchayushchikh chastits; Estudio Sobre Barras de Control de Lecho Fluidificado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blair, D. J. [General Nuclear Engineering Corporation, Dunedin, FL (United States); Driscoll, M. J.; Dalton, G. R.; Parkinson, T. F. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

    1964-06-15

    sistemu trub podobno sistemam upravlenija, razrabatyvaemym dlja reaktorov s suspenziej topliva. Nekotorye iz vozmozhnyh preimushhestv koncepcii SPCh: 1) ustranjaetsja bol'shinstvo vvodov v verhnjuju chast' korpusa i uproshhaetsja process peregruzki topliva; 2) pri vozniknovenij avarii v rezul'tate poteri potoka proishodit avtomaticheskaja bystraja ostanovka reaktora; 3) osevoe raspredelenie moshhnosti mozhet izmenjat'sja v rezul'tate primenenija special'nyh kanalov ili chastic peremennoj velichiny; 4) rezkoe vozrastanie potoka v vodjanom zazore mozhet byt' umen'sheno dlja chastichno izvlechennogo upravljajushhego sterzhnja; 5) mozhno umen'shit' temperaturnyj ''zapas'' reaktivnosti,esli sistema imeet otricatel'nyj temperaturnyj kojefficient; 6) rashody po izgotovleniju znachitel'no nizhe, chem dlja jelektromehanicheskih sistem. Provedena ocenka koncepcii SMCh, v tom chisle bylo osushhestvleno stroitel'stvo pro- totipnyh modelej i proverka gidravlicheskih i jadernyh harakteristik. Izuchalis' dva tipa: propuskajushhie ''sterzhni'' (tolshhina 2 srednih svbbodnyh probega) i otrazhajushhie ''sterzhni'' (tolshhina 4 srednih svobodnyh probega). Dlja oboih tipov mozhno poluchit' priemlimye gidravlicheskie i jadernye harakteristiki. Obosnovana vozmozhnost' upravlenija reaktorami nizkoj moshhnosti s pomoshh'ju propuskajushhih ili otrazhajushhih upravljajushhih ' sterzhnej''. Dalee bylo pokazano, chto SPCh obladajut horoshimi regulirujushhimi svojstvami, kotorye mozhno rasschitat' standartnymi metodami. V sluchae bol'shoj moshhnosti i vysokoj temperatury neobhodima dopolnitel'naja informacija otnositel'no harakteristik materiala chastic. Bol'shoe preimushhestvo SPCh zakljuchaetsja v vozmozhnosti formirovanija osevogo potoka libo putem ispol'zovanija chastic razlichnoj velichiny i pogloshhenija, libo zhe putem.sootvetstvujushhego formirovanija oblasti poperechnogo sechenija SPCh. (author)

  2. In Vivo and Air Dosimetry of Fission-Spectrum Neutrons; Dosimetrie In Vivo et dans l'Air du Spectre des Neutrons de Fission; Dozimetriya v vozdukhe i dozimetriya In Vivo nejtronov spektra deleniya; Dosimetria In Vivo y en el Aire de Neutrones de un Espectro de Fision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mobley, T. S.; Engel, R. E.; Godden, W. R. [Kirtland Airforce Base, New Mexico (United States); Penikas, V. T. [AFIT, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, with Duty Station at University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY (United States)

    1964-03-15

    bornogo sharika, soderzhashhego kadmij i pokrytogo fol'goj poroga delenija (Pu, Np, U), sernoj tabletki i treh tipov dozimetrov, primenjavshihsja v podkozhnom detektore. Dozimetricheskij pribor pomeshali v brjushnoj polosti podopytnyh zhivotnyh za vosemnadcat' chasov do obluchenija, prikrepljaja e go k perednej storone rubcevogo otdela zheludka. Opisyvaetsja metod rassechenija rubcevogo otdela zheludka. Doza nejtronov izmerjalas' s pomoshh'ju porogovyh izmerenij fol'gi. Zoloto i zoloto, pokrytoe kadmiem, ispol'zovalis' dlja opredelenija integrirovannogo potoka teplovyh nejtronov; plutonij-239, neptunij-237, uran-238 i sera-32 - dlja opredelenija integrirovannyh potokov bystryh nejtronov; radiofotoljuminiscentnye stekljannye sterzhni - dlja opredelenija dozy gamma-luchej. Ovcu podvergali oblucheniju sboku na rasstojanii (po srednej linii) 200 cm, ili 175 sm ot centra kriticheskoj sborki. Doza nejtronov v radah, izmerennaja v vozduhe na rasstojanii 200 sm sostavljala 161 {+-}5,5 rada; na rasstojanii 175 sm - 242 {+-} 16,6 rada. Doza gamma-luchej na sootvetstvujushhih rasstojanijah so stavljala 3 3 {+-}2 ,4 i 4 2 {+-}2 ,5 rentgena. Dozy na vhode i vyhode, a takzhe doza vo vnutrennem detektore kolebalas' v svjazi s vnezapnym pod{sup e}mom temperatury, uvelicheniem rasstojanija ot reaktora, polozheniem fol'gi v otnoshenii reaktora i zavisela ot tolshhiny i sostava oslabljajushhih dozu tkanej. (author)

  3. Shippingport Atomic Power Station Operating Experience, Developments and Future Plans; La centrale nucleaire de Shippingport, experience de son fonctionnement et plans pour l'avenir; Shippingportskaya atomnaya ehlektrostantsij, opyt ehkspluatatsii, usovershenstvovaniya i plany na budushchee; Central nucleoelectrica de Shippingport; experiencia adquirida con su explotacton y programa de desarrollo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feinroth, H. [Division of Reactor Development, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States); Oldham, G. M. [Shippingport Atomic Power Station, Duquesne Light Company, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Stiefel, J. T. [Bettis Atomic Power.Labora Tory, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    'mennykh administrativnykh instruktsij, rukovodstv po ehnergeticheskoj ustanovke i t.d., chto yavilos' ochen' vazhnym faktorom v uspeshnom osushchestvlenii programmy ispytanij SHippingportskoj ehlektrostantsii. Rezul'taty ispytanij khorosho sovpadayut s raschetnymi dannymi. Rassmatrivayutsya rabota aktivnoj zony reaktora, stabil'nost' ustanovki, chuvstvitel'nost' k izmeneniyam nagruzki, rabota toplivnykh ehlementov i reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej, povyshenie takikh dlitel'nykh ehffektov, kak korroziya i intensivnost' izlucheniya, rabota komponentov i t.d. Rassmatrivaetsya osnovnaya tsel' tekushchej i budushchej programm Shippingportskogo proekta v otnoshenii usovershenstvovaniya osnovnoj tekhnologii reaktorov s vodyanym okhlazhdeniem. Ehta programma vklyuchaet prodolzhenie ehkspluatatsii Shippingportskoj ustanovki, razrabotku, konstruirovanie, izgotovlenie i opytnuyu ehkspluatatsiyu vtoroj aktivnoj zony (aktivnaya zona 2), imeyushchej dlitel'nyj srok sluzhby i vysokuyu plotnost' ehnergovydeleniya. Imeya proektnuyu ehlektricheskuyu moshchnost' brutto 150 mgvt i prodolzhitel'nost' sluzhby pervoj zapal'noj sborki 10 tys. chasov raboty na polnoj moshchnosti, aktivnaya zona 2 budet v pyat' s polovinoj raz moshchnee aktivnoj zony 1 i obladat' v dva raza bol'shej plotnost'yu ehnergovydeleniya, chem poslednyaya. Daetsya opisanie konstruktsii aktivnoj zony 2 i svyazannykh s nej osnovnykh usovershenstvovanij v fizike reaktora, metallurgii, teploperedache, podache teplonositelya i izgotovlenii toplivnykh ehlementov. Izlozheny plany v otnoshenii dezaktivatsii reaktornoj ustanovki i osushchestvleniya ee modifikatsii v svyazi s ustanovkoj bolee moshchnoj aktivnoj zony 2. (author)

  4. Some Applications of Radioisotopes of Short Half-Life in the French Gas Industry; Quelques Applications des Radioelements a Periode Courte dans l'Industrie Gazoere Francaise; НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВИДЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ ГАЗОВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ; Algunas Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periqdo Corto en la Industria Francesa del Gas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tellier, C. [Gaz de France, Paris (France); Courtois, G.; Gasnier, M. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay (France)

    1963-03-15

    jetoj apparatury. Poluchennaja posle rasshifrovki diagramma pokazyvaet dovol'no zametnyj maksimum dlja kazhdogo sluchaja utechki, kotoraja opredeljaetsja priblizitel'no v 2 m. Dlja provedenija dostovernogo obnaruzhenija neobhodimo, chtoby s utechkoj uhodilo do 20 mkkjuri. Dlja obnaruzhenija utechki gaza v raspredelitel'nyh trubah ispol'zovali mechennyj bromom-62 bromistyj metil, prigotovlennyj na meste iz Br{sup 82}NH{sub 4}. Posle vpryskivanija radioaktivnyj gaz gomogenizirovalsja putem cirkuljacii. Obnaruzhenie proizvodilos' na urovne zemli pri pomoshhi portativnyh scintilljacionnyh schetchikov. Ispytanija, kotorye eshhe prodolzhajutsja, uzhe pozvolili opredelit' neobhodimuju dlja primenenija aktivnost' i naibolee blagoprijatnye uslovija dlja obnaruzhenija razlichnyh tipov utechki. (author)

  5. Materials Control in the Fabrication of Enriched Uranium Fuels; Controle des Matieres au Cours de la Fabrication des Combustibles a Base d'Uranium Enrichi; Uchet materialov pri izgotovlenii topliva na obogashchennom urane; Control de Materiales en la Elaboracion de Combustibles de Uranio Enriquecido

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cardwell, Jr., R. G. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1966-02-15

    densidad. La manipulacion de la chatarra tuvo una importante influencia en el balance de los materiales que confirmo el contenido de combustible y aseguro una buena contabilizacion. Los procedimientos de manipulacion y registro, y en particular los metodos de determinacion de las partidas y de marcacion fisica, se formularon de tal manera que constituyeron una buena ayuda para el fabricante en lo que respecta al control de la criticidad. (author) [Russian] Usilennaja dejatel'nost' v oblasti tehnologii teplovydeljajushhih jelementov, provodivshajasja v Okridzhskoj nacional'noj laboratorii na protjazhenii poslednih 15 let, privela k vyrabotke racional'nyh tehnologicheskih processov i metodov ucheta obogashhennyh materialov, kotorye sejchas shiroko primenjajutsja pri izgotovlenii teplovydeljajushhih jelementov v promyshlennom masshtabe. V hode proektirovanija i izgotovlenija prototipov teplovydeljajushhih jelementov dlja zapuska reaktora dlja ispytanija materialov, reaktora s massovoj zashhitoj ili {sup b}assejnovogo tipa{sup ,} kompaktnogo jenergeticheskogo reaktora voennogo obrazca, reaktora s bashennoj zashhitoj, pokazatel'nogo reaktora dlja Zhenevskoj konferencii, izotopnogo reaktora s potokom bol'shoj intensivnosti i jeksperimentol'nogo reaktora s gazovym ohlazhdeniem byli vyrabotany i prinjaty v kachestve ustanovlennyh norm nadezhnye metody obrashhenija s obogashhennym toplivom v vide splavov, suspenzii ili okisej. Nakoplennyj opyt posluzhil osnovoj dlja dannogo doklada, v kotorom podcherkivajutsja problemy ucheta materialov i ih razreshenie pri izgotovlenii razlichnyh sostavnyh chastej teplovydeljajushhih jelementov razlichnyh tipov na obogashhennom urane. Osnovnymi zadachami pri vyrabotke horoshej sistemy ucheta materialov javljajutsja: 1) sokrashhenie chisla edinic podotchetnogo materiala; 2) vyrabotka otdel'nyh uchetnyh dokumentov dlja kazhdoj vazhnoj stadii izgotovlenija i sostavlenie ih svodki sposobom, pozvoljajushhim s naimen'shej zatratoj truda vyjavljat' mesta

  6. Transfer of heat and speed of plasma particles to powder particles in the plasma spray process at atmospheric pressure / Передача тепла и скорости частиц плазмы частицам порошка в процессе плазменного напыления при атмосферном давлении / Prenos toplote i brzine čestica plazme na čestice praha u plazma-sprej procesu na atmosferskom pritisku

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mihailo R. Mrdak

    2018-04-01

    (jona i elektrona na čestice praha, kao i temperatura i brzina istopljenih čestica praha pre sudara sa podlogom. Za svaki tip praha, u zavisnosti od raspodele granulacije čestica (µm i gustine (kg/m3, neophodno je odrediti količinu dotura praha (g/min u plazmi za definisane protoke gasova (l/min, tipove plazma gasova (Ar, He, H2, N2 ili njihove mešavine i nivoe snage (kW. Da bi došlo do prenosa toplote i brzine čestica plazme na čestice praha, mora doći do interakcije između jona i elektrona iz plazme i čestica praha. Za poznate brzine i temperature mlaza plazme na atmosferskom pritisku mogu se izračunati putanje pojedinih čestica primenom jednačine kretanja, uzimajući u obzir viskozno trenje i inerciju. U radu je prikazana veza između brzine injektiranja praha Al2O3 i brzine pojedinih čestica praha Al2O3 u plazmi u zavisnosti od odstojanja otvora anode, kao i veza granulacije praha i temperature površine čestica praha u zavisnosti od injektiranja praha i nivoa snage napajanja plazma pištolja na atmosferskom pritisku.

  7. Fast Plasma from a Coaxial Gun; Plasma Rapide Produit par un Canon Coaxial; Bystraya plazma iz koaksial'nogo inzhektora; Produccion de Plasma Rapido Mediante un Inyector Coaxial

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Marshall, J.; Henins, I. [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    1966-04-15

    produce constituyen el objeto de los experimentos descritos en la memoria. El mecanismo de aceleracion es complicado y no se conoce perfectamente, pero se han adquirido unas nociones considerables mediante un gran numero de experimentos, utilizando para el diagnostico: circuitos externos de captacion diamagnetica, circuitos de Rogowsky en el vacio, sondas electricas, electrodos externos de captacion capacitiva, analisis de la deflexion magnetica y electrostatica de las particulas, espectroscopia, fotografia de la luz emitida por el blanco, medicion del tiempo de vuelo con y sin campo guia, determinacion de los neutrones emitidos en el volumen del plasma a raiz de la reaccion d-d y otros metodos. Como resultado se aprecia que se produce un proceso magneto-electrico complejo delante de la boca del inyector. El proceso de aceleracion depende de la diferencia de densidades del gas entre dicha region (baja) y dentro del inyector (elevada). El plasma rapido procede en gran parte del gas adsorbido en los electrodos, lo que obliga a obtener un vacio limpio para evitar la contaminacion por iones rapidos de impurezas fuertemente ionizadas (C{sup 5+}, 10{sup 8} cm/s). El material del electrodo se evapora, pero parece que no es un contaminante grave porque se forma tarde. La alta tension que en realidad acelera los iones esta ligada a la rapida expansion, en el vacio, de un volumen de flujo magnetico alrededor del chorro. El plasma rapido es emitido en forma de cono estrecho con el centro abierto. La alta tension que acelera los deuterones rapidos acelera tambien iones del material de la pared cuando el plasma rapido bonbardea una pared de vidrio, provocando su evaporacion. (author) [Russian] Koaksial'nyj plazmennyj inzhektor, ispol'zuemyj v dannom jeksperimente, javljaetsja istochnikom dvuh razlichnyh tipov plazmy, obrazovannyh razlichnymi mehanizmami. Plotnaja medlennaja ( Tilde-Operator 10{sup 7} sm/sek) dejte- rievaja plazma obrazuetsja neposredstvenno v rezul'tate ] HV

  8. Release of Fission Products from UC-ZrC Fuel Inserts; Degagement des produits de fission liberes dans des noyaux combustibles UC-ZrC; Vydelenie produktov deleniya iz topliv UC - ZrC; Liberacion de productos de fision por pastillas de combustible de UC-ZrC

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barth, F.; Von der Decken, C. B.; Schifferstein, K. [Brown Boveri/Krupp Reaktorbau G.M.B.H., Duesseldorf (Germany); Clauss, A.; Reichel, H.; Rygaert, J.; Ruston, W. R. [Societe d' Etudes de Recherches et d' Applications pour l' Industrie (S.E.R.A.I.), Brussels (Belgium)

    1963-11-15

    reaktora. Krome togo sushchestvovala vozmozhnost' otdel'nogo izmereniya doli otdachi {epsilon}{sub R} , esli toplivnaya serdtsevina byla podveshana v pechi s bol'shim diametrom. Izmerennye velichiny {epsilon}{sub R} lish' neznachitel'no prevyshali vychislennye. Pri bolee vysokikh temperaturakh obraztsa mozhno bylo vychislit' dolyu diffuzii {epsilon}{sub D} vychitaniem doli otdachi iz polnogo vydeleniya. Poluchiv {epsilon}{sub D}, mozhno vychislit' D/r{sub 0}''2 sek, upotreblyaya uravneniya priblizheniya S. Flyugge i K.EH.Tsimensa, gde D - konstanta diffuzii, r{sub 0} rasschitannyj matematicheskim putem srednij radius chastitsy. Grafik zavisimosti logarifma ehtikh velichin ot 1/T daet ehnergiyu aktivatsii (T - temperatura obraztsa, {sup o}K). Raznitsa mezhdu ehnergiyami aktivatsii diffuzii kriptona i ksenona'okaehalas' neznachitel'noj. Malo otlichalis' drug ot druga takzhe i ehnergii aktivatsii, opredelennye dlya razlichnykh tipov tabletok, nesmotrya na to, chto velichiny D/r{sub 0}{sup 2} v nekotorykh sluchayakh pri tekh zhe temperaturakh obraztsa razlichalis' na 4 poryadka. V grafite kapsul posle oblucheniya byli opredeleny aktivnosti izotopov I{sup 131}, Sr{sup 85}, Ba{sup 140} i Ce{sup 141}. 3a isklyucheniem I{sup 131}, aktivnosti byli vyshe ozhidaemykh dlya vydeleniya tol'ko za schet otdachi. Velichiny dlya Sr{sup 85}, Ba{sup 140}, i Ce{sup 141} byli slishkom veliki, chtoby ikh mozhno bylo ob{sup y}asnit' diffuziej sootvetstvuyushchikh im inertnykh gazov-predshestvennikov. Predpolagaetsya, chto izmerennye izotopy ili ikh neinertnye gazy-predshestvenniki vedelyayutsya putem diffuzii. (author)

  9. Thermal Neutron Spectral and Spatial Distributions in Light-Water-Moderated Uranium Lattices; Distributions Spectrale et Spatiale des Neutrons Thermiques dans des Reseaux a Uranium et a Eau Leger; Spektral'noe i prostranstvennoe raspredelenie teplovykh nejtronov v uranovykh reshetkakh s vodnym zamedlitelem; Distribuciones Espectral y Espacial de los Neutrones Termicos en los Reticulados de Uranio Moderados por Agua Ligera

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hardy, J.; Volpe, J. J.; Klein, D.; Schmidt, E.; Gelbard, E. [Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

    1964-02-15

    mediciones se llevaron a cabo en un tubo de 10 cm de diametro, lleno de agua, y colocado en el reticulado del TRX. La pared del tubo se lleno con {sup 10}B en polvo, gracias al cual el interior del tubo se encontraba aislado del reticulado del reactor a energias inferiores alOkeV. Los indices de activacion relativos por neutrones termicos y las formas radiales de los detectores sensibles a los espectros se midieron en dos casos que corresponden respectivamente a una distribucion cuasi maxwelliana (H{sub 2}O pura) y a un espectro considerablemente deformado por la presencia de cadmio. En el marco de ese experimento, se procedio a un calculo de 12 grupoe energeticos con ayuda de cada uno de los nucleos y una aproximacion P{sub 3}. La forma del medio moderador se obtuvo mediante un calculo de valores propios referido a las formas de los modos espaciales que el sistema adopta y que decrecen exponencialmente segun el letargo; el calculo fiie completado por mediciones de las formas de activacion epicadmica. Los indices relativos de activacion, calculados con ayuda de los dos nucleos, acusaban diferencias de hasta 10%, segun que el medio estuviese o no envenenado. Los datos experimentales se compararon con los resultados de calculos efectuados con el nucleo de Radkowsky y el de Nelkin. Los resultados obtenidos son claramente favorables al espectro duro calculado mediante el nucleo de Nelkin. (author) [Russian] Daetsja obzor opytov s cel'ju izuchit' povedenie teplovyh nejtronov v uranovyh reshetkah s vodnym zamedlitelem. Sta- vilis' opyty dvuh osnovnyh tipov: izmerenija stepeni ispol'zovanija teplovyh nejtronov i prostranstvennye raspredelenija aktivacii teplovymi nejtronami v neravnomerno otravlen- noj vodnoj srede. Opyty prednadznachalis' dlja ispytanija prigodnosti sushhestvujushhih teore- ticheskih modelej v rezul'tate provedenija grani mezhdu spektral'nymi i prostranstvennymi jeffektami v reaktornoj srede. Dannye opytov sravnivalis' s teoreticheskimi modeljami, v tom chisle s

  10. The Formation of Polymeric Products in Reactions of Polyvalent Recoil Atoms; Formation de Polymeres lors de Reactions Provoquees par des Atomes de Recul Polyvalents; Obrazovanie polimernykh produktov pri reaktsiyakh polivalentnykh atomov otdachi; Formacion de Polimeros en las Reacciones de Atomos de Retroceso Polivalentes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dzantiev, B. G.; Stukan, R. A.; Shvedchikov, A. P.; Shishkov, A. V. [Institut Himicheskoj Fiziki AN SSSR, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

    1965-04-15

    mechenyh polimernyh produktov v processe himicheskoj stabilizacii atomov otdachi sery-35 i ugleroda-14, poluchajushhihsja po jadernym reakcijam Cl{sup 35} /n, p/S{sup 35} i N{sup 14}/n, p/C{sup 14} v gazovoj i zhidkoj fazah. Mozhno predpolozhit', chto v processe stabilizacii gorjachie atomy ugleroda obrazujut metilenovye biradikaly, kotorye po svoej sposobnosti vstupat' v reakciju vo mnogom napominajut povedenie atomarnoj sery. Issledovanija provodilis' kak dlja parafinovyh (CH{sub 4}, C{sub 2}H{sub 6}), tak i dlja ciklicheskih (ciklogeksan, ciklogeksen, benzol) uglevodorod. Oblucheniju podvergalis' binarnye sistemy uglevodorod-datchik gorjachih atomov S{sup 35} i C{sup 14}. V kachestve poslednego ispol'zovalis' soedinenija CCI{sub 4}, HCl i ammiak. Obluchenie provodilos' na reaktore tipa IRT-1000 pri potoke teplovyh nejtronov 10{sup 11} - 10{sup 12} neJtron/cm{sup 2}sek. Pokazano, chto dlja razlichnyh soedinenij v zhidkoj faze do 60-90% sery-35 stabilizuetsja v forme polimera, vyhod kotorogo jekstremal'no zavisit ot sostava, prohodja cherez maksimum pri sootnoshenii komponentov, blizkom k jekvimolekuljarnomu. V gazovoj faze vyhod polimera sostavljaet 30 - 40% ot obshhej aktivnosti. Metodom radiohromatografii na bumage ustanovleno, chto mechenye polimernye produkty imejut slozhnyj sostav i predstavljajut soboj smes' dvuh kachestvenno otlichnyh tipov soedinenij, vyhod kotoryh po-raznomu menjaetsja v zavisimosti ot sootnoshenija komponentov. Uvelichenie vremeni obluchenija privodit k rostu vyhoda mechenogo polimera. V sluchae zhidkofaznoj sistemy C{sub 6}H{sub 12}-CCl{sub 4} molekuljarnyj ves S{sup 35}-soderzhashhego polimera, opredeljalsja metodom diffuzii iz kapilljara i okazalsja ravnym 5000 dlja polimera odnogo tipa i 500 - 1000 dlja drugogo. Obrazovanie vysokokipjashhego mechenogo produkta nabljudalos' takzhe pri obluchenii chistogo CCI{sub 4}. Analogichnye opyty provodilis' v sisteme jetilen -ammiak v gazovoj faze pri vysokom davlenii. Pokazano, chto v jetom sluchae

  11. Coincidence scanning with positron-emitting arsenic or copper in the diagnosis of focal intracranial disease; Exploration par coincidences avec l'Arsenic ou le Cuivre Emetteurs de Positrons dans le Diagnostic des Maladies intracraniennes localisees; Raspoznavanie ochagovykh vnutricherepnykh zabolevanij putem podscheta (skanirovaniya) sovpralenij s primeneniem mysh'yaka ili medi, vydelyayushchikh pozitrony; Exploracion por coincidencia con arsenico o cobre emisores de positrones en el diagnostico de enfermedades intracraneanas localizadas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sweet, William H; Mealey, John Jr; Brownell, Gordon L; Aronow, Saul [Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Neurosurgical Service and Physics Research Laboratory of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

    1959-07-01

    pozitrotsefalogramm u (PTSG) i kartinu assimmetrii obshchego gamma-izlucheni ya ili assimmetrogammagramm u (AGG). Krome togo, ustanavlivaets ya pozitrotsefalogramm a vdol' strelovidnogo (sagittal'nogo) shva. Provedenie bokovogo issledovaniya trebuet 40 minut, a sagittal'nogo - 20 minut. Iz chisla imeyushchikhsya issledovanij, kotoroe prevyshaet 3000, nami prinyaty zdes' vo vnimanie lish' 285, provedennye v poslednie 3 1/2 goda na osoboj gruppe bol'nykh, sostoyashchej iz 334 chelovek, u kotorykh pochti vo vsekh sluchayakh byli obnaruzheny ochagovye obychno zanimayushchie izvestnoe prostranstvo porazheniya, i postavlen polnyj anatomicheskij i gistologicheski j diagnoz posle khirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva ili posmertnogo vskrytiya. V ehtoj gruppe udalos' postavit' pravil'nyj diagnoz v 80% pri issledovanii 249 opukholej mysh'yakom i b 70% - pri issledovanii 84 opukholej med'yu. V ranee provedennom issledovanii 207 bol'nykh odnorodnoj gruppy nam udalos' lokalizirovat' lish' 69% imeyushchikhsya opukholej. V tekushchej serii tol'ko 3 iz 83 glioblastom i 3 iz 34 megshngom ne byli obnaruzheny metodom mysh'yaka. Pri pomoshchi mysh'yaka okazalos' vozmozhnym lokalizirovat ' po men'shej mere u 85 iz 100 bol'pykh s odnim ili bol'shim chislom zlokachestvenny kh metastazov. Primenenie medi ne dalo takikh polozhitel'nykh rezul'tatov ni v odnoj iz ehtikh trekh osnovnykh kategorij. Po issledovanii mysh'yakom 182 opukholej odnogo ili oboikh polusharij mozga pravil'nyj diagnoz byl postavlen v 165 sluchayakh, to est' 91 %; primenenie medi opravdalos' v 81 % sluchaev, prichem issledovano bylo 64 patsienta takogo tipa. Tak kak pri angiografii i pnevmografii nezamechennymi ostayutsya imenno nebol'shie opukholi mozga, v to vremya, kogda oni eshche poddayutsya udaleniyu khirurgicheskim putem, to vozmozhnost' ikh raspoznavaniya yavlyaetsya v nastoyashchee vremya naibolee znachitel'nym preimushchestvom rassmatrivaemogo metoda. V protivoves ehtomu my dobilis' lish' ves'ma neznachitel'ny kh rezul'tatov pri