The Success Rate of Initial {sup 131I} Ablation in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Comparison Between Less strict and Very Strict Low Iodine Diets

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Yoo, Ik Dong; Kim, Sung Hoon; Seo, Ye Young; Oh, Jin Kyoung; O, Joo Hyun; Chung, Soo Kyo [The Catholic Univ. of Korea, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2012-03-15

To decrease the risk of recurrence or metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), selected patients receive radioactive iodine ablation of remnant thyroid tissue or tumor. A low iodine diet can enhance uptake of radioactive iodine. We compared the success rates of radioactive iodine ablation therapy in patients who followed two different low iodine diets (LIDs). The success rates of postsurgical radioactive iodine ablation in DTC patients receiving empiric doses of 150 mCi were retrospectively reviewed. First-time radioactive iodine ablation therapy was done in 71 patients following less strict LID. Less strict LID restricted seafood, iodized salt, egg yolk, dairy products, processed meat, instant prepared meals, and multivitamins. Very strict LID additionally restricted rice, freshwater fish, spinach, and soybean products. Radioactive iodine ablation therapy was considered successful when follow up {sup 123I} whole body scan was negative and stimulated serum thyroglobulin level was less than 2.0 ng/mL. The success rate of patients following less strict LID was 80.3% and for very strict LID 75.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rates between the two LID groups (P=0.48). Very strict LID may not contribute to improving the success rate of initial radioactive iodine ablation therapy at the cost of great inconvenience to the patient.

Recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, L.; Borowski, G.D.; Shtasel, P.; Rose, L.I.

1984-01-01

The first clinically and biochemically documented case of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism in a patient with Graves' disease is reported. Two months after the administration of 9.2 mCi of I-131, the subject developed hypothyroidism. One month later, the patient became euthyroid. Then, nine months following ablation, the patient again developed thyrotoxicosis. A second dose of I-131 of 12.5 mCi was required to finally produce permanent hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the recurrence of hypothyroidism after what had seemed to have been adequate I-131 radiation

Iodine-131 saliva secretion in ablation treatment for thyroid cancer patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nascimento, Ana C.H.; Brandao, Luis E.; Candeiro, Ricardo E.; Rebelo, Ana M.O.; Corbo, Rossana; Dutra, Janaina

2008-01-01

In general, well-differentiated thyroid cancer treatment consists in Na 131 I administration following total or a near total thyroidectomy. The activity of a single administration in the majority of nuclear centers ranges from 1 to 4 GBq for residual thyroid tissue elimination and ranges from 4 to 8 GBq for residual thyroid tissue as well as metastases elimination. The high magnitude of 131 I activities administered for thyroid cancer treatment can lead to side effects, where salivary gland dysfunctions are the most common observed. In the absence of thyroid gland, secondary tissues - iodide specific uptake, mainly the salivary glands, rise at the element body retention process. In addition, among nuclear medicine professionals, there is no consensus about suitable restrictions that must be observed by the hospital released patient to avoid 131 I contamination by saliva. The aim of this study is to evaluate qualitatively the secretion of 131 I by salivary glands after the administration of the radionuclide to thyroid cancer patients for ablation purposes. Well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients from Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (HUCFF) of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) followed-up in the present study are female, adult and without additional health diseases detected. After 131 I administration for ablation purposes, saliva samples were collected systematically and counting rate was assessed using a NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. As the study is at an early stage, the preliminary results concern the possibility of conducting an evaluation of 131 I secreted in saliva using the proposed protocol. It can be seen that many factors have potential to influence the behaviour of 1 31 I secretion in saliva, for example the use of Na 131 I in solution or in capsules. It was observed two standards that can be defined according to these variables. (author)

Thyroid remnant ablation using 1,110 MBq of I-131 after total thyroidectomy. Regulatory considerations on release of patients after unsealed radioiodine therapy

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Kusakabe, Kiyoko; Yokoyama, Kunihiko; Ito, Koichi

2012-01-01

This study was undertaken to measure the radiation exposure level of caregivers following outpatient NaI (I-131) 1,110 MBq therapy for remnant thyroid ablation after total thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, and to evaluate the influence of activities of daily living on radiation exposure level, with the goal of proposing an optimum method of I-131 therapy. The study included 37 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, who had undergone total thyroidectomy and received outpatient based remnant thyroid ablation using NaI (I-131) 1,110 MBq, who were satisfying the following requirements: patients who have no evidence of distant metastases, whose living environments were appropriate for outpatient I-131 (1,110 MBq) therapy, and patients who gave written informed consent. The dose rate at a distance of 1 m from the body surface of the patient at the moment of release was measured using survey meters of the GM type or ionization chamber type. The dose level for the caregiver was measured with a personal dosimeter in all cases. The dose rate at a distance of 1 m from the patient's body surface 1 h after I-131 administration was in the range of 29-115 μSv/h (mean 63.8 μSv/h). The 7-day cumulative effective dose of caregivers was 0.11±0.08 mSv, on an average, in 34 dosimeters. In 31 of 34 dosimeters, cumulative effective dose of caregivers was below 0.2 mSv. Dose levels exceeding 0.2 mSv were recorded in 3 cases (0.21, 0.35 and 0.43 mSv in one case each). These results suggest that the exposure level of family members (caregiver and others) was minimal and is lower than the radiation levels affecting human environments. Outpatient-based remnant thyroid ablation with I-131 (1,110 MBq) performed after total thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer is safe if applied in accordance with the appropriate supervision and guidance by experts with certain qualifications. (author)

Biokinetic study of 131I following ablation dose administration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nascimento, A.C.H.; Lipsztein, J.L.; Lucena, E.A.; Dantas, B.M.; Rebelo, A.M.O.; Mello, R.C.

2002-01-01

Aim: The aim of this investigation is to study biokinetics from internally 131 I deposited for thyroid cancer patients during radioiodine therapy (2 to 3 days), after ablation dose administration (3.7 GBq). These data will help in the elaboration of a metabolic model, which will permit absorbed dose assessment for this specific case, since the biokinetic models for iodine available in scientific literature can not be applied to thyroidectomized patient's studies. Material and Methods: Four females patients, between 22 and 50 years old, without metastases, between 1.9 to 6% of remnant thyroid tissue uptake, agreed to contribute to this study. For the in vivo bioassay, periodical measurements were performed along internment time (2 to 3 days), just after Na 131 I dose administration (3.7 GBq). For this, we used the counting system for Nuclear Medicine model 13S002, IEN/CNEN- Brazil, which was adapted with lead filters, in order to allow the work with high rate counting. The measurements were performed in two geometries: thyroid region and thigh. Results: For each patient, we have done approximately 26 measurements for both geometries, starting at the first hour following dose administration until the release from hospital of patient. The results of counting rate (cps) were plotted against time (h). The measurements suggest a relation between remnant thyroid tissue uptake values and the time where counting rates start decreasing. In addition, it was observed a correlation between remnant thyroid tissue radioactive burdens and the circulating iodine through time. Conclusion: It is necessary to follow-up a greater number of patients aiming to confirm the observed correlations and with a greater number of measurements during the first 24 hours, in other to delimit the time range of increasing and decreasing counting rate

Is {sup 131}I ablation necessary for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma and slightly elevated stimulated thyroglobulin after thyroidectomy?

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Rosario, Pedro Weslley; Mourao, Gabriela Franco, E-mail: pedrowsrosario@gmail.com [Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa

2016-02-15

Objective: This prospective study evaluated the recurrence rate in low-risk patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who presented slightly elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) after thyroidectomy and who did not undergo ablation with {sup 131}I. Subjects and methods: The study included 53 low-risk patients (non aggressive histology; pT1b-3, cN0pNx, M0) with slightly elevated Tg after thyroidectomy (> 1 ng/mL, but ≤ 5 ng/mL after levothyroxine withdrawal or ≤ 2 ng/mL after recombinant human TSH). Results: The time of follow-up ranged from 36 to 96 months. Lymph node metastases were detected in only one patient (1.9%). Fifty-two patients continued to present negative neck ultrasound. None of these patients without apparent disease presented an increase in Tg. Conclusions: Low-risk patients with PTC who present slightly elevated Tg after thyroidectomy do not require ablation with {sup 131}I. (author)

Prospective randomized trial for the evaluation of the efficacy of low vs. high dose I-131 for post operative remnant ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barrenechea, E.A.; Laureta, E.G.; Gaston, J.C.; Al-Nahhas, A.; Padhy, A.K.

2005-01-01

The study was done under the auspices of the IAEA to evaluate the efficacy of low dose (50-60mCi) vs. High dose (100 mCi) for the post-operative remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer and to determine other factors associated with successful ablation. There were eighty-six patients included in the study with a diagnosis of papillary, follicular or mixed type of thyroid cancer. They all have undergone near total thyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy and without any evidence of metastatic disease. Four to six weeks after the surgery and without thyroid hormone maintenance as well as iodine free diet and drugs, they underwent a total body scan and uptake using 1-3 mci of I-131. Serum TSH and thyroglobulin were also taken. Randomization was made thru the IAEA and the patients either got a low dose or a high dose depending on such randomization. Of the 86 patients included, there were a total of 76 evaluable cases. There were three dropouts because of other medical conditions as upper GI bleeding, lung cancer and leg fracture. The 7 other patients have not completed their follow-up body scan. Among these patients were 67 females and 19 males whose age range was 19 to 84 years old. There were 65 cases with histologic type of papillary cancer, 15 follicular and 6 mixed varieties. Forty-one patients were randomized to the high dose group while 35 patients were assigned to the low dose therapy group. These patients were confined till their radiation activity was below 2mR/hr. Monitoring of the patients were done during their hospital stay. Post-therapy body scan was done but not with all patients. Most of the side effects noted were sialitis, mild neck pains, nausea and occasional vomiting as well as ageusia. These patients were maintained on thyroid hormone depending on their sensitivity but almost all were given 200-300mgs per day. The older patients tolerated only around 150mcgs/day. After four to six months, serum TSH, thyroglobulin and total body scan were

Efficacy of 131I SPECT/CT in the initial nodal staging in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the first ablative radioiodine therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kisiel, N.; Garcia-Burillo, A.; Barios, M.; Dellepiane, F.; Castell-Conesa, J.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Background: after the first radioiodine ablative dose, planar Whole-Body Scanning (WBS) offers the possibility for detecting thyroid remnant, loco-regional node involvement and distant metastases. Nevertheless, available anatomic information is scarce and the high activity of thyroid remnants can interfere with the detection of cervical lymphatic nodes. Objective: to determine the additional value of the SPECT-CT over planar WBS, performed seven days after ablative treatment with 131 I, in patients who were operated on for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). Methods: from January 2009 to December 2012, 132 patients with DTC were admitted for radio-ablation with 131 I after thyroidectomy. All of them underwent WBS seven days after ablation, and 91 had an additional SPECT-CT, 71 women and 20 men, with ages ranged from 15 to 89 years (mean, age 54 years). All patients had histological confirmed DTC (73 papillary, 17 follicular -2 cases with double tumour, papillary and follicular-, and 1 insular type). In addition to the thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection was performed in 54 patients (59%): 20 patients were classified as N0 and 29 as N1. The remaining 42 patients were classified as Nx. Planar and tomographic images were independently evaluated by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Results: 195 cervical focal uptake were observed in the 91 planar WBSs. No additional foci were observed in SPECT-CT. Findings: Planar WBS........... SPECT-CT........... Number of Foci Thyroid remnant...... Thyroid remnant..........51........... LNM...........0 Indeterminate.......... Thyroid remnant..........84............. LNM............5 LNM............ Thyroid remnant.........12............ Indeterminate.............0............ LNM..........43. Total Number of Foci............. 195. Compared to the nodal staging prior to ablation based on the histopathological diagnosis, we had an upstaging from N0 to N1 in 4 of 20 patients and from Nx to

131I Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents

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Qu Yuan; Huang Rui; Li Lin

2014-01-01

The occurrence rate of DTC in children and adolescents is not high. However, DTC in these patients has some distinct characteristics different from those in adult, such as larger tumor volume at diagnosis, early invasion of neck lymph nodes and early distant metastases, high NIS expression, high recurrence but higher overall survival rate. 131 I ablation is still one of the important treatment methods after surgery. Currently, there are 3 major dosage regimens adopted for 131 I treatment: prescribed dose without causing bone marrow suppression/toxicity, dose aiming at tumor ablation, and empirically fixed dose. (authors)

Management of thyroid carcinoma with radioactive 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paryani, Shyam B.; Chobe, Rashmi J.; Scott, Walter; Wells, John; Johnson, Douglas; Kuruvilla, Anand; Schoeppel, Sonja; Deshmukh, Abhijit; Miller, Robert; Dajani, Lorraine; Montgomery, Charles Ted; Puestow, Eric; Purcell, John; Roura, Miguel; Sutton, David; Mallett, Ruth; Peer, Jan

1996-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the role of radioactive 131 I in the management of patients with well differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Methods and Materials: Between 1965 and 1995, a total of 117 patients with well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid underwent either lobectomy or thyroidectomy followed by 100-150 mCi of 131 I. Results: With a median follow-up of 8 years, only four patients (3%) developed a recurrence of their disease. The 5-year actuarial survival was 97% with a 10-year survival of 91%. There were no severe side effects noted after 131 I therapy. Conclusions: Radioactive 131 I is a safe and effective procedure for the majority of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. We currently recommend that all patients undergo a subtotal or total thyroidectomy followed by 131 I thyroid scanning approximately 4 weeks after surgery. If the thyroid scan shows no residual uptake and all disease is confined to the thyroid, we recommend following patients with annual thyroid scans and serum thyroglobulin levels. If there is any residual uptake detected in the neck or if the tumor extends beyond the thyroid, we recommend routine thyroid ablation of 100-150 mCi of radioactive 131 I

Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer with 131I in children: 23 years of experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avila Ramirez, E.; Sosa de Martinez, C.; Calzada Leon, R.

2004-01-01

Full text: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is an infrequent tumor in childhood. Its incidence is less than 1% among malignant neoplasm. Its treatment involves surgery, ablation with 131I and replacement with thyroxine. The aim of this study was to present our experience of using 131I as treatment for DTC in children under 18 years age, at the National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico. This was a retrospective, longitudinal, observational and descriptive study that included 34 patients under 18 years age with DTC. We used clinical data, imaging, histopathology results and doses of 131I administered based on the extension of the disease after surgery (residual tissue, residual tissue with regional/distant metastasis and regional/distant metastasis with lung infiltration). The average follow-up time was 10 years (range: 0.33 - 23 years). Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the statistical analysis. Of the 34 patients, average age at diagnosis was 10.8 years (ranging from 6 to 17 years), 21 were females and 13 were males. The histopathological variety was papillary in 97% of the cases and follicular in 3%. At the time of initial diagnosis, the disease was intrathyroidal (76.4%) while (23.6%) had regional and distant metastases. Subtotal thyroidectomy was done in 60% of the patients while the remaining 40% had total thyroidectomy. An average single dose 3.4 GBq of 131I was administered to 14 patients (ranging 1.8 to 5.5 GBq). The remaining 20 patients with distant or lung metastasis received 2 to 6 doses ranging, 3.1 to 23.3 GBq (average of 9.7 GBq). Complete ablation was achieved in 21 cases (62%), while in 38% it could not be achieved. A significant number of children with intra thyroid DTC and regional metastasis achieved ablation with 131I doses between 3.7 and 5.5 GBq. With doses < 1.85 GBq, the probability of ablation was poor. Lung fibrosis was seen in 2 cases as a secondary effect. Average disease free survival was 9 years (41

Optimization of the therapeutic dose of {sup 131}I for thyroid differentiated carcinoma; Otimizacao da dose terapeutica com {sup 131}I para carcinoma diferenciado da tiroide

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Lima, Fabiana Farias de

2002-09-01

I-131 thyroid cancer therapy is based on the strategy of concentrating radioactive iodine in the thyroid tissue, to completetly eliminate thyroid tissue and functioning thyroid cancer metastases remaining after thyroidectomy. In Brazil, fixed activities of {sup 131} I generally are given, sometimes either delivering insufficient activities to ablate all of the remnants, or unnecessarily high activities, with patients remaining in the hospital for some period of time. This investigation proposes a protocol of individualized planning of ablative doses, based on individual patients metabolisms and measured thyroid remnant masses. Simulated thyroid remnants were fabricated in various forms, volumes and activities, and optimum image acquisition parameters were determined using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography 9SPECT). Resultant images were evaluated, to determine the apparent volumes and the {sup 131} I concentrations. I-131 metabolism was studied in 9 patients who had undergone thyroidectomies. Their thyroid remnant masses were determined applying the same parameters used in SPECT simulation studies, and the optimum activity for their therapy was calculated and compared to the established fixed activity of 3.7 GBq (100 mCi), which would have normally been assigned. Background subtraction using the method of percent maximum counts, using a value of 67.5%, combined with scatter correction (triple energy window method), was shown to be optimum for SPECT quantification of volumes between 3-10 ml. Errors in the method were below 9% for sources with regular geometries and around 11% for sources with irregular geometries. In the patient studies, it was observed that 78% of patients could have received reduced activities of {sup 131} (from 0.8-3-2. GBq (20-87 nCi). In addition, 33% of these patients could have received low enough activities to have discharged from the hospital, using an individualized administration scheme. This could also have resulted in a dose

The prevalence of thyroid tissue along the thyroglossal tract on SPECT/CT following I131 ablation therapy after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barber, T.W.; Cherk, M.H.; Yap, K.S.K.; Kalff, V.; Topliss, D.J.; Serpell, J.W.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Aim: the aims of this study are first to determine the prevalence of thyroid tissue along the thyroglossal tract on SPECT/CT and secondly to assess the contribution of this tissue to total neck I-131 activity in patients treated with I-131 ablation therapy after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: a total of 63 consecutive patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer treated with total thyroidectomy underwent whole body planar imaging and SPECT/CT of the neck 48 hours following ablative I-131 therapy. On SPECT/CT, thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue was defined as radioiodine activity in the anterior neck, superior to the thyroid bed in close proximity to the midline without evidence of localisation to lymph nodes. On planar imaging, thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue was defined as linear radioiodine activity in the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid bed. SPECT/CT and planar images were classified by two independent reviewers as positive, negative or equivocal with interobserver agreement quantified using a Kappa score. Disagreement was resolved using a third reviewer. Quantitation of thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue and total neck I-131 activity was performed using region of interest analysis on planar imaging following localisation on SPECT/CT. Results: thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue was present in 31/63 (49%; 95% CI: 37-61%) patients on SPECT/CT. In these 31 patients, thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue contributed to an average of 49% of total neck activity. Interobserver agreement was substantial on SPECT/CT (Kappa = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.91) and fair on planar imaging (Kappa = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.15-0.47). Conclusion: thyroid tissue along the thyroglossal tract was present in one half of patients in our study population and can contribute to a significant amount of total neck I-131 activity. Given the high prevalence of thyroglossal tract thyroid tissue, our results suggest that total neck

Cytogenetic in thyroid carcinoma and therapy with 131{sup I}; Citogenetica en cancer de tiroides y terapia con 131''I

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Popova, L.; Hadjidekova, V.; Christova, R.; Agova, S.; Grudeva, V.; Hadjieva, T.; Dominguez, I.

2007-07-01

In order to assess the genotoxic risk of the therapy with radioiodine-131(''131I), the production of micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations (CA) were analyzed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of group of 26 patients undergoing therapy with this radionuclide for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Blood samples were taken immediately before ''131 I administration and 1 month later. The patients underwent radioiodine ablation (RIA) or radioiodine therapy (RIT) after radical thyroidectomy. The amount of orally administered ''131I activity varied from 3330 to 4030 MBq according to the king of therapy (RIA or RIT). results show that after radioiodine therapy there is a significant increase in the frequency of MN and CA. The mean frequencies of MN {+-} Sd before and after the therapy were 10.72 % {+-} 5.84 % and 25.28 %{+-} 12.6% respectively. For CA, the mean frequencies obtained were 1.16% {+-} 0.36% before and 2.3% {+-} 0.87% after the therapy. These findings indicate a genotoxic activity of ''131I therapy estimated after a period of one month. (Author) 38 refs.

Clinical applications of radioiodine 131 (I131) in the thyroid diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez Rivero, Levi; Turcios Trista, Silvia Elena; Velasco Mirabal, Milagros

2012-01-01

Radioiodine 131 is a radioactive isotope that is successfully used for the diagnosis and the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Its quality of selectively integrating to the thyroid metabolism and emitting a signal allows it to describe the gland functioning through capture studies, and to delimit the morphology and location of the tissues that capture iodine by means of scintigraphy. It is also a simple, safe and cost-effective radiotherapy used as first-line therapeutics in the control of hyperthyroidism. The dose and right time of application should be individualized according to the etiology and the clinic of each patient. Radioiodine 131 offers an efficient alternative to reduce the size of non-toxic goiter in addition to supporting the surgical treatment of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma and destroying with ablative doses the tissular remains and the metastatic lesions that can be detected during the gammagraphic follow-up. Radioiodine 131 depends on the fulfillment of safety regulations against radioactivity

Clinical applications of radioiodine 131 (I131) in the thyroid diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez, Rivero Levi; Turcios Trista, Silvia Elena; Velasco Mirabal, Milagros

2012-01-01

Radioiodine 131 is a radioactive isotope that is successfully used for the diagnosis and the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Its quality of selectively integrating to the thyroid metabolism and emitting a signal allows it to describe the gland functioning through capture studies, and to delimit the morphology and location of the tissues that capture iodine by means of gammagraphy. It is also a simple, safe and cost-effective radiotherapy used as first-line therapeutics in the control of hyperthyroidism. The dose and right time of application should be individualized according to the etiology and the clinic of each patient. Radioiodine 131 offers an efficient alternative to reduce the size of non-toxic goiter in addition to supporting the surgical treatment of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma and destroying with ablative doses the tissular remains and the metastatic lesions that can be detected during the gammagraphic follow-up. Radioiodine 131 depends on the fulfillment of safety regulations against radioactivity

Empiric 131I treatment of high thyroglobulin levels in differentiated thyroid carcinoma after remnant ablation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kalender, E.; Elboga, U.; Celen, Y.; Demir, H.; Yilmaz, M.; Sahin, E.

2015-01-01

Full text of publication follows. Objective: serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements are usually the best marker of residual or metastatic disease after the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It is not rare to find patients with detectable serum Tg levels after ablative 131 I treatment (AIT). The objective of this study is to establish the efficacy of empiric 131 I treatment (EIT) given for patients whose Tg levels remained high after AIT. Materials and methods: 28 patients (23 women, 5 men; mean age 47.4 ± 16.8) without distant metastasis, who were treated empirically for high Tg levels after AIT in our clinic were studied retrospectively. In all patients stimulated Tg levels before AIT (Tg I) and 6 months after AIT (Tg II) were measured. The Tg cutoff level for EIT was accepted 10 ng/ml. After EIT, post-therapeutic whole-body scintigraphy (PWBS) was performed to all patients. 18 F-FDG PET CT was performed to patients who had negative PWBS but continued high Tg II levels. Results: PWBS was positive in 14 patients (50%) and negative in 14 patients (50%). 14 patients did not respond to EIT (50%), and 14 patients (50%) responded to EIT at different rates. Eight patients (28.6%) responded to EIT completely, and 6 patients (21.4%) responded to EIT partially. Tg I was 60.7 ± 40 ng/ml and Tg II was 31 ± 20.4 ng/ml in responded patients. Tg I was 87.6 ± 96 ng/ml and Tg II was 114.3 ± 106 ng/ml in non-responding patients. 18 F-FDG PET CT was performed to 14 patients who had negative PWBS. 18 F-FDG PET CT was positive in 11 patients and negative in 3 patients. 18 F-FDG PET CT positive patients were referred to surgery. Conclusion: Our findings, suggested that the EIT is not beneficial in patients who have higher Tg II than Tg I and the cure rate is low in increasing Tg levels. The patients who have high Tg II but lower than Tg I can be treated empirically with 131 I. In these patients EIT may be beneficial. (authors)

The value of recombinant human TSH-aided 131I treatment in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ding Yong; Long Yahong; Tian Jiahe; Xu Baixuan; Xing Jialiu; Fang Yi; Wei Lijing; Zong Zhaoyi

2013-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human TSH(rhTSH)-aided 131 I treatment for DTC. Methods: A total of 144 patients with DTC who underwent total or near total thyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The rhTSH-aided 131 I treatment of 3.7 GBq was performed in 72 cases (Group Ⅰ: euthyroid). Another 72 cases received radioiodine ablation treatment of 3.7 GBq after 4 to 6 weeks of thyroxine withdrawal (Group Ⅱ: hypothyroidism). Serum endogenous TSH, FT 3 , FT 4 and Tg were measured. The life qualities of both groups were observed, such as intolerance to cold, weight gain, constipation, motor retardation, skin dryness, periorbital edema and bone pain. Absence of visible uptake or uptake rate less than 1% was taken as complete ablation. The efficacy of 131 I treatment was evaluated. The life quality of both groups was evaluated by χ 2 test, and the effect of 131 I treatment was analyzed by t test. Results: Serum TSH was effectively improved in both groups before 131 I treatment. In group Ⅰ, TSH was higher than that of group Ⅱ ((141.26 ± 27.30) mU/L vs (70.57 ± 51.13) mU/L; t=2.435, P<0.05), and FT 3 , FT 4 were not significantly different before or after the injection of rhTSH. Tg was well stimulated in both groups with no statistical difference. Group Ⅱ exhibited more side effects, which included intolerance to cold 80.56% (58/72), weight gain 86.11% (62/72), constipation 15.28% (11/72), motor retardation 22.22% (16/72), skin dryness 56.94% (41/72), bone pain 2.78% (2/72), and no periorbital edema was found. Group Ⅰ had a higher quality of life than group Ⅱ, only few side effects were observed including dizziness and nausea 2.78% (2/72), bone pain 2.78% (2/72), and transient tachycardia 1.39% (1/72). The effect of 131 I treatment was evaluated by whole body scans with a diagnostic dose of 131 I. The complete ablation rate was 70.83% (51/72) in group Ⅰ and 66.67% (48/72) in group Ⅱ (χ 2 =0.58, P>0.05). Conclusion: The

Differentiated thyroid cancer. New concept of radioiodine ablation; Differenziertes Schilddruesenkarzinom. Fortschritte bei der Radioiodablation

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Dietlein, M.; Kobe, C. [Universitaetsklinikum Koeln (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin; Universitaetsklinikum Koeln (Germany), Zentrum fuer Integrierte Onkologie Koeln-Bonn; Luster, M. [Universitaetsklinikum Ulm (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

2010-12-15

Ablative radioiodine therapy is the treatment of choice in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, the only exception being the unifocal, very small papillary thyroid cancer. The TSH-stimulation can be achieved by a waiting period for 2-3 weeks after thyroidectomy without medication or by the use of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH). Both options lead to high success rates. 'Single dose cure' using activities between 1.85 and 3.7 GBq {sup 131}I is standard. Since 2010 rhTSH is approved by the EMA for the indications pT1-4, N0-1, cM0. Survey studies did not find any inferiority of ablation with rhTSH or iatrogenic hypothyroidism in the high-risk patient group. Renal clearance is not reduced after rhTSH administration, thus the {sup 131}I blood dose and the whole body doses are lower in patients under rhTSH. Comparing identical {sup 131}I activities after endogeneous or exogeneous stimulation, rhTSH will minimize the acute adverse effects of {sup 131}I. A short-term withdrawal of levothyroxine some days before rhTSH-injection lowers the iodine plasma level, which may be advantageous for the ablation success if lower 131I activities are used. A rhTSH-based diagnostic {sup 131}I whole-body scintigraphy 3-6 months after ablation is standard for therapy control. At this time, the rhTSH-stimulated thyroglobulin-level is essential for a personalized risk stratification. Tg-measurements by a second generation assay should be used for follow-up care. Metaanalyses have shown that radioiodine ablation lowers the mortality rate, the risk of locoregional recurrences and the risk of late metastasizing. Therefore, ablation has shown a clear benefit. (orig.)

Optimization of the therapeutic dose of 131I for thyroid differentiated carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, Fabiana Farias de

2002-09-01

I-131 thyroid cancer therapy is based on the strategy of concentrating radioactive iodine in the thyroid tissue, to completetly eliminate thyroid tissue and functioning thyroid cancer metastases remaining after thyroidectomy. In Brazil, fixed activities of 131 I generally are given, sometimes either delivering insufficient activities to ablate all of the remnants, or unnecessarily high activities, with patients remaining in the hospital for some period of time. This investigation proposes a protocol of individualized planning of ablative doses, based on individual patients metabolisms and measured thyroid remnant masses. Simulated thyroid remnants were fabricated in various forms, volumes and activities, and optimum image acquisition parameters were determined using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography 9SPECT). Resultant images were evaluated, to determine the apparent volumes and the 131 I concentrations. I-131 metabolism was studied in 9 patients who had undergone thyroidectomies. Their thyroid remnant masses were determined applying the same parameters used in SPECT simulation studies, and the optimum activity for their therapy was calculated and compared to the established fixed activity of 3.7 GBq (100 mCi), which would have normally been assigned. Background subtraction using the method of percent maximum counts, using a value of 67.5%, combined with scatter correction (triple energy window method), was shown to be optimum for SPECT quantification of volumes between 3-10 ml. Errors in the method were below 9% for sources with regular geometries and around 11% for sources with irregular geometries. In the patient studies, it was observed that 78% of patients could have received reduced activities of 131 (from 0.8-3-2. GBq (20-87 nCi). In addition, 33% of these patients could have received low enough activities to have discharged from the hospital, using an individualized administration scheme. This could also have resulted in a dose reduction for many

The effects of antithyroid drug treatment on thyroid hormone levels after 131I ablation for Graves' disease: a prospective randomized study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Magalhaes, Patricia; Maciel, Lea

2005-01-01

Full text: The efficacy, safety and low cost of radioactive iodine ( 131 I) have made it the preferred definitive treatment in most patients with Graves' disease. The purposes of this study were: 1) Evaluate the acute changes in thyroid hormones (TH) levels before and after 131 I therapy in patients randomized to receive either antithyroid drug (ATD) pretreatment or no pretreatment, 2) Evaluate the effect of ATD pretreatment on the efficacy of 131 I therapy. 42 patients with clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroid Graves' disease were schedule to receive ablation therapy with 131 I: 24 were pretreated with methimazole (Group I) and 18 were not (Group II). ATD was stopped 5 days before 131 I therapy. Patients were monitorized clinically and biochemically with measurement of FT 3 , FT 4 and TSH on days -5, 0, 2, 6, 14, 30, 60, 120, 180, 360. Before 131 I treatment, comparing with baseline measurements, FT 4 levels after discontinuation of ATD have shown a mean increase of 61.8% (1.2 ± 0.6 to 1.8 ± 1.1 ng/dl, p=0.0006), while FT 3 levels increased 63.7% (3.2 ± 0.6 to 5.2 ± 2.2 pg/ml, p=0.0002). In this group, 131 I therapy resulted in a further increase in FT 4 levels on day 2 (p=0.0005) but not in T 3 levels. Conversely, the Group II patients experienced no further elevations in TH after 131 I therapy, which kept stable until day 30 th. After 60 days of treatment there was an important decrease in FT 4 concentrations for Group II patients, reaching similar values of the Group I levels but above the normal range. On the 120 th day, the TH levels were similar and at normal range in both groups. In the Group II, 12 patients (66.7%), 1 patient (5.6%) and 3 (16.7%) became hypothyroid, euthyroid or hyperthyroid, respectively. On the other hand, in the Group I, 7 patients (29.2%), 6 patients (25%) and 6 patients (25%) became hypothyroid, euthyroid or hyperthyroid, respectively. Conclusion: Pretreatment with methimazole before radioactive iodine therapy seems to interfere

Recurrence rates following I-131 therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: results of meta-analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obaldo, J.M.

1990-01-01

To examine the efficacy of I-131 therapy in decreasing recurrence rates after surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, a research tool called meta-analysis was used. Data were pooled from five published studies which evaluated recurrences following at least sub-total thyroidectomy with or without I-131 ablation of remnants. Of 1332 patients managed surgically only 202 (15%) developed recurrences compared to 36 of 339 (11%) treated with radioiodine. This difference was statistically significant at p<.05. When a separate analysis of only those studies which directly compared the two modes of management was conducted, recurrence rates for patients treated by surgery alone was higher at 18% (185 of 1034) compared with those who had subsequent I-131 therapy with a rate of 9% (27 of 297). This difference was again significant at p <.001. This meta-analysis strongly suggests that the use of I-131 for ablation of post-surgical thyroid remnants significantly reduces recurrence rates in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. (Auth.). 34 refs., 1 tab.; 1 fig

Laser ablation and 131-iodine: a 24-month pilot study of combined treatment for large toxic nodular goiter.

Science.gov (United States)

Chianelli, M; Bizzarri, G; Todino, V; Misischi, I; Bianchini, A; Graziano, F; Guglielmi, R; Pacella, C M; Gharib, H; Papini, E

2014-07-01

It is normally recognized that the preferred treatment in large toxic thyroid nodules should be thyroidectomy. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of combined laser ablation treatment (LAT) and radioiodine 131 (131I) treatment of large thyroid toxic nodules with respect to rapidity of control of local symptoms, of hyperthyroidism, and of reduction of administered 131I activity in patients at refusal or with contraindications to surgery. We conducted a pilot study at a single center specializing in thyroid care. Fifteen patients were treated with LAT, followed by 131I (group A), and a series of matched consecutive patients were treated by 131I only (group B). Laser energy was delivered with an output power of 3 W (1800 J per fiber per treatment) through two 75-mm, 21-gauge spinal needles. Radioiodine activity was calculated to deliver 200 Gy to the hyperfunctioning nodule. Thyroid function, thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody, ultrasound, and local symptoms were measured at baseline and up to 24 months. Nodule volume reduction at 24 months was: 71.3 ± 13.4 vs 47.4 ± 5.5%, group A (LAT+131I) vs group B (131I), respectively; P symptom score demonstrated a more rapid reduction in group A (LAT+131I). In three cases, no 131I treatment was needed after LAT. In this pilot study, combined LAT/131I treatment induced faster and greater improvement of local and systemic symptoms compared to 131I only. This approach seems a possible alternative to thyroidectomy in patients at refusal of surgery.

Radiological protection guidance for radioactive patients -new data for therapeutic 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hilditch, T.E.; Watson, W.S.; Connell, J.M.C.; Davies, D.L.; Alexander, W.D.

1991-01-01

Thyroidal retention of 131 I was measured in 77 thyrotoxic patients over a period of 1-50 days after a first therapeutic administration of the radionuclide. Mean 131 I activity in the gland (± S.D.) at 1 day was 56.1 ± 11.1% of the administered dose activity and thereafter retention followed a single exponential decay pattern with a mean effective half-life (± S.E.M.) of 6.35 ± 0.14 days. In patients who required further 131 I therapy, there was evidence that retention could be markedly reduced if there was virtual ablation of thyroid tissue. It is proposed that these retention data can be used to determine body radioactivity at any interval after the administration of 131 I for treatment of thyrotoxicosis, thus obviating the need for serial measurements in every individual patient. (author)

Diagnostic I-131 scintigraphy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. No additional value of higher scan dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phan, T.T.H.; Tol, K.M. van; Links, T.P.; Piers, D.A.; Vries, E.G.E. de; Dullaart, R.P.F.; Jager, P.L.

2004-01-01

After initial treatment with total thyroidectomy and radio iodine ablation, most follow-up protocols for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma contain cyclic diagnostic I-131 imaging and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements. The applied diagnostic I-131 doses vary between 37 and 370 MBq. The aim of this study was to determine the yield of a diagnostic scan with 370 MBq I-131 in patients with a negative diagnostic scan with 74 MBq I-131. Retrospective evaluation of 158 patients who received a high-dose diagnostic scan with 370 MBq I-131 because of a negative low-dose diagnostic scan with 74 MBq I-131. Special attention was paid to the patients with positive high-dose diagnostic scanning and undetectable serum Tg levels after thyroid hormone withdrawal. In 127 (80%) of patients the 370 MBq I-131 scan was negative, just like the preceding low-dose scan. In 31 (20%) of patients abnormal uptake was present on the 370 MBq diagnostic scan. In 19 of these 31 patients serum Tg was undetectable. In 15/19 the high-dose diagnostic scan proved either false positive or demonstrated clinically irrelevant minor ablation rests. In only four patients (2.5%) did the high-dose diagnostic scans reveal possibly relevant uptake caused by residual differentiated thyroid cancer. In 98% of patients a 370 MBq dose of I-131 for diagnostic whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) had no additional value. The combination of a low-dose diagnostic I-131 scan using only 74 MBq combined with a serum Tg level measurement proved sufficient for correct clinical decision making regarding whether the patient requires additional I-131 therapy. (authors)

Outpatient thyroid remnant ablation using repeated low 131-iodine activities (740 MBq/20 mCix2) in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Clerc, Jérôme; Bienvenu-Perrard, Marie; de Malleray, Caroline Pichard; Dagousset, Françoise; Delbot, Thierry; Dreyfuss, Marc; Groussin, Lionel; Marlowe, Robert J; Leger, Françoise Aubène; Chevalier, Alain

2012-03-01

In low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), postoperative (131)I remnant ablation should employ a minimum effective activity; reports increasingly suggest efficacy of low activities, e.g. 1110 MBq/30 mCi. OBJECTIVES, DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: We retrospectively studied the ablation capability and diagnostic utility of the Minidose protocol, two 740-MBq/20 mCi outpatient administrations, 6-18 months apart, plus related diagnostic procedures, in 160 consecutive (near-) totally thyroidectomized low-risk DTC (pT1/N0-Nx) patients. Successful ablation comprised negative 740-MBq whole-body scintigraphy with cervical uptake below 0.1%, negative stimulated thyroglobulin (STg) (<1 ng/ml, negative thyroglobulin antibodies), and negative Doppler ultrasonography (performed around Minidose 2). The study took place at a referral center. Minidose imaging found unsuspected nodal or distant metastases in nine of 160 patients (5.6%). Ablation success rates after one (two) 740-MBq activity (activites) were 75.9% (90.2%) in 145 (132) evaluable imaging-negative patients. Compared with thyroid hormone withdrawal, recombinant human TSH stimulation was associated with higher urinary iodine excretion/creatinine, lower cervical uptake, and more frequent ablation success after the first 740 MBq; success rates no longer differed significantly after both administrations. Patients with STg below 10 ng/ml at Minidose 1 were oftener ablated at Minidose 2 (odds ratio=13.9, 95% confidence interval=2.5-76.4, P<0.003), attaining 92.0% final ablation success after recombinant human TSH preparation, suggesting that one 740-MBq activity should suffice in this subgroup. All 81 evaluable patients with prolonged follow-up (mean 41.8±21.9 months after Minidose 1) had no evidence of disease at the last visit. The Minidose outpatient ablation protocol is effective and diagnostically useful in low-risk DTC.

The significance of 1-131 scan dose in patients with thyroid cancer: determination of ablation: concise communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waxman, A.; Ramanna, L.; Chapman, N.; Chapman, D.; Brachman, M.; Tanasescu, D.; Berman, D.; Catz, B.; Braunstein, G.

1981-01-01

Twenty-four patients with differentiated thyroid cancer were studied with diagnostic I-131 neck chest scans after having undergone bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy and initial I-131 therapy with either 30- or 100-mCi doses. With an endogenous stimulation protocol, follow-up studies were performed with neck and chest scans using 2 and 10 mCi I-131. A 400% increase in sensitivity was found with a 10-mCi dose relative to a 2-mCi dose. Comparison with therapeutic doses of 30 and 100 mCi resulted in further increases in the detection of residual iodine-avid tissue. We conclude that a 2-mCi or lower dose of I-131 is inadequate in evaluating residual iodine-avid tissue visually in patients with thyroid cancer. The study does not answer the critical question of whether it is necessary to treat a patient presenting a negative 2-mCi but a positive 10-mCi scan. It may be appropriate to define ablation visually as well as clinically, with further studies directed toward determining a treatment rationale in this patient population

Radioiodine (I-131) therapy in thyroid cancer differentiated type (abstract)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, M.S.

1999-01-01

Carcinoma thyroid is not an uncommon malignancy in Pakistan because of its location in iodine deficient terrain. Painless palpable (solitary) thyroid nodule is the common presentation in majority (>90%) of the patients and > 25% cold nodules in females turned malignant on biopsy whereas in males >75% of cold nodules turned malignant on historical examination. The disease is more common in females as compared to males (3:1) and in females pure papillary carcinoma is more common whereas in males mostly follicular or mixed tumors are seen. Radical surgery (thyroidectomy) is not a routine surgical treatment in our country. In teaching hospitals the routine surgical procedure is lobectomy and Isthmectomy, whereas in DHQ Hospitals less surgical procedures, e.g. tumorectomy or partial labectomy etc. are done. Therefore, in view of limited/partial surgical ablation, I-131 ablation is mandatory for better and longer survival. We have treated 118 patients of thyroid carcinoma (Differential type) at our centre (AEMC) with therapeutic dose of Radioactive iodine (I-131) during the last 13 years with encouraging results (Disease free survival). (author)

The change of serum TRAb and its prognosis assess to graves disease with one-off successful 131I therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Yubo; Liu Ping'an; Gu Aichun; Yan Weili; Yuan Jimin

2008-01-01

To investigate dynamic change of serum receptor and antibody of thyrotrophic anti- body (TRAb) and its prognosis value after a one-off successful therapy on Graves disease with 131 I, 257 Graves disease patients were treated with one dose of 131 I therapy. 175 of them with average age of 40 (43 male and 132 female patients) were cured. The 131 I activity given to patients was 207.2±66. 6 MBq. The serum levels of TRAb were determined once every three months before and after 131 I therapy. The results showed that the serum TRAb levels in all patients were positive before 131 I therapy. The serum TRAb levels in 60. 6% of patients were raised once, and then reduced to normal, The serum levels of TRAb in 16.0% of patients were remained high or reduce slowly, and the clinical symptom was improved slowly, but these patients didn't recrudesce. The TRAb levels in 9.7% of patients decreased continually, their prognosis was well. The TRAb levels in 13.7% of patients were raised twice after the therapy, and appear hypothyroidism. The detection of dynamic changes of serum TRAb levels in Graves disease patients may be useful in assessing prognosis after 131 I therapy. (authors)

I-131 therapy for thyroid diseases: Doses, new regulations and patient advice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Amaral, H.; Michaud, P.

2001-01-01

I-131 therapy has been widely used in the past 50 years. Its main applications are hyperthyroidism and functioning thyroid cancer. The indications, doses, regulations, precautions and guidelines differ in various centers. The following are recommended: 1. I-131 should be indicated in agreement of the endocrinologist and the nuclear physician with the patient consent; 2. Pre-treatment I-131 thyroid uptake must be performed; 3. The only contraindication for treatment is pregnancy, in children it might be used with caution; 4. For thyrotoxicosis both a calculated or an ablative dose (555 MBq) criteria are acceptable In this case secondary hypothyroidism must be considered an objective rather than a complication; 5. In uninodular toxic goiter a 1110 MBq dose is recommended; 6. Iodine free diet is indicated only for cancer patients; 7. Propylthiouracil (PTU) must be discontinued 5 days before treatment, it should be reinitiated 5 days later; 8. Prophylactic use of corticoid in Graves' disease still require more clinical data to support its use; 9. In treatment failure, wait six months for a new dose; 10. In intrathyroid cancer disease an ablative dose of 3700 MBq should be administered 4 weeks post-thyroidectomy or with a TSH level above 30 μUI/mL; 11. A whole body scan should be done one week later; 12. Follow-up whole body scan should be used only if there is clinical suspicion of metastasis. Thyroid hormone replacement must be discontinued for 30 days or with TSH value above 30 I/mL. For follow-up scan 185 MBq of I-131 are recommended to ovoid thyroid tissue stunning; 13. For metastases, 5700 to 7400 MBq dose is recommended if there are cervical lymphatic nodes or distant metastases. We recommended to adopt the criteria proposed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) published as 10 CFR 35.75 and the Regulatory Guide 8.39 for patients release after I-131 administration. (author)

Success of the postoperative 131I therapy in young Belarusian patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after Chernobyl depends on the radiation absorbed dose to the blood and the thyroglobulin level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haenscheid, Heribert; Verburg, Frederik Anton; Diessl, Stefanie; Biko, Johannes; Reiners, Christoph; Demidchik, Yuri E.; Drozd, Valentina

2011-01-01

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in children and young adults is rare but often aggressive and in an advanced stage at diagnosis. In a cohort of young Belarusian patients with advanced DTC after Chernobyl we retrospectively studied parameters influencing the success of the postoperative 131 I therapy. Included in the study were 136 patients (83 female, 53 male; median age 14.3 years, range 9.4-22.8 years) who had had total thyroidectomy in Belarus and subsequent 131 I therapy and follow-up in Germany. Of the 136 patients, 34 were classified as M1 and 102 as M0 (N0 1, N1 101). The median weight-adjusted 131 I activity administered after thyroid hormone withdrawal was 52 MBq/kg (range 24-74 MBq/kg). TNM stage, gender, administered activity, whole-body residence time and blood dose during ablation, Tg and TSH levels, date, and age at time of treatment were tested for their effect on the rate of complete remission (CR). CR was defined as a negative scan and a stimulated Tg level of 0.3). The regression model was able to correctly predict CR in 82 of 102 patients (80.4%). In children and young adults with advanced DTC, the rate of CR after postoperative 131 I therapy is dependent on the preablative Tg level and the radiation absorbed dose to the blood. Though the present results must be confirmed in a prospective study, they imply that preablative dosimetry may improve rates of CR. (orig.)

Visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma with 131I-Adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maruoka, Shin; Nakamura, Mamoru

1987-01-01

There are very few literatures on successful visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma by means of 131 I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, although many reports have referred to utility of 131 I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy for adrenal disorders. Since 1976, we have experienced 4 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma which were delineated by 131 I-6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol ( 131 I-Adosterol). Three of 4 cases were adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome, and one was adrenocortical carcinoma with adrenogenital syndrome. In 3 cases of cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, uptake in the tumor and lack of uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland were seen. Faint to moderate uptakes were observed in the 2 cases, but another one showed as high uptake as seen in adenoma. Patient with androgen secreting adrenocortical carcinoma had increased uptake in the tumor and showed faint uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland. Intensity of 131 I-Adosterol uptake in adrenocortical carcinoma seems to depend on the extent of tumor necrosis, cell differentiation and function. (author)

131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izumi, Motomori; Morimoto, Isao; Yamashita, Shunichi; Hirayu, Hideshi; Nagataki, Shigenobu

1988-01-01

A newly developed radiopharmaceutical agent, 131 I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) has been reported to be very useful for locating pheochromocytoma and to be specific for pheochromocytoma and safe for humans. The first 131 I-MIBG scintiscanning in Japan which has been carried out in our clinic and the analysis of clinical experience of 131 I-MIBG scanning in Japan are presented

Sodium Iodide-131 (Na131I) AS Gelatin Capsules At TNRC-In Libya

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sherief, M. F.; Abudeeb, F. N.; Abudaia, J. A.; Elghanoudy, Y. A.

2004-01-01

In this contribution, the production of a capsulated Na 131 I radiopharmaceutical, for treatment of variety of hyperthyroidism diseases, at Tajoura Nuclear Research Center in Tripoli-Libya is described. The process requires the application of a very small volume of iodine-131 (not more than 25μ l in some cases) with radioactivities reaching some 37 GBq per capsule. The application of such volume is necessary to prevent damage to gelatin material. Loading a volume of 100 μ l of radioactive Na 131 I solution containing 37 GBq. radioactivity within a capsule filled with anhydrous sodium hydrogen phosphate as an adsorption material for Na 131 I solution brings such solution into a direct interaction with the gelatin material. This is assumed to have an inadequate effect in therapy. To overcome this problem, the work team has introduced some substantial alterations on the irradiation procedure and the process of the pre-irradiation treatment of the target. As a consequence, that has successfully culminated in production of Na 131 I capsules with proper perspective (e.g. radioactive yield of 74 GBq from 37 GBq previously and radioactive concentration of 37 GBq/ml). (Authors)

Identifying best practice in relation to Iodine-131 ablation discharges to sewers in Ireland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryan, Thomas P.; Fennell, Stepehn; McGarry, Ann; Punt, Adrian

2008-01-01

Full text: In line with a commitment in Ireland's strategy on the implementation of the Oslo-Paris Convention (OSPAR) as well as recent developments in the provision of national oncology services, best practice in relation to Iodine-131 (I-131) ablation discharges to sewers in Ireland is under review. Preparatory to this review the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII) commissioned a study of current practices in Ireland and associated doses as well as a review of international best practice and advice. Currently, there are three hospitals in Ireland at which thyroid ablation therapy procedures (large therapeutic administrations of I-131 for thyroid cancer treatment) are carried out. Only one facility has a limited capacity for delay and decay storage prior to discharge. Based on current administrations and discharges, the potentially most exposed workers comprises hospital plumbers dealing with specific incidents with estimated doses in the order of 50 to 70 μSv per incident. Doses to sewage workers and fishing communities are estimated at less than 4 μSv y -1 and 0.4 μSv y -1 respectively. Based on anticipated future service requirements in Ireland, a marginal increase in doses to some of these groups is estimated. Iodine-131 discharges to the environment and associated doses to workers and members of the public may be significantly reduced by the introduction of state-of-the-art delay and decay tanks using multi-tank vacuum systems. The justification for the introduction of a regulatory requirement to install such systems is examined taking account of: discharges to the environment, concentrations in the environment, doses to workers and members of the public, best available techniques (BAT), international best practice and advice as well as the financial implications for medical facilities. The case for retrofitting delay and decay tanks to existing medical facilities is also examined as well as the option of including such tanks in the

131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I MIBG) kinetics in a carcinoid tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiavo, R.; Concolino, G.; Fazi, F.; Iannantuono, P.; Voti, S. Li; Manzara, A.; Pavoni, P.

1987-01-01

The 131 I-MIBG kinetics was studied in vivo in patients with carcinoid tumors and liver metastases. Activity curve analysis showed that the maximum uptake of 131 I-MIBG in a carcinoid tumor occurred after 48 hours, while its biological half time was of 8 days and a half. Although more data are necessary to understand a significant variation in 131 I-MIBG kinetics between the different kinds of APUD neoplasms, it is thought that a dynamic-funtional study allowing the evaluation of the different biological half-time, could be helpful for the selection of these neoplasms, which could be treated with 131 I-MIBG. Radiation doses required for the treatment are also estimated. (M.E.L.) [es

In patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the blind administration for 131I for ablation or therapeutical purposes could be avoid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia del Rio, H.; Degrossi, Osvaldo J.; Alak, M. del C.; Balbuena, R.L.; Valest, S.; Copat, L.; Alvarez, L.

2004-01-01

Several physicians considering the possibility of stunning or under rhTSH stimulation, indicate the administration of high activities of 131 I with the uncertainty of the existence of normal or pathological thyroid tissue concentrating radioiodine. This procedure reach its maximum score in the so called 'shoot in the dark' (SD). Other groups of physicians and the medical physics, considering the increasing radio sanitary risk and the dubious results of the use of SD, are not in agree with this position. A third position is the utilization of 123 I, that remains out of possibilities for the majority of the nuclear medicine laboratories. In a effort to conciliate these mismatched positions we propose the following procedure utilizing 99m Tc as pertechnetate, as its radiation dose is negligible compared with dose of radioiodines. We study 2 groups of patients DTC, G-A, 6 patients, 5 female, 1 male, 39-56 years old; with indication of 131 I administration for follow up or therapeutic purposes, 2 with rhTSH stimulation and 4 withdrawing hormone therapy; G-B, 5 patients, 4 females 1 male, 32-92 years old, with indication of scintigraphy previous to 131 I ablation post surgery. In both groups, previous to radioiodine, the same day, 370 MBq of 99m Tc pertechnetate was administered iv and a whole body scan (WBS) and uptake (Up) of positive areas were carried out. Immediately radioiodine was administered, 148 MBq in G-A and 11.1 MBq in G-B and WBS and Up were performed at 48 and 24 hours respectively. In all patients serum figures of TSH, Tg and antibodies anti Tg were obtained. The images obtained with both radioactive tracer were similar in all cases, as well as the active areas with positive uptake values. The Up for both tracer in positive areas was different in agree with the differences in the mechanism of concentration and metabolic behavior. These preliminary results allow us to considered that 99m Tc Up and WBS could be used top determine the possibility of 131 I

Effective Half-life of I-131 in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated by Radioactive I-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Seok Gun [Dankook University, Cheonan (Korea, Republic of)

2008-12-15

Effective half life of I-131 (T{sub eff}) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated by I-131 is must-know value for dose calculation and determination of release time from isolation room. There has been no report about T{sub eff} in Koreans. Thus, author tried to measure dose rate without radiation exposure to faculty members and calculated T{sub eff}. Probe of radiation survey meter was fixed at the wall of isolation room, and body of survey meter was placed outside the room. With this simple arrangement, author could measure radiation frequently without radiation exposure to faculty members in 68 patient (F=55, M=13, age=47{+-}13.7) treated by I-131 (3.7{approx}7.4 GBq) for differentiated thyroid cancer from Jan 2006 to Dec 2006. From this data, T{sub eff}, 48 hr retention rate, and the time necessary to whole body retention of I-131 become less than 1.1 GBq were calculated. Serum creatinine levels were measured before and after thyroid hormone withdrawal. T{sub eff} was 15.4{+-}4.3 hr (9.4{approx}32.5 hr). There was a loose correlation between T{sub eff} and serum creatinine concentration (r=0.45). 48hr retention was 4.9{+-}4.2% (1{approx}23%). Time necessary to whole body retention of I-131 become less than 1.1 GBq was calculated as 47.1{+-}13.2 hr for 9.25 GBq, 42.1{+-}11.9 hr for 7.4 GBq, 35.7{+-}10.0 hr for 5.55 GBq, and 26.7{+-}7.5 hr for 3.7 GBq dose of I-131. Author successfully measured radiation dose rates in isolated patients treated by high dose of I-131 without radiation exposure to the faculty members with simple arrangement of survey meter probe. Using those data, T{sub eff} and some other indices were calculated.

Local delivery of 131I-MIBG to treat peritoneal neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinuya, Seigo; Li, Xiao-Feng; Yokoyama, Kunihiko; Michigishi, Takatoshi; Tonami, Norihisa; Mori, Hirofumi; Shiba, Kazuhiro; Watanabe, Naoto; Shuke, Noriyuki; Bunko, Hisashi

2003-01-01

Internal radiotherapy involving systemic administration of iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) in neural crest tumours such as neuroblastoma has shown considerable success. Although peritoneal seeding of neuroblastoma occurs less often than metastases to organs such as the liver, no effective treatments exist in this clinical setting. Previous reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of peritoneal application of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in several kinds of carcinomas. Local delivery of 131 I-MIBG should produce more favourable dosimetry in comparison with its systemic administration in the treatment of peritoneal neuroblastoma. In the current investigation, a peritoneal model of neuroblastoma was established in Balb/c nu/nu mice by i.p. injection of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Two weeks after cell inoculation, comparative biodistribution studies were performed following i.v. or i.p. administration of 131 I-MIBG. Mice were treated with 55.5 MBq of 131 I-MIBG administered either i.v. or i.p. at 2 weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of 131 I-MIBG produced significantly higher tumour accumulation than did i.v. injection (P 131 I-MIBG failed to improve the survival of mice; mean survival of untreated mice and mice treated with i.v. administration of 131 I-MIBG was 59.3±3.9 days and 60.6±2.8 days, respectively. On the other hand, radiotherapy delivered via i.p. administration of 131 I-MIBG prolonged survival of mice to 94.7±17.5 days (P 131 I-MIBG therapy). Radiation doses absorbed by tumours at 55.5 MBq of 131 I-MIBG were estimated to be 4,140 cGy with i.p. injection and 450 cGy with i.v. injection. These results indicate the benefits of locoregional delivery of 131 I-MIBG in the treatment of peritoneal neuroblastoma. (orig.)

Aplicaciones clínicas del radioyodo 131 (I131 en las enfermedades del tiroides Clinical applications of radioiodine 131 (I131 in the thyroid diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Levi González Rivero

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El radioyodo 131 es un isótopo radioactivo que se emplea exitosamente en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades benignas y malignas del tiroides. Su propiedad de integrarse selectivamente al metabolismo del tiroides y emitir una señal, le permite describir el funcionamiento glandular mediante estudios de captación, y delimitar la morfología y localización de los tejidos que capten yodo, a través de la gammagrafía. Es además una radioterapia sencilla, segura y coste-efectiva, usada como primera línea terapéutica en el control del hipertiroidismo, cuya dosis y momento de aplicación debería individualizarse según la etiología y la clínica de cada paciente. El radioyodo 131 ofrece una alternativa eficaz para reducir el tamaño del bocio no tóxico; además, respalda el tratamiento quirúrgico del carcinoma diferenciado del tiroides, y destruye a dosis ablativa los restos tisulares y las lesiones metastásicas que puede identificar durante el seguimiento gammagráfico. El empleo de radioyodo 131 está sujeto al cumplimiento de regulaciones de protección contra la radioactividad.Radioiodine 131 is a radioactive isotope that is successfully used for the diagnosis and the treatment of benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Its quality of selectively integrating to the thyroid metabolism and emitting a signal allows it to describe the gland functioning through capture studies, and to delimit the morphology and location of the tissues that capture iodine by means of gammagraphy. It is also a simple, safe and cost-effective radiotherapy used as first-line therapeutics in the control of hyperthyroidism. The dose and right time of application should be individualized according to the etiology and the clinic of each patient. Radioiodine 131 offers an efficient alternative to reduce the size of non-toxic goiter in addition to supporting the surgical treatment of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma and destroying with ablative doses

Metabolic comparison of radiolabeled aniline- and phenol-phthaleins with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Avcibasi, Ugur; Avcibasi, Nesibe; Unak, Turan; Unak, Perihan; Mueftueler, Fazilet Zuemruet; Yildirim, Yeliz; Dincalp, Haluk; Guemueser, Fikriye Guel; Dursun, Ebru Rueksen

2008-01-01

The metabolic comparison of aniline- and phenol-phthaleins radiolabeled with 131 I ( 131 I-APH and 131 I-PPH, respectively) has been investigated in this study. To compare the metabolic behavior of these phthaleins and their glucuronide conjugates radiolabeled with 131 I, scintigraphic and biodistributional techniques were applied using male Albino rabbits. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radioiodinated with a radioiodination yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of 131 I-APH and 131 I-PPH, which were metabolized as N- and O-glucuronides, were observed within 2 h in the bladder and in the small intestine, respectively. In the case of verification of considerably up taking of these compounds also by tumors developed in the small intestine and in the bladder tissues, these results can be expected to be encouraging to test these compounds, which will be radiolabeled with other radioiodines such as 125 I, 123 I and 124 I as imaging and therapeutic agents in nuclear medical applications

Metabolic comparison of radiolabeled aniline- and phenol-phthaleins with (131)I.

Science.gov (United States)

Avcibaşi, Uğur; Avcibaşi, Nesibe; Unak, Turan; Unak, Perihan; Müftüler, Fazilet Zümrüt; Yildirim, Yeliz; Dinçalp, Haluk; Gümüşer, Fikriye Gül; Dursun, Ebru Rükşen

2008-05-01

The metabolic comparison of aniline- and phenol-phthaleins radiolabeled with (131)I ((131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, respectively) has been investigated in this study. To compare the metabolic behavior of these phthaleins and their glucuronide conjugates radiolabeled with (131)I, scintigraphic and biodistributional techniques were applied using male Albino rabbits. The results obtained have shown that these compounds were successfully radioiodinated with a radioiodination yield of about 100%. Maximum uptakes of (131)I-APH and (131)I-PPH, which were metabolized as N- and O-glucuronides, were observed within 2 h in the bladder and in the small intestine, respectively. In the case of verification of considerably up taking of these compounds also by tumors developed in the small intestine and in the bladder tissues, these results can be expected to be encouraging to test these compounds, which will be radiolabeled with other radioiodines such as (125)I, (123)I and (124)I as imaging and therapeutic agents in nuclear medical applications.

Stability of /sup 131/I--thyroxine and of /sup 131/I-tri-iodothyronine: the influence of radiolytic disintegration on certain diagnostic tests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reviczky, A.L.; Szanto, L.

1974-01-01

The blood-protein fractions responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones (TBG, TBPA, TBA) were assayed for their thyroxine-binding capacity in the serum of the same control subject over a one-year period, by a procedure based on the isotope-dilution technique. In the dilutions of /sup 131/I--T/sub 4/ (Amersham RCC) required for the procedure, the ratio /sup 131/I--T/sub 4/:/sup 131/I--T/sub 3/ was measured in every case. Parallel with the accumulation of /sup 131/I--T/sub 3/ resulting from deiodination of /sup 131/I--T/sub 4/, the binding capacity of the individual fractions was found to have shifted from TBG to TBPA. The fact that, in contrast to the principle of the isotope-dilution technique, the labelled substance and the non-radioactive T/sub 4/ were partly different, suggests that the measurements of radioactivity do not reflect the true binding conditions of T/sub 4/. Successive batches of /sup 131/I--T/sub 3/ were examined in the same manner, and the values of the Hamolsky test were determined in the same serum. The figures displayed little variations and /sup 131/I--T/sub 3/ was also found significantly more stable than /sup 131/I--T/sub 4/. Thus, the Hamolsky test was found to represent a fairly reliable indicator of thyroid function, in contrast to measurement of the T/sub 4/-binding capacity of the blood protein fractions by the isotope-dilution technique, the results of which are uncertain and therefore inconclusive in both clinical and therapeutic respects. It is suggested that the /sup 131/I--T/sub 4/ serving for the assays should be supplied as a substance and diluted before use, but not later than a few days after preparation. The advantages of doublet tagging are pointed out.

Visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma with /sup 131/I-Adosterol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruoka, Shin; Nakamura, Mamoru

1987-01-01

There are very few literatures on successful visualization of adrenocortical carcinoma by means of /sup 131/I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy, although many reports have referred to utility of /sup 131/I-iodocholesterol scintigraphy for adrenal disorders. Since 1976, we have experienced 4 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma which were delineated by /sup 131/I-6US -iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (/sup 131/I-Adosterol). Three of 4 cases were adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome, and one was adrenocortical carcinoma with adrenogenital syndrome. In 3 cases of cortisol secreting adrenocortical carcinoma, uptake in the tumor and lack of uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland were seen. Faint to moderate uptakes were observed in the 2 cases, but another one showed as high uptake as seen in adenoma. Patient with androgen secreting adrenocortical carcinoma had increased uptake in the tumor and showed faint uptake in the contralateral adrenal gland. Intensity of /sup 131/I-Adosterol uptake in adrenocortical carcinoma seems to depend on the extent of tumor necrosis, cell differentiation and function.

/sup 131/I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy of neuroblastomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munkner, T.

1986-01-01

Sixteen neuroblastoma patients have been studied by /sup 131/I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Three patients were possibly cured, and their scintigraphy results were normal. Thirteen patients had tumors and metastases demonstrated by /sup 131/I-MIBG, two of these patients had a normal vanillylmandelic acid excretion levels. One patient has been treated by /sup 131/I-MIBG, but died. /sup 131/I-MIBG was concentrated in other cells too, e.g., in erythrocytes and platelets. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid malignant disease in children. It has a poor prognosis in patients more than one year old. Early detection and a display of the spread of the tumor is of utmost importance for planning and controlling the treatment. Mass screening for neuroblastoma in infants has been suggested and tried in Japan. Scintigraphy after injection of /sup 131/I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine has been used successfully for locating neuroblastomas. An initial study failed to demonstrate neuroblastoma by means of MIBG in two patients. Since the latter part of 1983, MIBG has been used in a number of European centers for imaging neuroblastomas with very promising results, and a multicenter investigation has been initiated. The Ann Arbor group has recently extended its studies to a group of ten patients and has confirmed the European results

Quality control procedures for iodinated radiopharmaceuticals 131I-Hippuran and 131I-Risa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toledo e Souza, I.T. de; Pereira, N.P.S. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1986-02-01

A rapid miniaturized chromatography system was developed for fast determination of the proportion of inorganic radioactive iodide from radiopharmaceutical 131 I-Hippuran and 131 I-Risa. The technical parameters associated with miniaturized chromatography system were evaluated. One of the problems found in this system was the movement of the 131 I-Risa from the origin with consequent overestimation of the inorganic iodide. A correct spot placement eliminated this problem. (Author) [pt

The role of postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy in estimation of remnant mass and prediction of successful ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozdemir, Didem; Cuhaci, Fatma N; Ozdemir, Elif; Aydin, Cevdet; Ersoy, Reyhan; Turkolmez, Seyda; Cakir, Bekir

2016-06-01

Surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation constitute the mainstay of the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of postoperative early Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning to detect remnant thyroid tissue and predict ablation success. DTC patients evaluated with postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy and treated with RAI between January 2007 and December 2014 were recruited. The results of Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning were compared with therapeutic I-131 whole-body scanning (TxWBS) and diagnostic I-131 whole-body scanning (DxWBS) performed 6-9 months after RAI. There were 154 (21.5%) male and 563 (78.5%) female patients, with a mean age of 49.11±12.35 years. Postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning was positive in 499 patients (69.6%) and negative in 218 (30.4%) patients. There were 673 (93.9%) patients with a positive TxWBS scan and 44 (6.1%) patients with negative TxWBS scan. Considering TxWBS as the standard test, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning were 72.2, 70.5, 97.4, and 14.2%, respectively. DxWBS was positive in 57 (9.0%) and negative in 564 (91%) patients. Ablation dose was higher and preablation thyroglobulin was lower in patients with negative DxWBS (P=0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Overall, 171 (92.9%) of 184 patients with negative Tc-99m pertechnetate had negative DxWBS. Postoperative Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy has a high positive predictive value to detect remnant tissue in patients with DTC. Although negative Tc-99m pertechnetate scanning does not indicate removal of all thyroid tissue, it is related to successful ablation in more than 90% of patients.

Treatment's results of hyperthyroid patients with Iodine-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bastan-Hagh, M.H.; Larijani, B.; Rahim-Tabrizi, P.; Khalili-Fard, A.R.; Baradar-Jalili, R.; Saghari, M.

2004-01-01

Introduction: radioiodine ( 131 I) is an effective and inexpensive alternative to surgery in the treatment of thyroid hyper function. The debate today concerns the maximum and minimum ablative doses, and factors leading to hypothyroidism. Patients and method: 1035 hyperthyroid patients treated with weight-adjusted ablative doses of 131 I were retrospectively assessed for treatment outcome or correlated with sex, age, underlying pathology, and administrated dose of 131 I . Results: Thyroid hyper function was more common in women. The greatest proportions of patients were in the 31-40 years age group and the smallest proportion over -70. The commonest underlying pathology was Grave's disease. Men had a lower response rate to 131 I therapy, with 2.4-fold greater probability of persistent hyperthyroidism (P 131 I hypothyroidism decreased with increasing age (P 131 I therapy was seen in patients with toxic adenoma, (P=0.0001). The incidence of hypothyroidism did not show a positive correction with increased administered dose of 131 I (P 131 I was effective in reducing thyroid nodule size. There were 18 cases of temporary hyperthyroidism, all of which recovered to euthyroid status within 12 months. Conclusion: one dose of radioiodine was effective in treatment of hyperthyroid patients in 91.2 % of cases. Age, sex and underlying pathology were determining factors. In most cases the average time to hypothyroidism was reasonably short, obviating the need for long time follow up in these patients

Synthesis of (131)I-labeled-[(131)I]iodo-17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin ([(131)I]iodo-17-AAG) and its biodistribution in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Daozhen, Chen; Lu, Liu; Min, Yang; Xinyu, Jiang; Ying, Huang

2007-10-01

The aim of this study was to examine the radioiodinating condition of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (17-AAG) and observe its biodistribution in the hepatoma cell line HepA tumorearing ICR mice for understanding the possibility of its application in nuclear medicine. [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na[(131)I] in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The stability of [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG was measured by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The distributions in HepA tumor-bearing ICR mice at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after injection of [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG were measured. Tumor uptake studies were performed in HepA tumor-bearing ICR mice. The labeling yield was over 83%. The radiochemical purity of [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG was 99.6% after purification. The specific activity was greater than 4 Ci/micromol. The labeled compound was stable for at least 120 hours in saline at 4 degrees C. It was initially in blood at 5 minutes with 4.79% of injected dose per g of tissue (%ID/g), and then dropped 0.33% ID/g at 24 hours. The uptake in liver, lung, and kidney at 4.44% ID/g, 2.03% ID/g, and 2.17% ID/g decreased with time, and less than 1% ID/g was measured after 24 hours in those organs. There was rapid tumor uptake, which reached 1.26% ID/g at 0.5 hours, the highest uptake at 8 hours. Yet, the [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG in the contralateral muscle was at a low level during the 48 hours. The tumor-contralateral muscle (T/CM) radioactivity ratio for [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG remained constant at all time points. [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG can be efficiently radiolabeled at high specific activity, purified by HPLC and stored with little radiolysis at this specific activities. [(131)I]iodo-17-AAG is a promising radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine, especially for tumor-targeted radionuclide brachytherapy.

Methodology for management of therapeutic dose of I-131; Metodologia para administrar dosis terapeutica de I-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basteris M, J.; Gomez D, R. [Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Medicina, Merida, Yucatan (Mexico)

2007-07-01

The present work suggests the use of measures guided to eliminate the resulting chronic sialoadenitis of the treatment previously described with a therapeutic dose bigger than ablative of Iodine 131, as well as the use of citric fruits to stimulate the salivation, the administration of liquid post-dose is included to accelerate the gastric emptying avoiding the secondary effects as the vomit. (Author)

Bone metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer: the importance of early diagnosis and 131I therapy on prognosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zanotti-Fregonara, P.; Rubello, D.; Hindie, E.

2008-01-01

Complete text of publication follows: Distant metastases are found at diagnosis or during follow-up in 10%-15% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Bone is the second most commonly involved site. Patients with bone metastases, whether isolated or associated with lung metastases, have a markedly poor prognosis. Ten-year survival rates range from 13% to 21%. Given such poor prognosis, the use of 131 I therapy has been questioned. However, it might well be that poor prognosis of bone metastases can be overcome if 131 I therapy is delivered at an early stage, when tumor burden is small, as previously demonstrated for pulmonary metastases. A review of a large series of patients showed that only rarely were bone metastases diagnosed at an early stage. Among 109 patients with bone metastases reported by Bernier et al., only 4 had both radioiodine uptake and a negative standard radiography examination. Similarly, Durante et al. reported that only 8 of 115 patients had negative radiography findings at presentation. Prognosis may improve if bone metastases are detected earlier. In a recent study, bone metastases were first detected by 131 I scanning in 8 of 16 patients, when complementary radiologic studies were negative. Six of these patients showed an excellent response to 131 I therapy. Today, the nuclear medicine community is well armed for this challenge toward earlier diagnosis. Postsurgery thyroid remnant ablation is more widely used. The 131 I whole body scan associated with thyroid remnant ablation after thyroidectomy has a major role in early diagnosis of functioning distant metastases at a time when complementary imaging techniques (CT, MRI, bone scanning) are often still showing negative findings. Early diagnosis of specific 131 I-avid bone foci will be improved with the advent and generalization of SPECT/CT. When early diagnosis is achieved, repeated 131 I therapy can be effective by targeting not only visible metastases but also those still too small

Estimation of parameters biokinetics from the resolution of a model compartment for I-131. Application to a patient with thyroid carcinoma hemodialysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia, R.; Jimenez Feltstrom, D.; Luis dimon, F. J.; Sanchez Carmona, G.; Herrador Cordoba, M.

2013-01-01

This work aims to define a biokinetic model for the I-131, and solve it for different conditions of the patient or person affected (normal, with cancer of the thyroid or hyperthyroid). Solve the model in the case of a patient treated with I-131 for ablation of thyroid remnants with undergoing renal insufficiency and hemodialysis . Get the parameters Biokinetic this model for different situations. (Author)

Effect of the hypo iodic diet in thyroid uptake. Its utility for 131I applications in differentiated thyroid carcinomas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brisoli, Jorge; Perinetti, Hector; Borremans, Carlos; Notti, Alberto

2005-01-01

Full text: To evaluate and to quantify the real profit of a hypo iodic diet before using a 131 I in DTC, are analyzed the values obtained in 213 patients in whom 364 controls were done with uptake tests before given the control, ablative and therapeutic 131 I doses. The patients were discriminated in 8 groups according as if they were treated with surgery, surgery and ablative or therapeutic 131 I, if surgery was realized by specialist or general surgeon. It also was considered if they had done or not the hypo iodic diet before the control. In those patients that were operated and checked by specialists in thyroid pathologies, it was verified a moderate increase in the uptake values (a little but more than 20% in patients that had done a previous diet). In the thyroidectomized group the average uptake in 88 patients with diet was 10.3%, and in 27 patients without diet 8.0%, with a difference of more than 22% in the formers. In patients with surgery that received complementary 131 I, the average uptake in 95 measurements was 1.1% with previous diet, and 0.8% in 11 patients that did not accomplish the diet, with a difference of 21% more uptake when hypo iodic diet was done. The results in patients with surgeries performed by a general surgeon (143 controls) were uncertain and in some cases illogical. These results are related with the surgery magnitude. Conclusion: The hypo iodic diet moderately increases (around more than 20%) the uptake values of the remnant tissue, postsurgery. The increase is proportional to the amount of tissue. The previous diet is considered necessary before an ablative, therapeutic dose, or in those cases that for clinical or complementary evidences (i.e: thyroglobulin) are supposed to be carriers of significant amounts of thyroid tissue. Because of the relative bother and the minimal difference found in patients well ablationed, it would not be necessary in those patients with low uptake in previous controls. Without having it as a goal

Bone metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer: the importance of early diagnosis and {sup 131}I therapy on prognosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zanotti-Fregonara, P. [CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, UMNRC, Orsay (France); Rubello, D. [Santa Maria Misericordia Hosp, Rovigo (Italy); Hindie, E. [Hop StLouis, Paris (France)

2008-07-01

Complete text of publication follows: Distant metastases are found at diagnosis or during follow-up in 10%-15% of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Bone is the second most commonly involved site. Patients with bone metastases, whether isolated or associated with lung metastases, have a markedly poor prognosis. Ten-year survival rates range from 13% to 21%. Given such poor prognosis, the use of {sup 131}I therapy has been questioned. However, it might well be that poor prognosis of bone metastases can be overcome if {sup 131}I therapy is delivered at an early stage, when tumor burden is small, as previously demonstrated for pulmonary metastases. A review of a large series of patients showed that only rarely were bone metastases diagnosed at an early stage. Among 109 patients with bone metastases reported by Bernier et al., only 4 had both radioiodine uptake and a negative standard radiography examination. Similarly, Durante et al. reported that only 8 of 115 patients had negative radiography findings at presentation. Prognosis may improve if bone metastases are detected earlier. In a recent study, bone metastases were first detected by {sup 131}I scanning in 8 of 16 patients, when complementary radiologic studies were negative. Six of these patients showed an excellent response to {sup 131}I therapy. Today, the nuclear medicine community is well armed for this challenge toward earlier diagnosis. Postsurgery thyroid remnant ablation is more widely used. The {sup 131}I whole body scan associated with thyroid remnant ablation after thyroidectomy has a major role in early diagnosis of functioning distant metastases at a time when complementary imaging techniques (CT, MRI, bone scanning) are often still showing negative findings. Early diagnosis of specific {sup 131}I-avid bone foci will be improved with the advent and generalization of SPECT/CT. When early diagnosis is achieved, repeated {sup 131}I therapy can be effective by targeting not only visible

In vivo biological evaluation of 131I radiolabeled-paclitaxel glucuronide (131I-PAC-G)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aslan, O.; Biber Muftuler, F.Z.; Yurt Kilcar, A.; Ichedef, C.; Unak, P.

2012-01-01

Paclitaxel (PAC) is a natural occurring diterpene alkoloid originally isolated from the bark of Taxus Brevifolia. It is one of the most important antitumor agents for clinical treatment of ovarian, breast non-small cell lung and prostate cancers. It is known that these types of cancer cells have high β-glucuronidase enzyme which can catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronides. This is why the synthesis compounds which undergo glucuronidation come into question in the imaging and therapy of these cancer cells. The aim of current study is conjugation of glucuronic acid (G) to the starting substance PAC, labeling with 131 I and to perform its in vivo biological evaluation. Glucuronic acid derived paclitaxel compound [paclitaxel-glucuronide (PAC-G)] was labeled with 131 I using iodogen method. According to thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) method, the radiochemical yield of 131 I-PAC-G was 84.30 ± 7.40% (n=10). The biodistribution of 131 I-PAC-G in healthy female and male Wistar Albino rats has been investigated. Imaging studies on male Balb-C mice were performed by using the Kodak FX PRO in vivo Imaging System. The range of the breast/blood, breast/muscle; ovary/blood, ovary/muscle ratios is approximately between 1.29 and 11.34 in 240 min, and between 0.71 and 8.24 in 240 min for female rats. The prostate/blood and prostate/muscle ratio is between 1.94 and 6.95 in 30 min for male rats. All these experimental studies indicate that 131 I-PAC-G may potentially be used in breast, ovary and prostate tissues as an imaging agent. Also it is thought that 131 I-PAC-G bears a therapy potential because of the 131 I radionuclide and can be improved with further investigations. (orig.)

A review of best practice in relation to iodine-131 ablation discharges to sewer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Punt, A.; Kruse, P.; Smith, K

2010-03-01

This report was produced by Enviros Consulting Ltd under contract to the RPII. It presents a review of best practice in relation to the management of iodine-131 ablation discharges to sewer and recommends a waste management strategy that could be adopted in the Republic of Ireland

Analysis of pelvic 131I uptake after 131I whole body scan in patients with thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kou Ying; Liu Jianzhong; Hao Xinzhong; Wu Lixiang; Lu Keyi; Yang Suyun; Shi Xiaoli; Hu Tingting

2014-01-01

Objective: To analyze and explore the possible mechanism for pelvic 131 I uptake after 131 I post treatment whole body scan (Rx-WBS)in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods: (1) Data were retrospectively reviewed from 168 female patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (everyone has a Rx-WBS). (2) 46 patients were accepted by analyzing the characteristics of Rx-WBS and combing with some inclusion criteria,and then followed up. Results: Among the 46 patients (46 positions accumulated 131 I) with significant pelvic 131 I uptake, 6 patients had two reasons leading to pelvic 131 I uptake, and 2 patients had no specific reason. Among the 50 reasons for pelvic 131 I uptake, 41 reasons related with uterus, 3 reasons related to rectum, 5 related to bladder and 1 related to ovarian chocolate cyst. Among the 41 reasons related to uterus, by combining the examinations of SPECT/CT, ultrasound, CT and the follow-up results, 18 were uterine leiomyomas, 9 were intrauterine devices, 2 were endometrial thickening, 3 were uterine cavity effusion, 7 were menstrual periods, 1 were uterine adenomyosis, 1 were gestational sac. Conclusions: (1) In the Rx-WBS of female, the significant pelvic 131 I uptake is generally caused by uterus, but not bladder. And it usually means gynecological disease, especially uterine leiomyomas when excluding physiological factors. (2) It is generally easy to differentiate bladder from rectum because they have different characteristic features of the pelvic 131 I uptake. (3) SPECT/CT plays a very important role in locating 131 I uptake in uterus. (authors)

Diagnosis of Constitutional Hyperbilirubinemias by Sequential Scanning with 131I-BSP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueda, Hideo; Lio, Masahiro; Yamada, Hideo; Kamada, Haruo; Luchi, Masahiko; Ishiwa, Mamoru

1971-01-01

Sequential liver scanning was introduced for the diagnosis of medical and surgical jaundices by Yamada and Taplin (1) using 131 I-Rose Bengal. Following this trial authors have reevaluated the 131 I-BSP (monoiodide) (2) and applied this dye successfully for the same purpose as well as for hepatic function study (2). In this paper, taking note of the fact that 131 I-BSP sequential scanning method makes visible the mechanism of liver uptake, intrahepatic transport and biliary excretion of this dye, the authors aimed to make clear the classification of constitutional hyperbilirubinemias and the pathophysiology of this disease subjects, which are still controversial among researchers.

An experiment to use medical I-131 as tracer in a city sewer system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ulbrich, Susanne; Fischer, Helmut W. [University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen (Germany)

2014-07-01

City sewer systems have to reliably carry residential and industrial wastewater to treatment plants, often mixed with rainwater. Transport in the sewer system is regularly modelled in order to predict sewerage levels, transport velocities and volume discharges. Radioisotopes would be interesting tracers, as they can be detected quickly and without the need of applying wet chemistry. Medical isotopes are released in large quantities (many MBq) by excretion from patients either at the location of administration or from elsewhere, most probably the patient's home. Depending on diagnostic or treatment modality, isotopes of different physical characteristics are used, often bound to compounds of specific metabolic behaviour. Routine environmental surveillance regularly detects the most common diagnostic ({sup 99m}Tc) and therapeutic ({sup 131}I) isotopes in city wastewater samples. Except for {sup 131}I in the case of a nuclear emergency, no contributions from sources other than medical are expected. Medical isotopes therefore might be used for tracing purposes, provided individual inputs can be identified and separated. A field experiment has been designed involving {sup 131}I releases from a single patient who had undergone radioiodine thyroid ablation therapy. This modality is applied after thyroid cancer surgery in order to destroy residual thyroid tissue. Activities up to 5 GBq of {sup 131}I are used which are excreted within few days, as no iodine-retaining thyroid tissue remains. In Germany, about 20,000 of these treatments are performed yearly. For a sewer system of 500,000 inhabitants, about 150 cases would be expected per year, making it quite improbable to have interference between individual patient releases in the same region of the city sewer system. Practically, the radiometric laboratory was informed of the expected release of an (anonymous) patient from the collaborating radiotherapy unit several days in advance, plus the approximate location of

Management of low-risk patients with thyroid carcinoma and detectable thyroglobulin on T4 after thyroidectomy and ablation with iodine-131

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Rosario, Pedro Weslley Souza [Clinica de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (CEPCEM), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa]. E-mail: pedrorosario@globo.com; Borges, Michelle A.R.; Costa, Graciela B.C.; Resende, Leonardo L.; Padrao, Eduardo L.; Barroso, Alvaro L.; Purish, Saulo [Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Tireoide. Servico de Endocrinologia; Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Servico de Medicina Nuclear

2007-01-15

Objective: To evaluate the positive predictive value of detectable Tg during T4 therapy (Tg on T4) in patients with thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and remnant ablation, discussing the work-up in this situation and the empirical indication of {sup 131}I. Patients and methods: Initially, 234 low-risk patients [tumor {<=} 5 cm, completely resected, no extensive extrathyroid invasion (pT4)] submitted to total thyroidectomy and ablation with {sup 131}I (3.7-5.5 GBq) who presented no ectopic uptake on RxWBS were studied. Of these, 23 patients with detectable Tg on T4 (> 1 ng/ml) during the first year after initial therapy were selected. Results: Metastases were detected by neck US in 7 patients, by chest CT in 2 and by US and CT in 3. Four of five patients with lung metastases upon CT had a positive RxWBS. Eleven patients with negative US and CT received a new {sup 131}I dose (without DxWBS), and RxWBS showed ectopic uptake in 3 patients. Among the patients with negative RxWBS, 7 remained free of apparent disease and Tg was declining (5 with undetectable Tg on T4 at the end of the study). One patient presented an increase in Tg and FDG-PET was positive for lymph node and bone metastases. Conclusions: All patients with Tg on T4 > 5 ng/ml presented apparent disease. In these cases, even when US and CT are negative, the administration of a therapeutic dose of {sup 131}I (without DxWBS) and FDG-PET are recommended. Among patients with detectable Tg on T4 {<=} 5 ng/ml and negative US and CT, only 12% presented ectopic uptake on RxWBS. These cases could be followed up by monitoring Tg on T4, and RxWBS and FDG-PET should only be performed if this marker does not decrease after 1-2 years. (author)

Management of low-risk patients with thyroid carcinoma and detectable thyroglobulin on T4 after thyroidectomy and ablation with iodine-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosario, Pedro Weslley Souza; Borges, Michelle A.R.; Costa, Graciela B.C.; Resende, Leonardo L.; Padrao, Eduardo L.; Barroso, Alvaro L.; Purish, Saulo; Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, MG

2007-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the positive predictive value of detectable Tg during T4 therapy (Tg on T4) in patients with thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and remnant ablation, discussing the work-up in this situation and the empirical indication of 131 I. Patients and methods: Initially, 234 low-risk patients [tumor ≤ 5 cm, completely resected, no extensive extrathyroid invasion (pT4)] submitted to total thyroidectomy and ablation with 131 I (3.7-5.5 GBq) who presented no ectopic uptake on RxWBS were studied. Of these, 23 patients with detectable Tg on T4 (> 1 ng/ml) during the first year after initial therapy were selected. Results: Metastases were detected by neck US in 7 patients, by chest CT in 2 and by US and CT in 3. Four of five patients with lung metastases upon CT had a positive RxWBS. Eleven patients with negative US and CT received a new 131 I dose (without DxWBS), and RxWBS showed ectopic uptake in 3 patients. Among the patients with negative RxWBS, 7 remained free of apparent disease and Tg was declining (5 with undetectable Tg on T4 at the end of the study). One patient presented an increase in Tg and FDG-PET was positive for lymph node and bone metastases. Conclusions: All patients with Tg on T4 > 5 ng/ml presented apparent disease. In these cases, even when US and CT are negative, the administration of a therapeutic dose of 131 I (without DxWBS) and FDG-PET are recommended. Among patients with detectable Tg on T4 ≤ 5 ng/ml and negative US and CT, only 12% presented ectopic uptake on RxWBS. These cases could be followed up by monitoring Tg on T4, and RxWBS and FDG-PET should only be performed if this marker does not decrease after 1-2 years. (author)

Success of the postoperative {sup 131}I therapy in young Belarusian patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after Chernobyl depends on the radiation absorbed dose to the blood and the thyroglobulin level

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haenscheid, Heribert; Verburg, Frederik Anton; Diessl, Stefanie [University of Wuerzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuerzburg (Germany); Biko, Johannes; Reiners, Christoph [University of Wuerzburg, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuerzburg (Germany); Belarusian-German Foundation ' Help for Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer Patients ' ' Arnica' ' ' , Minsk (Belarus); Demidchik, Yuri E. [Belarusian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Minsk (Belarus); Drozd, Valentina [Belarusian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Minsk (Belarus); Belarusian-German Foundation ' Help for Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer Patients ' ' Arnica' ' ' , Minsk (Belarus)

2011-07-15

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in children and young adults is rare but often aggressive and in an advanced stage at diagnosis. In a cohort of young Belarusian patients with advanced DTC after Chernobyl we retrospectively studied parameters influencing the success of the postoperative {sup 131}I therapy. Included in the study were 136 patients (83 female, 53 male; median age 14.3 years, range 9.4-22.8 years) who had had total thyroidectomy in Belarus and subsequent {sup 131}I therapy and follow-up in Germany. Of the 136 patients, 34 were classified as M1 and 102 as M0 (N0 1, N1 101). The median weight-adjusted {sup 131}I activity administered after thyroid hormone withdrawal was 52 MBq/kg (range 24-74 MBq/kg). TNM stage, gender, administered activity, whole-body residence time and blood dose during ablation, Tg and TSH levels, date, and age at time of treatment were tested for their effect on the rate of complete remission (CR). CR was defined as a negative scan and a stimulated Tg level of <1 ng/ml at follow-up. CR was observed in 1 of 34 M1 and in 51 of 102 M0 patients after the first treatment. Multivariate analysis in the M0 group identified the Tg level (P < 0.0001 for log(Tg)) and the radiation absorbed dose to the blood (P < 0.001) as independent determinants; all other parameters were unimportant (P > 0.3). The regression model was able to correctly predict CR in 82 of 102 patients (80.4%). In children and young adults with advanced DTC, the rate of CR after postoperative {sup 131}I therapy is dependent on the preablative Tg level and the radiation absorbed dose to the blood. Though the present results must be confirmed in a prospective study, they imply that preablative dosimetry may improve rates of CR. (orig.)

Comparative study of 131I with 131I plus lithium carbonate in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang Yuguo; Kuang Anren; Guan Changtian

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effects of lithium carbonate on serum TSH, FT 3 , FT 4 and thyroid mass volume in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism treated with 131 I. Methods: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed, untreated Graves' disease (GD) and nonsevere or absent Graves' ophthalmopathy, were randomly assigned to group 1 and group 2. The 1st group was treated with 131 I therapy only, the 2nd group with 131 I plus lithium carbonate. All subjects were evaluated for changes in serum TSH, FT 3 and FT 4 as well as thyroid mass volume at the 7, 14, 30 d after 131 I therapy. Differences between the two groups in thyroid mass volume, serum FT 4 , FT 3 , and TSH levels at each interval were evaluated by ANCOVA. Results: Serum FT 4 and FT 3 levels increased shortly after 131 I therapy only in group 1, and decreased in group 2. The differences of serum FT 3 and FT 4 levels between the two groups were significant. Conclusion: It is important for GD patients to accept lithium carbonate treatment and 131 I therapy simultaneously in order to decrease the serum FT 3 and FT 4 levels caused by 131 I therapy

Usefulness of {sup 131}I-SPECT/CT and {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT in evaluating successful {sup 131}I and retinoic acid combined therapy in a patient with metastatics struma ovarii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seo, Hyo Jung; Lee, In Ki; Kang, Keon Wook; Lee, Dong Soo; Chung, June Key [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Ryu, Young Hoon [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Min, Hye Sook [Dept. of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Dae Hee [Dept. of Oncology, GSAM Hosptial, Gunpo (Korea, Republic of)

2015-03-15

Metastatic struma ovarii is an extremely rare disease, and the treatment of choice has not been established. Here, we introduce the case of a 36-year-old female pregnant patient with metastatic struma ovarii. Initial treatment was an exploratory laparotomy to remove multiple peritoneal masses. After delivery, a total thyroidectomy was done for the further {sup 131}I-therapy. {sup 131}I-SPECT/CT and {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple hepatic metastases and extensive peritoneal seeding nodules. Multiple {sup 131}I and retinoic acid combination therapies were performed, resulting in marked improvement. {sup 131}I-SPECT/CT and {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT were quite useful for evaluating the biologic characteristics of the metastase.

Long-term follow-up study of I-131 therapy for Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kusakabe, Kiyoko; Nakano, Keiko; Maki, Masako

1990-01-01

We have studied the follow-up of thyroid function in the patients with late-onset hypothyroidism and euthyroidism after I-131 therapy of hyperthyroidism. Thirty three patients who did not need the thyroid treatment until ten years after I-131 therapy were classified as euthyroid group. And eleven patients who needed the thyroid supplement of thyroid hormone for late-onset hypothyroidism were classified as hypothyroid group. Patients in both groups who required only a single dose of I-131 for successful treatment of hyperthyroidism had similar age, gland size, 24 hour I-131 uptake, pretreatment serum T 3 uptake level and T 4 concentration, and I-131 treatment dose. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurred in 28.6% of euthyroid group and 66.7% of hypothyroid group four months after I-131 therapy. The levels of T 3 were recovered to higher than normal range at 6 months in euthyroid group, while the levels of T 3 were kept within the normal range in the seventy percent of hypothyroid group. Patients who were still lower in the level of T 3 uptake than normal range at 6 months had a higher incidence of late-onset hypothyroidism. Our observation showed no significant difference in the course of follow-up studies after I-131 therapy between the patients with late-onset hypothyroidism and euthyroidism. (author)

Thyroid cancer following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Iwao

1980-01-01

A women aged 37 who had thyroid cancer after 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism was reported. She had received various conservative therapies and surgical treatments for hyperthyroidism for 10 years before 131 I therapy. Similar cases were picked out from many reports, and their clinical characteristics were discussed. The incidence of thyroid cancer after 131 I therapy, age and sex of patients, dosage of 131 I, histological changes after the irradiation of 131 I, sites of thyroid cancer, and the relationship between 131 I therapy and the occurrence time of thyroid cancer were also considered. (Tsunoda, M.)

In vivo biological evaluation of {sup 131}I radiolabeled-paclitaxel glucuronide ({sup 131}I-PAC-G)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aslan, O.; Biber Muftuler, F.Z.; Yurt Kilcar, A.; Ichedef, C.; Unak, P. [Ege Univ., Izmir (Turkey). Dept. of Nuclear Applications

2012-07-01

Paclitaxel (PAC) is a natural occurring diterpene alkoloid originally isolated from the bark of Taxus Brevifolia. It is one of the most important antitumor agents for clinical treatment of ovarian, breast non-small cell lung and prostate cancers. It is known that these types of cancer cells have high {beta}-glucuronidase enzyme which can catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronides. This is why the synthesis compounds which undergo glucuronidation come into question in the imaging and therapy of these cancer cells. The aim of current study is conjugation of glucuronic acid (G) to the starting substance PAC, labeling with {sup 131}I and to perform its in vivo biological evaluation. Glucuronic acid derived paclitaxel compound [paclitaxel-glucuronide (PAC-G)] was labeled with {sup 131}I using iodogen method. According to thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) method, the radiochemical yield of {sup 131}I-PAC-G was 84.30 {+-} 7.40% (n=10). The biodistribution of {sup 131}I-PAC-G in healthy female and male Wistar Albino rats has been investigated. Imaging studies on male Balb-C mice were performed by using the Kodak FX PRO in vivo Imaging System. The range of the breast/blood, breast/muscle; ovary/blood, ovary/muscle ratios is approximately between 1.29 and 11.34 in 240 min, and between 0.71 and 8.24 in 240 min for female rats. The prostate/blood and prostate/muscle ratio is between 1.94 and 6.95 in 30 min for male rats. All these experimental studies indicate that {sup 131}I-PAC-G may potentially be used in breast, ovary and prostate tissues as an imaging agent. Also it is thought that {sup 131}I-PAC-G bears a therapy potential because of the {sup 131}I radionuclide and can be improved with further investigations. (orig.)

Toxicity of upfront {sup 131}I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ({sup 131}I-MIBG) therapy in newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients: a retrospective analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bleeker, Gitta; Schoot, Reineke A.; Caron, Huib N.; Kraker, Jan de; Tytgat, Godelieve A. [Emma Children' s Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Department of Paediatric Oncology, PO Box 22700, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Hoefnagel, Cees A. [National Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Eck, Berthe L. van [Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2013-10-15

In the treatment of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, different doses of {sup 131}I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ({sup 131}I-MIBG) are administered at different time points during treatment. Toxicity, mainly haematological (thrombocytopenia), from {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy is known to occur in extensively chemotherapy pretreated neuroblastoma patients. Up to now, acute toxicity from {sup 131}I-MIBG as initial treatment has never been studied in a large cohort. The aim of this retrospective study was to document acute toxicity related to upfront {sup 131}I-MIBG. All neuroblastoma patients (stages 1-4 and 4S) treated upfront with {sup 131}I-MIBG at the Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre (1992 - 2008) were included in this retrospective analysis. The acute toxicity (during therapy) and short-term toxicity (1st month following therapy) of the first two {sup 131}I-MIBG therapies were studied. Of 66 patients (34 boys, 32 girls; median age 2.2 years, range 0.1 - 9.4 years), 49 had stage 4 disease, 5 stage 4S, 6 stage 3, 1 stage 2 and 5 stage 1. The median first dose was 441 MBq/kg (range 157 - 804 MBq/kg). The median second dose was 328 MBq/kg (range 113 - 727 MBq/kg). The most frequently observed symptoms were nausea and vomiting (21 %, maximum grade II). The main toxicity was grade IV haematological, occurring only in stage 4 patients, after the first and second {sup 131}I-MIBG therapies: anaemia (5 % and 4 %, respectively), leucocytopenia (3 % and 4 %) and thrombocytopenia (2 % and 4 %). No stem cell rescue was needed. The main acute toxicity observed was haematological followed by nausea and vomiting. One patient developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy, possibly related to {sup 131}I-MIBG. We consider {sup 131}I-MIBG therapy to be a safe treatment modality. (orig.)

Diagnostic 131I whole-body scintigraphy 1 year after thyroablative therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: correlation of results to the individual risk profile and long-term follow-up

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berger, Frank; Friedrich, Ulla; Knesewitsch, Peter; Hahn, Klaus

2011-01-01

131 I whole-body scan (WBS) and serum thyroglobulin (TG) are important in detecting thyroid remnants or recurrent disease in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Usually, a diagnostic WBS is carried out 6 months after ablation to exclude residual disease. We retrospectively analysed results of a second routine diagnostic WBS and TG measurements at 1 year after thyroablation and correlated these to the risk profile of patients with long-term follow-up. A total of 197 patients were followed up after thyroidectomy and ablative 131 I therapy. Follow-up included clinical examination, radioiodine WBS and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine and TG measurements at 3-6 months and 1 year after ablation. WBS (+) patients received a therapeutic activity of 131 I. The risk profile of patients was defined according to clinical results before the 1-year control. Clinical results at 1 year after ablation were analysed in correlation to the patient risk profile and long-term follow-up data (mean 7.2 years). One year after thyroablation, 95.8% of low-risk patients had no residual disease when diagnostic WBS was carried out using 370 MBq 131 I; 4.2% of low-risk patients had residual disease at this time point. In the high-risk group of this cohort, 54.5% were disease-free 1 year after ablation, but 45.5% demonstrated residual disease. After the 1-year control, 94% of all applied radioiodine therapies were executed in the high-risk group, compared with 6% in the low-risk group (p < 0.01). A second routine WBS 1 year after thyroablation is not indicated in low-risk patients. Risk stratification according to the early clinical course effectively identified patients with higher likelihood of persistent or recurrent disease in the long-term follow-up. (orig.)

Behavior of Na131I and meta(131I) iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in municipal sewerage.

Science.gov (United States)

Fenner, F D; Martin, J E

1997-08-01

Behavior of 131I activity in primary sludge at the Ann Arbor, Michigan, Municipal Waste Water Treatment Plant was studied in relation to known radioiodine therapy events at the University of Michigan Hospital complex. The principal compounds administered are Na131I, which has widespread use, and meta (131I) iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), which is a compound unique to the University of Michigan, although labeled antibodies and other forms are also used in therapy and research. The objectives of the study were to determine the environmental fate of such discharges and to determine radiation exposures to workers and the public when sludges are incinerated. Approximately 17% of the MIBG activity administered in a therapy was found in the primary sludge, whereas only 1.1% of the Na131I was in sludge. When land applied, the short half life of 131I in the sludge presents few radiological health concerns; however, incineration, which is done in winter months, is assumed to release organically bound 131I to the atmosphere. Radiation doses due to incineration of sludge containing measured concentrations were calculated for a maximally exposed worker to be 1.7 microSv (0.17 mrem) of which 0.48 microSv (0.048 mrem) was due to a 2-d upset condition. For a more typically exposed worker, and a member of the public, the committed effective dose equivalents were 1.2 microSv (0.12 mrem) and 0.06 microSv (0.006 mrem), respectively, for a 22-wk incineration period with release of all radioiodine in the sludge. Transport time to the treatment plant for radioiodine was found to be much longer than that of normal sewage, possibly due to organic material in sewer lines that absorb iodine. The residence time of radioiodine in the sewer also appears to be longer than expected; whether other radioactive materials are held up the same way is not known but chemical form is surely a factor.

Determination of inorganic radioiodine in 131I- Rose Bengal and 131I- bromosulphthalein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toledo e Souza, I.T. de; Pereira, N.P.S. de; Silva, C.P.G. da.

1985-01-01

A rapid miniaturized chromatographic system was developed for fast determination of the proportion of inorganic radioactive iodide from radiopharmaceuticals 131 I-Rose Bengal and 131 I-Bromosulphthalein. Using 33% W/V aqueous solution of ammonium sulphate pH 7,5 as a solvent Rf values for radiopharmaceuticals, iodide, iodate to Rf 0,0 0,5 0,9 respectively. The chromatographic quality control procedures are easy to use, rapid and can be incorporated in a routine quality control program. (Author) [pt

Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma using (123I)-compared with (131I)-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furuta, Nozomu; Kiyota, Hiroshi; Yoshigoe, Fukuo; Hasegawa, Norio; Ohishi, Yukihiko

1999-01-01

Patient with pheochromocytoma (PCT) cannot be cured without operation, therefore, preoperative determination of the localization of PCT should be performed accurately. ( 131 I)-Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy is a gold standard for the diagnosis of PCT. However, ( 123 I)-MIBG is also found to accumulate in PCT. In order to clarify the usefulness of ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy for the local detection of PCT, we compared the distribution of ( 123 I)- and ( 131 I)-MIBG in patients with or without PCT. ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was performed in 29 and 16 patients, respectively. In the former group, 14 patients had PCT, 12 had hypertension without any adrenal disorder and three had other diseases. In the latter group, eight patients had PCT, two had hypertension without any adrenal disorder and six had other diseases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ( 123 I)- with ( 131 I)-MIBG scintigraphy were compared. The sensitivity of ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was 85.7 and 90%, respectively. The specificity of each test was 100%. The accuracy of ( 131 I)- and ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy was 93.1 and 95%, respectively. The quality of images obtained using ( 123 I)-MIBG was better than with ( 131 I)-MIBG, because ( 123 I)-MIBG generated a higher dose of γ-rays with a higher specificity than ( 131 I)-MIBG. In addition, normal adrenal grands were visualized in 50% of patients tested with ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy. These results indicate that ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy is a valuable tool for the local detection of PCT, as is ( 131 I)-MIBG scintigraphy. Furthermore, it is possible that ( 123 I)-MIBG can be used as an alternative to ( 131 I)-MIBG for the detection of PCT. Our study was not a prospective study and the background of the patients was not matched. Further prospective studies are needed in order to determine the efficacy of ( 123 I)-MIBG scintigraphy for the diagnosis of PCT. (author)

Malign pheochromocytoma: importance of the scintigraphic follow-up with metaiodobenzulguanidine 131I (MIBG-131I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, M.; Velhote, V.V.; Souto, F.J.P.; Long, Y.J.; Costa, P.L.A.

1989-01-01

The authors report a case of pheochromocytoma investigated with metaiodobenzylguanidine labeled with 131 I (MIBG- 131 I). The methodology identify primitive lesion, its recurrence and metastasis. The authors mention the advantage of the technique due to the high specificity, sensitivity and because it is harmless, offering optimal information about the morphology and functional nature, concerning diagnosis and follow-up of the disease. (author) [pt

Methodology for management of therapeutic dose of I-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basteris M, J.; Gomez D, R.

2007-01-01

The present work suggests the use of measures guided to eliminate the resulting chronic sialoadenitis of the treatment previously described with a therapeutic dose bigger than ablative of Iodine 131, as well as the use of citric fruits to stimulate the salivation, the administration of liquid post-dose is included to accelerate the gastric emptying avoiding the secondary effects as the vomit. (Author)

131I therapy of Graves' disease using lithium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Kenshi

1983-01-01

Lithium is known to cause goiter and hypothyroidism. In the mechanism of goitrogenesis, there is general agreement that lithium inhibits the release of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland without significantly impairing other thyroid functions. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate the usefulness of lithium in the radioiodine treatment of Graves' disease. Nine patients with Graves' disease who were all, except one, previously treated with antithyroid drugs were studied. 600 mg of lithium carbonate were administered daily to investigate the effects on thyroidal 131 I uptake, disappearance rate of 131 I from the prelabeled thyroid and the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. Lithium showed no significant effect on the thyroidal 131 I uptake when the 24 hour thyroidal 131 I uptakes were determined both before and during lithium treatment in the five cases. On the other hand, lithium clearly prolonged the mean value of effective half-lives of 131 I to approximately 8 days vs. 5.1 days before lithium treatment (p 4 and T 3 levels significantly decreased during lithium treatment, from 21.3 to 12.4μg/dl (n=9, p 131 I for the Graves' disease can be reduced by using lithium, the radiation exposure to the total body is decreased. Moreover, it is possible to perform the 131 I therapy while improving the thyrotoxicosis with lithium. Finally, it is concluded that lithium is a very useful drug to be combined with the 131 I therapy of Graves' disease. (author)

I-131 Treatment of Graves' Disease in an Unsuspected First Trimester Pregnancy; the Potential for Adverse Effects on the Fetus and a Review of the Current Guidelines for Pregnancy Screening

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phuong Tran

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Graves' disease is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor leading to hyperthyroidism. Therapeutic options for the treatment of Graves' disease include medication, radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. Radioactive iodine is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy as exposure to I-131 to the fetal thyroid can result in fetal hypothyroidism and cretinism. Here we describe a case of a female patient with recurrent Graves' disease, who inadvertently received I-131 therapy when she was estimated to be eight days pregnant. This was despite the obtaining of a negative history of pregnancy and a negative urine pregnancy test less than 24 hours prior to ablation. At birth, the infant was found to have neonatal Graves' disease. The neonatal Graves' disease resolved spontaneously. It was suspected that the fetal thyroid did not trap any I-131 as it does not concentrate iodine until 10 weeks of gestation.

I-131 Treatment of Graves' Disease in an Unsuspected First Trimester Pregnancy; the Potential for Adverse Effects on the Fetus and a Review of the Current Guidelines for Pregnancy Screening

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barrett Mark

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Graves' disease is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder in which the body makes antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor leading to hyperthyroidism. Therapeutic options for the treatment of Graves' disease include medication, radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. Radioactive iodine is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy as exposure to I-131 to the fetal thyroid can result in fetal hypothyroidism and cretinism. Here we describe a case of a female patient with recurrent Graves' disease, who inadvertently received I-131 therapy when she was estimated to be eight days pregnant. This was despite the obtaining of a negative history of pregnancy and a negative urine pregnancy test less than 24 hours prior to ablation. At birth, the infant was found to have neonatal Graves' disease. The neonatal Graves' disease resolved spontaneously. It was suspected that the fetal thyroid did not trap any I-131 as it does not concentrate iodine until 10 weeks of gestation.

Recombinant human TSH and ablation of post-surgical thyroid remnants in differentiated thyroid cancer: the effect of pre-treatment with furosemide and furosemide plus lithium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barbaro, Daniele; Lapi, Paola; Pasquini, Cristina; Orsini, Paola; Turco, Anna [General Hospital of Livorno, Endocrinology Unit, Livorno (Italy); Grosso, Mariano; Boni, Giuseppe; Mariani, Giuliano [University of Pisa Medical School, Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Pisa (Italy); Meucci, Giuseppe [General Hospital of Livorno, Division of General Surgery, Livorno (Italy); Marzola, Maria Cristina; Rubello, Domenico [' Santa Maria della Misericordia' Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, Rovigo (Italy); Berti, Piero; Miccoli, Paolo [University of Pisa Medical School, Department of Surgery, Pisa (Italy)

2010-02-15

Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) can be used for post-surgical radioiodine (I-131) thyroid remnants ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after surgery. Debate exists in literature about the optimal amount of I-131 that should be given for obtaining an effective ablation and about the role of iodine pool during treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess whether I-131 ablation during rhTSH stimulus can be improved by reducing the circulating iodine pool and by increasing thyroid cell uptake and retention of I-131 obtained by administering furosemide and lithium. A total of 201 consecutive DTC patients were entered in the study: they were treated by total thyroidectomy and I-131 therapy during rhTSH stimulus to ablate thyroid remnants. Patients were divided into two groups according to the TNM stage: group 1 included patients in stage I-II who were treated with a low 30-mCi I-131 dose, while group 2 included patients in stage III-IV who were treated by a high 100-mCi I-131 dose. Moreover, both groups were further subdivided into three subgroups. Subgroup (a) included 45 patients from group 1 and 22 from group 2: they were treated with I-131 under rhTSH stimulus, following a short 4-day withdrawal of L-thyroxine (LT4). Subgroup (b) included 45 patients from group 1 and 22 from group 2: they were treated with I-131 under rhTSH stimulus, following a short 4-day withdrawal of L-T4, and after furosemide administration (25 mg/day orally) during the 3 days before I-131. Subgroup (c) included 45 patients from group 1 and 22 from group 2: they were treated with I-131 under rhTSH stimulus, following a short 4-day L-T4 withdrawal, and after administration of furosemide (25 mg/day orally) during the 3 days prior I-131 and lithium (450 mg/day orally) during the 3 days following I-131. Another group (group 3) of 20 patients characterized by a very low-risk cancer (unifocal tumor <1.0 cm in diameter, without extra-capsular extension, N0) was

Hypothyroidism following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, Atsushi; Kondo, Makoto; Kinoshita, Fumio; Maekawa, Akira; Okamoto, Jiro.

1977-01-01

Of 890 patients who received 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism, the results of therapy were examined on 584 who could be followed up. Of these 502 (86%), were sured including 3 patients who had been completely healed after recurrence, 9 patients are still under medical treatment, and 10 died. The incidence of hypothyroidism following 131 I therapy was 1.6% after 1 year, 2.3% after 2 years, 4.7% after 5 years, 15.0% after 10-12 years, 22.1% after 13-15 years and 27.5% after 16-20 years. The incidence increased constantly with the passage of time. Factors influencing the response to treatment have been investigated. As a consequence, the number of rads delivered to the thyroid gland, the gland size, and previous surgery correlated with the incidence of hypothyroidism. The number of doses of 131 I, uptake and half-life of 131 I in the thyroid, previous antithyroid medication, time between the onset of hyperthyroid symptoms and 131 I therapy, and the age or sex of the patients appeared unrelated. The times taken to become euthyroid following a single dose of 131 I were 5.6 months with 2000-4000 rads, 4.4 months with 4001-7000 rads, 4.2 months with 7001-10000 rads and 3.5 months with more than 10001 rads. The time was prolonged with decrease of rads delivered to the thyroid gland. It was found that the patients who passed through a transient hypothyroid phase in the period of three to four months after administration of 131 I had a high incidence of late permanent hypothyroidism. (Evans, J.)

Breast cancer following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoffman, D.A.; McConahey, W.M.

1983-01-01

A retrospective cohort study of women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic between 1946 and 1964 was conducted to determine if 1,005 women treated with ( 131 I) were at increased risk of breast cancer compared with 2,141 women traced, and a response (death certificate or questionnaire) was received for 99% of the traced women. The average duration of follow-up was 15 years for the 131 I-treated women and 21 years for women treated surgically. No increased risk of breast cancer was observed in the 131 I-treated women (adjusted relative risk . 0.8). No patterns were found of increased breast cancer risk by age at first treatment, by time since treatment, or by total exposure to 131 I. Failure to detect an increased risk of breast cancer in the 131 I-treated women was attributed to the moderately low doses from 131 I therapy and the relatively small number of exposed women. The study also failed to find any increased risk of breast cancer associated with hyperthyroidism

Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy for Hyperthyroidism

Science.gov (United States)

... Physician Resources Professions Site Index A-Z Radioactive Iodine (I-131) Therapy Radioiodine therapy is a nuclear ... thyroid cancer. When a small dose of radioactive iodine I-131 (an isotope of iodine that emits ...

Clinical study of 1003 cases with Graves' disease treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Qinfen; Zhang Chenggang; Zhao Xiaobin; Shi Longbao

2005-01-01

Objective: To explore the treatment effects of individual 131 I dose treatment of Graves' disease. Methods: Graves' disease patients were given individual 131 I dose ( 131 I MBq/per gram thyroid tissue), which ranged at 1.48-4.07 MBq/g. A total of 1003 cases (76.9%) were successfully followed up. The mean administered dose of 131 I was (329.3 ± 307.1, 44.4-3700) MBq. The term of follow-up was (16.4 ± 10.0, 3.0-44.7) months. Results: After one dose 131 I treatment, 593 patients (59.1%) were with euthyroid, 200 patients (19.9%) hypothyroidism, 190 patients (18.9%) were partially remitted, 20 patients (2.0%) showed no changes; 259 patients (25.8%) suffered from early hypothyroidism, 88 patients were with transient hypothyroidism. Logistic stepwise regression analysis revealed that hard thyroid texture was a risk factor for developing early hypothyroidism, whereas large goiter was a protective factor for developing permanent hypothyroidism. Partial-correlations analysis showed that curative effects correlated negatively with the weight of goiter mass, the course of disease and the use of antithyroid drugs (ATD). After 131 I treatment, for 195 patients (41.7%) the ophthalmopathy was cured, 155 patients (33.1%) were partially remitted, 105 patients (22.4%) showed no effects, 13 patients (2.8%)were deteriorated. For 56 patients (77.8%) their hyperthyroid heart disease was cured, 10 patients(13.9%) were partially remitted, 6 patients (8.3%) were of no effects. For 60 patients (85.7%) periodic paralysis associated with thyrotoxicosis were cured, 2 patients (2.9%) were partially remitted, 8 patients (11.4%) were of no effects. Of 249 patients with large goiter (≥90 g), 219 cases (88.0%) were completely remitted. Conclusions: The individual 131 I dose treatment for Graves' disease exerts good therapeutic efficiencies. 131 I treatment for ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease and Graves' disease with lager goiter is effective and safe. (authors)

A mathematical model of optimized radioiodine-131 therapy of Graves' hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doi, Suhail AR; Loutfi, Issa; Al-Shoumer, Kamal AS

2001-01-01

The current status of radioiodine-131 (RaI) dosimetry for Graves' hyperthyroidism is not clear. Recurrent hyperthyroidism and iatrogenic hypothyroidism are two problems which interact such that trying to solve one leads to exacerbation of the other. Optimized RaI therapy has therefore begun to be defined just in terms of early hypothyroidism (ablative therapy) as physicians have given up on reducing hypothyroidism. Optimized therapy is evaluated both in terms of the greatest separation of cure rate from hypothyroidism rate (non-ablative therapy) or in terms of early hypothyroidism (ablative therapy) by mathematical modeling of outcome after radioiodine and critically discussing the three common methods of RaI dosing for Graves' disease. Cure follows a logarithmic relationship to activity administered or absorbed dose, while hypothyroidism follows a linear relationship. The effect of including or omitting factors in the calculation of the administered I–131 activity such as the measured thyroid uptake and effective half-life of RaI or giving extra compensation for gland size is discussed. Very little benefit can be gained by employing complicated methods of RaI dose selection for non-ablative therapy since the standard activity model shows the best potential for cure and prolonged euthyroidism. For ablative therapy, a standard MBq/g dosing provides the best outcome in terms of cure and early hypothyroidism

Standardization of 131I therapy for Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang Jianlin; Li Yuying; Gao Liuyan; Tang Xiuping; Hu Hongyong

2011-01-01

Objective: To establish the normative and standard measures, to ensure medical safety and quality of care of the patients with Graves disease treated by 131 I therapy. Methods: Formulating and strictly implementing the medical organizational and technical measures of 131 I therapy for Graves disease and regular follow-up. Results: Receiving 131 I treatment of 104 patients, follow-up 6-36 months, no adverse events, the cure rate of 59.6%, the efficient rate is 99.9%. Conclusion: It is important guarantee for the medical quality and safety to standardize the 131 I therapy of Graves disease. (authors)

A Comparative Study of 131I-Hippuran Renogram, 131I-Hippuran Urinary Excretion Test and Intravenous Pyelogram in Obstructive Uropathy due to Cancerous Invasion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Kee Bok; Rhee, Chong Heon; Hong, Chang Gi; Park, Soo Seong; Koh, Chang Soon

1968-01-01

A comparative study of 131 I-hippuran renogram, 131 I-hippuran excretion test and intravenous pyelogram were performed in 61 cases of gynecological cancer. The following were the results: 1) Among 40 cases of cervix cancer showing normal excretory urography 7 cases (17.5%) were found to have unilateral or bilateral delayed excretory pattern on 131 I-hippuran renogram and on the contrary only 2 cases (5.7%) showed a mild caliectatic change on excretory urography among 35 cases of gynecological cancer showing normal pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram. 2) In the group showing unilateral of bilateral delayed excretory pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram there was a reduction of 131 I-hippuran excretion in the first 20 minutes, but there was no significant difference of 131 I-hippuran excretion in 60 minutes compared with that of normal renogram group. 3) In the group showing unilateral non-functioning pattern of 131 I-hippuran renogram in one side and normal pattern in the other side there was found to be no difference in 131 I-hippuran excretion amount compared with that of normal renogram group. 4) It was evident from these experimental study that 131 I-hippuran renogram was considered as a good examination method for the evaluation of obstructive uropathy, and if one side kidney was intact it might compensate for the other diseased kidney so far as to renal excretory function. It was also shown that the more severe the cancerous spread in the pelvic wall the more changes on 131 I-hippuran renogram.

A False Positive I-131 Metastatic Survey Caused by Radioactive Iodine Uptake by a Benign Thymic Cyst

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Avneet K. Singh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy in the United States with increasing incidence and diagnosis but stable mortality. Differentiated thyroid cancer rarely presents with distant metastases and is associated with a low risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, current protocols recommend remnant ablation with radioactive iodine and evaluation for local and distant metastasis in some patients with higher risk disease. There are several case reports of false positive results of metastatic surveys that are either normal physiologic variants or other pathological findings. Most false positive findings are associated with tissue that has physiologic increased uptake of I-131, such as breast tissue or lung tissue; pathological findings such as thymic cysts are also known to have increased uptake. Our case describes a rare finding of a thymic cyst found on a false positive I-131 metastatic survey. The patient was taken for surgical excision and the final pathology was a benign thymic cyst. Given that pulmonary metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer are rare, thymic cysts, though also rare, must be part of the differential diagnosis for false positive findings on an I-131 survey.

A new anticancer agent--131I BGTP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Jiaheng; Jiang Shubin; Wang Guanquan

2007-12-01

A new anticancer precursor, di-peptide[p-Boc-Gly-Tyr-NH(CH 2 ) 2 NH-PO (ONH 4 )-O-PhI*], was synthesized and labelled with 131 I using enveloped-tube technique, the labelling yield could reach 85%. Using cell coalescent method, the biological activity in vitro of the labelled compounds was evaluated, showing that the primary appetency was kept and not damaged obviously during labelling. Results on judgement of their stability, lipophilicity and toxicity demonstrated lower toxicity, higher lipophilicity and lower iodium disassociation percentage (<12% after 72 h); furthermore, a tumour-bearing animal model, was establishd successfully, on which, the biological properties of the labelled agent was studied. (authors)

Why 131I liquid is better than capsule in thyroid CA patients evaluation of effect and side effect by quantification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prakash, Om; Tiwari, R.; Rach, S.; Patel, N.; Patel, V.; Vyas, R.K.

2014-01-01

The objective of this study was to compare the ablation rate and side effect with high dose radioiodine ( 131 I) capsule and liquid formulation. Capsule and liquid radioiodine ( 131 I) is routinely used in treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In thyroid tissue it accumulates 17-25 times more than the other parts of the body. It exert cyto toxic effect on thyroid tissue by beta emission. All the capsules and liquid radio iodine procured from BRIT, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai. All the patients fasted for at least 8 hrs or overnight before the dose and 1 hr after. More than 300 patients included in this study. Before large dose therapy all pts. Given 1-2 mCi 131 I and gamma imaging done with dual head gamma camera, high energy collimator used 150 pts. Got liquid iodine and 150 pts. Got capsule. The liquid form of 131 I absorbed from stomach within 15-30 min, but capsules dissolve slowly and shape maintained upto 2 hrs due to slow absorption rate mucosal lining of stomach get very high radiation dose from 100 mCi, the dose to stomach wall was approx 448 rad or 4.48 Gy per hour. On the other side liquid 131 I delivered very less dose to stomach. After admission of 131 I therapy pts. Were kept in isolation ward. Common complain from both type (liquid and capsule) was nausea, vomiting, neck pain and abdominal pain. So I have calculated the dose to stomach from capsule which was approx. 6-10 Gy to stomach. Due to radiation injury mucosa lining damage occurs, replacement of that mucosal lining takes place in 5-10 days. This quantification and dosimetric evaluation is pointing that liquid 131 I is better for patients. Quick absorption and less dose to abdomen. So less gastralgia complain (author)

Hydrochlorothiazide-induced 131I excretion facilitated by salt and water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beyer, K.H. Jr.; Fehr, D.M.; Gelarden, R.T.; White, W.J.; Lang, C.M.; Vesell, E.S.

1981-01-01

Salt intake is restricted under clinical conditions for which thiazide diuretics are customarily used. Dietary iodide intake offsets any effect of thiazide on iodide loss. However, our correlation coefficients relating Na+ to Cl- to I- excretion indicate that as thiazide administration or sodium chloride intake increases renal Na+ and Cl- excretion, I- reabsorption by the nephron coordinately decreases. Increased sodium chloride and water intake by the dog doubled I-excretion rates. Hydrochlorothiazide increased the sodium chloride and water enhanced I-excretion rate as much as eight-fold. Without added NaCl, hydrochlorothiazide increased the excretion rate of 131I by three- to eightfold, acutely. Within five to seven days after 131I oral administration, hydrochlorothiazide (1 or 2 mg/kg twice daily) doubled the rate of 131I disappearance from plasma, reduced the fecal output of 131I, and increased its rate of renal excretion. When hydrochlorothiazide was administered, as much 131I was excreted in the first 24 hours as occurred in 48 hours when sodium chloride and water were given without hydrochlorothiazide. Thiazide administration in customary clinical dosage twice a day with substantial sodium chloride and water for the first two days after exposure to 131I, should therefore facilitate the safe excretion of 131I. This accelerated removal of 131I might be enhanced even more if thyroid uptake of 131I is blocked by administration of potassium iodide, as judged by the greater 131I recovery from thyroidectomized dogs

[sup 131]I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakahara, Harumi; Saga, Tsuneo; Hosono, Makoto; Kobayashi, Hisataka; Konishi, Junji (Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Medicine); Endo, Keigo

1994-05-01

[sup 131]I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy was given to five patients with malignant pheochromocytoma. The patients received 1-3 doses of 3.33-4.625 GBq (total dose: 3.7 to 10.73 GBq). Partial tumor regression was observed in two patients, the tumor was unchanged in two patients, and slow progression was noted in one patient. Marked improvement in clinical symptoms was achieved in four patients. The other patients had no symptoms before [sup 131]I-MIBG treatment, but the serum epinephrine and dopamine decreased. There were no severe untoward responses in four patients. However, one patient developed transient but severe orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, and hyperglycemia from 1 week to 1 month after [sup 131]I-MIBG administration. Although complete remission was not obtained, all the patients achieved some benefit from [sup 131]I-MIBG therapy. Thus, [sup 131]I-MIBG appears to be useful for the palliation of malignant pheochromocytoma. (author).

Renal 131I-hippuran extraction in man

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hutchings, M; Hesse, B; Grønvall, J

2002-01-01

This study examined the 131I-hippuran extraction fraction during baseline renal blood flow rates and at high flow rates induced by dopamine.......This study examined the 131I-hippuran extraction fraction during baseline renal blood flow rates and at high flow rates induced by dopamine....

131I-BSP liver function test by BSP tolerance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanda, Koichi

1974-01-01

131 I-BSP liver function test after BSP intravenous tolerance was discussed, assuming that the reason why measurements of 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and 131 I-BSP disappearance rate in blood showed respectable overlapping between normal group and group with slight liver disorders as compared with BSP test and the reason why differential diagnosis was difficult were due to underestimate of tolerance volume of 131 I-BSP. 131 I-BSP was observed with time as to 70 persons with normal liver function and 257 cases of liver diseases, using 5, 3 and 2 mg of non-radioactive BSP tolerance volume per kilogram of body weight. 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and 131 I-BSP disappearance rate in blood are possible to separate overlapping over control in each measurement value at 3-5 mg/kg of tolerance, and in comparison of 3 mg and 5 mg, the latter showed a little excellent result. So, it was decided that tolerance of 3 mg/kg was a proper dose, considering tolerance to liver cells. 131 I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes was a little excellent in accuracy and disappearance rate in blood after BSP tolerance is simple and profitable for practical use because collection of blood was only one time and measurement could be made with whole blood. As mentioned above, this method is seemed to be useful to practice of liver function test. (Kanao, N.)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles mediated 131I-hVEGF siRNA inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth in nude mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Jing; Zhu, Shu; Tong, Liangqian; Li, Jiansha; Chen, Fei; Han, Yunfeng; Zhao, Ming; Xiong, Wei

2014-01-01

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver tumor and is the most difficult human malignancy to treat. In this study, we sought to develop an integrative approach in which real-time tumor monitoring, gene therapy, and internal radiotherapy can be performed simultaneously. This was achieved through targeting HCC with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) carrying small interfering RNA with radiolabled iodine 131 ( 131 I) against the human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF). hVEGF siRNA was labeled with 131 I by the Bolton-Hunter method and conjugated to SilenceMag, a type of SPIOs. 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag was then subcutaneously injected into nude mice with HCC tumors exposed to an external magnetic field (EMF). The biodistribution and cytotoxicity of 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag was assessed by SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) studies and blood kinetics analysis. The body weight and tumor size of nude mice bearing HCC were measured daily for the 4-week duration of the experiment. 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag was successfully labeled; with a satisfactory radiochemical purity (>80%) and biological activity in vitro. External application of an EMF successfully attracted and retained more 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag in HCC tumors as shown by SPECT, MRI and biodistribution studies. The tumors treated with 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag grew nearly 50% slower in the presence of EMF than those without EMF and the control. Immunohistochemical assay confirmed that the tumor targeted by 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag guided by an EMF had a lower VEGF protein level compared to that without EMF exposure and the control. EMF-guided 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag exhibited an antitumor effect. The synergic therapy of 131 I-hVEGF siRNA/SilenceMag might be a promising future treatment option against HCC with the dual functional properties of tumor therapy and imaging

The treatment of hyperthyroidism in adolescents and children with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Fei; Zhao Deshan

2009-01-01

Hyperthyroidism in adolescents and children is a common endocrinium disorder, which disturbs the development of diverse body systems, especially of skeletal and central nervous systems. The patients with hyperthyroidism have a lower long-term, spontaneous remission of the disease. The majority of adolescents and children patients with hyperthyroidism have to receive an effective, safe therapy. Currently, there are three methods for treating hyperthyroidism. They include in antithyroid drugs (ATD), surgery and radioactive iodine ( 131 I) therapy. ATD always is the first line way to these patients with hyperthyroidism for endocrinologist yet. But the remission rate of hyperthyroidism for ATD is lower, the remission of hyperthyroidism also need spend longer time, and side effects of ATD are more common in adolescents and children than in adult. The success ratio and complications of surgery are mainly depended on the technic of surgeons, 131 I has been used as the treatment of hyperthyroidism for more than six decades. So far, there are still no enough evidences to show that the incidence of thyroid cancer and other malignant diseases, the patients fertility rate, rate of abortion and malformation of descendants in hyperthyroidism patients following 131 I were marked difference with that in other people. The remission rate of hyperthyroidism following 131 I was higher and its side effects were less. 131 I therapy can be the first choice to adolescents and children with hyperthyroidism who are no suitable to ATD therapy. Hypothyroidism is most often one outcome of pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism after 131 I therapy. Hence, the patients with hypothyroidism have to receive the replacement treatment of thyroxine. Since the development of adolescents and children are more dependent on thyroxine and adolescents and children are more sensitive to the radioactive rays than adults, it is more suitable to get ideal control with a relative lower dosage of mi to

Effficacy of 131I therapy hyperthyroidism in adolescent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Lan; Wang Junqi; Feng Xuemin; Yin Le

2004-01-01

To investigate the possibility of 131 I therapy hyperthyroidism in adolescent, 117 adolescent patients treated with 131 I are analyzed retrospectively. In the first treatment of 131 I, 76 patients gain with euthyroidism (65.0%), 28 patients have remission (23.9%), 13 patients have hypothyroidism (11.0%), the total efficacy is 88.9%. The administered dose to the patients with younger than 14 years is significantly lower than the patients aged from 15 years to 18 years. There is no significantly difference in cure rate or incidence of hypothyroidism between the two groups. The second treatment may improve the cure rate and not exert any significant impact to the incidence of hypothyroidism. Therefore, 131 I treatment hyperthyroidism in younger is efficacious, inexpensive and safe. The dosages given to patients are different between age groups. (authors)

Differential expression profiling of circulation microRNAs in PTC patients with non-131I and 131I-avid lungs metastases: a pilot study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qiu, Zhong-Ling; Shen, Chen-Tian; Song, Hong-Jun; Wei, Wei-Jun; Luo, Quan-Yong

2015-01-01

Introduction: Loss of the ability to concentrate 131 I is one of the important causes of radioiodine-refractory disease in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Recent advantages of serum microRNAs (miRNAs) open a new realm of possibilities for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of many cancers. The aim of the current study was to identify differential expression profiling of circulation miRNAs in PTC patients with non- 131 I and 131 I-avid lungs metastases. Methods: The expressions of miRNAs were examined using miRNA microarray chip. The most significantly changed miRNAs from microarray were verified by using qRT-PCR. The potential miRNAs regulating target genes and their preliminary biological functions were forecasted by Bioinformatic analysis. Results: Compared to 131 I-avid lung metastases, 13 kinds of significantly differential serum miRNAs including 5 upregulated miRNAs (miR-1249, miR-106a, miR-503, miR-34c-5p, miR-1281) and 8 downregulated miRNAs (miR-1915, miR-2861, miR-3196, miR-500, miR-572, miR-33b, miR-554, miR-18a) in PTC patients with non- 131 I-avid lung metastases were identified. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that miR-106a was the core miRNA regulating 193 genes in the network. The results of validation confirmed the up-regulation of miR-106a in non- 131 I-avid lungs metastatic PTC patients. Conclusion: Differentially expressed serum miRNA profiles between PTC patients with non- 131 I and 131 I-avid lungs metastases were analyzed. These findings in our present study could represent new clues for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy in PTC patients with non- 131 I-avid metastatic disease

The behavior of 131I in polymetatelluric acid irradiated in the nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teofilovski, C.

1966-01-01

Polymetarelluric acid, whose composition is (H 2 TeO 4 ) n , is successfully used at he Institute as a target for obtaining 131 I in the reactor. It is prepared by hearing orthotelluric acid in air at 160 deg C of in a steam of water vapor at 208 deg C. Analysis of the valency states of 131 I in irradiated (H 2 TeO 4 ) n prepared in either of the above ways shows a variable ratio of reduced and oxidized forms. A considerable increase of the reduced forms with increasing integral thermal neutron flux during irradiation in the reactor in the given interval has also been observed. In order to explain the above phenomenon (H 2 TeO 4 ) n was irradiated in the reactor under different conditions, with measurement of the wall temperature of the quartz ampoules containing the target material. Yields of reduced and oxidized form of 131 I were determined immediately after irradiation and after annealing of the target at temperatures from 60 deg C to 150 deg C. A considerable decrease in the yield of the reduced forms of 131 I on target annealing above 100 deg C was observed (author)

Analysis of 131I therapy in 71 patients with hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Ping; Chen Zequan; Wang Yuanzhi; Ye Shiqing

2001-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of iodine-131 treatment in patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods: The dose of 131 I was determined according to thyroid absorption of 131 I at 24 hrs post administration and thyroid weight estimated in ECT examination. Results: One dose cure rate of 131 I treatment was 96% (68/71). Hypothyroidism occurred in 3 of 71 patients (4%) in one year after administration. No other serious complication was observed. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of 131 I in treating hyperthyroidism was quite encouraging. The administration regime was also simple

Radioiodine 131I metabolism in human

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mori, Toru

1976-01-01

Metabolic fate of orally administered 131 I in human was studied. Chronological observations of whole body radioactivity distribution and thyroid 131 I uptake curve revealed that 131 I metabolism was greatly affected by the amount of dietary iodine intake. Under the high iodine intake exceeding 1 mg per day, uptake curve showed biphasic descending type, that is, rapid accumulation during 3 to 6 hours and rapid fall up to 48 hours and gradual decrease afterwards. While, ascending type, monophasic and maximal at 24 hours, was found universary under low iodine intake less than 500 μg per day. Thyroid function should not be affected by the amount of iodine intake, and we analysed 131 I metabolism using a new four compartments which included intrathyroidal inorganic iodine pool. The results, especially hormone production rate, were found quite useful even under high iodine intake. Thyroidal organic iodine contents were calculated as approximately 2.5 mg and this value was much less than previously reported values from other countries. Administered radioiodine were mixed up with stable body iodine and reached equilibration by around 10 days. From seroimmunological, histological (microscopic and electron microscopic) studies, and irradiation studies to the cultured human thyroid cells, we concluded that this unexpected phenomenon was derived from chromosomal damage which induced gradual decrease in cell population because of inability to reproduce. Carcinogenic and genetic effects were not serious, and only three leukemic patients were reported in this country and 484 normal babies were born from 7,500 treated parents. Thus, therapeutic dose of 131 I was proved rather safe, and even when exposed to radioiodine, administration of perchlorate or thiocyanate, excessive iodine and TSH seemed effective to avoid radiation injuries. (auth.)

Quality control of 131I treatment of graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Zeng; Liu Guoqiang

2009-01-01

To make a preliminary quality control (QC) criteria and apply on the various stages of clinic 131 I treatment of Graves' disease in order to decrease the early happening of hypothyroidism and enhance the onetime 131 I cure rate of Graves' disease, the quality control criteria in the stochastic outpatient with 131 I treatment, such as plan of the indication, contraindication, method of treatment, matters needing attention, follow-up observation and curative effect appraisal, patient selection, RAIU, thyroid gland weight measurement and 131 I dose criteria for the various steps of 131 I medication were determined. The 131 I treatment effects of Graves' disease including the once-cure rate, the improving rate, duplicate cure rate and the early happening rate of hypothyroidism were analyzed in patients with applying QC and without QC ccriteria. The results showed that the oncecure rate in patients with applying QC criteria was increased from 76.6% to 90.9% (P≤0.01); the improving rate was decreased from 12.2% to 7.0% (P≤0.01); the duplicate cure rate was increased from 90.1% to 93.0% (P>0.05); the early happening rate of hypothyroidism was decreased from 11.0% to 2.1% (P≤0.01). The 131 I treatment of Graves' disease applying with QC criteria had tremendously improved the oncecure rate and decreased the early happening of hypothyroidism rate. (authors)

The clinical significance of measuring the thyroid 131I uptake rate to identify the type of premature hypothyroidism for hyperthyroid after 131I treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng Bo; Chen Huaming; Zhu Tianfeng

2001-01-01

The 3 h thyroid 131 I uptake rate and the content of serum TT 3 , TT 4 , TSH are measured in 63 patients of premature hypothyroidism (consisting of 33 provisional hypothyroids and 30 perpetual hypothyroidism) before and after thyroxine substitutes treatment for six moths. The results show that there is obvious difference in 131 I uptake rate compared provisional hypothyroidism with perpetual hypothyroidism, and no difference in the content of serum TT 3 , TT 4 , TSH before the treatment. Compared with normal conditions, there is no difference in 131 I uptake rate of provisional hypothyroidism, but the 131 I uptake rate of perpetual hypothyroidism has obvious decrease before and after the treatment. Therefore the type of patients who suffer from premature hypothyroidism can be distinguished according to the 131 I uptake rate: if the 3 h thyroid 131 I uptake rate is normal, it is provisional hypothyroidism; if not, it is perpetual hypothyroidism

The determination and monitoring of 131I activity in sewage treatment plants based on A2/O processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jimenez, Fernando; Lopez, Raul; Pardo, Rafael; Deban, Luis; Garcia-Talavera, Marta

2011-01-01

131 I, a radionuclide used in nuclear medicine facilities, is habitually dumped into domestic sewer systems, which causes its control in municipal sewage treatment plants (STP) to become necessary. In this paper, we describe a procedure for the determination of the 131 I activity based on its precipitation as silver (I) iodide, its dissolution with cyanide in ammonia medium and its measurement by the liquid scintillation counting technique (LSC). After optimization, this LSC procedure allows the determination of 131 I activities with a limit of detection (CCβ) of 11 mBq kg -1 . The procedure was successfully validated by comparison with the normative and requires both less sample volume and measurement time than the standard procedure. The method has been applied to the monitoring of 131 I in the STP of Valladolid (Spain), which found activities below the maximum allowed by legislation and showed a near constant background 131 I activity in the influents with punctual increases corresponding to authorized spills. The mean 131 I removing efficiency of the STP was 52%.

Distribution and Bioaccumulation of I-131 Within The Water-Fish System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darussalam, M; Wijaya, DGO; Sutrisno

1996-01-01

Distribution and Bioaccumulation of I-131 Within The Water-Fish System. As one of fission products, radioiodine I-131 potentially become a pollutant either resulted froma fallout or radioactive waste. Therefore, special interest has been given to handle I-131 starting from its production implementation and its waste management. The observations in this research have been focussed on distribution and bio accumulation of I-131 within the water-fish systems. Some number of Tilapia fish were put in aquaria containing I-131 contamined water with certain radioactivity concentration. Within time interval of 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment the radioactivities of water media. fish and their organs have been measured. The results show that the radioactivity percentage different water media containing different I-131 concentration tend to have similar patterns. Meanwhile, the I-131 concentrations of fish and their organs were varied with similar patterns for different I-131 content in water media

Radiological Risk for Patients Treated with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chas, J.; Janiak, M.K.; Kowalczyk, A.; Siekierzynski, M.; Dziuk, E.

2001-01-01

Full text: Dose equivalents were measured during the three-day therapy with 131 I in patients treated at the Clinic of Endocrinology and Radioisotope Therapy, Central Clinical Hospital, Military University School of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland, for thyroid cancer (supplementary treatment; 21 cases), hyperthyroidism in the Graves-Basedov's disease (18 cases), and toxic nodular goiter (19 cases). The absorbed doses were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters placed above the jugular incisure and above the pubic symphysis; the readings were used for calculation of the dose equivalent over the thyroid and in the ovaries. Following the radical treatment of thyroid cancer iodine uptake in the thyroid gland was very low and most of the applied 131 I was excreted within one to three days. In our 21 patients who were given on average 2.8 GBq (76 mCi) 131 I and stimulated with TSH (approx. 60 μIU/mL) the mean dose equivalents over the thyroid and in the ovaries were 115±123 mSv and 56±19 mSv, respectively. In comparison, the calculated dose equivalents in the Graves-Basedov's disease patients (424 MBq mean activity of the applied 131 I) and the goiter patients (544 MBq mean activity of the applied 131 I) were approx. 3.5 times higher over the thyroid and approx. 2.5 times lower in the ovaries. No disfunctions of the ovaries were detected in the treated young women. Based on these results it is recommended to stimulate diuresis during the first two-three days after the injection of 131 I. The results also indicate that exposure to ionising radiation of patients treated for various thyroid disorders with 131 I does not lead to the development of clinically detectable non-stochastic effects. (author)

Role of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in diagnostic iodine-131 scintigraphy before initial radioiodine ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agrawal, Kanhaiyalal; Bhattacharya, Anish; Mittal, Bhagwant Rai

2005-01-01

The study was performed to evaluate the incremental value of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) over planar radioiodine imaging before radioiodine ablation in the staging, management and stratification of risk of recurrence (ROR) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Totally, 83 patients (21 male, 62 female) aged 17–75 (mean 39.9) years with DTC were included consecutively in this prospective study. They underwent postthyroidectomy planar and SPECT/CT scans after oral administration of 37–114 MBq iodine-131 (I-131). The scans were interpreted as positive, negative or suspicious for tracer uptake in the thyroid bed, cervical lymph nodes and sites outside the neck. In each case, the findings on planar images were recorded first, without knowledge of SPECT/CT findings. Operative and pathological findings were used for postsurgical tumor–node–metastasis staging. The tumor staging was reassessed after each of these two scans. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography localized radioiodine uptake in the thyroid bed in 9/83 (10.8%) patients, neck nodes in 24/83 (28.9%) patients and distant metastases in 8/83 (9.6%) patients in addition to the planar study. Staging was changed in 8/83 (9.6%), ROR in 11/83 (13.2%) and management in 26/83 (31.3%) patients by the pretherapy SPECT/CT in comparison to planar imaging. SPECT/CT had incremental value in 32/83 patients (38.5%) over the planar scan. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography is feasible during a diagnostic I-131 scan with a low amount of radiotracer. It improved the interpretation of pretherapy I-131 scintigraphy and changed the staging and subsequent patient management

A Comparative Study of {sup 131}I-Hippuran Renogram, {sup 131}I-Hippuran Urinary Excretion Test and Intravenous Pyelogram in Obstructive Uropathy due to Cancerous Invasion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Kee Bok; Rhee, Chong Heon; Hong, Chang Gi; Park, Soo Seong; Koh, Chang Soon [Radiological Research Institue, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1968-03-15

A comparative study of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram, {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion test and intravenous pyelogram were performed in 61 cases of gynecological cancer. The following were the results: 1) Among 40 cases of cervix cancer showing normal excretory urography 7 cases (17.5%) were found to have unilateral or bilateral delayed excretory pattern on {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram and on the contrary only 2 cases (5.7%) showed a mild caliectatic change on excretory urography among 35 cases of gynecological cancer showing normal pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram. 2) In the group showing unilateral of bilateral delayed excretory pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram there was a reduction of {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion in the first 20 minutes, but there was no significant difference of {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion in 60 minutes compared with that of normal renogram group. 3) In the group showing unilateral non-functioning pattern of {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram in one side and normal pattern in the other side there was found to be no difference in {sup 131}I-hippuran excretion amount compared with that of normal renogram group. 4) It was evident from these experimental study that {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram was considered as a good examination method for the evaluation of obstructive uropathy, and if one side kidney was intact it might compensate for the other diseased kidney so far as to renal excretory function. It was also shown that the more severe the cancerous spread in the pelvic wall the more changes on {sup 131}I-hippuran renogram.

Normal and abnormal distribution of the adrenomedullary imaging agent m-[I-131]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) in man; evaluation by scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, M.; Shapiro, B.; Copp, J.; Kalff, V.; Gross, M.D.; Sisson, J.C.; Beierwaltes, W.H.

1983-01-01

The scintigraphic distribution of m-[ 131 I]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), an adrenal medullary imaging agent, was studied to determine the patterns of uptake of this agent in man. The normal distribution of I-131 MIBG includes clear portrayal of the salivary glands, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder. The heart, middle and lower lung zones, and colon were less frequently or less clearly seen. The upper lung zones and kidneys were seldom visualized. The thyroid appeared only in cases of inadequate thyroidal blockade. The normal adrenal glands were seldom seen and faintly imaged in 2% at 24 h after injection and in 16% at 48 h, in patients shown not to have pheochromocytomas, whereas intra-adrenal, extra-adrenal, and malignant pheochromocytomas usually appeared as intense focal areas of I-131 MIBG uptake at 24 through 72 h

Effect of 131I therapy on outcomes of Graves' ophthalmopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Renfei; Tan Jian; Zhang Guizhi; Yin Liang

2011-01-01

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the therapeutic effect of Graves' hyperthyroidism and the outcomes of Graves' ophthalmopathy after 131 I therapy, and to explore the effect of 131 I treatment on turnout of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Methods: Six hundreds and fifty-two patients of Graves' disease accompanied with Graves' ophthalmopathy, received one-time 131 I treatment according to routine procedure. We recorded exophthalmometer readings, the signs and symptoms of eyes before therapy. Regular follow-up and appraisal of curative effect were carried out. Results: At least six months after 131 I therapy, the effective rate of Graves' hyperthyroidism and Graves' ophthalmopathy were 94.3% and 73.3% respectively. The total effective rate of hyperthyroidism with ophthalmopathy was 71.2%. There was a significant correlation between the prognosis of Graves' ophthalmopathy and therapeutic efficacy of hyperthyroidism (r=0.302, P 131 I therapy (χ 2 =0.296, P>0.05). Conclusions: The key to treat Graves' ophthalmopathy is the cure of Graves' hyperthyroidism through 131 I therapy. The timely diagnosis and replacement treatment of hypothyroidism can effectively avoid the aggravation of Graves' ophthalmopathy after 131 I therapy. (authors)

Temporary ovarian failure in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid remnant ablation with radioactive iodine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raymond, J.P.; Izembart, M.; Marliac, V.; Dagousset, F.; Merceron, R.E.; Vulpillat, M.; Vallee, G.

1989-01-01

We studied ovarian function retrospectively in 66 women who had regular menstrual cycles before undergoing complete thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer and subsequent thyroid remnant ablation with 131 I. Eighteen women developed temporary amenorrhea accompanied by increased serum gonadotropin concentrations during the first year after 131 I therapy. No correlation was found between the radioactive iodine dose absorbed, thyroid uptake before treatment, oral contraceptive use, or thyroid autoimmunity. Only age was a determining factor, with the older women being the most affected. We conclude that radioiodine ablation therapy is followed by transient ovarian failure, especially in older women

Temporary ovarian failure in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid remnant ablation with radioactive iodine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raymond, J.P.; Izembart, M.; Marliac, V.; Dagousset, F.; Merceron, R.E.; Vulpillat, M.; Vallee, G.

1989-07-01

We studied ovarian function retrospectively in 66 women who had regular menstrual cycles before undergoing complete thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer and subsequent thyroid remnant ablation with /sup 131/I. Eighteen women developed temporary amenorrhea accompanied by increased serum gonadotropin concentrations during the first year after /sup 131/I therapy. No correlation was found between the radioactive iodine dose absorbed, thyroid uptake before treatment, oral contraceptive use, or thyroid autoimmunity. Only age was a determining factor, with the older women being the most affected. We conclude that radioiodine ablation therapy is followed by transient ovarian failure, especially in older women.

Clinical evaluation of 131I in treatment hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Jing; Deng Jinglan; Qiao Hongqing

2001-01-01

The clinical value of 131 I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism is observed. The weight of the thyroid was evaluated by palpation, 131 I was taken orally by one dose method. The dose was calculated by actual absorption of 131 I/per gram of thyroid. 3 - 6 months after drug administration, the symptom, clinical manifestation and the serum hormone of the pituitary-hypothyroid axis were observed. In 105 cases, 80(76.2%) were nearly recovered, among them 16(15.2%) had hypothyroidism in the early period. The all over recovering rate was 91.4% in one dose, but 9(8.6%) were recurred and can be controlled at a second dose. Therefore 131 I for the hyperthyroidism had a high recovering rate, low recurring rate and was very convenient. If prospect on the Chinese effort the controlled, the occurrence of hypothyroidism can be reduced to the acceptable level

{sup 131}I treatment of nodular non-toxic goitre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nygaard, B.; Faber, J.; Hegdeues, L.; Hansen, J.M. [Herlev Hospital (Denmark)

1996-01-01

The traditional treatment of a growing nodular non-toxic goitre has for many years been surgical resection or levothyroxine suppressive treatment. During recent years, several studies have reported promising results of {sup 131}I treatment in terms of thyroid size reduction. This review outlines the different treatment modalities on non-toxic nodular goitre with special emphasis on {sup 131}I treatment. By the term nodular goitre the authors include glands with solitary or multiple thyroid nodules with uptake on a scintiscan. At what point of the natural history of non-toxic multinodular goitre {sup 131}I therapy should be used is not clear. In principle, the best result is obtained in smaller goitres and it is possible that the best effect of {sup 131}I is seen if treatment is given to patients with diffuse goitre before these become nodular. However, then there is a potential risk to swing in the direction to where {sup 131}I is used in an indiscriminate way, since the prevalence of non-toxic multinodular goitre is much higher than that of hyperthyroidism. Although we have data on the long-term hazards of {sup 131}I treatment in hyperthyroidism in terms of risk of cancer, we have only follow-up periods of 5 to 10 years for non-toxic goitres in small groups of patients and no data regarding the long-term risk of high-dose {sup 131}I treatment (>600 MBq) for this condition. Ideally, long term randomized studies comparing the effect, side effect and cost-benefit of surgery as opposed to {sup 131}I treatment should be performed. Awaiting this, it is at present mandatory that each individual patient be given a choice of treatment after proper information. 44 refs.

Therapeutical uses of 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lago, Graciela.

1994-01-01

Physiology of thyroid gland, pathology of thyroid , papillary, follicular cancer is considered together as differentiated thyroid cancer with very good results under therapy with iodine, invitro determination of calcitonin, search of metastasis, anaplastic carcinoma, as indifferentiated carcinoma with similar results as medullary carcinoma. This work gives a protocol for therapeutical use of 131I , in hyperthyroidism due to Graves-Basedow disease, thyrotoxic adenoma or Plummer disease, toxic multi nodular goiter, subacute thyroiditis. Is studied too the treatment with pharmaceuticals, surgery and radioactive iodine. A recommended use of each and protocol for iodine administration, fixed dose technique, dose estimation,absorbed dose, recommendations about when to use and not use 131I are included in this work

The effect of the second dose 131I in patients with Grave's disease, treated with 185 MBq low-fixed dose regimen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bochev, P.; Klissarova, A.; Hristozov, H.; Chaushev, B.; Cvetanova, B.

2006-01-01

Full text: The aim of the study was to evaluate the success rate after application of a second dose 131 I in patients with Grave's disease, treated with a fixed dose 185 MBq 131 I and still hyperthyroid. 27 patients with Grave's disease, treated with 185 MBq 131 I. Each patient was followed up by physical exam, ultrasonography and hormone levels for a period of at least one year. On the sixth month after the initial treatment 14 patients (52%) were still hyperthyroid. Based on hormone levels and reduction of gland size a decision for applying a second dose 131 I was taken for 8 patients. The remaining six patients with persistent hyperthyroidism were treated with antithyroid drugs till the end of the first year. By the time of the study 12.5% of the patients being treated with a second dose are still hyperthyroid, 37.5% - euthyroid and 50% -hypothyroid with total success rate (hypo+euthyroid) of 87%. In comparison 16 % of the patients treated with antithyroid drugs are euthyroid. The use of a second dose 131 I in patients with Graves disease being treated with low-fixed dose regimen and still hyperthyroid by the sixth month after the initial treatment leads to a high overall success rate in one year

Studies on the radiation burden using I-131 for thyroid therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krzesniak, J.W.; Chomicki, O.A.

1980-01-01

The exposure to personnel from 131 I inhaled from open sources during laboratory procedures and that exhaled by patients treated with 131 I was estimated. The method and the apparatus used to detect airborne 131 I are described. It was found that the ratio of the activity absorbed through the lungs to that permissible for a given category of exposure is not higher than 10%. The kinetics of the 131 I exhaled by patients seems to be complementary to that of 131 I concentration changes in the blood. (H.K.)

Protocol for thyroid remnant ablation after recombinant TSH in thyroid carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pitoia, F.; Salvai, M.E.; Niepomniszcze, H.; Tamer, E. El

2009-01-01

In some countries, in order to perform rhTSH-aided thyroid remnant ablation (TRA) after surgery, it is generally necessary to confirm that thyroidectomy has been almost complete. Otherwise, the nuclear medicine specialist will not administer a high radioiodine dose because it might be hazardous due to the possibility of thyroid remnant actinic thyroiditis. Considering this, it would be necessary to use two rhTSH kits (one for diagnostic purposes and the other one to administer the 131 I dose). In this study, we used an alternative protocol for TRA with the use of one kit of rhTSH in twenty patients diagnosed with low risk papillary thyroid carcinoma. All patients had negative titers of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Successful thyroid remnant ablation was confirmed with an undetectable rhTSH stimulated thyroglobulin level ( [es

Additional effective dose by patients undergoing NAI-131 capsules therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Orlic, M.; Jovanovic, M.; Spasic Jokic, V.; Cuknic, O.; Ilic, Z.; Vranjes Djuric, S. [VINCA - Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia)

2006-07-01

Capsules or solutions containing Na{sup 131}I are indicated for the therapy of some thyroid carcinomas such as functioning metastatic papillary or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid; and for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (diffuse toxic goiter and single or multiple toxic nodular goiter). The recommended dosage ranges of Na{sup 131}I capsules or solution for the therapy of the average patient (70 kg) are: (3.7-5.55) GBq for ablation of normal thyroid tissue; (3.7-7.4) GBq for subsequent treatments; a (148-370) MBq for hyperthyroidism. The purpose of this paper is to calculate effective dose as a result of iodine-131 capsules remaining in stomach before absorption starts. This result can determine the disadvantage of capsule versus solution containing sodium iodine-131 (Na{sup 131}I) in radionuclide therapy application from radiation protection point of view. The Monte Carlo code MCNP4b was used to model transport of gamma and beta particles emitted by radionuclide {sup 131}I treated as a point source at the bottom of stomach. Absorbed energy per unit transformation in stomach and surrounding organs has been calculated. (authors)

Therapy of hyperthyroidism with Na131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kakehi, Hirotake; Furukawa, Takashi; Fukakusa, Shunichi; Futonaka, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Yuji

1984-01-01

Forty one patients of hyperthyroidism were treated with Na 131 I. Men and women are in the ratio 1:3.1. The ages of patients are between twenties and sixties and the forties are the highest in number. The observation period of clinical courses is between 1 and 8 years. The number of patients observed over 5 years are 51% of them and over 2 years are 83%. The treatment frequency is as follows: On 37 cases each one was treated once with Na 131 I. 2 cases twice, 1 case at 4 times in 3 years and 1 case at 5 times in 6 years. The treatment doses are between 4,000-6,000 rad (40-60 Gray). In the cases treated with the irradiation dose of 6,000 rad, we often saw hypothyroidism. In cases aiming 4,000-5,000 rad, there is a tendency of leaving hyperthyroidism unrecovered. In conclusion, the patients should be treated giving 4,000-5,000 rad or with Na 131 I doses of 3-6mCi. If the effects of the treatment are insufficient, the patients should be further treated with anti-thyroid drug or treated again with Na 131 I. As the result, there are at present 25 cases (61.0%) in normal status of the thyroid gland, 12 cases (29.2%) in hyperthyroidism and 4 cases (9.8%) in hypothyroidism totaling 41 cases in all. (author)

Graves' disease in a 3 year-old patient with agranulocytosis due to anti-thyroid drugs: Radioiodine ablation therapy as an effective alternative.

Science.gov (United States)

Espinosa-Muñoz, E; Ramírez-Ocaña, D; Martín-García, A M; Ruiz-García, F J; Puentes-Zarzuela, C

The case is presented of a 3 year-old girl with mitochondrial disease (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy of Leigh syndrome), v-stage chronic kidney disease of a diffuse mesangial sclerosis, as well as developmental disorders, and diagnosed with hyperthyroidism Graves-Basedow disease. Six weeks after starting the treatment with neo-carbimazole, the patient reported a serious case of agranulocytosis. This led to stopping the anti-thyroid drugs, and was treated successfully with 131 I ablation therapy. The relevance of the article is that Graves' disease is uncommon in the paediatric age range (especially in children younger than 6 years old), and developing complications due to a possible late diagnosis. Agranulocytosis as a potentially serious adverse effect following the use of anti-thyroid drugs, and the few reported cases of ablation therapy with 131 I at this age, makes this case unique. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Long-term follow-up results in children and adolescents treated with radioactive iodine (131I) for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Safa, A.M.; Schumacher, O.P.; Rodriguez-Antunez, A.

1975-01-01

To evaluate the long-term results of 131 I therapy for children, the course of 87 patients (three to 18 years old, 24 boys and 63 girls) treated from 1949 through 1968, for hyperthyroidism due to Graves's disease was studied. Dose of 131 I per patient ranged from 2.9 to 31 mCi (mean +- S. D., 9.75 +- 6.5). Patients were followed for five to 24 years (mean, 12.3 +- 3.5). Hyperthyroidism was controlled in 85 within one to 14 months (mean, 3.3 +- 2.6). Recurrence of thyrotoxicosis due to toxic diffuse goiter, observed in only one case after 11 years, was successfully re-treated with 131 I. Reproductive history and health status of the progeny of 131 I-treated patients were not different from those of the general population. No deaths and no cancer or leukemia were observed in patients or their offspring. The major cause of goiter regrowth was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism developed in 35 of 76 patients (46 percent). 131 I deserves further use in treatment of hyperthyroid children with Graves's disease

Transient hypothyroidism after 131I treatment of Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jianfeng; Fang Yi; Zhang Xiuli; Ye Genyao; Xing Jialiu; Zhang Youren

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the results of the transient hypothyroidism after 131 I treatment of Graves disease. Methods: A total of 32 transient hypothyroidism patients treated with 131 I for Graves disease were studied and followed up. Results: Transient hypothyroidism occurred within 2-6 months after 131 I treatment and 19 patients were symptomatic. At diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism, T 3 and T 4 levels were decreased had normal, TSH levels were increased, normal or low. Follow-up examination found that 20 patients were normal and 12 patients had relapse of hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Therapy of Graves disease with low doses of 131 I causes a high incidence of transient hypothyroidism. After recovery of transient hypothyroidism, some patients have relapse of hyperthyroidism

The development and current status of 131I treatment for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Chunmei; Wang Xuemei

2010-01-01

Hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune diseasein which excessive amounts of thyroid hormones circulate in the blood. The treatments for hyperthyroidism mainly include antithyroid drugs, 131 I treatment, and surgery. 131 I had been verified as an effective, safe, simple method to treat adult and children hyperthyroidism. Current research trends of 131 I treatment mainly are problems of 131 I treatment of hyperthyroidism and its long-term security. (authors)

131I therapy for hyperthyroidism with large goitre

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chenggang

2002-01-01

Objective: This retrospective analysis is to study the effects of radioiodine in hyperthyroidism with large goitre and observe the possibility to take the place of surgery. Methods: 82 patients (pts) with hyperthyroidism including 51 female and 31 male, age ranging from 11 to 75 years old (mean 35.43 ± 12.14), were treated with 131 I. All patients presented with typical clinical and biochemical hyperthyroidism and were followed up for 3-38 months after 131 I treatment. Patients were categorized into 2 diagnostic groups: Graves disease (43 pts) and toxic multinodular goitres (39 pts). Gland weights were estimated by palpation and scintigraphy. Cold nodule had not been found in scintigraphy in all pts. The dose in mCi administered were determined according to therapeutic history, thyroid weight (g), rate of uptake 131 I, patient's symptoms and course of disease, etc. 76 pts (92.7%) had iII degree goitre. Goitre weight was stratified into 150-200 g (67 pts), 201-300 g (13 pts) and 400-500 g (2pts). 71 pts (86.6%) were given one dose of 131 I, 10 pts (12.2%) two doses, one patient had three doses. The mean first dose was 39.26 ± 19.63 mCi (14-130 mCi). The mean first μCi/g was 142.89±32.29 μCi (59-200). Results: 24 pts (29.3%) had complete remission (euthyroid), 19 pts (23.2%) had partial resolution. 39 (47.6%) pts had hypothyroidism (HP) including 8 permanent HP, 11 transient HP, 3 subclinical HP and 17 indeterminate HP. The later group had HP that could not be decided to be transient or permanent because the time of following up was less than one year. After 131 I therapy, goitres of 43 pts (52.4%) became 0 degree, 34 pts (41.5%) became I degree, 4 pts (4.9%) had II degree and only one pt still had a III degree goitre. Conclusions: 131 I therapy is a safe and effective method for treating hyperthyroidism with large goitre. If the large goitre does not have cold nodule in scintigraphy, 131 I treatment may replace surgery

Graves hyperthyroidism 131I treatment the clinical curative effect of observation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan Yongqiang; Wang Zuobing; Yu Hui; Wang Jing; Li Xiaoqin; Chen Yuanhao; Wu Jiquan

2012-01-01

Objective: to study the clinical treatment of 131 I Graves hyperthyroidism curative effect. Methods: the clinical data of Graves hyperthyroidism patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 258 cases of patients with hyperthyroidism Graves. 131 I treatment 1∼2 times after healed 200 cases, improvement of 38 patients, a low, 10 cases were invalid 10 cases failure; the total effective 96.12%. 1 year after treatment 131 I thyroid quality by before treatment 43.6 + 20.9 grams shrinks to 1.98 + 18.5 grams (p 131 I before treatment with prominent eyes 68 cases (26.4%) 131 I after treatment, the prominent eyes healed 24 cases (34.8%), improvement 30 patients (43.5%), invalid in 12 cases (17.4%), aggravating in 2 cases (2.9%), efficient for 79.7%. Concurrent hyperthyroidism 131 I before treatment in patients with 31 patients (heart), after the treatment of 131 I 12.0% in 25 patients recovered, 6 patients get better, efficient 100%. After the treatment of 131 I temporary armor low in 25 patients (9.7%) , permanent armour low 27 cases (10.5%). After the treatment of 131 I 15 cases have been reduced to a sex WBC (5.8%), 8 cases of liver function mild damage (3.1%), 13 cases itchy skin (1 case), cholesterol by 5.0% compared appear suspected hyperthyroidism crises (0.4%). 258 patients with thyroid type micronodular 41 cases, treatment cured after 131 I in 25 patients (61.0%), improvement in 16 (39.0%), laseris 100%, Diffuse 217 example, cure 175 cases (80.6%), improvement 22 patients (10%), a low 10 (4.6%), invalid 10 (4.6%), laseris 95.4 percent. Conclusion: 131 I treatment Graves hyperthyroidism is simple, safe, effective, and can be used as the preferred treatment method outperforms that of anti-thyroid drugs. (authors)

Occupational and public radiation protection in the treatment with iodine 131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Di Trano, Jose L.; Rojo, Ana M.; Kunst, Juan J.

2004-01-01

A common radionuclide therapy carried out by nuclear medicine departments is the administration of 131 I for thyroid ablation and for hyperthyroid treatment. The administration of 140 a 600 MBq for hyperthyroid treatment and 3700 a 7400 MBq for carcinoma diseases is made after surgery to ablate thyroid tissues and metastasis. The revision of radiological protection was done on the occupational exposure of workers, members of the public and relatives of patients treated with 131 I. This paper presents the results of area and individual dosimetry to external exposure, surface activity and air concentration of 131 I carried out during the practice in the nuclear medicine department. An area survey in the isolation room allowed to determine exposure rate from surface activity and air concentration of 131 I. The patient clothes activity was determined as well as the activity excreted in urine and sweat. On the basis of this analysis, can be concluded that the annual effective dose for workers due to external and internal exposure, considering 40 iodine practice per year, reach values from 4 up to 30 mSv per year. The patients with cancer therapy treatment must be hospitalized during the first 48 hrs after iodine administration, in an isolated room taking into account the radioprotection of the staff, others patients and public during the isolation. The patients with hyperthyroid treatment do not need hospitalization but they must to follow the instructions given by the physician, which will take into account socioeconomic conditions. (author)

Current status of radioiodine (131I) treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becker, D.V.; Hurley, J.R.

1982-01-01

Radioiodine appears to be increasingly selected as the primary form of therapy for most hyperthyroid adults. Some controversy exists concerning the use of I-131 in children and adolescents as well as in some patients with toxic nodular goiter. The technical aspects of radioiodine administration reviewed in this chapter include the biologic basis of I-131 use, dose strategies, measurement and evaluation of radioiodine parameters, and I-125 treatment of hyperthyroidism. The management of patients before and after I-131 treatment is discussed as well as posttreatment hypothyroidism and complications of radioiodine treatment

Comparison of 131I whole-body imaging, 131I SPECT/CT, and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of metastatic thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oh, Jong-Ryool; Chong, Ari; Kim, Jahae; Kang, Sae-Ryung; Song, Ho-Chun; Bom, Hee-Seung; Byun, Byung-Hyun; Hong, Sun-Pyo; Yoo, Su-Woong; Kim, Dong-Yeon; Min, Jung-Joon

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare 131 I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS), WBS with 131 I single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the detection of distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A total of 140 patients with 258 foci of suspected distant metastases were evaluated. 131 I WBS, 131 I SPECT/CT, and 18 F-FDG PET/CT images were interpreted separately. The final diagnosis was obtained from histopathologic study, serum thyroglobulin level, other imaging modalities, and/or clinical follow-up. Of the 140 patients with 258 foci, 46 patients with 166 foci were diagnosed as positive for distant metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality were 65, 55, and 59%, respectively, for 131 I WBS; 65, 95, and 85% for 131 I SPECT/CT, respectively; and 61, 98, and 86%, respectively, for 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patient-based analyses. Lesion-based analyses demonstrated that both SPECT/CT and PET/CT were superior to WBS (p 18 F-FDG PET/CT presented the highest diagnostic performance in patients who underwent multiple challenges of radioiodine therapy. (orig.)

Discrete prepotential as an indicator of successful ablation in patients with coronary cusp ventricular arrhythmia.

Science.gov (United States)

Hachiya, Hitoshi; Yamauchi, Yasuteru; Iesaka, Yoshito; Yagishita, Atsuhiko; Sasaki, Takeshi; Higuchi, Koji; Kawabata, Mihoko; Sugiyama, Koji; Tanaka, Yasuaki; Kusa, Shigeki; Nakamura, Hiroaki; Miyazaki, Shinsuke; Taniguchi, Hiroshi; Isobe, Mitsuaki; Hirao, Kenzo

2013-10-01

Although coronary cusp (CC) ventricular arrhythmia (VA) can be treated by catheter ablation, reliable indicators of successful ablation sites have not been fully identified. This study comprised 392 patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for outflow tract-VA at 3 institutions from January 2007 to August 2012. The successful ablation site was on the left CC or right CC in 35 (8.9%) of the 392 patients. In 9 (26%) of these 35 patients, a discrete prepotential was recognized, 5 of whom had left CC-VAs and 4 of whom had right CC-VAs. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was successful at the site of the prepotential in all 9 of these patients. The duration of the isoelectric line between the end of the discrete prepotential and the onset of the ventricular electrogram was 27±13 ms. The time from onset of the discrete prepotential at the successful ablation site on the CC to the QRS onset (activation time) was 69±20 ms (range, 50-98 ms). Pace mapping was graded as excellent at the successful ablation site in only 1 patient. No discrete prepotential was recorded in any successful right outflow tract-VA ablation case in this study. A discrete prepotential was seen in 9 (26%) of 35 patients with CC-VA. In left and right CC-VA, the site of a discrete prepotential with ≥50 ms activation time may indicate a successful ablation site.

The normal and abnormal distribution of the adrenomedullary imaging agent m-[I-131]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG) in man: evaluation by scintigraphy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, M.; Shapiro, B.; Copp, J.; Kalff, V.; Gross, M.D.; Sisson, J.C.; Beierwaltes, W.H.

1983-01-01

The scintigraphic distribution of m-[ 131 I]iodobenzylguanidine (I- 131 MIBG), an adrenal medullary imaging agent, was studied to determine the patterns of uptake of this agent in man. The normal distribution of I- 131 MIBG includes clear portrayal of the salivary glands, liver, spleen, and urinary bladder. The heart, middle and lower lung zones, and colon were less frequently or less clearly seen. The upper lung zones and kidneys were seldom visualized. The thyroid appeared only in cases of inadequate thyroidal blockade. The ''normal'' adrenal glands were seldom seen and faintly imaged in 2% at 24 hr after injection and in 16% at 48 hr, in patients shown not to have pheochromocytomas, whereas intra-adrenal, extraadrenal, and malignant pheochromocytomas usually appeared as intense focal areas of I- 131 MIBG uptake at 24 through 72 hr

A new anticancer agent--{sup 131}I BGTP

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiaheng, He; Shubin, Jiang; Guanquan, Wang [China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang (China). Inst. of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry

2007-12-15

A new anticancer precursor, di-peptide[p-Boc-Gly-Tyr-NH(CH{sub 2}){sub 2} NH-PO (ONH{sub 4})-O-PhI*], was synthesized and labelled with {sup 131}I using enveloped-tube technique, the labelling yield could reach 85%. Using cell coalescent method, the biological activity in vitro of the labelled compounds was evaluated, showing that the primary appetency was kept and not damaged obviously during labelling. Results on judgement of their stability, lipophilicity and toxicity demonstrated lower toxicity, higher lipophilicity and lower iodium disassociation percentage (<12% after 72 h); furthermore, a tumour-bearing animal model, was establishd successfully, on which, the biological properties of the labelled agent was studied. (authors)

/sup 131/I-BSP liver function test by BSP tolerance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanda, K [Minami Osaka Hospital (Japan)

1974-11-01

/sup 131/I-BSP liver function test after BSP intravenous tolerance was discussed, assuming that the reason why measurements of /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and /sup 131/I-BSP disappearance rate in blood showed respectable overlapping between normal group and group with slight liver disorders as compared with BSP test and the reason why differential diagnosis was difficult were due to underestimate of tolerance volume of /sup 131/I-BSP. /sup 131/I-BSP was observed with time as to 70 persons with normal liver function and 257 cases of liver diseases, using 5, 3 and 2 mg of non-radioactive BSP tolerance volume per kilogram of body weight. /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes and /sup 131/I-BSP disappearance rate in blood are possible to separate overlapping over control in each measurement value at 3 to 5 mg/kg of tolerance, and in comparison of 3 mg and 5 mg, the latter showed a little excellent result. So, it was decided that tolerance of 3 mg/kg was a proper dose, considering tolerance to liver cells. /sup 131/I-BSP retention rate at 30 minutes was a little excellent in accuracy and disappearance rate in blood after BSP tolerance is simple and profitable for practical use because collection of blood was only one time and measurement could be made with whole blood. As mentioned above, this method is seemed to be useful to practice of liver function test.

Preparation and evaluation of (131I)AgI particles: potential lungs perfusion imaging agent

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chattopadhyay, Sankha; Das, Sujata Saha; Sinha, Samarendu; Sarkar, Bharat Ranjan; Ganguly, Shantanu; Chandra, Susmita; De, Kakali; Mishra, Mridula

2010-01-01

Since the discovery of iodine-131 (t 1/2 : 8 d) by Livingood and Seaborg (1938), this, and other radioisotopes of iodine, have found widespread use in nuclear medicine. The purpose of the present work was to formulate Ag 131 I particles and bio-evaluate the same. The Ag 131 I particles were prepared in acidic condition having 100% R.C. Purity. The biological evaluation of Ag 131 1 particles was made by injecting about 111-185 MBq of Ag 131 I particles preparations in female albino rabbits (2-2.5 kg weight) intravenously by femoral vein under urethane anesthesia. Imaging studies were performed under Gamma Camera. The entire amount of the Ag 131 I particles were found to deposit in the lungs and remained there almost unchanged for a certain period of time after the intervenous administration. The images showed excellent, uniform lung uptake with no interference from liver and spleen to the lower regions of right and left lobes. It showed a high accumulation in the rabbits lungs (>99%) and remained constant for at least for 20 min. It is also worthy to study with 123 I/ 124 I labelled AgI for lung imaging study. In conclusion, the synthetic radiopharmaceutical ( 131 I)-Silver iodide colloid can be prepared with a large particle size, in a simple and practical manner, and it has good potential for use as a perfusion imaging agent in lung scans

Euthyroid goiter with autonomy: Results of treatment with radioiodine (131I) and by surgery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Emrich, D.; Reinhardt, M.

1989-01-01

In order to evaluate the efficacy of, and the risk associated with, the definite treatment of euthyroid goiter with autonomy, the data of 88 patients treated between 1982 and 1986 (50 by subtotal thyroidectomy; 38 by 131 I-treatment, mean radiation dose 200 Gy without protection by thyroxine) were analyzed in a retrospective study. The following criteria were used before and after treatment: the results of scintigraphy under suppression qualitatively (in focal autonomy) and quantitatively (global thyroid uptake) (TcU s ), the means of FT 4 I, FT 3 I and ΔTSH after TRH, the improvement of mechanical signs and symptoms and the decrease of thyroid volume. Measured by TcU s and ΔTSH, autonomy could be removed completely in 85-90% of all patients. Surgery was slightly more successful (100%) compared to treatment by 131 I (75-80%). This was also true for removal of mechanical symptoms and reduction of the goiter. The incidence of manifest hypothyroidism was greater after surgery (16%) than after 131 I treatment (3%). At a higher grade of autonomy (TcU s > 3.2%) surgery was more effective (95-100%) than treatment with 131 I (60-70%) but at a higher risk of hypothyroidism (24 vs 0%). It is imperative to improve the methods of estimating the amount of 131 I to be administered in euthyroid goiter with autonomy. Selection of patients with autonomy in euthyroid goiter for definite treatment is difficult, since until now their risk to become hyperthyroid cannot be predicted properly. (orig.) [de

Assessing The Effect Of Ionizing Radiation On Fetal Of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Pregnant Patients Who Have Been Treated By 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nguyen Van Kinh; Truong Quang Xuan; Phan Si An; Phung Nhu Toan; Bui Vo Minh Hoang

2008-01-01

1. Background: We tried to evaluate the female fertility and genetic risk to the offspring from the exposure to high-dose 131 I by assessing the pregnancy outcomes and chromosome aberrations ratio in the peripheral blood and amniotic fluid of female patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who had received therapeutic high - doses of 131 I. 2. Materials and Methods: From 2005 to march 2007, a total of 888 women had been treated with 131 I. Of these patients; 477 (53.71%) were in the reproductive age group (18 - 45 years). Twenty - two women had pregnancies after high-dose 131 I. Age at presentation ranged from 23 to 47 years (mean, 30 ± 5.2 years). Histopathology was papillary thyroid cancer in 21 cases and follicular thyroid cancer in 1 case. 3. Results: Single high-dose therapy was given in 2 cases, 2 doses were given in 12 cases, 3 doses were given in 3 cases, four and five doses were given in 5 cases in which lung metastases had occurred. In 22 patients (100%), disease was successfully ablated before pregnancy. Ovarian absorbed radiation dose calculated by MIRD method ranged from 4.2 to 95.2 cGy (mean, 32.25 ± 28.40 cGy). The interval between 131 I therapy and pregnancy varied from 3 to 48 months (16.6 ± 12.56 months). Chromosome aberrations ratio in peripheral blood (mean ± sem): Dicentric 0.905 ± 0.22%, Ring 0.29 ± 0.10%, Fragment 1.8 ± 0.33%, Translocation 3.95 ± 1.07%, inversion 0.238 ± 0.24%, deletion 1.57 ± 1.04%. Chromosome aberrations ratio in amniotic fluid: 19 case normal karyotyping, 01 case abnormal karyotype 47, XXY (Klinefelter) and one case had 0.15% delete q arm of 1 chromosome. Twenty - one babies (12 females and 9 males) were born, 01 case congenital malformation (4.5%). Twenty-one babies were healthy with birth weight had 3.26 ± 0.26 kg, TSH: 3.63 ± 2.38 μUI/ml, and normal developmental milestones. TSH concentration in the stage of the gestation had been in control 3 ± 4,72 μUI/ml. 4. Conclusions: Female fertility is not

Value of 201Tl imaging in predicting therapeutic 131I uptake in patients with thyroglobulin-positive but 131I scan-negative differentiated thyroid carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conlu, R.A.O.; Obaldo, J.M.

2004-01-01

Background: Serum thyroglobulin assay and 131Iodine (1311) whole body scan are considered complementary in detecting malignant thyroid tissue or metastases. A large number of patients, however, are encountered presenting with scan-negative, thyroglobulin-positive differentiated thyroid carcinoma posing a dilemma in therapeutic management. One of the first alternative scanning agents to be employed is 201Thallium (201Tl). Recent studies have demonstrated its usefulness in identifying lesions that are not visualized with traditional 131I whole body scan. It is not clear, however, whether 201Tl scan helps in the decision-making for subsequent 131I therapy. This study was conducted to determine if 201Tl scan can predict therapeutic 131I uptake and to define the clinical role of 201Tl scanning in these patients. Methods and results: A total of 12 patients (20-63 y/o), 5 males and 7 females, underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer and all had serum thyroglobulin values above 10 ng/ml and normal TPO autoantibodies. Pre-therapy 131I scan using 111 MBq (3mCi) of 131I were obtained. As required for inclusion, all patients had negative pre-therapy scan and negative TPO autoantibody results and underwent 20lTl scanning within 3 weeks. All patients were given 131I therapy (3.7-5.5 GBq or 100-150 mCi) between one to two months after 201Tl scanning. Within a week after therapy, all patients underwent whole body 1311 scanning. 201Tl imaging demonstrated thyroid remnants in 9 out of 12 patients having positive 201Tl scan but negative pre-therapy 1311 scan. However, only 2 of the positive 201Tl scans showed 131I uptake post-therapy (positive predictive value of 20%). None of the subjects presented with a negative 201Tl scan and a positive post-therapy 131I scan. Conclusion: Our study suggests that evidence of remnants or metastases on 201Tl scanning may be an inappropriate basis for the decision to proceed with 131I therapy. The role of 20lTl imaging in this subset of

β-CIT labelled with 131I and its preliminary clinical practice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye Bin; Kuang Anren; Ding Hao; Zheng Hongbo; Yuan Qiang; He Li

2002-01-01

β-CIT is labelled with 131 I by the peracetic acid method. 4 normal controls, 8 patients with PD and 3 patients with PS are studied by 131 I-β-CIT SPECT imaging. Striatal specific uptake of 131 I-β-CIT is calculated by the radioactivity ratio of striatal to cerebellar. The results shows that the radiochemical purity of 131 I-β-CIT is (97.6 +- 0.3)%. 131 I-β-CIT remains stable for at least 4 h after incubated with waters and serum respectively. The striatal specific uptake of 131 I-β-CIT in normal controls, PD and PS patients are (4.39 +- 0.14)%, (2.95 +- 0.68)% and (3.96 +- 0.52)% at 4h and (6.60 +- 0.06)%, (3.85 +- 0.71)% and (6.14 +- 0.08)% at 20 h after administration. There is a significant reduction of striatal tracer uptake in PD patients compared to the controls and PS patients. Striatal specific uptake in contralateral to the clinical symptom side is more pronounced reduced than the ipsilateral side in PD patients. 131 I-β-CIT uptake in PD patients is correlated with disease severity. These results suggest that 131 I-β-CIT can be used for the diagnosis of Parkinsion's disease

Observation of radioactive iodine ({sup 131}I, {sup 129}I) in cropland soil after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fujiwara, Hideshi, E-mail: hfuji@affrc.go.jp

2016-10-01

During the early stages of the Fukushima nuclear accident, the temporal variations of {sup 131}I deposited on the ground and of {sup 131}I accumulated in cropland soil were monitored at a fixed location in Japan. Moreover, concentrations of long-lived radioactive iodine ({sup 129}I) in atmospheric deposits and soil were measured to examine the feasibility of retrospectively reconstructing {sup 131}I levels from the levels of accident-derived {sup 129}I. The exceptionally high levels of {sup 131}I in deposits and soil were attributed to rainfall-related deposition of radionuclides. In the crop field studied, the losses of deposited {sup 131}I and {sup 129}I due to volatilization were small. The atomic ratio {sup 129}I/{sup 131}I in the topsoil corresponded to the same ratio in deposits. The {sup 131}I concentrations measured in the topsoil were very consistent with the {sup 131}I concentrations reconstructed from the {sup 129}I concentrations in the soil. - Highlights: • A high level of {sup 131}I contamination occurs through rainfall-related deposition. • Only a small loss of deposited radioactive iodine occurs via volatilization. • The {sup 129}I/{sup 131}I ratio in soil corresponds to the ratio in atmospheric deposit. • The feasibility of retrospectively reconstructing {sup 131}I is confirmed.

I-131 and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rasmussen, Aase Krogh; Nygaard, Birte; Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla

2000-07-01

Objective: Radioiodine (I-131) used to obtain euthyroidism in thyrotoxic patients is suspected of having a worsening or provoking effect on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune disease closely related to Graves' disease. Design: This review summarises the existing literature and describes risk factors influencing the course of TAO including thyroid function, cigarette smoking and treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism especially I-131 therapy. Conclusion: It is recommended that patients who may be at a greater risk of worsening ophthalmopathy are considered when choosing the modality of therapy of hyperthyroidism and also in deciding whether prophylactic systemic glucocorticoid treatment is indicated.

Histological changes of the thyroid gland after /sup 131/I treatment for hyperthyroidism. I. Analysis by the frequency of administration and dosage of /sup 131/I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeichi, N; Inoue, S; Niimoto, M; Nagata, N [Hiroshima Univ. (Japan). Research Inst. for Nuclear Medicine and Biology; Yasuda, K

1976-01-01

The histological changes of the thyroid tissues due to /sup 131/I treatment were classified by the frequency of administration and dosage of /sup 131/I, and the chronological changes were examined. The histopathological findings including nuclear alteration, tissue infiltration, vascular alteration and regeneration of the follicular epithelium were examined. In the cases which received 2-3 doses, there were many atypical regeneration of the follicular epithelium, and in the cases with long observation duration, Askanazy cells and fibrotic proliferation were observed. These histological changes indicated the possibility of the occurrence of tumor due to the administration of /sup 131/I.

An 131I iodotamoxifen: no carrier added iodination via a diazonium salt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, D.H.; Strickland, L.A.

1986-01-01

An 131 I-labeled iodotamoxifen has been prepared by a ''no carrier added'' procedure in a 40% radiochemical yield via an aryl diazonium ion salt intermediate. Two approaches were used to produce high specific activity iodotamoxifen: nonaqueous solvents and copper catalysis. The use of the nonaqueous solvent acetonitrile has proved successful while neither copper powder, copper-bronze, copper(I)oxide nor Cu(II) sulphate showed any catalytic effects. (author)

Radiopharmaceutical potential of I-131 labelled diazepam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yurt, F.; Unek, P.; Asikoglu, M.; Baggi, S.; Erener, G.; Ozkilic, H.; Uluc, F.; Tuglular, I.

1998-01-01

In this study, diazepam is a derivative of the 1.4 benzodiazepine family that the most widely used drug as anticonvulsant agent has been labeled with I-131, as a new radiopharmaceutical and its radiopharmaceutical potential has been determined. Labeling of diazepam has been performed by iodogen method and optimum labeling conditions have been determined. Optimum reaction conditions are 1 mg for iodogen amount; 1-5 mg for diazepam amount, 15-20 minutes for reaction time and room temperature for reaction temperature. Specific activity of labeled compound was 0,15 Ci/mmol level. N-octanol/water ratio was found 1.9 for 131 IDZ ( 131 I labeled diazepam). In vivo experiments have been carried out to determine radiopharmaceutical potentials of labeled compound. Biodistribution studies on rats showed that 131 IDZ have accumulated in kidneys, liver, lungs and brain tissues. Scintigraphic results taken with gamma camera on rabbits agree with biodistribution results of rats. (author)

*sp131*I-3-iodobenzylguanidine (*sp131*I-3-IBG) as a scintigraphic agent for the visualization of adrenal medulla tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heggeli, D.E.; Brorson, B.I.; Bremper, P.O.

1983-06-01

A method of labelling 3-iodobenzylguanidine with *sp131*I is described. 3-IBG . 0.5 H*sb2*SO*sb4* and Cu(II)SO*sb4* were dissolved in a 0.1 M NH*sb4*H*sb2*PO*sb4* buffer and mixed with *sp131*I-NaI. The solution was evaporated to dryness by heating. After addition of water, the solution was heated with reflux for two hours. The I*sp-* ions were removed after labelling by anionic exchange chromatography. The final product was made isotonic and bacteriostatic by the addition of acetate buffer, saline and benzylalcohol. The product was filtered through a membrane filter with a pore size of 0.22*my*m and was apyrogenically tested by limulus test. The tumors of adrenal medulla, pheochromocytomas and neuroplastomas may in some cases be small or located extra-adrenally. In those cases *sp131*I-labelled 3-IBG is a valuable tool, since 3-IBG concentrates in adrenal medulla tumors because ot its analogy to the catecholamines. Injecting a dose of 0.5 mCi *sp131*I-3-IBG (2.5 mCi/mg), which is an adult dose, allows the scintigraphic localization of the tumours, thus guiding the surgeon. Adrenal uptake in mice and dog is described in the report, as well as a rapid method for the control of radiochemical purity. The radioactive concentration of the *sp131*I-3-IBG has been found to be important for the radiochemical stability of the product. (RF)

Stability studies of therapeutic 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) using high performance liquid chromatography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murhekar, V.V.; Mathur, Anupam; Pilkhwal, Neelam S.; Prabhakar, G.; Padmanabhan, D.; Sachdev, S.S.

2014-01-01

BRIT is a manufacturer and supplier of therapeutic doses (100 mCi) of the radiopharmaceutical 131 I-mIBG to various nuclear medicine centers in India. The therapeutic formulation is of high radioactive concentration (>10 mCi/ml) and is thus prone to radiolytic damage during transport, storage until administration. Earlier stability studies at this laboratory were done using conventional methods like Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) which has an inherent limitation in terms of resolution. In view of this, a suitable HPLC method has been developed and the stability of therapeutic 131 I-mIBG was monitored at various conditions

ADDITIONAL VALUE OF POST-THERAPY 131 I SPECT/CT IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER

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Satyawati Deswal

2017-03-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Generally, it is seen that SPECT/CT images are more useful than the planar images. We compared post-therapy 131 I imaging findings on planar and SPECT/CT scans to assess the clinical utility of SPECT/CT in management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Post-therapy imaging was performed at 4-7 (when 5mR/hrs. exposure rate were observed by the survey meter days after 131 I administration and all patients underwent whole-body scintigraphy and SPECT/CT scanning on the same day. A generalised McNemar 1 was used to determine to establish the agreement between planar whole-body imaging and SPECT/CT for the assignment of benign, equivocal and malignant findings. RESULTS In 44 patients, 32 of the 44 patients underwent postsurgical 131 I ablation of residual thyroid tissue and 12 of 44 patients, 2 patients were treated twice. Hence, a total of 46 scans were analysed. SPECT/CT helped to localise focal iodine uptake and characterise it as either normal or abnormal thereby reducing the need for additional imaging studies. In post-thyroidectomy patients, SPECT/CT findings affected the ATA risk classification with implications for management by changing the interval for clinical followup and the need for additional imaging and laboratory tests. Our study found an 11% change in nodal status in the postsurgical group. Change in patient management was observed in 18%. CONCLUSION SPECT/CT enabled more accurate characterisation of focal iodine accumulation in patients.

Unremitted hyperthyroidism following 131I treatment: an analysis of clinical markers in 48 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang Yi; Zhang Xiuli; Liu Jianfeng; Zhang Youren

2002-01-01

Objective: To evaluate changes in clinical markers of unremitted hyperthyroidism patients after the first 131 I treatment. Methods: Forth eight unremitted hyperthyroidism patients were selected. Their thyroid function, the peak of 131 I uptake rate and thyroid weight before and after 131 I treatment were compared. Results: TT 3 , TT 4 , TSH were relatively stable and the peak of 131 I uptake rate and thyroid weight were reduced after 131 I treatment. Conclusions: Thyroid volume was reduced after 131 I treatment even if patients' clinical symptoms still existed; the peak of 131 I uptake rate was reduced after 131 I treatment, suggesting that their sensibility to 131 I decreased, so the absorbed dose should be adjusted when the 131 I dosage of second treatment is calculated

Feasibility study on standardization of 131I dose in hyperthyrodisom treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang Yi

2011-01-01

To explore feasibility of standardization of 131 I dose in Graves' hyperthyroidism treatment, the data of 681 Graves' disease cases treated with 131 I was retrospective studied. The software was developed to re-calculate the 131 I doses for the patients and compared with original doses given by traditional method. 313 patients with complete information were taken and divided to three groups base on the remedial effect, Cured Group (123 patients), Uncured Group (125 patients) and Hypothyroid Group (65 patients). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the 131 I dose for Graves' hyperthyroidism treatment calculated by two methods (P>0.05). There was obviously statistically significant difference in hypothyroid Group (P 131 I calculated by software method (174.27 MBq) was less than that of traditional method (190.18 MBq). In uncured group, there was still obviously statistically significant difference (P 131 I calculated by software method (187.22 MBq) was more than that of the traditional method (169.46 MBq). In cured group, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.005), the mean dose of 131 I calculated by software method (185 MBq) was slightly smaller than that of the traditional method(192.03 MBq). The results indicate the calculation of standard 131 I dose for Graves' hyperthyroidism treatment by software developed in this study is feasible. (authors)

Labeling method of 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin with 131I and its biodistribution in experimental animals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang Xinyu; Liu Lu; Gao Wen; Chen Daozhen; Huang Ying; Yang Min; Luo Shineng

2008-01-01

Objective: The aims of the study were to find out the optimal 131 I labeling method with 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and also to study its biodistribution in animals. Methods: 131 I-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na 131 I in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The labeling efficiency and the stability of 131 I-17-AAG were measured by paper chromatograph. The biodistribution in the ICR normal mice was observed by the blood samplings and major organs that were taken out from mice at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24 h after 131 I-17-AAG injection through tail veins. VX2 tumor was also implanted in rabbit liver for in vivo imaging with SPECT. Results: The optimal labeling conditions of 17-AAG with mi were determined. The labeling efficiency was 85.65%. The radiochemical purity of 131 I- 17-AAG in acetoacetate solution was (96.51 ± 0.80)% after purification and its radiochemical purity in normal saline solution was (95.57 ± 0.09)%. The radiochemical purity could keep to 90% in normal saline after 5 d at 4 degree C. The biodistribution study in normal mice showed that the uptake (percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue, % ID/g) in liver and kidney was less than that in cholecyst [(3.0963 ± 1.3394) %ID/g] at 0.5 h post-injection, and the uptake in stomach and intestine reached to the highest level at 4 h post-injection. The SPECT images showed that the 131 I-17-AAG was obviously concentrated in the tumor after injection at 2 h and 4 d, 6 d, 14 d with the highest tumor to non-tumor (T/NT) radioactivity ratio of 10.36. Conclusions: The labeling method of 17-AAG with 131 I was successfully established. The 131 I-17-AAG in normal saline had a good stability. The main biodistribution in mice was in digestive system and was excreted through the intestinal tract. The SPECT images showed that 131 I-17-AAG might be a potential target-directed agent to the tumor. (authors)

The behavior of {sup 131}I in polymetatelluric acid irradiated in the nuclear reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teofilovski, C [Institute of Nuclear Sciences Boris Kidric, Hot Laboratory Department, Vinca, Beograd (Serbia and Montenegro)

1966-01-15

Polymetarelluric acid, whose composition is (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n}, is successfully used at the Institute as a target for obtaining {sup 131}I in the reactor. It is prepared by hearing orthotelluric acid in air at 160 deg C of in a steam of water vapor at 208 deg C. Analysis of the valency states of {sup 131}I in irradiated (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n} prepared in either of the above ways shows a variable ratio of reduced and oxidized forms. A considerable increase of the reduced forms with increasing integral thermal neutron flux during irradiation in the reactor in the given interval has also been observed. In order to explain the above phenomenon (H{sub 2}TeO{sub 4}){sub n} was irradiated in the reactor under different conditions, with measurement of the wall temperature of the quartz ampoules containing the target material. Yields of reduced and oxidized form of {sup 131}I were determined immediately after irradiation and after annealing of the target at temperatures from 60 deg C to 150 deg C. A considerable decrease in the yield of the reduced forms of {sup 131}I on target annealing above 100 deg C was observed (author)

Tumor localization of 131I-labeled antibodies by radionuclide imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghose, T.; Tai, J.; Aquino, J.; Guclu, A.; Norvell, S.; MacDondald, A.

1975-01-01

Intravenous injections of 131 I-labeled anti-EL4 lymphoma antibodies showed progressive localization of radioactivity in EL4 transplants but not in B16 melanoma in mice carrying both tumors. Normal rabbit globulin labeled with 131 I did not localize in either tumor and cleared more slowly from the internal organs. Metastatic localization of intravenous 131 I-labeled anti-tumor antibodies was also observed in two cancer patients. (U.S.)

Comparison of the cytogenetic effects of 131I in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and without prior treatment with rhTSH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valgode, Flavia Gomes Silva; Silva, Marcia Augusta da; Yoriyaz, Helio; Ribela, Maria Teresa de Carvalho Pinto; Bartolini, Paolo; Okazaki, Kayo; Gonzalez, Julia A.; Guimaraes, Maria Ines Calil Cury; Buchpiguel, Carlos Alberto

2013-01-01

The effects of internal irradiation caused by radiopharmaceuticals being utilized in nuclear medicine are very little studied at the cellular level. In this study, cytogenetic effects of 131 I thyroid remnant ablation were analyzed in lymphocytes of thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC) through the chromosome aberration technique. The chromosome damages radioinduced in euthyroid patients submitted to rhTSH (Thyrogen) therapy (Group A) were compared to those induced in patients maintained in hypothyroid condition through levothyroxine withdrawal (L-T 4 ) (group B), before, 24h, one week and one month after radioiodine administration (4995 - 7030 MBq). In parallel, in vitro assays were carried out with lymphocytes of healthy donors for the construction of dose-response curves at different radioactive concentrations of 131 I (0.074 to 0.740 MBq/mL) for 24h, thus comparing chromosome damages in vivo and in vitro in order to estimate the absorbed dose through Monte Carlo program. Radioiodine therapy induced a higher total CA rate in hypothyroid compared with euthyroid patients, except 24h after administration of 131 I probably due to higher uptake induced by TSH, although without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The frequency of dicentrics obtained in lymphocytes of all patients 24h after treatment, was equivalent to that induced in vitro in the radioactive concentrations range of 0.07 to 0.50 MBq/mL, corresponding to an absorbed dose of up 1.0 Gy. The data obtained suggest that the use of rhTSH-aided thyroid remnant ablation is efficacy and secure for the patients with DTC. Cytogenetic analysis after one year are planned in order to evaluate late effects. (author)

Observation of curative effect of 131I in treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Kebin; Xu Fan; Zhang Yaping; Wang Jingchang; Zhao Mingli; Ye Ming

2012-01-01

Objective: To explore the curative effect of 131 I in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Method: 126 patients with hyperthyroidism were treated with 131 I and the curative effect was analyzed. Result: The results showed that among 126 cases of hyperthyroidism treated with 131 I, 117 cases had recovered and the cure rate was 92.9%. 9 cases were found hypothyroidism in one-year follow-up and the occurrence rate was 7.1%. Conclusion: The treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131 I is safe and effective method. (authors)

I131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine in the diagnosis and treatment of neural crest tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoefnagel, C.A.; Hartog Jager, F.C.A. den; Taal, B.G.; Engelsman, E.; Kraker, J. de; Voute, P.A.

1988-01-01

Iodine-131-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) was used for scintigraphic detection and therapy of neural crest tumours. The methodology of both techniques is described. Based upon experience with I-131-MIBG-scintigraphy in 170 patients with neural crest tumours, of whom 46 received multiple therapeutic doses of I-131-MIBG, and upon the cumulative reports in the literature, the role of I-131-MIBG in diagnosis and treatment of each of these diseases is indicated. I-131-MIBG-scintigraphy is one of the most sensitive and specific techniques for the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of phaeochromocytoma and neuroblastoma and I-131-MIBG-therapy may induce remission in a number of these patients. In carcinoid and medullary thyroid carcinoma the diagnostic sensitivity is less; however, once the diagnosis has been made, it is useful to establish that the tumour concentrates I-131-MIBG, to see if the patients at some point in time may be amenable to I-131-MIBG-therapy

Recurrent/metastatic thyroid carcinomas false negative for serum thyroglobulin but positive by posttherapy I-131 whole body scans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Eun-Kyung; Lee, Dong Soo; Lee, Myung Chul; Chung, June-Key; Lim, Il Han; Park, Do Joon; Cho, Bo Youn

2009-01-01

Serum Tg and I-131 WBS have been used to detect recurrent and metastatic thyroid cancers postoperatively. Tg is known to be more sensitive than I-131 WBS, and therefore, false-negative WBS cases with elevated Tg levels are frequently found. However, the clinical characteristics of false-negative Tg cases with positive WBS have not been clarified. The authors evaluated 824 postoperative patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent post-ablation/therapy I-131 WBS. Tg negativity was defined as a Tg level of ≤2 ng/mL without TgAb under thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation. Remission, recurrence, and metastasis were confirmed using pathologic or clinically findings. Fifty-two patients (6.3%) with functioning metastasis and negativity for TgAb were Tg-negative and posttherapy I-131 WBS-positive (TgN group), and 128 patients with functioning metastases were Tg positive and WBS positive (TgP group). The TgN group consisted of 45 cases of cervical/mediastinal lymph node metastases (86.5%) and seven cases of distant metastasis to lung or bone by follow-up WBS. The TgN group demonstrated significantly higher profiles of regional involvement than the TgP group (P < 0.029). In 47 patients in the TgN group, metastatic uptake disappeared in 33, ameliorated in four, and persisted in ten during follow-up. A significant number of differentiated thyroid cancer patients were Tg-/TgAb-negative despite a positive WBS finding. Cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes were predominant sites of metastasis in the TgN group. WBS should be undertaken routinely as a complementary modality to detect functioning recurrence and metastasis regardless of serum Tg results. (orig.)

131I treatment in patients undergoing renal dialysis: our experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tobarra, Bonifacio; Campos, Pedro A.; Gonzalez Lopez, Antonio; Palma, Juan D.

2008-01-01

Radiation Protection issues concerning patients, public and staff must be considered carefully in hemodialysis for chronic renal failure patients scheduled for 131 I high dose therapy. In order to assess the risks related to this medical procedure, hemodialysis clearance of 131 I and contamination measurements were carried out. We have studied 12 hemodialysis procedures corresponding to 2 cases of hyperthyroidism disease (555MBq of 131 I administered) and 3 patients with carcinoma of the thyroid (5550 MBq of 131 I administered). The arterio-venous difference of 131 I across the artificial kidney and dose rate reduction at one meter of patient were measured. Contamination levels of the dialyser machine, filters and tubes were measured after dialysis with a contamination monitor. Direct read-out dosimeters were used to assess the radiation doses to nursery staff involved. The result obtained for mean 131 I clearance in blood was 75±11%. The mean dose rate reduction at one meter of the patient was 58±18%. We also checked that contamination levels for the dialyser machine, filters, tubes and accessories were lower than 10Bq/cm 2 . For the nursery staff the radiation dose was found to be lower than 0.1mSv. (author)

Evaluation for Preparation of I-131-MIBG for Diagnosis and Therapy Neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laksmi Andri A; Purwoko; Sri Setyowati; Maskur; Cahya Nova Ardianto; Adang Hardi G

2012-01-01

Evaluation for preparation of 131 I-MIBG have been carried out. Production/preparation of 131 I-MIBG was carried out by labeling MIBG with I-131, the radiochemical purity of 131 I-MIBG was analysed using TLC/paper chromatography. The stability in the human body by using fresh human plasma, at room temperature and at 8°C was carried out. The chemical purity of synthesized MIBG was found to be > 95%, the labeled MIBG with I-131 was analysed using TLC/paper chromatography. The radiochemical purity of 131 I-MIBG was obtained at higher than 95 %. The stability of labeled MIBG in fresh human plasma and at 8°C was stable up to 141 hours, while at room temperature was stable up to 120 hours. The results of labeling of 131 I-MIBG from 2010-2012 showed that these products were colorless clear solution with pH between 5.5.0-7.0, sterile and pyrogen-free, radiochemical purity > 95%. The quality control results were found to be met with the requirements of 131 I-MIBG injection solution used for diagnosis and therapy of neuroblastoma in Hospital. (author)

Determination of 131I and thorium in urine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomida, Rute Miwa

1978-01-01

Methods for the determination of 131 I and Thorium in urine have been developed taking into account the monitoring needs for people who handle with these radioisotopes. The method for determining 131 I is based in the use of silver chloride to separate iodine by precipitation from the sample; the detection was carried out in a Nal (Tl) well type scintillator connected to a single channel analyser. This method has the following advantages; it is easy and relatively fast as well as selective, showing a separation yield higher than 80%. Thorium in urine was determined by colorimetry after the mineralization of the sample using nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, and then oxygen peroxide. The chromophore reagent used was Thoron (disodium salt of 2-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-l-naphthylazo) benzenearsonic acid).The absorbance was measured in a spectro colorimeter at a fixed wavelength (530 nm). The method proved to be simple allowing a separation yield of about 80%. The most representative sample for a monitoring program in a 131 I production laboratory has been established. The 131 I concentration in urine of individuals with chronic contamination have also been measured; an interpretation of these results is discussed. (author)

Application of an imaging plate system to in vivo thyroid 131I monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirota, M.; Saze, T.; Nishizawa, K.

2002-01-01

An imaging plate (IP) system was applied to in vivo thyroid radioactive iodine 131 ( 131 I) monitoring. Thyroid contamination by 131 I occurs when medical staffs and patient's families take in 131 I used as treatment agent for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism in nuclear medicine, inhabitants take in 131 I released into environment by an accident of nuclear facilities, or worker take in 131 I used by experiment of research. The IP system is a two-dimensional integrating radiation detector which is a plate thinly coated plastic sheet with a kind of phosphore. The IP was exposed to a neck-thyroid phantom loaded 131 I aqueous solution. The IP system displayed a thyroid image that reflects a unique shape characteristic of the thyroid gland. A 131 I thyroid imaging allows visual confirmation of thyroid contamination by 131 I. The counting efficiency was approximately constant when neck diameter, thyroid volume and prethyroid tissue thickness varied within the normal adult. The detection limit of 450Bq was about 1/65 of the screening level of 30kBq. The IP system is applicable for thyroid 131 I monitoring

Labelling of tung oil with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correia, R.J.; Mitta, A.E.A.

1975-01-01

A method for labelling Tung Oil with 131 I is described. The oil is dissolved in peroxide free, dry ethyl ether and then it is treated with 131 ICl. A 2,5% mercuric acetate solution in glacial acetic acid is added as a catalist. A radiochemical yield of 100% is achieved in 20 minutes. (author)

Evaluation of an internalizing monoclonal antibody labeled using N-succinimidyl 3-[{sup 131}i]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([{sup 131}i]SIPMB), a negatively charged substituent bearing acylation agent

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Shankar, Sriram; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Affleck, Donna J.; Peixoto, Katia; Bigner, Darell D.; Zalutsky, Michael R. E-mail: zalut001@mc.duke.edu

2004-10-01

Monoclonal antibodies such as L8A4, reactive with the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III, internalize after receptor binding resulting in proteolytic degradation by lysosomes. Labeling internalizing mAbs requires the use of methodologies that result in the trapping of labeled catabolites in tumor cells after intracellular processing. Herein we have investigated the potential utility of N-succinimidyl-3-[{sup 131}I]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([{sup 131}I]SIPMB), an acylation agent that couples the corresponding negatively charged acid [{sup 131}I]IPMBA to the protein, for this purpose. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that [{sup 131}I]IPMBA cleared rapidly from normal tissues and exhibited thyroid levels {<=}0.1% injected dose, consistent with a low degree of dehalogenation. Biodistribution experiments in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous D-256 human glioma xenografts were performed to compare L8A4 labeled using [{sup 131}I]SIPMB to L8A4 labeled with {sup 125}I using both the analogous positively charged acylation agent N-succinimidyl-4-guanidinomethyl-3-[{sup 125}I]iodobenzoate ([{sup 125}I]SGMIB) and Iodogen. Tumor uptake of [{sup 131}I]SIPMB-L8A4 (41.9{+-}3.5% ID/g) was nearly threefold that of L8A4 labeled using Iodogen (14.0{+-}1.1% ID/g) after 2 days, and tumor to tissue ratios remained uniformly high throughout with [{sup 131}I]SIPMB-L8A4. Thyroid uptake increased for the Iodogen labeled mAb (3.55{+-}0.36 %ID at 5 days) whereas that of [{sup 131}I]SIPMB labeled mAb remained low (0.21{+-}0.04% ID at 5 days). In the second biodistribution, L8A4 labeled using [{sup 131}I]SIPMB and [{sup 125}I]SGMIB showed no difference in normal tissue uptake and had nearly identical tumor uptake ([{sup 131}I]SIPMB, 41.8{+-}14.2% ID/g; [{sup 125}I]SGMIB, 41.6{+-}15.8% ID/g, at 4 days). These results suggest that [{sup 131}I]SIPMB may be a viable acylation agent for the radioiodination of internalizing mAbs.

131I-MIBG and neuroendocrine tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliva Gonzalez, Juan Perfecto; Gonzalez Gonzalez, Joaquin Jorge; Calderon Marin, Carlos Fabian

2012-01-01

Neuroendocrine tumours are neoplasms that arise from various tissues closely linked to the neural crest by their common embryological origin. These tumours have the ability to synthesize neurotransmitter peptides and hormones, as well as to store catecholamines. Some of these tumours express somatostatin receptors at their membranes, what have allowed nuclear medicine to be involved in their diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Since they arise from different and varied types of tissues, these tumours have a wide range of signs and symptoms different for every one of them. These signs and symptoms mainly depend on their biochemical characteristics, given by the substances they secrete, as well as by their location, and consequently, they also depend on the place where the tumour appears, its local infiltration, and potential long-distance metastasis resulting from the tumour). Neuroendocrine tumours are diagnosed by means of nuclear medicine images, which are obtained by using different techniques and radiopharmaceuticals such as 99 mTc dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA(V)), 99 mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI), metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labelled with 131 I or 123 I ( 131 I-MIBG or 123 I -MIBG), 111 In-labelled octreotide, positron emission tomography, using 68 Ga-labelled somatostatin analogues and carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibodies. Nuclear medicine uses mainly somatostatin analogues labelled with 90 Y or 177 Lu for the treatment of these tumours. This paper is aimed at showing our experience in the use of 131 I-MIBG for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumours.(author)

Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids - early effect

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Makarewicz Jacek

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Introduction Radioiodine (131I therapy is widely accepted as an essential part of therapeutic regimens in many cases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Radiation-induced oxidative damage to macromolecules is a well known phenomenon. Frequently examined process to evaluate oxidative damage to macromolecules is lipid peroxidation (LPO, resulting from oxidative damage to membrane lipids. The aim of the study was to examine serum LPO level in hypothyroid (after total thyroidectomy cancer patients subjected to ablative activities of 131I. Materials and methods The study was carried out in 21 patients (18 females and 3 males, average age 52.4 ± 16.5 years after total thyroidectomy for papillary (17 patients or follicular (4 patients thyroid carcinoma. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by increased TSH blood concentration (BRAHMS, Germany, measured before 131I therapy. Activity of 2.8 - 6.9 GBq of 131I was administered to the patients orally as sodium iodide (OBRI, Poland. Concentrations of malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA, as an index of LPO (LPO-586 kit, Calbiochem, USA, were measured in blood serum just before 131I administration (day "0" and on the days 1-4 after 131I therapy. Sera from 23 euthyroid patients served as controls. Correlations between LPO and TSH or 131I activity were calculated. Results Expectedly, serum LPO level, when measured before 131I therapy, was several times higher (p 131I therapy. LPO did not correlate with TSH concentration. In turn, negative correlation was found between 131I activity and LPO level on the day "2" after radioiodine treatment. Conclusions Radioiodine remnant ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer does not further increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids, at least early, after therapy.

Euthyroid goiter with autonomy: Results of treatment with radioiodine (/sup 131/I) and by surgery

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Emrich, D.; Reinhardt, M.

1989-02-01

In order to evaluate the efficacy of, and the risk associated with, the definite treatment of euthyroid goiter with autonomy, the data of 88 patients treated between 1982 and 1986 (50 by subtotal thyroidectomy; 38 by /sup 131/I-treatment, mean radiation dose 200 Gy without protection by thyroxine) were analyzed in a retrospective study. The following criteria were used before and after treatment: the results of scintigraphy under suppression qualitatively (in focal autonomy) and quantitatively (global thyroid uptake) (TcU/sub s/), the means of FT/sub 4/I, FT/sub 3/I and ..delta..TSH after TRH, the improvement of mechanical signs and symptoms and the decrease of thyroid volume. Measured by TcU/sub s/ and ..delta..TSH, autonomy could be removed completely in 85-90% of all patients. Surgery was slightly more successful (100%) compared to treatment by /sup 131/I (75-80%). This was also true for removal of mechanical symptoms and reduction of the goiter. The incidence of manifest hypothyroidism was greater after surgery (16%) than after /sup 131/I treatment (3%). At a higher grade of autonomy (TcU/sub s/ > 3.2%) surgery was more effective (95-100%) than treatment with /sup 131/I (60-70%) but at a higher risk of hypothyroidism (24 vs 0%). It is imperative to improve the methods of estimating the amount of /sup 131/I to be administered in euthyroid goiter with autonomy. Selection of patients with autonomy in euthyroid goiter for definite treatment is difficult, since until now their risk to become hyperthyroid cannot be predicted properly.

Behavior of medically-derived 131I in the tidal Potomac River

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rose, Paula S.; Smith, Joseph P.; Cochran, J. Kirk; Aller, Robert C.; Swanson, R. Lawrence

2013-01-01

Iodine-131 (t 1/2 = 8.04 d) is administered to patients for treatment of thyroid disorders, excreted by patients and discharged to surface waters via sewage effluent. Radionuclides generally behave like their stable analogs; therefore, medically-derived 131 I is useful as a transport-reaction tracer of anthropogenic inputs and the aquatic biogeochemistry of iodine. Iodine-131 was measured in Potomac River water and sediments in the vicinity of the Blue Plains Water Pollution Control Plant (WPCP), Washington, DC, USA. Concentrations measured in sewage effluent from Blue Plains WPCP and in the Potomac River suggest a relatively continuous source of this radionuclide. The range of 131 I concentrations detected in surface water was 0.076 ± 0.006 to 6.07 ± 0.07 Bq L −1 . Iodine-131 concentrations in sediments ranged from 1.3 ± 0.8 to 117 ± 2 Bq kg −1 dry weight. Partitioning in the sewage effluent from Blue Plains and in surface waters indicated that 131 I is associated with colloidal and particulate organic material. The behavior of medically-derived 131 I in the Potomac River is consistent with the nutrient-like behavior of natural iodine in aquatic environments. After discharge to the river via sewage effluent, it is incorporated into biogenic particulate material and deposited in sediments. Solid phase sediment profiles of 131 I indicated rapid mixing or sedimentation of particulate debris and diagenetic remineralization and recycling on short time scales. - Highlights: ► Medically-derived 131 I was measured in sewage effluent, river water, and sediments. ► Sediment 210 Pb and 7 Be profiles help characterize the sedimentary environment. ► 131 I flux to sediments in study area is ∼ 1% of that discharged in sewage effluent. ► 131 I distributions constrain reaction-transport processes to weekly time scales. ► Collectively these data are used to better understand iodine biogeochemistry

Fixed dose 131-I treatment in Basedow patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klisarova, A; Bochev, P.; Hristosov, K.

2003-01-01

The choice of a treatment for Basedow patients is still unsolved problem. The treatment with 131-I has certain advantages but the determination of the individual therapeutic dose is impossible. The aim of the study is to assess the efficiency of the treatment with a fixed dose. 23 patient have been treated, 30 women and 3 men, age between 48 and 78. All patients are with chronic disease with relapses (1 to 4 relapses). 5 of the patients are with a thyrotoxic heart, 3 - with ophtalmopatia, 2 - with toxic medicamentous hepatitis and 2 with allergies to thyreostatics. Before the treatment with 131-I all patients have been in euthyroid state with normal levels of the peripheral hormones. All patients have received initial doses of 5 mCi 131-I. The hormone levels have been followed on 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th month after the uptake. From a total of 23 patients, in 3 cases a transitional hypothyroidism has been found between 3th and 6th month, in 3 patients - permanent hypothyroidism. In 5 patients after the 6th month an additional dose of 5 mCi 131-I is given (in one woman a permanent hypothyroidism is reached). Four of the patients have been with a significant thyroid hyperplasia with volume above 60 ml. In three patients in the period between 6th and 12th month a slight hyperthyroidism is registered, which have been suppressed by a low dose thyreostatic. A year after the treatment they have been found euthyroid. The decision for giving a second dose have been based on the evident heptahydrate symptomatic s and the persisting increased thyroid volume. In one case it is observed an acute thyrotoxicosis for 3-5 days after the 131 I uptake. No cases of worsening of the eye symptoms are observed. In conclusion, the treatment with 131 I is a appropriate method for patients with cardiovascular complications, contraindication for surgery or side effects of the thyreostatic treatment. the dose od 5 mCi is sufficient for patients with mild to medium form of Basedow disease and a

Evaluation of infection imaging potential of 131I-labeled imidazolium salt

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayca Tuncel; Fatma Yurt; Osman Yilmaz; Ismail Oeztuerk

2018-01-01

Effective antimicrobial compounds are necessary due to increased resistance of antibiotics against microorganisms causing infectious diseases. In this study, imidazolium-TFSI salt [ITFSI: octyl-bis(3-methylimidazolium)-di(bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide)] was labeled with 131 I with high efficiency. In vitro uptake experiments of 131 I-ITFSI showed high uptake in gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. 131 I-ITFSI was also evaluated for comparison between bacterial infection and sterile inflammation by in vivo studies. The biodistribution results revealed that 131 I-ITFSI might be used as a nuclear imaging agent for detection of bacterial infection. (author)

A prospective clinical trial to assess the efficacy of radioiodine ablation as an alternative to completion thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer undergoing sub-total thyroidectomy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bal, C.S.; Kumar, Ajay; Pant, G.S.; Chandra, Prem; Dwivedi, S.N.

2006-01-01

We conducted a prospective clinical trial to evaluate whether radioiodine ablation can be an effective alternative to completion thyroidectomy in patients undergoing sub-total thyroidectomy and if yes, the optimum activity of 131 I and frequency of ablation. A total of 85 patients (F-63; M-22) with mean age of 37.9±12.3 years were recruited in this study. The pre-ablation mean 24 hour radioiodine neck uptake, effective half-life, residual thyroid tissue weight and TSH values were 13.9±8.5%, 4.5±0.9 days, 9.6±3.6 g and 11.7±6.4 μIU/ml, respectively. Thyroid tissue was completely ablated in 50 patients (58.8%, 95% CI:50-68%) after mean 1st administered activity of 32.3±10.7 mCi of 131 I and the cumulative ablation rate was 91.8% after two doses of 131 I. During mean follow-up duration of 49 months no local/distant recurrence has been observed so far in this cohort. It appears that radioiodine ablation may be an attractive alternative to completion thyroidectomy and an activity as low as 35 mCi may achieve reasonable ablation

Comparison of the cytogenetic effects of {sup 131}I in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer with and without prior treatment with rhTSH

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Valgode, Flavia Gomes Silva; Silva, Marcia Augusta da; Yoriyaz, Helio; Ribela, Maria Teresa de Carvalho Pinto; Bartolini, Paolo; Okazaki, Kayo, E-mail: kokazaki@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Gonzalez, Julia A.; Guimaraes, Maria Ines Calil Cury; Buchpiguel, Carlos Alberto [Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Centro de Medicina Nuclear

2013-07-01

The effects of internal irradiation caused by radiopharmaceuticals being utilized in nuclear medicine are very little studied at the cellular level. In this study, cytogenetic effects of {sup 131}I thyroid remnant ablation were analyzed in lymphocytes of thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC) through the chromosome aberration technique. The chromosome damages radioinduced in euthyroid patients submitted to rhTSH (Thyrogen) therapy (Group A) were compared to those induced in patients maintained in hypothyroid condition through levothyroxine withdrawal (L-T{sub 4}) (group B), before, 24h, one week and one month after radioiodine administration (4995 - 7030 MBq). In parallel, in vitro assays were carried out with lymphocytes of healthy donors for the construction of dose-response curves at different radioactive concentrations of {sup 131}I (0.074 to 0.740 MBq/mL) for 24h, thus comparing chromosome damages in vivo and in vitro in order to estimate the absorbed dose through Monte Carlo program. Radioiodine therapy induced a higher total CA rate in hypothyroid compared with euthyroid patients, except 24h after administration of {sup 131}I probably due to higher uptake induced by TSH, although without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The frequency of dicentrics obtained in lymphocytes of all patients 24h after treatment, was equivalent to that induced in vitro in the radioactive concentrations range of 0.07 to 0.50 MBq/mL, corresponding to an absorbed dose of up 1.0 Gy. The data obtained suggest that the use of rhTSH-aided thyroid remnant ablation is efficacy and secure for the patients with DTC. Cytogenetic analysis after one year are planned in order to evaluate late effects. (author)

Recommendations for the measurement 131I in human thyroid using a detector of NaI(Tl)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Puerta Yepes, N.; Rojo, A.M.; Andres, P.A.

2010-01-01

The Argentine Total Body Counter Laboratory of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority participated in the last regional intercomparison Exercise organized in the frame of the IAEA Project RLA 9/066 related with in vivo measurements of 131 I in the thyroid. There were identified some difficulties in determining the efficiency and calibration factor (CF) for the 131 I when a source of 133 Ba and a detector of NaI (Tl) are used in the calibration process. Independent measurements were performed for two calibration sources of known activity ( 133 Ba and 131 I) with identical geometry pattern and using a gamma spectrometry system with NaI(Ti) detector. It was found that the region of interest (ROI) which, both in the spectrum of 133 Ba as in the spectrum of 131 I, had the same efficiency. It was determined the activity of the source of 133 Ba , distributed in the intercomparison, and the calibrated source of 131 I using different values of efficiency and FC obtained. It was analyzed the conditions under which the use of 133 Ba as a source of calibration is effective for the measurement of 131 I. (authors) [es

The interactions among impact factors affecting 131I treatment efficacy of Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Peng; Tan Jian; Zhang Guizhi; He Yajing; Dong Feng; Wang Renfei; Xiao Qian

2011-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the possible interactions among different impact factors possibly affecting the treatment efficacy of 131 I in Graves' disease (GD). Methods: Six hundred and thirty two GD patients that had been treated by 131 I, with or without antithyroid drugs (ATD), were included in this study. The impact factors were pre-defined as age (x 1 ), sex (x 2 ), mass of thyroid (x 3 ), course of disease (x 4 ), initial symptom (x 5 ), condition of disease (x 6 ), ATD treatment duration (x 7 ), effective half life time (x 8 ), maximum 131 I uptake rate (x 9 ), total dose of 131 I (x 10 ), dose of 131 I per gram of thyroid (x 11 ), TRAb (x 12 ), TSI (x 13 ), TgAb (x 14 ), and thyroid microsomal antibody(TMAb) level (x 15 ). Interactions among different impact factors were studied by t-test, χ 2 test and multi-variant logistic regression. Results: Age, mass of thyroid, ATD treatment duration, maximum 131 I uptake rate, dose of 131 I per gram of thyroid tissue and TSI level were identified as independent impact factors affecting the 131 I treatment efficacy on GD (χ 2 =6.908, t=-4.063, χ 2 =13.558, t=-2.553, t=4.528, χ 2 =9.716, all P 131 I uptake rate (likelihood χ 2 =8.176, P>0.05; F=2.928, 1.992, 2.629, 2.215, all P 131 I treatment, which might guide the prescription of 131 I dosage for GD treatment. (authors)

Evaluation of 131I retention in several adsorbers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Catanoso, Marcela F.; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto

2011-01-01

Several iodine radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine for treatment and diagnostic purposes. The radioisotope 131 I is used both in diagnosis and therapy due to its physical characteristics of decay by β - and its γ-ray emissions suitable for diagnosis. It is routinely produced at IPEN through the irradiation of TeO 2 targets in the IEA-R1m nuclear reactor. After the irradiation, the 131 I is separated by dry distillation, where the targets are put in an oven, heated at 760 deg C for 2 hours and the 131 I, volatile, is carried by an O 2 gas stream. The aim of this work was to evaluate the retention and elution of 131 I samples produced at IPEN in several adsorbers as part of a project aiming the purification of these radioisotopes, allowing the labeling of biomolecules. Samples of 131 I were used for retention and elution studies with the following adsorbers: commercial cartridges, anionic resin columns and cationic resin column. The results showed that Ag cartridges and anionic resins Dowex 1X8, Dowex 3 and IRA 400 had a great iodine retention but no elution after using specific eluents. The QMA light, acid alumina, neutral alumina and cationic resin Dowex 50WX4 showed high retention and elution and QMA plus and cationic resin Dowex 50WX8 and Dowex 50WX12 had a good retention but lower elution. Regarding to the better retention and elution, Ag cartridges and resins showed a higher percentage of iodine retention but lower elution yield and QMA light, acid and neutral alumina cartridges showed better results. (author)

Longterm results of 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamada, Noboru; Ito, Kunihiko; Mimura, Takashi; Nishikawa, Yoshihiko; Momotani, Naoko

1979-01-01

The results of 131 I treatment were analyzed in 512 out of 1,620 cases of hyperthyroid patients treated with 131 I from 1963 to 1967 at Ito Hospital, Tokyo. The incidence of hypothyroidism, diagnosed clinically referring serum T 3 , T 4 and metabolic index, was 28.5%, euthyroidism 66.4% and hyperthyroidism 5.1%. Fourty one percent of euthyroid cases had high levels of serum TSH. While TRH tests were performed in 11 euthyroid cases with normal TSH levels, TSH response was normal in only 3 of the cases. Since there was no difference in the incidence of hypothyroidism among patients receiving a single dose of 6,001 - 7,000, 7,001 - 8,000 and 8,001 - 9,000 rads, relationship between the results of therapy and various factors which might influence the outcome of therapy was investigated in these cases. The incidence of hypothyroidism was higher in patients with shorter period between the onset of hyperthyroid symptoms and 131 I therapy, previous therapy with external irradiation, small goiter, severe exophthalmus, and shorter effective half life of 131 I at the time of treatment. Three cases of thyroid cancer and 2 cases of leukemia were observed in 823 patients which included 311 cases followed up only by inquiry. (author)

Scintigraphic criteria for administration of therapeutic activities of 131I for ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dzhuzha, D.A.

2003-01-01

With the aim to determinate the optical scintigraphic criteria of radioablation of the small parts of residual thyroid tissue (RTT) after a thyroidectomy the results of postoperative monitoring of 29 women aged 23-60 with differentiated thyroid cancer, who did not get the radioiodine therapy, were analyzed. At the single postoperative scintigraphy with 131 I the optimal scintigraphic criteria for radioablation are the relative level of 131 I accumulation in RTT and the relative specific volume activity in RTT. At the values of these indices below 0.21% and 0.16%/sm 3 , respectively, only suppressive thyroid hormone therapy and standard monitoring are recommended

Therapeutic efficacy of intralesional 131I-labelled hyaluronectin in grafted human glioblastoma

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Girard, N.; Courel, M.N.; Vera, P.; Delpech, B. [Centre Henri-Becquerel, Rouen (France). Laboratoire d' Oncologie Moleculaire

2000-07-01

The grafted human glioblastoma cell CB109 was used as a model for intralesional therapy with 131I-labelled hyaluronectin glycoprotein (131I-HN). 131I-HN bound specifically to in situ hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of the extracellular matrix which is involved in tumour invasion. Labelling experimental conditions were determined and, finally, 25 {mu}Ci/{mu}gHN, 1 {mu}g chloramine-T/{mu}gHN and a 60-s stirring period provided a 131I-HN preparation with an optimal affinity for HA (64% compared to unlabelled HN). Following intratumoral injection, 131I-HN was retained with a limited diffusion outside the tumour. On day 4 the radioactivity concentrated in the tumour was still 25 times greater than that in the liver, spleen and kidneys combined. For therapeutic assays, 65 {mu}Ci 131I-HN was injected into the tumour, resulting in a delivery of 6.8 Gy over a 7-day period. Controls received unlabelled HN, heat-inactivated HN, a mixture of inactivated HN plus free 131I or no treatment (six animals per group). Tumour volumes were evaluated every second day from treatment day and the rate of tumour growth was expressed as a ratio of tumour size at time intervals to the tumour size at the time of injection. Growth curves were compared: heat-inactivated with or without free 131I had no anti-tumour effect. Unlabelled HN-injected tumours had a slightly slower growth rate than untreated tumours (p < 0.02) and growth rate of 131I-HN-injected tumours was much lower (p < 0.00002). A pronounced inhibitory effect with intralesional 131I-labelled HN injection resulted from a combination of a) blockage of HA, a proliferation facilitating factor, and b) local irradiation of tumoral tissue, while uptake in normal tissues was minimized.

Therapeutic efficacy of intralesional 131I-labelled hyaluronectin in grafted human glioblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Girard, N.; Courel, M.N.; Vera, P.; Delpech, B.

2000-01-01

The grafted human glioblastoma cell CB109 was used as a model for intralesional therapy with 131I-labelled hyaluronectin glycoprotein (131I-HN). 131I-HN bound specifically to in situ hyaluronic acid (HA), a main component of the extracellular matrix which is involved in tumour invasion. Labelling experimental conditions were determined and, finally, 25 μCi/μgHN, 1 μg chloramine-T/μgHN and a 60-s stirring period provided a 131I-HN preparation with an optimal affinity for HA (64% compared to unlabelled HN). Following intratumoral injection, 131I-HN was retained with a limited diffusion outside the tumour. On day 4 the radioactivity concentrated in the tumour was still 25 times greater than that in the liver, spleen and kidneys combined. For therapeutic assays, 65 μCi 131I-HN was injected into the tumour, resulting in a delivery of 6.8 Gy over a 7-day period. Controls received unlabelled HN, heat-inactivated HN, a mixture of inactivated HN plus free 131I or no treatment (six animals per group). Tumour volumes were evaluated every second day from treatment day and the rate of tumour growth was expressed as a ratio of tumour size at time intervals to the tumour size at the time of injection. Growth curves were compared: heat-inactivated with or without free 131I had no anti-tumour effect. Unlabelled HN-injected tumours had a slightly slower growth rate than untreated tumours (p < 0.02) and growth rate of 131I-HN-injected tumours was much lower (p < 0.00002). A pronounced inhibitory effect with intralesional 131I-labelled HN injection resulted from a combination of a) blockage of HA, a proliferation facilitating factor, and b) local irradiation of tumoral tissue, while uptake in normal tissues was minimized

Migration of radionuclide I-131 through a clayey porous matrix

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamlat, M.S.

1996-01-01

The chemical and physical behavior of the radiotracer I-131 through a porous matrix are described. The study was evaluated using the laboratory column, which contains porous soils. The collected activities have been measured by gamma counting with a NaI(Tl) detector. The indicators were observed and analyzed by using the one dimension mass transport equation. The solution was utilized to interpret the obtaining experimental data. The experimental values of I-131 are in agreement with those calculated by the model. However, the utilization of (I-131) in the punctual hydrogeological studies is proved. (author). 5 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

Predictive value of tracer studies for 131I treatment in hyperthyroid cats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broome, M.R.; Turrel, J.M.; Hays, M.T.

1988-01-01

In 76 cats with hyperthyroidism, peak thyroidal radioiodine ( 131 I) uptakes and effective half-lives were determined after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131 I. In 6 additional hyperthyroid cats, only peak thyroidal uptakes after administration of tracer and therapeutic activities of 131 I were determined. Good correlation was found between peak thyroidal uptakes of tracer and therapeutic 131 I; however, only fair correlation was observed between effective half-lives. In 79% of the cats, the effective half-life for therapeutic 131 I was longer than that for tracer 131 I. After administration of therapeutic activity of 131 I, monoexponential and biphasic decay curves were observed in 51 and 16 cats, respectively. Using therapeutic kinetic data, radiation doses to the thyroid gland were calculated retrospectively on the basis of 2 methods for determining the activity of 131 I administered: (1) actual administration of tracer-compensated activity and (2) hypothetic administration of uniform activity (3 mCi). Because of the good predictive ability of tracer kinetic data for the therapeutic kinetic data, the tracer-compensated radiation doses came significantly (P = 0.008) closer to the therapeutic goal than did the uniform-activity doses. In addition, the use of tracer kinetic information reduced the extent of the tendency for consistently high uniform-activity doses. A manual method for acquiring tracer kinetic data was developed and was an acceptable alternative to computerized techniques. Adoption of this method gives individuals and institutions with limited finances the opportunity to characterize the iodine kinetics in cats before proceeding with administration of therapeutic activities of 131 I

Development of gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid system for simultaneous imaging of I-131 radionuclide

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Yamamoto, Seiichi; Suzuki, Mayumi; Kato, Katsuhiko [Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine (Japan); Watabe, Tadashi; Ikeda, Hayato; Kanai, Yasukazu [Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Japan); Ogata, Yoshimune [Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine (Japan); Hatazawa, Jun [Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Japan)

2016-09-11

Although iodine 131 (I-131) is used for radionuclide therapy, high resolution images are difficult to obtain with conventional gamma cameras because of the high energy of I-131 gamma photons (364 keV). Cerenkov-light imaging is a possible method for beta emitting radionuclides, and I-131 (606 MeV maximum beta energy) is a candidate to obtain high resolution images. We developed a high energy gamma camera system for I-131 radionuclide and combined it with a Cerenkov-light imaging system to form a gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system to compare the simultaneously measured images of these two modalities. The high energy gamma imaging detector used 0.85-mm×0.85-mm×10-mm thick GAGG scintillator pixels arranged in a 44×44 matrix with a 0.1-mm thick reflector and optical coupled to a Hamamatsu 2 in. square position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT: H12700 MOD). The gamma imaging detector was encased in a 2 cm thick tungsten shield, and a pinhole collimator was mounted on its top to form a gamma camera system. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was made of a high sensitivity cooled CCD camera. The Cerenkov-light imaging system was combined with the gamma camera using optical mirrors to image the same area of the subject. With this configuration, we simultaneously imaged the gamma photons and the Cerenkov-light from I-131 in the subjects. The spatial resolution and sensitivity of the gamma camera system for I-131 were respectively ~3 mm FWHM and ~10 cps/MBq for the high sensitivity collimator at 10 cm from the collimator surface. The spatial resolution of the Cerenkov-light imaging system was 0.64 mm FWHM at 10 cm from the system surface. Thyroid phantom and rat images were successfully obtained with the developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system, allowing direct comparison of these two modalities. Our developed gamma-photon/Cerenkov-light hybrid imaging system will be useful to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these two

An accurate method of 131I dosimetry in the rat thyroid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, W.; Shleien, B.; Telles, N.C.; Chiacchierini, R.P.

1979-01-01

An accurate method of thyroid 131 I dosimetry was developed by imploying the dose formulation recommended by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee. Six-week-old female Long-Evans rats were injected intraperitonealy with 0.5, 1.9, and 5.4 μCi of Na 131 I. The accumulated 131 I activities in the thyroid were precisely determined by integrating the 131 I activities per gram of the thyroid as functions of postinjection time. When the mean thyroid doses derived from this method are compared to those derived from the conventional method, the conventional method over-estimated the doses by 60 to 70%. Similarly, the conventional method yielded effective half-lives of 2.5 to 2.8 days; these estimates were found to be high by factors of 1.4 to 2.0. This finding implies that the biological elimination of iodide from the rat thyroid is much more rapid (up to 2.5 times) that once believed. Results from this study showed that the basic assumption in the conventional method of thyroid 131 I dosimetry in the rat, i.e., that the thyroid iodide retention function is a single exponential, is invalid. Results from this study also demonstrated that variations in animal body weight of 6 to 7-week-old animals and diurnal variation have no significant influence on the mean thyroid doses for a given injected activity of 131 I. However, as expected, variation in iodide content of the animal diets significantly altered the thyroid doses for a given 131 I injected activity

Development of a calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao, C.; Tang, F.; He, L.; Xu, Y.; Lu, X.

2016-01-01

A prototype calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices was developed at the Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology (SIMT). This system consists of a gaseous "1"3"1I_2 generator, an airborne storage chamber, an airborne iodine sampler, and an HPGe spectrometer. With this system, "1"3"1I reference samples in the form of charcoal filters and charcoal cartridges, with activities ranging from 100 to 10,000 Bq, were produced with overall relative standard uncertainties of 2.8% (for filter samples) and 3.5% (for cartridge samples); the activities range could be extended according to need. - Highlights: • Original calibration system for airborne "1"3"1I monitoring devices was developed. • Two types of "1"3"1I reference samples was prepared. • The activity of the produced "1"3"1I reference sample could be easily controlled. • The influence of uneven distribution of "1"3"1I in cartridge samples was considered.

Preparation and biodistribution of [131I]linezolid in animal model infection and inflammation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yurt Lambrecht, F.; Durkan, K.; Unak, P.; Bayrak, E.; Yilmaz, O.

2009-01-01

Linezolid is the first of new class of antibiotics, the oxazolidinones, and exhibits activity against many gram-positive organisms, including vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Aim of the study: Linezolid was to label with I-131 and potential of the radiolabeled antibiotic was to investigate in inflamed rats with S. aureus (S. aureus) and sterile inflamed rats with turpentine oil. Linezolid was labeled with I-131 by iodogen method. Biodistribution of [ 131 I]linezolid was carried out in bacterial inflamed and sterile inflamed rats. Radiolabeling yield of [ 131 I]linezolid was determined as 85 ± 1% at pH 2. After injecting of [ 131 I]linezolid into bacterial inflamed and sterile inflamed rats, radiolabeled linezolid was rapidly removed from the circulation via the kidneys. Binding of [ 131 I]linezolid to bacterial inflamed muscle (T/NT = 77.48 at 30 min) was five times higher than binding to sterile inflamed muscle (T/NT = 14.87 at 30 min) of rats. [ 131 I]linezolid showed good localization in bacterial inflamed tissue. It was demonstrated that [ 131 I]linezolid can be used to detect S. aureus inflammation in rats. (author)

The non-condition logistic regression analysis of the reason of hypothyroidism after hyperthyroidism with 131I treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dang Yaping; Hu Guoying; Meng Xianwen

1994-01-01

There are many opinions on the reason of hypothyroidism after hyperthyroidism with 131 I treatment. In this respect, there are a few scientific analyses and reports. The non-condition logistic regression solved this problem successfully. It has a higher scientific value and confidence in the risk factor analysis. 748 follow-up patients' data were analysed by the non-condition logistic regression. The results shown that the half-life and 131 I dose were the main causes of the incidence of hypothyroidism. The degree of confidence is 92.4%

Control system of liquid effluents generated in treatment with I-131; Sistema de control de efluentes liquidos generados en el tratamiento con I-131

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Garcia M, T.; Ruiz C, M. A.; Angeles C, A.; Ramirez S, R., E-mail: teodoro.garcia@inin.gob.mx [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2015-09-15

In recent years, nuclear medicine has developed greatly in our country and around the world. Techniques for both medical diagnosis and therapy have increased the use of radiopharmaceuticals, notably the I-131. In Mexico there are around 150 nuclear medicine establishments authorized by the Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias. Most of these establishments do not have an appropriate facility for the treatment of radioactive liquid effluents, to ensure compliance with the concentration limits established in the regulations. The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) developed and implemented successfully, a control system of radioactive effluents (named SACEL) from a nuclear medicine facility. This system ensures an effective compliance with regulations and also better management and control of these radioactive effluents. Calculations and design of SACEL were made with respect to I-131, because is one of the most commonly used in radiotherapy and medical diagnostics, besides its half-life is greater in relation to other radionuclides. SACEL is comprised of four storage tanks and decay and a fifth tank for measuring the concentration of I-131 and later discharge to the drain; these tanks are connected to an automated system that controls the effluents passage. The calculation to determine the volume of the tanks was carried out according to the demand that has the hospital, to the maximum activity being poured in effluents and time required to decay. In this paper the design and installation of SACEL system, in addition to functioning as a facility that enables the Hospital meet the required standards is presented. Dose calculations performed with MCNPX and the methodology used in the calibration of the detection system is also presented. (Author)

Laser ablation of tumors: current concepts and recent developments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stroszczynski, C.; Gaffke, G.; Gnauck, M.; Ricke, J.; Felix, R.; Puls, R.; Speck, U.; Hosten, N.; Oettle, H.; Hohenberger, P.

2004-01-01

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present technical innovations and clinical results of percutaneous interventional laser ablation of tumors using new techniques. Methods. Laser ablation was performed in 182 patients (liver tumors: 131, non hepatic tumors - bone, lung, others: 51) after interdisciplinary consensus was obtained. The procedure was done using a combination of imaging modalities (CT/MRI, CT/US) or only closed high field MRI (1.5 T). All patients received an MRI-scan immediately after laser ablation. Results. In 90.9% of the patients with liver tumors, a complete ablation was achieved. Major events occurred in 5.4%. The technical success rate of laser ablation in non-hepatic tumors was high, clinical results differed depending on the treated organ. Conclusions. The treatment of tumors of the liver and other organs up to 5 cm by laser ablation was a safe procedure with a low rate of complications and side effects. Image guidance by MRI is advantageous for precise tumor visualization in all dimensions, therapy monitoring, and control of laser ablation results. (orig.) [de

Autonomous Functioning Thyroid Nodule in a 4-year-old Male Child Treated with Radioiodine (I-131)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khare, Abhishek; Bhutani, Puneet; Chauhan, Suneel

2013-01-01

Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules that cause toxic manifestations (toxic adenomas) are benign monoclonal tumors characterized by their capacity to grow and produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) autonomously, i.e. in the absence of thyrotropin thyroid stimulating hormone. Toxic adenomas are a rare presentation of hyperthyroidism in the pediatric population. Radioiodine (I-131) has been widely used for therapy of patients with toxic adenomas and is now accepted as a safe and effective treatment even in the pediatric age group. The authors here present a case of a 4-year-old boy with a solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule, who was successfully treated with radioiodine (I-131) and is presently on follow-up

Calculated activity incorporated in the therapy with I131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chica, L.G.; Puerta, J.A.

1998-01-01

By means of the product S(T→ S).A s (T e ), the absorbed dose to thyroid delivered by I 131 incorporated is calculated. Where S(T→ S) is the absorbed dose in the thyroid per nuclear transformation (tn.) of I 131 localized in the thyroid and as a potential function of the mass is expressed. A s (T e ) is the number of tn. of I 131 in the thyroid since the moment of the incorporation until the time T e (the effective middle time); to find A s (T e ) to normal as different pathological conditions, the metabolic model of the iodo proposed by the ICRP is used. Of the expressions of the doses, the incorporated activity, l o , is obtained

Clinical discussion of adrenal scan by 131I-adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubo, Atsushi

1976-01-01

131 I-adosterol adrenal scan was conducted to 31 patients. Clear positive images were obtained at the adrenal gland at the side of cortical adenoma on scintigram in all of 5 patients with primary aldosteronism and 5 patients with Cushing's syndrome. It was found that the quantitative measurements of 131 I-adosterol % uptake and of right-to-left uptake ratio do not only make a regional diagnosis of adrenocortical tumor more positive, but also they make the state of adrenocortical function known to an extent. Adrenal scan is easy to be used, and is non-invasive to patients. The obtained results are diagnostically valuable. It is considered that 131 I-Adosterol is an excellent radiopharmaceutical having the sufficient efficacy for adrenal diseases. (Ichikawa, K.)

131I-iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Deshan

2004-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of 131 I-iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. Methods: Twenty-nine, patients aged 11-18 years (mean 15.9±2.32 years old), with hyperthyroidism received 131 I-iodine treatment in a dose of 25-90μCi/g (median 50μCi/g) of thyroid. Of the 29 patients, 3 patient required 2 doses, 14 received ATD therapy before 131 I, 11 patients suffered from TAO(thyroid associated ophthalmopathy). The total maximum and minimum doses were 15 and 1.6 mCi respectively. Results: All patients treated with 131 I-iodine, follow-up after the most recent treatment (median 14, range 4 to 60 months), 15 patients were euthyroid, 5 suffered from late-onset hypothyroidism, 9 were still hyperthyroidism, but their symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism were improved or markedly. Of the 16 patients with TAO, TAO in 11 patients disappeared or were improved, TAO in 5 patients didn't or mildly change. The size of thyroid in all patients had largely been reduced. Conclusions: 131 I-iodine is effective for initial treatment of hyperthyroidism, the treatment of medical treatment failures and the patients with TAO in children and adolescents. (authors)

Successful Ablation for Atrial Tachycardia Originated from Sinus Venosa with Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy

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Sou Takenaka

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A 74-year-old male suffering from congestive heart failure with atrial tachycardia (AT with 2 : 1 atrioventricular conduction was admitted to our hospital. After the therapy with diuretics and β-blocker, his rapid AT was still sustained. He took the catheter ablation for his AT. Postpacing interval mapping from entrainment and noncontact mapping system revealed the mechanism of his AT, originated from sinus venosa. His AT was successfully terminated and eliminated by radiofrequency catheter ablation. After the successful ablation, he has been free from any AT, and his cardiac function was also improved.

The early changes of thyroid hormone concentrations after 131I therapy for graves' hyperthyroidism - the role of pretreatment with methimazole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pirnat, E.; Fidler, V.; Zaletel, K.; Gaberscek, S.; Hojker, S.

2002-01-01

Full text: 131 I therapy may cause exacerbation of hyperthyroidism due to leakage of previously formed thyroid hormones from damaged thyroid cells in Graves' patients. To avoid this complication pretreatment with antithyroid drugs is recommended. Otherwise, the use of antithyroid drugs prior to 131 I therapy may diminish the success of 131 I therapy and should therefore be discontinued. The aim of our prospective clinical study was to compare early changes of thyroid hormone concentrations after 131 I therapy in Graves' patients, pretreated or not pretreated with methimazole. 92 consecutive Graves' patients, 84 females and 8 males, aged 17 to 80 were treated with 555 MBq of 131 I. Absorbed dose of 131 I was calculated. In the first group of 22 patients treatment with methimazole (20 mg/day) was discontinued 7 days before 131 I therapy, the second group of 33 patients received methimazole until the day of 131 I therapy and the third group of 37 patients was not pretreated with methimazole before 131 I therapy. 7 and 2 days before 131 I therapy and 2, 5, 12 and 30 days after serum free T 4 (fT 4 ) and free T 3 (fT 3 ) concentrations were measured. In the first group a significant increase of fT 4 and fT 3 was observed 7 days after discontinuation of methimazole (fT 4 14.60 ± 4.10 vs. 18.25 ± 7.16; fT 3 5.45 ± 1.44 vs. 7.79 ± 5.27 pmol/l), while gradual decrease of fT 4 and fT 3 was observed after 131 I therapy. In the second group a significant increase of fT 4 and fT 3 after 131 I therapy peaking on day 5 was observed (fT 4 20.91 ± 13.70 vs. 27.85 ± 18.17; fT 3 7.81 ± 5.21 vs. 9.42 ± 6.21 pmol/l). In the third group significant decrease of fT 4 and fT 3 concentrations was observed after 131 I therapy (fT 4 36.12 ± 18.55 vs. on day 12th 27.49 ± 15.20; fT 3 12.66 ± 7.04 vs. on day 12th 8.31 ± 4.92 pmol/l). No correlation between absorbed dose of 131 I and changes of fT 4 and fT 3 concentrations was observed. Therefore, our results indicate that not 131 I

Differences in Brain Glucose Metabolism During Preparation for 131I Ablation in Thyroid Cancer Patients: Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal Versus Recombinant Human Thyrotropin.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeong, Hyeonseok S; Choi, Eun Kyoung; Song, In-Uk; Chung, Yong-An; Park, Jong-Sik; Oh, Jin Kyoung

2017-01-01

In preparation for 131 I ablation, temporary withdrawal of thyroid hormone is commonly used in patients with thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy. The current study aimed to investigate brain glucose metabolism and its relationships with mood or cognitive function in these patients using 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 F-FDG-PET). A total of 40 consecutive adult patients with thyroid carcinoma who had undergone total thyroidectomy were recruited for this cross-sectional study. At the time of assessment, 20 patients were hypothyroid after two weeks of thyroid hormone withdrawal, while 20 received thyroid hormone replacement therapy and were euthyroid. All participants underwent brain 18 F-FDG-PET scans and completed mood questionnaires and cognitive tests. Multivariate spatial covariance analysis and univariate voxel-wise analysis were applied for the image data. The hypothyroid patients were more anxious and depressed than the euthyroid participants. The multivariate covariance analysis showed increases in glucose metabolism primarily in the bilateral insula and surrounding areas and concomitant decreases in the parieto-occipital regions in the hypothyroid group. The level of thyrotropin was positively associated with the individual expression of the covariance pattern. The decreased 18 F-FDG uptake in the right cuneus cluster from the univariate analysis was correlated with the increased thyrotropin level and greater depressive symptoms in the hypothyroid group. These results suggest that temporary hypothyroidism, even for a short period, may induce impairment in glucose metabolism and related affective symptoms.

Production technology of 131I-rose bengal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hradilek, P.; Miklik, M.; Kopicka, K.; Kronrad, L.

1983-01-01

A detailed description is presented of the production equipment and production process used for Rose Bengal labelled with 131 I designed for use in nuclear medicine. The apparatus was installed in the semi-hot cell laboratory of the Nuclear Research Institute at Rez. The processed activity is around 20 GBq, the average yield of the ion exchange reaction between non-radioactive Rose Bengal and 131 I-labelled sodium iodide is 90%. The unreacted active sodium iodide is separated and the resulting product is diluted and processed into a drug presentation, sterilized and after random control is distributed in 14 days intervals to medical workplaces. (M.D.)

Antithyroid drug regimens before and after 131I-therapy for hyperthyroidism: evidence-based?

Science.gov (United States)

Mijnhout, G S; Franken, A A M

2008-06-01

In view of the new national guideline on thyroid dysfunction, the evidence base for current practice as well as the new guideline is assessed with regard to the use of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) before and after radioiodine (131I) therapy. In December 2006, we surveyed 16 hospitals by telephone about different aspects of their antithyroid drug regimen: all eight academic centres and eight nonacademic teaching hospitals. The literature was searched for an evidence-based answer to each question in the inquiry. 13 of 16 hospitals (81%) use antithyroid drugs for pretreatment before 131I. ATDs are discontinued on average four days before 131I or diagnostic scan. However, 27% stop only three days beforehand, which may diminish the effect of 131I. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is also withdrawn four days before 131I, although the literature shows that PTU diminishes the effect of 131I even if it is stopped 15 days beforehand. Resumption of ATDs after 131I to prevent thyrotoxicosis is common practice (81%). One hospital (6%) never restarts ATDs, two (13%) only by indication. Adjunctive treatment consists of combination therapy in 93%, is usually resumed within two days after 131I therapy, and then continued for two to six months. Routine adjunctive treatment is not evidence-based and may be limited to a high-risk subset, especially elderly patients (>70 years) and patients with cardiac comorbidity. Resumption of ATDs within five to seven days after 131I may diminish the effect of 131I. Antithyroid drug regimens in the Netherlands are heterogeneous. The evidence base of current practice and the new guideline are discussed.

Mjerenje retencije J-131 s ciljem optimalizacije radioablacijske doze

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huic, D.

1995-01-01

The aim of our study was to establish a dosimetric approach for determination of ablation or therapeutic I-131 activity for every single patient after thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. The retention of 74 MBq of I-131 diagnostic activity was measured by whole body counter and by urine assay in 38 patients. Also, the absorbed dose was estimated for thyroid remnant. Retention in the body and thyroid remnant tissue 72 hours after administration of diagnostic activity was compared with retention measured 72 hours after administration of 4.4 GBq of ablation activity. The average effective half-life of retention, measured by whole-body counter was 15.4 (s.d. 4) and 39.2 (s.d. 44) hours for whole body and thyroid remnant respectively. The average absorbed dose in thyroid remnant was 2.7 (s.d. 2.2) Gy. The retention values measured by urine assay were higher because of the method impreciseness. The correlation coefficient between two methods was 0.673. Patients with and without thyroid tissue remnant were not significantly discriminated by effective half-life of iodine retention. The retention of ablation activity in thyroid remnant 72 hours after administration was markedly reduced than expected, and it was only 36 (s.d. 32) % of those predicted by diagnostic study. Marked uptake reduction was observed in patients with higher absorbed diagnostic dose, in patients with longer interval between operation and diagnostic study, and in patients who had received ablation activity no longer than seven days after diagnostic study. Such results make doubts about precise determination of ablation activity upon dosimetry of diagnostic activity. Regarding our results, first diagnostic study after operation should be performed by as low as possible diagnostic activity because of possible 'stunned' thyroid tissue, and application of ablation dose should be prolonged as long as possible to allow thyroid tissue function recovery. (author). 3 figs., 12 tabs., 80 refs

Calibration of the Accuscan II In Vivo System for I-131 Thyroid Counting

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Orval R. Perry; David L. Georgeson

2011-07-01

This report describes the March 2011 calibration of the Accuscan II HpGe In Vivo system for I-131 thyroid counting. The source used for the calibration was an Analytics mixed gamma source 82834-121 distributed in an epoxy matrix in a Wheaton Liquid Scintillation Vial with energies from 88.0 keV to 1836.1 keV. The center of the detectors was position 64-feet from the vault floor. This position places the approximate center line of the detectors at the center line of the source in the thyroid tube. The calibration was performed using an RMC II phantom (Appendix J). Validation testing was performed using a Ba-133 source and an ANSI N44.3 Phantom (Appendix I). This report includes an overview introduction and records for the energy/FWHM and efficiency calibrations including verification counting. The Accuscan II system was successfully calibrated for counting the thyroid for I-131 and verified in accordance with ANSI/HPS N13.30-1996 criteria.

Diagnostic evaluation of the adrenal scanning using 131I-adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugawara, Seiya; Nakamura, Mamoru; Sawai, Yoshikazu; Fukuchi, Soitsu.

1978-01-01

We have performed adrenal scanning in the 30 patients with suspected adrenal disorders eight days after the intravenous administration of about 500 μCi of 131 I-adosterol (NCL-6- 131 I), using 5 inch crystal rectilinear scintiscanner. Successful image of the adrenals was obtained in all the patients. In the 30 patients, 27 were proved to have adrenal disorders by surgical and hormonal findings. In 13 patients with primary aldosteronism, the side of adrenal adenoma was diagnosed correctly in all the cases by adrenal scanning. We could detected a small aldosterone-producing adenoma which measured 11 x 8 x 6 mm in size. In two patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, asymmetrical radio-uptake between the two adrenals was seen on the standard scanning, and it was difficult to differentiate between tumor or hyperplasia. Dexamethazone-modified suppression scanning was very effective in lateralizing adenomas in the patients with primary aldosteronism. Two patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia showed prominent and almost equal radioactivity of both the adrenal glands. Adrenal adenomas in 8 patients with Cushing's syndrome were definitely visualized on adrenal scanning, with no uptake in the contralateral sides. In one patient with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal carcinoma, adrenal scanning showed significant activity in the area of the carcinoma, and no uptake on the opposite side. In one patient with adrenogenital syndrome due to a virilizing adenoma with focal malignancy, adrenal scanning showed high radioactivity in the region of the tumor, and moderate activity on the opposite side. Also in the case of adrenal carcinoma, we appreciated diagnostic value of the adrenal scanning utilizing 131 I-adosterol. (author)

Analysis of factors for early hypothyroidism after 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Youjun; Quan Xinsheng; Zhang Ling; He Meiqiong

2008-01-01

To explore the factors for the early hypothyroidism following 131 I treatment of hyperthyroidism, clinic data of 120 hyperthyroidism patients including 8 independent and 1 dependent variables after one year 131 I treatment were analyzed by logistic regression analysis method. The results showed that the average 131 I dosage given to one gram thyroid tissue was correlated positively with early hypothyroidism occurrence, and the weight of thyroid was negatively correlated to early hypothyroidism occurrence. The positive and negative prediction accuracy of the early hypothyroidism were 53.3% and 96.1% respectively, and the total prediction accuracy was 46.7%. The results suggest that the 131 I dosage and the weight of thyroid are key factors for early hypothyroidism; the appropriate adjustment of 131 I dosage based on the thyroid mass could prevent the early hypothyroidism occurrence in certain degree. (authors)

Sequelae and survivorship in patients treated with (131)I-MIBG therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Sze, W C C; Grossman, A B; Goddard, I; Amendra, D; Shieh, S C C; Plowman, P N; Drake, W M; Akker, S A; Druce, M R

2013-08-06

(131)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) has been in therapeutic use since 1980s. Newer treatment modalities are emerging for neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and chromaffin cell tumours (CCTs), but many of these do not yet have adequate long-term follow-up to determine their longer term efficacy and sequelae. Fifty-eight patients with metastatic NETs and CCTs who had received (131)I-MIBG therapy between 2000 and 2011 were analysed. Survival and any long-term haematological or renal sequelae were investigated. In the NET group, the overall median survival and median survival following the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 124 months. The median survival following the commencement of (131)I-MIBG was 66 months. For the CCT group, median survival had not been reached. The 5-year survival from diagnosis and following the diagnosis of metastatic disease was 67% and 67.5% for NETs and CCTs, respectively. The 5-year survival following the commencement of (131)I-MIBG therapy was 68%. Thirty-two patients had long-term haematological sequelae: 5 of these 32 patients developed haematological malignancies. Two patients developed a mild deterioration in renal function. Long follow up of (131)I-MIBG therapy reveals a noteable rate of bone marrow toxicities and malignancy and long term review of all patients receiving radionuclide therapies is recommended.

Values of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging after first-time large-dose (131)I therapy in treating differentiated thyroid cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Xiaomei; Duan, Dong; Zhu, Yuquan; Pang, Hua; Guan, Lili; Lv, Zhixiang

2016-01-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging for evaluating the treatment response of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after the first administration of a high dose of (131)I. Patients with DTC who received (131)I therapy underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging after successive increases in the therapeutic dose of (131)I, and the serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. A total of 191 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 65 metastases and/or thyroid remnant-positive patients (22 patients with metastases and 43 patients with thyroid remnants). The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging for detecting positive cases and thyroid remnants was 56.9% and 39.5%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of (131)I imaging (92.3% and 100%, respectively, PTc-MIBI imaging for detecting metastases was 90.9%, which was slightly higher than that of (131)I imaging (77.3%, P>0.05). The Tg levels in the positive group were significantly higher than that in the negative group (PTc-MIBI(+)/(131)I(-) group were significantly higher than that in the (131)I(+)/(99m)Tc-MIBI group (PTc-MIBI imaging was able to detect the existence of metastatic lesions in patients with DTC better, its assessment for the removal efficiency of thyroid remnants was unsatisfactory. The results of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging showed good correlations with the Tg level.

{sup 131}I-induced changes in rat thyroid gland function

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Torlak, V.; Capkun, V.; Stanicic, A. [Clinical Hospital Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Zemunik, T. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Medical Biology]. E-mail: tzemunik@bsb.mefst.hr; Modun, D. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Pharmacology; Pesutic-Pisac, V. [Clinical Hospital Split, Split (Croatia). Dept. of Pathology; Markotic, A. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). School of Medicine. Dept. of Biochemistry; Pavela-Vrancic, M. [University of Split, Split (Croatia). Faculty of Natural Sciences. Dept. of Chemistry

2007-08-15

Therapeutic doses of {sup 131}I administered to thyrotoxic patients may cause thyroid failure. The present study used a rat model to determine thyroid function after the administration of different doses of {sup 131}I (64-277 {mu}Ci). Thirty male Fisher rats in the experimental group and 30 in the control group (untreated) were followed for 6 months. The animals were 4 months old at the beginning of the experiment and were sacrificed at an age of 9 months. Hormone concentration was determined before {sup 131}I administration (4-month-old animals) and three times following {sup 131}I administration, when the animals were 7, 8, and 9 months old. The thyroid glands were removed and weighed, their volume was determined and histopathological examination was performed at the end of the experiment. Significant differences in serum triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration, measured at the age of 7, 8, and 9 months, were found in the experimental group. During aging of the animals, the concentration of thyroxin fell from 64.8 {+-} 8.16 to 55.0 {+-} 6.1 nM in the control group and from 69.4 {+-} 6.9 to 25.4 {+-} 3.2 nM in the experimental group. Thyroid gland volume and weight were significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group. Thyroid glands from the experimental group showed hyaline thickness of the blood vessel wall, necrotic follicles, a strong inflammatory reaction, and peeling of necrotic cells in the follicles. In conclusion, significant differences in hormone levels and histopathological findings indicated prolonged hypothyroidism after {sup 131}I administration to rats, which was not {sup 131}I dose dependent. (author)

The hepatic handling of 131I-labeled sulfobromophtalein in the dog. Comparison with sulfobromophthalein

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glasinovic, J.C.; Delage, Y.; Erlinger, S.

1976-01-01

131 I-labeled BSP is obtained by the incorporation of one molecule of radioactive iodine in BSP. The influence of the added iodine on the hepatic extraction and biliary excretion of BSP was studied. Two types of experiments were performed. In the first, a compartmental analysis of BSP and 131 I-labeled BSP disappearance curves was performed after the simultaneous injection of 5mg per kg of BSP and 10μCi of 131 I-labeled BSP: both, the plasma to liver and liver to bile transfer rates were significantly lower for 131 I-labelled BSP than for BSP; the liver to plasma transfer rates were not significantly different. In the second series of experiments, the hepatic uptake of BSP and 131 I-labeled BSP was estimated by the multiple indicator dilution technique: the extraction of BSP (59%+-SD 5) was significantly higher that than of 131 I-labeled BSP (35%+-SD5) (P 131 I significantly modified the hepatic handling of the dye; 131 I-labeled BSP cannot therefore be used as a tracer of BSP

Chemical and physical quality control of the HIPPURAN-131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morin Zorilla, J.; Olive, E.; Isaac, M.; Cruz, J.

1989-01-01

Some physico-chemical methods for analytical control of Hippuran- 131 I are compared. The most convenient to applicate in hospitals and in more specialized quality control laboratories are recommended. The quality of Hippuran- 131 I produced by ISOTOP (USSR) is also evaluated. The product met the requirement of the International Pharmacopeia

Dosimetry study of [I-131] and [I-125]- meta-iodobenz guanidine in a simulating model for neuroblastoma metastasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Roa, W H; Yaremko, B; McEwan, A; Amanie, J; Yee, D; Cho, J; McQuarrie, S; Riauka, T; Sloboda, R; Wiebe, L; Loebenberg, R; Janicki, C

2013-02-01

The physical properties of I-131 may be suboptimal for the delivery of therapeutic radiation to bone marrow metastases, which are common in the natural history of neuroblastoma. In vitro and preliminary clinical studies have implied improved efficacy of I-125 relative to I-131 in certain clinical situations, although areas of uncertainty remain regarding intratumoral dosimetry. This prompted our study using human neuroblastoma multicellular spheroids as a model of metastasis. 3D dose calculations were made using voxel-based Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry (MIRD) and dose-point-kernel (DPK) techniques. Dose distributions for I-131 and I-125 labeled mIBG were calculated for spheroids (metastases) of various sizes from 0.01 cm to 3 cm diameter, and the relative dose delivered to the tumors was compared for the same limiting dose to the bone marrow. Based on the same data, arguments were advanced based upon the principles of tumor control probability (TCP) to emphasize the potential theoretical utility of I-125 over I-131 in specific clinical situations. I-125-mIBG can deliver a higher and more uniform dose to tumors compared to I-131 mIBG without increasing the dose to the bone marrow. Depending on the tumor size and biological half-life, the relative dose to tumors of less than 1 mm diameter can increase several-fold. TCP calculations indicate that tumor control increases with increasing administered activity, and that I-125 is more effective than I-131 for tumor diameters of 0.01 cm or less. This study suggests that I-125-mIBG is dosimetrically superior to I-131-mIBG therapy for small bone marrow metastases from neuroblastoma. It is logical to consider adding I-125-mIBG to I-131-mIBG in multi-modality therapy as these two isotopes could be complementary in terms of their cumulative dosimetry.

{sup 123}I and {sup 13I} purification for biomolecules labelling; Purificacao de {sup 123}I e {sup 131}I para marcacao de biomoleculas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Catanoso, Marcela Forli

2011-07-01

The {sup 123}I and {sup 131}I are iodine radioisotopes widely used in Nuclear Medicine. The radioisotope {sup 123}I is used in diagnosis through the SPECT technique and is routinely produced at IPEN in cyclotron through the reaction: '1{sup 24}Xe (p, 2n) '1{sup 23}Cs -> {sup 123}Xe -> {sup 123}I. The radioisotope {sup 131}I is used both in diagnosis and therapy due to its physical characteristics of decay by {beta}{sup -} and its {gamma}-ray emissions that are softened with the use of specific collimators for diagnosis. It is routinely produced at IPEN using the nuclear reactor through the indirect reaction: {sup 130}Te (n, {gamma}) ->{sup 131}Te -> {sup 131}I, irradiating compounds containing Te. The radiopharmaceuticals prepared with these radioisotopes go through rigorous quality control tests and the chemical purity of the primary radioisotopes {sup 123}I and {sup 131}I are within the permissible limits currently defined. However, the presence of some chemical contaminants can prejudice the biomolecules labeling (monoclonal antibodies and peptides), that will produce radiopharmaceuticals of first generation to the oncology area. The aim of this work was to obtain a new purification method of these radioisotopes, allowing the labeling of biomolecules and also to established a process control on those radioisotopes. The methodology was separated on 3 steps: Evaluation of '1{sup 23}I e {sup 131}I radionuclidic purity using a hyper pure germanium detector, chemical purity using ICP-OES and the retention and elution study of {sup 131}I in several absorbers to choose the most appropriate for the purification tests analyzing the behavior of the possible contaminants. The radionuclidic analyses showed the presence of Te and Co on {sup 131}I samples and Te, Tc e Co on {sup 123}I samples. The chemical purity analyses showed the presence of Al and Mo in {sup 123}I, coming from the window material of the target holder and the presence of Al and Te in {sup

Evaluation of {sup 131}I retention in several adsorbers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Catanoso, Marcela F.; Osso Junior, Joao Alberto, E-mail: marcela.forli@gmail.co, E-mail: jaosso@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil). Diretoria de Radiofarmacia

2011-07-01

Several iodine radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine for treatment and diagnostic purposes. The radioisotope {sup 131}I is used both in diagnosis and therapy due to its physical characteristics of decay by {beta}{sup -} and its {gamma}-ray emissions suitable for diagnosis. It is routinely produced at IPEN through the irradiation of TeO{sub 2} targets in the IEA-R1m nuclear reactor. After the irradiation, the {sup 131}I is separated by dry distillation, where the targets are put in an oven, heated at 760 deg C for 2 hours and the {sup 131}I, volatile, is carried by an O{sub 2} gas stream. The aim of this work was to evaluate the retention and elution of {sup 131}I samples produced at IPEN in several adsorbers as part of a project aiming the purification of these radioisotopes, allowing the labeling of biomolecules. Samples of {sup 131}I were used for retention and elution studies with the following adsorbers: commercial cartridges, anionic resin columns and cationic resin column. The results showed that Ag cartridges and anionic resins Dowex 1X8, Dowex 3 and IRA 400 had a great iodine retention but no elution after using specific eluents. The QMA light, acid alumina, neutral alumina and cationic resin Dowex 50WX4 showed high retention and elution and QMA plus and cationic resin Dowex 50WX8 and Dowex 50WX12 had a good retention but lower elution. Regarding to the better retention and elution, Ag cartridges and resins showed a higher percentage of iodine retention but lower elution yield and QMA light, acid and neutral alumina cartridges showed better results. (author)

An Excel-Based System to Manage Radiation Safety for the Family of Patients Undergoing 131I Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Steward, Palmer G

2017-06-01

The purpose of this study was to develop spreadsheet workbooks that assist in the radiation safety counseling of 131 I therapy patients and their families, providing individualized guidelines that avoid imposing overly conservative restrictions on family members and others. Methods: The mathematic model included biphasic patient radionuclide retention. The extrathyroidal component was a cylindric volume with a diameter corresponding to the patient's size and included patient self-absorption, whereas the thyroidal component was a point source whose transmission was reduced by self-absorption. A separate model in which the thyroid, extrathyroid, and bladder compartments fed serially from one to the next was developed to depict the radionuclide levels within the patient and to estimate the activity entering the environment at each urination. Results: The system was organized into a set of 4 workbooks: the first to be used with ablation patients prepared using thyrogen, the second with ablation patients prepared by deprivation, the third with hyperthyroid patients, and the fourth with the unusual hyperthyroid patient who finds the restrictions to be oppressive and returns 5-10 d after administration for a measurement and reassessment. The workbooks evaluated the radiation field strength external to the patient and indicated restrictions based on selected dose limits. To assist physicians in suggesting contamination precautions, the workbooks also evaluated the radioactivity present within the patient and the estimated discharge into the environment as a function of time. Conclusion: The workbooks that were developed assist the radiation safety counselor in individualizing radiation protection procedures for the family of patients undergoing 131 I therapy. The workbook system avoids overly conservative assumptions while permitting selection of appropriate dose limits for each individual. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Occurrence of hypothyroidism after treatment of Basedow's diseases with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torizuka, Kanji; Mori, Toru; Konishi, Junji; Ikekubo, Katsuji; Morita, Rikushi

1975-01-01

Description was made as to the present condition of occurrence of hypothyroidism after treatment of Basedow's disease with 131 I. It was showed that hypothyroidism was not necessarily based on numerical over-dose of 131 I, there were early stage hypothyroidism due to 131 I sensitivity of an individual and delayed hypothyroidism due to irreversible and progressive disorder of the thyroid gland, and examination of inflammatory findings before treatment and reduction of first administered dose of 131 I were effective in prevention of early stage hypothyroidism. At present, the origin of delayed hypothyroidism is not clarified and thus there is not adequate prevention method. It was suggested that it was duty of the person in charge of treatment to observe and guide treated case by careful remote-investigation and to continue efforts in prevention of hypothyroidism hereafter. (M. Tsunoda)

Calibration of filters for detection of airborne I-131 in the environment of nuclear power plant; Kalibracija filtrov za detekcijo I-131 v zraku okolja jedrske elektrarne

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zupan, M; Miklavzic, U; Pucelj, B [Institut Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana (Yugoslavia)

1982-07-01

A simple and clean method for efficiency calibration of filters for collection of airborne I and corresponding Ge(Li) spectrometer is described. As the calibrated source of gaseous I-131 the radiopharmaceutical water solution of NaI is used. As calibration example the absolute activity distribution of I-131 measured in a charcoal filter is shown. (author)

Therapeutic Effect of 131I for 230 Patients with Hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Yujie; Zhang Chengxi; Hu Jiqing; Guo Sihui; Yuan Hui; Li Jing

2009-01-01

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of 131 I in treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism and analysis the factors that influence the effect, 230 cases of hyperthyroidism were treated with 131 I, and were followed-up at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 months and even longer time after 131 I radiotherapy. The serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH were detected in all cases. The results showed that 181 patients were cured (78.6%), 22 patients were improved (9.5%), 23 cases developed early hypothyroidism(10.0%),and 4 cases developed later hypothyroidism. 12 cases in 27 patients with hypothyroidism treated with thyroxin were recovered, but the other 15 cases need to be given permanent treatment. The factors which influence 131 I radiotherapeutic effect include the patient age, course of disease,application of ATD, size and quality of thyroid, and the level of thyroid hormone. The patients should be followed up to prevent occurrence of hypothyroidism. The early hypothyroidism should be treated in order to decrease the permanent hypothyroidism rate. (authors)

Preliminary clinical experience of pulmonary scintigraphy using 131I-HIPDM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian Jiahe

1992-01-01

The metabolic imaging of lungs using 131 I-HIPDM, a tracer known to bind to the amino-receptor in pancreas and lungs, was carried out on 44 subjects. In the normal non-smoker group (n = 8), the tracer was found to be uniformly distributed throughout the lung, with slow clearance in bi-exponential mode after peak of concentration in about 30 sec; while in the normal smoker (n = 8), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of both smoker (n = 7) and non-smoker (n = 12), and patients with asthma (n = 5), the distribution as well as the parameters of clearance of 131 I-HIPDM were significantly different. In conclusion: (1) 131 I-HEPDM could reveal some characteristics of pulmonary metabolism of amine in various physiological as well as pathological status; (2) the washout of the tracer from lung was correlated with clinical ventilation functions; (3) smoking is one of the determinant factors of lung metabolic function; (4) the pulmonary metabolic imaging using 131 I-HIPDM was of value in detecting lung disease, especially the functional damages caused by various factors

How I do it-optimizing radiofrequency ablation in spinal metastases using iCT and navigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kavakebi, Pujan; Freyschlag, C F; Thomé, C

2017-10-01

Exact positioning of the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) probe for tumor treatment under fluoroscopic guidance can be difficult because of potentially small inaccessible lesions and the radiation dose to the medical staff in RFA. In addition, vertebroplasty (VP) can be significantly high. Description and workflow of RFA in spinal metastasis using iCT (intraoperative computed tomography) and 3D-navigation-based probe placement followed by VP. RFA and VP can be successfully combined with iCT-based navigation, which leads to a reduction of radiation to the staff and optimal probe positioning due to 3D navigation.

Antithyroid drugs and 131I treatment of Graves' disease: an efficacy relationship analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang Yi; Liu Jianfeng; Zhang Xiuli; Xiao Shuping; Zhang Youren

2004-01-01

Objective: To investigate the influence of taking antithyroid drugs (ATD) or stopping therapy with ATD for a variable periods of time before 131 I treatment on efficacy of 131 I treatment. Methods: A total of 99 patients with Graves' disease were divided into two groups on the basis of taking antithyroid drugs (ATD) or not (the patients who had undergone operation for Graves' disease or had received 131 I therapy were excluded). The patients who had taken ATD were separated into four groups, 2 W, ∼4 W, ∼8 W, >8 W before 131 I treatment, to assess the influence on the cure rate after the 131 I treatment. Results: The cure rate of hyperthyroidism after 131 I treatment in patients not taking and taking ATD before 131 I treatment was 89.5% and 57.5%, respectively. The difference between two groups was significant. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the variable parameters (P=0.00863). The patients who had taken ATD and discontinued had no difference in the cure rate, although the duration of discontinuance of ATD was different (P=0.627). Conclusions: The cure rate will be reduced when ATD is used as initial therapy for Graves' disease even if ATD is discontinued for some period of time before the treatment. With regard to those patients having used ATD before the treatment, the cure rate of 131 I is not raised with prolonging ATD withdrawal

Protection against {sup 131}I-induced Double Strand DNA Breaks in Thyroid Cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hershman, J.M.; Okunyan, A.; Cannon, S.; Hogen, V. [Endocrinology, UCLA-VA, Los Angeles (United States); Rivina, Y. [Radiation Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles (United States)

2012-07-01

Radioiodine-131 (I{sup 131}) released from nuclear reactor accidents has dramatically increased the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer in exposed individuals, especially young children. The accepted measure for prevention of radiation-induced thyroid cancer is potassium iodide tablets that contain 100 mg iodide taken daily to block thyroid uptake of I{sup 131}. The deposition of ionizing radiation in cells results in double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) at fragile sites, and this early event can generate oncogenic rearrangements that eventually cause the cancer. We have developed a thyroid cell model to quantify the mitogenic effect of I{sup 131}. I{sup 131} causes double strand DNA breaks in FRTL-5 cells detected by 53BP1 or gamma H2AX and had no effect on cells that do not transport iodide. Perchlorate, iodide, and thiocyanate protect against DSB induced by I{sup 131}. Preincubation with the anion or radioprotective compounds prevents DSB; delayed addition of the anion is much less effective. These data provide a basis for studies of radioprotection against DSB induced by I{sup 131} in animals in order to refine the prevention of thyroid cancer resulting from nuclear fallout

No evidence of chromosome damage in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after receiving {sup 131}I radiometabolic therapy, as evaluated by micronucleus assay and microarray analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Federico, Giovanni; Fiore, Lisa; Massart, Francesco; Saggese, Giuseppe [Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Pisa (Italy); Boni, Giuseppe; Lazzeri, Patrizia; Mariani, Giuliano [Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Pisa (Italy); Fabiani, Barbara; Verola, Carmela; Scarpato, Roberto [University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Unit of Genetics, Mutagenesis and Environmental Epidemiology, Pisa (Italy); Traino, Claudio [Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Health Physics Service, Pisa (Italy)

2008-11-15

As {sup 131}I therapy, used to achieve ablation of thyroid gland remnant, can cause chromosome damage in cultured peripheral lymphocytes especially, we investigated whether administration of radioiodine may induce early genome damage in peripheral T lymphocytes of adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). We studied 11 patients, aged 14.8 {+-} 3.1 years, who assumed {sup 131}I (range: 1.11-4.44 GBq) to ablate thyroid remnant. A blood sample for micronucleus assay and for evaluating expression of some genes involved in the DNA repair or the apoptosis pathways was obtained from each patient 1 h before (T{sub 0}) and 24 (T{sub 1}) and 48 h (T{sub 2}) post-radioiodine administration. Compared to T{sub 0}, we did not find any difference in the number of micronucleated cells at both T{sub 1} and T{sub 2} in any subject. Nine out of 11 patients had altered expression levels in a majority of the DNA repair and apoptosis genes at T{sub 1}, which decreased at T{sub 2}. We demonstrated for the first time that peripheral cells of DTC children and adolescents who received {sup 131}I at a mean dosage of 3.50 {+-} 0.37 GBq did not show chromosome damage within 48 h from the end of radiometabolic therapy. This may be due to a prompt activation of the cell machinery that maintains the integrity of the genome to prevent harmful double-strand breaks from progressing to chromosome mutations, either by repairing the lesions or by eliminating the most seriously damaged cells via apoptosis. (orig.)

Reduction of 131I content in leafy vegetables and seaweed by cooking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hisamatsu, Shun-ichi; Takizawa, Yukio; Abe, Touru

1987-01-01

Decontamination ratios of 131 I were obtained from leafy vegetables samples and an edible seaweed sample (Papenfussiella kuromo) after cooking. Samples obtained in Akita City were contaminated with fallout 131 I from the Soviet Chernobyl reactor accident. The decontamination ratio of 131 I content in washed spinach samples to that in raw materials was 0.83 ± 0.21. The ratio of 131 I content in leafy vegetables and edible wild grass samples boiled in water to that in washed samples was 0.51 ± 0.19 on an average. The overall decontamination ratio for leafy vegetables was 0.42 ± 0.19, while the decontamination ratio after cooking was 0.68 for the seaweed sample. (author)

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugiyama, Hiroyuki; Shimada, Hideto; Senzaki, Shigeki; Takahashi, Takayuki; Horiuchi, Tetsuo; Hoshino, Takashi

1982-01-01

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years after 131 I therapy for hyperthyroidism is described. The patient, a man, was diagnosed as Hashitoxicosis in 1971 when ha was 62 years old, and was treated with 8 mCi of 131 I followed by antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, without significant effect. In May 1979, he returned with complaints of malaise and loss of weight. Hematological examinations revealed pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia with marked increase in myeloblasts, which suggested he was in a state of hypoplastic leukemia. Two months later, however, he developed an overt type of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy was given without success to induce complete remission, and the patient died of pneumonia in November, 1979. (J.P.N.)

Case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years following /sup 131/I therapy for hyperthyroidism

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugiyama, H.; Shimada, H.; Senzaki, S.; Takahashi, T.; Horiuchi, T.; Hoshino, T. (Kyoto Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Medicine)

1982-03-01

A case of acute myelogenous leukemia occurring 8 years after /sup 131/I therapy for hyperthyroidism is described. The patient, a man, was diagnosed as Hashitoxicosis in 1971 when ha was 62 years old, and was treated with 8 mCi of /sup 131/I followed by antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, without significant effect. In May 1979, he returned with complaints of malaise and loss of weight. Hematological examinations revealed pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia with marked increase in myeloblasts, which suggested he was in a state of hypoplastic leukemia. Two months later, however, he developed an overt type of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy was given without success to induce complete remission, and the patient died of pneumonia in November, 1979.

Feasibility of in vivo thyroid {sup 131}I monitoring with an imaging plate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirota, Masahiro; Saze, Takuya; Ogata, Yoshimune; Nishizawa, Kunihide E-mail: nishizawa@nucc.cc.nagoya-u.ac.jp

2001-10-01

A new in vivo thyroid {sup 131}I monitoring method was devised by using an imaging plate (IP). A thyroid image obtained with a realistic neck-thyroid phantom showed a unique shape characteristic of the thyroid gland. A {sup 131}I thyroid imaging allows visual confirmation of thyroid accumulation of {sup 131}I. The detection limit of the IP system of 290 Bq was about ((1)/(100)) of the screening level of 30 kBq in cases of public emergencies. The IP system is applicable for thyroid {sup 131}I monitoring.

131I concentrations in air, milk and antelope thyroids in southeastern Idaho

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markham, O.D.; Halford, D.K.; Bihl, D.E.

1980-01-01

Iodine-131 concentrations were determined in air, milk, and antelope (Antilocapra americana) thyroids from southeastern Idaho during 1972-77. Samples were collected in the vicinity of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site which has 17 operating nuclear reactors, a fuel reprocessing plant, and a nuclear waste management facility. Samples were also collected from control areas. During the study, fallout occurred from five People's Republic of China above-ground nuclear weapon detonations. All 131 I detected in air and milk samples was attributed to fallout from the Chinese nuclear tests. 131 I was detected in low-volume air samples following only one of the five detonations while 131 I was detected in milk following four of the detonations. 131 I occurred in antelope thyroids during all five of the fallout periods and following at least one atmospheric release from facilities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory Site. Thyroids were the most sensitive indicators of 131 I in the environment followed by milk and then air. Maximum concentrations in thyroids, milk, and air were 400, 20 and 4 times higher respectively than their respective detection limits. (author)

Pharmacokinetics of gene recombined angiogenesis inhibitor Kringle 5 in vivo using 131I specific markers and SPECT/CT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ge Yan

2016-10-01

in the bladder. The radionuclide was completely metabolized within 24 h, and the distribution of radioactivity in rats was similar to normal levels. In our study, the specific marker 131I-Kringle 5 and SPECT/CT were successfully used to explore pharmacokinetic characteristics of Kringle 5 in rats. The study could provide a new evaluation platform of the specific, in vivo and real-time functional imaging and pharmacokinetics for the clinical application of 131I-Kringle 5.

Synthesis and labelling of 19-iodocholesterol 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamada, E.S.

1979-01-01

Considering the increasing interest in obtaining agents for vizualization of the adrenal gland with radioisotopic techniques, 19-iodocholesterol was prepared by means of chemical synthesis and radioiodine ( 131 I) introduced by isotopic exchange reaction. The reaction product was identified by determination of the melting point and elementary spectroscopic analysis (infra-red absorption and magnetic nuclear ressonance). Radiochemical analysis of the labelled compound was performed by means of then-layer cromatography in silica-gel. In order to confirm its capacity of concentration in the adrenal gland, the distribution of 19-iodocholesterol 131 I, after intravenous injection, was tested in rats. (Author) [pt

I-123(131)-metyrapone for imaging of the adrenal cortex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zolle, I.; Bergmann, H.; Hoefer, R.; Robien, W.

1982-01-01

Attempts to label metyrapone with radioiodine resulted in the synthesis of 4'-bromometyrapone that is labelled with I-123(131) by halogen exchange before use. The synthesis of I-123(131)-metyrapone involves 4 intermediate compounds. 4'-bromometyrapone serves as a precursor with indefinite shelf-life that is labelled selectively in the 4'-position of ring B. Studies of the biodistribution of I-131-metyrapone indicate the highest concentration in the adrenal gland 10-20 min after injection, peak uptake in the normal adrenal corresponds to 0.2% of the administered dose. In hyperfunctioning adrenals the uptake is higher. In a patient with bilateral modular hyperplasia, 0.8% of the injected radioactivity were measured in the enlarged adrenals at 2 resp. 2.8 hrs after injection of I-123-metyrapone. We have performed the first adrenal scintigram on the same patient with 1.25 mCi of I-123-metyrapone. (Author)

Determination of {sup 131}I and thorium in urine; Determinacao de iodo-131 e torio em urina

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomida, Rute Miwa

1978-07-01

Methods for the determination of {sup 131}I and Thorium in urine have been developed taking into account the monitoring needs for people who handle with these radioisotopes. The method for determining {sup 131}I is based in the use of silver chloride to separate iodine by precipitation from the sample; the detection was carried out in a Nal (Tl) well type scintillator connected to a single channel analyser. This method has the following advantages; it is easy and relatively fast as well as selective, showing a separation yield higher than 80%. Thorium in urine was determined by colorimetry after the mineralization of the sample using nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, and then oxygen peroxide. The chromophore reagent used was Thoron (disodium salt of 2-(2-hydroxy-3,6-disulfo-l-naphthylazo) benzenearsonic acid).The absorbance was measured in a spectro colorimeter at a fixed wavelength (530 nm). The method proved to be simple allowing a separation yield of about 80%. The most representative sample for a monitoring program in a {sup 131}I production laboratory has been established. The {sup 131}I concentration in urine of individuals with chronic contamination have also been measured; an interpretation of these results is discussed. (author)

Internal Contamination by 131I in nuclear medicine department

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chahed, N.; Mtimet, S.; Hammami, H.; Mhiri, A.

1998-01-01

Therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine use high activities of 131 I in sodium iodine liquid from which is volatile at ambient temperature. Besides external exposure there is, for the nuclear medicine personnel, an internal exposure risk induced by 131 iodine inhalation. So we tried to assess this risk among the personnel in a nuclear medicine department. We used direct method for measuring 131 radioactivity in vivo by external counting. Gamma ray detector with a Nal ( TI ) probe positioned near the thyroid gland allows investigation of 131 radioactivity. We realised 34 measurements among the personnel, two times at an interval of one month. The results indicate that an 131 iodine internal contamination is found. Estimated thyroid activities were ranging from 35 to 132 Bq. The highest activities has been found in the thyroid of the technicians involved in the administration of 131 iodine therapy. Therefore this values are lower than norms. This study must lead to the implementation control of the 131 iodine internal contamination in order to optimise the personnel protection in nuclear medicine departments (author)

The Relative Frequency of Persistent Hyperthyroidism After I131Therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al-EID, M.A.

1998-01-01

517 patients with different types of hyperthyroidism who had treated by I 131 therapy were studied. The study demonstrated that diffuse toxic goiter was the most common type of hyperthyroidism. The relative frequency of persistent hyperthyroidism in all types after the first dose of I 131 utilizing our empirical regimen in estimation of therapy doses was low (9.5%). While high frequency of persistent hyperthyroidism among diffuse toxic goiter patients (14%), probably was due to many factors discussed in this paper. Some of these factors are impossible to be estimated precisely and therefore, can not be avoided. But careful dose estimation for each case with diffuse toxic goiter may reduce the rate of retreatment by I 131 . Antithyroid medication prior to I 131 therapy might be another factor resulted in increasing of retreatment of retreatment rate diffuse toxic goiter cases. Longer time interval (more than 5 days) of ceasing antithyroid medication prior therapy is suggested to avoid the effects of these drugs. Patients with other types of hyperthyroidism were not frequently required more than one dose and the frequency of persistent hyperthyroidism was almost negligible

Experimental radioimmunotherapy with I-131-antibody against a differentiation antigen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badger, C.C.; Krohn, K.A.; Bernstein, I.D.

1985-01-01

The authors have previously shown that I-131-labeled antibodies (Ab) against the Thyl.l antigen can care AKR/Cu (Thyl.2+) mice bearing the AKR/J (Thy 1l.1+) SL2 T-cell lymphoma. The authors have now extended these studies to therapy with I-131-anti-Thyl.1 of SL2 lymphoma in AKR/J mice where Ab reacts with both tumor and normal cells. A 25 μg bolus was rapidly cleared from serum by binding to spleen cells (75% with Tl/2 <60 min.) and only low concentrations of Ab(<2% ID/gm) were present in tumor after infusion. Therapy of AKR/J mice bearing established s.c. lymphoma nodules with 1500 μCi I-131-anti-Thyl.1 resulted in complete regression of the nodule in 6/6 animals although tumor eventually regrew and all animals died of metastatic lymphoma. In contrast, I-131-irrelevant Ab given to produce the same amount of whole body radiation (750 μCi) did not affect tumor growth. These studies suggest that radiolabeled-AB against differentiation antigens may be useful for therapy in spite of binding to normal cell populations

Standard dose 131I therapy for toxic multinodular goiter in an endemic goiter region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goncalves, E.; Castro, J.A.S.; Gross, J.L.

1986-01-01

The effect of the standard 15 mCi dose of 131 I on the thyroid function of 25 patients from an endemic goiter region with toxic multinodular goiter of different sizes was determined. The patients were followed for 1 to 5 years and 7 months (mean: 2 years and 10 months). Eighteen patients were treated with the antithyroid drugs propylthiouracil or methimazole before 131 I and seven only received 131 I. All but three patients achieved euthyroidism after a single dose of 131 I. Two patients in the antithyroid treatment group became hypothyroid 2 months and 2 years after the isotope therapy, respectively. Pretreatment with antithyroid drugs did not significantly modify the effectiveness of 131 I treatment. This simplified dose regimen of 131 I was effective in the treatment of hyperthyroidism caused by multinodular goiter in an endemic region, and the efficacy was independent of the size of the goiter. (author)

Excretion and toxicity evaluation of 131I-Sennoside A as a necrosis-avid agent.

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Zhiqi; Sun, Lidan; Jin, Qiaomei; Song, Shaoli; Feng, Yuanbo; Liao, Hong; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Liu, Wei

2017-11-01

1. Sennoside A (SA) is a newly identified necrosis-avid agent that shows capability for imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy. As a water-soluble compound, 131 I-Sennoside A ( 131 I-SA) might be excreted predominately through the kidneys with the possibility of nephrotoxicity. 2. To further verify excretion pathway and examine nephrotoxicity of 131 I-SA, excretion and nephrotoxicity were appraised. The pharmacokinetics, hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity of 131 I-SA were also evaluated to accelerate its possible clinical translation. All these studies were conducted in mice with ethanol-induced muscular necrosis following a single intravenous administration of 131I-SA at 18.5 MBq/kg or 370 MBq/kg. 3. Excretion data revealed that 131 I-SA was predominately (73.5% of the injected dose (% ID)) excreted via the kidneys with 69.5% ID detected in urine within 72 h post injection. Biodistribution study indicated that 131 I-SA exhibited initial high distribution in the kidneys but subsequently a fast renal clearance, which was further confirmed by the results of autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. The maximum necrotic to normal muscle ratio reached to 7.9-fold at 48 h post injection, which further verified the necrosis avidity of 131 I-SA. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed that 131 I-SA had fast blood clearance with an elimination half-life of 6.7 h. Various functional indexes were no significant difference (p > 0.05) between before administration and 1 d, 8 d, 16 d after administration. Histopathology showed no signs of tissue damage. 4. These data suggest 131 I-SA is a safe and promising necrosis-avid agent applicable in imaging diagnosis and tumor necrosis targeted radiotherapy.

Clinical Investigation and Treatment of Thyroid Disease with Radioactive Iodine (131I)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Mun Ho; Koh, Chang Soon; Ro, Heung Kyu; Koo, In Seu; Suh, Whan Jo; Lee, Kyung Ja; Lee, Hong Kyu; Lee, Chung Sang

1970-01-01

A summary of the clinical data of the 131 I-thyroid function tests and the therapeutic results of 131 I among the 2,658 patients of various thyroid diseases treated over the past 10 years from May 1960 to Oct. 1969 at the Radioisotope Clinic and Laboratory, SNUH were presented and discussed. 1) The patients examined consisted of 929 cases (34.9%) of diffuse toxic goiter, 762 cases (28.7%) of diffuse nontoxic goiter, 699 cases (26.3%) of nodular nontoxic goiter, 58 cases (2.2%) of nodular toxic goiter and 210 cases (7.9%) of hypothyroidism. 2) There were 300 (11.4%) male and 2358 (88.6%) female, showing a ratio of 1 : 8. 3) The majority of patients (79.1%) were in the 3rd-5th decade of their lives. 3) The normal ranges, diagnostic values of 131 I uptake test, 48 hrs serum activity, BMR and main subjective symptoms of various thyroid diseases were discussed. 5) In the 579 patients among 867 cases with hyperthyroidism treated with 131 I, 47.8% were confirmed to be cured completely after single therapeutic doses. 6) The complications of 131 I therapy were discussed and myxedema had developed in 6.75% of our patients. 7) The results of 131 I thyroid function tests were analysed among the 160 cases of thyroid diseases which were confirmed the diagnosis with histopathological measures.

Differentiated thyroid cancer following radioiodide 131I therapy of hyperthyroidism: a case report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nemec, J; Soumar, J; Zeman, V; Nahodil, V; Zamrazil, V; Smejkal, V Jr

1978-01-01

Differentiated (papillary) thyroid cancer was detected 17 years following radioiodide 131I treatment for toxic multinodular goiter. Twenty-one cases of thyroid cancers with previous 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism were summarized. This combination is rare compared to the incidence of thyroid cancers following external irradiation. This may be due to higher absorbed dose to thyroid in 131I treatment.

Design and construction of a shielded process box for the production of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonetto, O.; Goso, R.; Guerrero, G.; Huala, H.E.; Logusso, N.A.; Marques, R.; Mitta, A.E.A.

1976-07-01

A leakproof process box, shielded with a 5 mm lead wall, for the labelling, purification, pH adjutment and dispensing of Rose Bengal 131 I, Hippuran 131 I, Diprocon 131 I, Hipaque 131 I, Bromosuphthalein 131 I, etc. is described. (author) [es

Control system of liquid effluents generated in treatment with I-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia M, T.; Ruiz C, M. A.; Angeles C, A.; Ramirez S, R.

2015-09-01

In recent years, nuclear medicine has developed greatly in our country and around the world. Techniques for both medical diagnosis and therapy have increased the use of radiopharmaceuticals, notably the I-131. In Mexico there are around 150 nuclear medicine establishments authorized by the Comision Nacional de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias. Most of these establishments do not have an appropriate facility for the treatment of radioactive liquid effluents, to ensure compliance with the concentration limits established in the regulations. The Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) developed and implemented successfully, a control system of radioactive effluents (named SACEL) from a nuclear medicine facility. This system ensures an effective compliance with regulations and also better management and control of these radioactive effluents. Calculations and design of SACEL were made with respect to I-131, because is one of the most commonly used in radiotherapy and medical diagnostics, besides its half-life is greater in relation to other radionuclides. SACEL is comprised of four storage tanks and decay and a fifth tank for measuring the concentration of I-131 and later discharge to the drain; these tanks are connected to an automated system that controls the effluents passage. The calculation to determine the volume of the tanks was carried out according to the demand that has the hospital, to the maximum activity being poured in effluents and time required to decay. In this paper the design and installation of SACEL system, in addition to functioning as a facility that enables the Hospital meet the required standards is presented. Dose calculations performed with MCNPX and the methodology used in the calibration of the detection system is also presented. (Author)

Intercomparison of 131I activity measurements in nuclear medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, G. Y.; Yang, H. K.; Lim, C. I.; Lee, H. K.; Jeong, H. K.

2004-01-01

Activity measurements in nuclear medicine using a dose calibrator have been performed for several decades and their reliability has varied. To minimise the radiation dose to patients with radionuclides, it is necessary to ensure that the sample administered is accurately assayed. Recognizing the importance of intercomparison in nuclear medicine and the need to make access to activity standards traceable to the international measurement system, the KFDA, as a national secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (SSDL), started an intercomparison program in 2002. This program was initiated by survey to all nuclear medicine centres regarding general information about their dose calibrators, radioisotopes etc. 71 nuclear medicine centres (79 dose calibrators) participated in the intercomparison program with 131 I isotope. To assess the accuracy of clinical measurements of the activity of 131 I solutions and to determine the reason for the disagreement, an intercomparison was conducted using 4 ml aliquots in 10 ml P6 vial with a total activity in the region of 10 -20 MBq. The reference time of decay for all solutions was 0:00 on 25 September 2002. The half-life used was 8.04 days. For the evaluation of solution in KFDA, a sealed, high pressure and re-entrant ionisation chamber, NPL-CRC radionuclide calibrators were used. The verification of our calibration quality was by means of a comparison with the Korea Primary Standard Laboratory (KRISS). The activity ratio of KFDA to KRISS for the 131 I solutions is 1.011. The difference between the value quoted by the clinic, A hospital and the value obtained by the KFDA, A KFDA , is expressed as a percent deviation, i.e. DEV(%) 100x(A hospital -A KFDA )/A KFDA . From the data obtained it was found that 61% of the calibrators showed a deviation within +/-5%; 23% had a deviation in the range 5% 131 I solution activity measurements, using dose calibrators in Koreas, and also to provide the participants with a traceable standard to

Synthesis labeling and biological studies of 16-131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, M.K.

1988-01-01

The increasing interest in obtaining radiopharmaceuticals for metabolic imaging of heart muscle led us to prepare 16-IODINE HEXADECANOIC ACID by tosilation of the corresponding hydroxy acid, following iodination with NaI and finally, introducing radioiodine (Na 131 I) by isotopic exchange reaction. The reaction products were identified by determination of melting point, elementary and spectroscopic analysis such as infra-red absortion and magnetic nuclear resonance. The radiopharmaceutical after radiochemical and other specific control procedures for injetable such as sterility and apyrogenicity, was firstly utilized in dogs: preferencial uptake by the heart, as well as by the liver was confirmed. Then, studies in patients with or without heart diseases were performed. The biodistribution of 16- 131 I-HEXADECANOIC ACID was carried out in Wistar rats. The scintigraphic images in animals and in humans demonstrated that 16- 131 -HEXADECANOIC ACID is suitable for studying viable areas as well as energetic exchange of heart muscle. (author) [pt

Preparation and biodistribution of 131I labeled 3-Amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin Rushan; Yang Yuanyou; Liu Ning; Liao Jiali; Jin Jiannan; Pu Manfei

2008-01-01

3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (ABP) was synthesized and labeled with 131 I using N-succinimidyl-5-(tri-butylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SPC) as a bi-functional linker. 131 I could be coupled to ABP via a 131 I-SIPC intermediate with a labeling yield of more than 64%, and a radiochemical purity of more than 99% after HPLC purification. After 72 h at room temperature, the radiochemical purity was still more than 98.8%, implying that the 131 I-SIPC-ABP is stable in vitro. Biodistribution experiments in mice show that 131 I-SIPC-ABP has high affinity to bone and high stability in vivo as well as in vitro. (authors)

Adrenal scintigraphy using 131I-Adosterol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukunaga, Masao; Dokoh, Shigeharu; Yamamoto, Itsuo; Morita, Rikushi; Torizuka, Kanji

1977-01-01

131 I-Adosterol (6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-3β-ol) was administered to evaluate adrenal grand in 20 patients including 9 patients with primary aldosteronism, 5 with Cushing's syndrome, one with pheochromocytoma, one with retroperitoneal tumor, 3 with essential hypertension and one with obesity. Standard scintigraphies were performed at 3rd day and again 6th day after administration of 131 I-adosterol (1-1.5 mCi). Suppression scintigraphies were obtained while the patients were taking dexamethasone 2 to 3 mg daily from 3 days prior to injection of the tracer until adrenal imaging. In the cases with essential hypertension and obesity, both adrenal glands were delineated equally by standard scintigraphy, and in one patient, undergone suppression scintigraphy, the uptake of 131 I-adosterol by both glands were completely inhibited by dexamethasone administration. In primary aldosteronism, six of the 9 patients demonstrated the increased radioactivity in one side, and were diagnosed as aldosteronoma. In 3 cases, failed to show the lesions on standard scintigraphy, the lesions could be detected by suppression scintigraphy, and aldosteronomas measuring 1 x 1 x 0.7, 2 x 2 x 1 and 1.7 x 1.5 x 0.8 cm were confirmed by operation. In Cushing's syndrome, standard scintigraphy could easily distinguish between adenoma (one case) and bilateral hyperplasia (4 cases). Adrenal scintigraphy was also a useful method in order to assess the effect of pituitary irradiation therapy in the case of hyperplasia. In pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal tumor, the side of the lesion was identified by the absence of a functioning gland. Suppression scintigraphy was particularly useful in detecting the localization of the small tumor in primary aldosteronism. (auth.)

Delayed results of therapy of thyrotoxicosis with sup(131)I and posttherapeutic hypothyrosis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khelds, A O; Ozols, V K; Shtelmane, I A

1986-03-01

A total of 1587 patients with thyrotoxicosis (1387 women and 266 men) were examined over time after /sup 131/I therapy. The radioactive drug was given once to 808 patients, two times to 337 patients, 3 times to 198 and 4 times to 82 patients. 669 patients received 74-185 MBq of /sup 131/I. 649 patients 222-370 MBq, 128 patients 407-555 MBq and 94 patients 592-740 MBq. The other 47 patients received /sup 131/I of higher activity. Posttherapeutic hypothyrosis was revealed in 5.4% of the cases. In half of the patients hypothyrosis developed after a single administration of /sup 131/I. In all the patients with posttherapeutic hypothyrosis, i.v. administration of thyroliberin resulted in a significant rise of the thyrotropin level indicating to great importance of this test. A follow up of such patients is necessary as hypothyrosis can develop at different time after treatment of thyrotoxicosis patients with /sup 131/I.

A new method activation analysis of 131I in charcoal cartridge sampler

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lai Caifeng; Xu Jiayun; Qin Jianguo; Wang Dalun

2011-01-01

Instead of the traditional method for measuring 1311 activation by calibrating the detecting efficiency, MCNP5 calculation and ill-posed equation solution were used in a new method for analysing 131 I activation and depth distribution in sample box. Because of no necessary to prepare for standard sample and calibrate the efficiency, it makes the survey of 131 I more quickly and accurately and is able to take into account the physics processes of 131 I in the sample box. (authors)

Ablative radiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism: long term follow-up study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kendall-Taylor, P.; Keir, M.J.; Ross, W.M.

1984-01-01

A total of 225 patients were treated for hyperthyroidism with 555 MBq (15 mCi) radioiodine to ablate the thyroid and induce early hyperthyroidism. The efficacy of this treatment in eradicating hyperthyroidism and problems of follow up were assessed one to six years later from case records and questionnaires. Information was received from 197 out of 219 live patients (90%) and from 160 doctors concerning 207 patients (92%). Only three patients were not traced and six had died since treatment. The modal time to hyperthyroidism was three months, and 64% of patients were hyperthyroid at one year; 5.6% had failed to become euthyroid within one year. Ninety five per cent of patients had been seen by the doctor and 82% had had a thyroid test done within the past two years. Most doctors preferred patients to be returned to their care once thyroxine treatment was stabilised. An ablative dose of 131 I is recommended as an effective means of treatment which has clear advantages over conventional methods. Good communications and effective follow up should ensure success. (author)

Detection and tracing of the medical radioisotope 131I in the Canberra environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilfillan Nathan R.

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The transport and radioecology of the therapeutical radioisotope 131I has been studied in Canberra, Australia. The isotope has been detected in water samples and its activity quantified via characteristic J-ray photo peaks. A comparison of measurements on samples from upstream and downstream of the Canberra waste water treatment plant shows that 131I is discharged from the plant outflow into the local Molonglo river. This is consistent with observations in other urban environments. A time-correlation between the measured activities in the outflow and the therapeutical treatment cycle at the hospital identifies the medical treatment as the source of the isotope. Enhanced activity levels of 131I have been measured for fish samples. This may permit conclusions on 131I uptake by the biosphere. Due to the well-defined and intermittent input of 131I into the sewage, the Canberra situation is ideally suited for radioecological studies. Furthermore, the 131I activity may be applied in tracer studies of sewage transport to and through the treatment plant and as an indicator of outflow dilution following discharge to the environment.

An experimental study on the antitumor effect of 131I-17-AAG in vitro and in vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tu Wenyong; Liu Lu; Chen Daozhen; Huang Ying; Yin Weidong

2009-01-01

The objective of this study was to observe the antitumor effect of 131 I-17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin ( 131 I-17-AAG) in vitro/in vivo and explore its antitumor mechanism with a view to its potential therapeutic application. 131 I-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na [ 131 I] in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of 131 17-AAG on cell growth inhibition and cell cycle distribution in vitro were studied in BEL-7402 cells lines. Following BEL-7402 tumor implantation by subcutaneous xenografts into nude mice, the reagents were injected through the tail vein, and the tumor volume was measured and analyzed. At the end of the experiment, tumor specimens were processed for histopathological analysis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to investigate apoptosis. The expression change of Akt2 was tested by Western-blot analysis. Methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay showed inhibition rates of 27.7±5.3%, 57.3±4.3%, and 63.7±3.1%, in Na 131 I group, 17-AAG group, and 131 I-17-AAG group, respectively. The inhibition rate in the 131 I-17-AAG group differed significantly between Na 131 I group and 17-AAG group (F=229.49, P 131 I group, 17-AAG group, and 131 I-17-AAG group, respectively. Following infusion for 32 days, the tumor volumes in the 131 I-17-AAG group were significantly smaller than those in the DMSO group (F=24.18, P 131 I group (F=20.68, P 131 I-17-AAG inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and induced apoptosis. The expression of Akt2 in 131 I-17-AAG was significantly lower than that in the DMSO group or 131 I group. 131 I-17-AAG can effectively inhibit the growth of BEL-7402 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. 131 I-17-AAG is a promising agent for the treatment of BEL-7402 cell tumor. (author)

Preparation of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol as a hepatoma therapeutic agent

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiunnguang Lo; Aiyih Wang; Yuanyaw Wei (National Tsinghua Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan). Inst. of Nuclear Science); Wingyiu Lui; Chinwen Chi (Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan)); Wingkai Chan (Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Biomedical Sciences)

1992-12-01

An isotopic exchange method was used to label lipiodol with [sup 131]I. The labelling efficiency was > 92.5%, and the radiochemical purity of [[sup 131]I]lipiodol was above 98% as determined by ITLC. The influencing factors e.g. the heating temperature, reaction, pH and storage conditions were studied and the optimum conditions were determined. In a pilot study injecting [[sup 131]I]lipiodol for the treatment of hepatoma, about 70% of hepatoma patients had a response to the treatment with a reduction of [alpha]-fetoprotein and decrease of hepatoma sizes. The overall median survival was 9 months (range 2-17 months). (author).

Calculation of the activity incorporated in the therapy with I 131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chica, L.G.; Puerta, J.A.

1998-01-01

By means of the product S(T--S). A-s-(T-e-). the absorbed dose to thyroid delivered by I-131 incorporated is calculated. Where S(T--S) is the absorbed dose in the thyroid per nuclear transformations (tn.) of I-131 localized in the thyroid and as a potential function of the mass is expressed. A-s-(T-e-) is the number of tn. of I-131 in the thyroid since the moment of the incorporation until the time T-e- (the effective middle time); to find A-s-(T-e-) to normal as different pathological conditions, the metabolic model of the iodo proposed by the ICRP is used. Of the expression of the doses, the incorporated activity, I-o- is obtained

The use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of Graves' disease with 131I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang Yuguo; Chen Miao; Kuang Anren

2004-01-01

Lithium carbonate involving radioactive iodine uptake, goiter volume, thyroid hormone and applying range is reviewed briefly. Lithium may elongate the T 1/2 of iodine in thyroid gland, decrease 131 I dosage and enhance curative effect. Lithium carbonate inhibit iodine uptake and thyroid hormone synthesize, blocks the release of iodine and thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, which lead to reduce the 131 I dosage the patients need and to decrease the surge of serum FT 3 and FT 4 levels caused by 131 I therapy. so lithium carbonate can alleviate the symptoms caused by 131 I treatment. For lithium carbonate can increase leucocyte amount, there are some merits with lithium carbonate in treating Graves' disease by 131 I. (authors)

Prognostic factors for the success of thermal balloon ablation in the treatment of menorrhagia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bongers, M. Y.; Mol, B. W. J.; Brölmann, H. A. M.

2002-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictive factors that will ensure successful menorrhagia treatment using hot fluid balloon endometrial ablation. METHODS: This is a prospective study on patients referred for menorrhagia and treated with hot fluid thermal balloon ablation. Potential prognostic factors for

Posterior urethra: Anterior urethra ratio in the evaluation of success following PUV ablation.

Science.gov (United States)

Babu, R; Hariharasudhan, S; Ramesh, C

2016-12-01

There are conflicting reports on the criteria with which to determine success following posterior urethral valve (PUV) ablation. The aims of this study were to assess the value of the posterior urethra: anterior urethra ratio (PAR) in predicting successful PUV ablation. All neonates and infants with confirmed PUV on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) were included. Initial PAR was computed by dividing maximum posterior urethral diameter by anterior urethral diameter. Distances were measured by an on-screen distance measurement tool in the Radiology department, to avoid error. Only oblique images with good voiding phases were used for assessment. All patients underwent cystoscopy and PUV ablation using cold knife. Postoperative VCUG and cystoscopy were performed at 3 months follow-up. Success was defined as cystoscopic resolution of obstruction, in addition to biochemical and radiological improvement, and this was compared with PAR findings. An equal number of age-matched control patients who had a normal VCUG (as a part of evaluation of antenatal hydronephrosis) were also analyzed. A total of 56 patients (median age 15 days, range 3-250 days) were analyzed between 2013 and 2016. The mean PAR was 1.5 (0.42) in controls and 3.42 (0.75) in those with PUV at diagnosis (P = 0.001). In those with successful PUV ablation (n = 51) the mean PAR was 1.8 (0.21), and in those with residual PUV/stricture (n = 5) the mean PAR was 3.16 (0.54). The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Applying the value of mean + 2 SD of successful PUV ablation, an upper limit of PAR >2.2 was proposed to predict failure. Using this cut-off, 4/7 with PAR >2.2 had confirmed failure, while 48/49 with PAR posterior urethra is more than 2.2 times the diameter of the anterior urethra (PAR >2.2) on repeat VCUG following a PUV ablation, a cystoscopy check is essential to rule out residual PUV/stricture. Copyright © 2016 Journal of Pediatric Urology

Ablation of human colon carcinoma in nude mice by 131I-labeled monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody F(ab')2 fragments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buchegger, F.; Pfister, C.; Fournier, K.; Prevel, F.; Schreyer, M.; Carrel, S.; Mach, J.P.

1989-01-01

Pooled F(ab')2 fragments of three MAbs against distinct epitopes of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were used for radioimmunotherapy of nude mice bearing a subcutaneous human colon carcinoma xenograft. 9-10 d after transplantation when tumor nodules were in exponential growth, 36 mice were treated by intravenous injection of different amounts of 131 I-labeled MAb F(ab')2. All 14 mice injected with a single dose of 2,200 (n = 10) or 2,800 microCi (n = 4) showed complete tumor remission. 8 of the 10 mice treated with 2,200 microCi survived in good health for 1 yr when they were killed and shown to be tumor free. Four of nine other mice treated with four fractionated doses of 400 microCi showed no tumor relapse for more than 9 mo. In contrast, all 15 mice injected with 1,600-3,000 microCi 131 I-control IgG F(ab')2 showed tumor growth retardation of only 1-4 wk, and 15 of 16 mice injected with unlabeled anti-CEA MAb F(ab')2 showed unmodified tumor progression as compared with untreated mice. From tissue radioactivity distributions it was calculated that by an injection of 2,200 microCi 131 I-MAb F(ab')2 a mean dose of 8,335 rad was selectively delivered to the tumor, while the tissue-absorbed radiation doses for the normal organs were: peripheral blood, 2,093; stomach, 1,668; kidney, 1,289; lung, 1,185; liver, 617; spleen, 501; small intestine, 427; large intestine, 367; bone, 337; and muscle, 198. These treatments were well tolerated since out of 19 mice with complete tumor remission only 4 required bone marrow transplantation and 17 were in good health for 6-12 mo of observation

Multiple factor analysis of the therapeutic effect of 131I in treating 783 cases of Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai Min; Li Xianfeng; Li Sijin; Chen Haibin

2008-01-01

Objective: To study the factors influencing therapeutic effect of 131 I in treating 783 cases of Graves disease. Methods: The values of various indexes were quantized on influencing factors such as age, sex, course of disease, mass of thyroid gland, the absorbed dose of 131 I per gram of thryoid gland, the given dose of 131 I, thyroid 24 h 131 I uptaking percentage, thyroid hormone and thyroid autoantibodys. The assessment of the therapeutic effect was made according to complete remission (including hypothyroidism) and partial remission after 131 I therapy. CMH χ 2 , Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the variable parameters before the treatment. Results: The therapeutic effect of 131 I is significant in the follow-up period (CMH χ 2 =69.21, P 131 I therapy for 12 months. The therapeutic effect was related to such factors as age thyroid mass, the absorbed dose of 131 I per gram of thryoid gland, thyroid 24 h 131 I uptaking percentage, etc (all the values of P 131 I uptaking percentage is higher, thyroid mass is bigger, thyroid gland is with noduses, the given dose of 131 I should be increased. Conversely decreased. (authors)

Determination of 131I as contaminant in samples of fission 99Mo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aghazarian, V.P.; Nunez, O.J.; Duran, Adrian P.; Mondino, Angel V.

2003-01-01

A method for 99 Mo production from fission products was developed at the Ezeiza Atomic Center 15 years ago. A complete quality control of the product, preceding its use in nuclear medicine, is a basic requirement. One of the main purposes of this work was to improve the resolution of the 364.5 keV and 366.4 keV peaks, from respectively 131 I and 99 Mo, due to the fact that the former could not be detected in the presence of high activities of the later. A new procedure is described for determination of 131 I impurity contents present in the 99 Mo samples. A highly specific 131 I separation from an alkaline solution has been developed, which utilizes porous metallic silver. Elemental silver was prepared by reduction of Ag + with ascorbic acid. The isotopes of iodine were fixed as Ag 131 I and then, the iodide ion was eluted from the column with a Na 2 S solution. Finally, the 131 I activity could be quantitatively determined. All the parameters were fitted in order to obtain a suitable statistic in counting times within 2000-5000 seconds, short enough for on-line controls. (author)

Radioimmunoimaging of nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts after injecting 131I-McAbs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Liang

1992-01-01

Monoclonal antibodies (Lc86a-C5, Lc86a-H8) directed against human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2 and normal BALB/c IgG were labelled with iodine-131 by chloramine T. The 131 I-McAbs and 131 I-IgG were respectively injected into the peritoneal cavities of nude mice bearing transplanted human lung adenocarcinoma cell line LTEP-a-2. After 72 h, the tumor tissue in nude mice injected with 131 I-McAbs was distinguishable from normal tissues as a very clear image obtained during gamma scintigraphy. No difference was found between tumor and normal tissues in the nude mice injected with 131 I-IgG. The tumor: blood ration was 3.1:1 in nude injected with 131 I McAb(H8) and 0.9:1 in nude mice injected with 131 I-IgG respectively. This indicates that the tumor tissue image was the result of specific binding of the 131 I-McAbs, which have high specificity and affinity both in vitro and in vivo, to tumor cells, and these monoclonal antibodies may serve as potential agents in tumor diagnosis and treatment

Computer-aided pathophysiological analysis of 131I rose bengal hepatogram

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumoto, Akira

1976-01-01

The author analysed 131 I-rose bengal (R.B.) hepatograms over the liver region using digital simulation technique to determine the hepatobiliary functions separately and to compare the rate constants obtained from the kinetic model and the results obtained from conventional liver function tests. A total of 112 cases were observed including various liver and gallbladder diseases and 8 normal subjects. Fasting patients were given intravenous injections of 300 μCi of 131 I-R.B. Hepatic uptake and excretion of radioactivity were measured for 120 minutes using a gamma camera. Two regions, one over the right lobe and the other over the gallbladder, were studied. The author applied a 3 compartment analysis to the 131 I-R.B. hepatogram. Measured 131 I-R.B. hepatogram was printed out on a line printer with curve pattern indices. Assumed rate constants and relative volume indices were placed on punch cards. Computer-aided simulation curves were printed on a line printer with curve pattern indices. The measured hepatogram and the simulated hepatogram were compared. The blood flow index (K 21 ), the hepatocellular function index (K 32 ) and the intrahepatic biliary excretion index (K 03 ) were obtained with the schematic presentation of the curves. Rate constants from the kinetic model correlated well with conventional liver function tests. In normal liver and hepatobiliary diseases, there were high statistical correlations between K 21 and Ksub(L) 131 I-R.B. Retention (%), between K 32 and Cholinesterase, and between K 03 and Alkaliphosphatase. However, there was a low statistical correlation between the results of the simulation study and the results of liver function tests in the cases of obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic cholestasis. (Evans, J.)

Medical evaluations of ionizing radiation effects during I131 therapy in patients after thyroid carcinoma surgery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hermida, J.C.

1996-01-01

This study shows the para-clinical studies on a 39 years old patient who was operated on of a thyroid carcinoma and who, under the beirwaltes medical record (in use in our country), received in the post surgical stage, a Iodine-131 dose of about 2960 MBq (80 mCi) for ablation, having been noted subsequently her pregnancy condition. (author). 6 refs

Graves' ophthalmopathy and 131I therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marcocci, C.; Bartalena, L.; Tanda, M.L.; Manetti, L.; Dell'Unto, E.; Mazzi, B.; Rocchi, R.; Barbesino, G.; Pinchera, A.

1999-01-01

Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune process initiated and maintained by antigen(s) shared by the thyroid and the orbit. A matter of argument concerns the choice of the method of treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism when clinically evident ophthalmopathy is present. Restoration of euthyroidism appears to be beneficial for ophthalmopathy. On the other hand the continuing disease activity associated with the recurrence of hyperthyroidism appears to adversely affect the course of ophthalmopathy. For these reasons it is our opinion that in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy the permanent control of thyroid hyper function by ablation of thyroid tissue should be obtained by radioiodine therapy or thyroidectomy. The rationale for an ablative strategy is the following: i) permanent control of hyperthyroidism avoids exacerbations of eye disease associated with recurrence of hyperthyroidism; i i) hypothyroidism, which follows thyroid tissue ablation, should be regarded as a therapeutic end point rather than as an undesirable result; iii) ablation of thyroid tissue may result in the removal of both the thyroid-orbit cross-reacting antigen(s) and the major source of thyroid-auto reactive lymphocytes. The relationship between radioiodine therapy and the course of GO is a matter of controversy, and some authors have suggested that radioiodine administration ma be associated with a worsening of preexisting ophthalmopathy. This was not observed when radioiodine treatment was associated with a 3-month oral course of prednisone. The development or progression of GO after radioiodine therapy might be due to the release of thyroid antigens following radiation injury and to subsequent exacerbations of autoimmune reactions directed towards antigens shared by the thyroid and the orbit. The view that radioiodine therapy may be associated with a progression of ophthalmopathy is not shared by some authors who claim that the apparent link between progression of

Our experience of high dose I-131 therapy in 75 patients with well differentiated carcinoma thyroid followed up over 5 years

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dougall, P.; Kumar, A.; Ashok, P.; Chinwan, B.P.; Khan, B.; Pandey, D.; Joshi, N.D.

2005-01-01

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The epidemiology of thyroid cancer is variable, depending on the geographic location of the patient population. Well differentiated thyroid cancer (WTC), is responsive to high dose I-131 treatment, and is the most accepted form of therapy, even though the dose administered for ablation of residual thyroid tissue maybe controversial. At our centre, 75 patients of WTC, mean age 42.4 years, 22 males and 53 females (M:F 1:2.4), were treated with high dose oral I-131 therapy with a Total Mean Dose (TMD) of 263.6 mCi, 4 - 6 weeks post thyroidectomy. They were followed up over a period of 6 years. Twenty ( 26.7%) patients had follicular cancer (FC), 47 (62.7%) papillary cancer (PC) and 8 (10.7%) were mixed (MC), on histopathology, at presentation. 38 (50.7%) patients had only residual thyroid tissue (RTT) on I-131 whole body bone scan (WBS) and 37 (49.3%) presented with metastatic disease (MD) at the time of therapy. Of the 37 patients with MD, 21 (56.8%) had metastases to the lymph nodes, 6 (16.2%) to the lungs, 4 (10.8%) to bone, 3 (8.1%) to bone and lung, and 4 (10.8%) to lung plus lymph nodes. Twenty-three patients (7 FC , 13 - PC and 3 MC; 6 RTT, 17 - MD) , received more than one dose of I-131 with a TMD of 422.7 mCi (Range 88 1590 mCi ). 52 patients (13 FC, 34 PC, 5 MC; 20 MD and 32 RTT) received a single TMD of 104.4 (Range 39.5 219 mCi). On follow-up, 3 patients of FC with MD (2 lung metastasis and 1 with extensive lymph node metastasis), died within 3 months 2 years of therapy. 3 patients of MD (2 FC, 1-MC; 2 bone metastasis and 1 bone with lung metastasis) died after 5 .5 years, Of the 6 patients who died, 5 were FC and only 1 was MC. 2 patients with MD to lungs and bone had received a single dose and were lost to follow up. All patients with PC and FC with only RTT, were surviving at the end of 5 years. None of the patients with MD to lymph nodes died at the end of 5 years, either receiving single or

Three cases of respiratory failure after I-131 radioiodine therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Ken; Uchiyama, Masayuki; Fukuda, Kunihiko

2016-01-01

We report three cases of respiratory failure after I-131 radioiodine therapy. All cases involved relapsed cervical lesions, and two showed edema of the larynx. Emergency tracheostomy was performed to treat the respiratory failure in one case while the others were treated conservatively. All patients showed improvements without after-effects. Patients who undergo I-131 radioiodine therapy, especially those with cervical lesions, should be carefully monitored for this rare complication after treatment. (author)

Comparison of {sup 131}I whole-body imaging, {sup 131}I SPECT/CT, and {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of metastatic thyroid cancer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oh, Jong-Ryool; Chong, Ari; Kim, Jahae; Kang, Sae-Ryung; Song, Ho-Chun; Bom, Hee-Seung [Chonnam National University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Medicine Research Center, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Byun, Byung-Hyun; Hong, Sun-Pyo; Yoo, Su-Woong [Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Medicine Research Center, Hwasun, Jeonnam (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Dong-Yeon [Dongguk University, Department of Chemistry, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Chonnam National University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Medicine Research Center, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Min, Jung-Joon [Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Medicine Research Center, Hwasun, Jeonnam (Korea, Republic of); Center for Biomedical Human Resources at Chonnam National University, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of)

2011-08-15

The aim of this study was to compare {sup 131}I whole-body scintigraphy (WBS), WBS with {sup 131}I single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and {sup 18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the detection of distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). A total of 140 patients with 258 foci of suspected distant metastases were evaluated. {sup 131}I WBS, {sup 131}I SPECT/CT, and {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT images were interpreted separately. The final diagnosis was obtained from histopathologic study, serum thyroglobulin level, other imaging modalities, and/or clinical follow-up. Of the 140 patients with 258 foci, 46 patients with 166 foci were diagnosed as positive for distant metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality were 65, 55, and 59%, respectively, for {sup 131}I WBS; 65, 95, and 85% for {sup 131}I SPECT/CT, respectively; and 61, 98, and 86%, respectively, for {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT in patient-based analyses. Lesion-based analyses demonstrated that both SPECT/CT and PET/CT were superior to WBS (p<0.001) in all patient groups. SPECT/CT was superior to WBS and PET/CT (p<0.001) in patients who received a single challenge of radioiodine therapy, whereas PET/CT was superior to WBS (p=0.005) and SPECT/CT (p=0.013) in patients who received multiple challenges. Both SPECT/CT and PET/CT demonstrated high diagnostic performance in detecting metastatic thyroid cancer. SPECT/CT was highly accurate in patients who underwent a single challenge of radioiodine therapy. In contrast, {sup 18}F-FDG PET/CT presented the highest diagnostic performance in patients who underwent multiple challenges of radioiodine therapy. (orig.)

Radioimmunotherapy in refractory b-cell nonhodgkins lymphoma with I-131-labeled chimeric anti cd-20 c2b8 (I-131 rituximab): preliminary result

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, Hye Jin; Park, Yeon Hee; Kim, Sung Eun and others

2005-01-01

Recently, the native chimeric human-mouse anti CD-20 antibody IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) has been widely applied in NHL. This ongoing phase study was to evaluate whether radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with I-131 rituximab is effective in refractory B-cell NHL. Inclusion criteria were as follows: B-cell NHL with relapsed or refractory to primary standard therapy, measurable disease, adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function, informed consent. The rituximab (Mabthera, Roach) was radiolabeled with iodine-131(I-131) using a modified chloramine T method with high radiochemical purity (95%) and preservation of immuno-reactivity. All patients received loading doses of unlabeled rituximab (median, 40 mg: range, 20∼70 mg) immediately prior to administration of therapeutic dose (51.4∼152.2 MBq/kg), and then underwent gamma camera scan. 11 patients were enrolled (4 low-grade B-cell NHL, 7 DLBCL, median age 63 years). Patients had received a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens. The objective response rate was 36.4% (1 CR, 3 PRs). These all responses were observed in low-grade B-cell NHL, except one with DLBCL. Adverse events were primarily hematologic toxicities; the incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia was 27.3%, 45.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. The treatment-related mortality was observed in one patient, who had been previously treated with high-dose chemotherapy plus TBI with autologous stem cell transplantation. RIT with I-131 rituximab seems to be effective tolerable in refractory low-grade B-cell NHL, although modest activity in refractory DLBCL. Further studies to define the efficacy of I-131 rituximab in DLBCL are warranted

Radioimmunotherapy in refractory b-cell nonhodgkins lymphoma with I-131-labeled chimeric anti cd-20 c2b8 (I-131 rituximab): preliminary result

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, Hye Jin; Park, Yeon Hee; Kim, Sung Eun and others [Korea University Medical School, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2005-07-01

Recently, the native chimeric human-mouse anti CD-20 antibody IDEC-C2B8 (Rituximab) has been widely applied in NHL. This ongoing phase study was to evaluate whether radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with I-131 rituximab is effective in refractory B-cell NHL. Inclusion criteria were as follows: B-cell NHL with relapsed or refractory to primary standard therapy, measurable disease, adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function, informed consent. The rituximab (Mabthera, Roach) was radiolabeled with iodine-131(I-131) using a modified chloramine T method with high radiochemical purity (95%) and preservation of immuno-reactivity. All patients received loading doses of unlabeled rituximab (median, 40 mg: range, 20{approx}70 mg) immediately prior to administration of therapeutic dose (51.4{approx}152.2 MBq/kg), and then underwent gamma camera scan. 11 patients were enrolled (4 low-grade B-cell NHL, 7 DLBCL, median age 63 years). Patients had received a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens. The objective response rate was 36.4% (1 CR, 3 PRs). These all responses were observed in low-grade B-cell NHL, except one with DLBCL. Adverse events were primarily hematologic toxicities; the incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia was 27.3%, 45.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. The treatment-related mortality was observed in one patient, who had been previously treated with high-dose chemotherapy plus TBI with autologous stem cell transplantation. RIT with I-131 rituximab seems to be effective tolerable in refractory low-grade B-cell NHL, although modest activity in refractory DLBCL. Further studies to define the efficacy of I-131 rituximab in DLBCL are warranted.

The comprehensive assessment of 131I and ATD therapy for the patients with hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng Haoyu; Xiao Min; Liang Changhua; Li Xinhui

2002-01-01

Objective: To comprehensively mark the treatment of hyperthyroidism with 131 I and antithyroid drugs (ATD) and to quantitatively assess the advantages and the disadvantages of them. Methods: In two therapeutic methods of hyperthyroidism those being cured were marked 0, those getting better were marked 1, those remaining unchanged were marked 2. After treatment the patients demonstrated ophthalmopathy or more severe ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease, liver function damage and leukopenia were marked 2, those showed temporary hypothyroidism and permanent hypothyroidism were marked 1,2, respectively. Those who had a relapse of the disease after being cured were marked 2. Both individual kinds of marks and total marks were compared. Results: The total mark of group treated with 131 I was 319, and the average mark was 1.39; the total mark of group treated with ATD was 569, and the average mark was 2.20, the difference between the two groups was significant (P 131 I (P 131 I contracted hypothyroidism more often than those treated with ATD ( P = 0.001). The patients cured with 131 I their hyperthyroidism relapse obviously less occurred than in those cured with ATD. In the patients treated with 131 I the incidences of hyperthyroid heart disease, liver function damage, leukopenia and so on were less than in those treated with ATD (P 131 I therapy excels the ATD in treatment of the patients with hyperthyroidism. Although there is certain incidence of hypothyroidism, ophthalmopathy and so on after 131 I treatment, its total curative effect is better than that of ATD

Influence of prilocaine in the interchange of 131I between aqueous humour and blood

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arbex, S.T.; Neder, A.C.; Mattos Filho, T.R. de; Ramos, A.O.; Nascimento Filho, V.F. do

1981-01-01

The experiment had two groups: Group I - (six dogs) - 131 I was injected into the aqueous humour and the radioactivity was measured in the blood at 1,2,4,8,16,32,64 and 128 minutes after the administration. Group II - (eight animals) - 131 I was injected intravenously and the radioactivity was measured in the aqueous humour at 5 and 10 minutes after the administration. Each group was subdivided in two sub-groups, one of them besides the 131 I received 5 mg/Kg of prilocaine. 131 I in the iodite form was always injected in 0.1 ml volumes, corresponding to 312.5 μCi. The radioactivity was measured and the results were as follows: a) Group I - the prilocaine markedly decreased the radioactivity in the blood, suggesting a smaller passage of 131 I from the aqueous humour to the blood. b) Group II - the prilocaine increased the radioactivity in the aqueous humour, suggesting an accumulation of iodite in that compartment. (Author) [pt

I131-MIBG in early diagnose of neuroblastoma in symptomatic children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saddadi, F.S.; Kargarzadeh, F.K.; Yaghoobi, N.Y.

2002-01-01

Aim: Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumors in childhood which derivates from neural crest. It is very malignant and almost always patient comes with metastasis. However there are some diagnostic tools to detection of lesion in the early stage of tumor. We decided to have a review with using I-131 MIBG in patients suspected and/or proved to have neuroblastoma. Material and Methods: 300-500 μci I 131 MIBG was injected intravenously in patients (5 patients with age range 4 years old) referred for their bone pain and pelvic mass(detected with anatomical tools). Images were obtained 24 to 72 hours throughout the body with ADAC gamma camera and SPECT was performed in each local abnormal uptake. Each patient has already had a WBBS with TcMDP. Results: All abnormal tracer uptakes were seen in bone scan were revealed clearly in I131 MIBG. However, three to five other abnormal tracer activities were only seen in MIBG scan. The main tumoral lesions were showed perfectly in pelvic,that was not seen in WBBS. With a statistical analysis, I131 MIBG has 94% sensitivity 85-100% specificity, compare to Tc99m-MDP that was 78% and 51% respectively. Conclusions: We found that I131 MIBG is the most useful method to diagnose of patients with neuroblastoma and reproved that it has a competitive role in management, follow-up of these tumors especially in detection of metastasis

[131I therapy in hyperthyroidism. Results of treatment from 1960-1974].

Science.gov (United States)

Heinze, H G; Schenk, F

1977-02-01

488 PATIENTS WITH Graves' disease were treated by 131Iodine between 1960 and 1974. 427 (87,5%) of these patients were reexamined several times (clinically, 131I-uptake, PB127I, T4 (CPB-A), T3-uptake, and since 1973 TRH-test). The 131I was given as an individually calculated single dose treatment, using 7 000 -- 10 000 rd before 1965 and 6 000 rd thereafter. Two thirds of the patients became euthyroid after a single 131I-dose. In 20% the treatment had to be repeated. These patients show evidently a different biological behaviour of their disease, since multiple treatments revealed a higher rate of failure (33--35%). There is no principal difference between the out-come after 131I-therapy and surgery concerning the rate of failure, respectively relapse (3--4%) and hypothyroidism. Early incidence of hypothyrodism is dose--dependent, as could be shown in patients treated with higher doses before 1965. The reduction of the irradiation dose to 6 000 rd was followed by a drop of hypothyroidism from 18% to 7%. The reasons of late incidence of hypothyroidism are discussed. The incidence of hypothroidism was calculated by three different methods (over-all incidence, incidence within the observed interval after therapy, life-table method). All three methods revealed different results. This has to be taken into account comparing results after radioiodine as well as after surgery. Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism offers a true alternative to surgery.

[Iodine 131 joint radio frequency ablation treatment for child with hyperthyroidism goiter: one case report].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yonghua; Liang, Li; Fang, Yanlan; Wang, Chunlin; Li, Linfa; Jiang, Tian'an

2017-01-25

A 12-year-old girl presented with a history of cervical mass, and one week of throat discomfort and dyspnea. Five years ago, the patient was diagnosed as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism; she received antithyroid drug treatment, but the result was not satisfactory. B-ultrasonic showed that the size of thyroid gland was 8.1 cm×3.2 cm in the left and 8.2 cm×4.8 cm in the right. After iodine 131 combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment, throat discomfort and recumbent breathing difficulties disappeared, and B-ultrasonic showed that the size of thyroid reduced to 2.3 cm×1.7 cm (left) and 2.8 cm×2.0 cm (right). No recurrence was observed during the two and a half years of follow-up.

Adrenal imaging with 131I-Adosterol (NCL-6-131I) by diverging and pinhole methods, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajo, Masayuki

1982-01-01

The analysis of the adrenal diverging and pinhole images with 131 I-Adosterol was made to establish adrenal imaging patterns, in 43 patients with various adrenal disorders, 4 with adrenal adjacent tumors and one with arrhenoblastoma of the ovary whose images were also included. From this analysis and review of literature, three principles (1. Accumulation in cortical tumors, 2. Relation to endogenous ACTH and 3. Nonaccumulation in noncortical tumors) and several additional factors to make various adrenal imaging patterns with 131 I-iodocholesterols could be induced. The accuracy of locating the adrenal tumor-bearing glands was 97% (28/29) with pinhole images and 70% (21/30) with diverging images in baseline conditions. Various adrenal high/low ratios could not be used as confidential indicators to locate the tumorbearing glands, especially in primary aldosteronism, although the left higher ratios on both views showed high discrepancy between normal and abnormal subjects. The ''Pinhole method'' is recommended as a simple technique of adrenal imaging, because it provides a high-resolution adrenal image which results in a high diagnostic value. A pinhole collimator is available in any institute which has a gamma camera. (author)

The early development of hypothyroidism after 131I treatment for hyperthyroid Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang Zengshou; Zhou Qian; Liu Shizhen

1995-01-01

827 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism following 131 I treatment were followed up at 3 monthly intervals for 12∼36 months from 1985 to 1991. Physical examination and serum total T 3 , T 4 , TSH measurements were made at each visit. According to the authors data, 90% early hypothyroidism occurred within 2∼3 months after 131 I treatment, thereby, careful follow-up study is very important during this period. T 4 was much more sensitive than T 3 in diagnosing early hypothyroidism, while the TSH level shows thyroid reservation function, and is less sensitive than T 4 in diagnosing 131 I induced hypothyroidism. The study confirmed the view that the early incidence of post 131 I therapy hypothyroidism was strongly dose dependent

131I therapy of teen-age hyperthyroidism: the primary results in 46 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Kaiming

2001-01-01

Objective: To explore various conditions of teen-age hyperthyroidism with 131 I therapy. Methods: 46 patients were administrated with 131 I, the changes of T 3 and T 4 level of serum were tested by radioimmunoassay. The improvement of clinical symptoms has been observed in 46 cases with teen-age hyperthyroidism by 131 I before and after treatment. Results: 39 of 46 (84%) has been proved complete responses (CR), partial responses (PR) 7 cases. 3 months later; we found that 39 patients have hypothyroidism symptoms, T 3 and T 4 level of serum decreased. There are significance increases of TSH 23 percent patients. Conclusion: It has been proved that treatment of teen-age hyperthyroidism by 131 I is effective and safe

The dose analysis of 131I treatment in pediatric patients with Graves hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng Yan; Zhao Deshan; Fu Songhai; Feng Fei; Geng Huixia; Sun Qiting; Lu Keyi; Li Baojun; Li Sijin

2013-01-01

Objective: To analyze the radioactive 131 I dose of treatment in pediatric patients with Graves hyperthyroidism. Method: Fifty one pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism and 150 adult patients with hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy and treated with 131 I in this study. All pediatric and adult patients treated with 131 I were divided into five groups according to the thyroid weight. Group 1: ≤30 g,Group 2: 31∼50 g, Group 3: 51∼70 g, Group 4: 71 ∼90 g and Group 5: >90 g. The pediatric patients were comparable to the adult patients in data distribution of the thyroid weight. All pediatric patients who were either contraindicated or refractory to antithyroid drugs treatment and adult patients received radioactive 131 I treatment with a dose of (2.41±0.71), (3.27±0.97) MBq/g thyroid tissue respectively. The total administrated doses of 131 I in all pediatric and adult patients were (224.36±130.10) MBq and (354.88 ±308.04) MBq respectively. All the pediatric and adult patients treated with 131 I were followed-up (median 32 months, range 24 to 83 months; median 23 months,range 15 to 62 months, respectively). The treatment results were divided into euthyroid, hyperthyroidism, late-onset hypothyroidism and relapsed. Results: The results by followed-up found that 16 and 65 patients became euthyroid, 22 and 56 patients developed late-onset hypothyroidism, 12 and 25 patients still had hyperthyroidism, 1 and 4 patients relapsed after radioiodine therapy in pediatric group and adult group who were treated with 131 I, respectively. The total efficiency was 98% and 97.3%, respectively. There were no statistical significance of treatment effect between pediatric and adult patients (χ 2 =0.058, P>0.05). Conclusion: When the radioactive 131 I dose was administrated in pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy, it is recommended that the

Hypertension complicating 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy for neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kosmin, Michael A.; Cork, Nicholas J.; Gaze, Mark N.; Bomanji, Jamshed B.; Shankar, Ananth

2012-01-01

Radiolabelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), used as targeted therapy for neuroblastoma, is known to have effects on blood pressure (BP). In this study we audited BP changes in patients receiving 131 I-mIBG therapy for neuroblastoma to identify BP-related adverse events (AE) and possible predictive factors. Between 2003 and 2010, 50 patients with neuroblastoma received 110 131 I-mIBG administrations. BP measurements before and after administration were compared with age- and sex-matched centile values. AE were analysed, and possible predisposing factors identified. This population had a baseline BP distribution higher than that of their age- and sex-matched peers, with 16% of preadministration systolic BP values above the 95th centile. Changes in BP after administration showed an approximately normal distribution with similar numbers of reduced and increased values. Four AE, all related to hypertension, occurred with one patient having generalized seizures. One AE was immediate, others occurred between 20 and 25 h after administration. No significant association between AE and patient age or sex was demonstrated. However, a significant association between AE and high preadministration BP was shown, both above the 90th centile (p = 0.0022) and above the 95th centile (p = 0.0135). Clinically relevant hypertension following 131 I-mIBG therapy affected less than 5% of administrations, but was more common in those patients with preexisting hypertension. As hypertensive episodes may occur many hours after treatment, close monitoring of BP needs to be continued for at least 48 h after administration of 131 I-mIBG. (orig.)

Hypothyroidism caused by 131I treatment for Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng Shouzhen; Lin Xiangtong; He Wanting; Zhang Kaili; Zhang Jinming; Kuai Dayu

1991-01-01

The refollow-up has been carried out in hypothyroidism caused by 131 I treatment for Graves disease. The serum HS-TSH(IRMA), FT3, TSH(RIA), TT3, TT4, FT4I, MCA, TGA, Cholesterol and Triglyceride has been measured in 26 patient after 131 I treatment for 9.5 years in average. At the same time TRH stimulation test was also performed, and the clinical symptoms and signs assessed. The results showed that TSH is the most sensitive criterion for hypothyroidism, followed by Cholesterol and FT 4 I. The occurence of hypothyroidism may be related to the presence of thyroid antibody as demonstrated by the elevation of serum MCA, TGA. Therefore measurement of serum TSH, FT 4 I and Cholesterol during long term follow-up is beneficial for early diagnosis of hypothyroidism and evaluating the effect of substitution treatment

Comparison of thyroid uptake of 131I capsule and solution in rabbits and graves disease patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Xinjian; Li Fang; Lu Jingqiao; Chen Daming; Zhang Ruilin

2002-01-01

Objective: To observe the difference between thyroid uptake rates (TUR) of 131 I capsule and solution in rabbits and Graves disease patients. Methods: Part one: 6 rabbits randomized into two groups received capsule or solution of 131 I 7.4 MBq. Then with SPECT scintigraphy 2,4,6 and 24 h thyroid pure counts in percentage of stomach counts (first frame) were determined. Part two: 1) Measured 131 I capsule standard. 2) 104 patients with Graves disease were administered tracing and therapeutic dose of 131 I capsule (capsule group), 118 of 131 I solution (solution group). Compared the tracing and therapeutic 131 I TUR at 24 h. Results: Part one: There were no significant difference at 2,4,6,24 h TUR between capsule and solution group. For 1 case the maximum TUR was at 6 h in capsule group and 2 cases in solution groups. Part two: 1) For the 131 I capsule administered immediately after being dissolved in 30 mL of water, the activity counts measured were higher by (13.8 +- 2.8)% than it was administered directly, t8.97, P 0.05) and in solution group were (71.3 +- 12.3)% and (65.1 +- 13.0)% (t = 3.82, P 131 I capsule standard should be dissolved before being measured. 3) 131 I capsules can be used as a standard formulation for Graves disease patients. 4) The dose of 131 I should be increased as tracer TUR is larger than 80.0%

Radioiodine (131I) in animal thyroids during nuclear tests in both hemispheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van Middlesworth, L.

1975-01-01

In mid-1974 a small increase of 131 I was observed in animal thyroids following a nuclear test in China. In late 1974 there was no public announcement of an atmospheric nuclear test in the Northern Hemisphere, but 131 I was readily measured in animal thyroids. This latter increase occurred while animals in the Southern Hemisphere accumulated 131 I from nuclear tests in the Southern Hemisphere. It is suggested that in late 1974 the Northern Hemisphere was contaminated by either late fallout from tests in June or by interhemispheric mixing or by a combination of these sources. (author)

Radiation exposure estimation from patient treated by I-131

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lahfi, Y.; Anjak, O.

2012-09-01

Radioactive iodine is the main radiopharmaceutical substance in the nuclear medicine field which used in diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from thyroid cancer; thus it can be considered as the main source of the public and patient relative exposure. In this study, 192 patients were selected randomly and their radiation dose rate was measured at different levels of the patient's body (thyroid, knee, bladder) after one, twenty four and forty eight hours from availing the prescript quantity of the I-131. The collected data may serve in estimating the worker and public exposure related to the patient treated by I-131. (authors)

131I-19-iodocholesterol adrenal scanning in Cushing's syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Charbonnel, B.; Chatal, J.F.; Chupin, M.; Guillon, J.

1976-01-01

7 patients were investigated: 2 bilateral hyperplasia due to pituitary ACTH excess showed bilateral adrenal activity. 1 post-surgical remnant with recurrent Cushing's syndrome was detected. 1 adenoma showed unilateral intense activity and absent activity in the controlateral gland, even after ACTH treatment. 2 carcinomas were weakly imaged. In 1 case, hepatic metastasis showed 131 I-19-iodocholesterol uptake. Adrenal imaging with 131 I-19-iodocholesterol is not a good procedure for assessing hormonal function. It is a valuable and safe tool in the localization and diagnosis of adrenal lesions causing Cushing's syndrome, perhaps better than radiologic procedures. Radiation dosimetry is acceptable [fr

An experimental study on the antitumor effect of 131I-17-AAG in vitro and in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Wenyong, Tu; Lu, Liu; Daozhen, Chen; Weidong, Yin; Ying, Huang

2009-02-01

To observe the antitumor effect of (131)I-17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin ((131)I-17-AAG) in vitro/in vivo and explore its antitumor mechanism with a view to its potential therapeutic application. (131)I-17-AAG was prepared by the reaction of 17-AAG with Na [(131)I] in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of (131)17-AAG on cell growth inhibition and cell cycle distribution in vitro were studied in BEL-7402 cells lines. Following BEL-7402 tumor implantation by subcutaneous xenografts into nude mice, the reagents were injected through the tail vein, and the tumor volume was measured and analyzed. At the end of the experiment, tumor specimens were processed for histopathological analysis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to investigate apoptosis. The expression change of Akt2 was tested by Western-blot analysis. Methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay showed inhibition rates of 27.7 +/- 5.3%, 57.3 +/- 4.3%, and 63.7 +/- 3.1%, in Na(131)I group, 17-AAG group, and (131)I-17-AAG group, respectively. The inhibition rate in the (131)I-17-AAG group differed significantly between N(a131)I group and 17-AAG group (F = 229.49, P AAG group, and (131)I-17-AAG group, respectively. Following infusion for 32 days, the tumor volumes in the (131)I-17-AAG group were significantly smaller than those in the DMSO group (F = 24.18, P AAG inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and induced apoptosis. The expression of Akt2 in (131)I-17-AAG was significantly lower than that in the DMSO group or (131)I group. (131)I-17-AAG can effectively inhibit the growth of BEL-7402 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (131)I-17-AAG is a promising agent for the treatment of BEL-7402 cell tumor.

Iodine-131 treatment and chromosomal damage: in vivo dose-effect relationship.

Science.gov (United States)

Erselcan, Taner; Sungu, Selma; Ozdemir, Semra; Turgut, Bulent; Dogan, Derya; Ozdemir, Ozturk

2004-05-01

Although it is well known that radiation induces chromosomal aberrations, there is a lack of information on the in vivo dose-effect relationship in patients receiving iodine-131 treatment, and the results of previous studies are controversial. In this study, the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) method was employed to investigate acute and late chromosomal damage (CD) in the peripheral lymphocytes of 15 patients who received various doses of (131)I (259-3,700 MBq), either for thyrotoxicosis (TTX) or for ablation treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The SCE frequencies in cultured peripheral lymphocytes were determined before treatment (to assess basal SCE frequencies), on the 3rd day (to assess acute SCE frequencies) and 6 months later (to assess late SCE frequencies). The basal, acute and late SCE frequencies (mean+/-SD) were 3.19+/-0.93, 10.83+/-1.72 and 5.75+/-2.06, respectively, in the whole group, and these values differed significantly from each other ( Pdisappearance of damaged lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation in a dose-dependent manner following (131)I treatment. Further studies are therefore needed to clarify the effect of the negative beta value on the biological dosimetry approach in continuous internal low LET radiation, as in the case of (131)I treatment.

Preoperative F-18-FDG PET for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with negative I-131 whole body scans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Byun, Byung Hyun; Urn, Sang Moo; Cheon, Gi Jeong; Choi, Chang Woon; Lee, Byeong Cheol; Lee, Guk Haeng; Lee, Yong Sik; Shim, Youn Sang

2007-01-01

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with negative I-131 scan. All patients had total thyroidectomy and following I-131 ablation therapy. In the follow-up period, FDG-PET showed suspected cervical lymph nodes metastases and neck dissection was performed within 3 months after FDG-PET. It had shown for all patients the negative I-131 scan within 3 months before FDG-PET or negative I-131 scan during the period of cervical lymph nodes metastases suspected on the basis of FDG-PET, CT, or ultrasonography until the latest FDG-PET. Preoperative FDG-PET results were compared with the pathologic findings of lymph nodes specimens of 19 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Serum Tg, TSH, and Tg antibody levels at the time of latest I-131 scan were reviewed. The size of lymph node was measured by preoperative CT or ultrasonography. In 45 cervical lymph node groups dissected, 31 lymph node groups revealed metastasis. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for metastasis were 74.2% (23 of 31) and 50.0% (7 of 14), respectively. Except for patients with elevated Tg antibody levels, all patients showed the elevated serum Tg levels than normal limits at the TSH of =30uIU/ml. 8 lesions without suspected metastatic findings on FDG-PET revealed metastasis (false negative), and none of them exceeded 8mm in size (4 to 8mm, median= 6mm). On the other hand, 23 true positive lesions on FDG-PET were variable in size (6 to 17mm, median=9mm). FDG-PET is suitable for the detection of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, false positive or false negative should be considered according to the size of lymph node

Investigation of therapeutic efficiency of phenytoin (PHT) labeled with radioactive 131I in the cancer cell lines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cansu Uzaras; Ugur Avcibasi; Hasan Demiroglu; Emin Ilker Medine; Ayfer Yurt KiIcar; Fazilet Zuemruet Biber Mueftueler; Perihan Uenak

2016-01-01

The aim of this study is to determine the incorporations of PHT radiolabeled with 131 I ( 131 I-PHT) on U-87 MG, Daoy and A549 cancerous cell lines. For this, cold and radio-labeling studies were carried out. The radiolabeling yield of 131 I-PHT was obtained about 95 %. Subsequently, cell culture studies were carried out and radio-labeling yields of 131 I, 131 I-PHT on U-87 MG, Daoy and A549 cancerous cells were investigated. Cell culture studies demonstrated that the incorporation values of 131 IPHT on the three cell lines decreased with increasing radioactivity. Consequently, 131 I-PHT may be a good radiopharmaceutical for targeting radionuclide therapy of Central Nervous System Tumors. (author)

Percutaneous laser ablation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Science.gov (United States)

Papini, Enrico; Bizzarri, Giancarlo; Pacella, Claudio M

2008-10-01

Percutaneous image-guided procedures, largely based on thermal ablation, are at present under investigation for achieving a nonsurgical targeted cytoreduction in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. In several uncontrolled clinical trials and in two randomized clinical trials, laser ablation has demonstrated a good efficacy and safety for the shrinkage of benign cold thyroid nodules. In hyperfunctioning nodules, laser ablation induced a nearly 50% volume reduction with a variable frequency of normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Laser ablation has been tested for the palliative treatment of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas, local recurrences or distant metastases. Laser ablation therapy is indicated for the shrinkage of benign cold nodules in patients with local pressure symptoms who are at high surgical risk. The treatment should be performed only by well trained operators and after a careful cytological evaluation. Laser ablation does not seem to be consistently effective in the long-term control of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules and is not an alternative treatment to 131I therapy. Laser ablation may be considered for the cytoreduction of tumor tissue prior to external radiation therapy or chemotherapy of local or distant recurrences of thyroid malignancy that are not amenable to surgical or radioiodine treatment.

The curative effect analysis of 131I-therapy on patients with Graves' disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui Qin; Lu Shujun; Lu Tianhe

2002-01-01

To investigate the curative effect of 131 I-therapy on Graves' disease, the authors analyse conditions of patients who have received 131 I-therapy (n -674). These results showed that the incidence of fully recover, improve, Graves' disease and invalid is 80.11%, 7.28%, 11.87% and 0.74% respectively. Therefore, 131 I-therapy on Graves' disease is convenient. It has little side effect, low cost and better curative effect, it is one of the best therapeutic methods to treat hyperthyroidism

Consecutive Renal Scanning with {sup 131}I And {sup 203}Hg in Obstructive Uropathy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poshyachinda, V. [Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok (Thailand)

1969-05-15

Two patients with obstructive uropathy were scanned after injections of {sup 131}I sodium orthoiodohippurate (OlH) and {sup 203}Hg chlormerodrin. The {sup 131}I OIH scan was performed 30 min after the injection with the patient in the prone position. The {sup 203}Hg chlormerodrin was injected as soon as a negligible amount of {sup 131}I OIH was detected over the kidney, and the patient was scanned again 30 min later. A third patient and a normal subject were scanned 20 min after the simultaneous injection of {sup 131}I OIH and {sup 203}Hg chlormerodrin. Three scans with different analyser settings were done in sequence. The first scan was done with a window setting for {sup 131}I, and the second scan included both {sup 131}I and {sup 203}Hg; in the third scan, the analyser was set for {sup 203}Hg only. Evidence of hydronephroses, hydroureter and the residual functioning renal tissue were demonstrated by this scanning technique. The intravenous pyelograms in all three cases had failed to give satisfactory results. The simultaneous injection technique was found advantageous over the separate injection technique. (author)

The observation of the therapeutic effectiveness of 131I on 260 youngster with Grave's hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Binwen; Gao Xiusheng; Zhang Yahua; Pu Dongli

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect and find new ways on treatment of Grave's hyperthyroidism in youngsters. Methods: 260 Grave's hyperthyroidism patients (age under 21 years) treated with 131 I were followed up 1-16 years later. Results: 118 of all patients were cured and 55 cases improved, failed treatment 2 cases, subclinical hypothyroidism 9 cases, clinical hypothyroidism 6 cases. 35 cases were treated with 131 I two or three times. All the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism caused by 131 I were cured with medicine. 131 I treatment had no effect on growth and mentality and didn't cause leukemia nor thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The therapy of youngsters with Grave's hyperthyroidism with 131 I has the same effectiveness as adult. To the youngster Grave's patients who failed medical treatment, therapy with 131 I is safe and effective. It leads to temporary hypothyroidism which can be cured with medicine, no delayed hypothyroidism has been found

Successful repeat transcatheter ablation of a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma 6 years after alcohol embolization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cook, Gary J. R.; Fogelman, Ignac; Reidy, John F.

1997-01-01

Recurrent hyperparathyroidism is rare following transcatheter ablation of mediastinal parathyroid adenomas. When it occurs it is usually early and resistant to further attempts at ablation. We present a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism in whom two surgical attempts at cure had been unsuccessful. Subsequently, a mediastinal adenoma was demonstrated angiographically and embolized with absolute alcohol. Hyperparathyroidism recurred 6 years later and the mediastinal adenoma was subsequently successfully ablated a second time by angiographic embolization with ionic contrast medium

Thyroid uptake of I-131 during anti-thyroid drug treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoque, M.; Alam, F.; Haque, F.S.; Karim, M.A.; Fariduddin, M.

2004-01-01

Hyperthyroidism is a global ailment and its treatment is very promising either by ant-thyroid drug or by radioiodine. Iodine-131 uptake test is very important for evaluation of hyperthyroid in respect to its therapy and to exclude thyroiditis. This study was performed to observe the thyroid uptake pattern during intake of anti-thyroid medicine and workout the possibility to start I-131 therapy just after withdraw of antithyroid drug without waiting few days. In this study total 252 patient's I-131 uptake test is performed. Among the patient 135 (53.57%) were female, 117 (64.43%) were male. All this patients were hyperthyroid both clinically and biochemically. Thyroid uptake was taken to all patients at 24 hours after oral administration of 5 to 10 micro-curie of I -131. Uptake was taken by an uptake system and recorded as percentage uptake. These patients are grouped into three categories. Group-A-newly diagnosed cases, who have not taken antithyroid drug or I-131 therapy, there were 82 patients in this group, and their mean uptake was 37.12 ±18.5%. Group B - this group of patients were studied during intake of antithyroid medicine, there were 130 patients in this group and their mean uptake was 34.34±16.0%. Group-B patients were further divided in two sub-groups, patients having antithyroid drug for 1 to 3 weeks (group-B 1), group B1 have mean uptake 37±21% and those were taking antithyroid for 3 weeks to 2 years (group-B2), group B2 have uptake 34.34±20%. Group C- these patients are taken from those patients who had withdrawn antithyroid drug for 3 days to 3 months, there were 40 such patients. Group C further divided into two sub-group, group-C1 (stopped for 3-10 days) and group C2 (stopped for 11 days to 3 months). Group C1 had mean uptake 38±16% and group C2 had mean uptake 35±19%. From this study it is observed that Iodine-131 uptake percentage of untreated hyperthyroid; during antithyroid drug treatment and after withdraw of antithyroid drug almost

Preliminary clinical experience of pulmonary scintigraphy using [sup 131]I-HIPDM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiahe, Tian [Department of Medicine, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing (China); and others

1992-02-01

The metabolic imaging of lungs using [sup 131]I-HIPDM, a tracer known to bind to the amino-receptor in pancreas and lungs, was carried out on 44 subjects. In the normal non-smoker group (n = 8), the tracer was found to be uniformly distributed throughout the lung, with slow clearance in bi-exponential mode after peak of concentration in about 30 sec; while in the normal smoker (n = 8), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of both smoker (n = 7) and non-smoker (n = 12), and patients with asthma (n = 5), the distribution as well as the parameters of clearance of [sup 131]I-HIPDM were significantly different. In conclusion: (1) [sup 131]I-HEPDM could reveal some characteristics of pulmonary metabolism of amine in various physiological as well as pathological status; (2) the washout of the tracer from lung was correlated with clinical ventilation functions; (3) smoking is one of the determinant factors of lung metabolic function; (4) the pulmonary metabolic imaging using [sup 131]I-HIPDM was of value in detecting lung disease, especially the functional damages caused by various factors.

Nose swabs and urinalysis as indicators of exposure to I-131

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barrall, R. C.

1963-06-15

During a maintenance operation on the Aromour Research Reactor, a heat lamp, which was drying a valve, caused a small quantity of I/sup 131/ become airborne. A continuous air monitor sampling in the area gave the alarm and the area ntified by the use of a 256 channel analyzer. Nose swabs of the personnel involved were taken and 24 hour urine samples were obtained. A single channel analyzer was set up, calibrated for I/sup 131/ and thyroid counts were started several hours after the incident. The thyroid count rose during the first 24 hour period and then declined closely following the 8 day half life of I/sup 131/. The urine Samples were analyzed by two different gamma counting techniques. Portions of the 24 hour urine sample were also sent to a commercial urinalysis service and analysis for I/sup 131/specifically requested. The results of the commercial service in this instance appeared to be poor. Nose swabs taken immediately after the incident were analyzed using a NaI well crystal. The average value of the ratio mu c on nose swabs to mu c in thyroid was found to be 2.6 x 1-/sup -1/ with all values within a factor of 6. The average value of the ratio mu c in 24 hour urine sample to mu c in thyroid was 5.7 with all values within a factor of 2. It would appear that at short times after a suspected exposure to I/sup 131/ nose swabs and urine samples are both useful in making a rapid assessment of exposure. The data presented are based on 10 subjects. (auth)

The effect of 131I on apoptosis of thyrocytes in patients with Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai Min; Li Xianfeng; Feng Xiaoyan; Chen Haibin; Liu Jianzhong; Zhao Deshan; Li Sijin; He Zouxiang

2011-01-01

Objective: To investigate the effect of 131 I on apoptosis of thyrocytes in patients with Graves disease. Methods: Forty-seven patients with Graves disease were divided into two groups, two week group (G 2w ) and four week group (G 4w ). All patients underwent thyroid needle biopsy before 131 I treatment and the repeated biopsy at two weeks (G 2w ) or four weeks (G 4w ) after 131 I treatment. The positive units of pro-apoptotic proteins (Fas, FasL) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) were studied with immunohistochemistry staining. The differences of the two groups were compared with t-test. Liner correlation analysis was applied to study the correlation between 131 I dose and apoptosis-related proteins and that between serum sTSH after 131 I treatment and apoptosis-related proteins. Results: Fas, FasL and Bcl-2 expression (positive units) were significantly increased in both groups after 131 I treatment, G 2w :22.84±9.31 vs 16.20±6.75, 21.13±6.29 vs 14.56±4.06, 21.69±7.83 vs 15.22±5.94, t=-3.08, -3.73, -4.05 (all P 4w : 21.69±4.52 vs 15.83±5.03, 19.11±3.75 vs 14.02±4.98, 19.06±3.44 vs 16.63±4.73, t =-5.26, -5.00, -2.41 (all P 2w and G 4w (t =0.53, 0.82, 1.46, all P>0.05). Significant correlation was found between 131 I 0.727, r FasL =0.763 (both P Bcl-2 =- 0.094, 0.102(both P > 0.05). There were significant correlation between serum sTSH three months after 131 I treatment and apoptosis-related proteins, r Fas = 0.433, r FasL = 0. 601, r Bcln2 = - 0.397, (all P 131 I can induce thyrocytes to express the pro-apoptotic proteins in patients with Graves disease. (authors)

Clinical comparison of I-131 orthoiodohippurate and the kit formulation of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taylor, A. Jr.; Ziffer, J.A.; Steves, A.; Eshima, D.; Delaney, V.B.; Welchel, J.D.

1989-01-01

Previous studies in animals and humans have shown that technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) purified by high-performance liquid chromatography is a renal tubular agent with characteristics similar to those of iodine-131 orthoiodohippurate (OIH). A kit formulation for Tc-99m MAG3 has been developed and compared with I-131 OIH in 17 patients with suspected renal dysfunction and three potential kidney donors. There were no adverse reactions. Tc-99m MAG3 images were of good quality and consistently better than I-131 OIH images. There was no significant difference in the relative renal uptake of Tc-99m MAG3 and I-131 OIH. The 30-minute urinary excretion of Tc-99m MAG3 was 36.4%, versus 40.4% for I-131 OIH. The average plasma clearance of Tc-99m MAG3 (138 mL/min +/- 117) was less than that of I-131 OIH (272 mL/min +/- 205) (P less than .001); however, there was good correlation between the Tc-99m MAG3 and I-131 OIH clearances (r = .87). The volume of distribution of Tc-99m MAG3 (5.96 L +/- 1.94) was less than that of I-131 OIH (9.41 L +/- 3.73) (P less than .001). These characteristics and the advantages of a simple kit formulation should lead to widespread clinical use

131I-therapy of graves' disease and non-immunogenic thyrotoxicosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoeschel, M.; Heinze, H.G.

1984-01-01

From 1977 to 1982, 315 patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis with diffuse and/or nodular goitre or Graves' disease were treated with 131 I. In 246 patients, the results of treatment after 7 months to 5 1/2 years could be evaluated. After a single treatment with 131 I, 72% of the patients with hyperthyroid nodular goitre and 61% of those with diffuse goitre, but only 36% of the patients with Graves' disease showed normal thyroid function. By repeated 131 I treatments - as many as 5 for those with Graves' disease - normal thyroid function could be achieved in nearly all patients examined. Patients with immune thyrotoxicosis, type Graves' disease, showed a high resistance to therapy. A dependence was found between the results of these treatments and previous antithyroidal drug therapy or surgery. The rate of hypothyroidism varied between 4 and 15%. The highest rate of hypothyroidism was observed in operated patients with persistent or recurring thyrotoxicosis. (orig.) [de

131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine in the treatment of neuroblastoma at diagnosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mastrangelo, R.; Troncone, L.; Lasorella, A.; Riccardi, R.; Montemaggi, P.; Rufini, V.

1989-01-01

Radioactive metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) is taken up specifically by neuroblastoma cells and appears to represent a new treatment modality in patients with advanced neuroblastoma. Taking into account the fact that all patients so far treated were heavily pretreated and resistant to chemotherapy, the results obtained appear encouraging. In order to explore further the potential role of this new drug in untreated patients, we treated with 131 I-MIBG a child with stage III neuroblastoma at diagnosis. We observed the complete disappearance of a large abdominal tumor mass after a relatively low dosage of 131 I-MIBG, with minimal hematologic toxicity. No further treatment was given and, at present, the patient is alive with no evidence of disease 18 months from diagnosis. This child represents, to our knowledge, the only case of neuroblastoma thus far treated at diagnosis and the excellent response obtained suggests the need for further investigations of this therapy in untreated patients

Preparation of a radioactive boron compound (B-I-131-lipiodol) for neutron capture therapy of hepatoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chou, F.I.; Chung, H.P.; Chung, R.J.; Wen, H.W.; Wei, Y.Y.; Kai, J.J.; Lui, W.Y.; Chi, C.W.

2000-01-01

In our research, a radioactive boron compound, B-I-131-lipiodol, that can be selectively retained in hepatoma cells was prepared. Combining the effect of α particles produced by boron neutron capture reaction with the β particles released by radionuclides in the radioactive boron compounds will produce a synergistic killing effect on cancer cells. Human hepatoma HepG2 cell cultures were used to examine the stability and the intracellular distribution of the radioactive boron drug. Microscopes were used to examine the interaction and retention of B-I-131-lipiodol globules in the individual hepatoma cell. Moreover, ICP-AES and NaI scintillation counter were performed to determine boron concentrations and I-131 radioactivity, respectively. Results showed that B-I-131-lipiodol with a boron concentration and a specific radioactivity ranged from 500-2000 ppm and 0.05-10 mCi/mL respectively was stably retained in serum. The radiochemical purity of B-I-131-lipiodol was 98%. After supplement with a medium containing B-I-131-lipiodol, the HepG2 cells had intracellular B-I-131-lipiodol globules in the cytoplasm as seen by inverted light microscope, the I-131 and boron can be stably retained in HepG2 cells. (author)

I-131 Therapy in patients with hyperthyroidism 11- year follow-up

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radeva, M.

2007-01-01

subjects with successful treatment the uptake at the various follow-up intervals drops by 38.0%-62.0%, 57,41% of patients are euthyroid, 12,96% are hypothyroid and 29,63% are hyperthyroid. The hypothyroid status is accepted as effective treatment results. Definitive treatment is determined in 70.37% at 6 month. The second control performed 12 months later presents 67,57% euthyroid patients, 13,5% hypothyroid patients and 18,91% hyperthyroid patients. Definitive treatment is determined in 81.07% at 12 months.The control measurements after 18 months showed 58,33% euthyroid patients, 25,0% hypothyroid patients and 16,67% hyperthyroid patients. Definitive treatment is determined in 83.33% at 18 month and this trend is observed in follow-up tests. Significant reduction in the uptake at observed for all measurements (all p<0,001).The change in estimated thyroid mass in subjects treated for hyperthyroidism with radioiodine was 32-48% and this correlates with moderate to severe thyroid atrophy caused by the applies activity 185-222 MBq. There is a significant reduction in the mean estimated mass at months 6 and 12. Conclusions: 1.131-I therapy is a useful, economical and effective treatment and is more successful therapy than surgery. A euthyroid condition of the patient is required in definitive radioiodine treatment. 2. For the assessment of the treatment effect and or establishment of disease relapse, the follow- up period for 24 months after treatment is required. 3. Hypothyroid status after radioiodine treatment is an indicator for successful treatment. 4. The change in estimated thyroid mass in subjects treated for hyperthyroidism with radioiodine varies 32- 48% and this correlates with moderate to severe thyroid atrophy caused by the given activity 148- 370 MBq. 5. The variety of the radioiodine uptake and the thyroid weight are indicators for assessment of therapy effectiveness. 6. The absorbed radioiodine dose in the thyroid gland is 55-220 Gy. This causes moderate to

Septal penetration correction in I-131 imaging following thyroid cancer treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Barrack, Fiona; Scuffham, James; McQuaid, Sarah

2018-04-01

Whole body gamma camera images acquired after I-131 treatment for thyroid cancer can suffer from collimator septal penetration artefacts because of the high energy of the gamma photons. This results in the appearance of ‘spoke’ artefacts, emanating from regions of high activity concentration, caused by the non-isotropic attenuation of the collimator. Deconvolution has the potential to reduce such artefacts, by taking into account the non-Gaussian point-spread-function (PSF) of the system. A Richardson–Lucy deconvolution algorithm, with and without prior scatter-correction was tested as a method of reducing septal penetration in planar gamma camera images. Phantom images (hot spheres within a warm background) were acquired and deconvolution using a measured PSF was applied. The results were evaluated through region-of-interest and line profile analysis to determine the success of artefact reduction and the optimal number of deconvolution iterations and damping parameter (λ). Without scatter-correction, the optimal results were obtained with 15 iterations and λ  =  0.01, with the counts in the spokes reduced to 20% of the original value, indicating a substantial decrease in their prominence. When a triple-energy-window scatter-correction was applied prior to deconvolution, the optimal results were obtained with six iterations and λ  =  0.02, which reduced the spoke counts to 3% of the original value. The prior application of scatter-correction therefore produced the best results, with a marked change in the appearance of the images. The optimal settings were then applied to six patient datasets, to demonstrate its utility in the clinical setting. In all datasets, spoke artefacts were substantially reduced after the application of scatter-correction and deconvolution, with the mean spoke count being reduced to 10% of the original value. This indicates that deconvolution is a promising technique for septal penetration artefact reduction that

Comparative study between 131I-MIBG scintigraphy and other tumor markers in diagnosis of neuroblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohsawa, Yoshihiro; Iwafuchi, Makoto; Odano, Ikuo; Yamagiwa, Iwao.

1989-01-01

In order to prove the clinical usefulness in diagnosis of neuroblastoma, comparative studies between iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG) scintigraphy and other related tumor markers were attempted. Sixteen children diagnosed as having a neuroblastoma in recent 2 years were examined. In 5 postoperative patients in complete remission, who were negative to other tumor markers, showed no pathological accumulation of 131 I-MIBG (specificity 100%). In other 11 patients with remains of neuroblastoma, 131 I-MIBG was negative only in 2 patients (sensitivity 82%) and these 2 patients showed negative urinary excretion of catecholamine metabolites (VMA). (Negative urinary VMA was proved in 3 of 11 patients). Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated in all 8 preoperative patients, but only in 2 of 11 postoperative patients. On the other hand 131 I-MIBG was positive in 9 among these 11 postoperative patients in whom neuroblastoma remained. Similar relationship was obtained between 131 I-MIBG scintigraphy and serum LDH. On the basis of our present experience, we like to regard 131 I-MIBG scintigraphy as one of the most sensitive parameters for neuroblastoma during a follow-up period after treatment. (author)

The Successful Treatment of Elephantiasis Nostras Verrucosa With Ablative Carbon Dioxide Laser.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Caitlin G; Lee, Kory R; Thomas, Valencia D

2018-03-01

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) is a disfiguring skin condition that is difficult to treat. Existing treatment modalities serve to improve cosmesis or treat symptoms. Herein, we report a case of ENV with lymphocutaneous fistula successfully treated with ablative carbon dioxide laser. A 57-year-old woman with biopsy-proven ENV with lymphocutaneous fistula was treated with ablative carbon dioxide laser to the symptomatic area of her right thigh in 3 treatment sessions over 6 months. The patient had resolution of lymphocutaneous drainage as well as 90% improvement in the appearance of ENV lesions at the 1-month follow-up visit. Ablative carbon dioxide laser may provide cosmetic, symptomatic, and medical benefit for patients with localized ENV.

Clinical investigation of 131I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Haiqing; Wu Bian

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate the clinical curative effects of 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease. Methods: Patients with Graves disease took lithium carbonate (250 mg, once per day) orally for 5 weeks. Then they were treated with 131 I (doses=3.15 MBq(80 uCi)/g, based on 60%-70% of the thyroid size). We kept track from 6 to 24 months (averaging 14 months) and classified the results into three: cured, improved or no effect. Results: After a single cycle of 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate, 106 patients with Graves disease were cured, 28 were improved and 8 saw no effects, respectively 74.6%, 19.7% and 5.6% among the 142 patients. We then treated 23 of them with another 131 I therapy (without lithium carbonate). 10 of such were cured (43.5%), 8 were improved (34.8%) and the other 5 saw no effects. Among all patients, hypothyroidism was observed from 25(17.6%), 6 months after the first 131 I therapy. Conclusions: Notable curative results were observed from 131 I therapy combined with low-dose lithium carbonate for Graves disease. Moreover, the dosage of 131 I was therefore decreased, which also lowered the toxicity response. (authors)

Indication of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by impairment of pIPPA I 131 utilization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lenzhofer, R.; Dudczak, R.

1986-01-01

The present study was designed to evaluate if doxorubicin (D) can impair myocardial fatty acid utilization. To this end we studied the myocardial utilization of pIPPA I 131 in untreated (Co, n=6) and D (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal) treated rats. D was given 24 h (24 D, n=6) and 48 hours (48 D, n=6) before tracer administration. One min after i.v. pIPPA I 131 (50 μCi) injection, the hearts were rapidly removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, weighed, and counted. Following lipid extraction of homogenized heart extracts 131 I radioactivity distribution was analyzed by thin-layer chromatographity (TLC). In additional rat experiments, high energy phosphates (12 rats/group) and carnitine (20 rats/group) were determined enzymatically in heart extracts. The mean pIPPA uptake in rat heart (%dose/g) was 2.49 in Co, 1.74 in 24 D, and 2.36 in 48 D rats. Usually five peaks were separated by TLC, that with a mean Rf value of 0.92 corresponding to pIPPA I 131, the remaining four representing catabolites of pIPPA metabolism. The mean relative amount of unmetabolized pIPPA I 131 as compared to the sum of pIPPA I 131 catabolites was less in Co than in 24 D or 48 D rats (P<0.05) (anti x: 46.5% vs 72.4% vs 59.4%, respectively). The mean carnitine content of H extracts was higher in Co (0.55 μM/g) than in D treated rats (24 D, 0.42 μM/g; 48 D, 0.46 μM/g) (P<0.05). The total amount of higher energy phosphates was not different between the groups. However the mean ATP/AMP ratio was higher in Co (35.9) than in 24 D (22.3) or 48 D (27.1) rats (P<0.05). We conclude that D therapy is accompanied by a partial reversible impairment in myocardial pIPPA utilization, possibly mediated by carnitine deficiency. Thus, pIPPA I 131 might be useful in patients on D therapy to evaluate eventual D-induced effects on myocardial fatty acid utilization. (orig.)

Early change of thyroid hormone concentration after 131I treatment in patients with solitary toxic adenoma

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Pirnat, E.; Fidler, V.; Zaletel, K.; Gaberscek, S.; Hojker, S.

2002-01-01

Aim: In spite of extensive use of 131 I for treatment of hyperthyroidism, the results of early outcome are variable. In our prospective clinical study we tested whether 131 I induced necrosis causing clinical aggravation of hyperthyroidism and increasing the free thyroid hormone concentration in the serum of patients with solitary toxic adenoma not pretreated with antithyroid drugs. Patients and methods: 30 consecutive patients were treated with 925 MBq 131 I. Serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (fT 4 ), free triiodothyronine (fT 3 ), thyroglobulin (Tg), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after application of 131 I. Results: After application of 131 I no clinical worsening was observed. FT 4 and fT 3 concentration did not change significantly within the first five days, whereas both of them significantly decreased after 12 days (p 131 I induced necrosis of thyroid cells was found. Therefore, the application of 131 I may be considered as a safe and effective treatment for patients with hyperthyroidism due to toxic adenoma. (orig.)

Thyroidal uptake and retention of 131I by pregnant and fetal guinea pigs

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Book, S.A.; McNeill, D.A.

1975-01-01

Preliminary studies on thyroidal 131 I concentration by fetal guinea pigs indicate a peak uptake approximately 7 times that of the maternal gland, with an effective half-life of less than 2 days. The resultant dose was estimated to be 37 rads for the maternal gland and from 60 to 81 rads for the fetal gland per microcurie administered. From 1 to 11 days after maternal injection of 131 I, amniotic fluid contained more 131 I per liter than did fetal blood which in turn had a greater concentration than did maternal blood

131I treatment for thyroid cancer and risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism: a cohort study

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