Morphology, molecules, and monogenean parasites: an example of an integrative approach to cichlid biodiversity.

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Maarten Van Steenberge

Full Text Available The unparalleled biodiversity of Lake Tanganyika (Africa has fascinated biologists for over a century; its unique cichlid communities are a preferred model for evolutionary research. Although species delineation is, in most cases, relatively straightforward, higher-order classifications were shown not to agree with monophyletic groups. Here, traditional morphological methods meet their limitations. A typical example are the tropheine cichlids currently belonging to Simochromis and Pseudosimochromis. The affiliations of these widespread and abundant cichlids are poorly understood. Molecular work suggested that genus and species boundaries should be revised. Moreover, previous morphological results indicated that intraspecific variation should be considered to delineate species in Lake Tanganyika cichlids. We review the genera Simochromis and Pseudosimochromis using an integrative approach. Besides a morphometric study and a barcoding approach, monogenean Cichlidogyrus (Platyhelminthes: Ancyrocephalidae gill parasites, often highly species-specific, are used as complementary markers. Six new species are described. Cichlidogyrus raeymaekersi sp. nov., C. muterezii sp. nov. and C. banyankimbonai sp. nov. infect S. diagramma. Cichlidogyrus georgesmertensi sp. nov. was found on S. babaulti and S. pleurospilus, C. franswittei sp. nov. on both S. marginatus and P. curvifrons and C. frankwillemsi sp. nov. only on P. curvifrons. As relatedness between Cichlidogyrus species usually reflects relatedness between hosts, we considered Simochromis monotypic because the three Cichlidogyrus species found on S. diagramma belonged to a different morphotype than those found on the other Simochromis. The transfer of S. babaulti, S. marginatus, S. pleurospilus and S. margaretae to Pseudosimochromis was justified by the similarity of their Cichlidogyrus fauna and the intermediate morphology of S. margaretae. Finally parasite data also supported the synonymy between S

Molecular characterization of muscle-parasitizing didymozoid from a chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus.

Science.gov (United States)

Abe, Niichiro; Okamoto, Mitsuru

2015-09-01

Didymozoids found in the muscles of marine fish are almost always damaged because they are usually found after being sliced. Therefore, identifying muscle-parasitizing didymozoids is difficult because of the difficulty in collecting non-damaged worms and observing their organs as key points for morphological identification. Moreover, muscle-parasitizing didymozoids are not easily found because they parasitize at the trunk muscles. Therefore, muscle-parasitizing didymozoid classification has not progressed because there are few opportunities to detect them. Our recent report was the first to describe the usefulness of sequencing analysis for discrimination among muscle-parasitizing didymozoids. Recently, we found a didymozoid in the trunk muscle of a chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. The present study genetically compares the present isolate with other muscle-parasitizing didymozoids. The present isolate differs markedly from the previously unidentified didymozoid from an Atlantic mackerel S. scombrus by phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA. It also differs from other muscle-parasitizing didymozoids from other host species based on phylogenetic analyses of 18S, 28S rDNAs, and coxI loci. These results suggest that sequencing analysis is useful for the discrimination of muscle-parasitizing didymozoids. Combining the present data with earlier data for sequencing analysis, muscle-parasitizing didymozoids from seven marine fish species were classified as seven species. We proposed appellations for six distinct muscle-parasitizing didymozoids for future analysis: sweetlips fish type from Diagramma pictum and Plectorhinchus cinctus, red sea bream type from Pagrus major, flying fish type from Cypselurus heterurus, Atlantic mackerel type from Scomber scombrus, chub mackerel type from S. japonicus, and purple rockcod type from Epinephelus cyanopodus.

Analysis of Scan Records with a Recording Densitometer - The ''Re-Scanner''; Etude d'un Grand Collimateur a Focalisation et Fort Pouvoir de Resolution: Resultats; Analiz skenogramm s pomoshch'yu registriruyushchego densitometra - ''re-skenner''; Diseno y Funcionamiento de un Gran Colimador Enfocado de Alto Poder de Resolucion

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Harris, C. C.; Bell, P. R.; Satterfield, M. M.; Ross, D. A.; Jordan, J. C. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN (United States)

1964-10-15

kontrastnosti. Porogovyj kontrol' d a et ljuboj ''sokrashhennyj uroven'' vybora. Rabota provoditsja bystro, i diagramma mozhet byt' reskennirovana v techenie nebol'shogo promezhutka vremeni, neobhodim ogo dlja poluchenija pervonachal'nogo izobrazhenija. Issledovanija v oblasti klinicheskogo skennirovanija pochti ljubogo organa ili rajona., predstavljajushhego interes, pokazyvajut, chto rerazvertyvatel' daet informaciju, ne vidimuju snachala na di agram mah pri pervonachal'nom skennirovanii. Jeto bylo osobenno poleznym pri opredelenii st atisticheskogo znachenija nebol'shih izmenenij v kojefficiente scheta pri skennirujushhem izobrazhenii. . Pri diagrammah, poluchennyh metodom skennirovanija, bol'shogo dinamicheskogo diapazo n a , gle nikakoj otdel'nyj sokrashhennyj urov en' udovletv orit el'no ne pokazy vaet vse rajony, predstavljajushhie interes, vnov' byli neobhodimy rerazvertyvateli na nekotoryh sokrashhennyh urovnjah. V popytke preodolet' je t u trudnost' ispol'zovalsja dvuhdiapazonnyj chuvstvitel'nyj jel em en t , kotoryj ohvatyvaet rajon registracii vokrug o bl a sti nabljudenija glavnogo chuvstvitel'nogo jel em en t a . Po krajnej m er e , vozmozhny tri vida jek s pluatacii pribora s dvuhdiapazonnym chuvstvitel'nym jelemen tom: 1) ''normal'naja'' je k s pluatacija; 2) ignorirovanie obshhej plotnosti izobrazhenija i reakcija tol'ko na nebol'shie izmenenija, ustanavlivaja takim obrazom svoj sobstvennyj sokrashhennyj uroven'; 3) soobshhenie tol'ko o vnezapnyh izmenenijah v plotnosti registracii. Po-vidimomu, vozmozhny takzhe drugie vidy. Jeto sravnitel'no prostoj i nedorogostojashhij pribor obespechivaet okazanie cennoj pomoshhi v interpretacii diagramm, proizvedennyh metodom skennirovanija. (author)

Some Applications of Radioisotopes of Short Half-Life in the French Gas Industry; Quelques Applications des Radioelements a Periode Courte dans l'Industrie Gazoere Francaise; НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВИДЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ ГАЗОВОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ; Algunas Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periqdo Corto en la Industria Francesa del Gas

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Tellier, C. [Gaz de France, Paris (France); Courtois, G.; Gasnier, M. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay (France)

1963-03-15

jetoj apparatury. Poluchennaja posle rasshifrovki diagramma pokazyvaet dovol'no zametnyj maksimum dlja kazhdogo sluchaja utechki, kotoraja opredeljaetsja priblizitel'no v 2 m. Dlja provedenija dostovernogo obnaruzhenija neobhodimo, chtoby s utechkoj uhodilo do 20 mkkjuri. Dlja obnaruzhenija utechki gaza v raspredelitel'nyh trubah ispol'zovali mechennyj bromom-62 bromistyj metil, prigotovlennyj na meste iz Br{sup 82}NH{sub 4}. Posle vpryskivanija radioaktivnyj gaz gomogenizirovalsja putem cirkuljacii. Obnaruzhenie proizvodilos' na urovne zemli pri pomoshhi portativnyh scintilljacionnyh schetchikov. Ispytanija, kotorye eshhe prodolzhajutsja, uzhe pozvolili opredelit' neobhodimuju dlja primenenija aktivnost' i naibolee blagoprijatnye uslovija dlja obnaruzhenija razlichnyh tipov utechki. (author)

Scanning Techniques for Brain-Tumour, Localization; Techniques Scintigraphies pour la Iocalisation des Tumeurs Cerebrales; Tekhnika skennirovaniya pri opredelenii lokalizatsii opukholej mozga; Tecnicas Centelleograficas para la Localizacion de Tumores Cerebrales

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Duggan, M. H.; Brice, J.; Jones, E.; Mallard, J. R.; Myers, M. L. [Department Of Medical Physics, Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

1964-10-15

vstrechajushhiesja geometricheskie iskazhenija. Oni voznikajut i v otnoshenii bulavochnyh i matrichnyh apertur nabljudenija. Obsuzhdajutsja uluchshenija, dostignutye v rezul'tate rjada izmenenij, napravlennyh na ustranenie zavisimosti razmera izobrazhenija ot jenergii gamma-luchej. Analiz dannyh skennirovanija mozga predstavljaet trudnosti, esli skorost' scheta v issleduemoj oblasti tol'ko nemnogo vyshe, chem'v okruzhajushhej tkani. ''Normal'naja'' diagramma skorosti scheta dlja golovy byla opredelena na osnovanii razdelenija skennogrammy na rjad oblastej, kotorye javljajutsja priblizitel'no jekvivalentnymi anatomicheski u rjada pacientov i putem izmerenija skorosti scheta v predelah scentiskennograficheskih otmetok v kazhdoj oblasti. Pojetomu ljubuju patologicheskuju skennogrammu mozhno sravnivat' s jetoj diagrammoj. Pri takom analize pribegajut k schetno-vychislitel'nym metodam. Ispol'zovanie metoda postojannogo usrednenija takzhe imeet znachenie dlja uluchshenija vizual'nogo nabljudenija otklonenij ot normy vblizi granic detektirovanija v podvizhnyh detektornyh sistemah. Rassmatrivajutsja vozmozhnosti primenenija s jetoj cel'ju mnogokanal'nyh analizatorov i ispol'zovanija v to zhe vremja novogo cennogo vosproizvodjashhego ustrojstva kak dlja podvizhnoj, tak i stacionarnoj sistem. (author)