Estudo comparativo dos métodos coprológicos de Lutz, Kato-Katz e Faust modificado A comparative study of the coprologic methods of Lutz, Kato-Katz and the Faust modified

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Adelú Chaves

1979-12-01

Full Text Available Foram estudados, comparativamente, em 500 pacientes, os métodos de exames de fezes de Lutz, Faust modificado e Kato-Katz para o diagnóstico parasitológico de fezes. O método de Kato-Katz proporcionou maiores índices de positividade do que as outras duas técnicas no diagnóstico de ancilostomideos, T. trichiurus e S. mansoni. Nenhuma diferença foi observada quanto ao diagnóstico de A. lumbricoides. Para o diagnóstico das protozooses não houve diferença significativa entre os métodos de Faust modificado e de Lutz. Baseado nos dados obtidos, eficiência, simplicidade e rapidez de execução recomenda-se a associação dos métodos de Kato-Katz e Faust modificado na rotina de diagnóstico parasitológico de fezes.A comparative study was of the Lutz, Faust (modified, and Kato-Katz stool examination methods for parasitological diagnosis using 500 patients. The Kato-Katz method provided higher rates of positivity than the other two techniques in the diagnosis of Ancylostomidae, T. trichiurus, and S. mansoni. No differences were observed in the diagnosis of A. lumbicoides. Nor was a statistically significant difference observed in the diagnosis of protozoosis when using the Lutz and modified Faust methods. The data obtained led to a recommendation for an association of Kato-Katz and modified Faust methods for routine parasitological diagnosis due to Us simplicity, rapidity, and efficiency.

Comparing concentration methods: parasitrap® versus Kato-Katz for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Comparing concentration methods: parasitrap® versus Kato-Katz for studying the prevalence of Helminths in Bengo province, Angola. Clara Mirante, Isabel Clemente, Graciette Zambu, Catarina Alexandre, Teresa Ganga, Carlos Mayer, Miguel Brito ...

Quality evaluation of medicinal products and health foods containing chaste berry (Vitex agnus-castus) in Japanese, European and American markets.

Science.gov (United States)

Fukahori, Masahiro; Kobayashi, Shojiro; Naraki, Yoko; Sasaki, Takahiro; Oka, Hideki; Seki, Masaharu; Masada-Atsumi, Sayaka; Hakamatsuka, Takashi; Goda, Yukihiro

2014-01-01

The aim of present study was to evaluate the qualities of chaste berry (fruit of Vitex agnus-castus L.) preparations using HPLC fingerprint analysis. Seven medicinal products 1 from Japan and 6 from Europe, and 17 health foods, 6 from Japan and 11 from the United States were analyzed. HPLC profile and 26 authentic peaks were compared medicinal products and health foods. Whereas medicinal products had similar HPLC profiles, health foods had various profiles and each peak was also greatly different. The measured amounts of two markers in 5 traditional medicinal products, agnuside and casticin specified in the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) or the WHO monographs of chaste berry, were much lower than those in 2 medicinal products defined as "well-established use" by the European Medicines Agency. The amounts of two markers for 17 health foods differed in a great deal from 14-5054% and 3-1272%, respectively. Furthermore the amount ratios of two markers, agnuside/casticin, in about half of the health foods were remarkably larger than the standard crude drug and the ratios were closer to one of the related Chinese herbs, Vitex negundo L. It is concluded that a combination of HPLC fingerprints and the amount ratios of the marker compounds of chaste berry preparations serves as a useful tool to evaluate the qualities of these preparations.

The Storage of Thermal Reactor Safety Analysis data (STRESA)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanarro Colodron, J.

2016-01-01

Full text: Storage of Thermal Reactor Safety Analysis data (STRESA) is an online information system that contains three technical databases: 1) European Nuclear Research Facilities, open to all online visitors; 2) Nuclear Experiments, available only to registered users; 3) Results Data, being the core content of the information system, its availability depends on the role and organisation of each user. Its main purpose is to facilitate the exchange of experimental data produced by large Euratom funded scientific projects addressing severe accidents, providing at the same time a secure repository for this information. Due to its purpose and architecture, it has become an important asset for networks of excellence as SARNET or NUGENIA. The Severe Accident ResearchNetwork of Excellence (SARNET)was set up in 2004 under the aegis of the research Euratom Framework Programmes to study severe accidents in watercooled nuclear power plants. Coordinated by the IRSN, SARNET unites 43 organizations involved in research on nuclear reactor safety in 18 European countries plus the USA, Canada, South Korea and India. In 2013, SARNET became fully integrated in the Technical Area N2(TA2), named “Severe accidents” of NUGENIA association, devoted to R&D on fission technology of Generation II and III. (author

Pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu vecāku emocionālais intelekts un stresa līmenis saistībā ar vecāku audzināšanas pieejām

OpenAIRE

Pastare, Ilze

2007-01-01

Rezumējums Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot pirmsskolas vecuma bērnu vecāku emocionālā intelekta un stresa līmeņa rādītāju saistību ar audzināšanas pieejām. Kopā pētījumā piedalījās 41 māte. Vidējais vecums mātēm – 33 gadi, bērnu vidējais vecums – 5 gadi. Pētījumā tika izmantotas šādas metodes: “ Bar-On Emocionālā intelekta aptauja”, “Vecāku stresa indekss”, “ Alabamas audzināšanas aptaujas pirmsskolas versija”. Pētījumā tika noskaidrots, ka pastāv statistiski nozīmīga po...

Comparative cost assessment of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis in epidemiological surveys

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Speich Benjamin

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The Kato-Katz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in epidemiological surveys and is believed to be an inexpensive method. The FLOTAC technique shows a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of light-intensity soil-transmitted helminth infections but is reported to be more complex and expensive. We assessed the costs related to the collection, processing and microscopic examination of stool samples using the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques in an epidemiological survey carried out in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Methods We measured the time for the collection of a single stool specimen in the field, transfer to a laboratory, preparation and microscopic examination using standard protocols for the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques. Salaries of health workers, life expectancy and asset costs of materials, and infrastructure costs were determined. The average cost for a single or duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and the FLOTAC dual or double technique were calculated. Results The average time needed to collect a stool specimen and perform a single or duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears or the FLOTAC dual or double technique was 20 min and 34 sec (20:34 min, 27:21 min, 28:14 min and 36:44 min, respectively. The total costs for a single and duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were US$ 1.73 and US$ 2.06, respectively, and for the FLOTAC double and dual technique US$ 2.35 and US$ 2.83, respectively. Salaries impacted most on the total costs of either method. Conclusions The time and cost for soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis using either the Kato-Katz or FLOTAC method in epidemiological surveys are considerable. Our results can help to guide healthcare decision makers and scientists in budget planning and funding for epidemiological surveys, anthelminthic drug efficacy trials and monitoring of control interventions.

Kato expansion in quantum canonical perturbation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikolaev, Andrey

2016-01-01

This work establishes a connection between canonical perturbation series in quantum mechanics and a Kato expansion for the resolvent of the Liouville superoperator. Our approach leads to an explicit expression for a generator of a block-diagonalizing Dyson’s ordered exponential in arbitrary perturbation order. Unitary intertwining of perturbed and unperturbed averaging superprojectors allows for a description of ambiguities in the generator and block-diagonalized Hamiltonian. We compare the efficiency of the corresponding computational algorithm with the efficiencies of the Van Vleck and Magnus methods for high perturbative orders.

Kato expansion in quantum canonical perturbation theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikolaev, Andrey, E-mail: Andrey.Nikolaev@rdtex.ru [Institute of Computing for Physics and Technology, Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia and RDTeX LTD, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2016-06-15

This work establishes a connection between canonical perturbation series in quantum mechanics and a Kato expansion for the resolvent of the Liouville superoperator. Our approach leads to an explicit expression for a generator of a block-diagonalizing Dyson’s ordered exponential in arbitrary perturbation order. Unitary intertwining of perturbed and unperturbed averaging superprojectors allows for a description of ambiguities in the generator and block-diagonalized Hamiltonian. We compare the efficiency of the corresponding computational algorithm with the efficiencies of the Van Vleck and Magnus methods for high perturbative orders.

Oscillation estimates relative to p-homogeneous forms and Kato measures data

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Marco Biroli

2006-11-01

Full Text Available We state pointwise estimate for the positive subsolutions associated to a p-homogeneous form and nonnegative Radon measures data. As a by-product we establish an oscillation’s estimate for the solutions relative to Kato measures data.

Mini-FLOTAC and Kato-Katz: helminth eggs watching on the shore of Lake Victoria.

Science.gov (United States)

Barda, Beatrice; Zepherine, Henry; Rinaldi, Laura; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Burioni, Roberto; Clementi, Massimo; Albonico, Marco

2013-07-31

One of the challenges for monitoring helminth control programmes based on preventive chemotherapy is the lack of a copro-parasitological gold-standard method that combines good sensitivity with quantitative performance, low cost, and easy-to-learn technique.The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare, the WHO recommended quantitative diagnostic technique (Kato-Katz) and the Mini-FLOTAC. Mini-FLOTAC is an innovative method based on floatation of helminths eggs with two different solutions (FS2 and FS7) using a close system (Fill-FLOTAC) with 5% fixative. Kato-Katz was performed following WHO recommendation. The study was carried out in a rural part of Tanzania, close to Lake Victoria, where the laboratory facilities are fairly scarce, and the basic technique used in the local laboratory (direct smear) was taken as reference standard. 201 children were screened for intestinal helminths and 91% of them were found to be positive. The agreement among the three techniques was calculated with k Cohen coefficient and was fairly good (k = 0.4), although the Mini-FLOTAC results were more sensitive for hookworm (98%) with FS2, and for S.mansoni (90%) with FS7 followed by Kato-Katz (91% and 60% respectively) and direct smear (30% and 10% respectively). A good agreement was found between Mini-FLOTAC and Kato-Katz (k = 0.81) with FS7 (k = 0.76) for hookworm diagnosis and a fairly good one for S.mansoni diagnosis (k = 0.5). For both infections we had a poor agreement between the two quantitative techniques and the direct smear (kMcMaster) and in different settings where other soil-transmitted helminths are also endemic.

On-lattice agent-based simulation of populations of cells within the open-source Chaste framework.

Science.gov (United States)

Figueredo, Grazziela P; Joshi, Tanvi V; Osborne, James M; Byrne, Helen M; Owen, Markus R

2013-04-06

Over the years, agent-based models have been developed that combine cell division and reinforced random walks of cells on a regular lattice, reaction-diffusion equations for nutrients and growth factors; and ordinary differential equations for the subcellular networks regulating the cell cycle. When linked to a vascular layer, this multiple scale model framework has been applied to tumour growth and therapy. Here, we report on the creation of an agent-based multi-scale environment amalgamating the characteristics of these models within a Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) Exemplar Project. This project enables reuse, integration, expansion and sharing of the model and relevant data. The agent-based and reaction-diffusion parts of the multi-scale model have been implemented and are available for download as part of the latest public release of Chaste (Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment; http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/chaste/), part of the VPH Toolkit (http://toolkit.vph-noe.eu/). The environment functionalities are verified against the original models, in addition to extra validation of all aspects of the code. In this work, we present the details of the implementation of the agent-based environment, including the system description, the conceptual model, the development of the simulation model and the processes of verification and validation of the simulation results. We explore the potential use of the environment by presenting exemplar applications of the 'what if' scenarios that can easily be studied in the environment. These examples relate to tumour growth, cellular competition for resources and tumour responses to hypoxia (low oxygen levels). We conclude our work by summarizing the future steps for the expansion of the current system.

On-lattice agent-based simulation of populations of cells within the open-source Chaste framework

KAUST Repository

Figueredo, G. P.

2013-02-21

Over the years, agent-based models have been developed that combine cell division and reinforced random walks of cells on a regular lattice, reaction-diffusion equations for nutrients and growth factors; and ordinary differential equations for the subcellular networks regulating the cell cycle. When linked to a vascular layer, this multiple scale model framework has been applied to tumour growth and therapy. Here, we report on the creation of an agent-based multi-scale environment amalgamating the characteristics of these models within a Virtual Physiological Human (VPH) Exemplar Project. This project enables reuse, integration, expansion and sharing of the model and relevant data. The agent-based and reaction-diffusion parts of the multi-scale model have been implemented and are available for download as part of the latest public release of Chaste (Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment; http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/chaste/), part of the VPH Toolkit (http://toolkit.vph-noe.eu/). The environment functionalities are verified against the original models, in addition to extra validation of all aspects of the code. In this work, we present the details of the implementation of the agent-based environment, including the system description, the conceptual model, the development of the simulation model and the processes of verification and validation of the simulation results. We explore the potential use of the environment by presenting exemplar applications of the \\'what if\\' scenarios that can easily be studied in the environment. These examples relate to tumour growth, cellular competition for resources and tumour responses to hypoxia (low oxygen levels). We conclude our work by summarizing the future steps for the expansion of the current system.

Isolation of linoleic acid as an estrogenic compound from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus L. (chaste-berry).

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, J; Burdette, J E; Sun, Y; Deng, S; Schlecht, S M; Zheng, W; Nikolic, D; Mahady, G; van Breemen, R B; Fong, H H S; Pezzuto, J M; Bolton, J L; Farnsworth, N R

2004-01-01

A methanol extract of chaste-tree berry (Vitex agnus-castus L.) was tested for its ability to displace radiolabeled estradiol from the binding site of estrogen receptors alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta). The extract at 46 +/- 3 microg/ml displaced 50% of estradiol from ERalpha and 64 +/- 4 microg/ml from ERbeta. Treatment of the ER+ hormone-dependent T47D:A18 breast cancer cell line with the extract induced up-regulation of ERbeta mRNA. Progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA was upregulated in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line. However, chaste-tree berry extract did not induce estrogen-dependent alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in Ishikawa cells. Bioassay-guided isolation, utilizing ER binding as a monitor, resulted in the isolation of linoleic acid as one possible estrogenic component of the extract. The use of pulsed ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is an affinity-based screening technique, also identified linoleic acid as an ER ligand based on its selective affinity, molecular weight, and retention time. Linoleic acid also stimulated mRNA ERbeta expression in T47D:A18 cells, PR expression in Ishikawa cells, but not AP activity in Ishikawa cells. These data suggest that linoleic acid from the fruits of Vitex agnus-castus can bind to estrogen receptors and induce certain estrogen inducible genes.

Comparing concentration methods: parasitrap® versus Kato-Katz for studying the prevalence of Helminths in Bengo province, Angola.

Science.gov (United States)

Mirante, Clara; Clemente, Isabel; Zambu, Graciette; Alexandre, Catarina; Ganga, Teresa; Mayer, Carlos; Brito, Miguel

2016-09-01

Helminth intestinal parasitoses are responsible for high levels of child mortality and morbidity. Hence, the capacity to diagnose these parasitoses and consequently ensure due treatment represents a factor of great importance. The main objective of this study involves comparing two methods of concentration, parasitrap and Kato-Katz, for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses in faecal samples. Sample processing made recourse to two different concentration methods: the commercial parasitrap® method and the Kato-Katz method. We correspondingly collected a total of 610 stool samples from pre-school and school age children. The results demonstrate the incidence of helminth parasites in 32.8% or 32.3% of the sample collected depending on whether the concentration method applied was either the parasitrap method or the Kato-Katz method. We detected a relatively high percentage of samples testing positive for two or more species of helminth parasites. We would highlight that in searching for larvae the Kato-Katz method does not prove as appropriate as the parasitrap method. Both techniques prove easily applicable even in field working conditions and returning mutually agreeing results. This study concludes in favour of the need for deworming programs and greater public awareness among the rural populations of Angola.

A técnica de Kato para o diagnóstico coprológico de infecções parasitárias

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Jairo Gonçalves Molina

1971-02-01

Full Text Available Empregando-se 76 espécimenis de fezes examinados velo método de Kato modificiado por Martin e Beaver (4, fêz-se a comparação com a técnica da sedimentação pelo método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Excetuando o diagnóstico das infecções pelo T. trichurus, nas quais houve evidentes vantagens do método de Kato, não se pode confirmar a superioridade do método de Kato, pelo menos nas condições do laboratório clínico normal. O autor frisa porém, que por falta de espécimens adequados não foi possível testar o método nas infecções pelo S. mansoni, campo que se ressente da falta de técnicas adequadas para o diagnóstico de infecções discretas e no qual se antecipam maiores virtudes do método de Kato.

De Sébastien Roch à L’agneau chaste ou de la construction à la déconstruction de la matrice romanesque de la pédophilie

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Szczur Przemysław

2015-12-01

Full Text Available L’obiettivo del presente articolo è di paragonare l’immagine della pedofilia in due romanzi : Sébastien Roch di Octave Mirbeau e L’agneau chaste di Franck Varjac. Mentre il primo ha contribuito a costruire la matrice romanzesca della pedofilia, il secondo prova a decostruirla.

Trotter-Kato product formula and fractional powers of self-adjoint generators

CERN Document Server

Ichinose, I; Zagrebnov, Z

2002-01-01

Let $A$ and $B$ be non-negative self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space such that their densely defined form sum $H = A \\stackrel{\\cdot}{+} B$ obeys $\\dom(H^\\ga) \\subseteq \\dom(A^\\ga) \\cap \\dom(B^\\ga)$ for some $\\ga \\in (1/2,1)$. It is proved that if, in addition, $A$ and $B$ satisfy $\\dom(A^{1/2}) \\subseteq \\dom(B^{1/2})$, then the symmetric and non-symmetric Trotter-Kato product formula converges in the operator norm: % % \\bed \\ba{c} \\left\\|\\left(e^{-tB/2n}e^{-tA/n}e^{-tB/2n}\\right)^n - e^{-tH}\\right\\| = O(n^{-(2\\ga-1)}), \\\\[2mm] \\left\\|\\left(e^{-tA/n}e^{-tB/n}\\right)^n - e^{-tH}\\right\\| = O(n^{-(2\\ga-1)}) \\ea \\eed % % uniformly in $t \\in [0,T]$, $0 < T < \\infty$, as $n \\to \\infty$, both with the same optimal error bound. The same is valid if one replaces the exponential function in the product by functions of the Kato class, that is, by real-valued Borel measurable functions $f(\\cdot)$ defined on the non-negative real axis obeying $0 \\le f(x) \\le 1$, $f(0) = 1$ and $f'(+0) = -1$, with some addition...

Kato-Katz and Lumbreras rapid sedimentation test to evaluate helminth prevalence in the setting of a school-based deworming program

OpenAIRE

Lopez, Martha; Morales, Maria Luisa; Konana, Monisha; Hoyer, Paige; Pineda-Reyes, Roberto; White, Arthur Clinton; Garcia, Hector Hugo; Lescano, Andres Guillermo; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Cabada, Miguel Mauricio

2016-01-01

The sensitivity of the Kato-Katz test is suboptimal for the evaluation of intestinal helminth prevalence. Moreover, during mass deworming, as helminth egg burden decreases, the sensitivity is likely to decrease. The Lumbreras rapid sedimentation (Lumbreras) is a low-cost non-quantitative test, but may provide useful information in low burden areas. We compared the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections assessed by the Kato-Katz and the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation test on 3 stool speci...

Kato-Katz and Lumbreras rapid sedimentation test to evaluate helminth prevalence in the setting of a school-based deworming program

Science.gov (United States)

Lopez, Martha; Morales, Maria Luisa; Konana, Monisha; Hoyer, Paige; Pineda-Reyes, Roberto; White, Arthur Clinton; Garcia, Hector Hugo; Lescano, Andres Guillermo; Gotuzzo, Eduardo; Cabada, Miguel Mauricio

2016-01-01

The sensitivity of the Kato-Katz test is suboptimal for the evaluation of intestinal helminth prevalence. Moreover, during mass deworming, as helminth egg burden decreases, the sensitivity is likely to decrease. The Lumbreras rapid sedimentation (Lumbreras) is a low-cost non-quantitative test, but may provide useful information in low burden areas. We compared the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections assessed by the Kato-Katz and the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation test on 3 stool specimens from each of 1083 children. The sensitivities were compared using the McNemar paired test. Using the combined outcome of the 3 different stool tests as the standard, Kato-Katz had lower sensitivity than Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests for Ascaris lumbricoides (85.1% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.03), Hymenolepis nana (77.7% vs. 97.9%, p Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests enables the detection of more intestinal helminths infections in post-deworming low prevalence areas. PMID:27376503

Estudo sobre o diagnóstico da giardíase por meio do método Kato-Katz

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Vera Lucia Pagliusi Castilho

1983-06-01

Full Text Available Foi verificado que é possível diagnosticar a giardíase através de exame de fezes realizado pelo método de Kato-Katz, hoje bastante utilizado no Brasil. Todavia, para reconhecimento da protozoose em questão, a eficácia do processo da centrífugo-fiutuação em sulfato de zinco mostrou-se maior. As sensibilidades das técnicas de Kato-Katz e da sedimentação espontânea em água foram equiparáveis, afigurando-se mais produtivas, a propósito do emprego da primeira, as análises efetuadas imediatamente ou após 24 horas em relação à ocasião do preparo.

Isotope hydrology study of Kato Nevrokopi of Dramas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leontiadis, I.L.; Payne, B.R.; Letsios, A.; Papagianni, N.; Kakarelis, D.; Chadjiagorakis, D.

1984-01-01

The isotopic composition of the water was used in order to define the mechanism of recharge of the high plateau of Kato Nevrokopi of Dramas. The results of this study indicate that there are two main sources of recharge to groundwater. One is infiltration of water from the network of irrigation canals which carry water from the Vathitopos stream. The other source of recharge originates in the mountains to the east of the plain. Infiltration from the Nevrokopi stream does occur, but is believed to be minor in this part of the plain. Recharge by infiltration of local precipitation is considered to be minor in comparison with the two main sources of recharge. An underground barrier prevents draining of the groundwater through the sinkhole, resulting in a very big reservoir under the whole central and southern parts of the high plateau. The exploitation of the groundwater of this reservoir very probably offers a low-cost solution to satisfy all needs of the area for irrigation water. (author)

Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)--pharmacology and clinical indications.

Science.gov (United States)

Wuttke, W; Jarry, H; Christoffel, V; Spengler, B; Seidlová-Wuttke, D

2003-05-01

Extracts of the fruits of chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus = AC) are widely used to treat premenstrual symptoms. Double-blind placebo-controlled studies indicate that one of the most common premenstrual symptoms, i.e. premenstrual mastodynia (mastalgia) is beneficially influenced by an AC extract. In addition, numerous less rigidly controlled studies indicate that AC extracts have also beneficial effects on other psychic and somatic symptoms of the PMS. Premenstrual mastodynia is most likely due to a latent hyperprolactinemia, i.e. patients release more than physiologic amounts of prolactin in response to stressful situations and during deep sleep phases which appear to stimulate the mammary gland. Premenstrually this unphysiological prolactin release is so high that the serum prolactin levels often approach heights which are misinterpreted as prolactinomas. Since AC extracts were shown to have beneficial effects on premenstrual mastodynia serum prolactin levels in such patients were also studied in one double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Serum prolactin levels were indeed reduced in the patients treated with the extract. The search for the prolactin-suppressive principle(s) yielded a number of compounds with dopaminergic properties: they bound to recombinant DA2-receptor protein and suppressed prolactin release from cultivated lactotrophs as well as in animal experiments. The search for the chemical identity of the dopaminergic compounds resulted in isolation of a number of diterpenes of which some clerodadienols were most important for the prolactin-suppressive effects. They were almost identical in their prolactin-suppressive properties than dopamine itself. Hence, it is concluded that dopaminergic compounds present in Vitex agnus castus are clinically the important compounds which improve premenstrual mastodynia and possibly also other symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome.

Investigation of the spatial generalization of Kato's theorem by a variational density-functional approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Csavinszky, P.

1990-01-01

In a recent work, March has considered the quantum-mechanical system of an arbitrary number of closed electronic shells around an atomic nucleus of charge Z a e. March has assumed that the shells are filled by noninteracting electrons, moving in the bare Coulomb potential energy of V(r) = -Z a e 2 /r. In this framework, the basic quantity is the total electron (number) density ρ(r), built by summing the (number) density ρ n (r) of the nth closed electronic shell over the principal quantum number n. March has shown that Kato's theorem, (∂ρ(r)/∂r) r=0 = -(2Z a /a 0 )ρ (r = 0), with a 0 = ℎ 2 /me 2 , is amenable to a spatially dependent generalization that can be expressed by ∂ρ(r)/∂r = -(2Z a /a 0 )ρ s (r), where ρ s (r) is the s-state contribution from the n closed electronic shells to ρ(r). The present work investigates the spatially dependent generalization of Kato's theorem for the Ne atom by making use of a variational density-functional approach and adopting several expressions for the kinetic-energy functional of the electrons. The intriguing question of identifying the best kinetic-energy functional is raised and discussed

Comparing the performance of circulating cathodic antigen and Kato-Katz techniques in evaluating Schistosoma mansoni infection in areas with low prevalence in selected counties of Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Okoyo, Collins; Simiyu, Elses; Njenga, Sammy M; Mwandawiro, Charles

2018-04-11

Kato-Katz technique has been the mainstay test in Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in endemic areas. However, recent studies have documented its poor sensitivity in evaluating Schistosoma mansoni infection especially in areas with lower rates of transmission. It's the primary diagnostic tool in monitoring impact of the Kenya national school based deworming program on infection transmission, but there is need to consider a more sensitive technique as the prevalence reduces. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between results of the stool-based Kato-Katz technique with urine-based point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in view to inform decision-making by the program in changing from Kato-Katz to POC-CCA test. We used two cross-sectional surveys conducted pre- and post- mass drug administration (MDA) using praziquantel in a representative random sample of children from 18 schools across 11 counties. A total of 1944 children were randomly sampled for the study. Stool and urine samples were tested for S. mansoni infection using Kato-Katz and POC-CCA methods, respectively. S. mansoni prevalence using each technique was calculated and 95% confidence intervals obtained using binomial regression model. Specificity (Sp) and sensitivity (Sn) were determined using 2 × 2 contingency tables and compared using the McNemar's chi-square test. A total of 1899 and 1878 children were surveyed at pre- and post-treatment respectively. S. mansoni infection prevalence was 26.5 and 21.4% during pre- and post-treatment respectively using POC-CCA test, and 4.9 and 1.5% for pre- and post-treatment respectively using Kato-Katz technique. Taking POC-CCA as the gold standard, Kato-Katz was found to have significantly lower sensitivity both at pre- and post-treatment, Sn = 12.5% and Sn = 5.2% respectively, McNemar test χ 2 m  = 782.0, p < 0.001. In overall, the results showed a slight/poor agreement between the two methods, kappa index (k

Stres zaposlenih v specifični vzgojno izobraževalni ustanovi : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

OpenAIRE

Kramolc, Petra

2013-01-01

Diplomsko delo opisuje stres zaposlenih v specifični vzgojno izobraževalni ustanovi. Razdeljena je na dva dela, in sicer na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu so podrobno predstavljene različne definicije stresa, biologija stresa, vrste stresa, stresorji, simptomi stresa in obvladovanje le tega. S pomočjo strokovne literature sem opisala otroke in mladostnike s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami, kaj so vzroki za nastanek teh motenj in kaj so cilji dela z otroki s čustvenimi in v...

More Poop, More Precision: Improving Epidemiologic Surveillance of Soil-Transmitted Helminths with Multiple Fecal Sampling using the Kato-Katz Technique.

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Liu, Chengfang; Lu, Louise; Zhang, Linxiu; Bai, Yu; Medina, Alexis; Rozelle, Scott; Smith, Darvin Scott; Zhou, Changhai; Zang, Wei

2017-09-01

Soil-transmitted helminths, or parasitic intestinal worms, are among the most prevalent and geographically widespread parasitic infections in the world. Accurate diagnosis and quantification of helminth infection are critical for informing and assessing deworming interventions. The Kato-Katz thick smear technique, the most widely used laboratory method to quantitatively assess infection prevalence and infection intensity of helminths, has often been compared with other methods. Only a few small-scale studies, however, have considered ways to improve its diagnostic sensitivity. This study, conducted among 4,985 school-age children in an area of rural China with moderate prevalence of helminth infection, examines the effect on diagnostic sensitivity of the Kato-Katz technique when two fecal samples collected over consecutive days are examined and compared with a single sample. A secondary aim was to consider cost-effectiveness by calculating an estimate of the marginal costs of obtaining an additional fecal sample. Our findings show that analysis of an additional fecal sample led to increases of 23%, 26%, and 100% for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura , and hookworm prevalence, respectively. The cost of collecting a second fecal sample for our study population was approximately USD4.60 per fecal sample. Overall, the findings suggest that investing 31% more capital in fecal sample collection prevents an underestimation of prevalence by about 21%, and hence improves the diagnostic sensitivity of the Kato-Katz method. Especially in areas with light-intensity infections of soil-transmitted helminths and limited public health resources, more accurate epidemiological surveillance using multiple fecal samples will critically inform decisions regarding infection control and prevention.

Estimating sensitivity of the Kato-Katz technique for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm in relation to infection intensity.

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Oliver Bärenbold

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The Kato-Katz technique is the most widely used diagnostic method in epidemiologic surveys and drug efficacy trials pertaining to intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis. However, the sensitivity of the technique is low, particularly for the detection of light-intensity helminth infections. Examination of multiple stool samples reduces the diagnostic error; yet, most studies rely on a single Kato-Katz thick smear, thus underestimating infection prevalence. We present a model which estimates the sensitivity of the Kato-Katz technique in Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm, as a function of infection intensity for repeated stool sampling and provide estimates of the age-dependent 'true' prevalence. We find that the sensitivity for S. mansoni diagnosis is dominated by missed light infections, which have a low probability to be diagnosed correctly even through repeated sampling. The overall sensitivity strongly depends on the mean infection intensity. In particular at an intensity of 100 eggs per gram of stool (EPG, we estimate a sensitivity of 50% and 80% for one and two samples, respectively. At an infection intensity of 300 EPG, we estimate a sensitivity of 62% for one sample and 90% for two samples. The sensitivity for hookworm diagnosis is dominated by day-to-day variation with typical values for one, two, three, and four samples equal to 50%, 75%, 85%, and 95%, respectively, while it is only weakly dependent on the mean infection intensity in the population. We recommend taking at least two samples and estimate the 'true' prevalence of S. mansoni considering the dependence of the sensitivity on the mean infection intensity and the 'true' hookworm prevalence by taking into account the sensitivity given in the current study.

Agreement of the Kato-Katz test established by the WHO with samples fixed with sodium acetate analyzed at 6 months to diagnose intestinal geohelminthes.

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Alfredo Fernández-Niño, Julián; David Ramírez, Juan; Consuelo López, Myriam; Inés Moncada, Ligia; Reyes, Patricia; Darío Heredia, Rubén

2015-06-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Kato-Katz test (WHO version) with stool samples from a rural area, fixed with sodium acetate (SAF). The Kato-Katz test was used to compare unfixed samples (conventional test) with the same samples containing SAF fixative at time 0 and at 6 months. The study included stools from 154 subjects. A marginally statistically significant decrease in prevalence was estimated only for hookworm, when comparing unfixed samples versus the SAF fixed samples read at 6 months (p=0.06). A significant reduction in parasite load was found for hookworm (p<0.01) and Trichuris trichiura (p<0.01) between the unfixed and the fixed sample read at 6 months, but not for Ascaris lumbricoides (p=0.10). This research suggests that the SAF fixative solution is a good option for transporting samples for diagnosis, especially in rural areas in developing countries. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative toxoplasma gondii oocyst detection by a modified Kato Katz test using Kinyoun staining (KKK in ME49 strain experimentally infected cats Detecção quantitativa de oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii, por um teste modificado de Kato Katz usando coloração de Kinyoun (KKK, em gatos infectados experimentalmente com a cepa ME49

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Luciana Regina Meireles

2008-06-01

Full Text Available We detected Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in feces of experimentally infected cats, using a Kato Katz approach with subsequent Kinyoun staining. Animals serologically negative to T. gondii were infected orally with 5x10² mice brain cysts of ME49 strain. Feces were collected daily from the 3rd to the 30th day after challenge. Oocysts were detected by qualitative sugar flotation and the quantitative modified Kato Katz stained by Kinyoun (KKK. In the experimentally infected cats, oocysts were detected from the 7th to 15th day through sugar flotation technique, but oocysts were found in KKK from the 6th to 16th day, being sensitive for a larger period, with permanent documentation. The peak of oocysts excretion occurred between the 8th to 11th days after challenge, before any serological positive result. KKK could be used in the screening and quantification of oocysts excretion in feces of suspected animals, with reduced handling of infective material, decreasing the possibility of environmental and operator contamination.Detectamos oocistos de Toxoplasma gondii em fezes de gatos experimentalmente infectados, usando a abordagem de Kato Katz, com subseqüente coloração pelo método de Kinyoun. Animais sorologicamente negativos ao T. gondii foram infectados por via oral com 5x10² cistos da cepa ME49 de cérebros de camundongos. Fezes foram colhidas diariamente a partir do 3º até o 30º dia pós-infecção. Oocistos foram detectados por centrífugo-flutuação em sacarose qualitativa e pelo método quantitativo de Kato Katz modificado corado pela técnica de Kinyoun (KKK. Em gatos experimentalmente infectados, oocistos foram detectados do 7º ao 15º dia pela técnica de centrífugo-flutuação em sacarose, mas oocistos foram detectados do 6º ao 16º dia pelo KKK, sendo sensível por um período maior, com documentação permanente. O pico da excreção de oocistos ocorreu entre 8º a 11º dia pós-infecção, antes de resultado sorológico positivo

Human gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III) cell apoptosis induced by Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract through intracellular oxidative stress.

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Ohyama, Kunio; Akaike, Takenori; Imai, Masahiko; Toyoda, Hiroo; Hirobe, Chieko; Bessho, Toshio

2005-07-01

We have previously reported that an ethanol extract of the dried ripe fruit of Vitex agnus-castus (Vitex) displays cytotoxic activity against certain kinds of human cancer cell line resulting in the induction of apoptosis. In this paper, we investigate the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by Vitex using a human gastric signet ring carcinoma cell line, KATO-III. DNA fragmentation was observed in Vitex-treated KATO-III cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. DNA fragmentation was accompanied by the following phenomena: elevation in the level of hemeoxygenase-1 protein and thioredoxin reductase mRNA; repression of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase mRNAs; release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol; activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3; decrease in the level of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bid protein; increase in the level of Bad protein. The intracellular oxidized state, measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, increased after Vitex treatment. While the amount of intracellular GSH decreased significantly after treatment with Vitex, the level of GSSG was unaffected. Furthermore, no significant perturbation in the amount of proteins/mRNAs related to glutathione metabolism could be detected. These apoptotic alterations induced by exposure to Vitex were blocked by the presence of an anti-oxidative reagent, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, or the addition of exogenous GSH. Our results demonstrate that intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane damage is responsible for Vitex-induced apoptosis, which may be mediated by a diminution of reduced type glutathione within the cell.

Comparison of individual and pooled stool samples for the assessment of intensity of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminth infections using the Kato-Katz technique.

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Kure, Ashenafi; Mekonnen, Zeleke; Dana, Daniel; Bajiro, Mitiku; Ayana, Mio; Vercruysse, Jozef; Levecke, Bruno

2015-09-24

Our group has recently provided a proof-of-principle for the examination of pooled stool samples using McMaster technique as a strategy for the rapid assessment of intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm). In the present study we evaluated this pooling strategy for the assessment of intensity of both STH and Schistosoma mansoni infections using the Kato-Katz technique. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 360 children aged 5-18 years from six schools in Jimma Zone (southwest Ethiopia). We performed faecal egg counts (FECs) in both individual and pooled samples (pools sizes of 5, 10 and 20) to estimate the number of eggs per gram of stool (EPG) using the Kato-Katz technique. We also assessed the time to screen both individual and pooled samples. Except for hookworms, there was a significant correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.53-0.95) between the mean of individual FECs and the FECs of pooled samples for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. mansoni, regardless of the pool size. Mean FEC were 2,596 EPG, 125 EPG, 47 EPG, and 41 EPG for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, S. mansoni and hookworm, respectively. There was no significant difference in FECs between the examination of individual and pooled stool samples, except for hookworms. For this STH, pools of 10 resulted in a significant underestimation of infection intensity. The total time to obtain individual FECs was 65 h 5 min. For pooled FECs, this was 19 h 12 min for pools of 5, 14 h 39 min for pools of 10 and 12 h 42 min for pools of 20. The results indicate that pooling of stool sample holds also promise as a rapid assessment of infections intensity for STH and S. mansoni using the Kato-Katz technique. In this setting, the time in the laboratory was reduced by 70 % when pools of 5 instead of individual stool samples were screened.

Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Kato-Katz, Koga Agar Plate, Ether-Concentration, and FLOTAC for Schistosoma mansoni and Soil-Transmitted Helminths

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Glinz, Dominik; Silué, Kigbafori D.; Knopp, Stefanie; Lohourignon, Laurent K.; Yao, Kouassi P.; Steinmann, Peter; Rinaldi, Laura; Cringoli, Giuseppe; N'Goran, Eliézer K.; Utzinger, Jürg

2010-01-01

Background Infections with schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths exert a considerable yet underappreciated economic and public health burden on afflicted populations. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for patient management, drug efficacy evaluations, and monitoring of large-scale community-based control programs. Methods/Principal Findings The diagnostic accuracy of four copromicroscopic techniques (i.e., Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate, ether-concentration, and FLOTAC) for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminth eggs was compared using stool samples from 112 school children in Côte d'Ivoire. Combined results of all four methods served as a diagnostic ‘gold’ standard and revealed prevalences of S. mansoni, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis and Ascaris lumbricoides of 83.0%, 55.4%, 40.2%, 33.9% and 28.6%, respectively. A single FLOTAC from stool samples preserved in sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin for 30 or 83 days showed a higher sensitivity for S. mansoni diagnosis (91.4%) than the ether-concentration method on stool samples preserved for 40 days (85.0%) or triplicate Kato-Katz using fresh stool samples (77.4%). Moreover, a single FLOTAC detected hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections with a higher sensitivity than any of the other methods used, but resulted in lower egg counts. The Koga agar plate method was the most accurate diagnostic assay for S. stercoralis. Conclusion/Significance We have shown that the FLOTAC method holds promise for the diagnosis of S. mansoni. Moreover, our study confirms that FLOTAC is a sensitive technique for detection of common soil-transmitted helminths. For the diagnosis of S. stercoralis, the Koga agar plate method remains the method of choice. PMID:20651931

Determination and Identification of a Specific Marker Compound for Discriminating Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit from Agnus Castus Fruit Based on LC/MS Metabolic Analysis.

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Yahagi, Tadahiro; Masada, Sayaka; Oshima, Naohiro; Suzuki, Ryuta; Matsufuji, Hiroshi; Takahashi, Yutaka; Watanabe, Masato; Yahara, Shoji; Iida, Osamu; Kawahara, Nobuo; Maruyama, Takuro; Goda, Yukihiro; Hakamatsuka, Takashi

2016-01-01

Shrub Chaste Tree Fruit (SCTF) is defined as the fruits of Vitex rotundifolia L. f. and V. trifolia L. and has been used as a component of some traditional Japanese medicines (Kampo formulations). Agnus Castus Fruit (ACF) is defined as the dried ripe fruits of V. agnus-castus L.; it is used in traditional European medicines, but is becoming popular in Japan as both an over-the-counter drug and as an ingredient in health foods for treating premenstrual syndrome (PMS). To ensure the efficacy and safety of both SCTF and ACF products, it is important to precisely authenticate their botanical origins and to clearly distinguish between SCTF and ACF. Therefore, we tried to identify SCTF-specific marker compounds based on LC/MS metabolic analysis. The multivariate analysis of LC/MS data from SCTF and ACF samples furnished candidate marker compounds of SCTF. An SCTF-specific marker was isolated from SCTF crude drugs and identified as 3-O-trans-feruloyl tormentic acid on the basis of spectroscopic data from NMR and MS. Since avoiding contamination from closely related species is a significant requirement for pharmaceuticals of natural origin, this information will be valuable for the quality control of both SCTF and ACF products from the viewpoint of regulatory science.

Spominske napake v povezavi z uporabo zasliševalskih tehnik : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

OpenAIRE

Bulovec, Luka

2014-01-01

Zasliševalske tehnike pridobivajo podatke od osumljencev s pomočjo psihičnega pritiska. Psihični stres lahko povzroči amnezijo in druge spominske napake, ki imajo negativen učinek na pridobitev podatkov. V tem pogledu primerjam razširjene zasliševalske tehnike, Reidovo tehniko in model P. E. A. C. E.. Poskušam ugotoviti koliko stresa povzročijo in na kakšen način. Iz dobljenih podatkov sklepam na razvoj stresa pri posamezni zasliševalski tehniki med zaslišanjem in njegove učinke na um...

SOOČANJE S STRESNIMI SITUACIJAMI UČITELJEV V OSNOVNI ŠOLI

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Jenko, Ana

2015-01-01

Osnovni namen diplomske naloge je bil ugotoviti razlike v stopnji doživljanja stresa pri učiteljih glede na poučevanju v mestu ali na podeželju, na razredni ali predmetni stopnji. Prav tako nas je zanimala povezanost doživljanja stresa z leti delovne dobe, številom učencev v razredu in številom učencev s posebnimi potrebami v razredu. Poleg tega smo ugotavljali tudi, kaj učiteljem povzroča največji stres, kako ga občutijo in kako se z njim spopadajo. Diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz teoretičn...

Performance evaluation of direct saline stool microscopy, Formol ether concentration and Kato Katz diagnostic methods for intestinal parasitosis in the absence of gold standard methods.

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Hailu, Tadesse; Abera, Bayeh

2015-07-01

The parasite load within the sample and the amount of sample taken during examination greatly compromise the sensitivity of direct saline stool microscopy. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2011 in Bahir Dar city among 778 fresh single stool samples to evaluate the performance of direct saline (DS), Kato Katz (KK) and Formol ether concentration (FEC) methods against the 'Gold' standard. Among 778 stool samples from school age children, the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites was recorded by FEC (55.1%). The sensitivity of DS, FEC and KK were 61.1%, 92.3% and 58.7%, respectively. FEC is more sensitive than DS and KK. Hence, use of the latter is preferred. © The Author(s) 2015.

Coastline changes in relation to longshore sediment transport and human impact, along the shoreline of Kato Achaia (NW Peloponnese, Greece

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S. POULOS

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Coastal configuration depends upon the equilibrium between available sediment budget and prevailing nearshore wave and current conditions. Human activities often disturb this natural equilibrium by altering the sources of beach material and littoral drift pattern. In the coastal zone of NW Peloponnese, an essentially tideless environment, the oblique approach of wind-induced waves implies an overall longshore drift from east to west. On an annual basis, the potential longshore sediment transport rates at the different sections of the study area (Kato Achaia is estimated to vary between 0.02 10-3 m3/s and 5 103 m3/s and to fluctuate seasonally. The construction of a port and the extraction of aggregates from the R. Peiros have changed significantly the pattern of sediment transport inducing dramatic changes on coastline configuration; thus, the part of the coastline west to the port had retreated as much as 70 m eliminating a touristic beach, while the entrance of the port was silted inhibiting navigation. Coastal engineering measures, such as modification of port-breakwaters and construction of groins have had only minimal contribution in beach recovery. Hence, coastal management plans should consider this dynamic equilibrium and protect the natural coastal system from the arbitrary human activities.

Comparison of Kato-Katz thick-smear and McMaster egg counting method for the assessment of drug efficacy against soil-transmitted helminthiasis in school children in Jimma Town, Ethiopia.

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Bekana, Teshome; Mekonnen, Zeleke; Zeynudin, Ahmed; Ayana, Mio; Getachew, Mestawet; Vercruysse, Jozef; Levecke, Bruno

2015-10-01

There is a paucity of studies that compare efficacy of drugs obtained by different diagnostic methods. We compared the efficacy of a single oral dose albendazole (400 mg), measured as egg reduction rate, against soil-transmitted helminth infections in 210 school children (Jimma Town, Ethiopia) using both Kato-Katz thick smear and McMaster egg counting method. Our results indicate that differences in sensitivity and faecal egg counts did not imply a significant difference in egg reduction rate estimates. The choice of a diagnostic method to assess drug efficacy should not be based on sensitivity and faecal egg counts only. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Comparación de las técnicas Kato-Katz, TSET y TSR en el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos

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Nelson Uribe Delgado

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La Fasciolosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Fasciola hepatica, que afecta primordialmente a bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y en algunas zonas de forma endémica a los humanos. En la investigación clínica y epidemiológica de fasciolosis humana es importante contar con técnicas coprológicas de diagnóstico de alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Objetivo: realizar la comparación de tres técnicas coprológicas para el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos. Metodología: se procesaron 200 gramos de materia fecal de humanos contaminada experimentalmente con huevos de F. hepatica que se obtuvieron de análisis anteriores con muestras de ganado bovino y ovino. La muestra se dividió en 10 partes iguales; a cada una de estas muestras se les realizó la técnicas de Kato-Katz, técnica de sedimentación espontánea en tubo (TSET y técnica de sedimentación rápida (TSR. Finalmente, la lectura de las muestras se basó en el diseño metodológico del doble ciego. Resultados: se encontró que la técnica de sedimentación rápida fue la más sensible de las tres evaluadas, detectándose positividad en 7,5 muestras de 10 analizadas; seguida por la técnica de Kato-Katz con 4,5 muestras y en último lugar la técnica de sedimentación espontánea en Tubo que mostró solo un resultado positivo. Conclusión: en este trabajo se encontró que la técnica de sedimentación rápida constituye la herramienta de elección para el profesional porque es la más sensible de las tres; además de ser sencilla, económica y de fácil aplicación en laboratorios de niveles uno y dos de complejidad para realizar un diagnóstico satisfactorio de fasciolosis humana. Salud UIS 2012; 44 (3: 7-12

Increased detection of schistosomiasis with Kato-Katz and SWAP-IgG-ELISA in a Northeastern Brazil low-intensity transmission area

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Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro

2012-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: The laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis is based mainly on the detection of parasite eggs in stool samples through the Kato-Katz (KK technique, reading one slide by test. However, a widely known limitation of parasitological methods is reduced sensitivity, particularly in low endemic areas. METHODS: To increase sensitivity, we conducted further slide readings from the same stool sample using the parasitological method associated with a serological test. We used the KK method (three slides and the IgG anti-Schistosoma mansoni-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA technique to diagnose schistosomiasis in low endemic areas in the Brazilian State of Ceará. Fecal samples and sera from 250 individuals were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen percent and 47.2% of samples were positive in parasitological tests and serological tests, respectively. Parasitological methods showed that 32 (80% individuals tested positive on the first slide, 6 (15% on the second slide, and 2 (5% on the third. The performance of the ELISA test in the diagnosis, using the KK method as diagnostic reference, showed a negative predictive value of 100%, with specificity and positive predictive values of 62.8% and 33.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the increase from one to three slides analyzed per sample using the KK technique was shown to be a useful procedure for increasing the diagnostic sensitivity of this technique.

Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Augustin, Livia S A; Kendall, Cyril W C; Jenkins, David J A

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The positive and negative health effects of dietary carbohydrates are of interest to both researchers and consumers. METHODS: International experts on carbohydrate research held a scientific summit in Stresa, Italy, in June 2013 to discuss controversies surrounding the utilit...

Castas estrelas! Chaste stars

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Regina Andrade

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho é uma parte da pesquisa Processos de Adaptações Criativas - Cinema Literário e Psicanálise, cujo objetivo principal é a análise específica da linguagem e das transformações sofridas pelos textos literários quando da passagem para textos fílmicos. Apresento como exemplo o filme Quincas Borba (dirigido por Roberto Santos, baseado no livro homônimo de Machado de Assis.This paper is the abridgment of the research Processos de Adaptações Criativas - Cinema Literário e Psicanálise (Creative Adaptation Processes - Literary Cinema and Psychoanalysis, which main goal is the specific analysis of language as well as of the transformations undergone by literary texts in their translation to filmic texts. I present as an example the movie Quincas Borba (directed by Roberto Santos, based on the homonymous book by Machado de Assis.

INDIVIDUALNE METODE ZA PREMAGOVANJE STRESA

OpenAIRE

Soldat, Daniel

2016-01-01

Življenje si lahko predstavljamo kot čolniček, ki pluje po vodi in življenjske dogodke kot valove, ki lahko zamajejo človekovo ravnotežje. Čoln včasih pluje mirno, spet drugič se na obzorju pojavijo nevihte, iz oblakov se trgajo strele in visoki valovi čoln močno zamajejo. Takrat bi lahko rekli, da je posameznik v stresu. Sodoben način življenja prinaša mnogo preglavic, frustracij in takšnih ali drugačnih zahtev, ki lahko posameznika spravljajo v stres. Od vsakega posameznika je odvisno, ...

Emprego da azida sódica, como conservador de fezes, para a pesquisa de ovos de Schistosoma mansoni e de outros helmintos, pelo método de Kato-Katz: estudo em área endêmica

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Vicente Amato Neto

1992-09-01

Full Text Available Em duas alíquotas de 208 amostras de fezes foram feitos exames pelo método de Kato-Katz, sendo uma após o emprego de 0,2mg de azida sódica para 200mg e em outra sem o referido conservador. Os resultados percentuais com e sem conservador foram, respectivamente, para os Ancilostomídeos 12,5 e 25,9, para Ascaris lumbricoides 71,6 e 72,5, para Schistosoma mansoni 7,6 e 17,7 e para Trichuris trichiura 86 e 85. A contagem dos ovos com e sem o conservador foi, respectivamente, 264 e 539 para os Ancilostomídeos, 13816 e 33751 para A. lumbricoides, 55,5 e 63,5 para S. mansoni e 1345 e 2068 para T. trichiura. Os autores não confirmaram a vantagem do uso de azida sódica para estudo em áreas endêmicas. Sugerem que o ressecamento das fezes e a baixa intensidade das infecções possam explicar os resultados desfavoráveis do presente ensaio clínico.In two aliquots of 208 samples of stool, tests have been made by the Kato-Katz method, one being made after the use of 0.2mg of sodic azide for 200mg, and the other without the aforesaid conservant. The resulted percentages with or without the conservant were, respectively, for Ancylostomideos: 12.5 and 25.9; for Ascaris lumbrieoides; 71.6 and 72.5; for Schistosoma mansoni: 7.6 and 17.7, and for Trichuris trichiura: 86 and 85. The count of the eggs with and without the conservant was, respectively, 264 and 539 for Ancylostomideos, 13186 and 33751 for A. lumbricoides, 55.5 and 63.5 for S. mansoni, and 1345 and 2068 for T. trichiura. The authors did not confirm the advantage of using sodic azide for study in endemic areas. They suggest that the exsiccation of the stool and the low intensity of infections can explain the unfavourable results of the present clinical trial.

ULOGA VJEŽBANJA U SAVLADAVANJU STRESA

OpenAIRE

Sorić, Maroje

2015-01-01

U modernom društvu razvijenih ekonomija stres je postao jednako neizbježan kao i porez. Stres ima brojne negativne posljedice, ponajprije vezane uz mentalno zdravlje. K tome, povezan je i s mnogim k bolestima, kao i s povećanim mortalitetom. S druge strane, redovita tjelesna aktivnost smanjuje morbiditet i mortalitet od brojnih kroničnih bolesti. Također, redovita tjelesna aktivnost povećava kvalitetu života i osjećaj blagostanja. Tjelesna aktivnost i stres su obrnuto povezani, a ta je poveza...

Association of Average Telomere Length with Body-Mass Index and Vitamin D Status in Juvenile Population with Type 1 Diabetes / Povezava Povprečnih Dolžin Telomerov Z Indeksom Telesne Teže in Vitaminom D Pri Mladostnikih S Sladkorno Boleznijo Tipa 1

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Tesovnik Tine

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Izhodišče. Sladkorna bolezen tipa 1 (SBT1 je kronična avtoimunska bolezen, pri kateri hiperglikemija ter zvišana raven oksidativnega stresa in končnih produktov glikacije skupaj z genetskimi in okoljskimi dejavniki privedeta do nastanka diabetičnih zapletov. Krajše dolžine telomerov so povezane s hiperglikemičnimi epizodami in nižjimi serumskimi vrednostmi vitamina D.

Promotion of technical harmonisation on risk-based decision making

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirchsteiger, Christian; Cojazzi, Giacomo

2000-01-01

The EC-JRC International Workshop on Promotion of Technical Harmonisation on Risk-Based Decision Making, held at Stresa and Ispra, Italy, 22-25 May 2000, was an experts meeting to discuss the possible need of developing an internationally accepted generic 'standard' for risk-based decision making.This paper briefly describes the workshop background, its organisation and summarises its main results and conclusions; it reflects the personal opinions of the authors and in no way commits the European Commission. (author)

Uloga depresivnosti roditelja i roditeljske samoefikasnosti u povezanosti ekonomske prilagodbe i depresivnosti adolescenata

OpenAIRE

Anđelinović, Maja; Vrselja, Ivana; Merkaš, Marina

2017-01-01

Polazeći od teorijskih postavki modela obiteljskog stresa cilj je rada bio empirijski provjeriti ostvaruje li ekonomska prilagodba obitelji svoj učinak na izraženost depresivnost kod adolescenata izravno i/ili neizravno, učincima na depresivnost roditelja i osjećaj roditeljske samoefikasnosti. U radu su analizirani podatci prikupljeni od adolescenata (N=247) koji žive u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima te obaju njihovih roditelja, a u okviru projekta "Rad roditelja, ekonomske teškoće obitelji i dob...

Composition of the essential fruit oil of Vitex agnus-castus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zwaving, J.H; Bos, R.

Vitex agnus-castus, the chaste tree, is used against disorders of the female sexual organs and as an anaphrodisiac. Active constituents are not known. In this study the essential oil of the fruits was investigated by GC and GC-MS.

Rwanda Journal - Vol 4, No 1 (2017)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Julienne Murererehe, Peace Uwambaye, Moses Isyagi, Theogene Nyandwi, Kato Njunwa, 39-47 ... Peace Uwambaye, Kato Njunwa, Assouman Nuhu, Anne Kumurenzi, Moses Isyagi, Julienne Murererehe, Donart ... Current Issue Atom logo

Demokratski stil vođenja

OpenAIRE

Roko, Maruna

2018-01-01

Djelatnici u poduzeću s demokratskim stilom vođenja moraju biti zadovoljni plaćom i ostalim beneficijama, kao i uvjetima rada, te moraju biti motivirani zahvaljujući nemonotonosti posla i upravljačkim vještinama uprave. Velike prednosti demokratskog stila vođenja su veća fleksibilnost i zarada i izostanak neizvjesnosti i svakodnevnog stresa zbog rizika, dok se teški rad i upornost nagrađuju. Demokratski vođa mora konstantno ispitivati informacije na tržištu prodaje i nabave, proučavati zakons...

A cross-sectional study on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Mbita district, western Kenya using different copromicroscopic techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

Ng'etich, Annette I; Rawago, Fredrick O; Jura, Walter G Z O; Mwinzi, Pauline N; Won, Kimberly Y; Odiere, Maurice R

2016-02-16

Identification of populations to be targeted for individual treatment and broad-spectrum therapy in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, assessment of therapy efficacy, morbidity, and evaluation of control strategies need to be based on reliable diagnostic tools. Kato-Katz is routinely used and remains the standard diagnostic technique for schistosomiasis, despite its many challenges. This study was conducted in Nyamanga village, Mbita, western Kenya, and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Kato-Katz, Mini-Parasep and modified Mini-FLOTAC techniques in detection of Schistosoma mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm) ova. Stool samples from 132 individuals were screened for eggs of S. mansoni by the 3 techniques. Mini-Parasep faecal parasite concentrator (Apacor Ltd, England), a single-use diagnostic device with a built-in filter for faecal concentration of helminth eggs by sedimentation was employed on stool samples fixed in 10% formalin. A modified Mini-FLOTAC (University of Naples, Italy) was based on floatation of helminths eggs with two different solutions (FS2 and FS7) using a closed system (Fill-FLOTAC) with 5% formalin. Kato-Katz was performed following WHO recommendation. Prevalence of S. mansoni and STH, sensitivity and degree of agreement among the 3 techniques were determined. Prevalence of S. mansoni was 47.0%, 34.1% and 20.5% by Mini-Parasep, Kato-Katz and modified Mini-FLOTAC FS7 techniques, respectively. Prevalence of any STH infection was 6.1%, 3.0%, 6.1% and 6.8% by Mini-Parasep, Kato-Katz, modified Mini-FLOTAC FS2 and modified Mini-FLOTAC FS7 techniques, respectively. Considering the pooled results of the three methods (Mini-Parasep, Kato-Katz and modified Mini-FLOTAC FS7) as diagnostic 'gold' standard, the sensitivity of Mini-Parasep, Kato-Katz and modified Mini-FLOTAC FS7 for S. mansoni was 77.5%, 56.1%, and 33.8%, respectively. Mini-Parasep and modified Mini-FLOTAC FS7 techniques had

Potentials for Use of Medicinal Plants in Female Reproductive ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

canadensis L.), and Chaste tree fruits (Vitex agnus- castus L.) are listed in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia and are available as dietary supplements to be used for premenstrual stress syndrome, as emmenagogue agents, and for gynaecological problems. Castor oil (Ricinus communis L.)18 and cotton bark root (Gossypium.

The effects of commercial preparations of herbal supplements commonly used by women on the biotransformation of fluorogenic substrates by human cytochromes P450.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Shirley H Y; Singh, Mohini; Holloway, Alison C; Crankshaw, Denis J

2011-07-01

The study set out to determine the potential for commercially available preparations of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), chaste tree berry (Vitex agnus-castus), crampbark (Viburnum opulus) and false unicorn (Chamaelirium luteum) to inhibit the major human drug metabolizing enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 as well as CYP1A1 which activates some carcinogens. In vitro microplate-based assays using cDNA-expressed CYP450 isoforms and fluorogenic substrates were used. Components of the commercial herbal preparations interfered with the assays and limited the concentration ranges that could be tested. Nevertheless, the fluorogenic assays were robust, reproducible and easy to perform and thus are still useful for initial screening for potential herb-drug interactions. None of the preparations affected CYPs 1A1 or 2C9 at the concentrations tested but all preparations inhibited some of the enzymes with potencies around 1 μg/mL. The three most potent interactions were: chaste tree berry and CYP2C19 (IC₅₀) 0.22 μg/mL); chaste tree berry and CYP3A4 (IC₅₀) 0.3 μg/mL); black cohosh and CYP2C19 (IC₅₀) 0.37 μg/mL,). Thus, the study successfully identified the potential for the commercial herbal preparations to inhibit human drug metabolizing enzymes. Whether this potential translates into clinically significant herb-drug interactions can only be confirmed by appropriate in vivo studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments, Number 73, September - October 1984.

Science.gov (United States)

1986-01-01

construction of optical systems. Teoria si constructia sistemelor optice [in Romanian]. Bucuresti, Tehnica, 1982, 451 p. (RZFZA, 84/9L468). 850. Donchenko...Chast’ 2 . Sistema chastits. Tomsk, 1983, 184 p. (RZFZA, 84/10L78). 851. Galeyev, A.A.; Sudan, R.M. (eds). (. Fundamentals of plasma physics. Supplement

Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after treatment.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean T Coulibaly

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The Kato-Katz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni, but shows low sensitivity in light-intensity infections. We assessed the accuracy of a commercially available point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA cassette test for the diagnosis of S. mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after praziquantel administration. METHODOLOGY: A 3-week longitudinal survey with a treatment intervention was conducted in Azaguié, south Côte d'Ivoire. Overall, 242 preschoolers (age range: 2 months to 5.5 years submitted two stool and two urine samples before praziquantel administration, and 86 individuals were followed-up posttreatment. Stool samples were examined with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for S. mansoni. Urine samples were subjected to POC-CCA cassette test for S. mansoni, and a filtration method for S. haematobium diagnosis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Before treatment, the prevalence of S. mansoni, as determined by quadruplicate Kato-Katz, single CCA considering 'trace' as negative (t-, and single CCA with 'trace' as positive (t+, was 23.1%, 34.3% and 64.5%, respectively. Using the combined results (i.e., four Kato-Katz and duplicate CCA(t- as diagnostic 'gold' standard, the sensitivity of a single Kato-Katz, a single CCA(t- or CCA(t+ was 28.3%, 69.7% and 89.1%, respectively. Three weeks posttreatment, the sensitivity of a single Kato-Katz, single CCA(t- and CCA(t+ was 4.0%, 80.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The intensity of the POC-CCA test band reaction was correlated with S. mansoni egg burden (odds ratio = 1.2, p = 0.04. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A single POC-CCA cassette test appears to be more sensitive than multiple Kato-Katz thick smears for the diagnosis of S. mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after praziquantel administration. The POC-CCA cassette test can be recommended for the rapid identification of S. mansoni infections before treatment. Additional studies are warranted

STRES NA DELOVNEM MESTU V TRGOVSKI ORGANIZACIJI X

OpenAIRE

Kureš, Anita

2012-01-01

Stres je tegoba sedanjega časa. Zmeraj več ljudi trpi za posledicami stresa na delovnem mestu, saj nam delo povzroča preveliko odgovornost, njemu tudi namenimo večino svojega časa, kar nam posledično zmanjšuje čas za sprostitev. Tako nam primanjkuje časa za zabavo, druženje s prijatelji, sprehode v naravi, telesno aktivnost in druge možnosti za sprostitev. Življenje nam prinaša nenehno nove izzive in obremenitve, pritiske, bojazni, ki sčasoma kopičijo stres v našem telesu. Vse to se nam odraž...

Duhovnost kao resurs snage i otpornosti obitelji u rizičnim okolnostima

OpenAIRE

Leutar, Ivan; Leutar, Zdravka

2017-01-01

Duhovnost se može shvatiti kao ljudsku potrebu za pronalaženjem krajnjeg smisla i svrhe u životu te želju da se živi integriranim životom. Istraživanja su pokazala da religiozne obitelji, u odnosu na one koje to nisu, za vrijeme trajanja nesigurnosti, neizvjesnosti i stresa imaju veću razinu vjere i nade u dobar ishod, njihovi članovi rjeđe izražavaju određene sociopatološke pojave. Cilj je rada dobiti uvid kako sudionici doživljavaju duhovnost u suočavanju s rizičnim okolnostima u obitelji, ...

Pixel super resolution using wavelength scanning

Science.gov (United States)

2016-04-08

13 Celebi ME, Schaefer G. Color Medical Image Analysis. Netherlands: Springer. 2013. 14 Yamaguchi I, Matsumura T, Kato J. Phase-shifting color...2016.60 15 Kato J, Yamaguchi I, Matsumura T. Multicolor digital holography with an achromatic phase shifter. Opt Lett 2002; 27: 1403–1405. 16 Ferraro P

Evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal parasitosis in school age children in Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Yimer, Mulat; Hailu, Tadesse; Mulu, Wondemagegn; Abera, Bayeh

2015-12-26

Although the sensitivity of Wet mount technique is questionable, it is the major diagnostic technique for routine diagnosis of intestinal parasitosis in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation performance of diagnostic methods of intestinal parasitosis in school age children in Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted from May to June 2013. Single stool sample was processed for direct, Formol ether concentration (FEC) and Kato Katz methods. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of diagnostic tests were calculated in terms of the "Gold" standard method (the combined result of the three methods altogether). A total of 422 school age children were participated in this study. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high (74.6%) with Kato Katz technique. The sensitivity of Wet mount, FEC and Kato Katz tests against the Gold standard test was 48.9, 63.1 and 93.7%, respectively. Kato Katz technique revealed a better NPV 80.4 (80.1-80.6) as compared to the Wet mount (33.7%) and FEC techniques (41.3%). In this study, the Kato Katz technique outperformed the other two methods but the true values for sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic values are not known. Moreover, it is labor intensive and not easily accessible. Hence, it is preferable to use FEC technique to complement the Wet mount test.

Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in an Amazonic community of Peru using multiple diagnostic techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

Machicado, Jorge D; Marcos, Luis A; Tello, Raul; Canales, Marco; Terashima, Angelica; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

2012-06-01

An observational descriptive study was conducted in a Shipibo-Conibo/Ese'Eja community of the rainforest in Peru to compare the Kato-Katz method and the spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique (SSTT) for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites as well as to report the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in this area. A total of 73 stool samples were collected and analysed by several parasitological techniques, including Kato-Katz, SSTT, modified Baermann technique (MBT), agar plate culture, Harada-Mori culture and the direct smear examination. Kato-Katz and SSTT had the same rate of detection for Ascaris lumbricoides (5%), Trichuris trichiura (5%), hookworm (14%) and Hymenolepis nana (26%). The detection rate for Strongyloides stercoralis larvae was 16% by SSTT and 0% by Kato-Katz, but 18% by agar plate culture and 16% by MBT. The SSTT also had the advantage of detecting multiple intestinal protozoa such as Blastocystis hominis (40%), Giardia intestinalis (29%) and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (16%). The most common intestinal parasites found in this community were B. hominis, G. intestinalis, H. nana, S. stercoralis and hookworm. In conclusion, the SSTT is not inferior to Kato-Katz for the diagnosis of common STH infections but is largely superior for detecting intestinal protozoa and S. stercoralis larvae. Copyright © 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Learning Curves: Body Image and Female Sexuality in Young Adult Literature. Scarecrow Studies in Young Adult Literature #35

Science.gov (United States)

Younger, Beth

2009-01-01

Adolescence is a time of growth, change, and confusion for young women. During this transition from childhood to adulthood, sex and gender roles become more important. Meanwhile, depictions of females--from the hyper-sexualized girls of music videos to the chaste repression of Purity Balls--send mixed messages to young women about their bodies…

Stability of infinite ranges and kernels

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Förster, K.-H.; Müller, Vladimír

2006-01-01

Roč. 174, č. 1 (2006), s. 61-73 ISSN 0039-3223 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA201/06/0128 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : Kato operators * essentially Kato operators * regular operator-valued functions Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.515, year: 2006

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

him the gift to perform this task with ease. In one of his articles he speaks of his school science teacher Thirumalai Kozhunthu PiJJai, who en- thused the students by teaching science in an understandable way in chaste Tamil. Listening to him he got the conviction that difficult scientific concepts could be conveyed in Tamil.

No Time for Love: Plutarch’s Chaste Caesar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeffrey Beneker

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Plutarch’s biography of Julius Caesar, compared with other accounts, deliberately plays down sexuality as a motive in Caesar's life, in order to stress his single-minded political ambition.

The Natural and Cultural Environmental Resources of the Aquilla Creek Watershed, Hill County, Texas.

Science.gov (United States)

1972-11-01

Vernonia baldwinii Torr. Western Ironweed Viburnum rufidulum Raf. Black Haw Vicia dasycarpa Ten. Winter (Wooly-pod) Vetch Vitex agnus -castus L. Chaste-tree... DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In...Bacteria. 207 Table 45. Macrobenthos. 208 Table 46. Turbidity. 209 Table 47. Relative Transparency. 209 Table 48. Distribution of invertebrates in

Field Evaluation of a Coproantigen Detection Test for Fascioliasis Diagnosis and Surveillance in Human Hyperendemic Areas of Andean Countries

Science.gov (United States)

Valero, María Adela; Periago, María Victoria; Pérez-Crespo, Ignacio; Angles, René; Villegas, Fidel; Aguirre, Carlos; Strauss, Wilma; Espinoza, José R.; Herrera, Patricia; Terashima, Angelica; Tamayo, Hugo; Engels, Dirk; Gabrielli, Albis Francesco; Mas-Coma, Santiago

2012-01-01

Background Emergence of human fascioliasis prompted a worldwide control initiative including a pilot study in a few countries. Two hyperendemic areas were chosen: Huacullani, Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, representing the Altiplanic transmission pattern with high prevalences and intensities; Cajamarca valley, Peru, representing the valley pattern with high prevalences but low intensities. Coprological sample collection, transport and study procedures were analyzed to improve individual diagnosis and subsequent treatments and surveillance activities. Therefore, a coproantigen-detection technique (MM3-COPRO ELISA) was evaluated, using classical techniques for egg detection for comparison. Methodology and Findings A total of 436 and 362 stool samples from schoolchildren of Huacullani and Cajamarca, respectively, were used. Positive samples from Huacullani were 24.77% using the MM3-COPRO technique, and 21.56% using Kato-Katz. Positive samples from Cajamarca were 11.05% using MM3-COPRO, and 5.24% using rapid sedimentation and Kato-Katz. In Huacullani, using Kato-Katz as gold standard, sensitivity and specificity were 94.68% and 98.48%, respectively, and using Kato-Katz and COPRO-ELISA test together, they were 95.68% and 100%. In Cajamarca, using rapid sedimentation and Kato-Katz together, results were 94.73% and 93.58%, and using rapid sedimentation, Kato-Katz and copro-ELISA together, they were 97.56% and 100%, respectively. There was no correlation between coproantigen detection by optical density (OD) and infection intensity by eggs per gram of feces (epg) in Cajamarca low burden cases (<400 epg), nor in Huacullani high burden cases (≥400 epg), although there was in Huacullani low burden cases (<400 epg). Six cases of egg emission appeared negative by MM3-COPRO, including one with a high egg count (1248 epg). Conclusions The coproantigen-detection test allows for high sensitivity and specificity, fast large mass screening capacity, detection in the chronic phase

Field evaluation of a coproantigen detection test for fascioliasis diagnosis and surveillance in human hyperendemic areas of Andean countries.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Adela Valero

Full Text Available Emergence of human fascioliasis prompted a worldwide control initiative including a pilot study in a few countries. Two hyperendemic areas were chosen: Huacullani, Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, representing the Altiplanic transmission pattern with high prevalences and intensities; Cajamarca valley, Peru, representing the valley pattern with high prevalences but low intensities. Coprological sample collection, transport and study procedures were analyzed to improve individual diagnosis and subsequent treatments and surveillance activities. Therefore, a coproantigen-detection technique (MM3-COPRO ELISA was evaluated, using classical techniques for egg detection for comparison.A total of 436 and 362 stool samples from schoolchildren of Huacullani and Cajamarca, respectively, were used. Positive samples from Huacullani were 24.77% using the MM3-COPRO technique, and 21.56% using Kato-Katz. Positive samples from Cajamarca were 11.05% using MM3-COPRO, and 5.24% using rapid sedimentation and Kato-Katz. In Huacullani, using Kato-Katz as gold standard, sensitivity and specificity were 94.68% and 98.48%, respectively, and using Kato-Katz and COPRO-ELISA test together, they were 95.68% and 100%. In Cajamarca, using rapid sedimentation and Kato-Katz together, results were 94.73% and 93.58%, and using rapid sedimentation, Kato-Katz and copro-ELISA together, they were 97.56% and 100%, respectively. There was no correlation between coproantigen detection by optical density (OD and infection intensity by eggs per gram of feces (epg in Cajamarca low burden cases (<400 epg, nor in Huacullani high burden cases (≥ 400 epg, although there was in Huacullani low burden cases (<400 epg. Six cases of egg emission appeared negative by MM3-COPRO, including one with a high egg count (1248 epg.The coproantigen-detection test allows for high sensitivity and specificity, fast large mass screening capacity, detection in the chronic phase, early detection of treatment failure

Helminthiases in Montes Claros. Preliminary survey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rina Girard Kaminsky

1976-04-01

Full Text Available A preliminary survey was conducted for the presence of helminths in the city of Montes Claros, M. G., Brazil. Three groups of persons were examined by the direct smear, Kato thick film and MIFC techniques; one group by direct smear and Kato only. General findings were: a high prevalence of hookworm, followed by ascariasis, S. mansoni, S. stercoralis and very light infections with T. trichiurá. E. vermicularis and H. nana were ranking parasites at an orphanage, with some hookworm and S. mansoni infections as well. At a pig slaughter house, the dominant parasites were hookworm and S. mansoni. Pig cysticercosis was an incidental finding worth mentioning for the health hazard it represents for humans as well as an economic loss. From the comparative results between the Kato and the MIF the former proved itself again as a more sensitive and reliable concentration method for helminth eggs, of low cost and easy performance.Um estudo preliminar sobre helmintos foi feito na cidade de Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. Três grupos de pessoas foram examinados pelos métodos direto, de Kato e do MIF e um grupo pelos métodos direto e Kato exclusivamente. Encontrou-se uma alta prevalência de necatorose, seguindo-se ascaríase, S. mansoni, S. stercoralis, e infecções leves pelo T. trichiura. E. vermicularis e H. nana foram osparasitos mais prevalentes num orfanato, com alguns casos de infecção pelo Necator e S. mansoni. Cisticercose dos suinos foi achado incidental e é importante ser mencionada devido ao perigo que representa no plano da Saúde Pública, bem como pela perda econômica que produz. Discutiu-se brevemente a importância do solo na transmissão dos helmintos num clima quente e seco. Da comparação dos métodos de Kato e MIF, o primeiro demonstrou ser o método mais sensível para ovos de helmintos, de baixo custo e fácil preparo.

DEJAVNIKI STRESA V RAČUNOVODSKI DEJAVNOSTI ORGANIZACIJ X IN Y

OpenAIRE

Kotolenko, Maša

2009-01-01

V diplomskem delu smo se lotili raziskave o stresorjih na delovnem mestu, natančneje v računovodski dejavnosti. Najprej smo definirali pojem stresor. Sledila je predstavitev mikro in makro stresorjev, prisotnih v delovnem okolju. Pri tej predstavitvi smo se osredotočili na mikro in makro stresorje v računovodski dejavnosti. Predstavili smo po mnenju različnih avtorjev najpogostejše stresorje v računovodski dejavnosti, definicijo posameznega stresorja ter njihove značilnosti. V nadaljevanju je...

Choosy but not chaste: multiple mating in human females.

Science.gov (United States)

Scelza, Brooke A

2013-01-01

When Charles Darwin set out to relate his theory of evolution by natural selection to humans he discovered that a complementary explanation was needed to properly understand the great variation seen in human behavior. The resulting work, The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, laid out the defining principles and evidence of sexual selection. In brief, this work is best known for illuminating the typically male strategy of intrasexual competition and the typically female response of intersexual choice. While these sexual stereotypes were first laid out by Darwin, they grew in importance when, years later, A. J. Bateman, in a careful study of Drosophila mating strategies, noted that multiple mating appeared to provide great benefit to male reproductive success, but to have no such effect on females. As a result, female choice soon became synonymous with being coy, and only males were thought to gain from promiscuous behavior. However, the last thirty years of research have served to question much of the traditional wisdom about sex differences proposed by Darwin and Bateman, illuminating the many ways that women (and females more generally) can and do engage in multiple mating. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Schistosomiasis in the Amazon region: is the current diagnostic strategy still appropriate?

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Sergei Rodrigo Magalhães de; Carvalho, Alessandra de Queiroz; Cardoso, Joyce Favacho Nogueira; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech; Geiger, Stefan Michael; Enk, Martin Johannes

2017-01-01

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the performance of the Kato Katz technique in detecting intestinal schistosomiasis in the State of Pará. METHODS: Of three stool samples provided by each of 380 participants, a total of 16 Kato Katz slides were examined to define the reference value (RV) of positives for comparisons. RESULTS: The RV revealed 37 (9.7%) infected participants in contrast to 10 (2.6%) according to a single slide. CONCLUSIONS: This significant underestimation of t...

X-ray emission from hot plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Satio; Kato, Takako.

1979-01-01

X-ray emission from hot plasmas is discussed with a critical review of different theories. The results given in the present paper are complementary to those given by Kato in the sense that the present paper is introductory to the paper by Kato. The contents of the present paper are; 1. Introduction 2. Ionization and Recombination Rate Coefficients 3. Relative Abundances of Ions 4. Intensity and Spectra of Radiation 5. Comparison with Earlier Results 6. Emission and Absorption Lines (author)

PER ALDO NOSEDA: IL CRITICO MUSICALE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chiara Fiaccadori

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Il presente articolo è un tentativo di fornire la lista completa degli scritti di Aldo Noseda (Milano, 1853-Stresa, 1916 come critico musicale. Fu un erudito conoscitore d’arte e appassionato collezionista, ma la quasi totalità dei suoi scritti sono dedicati alla scena musicale italiana. Prese parte all’infiammato dibattito a proposito della musica strumentale divenendo membro della Società del Quartetto e fondando la Società orchestrale della Scala a Milano. Dal 1876 al 1894, sotto lo pseudonimo de Il Misovulgo fu tra gli editorialisti militanti di importanti periodici come «La Gazzetta musicale di Milano», il «Corriere della Sera» e «Il Caffè», contribuendovi con una serie di appassionate recensioni dei contemporanei eventi musicali milanesi.

Helminthiases in Montes Claros. Preliminary survey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rina Girard Kaminsky

1976-04-01

Full Text Available A preliminary survey was conducted for the presence of helminths in the city of Montes Claros, M. G., Brazil. Three groups of persons were examined by the direct smear, Kato thick film and MIFC techniques; one group by direct smear and Kato only. General findings were: a high prevalence of hookworm, followed by ascariasis, S. mansoni, S. stercoralis and very light infections with T. trichiurá. E. vermicularis and H. nana were ranking parasites at an orphanage, with some hookworm and S. mansoni infections as well. At a pig slaughter house, the dominant parasites were hookworm and S. mansoni. Pig cysticercosis was an incidental finding worth mentioning for the health hazard it represents for humans as well as an economic loss. From the comparative results between the Kato and the MIF the former proved itself again as a more sensitive and reliable concentration method for helminth eggs, of low cost and easy performance.

Amphibians and Reptiles from Paramakatoi and Kato, Guyana

Science.gov (United States)

MacCulloch, Ross D.; Reynolds, Robert P.

2012-01-01

We report the herpetofauna of two neighboring upland locations in west-central Guyana. Twenty amphibian and 24 reptile species were collected. Only 40% of amphibians and 12.5% of reptiles were collected in both locations. This is one of the few collections made at upland (750–800 m) locations in the Guiana Shield.

[Evaluation (assessment) of three tests for diagnosis of geohelmints in Colombia].

Science.gov (United States)

López, Myriam Consuelo; Moncada, Ligia Inés; Ariza-Araújo, Yoseth; Fernández-Niño, Julián Alfredo; Reyes, Patricia; Nicholls, Rubén Santiago

2013-01-01

Soil-transmitted helminth infections are considered a public health problem in developing countries. The diagnostic tests, both for individual parient diagnosis as for population studies should be evaluated in terms of validity and reliability. To compare the direct examination, the modified Ritchie-Frick method, a Kato-Katz designed by a Brazilian group and one designed by the WHO, for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthes. A diagnostic test reliability study was performed. The same stool sample was analyzed by the same observer using four diagnostic tests. 204 samples were obtained, 194 of those fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The observers did not know the participants' identity neither the other tests results. For the analysis the Kato-Katz (WHO) was considered as the gold standard. For the reliability assessment percent agreement, positive percent agreement, Kappa statistic, and intraclass correlation were performed. The Brazilian Kato-Katz showed a good performance with high sensitivity and specificity for T. trichiura and Hookworm with values of 0.97 and 0.96 respectively, and a high specificity with mild sensitivity for A. lumbricoides (0.95 and 0.79) meanwhile the direct examination and the Ritche-Frick method showed a performance between mild and poor. The differences were higher for hookworm and Trichiuris trichiura than for Ascaris lumbricoides. The Brazilian Kato Katz test could be implemented, but further studies are needed to correlate its operative capacity with its feasibility, availability and cost.

Komunikasi Simbolik Dalam Upacara Pernikahan Manjapuik Marapulai di Nagari Paninjauan Sumatera Barat

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Lusiana Andriani Lubis

2017-02-01

Full Text Available The goal is this research to see the symbols of figurative language and to analyze the meaning and significance of symbols figurative language in the wedding ceremony manjapuik marapulai in Paninjauan village, Tanah Datar district, West Sumatera. The research employs qualitative study using content analysis (symbolic and analysis of Roland Barthes semiology be the significance of the two stages (two orders of signification denotation and connotation, as well as mythical as the development of connotation. The study found that symbols contained in panitahan at a ceremony manjapuik marapulai conform with values and philosophy of Minang adopted by local community. Symbols are included in the 15 sentences that comes from nature, conform with the philosophy of alam takambang manjadi guru as the sentence Tantangan kato ayam lai barinduak, which is a lesson from nature that chickens need of parent in guiding his life as well as humans who need parents in shows about customs. One sentence that comes to the religious teachings of Islam: Adat badiri di nan patuik, syarak mamakai pado dalil, limbago duduak bajauahan, tarapak sambah ka tangah, taunjuak ka muko rapek, the doctrine greeting to people who attend an event. Then 11 sentences that comes to tradition, philosophy, ideology and ethics of society as a sentence Pusako duduak di nan rapek, kato surang dibulati, kato basamo dipaiyo, direnjeang kato jo mupakat which is the ideology of the people in Paninjauan village that is discussion.

The effect of vitex agnus-castus on mastalgia in women

OpenAIRE

Leili Sekhavat; Tahereh Zare Tarzejani; Parvin Kholase zadeh

2009-01-01

Background: Vitex agnus-castus is a herbal drug with antiprolactin effect and it is effective in premenstrual syndrome and hypermenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vitex agnus-castus extract (chaste tree) in comparison with placebo in treating patients with mastalgia, and evaluation of its acceptability and side effects. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 117 women with mastalgia, aged 15-50 years old, referring to women’s health centers, were divided into...

Classifying spaces of degenerating polarized Hodge structures

CERN Document Server

Kato, Kazuya

2009-01-01

In 1970, Phillip Griffiths envisioned that points at infinity could be added to the classifying space D of polarized Hodge structures. In this book, Kazuya Kato and Sampei Usui realize this dream by creating a logarithmic Hodge theory. They use the logarithmic structures begun by Fontaine-Illusie to revive nilpotent orbits as a logarithmic Hodge structure. The book focuses on two principal topics. First, Kato and Usui construct the fine moduli space of polarized logarithmic Hodge structures with additional structures. Even for a Hermitian symmetric domain D, the present theory is a refinem

Mokyklos stresas ir mokyklos baimė: mokytojų nuomonių tyrimas

OpenAIRE

Bagdonas, Algimantas

2004-01-01

The article reviews various studies that analysed the phenomena of stress at school and the fear of school (the teacher’s perspective) and provides an overview of the research on stress at school and the fear of school performed among the Lithuanian teachers. It is found that the Lithuanian teachers are under the influence of stress at school and the fear of school and that this is related to the following: the structure of and the atmosphere in the organisation; work-related stress; the teac...

OBVLADOVANJE STRESA NA DELOVNEM MESTU V PODJETJU TAMES D.O.O.

OpenAIRE

Šegula, Andreja

2014-01-01

Kljub tehnološkemu napredku, ki v današnjem času olajšuje življenje, vse večkrat obstaja občutek, da se je vedno težje upirati vsakdanjim pritiskom. Prav zato so pri usklajevanju delovnih in domačih obveznosti potrebni koristni napotki za obvladovanje in nadziranje neprestanih zahtev. Zaradi prevelikih delovnih obremenitev se zaposleni v delovnem okolju nenehno srečujejo s stresom. Zato je potrebno uvesti rešitve, ki bodo pomagale pri boljšem obvladovanju teh težav in ki bodo v življenje vnes...

Evaluación de tres pruebas para el diagnóstico de geohelmintos en Colombia

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Myriam Consuelo López

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Las geohelmintiasis son un problema de salud pública en países en vía de desarrollo. Los estudios de diagnóstico a nivel individual, así como los estudios de población, deben incorporar evaluaciones de su validez y fiabilidad. Objetivo. Comparar el examen directo, el método de Ritchie-Frick modificado, el de Kato-Katz brasilero y el de Kato-Katz de la OMS, para el diagnóstico de geohelmintos. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de fiabilidad de pruebas diagnósticas. La misma muestra de materia fecal fue analizada por el mismo observador, empleando cuatro pruebas. Se recolectaron 204 muestras, de las cuales se analizaron 194 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Los observadores no conocían la identidad de los participantes, ni el resultado en las otras pruebas. Para el análisis se tomó como método de referencia, la prueba de Kato-Katz de la OMS. Para evaluar la fiabilidad se emplearon el porcentaje de concordancia, el porcentaje de concordancia positiva, la prueba estadística kappa y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Resultados. Se encontró un buen desempeño de la prueba brasilera de Kato-Katz, con alta sensibilidad y especificidad para Trichuris trichiura y Uncinaria sp., 0,97 y 0,96 respectivamente, en ambos valores, y alta especificidad y moderada sensibilidad para Ascaris lumbricoides (0,95 y 0,79, y un desempeño entre moderado y pobre para la prueba de Ritchie-Frick y el examen directo. Las diferencias fueron mayores para Uncinaria sp. y T. trichiura, que para A. lumbricoides. Conclusión. La prueba brasilera de Kato-Katz podría ser implementada, pero se necesitan más estudios para considerar la relación de su capacidad operativa con su factibilidad, disponibilidad y costo.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v33i1.633

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia.

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Yirgalem G/hiwot

Full Text Available Intestinal parasite infections are major public health problems of children in developing countries causing undernutrition, anemia, intestinal obstruction and mental and physical growth retardation. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in under-five children living in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate Ethiopia, April, 2013. Stool samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites using single Kato-Katz and single Sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF solution concentration methods. Out of 374 children examined using single Kato-Katz and single SAF-concentration methods, 24.3% were infected with at least one intestinal parasite species. About 10.4%, 8.8%, 4.6%, 2.9%, 1.6% and 0.8% of the children were infected with Hymenolepis nana, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis and hookworm, respectively. Prevalence of double, triple and quadruple intestinal helminthic infection was 6.4%, 0.54% and 1.1%, respectively. A significant increase in prevalence of S. mansoni (8.3% versus 3.2% and T. trichiura (2.7% versus 0.5% infection was observed when determined via the single Kato-Katz method compared to the prevalence of the parasites determined via the single SAF-concentration method. On the other hand, the single SAF-concentration method (9.1% revealed a significantly higher prevalence of H. nana infection than the single Kato-Katz (1.6% does. In conclusion, intestinal helminths infections particularly S. mansoni and H. nana were prevalent in under-five children of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate. Including praziquantel treatment in the deworming program as per the World Health Organization guidelines would be vital to reduce the burden of these diseases in areas where S. mansoni and H. nana

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

G/hiwot, Yirgalem; Degarege, Abraham; Erko, Berhanu

2014-01-01

Intestinal parasite infections are major public health problems of children in developing countries causing undernutrition, anemia, intestinal obstruction and mental and physical growth retardation. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among children under five years of age with emphasis on Schistosoma mansoni in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in under-five children living in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate Ethiopia, April, 2013. Stool samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasites using single Kato-Katz and single Sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF) solution concentration methods. Out of 374 children examined using single Kato-Katz and single SAF-concentration methods, 24.3% were infected with at least one intestinal parasite species. About 10.4%, 8.8%, 4.6%, 2.9%, 1.6% and 0.8% of the children were infected with Hymenolepis nana, Schistosoma mansoni, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis and hookworm, respectively. Prevalence of double, triple and quadruple intestinal helminthic infection was 6.4%, 0.54% and 1.1%, respectively. A significant increase in prevalence of S. mansoni (8.3% versus 3.2%) and T. trichiura (2.7% versus 0.5%) infection was observed when determined via the single Kato-Katz method compared to the prevalence of the parasites determined via the single SAF-concentration method. On the other hand, the single SAF-concentration method (9.1%) revealed a significantly higher prevalence of H. nana infection than the single Kato-Katz (1.6%) does. In conclusion, intestinal helminths infections particularly S. mansoni and H. nana were prevalent in under-five children of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate. Including praziquantel treatment in the deworming program as per the World Health Organization guidelines would be vital to reduce the burden of these diseases in areas where S. mansoni and H. nana infections are

The accuracy of formol-ether concentration in diagnosing soiltransmitted helminths in elementary school 27 Peusangan in Bireuen

Science.gov (United States)

Fitriani, C. L.; Panggabean, M.; Pasaribu, A. P.

2018-03-01

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) or a group of parasitic nematode worms causing human infection through contact with moist soil may contribute to anemia, nutritional disorders, physical and intellectual growth retardation. School-age children are at high risk of STH infection due to frequent contact with soil. Reliable, sensitive, and practical diagnostic are the test series for detecting STH. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the formol-ether concentration (FEC) in the diagnosis of STH when compared to the Kato-Katz technique. The study was designed at state elementary school 27 Peusangan, Bireuen. The FEC study on a total of 80 (100%) elementary students showed that 12 (15%) sample had the STH infection, while Kato-Katz technique (Gold standard) showed that 31 (38.75%) sample had the STH infection. The FEC technique has the sensitivity of (38.71%), specificity of (100%) and accuracy of (76.25%). The Kato-Katz technique is better than the FEC technique for assessing STH in Bireuen due to mild infection.

An approach to an analysis of the energy response of LiF-TLD to high energy electrons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiragai, A.

1977-01-01

Responses of LiF-TLD to high energy electrons relative to 60 Co γ-rays were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The Burlin et al. theory (Burlin, T.E., Snelling, R.J., and Owen, B., 1969, in Proc.2nd Symp. on Microdosimetry, Stresa, Italy; Brussels: Commission of European Communities; p.455), its modified version by Almond and McCray (Almond, P.R., and McCray, K., 1970, Phys.Med.Biol., vol.15, 335 and 746) and the Holt et al. semi-empirical theory (Holt, J.G., Edelstein, G.R., and Clark, T.E., 1975, Phys.Med.Biol., vol.20, 559) were examined in comparison with each experiment. An approximate approach to theoretical analysis of energy response of LiF-TLD was attempted and compared with some experimental results. (author)

Piety, presumed displeasure and purity : a discourse analytical examination of the presentation of women’s sexuality in the ‘big three’

OpenAIRE

Bachechi, Kim; Hall, Matthew

2015-01-01

The new millennium saw the emergence of two competing discourses in US pop culture on young women's sexuality: ‘girls gone wild’ and ‘new virgins.’ Feminists have seen these oppositional discourses – all women are either pressured to be either porn stars or chaste virgins – as being regressive and harmful, or have questioned how ‘empowering’ they really are. Levy's [Levy, A., 2006. Female chauvinist pigs. New York: Free Press] research identified the ‘girls gone wild’ discourse from auditions...

Cytotoxicity and apoptotic inducibility of Vitex agnus-castus fruit extract in cultured human normal and cancer cells and effect on growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Ohyama, Kunio; Akaike, Takenori; Hirobe, Chieko; Yamakawa, Toshio

2003-01-01

A crude extract was prepared with ethanol from dried ripened Vitex agnus-castus fruits growing in Israel (Vitex extract). Cytotoxicity of the extract against human uterine cervical canal fibroblast (HCF), human embryo fibroblast (HE-21), ovarian cancer (MCF-7), cervical carcinoma (SKG-3a), breast carcinoma (SKOV-3), gastric signet ring carcinoma (KATO-III), colon carcinoma (COLO 201), and small cell lung carcinoma (Lu-134-A-H) cells was examined. After culture for 24 h (logarithmic growth phase) or 72 h (stationary growth phase), the cells were treated with various concentrations of Vitex extract. In both growth phases, higher growth activity of cells and more cytotoxic activity of Vitex extract were seen. The cytotoxic activity against stationary growth-phase cells was less than that against logarithmic growth-phase cells. DNA fragmentation of Vitex extract-treated cells was seen in SKOV-3, KATO-III, COLO 201, and Lu-134-A-H cells. The DNA fragmentation in Vitex extract-treated KATO-III cells was inhibited by the presence of the antioxidative reagent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Western blotting analysis showed that in Vitex extract-treated KATO-III cells, the presence of NAC also inhibited the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and the active forms of caspases-3, -8 and -9. It is concluded that the cytotoxic activity of Vitex extract may be attributed to the effect on cell growth, that cell death occurs through apoptosis, and that this apoptotic cell death may be attributed to increased intracellular oxidation by Vitex extract treatment.

Combination of five diagnostic tests to estimate the prevalence of hookworm infection among school-aged children from a rural area of colombia.

Science.gov (United States)

Barreto, Rafael E; Narváez, Javier; Sepúlveda, Natalia A; Velásquez, Fabián C; Díaz, Sandra C; López, Myriam Consuelo; Reyes, Patricia; Moncada, Ligia I

2017-09-01

Public health programs for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiases require valid diagnostic tests for surveillance and parasitic control evaluation. However, there is currently no agreement about what test should be used as a gold standard for the diagnosis of hookworm infection. Still, in presence of concurrent data for multiple tests it is possible to use statistical models to estimate measures of test performance and prevalence. The aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of five parallel tests (direct microscopic examination, Kato-Katz, Harada-Mori, modified Ritchie-Frick, and culture in agar plate) to detect hookworm infections in a sample of school-aged children from a rural area in Colombia. We used both, a frequentist approach, and Bayesian latent class models to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of five tests for hookworm detection, and to estimate the prevalence of hookworm infection in absence of a Gold Standard. The Kato-Katz and agar plate methods had an overall agreement of 95% and kappa coefficient of 0.76. Different models estimated a sensitivity between 76% and 92% for the agar plate technique, and 52% to 87% for the Kato-Katz technique. The other tests had lower sensitivity. All tests had specificity between 95% and 98%. The prevalence estimated by the Kato-Katz and Agar plate methods for different subpopulations varied between 10% and 14%, and was consistent with the prevalence estimated from the combination of all tests. The Harada-Mori, Ritchie-Frick and direct examination techniques resulted in lower and disparate prevalence estimates. Bayesian approaches assuming imperfect specificity resulted in lower prevalence estimates than the frequentist approach. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparing concentration methods: parasitrap® versus Kato-Katz for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

haran Africa, afflicting both children and adults with their level of prevalence depending ... host and infected whether by oral or by dermal channels. (in the case of .... Discussion. The pathologies caused by parasites are, in the majority of cases ...

Comparison of ELISA, radioimmunoassay and stool examination for Schistosoma mansoni infection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Long, E G [Ministry of Health, St. Lucia (West Indies); McLaren, M M; Goddard, M J [London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (UK); Bartholomew, R K; Goodgame, R [Rockefeller Foundation, New York (USA); Peters, P [Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (USA)

1981-01-01

A comparison was made of the sensitivity and specificity of four diagnostic tests for Schistosoma mansoni infection in a community of 516 untreated persons in St. Lucia, West Indies. Prevalence of infection as obtained by: (i) the Bell filtration technique was 44.4% (one filter) and 63.2% (three filters); (ii) the Kato thick smear, 60.2%; (iii) by radioimmunoassay (RIA), using /sup 125/I, 73.3%; and (iv) enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA) 70.9%. The age distribution of persons serologically positive but parasitologically negative showed these to be mostly children and persons 40 years old and over. By means of a statistical test due to Cochrane it was concluded that there was no evidence to indicate a difference between paired serological tests and paired parasitological tests in their diagnostic capability. There was a very significant difference between the Bell technique and the other three tests. The ELISA emerged as a less satisfactory test than the RIA or the Kato thick smear. The levels of sensitivity and specificity of each test were measured by Armitage's ''J'' index. The reliability of the Bell filtration technique was 64%, of the ELISA 68%, of the RIA 78% and of the Kato 85%.

Psihosociālo risku ietekme uz nodarbinātajiem izglītības iestādē. Preventīvie pasākumi

OpenAIRE

Reine, Inga

2013-01-01

Maģistra darbs,, Psihosociālo risku ietekme uz izglītības nozarē strādājošajiem. Preventīvie pasākumi” izstrādāts ar mērķi analizēt psihosociālos riskus Latvijas izglītības sistēmā kopumā un to ietekmi uz pedagoga arodveselību un darbaspējām.Darbā apkopota informācija un dažādu autoru teorētiskās nostādnes par psihosociālajiem riskiem, pētīta stresa ietekme uz cilvēka veselību un darba kvalitāti.Maģistra darba praktiskajā daļā tiek veikta Rīgas Centra sākumskolas pedagogu kolektīva darba vi...

Schistosomiasis in the Amazon region: is the current diagnostic strategy still appropriate?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergei Rodrigo Magalhães de Sousa

Full Text Available Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the performance of the Kato Katz technique in detecting intestinal schistosomiasis in the State of Pará. METHODS: Of three stool samples provided by each of 380 participants, a total of 16 Kato Katz slides were examined to define the reference value (RV of positives for comparisons. RESULTS: The RV revealed 37 (9.7% infected participants in contrast to 10 (2.6% according to a single slide. CONCLUSIONS: This significant underestimation of the infection rate gives reason to discuss if the current classification of prevalence levels reflects the real situation, principally in low transmission areas, like the Amazon region.

2nd ISPRA nuclear electronics symposium, Stresa, Italy May 20-23, 1975

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-06-01

Two round tables were annexed to the 2nd Ispra Nuclear Electronics Symposium. The first one was concerned with software support for the implementation of microprocessors, MOS and bipolar microporcessors, environmental data systems, and the use of microprocessors and minicomputers in nuclear, biomedical and environmental fields. Nuclear electronics future, and its diversification, gravitational waves and electronics, the environmental measurements of air and water quality were discussed during the second round table, and relevant feelings brought out during the discussion on the extension of nuclear electronics techniques to other fields

Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition-induced growth arrest of human gastric cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Suzuki, Kanayo [Laboratory of Cell Biology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094 (Japan); Sakaguchi, Minoru, E-mail: sakaguti@gly.oups.ac.jp [Laboratory of Cell Biology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094 (Japan); Tanaka, Satoshi [Laboratory of Cell Biology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094 (Japan); Yoshimoto, Tadashi [Department of Life Science, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508 (Japan); Takaoka, Masanori [Laboratory of Cell Biology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094 (Japan)

2014-01-03

Highlights: •We examined the effects of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) inhibition on p53 null gastric cancer cell growth. •POP inhibition-induced cell growth suppression was associated with an increase in a quiescent G{sub 0} state. •POP might regulate the exit from and/or reentry into the cell cycle. -- Abstract: Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a serine endopeptidase that hydrolyzes post-proline peptide bonds in peptides that are <30 amino acids in length. We recently reported that POP inhibition suppressed the growth of human neuroblastoma cells. The growth suppression was associated with pronounced G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} cell cycle arrest and increased levels of the CDK inhibitor p27{sup kip1} and the tumor suppressor p53. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of POP inhibition-induced cell growth arrest using a human gastric cancer cell line, KATO III cells, which had a p53 gene deletion. POP specific inhibitors, 3-((4-[2-(E)-styrylphenoxy]butanoyl)-L-4-hydroxyprolyl)-thiazolidine (SUAM-14746) and benzyloxycarbonyl-thioprolyl-thioprolinal, or RNAi-mediated POP knockdown inhibited the growth of KATO III cells irrespective of their p53 status. SUAM-14746-induced growth inhibition was associated with G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} cell cycle phase arrest and increased levels of p27{sup kip1} in the nuclei and the pRb2/p130 protein expression. Moreover, SUAM-14746-mediated cell cycle arrest of KATO III cells was associated with an increase in the quiescent G{sub 0} state, defined by low level staining for the proliferation marker, Ki-67. These results indicate that POP may be a positive regulator of cell cycle progression by regulating the exit from and/or reentry into the cell cycle by KATO III cells.

Testing of the coping flexibility hypothesis based on the dual-process theory: Relationships between coping flexibility and depressive Symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Tsukasa

2015-12-15

According to the dual-process theory of coping flexibility (Kato, 2012), coping flexibility is the ability to discontinue an ineffective coping strategy (i.e., evaluation coping process) and implement an alternative strategy (i.e., adaptive coping process). The coping flexibility hypothesis (CFH) proposes that the ability to engage in flexible coping is related to better psychological functioning and physical health, including less depression. I the present study, participants were 393 American Whites, 429 Australian Whites, and 496 Chinese, selected from the data pool of the 2013 Coping and Health Survey (see Kato, 2014b). They completed both the Coping Flexibility Scale (Kato, 2012), which is based on the dual-process theory of coping flexibility, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). For all nationalities and genders, evaluation coping and adaptive coping were significantly correlated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling revealed that evaluation coping was associated with lower depressive symptoms for all nationalities and genders, whereas no significant relationships between adaptive coping and depressive symptoms were found for any nationalities. Our results partially supported that the CFH fits with the dual-process theory of coping flexibility. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Initiating NTD programs targeting schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Establishment of baseline prevalence for mass drug administration.

Science.gov (United States)

Kabore, Achille; Ibikounle, Moudachirou; Tougoue, Jean Jacques; Mupoyi, Sylvain; Ndombe, Martin; Shannon, Scott; Ottesen, Eric A; Mukunda, Faustin; Awaca, Naomi

2017-02-01

Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are widely distributed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and constitute a serious public health problem. As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), before launching mass chemotherapy to control these diseases, parasitological surveys were conducted in sentinel sites in six health zones (HZs) in Bandundu and Maniema provinces. Baseline prevalence and intensity of infection for SCH and STH were determined to establish the appropriate treatment plan using Praziquantel (PZQ) and Albendazole (ALB). Parasitological surveys were conducted from April to May 2015 in twenty-six selected sampling units (schools) for baseline mapping in six HZs: Fifty school children (25 females and 25 males) aged 9-15 years were randomly selected per sampling unit. A total of 1300 samples (urine and stool) were examined using haematuria dipsticks, parasite-egg filtration and the point-of-care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) assay for urine samples and the Kato-Katz technique for stool specimens. Three species of schistosomes (S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. intercalatum) and three groups of STH (hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris) were detected at variable prevalence and intensity among the schools, the HZs and the provinces. In Bandundu, no SCH was detected by either Kato-Katz or the POC-CCA technique, despite a high prevalence of STH with 68% and 80% at Kiri and Pendjua HZs, respectively. In Maniema, intestinal schistosomiasis was detected by both Kato-Katz and POC-CCA with an average prevalence by Kato-Katz of 32.8% and by POC-CCA of 42.1%. Comparative studies confirmed the greater sensitivity (and operational feasibility) of the POC-CCA test on urine compared to Kato-Katz examination of stool for diagnosing intestinal schistosomiasis even in areas of comparatively light infections. STH was widely distributed and present in all HZs with a mean prevalence (95% CI) of 59.62% (46.00-65.00%). The

NATO Conference on Work, Organizations, and Technological Change

CERN Document Server

Niehaus, Richard

1982-01-01

This volume is the proceedings of the Symposium entitled, "Work, Organizations and Technological Change" which was held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, 14-19 June 1981. The meeting was sponsored by the Special Panel on Systems Sciences of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. In proposing this meeting the Symposium Directors built upon several preceding NATO conferences in the general area of personnel systems, manpower modelling, and organization. The most recent NATO Conference, entitled "Manpower Planning and Organization Design," was held in Stresa, Italy in 1977. That meeting was organized to foster research on the interrelationships between programmatic approaches to personnel planning within organizations and behavioral science approachs to organization design. From that context of corporate planning the total internal organizational perspective was the MACRO view, and the selection, assignment, care and feeding of the people was the MICRO view. Conceptually, this meant that an integrated appr...

Devastating consequences of sex trafficking on women's health.

Science.gov (United States)

McTavish, Fr James

2017-11-01

Sex trafficking has devastating consequences on the physical and mental well-being of millions of women around the world. These trafficking victims often come in contact with medical personnel, and these encounters with suitably prepared staff can be a step toward healing of the victims. The Catholic Church, especially through Pope Francis, is making strenuous efforts to curb the spread of sex trafficking. Same-sex feelings and behavior may arise post-trafficking in individuals, although this does not appear to be mentioned thus far in the literature. Here, we are most likely dealing with a type of "pseudo-lesbianism" post-trauma. The trafficking survivor can be helped to understand some of the likely roots of her feelings such as anti-male sentiments following abuse. She needs to be patiently, and expertly, accompanied to process the trauma she has experienced, and learn how to meet her genuine needs for female affection and affirmation in healthy, chaste, and non-erotic ways. Around the world, millions of female victims of human trafficking are forced into sex "work," often resulting in serious physical and mental-health problems. Healthcare staff should be alert to spot victims of sex trafficking and be ready to assist them. The Catholic Church, especially through Pope Francis, has been vocal in denouncing this form of modern slavery. Some female victims of sex trafficking may experience same-sex feelings afterward. Healing for such young women involves helping them to process their traumatic experiences, as well as patiently accompanying them as they seek to develop healthy, chaste friendships with other females and males.

Phytoestrogens: a viable option?

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, Lori; Hicks, G Swink; Low, Annette K; Shepherd, Jinna M; Brown, C Andrew

2002-10-01

Estrogen replacement therapy is one of the most commonly prescribed medicines in the United States by traditional medical professionals. Over the past decade, the market for complementary/ alternative therapies for hormone replacement has dramatically increased. Women are seeking more "natural" alternatives to treat menopausal symptoms. Well-designed randomized clinical trials are often lacking, as is the information on efficacy and safety. This article will review several popular herbal therapies for menopausal symptoms including phytoestrogens, black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), dong quai (Angelica sinensis), chast tree (Vitex agnus-castus), and wild Mexican yam. Their use, mechanism of action, and adverse effects are outlined.

VPLIV STRESA NA DELO IN ZDRAVJE REŠEVALCEV V NUJNI MEDICINSKI POMOČI

OpenAIRE

Javernik, Tanja

2012-01-01

Izhodišča: V diplomskem delu smo izpostavili stres, ki je neizogiben del življenja v nujni medicinski pomoči. Reševalci v nujni medicinski pomoči se dnevno srečujejo z različnimi obremenjujočimi situacijami, ki lahko vplivajo na počutje, delovanje organizma, psihično ravnovesje, imunost in zdravje posameznika. Z raziskavo smo ugotavljali, v kolikšni meri so reševalci v službi nujne medicinske pomoči pri svojem delu izpostavljeni stresnim situacijam in obremenitvam kot so: neučakani pacient...

Study of Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay of (E ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Study of Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay of (E)-piplartine by the Ames test. AA Morandim-Giannetti, F Cotinguiba, LO Regasini, MC Frigieri, EA Varanda, A Coqueiro, MJ Kato, VS Bolzani, M Furlan ...

Prevalencia de helmintos intestinales en gatos domésticos del departamento del Quindío, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Marcela Echeverry

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Las enfermedades producidas por helmintos están ampliamente distribuidas en elmundo y muchas de ellas se consideran zoonosis. Los animales de compañía cumplen un papeltrascendental en la transmisión a los humanos. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de helmintos intestinales en gatos del departamento del Quindío. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron 121 gatos domésticos del departamento del Quindío, delos cuales se registraron los datos de sexo, edad y condición corporal. Se recolectaron heces y seprocesaron mediante las técnicas de Ritchie modificada y de Kato-Katz. Resultados. De los 121 gatos, 42,14 % (IC95%: 33,35-50,94 y 45,45 % (IC95%: 36,58-54,32 resultaronparasitados con alguna especie de helminto adulto según la presencia de huevos en sus heces,mediante las técnicas de Ritchie y de Kato-Katz, respectivamente. Toxocara cati fue el parásito másprevalente (Ritchie: 37,2 %; Kato-Katz: 43 %, seguido por Ancylostoma spp. (Ritchie: 7,43 %; Kato-Katz: 5,78 % y Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Ritchie: 0,82 %.Sesenta y cinco (53,71 % gatos eran hembras y 56 (46,28 % eran machos; la prevalencia de infecciónfue similar en ambos sexos. Los felinos mayores de 4 años de edad presentaron mayor prevalenciade parásitos (81,8 %, seguidos por los de 1 a 4 años (48,8 % y, por último, por los menores de unaño (28,6 %. Se encontró una buena condición corporal en 77,68 % y este grupo presentó menorfrecuencia de helmintos intestinales. Conclusión. La prevalencia de helmintos intestinales en gatos domésticos del departamento delQuindío fue de 43,8 %, lo que hace necesario establecer programas de vigilancia y prevención en lapoblación humana y felina.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.439

NATO Conference on Manpower Planning and Organization Design

CERN Document Server

Niehaus, Richard

1978-01-01

This volume is the proceedings of the conference entitled "Manpower Planning and Organization Design" which was held in Stresa, Italy, 20-24 June 1977. The Conference was sponsored by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division and organized jointly through the Special Programs Panels on Human Factors and on Systems Science. Two Conference Directors were appointed with overall responsibilities for the programme and for policy, and they were assisted in their tasks by a small advisory panel consisting of Professor A. Charnes (University of Texas), Professor W.W. Cooper (Carnegie Mellon University, now at Harvard University) and Dr. F.A. Heller (TavistQck Institute of Human Relations). Professor R. Florio of Bergamo kindly agreed to become Administrative Director and, as such, was responsible for all the local arrangements. The Conference Directors were further assisted by "national points of contact" appointed from each of the member countries of NATO. These national representatives played a substantial part in the s...

A necessary and sufficient condition for well-posedness of initial value problems of retarded functional differential equations

Science.gov (United States)

Nishiguchi, Junya

2017-09-01

We introduce the retarded functional differential equations (RFDEs) with general delay structure to treat various delay differential equations (DDEs) in a unified way and to clarify the delay structure in those dynamics. We are interested in the question as to which space of histories is suitable for the dynamics of each DDE, and investigate the well-posedness of the initial value problems (IVPs) of the RFDEs. A main theorem is that the IVP is well-posed for any ;admissible; history functional if and only if the semigroup determined by the trivial RFDE x ˙ = 0 is continuous. We clarify the meaning of the Hale-Kato axiom (Hale & Kato [12]) by applying this result to RFDEs with infinite delay. We also apply the result to DDEs with unbounded time- and state-dependent delays.

Dilemmas and discourses on the continuity of the Indian towns of La Rioja's jurisdiction under the Bourbon reforms Dilemas y discursos sobre la continuidad de los pueblos de indios de la jurisdicción de La Rioja bajo las reformas borbónicas

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Roxana Boixadós

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The work approaches the challenges to the continuity of the towns of raised Indians of the Rioja from the speeches of civil employees, neighborsand you cure parish priests who marked the old native corporation like a "problem" throughout century XVIII. The policies implemented by the borbónica management aimed to obtain greater fiscal collection through periodic empadronamientos and you revisit that they on a par categorizaban to the population that evaluated of critical way the chaste relation between the tributary one and the rights to earth. Diverse proposals of transfers of population, "depopulated" earth leasing or closing threatened the continuity of the towns of Indians and generated different alternatives from chaste answer on the part of the tributary one.El trabajo aborda los desafíos a la continuidad de los pueblos de indios de La Rioja, planteados a partir de los discursos de funcionarios, vecinos y curas párrocos que marcaban a la antigua corporación nativa como un "problema" a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Las políticas implementadas por la gestión borbónica apuntaron a lograr mayor recaudación fiscal a través de periódicos empadronamientos y revisitas que categorizaban a la población, a la par que evaluaban de manera crítica la relación entre la casta tributaria y los derechos a las tierras. Propuestas diversas de traslados de población, arriendo o remate de tierras “despobladas” amenazaron la continuidad de los pueblos de indios y generaron distintas alternativas de respuesta por parte de la casta tributaria.

Main: PPD203 [AT Atlas

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available PPD203 PPD2 LED light for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) detection Development of ...innovative methods to support membrane protein crystallization Hiroaki Kato Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University PPD203.csml ...

[Herbal medicine in womens' life cycle].

Science.gov (United States)

Ben-Arye, Eran; Oren, Amnon; Ben-Arie, Alon

2006-10-01

Women use herbs and other traditional and complementary modalities to treat various ailments throughout their life circle. This article reviewed 19 randomized controlled trials, which studied efficacy and safety of various herbs in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy and menopausal hot flushes. Preliminary data support the efficacy of Chaste tree fruit (Vitex agnus) in the treatment of PMS, Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum and (Cimicifuga racemosa) in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes. Additional and more rigorous studies are warranted in order to support the efficacy and safety of these herbal remedies.

Gynecology: select topics.

Science.gov (United States)

Sidani, Mohamad; Campbell, James

2002-06-01

Menopause, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, female fertility, and mastalgia are common problems not easily treated by conventional medicine. Women often seek alternative therapies to help address these conditions. Some evidence points to the efficacy of black cohosh, exercise, and possibly Kava and St. John's wort, in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinical trials indicate that symptoms of premenstrual syndrome may be alleviated with calcium, magnesium, vitamin E. Thiamine, omega-3 fatty acids, the Japanese herbal concoction, TSS, and calcium have proved useful in treating women with dysmenorrhea. Symptoms of mastalgia may be attenuated by evening primrose oil, chaste tree and flaxseed oil may be helpful.

Comparison of a new multiplex real-time PCR with the Kato Katz thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA for the detection and differentiation of Taenia spp. in human stools.

Science.gov (United States)

Ng-Nguyen, Dinh; Stevenson, Mark A; Dorny, Pierre; Gabriël, Sarah; Vo, Tinh Van; Nguyen, Van-Anh Thi; Phan, Trong Van; Hii, Sze Fui; Traub, Rebecca J

2017-07-01

Taenia solium, the cause of neurocysticercosis (NCC), has significant socioeconomic impacts on communities in developing countries. This disease, along with taeniasis is estimated to infect 2.5 to 5 million people globally. Control of T. solium NCC necessitates accurate diagnosis and treatment of T. solium taeniasis carriers. In areas where all three species of Taenia tapeworms (T. solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica) occur sympatrically, conventional microscope- and copro-antigen based diagnostic methods are unable to distinguish between these three Taenia species. Molecular diagnostic tools have been developed to overcome this limitation; however, conventional PCR-based techniques remain unsuitable for large-scale deployment in community-based surveys. Moreover, a real-time PCR (qPCR) for the discrimination of all three species of Taenia in human stool does not exist. This study describes the development and validation of a new triplex Taq-Man probe-based qPCR for the detection and discrimination of all three Taenia human tapeworms in human stools collected from communities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The diagnostic characteristics of the test are compared with conventional Kato Katz (KK) thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA (cAgELISA) method utilizing fecal samples from a community based cross-sectional study. Using this new multiplex real-time PCR we provide an estimate of the true prevalence of taeniasis in the source population for the community based cross-sectional study. Primers and TaqMan probes for the specific amplification of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica were designed and successfully optimized to target the internal transcribed spacer I (ITS-1) gene of T. solium and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX-1) gene of T. saginata and T. asiatica. The newly designed triplex qPCR (T3qPCR) was compared to KK and cAgELISA for the detection of Taenia eggs in stool samples collected from 342 individuals in Dak Lak province, Central

Comparison of a new multiplex real-time PCR with the Kato Katz thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA for the detection and differentiation of Taenia spp. in human stools.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dinh Ng-Nguyen

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Taenia solium, the cause of neurocysticercosis (NCC, has significant socioeconomic impacts on communities in developing countries. This disease, along with taeniasis is estimated to infect 2.5 to 5 million people globally. Control of T. solium NCC necessitates accurate diagnosis and treatment of T. solium taeniasis carriers. In areas where all three species of Taenia tapeworms (T. solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica occur sympatrically, conventional microscope- and copro-antigen based diagnostic methods are unable to distinguish between these three Taenia species. Molecular diagnostic tools have been developed to overcome this limitation; however, conventional PCR-based techniques remain unsuitable for large-scale deployment in community-based surveys. Moreover, a real-time PCR (qPCR for the discrimination of all three species of Taenia in human stool does not exist. This study describes the development and validation of a new triplex Taq-Man probe-based qPCR for the detection and discrimination of all three Taenia human tapeworms in human stools collected from communities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The diagnostic characteristics of the test are compared with conventional Kato Katz (KK thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA (cAgELISA method utilizing fecal samples from a community based cross-sectional study. Using this new multiplex real-time PCR we provide an estimate of the true prevalence of taeniasis in the source population for the community based cross-sectional study.Primers and TaqMan probes for the specific amplification of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica were designed and successfully optimized to target the internal transcribed spacer I (ITS-1 gene of T. solium and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX-1 gene of T. saginata and T. asiatica. The newly designed triplex qPCR (T3qPCR was compared to KK and cAgELISA for the detection of Taenia eggs in stool samples collected from 342 individuals in Dak Lak province

Comparison of a new multiplex real-time PCR with the Kato Katz thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA for the detection and differentiation of Taenia spp. in human stools

Science.gov (United States)

Stevenson, Mark A.; Dorny, Pierre; Gabriël, Sarah; Vo, Tinh Van; Nguyen, Van-Anh Thi; Phan, Trong Van; Hii, Sze Fui; Traub, Rebecca J.

2017-01-01

Background Taenia solium, the cause of neurocysticercosis (NCC), has significant socioeconomic impacts on communities in developing countries. This disease, along with taeniasis is estimated to infect 2.5 to 5 million people globally. Control of T. solium NCC necessitates accurate diagnosis and treatment of T. solium taeniasis carriers. In areas where all three species of Taenia tapeworms (T. solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica) occur sympatrically, conventional microscope- and copro-antigen based diagnostic methods are unable to distinguish between these three Taenia species. Molecular diagnostic tools have been developed to overcome this limitation; however, conventional PCR-based techniques remain unsuitable for large-scale deployment in community-based surveys. Moreover, a real-time PCR (qPCR) for the discrimination of all three species of Taenia in human stool does not exist. This study describes the development and validation of a new triplex Taq-Man probe-based qPCR for the detection and discrimination of all three Taenia human tapeworms in human stools collected from communities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The diagnostic characteristics of the test are compared with conventional Kato Katz (KK) thick smear and copro-antigen ELISA (cAgELISA) method utilizing fecal samples from a community based cross-sectional study. Using this new multiplex real-time PCR we provide an estimate of the true prevalence of taeniasis in the source population for the community based cross-sectional study. Methodology/Principal findings Primers and TaqMan probes for the specific amplification of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica were designed and successfully optimized to target the internal transcribed spacer I (ITS-1) gene of T. solium and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COX-1) gene of T. saginata and T. asiatica. The newly designed triplex qPCR (T3qPCR) was compared to KK and cAgELISA for the detection of Taenia eggs in stool samples collected from 342

Experimental and theoretical studies of d-dot

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishida, Takekazu; Fujii, Masaki; Abe, Taiji; Yamamoto, Masuo; Miki, Shigehito; Kawamata, Shuichi; Satoh, Kazuo; Yotsuya, Tsutomu; Kato, Masaru; Machida, Masahiko; Koyama, Tomio; Terashima, Takahito; Tsukui, Shigeki; Adachi, Motoaki

2006-01-01

We propose the idea of d-dot, where a d-wave superconducting dot is embedded in s-wave matrix. Spontaneous half vortices should appear in the four corners of the d-dot [M. Kato, M. Ako, M. Machida, T. Koyama, T. Ishida, Physica C 412-414 (2004) 352; M. Ako, M. Kato, M. Machida, T. Koyama, T. Ishida, Physica C 412-414 (2004) 544; M. Fujii, T. Abe, H. Yoshikawa, S. Miki, S. Kawamata, K. Satoh, T. Yotsuya, M. Kato, M. Machida, T. Koyama, T. Terashima, S. Tsukui, M. Adachi, T. Ishida, Physica C 426-431 (2005) 104]. Symmetric geometry and the fourfold symmetry of the d-dot would be suitable as a building block for constructing the novel physical systems. The phase dynamics of a closed 0-π junction, which can be realized in a small d x 2 -y 2 -dot, is mapped on a quantum two-level system when the system size is small enough. Using two-component Ginzburg-Landau equation, we study the physical properties of d-dots systematically. We prepare epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) films of thickness 100nm on SrTiO 3 substrates using a laser ablation apparatus. The d-dot is fabricated by a photolithography, electron beam lithography EB and an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etching, a focused ion beam microscope, and a lift-off technique. Local vortex profile is investigated using a SQUID microscope when d-dot is cooled in zero field

Kuni 26. XI on Viljandi Linnagaleriis...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Eesti Klaasikunstnike Ühenduse aastanäitus "Katkised asjad". Osalevad 22 eesti kunstnikku (loetletud), Mika Kato Jaapanist, Robert Tannahill Kanadast, Marta Gibiete, Barbala Gulbe ja Inita Emane Lätist. Näituse on koostanud Kati Kerstna ja Maret Sarapu

On the seasonal transition from winter to spring in Europe and the "seasonal feeling" relating to "Fasnacht" in comparison with those in East Asia (Toward an interdisciplinary activity on climate and cultural understanding education)

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Kuranoshin; Kato, Haruko; Hamaki, Tatsuya

2016-04-01

As mentioned in the introduction of the EGU2016 abstract (Kato et al., submitted to CL5.06/AS4.9), there are many stages with rapid seasonal transitions in East Asia, resulting in the variety of "seasonal feeling". The seasonal cycle has been an important background for generation of the arts. On the other hand, around Germany located near the western edge of the Eurasian Continent, there are so many music or literature works in which the "May" is treated as the special season (comparison of the climate and songs on "spring" (or "May") between Japan and Germany was tried in a book by Kato, H. and K. Kato, although written in Japanese). The Japanese researchers on German Literature suggested that there are basically two seasons "winter" and "summer" around Germany, with the transitional stages of spring and autumn. The concepts of the battle between winter and summer, and driving winter away, and so on, around Germany seem to show rather different seasonal feelings from that around the Japan Islands (Oshio 1982; Miyashita 1982; Takeda 1980). A traditional event there called "Fasnacht" for driving winter away is held in March or slightly earlier stage (Takeda 1980; Ueda and Ebato 1988). Kato et al. (EGU2016, submitted to CL5.06/AS4.9) will report the synoptic climatological features on the seasonal transition from winter to spring in Europe based on the daily data, by comparing with that in East Asia. In this presentation, we will discuss on the climatological background for the "seasonal feeling" leading to such as the battle between winter and summer, driving winter away, including "Fasnacht", also by referring to some songs (children's songs, etc.). At the same time, the analysis results on the seasonal transition from winter to spring in Europe in comparison with those in East Asia by Kato et al. (EGU2016) will be also referred to. On the other hand, although it is around the end of March when the "wintertime pressure pattern" on the daily surface weather maps in

Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in different settings of Côte d'Ivoire.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean T Coulibaly

2011-11-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Promising results have been reported for a urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. We assessed the accuracy of a commercially available CCA cassette test (designated CCA-A and an experimental formulation (CCA-B for S. mansoni diagnosis. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in three settings of Côte d'Ivoire: settings A and B are endemic for S. mansoni, whereas S. haematobium co-exists in setting C. Overall, 446 children, aged 8-12 years, submitted multiple stool and urine samples. For S. mansoni diagnosis, stool samples were examined with triplicate Kato-Katz, whereas urine samples were tested with CCA-A. The first stool and urine samples were additionally subjected to an ether-concentration technique and CCA-B, respectively. Urine samples were examined for S. haematobium using a filtration method, and for microhematuria using Hemastix dipsticks. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Considering nine Kato-Katz as diagnostic 'gold' standard, the prevalence of S. mansoni in setting A, B and C was 32.9%, 53.1% and 91.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of triplicate Kato-Katz from the first stool and a single CCA-A test was 47.9% and 56.3% (setting A, 73.9% and 69.6% (setting B, and 94.2% and 89.6% (setting C. The respective sensitivity of a single CCA-B was 10.4%, 29.9% and 75.0%. The ether-concentration technique showed a low sensitivity for S. mansoni diagnosis (8.3-41.0%. The specificity of CCA-A was moderate (76.9-84.2%; CCA-B was high (96.7-100%. The likelihood of a CCA-A color reaction increased with higher S. mansoni fecal egg counts (odds ratio: 1.07, p<0.001. A concurrent S. haematobium infection or the presence of microhematuria did not influence the CCA-A test results for S. mansoni diagnosis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: CCA-A showed similar sensitivity than triplicate Kato-Katz for S. mansoni diagnosis with no cross-reactivity to S. haematobium and microhematuria. The low sensitivity

THE TERMS OF INHERITANCE LAW IN RUSSIA-BYZANTIUM TREATIES AND RUSSKAYA PRAVDA: THE PROBLEMS OF FUNCTIONAL SEMANTICS AND DERIVATION RELATIONS

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Kirzhaeva Vera Petrovna

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the functional-and-semantic and derivational relations of the inheritance law terms in the Russia-Byzantium treaties and in Russkaya Pravda Legal Code as well as in the wide-spread Church Slavonic law regulators that appeared in Rus after adoption of Christianity. The research results attest that the inheritance law terminology in treaties includes designation of inheritance, will and heirs. There is a special term chast ('part' that denotes a share of inheritance in the Russkaya Pravda and Church Slavonic legal texts. However, chast as a 'part' (share is a characteristic of the Russkaya Pravda legal texts only. In Church Slavonic it is used in treaties for nominating the property in general. A similar lack of strict distribution between inheritance law terms zadnitsa and dom, presented in Old Russian texts, was noted in Church Slavonic treaties. Various derivatives of the root *rÌd- are used to denote the will in all texts under analysis; the terms pisati employed only in treaties and church law regulators to denote a written will or procedures of its preparation. The derivatives of the root *bliz- nominate the heirs in both text systems. A loan translation of the terminological word group malye / milye blizhnie / blizhiki dated to the year 911 is not viewed as a translators' experiment with the Greek terms, because it reflects a steady lexical distribution of adjectives malye / milye and the terms of relations in the Russian language. The results of the study testify some inheritance law terms correlation between Russia-Byzantium treaties, Russkaya Pravda and Church Slavonic legal texts, their translation in the treaties was not entirely artificial. The Church Slavonic and Old Russian terminological systems were open to these interferences in some ways.

African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 8, No 10 (2009)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Intraspecific variability of dihydrochalcone, chromenes and benzoic acid derivatives in leaves of Piper aduncum L.(Piperaceae) · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. A de Araújo Morandim, MJ Kato, AJ Cavalheiro, M Furlan ...

Leptin regulates proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal carcinoma ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

ways, including Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase http://www.ias.ac.in/ ... After blocking with 3% skim milk, the sections were incubated with primary ..... Liu Z, Uesaka T, Watanabe H and Kato N 2001 High fat diet enhances colonic cell ...

Main: PPD201 [AT Atlas

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available PPD201 PPD2 Overexpression of mammal origin membrane protein by high-density cultur...roaki Kato Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Nat Protoc (2006)|Protein Expr. Purif. (2009)|Biotechnol. Prog. (1996) 17406338|8845106|18984054 PPD201.csml ...

Generalized monotone operators in Banach spaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nanda, S.

1988-07-01

The concept of F-monotonicity was first introduced by Kato and this generalizes the notion of monotonicity introduced by Minty. The purpose of this paper is to define various types of F-monotonicities and discuss the relationships among them. (author). 6 refs

Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste-Tree/Berry) in the treatment of menopause-related complaints.

Science.gov (United States)

van Die, Margaret Diana; Burger, Henry G; Teede, Helena J; Bone, Kerry M

2009-08-01

The origin of the current practice of administering Vitex agnus-castus in menopause-related complaints is uncertain, but appears to be relatively recent. Here we review the evidence for this application of Vitex based on evidence from pharmacological studies and clinical research. The mechanisms of potential relevance in the context of menopause are explored with reference to the current understanding of the endocrinology and neuroendocrinology of menopause and associated symptoms. We conclude that, while evidence from rigorous randomized controlled trials is lacking for the individual herb in this context, emerging pharmacological evidence supports a role for V. agnus-castus in the alleviation of menopausal symptoms and suggests that further investigation may be appropriate.

Is PCR the Next Reference Standard for the Diagnosis of Schistosoma in Stool? A Comparison with Microscopy in Senegal and Kenya.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meurs, L.; Brienen, E.; Mbow, M.; Ochola, E.A,; Mboup, S.; Karanja, D.M.; Secor, W.E.; Polman, K.; Lieshout, L.

2015-01-01

Background The current reference test for the detection of S. mansoni in endemic areas is stool microscopy based on one or more Kato-Katz stool smears. However, stool microscopy has several shortcomings that greatly affect the efficacy of current schistosomiasis control programs. A highly specific

A pilot study to evaluate an efficient testing strategy for surveillance ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Control strategies for schistosomiasis depend on the understanding of the population specific magnitude of the infection. We present pilot results of a testing strategy suggested by theoretical statistical investigation that lowers cost yet retains similar accuracy profile as the standard Kato-Katz technique.

A Latent Markov Modelling approach to the evaluation of Circulating Cathodic Antigen strips for Schistosomiasis diagnosis pre- and post-praziquantel treatment in Uganda

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Koukounari, Artemis; Donnelly, Christl A.; Moustaki, Irini

2013-01-01

Markov Models (LMMs). The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) and of double Kato-Katz (KK) faecal slides over three consecutive days for Schistosoma mansoni infection simultaneously by age group at baseline and at two follow-up times post treatment...

Effect of indium doping on zinc oxide films prepared by chemical ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Administrator

confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique which leads to the introduction of defects in ZnO. Indium doping ... elements like Al, Ga and In can be used as n-type dopant. (Kato et al 2002) .... (α is the absorption coefficient and hν the photon energy).

Effect of simulated pulpal pressure on composite bond strength to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-10-19

Oct 19, 2009 ... Key words: Bond strength, laser treatment, pulpal pressure, resin composite. INTRODUCTION ... bilities for operative and esthetic dentistry (Kato and. Nakabayashi ... E-mail: kimyais@tbzmed.ac.ir. Tel: 0098411- ... pulse repetition rate of 20 pulses per second (20 Hz). ..... Stern RH, Sognnaes RF (1965).

[Effect of Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method on detecting schistosome eggs].

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Nian; Zhang, Hua-ming; Liu, Xiong; Xiao, Chuan-yun; Wen, Xiao-hong; Li, Xia; Dong, Li-chun; Cui, Cai-xia; Tu, Zu-wu

2014-08-01

To evaluate the effect of the Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method on detecting schistosome eggs. A total of 803 residents aged from 6-65 years were selected in 2 schistosomiasis endemic villages, Jiangling County, Hubei Province, and their stool samples were collected and detected parallelly by the Kato-Katz technique, nylon silk egg hatching method, and Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method at the same time. Among the 803 people, 15 cases were found of schistosome egg positive, and the positive rate was 1.87%. The positive rates of the Kato-Katz technique, nylon silk egg hatching method, and Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method were 0.75%, 1.49% and 1.12%, respectively. The schistosome eggs got with the Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method were clear and easy to identify. In low endemic areas of schistosomiasis, the Parasep® feces centrifuge tube method can be used as schistosomiasis japonica etiology diagnosis method.

Probing the O-glycoproteome of Gastric Cancer Cell Lines for Biomarker Discovery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vieira Campos, Diana Alexandra; Freitas, Daniela; Gomes, Joana

2015-01-01

biomarker assays. However, the current knowledge of secreted and circulating O-glycoproteins is limited. Here, we used the COSMC KO "SimpleCell" (SC) strategy to characterize the O-glycoproteome of two gastric cancer SC lines (AGS, MKN45) as well as a gastric cell line (KATO III) which naturally expresses...... at least partially truncated O-glycans. Overall we identified 499 O-glycoproteins and 1,236 O-glycosites in gastric cancer SCs, and a total 47 O-glycoproteins and 73 O-glycosites in the KATO III cell line. We next modified the glycoproteomic strategy to apply it to pools of sera from gastric cancer...... with the STn glycoform were further validated as being expressed in gastric cancer tissue. A proximity ligation assay was used to demonstrate that CD44 was expressed with the STn glycoform in gastric cancer tissues. The study provides a discovery strategy for aberrantly glycosylated O-glycoproteins and a set...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGORY

2010-09-13

Sep 13, 2010 ... Piper aduncum. Phytochemistry, 48: 1075-1077. Navickiene HMD, Morandim AA, Alécio AC, Regasini LO, Bergamo. DCB, Telascrea M, Cavalheiro AJ, Lopes MN, Bolzani VS, Furlan M,. Marques MOM, Young MCM, Kato MJ (2006). Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Piper aduncum, ...

Evaluation of different parasitological techniques in the diagnosis of canine helminthiasis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelle Temporim Novaes

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Novaes M.T. & Martins I.V.F. [Evaluation of different parasitological techniques in the diagnosis of canine helminthiasis.] Avaliação de diferentes técnicas parasitológicas no diagnóstico de helmintoses caninas. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1:71-76, 2015. Laboratório de Parasitologia, Hospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rua Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E-mail: marcelle_temporim@hotmail.com Were collected 100 fecal samples from dogs from August 2014 to April 2015 from the Zoonosis Control Center (CCZ of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES. These were sent to the laboratory of Parasitology of the Veterinary Hospital of UFES, and analyzed in duplicate by the techniques of Kato-Katz, Hoffman, TF-Test Modified/Dog and Willis in order to evaluate the technique that present higher sensitivity, convenience and lower expenses with materials for parasitological diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and kappa the 5% significance level. Together they showed up 68 positive samples, 31, 34, 26 and 62 for technical Kato-Katz, Hoffman, TF-Test and Willis respectively. The results showed that the use of Willis technique should be adopted as the standard for egg Ancylostoma spp., since the techniques Kato-Katz, Hoffman and TF-Test showed a low sensitivity for diagnosis of this parasite, and technic of Hoffman should be used as standard for Toxocara spp. In relation to convenience and lower expenses, Willis technique, should be preferred, because the runtime and the microscope slide reading is fast, requiring only the use of a supersaturated solution.

Universiteto dėstytojų pasitenkinimas darbu, darbo vertybės ir patiriamas darbe stresas

OpenAIRE

Pociūtė, Birutė; Bulotaitė, Laima; Bliumas, Remigijus

2012-01-01

The development of higher education changes the performance of universities as well as the roles and influences of academic staff. Modern research of teachers’ stress usually emphasizes the prevalence and intensity of stress in the community of universities. The objective of this study was to assess job satisfaction and stress features, stress coping strategies, also relations of these variables to work values in university teachers. The results revealed the job satisfaction in university aca...

The prodigal son: some psychological aspects of Augustine's conversion to Christianity.

Science.gov (United States)

Nauta, Rein

2008-03-01

Augustine's conversion is considered exemplary for its Christian testimony. However, the psychological aspects are also relevant, for Augustine's conversion to Christianity was as much inspired by personal and cultural ambitions as by religious convictions. For Augustine, the conversion to the Christian faith spelled a life of asceticism--a life of celibacy, a virtuous and chaste existence, which also offered him a means of escape from the threatening ambiguity of parental relations and a chance to realize the cultural ideal of the civilized philosopher who has subjugated the passions of the flesh. In this paper we explore the psychological dynamics of the absent father, the suffering mother and the prodigal son and the role they played in Augustine's conversion to Christianity.

Chronic inflammatory cells and damaged limbal cells in pterygium

African Journals Online (AJOL)

EB

2013-09-03

Sep 3, 2013 ... Objective: To explain chronic inflammation in pterygium, and to clarify whether damaged limbal basal epithelial cells were ..... Jiang Y, Goldberg ID, Shi YE. Complex roles of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in cancer. Oncogene 2002; 21: 2245-2252. 6. Kato S, Aoshima H, Saitoh Y, Miwa N. Fullerene-.

Hydrothermal synthesis of fine oxide powders

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

Inorganic powders are among the most important factors in many fields of materials such as ceramics, catalysts, medicines, food, etc. There are many papers and books related to powders preparation by many authors (Veale. 1972; Kato and Yamaguchi 1983; Vincenzini 1983;. Brinker et al 1984; Johnson Jr. 1987; Messing ...

"Courageous, Zealous, Learned, Wise, and Chaste" - Queen Elizabeth I's Biblical Analogies After Her Death

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aidan Norrie

2015-11-01

Full Text Available During her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of England was the subject of various biblical analogies. Much of the current historiography, however, does not continue analysis of these literary devices after the Queen's death in 1603. Primary source documents show that their use did not cease with the Queen's death. These analogies appear to have continued for two primary purposes. Analogies legitimised a questionable event that had occurred during Elizabeth's reign, and portrayed these decisions as an example for the current Protestant monarch to imitate. Also, in the years after the Queen's death, analogies reinforced England's Protestantism (and its divine sanction, and gave the Stuart monarchs an example to emulate in religio-political matters.

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Education

reviewers of submitted manuscripts and the hardworking editorial board. Great tribute should go to Professor Kato J. Njunwa; who as the acting Director of Research, Innovation and Postgraduate Studies at University level has contributed to a high quality of research in all Series of Rwanda Journal. We wish him all the best ...

induced gastric acid secretion in the common african toad – bufo

African Journals Online (AJOL)

admin

supported by the report of Sitmewoka (2000) which showed that absence of NO inhibits the secretion of gastric acid. However, Kato et al. (1998) observed that either exogenous or endogenous NO has inhibitory action on gastric acid secretion in mammals. This observation was supported by. Takeuchi et al. (1994) who also ...

Influence of hydrogen bonding on the generation and stabilization of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India ... bonded carboxyl groups and laterally substituted alkyl side chains in the .... The lower value of C=O stretching in IR spectra is explained by their .... [1] T Kato, Handbook of liquid crystals edited by D Demus, G Goodby, W Gray, H W Spiess and.

Surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control: a comparison of four diagnostic tests across five Ugandan primary schools in the Lake Albert region.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Shehri, Hajri; Koukounari, Artemis; Stanton, Michelle C; Adriko, Moses; Arinaitwe, Moses; Atuhaire, Aaron; Kabatereine, Narcis B; Stothard, J Russell

2018-03-21

Programmatic surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis during control can typically use four diagnostic tests, either singularly or in combination, but these have yet to be cross-compared directly. Our study assembled a complete diagnostic dataset, inclusive of infection intensities, from 258 children from five Ugandan primary schools. The schools were purposely selected as typical of the endemic landscape near Lake Albert and reflective of high- and low-transmission settings. Overall prevalence was: 44.1% (95% CI 38.0-50.2) by microscopy of duplicate Kato-Katz smears from two consecutive stools, 56.9% (95% CI 50.8-63.0) by urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipstick, 67.4% (95% CI 61.6-73.1) by DNA-TaqMan® and 75.1% (95% CI 69.8-80.4) by soluble egg antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA). A cross-comparison of diagnostic sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values was undertaken, inclusive of a latent class analysis (LCA) with a LCA-model estimate of prevalence by each school. The latter ranged from 9.6% to 100.0%, and prevalence by school for each diagnostic test followed a static ascending order or monotonic series of Kato-Katz, urine-CCA dipstick, DNA-TaqMan® and SEA-ELISA. We confirm that Kato-Katz remains a satisfactory diagnostic standalone in high-transmission settings but in low-transmission settings should be augmented or replaced by urine-CCA dipsticks. DNA-TaqMan® appears suitable in both endemic settings though is only implementable if resources permit. In low-transmission settings, SEA-ELISA remains the method of choice to evidence an absence infection. We discuss the pros and cons of each method concluding that future surveillance of intestinal schistosomiasis would benefit from a flexible, context-specific approach both in choice and application of each diagnostic method, rather than a single one-size fits all approach.

Taiwo et al (8)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DELL

Ife Journal of Science. (2016) vol. 18, no. 4. SPATIAL ... Ogun State. On the contrary, published work in some parts of Nigeria had ..... Prevalence among. Age Group (%). Cause of Infection. (%). Adeoye et al.,. 2007. Lagos. Kato-Katz. A. lumbricoides =29.7. Hookworm = 0.7. T. Trichiura = 18.4. S. stercoralis =0.3. Total =49.1.

Scattering for wave equations with dissipative terms in layered media

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Mitsuteru Kadowaki

2011-05-01

Full Text Available In this article, we show the existence of scattering solutions to wave equations with dissipative terms in layered media. To analyze the wave propagation in layered media, it is necessary to handle singular points called thresholds in the spectrum. Our main tools are Kato's smooth perturbation theory and some approximate operators.

Assessment of Helminth Infections in Goats Slaughtered in an ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A cross-sectional study to evaluate parasitic infections in small ruminants was conducted in an abattoir in a suburb of Accra from January to March 2015. Samples from various sections of the gut of 35 goats, either reared in Ghana or imported from Burkina Faso, were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique. The overall ...

Control de la calidad del diagnóstico coproparasitológico de geohelmintos intestinales en la provincia Las Tunas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rebeca Margarita Laird Pérez

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad del diagnóstico coproparasitológico de los geohelmintos intestinales, se realizó un control de la calidad externo activo en la provincia de Las Tunas, de abril a junio de 2012. Se evaluaron las habilidades de 22 profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud, para realizar el procedimiento de Kato Katz, la identificación parasitaria e informe de resultados y se les midió el nivel de conocimientos sobre aspectos de interés del diagnóstico de estos gusanos. Se realizaron evaluaciones cualitativas de cada parámetro y se estableció un esquema general de calificación. Las principales deficiencias se presentaron en el informe de resultados, específicamente en la identificación de las especies antropozoonóticas (72,7% evaluados de regular, mientras que la mayoría tuvo resultados favorables en la realización de Kato Katz (54,5% excelente y 27,2% bien y en el nivel de conocimientos (13,6% excelente y 54,5% bien.

Diagnostic potential of Fasciola gigantica-derived 14.5 kDa fatty acid binding protein in the immunodiagnosis of bubaline fascioliasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Allam, G; Bauomy, I R; Hemyeda, Z M; Diab, T M; Sakran, T F

2013-06-01

The 14.5 kDa fatty acid binding protein (FABP) was isolated from the crude extract of adult Fasciola gigantica worms. Polyclonal anti-FABP IgG was generated in rabbits immunized with prepared FABP antigen. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect coproantigen in stools and circulating Fasciola antigen (CA) in sera of 126 water buffaloes by using purified and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-FABP IgG. Sandwich ELISA sensitivity was 96.97% and 94.95%; while specificity was 94.12% and 82.35% for coproantigen and CA detection, respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity of the Kato-Katz technique was 73.74% and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of sandwich ELISA was 96.55% and 93.1% for coproantigen and CA detection, respectively. In contrast, the diagnostic efficacy of the Kato-Katz technique was 77.59%. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the purified 14.5 kDa FABP provides a more suitable antigen for immunodiagnosis of early and current bubaline fascioliasis by using sandwich ELISA.

High burden of Schistosoma mansoni infection in school-aged children in Marolambo District, Madagascar.

Science.gov (United States)

Spencer, Stephen A; Penney, James M St John; Russell, Hannah J; Howe, Anthony P; Linder, Cortland; Rakotomampianina, Andriamahitsisambatra L D; Nandimbiniaina, Anjara M; Squire, S Bertel; Stothard, J Russell; Bustinduy, Amaya L; Rahetilahy, Alain M

2017-06-24

A school-based survey was undertaken to assess prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis in school-aged children in the Marolambo District of Madagascar. School-aged children from six purposively selected schools were tested for Schistosoma haematobium by urine filtration and Schistosoma mansoni using circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) and Kato-Katz stool analysis. The investigators did not address soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in this study. Of 399 school-aged children screened, 93.7% were infected with S. mansoni based on CCA analysis. Kato-Katz analysis of stool revealed S. mansoni infection in 73.6% (215/ 292). Heavy infections (> 400 eggs per gram) were common (32.1%; 69/ 215), with a mean of 482 eggs per gram of stool. Moderate infection intensities were detected in 31.2% (67/ 215) and light infection intensities in 36.7% (79/ 215) of infected participants. No infection with S. haematobium was detected by urine filtration. Intestinal schistosomiasis appears a considerable public health issue in this remote area of Madagascar where there is a pressing need for mass drug administration.

Managers’ Ability to Cope with Stress in the Work Settings Vadovų gebėjimas valdyti darbe kylantį stresą

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Župerkienė

2011-02-01

="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;">Stresas neatsiejamas šių laikų įmonės vadovo profesinės veiklos komponentas. Streso darbe tyrimams daugiau dėmesio pradėta skirti XX a. pab. ir jiems skiriama vis daugiau dėmesio dėl įvairių priežasčių: darbas, kaip ir šeima, sveikata, visuomeninis gyvenimas bei laisvalaikis, yra neatsiejama gyvenimo kokybės dalis; be fizinio ir psichologinio poveikio žmonių sveikatai, stresas darbe padidina organizacijos sąnaudas: nukenčia darbo ir sprendimų kokybė, pervertinamas vykstančių pokyčių greitis, todėl nuolat skubama, atsisakoma ilgalaikių perspektyvų analizės pasitenkinant trumpalaikiais sprendimais, nukenčia bendradarbiavimas sprendžiant organizacijoje kylančias problemas, trūksta originalių sprendimo būdų. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas gebėjimas valdyti darbe kylantį stresą siekiant sumažinti vadovų streso darbe lygį, panaikinat stresą sukeliančius veiksnius arba sumažinant jų poveikį. Nuo to, kaip vadovai geba valdyti stresą – įveikti darbe ar asmeniniame gyvenime kylančias stresines situacijas, – priklauso tiek jo fizinės, tiek psichologinės sveikatos būklė. Problema: kaip vadovai geba valdyti darbe kylantį stresą. Tikslas – nustatyti Lietuvos smulkių ir vidutinių verslo įmonių vadovų gebėjimo valdyti stresą darbe problemas.

Visual Sharpness Contingency in Recognition Memory for Orientation: Mnemonic Illusion Suppressed by Sensory Signature

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Maryanne; Jones, Gregory V.

2006-01-01

A striking finding about human memory is that people's level of accuracy in remembering the orientation of heads on coins is often not simply at the chance level but significantly below it. However, S. W. Kelly, A. M. Burton, T. Kato, and S. Akamatsu (2001) reported that this is not so when two-alternative forced-choice visual recognition is…

Superplasticity in Fine-Grained Ceramics

Science.gov (United States)

1994-01-31

Stabilized, Tetragonal Zirconia," Acta Metall. Mater., 39(12), (1991), pp. 3227-3236. 10. B. Kellett, P. Carry, and A. Mocellin , "Extrusion of Tet-ZrO2...F. Wakai, S. Sakaguchi, and H. Kato, J. Ceram. Soc. Jap., 94, 72 (1986). 8. B. Kellett, P. Carry, and A. Mocellin , J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 74, 1922

Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of WAG-2 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, People's Republic of China. Abstract. WAG-2 is a ... tially be extended to rice (Kang et al. 1998 .... Biotechnology (Beijing, China). WAG-2 ... and WAG-2g in M, I and C domains was typically striking, .... Cheng Y., Kato N., Wang W., Li J. and Chen X. 2003 Two RNA.

Santo Tomás y los demás

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso Rincón

1988-10-01

Full Text Available La filosofia del medioevo. VIII Coloquio de la Sociedad Colombiana de Filosofia. J.A. Díaz, J.P. Margot, A.L. Gómez, E. Lákatos, A. Cárdenas, G. Soto, D. Herrera, A. Papacchini, J. Zabalza. Biblioteca Colombiana de Filosofía, Universidad de Santo Tomás, Bogotá, 1987, 138 págs.

PMK-2 the Hungarian integral type test facility. Documentations, publications and archivations of experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perneczky, L.; Guba, A.; Ezsoel, G.; Toth, I.; Szabados, L.

2002-01-01

The PMK-2 experimental facility at the KFKI-AEKI, Budapest, is a full pressure, scaled down model of the primary and partly the secondary circuit of the Paks NPP, which is equipped with four VVER-440/213-type reactors. Since the start-up of the facility altogether 48 experiments have been performed for groups of transients as follows: one- and two-phase natural circulation, loss of coolant accidents, special plant transients and experiments in support of accident management procedures. The results have been used for the validation of thermal-hydraulic system codes for VVER applications. Following the experiments a detailed documentation and archiving activity - using an optimised data storage - was required to preserve the essential information and to assure these for a widely utilisation for the international nuclear community. In the publication list related to the facility and the experiments for the moment altogether 280 items - documents, articles in periodicals, papers in proceedings and research reports - in six languages were collected. The paper gives an overview on this activity including the participation in the EU CERTA-TN programme, where AEKI introduced representative databases of two PMK-2 tests in the STRESA Network.(author)

diag ostic efficacy of i direct hemaggluti atio test i relatio to kato ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

... of Veterinary Medicine,. Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia ... certified technicians using disposable syringes. The blood was allowed to ... school teachers and the study participants/school children. Then, about 2 ml ...

Effects of lips and hands on auditory learning of second-language speech sounds.

Science.gov (United States)

Hirata, Yukari; Kelly, Spencer D

2010-04-01

Previous research has found that auditory training helps native English speakers to perceive phonemic vowel length contrasts in Japanese, but their performance did not reach native levels after training. Given that multimodal information, such as lip movement and hand gesture, influences many aspects of native language processing, the authors examined whether multimodal input helps to improve native English speakers' ability to perceive Japanese vowel length contrasts. Sixty native English speakers participated in 1 of 4 types of training: (a) audio-only; (b) audio-mouth; (c) audio-hands; and (d) audio-mouth-hands. Before and after training, participants were given phoneme perception tests that measured their ability to identify short and long vowels in Japanese (e.g., /kato/ vs. /kato/). Although all 4 groups improved from pre- to posttest (replicating previous research), the participants in the audio-mouth condition improved more than those in the audio-only condition, whereas the 2 conditions involving hand gestures did not. Seeing lip movements during training significantly helps learners to perceive difficult second-language phonemic contrasts, but seeing hand gestures does not. The authors discuss possible benefits and limitations of using multimodal information in second-language phoneme learning.

In-situ monitoring and modelling of the rock mass response to mining: Japanese-South African collaborative research

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Ogasawara, H

2013-09-01

Full Text Available H. Ogasawara1,2, G. Hofmann1,3, H. Kato4, M. Nakatani1,5, H. Moriya1,6, M. Naoi1,5, Y. Yabe1,6, R. Durrheim1,7,8, A. Cichowicz1,9, T. Kgarume1,7, A. Milev1,7, O. Murakami1,2, T. Satoh1,10, H. Kawakata1,2 1Japan Science and Technology agency...

Optimization of preservation activities and preservation engineering (2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoki, Takayuki; Mimaki, Hidehito; Oda, Mitsuyuki

2004-01-01

In order to deal with the optimization of preservation activities and 'preservation engineering' which makes it possible, the viewpoint and the approach of the optimization of the ex post facto preservation and the content to be possessed in 'preservation engineering' are described. The optimization of the ex post facto preservation is shown respectively in the four stages of planning, implementation, result evaluation and countermeasure. (K. Kato)

A theoretical framework for convergence and continuous dependence of estimates in inverse problems for distributed parameter systems

Science.gov (United States)

Banks, H. T.; Ito, K.

1988-01-01

Numerical techniques for parameter identification in distributed-parameter systems are developed analytically. A general convergence and stability framework (for continuous dependence on observations) is derived for first-order systems on the basis of (1) a weak formulation in terms of sesquilinear forms and (2) the resolvent convergence form of the Trotter-Kato approximation. The extension of this framework to second-order systems is considered.

The Beneficial Biological Properties of Salicylic Acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Randjelović Pavle

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Salicilna kiselina je fitohemikalija sa povoljnim efektima na ljudsko zdravlje. Salicilna kiselina je fenolna komponenta i prisutna je u različitim biljkama, gde ima važnu ulogu u zaštiti od patogenih agenasa. U prirodi se nalazi u voću, povrću i začinima. Najpoznatiji i najbolje proučen efekat salicilne kiseline je inhibicija sinteze prostanglandina. Salicilna kiselina ostvaruje anti-zapaljensko dejstvo preko supresije gena za ciklooksigenazu. Većina farmakoloških svojstava salicilne kiseline mogu se objasniti inhibicijom sinteze prostanglandina. Otkriveno je da salicilna kiselina pored ovog ima i druga in vivo dejstva. Pošto salicilna kiselina ne inhibira značajno ciklooksigenazu, anti-zapaljensko dejstvo nije posledica direktne inhibicije ovog enzima. Predloženo je da je inhibicija nuklearnog faktora kapa B od strane salicilata jedno od glavnih mehanizama anti-zapaljenskog dejstva salicilata. Jedno od najviše proučavanih svojstava salicilne kiseline je antioksidativna aktivnost. Salicilna kiselina je dokazani inhibitor oksidativnog stresa. Salicilna kiselina ima sposobnost vezivanja gvožđa. Ova činjenica je značajna za antioksidativno dejstvo salicilne kiseline zbog toga što gvožđe ima važnu ulogu u procesu lipidne peroksidacije.

ONR Far East Scientific Information Bulletin. Volume 15, Number 2

Science.gov (United States)

1990-06-01

other Japanese propulsor concepts (Ref 14 matters, Professors Hisashi Kajitani and and 15) that were undergoing evaluation at Hiroharu Kato of Tokyo... Kimura Dept of Electrical Engineering 15-F200-J600 Faculty of Engineering Kyoto University Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606 August International...Symposium Kobe, Professor Hidenori Kimura 17-21 on the Mathematical Theory of Japan Dept. of Mechanical Engineering for Networks and Systems (MTNS-91

Short Communication: A Simple Method for Performing Worm-Egg Counts on Sodium Acetate Formaldehyde-Preserved Samples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wayne Melrose

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The Kato Katz method is the most common way of performing worm-egg counts on human faecal samples, but it must be done in the field using freshly collected samples. This makes it difficult to use in remote, poorly accessible situations. This paper describes a simple method for egg counts on preserved samples collected in the field and sent to a central location for further processing.

On the creation of particles in some expanding closed universe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariai, Hidekazu.

1978-11-01

The purpose of this letter is to study the pair creation of particles in an expanding universe by analyzing the dynamical behavior of the Feynman propagator. To deal with the pair creation of particles in the universe under consideration, concrete information about the Feynman propagator in the asymptotic region must be obtained. The Feynman propagator is compared with the corresponding one in case of Chitre-Hartle's model-universe. (Kato, T.)

Power Spectrum Density of Stochastic Oscillating Accretion Disk GB ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

J., 672, 40. Harko, T., Mocanu, G. R. 2012, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 421, 3102. Jauncey, D. L., Macquart, J. P. 2001, Astron. Astrophys., 370, L9. Kato, S. 2001, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn., 53, 1. Leung, C. S., Wei, J. Y., Harko, T. et al. 2011a, J. Astrophys. Astr., 32, 189. Leung, C. S., Wei, J. Y., Kovacs, Z. et al. 2011b, Res. Astron.

Optimization of preservation activities and preservation engineering (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoki, Takayuki; Mimaki, Hidehito; Oda, Mitsuyuki

2004-01-01

In order to deal with the optimization of preservation activities and 'preservation engineering' which makes it possible, the relation between general society and preservation, the content and the structure of preservation activities, and the viewpoint and the approach of the optimization of the preventive preservation are described. The optimization of the preventive preservation is shown respectively in the four stages of planning, implementation, result evaluation and countermeasure. (K. Kato)

The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects - II Concluding Address

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F. Giovannelli

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Before to conclude officially this workshop — far from me the idea to attempt some concluding remarks already dealt at the meeting with various burning by Joseph Patterson, Mariko Kato, Dmitry Bisikalo, and Rene Hudec —, I would like to comment few highlights coming out from our fruitful week of discussions about The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects - II, without any pretension of completeness.

A cross-sectional study on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Mbita district, western Kenya using different copromicroscopic techniques

OpenAIRE

Ng?etich, Annette I.; Rawago, Fredrick O.; Jura, Walter G. Z. O.; Mwinzi, Pauline N.; Won, Kimberly Y.; Odiere, Maurice R.

2016-01-01

Background Identification of populations to be targeted for individual treatment and broad-spectrum therapy in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, assessment of therapy efficacy, morbidity, and evaluation of control strategies need to be based on reliable diagnostic tools. Kato-Katz is routinely used and remains the standard diagnostic technique for schistosomiasis, despite its many challenges. This study was conducted in Nyamanga village, Mbita, western Kenya, and evaluated the diagnostic perform...

Digital Representation for Communication of Product Definition Data. Revision

Science.gov (United States)

1990-04-30

SToru Kato Toyota Motors Dewayne Kelley Menasco Michael Kelley Auto-Trol Technology J.C. Kelly Sandia National Laboratorit’s Debbie Kengott AutoTrol...S and B defined as follows: C(t) SoB(t) SS(B(t)) A= SWOt , Vt)) S(x(u(t), v(1)), y(u(t), v(t)), z(u(t), v(I)) ) a < t < b. The curve B lies in the two

Prototype Biology-Based Radiation Risk Module Project

Science.gov (United States)

Terrier, Douglas; Clayton, Ronald G.; Patel, Zarana; Hu, Shaowen; Huff, Janice

2015-01-01

Biological effects of space radiation and risk mitigation are strategic knowledge gaps for the Evolvable Mars Campaign. The current epidemiology-based NASA Space Cancer Risk (NSCR) model contains large uncertainties (HAT #6.5a) due to lack of information on the radiobiology of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and lack of human data. The use of experimental models that most accurately replicate the response of human tissues is critical for precision in risk projections. Our proposed study will compare DNA damage, histological, and cell kinetic parameters after irradiation in normal 2D human cells versus 3D tissue models, and it will use a multi-scale computational model (CHASTE) to investigate various biological processes that may contribute to carcinogenesis, including radiation-induced cellular signaling pathways. This cross-disciplinary work, with biological validation of an evolvable mathematical computational model, will help reduce uncertainties within NSCR and aid risk mitigation for radiation-induced carcinogenesis.

Regularity criterion for solutions of the three-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations and associated computations.

Science.gov (United States)

Gibbon, John D; Pal, Nairita; Gupta, Anupam; Pandit, Rahul

2016-12-01

We consider the three-dimensional (3D) Cahn-Hilliard equations coupled to, and driven by, the forced, incompressible 3D Navier-Stokes equations. The combination, known as the Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes (CHNS) equations, is used in statistical mechanics to model the motion of a binary fluid. The potential development of singularities (blow-up) in the contours of the order parameter ϕ is an open problem. To address this we have proved a theorem that closely mimics the Beale-Kato-Majda theorem for the 3D incompressible Euler equations [J. T. Beale, T. Kato, and A. J. Majda, Commun. Math. Phys. 94, 61 (1984)CMPHAY0010-361610.1007/BF01212349]. By taking an L^{∞} norm of the energy of the full binary system, designated as E_{∞}, we have shown that ∫_{0}^{t}E_{∞}(τ)dτ governs the regularity of solutions of the full 3D system. Our direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the 3D CHNS equations for (a) a gravity-driven Rayleigh Taylor instability and (b) a constant-energy-injection forcing, with 128^{3} to 512^{3} collocation points and over the duration of our DNSs confirm that E_{∞} remains bounded as far as our computations allow.

Controversial socio-scientific issues / Controvérsias sociocientíficas: aspectos metodológicos para a aproximação...

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ralph Levinson

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Entrevista com Ralph Levinson coordenada pelo Prof. Dr. Danilo Seithi Kato (UFTM. Ralph Levinson é professor do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Londres. Ele dirige o mestrado em Educação para Ciências e orienta trabalhos de doutorado. Seus interesses de pesquisa são questões sociocientíficas controversas, ciência e justiça social, educação para ciências e criatividade e pedagogia em ciência. Ele é o autor de “Towards a theoretical framework for teaching controversial socio‐scientific issues” (2006 e de “Science education and democratic participation: an uneasy congruence” (2010. * * * Interview with Ralph Levinson coordinated by professor Danilo Seithi Kato (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro - UFTM. Ralph Levinson is Reader in Education at the Institute of Education (University of London. He is programme director of the MA in Science Education and supervises doctoral students. His research interests are in socio-scientific issues, science and social justice, science education and creativity, and pedagogy in science. He is the author of “Towards a theoretical framework for teaching controversial socio‐scientific issues” (2006 and “Science education and democratic participation: an uneasy congruence” (2010.

Effect of sampling and diagnostic effort on the assessment of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis and drug efficacy: a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Levecke, Bruno; Brooker, Simon J; Knopp, Stefanie; Steinmann, Peter; Sousa-Figueiredo, Jose Carlos; Stothard, J Russell; Utzinger, Jürg; Vercruysse, Jozef

2014-12-01

It is generally recommended to perform multiple stool examinations in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy when assessing the impact of mass drug administration programmes to control human intestinal worm infections and determining efficacy of the drugs administered. However, the collection and diagnostic work-up of multiple stool samples increases costs and workload. It has been hypothesized that these increased efforts provide more accurate results when infection and drug efficacy are summarized by prevalence (proportion of subjects infected) and cure rate (CR, proportion of infected subjects that become egg-negative after drug administration), respectively, but not when these indicators are expressed in terms of infection intensity and egg reduction rate (ERR). We performed a meta-analysis of six drug efficacy trials and one epidemiological survey. We compared prevalence and intensity of infection, CR and ERR based on collection of one or two stool samples that were processed with single or duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. We found that the accuracy of prevalence estimates and CR was lowest with the minimal sampling effort, but that this was not the case for estimating infection intensity and ERR. Hence, a single Kato-Katz thick smear is sufficient for reporting infection intensity and ERR following drug treatment.

Application and evaluation of a molecular approach for detection of the schistosomicidal effect of Mirazid® (myrrh in the murine model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wael M. Lotfy

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The conventional PCR technique was used for studying the schistosomicidal effect of Mirazid® in the murine model. Results of the molecular study were compared with the parasitological results (ova and worm count. The used PCR technique was more sensitive than the Kato-Katz thick smears. Mirazid® showed some schistosomicidal effects against murine Schistosoma mansoni. However, it was not efficient enough to cure any of the studied mice.

Sexual Functioning During Menopause: Schemas, Hormones, and Race

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-08

Spitznagel, E. L., Schootman, M., Bucholz, K. K., Peipert, J. F., . . . Bierut, L. J. (2009). Age of sexual debut among US adolescents . Contraception , 80(2...use different, non-comparable methods to calculate the average age that menopause ‘begins.’ Finally, it is unclear how oral contraceptives and... contraception use are related to a later age of menopause (Gold et al., 2001; Gold et al., 2006; Hardy, Kuh, & Wadsworth, 2000; Kato et al., 1998; Palmer

Development and evaluation of a Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technique for the detection of hookworm (Necator americanus) infection in fecal samples

OpenAIRE

Mugambi, Robert Muriuki; Agola, Eric L.; Mwangi, Ibrahim N.; Kinyua, Johnson; Shiraho, Esther Andia; Mkoji, Gerald M.

2015-01-01

Background Hookworm infection is a major concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in children and pregnant women. Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale are responsible for this condition. Hookworm disease is one of the Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are targeted for elimination through global mass chemotherapy. To support this there is a need for reliable diagnostic tools. The conventional diagnostic test, Kato-Katz that is based on microscopic detection of parasite ova in ...

Uncertainty in regional and zonal monthly mean downward surface irradiances from Edition 4.0 CERES Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) data product

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, S.; Rutan, D. A.; Rose, F. G.; Loeb, N. G.

2017-12-01

The surface of the Earth receives solar radiation (shortwave) and emission from the atmosphere (longwave). At a global and annual mean approximately 12% of solar radiation incident on the surface is reflected and the rest is absorbed by the surface. The surface emits radiation proportional to the forth power of the temperature. Although the uncertainty in global and annual mean surface irradiances is estimated in earlier studies (Zhang et al. 1995, 2004; L'Ecuyer et al. 2008; Stephens et al. 2012; Kato et al. 2012), only a few studies estimated the uncertainty in computed surface irradiances at smaller spatial and temporal scales (Zhang et al. 1995, 2004; Kato et al. 2012). We use surface observations at 46 buoys and 36 land sites and newly released the Edition 4.0 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF)-surface data product to estimate the uncertainty in regional and zonal monthly mean downward shortwave and longwave surface irradiances. The root-mean-square difference of monthly mean computed and observed irradiances is used for the regional uncertainty. The uncertainty is separated into bias and spatially random components. The random component decreases when irradiances are averaged over a larger area, nearly inversely proportional to the number of surface observation sites. The presentation provides the uncertainty in the regional and zonal monthly mean downward surface irradiances over ocean and land. ReferencesKato, S. and N.G.Loeb, D. A.Rutan, F. G. Rose, S. Sun-Mack,W.F.Miller, and Y. Chen, 2012. Surv. Geophys., 33, 395-412, doi:10.1007/s10712-012-9179-x. L'Ecuyer, T. S., N. B. Wood, T. Haladay, G. L. Stephens, and P. W. Stackhouse Jr., 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00A15, doi:10.1029/2008JD009951. Stephens, G. L. and Coauthors, 2012, Nat. Geosci., 5, 691-696, doi:10.1038/ngeo1580. Zhang, Y., W. B. Rossow, A. A. Lacis, V. Oinas, and M. I. Mishchenko, 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19105, doi:10.1029/2003JD

Disintegration Test of Health Food Products Containing Ginkgo Biloba L. or Vitex Agnus-Castus L. in the Japanese Market

Science.gov (United States)

Sato-Masumoto, Naoko; Masada, Sayaka; Takahashi, Satoshi; Terasaki, Sachiko; Yokota, Yoichi; Hakamatsuka, Takashi; Goda, Yukihiro

2015-01-01

For many years now, a number of Western herbs have been widely used in health food products in Japan and as pharmaceuticals in Europe. There are few or no mandated criteria concerning the quality of these herbal health food products, thus clarification is warranted. Here, we performed disintegration tests of 26 pharmaceutical and health food products containing the Western herbs ginkgo leaf and chaste tree fruit, in accord with the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. All eight pharmaceutical herbal products found in the European market completely disintegrated within the defined test time, and 11 of the 18 tested herbal products distributed as health foods in Japan disintegrated. Among the incompatible products identified in the Pharmacopoeia test, some products remained intact after incubation in water for 60 min. To ensure the efficacy of Western herbal products sold as health food in Japan, quality control, including disintegration, is therefore recommended, even though these products are not regulated under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law. PMID:28930200

Authentication of the botanical origin of Western herbal products using Cimicifuga and Vitex products as examples.

Science.gov (United States)

Masada, Sayaka

2016-07-01

Various herbal medicines have been developed and used in various parts of the world for thousands of years. Although locally grown indigenous plants were originally used for traditional herbal preparations, Western herbal products are now becoming popular in Japan with the increasing interest in health. At the same time, there are growing concerns about the substitution of ingredients and adulteration of herbal products, highlighting the need for the authentication of the origin of plants used in herbal products. This review describes studies on Cimicifuga and Vitex products developed in Europe and Japan, focusing on establishing analytical methods to evaluate the origins of material plants and finished products. These methods include a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system method. A genome-based authentication method and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based authentication for black cohosh products, and the identification of two characteristic diterpenes of agnus castus fruit and a shrub chaste tree fruit-specific triterpene derivative are also described.

Disintegration Test of Health Food Products Containing Ginkgo Biloba L. or Vitex Agnus-Castus L. in the Japanese Market.

Science.gov (United States)

Sato-Masumoto, Naoko; Masada, Sayaka; Takahashi, Satoshi; Terasaki, Sachiko; Yokota, Yoichi; Hakamatsuka, Takashi; Goda, Yukihiro

2015-04-23

For many years now, a number of Western herbs have been widely used in health food products in Japan and as pharmaceuticals in Europe. There are few or no mandated criteria concerning the quality of these herbal health food products, thus clarification is warranted. Here, we performed disintegration tests of 26 pharmaceutical and health food products containing the Western herbs ginkgo leaf and chaste tree fruit, in accord with the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. All eight pharmaceutical herbal products found in the European market completely disintegrated within the defined test time, and 11 of the 18 tested herbal products distributed as health foods in Japan disintegrated. Among the incompatible products identified in the Pharmacopoeia test, some products remained intact after incubation in water for 60 min. To ensure the efficacy of Western herbal products sold as health food in Japan, quality control, including disintegration, is therefore recommended, even though these products are not regulated under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law.

Ironic inversion in Eliza Haywood's fiction: fantomina and "The History of the Invisible Mistress".

Science.gov (United States)

Hinnant, Charles H

2010-01-01

This article contends that Fantomina can best be understood as an ironic inversion of “The History of the Invisible Mistress”, a Spanish nouvelle published as an interpolated tale in Paul Scarron's Le Roman Comique. Both works revolve around the efforts of a heroine to capture and hold the attention of a young man upon whom she has set her heart. The plot of both works concerns the successive disguises by which the heroines seek to test their heroes. But where Don Carlos, the hero of “The History of the Invisible Mistress”, remains chaste and faithful to his initial pledge, Beauplaisir, with whom Fantomina becomes sexually involved, displays the inconstancy of a roving libertine. Hence, where “The History of the Invisible Mistress” ends happily in marriage, Fantomina concludes with its heroine's pregnancy and exile in disgrace by her mother to a monastery in France. A comparison of the two texts affords a fascinating glimpse into Haywood's aims and strategies in Fantomina.

Use of Mastodinon in different forms of mastopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. I. Rozhkova

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The diffuse benign breast disease mastopathy is most common in reproductive-aged women. According to the World Health Organization, mastopathy is defined as a fibrocystic disease (FCD characterized by a broad spectrum of proliferative and regressive changes in breast tissues. The prevalence of this disease varies from 30 to 40%. The magnitude of clinical manifestations is highly diverse varying from slight premenstrual tension to the acute pain syndrome accompanied by the higher volume and density of the gland with the formation of nodular proliferations and cysts. In most cases, the present women regard mastopathy as a handicap in daily life and try to resort to sparing therapy options, such as homeopathy or phytotherapy. The phytotherapeutic preparation Mastodinon is one of these pathogenetic effective drugs to treat premenstrual syndrome and FCD. The major active principle is Agnus castus (leban, chaste tree. The clinical efficacy of mastodinon may be judged from the results of a large number of the studies given in this paper.

Sources of organic matter and microbial community structure in the sediments of the Visakhapatnam Harbour, east coat of India

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Harji, R.R; Bhosle, N.B.; Garg, A.; Sawant, S.S.; Venkat, K.

Trench at 11,000 m. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 47, 1173- 1182. Fang, J., Kato, C., Sato, T., Chan, O., McKay, D., 2004. Biosynthesis and dietary uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by peizophilic bacteria. Comparative... lipids and community structure in estuaries. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 42, 105-117. Hedges, J.I., Keil, R.G., 1995. Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis. Marine Chemistry 49, 81-115. Hedges, J.I., Keil, R...

Photoreactivation of ultraviolet light-induced sister chromatid exchanges in potorous cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishizaki, K.; Nikaido, O.; Takebe, H.

1980-01-01

Exposure to visible light after UV-irradiation showed a remarkable effect on UV-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). After 6-h exposure to visible light (3 x 10 5 J/m 2 ), two-thirds of the UV-induced SCEs were prevented, confirming Kato's findings. (Nature 249, 552-3, 1974) Exposure to visible light before UV irradiation had no effect. This effect of visible light on UV-induced CSEs was temperature dependent, suggesting the presence of enzymatic photoreactivation. (author)

Analysis of DCI cask drop test onto reinforced concrete pad

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, C.; Kato, Y.; Hattori, S.; Shirai, K.; Misumi, M.; Ozaki, S.

1993-01-01

In a cask-storage facility, a cask may be subjected to an impact load as a result of a free drop onto the floor because of cask mishandling. We performed drop tests of casks onto a reinforced concrete (RC) slab representing the floor of a facility as well as simulation analysis [Kato et al]. This paper describes the details of the FEM analysis and calculated results and compares them with the drop test results. (J.P.N.)

The effect of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni-infections in Botswana

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Friis, H; Byskov, Jens

1989-01-01

selected at random from three strata of intensities of infection. Six weeks after treatment a duplicate of Kato fecal thick smear was made. When eggs of S. mansoni were found, a new stool sample was collected and a hatching test performed. Only in case of a positive hatching test was the child considered...... to be infected: Cure rates between 78.6 and 90.0%, and reductions in egg output among noncured between 84.6 and 98.0% were found....

NC-6301, a polymeric micelle rationally optimized for effective release of docetaxel, is potent but is less toxic than native docetaxel in vivo

OpenAIRE

Kano, Mitsunobu; Harada,; Iwata,; Saito,; Ishii,; Hayashi,; Yashiro,; Hirakawa,; Miyazono,Kohei; Kato,Yasuki; Kano,Mitsunobu

2012-01-01

Mitsunori Harada,1 Caname Iwata,2 Hiroyuki Saito,1 Kenta Ishii,1 Tatsuyuki Hayashi,1 Masakazu Yashiro,3 Kosei Hirakawa,3 Kohei Miyazono,2 Yasuki Kato,1 Mitsunobu R Kano21Research Division, NanoCarrier Co, Ltd, Chiba, Japan; 2Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University, Osaka, JapanAbstract: Drug release rate is an important factor in determining efficacy and toxicity of nanoscale dru...

Boundary layers and the vanishing viscosity limit for incompressible 2D flow

OpenAIRE

Filho, Milton C. Lopes

2007-01-01

This manuscript is a survey on results related to boundary layers and the vanishing viscosity limit for incompressible flow. It is the lecture notes for a 10 hour minicourse given at the Morningside Center, Academia Sinica, Beijing, PRC from 11/28 to 12/07, 2007. The main topics covered are: a derivation of Prandtl's boundary layer equation; an outline of the rigorous theory of Prandtl's equation, without proofs; Kato's criterion for the vanishing viscosity limit; the vanishing viscosity limi...

Legal and Administrative Problems of Controlling the Disposal of Nuclear Wastes in the Sea; Problemes Juridiques et Administratifs Poses par le Controle de l'Elimination des Dechets Nucleaires dans la Mer; 041f 0420 041e 0414 ; Problemas Juridicos y Administrativos que Plantea el Control de la Evacuacion de Desechos Nucleares En El Mar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hydeman, Lee M.; Berman, William H. [Atomic Energy Research Project, University of Michigan Law School (United States)

1960-07-01

control sobre una base tanto unilateral como multilateral. La ultima parte consiste en el examen de las diversas maneras de establecer un control internacional de la evacuacion en el mar de los desechos nucleares. La memoria hace referencia al papel de los organos internacionales existentes por lo que se refiere al ejercicio de un control administrativo permanente en el plano internacional. (author) [Russian] Osnovnoj cel'ju doklada javljaetsja predstavlenie nekotoryh podhodov k mezhgosudarstvennomu kontrolju za udaleniem radioaktivnyh othodov v morja kak s tochki zrenija primenenija samogo vida mezhdunarodnogo kontrolja, tak i s tochki zrenija sredstv po vypolneniju takogo kontrolja. Pervaja chast' predstavljaet soboj kratkoe opisanie kontrolja, neobhodimogo dlja ohrany zdorov'ja naselenija ot vlijanija radioaktivnyh othodov pri udalenii ih v morja. Vtoraja chast' sostoit iz obshhego analiza juridicheskih problem, voznikajushhih s osushhestvleniem udalenija radioaktivnyh othodov. Osobaja otvetstvennost' vozlagaetsja na gosudarstva, imejushhie morskuju granicu i osushhestvljajushhie odnostoronnij kontrol' po udaleniju othodov drugimi gosudarstvami, kotorye mogut nanosit' ushherb ih interesam. My issleduem sootvetstvie juridicheskih vozmeshhenij ubytkov ravno kak i vozmozhnogo zakona po predotvrashheniju ushherba, nanosimogo udaleniem radioaktivnyh othodov, i otvetstvennosti v sluchae nanesenija takogo ushherba. Tret'ja chast' doklada vkljuchaet analiz reshenija drugih problem kontrolja po odnostoronnemu i mnogostoronnemu soglashenijam. Poslednjaja chast' vkljuchaet issledovanie razlichnyh metodov mezhdunarodnogo kontrolja po udaleniju radioaktivnyh othodov v morja. V doklade upominaetsja rol' sushhestvujushhih mezhdunarodnyh organov po osushhestvleniju postojannogo administrativnogo kontrolja na mezhdunarodnom urovne. (author)

Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren and vervet monkeys in Lake Ziway area, Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Teklemariam, Dejene; Legesse, Mengistu; Degarege, Abraham; Liang, Song; Erko, Berhanu

2018-02-20

To assess Schistosoma mansoni and other intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren and vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in Bochessa Village, Ziway, Ethiopia. Fecal specimens from selected schoolchildren and droppings of the vervet monkeys were collected and microscopically examined for intestinal parasites using the Kato-Katz thick smear and formol-ether concentration techniques. The prevalences of S. mansoni, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, hookworms, Hymenolepis nana and Taenia species among the children were 35.7, 26.9, 24.1, 2.1, 2.1, 1.07 and 2.1%, respectively (by Kato-Katz) and 39.3, 36.1, 35.6, 2.9, 10.0, 4.3, and 2.9%, respectively (by formol-ether concentration). Prevalence of S. mansoni in vervet monkeys ranged from 10 to 20%. B. pfeifferi snails were exposed to S. mansoni miracidia from vervet origin, shed cercariae were then used to infect lab-bred albino mice. Adult worms were harvested from the mice 5 weeks post-exposure to cercariae to establish the schistosome life cycle and confirm the infection in the vervet monkeys. The natural infection of S. mansoni in vervet monkeys suggests that the non-human primate is likely to be implicated in the local transmission of schistosomiasis. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are needed to fully elucidate zoonotic role of non-human primate in the area.

Distribution and sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids in surface sediments of a tropical estuary south west coast of India (Cochin estuary)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Gireeshkumar, T.R.; Deepulal, P.M.; Chandramohanakumar, N.

acid biomarkers and stable isotopes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 70, 271–286. Andrews, J. E., Greenaway, A. M., & Dennis, P. F. (1998). Combined carbon isotope and C/N ratios as indictors of source and fate of organic matter in a poorly.... (1997). Even n- alkane predominances on the Amazon Shelf and a Northeast Pacific Hydrothermal System. Naturwissenschaften, 84, 415–420. Fang, J., Kato, C., Sato, T., Chan, O., & McKay, D. (2004). Biosynthesis and dietary uptake of polyunsaturated fatty...

Genetic drift in hypervariable region 1 of the viral genome in persistent hepatitis C virus infection.

OpenAIRE

Kato, N; Ootsuyama, Y; Sekiya, H; Ohkoshi, S; Nakazawa, T; Hijikata, M; Shimotohno, K

1994-01-01

The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative second envelope glycoprotein (gp70) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a sequence-specific immunological B-cell epitope that induces the production of antibodies restricted to the specific viral isolate, and anti-HVR1 antibodies are involved in the genetic drift of HVR1 driven by immunoselection (N. Kato, H. Sekiya, Y. Ootsuyama, T. Nakazawa, M. Hijikata, S. Ohkoshi, and K. Shimotohno, J. Virol. 67:3923-3930, 1993). We further investigated th...

Molecular and serological survey on taeniasis and cysticercosis in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

Science.gov (United States)

Anantaphruti, Malinee T; Okamoto, Munehiro; Yoonuan, Tippayarat; Saguankiat, Surapol; Kusolsuk, Teera; Sato, Megumi; Sato, Marcello O; Sako, Yasuhito; Waikagul, Jitra; Ito, Akira

2010-09-01

A community-based field survey on taeniasis and cysticercosis was performed in two villages in Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province, central Thailand, where 3 Taenia species, T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica, are sympatrically occurring. Four (0.6%) out of 667 stool samples were egg-positive for Taenia sp. by Kato-Katz technique. Three out of those four persons and other three persons who were Taenia egg-negative but having a recent (1 year) history of expelling proglottids in the stool.

What expects of academies. Activity of code and standard Div. in JSME, AESJ and JEA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyano, Hiroshi

2005-01-01

The present states of establishment activities of standards by the three academies in the title are summarized from the viewpoint of 'explanation accountability'. Their roles and directions to go forward are also summarized. To be concrete, the trends of these establishment academies of standards relating to the nuclear industry are summarized. By focusing on the three indispensable conditions (neutrality, impartiality and transparency) for the establishment academy of standards and their implementation, the verifications of these conditions and 'explanation accountability' in these three academies are described. (K. Kato)

Dispersion Decay and Scattering Theory

CERN Document Server

Komech, Alexander

2012-01-01

A simplified, yet rigorous treatment of scattering theory methods and their applications Dispersion Decay and Scattering Theory provides thorough, easy-to-understand guidance on the application of scattering theory methods to modern problems in mathematics, quantum physics, and mathematical physics. Introducing spectral methods with applications to dispersion time-decay and scattering theory, this book presents, for the first time, the Agmon-Jensen-Kato spectral theory for the Schr?dinger equation, extending the theory to the Klein-Gordon equation. The dispersion decay plays a crucial role i

Relación de los autores

OpenAIRE

2015-01-01

Orlando VelásquezDecano de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad nacional de Trujillo Alfredo NarváezJefe del Instituto Regional de Cultura Lambayeque, Perú. Tatsuhiko FujiiProfesor del Museo Nacional de Etnología, Osaka, Japón. Bonnie Glass-CoffinProfesor asistente de Antropología, Universidad de Estado de Utah, EE.UU. Hiroyasu TomoedaProfesor de la Facultad de Estudios Internacionales, Universidad de la Ciudad de Hiroshima, Japón. Takahiro KatoProfesor de la Facultad de Humanid...

Quantum Dilogarithms and Partition q-Series

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Akishi; Terashima, Yuji

2015-08-01

In our previous work (Kato and Terashima, Commun Math Phys. arXiv:1403.6569, 2014), we introduced the partition q-series for mutation loop γ—a loop in exchange quiver. In this paper, we show that for a certain class of mutation sequences, called reddening sequences, the graded version of partition q-series essentially coincides with the ordered product of quantum dilogarithm associated with each mutation; the partition q-series provides a state-sum description of combinatorial Donaldson-Thomas invariants introduced by Keller.

Dispersive estimates for the Schroedinger and Klein-Gordon equations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kopylova, Elena A [Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2010-01-01

This is a survey of results on the long-time asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Schroedinger and Klein-Gordon equations in weighted energy norms. Results obtained from 1975 to 2001 in the spectral scattering theory of Agmon, Jensen-Kato, Jensen-Nenciu, and Murata are described for the Schroedinger equation, along with the author's recent results obtained jointly with A.I. Komech for the Klein-Gordon equation. The methods used develop the spectral approach as applied to relativistic equations. Bibliography: 40 titles.

Distribution of major, trace and rare-earth elements in surface sediments of the Wharton Basin, Indian Ocean

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Pattan, J.N.; Rao, Ch.M.; Higgs, N.C.; Colley, S.; Parthiban, G.

indicate the presence of sodic feldspars in the clays (Nohara and Kato, 1985 ) or preferential biological removal of Na from seawater by certain calcareous organisms (EI- Wakeel and Riley, 1961 ). In deep-sea sediments, phosphorus is mainly present....C., 1991. The accumalation of barium in marine phytoplankton grown in culture. J. Mar. Res., 49: 339-354. Froelich, P.N., Bender, M.L., Luedtke, N.A., Heath, G.R. and De Vties, T., 1982. The marine phosphorus cycle. Am. J. Sci., 282:474-511. Glasby, G...

[Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren of Nikki and Pèrèrè, two northeastern towns of Benin].

Science.gov (United States)

Ibikounlé, M; Gbédjissi, L G; Ogouyèmi-Hounto, A; Batcho, W; Kindé-Gazard, D; Massougbodji, A

2014-08-01

Infection with schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis are widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and the burden of disease associated with parasites is enormous. A study was performed to determine the transmission and prevalence of human schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school children of Nikki and Perere, two north eastern towns of Benin, bordering Republic of Nigeria. Parasitological investigations by urine filtration and Kato-Katz conducted on 1,344 school children indicated a mean prevalence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni 48.44% and 0%, respectively, in the children of Nikki area and 45.24% and 4.11% in Perere area. Only schoolchildren of Sonon locality were infected by S. mansoni with a mean prevalence rate of 36.24%. KatoKatz tests releaved five species of soil-transmitted helminths: Ankylostoma duodenale (8.16% and 6.73%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6.26% and 2.30%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.09% and 1.97%), Trichuris trichiura (1.97% and 1.90%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2.04% and 0.99%), respectively, in the schoolchildren of Nikki and Perere areas. The malacological investigations carried out in the freshwater points of each visited locality highlighted the presence of four species of freshwater snails known as intermediate host of schistosome: Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus forskalii, B. globosus and B. truncatus.Two B. globosus and B. pfeifferi collected in Sonon locality were naturally infected by schistosome, indicated the importance of their two species of snail in schistosome transmission cycle.

Radiation physics of non-metallic crystals. Volume III, No. 3. Radiatsionnaya fizika nemetallicheskikh kristallov. Tom III, Chast 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konozenko, I D [ed.

1971-01-01

Separate articles are presented on studies concerned with radiation phenomena in ionic crystals and dielectrics. Topics include energy losses and electron escape in monocrystals, non-stationary acoustic absorption in monocrystals, charge behavior in radioactive dielectrics, the effects of electron radiation on the electroconductivity of organic dielectrics, adsorption of polyatomic gases in adsorbents, catalysis and inhibition of solid inorganic salt radiolysis, and the formation of additive paramagnetic centers in gamma radiated salts of alkaline earth metals. 253 references.

Detection circuit for gamma-ray burst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murakami, Hiroyuki; Yamagami, Takamasa; Mori, Kunishiro; Uchiyama, Sadayuki.

1982-01-01

A new gamma-ray burst detection system is described. The system was developed as an environmental monitor of an accelerator, and can be used as the burst detection system. The system detects the arrival time of burst. The difference between the arrival times detected at different places will give information on the burst source. The frequency of detecting false burst was estimated, and the detection limit under the estimated frequency of false burst was also calculated. Decision whether the signal is false or true burst was made by the statistical treatment. (Kato, T.)

Convergence theorems for Banach space valued integrable multifunctions

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Nikolaos S. Papageorgiou

1987-01-01

Full Text Available In this work we generalize a result of Kato on the pointwise behavior of a weakly convergent sequence in the Lebesgue-Bochner spaces LXP(Ω (1≤p≤∞. Then we use that result to prove Fatou's type lemmata and dominated convergence theorems for the Aumann integral of Banach space valued measurable multifunctions. Analogous convergence results are also proved for the sets of integrable selectors of those multifunctions. In the process of proving those convergence theorems we make some useful observations concerning the Kuratowski-Mosco convergence of sets.

Report of second meeting on the interaction of plasma and the first wall of a fusion reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamashina, Toshiro; Watanabe, Kuniaki; Mori, Mamoru; Tominaga, Goro; Kinbara, Akira.

1979-10-01

This report presents various problems on the interaction between plasma and materials. The first half of this report is the reports of international meetings. First topical meeting on fusion reactor materials, IEA-Textor workshop on surface measurements, and sixth international vacuum metallurgy conference on special melting and metallurgical coatings are summarized. The other half of the report is described on the present and future plans of the analysis of material surfaces which are carried out at the laboratories in Japan. The last part of the report introduces the TEXTOR international cooperative study project. (Kato, T.)

Relación entre geohelmintiasis intestinales y variables químicas, hematológicas e IgE, en una comunidad yukpa del estado Zulia, Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Rivero de Rodríguez, Zulbey; Churio, Osmaly; Bracho Mora, Angela; Calchi La Corte, Marinella; Acurero, Ellen; Villalobos, Rafael

2012-01-01

Para relacionar helmintiasis intestinales y parámetros hematológicos, bioquímicos y serológicos, se estudiaron 37 individuos yukpas del municipio Perijá, estado Zulia, durante el año 2009. Las muestras de heces se evaluaron mediante el concentrado con formol-éter, Kato-Katz y cultivo de Harada-Mori. Los parámetros hematológicos, las proteínas totales, albúminas, globulinas y relación A/G, fueron determinados por autoanalizadores hematológicos y bioquímicos. La IgE fue determinada por ELISA. 7...

Controversial socio-scientific issues / Controvérsias sociocientíficas: aspectos metodológicos para a aproximação...

OpenAIRE

Ralph Levinson; Danilo Seithi Kato

2016-01-01

Entrevista com Ralph Levinson coordenada pelo Prof. Dr. Danilo Seithi Kato (UFTM). Ralph Levinson é professor do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Londres. Ele dirige o mestrado em Educação para Ciências e orienta trabalhos de doutorado. Seus interesses de pesquisa são questões sociocientíficas controversas, ciência e justiça social, educação para ciências e criatividade e pedagogia em ciência. Ele é o autor de “Towards a theoretical framework for teaching controversial socio‐scientifi...

Investigation on current statuses of radiation literacy of teachers and their radiation teaching in elementary and junior high schools in Kagoshima prefecture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukutoku, Yasuo

2010-01-01

From the present state of the expansion of radiation application base, it has been required to proceed with the correct radiation teaching in school education and teacher's radiation literacy will be questioned. In order to propose more effective ways of radiation teaching, the questionnaire survey on current statuses of radiation literacy of teachers and their radiation teaching in the public elementary and junior high schools in Kagoshima prefecture was carried out. The results of the questionnaire survey are summarized and the proposal is described in the present paper. (K. Kato)

Force balance on two-dimensional superconductors with a single moving vortex

Science.gov (United States)

Chung, Chun Kit; Arahata, Emiko; Kato, Yusuke

2014-03-01

We study forces on two-dimensional superconductors with a single moving vortex based on a recent fully self-consistent calculation of DC conductivity in an s-wave superconductor (E. Arahata and Y. Kato, arXiv:1310.0566). By considering momentum balance of the whole liquid, we attempt to identify various contributions to the total transverse force on the vortex. This provides an estimation of the effective Magnus force based on the quasiclassical theory generalized by Kita [T. Kita, Phys. Rev. B, 64, 054503 (2001)], which allows for the Hall effect in vortex states.

Observation of near-infrared surface brightness of the large Magellanic cloud

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Satio; Koizumi, Yutaka; Matsumoto, Toshio; Murakami, Hiroshi; Uyama, Kiichiro.

1981-01-01

The near-infrared surface brightness of the large Magellanic cloud was observed by an infrared telescope carried by a balloon. The balloon flight was made at Australian Balloon Launching Station. The brightness distribution of 2.4 Mu m radiation was obtained. A part of Bar was bright, and the expansion of the contour at the east end of Bar corresponded to the 30 Dor region. Many near-infrared sources distribute in this region. Discussions on the color and brightness of the center of Bar and the 30 Dor region are presented. (Kato, T.)

The effect of vitex agnus-castus on mastalgia in women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leili Sekhavat

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Background: Vitex agnus-castus is a herbal drug with antiprolactin effect and it is effective in premenstrual syndrome and hypermenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vitex agnus-castus extract (chaste tree in comparison with placebo in treating patients with mastalgia, and evaluation of its acceptability and side effects. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 117 women with mastalgia, aged 15-50 years old, referring to women’s health centers, were divided into two groups. One group (55 patients received 60 drops of vitex agnus-castus daily for three months and the control group (62 patients received placebo for the same period of time. Results: By the end of the treatment, 88.4% of the vitex agnus-castus group and 17/7% of the placebo group showed positive response (P=0.0001. vitex agnus-castus was well tolerated and caused no side effects. Conclusion: Vitex agus-castus is an effective herbal drug with few side effects in treating mastalgia and it is well tolerated.

Eros in the first century’s Christian theology. Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite

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Mircea Adrian Marica

2015-11-01

Full Text Available For among most contemporaries, the concept of Eros seems to have nothing to do with Christianity. Sifting through the psychoanalysis of sexual fantasy, theologically it says nothing. Our study gives reasons showing that for theologians since the dawn of the Christian era, Eros-love plays a fundamental role.. The connotations of this concept, however, are different from those of today, when its sensory meaning is more restricted to sexuality. Greek theologians of the first centuries after Christ, taught the concept of Plato enshrined as a unifying enthusiasm, the attraction of inferior to superior states, as “hungry and thirsty” for something continuously higher, developing, and enriching the connotation. The work of Dionysius ((Pseudo Areopagite, the Idea of Good, leads us step by step up the ascent of the erotically chaste, and is identified with the One-God, who is the very source of love. Consequently, Eros-love originates from God, Eros- love being not only an ascending but firstly a descending love, which calls for a reciprocal communion.

Enzyme expression in indica and japonica rice cultivars under saline stress=Expressão de enzimas em cultivares de arroz indica e japonica sob estresse salino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Rodrigues Mendes

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The southern State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS is the main rice producer in Brazil with a 60% participation of the national production and 86% participation of the region. Rice culture irrigation system is done by flooding, which leads to soil salinization, a major environmental constraint to production since it alters the plants’ metabolism exposed to this type of stress. The indica cultivar, widely used in RS, has a higher sensitivity to salinity when compared to that of the japonica cultivar in other physiological aspects. Current research analyzes enzymes expression involved in salt-subjected indica and japonica rice cultivars’ respiration. Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica S.Kato (BRS Bojuru, IAS 12-9 Formosa and Goyakuman and Oryza sativa L. spp. indica S. Kato (BRS Taim-7, BRS Atalanta and BRS Querencia were the cultivars employed. Seedlings were transferred to 15 L basins containing 50% Hoagland nutrient solution increased by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl, and collected at 14, 28 and 42 days after transfer (DAT. Plant tissues were macerated and placed in eppendorf tubes with Scandálios extractor solution. Electrophoresis was performed in 7% of the polyacrylamide gels in vertical vats. Bands were revealed for the following enzymes systems: esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and alpha amylase. The enzymes expression was greater in subspecies japonica, with more intense bands in proportion to salinity increase. Results show that enzyme systems are involved in the salinity defense mechanisms in O. sativa spp. japonica cultivar.O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS destaca-se como principal produtor de arroz, participando com 60% da produção nacional e 86% da regional. O sistema de irrigação da cultura é por inundação, que induz o solo à salinização, um dos maiores limitadores ambientais à produção, alterando o metabolismo da plantas expostas a este tipo de estresse. As cultivares

Enzyme expression in indica and japonica rice cultivars under saline stress - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i4.8535

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciano do Amarante

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The southern State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS is the main rice producer in Brazil with a 60% participation of the national production and 86% participation of the region. Rice culture irrigation system is done by flooding, which leads to soil salinization, a major environmental constraint to production since it alters the plants’ metabolism exposed to this type of stress. The indica cultivar, widely used in RS, has a higher sensitivity to salinity when compared to that of the japonica cultivar in other physiological aspects. Current research analyzes enzymes expression involved in salt-subjected indica and japonica rice cultivars’ respiration. Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica S.Kato (BRS Bojuru, IAS 12-9 Formosa and Goyakuman and Oryza sativa L. spp. indica S. Kato (BRS Taim-7, BRS Atalanta and BRS Querencia were the cultivars employed. Seedlings were transferred to 15 L basins containing 50% Hoagland nutrient solution increased by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl, and collected at 14, 28 and 42 days after transfer (DAT. Plant tissues were macerated and placed in eppendorf tubes with Scandálios extractor solution. Electrophoresis was performed in 7% of the polyacrylamide gels in vertical vats. Bands were revealed for the following enzymes systems: esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and alpha amylase. The enzymes expression was greater in subspecies japonica, with more intense bands in proportion to salinity increase. Results show that enzyme systems are involved in the salinity defense mechanisms in O. sativa spp. japonica cultivar.  

Microscopic methods for the interactions between complex nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Kiyomi; Tamagaki, Ryozo; Saito, Sakae; Horiuchi, Hisashi; Tohsaki-Suzuki, Akihiro.

1978-01-01

Microscopic study on composite-particle interaction performed in Japan is described in this paper. In chapter 1, brief historical description of the study is presented. In chapter 2, the theory of resonating group method (RGM) for describing microscopically the interaction between nuclei (clusters) is reviewed, and formulation on the description is presented. It is shown that the generator coordinate method (GCM) is a useful one for the description of interaction between shell model clusters, and that the kernels in the RGM are easily obtained from those of the GCM. The inter-cluster interaction can be well described by the orthogonality condition model (OCM). In chapter 3, the calculational procedures for the kernels of GCN, RGM and OCM and some properties related to their calculation are discussed. The GCM kernels for various types of systems are treated. The RGM kernels are evaluated by the integral transformation of GCM kernels. The problems related to the RGM norm kernel (RGM-NK) are discussed. The projection operator onto the Pauli-allowed state in OCM is obtained directly from the solution of the eigenvalue problem of RGM-NK. In chapter 4, the exchange kernels due to the antisymmetrization are derived in analytical way with the symbolical use of computer memory by taking the α + O 16 system as a typical example. New algorisms for deriving analytically the generator coordinate kernel (GCM kernel) are presented. In chapter 5, precise generalization of the Kohn-Hulthen-Kato variational method for scattering matrix is made for the purpose of microscopic study of reactions between complex nuclei with many channels coupled. (Kato, T.)

Relating tilt measurements recorded at Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa to the rupture of an M 2.2 event

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Share, P

2013-09-01

Full Text Available H. Ogasawara, G. Hofmann, H. Kato, M. Nakatani, H. Moriya, M. Naoi, Y. Yabe, R. Durrheim, A. Cichowicz, T. Kgarume, A. Milev, O. Murakami, T. Satoh and H. Kawakata 51 Quasi-static fault growth in a gabbro sample retrieved from a South African... of the event by Naoi et al.2011 produced a seismic moment of 2.9 × 1012 N·m. In contrast, calculations using the same data by the Institute of Mining Seismology (IMS, Hofmann2012, pers. comm.) gave a seismic moment of 9.875 × 1011 N·m, a corner frequency...

Parásitos intestinales en inmigrantes de la República Popular China residentes en Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela

OpenAIRE

BLANCO, YTALIA; GUERRERO, LINDARLING; HERRERA, LUISANA; AMA YA, IVAN; DEVERA, RODOLFO

2007-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en inmigrantes chinos que trabajan en comercios y restaurantes de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Entre agosto y septiembre de 2005 se evaluaron 76 muestras fecales, mediante la técnica de examen directo, los métodos de concentración de Kato, Formol-Éter y coloración de Kinyoun. Este grupo fue pareado de acuerdo a la edad y el sexo con 76 residentes autóctonos de Ciudad Bolívar formando así un grupo control. La pre...

Transient reflection and transmission of E polarized electromagnetic waves at boundary surface between air and moving isotropic plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Yukimasa

1977-01-01

The transient reflection and transmission waves of E polarized electromagnetic waves coming into the boundary surface between air and moving isotropic plasma were theoretically investigated. By using the Laplace transformation in the moving system, the formulae of Lorentz and inverse Lorentz transformations concerning electromagnetic field were transformed, thus the transient reflection and transmission waves were obtained. These waves were normalized with the angular frequency of the incident waves, and the variation of the wave form was obtained. Examples of the numerical calculation of reflected waves are shown for the plasma moving in parallel to the boundary surface. (Kato, T.)

Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: broad-spectrum immunity with combinations of rickettsial strains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eisenberg, G.H. Jr.; Osterman, J.V.

1979-01-01

Scrub typhus immunogens were prepared from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains Karp, Kato, Gilliam, Kostival, and Buie by exposing frozen infected yolk sac suspensions to 300 krad of gamma radiation. Mouse protection tests showed that each of the irradiated immunogens protected C3H/HeDub mice against high challenge levels of Karp and Gilliam, but that none of these single-strain immunogens were capable of protecting against all five of the challenge strains. Broad-spectrum protection was achieved by using combinations of three strains of irradiated rickettsiae in a vaccination regimen of three injections at 5-day intervals

Choques de colas anchas y política monetaria

OpenAIRE

Ortiz, Marco

2015-01-01

Este documento extiende el modelo de Kato y Nishiyama (2005) al introducir choques de colas anchas en un marco neokeynesiano simple, en el que el banco central considera en forma explícita la restricción de no negatividad de la tasa de interés. Los choques con curtosis excesiva hacen que la política monetaria sea más agresiva lejos de la región restringida. Sin embargo, esta diferencia se revierte a medida que la economía se aproxima a la región restringida. Desde un punto de vista cuantitati...

Workshop report of problems relating to multi-electron excited ions in plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, Takashi; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takayanagi, Toshinobu; Koike, Fumihiro; Nakamura, Koji.

1979-08-01

A workshop was held to discuss the problems relating to multiple electron-excited ions in plasma. The first part of this report deals with the problems of satellite lines. The satellite lines from laser plasma and vacuum sparks are discussed. Review papers on satellite lines and bielectronic recombination are also presented. The second part of this report deals with the problems of autoionization. Theory, comment on the compound state, observation of autoionization and resonance scattering, excitation cross-section, inner shell ionization, excitation through autoionization, and the bielectronic recombination of helium-like ions are discussed. (Kato, T.)

Parity-Time Symmetry and the Toy Models of Gain-Loss Dynamics near the Real Kato's Exceptional Points

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Znojil, Miloslav

2016-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 6 (2016), s. 52 ISSN 2073-8994 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-22945S Institutional support: RVO:61389005 Keywords : parity-time symmetry * Schrodinger equation * physical Hilbert space * inner-product metric operator * real exceptional points * solvable models * quantum Big Bang * quantum Inflation period Subject RIV: BE - Theoretical Physics Impact factor: 1.457, year: 2016

A Foucauldian Response to Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

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Banu Akcesme

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This paper intends to analyse how Penelope in Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad deconstructs The Odyssey with specific references to Gayatri C. Spivak’s “Can The Subaltern Speak?” from a Foucauldian perspective. Spivak has been criticized by many critics and writers because of her insistence on the impossibility of the subaltern to speak. This paper aims to display how the subaltern, unlike what Spivak has suggested, can speak, show resistance and take the initiative in the process of reconstructing their identities in The Penelopiad in the light of Foucault’s ideas on power, resistance and discourse. Although Penelope has been established as a submissive, subordinate and chaste wife, she proves to be a practical and pragmatic woman and creates her own opportunities to reject her imposed subalternity to assert herself through her voice and action. In this sense, Atwoods’s novel can be read as the deconstruction of Homer’s Oddyssey and Spivak’s theory about the impossibility for the subaltern to be heard and recognized. Foucault’s theory on the relation between power and subject is more inspiring and promising for the subaltern.

Antiestrogenic constituents of the Thai medicinal plants Capparis flavicans and Vitex glabrata.

Science.gov (United States)

Luecha, Prathan; Umehara, Kaoru; Miyase, Toshio; Noguchi, Hiroshi

2009-11-01

Antiestrogenic compounds were investigated from Thai indigenous plants for galactogogues since estrogen is reported to suppress lactation in breastfeeding women. The aerial parts of the Thai medicinal plant Capparis flavicans, which has traditionally been used to promote lactation, gave the new compound capparoside A (1), along with 28 known compounds. The leaves of Vitex glabrata belong to the same genus as the chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), which is used traditionally to support lactation, and afforded the new compounds khainaoside A (14), khainaoside B (15), and khainaoside C (16), together with six known compounds. The isolates were tested for their biological activity using the estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. Syringaresinol (3) and principin (6), from C. flavicans, and khainaoside A (14) showed the most potent inhibitory effects on estrogen-enhanced cell proliferation among all compounds isolated. These results suggest that the lactation-promoting properties of C. flavicans might be related to the inhibitory effect on excess estrogen of women who experience insufficient breastfeeding and highlight the possibility of using V. glabrata leaves for their antiestrogenic properties.

Religion, class and schooled sexuality among Minangkabau teenage girls

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Lyn Parker

2009-05-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the meanings attached to sexuality and femininity by Minangkabau teenage girls in schools in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Schools in West Sumatra communicate a hegemonic, normative understanding of womanhood, and a moral consciousness of the female sexual body, to students. Different types of schools – academic, vocational and Islamic senior high schools – have a different ‘curriculum of the body’ (Lesko 1988 and differently discipline bodies and shape sexuality. School girls articulate their understanding of and practise their sexuality in ways that are characteristic of their class, gender and religiosity, mediated by their schools. The schools articulate a religiously-ordained and gendered social order, and impose social control. The different types of school render girls chaste and virtuous to varying degrees. Through everyday practices, this curriculum effects girls’ embodied experience of sexuality. Minangkabau teenage girls have a highly developed sense of their own sexuality, but, far from experiencing a sexual revolution as a result of globalization, most have developed a sexual awareness that is weighted with cultural and religious burdens. Minang female adolescent sexuality is a moral sexuality based on Islam and adat.

Assessment of the radiation-induced loss of ductility in V-Cr-Ti alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rowcliffe, A.F.; Zinkle, S.J. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)

1997-04-01

Alloys based on the V-Cr-Ti system are attractive candidates for structural applications in fusion systems because of their low activation properties, high thermal stress factor (high thermal conductivity, moderate strength, and low coefficient of thermal expansion), and their good compatibility with liquid lithium. The U.S. program has defined a V-4Cr-4Ti (wt %) alloy as a leading candidate alloy based upon evidence from laboratory-scale (30 kg) heats covering the approximate composition range 0-8 wt % Ti and 5 to 15 wt % Cr. A review of the effects of neutron displacement damage, helium, and hydrogen generation on mechanical behavior, and of compatibility with lithium, water, and helium environments was presented at the ICFRM-5 conference at Clearwater in 1991. The results of subsequent optimization studies, focusing on the effects of fast reactor irradiation on tensile and impact properties of a range of alloys, were presented at the ICFRM-6 conference at Stresa in 1993. The primary conclusion of this work was that the V-4Cr-4Ti alloy composition possessed a near-optimal combination of physical and mechanical properties for fusion structural applications. Subsequently, a production-scale (500 kg) heat of V-4Cr-4Ti (Heat No. 832665) was procured from Teledyne Wah-Chang, together with several 15 kg heats of alloys with small variations in Cr and Ti. Further testing has been carried out on these alloys, including neutron irradiation experiments to study swelling and mechanical property changes. This paper discusses ductility measurements from some of these tests which are in disagreement with earlier work.

Schistosoma mansoni and HIV infection in a Ugandan population with high HIV and helminth prevalence.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanya, Richard E; Muhangi, Lawrence; Nampijja, Margaret; Nannozi, Victoria; Nakawungu, Prossy Kabuubi; Abayo, Elson; Webb, Emily L; Elliott, Alison M

2015-09-01

Recent reports suggest that Schistosoma infection may increase the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We used data from a large cross-sectional study to investigate whether Schistosoma mansoni infection is associated with increased HIV prevalence. We conducted a household survey of residents in island fishing communities in Mukono district, Uganda, between October 2012 and July 2013. HIV status was assessed using rapid test kits. Kato-Katz (KK) stool tests and urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) were used to test for Schistosoma infection. Multivariable logistic regression, allowing for the survey design, was used to investigate the association between S. mansoni infection and HIV infection. Data from 1412 participants aged 13 years and older were analysed (mean age 30.3 years, 45% female). The prevalence of HIV was 17.3%. Using the stool Kato-Katz technique on a single sample, S. mansoni infection was detected in 57.2% (719/1257) of participants; urine CCA was positive in 73.8% (478/650) of those tested. S. mansoni infection was not associated with HIV infection. [KK (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.74-1.47, P = 0.81), CCA (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.78-3.00, P = 0.19)]. The median S. mansoni egg count per gram was lower in the HIV-positive participants (P = 0.005). These results add to the evidence that S. mansoni has little effect on HIV transmission, but may influence egg excretion. © 2015 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications★

Science.gov (United States)

Drake, Gordon W. F.; Yoon, Jung-Sik; Kato, Daiji; Karwasz, Grzegorz

2018-03-01

This topical issue on Atomic and molecular data and their applications was motivated by the 10th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data (ICAMDATA 2016), which was held from September 26 to 29, 2016 in Gunsan, Republic of Korea. The topics of this issue reflect those of the conference program. The scientific papers in the topical issue cover the fields of atomic and molecular structure, radiative transitions, scattering processes, data base development, and the applications of atomic and molecular data to plasma modeling. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications", edited by Gordon W.F. Drake, Jung-Sik Yoon, Daiji Kato, and Grzegorz Karwasz.

Influence of semiclassical plasma on the energy levels and radiative transitions in highly charged ions★

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Hong-Wei; Chen, Zhan-Bin; Chen, Wen-Cong; Liu, Xiao-Bin; Fu, Nian; Wang, Kai

2017-11-01

Considering the quantum effects of diffraction and the collective screening effects, the potential of test charge in semiclassical plasmas is derived. It is generalized exponential screened Coulomb potential. Using the Ritz variational method incorporating this potential, the effects of semiclassical plasma on the energy levels and radiative transitions are investigated systematically, taking highly charged H-like ion as an example. The Debye plasma model is also employed for comparison purposes. Comparisons and analysis are made between these two sets of results and the differences are discussed. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications", edited by Gordon W.F. Drake, Jung-Sik Yoon, Daiji Kato, Grzegorz Karwasz.

Reconstruction of computed tomographic image from a few x-ray projections by means of accelerative gradient method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, Fujio; Yamaguchi, Shoichiro

1982-01-01

A method of the reconstruction of computed tomographic images was proposed to reduce the exposure dose to X-ray. The method is the small number of X-ray projection method by accelerative gradient method. The procedures of computation are described. The algorithm of these procedures is simple, the convergence of the computation is fast, and the required memory capacity is small. Numerical simulation was carried out to conform the validity of this method. A sample of simple shape was considered, projection data were given, and the images were reconstructed from 6 views. Good results were obtained, and the method is considered to be useful. (Kato, T.)

The TOF experiments and plans at JAERI-FNS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maekawa, Hiroshi

1982-01-01

A fast neutron source system (FNS) has been constructed at the Tokai Laboratory of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The pulse width of d-d neutron from the FNS is 1.72 ns. The length of flight path is about 33 m. Prepared detectors are a NE-213 bank, a (B-10) 4 C-NaI bank, and Li-6, Li-7 glass scintillators. Various electronic circuits are provided. A DEC VAX- 11/780 computer is used for the data processing. The experiment to measure the angle-dependent leak spectra by Li 2 O and Li plate assemblies are designed and will be done in near future. (Kato, T.)

A user's manual of Tools for Error Estimation of Complex Number Matrix Computation (Ver.1.0)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichihara, Kiyoshi.

1997-03-01

'Tools for Error Estimation of Complex Number Matrix Computation' is a subroutine library which aids the users in obtaining the error ranges of the complex number linear system's solutions or the Hermitian matrices' eigen values. This library contains routines for both sequential computers and parallel computers. The subroutines for linear system error estimation calulate norms of residual vectors, matrices's condition numbers, error bounds of solutions and so on. The error estimation subroutines for Hermitian matrix eigen values' derive the error ranges of the eigen values according to the Korn-Kato's formula. This user's manual contains a brief mathematical background of error analysis on linear algebra and usage of the subroutines. (author)

Hylleraas-like functions with the correct cusp conditions: K-shell electrons for the neutral atoms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodriguez, K.V. [Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahia Blanca and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (Argentina)], E-mail: krodri@criba.edu.ar; Gasaneo, G. [Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahia Blanca and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (Argentina); Mitnik, D.M.; Miraglia, J.E. [Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio and Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2007-10-15

We present simple correlated wavefunctions for the two K-shell electrons of neutral atoms. A variational method was chosen to calculate the mean energy of the ground state, in which the electrons are subject to a local Hartree potential representing the presence of the outer shell electrons. The functions are constructed in terms of exponential and power series, where special care has been taken in order to fulfill the exact behavior at the electron-electron and electron-nucleus coalescence points (Kato cusp conditions). Global properties, such as the energies and virial coefficients, as well as local properties, such as spatial mean values, are also analyzed.

'TRISTAN'; a database for electron colliding beam experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Y.; Igarashi, M.; Nakazawa, N.; Oyanagi, Y.

1982-01-01

In this data base, the reference papers on the experiments of positron-electron colliding beam were collected for the purpose to utilize them for the TRISTAN project. The on-line retrieval of the references is possible. The number of the references is 289 during the period from January, 1974, to September, 1981. The collection of data will be continued hereafter. The terms retrievable are accelerator, incident beam, code, and radiation correction formula. The SC (name of the first author, year), incident energy, detector, luminocity, integrated luminosity, reaction, purpose and comments are also included as the data. The system is written in FORTRAN 77, and is portable. (Kato, T.)

Low-energy electron scattering from pyrimidine: Similarities and differences with benzene

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, D. B.; Bellm, S. M.; Limão-Vieira, P.; Brunger, M. J.

2012-05-01

Differential cross sections for low-energy electron-impact excitation of the unresolved combinations of 23B2 + 21A1 and 31A1 + 21B2 electronic states of pyrimidine are reported. Comparisons are made with recent differential cross section measurements for the electron-impact excitation of the 1E1u and unresolved 1B1u + 3E2g electronic states of benzene [H. Kato, M. Hoshino, H. Tanaka, P. Limão-Vieira, O. Ingolfsson, L. Campbell, M.J. Brunger, J. Chem. Phys. 134 (2011) 134308.], in order to evaluate the nature of electron impact π-π∗ transitions in aromatic species.

Aerodynamic window for a laser fusion device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masuda, Wataru

1983-01-01

Since the window of a laser system absorbs a part of the laser energy, the output power is determined by the characteristics of the window. The use of an aerodynamic window has been studied. The required characteristics are to keep the large pressure difference. An equation of motion of a vortex was presented and analyzed. The operation power of the system was studied. A multi-stage aerodynamic window was proposed to reduce the power. When the jet flow of 0.3 of the Mach number is used, the operation power will be several Megawatt, and the length of an optical path will be about 100 m. (Kato, T.)

Collective motions of globally coupled oscillators and some probability distributions on circle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaćimović, Vladimir [Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put, bb., 81000 Podgorica (Montenegro); Crnkić, Aladin, E-mail: aladin.crnkic@hotmail.com [Faculty of Technical Engineering, University of Bihać, Ljubijankićeva, bb., 77000 Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2017-06-28

In 2010 Kato and Jones described a new family of probability distributions on circle, obtained as Möbius transformation of von Mises distribution. We present the model demonstrating that these distributions appear naturally in study of populations of coupled oscillators. We use this opportunity to point out certain relations between Directional Statistics and collective motion of coupled oscillators. - Highlights: • We specify probability distributions on circle that arise in Kuramoto model. • We study how the mean-field coupling affects the shape of distribution of phases. • We discuss potential applications in some experiments on cell cycle. • We apply Directional Statistics to study collective dynamics of coupled oscillators.

PREVALENCIA DE Strongyloides stercoralis Y OTROS PARÁSITOS INTESTINALES EN INDIGENTES ALCOHÓLICOS DE CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, ESTADO BOLÍVAR, VENEZUELA | PREVALENCE OF Strongyloides stercoralis AND OTHER INTESTINAL PARASITES IN ALCOHOLIC HOMELESS FROM CIUDAD BOLÍVAR, BOLÍVAR STATE, VENEZUELA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodolfo Devera

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Between may and july 2010 a study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in alcoholic homeless who attend two Alcoholics Anonymous Centers in Ciudad Bolívar, Bolívar State, Venezuela. Eighty stool samples were collected, which were analyzed using the techniques of direct examination, Kato, micro-Baermann, Rugai and agar plate culture. An estimate of 61.3% of the evaluated population was parasitized. The intestinal parasite most prevalent was the chromist Blastocystis (33.8%. Among the protozoan, the most common was Endolimax nana (21.3% and among the helminths it was Strongyloides stercoralis (12.5%.

Towards a constructive approach of a gauge invariant, massive P(PHI)2 theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schrader, R.

1978-01-01

As part of a possible constructive approach to a gauge invariant P(PHI) 2 theory, we consider massive, scalar, polynomially selfcoupled fields PHI in a fixed external Yang-Mills potential A in two dimensional euclidean space. For a large class of A's we show that the corresponding euclidean Green's functions for fields PHI have a lower mass gap for weak coupling which is uniform in A. The result is obtained by adapting the Glimm-Jaffe-Spencer cluster expansion to the present situation through Kato's inequality, which reflects the diamagnetic effect of the Yang-Mills potential. A dicussion of the corresponding gauge covariance is included. (orig.) [de

Medosebni odnosi in vsebina dela kot dejavnika stresa pri srednjem managementu = Interpersonal Relationships and Work Content as Stress Factors among Middle Management

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Polona Kožuh

2011-06-01

Full Text Available In the modern society, where importance is placed on progress, newtechnologies and economic trends, there is a lack of awareness of thesignificance of good interpersonal relations and organizational culturewithin a company. They both contribute to the better functioningof employees as well as the entire organization. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine any possible differences between the stressorslinked to the relationships within an organization and those linked tothe work of middle management. The study included 58 middle managersworking in commercial activity in the Ljubljana region. The resultshave indicated that the amount of stressors related to the relationships,and stressors related to the managers’ work, that affect themiddle managers participating in the survey is on average the same.The results have therefore shown no statistically significant differencebetween the two forms of the studied stress factors.

The spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire

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Rufin K. Assaré

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Schistosomiasis poses a considerable public health burden in sub- Saharan Africa and a sound understanding of the spatial distribution facilitates to better target control interventions. The objectives of this study were i to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among school-aged children in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire; ii to determine demographic, climatic and environmental factors that influence the distribution of S. mansoni; and iii to map and predict the distribution of S. mansoni in non-sampled locations. Parasitological surveys were carried out in 264 schools from June to December 2011. In each school, we aimed to examine 50 children for S. mansoni infection using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. Schools were georeferenced using a hand-held global positioning system receiver. Demographic data were obtained from readily available school lists, while climatic and environmental data were extracted from open-access remote sensing databases. Multivariable, binary non-spatial models and a Bayesian geostatistical logistic regression model were used to identify demographic, climatic and environmental risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Risk maps were developed based on observed S. mansoni prevalences and using Bayesian geostatistical models to predict prevalences at non-sampled locations. Overall, 12,462 children provided a sufficiently large stool sample to perform at least one Kato-Katz thick smear. The observed overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 39.9%, ranging from 0 to 100% at the unit of the school. Bayesian geostatistical analysis revealed that age, sex, altitude and difference between land surface temperature at day and night were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. The S. mansoni risk map presented here is being been used by the national schistosomiasis control programme for spatial targeting of praziquantel and other interventions.

New genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from humans in Eastern Taiwan.

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Hui-Hua Yang

Full Text Available Scrub typhus, an acute febrile illness, is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. In our study, O. tsutsugamushi was rapidly detected and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP analysis of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA gene. To investigate the genotypes of clinical variants of O. tsutsugamushi, we collected 3223 blood samples from eastern Taiwanese patients with suspected scrub typhus from 2002 to 2008. In total, 505 samples were found to be positive for scrub typhus infection by PCR, and bacteria were isolated from 282 of them. Four prototype genotype strains (Karp, Kato, Kawasaki and Gilliam and eleven different Taiwanese genotype isolates (Taiwan-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -G, -H, -J, -N, -O and -P were identified by RPLF analysis. Taiwan-H, the major genotype in eastern Taiwan, exhibited prevalence and isolation rates of 47.3% (239/505 and 42.6% (120/282, respectively. We also assessed the genetic relatedness of the 56-kDa TSA gene among eight Taiwan-H isolates, thirteen other Taiwanese isolates and 104 DNA sequences deposited in the GenBank database using MEGA version 5.0 and PHYLIP version 3.66. We found that the Taiwan-H isolates formed into a new cluster, which was designated the Taiwan Gilliam-variant (TG-v cluster to distinguish it from the Japanese Gilliam-variant (JG-v cluster. According to Simplot analysis, TG-v is a new recombinant strain among Gilliam, Ikeda and Kato. Moreover, the Gilliam-Kawasaki cluster had the highest percentage of RFLP cases and was the most frequently isolated type in eastern Taiwan (50.1%, 253/505; 44.0%, 124/282. These findings shed light on the genetic evolution of O. tsutsugamushi into different strains and may be useful in vaccine development and epidemic disease control in the future.

New Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi Isolated from Humans in Eastern Taiwan

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chin-Hui; Chen, Tren-Yi; Chen, Li-Kuang

2012-01-01

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile illness, is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. In our study, O. tsutsugamushi was rapidly detected and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) gene. To investigate the genotypes of clinical variants of O. tsutsugamushi, we collected 3223 blood samples from eastern Taiwanese patients with suspected scrub typhus from 2002 to 2008. In total, 505 samples were found to be positive for scrub typhus infection by PCR, and bacteria were isolated from 282 of them. Four prototype genotype strains (Karp, Kato, Kawasaki and Gilliam) and eleven different Taiwanese genotype isolates (Taiwan-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -G, -H, -J, -N, -O and -P) were identified by RPLF analysis. Taiwan-H, the major genotype in eastern Taiwan, exhibited prevalence and isolation rates of 47.3% (239/505) and 42.6% (120/282), respectively. We also assessed the genetic relatedness of the 56-kDa TSA gene among eight Taiwan-H isolates, thirteen other Taiwanese isolates and 104 DNA sequences deposited in the GenBank database using MEGA version 5.0 and PHYLIP version 3.66. We found that the Taiwan-H isolates formed into a new cluster, which was designated the Taiwan Gilliam-variant (TG-v) cluster to distinguish it from the Japanese Gilliam-variant (JG-v) cluster. According to Simplot analysis, TG-v is a new recombinant strain among Gilliam, Ikeda and Kato. Moreover, the Gilliam-Kawasaki cluster had the highest percentage of RFLP cases and was the most frequently isolated type in eastern Taiwan (50.1%, 253/505; 44.0%, 124/282). These findings shed light on the genetic evolution of O. tsutsugamushi into different strains and may be useful in vaccine development and epidemic disease control in the future. PMID:23071693

Research on the actual condition on the licensed chief engineers of radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1976-01-01

A research on the actual condition on the licensed chief engineers of radiation was performed on October, 1975. Question cards were sent to 2915 facilities in Japan, and answers came back from 2850 facilities. Answers report the size of each facility, number of employee, number of chief engineers in charge, age of chief engineers, appointment authority, responsibility, improvement of working condition of chief engineer, and assistant officer for chief engineer. The number of worker is 62,456 in 2,769 facilities. The number of chief engineer in charge is 3,286 containing 579 doctor and/or dentist. The age of chief in 80 percent facilities is above 31. System of management of radiation safety was also investigated. (Kato, T.)

Flow of conductive fluid between parallel disks in an axial magnetic field, (2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koike, Kazuo; Kamiyama, Shin-ichi

1981-01-01

The basic characteristics of the flow in a disc type non-equilibrium MHD power generator were studied. The flow of conductive fluid between parallel disks in an axial magnetic field was analyzed as the subsonic MHD turbulent approach flow of viscous compressible fluid, taking the electron temperature dependence of conductivity into account. The equations for the flow between disks are described by ordinary electromagnetic hydrodynamic approximation. Practical numerical calculation was performed for the non-equilibrium argon plasma seeded with potassium. The effects of the variation of characteristics of non-equilibrium plasma in main flow and boundary layer on the flow characteristics became clear. The qualitative tendency of the properties of MHD generators can be well explained. (Kato, T.)

Information retrieval in particle physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oyanagi, Yoshio

1983-01-01

Various information retrieval systems for elementary particle physics are introduced. Scientific information has been distributed in the form of books, periodicals or preprints. Some periodicals include the abstracts of information only. Recently, computer systems, by which the information retrieval can be easily done, have been developed. The construction of networks connecting various computer systems is in progress. It is possible to call the data base of Rutherford Laboratory from a telephone terminal of Laurence Berkeley Laboratory. The access to the Network by British Science Research Council can be made from DESY or CERN. The examples of on-line information retrieval in Japan are presented. Some of the periodicals of secondary information and data books are also introduced. (Kato, T.)

Potential theory for stationary Schrödinger operators: a survey of results obtained with non-probabilistic methods

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Marco Bramanti

1992-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper we deal with a uniformly elliptic operator of the kind: Lu  Au + Vu, where the principal part A is in divergence form, and V is a function assumed in a “Kato class”. This operator has been studied in different contexts, especially using probabilistic techniques. The aim of the present work is to give a unified and simplified presentation of the results obtained with non probabilistic methods for the operator L on a bounded Lipschitz domain. These results regard: continuity of the solutions of Lu=0; Harnack inequality; estimates on the Green's function and L-harmonic measure; boundary behavior of positive solutions of Lu=0, in particular a “Fatou's theorem”.

Perturbation Theory of Embedded Eigenvalues

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Engelmann, Matthias

project gives a general and systematic approach to analytic perturbation theory of embedded eigenvalues. The spectral deformation technique originally developed in the theory of dilation analytic potentials in the context of Schrödinger operators is systematized by the use of Mourre theory. The group...... of dilations is thereby replaced by the unitary group generated y the conjugate operator. This then allows to treat the perturbation problem with the usual Kato theory.......We study problems connected to perturbation theory of embedded eigenvalues in two different setups. The first part deals with second order perturbation theory of mass shells in massive translation invariant Nelson type models. To this end an expansion of the eigenvalues w.r.t. fiber parameter up...

US plans for burning plasma experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, D.

1982-01-01

The first US burning plasma experiment will be the TFTR at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The initial start-up with hydrogen is expected in December, 1983. The experiment by D-T reaction will begin in 1986. Because of the lack of shielding capability, later experiment is not yet defined. The informal scientific interaction with JET (European project) is kept. The design work on the Fusion Engineering Device (FED) continues, but is delayed. US fusion laboratories collaborated with IPP-Garching on the conceptual design of Zephyr experiment. The US continues to participate in INTOR activities, and will investigate into the critical issues relevant to both INTOR and FED in coming years. (Kato, T.)

La globalización capitalista y el lugar epistémico de la educación popular en América Latina

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Marco Raúl Mejía

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Entrevista con Marco Raúl Mejía. Mejía es licenciado en Filosofía y Letras de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá (Colombia y doctor del Proyecto Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones Educativas en Chile (PIIE. Autor de importantes libros y textos sobre educación popular en América Latina, como "Globalizaciones y educaciones", "Educación popular en el siglo XXI" y "Sistematización". Marco Raúl Mejía también es educador popular en los proyectos Planeta Paz y la Expedición Pedagógica Nacional de Colombia. Coordinación: dr. Danilo Seithi Kato / dr. Felipe Ziotti Narita.

Correspondence of vacuum ultraviolet aurora image with the inverted-V structure observed by Kyokko

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaneda, Eisuke; Mukai, Toshifumi; Hirao, Kunio.

1982-01-01

Since the Kyokko has been in an orbit with the inclination of 65.3 degree, various patterns of the inverted-V structure can be observed. Correspondence of vacuum ultraviolet aurora image with the inverted-V structure was studied. The energy-time diagrams were obtained. The inverted-V event occurrence map was made. The down-dusk asymmetry was recognized. The patterns of the inverted-V structure observed at present were not much different from previous ones. The observed aurora images showed not only the patterns of aurora, but also the state of aurora spreading in the polar region. Some of the observed results of energy characteristics and the aurora images are shown. (Kato, T.)

Treatment Failure after Multiple Courses of Triclabendazole among Patients with Fascioliasis in Cusco, Peru: A Case Series

Science.gov (United States)

Cabada, Miguel M.; Lopez, Martha; Cruz, Maria; Delgado, Jennifer R.; Hill, Virginia; White, A. Clinton

2016-01-01

Triclabendazole is reported to be highly effective in treatment of human fascioliasis. We present 7 of 19 selected cases of human fascioliasis referred to our center in the Cusco region of Peru that failed to respond to triclabendazole. These were mostly symptomatic adults of both sexes that continued passing Fasciola eggs in the stool despite multiple treatments with 2 doses of triclabendazole at 10 mg/kg per dose. We documented the presence of eggs by rapid sedimentation and Kato Katz tests after each treatment course. We found that repeated triclabendazole courses were not effective against fascioliasis in this group of people. These findings suggest that resistance to triclabendazole may be an emerging problem in the Andes. PMID:26808543

Treatment Failure after Multiple Courses of Triclabendazole among Patients with Fascioliasis in Cusco, Peru: A Case Series.

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Miguel M Cabada

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Triclabendazole is reported to be highly effective in treatment of human fascioliasis. We present 7 of 19 selected cases of human fascioliasis referred to our center in the Cusco region of Peru that failed to respond to triclabendazole. These were mostly symptomatic adults of both sexes that continued passing Fasciola eggs in the stool despite multiple treatments with 2 doses of triclabendazole at 10 mg/kg per dose. We documented the presence of eggs by rapid sedimentation and Kato Katz tests after each treatment course. We found that repeated triclabendazole courses were not effective against fascioliasis in this group of people. These findings suggest that resistance to triclabendazole may be an emerging problem in the Andes.

[Epidemiological investigation of fascioliasis and analysis of a chronic human fascioliasis case in Binchuan County, Yunnan Province].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Feng; Yang, Hui; Liu, Yu-hua; Duan, Yu-chun; Yang, Jing; Cui, Yu-hua; Yang, Li-qun; Yang, Qiong; Zhang, Jian-guo; Luo, Jia-jun

2014-12-01

From February to March 2014, six natural villages in Zhoucheng Town, Binchuan County of Yunan Province, were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Serum anti-fascioliasis IgG was detected by ELISA. The sero-positive individuals were further tested for Fasciola infection using sediment detection with nylon bag (260 meshes) and Kato-Katz method. Among 1207 sampled persons, the sero-positive rate was 3.0% (36/1207). The rate in males and females was 2.3% (12/530) and 3.6% (24/677) (u=1.46, P>0.05). The sero-positive rate in Zhoucheng Village and Baizhuang Village was 4.0% (24/616) and 2.0% (12/591), respectively (u=2.07, Pfascioliasis.

Treatment Failure after Multiple Courses of Triclabendazole among Patients with Fascioliasis in Cusco, Peru: A Case Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Cabada, Miguel M; Lopez, Martha; Cruz, Maria; Delgado, Jennifer R; Hill, Virginia; White, A Clinton

2016-01-01

Triclabendazole is reported to be highly effective in treatment of human fascioliasis. We present 7 of 19 selected cases of human fascioliasis referred to our center in the Cusco region of Peru that failed to respond to triclabendazole. These were mostly symptomatic adults of both sexes that continued passing Fasciola eggs in the stool despite multiple treatments with 2 doses of triclabendazole at 10 mg/kg per dose. We documented the presence of eggs by rapid sedimentation and Kato Katz tests after each treatment course. We found that repeated triclabendazole courses were not effective against fascioliasis in this group of people. These findings suggest that resistance to triclabendazole may be an emerging problem in the Andes.

Time dependent drift Hamiltonian

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boozer, A.H.

1982-04-01

The motion of individual charged particles in a given magnetic and an electric fields is discussed. An idea of a guiding center distribution function f is introduced. The guiding center distribution function is connected to the asymptotic Hamiltonian through the drift kinetic equation. The general non-stochastic magnetic field can be written in a contravariant and a covariant forms. The drift Hamiltonian is proposed, and the canonical gyroradius is presented. The proposed drift Hamiltonian agrees with Alfven's drift velocity to lowest non-vanishing order in the gyroradius. The relation between the exact, time dependent equations of motion and the guiding center equation is clarified by a Lagrangian analysis. The deduced Lagrangian represents the drift motion. (Kato, T.)

Quantitative evaluation of a handheld light microscope for field diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogoch, Isaac I; Andrews, Jason R; Speich, Benjamin; Ame, Shaali M; Ali, Said M; Stothard, J Russell; Utzinger, Jürg; Keiser, Jennifer

2014-12-01

We evaluated the Newton Nm1, a commercially available handheld light microscope and compared it with conventional light microscopy for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections. A total of 91 Kato-Katz thick smears were examined by experienced microscopists and helminth eggs were counted and expressed as eggs per gram of stool (EPG). Mean egg counts were significantly higher with the conventional light microscope (5,190 EPG versus 2,386 EPG for Ascaris lumbricoides; 826 versus 456 for Trichuris trichiura; both P Newton Nm1 microscope may be a useful tool for the detection and quantification of soil-transmitted helminth infection in clinical, epidemiologic, and public health settings. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Dynamical interplay between pairing and quadrupole correlations in odd-mass nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaneko, Kazunari; Takada, Kenjiro; Sakata, Fumihiko; Tazaki, Shigeru.

1982-01-01

Study of the dynamical interplay between pairing and quadrupole correlations in odd-mass nuclei has been developed. One of the purposes of this paper is to predict that the new collective excited states may exist system-atically in odd-mass nuclei. Other purpose is to discuss a new collective band structure on the top of a unique-parity one-quasiparticle state. Through the numerical calculations, it has been clarified that the dynamical mutual interplay between the pairing and the quadrupole degrees of freedom played an important role in the odd-mass transitional nuclei to bring about the new type of collective states. The results of calculation were compared with the experimental data. (Kato, T.)

The Determination of the Biochemical Properties of Some Monofloral Honey Samples Produced across Turkey

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Aziz Gül

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted in 2013 to determine the biochemical properties of 10 different monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. For the study, honey samples were obtained from beekeepers and the identity and relative percentage of dominant pollen types in samples was determined through microscopic analysis. Pollen analysis revealed that honey types chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus and sunflower (Helianthus annuus contained high proportions of each respective pollen type. These proportions reached as high as 86%, while other honey types such as Anason had low Anasom pollen content, occurring at 45% in whole honey samples. Biochemical analysis revealed that the average honey sample quality characteristics were as followings: ash 0.37±0.04, electricity conductivity 0.79±0.07 mS/cm, moisture 19.15±0.09%, pH 3.97±0.02, acidity 29.07±0.39 meq/kg, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, 6.17±0.76 mg/kg, diastase 22.05±0.00, invert sugar 69.72±0.49% and sucrose 2.90±0.30%. These analyses confirmed that honey samples met standards outlined by the Turkish Food Codex Honey Standard, European Union Honey Standard and Codex Standards respectively.

PENGOBATAN DAN PENILAIAN STATUS GIZI ANAK SDN 1 LUWUS, BATURITI YANG MENDERITA CACINGAN (SOIL- TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS

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P. A. ASRI DAMAYANTI

2013-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT During public health services at Sekolah Dasar 1 (primary school Luwus, a number of 54 out of 140 schoolchildren were treated for helminthiases. Diagnoses of infections were based on their faecal samples examination by Kato-Katz smear technique. The prevalence rate of intestinal helminthic infection was 38,57%. Ascaris lumbricoides was found to be more dominant than Trichuris trichiura. Albendazol 400mg as a single dose for those who suffered Ascaris lumbricoides and Albendazole 400 mg daily for two days for those who suffered Ascaris lumbricoides mix with Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides mix with Enterobius vermicularis. Treatment was done at school in the morning to prevent them from losing such treatment. No side effects were found during treatment.

Measurement of mass distribution of U-235 fission products in the intermediate neutron region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakagomi, Yoshihiro; Kobayashi, Shohei; Yamamoto, Shuji; Kanno, Ikuo; Wakabayashi, Hiroaki.

1982-01-01

The mass distribution and the momentum distribution of U-235 fission products in the intermediate neutron region were measured by using a combination system of the Yayoi intermediate neutron column and an electron linear accelerator. The double energy measurement method was applied. A fission chamber, which consists of an enriched uranium target and two Si surface barrier detectors, was used for the measurement of the neutrons with energy above 1.3 eV. The linear accelerator was operated at the repetition rate of 100 Hz and the pulse width of 10 ns. The data obtained by the two-dimensional pulse height analysis were analyzed by the Schmitt's method. The preliminary results of the mass distribution and the momentum distribution of fission fragments were obtained. (Kato, T.)

Investigation of scientific literacy on understanding of ionizing radiations in elementary and junior high school students in Kagoshima prefecture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukutoku, Yasuo

2009-01-01

Recently in Japan, many investigations to grasp the ways of thinking in the national layers for energy, environment and radiation applications have been carried out. In the investigations for radiation applications, there is a pointing out that the age which the knowledge on radiations and their related matters is formed is predominantly in elementary school years. Therefore, in order to find out the future way of proceeding with the education of nuclear power and radiations in the curriculums of elementary and junior high schools, the questionnaire survey on radiations and their related matters was carried out for the public elementary and junior high school students in Kagoshima prefecture. The results of the questionnaire survey are summarized in the present paper. (K. Kato)

High-power laser experiments to study collisionless shock generation

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Sakawa Y.

2013-11-01

Full Text Available A collisionless Weibel-instability mediated shock in a self-generated magnetic field is studied using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation [Kato and Takabe, Astophys. J. Lett. 681, L93 (2008]. It is predicted that the generation of the Weibel shock requires to use NIF-class high-power laser system. Collisionless electrostatic shocks are produced in counter-streaming plasmas using Gekko XII laser system [Kuramitsu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 175002 (2011]. A NIF facility time proposal is approved to study the formation of the collisionless Weibel shock. OMEGA and OMEGA EP experiments have been started to study the plasma conditions of counter-streaming plasmas required for the NIF experiment using Thomson scattering and to develop proton radiography diagnostics.

Report of the study meeting on the interaction between plasma and the first wall of a fusion reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyahara, Akira; Akaishi, Kenya; Kawamura, Takaichi; Kabetani, Zenzaburo; Sagara, Akio.

1978-12-01

The study meeting on the interaction between plasma and the first wall of a fusion reactor was held from July 24 to July 27, 1978. At this meeting, discussions were made on the interaction between plasma and wall and the effect of impurities. Reports on the ISS observation concerning the Mo surface as a limiter, on the measurement of sputter rate by a microbalance, on the surface roughness of the materials for the first wall at the atomic order, on the selective sputtering of binary alloys, and on the physical and chemical sputtering on the material surface of C and SiC were also presented. The research projects of the Institute of Plasma Physics and Hokkaido University were introduced. Collaboration of two groups was considered. (Kato, T.)

Reviving Markov processes and applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, H.

1988-01-01

In this dissertation we study a procedure which restarts a Markov process when the process is killed by some arbitrary multiplicative functional. The regenerative nature of this revival procedure is characterized through a Markov renewal equation. An interesting duality between the revival procedure and the classical killing operation is found. Under the condition that the multiplicative functional possesses an intensity, the generators of the revival process can be written down explicitly. An intimate connection is also found between the perturbation of the sample path of a Markov process and the perturbation of a generator (in Kato's sense). The applications of the theory include the study of the processes like piecewise-deterministic Markov process, virtual waiting time process and the first entrance decomposition (taboo probability)

Case immunologically disturbed by thorotrast-induced hepatoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boku, S; Kato, M; Okuyama, T; Masuzawa, Manabu; Matsuo, S [National Osaka Hospital (Japan)

1980-10-01

A case, 57 years old man, with thorotrast-induced hepatocellular carcinoma was reported. Thorium deposits in the reticuloendothelial tissues have the hazardous radiation effects on those tissues forever. In this case, the mean thorium amount in the spleen was 28.4% and the mean activity ratio of Ac-228 to Th-232 was 0.948. These values were much different from those reported by Kato in 1968. The ratio of T-cell to T.B. population decreased and PPD and PHA intradermal skin test were negative. Plasma cells in bone marrow increased and IgG was 4 g/dl. In these immunological studies it was supposed that T-cell function was impaired and B-cell function, especially IgG fraction was stimulated.

Evaluation and optimization of the Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test for detecting Schistosoma mansoni infection by using image analysis in school children in Mwanza Region, Tanzania

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Partal, Miriam Casacuberta; Kinunghi, Safari; Vennervald, Birgitte J

2016-01-01

of Lake Victoria in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, and to optimize the reading of the POC-CCA test lines by using a computer software image analysis. Initially, a pilot study in 106 school children indicated that time of urine collection did not have an impact on CCA results as 84.9% (90) had identical scores...... POC-CCAs were compared to six Kato-Katz smears (75.0% vs. 42.6%; p reading of the POC-CCA, a Software...... tool (Image Studio Lite®) was used to read and quantify the colour (expressed as pixels) of the test line on all positive tests, showing a positive correlation between number of pixels and the visually scored intensities and between number of pixels and egg counts. In conclusion, the POC-CCA assay...

Convergence of Nelson diffusions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dell'Antonio, G.; Posilicano, A.

1991-01-01

Let ψ t , ψ t n , n≥1, be solutions of Schroedinger equations with potentials form-bounded by -1/2 Δ and initial data in H 1 (R d ). Let P, P n , n≥1, be the probability measures on the path space Ω=C(R + , R d ) given by the corresponding Nelson diffusions. We show that if {ψ t n } n≥1 converges to ψ t in H 2 (R d ), uniformly in t over compact intervals, then {P n } n≥1 converges to P in total variation. Moreover, if the potentials are in the Kato class K d , we show that the above result follows from H 1 -convergence of initial data, and K d -convergence of potentials. (orig.)

Comment on α-particle diagnostics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sasao, M.

1982-01-01

The problems of the alpha-particle diagnostics using neutral atom doping beam were investigated. It might be sufficient to use the beam with the velocity of 0.8 v(α) in order to measure a wide range of the alpha particle velocity spectra. The required beam intensity may be 10 mA, if the neutral He fraction is large enough. The cross sections of neutralization with large neutral He fraction in various gases must be measured. The precise calculation of beam dynamics must be investigated. The test experiment in D-D plasma may be possible and useful. At present, in Japan, the negative ion sources of He are under development. The measurement of the cross sections is in progress. (Kato, T.)

Incorporation of threshold phenomena in the three-body Coulomb continuum wavefunctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berakdar, J.

1996-01-01

In this work a three-body Coulomb wavefunction for the description of two continuum electrons moving in the field of a nucleus is constructed such that the Wannier threshold law for double escape is reproduced and the asymptotic Coulomb boundary conditions as well as the Kato cusp conditions are satisfied. It is shown that the absolute value of the total cross section, as well as the spin asymmetry, are well described by the present approach. Further, the excess-energy sharing between the two escaping electrons is calculated and analysed in light of the Wannier theory predictions. This is the first time an analytical three-body wavefunction is presented which is asymptotically exact and capable of describing threshold phenomena. 37 refs., 3 figs

Table of members of quasi-bands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakai, Mitsuo.

1984-04-01

The probable members of the quasi-bands in even-even nuclei for Z between 6 and 100 are listed in this table. The terms quasi-bands have been introduced in the so-called spherical regions as the counter parts of the collective bands in the deformed regions. In the present compilation, the data for deformed nuclei are classified for convenience under the same titles, Quasi-Ground Band, Quasi-Beta Band and Quasi-Gamma Band, as are used for other nuclear regions. The present edition covers the literature through September, 1983. Fifteen newly discovered nuclides are included. The classification of energy level into quasi-bands is made on the basis of the systematic trend in the data over large groups of nuclei. (Kato, T.)

In search of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem

Science.gov (United States)

Lammert, Paul E.

2018-04-01

The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem, a cornerstone of electronic density functional theory, concerns uniqueness of external potentials yielding given ground densities of an N -body system. The problem is rigorously explored in a universe of three-dimensional Kato-class potentials, with emphasis on trade-offs between conditions on the density and conditions on the potential sufficient to ensure uniqueness. Sufficient conditions range from none on potentials coupled with everywhere strict positivity of the density to none on the density coupled with something a little weaker than local 3 N /2 -power integrability of the potential on a connected full-measure set. A second theme is localizability, that is, the possibility of uniqueness over subsets of R3 under less stringent conditions.

"Moor, she was chaste, she loved thee, cruel Moor". 'Othello' as a starting point for alternative dramatic representations of the female voice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Coporaal, M

2002-01-01

The common association between woman's speech and wantonness which dominated cultural discourses in Renaissance England, marked the representation of female characters in most Jacobean tragedies. As will be shown in this paper, William Shakespeare's "Othello" marks an important breach with the

Efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mekongi and Opisthorchis viverrini: a randomized, single-blinded dose-comparison trial.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonore Lovis

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis and opisthorchiasis are of public health importance in Southeast Asia. Praziquantel (PZQ is the drug of choice for morbidity control but few dose comparisons have been made. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-three schoolchildren were enrolled in an area of Lao PDR where Schistosoma mekongi and Opisthorchis viverrini coexist for a PZQ dose-comparison trial. Prevalence and intensity of infections were determined by a rigorous diagnostic effort (3 stool specimens, each examined with triplicate Kato-Katz before and 28-30 days after treatment. Ninety children with full baseline data were randomized to receive PZQ: the 40 mg/kg standard single dose (n = 45 or a 75 mg/kg total dose (50 mg/kg+25 mg/kg, 4 hours apart; n = 45. Adverse events were assessed at 3 and 24 hours posttreatment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Baseline infection prevalence of S. mekongi and O. viverrini were 87.8% and 98.9%, respectively. S. mekongi cure rates were 75.0% (95% confidence interval (CI: 56.6-88.5% and 80.8% (95% CI: 60.6-93.4% for 40 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg PZQ, respectively (P = 0.60. O. viverrini cure rates were significantly different at 71.4% (95% CI: 53.4-84.4% and 96.6% (95% CI: not defined, respectively (P = 0.009. Egg reduction rates (ERRs against O. viverrini were very high for both doses (>99%, but slightly lower for S. mekongi at 40 mg/kg (96.4% vs. 98.1% and not influenced by increasing diagnostic effort. O. viverrini cure rates would have been overestimated and no statistical difference between doses found if efficacy was based on a minimum sampling effort (single Kato-Katz before and after treatment. Adverse events were common (96%, mainly mild with no significant differences between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Cure rate from the 75 mg/kg PZQ dose was more efficacious than 40 mg/kg against O. viverrini but not against S. mekongi infections, while ERRs were similar for both doses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel in preschool-aged children in an area co-endemic for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium.

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Jean T Coulibaly

Full Text Available In sub-Saharan Africa the recommended strategy to control schistosomiasis is preventive chemotherapy. Emphasis is placed on school-aged children, but in high endemicity areas, preschool-aged children are also at risk, and hence might need treatment with praziquantel. Since a pediatric formulation (e.g., syrup is not available outside of Egypt, crushed praziquantel tablets are used, but the efficacy and safety of this treatment regimen is insufficiently studied.We assessed the efficacy and safety of crushed praziquantel tablets among preschool-aged children (<6 years in the Azaguié district, south Côte d'Ivoire, where Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium coexist. Using a cross-sectional design, children provided two stool and two urine samples before and 3 weeks after treatment. Crushed praziquantel tablets, mixed with water, were administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Adverse events were assessed and graded 4 and 24 hours posttreatment by interviewing mothers/guardians.Overall, 160 preschool-aged children had at least one stool and one urine sample examined with duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears and a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA cassette for S. mansoni, and urine filtration for S. haematobium diagnosis before and 3 weeks after praziquantel administration. According to the Kato-Katz and urine filtration results, we found high efficacy against S. mansoni (cure rate (CR, 88.6%; egg reduction rate (ERR, 96.7% and S. haematobium (CR, 88.9%; ERR, 98.0%. POC-CCA revealed considerably lower efficacy against S. mansoni (CR, 53.8%. Treatment was generally well tolerated, but moderately severe adverse events (i.e., body and face inflammation, were observed in four Schistosoma egg-negative children.Crushed praziquantel administered to preschool-aged children at a dose of 40 mg/kg is efficacious against S. mansoni and S. haematobium in a co-endemic setting of Côte d'Ivoire. Further research is required with highly sensitive

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People's Democratic Republic and Cambodia.

Science.gov (United States)

Vonghachack, Youthanavanh; Sayasone, Somphou; Khieu, Virak; Bergquist, Robert; van Dam, Govert J; Hoekstra, Pytsje T; Corstjens, Paul L A M; Nickel, Beatrice; Marti, Hanspeter; Utzinger, Jürg; Muth, Sinuon; Odermatt, Peter

2017-08-10

Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and two provinces in Cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible. However, sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved. We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S. mekongi-endemic areas. The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination, antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests. Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens (CCA, CAA) in urine and serum were utilized. Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S. mekongi of 6.4% (one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR), while that of Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp. were 50.4%, 28.1%, 3.5%, 0.3% and 1.9%, respectively. In the urine samples, the tests for CCA and CAA detected S. mekongi infections in 21.0% and 38.7% of the study participants, respectively. In the serum samples, the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%, while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%. There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR. The CCA, CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S. mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears. Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously. Hence, sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission

An Update on Plant Derived Anti-Androgens

Science.gov (United States)

Grant, Paul; Ramasamy, Shamin

2012-01-01

Anti-androgens are an assorted group of drugs and compounds that reduce the levels or activity of androgen hormones within the human body. Disease states in which this is relevant include polycystic ovarian syndrome, hirsutism, acne, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and endocrine related cancers such as carcinoma of the prostate. We provide an overview and discussion of the use of anti-androgen medications in clinical practice and explore the increasing recognition of the benefits of plant-derived anti-androgens, for example, spearmint tea in the management of PCOS, for which some evidence about efficacy is beginning to emerge. Other agents covered include red reishi, which has been shown to reduce levels 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that facilitates conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT); licorice, which has phytoestrogen effects and reduces testosterone levels; Chinese peony, which promotes the aromatization of testosterone into estrogen; green tea, which contains epigallocatechins and also inhibits 5-alpha reductase, thereby reducing the conversion of normal testosterone into the more potent DHT; black cohosh, which has been shown to kill both androgenresponsive and non-responsive human prostate cancer cells; chaste tree, which has a reduces prolactin from the anterior pituitary; and saw palmetto extract, which is used as an anti-androgen although it shown no difference in comparison to placebo in clinical trials. PMID:23843810

The RED extinction model. Pt. 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulda, J.

1991-01-01

Bragg diffraction in nearly perfect crystals is treated within the framework of the random elastic deformation (RED) model. Similar to the previous applications it is again assumed that each individual reflection event takes place within an elastically deformed domain and hence may be described by either an exact or a quasiclassical solution to the Takagi-Taupin equations. But because of the high degree of perfection and/or small thickness of the crystal the interaction is confined to one single domain so that the total reflected intensity is obtained just by summing up the contributions from the whole ensemble of domains characterized by different values of the deformation gradient and thickness. The present approach profoundly differs from Kato's statistical dynamical theory which starts with the averaging procedure within the Takagi-Taupin equations before solving them. (orig.)

Subroutine library for error estimation of matrix computation (Ver. 1.0)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichihara, Kiyoshi; Shizawa, Yoshihisa; Kishida, Norio

1999-03-01

'Subroutine Library for Error Estimation of Matrix Computation' is a subroutine library which aids the users in obtaining the error ranges of the linear system's solutions or the Hermitian matrices' eigenvalues. This library contains routines for both sequential computers and parallel computers. The subroutines for linear system error estimation calculate norms of residual vectors, matrices's condition numbers, error bounds of solutions and so on. The subroutines for error estimation of Hermitian matrix eigenvalues derive the error ranges of the eigenvalues according to the Korn-Kato's formula. The test matrix generators supply the matrices appeared in the mathematical research, the ones randomly generated and the ones appeared in the application programs. This user's manual contains a brief mathematical background of error analysis on linear algebra and usage of the subroutines. (author)

High energy hadron-nucleus collision

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takagi, Fujio

1983-02-01

This is a lecture note concerning high energy hadron-nucleus collision. The lecture gives the inelastic total cross section and the Glanber approximate multiple scattering formula at first. The mechanism of nuclear spallation is described in a cylindrical image. The multiplicity, the one particle distribution and the time-space structure of particle production are discussed. Various models are presented. The attenuation of forward particles and the structure of hadrons are discussed for each model. The atomic number (A) dependence of the production of large transverse momentum particles and jet, and the A dependence of charged multiplicity are presented. The backward production of particles and many body correlation are discussed. Lepton pair production and the initial interaction of constituents, collective interaction, multi quark state and phase transition are described. (Kato, T.)

Complexity of a kind of interval continuous self-map of finite type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Lidong; Chu Zhenyan; Liao Gongfu

2011-01-01

Highlights: → We find the Hausdorff dimension for an interval continuous self-map f of finite type is s element of (0,1) on a non-wandering set. → f| Ω(f) has positive topological entropy. → f| Ω(f) is chaotic such as Devaney chaos, Kato chaos, two point distributional chaos and so on. - Abstract: An interval map is called finitely typal, if the restriction of the map to non-wandering set is topologically conjugate with a subshift of finite type. In this paper, we prove that there exists an interval continuous self-map of finite type such that the Hausdorff dimension is an arbitrary number in the interval (0, 1), discuss various chaotic properties of the map and the relations between chaotic set and the set of recurrent points.

Complexity of a kind of interval continuous self-map of finite type

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Lidong, E-mail: wld@dlnu.edu.cn [Institute of Mathematics, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600 (China); Institute of Mathematics, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000 (China); Chu Zhenyan, E-mail: chuzhenyan8@163.com [Institute of Mathematics, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian 116600 (China) and Institute of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023 (China); Liao Gongfu, E-mail: liaogf@email.jlu.edu.cn [Institute of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130023 (China)

2011-10-15

Highlights: > We find the Hausdorff dimension for an interval continuous self-map f of finite type is s element of (0,1) on a non-wandering set. > f|{sub {Omega}(f)} has positive topological entropy. > f|{sub {Omega}(f)} is chaotic such as Devaney chaos, Kato chaos, two point distributional chaos and so on. - Abstract: An interval map is called finitely typal, if the restriction of the map to non-wandering set is topologically conjugate with a subshift of finite type. In this paper, we prove that there exists an interval continuous self-map of finite type such that the Hausdorff dimension is an arbitrary number in the interval (0, 1), discuss various chaotic properties of the map and the relations between chaotic set and the set of recurrent points.

Observation of cosmic gamma ray burst by Hinotori

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okudaira, Kiyoaki; Yoshimori, Masato; Hirashima, Yo; Kondo, Ichiro.

1982-01-01

The solar gamma ray detecor (SGR) on Hinotori has no collimator, and the collimator of a hard X-ray monitor is not effective for gamma ray with energy more than 100 KeV. Accordingly, the detection system can detect cosmic gamma ray burst, and two bursts were observed. The first burst was detected on February 28, 1981, and the source of the burst was in the direction of 81 degree from Venus. The time profile and the spectrum were observed. In July 21, 1981, the second burst was detected. The time profile obtained with the SGR was compared with those of PVO (Pioneer Venus Orbiter) and LASL-ISEE. The time difference among the data of time profiles indicated that the source of the burst was not the sun. The spectrum was also measured. (Kato, T.)

Measurement of stopping power of light ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakamoto, Naoki

1981-01-01

The stopping power of light ions penetrating various materials has been measured. The data of proton stopping power and the mean ionization potentials are presented. The experiments were made by using the 6.75 MeV protons from a cyclotron and the protons in the energy range from 3 to 9 MeV from a tandem Van de Graaff. The windows with and without sample-foils were rotated in front of a semiconductor detector, and the measured energy loss and the thickness of the sample foils were used to estimate the energy loss at the mean energy of protons in the samples. The analyses were made by considering the inner shell correction, Z 1 3 correction and the Bloch correction. The mean ionization potentials were derived from the data. (Kato, T.)

Polarized neutron diffraction - a tool for testing extinction models: application to yttrium iron garnet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonnet, M.; Delapalme, A.; Becker, P.

1976-01-01

This paper shows that polarized neutron experiments, which do not depend on any scale factor, are very dependent on extinction and provide original tests for extinction models. Moon, Koehler, Cable and Child (1972) have formulated the problem and proposed a first-order solution applicable only when the extinction is small. In the first part, some analytical derivations of secondary extinction corrections are discussed, using the formalism of Becker and Coppens (1974). In the second part, the main principles governing polarized neutron diffraction are briefly reviewed, with a special discussion of extinction problems. The method is then applied to the case of yttrium iron garnet (YIG). This experiment shows the technique of polarized neutrons to be very powerful for testing extinction models and for deciding whether the crystal behaves dynamically or kinematically (following Kato's criterion). (Auth.)

Signatures of chromodynamics in hadron collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halzen, F.

1979-01-01

The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes the interaction of the parton constituents of hadrons (quarks and gluons) via eight colored photons (gluons) interacting with the quarks, and unlike the photons, with each other. The simple picture of Drell-Yan model has made surprising success. The marriage of the old fashion Drell-Yan parton model with QCD has not only made its phenomenological success in the study of lepton pair production, but has allowed to study quantitatively the gluon correction to the model. Information from beam dump and emulsion experiments on charm production is compared with the typical QCD diagram. The results indicate some possible non-perturbative contribution to the photon- and hadron-production of heavy quarks. The definite features of dilepton as well as large transverse momentum data are direct signature of gluons. (Kato, T.)

High power RF oscillator with Marx generators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murase, Hiroshi; Hayashi, Izumi

1980-01-01

A method to maintain RF oscillation by using many Marx generators was proposed and studied experimentally. Many charging circuits were connected to an oscillator circuit, and successive pulsed charging was made. This successive charging amplified and maintained the RF oscillation. The use of vacuum gaps and high power silicon diodes improved the characteristics of RF current cut-off of the circuit. The efficiency of the pulsed charging from Marx generators to a condenser was theoretically investigated. The theoretical result showed the maximum efficiency of 0.98. The practical efficiency obtained by using a proposed circuit with a high power oscillator was in the range 0.50 to 0.56. The obtained effective output power of the RF pulses was 11 MW. The maximum holding time of the RF pulses was about 21 microsecond. (Kato, T.)

A case series of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis and a review of the literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nakamura Y

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Yukio Nakamura,1,2 Mikio Kamimura,3 Shota Ikegami,1 Keijiro Mukaiyama,4 Masatoshi Komatsu,1 Shigeharu Uchiyama,1 Hiroyuki Kato11Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane, 3Center of Osteoporosis and Spinal Disorders, Kamimura Clinic, Matsumoto, 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Azumi General Hospital, Azumino, JapanAbstract: The syndrome of pregnancy- and lactation-associated osteoporosis is a rare disorder whose precise etiology and treatment are largely unknown. We herein report two such cases occurring in the early postpartum period that led to multiple fragility compression fractures. Combination therapy of vitamin D and vitamin K enabled a marked gradual increase in bone mineral density.Keywords: fracture, vitamin D, vitamin K, bone mineral density

Radioactivity measurement of tsunami sediments due to the Great East Japan Earthquake in Miyagi prefecture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, Chihiro; Joe, Seongjin

2014-01-01

The tsunami sediments and their directly under soils from 25 tsunami flooded areas in Miyagi prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake were analyzed quantitatively for radiocesium ( 134 Cs and 137 Cs) concentrations. It was found that the radiocesium released in the reactor accidents of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant stayed for at least 6 months in the tsunami sediments layer of a few centimeter thickness. On the other hand, from the results of the radiocesium extraction test using the tsunami sediments and 3 kinds of inorganic solvents, it was also found that the radiocesium in the tsunami sediments passed ca. 6 months after fall was hardly eluted with rain water (pH 5.6 ∼ 7.0) and combined strongly with clay minerals in the tsunami sediments. (K. Kato)

Text book of dose calculation for operators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoyagi, Haruki; Gonda, Kozo

1979-07-01

This is a text book of dose calculation for the operators of the reprocessing factory of Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation. The radiations considered are beta-ray and gamma-ray. The method used is a point attenuation nuclear integral method. Radiation sources are considered as the assemblies of point sources. Dose from each point source is calculated, then, total dose is obtained by the integration for all sources. Attenuation is calculated by considering the attenuation owing to distance and the absorption by absorbers. The build-up factor is introduced for the correction for scattered gamma-ray. The build-up factor is given in a table for various scatterers. The operators are able to calculate dose by themselves. The results of integral calculation expressed with formulas are given in graphs. (Kato, T.)

Cancer Cell Cytotoxicities of 1-(4-Substitutedbenzoyl-4-(4-chlorobenzhydrylpiperazine Derivatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mine Yarim

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A series of novel 1-(4-substitutedbenzoyl-4-(4-chlorobenzhydrylpiperazine derivatives 5a–g was designed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1-(4-chlorobenzhydrylpiperazine with various benzoyl chlorides and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was demonstrated on cancer cell lines from liver (HUH7, FOCUS, MAHLAVU, HEPG2, HEP3B, breast (MCF7, BT20, T47D, CAMA-1, colon (HCT-116, gastric (KATO-3 and endometrial (MFE-296 cancer cell lines. Time-dependent cytotoxicity analysis of compound 5a indicated the long-term in situ stability of this compound. All compounds showed significant cell growth inhibitory activity on the selected cancer cell lines.

Negotiating the rules of chaste behaviour : re-interpretations of the symbolic complex of virginity by young women of Moroccan descent in The Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Buitelaar, M.W.

This article investigates what narrations on the symbolic complex of virginity in the life-stories of second-generation women of Moroccan descent in The Netherlands can tell us about the ways these women construct, maintain and combine their various social identifications. It is demonstrated that

Liposomes containing alkylated methotrexate analogues for phospholipase A(2) mediated tumor targeted drug delivery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kaasgaard, Thomas; Andresen, Thomas Lars; Jensen, Simon Skøde

2009-01-01

of alkylated compounds in liposomes, it was demonstrated that the MTX-analogue partitioned into the water phase and thereby became available for cell uptake. It was concluded that liposomes containing alkylated MTX-analogues show promise as a drug delivery system, although the MTX-analogue needs to be more......Two lipophilic methotrexate analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against KATO III and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Both analogues contained a C-16-alkyl chain attached to the gamma-carboxylic acid and one of the analogues had an additional benzyl group attached...... cytotoxicity was incorporated into liposomes that were designed to be particularly Susceptible to a liposome degrading enzyme, secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)), which is found in high concentrations in tumors of several different cancer types. Liposome incorporation was investigated by differential...

Soil-transmitted helminths in pre-school-aged and school-aged children in an urban slum: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, distribution, and associated exposures.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Stephanie M; Worrell, Caitlin M; Wiegand, Ryan E; Odero, Kennedy O; Suchdev, Parminder S; Ruth, Laird J; Lopez, Gerard; Cosmas, Leonard; Neatherlin, John; Njenga, Sammy M; Montgomery, Joel M; Fox, LeAnne M

2014-11-01

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are controlled by regular mass drug administration. Current practice targets school-age children (SAC) preferentially over pre-school age children (PSAC) and treats large areas as having uniform prevalence. We assessed infection prevalence in SAC and PSAC and spatial infection heterogeneity, using a cross-sectional study in two slum villages in Kibera, Nairobi. Nairobi has low reported STH prevalence. The SAC and PSAC were randomly selected from the International Emerging Infections Program's surveillance platform. Data included residence location and three stools tested by Kato-Katz for STHs. Prevalences among 692 analyzable children were any STH: PSAC 40.5%, SAC 40.7%; Ascaris: PSAC 24.1%, SAC 22.7%; Trichuris: PSAC 24.0%, SAC 28.8%; hookworm slums should be assessed separately in STH mapping. © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

Intestinal helminths and protozoa in children in pre-schools in Kafue district, Zambia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Siwila, J.; Phiri, I. G. K.; Enemark, Heidi L.

2010-01-01

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most widespread of human infections in developing countries, and children are the most vulnerable. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia, as well as prevalence and intensity of intestinal...... helminths in children attending pre-school or day-care centres in Kafue District, Zambia. Single stool samples were collected from 403 children from 10 pre-schools and Were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears to identify and quantify helminths. A commercial immunofluorescence kit was used...... to identify Cryptosporidium- and Giardia-positive samples. The overall prevalence of helminth infection was 17.9%. Ascaris lumbricoides was found in 12.0%, hookworm in 8.3%, Taenia spp. in 0.9%, Hymenolepis nano in 0.6% and Schistosoma mansoni in 0.3%. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia...

Shrinking risk profiles after deworming of children in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, with special reference to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura.

Science.gov (United States)

Müller, Ivan; Gall, Stefanie; Beyleveld, Lindsey; Gerber, Markus; Pühse, Uwe; Du Randt, Rosa; Steinmann, Peter; Zondie, Leyli; Walter, Cheryl; Utzinger, Jürg

2017-11-27

Risk maps facilitate discussion among different stakeholders and provide a tool for spatial targeting of health interventions. We present maps documenting shrinking risk profiles after deworming with respect to soil-transmitted helminthiasis among schoolchildren from disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Children were examined for soil-transmitted helminth infections using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears in March 2015, October 2015 and May 2016, and subsequently treated with albendazole after each survey. The mean infection intensities for Ascaris lumbricoides were 9,554 eggs per gram of stool (EPG) in March 2015, 4,317 EPG in October 2015 and 1,684 EPG in March 2016. The corresponding figures for Trichuris trichiura were 664 EPG, 331 EPG and 87 EPG. Repeated deworming shrank the risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, but should be complemented by other public health measures.

Formation of toroidal pre-heat plasma without residual magnetic field for high-beta pinch experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Nagayasu; Tamaru, Ken; Nagata, Akiyoshi.

1979-01-01

Formation of toroidal pre-heat plasma was studied. The pre-heat plasma without residual magnetic field was made by chopping the current for pre-heat, A small toroidal-pinch system was used for the experiment. The magnetic field was measured with a magnetic probe. One turn loop was used for the measurement of the toroidal one-turn electric field. A pair of Rogoski coil was used for the measurement of plasma current. The dependence of residual magnetic field on chopping time was measured. By fast chopping of the primary current in the pre-heating circuit, the poloidal magnetic field was reduced to several percent within 5 microsecond. After chopping, no instability was observed in the principal discharge plasma produced within several microsecond. As the conclusion, it can be said that the control of residual field can be made by current chopping. (Kato, T.)

Flare observation by the satellite 'Hinotori'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, Toshio

1981-01-01

The satellite ''Hinotori'' makes 5 rounds a day and is doing flare observation. The total observation days amounted to 94 days. Among the observed flares, the quiet mode flares were picked up from the reproduced data. The plot of the time variation of flares was obtained for four energy bands, HXM-1 (17 to 40 keV), HXM2 - 7 (over 40 keV), FLM-L (1 to 5 keV) and FLM-H (5 to 12 keV). At present, the judge of flares is made by using hard X-ray of the HXM-1 plot. False signals were completely removed. A large percentage of big flares was collected by Hinotori, eleven X-class flares were recorded. The operation status of ''Hinotori'' has been in good condition. The spin frequency has increased with a constant rate. (Kato, T.)

Spin Hall Effect in Doped Semiconductor Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Tse, Wang-Kong; Das Sarma, Sankar

2006-03-01

We present a microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect based on the diagrammatic perturbation theory. Side-jump (SJ) and skew-scattering (SS) contributions are explicitly taken into account to calculate the spin Hall conductivity, and we show their effects scale as σxy^SJ/σxy^SS ˜(/τ)/ɛF, where τ being the transport relaxation time. Motivated by recent experimental work we apply our theory to n-doped and p-doped 3D and 2D GaAs structures, obtaining analytical formulas for the SJ and SS contributions. Moreover, the ratio of the spin Hall conductivity to longitudinal conductivity is found as σs/σc˜10-3-10-4, in reasonable agreement with the recent experimental results of Kato et al. [Science 306, 1910 (2004)] in n-doped 3D GaAs system.

Generation of toroidal pre-heat plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Nagayasu; Tamaru, Ken; Nagata, Akiyoshi.

1979-01-01

The characteristics of toroidal plasma in the initial stage of electric discharge were investigated. A small toroidal-pinch system was used for the present work. A magnetic probe was used to measure the magnetic field. The time of beginning of discharge was determined by observing the variation of the magnetic field. The initial gas pressure dependence of the induced electric field regions, in which electric discharge can be caused, was studied. It is necessary to increase the initial induced electric field for starting discharge. The delay time of large current discharge was measured, and it was about 2 microsecond. Dependences of the electric fields at the beginning of discharge on the charging voltage of capacitors, on the initial gas pressure, and on the discharge frequency were studied. The formation mechanism of plasma column was analyzed. (Kato, T.)

Near infrared multicolor photometry of late type stars with the balloon borne astronomical telescope BAT-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kodaira, Keiichi; Tanaka, Wataru; Nakada, Yoshikazu; Watanabe, Tetsuya; Onaka, Takashi

1979-01-01

A new star follower has been developed for observing the near infrared emission of late type stars. The sensor of the follower consists of a semicircular rotating sector and a photomultiplier. The practical accuracy of the angle of tracing was about 1 minute. A photometer was installed at the focus point of the main telescope. The infrared photometer consists of a filter turret, a chopper, an infrared detector and a synchronous amplifier. Five flights of balloons were made since September 13, 1974. The height of the flights was about 25 km. The type of observed spectra ranges from A0 to M6. The results of analysis was compared with the atmospheric model by Tsuji. The physical parameters, such as effective temperature, logarithm of surface gravity and velocity of turbulent flow, of late type stars (K5 - M6) were determined. (Kato, T.)

Gross theory of beta-decay and half-lives of short-lived nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Masami; Kondo, Norikatsu.

1976-01-01

The gross theory of beta-decay has been developed, and this theory offers the means of calculating directly the function of beta-decay intensity, then half-lives, complex beta spectra and so on are estimated from it. This paper presents the more refined theory by introducing the shell effect. The shell effect is considered in the intensity function. The half-lives in the electron decay of In with spin of 9/2 + , the positron decay of Bi, Po, At and Rn, and the decay of odd-odd nuclei were estimated. The introduction of the shell effect shows better agreement between the theory and the experimental data. The inequality relations of intensity functions and half-lives of two adjacent nuclei were obtained. When the spins and parities of two nuclei are same, the inequality relations hold especially good. (Kato, T.)

Structure of ion-implanted ceramics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naramoto, Hiroshi

1983-01-01

The variation of structure of LiF, MgO, Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 accompanying annealing after ion implantation is explained. The analysis of structure is usually made by the perturbed gamma ray angular correlation, the internal electron Moessbauer method, or the ion scattering method. The results of analyses are discussed for alkali ion implantation, Fe-ion implantation, In-ion implantation, Au-ion implantation, Pt-ion implantation, Pb-ion implantation and transition metal ion implantation. The coupling of the implanted elements with lattice defects and matrix elements, and the compatibility between deposited elements and matrix crystal lattice were studied. The variation of physical properties due to ion implantation such as phase transition, volume change, the control of single crystal region, and the variation of hardness near surface were investigated, and the examples are presented. (Kato, T.)

A dynamic model of liquid containers (tanks) with legs and probability analysis of response to simulated earthquake

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujita, Takafumi; Shimosaka, Haruo

1980-01-01

This paper is described on the results of analysis of the response of liquid containers (tanks) to earthquakes. Sine wave oscillation was applied experimentally to model tanks with legs. A model with one degree of freedom is good enough for the analysis. To investigate the reason of this fact, the response multiplication factor of tank displacement was analysed. The shapes of the model tanks were rectangular and cylindrical. Analyses were made by a potential theory. The experimental studies show that the characteristics of attenuation of oscillation was non-linear. The model analysis of this non-linear attenuation was also performed. Good agreement between the experimental and the analytical results was recognized. The probability analysis of the response to earthquake with simulated shock waves was performed, using the above mentioned model, and good agreement between the experiment and the analysis was obtained. (Kato, T.)

Report of investigation on the radiation leak of the atomic powered ship 'Mutsu'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1975-01-01

Radiation leak of the atomic powered ship Mutsu was investigated. The radiation leak from the reactor shield was caused at the time of the test run, and serious social and political problem was raised. The phenomena is the streaming of neutron and caused by the technical lack of designing. There were, however, many cause of this technical lack. The organization for construction of the ship Mutsu was politically incomplete, the system of the organization was changed frequently, and then it was very hard to call together qualified engineers. Check of the design and the mock-up test were incomplete, and improvements of design in the course of construction was not made. Responsibilities of the persons in charge were not clear. Contract concerning the shield was defective. This report proposes improvement on the above mentioned problem. (Kato, T.)

Science Hall of Atomic Energy in Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, Takeo

1979-01-01

The Science Hall of Atomic Energy was built as a subsidiary facility of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University. The purpose of this facility is to accept outside demands concerning the application of the research reactor. The building is a two story building, and has the floor area of 901.47 m 2 . There are an exhibition room, a library, and a big lecture room. In the exhibition room, models of the Kyoto University Research Reactor and the Kyoto University Critical Assembly are placed. Various pictures concerning the application of the reactor are on the wall. In the library, people from outside of the Institute can use various books on science. Books for boys and girls are also stocked and used for public use. At the lecture room, various kinds of meeting can be held. (Kato, T.)

Observation of gravity waves during the extreme tornado outbreak of 3 April 1974

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, R. J.; Phan, T.; Smith, R. E.

1978-01-01

A continuous wave-spectrum high-frequency radiowave Doppler sounder array was used to observe upper-atmospheric disturbances during an extreme tornado outbreak. The observations indicated that gravity waves with two harmonic wave periods were detected at the F-region ionospheric height. Using a group ray path computational technique, the observed gravity waves were traced in order to locate potential sources. The signals were apparently excited 1-3 hours before tornado touchdown. Reverse ray tracing indicated that the wave source was located at the aurora zone with a Kp index of 6 at the time of wave excitation. The summation of the 24-hour Kp index for the day was 36. The results agree with existing theories (Testud, 1970; Titheridge, 1971; Kato, 1976) for the excitation of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with geomagnetic activity in the aurora zone.

Hypericum perforatum with Vitex agnus-castus in menopausal symptoms: a randomized, controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

van Die, M Diana; Burger, Henry G; Bone, Kerry M; Cohen, Marc M; Teede, Helena J

2009-01-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of a phytotherapeutic intervention comprising a combination of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) and Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste tree/berry) in the management of menopausal symptoms. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was performed over 16 weeks in 100 eligible late-perimenopausal or postmenopausal women experiencing hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms. Herbal combination therapy or placebo tablets were administered twice daily. The primary endpoint was hot flush episodes. Secondary endpoints included Greene Climacteric Scale scores, Hamilton Depression Inventory scores, and Utian Quality of Life Scale scores. Ninety-three women completed the study. Data analysis on an intent-to-treat basis found no significant differences between the two groups for any of the endpoints. Analyses performed at interim data time points revealed no significant differences at week 4, 8, or 12 for daily weighted flushes or scores on the Greene Climacteric Scale or Hamilton Depression Inventory. However, significant improvements across the treatment phase were observed in both the placebo and active treatment groups for these endpoints. No significant change was found for either group on quality of life. The herbal combination of H. perforatum and V. agnus-castus was not found to be superior to placebo for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. The herbal combination was well tolerated with no significant adverse events noted in the short term. Robust findings from quality studies such as this are important for informing the community, healthcare providers, and regulatory authorities.

Economic Cost-Analysis of the Impact of Container Size on Transplanted Tree Value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lauren M. Garcia Chance

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The benefits and costs of varying container sizes have yet to be fully evaluated to determine which container size affords the most advantageous opportunity for consumers. To determine value of the tree following transplant, clonal replicates of Vitex agnus-castus L. [Chaste Tree], Acer rubrum L. var. drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt. Sarg. [Drummond Red Maple], and Taxodium distichum (L. Rich. [Baldcypress] were grown under common conditions in each of five container sizes 3.5, 11.7, 23.3, 97.8 or 175.0 L, respectively (#1, 3, 7, 25 or 45. In June 2013, six trees of each container size and species were transplanted to a sandy clay loam field in College Station, Texas. To determine the increase in value over a two-year post-transplant period, height and caliper measurements were taken at the end of nursery production and again at the end of the second growing season in the field, October 2014. Utilizing industry standards, initial costs of materials and labor were then compared with the size of trees after two years. Replacement cost analysis after two growing seasons indicated a greater increase in value for 11.7 and 23.3 L trees compared to losses in value for some 175.0 L trees. In comparison with trees from larger containers, trees from smaller size containers experienced shorter establishment times and increased growth rates, thus creating a quicker return on investment for trees transplanted from the smaller container sizes.

Prevalência de parasitoses intestinais entre crianças de 4-12 anos no Crato, Estado do Ceará: um problema recorrente de saúde pública - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v33i1.8539 Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among 4- to 12-year-old children in Crato, Ceará State - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v33i1.8539

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Nesse estudo, foi estimada a frequência de parasitoses intestinais em 383 crianças do bairro Pinto Madeira em Crato, Estado do Ceará. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de inquérito domiciliar e de exame coproparasitológico abrangendo residências com crianças de quatro a 12 anos, foram utilizados os métodos de Kato-Katzo e Faust. Foi identificada uma associação de parasitoses intestinais com saneamento, disponibilidade e manuseio da água, com prevalência de Ascaris lumbricoides dentre os helmintos e Entamoeba sp. dentre os protozoários. Os dados obtidos demonstraram ainda a que prevalência de helmintos e protozoários foi significativamente maior para as crianças do sexo masculino de 4-5 anos e feminino de 6-7, filhos de mães com menor escolaridade, residentes nos domicílios com piores condições de abastecimento d’água e menor condições de higiene corporal e saneamento básico. Estes resultados sugerem que investimentos em infraestrutura básica e a adoção de políticas voltadas para melhorar a educação familiar poderiam contribuir significativamente na redução da prevalência das parasitoses intestinais em crianças.In this study, we estimated the frequency of intestinal parasites in 383 children in the Pinto Madeira neighborhood of Crato-Ceará State. A survey was conducted covering households with 4- to 12-year-old children, including interviews and coprological surveys using the Kato-Katz and Faust methods. An association was identified between intestinal parasitosis and sanitation, forms of use and availability of water. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba sp was demonstrated. The data also showed that the prevalence of helminths and protozoa was significantly higher for 4- to 5-year-old boys and 6- to 7-year-old girls, children of mothers with less education, living in households with poor conditions of water supply, hygiene and sanitation. These results suggest that investments in sanitary

Prevalência de parasitoses intestinais entre crianças de 4-12 anos no Crato, Estado do Ceará: um problema recorrente de saúde pública = Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among 4- to 12-year-old children in Crato, Ceará State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Izabel Alencar Barros Vasconcelos

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Nesse estudo, foi estimada a frequência de parasitoses intestinais em 383 crianças do bairro Pinto Madeira em Crato, Estado do Ceará. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de inquérito domiciliar e de exame coproparasitológico abrangendo residências com crianças de quatro a 12anos, foram utilizados os métodos de Kato-Katzo e Faust. Foi identificada uma associação de parasitoses intestinais com saneamento, disponibilidade e manuseio da água, com prevalência de Ascaris lumbricoides dentre os helmintos e Entamoeba sp. dentre os protozoários. Os dados obtidos demonstraram ainda a que prevalência de helmintos e protozoários foi significativamente maior para as crianças do sexo masculino de 4-5 anos e feminino de 6-7, filhos de mães com menor escolaridade, residentes nos domicílios com piores condições de abastecimento d’água e menor condições de higiene corporal e saneamento básico. Estes resultados sugerem que investimentos em infraestrutura básica e a adoção de políticas voltadas para melhorar a educação familiar poderiam contribuir significativamente na redução da prevalência das parasitoses intestinais em crianças.In this study, we estimated the frequency of intestinal parasites in 383 children in the Pinto Madeira neighborhood of Crato-Ceará State. A survey was conducted covering households with 4- to 12-year-old children, including interviews and coprological surveys using the Kato-Katz and Faust methods. An association was identified between intestinal parasitosis and sanitation, forms of use and availability of water. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba sp was demonstrated. The data also showed that the prevalence of helminths and protozoa was significantly higher for 4- to 5-year-old boys and6- to 7-year-old girls, children of mothers with less education, living in households with poor conditions of water supply, hygiene and sanitation. These results suggest that investments in sanitary

Hubungan Perilaku Anak Sekolah Dasar dengan Kejadian Schistosomiasis di Kecamatan Lindu Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Octaviani Octaviani

2017-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Schistosomiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan infeksi cacing Schistosoma japonicum, S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. mekongi, dan S. intercalatum. Penyakit ini ditularkan melalui air tercemar cercaria ke hospes. Di Indonesia, schistosomiasis disebabkan oleh  S. japonicum ditemukan endemis di dataran tinggi Lindu, dataran tinggi Napu, dan dataran tinggi Bada. Penyakit schistosomiasis bisa menyerang semua orang termasuk anak-anak. Apabila tidak diberikan pengobatan bisa menjadi kronis. Anak yang terinfeksi akan mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan, gangguan kognitif, bahkan dapat menimbulkan kematian. Secara epidemiologi penularan schistosomiasis tidak terpisahkan dari faktor perilaku atau kebiasaan manusia. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan perilaku anak sekolah dasar dengan kejadian schistosomiasis. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Lindu Kabupaten Sigi Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, selama 8 bulan mulai bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2014. Penelitian observasional ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel tinja dan wawancara pada anak sekolah. Sampel tinja diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode Kato-Katz. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara kebiasaan mandi, kebiasaan buang air besar, kebiasaan ke daerah fokus dan kebiasaan penggunaan sepatu boot dengan kejadian schistosomiasis. Kata kunci: schistosomiasis, perilaku, anak sekolah dasar ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum, S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. mekongi, and S. intercalatum. It is transmitted to definitive host through cercaria contaminated water. In Indonesia, schistosomiasis was caused by S. japonicum which can be found in endemic areas at Lindu, Napu, and Bada highland. Schistosomiasis can infect all people regardless their age. If untreated, it leads to a chronic condition. Children who are infected will have a growth and cognitive

Razlike med spoloma pri nekaterih simptomih stresa ter intenzivnost doživljanja stresnih simptomov = Gender Differences in Some Stress Symptoms and Intensity of Experiencing Stress Symptoms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maja Meško

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to identify the symptoms of stress and to establishgender differences in stress symptoms. We tried to find out ifthere are gender differences in the stress level at work, if there aregender differences in terms of stress symptoms frequency, and if thereare gender differences in terms of the intensity of experiencing stresssymptoms. In this study 85 randomly selected managers from Slovenecompanies participated. The results of the study have shown that thereare gender differences in terms of all the above mentioned factors,namely a statistically higher level of stress in women. In terms of stresssymptoms occurrence there are gender differences in some stress symptomsas well as in the intensity of experiencing stress symptoms.

Density and starting-energy dependent effective interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaguchi, Norio; Nagata, Sinobu; Kasuga, Teruo

1979-01-01

A new effective potential constructed from the reaction matrix calculation of nuclear matters is proposed, taking three-body effects into account. Starting from the two-body scattering equation for nuclear matters, an equation with averaged momentum is introduced as the definition of effective interaction. The parameters in the equation are the Fermi momentum and the starting energy. The nuclear density dependence and the starting energy dependence are independently treated in the potential. The effective interactions including three-body effects were calculated. The dependence on the starting energy is large. The effective interaction is more attractive in the triplet E state, and assures overall saturation without any artificial renormalization. The reaction matrix calculation can be well reproduced by the calculation with this effective potential. The results of calculation for the binding energy of He-4 and O-16 and the shell model matrix elements of O-16 are represented. (Kato, T.)

Optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules determined by the dipole ( γ,γ) method

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Long-Quan; Liu, Ya-Wei; Xu, Xin; Ni, Dong-Dong; Yang, Ke; Zhu, Lin-Fan

2017-07-01

The dipole (γ,γ) method, which is the inelastic X-ray scattering operated at a negligibly small momentum transfer, has been developed to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules. This new method is free from the line saturation effect, and its Bethe-Born conversion factor varies much more slowly with the excitation energy than that of the dipole (e, e) method. Thus the dipole (γ,γ) method provides a reliable approach to obtain the benchmark optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations for gaseous atoms and molecules. In this paper, we give a review of the dipole (γ,γ) method and some recent measurements of absolute optical oscillator strengths of gaseous atoms and molecules. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications", edited by Gordon W.F. Drake, Jung-Sik Yoon, Daiji Kato, Grzegorz Karwasz.

Physics of projectile fragments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minamisono, Tadanori

1982-01-01

This is a study report on the polarization phenomena of the projectile fragments produced by heavy ion reactions, and the beta decay of fragments. The experimental project by using heavy ions with the energy from 50 MeV/amu to 250 MeV/amu was designed. Construction of an angle-dispersion spectrograph for projectile fragments was proposed. This is a two-stage spectrograph. The first stage is a QQDQQ type separator, and the second stage is QDQD type. Estimation shows that Co-66 may be separated from the nuclei with mass of 65 and 67. The orientation of fragments can be measured by detecting beta-ray. The apparatus consists of a uniform field magnet, an energy absorber, a stopper, a RF coil and a beta-ray hodoscope. This system can be used for not only this purpose but also for the measurement of hyperfine structure. (Kato, T.)

[Developing the Japanese version of the Adult Attachment Style Scale (ECR)].

Science.gov (United States)

Nakao, Tatsuma; Kato, Kazuo

2004-06-01

This study attempted to adapt into Japanese the Adult Attachment Style Scale (ECR: Experiences in Close Relationships inventory) that was constructed by Brennan, Clark, and Shaver (1998), based on 14 existing scales. Of 387 respondents, 231 who reported having been or are currently involved in romantic relationships were employed for final analysis. We examined validities of the Japanese version of ECR in the two ways: (1) Examining the correlations between "Anxiety" and Self-esteem scale by Rosenberg (1965) which were theoretically related to Self-view, and the correlations between "Avoidance" and Other-view scale by Kato (1999b) which were theoretically related to Other-view; (2) whether or not ECR represents the features of four attachment styles as classified by Relationship Questionnaire (RQ; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). The results supported our expectations. This Japanese version of ECR was demonstrated to have adequate psychometric properties in validity and reliability.

Differential elastic electron scattering cross sections for CCl4 by 1.5-100 eV energy electron impact

Science.gov (United States)

Limão-Vieira, P.; Horie, M.; Kato, H.; Hoshino, M.; Blanco, F.; García, G.; Buckman, S. J.; Tanaka, H.

2011-12-01

We report absolute elastic differential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections for electron interactions with CCl4. The incident electron energy range is 1.5-100 eV, and the scattered electron angular range for the differential measurements varies from 15°-130°. The absolute scale of the differential cross section was set using the relative flow technique with helium as the reference species. Comparison with previous total cross sections shows good agreement. Atomic-like behaviour in this scattering system is shown here for the first time, and is further investigated by comparing the CCl4 elastic cross sections to recent results on the halomethanes and atomic chlorine at higher impact energies [H. Kato, T. Asahina, H. Masui, M. Hoshino, H. Tanaka, H. Cho, O. Ingólfsson, F. Blanco, G. Garcia, S. J. Buckman, and M. J. Brunger, J. Chem. Phys. 132, 074309 (2010)], 10.1063/1.3319761.

Intestinal schistosomiasis among preschool children along the shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nalugwa, A.; Olsen, Annette; Tukahebwa, M. E.

2015-01-01

Schistosomiasis, a disease caused by Schistosoma trematode parasites, affects hundreds of millions of people and accounts for more than 40% of the global health burden due to neglected tropical diseases. In Uganda, intestinal schistosomiasis is endemic in 73 out of 112 districts and about 55......% of the population of 36 million individuals are at risk. There is scanty information on the status and burden of schistosomiasis in preschool children less than six years of age in Uganda. This study aimed to assess the status of Schistosoma mansoni infections in children aged 1-5 years in Uganda. S. mansoni...... prevalence and intensity of infection were examined in 3058 children from 5 districts along Lake Victoria shoreline, eastern Uganda. For each child one stool sample was collected on three consecutive days. The Kato-Katz technique was used to prepare stool smears on slides for microscopic examination. Short...

An estimation of the structure function xF3 in neutrino-proton scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aoki, Kenzaburo; Arimoto, Shinsuke; Hoshino, Shigetoshi; Itoh, Nobuhisa; Konno, Toshiharu.

1981-01-01

The structure function xF 3 (x, Q 2 ) in the deep-inelastic neutrino-proton scattering was estimated without differentiating with respect to Q 2 in the evolution function. At first, the moment of the non-singlet structure function xF 3 (x, Q 2 ) is defined. Then, the kernel function f(z, Q 2 ) is presented. Finally, the expression for the structure function xF 3 is given. The values of the structure function for various Q 2 are shown in five figures. A peak is seen in each figure, and the highest peak is at about Q 2 = 14GeV 2 . The analysis suggests very small value of xF 3 in small Q 2 region. The kernel function f(x/y, Q 2 ) may be interpreted as the probability of finding a quark of momentum fraction x arising from that of y is quantum chromodynamics. (Kato, T.)

Atomic mass prediction from the mass formula with empirical shell terms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uno, Masahiro; Yamada, Masami

1982-08-01

The mass-excess prediction of about 8000 nuclides was calculated from two types of the atomic mass formulas with empirical shell terms of Uno and Yamada. The theoretical errors to accompany the calculated mass excess are also presented. These errors have been obtained by a new statistical method. The mass-excess prediction includes the term of the gross feature of a nuclear mass surface, the shell terms and a small correction term for odd-odd nuclei. Two functional forms for the shell terms were used. The first is the constant form, and the sencond is the linear form. In determining the values of shell parameters, only the data of even-even and odd-A nuclei were used. A new statistical method was applied, in which the error inherent to the mass formula was taken account. The obtained shell parameters and the values of mass excess are shown in tables. (Kato, T.)

Outline of UNSCEAR 2013 report (1). Radionuclide releases, dispersion and deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagai, Haruyasu; Kurihara, Osamu

2014-01-01

The general assembly of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) was held in May, 2013 and the influence of the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident on the environment and the human body, which has been analyzed and discussed by many specialists, was reported. The detailed contents of the influence were published in April, 2014 as the UNSCEAR 2013 Report (Vol. I: Report of the UNSCEAR to the General Assembly; Scientific Annex A: Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident after the 2011 great east-Japan earthquake and tsunami and Vol. II: Scientific Findings on Effects of Radiation Exposure of Children; Scientific Annex B: Effects of radiation exposure of children). In the present paper, the outlines of the Scientific Annex A and the chapter III (Radionuclide releases, dispersion and deposition) in it are described. (K. Kato)

Studies on the crossed flow type MHD turbines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hori, Toshihiro; Katsurai, Makoto

1981-01-01

The studies on crossed flow type MHD turbines were performed to improve its characteristics. Two-dimensional models were considered for the analytical studies. To compensate the edge effect of magnetic field, the magnetic field gradient by tapering was considered. An iron-core structure and an air-core structure were investigated. It was found that the ideal characteristics can be obtained when there is the tapered length more than one wave length. Various methods for the improvement of magnetic field were studied in the case of practical crossed flow type MHD turbines. The methods were the adjustment with an iron-core, and the adoption of a curved channel. It can be expected to obtain the internal efficiency of more than 70 percent, when the number of pole-pairs is more than 10 and the radius of curvature of a few times of rotor radius is given to a curved channel. (Kato, T.)

International Conference in Memory of Professor Kôsaku Yosida held at RIMS

CERN Document Server

1993-01-01

In these proceedings of the international conference held in Kyoto in memoryof the late Professor K saku Yosida, twenty six invited speakers display in their many facets of functional analysis and its applications in the research tradition of Yosida's school. Many of the topics are related tolinear and non-linear partial differential equations, including the Schr|dinger equations, the Navier-Stokes equations and quasilinear hyperbolic equations. Several of the papers are survey articles, the others are original (unpublished) and refereed research articles. Also included is a full listing of the publications of K. Yosida. Recommendedto students and research workers looking for a bird's-eye view of current research activity in functional analysis and its applications. FROM THE CONTENTS: K. Ito: Semigroups in probability theory.- T. Kato: Abstract evolution equations, linear and quasilinear, revisited.- J.L. Lions: Remarkson systems with incompletely given initial data and incompletely given part of the boundary...

Beta decay to the second 2+ excited state of 122Te

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, Takeo; Yamada, Shigeru

1976-01-01

The first-forbidden beta transition in Sb-122 was studied by the angular correlation experiment and the beta-spectra. The special precautions were paid for counting the beta particles having energy lower than 750 keV in the beta-gamma angular correlation measurement. The sources of Sb-122 were obtained by irradiating enriched Sb-121 in the Kyoto University reactor. The reduced beta coefficient R(E) was obtained from the angular correlation function. The beta spectrum measurement was performed with a sector type double focusing beta-ray spectrometer. The R(E) values for the beta transitions were analyzed by using the simplex method as used by Manthuruthil and Poirier to compare the angular correlation data with the exact formula given by Morita and Morita. Sets of the nuclear matrix parameters thus obtained show that the condition for the cancellation effect is satisfied in the beta transition. (Kato, T.)

Almost real photons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujii, H.

1977-01-01

High energy photon-proton scattering is expected to bring an important information on strong and electromagnetic interaction, and is discussed in this paper. When the ''mass'' of the photon is less than that of the lightest hadron, it is said ''the photon is almost real''. The photon energy is sufficiently high to check the energy dependence of the gamma-proton total cross section, even in the first stage of TRISTAN. The tagging system consists of four multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPC) and a lead glass Cerenkov counter. The energy of scattered electrons is determined with the Cerenkov counter. The equivalent-photon approximation is a useful method to obtain the counting rates. The estimation of the counting rate was made under the expected value of the total cross section. The estimated counting rate is strong enough for the experiment of the gamma-proton total cross section measurement. (Kato, T.)

Current status of human taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu; Yong, Tai-Soon; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Chai, Jong-Yil; Min, Duk-Young; Yun, Cheong-Ha; Rim, Han-Jong; Pongvongsa, Tiengkham; Banouvong, Virasack; Insisiengmay, Bounnaloth; Phommasack, Bounlay; Eom, Keeseon S

2013-04-01

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.

Development of the 'JFT-2' tokamak plasma position control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujisawa, Noboru; Matsuzaki, Yoshimi; Suzuki, Norio; Murai, Katsuji; Suzuki, Satoshi.

1980-01-01

Digital control technique was applied to control the plasma position in the JFT-2 tokamak experiment device. The detail of the JFT-2 is described elsewhere. The plasma position control system consists of a Hitachi control computer, HIDIC 80, and a Hitachi micro-computer, HIDIC 08E. The plasma position is detected by the position control computer, and compared with a preset value. Then, a reference signal is supplied to the micro-computer controlling power source, and the phase control of the thyristor controlling power source is performed. Since the behavior of plasma is very fast, the fast control is required. The control of the thyristor controlling power source is made by direct digital control (DDC). The main component of the hardware of the present system is the micro-computer HIDIC 08E. The software is the direct task system without the operating system (OS). The results of experiments showed that the feedback control of the system worked well. (Kato, T.)

Single-molecule imaging and manipulation of biomolecular machines and systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Iino, Ryota; Iida, Tatsuya; Nakamura, Akihiko; Saita, Ei-Ichiro; You, Huijuan; Sako, Yasushi

2018-02-01

Biological molecular machines support various activities and behaviors of cells, such as energy production, signal transduction, growth, differentiation, and migration. We provide an overview of single-molecule imaging methods involving both small and large probes used to monitor the dynamic motions of molecular machines in vitro (purified proteins) and in living cells, and single-molecule manipulation methods used to measure the forces, mechanical properties and responses of biomolecules. We also introduce several examples of single-molecule analysis, focusing primarily on motor proteins and signal transduction systems. Single-molecule analysis is a powerful approach to unveil the operational mechanisms both of individual molecular machines and of systems consisting of many molecular machines. Quantitative, high-resolution single-molecule analyses of biomolecular systems at the various hierarchies of life will help to answer our fundamental question: "What is life?" This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biophysical Exploration of Dynamical Ordering of Biomolecular Systems" edited by Dr. Koichi Kato. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Calibration of a D-T neutron generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, Tadayuki

1980-01-01

The energy and production rate of neutrons from a thick target are discussed. The production rate of D-T neutrons is estimated by counting alpha particles with a silicon detector. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate a correction factor from the energy of deuteron, the reaction cross section, the stopping power of target materials and others. The factor was calculated and is shown in a figure. The energy spectrum of emitted neutrons is also estimated, where the atomic ratio of T and Ti is taken as a parameter. The shape of the spectrum is determined by the reaction cross section, and is not dependent on the ratio T/Ti. The errors due to competitive reactions, such as D(d, n) and D(d, p), are negligible. It is necessary for mutual comparison to take care of the target thickness, the acceleration voltage of D beam, the alpha-detector position, and the gain fluctuation of electronic circuits. (Kato, T.)

Humidity measurement using alpha-ray and beta-ray

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumoto, Shigeaki; Kobayashi, Hisanobu

1981-01-01

Two new hygrometers using radioisotopes were proposed, and the results of tests are described. The one is a dew-point hygrometer utilizing the backscattering phenomena of beta-ray by dew, and the other is a hygrometer by measuring the variation of ionization current by alpha ray due to humidity. The backscattering of beta-ray depends on the atomic number of scatters and the energy of beta-ray. Therefore, the backscattering from dew on a gold plate is different from that from the gold itself. The temperature dependence of the backscattering intensity was measured with a GM counter. Decrease of the intensity was seen at the dew point. A control circuit was designed to measure the dew point automatically. The error of the measurement was within 1 degree C. An alpha-ray ionization hygrometer was constructed. The dependence of ionization current on humidity was measured with an operational amplifier. The resolution of humidity measurement was within 5 percent. (Kato, T.)

Outline of the relativistic electron beam (REB) generator at Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuzuki, Tetsuya

1979-01-01

The REB generators at the Institute of Plasma Physics are introduced. The generators Phoebus-2 and Phoebus-3 are main generators. The generators consist of a Marx generator (a condenser bank), a pulse forming line (PFL), a transmission line (TL) and a diode part. The rise time of current in the Marx generator must be short. The charge up time of the Phoebus-2 and the Phoebus-3 is less than 400 ns. The jitter is less than 10 ns. The dielectric material of the PFL is water, since the dielectric constant is large, and it makes self recovering. The inductance of gap at the edge of PFL should be small. The gap is useful for short rise time. The TL prevents the prepulse at the time of charging-up and works as an impedance transformer. The Phoebus-3 is connected to the torus system (SPAC-6) to make experiment on REB ring formation. (Kato, T.)

Observation of solar flare by Hinotori SXT/HXM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohki, Ken-ichiro; Takakura, Tatsuo; Tsuneta, Sukehisa; Nitta, Nariaki; Makishima, Kazuo.

1982-01-01

Solar flares were observed by SXT (hard X-ray two-dimensional observation system) and HXM (hard X-ray spectrometer) on Hinotori. The results of two-dimensional analysis of 20 flares are reported in this paper. Various images of hard X-ray were observed. Hard X-ray bursts with relatively long duration may be generated in corona. The hard X-ray flare generated on the solar disc gives information on the relative position to the H flare. The examples of this hard X-ray images are presented. The HXM can observe the hard X-ray spectra up to 350 keV. The flares with duration less than 5 min have the spectra coninciding with the thermal radiation from a single temperature before the peak, and power law type non-thermal radiation spectra after the peak. The hard X-ray flares with duration longer than 10 min have power law type spectra. (Kato, T.)

Permeability of hydrogen isotopes through Pd-Ag membrane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, Hiroshi

1981-01-01

This paper represents the permeabilities, diffusion coefficients and isotope effects for hydrogen and deuterium through Pd-25 wt.% Ag alloy tubes The feed gas H 2 or D 2 flowing into the permeation cell was preheated before it reached to the outer surface of the permeation tube made of palladium-silver alloy. Permeation time lag method could be successfully carried out with the present apparatus to measure both permeability and diffusion coefficient. The square-root pressure dependence for the permeation of hydrogen isotopes was observed. The observed systematic temperature dependence indicates that the approximation of the Arrhenius' relation was effective within this experimental conditions. Some tendency of permeation fluxes in relation to the reciprocal temperature, 1/T, was seen. The permeability ratio was larger than the square root of isotopic mass ratio, and it decreased with temperature rise. On the contrary, the diffusion coefficient ratio was much smaller than the square root of isotopic mass ratio. (Kato, T.)

Ablation acceleration of macroparticle in spiral magnetic fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikuta, Kazunari.

1981-05-01

The rocket motion of macroparticles heated by energetic pulses in a spiral magnetic field was studied. The purpose of the present work is to study the ablation acceleration of a macroparticle in a spiral magnetic field with the help of the law of conservation of angular momentum. The basic equation of motion of ablatively accelerated projectile in a spiral magnetic field was derived. Any rocket which is ejecting fully ionized plasma in an intense magnetic field with rotational transform is able to have spin by the law of conservation of momentum. The effect of spiral magnetic field on macroparticle acceleration is discussed. The necessary mass ratio increase exponentially with respect to the field parameter. The spiral field should be employed with care to have only to stabilize the position of macroparticles. As conclusion, it can be said that the ablation acceleration of the projectile in a spiral field can give the accelerated body spin quite easily. (Kato, T.)

Trial manufacture of an insulated amplifier

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okuno, Shigeo; Matsuura, Kiyokata.

1978-10-01

Trial manufacture of an insulated amplifier was carried out. The input signals are divided by filters Th and Tl into high frequency component and low frequency component. The high frequency component drives a transformer T 1 , and secondary signals are induced. The low frequency component drives a transformer T 2 through a buffer and a modulator. The secondary signals from both transformers are recombined to make the output signals. Compensation for the frequency characteristics of the high frequency transformer and that for the effect of a filter in the demodulation circuit for low frequency component are considered. The time constant of output signals for rectangular input signals was 30 microsec, when only the low frequency part is operated. The drift of the direct current level is within 5 mV. The characteristic features of the high frequency part was also investigated. The overall characteristic features of this amplifier were good for the frequency range of 0 to 500 kHz. (Kato, T.)

Measurement of the ion temperature in a diffuse theta pinch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudo, Koichi; Watanabe, Yukio; Ogi, Sukeomi; Sumikawa, Toshio; Akazaki, Masanori

1979-01-01

The Doppler broadening of helium ion spectra was observed, and the ion temperature of theta pinch plasma was obtained. The apparatus for the measurement consists of a spectroscope, a photomultiplier and an oscilloscope. The time variation of initial plasma density was obtained. The doppler broadening of the spectra was observed in case of the plasma density of 2 x 10 13 /cm 3 and 3 x 10 12 /cm 3 . The analyses of the spectra gave the ion temperature. The double temperature distribution was seen. The temperature of the low temperature part was 5 to 9 electron-volt, and that of the high temperature part several hundred electron-volt. The high temperature is caused by the thermalization of particles accelerated by the magnetic piston. The decay of high temperature ions is due to the charge exchange with the neutral particles. The time of the highest temperature corresponds to the time at which the luminescent layer reaches to the central axis. (Kato, T.)

Nuclear radiation detection with superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurakado, Masahiko

1984-01-01

Since the gap energy of superconductors is as small as 1 meV and 1/1000 of that of semiconductors, it is expected that the number of electron-hole pairs produced in superconductors by radiation is several thousands times as many as the pairs in semiconductors. Therefore, high sensitivity and high resolution radiation detectors may be manufactured by using superconductors. A computer simulation of the cascade excitation process of electrons was carried out. The experimental study was performed by using Sn junctions. The variation of transient voltage was measured by the constant current method. The alpha particles from Po-210 were measured, and the generation of quasi particles was confirmed. The relaxation time of signals was measured by using pulsed laser beam. It was found that the superconductors just after the incidence of radiation became nonequilibrium. The typical alpha spectra were obtained by cooling the superconductors to 0.32 K. The detector is still under development. The problem is leakage current. (Kato, T.)

Ion implantation into iron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwaki, Masaya

1978-01-01

The distribution of implanted ions in iron, the friction characteristics and the corrosion of iron were studied. The distribution of Ni or Cr ions implanted into mild steel was measured. The accelerated voltage was 150 keV, and the beam current density was about 2 microampere/cm 2 . The measurement was made with an ion microanalyzer. The measured distribution was compared with that of LSS theory. Deep invasion of Ni was seen in the measured distribution. The distribution of Cr ions was different from the distribution calculated by the LSS theory. The relative friction coefficient of mild steel varied according to the dose of implanted Cu or N ions, and to the accelerating voltage. Formation of compound metals on the surfaces of metals by ion-implantation was investigated for the purpose to prevent the corrosion of metals. The resistance of mild steel in which Ni ions were implanted was larger than that of mild steel without any treatment. (Kato, T.)

Study by polarized muon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamazaki, Toshimitsu

1977-01-01

Experiments by using polarized muon beam are reported. The experiments were performed at Berkeley, U.S.A., and at Vancouver, Canada. The muon spin rotation is a useful method for the study of the spin polarization of conductive electrons in paramagnetic Pd metal. The muon Larmor frequency and the relaxation time can be obtained by measuring the time distribution of decay electrons of muon-electron process. The anomalous depolarization of negative muon spin rotation in the transitional metal was seen. The circular polarization of the negative muon X-ray was measured to make clear this phenomena. The experimental results show that the anomalous depolarization is caused at the 1-S-1/2 state. For the purpose to obtain the strong polarization of negative muon, a method of artificial polarization is proposed, and the test experiments are in progress. The study of the hyperfine structure of mu-mesic atoms is proposed. The muon capture rate was studied systematically. (Kato, T.)

The genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi, identified in scrub typhus patients in northern Vietnam.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Hang L K; Pham, Hang T T; Nguyen, Tinh V; Hoang, Phuong Vm; Le, Mai T Q; Takemura, Taichiro; Hasebe, Futoshi; Hayasaka, Daisuke; Yamada, Akio; Hotta, Kozue

2017-03-01

There are an estimated one million patients with scrub typhus in the Asia-Pacific region. There are few reports describing the incidence of scrub typhus in Vietnam. Blood samples collected from 63 patients clinically diagnosed as having scrub typhus from July 2015 to September 2016 were subjected to genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Of these patients, 42 (67%) tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi, and the most common genotype was identified to be Karp (55%). Other genotypes, TA763, Gilliam type in Japan variant, and Kato were also found in 17%, 17% and 12% of patients, respectively. To better understand the epidemiological landscape of scrub typhus in Vietnam, a countrywide study is needed. LC110330-LC110333, LC110336-LC110351 and LC214804-LC214825. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Air family in Chacaltaya experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Semba, Hiroshi

1980-01-01

A clean event with a large multiplicity was detected in the CH 19 film exposed at Chacaltaya. Two jets produced in the producer were seen in this event '19 - 191'. Thirteen hadron components were observed. The height at which the event was produced was estimated to be about 320 m. A similar event '17 - 112' with a large multiplicity has been reported as an event in the CH 17 film. An event '17 - I153' with a large multiplicity was also seen in a producer jet. These three events have the mutually similar properties. The half-angle of the angular distribution was as large as 50 to 100 GeV. The values of the transverse momentum were large. These properties show that at the time of interaction, a very heavy intermediate product called UH quantum is produced, and decays thermally. A new method of analysis of air family is proposed. (Kato, T.)

Determining dislocation densities from the extinction effect (review)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, A.N.; Polyakov, A.M.; Skakov, Yu.A.

1987-01-01

Much attention is being given to dynamic x-ray scattering in crystals containing defects. As general diffraction theory for crystals with defects does not at present extend beyond formal expressions and there is no rigorous theory of diffraction by crystals containing dislocations, one describes extinction in a nonideal crystal via phenomenological theories. In this paper, the authors review the various methods of analyzing the dislocation structure from the integral intensities which are based on three extinction models: Darwin's extinction theory; mosaic-crystal scattering theory; and the transport equations method proposed by Stephan for Bragg geometry and Laue geometry. The most rigorous method in a theoretical respect of those covered in this review is based on Kato's extinction theory. The authors consider it necessary to devise a general theory of x-ray scattering for crystals with any type of long-range order in the displacement pattern, although this paper has dealt with some of the applications of quantum mechanics and statistical physics in describing diffraction

String model of elementary particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kikkawa, Keiji

1975-01-01

Recent development of the models of elementary particles is described. The principal features of elementary particle physics can be expressed by quark model, mass spectrum, the Regge behavior of scattering amplitude, and duality. Venezians showed in 1968 that the B function can express these features. From the analysis of mass spectrum, the string model was introduced. The quantization of the string is performed with the same procedure as the ordinary quantum mechanics. The motion of the string is determined by the Nambu-Goto action integral, and the Schroedinger equation is obtained. Mass spectrum from the string model was same as that from the duality model such as Veneziano model. The interaction between strings can be introduced, and the Lagrangian can be formulated. The relation between the string model and the duality model has been studied. The string model is the first theory of non-local field, and the further development is attractive. The relation between this model and the quark model is still not clear. (Kato, T.)

Arc discharge characteristics of molten salts used in an MHD generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korenaga, Sadayoshi; Mohri, Motoichi.

1981-01-01

The seed arc discharge phenomena in an MHD generator were studied. The behavior of arc was observed, which was generated by using K 2 CO 3 and K 2 SO 4 heated up to 1150 degree C as cathodes and a water-cooled copper as an anode. The generated arcs were classified into 3 types, such as free spot arc (point arc), line emission arc (line arc) and plane arc. The estimated temperature of arc foot was lower than the boiling point of seed material. The relation between arc voltage and arc length and that between arc voltage and arc current were measured. From these data, the potential gradient of arc was obtained. The gradients were same for almost all materials of cathode. The potential drop at cathodes depended remarkably on the kinds of molten salt, and also depended on the shapes of cathodes. The evaporation rate of cathode materials was larger when the cathode potential drop was larger and the arc current was larger. (Kato, T.)

Spheromak tilting and its stability control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, T.; Sato, T.

1983-01-01

Spheromak tilting instability was studied. A numerical technique to create a rather arbitrarily-shaped spheromak like the one with a flux hole was investigated. The dynamics governing the tilting instability, namely, the influence of the magnetic index, the toroidal current (q-profile) and the resistivity upon the tilting growth rate, and the roles of magnetc reconnection upon the nonlinear development were studied. The best way to control the tilting instability was invented. The stabilizing effects of the vertical wall, the isolated conducting cylindrical belt, and the horizontal wall were studied. Central pole stabilization was also investigated. The influence of the wall condition, namely, whether the wall acted as a flux conserver in the spheromak creation stage or not is discussed. The present study has shown that the three- dimensional simulation is indeed useful and practical in not only studying the underlying physics but also finding a stabilization technique of spheromaks. (Kato, T.)

VizieR Online Data Catalog: LMC PNe multiwavelength photometry (Reid, 2014)

Science.gov (United States)

Reid, W. A.

2017-07-01

Using the 2MASS 6x catalogue for the LMC (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246; 2012, Cat. VII/233), magnitudes were obtained for 274 PNe in J, 269 in H and 263 in Ks. To increase the number of detections available for comparison, magnitudes were also obtained from the InfraRed Survey Facility (IRSF) Magellanic Clouds Point Source Catalogue (Kato et al., 2007, Cat. II/288). The 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8um bands were obtained with the IRAC on board Spitzer. This study used the archival data from the Spitzer legacy programme SAGE (Meixner et al., 2006, Cat. J/AJ/132/2268) which mapped the central 7x7deg2 area of the LMC. The MIPS data were also obtained from both the Hora et al. (2008, Cat. J/AJ/135/726) and Gruendl & Chu (2009, Cat. J/ApJS/184/172) studies. (3 data files).

Present status of the linac TOF experiments at Hokkaido University

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akimoto, Tadashi

1982-01-01

The neutron spectrum measurement by TOF was designed. In this report, the experimental set-up and preliminary experiments are described. At first, the steady spectra in an assembly was analyzed by the SN method. The time-dependent spectra were also analyzed by the SN method. The target for neutron production was made of tungsten, and set in a spherical graphite assembly. There are an electron beam hole and a re-entrant hole in the graphite assembly. Collimators were set in the flight path, and Cd plates were set to remove thermal neutrons. The detectors were a Li-6 glass scintillator for keV neutrons and a NE-213 scintillator for MeV neutrons. The accuracy of measurement was estimated for energy and neutron intensity. The overall accuracy of 5 percent can be attained. The efficiency calibration of a fast neutron detector was made by using a Cf-252 source. The counting loss in the time-to-pulse-height converter (TPHC) was corrected. (Kato, T.)

Measurement and analysis of fast neutron spectra in reactor materials by time-of-flight method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayashi, Shuhei; Kimura, Itsuro; Kobayashi, Shohei; Yamamoto, Shuji; Nishihara, Hiroshi.

1982-01-01

The LINAC-TOF experiments have been done to measure the neutron energy spectra in the assemblies of reactor materials. The sample materials to be measured were iron, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, zirconium, thorium, lithium, and so on. The shapes of assemblies were piles (rectangular parallelopiped, sphere, and polyhedron) and slab. A photoneutron target was set at the center of the pile assemblies. Each assembly has an electron injection hole and a re-entrant hole. In case of a slab, a photo neutron target was placed at the outside of the slab. Neutrons were generated by using an electron linear accelerator (LINAC). The length of the flight path was 20 m. The neutron detectors were a Li-6 glass scintillator and a B-10 vaseline-NaI(Tl) scintillator. The spatial distributions of neutrons in the piles were measured by the foil activation method. The neutron transport calculation was performed, and the evaluation of group constants was made. (Kato, T.)

Application of ion scattering spectrometers for the observation of process of cleaning of surfaces of materials for vacuum vessel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akashi, Ken-ya; Miyahara, Akira; Sagara, Akio.

1978-01-01

The impurity gas emitted from the surfaces of vacuum vessels was investigated by using the shadowing effect of the covering atoms. The ion scattering spectrometer used for the experiment consists of an ion source, a test sample, an energy analyzer and an ion detector. The evacuation system comprises a turbomolecular pump, a Ti-sublimation pump and an ion pump. The achieved final gas pressure is 5 x 10 -10 Torr. The ion beam intensity to a sample is 10 micro ampere/cm 2 , and the ion energy is about 1 to 1.5 keV. The quantity of oxygen on the surface of a sample molybdenum was measured in the process of evacuation. The concentration of surface oxygen decreased with the gas pressure of the system. It was found that residual oxygen was observed after the sputter etching with Ar ion impact on the surface. The reason of this residual oxygen was considered. (Kato, T.)

Sediment and toxic contaminant transport modeling in coastal waters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onishi, Yasuo; Mayer, D.W.; Argo, R.S.

1982-01-01

Models are presented to estimate the migration of toxic contaminants in coastal waters. Ocean current is simulated by the vertically-averaged, finite element, two-demensional model known as CAFE-I with the Galerkin weighted residual technique. The refraction of locally generated waves or swells is simulated by the wave refraction model, LO3D. Using computed current, depth, and wave characteristics, the finite element model, FETRA, simulated sediment and contaminant transport in coastal waters, estuaries and rivers. Prior to the application of these models to the Irish Sea and other coastal waters, the finite element model, FETRA, was tested to demonstrate its ability to simulate sediment and contaminant interaction, and the mechanism governing the transport, deposition, and resuspension of contaminated sediment. Several simple equations such as the unsteady, advection-diffusion equation, the equation for noncohesive-sediment load due to wind-induced waves in offshore and surf zones, and the equation for sediment-radionuclide transport simulation were solved during the preliminary testing of the model. (Kato, T.)

Electronic bound states in parity-preserving QED3 applied to high-Tc cuprate superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Christiansen, H.R.; Cima, O.M. Del; Ferreira Junior, M.M.; Maranhao Univ., Sao Luis, MA; Helayel-Neto, J.A.; Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas

2001-08-01

We consider a parity-preserving QED 3 model with spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry as a framework for the evaluation of the electron-electron interaction potential underlying high-T e superconductivity. The fact that resulting potential, - C s K o (Mr), is non-confining and weak (in the sense of Kato) strongly suggests the mechanism of pair-condensation. This potential, compatible with an s-wave order parameters, is then applied to the Schrodinger equation for the sake of numerical calculations, thereby enforcing the existence of bound states. The results worked out by means of our theoretical framework are checked by considering a number of phenomenological data extracted from different copper oxide superconductors. The agreement may motivate a deeper analysis of our model viewing an application to quasi-planar cuprate superconductors. The data analyzed here suggest an energy scale of 1-10 meV for the breaking of the U(1)-symmetry. (author)

[Epidemiological study of intestinal helminthiasis in the island of Tortuga (Haiti). I. Prevalence of trichocephalosis, ascaridiasis and necatoriasis studied from elimination of eggs in the stools].

Science.gov (United States)

Raccurt, C; Vial, P; Pierre-Louis, J M

1977-01-01

An epidemiological survey is conducted by spot-checks over about 10% of the population of Tortuga Island in order to estimate the prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis in that region of the Republic of Haïti, by researching the presence of eggs in faeces. Population sample is representative of the whole of the island's population excepting the 0-4 years old group whose faeces are difficult to obtain. Faeces are examined through the Kato method, a very simple, quick and remarkably accurate procedure. Trichuriasis and ascariasis, which are transmitted in the area around the house, affect mainly children, but also adults. Women seem to be more often infested than men by Ascaris lumbricoides. Necatoriasis, the farmer's disease, hits primarily young men and elderly women who spend most time in the fields. It is observed in inland villages where people are engaged in agricultural production, with a higher incidence if they are located in a not so sloping zone.

Materials study for reacting plasma machine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamada, Kohji; Hamada, Yasuji

1982-01-01

A new reacting plasma machine is designed, and will be constructed at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Nagoya University. It is important to avoid the activation of the materials for the machine, accordingly, aluminum alloy has been considered as the material since the induced activity of aluminum due to 14 MeV neutrons is small. The vacuum chamber of the new machine consists of four modules, and the remote control of each module is considered. However, the cost of the remote control of modules is expensive. To minimize the dependence on the remote control, the use of aluminum alloy is considered as the first step. The low electrical resistivity, over-ageing, weak mechanical strength and eddy current characteristics of aluminum alloy must be improved. The physical and electrical properties of various aluminum alloys have been investigated. Permeability of hydrogen through aluminum, the recycling characteristics and surface coating materials have been also studied. (Kato, T.)

On the change of fall-out measured by monitoring post at the time of nuclear explosion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagai, Tatsuo; Honda, Tadashi; Imai, Toshio

1977-01-01

The measurement of the spatial distribution of gamma-ray by monitoring posts has been continued. The measurement has been made with scintillation counters. The annual variation of gamma dose in no-rain season was recorded as background. The depth of snow showed some correlation with the level of the background gamma dose. Natural radioactivity in the air emitted from the terrestrial surface may cause the activity of the air. The relation between rain and dose rate was investigated. The higher dose rate than the background was seen during rain fall. The increase of dose rate was observed after the Chinese nuclear explosion. After the analysis of data from various monitoring posts, the trace line of fall-out activity was determined. The trace of 500 mb, which means about 10 KT of explosion, did not cross Japan, and the trace of 300 mb, meaning 100 KT of explosion, was just over Japan. The movement of the fall out along the trace line was definitely observed. (Kato, T.)

Proposal on electron anti-neutrino mass measurement at INS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohshima, Takayoshi.

1981-03-01

Some comment on the proposed experiment, namely the measurement of electron anti-neutrino mass, is described. Various experiments with the measurement of β-ray from tritium have been reported. The precise measurement of the shape of the Kurie plot is required in this kind of experiment. The present experiment aimed at more accurate determination of neutrino mass than any other previous ones. An important point of the present experiment is to reduce the background due to the β-ray from evaporating tritium. The source candidates have low evaporation rate. A double focus √2π air core spectrometer is employed for the measurement of β-ray. The spectrometer was improved to meet the present purpose. The accumulated event rate was expected to be about 10 times higher than Russian experiment. The estimated energy resolution was about 30 eV. The neutrino mass with less than 10 eV accuracy will be obtained. (Kato, T.)

Temperature, pressure, and density of electron, atom and ion, in the breaking arc of silver-cadmium contacts used in medium current region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aida, Teizo

1979-01-01

Wear of silver-cadmium contacts at the time of breaking was studied. The materials of the contacts were silver-cadmium alloy and silver-cadmium oxide sinter. The spectra of arc discharge generated at the time of breaking contact were analyzed with a monochromator photo multiplier. The ratio of the densities of cadmium and silver atoms in the arc can be estimated from the observed intensities of spectrum lines. The electron density is obtained from the arc current density. The proportion of the cadmium atoms in the arc was about 30 percent. The densities of silver atoms and cadmium atoms can be estimated by the principle of thermal ionization equilibrium. The ion densities were also estimated. The partial pressures of silver and cadmium atoms in the arc can be obtained from the Boyle-Charles' law. A formula which gives the number of atoms liberated from the surfaces of contacts at the time of breaking was given by Boddy et al. (Kato, T.)

Electronic bound states in parity-preserving QED{sub 3} applied to high-T{sub c} cuprate superconductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Christiansen, H.R. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao de Teoria de Campos e Particulas]. E-mail: hugo@cbpf.br; Cima, O.M. Del [Universidade Catolica de Petropolis, RJ (Brazil). Grupo de Fisica Teorica]. E-mail: delcima@gft.ucp.br; Ferreira Junior, M.M. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao de Teoria de Campos e Particulas]|[Maranhao Univ., Sao Luis, MA (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica]. E-mail: manojr@cbpf.br; Helayel-Neto, J.A. [Universidade Catolica de Petropolis, RJ (Brazil). Grupo de Fisica Teorica]|[Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao de Teoria de Campos e Particulas]. E-mail: helayel@gft.ucp.br

2001-08-01

We consider a parity-preserving QED{sub 3} model with spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry as a framework for the evaluation of the electron-electron interaction potential underlying high-T{sub e} superconductivity. The fact that resulting potential, - C{sub s} K{sub o} (Mr), is non-confining and weak (in the sense of Kato) strongly suggests the mechanism of pair-condensation. This potential, compatible with an s-wave order parameters, is then applied to the Schrodinger equation for the sake of numerical calculations, thereby enforcing the existence of bound states. The results worked out by means of our theoretical framework are checked by considering a number of phenomenological data extracted from different copper oxide superconductors. The agreement may motivate a deeper analysis of our model viewing an application to quasi-planar cuprate superconductors. The data analyzed here suggest an energy scale of 1-10 meV for the breaking of the U(1)-symmetry. (author)

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi from patients with scrub typhus in 3 regions of India.

Science.gov (United States)

Varghese, George M; Janardhanan, Jeshina; Mahajan, Sanjay K; Tariang, David; Trowbridge, Paul; Prakash, John A J; David, Thambu; Sathendra, Sowmya; Abraham, O C

2015-01-01

Scrub typhus, an acute febrile illness that is widespread in the Asia-Pacific region, is caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, which displays high levels of antigenic variation. We conducted an investigation to identify the circulating genotypes of O. tsutsugamushi in 3 scrub typhus-endemic geographic regions of India: South India, Northern India, and Northeast India. Eschar samples collected during September 2010-August 2012 from patients with scrub typhus were subjected to 56-kDa type-specific PCR and sequencing to identify their genotypes. Kato-like strains predominated (61.5%), especially in the South and Northeast, followed by Karp-like strains (27.7%) and Gilliam and Ikeda strains (2.3% each). Neimeng-65 genotype strains were also observed in the Northeast. Clarifying the genotypic diversity of O. tsutsugamushi in India enhances knowledge of the regional diversity among circulating strains and provides potential resources for future region-specific diagnostic studies and vaccine development.

Current status of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Beyla and Macenta Prefectures, Forest Guinea.

Science.gov (United States)

Hodges, Mary; Koroma, Manso M; Baldé, Mamadou S; Turay, Hamid; Fofanah, Ibrahim; Divall, Mark J; Winkler, Mirko S; Zhang, Yaobi

2011-11-01

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in children aged 9-14 years in Beyla and Macenta Prefectures, Forest Guinea. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz and urine samples were examined by the centrifugation method. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection was 66.2% and 462.4 eggs per gram of faeces (epg) for Schistosoma mansoni, 21.0% and 17.8 eggs per 10ml of urine for S. haematobium, 51.2% and 507.5 epg for hookworm, 8.1% and 89.1 epg for Ascaris lumbricoides and 2.4% and 16.7 epg for Trichuris trichiura. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis (S. mansoni and/or S. haematobium) was 70.7%. The prevalence of schistosomiasis was similar to those reported in the 1990s in the region; however, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths has since fallen. These findings illustrate the need for schistosomiasis control in Guinea. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sentinel surveillance of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in preschool-aged and school-aged children in selected local government units in the Philippines: follow-up assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Belizario, Vicente Y; Totañes, Francis Isidore G; de Leon, Winifreda U; Ciro, Raezelle Nadine T; Lumampao, Yvonne F

2015-03-01

This study was a follow-up to the baseline nationwide survey of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in preschool-aged children in the Philippines and in school-aged children in selected sentinel sites to assess the Integrated Helminth Control Program of the Department of Health. The objective of the study was to describe the current prevalence and intensity of STH infections in preschool-aged and school-aged children in 6 sentinel provinces and to compare these data with baseline findings. A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the prevalence and intensity of STH infections. Parasitological assessment involved the examination of stool samples by the Kato-Katz method. Although parasitological parameters in the 2 age groups at follow-up showed significant reductions from the baseline, these parameters remained high despite 3 years of mass drug administration (MDA). Efforts toward achieving high MDA coverage rates, provision of clean water, environmental sanitation, and promotion of hygiene practices must be prioritized. © 2013 APJPH.

Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Schistosomiasis in Children of Poor Families in Leyte, Philippines: Lessons for Disease Prevention and Control.

Science.gov (United States)

Liwanag, Harvy Joy; Uy, Jhanna; Bataller, Ramil; Gatchalian, Janis Ruth; De La Calzada, Betty; Uy, Justine Alessandra; Dayrit, Manuel

2017-10-01

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) continue to be a public health problem in the Philippines. We assessed the association of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and schistosomiasis with selected health-related and socioeconomic variables in four villages in Leyte, Philippines. Stool specimens from 418 adults and 533 of their children from 209 families were examined through the Kato-Katz technique. STH and schistosomiasis were present in 64.6% and 12.5%, respectively, of study participants. Analysis through the generalized linear mixed model revealed a number of associations between infection in parents and their children. Findings indicate that years of disease prevention and control efforts in these areas have been unable to bring down prevalence in children and their parents. Eliminating NTDs as public health problems will require a systems thinking approach beyond implementation of vertical control programs alone. © The Author [2017]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Thermoluminescent monitoring of the solar ultraviolet radiation with KCl: Eu2+ crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chernov, V.; Melendrez, R.; Barboza F, M.

2000-01-01

In this work it has been investigating the Tl properties of KCl: Eu 2+ subjected to solar direct radiation. Also it was realized irradiation with the Deuterium and Xenon lamps. It was used a set of filters and a Katos monochromator 0.25 M to determine the spectral response to Tl peaks and a study of them with respect to the duration of the Sun irradiation. After of the Sun irradiation the Tl curves show several peaks between the ambient temperature and 673 K. The relation between peaks depends strongly of the irradiation time and the different solar light wavelength. It is possible to divide the Tl peaks in two groups. The first one (T 473 K) is not too sensitive but is more stable under optical whitening. Here the obtained results are discussed with respect to UV dosemeters development for environment which facilitate to obtain direct measurements of the UV index. (Author)

Upper and lower bounds in nonrelativistic scattering theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Darewych, J.W.; Pooran, R.

1980-01-01

We consider the problem of determining rigorous upper and lower bounds to the difference between the exact and approximate scattering phase shift, for the case of central potential scattering. The present work is based on the Kato identities and the phase-amplitude formalism of potential scattering developed by Calogero. For nonstationary approximations, a new first-order (in small quantities) bound is established which is particularly useful for partial waves other than s waves. Similar, but second-order, bounds are established for approximations which are stationary. Some previous results, based on the use of the Lippman--Schwinger equation are generalized, and some new bounds are established. These are illustrated, and compared to previous results, by a simple example. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the present results in comparison to those derived previously. Finally, we present the generalization of some of the present formalism to the case of many-channel scattering involving many-particle systems, and discuss some of the difficulties of their practical implementation

Thermal equilibrium, stability and burn control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohn, D.

1982-01-01

A number of aspects of the thermal stability and equilibrium control of ignited tokamak plasma have been investigated. Examined approaches were passive control (the effect of radial motion, the effect of radial motion and small additional transport loss), active control (the compression and decompression of plasma, subignited operation with small amount of variable external heating, and density control), and thermal equilibrium control (additional power loss from impurity radiation and enhanced transport from increased ripple). One-D calculation has been made on thermal instability eigen-modes. It was found that for electron thermal induction loss given by Alcator scaling and for neoclassical ion transport, there was at most one unstable mode with a temperature profile which maintains the temperature profile at thermal equilibrium. The effect of the coupling of temperature fluctuation and the fluctuation in major radius was investigated. Temperature driven radial motion combined with a small amount of ripple transport loss was found to be a very effective mechanism for passive thermal stability control. (Kato, T.)

The Bloch wave operator: generalizations and applications: Part I. The time-independent case

CERN Document Server

Killingbeck, J P

2003-01-01

This is part 1 of a two-part review on wave operator theory and methods. The basic theory of the time-independent wave operator is presented in terms of partitioned matrix theory for the benefit of general readers, with a discussion of the links between the matrix and projection operator approaches. The matrix approach is shown to lead to simple derivations of the wave operators and effective Hamiltonians of Loewdin, Bloch, Des Cloizeaux and Kato as well as to some associated variational forms. The principal approach used throughout stresses the solution of the nonlinear equation for the reduced wave operator, leading to the construction of the effective Hamiltonians of Bloch and of Des Cloizeaux. Several mathematical techniques which are useful in implementing this approach are explained, some of them being relatively little known in the area of wave operator calculations. The theoretical discussion is accompanied by several specimen numerical calculations which apply the described techniques to a selection ...

Variational methods for chemical and nuclear reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crawford, O.H.

1977-01-01

All the variational functionals are derived which satisfy certain criteria of suitability for molecular and nuclear scattering, below the threshold energy for three-body breakup. The existence and uniqueness of solutions are proven. The most general suitable functional is specialized, by particular values of its parameters, to Kohn's taneta, Kato's cot(eta-theta), the inverse Kohn coeta, Kohn's S matrix, our S matrix, Lane and Robson's functional, and several new functionals, an infinite number of which are contained in the general expression. Four general ways of deriving algebraic methods from a given functional are discussed, and illustrated with specific algebraic results. These include equations of Lane and Robson and of Kohn, the fundamental R matrix relation, and new equations. The relative configuration space is divided as in the Wigner R matrix theory, and trial wavefunctions are needed for only the region where all the particles are interacting. In addition, a version of the general functional is presented which does not require any division of space

A lumped parameter, low dimension model of heat exchanger

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanoh, Hideaki; Furushoo, Junji; Masubuchi, Masami

1980-01-01

This paper reports on the results of investigation of the distributed parameter model, the difference model, and the model of the method of weighted residuals for heat exchangers. By the method of weighted residuals (MWR), the opposite flow heat exchanger system is approximated by low dimension, lumped parameter model. By assuming constant specific heat, constant density, the same form of tube cross-section, the same form of the surface of heat exchange, uniform flow velocity, the linear relation of heat transfer to flow velocity, liquid heat carrier, and the thermal insulation of liquid from outside, fundamental equations are obtained. The experimental apparatus was made of acrylic resin. The response of the temperature at the exit of first liquid to the variation of the flow rate of second liquid was measured and compared with the models. The MWR model shows good approximation for the low frequency region, and as the number of division increases, good approximation spreads to higher frequency region. (Kato, T.)

Many-beam effects in electron microscope images of lattice defects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izui, Kazuhiko; Nishida, Takahiko; Furuno, Shigemi; Otsu, Hitoshi

1974-01-01

Multi-beam effects in electron microscopic images were investigated. A computation program was developed on the basis of a matrix theory of the multi-beam effects. The matrix theory for a perfect crystal and an imperfect crystal is described, and expression for absorption coefficient is presented. The amplitude of electron wave penetrating through lattice defects is expressed by using scattering matrices which correspond to crystal slices. Calculation of extinction distance was performed, and compared with experimental results. In case of systematic reflection, the difference between two beams and from four to eight beams approximation was small, while a large effect was seen in case of accidental reflection. The intensity profile of bend contour was calculated for silicon and copper-aluminum alloy. Distance between submaxima becomes short with increase of thickness. The change in stacking fault fringes with diffraction condition was investigated. Samples were copper-aluminum alloy. Systematic behavior of the fringes was obtained, and the calculated results reproduced experimental ones. (Kato, T.)

Noncanonical Hamiltonian methods in plasma dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaufman, A.N.

1982-01-01

A Hamiltonian approach to plasma dynamics is described. The Poisson bracket of two observables g 1 and g 2 is given by using an antisymmetric tensor J, and must satisfy the Jacobi condition. The J can be obtained by elementary tensor analysis. The evolution in time of an observable g is given in terms of the Poisson bracket and a Hamiltonian H(Z). The guiding-center description of particle motion was presented by Littlejohn. The ponderomotive drift and force, the wave-induced oscillation-center velocity, and the gyrofrequency shift are obtained. The Lie transform yields the wave-induced increment to the gyromomentum. In the coulomb model for a Vlasov system, the dynamical variable is the Vlasov distribution f(z). The Hamiltonian functional and the Poisson bracket are obtained. The coupling of f(z) to the Maxwell field appears in the Poisson bracket. The evolution equation yields the Vlasov-Maxwell system. (Kato, T.)

Epidemiology and control of Schistosomiasis and other intestinal parasitic infections among school children in three rural villages of south Saint Lucia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kurup, Rajini; Hunjan, Gurdip S

2010-12-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of parasitic infections and the efficacy of treatment among school children in rural villages of south Saint Lucia. A total of 554 school children participated in this study. Parasitic infections were confirmed by using Kato- Katz method. Overall, 61.6% of the school children were infected by any parasitic infection. The helminths identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (15.7%), Hookworm (11.9%), Strongyloides (9.7%), Trichuris trichiura (4.7%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.6%), Taenia solium (0.8%) and Enterobius vermicularis (2.1%), Entamoeba coli (9.7%), Iodameba butschlii (5%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.1%), Giardia lamblia (1.8%) and Endolimax nana (2.1%). The control intervention included treatment with albendazole 400 mg and praziquantel 40 mg/kg as well as awareness campaigns. Post-interventional assessment showed the total prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection reduced from 61.6 to 3.6% with a cure rate of 94.2%, following the control methods.

Cosmic ray intensity distribution in the vertical direction to solar equator plane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nosaka, Toru; Mori, Satoru; Sagisaka, Shuji.

1983-01-01

The data of the annual variation of cosmic ray intensity measured by neutron detectors were used to study the distribution of cosmic ray intensity vertical to the solar equator plane and its long term variation. The data used were obtained at Deep River, Kiel, Kerguelen Island, McMurdo, Ottawa, and Mt. Washington. All data showed annual variation. The patterns and degree of variation obtained in northern and southern hemisphere were similar. The summation dial representation of the annual variation and semi-annual variation of cosmic ray was obtained. The inversion of annual variation in 1958 - 1959 and 1968 - 1969 corresponded to the inversion of polarity of solar pole magnetic field. The semi-annual variation showed a complex behavior. The helio-latitudial distribution of cosmic ray intensity was obtained. The asymmetric distribution in relation to the solar equator was observed in the annual variation. The northward gradient of density in 1955 - 1958 and southward gradient in 1959 - 1968 were seen. (Kato, T.)

Familial ethnic socialization, gender role attitudes, and ethnic identity development in Mexican-origin early adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez, Delida; Whittaker, Tiffany A; Hamilton, Emma; Arango, Sarah

2017-07-01

This study examined the relations between familial ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development in 438 Mexican-origin (n = 242 boys and n = 196 girls) preadolescents. In addition, machismo and marianismo gender role attitudes were examined as potential mediators in this link. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) of the Familial Ethnic Socialization Scale (FES), Machismo Measure (MM), Marianismo Beliefs Scale (MBS), and the Ethnic Identity Brief Scale (EISB) were conducted to test the factor structure with a preadolescent Mexican-origin sample. Separate path analyses of analytic models were then performed on boys and girls. Results of the CFAs for survey measures revealed that for the FES, a 1-factor version indicated acceptable fit; for the MM, the original 2-factor structure indicated acceptable model fit; for the MBS, a revised 3-factor version indicated acceptable model fit; and, for the EISB, the affirmation and resolution dimensions showed acceptable fit. Among boys, FES was significantly and positively linked to caballerismo, and EISB affirmation and resolution; furthermore, the links between FES and EISB affirmation and resolution were indirectly connected by caballerismo. In addition, traditional machismo was negatively linked to EISB affirmation, and caballerismo was positively linked to EISB affirmation and resolution. Among girls, FES was significantly and positively related to the MBS-virtuous/chaste pillar, and EISB affirmation and resolution. The MBS-subordinate to others pillar was negatively linked to EISB affirmation. This study underscores the importance of FES and positive gender role attitudes in the link to ethnic identity development among Mexican-origin preadolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

[Epidemiological study of intestinal helminthiasis in the island of Tortuga (Haiti). II. Evaluation of the parasite count by means of the Kato method].

Science.gov (United States)

Raccurt, C; Vial, P; Pierre-Louis, J M

1977-01-01

Results of the numbering of T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides et N. americanus eggs found in the stool, taken from a representative sample of the population of Tortuga island, shows the importance of parasital load borne by people attacked by the parasites. Those who produce the greatest number of eggs for a gram of faeces are young children. For adults, the evolution of the parasital load follow that of the prevalence, for each Nematodes, with an increase of the average number of eggs of A. lumbricoides per gram of faeces for adults aged 30 to 44, and of the average number of N. amercanus per gram of faeces for adults aged 45 to 59. Moreover women adults show a higher number of parasites than men. Farmers from villages within the interior of the island who are more often attacked than those from the coast, also bear a parasital load which is twice as high. Victims less than 5 years old and more than 30, particularly women, whose faeces are richest in eggs, seem to present the greatest danger for the transmission of ascaridiosis and necatorosis in Toruga Island.

Parasitosis intestinales en poblaciones Mbyá-Guaraní de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina: aspectos epidemiológicos y nutricionales Intestinal parasitosis in Mbyá-Guaraní populations from Misiones Province, Argentina: epidemiological and nutritional aspects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Teresa Navone

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Se describieron las enteroparasitosis más frecuentes en dos comunidades Mbyá-Guaraní de Misiones, Argentina: Kaaguy Poty e Yvy Pytá. Las parasitosis intestinales se asociaron con el estado nutricional de los individuos infectados y los factores ambientales y culturales que caracterizan a las poblaciones estudiadas. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en una población aborigen vecina, Takuapí, y la población urbana más cercana: Aristóbulo del Valle. Se utilizaron las técnicas de Ritchie, Willis y Kato Katz para las muestras fecales. Se analizaron los parámetros antropométricos y se procesaron muestras de tierra. De un total 296 individuos en las cuarto poblaciones, 100 (87,7%, 63 (88,7%, 49 (96,1% y 50 (82% estuvieron parasitados en Kaaguy Poty, Yvy Pytá, Takuapí, y Aristóbulo del Valle respectivamente. El 84% de los individuos parasitados estuvieron poliparasitados. El 43% de los individuos medidos presentaron desnutrición y el 87% de ellos estaban parasitados. Hubo asociación entre el uso de letrinas y Giardia lamblia (p Intestinal parasite infestation in indigenous Mbyá-Guaraní communities in Misiones, Argentina, was described and associated with nutritional status and environmental and cultural factors. The results were compared with those from Takuapí, a neighboring indigenous population, and the nearest urban population, Aristóbulo del Valle. The Ritchie, Willis, and Kato Katz techniques were used to analyze the stool samples. Anthropometric parameters were analyzed and earth samples processed. From a total sample of 296 individuals analyzed in the four populations, 100 (87.7%, 63 (88.7%, 49 (96.1%, and 50 (82% were infested in Kaaguy Poty, Yvy Pytá, Takuapí, and Aristóbulo del Valle, respectively. 84% of infested individuals had multiple parasites. The 43% of the individuals presented malnutrition, and 87% of these were infested. There was an association between use of latrines and Giardia lamblia (p < 0

Prevalência de helmintos intestinais em três mesorregiões do Estado de Minas Gerais Prevalence of intestinal helminths in three regions of Minas Gerais State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar dos Santos Carvalho

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um levantamento das helmintoses intestinais em 18.973 escolares do primeiro grau (7 a 14 anos, da rede pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, utilizando o método de Kato-Katz de exame de fezes (duas lâminas por amostra. Foram estudadas 3 mesorregiões: Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba (60 municípios, Noroeste de Minas (13 e Sul/Sudoeste (144. Entre os escolares examinados, 15.545 (82% estavam negativos, 2.863 (15% monoparasitados e 565 (3% poliparasitados. A prevalência de A. lumbricoides foi de 10,3%, de T. trichiura 4,7%, de ancilostomídeos 2,9%, de E. vermicularis 1,2%, de H. nana 0,4% e de Taenia sp 0,2%. As maiores prevalências de helmintos/mesorregião foram de 24,2% para T. trichiura e 18,7% para A. lumbricoides (Sul/Sudoeste e 12,1% para ancilostomídeos e 0,7% para Taenia sp (Noroeste de Minas. As helmintoses intestinais continuam sendo um grave problema de saúde pública, inclusive em áreas onde as condições socioeconômicas são mais favoráveis.A parasitological assay of feces, through the Kato-Katz method, was undertaken in 18,973 schoolchildren (7 to 14 years old, at primary school level, from a public school of the State of Minas Gerais. Three mesoregions were studied: Triângulo Mineiro/ Alto Paraíba ( 60 municipalities; northwest Minas Gerais (13 and south/south-west regions of Minas Gerais (144. Among the examined children, 15,545 (82% were negative; 2,863 (15% were infected with a single species of helminthes and 565 (3% were infected by more than one species. The prevalence rates were: A. lumbricoides 10.3%; T. trichiura 4.7%; hookworm 2.9%; E. vermicularis 1.2%; H. nana 0.4% and Taenia sp 0.2%. The largest helminthes prevalence/mesoregion were for T. trichiura (24.2% and A. lumbricoides (18.7% in the south/south-west region; hookworm (12.1% and Taenia sp (0.7% in the northwest region of Minas Gerais. Intestinal helminthiasis is still regarded as a serious public health problem, including regions where

Characteristic of the postseismic deformation following the 2011 Sanriku-Oki earthquake (Mw 7.2) by comparing the 1989 and 1992 Sanriku-Oki events

Science.gov (United States)

Ohta, Yusaku; Hino, Ryota; Ariyoshi, Keisuke; Matsuzawa, Toru; Mishina, Masaaki; Sato, Tadahiro; Tachibana, Kenji; Demachi, Tomotsugu; Miura, Satoshi

2013-04-01

The March 11, 2011, moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku earthquake (hereafter referred to as the mainshock) generated a large tsunami, which caused devastating damage and the loss of more than 15,800 lives. On March 9, 2011 at 2:45 (UTC), an M7.3 interplate earthquake (hereafter referred to as the foreshock) occurred ~45 km northeast of the epicenter of the Mw9.0 mainshock. The focal mechanism estimated by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) incorporates reverse fault motion with a west-northwest to east-southeast compression axis. This foreshock preceded the 2011 Tohoku earthquake by 51 h. Kato et al. [Science, 2012] pointed out aftershock migration after the foreshock along the trench axis toward the epicenter of the Mw9.0 mainshock on the basis of an earthquake catalog, which was created using a waveform correlation technique. They also estimated aseismic slip amount by the repeating earthquake analysis. Ohta et al. [GRL, 2012] proposed a coseismic and postseismic afterslip model of the foreshock based on a GPS network and ocean bottom pressure gauge sites. The estimated coseismic slip and afterslip areas show complementary spatial distributions. The slip amount for the afterslip is roughly consistent with that determined by repeating earthquake analysis carried out by Kato et al. [2012]. Ohta et al. [2012] also pointed out a volumetric strainmeter time series suggests that this event advanced with a rapid decay time constant compared with other typical large earthquakes. For verification of this exception, we investigated the postseismic deformation characteristic following the 1989 and 1992 Sanriku-Oki earthquake, which occurred 100-150 km north of the epicenter of the 2011 Sanriku-Oki event. We used four components extensometer of the Tohoku University at Miyako (39.59N, 141.98E) on the Sanriku coast for these events. To extract the characteristics of the postseismic deformation, we fitted the logarithmic function

Efficacy and safety of retinol palmitate ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eye: a Japanese Phase II clinical trial

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Toshida H

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Hiroshi Toshida,1 Toshinari Funaki,2 Koichi Ono,3 Nobuhito Tabuchi,4 Sota Watanabe,4 Tamotsu Seki,5 Hiroshi Otake,6 Takuji Kato,7 Nobuyuki Ebihara,8 Akira Murakami2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, 2Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Tokyo, 4Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, 5Tamagawa Eye Clinic, Tokyo, 6Otake Eye Clinic, Kanagawa, 7Kato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, 8Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the administration of retinol palmitate (VApal ophthalmic solution (500 IU/mL for the treatment of patients with dry eye. Patients and methods: This study included 66 patients with dry eye. After a 2-week washout period, patients were randomized (1:1 into either a VApal ophthalmic solution or a placebo group, and a single drop of either solution was administered six times daily for 4 weeks. Efficacy measures were 12 subjective symptoms, rose bengal (RB and fluorescein staining scores, tear film breakup time, and tear secretion. Safety measures included clinical blood and urine analyses and adverse event recordings. Results: In comparisons of the two groups, the mean change in RB staining score from baseline was significantly lower in the VApal group at 2 and 4 weeks (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively. Furthermore, the fluorescein clearance rate (fluorescein staining score was significantly higher in the VApal group at 4 weeks (P<0.05. The VApal group showed a significant improvement in blurred vision at 1 and 2 weeks (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively, and the mean change in the total score for subjective symptoms from baseline was significantly lower in the VApal group at 1 week (P<0.05. In before- and after-intervention comparisons, the

"Analysis of the multi-layered cloud radiative effects at the surface using A-train data"

Science.gov (United States)

Viudez-Mora, A.; Smith, W. L., Jr.; Kato, S.

2017-12-01

Clouds cover about 74% of the planet and they are an important part of the climate system and strongly influence the surface energy budget. The cloud vertical distribution has important implications in the atmospheric heating and cooling rates. Based on observations by active sensors in the A-train satellite constellation, CALIPSO [Winker et. al, 2010] and CloudSat [Stephens et. al, 2002], more than 1/3 of all clouds are multi-layered. Detection and retrieval of multi-layer cloud physical properties are needed in understanding their effects on the surface radiation budget. This study examines the sensitivity of surface irradiances to cloud properties derived from satellite sensors. Surface irradiances were computed in two different ways, one using cloud properties solely from MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the other using MODIS data supplemented with CALIPSO and CloudSat (hereafter CLCS) cloud vertical structure information [Kato et. al, 2010]. Results reveal that incorporating more precise and realistic cloud properties from CLCS into radiative transfer calculations yields improved estimates of cloud radiative effects (CRE) at the surface (CREsfc). The calculations using only MODIS cloud properties, comparisons of the computed CREsfc for 2-layer (2L) overcast CERES footprints, CLCS reduces the SW CRE by 1.5±26.7 Wm-2, increases the LW CRE by 4.1±12.7 Wm-2, and increases the net CREsfc by 0.9±46.7 Wm-2. In a subsequent analysis, we classified up to 6 different combinations of multi-layered clouds depending on the cloud top height as: High-high (HH), high-middle (HM), high-low (HL), middle-middle (MM), middle-low (ML) and low-low (LL). The 3 most frequent 2L cloud systems were: HL (56.1%), HM (22.3%) and HH (12.1%). For these cases, the computed CREsfc estimated using CLCS data presented the most significant differences when compared using only MODIS data. For example, the differences for the SW and Net CRE in the case HH was 12.3±47

Enteroparasitoses em gestantes e puérperas no Rio de Janeiro Enteroparasitosis in pregnant and post-partem women in Rio de Janeiro

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Lêda Maria da Costa Macedo

1996-09-01

Full Text Available A prevalência de parasitoses intestinais foi determinada em 795 mulheres distribuídas em grupos de 490 gestantes, 201 não-gestantes (controle e 104 puérperas, no período de novembro de 1989 a maio de 1991, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados pelos métodos de Sedimentação por Centrifugação, Faust, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes. A prevalência de enteroparasitoses entre os grupos de gestantes (37,6% e o grupo-controle (38,3% pelo método de sedimentação por centrifugação foi praticamente igual, apesar de estar o primeiro grupo regularmente assistido por serviços especializados de saúde. Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichuris trichiura foram os parasitos mais freqüentes (em torno de 30,0%. Quando métodos mais específicos foram aplicados em 168 amostras de gestantes, o percentual foi elevado para 53,6%. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre a taxa de gestantes e puérperas (69,2%. Estes achados mostram a pouca atenção dispensada a estas infecções durante a gestação, não obstante relatos anteriores das possíveis repercussões para o feto e o recém-nascido.From November 1989 to May 1991, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was investigated in 795 women coming from the Public Health Services, who were divided into three groups: 490 pregnant women in pre-natal care period, 104 after-delivery women and 201 non-pregnant women (control. Coproparasitologic tests were run using the Sedimentation through Centrifugation, Faust, Kato-Katz and Baermann-Moraes methods. Positivities were found ranging from 37.6% to 53.6% for pregnant women, 38.3% for non-pregnant women and 69.2% for after-delivery women, with statistically significant differences between the rates of pregnant women and after-delivery women, and with no statistic difference between the groups of pregnant and non-pregnant women. The most frequent parasites found were A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura

Advanced energy system with nuclear reactors as an energy source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kato, Y.; Ishizuka, T.; Nikitin, K.

2007-01-01

recovery system is also applicable to a fast reactor (FR) with a supercritical CO 2 gas turbine that achieves higher cycle efficiency than conventional sodium cooled FRs with steam turbines. The FR will eliminate problems of conventional FRs related to safety, plant maintenance, and construction costs. The FR consumes efficiently trans-uranium elements (TRU) produced in light water reactors as fuel and reduce long-lived radioactive wastes or environmental loads of long term geological disposal. An Advanced Energy System (AES) with nuclear reactors as an energy source has been proposed which supply electricity and heat to cities. The AES has three objectives: 1. Save energy resources and reduce green house gas emissions, attaining total energy utilization efficiency higher than 85% through waste heat recovery and utilization. 2. Foster a recycling society that produces methane and methanol for fuel cells from waste products of cities and farms. 3. Consume TRU produced in LWRs as fuel for FRs, and reduce long-lived radioactive wastes or environmental loads of long term geological disposal. References 1. Y. Kato, T. Nitawaki and K. Fujima, 'Zero Waste Heat Release Nuclear Cogeneration System, 'Proc. 2003 Intl. Congress on Advanced Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP'03), Cordoba, Spain, May 4-7, 2003, Paper 3313. 2. Y. Kato, T. Nitawaki and Y. Muto, 'Medium Temperature Carbon Dioxide Gas Turbine Reactor, 'Nucl. Eng. Design, 230, pp. 195-207 (2004). 3. H. N. Tran and Y. Kato, 'New 2 37Np Burning Strategy in a Supercritical CO 2 Cooled Fast Reactor Core Attaining Zero Burnup Reactivity Loss,' Proc. American Nuclear Society's Topical Meeting on Reactor Physics (PHYSOR 2006), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, September 10-14, 2006

Treatment of premenstrual syndrome with a phytopharmaceutical formulation containing Vitex agnus castus.

Science.gov (United States)

Loch, E G; Selle, H; Boblitz, N

2000-04-01

A multicentric noninterventional trial (open study without control) to investigate the efficacy and tolerance of a drug in a large number of patients under routine medical conditions was performed for a new solid preparation from an extract of the fruit of Vitex agnus castus (VAC, Vitex, chaste tree, Chasteberry) in 1634 patients suffering from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). A specific questionnaire was developed for determining the effect of Vitex on psychic and somatic complaints, on the four characteristic PMS symptom complexes depression, anxiety, craving, and hyperhydration (DACH), and on single groups of symptoms. After a treatment period of three menstrual cycles 93% of patients reported a decrease in the number of symptoms or even cessation of PMS complaints. To a certain extent, this effect was observed within all symptom complexes and correlated with the global assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Whereas 85% of physicians rated it as good or very good, 81% of patients assessed their status after treatment as very much or much better. Analysis of frequency and severity of mastodynia as the predominant symptom revealed that complaints still present after 3 months of therapy were mostly less severe. Ninety-four percent of patients assessed the tolerance of Vitex treatment as good or very good. Adverse drug reactions were suspected by physicians in 1.2% of patients, but there were no serious adverse drug reactions. Hence, the risk/benefit ratio of the new Vitex preparation can be rated as very good, with significant efficacy for all aspects of the multifaceted and inhomogeneous clinical picture of PMS, with a safety profile comparable to other Vitex preparations.

Intestinal parasitism and socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani indians, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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Clara Lia Costa Brandelli

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old, and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.

The Monte Carlo calculation of gamma family

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shibata, Makio

1980-01-01

The method of the Monte Carlo calculation for gamma family was investigated. The effects of the variation of values or terms of parameters on observed quantities were studied. The terms taken for the standard calculation are the scaling law for the model, simple proton spectrum for primary cosmic ray, a constant cross section of interaction, zero probability of neutral pion production, and the bending of the curve of primary energy spectrum. This is called S model. Calculations were made by changing one of above mentioned parameters. The chamber size, the mixing of gamma and hadrons, and the family size were fitted to the practical ECC data. When the model was changed from the scaling law to the CKP model, the energy spectrum of the family was able to be expressed by the CKP model better than the scaling law. The scaling law was better in the symmetry around the family center. It was denied that primary cosmic ray mostly consists of heavy particles. The increase of the interaction cross section was necessary in view of the frequency of the families. (Kato, T.)

Measurement of neutron production by 500 MeV proton beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hirayama, Hideo; Ban, Shuichi

1981-01-01

Measurement of high energy neutrons is difficult, because the cross section data are scarce, the cross section at high energy is usually small, and the monoenergetic neutrons are hardly obtained. At the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK), various threshold detectors have been used for high energy neutron measurement. A carbon detector is a standard detector for high energy neutrons, since the cross section of the C 12 (n, 2n) C 11 reaction is almost constant at higher energy than 20 MeV, and the data have been well known. The half-life of the product (C 11 ) is about 20 min, and other activities with longer half-life than 1 min are restricted to Be 7 and C 11 . As a carbon detector, a plastic scintillator is used, and the neutron spectra observed at the Booster Beam Dump Room of KEK are presented. The results of measurements were compared with the calculated results using a Monte Carlo code made at KEK. Agreement between both results was good. (Kato, T.)

Data compilation of single pion photoproduction below 2 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ukai, K.; Nakamura, T.

1984-09-01

An updated data compilation on single pion photoproduction experiment below 2 GeV is presented. This data bank includes not only the data of single pion photoproduction processes but also those of the proton Compton scattering (γp → γp) and the inverse process of the γn → π - p (π - p → γn). The number of total data points are 6240 for γp → π + n, 5715 for γp → π 0 p, 2835 for γn → π - p, 177 for γn → π 0 n, 669 for γp → γp, and 112 for π - p → γn processes. The compiled data are stored in the central computer (FACOM M-380R) of the Institute of Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, for direct use of this data bank and on magnetic tapes with the standard label for other laboratories. The FACOM computer is compatible with an IBM 370 series or IBM 303X or 308X series machines. The data on the magnetic tapes are available on request. (Kato, T.)

MCDF calculations of Auger cascade processes

Science.gov (United States)

Beerwerth, Randolf; Fritzsche, Stephan

2017-10-01

We model the multiple ionization of near-neutral core-excited atoms where a cascade of Auger processes leads to the emission of several electrons. We utilize the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method to generate approximate wave functions for all fine-structure levels and to account for all decays between them. This approach allows to compute electron spectra, the population of final-states and ion yields, that are accessible in many experiments. Furthermore, our approach is based on the configuration interaction method. A careful treatment of correlation between electronic configurations enables one to model three-electron processes such as an Auger decay that is accompanied by an additional shake-up transition. Here, this model is applied to the triple ionization of atomic cadmium, where we show that the decay of inner-shell 4p holes to triply-charged final states is purely due to the shake-up transition of valence 5s electrons. Contribution to the Topical Issue "Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications", edited by Gordon W.F. Drake, Jung-Sik Yoon, Daiji Kato, Grzegorz Karwasz.

Tumor specific cytotoxicity of arctigenin isolated from herbal plant Arctium lappa L.

Science.gov (United States)

Susanti, Siti; Iwasaki, Hironori; Itokazu, Yukiyoshi; Nago, Mariko; Taira, Naoyuki; Saitoh, Seikoh; Oku, Hirosuke

2012-10-01

The effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy is often limited by the toxicity to other tissues in the body. Therefore, the identification of non-toxic chemotherapeutics from herbal medicines remains to be an attractive goal to advance cancer treatments. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity profiles of 364 herbal plant extracts, using various cancer and normal cell lines. The screening found occurrence of A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) specific cytotoxicity in nine species of herbal plants, especially in the extract of Arctium lappa L. Moreover, purification of the selective cytotoxicity in the extract of Arctium lappa L. resulted in the identification of arctigenin as tumor specific agent that showed cytotoxicity to lung cancer (A549), liver cancer (HepG2) and stomach cancer (KATO III) cells, while no cytotoxicity to several normal cell lines. Arctigenin specifically inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells, which might consequently lead to the induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, this study found that arctigenin was one of cancer specific phytochemicals, and in part responsible for the tumor selective cytotoxicity of the herbal medicine.

Adequate nutrition status important for bone mineral density improvement in a patient with anorexia nervosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nakamura Y

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Yukio Nakamura,1,2 Mikio Kamimura,3 Hidefumi Koiwai,4 Hiroyuki Kato1 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Showa-Inan General Hospital, Komagane, Japan; 3Center of Osteoporosis and Spinal Disorders, Kamimura Orthopedic Clinic, Matsumoto, Japan; 4Koiwai Orthopedic Clinic, Komoro, Japan Abstract: Low bone mineral density (BMD is one of the most frequent complications of anorexia nervosa (AN. We report the clinical outcomes of a female patient with severe AN, whose chest had become deformed due to thoracic fracture. Lumbar BMD was 0.358 g/cm2 (T-score = −6.3, and total hip BMD was 0.411 g/cm2 (T-score = −4.4. Active vitamin D increased these parameters by 81.0% and 57.4%, respectively, but a drop in her nutrition status afterward resulted in a sharp decrease in BMD values. These findings suggest that adequate nutrient intake is essential for effective osteoporosis treatment in patients with AN. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bone mineral density, daily teriparatide, osteoporosis

Rapid Re-Infection with Soil-Transmitted Helminths after Triple-Dose Albendazole Treatment of School-Aged Children in Yunnan, People's Republic of China

Science.gov (United States)

Yap, Peiling; Du, Zun-Wei; Wu, Fang-Wei; Jiang, Jin-Yong; Chen, Ran; Zhou, Xiao-Nong; Hattendorf, Jan; Utzinger, Jürg; Steinmann, Peter

2013-01-01

Post-treatment soil-transmitted helminth re-infection patterns were studied as part of a randomized controlled trial among school-aged children from an ethnic minority group in Yunnan province, People's Republic of China. Children with a soil-transmitted helminth infection (N = 194) were randomly assigned to triple-dose albendazole or placebo and their infection status monitored over a 6-month period using the Kato-Katz and Baermann techniques. Baseline prevalence of Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis were 94.5%, 93.3%, 61.3%, and 3.1%, respectively, with more than half of the participants harboring triple-species infections. For the intervention group (N = 99), the 1-month post-treatment cure rates were 96.7%, 91.5%, and 19.6% for hookworm, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura, respectively. Egg reduction rates were above 88% for all three species. Rapid re-infection with A. lumbricoides was observed: the prevalence 4 and 6 months post-treatment was 75.8% and 83.8%, respectively. Re-infection with hookworm and T. trichiura was considerably slower. PMID:23690551

Risetime discrimination applied to pressurized Xe gas proportional counter for hard x-ray detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujii, Masami; Doi, Kosei

1978-01-01

A high pressure Xe proportional counter has been developed for hard X-ray observation. This counter has better energy-resolving power than a NaI scintillation counter, and the realization of large area is relatively easy. This counter is constructed with a cylindrical aluminum tube, and this tube can be used at 40 atmospheric pressure. The detection efficiency curves were obtained in relation to gas pressure. It is necessary to reduce impurities in the Xe gas to increase the energy-resolving power of the counter. The increase of gas pressure made the resolving power worse. The characteristics of the counter were stable for at least a few months. The wave form discrimination was applied to reduce the background signals such as pulses caused by charged particles and gamma-ray. This method has been used for normal pressure counter, and in the present study, it was applied for the high pressure counter. It was found that the discrimination method was able to be applied to this case. (Kato, T.)

Multiple production around 1000 TeV observed in the emulsion chamber experiments at Mt. Fuji and linkage experiments with air shower

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torii, Syoji

1980-01-01

The multiple production around 1000 TeV is discussed in this paper by using the experimental data at Mt. Fuji and the results of the Monte Carlo simulation. Six events with the total energy more than 1000 TeV were observed in the emulsion chamber (EC) exposed for 600 m 2 year at Mt. Fuji. Various Monte Carlo calculations with the scaling model were performed. The relation between the transverse momentum and The Feynman scaling law is discussed. The frequency of the total gamma energy spectrum and the lateral distribution of the family were compared with the calculation. In the case that protons are dominant in primary cosmic ray, the multiplicity in the interaction increased according to 1/4 th power of energy. In the case of heavy nuclei, the experimental results can be reproduced by assuming the increase of cross-section, when the scaling holds. It is still hard to make definite conclusion on the break of scaling. Simultaneous observation of air family and air shower is proposed. (Kato, T.)

Outgassing characteristics of TiC coated materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sukenobu, S.; Gomay, Y.

1982-01-01

The outgassing characteristics of TiC-coated materials (POCO graphite, and molybdenum) were studied. In the case of molybdenum substrate, thin TiN layer was coated before TiC coating to avoid molybdenum carbide formation. The outgassing characteristics of the sample materials were studied by a baking process at 250 degree C for 24 hours. The samples were inserted in a 304 stainless steel vacuum chamber with a thin aperture, and the gas through-put from this chamber was estimated by measuring the pressure before and after the aperture. A residual gas analyzer was installed on the low pressure side of the aperture. It can be concluded that the out-gassing rate of these TiC-coated materials was about 10 -12 Torr.Fl/s.Fcm"2 after baking at 250 degree C for 24 hours. Residual gas analysis showed that the main outgas species were H 2 and CO after baking. The TiC-coated POCO graphite and molybdenum are applicable to fusion devices as far as the outgassing characteristics are concerned. (Kato, T.)

Intestinal parasitism and socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Brandelli, Clara Lia Costa; de Carli, Geraldo Attilio; Macedo, Alexandre José; Tasca, Tiana

2012-01-01

Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old), and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.

Coping with interpersonal stress and psychological distress at work: comparison of hospital nursing staff and salespeople

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kato T

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Tsukasa Kato Department of Social Psychology, Toyo University, Tokyo, Japan Abstract: Hospital nurses frequently experience relationships with patients as stressors in the workplace. Nurses’ coping behavior is one potential buffering factor that can reduce the effects of job stress on their psychological functioning and well-being. In this study, the association between nurses' strategies for coping with interpersonal stress from patients and their psychological distress was examined. Participants included 204 hospital nurses and 142 salespeople, who were used as a comparison group. Participants completed measures of coping with interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Hospital nurses reported more psychological distress than did salespeople. Moreover, distancing coping was correlated with high psychological distress in both nurses and salespeople, and reassessing coping was correlated with low psychological distress in nurses. For nurses only, constructive coping appeared to be an effective strategy for reducing psychological distress. It is important for nurses to understand the role of constructive coping in nurse–patient communication and interaction. Keywords: nurse, relationships with patients, interpersonal stress, coping behavior, job stress

π0 detection system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Yoichiro

1977-01-01

A π-zero meson detection system used for the measurement of charge exchange reaction is described. The detection of π-zero is made by observing the coincidence events of two gamma-ray emission following the decay of π-zero meson. The angles of the emitted gamma-rays are detected with a wire spark chamber system, and the energies of the gamma-rays are measured with hodoscope type lead glass Cherenkov counters. In front of the π-zero counter system, a lead converter is set, and the incident gamma-rays convert to electron positron pairs, which can be detected with the wire spark chambers. The system is a multi-track detection system. The high voltage pulser of the wire spark chamber system is a charge line thyratron pulser, and the chamber itself is a transmission line type. Read-out can be made by a mag-line system. Wave forms and efficiencies were measured. The three-track efficiency was about 90% by the condenser method and 95% by the charge line method. (Kato, T.)

The log S -log N distribution of gamma ray brust

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamagami, Takamasa; Nishimura, Jun; Fujii, Masami

1982-01-01

The relation between the size S and the frequency N of gamma ray burst has been studied. This relation may be determined from the celestial distribution of gamma ray burst sources. The present analysis gives that the log S - log N relation for any direction is determined by the celestial distribution of gamma ray burst sources. The observed bursts were analyzed. The celestial distribution of gamma ray burst sources was observed by the satellites of USSR. The results showed that the distribution seemed to be isotropic. However, the calculated log S - log N relation based on the isotropic distribution wasF in disagreement with the observed ones. As the result of analysis, it was found that the observed bursts missed low energy part because of the threshold of detectors. The levels of discrimination of detection were not clear. When a proper threshold level is set for each type of burst, and the size of bursts is determined, the above mentioned discrepancy will be deleted regardless of luminosity and the spatial distribution of bursts. (Kato, T.)

Arginase activity in peripheral blood of patients with intestinal schistosomiasis, Wonji, Central Ethiopia.

Science.gov (United States)

Getaneh, A; Tamrat, A; Tadesse, K

2015-07-01

Morbidity and mortality caused by schistosomiasis usually results from immunopathology. But the underlying mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Th2-type immune response is thought to be dominant during chronic schistosomiasis, and upregulation of arginase-I is one component of this milieu. A cohort study was conducted to assess arginase activity in peripheral blood of humans with intestinal schistosomiasis in Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Central Ethiopia. Laboratory-confirmed 30 Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients and 18 apparently healthy controls were recruited. Faecal egg count was carried out by Kato-Katz technique. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood. Activity of arginase in plasma and PBMC lysates was measured, and results were compared with that of controls. Twenty-one of 30 patients had light infection, whereas moderate and heavy intensity infections were observed in eight and only one patient(s), respectively. A significant increase in both PBMC (patients: 59.96 + 82.99, controls: 25.44 + 24.6 mU/mg protein, P intestinal schistosomiasis. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Iwasawa 2012

CERN Document Server

Venjakob, Otmar

2014-01-01

This is the fifth conference in a bi-annual series, following conferences in Besancon, Limoges, Irsee and Toronto. The meeting aims to bring together different strands of research in and closely related to the area of Iwasawa theory. During the week before the conference in a kind of summer school a series of preparatory lectures for young mathematicians was provided as an introduction to Iwasawa theory. Iwasawa theory is a modern and powerful branch of number theory and can be traced back to the Japanese mathematician Kenkichi Iwasawa, who introduced the systematic study of Z_p-extensions and p-adic L-functions, concentrating on the case of ideal class groups. Later this would be generalized to elliptic curves. Over the last few decades considerable progress has been made in automorphic Iwasawa theory, e.g. the proof of the Main Conjecture for GL(2) by Kato and Skinner & Urban. Techniques such as Hida’s theory of p-adic modular forms and big Galois representations play a crucial part. Also a noncommuta...

Observation of near and intermediate infrared galactic radiation by the rocket K-10-14

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hayakawa, Satio; Matsumoto, Toshio; Mizuno, Tomohisa; Murakami, Hiroshi; Noguchi, Kunio

1981-01-01

The spatial and the energy spectra of near and intermediate infrared radiation were observed by using a detector system loaded on a rocket. The detector system is a He-cooled infrared telescope, and consists of an optical system, a cryostat, an electronic system, and a star sensor. The system was loaded on the rocket K-10-14, and the observation was made for about 400 second on August 27, 1980. For the radiation with wavelength of 2.4 mu m and 4.6 mu m, the intensity of galactic light around 338, 9, 15 and 12 degree of galactic longitude was observed. For the wavelength of 7.6, 10.1 and 14.7 mu m, the data around 340 and 10 degree of galactic longitude were obtained. The latitudinal distribution of radiation of 2.4 and 4.6 mu m was measured. After the correction for interstellar absorption, it can be said that the galactic radiation of wavelength between 2.4 mu m and 7.6 mu m was mainly composed of the radiation from light balls of late type stars. (Kato, T.)

Lorentz and CPT invariances and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Beauregard, O.C. de

1984-01-01

This paper shows that there is no conflict between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation and the new 1925 - 55 ''microrelativity principle'' stating the Lorentz and CPT invariance of physical law at the microlevel. The CPT invariance concept is a perfectly legal heir of the 1876 Loschmidt T-invariance concept. Therefore, the EPR-paradox can be understood as synthetizing two earlier ''paradoxes'': the wavelike probability calculus, and the T- or CPT-symmetry of elementary physical processes. The CPT-invariance can be summarized as the basic requirement of second quantization, that particle emission and antiparticle absorption are mathematically equivalent. The phenomenology displays causality as arrowless at the microlevel. The relativistic S-matrix scheme displays the CPT invariance of causality concept at the microlevel. In order to strengthen the point that the Lorentz and CPT invariant schemes of relativistic quantum mechanics do contain the full formalization of the EPR correlation, the covariant calculations pertaining to the subject are presented. The formalization of the EPR correlation and its interpretation are contained in the existing relativistic quantum mechanics. (Kato, T.)

A new method of measurement of trace elements by using particle beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumoto, Shinji

1982-01-01

A new method of measurement of light elements by using the particle beam from an accelerator was developed. This paper reports on the results of analyses of N-15 and O-18. The tandem accelerator of University of Tokyo was used to accelerate proton beam. The energy of protons was determined from the excitation curves of elastic scattering by N-15, O-18 and O-16. The scattering by O-16 was background count. Therefore, The measurement was made at the energy of small background and large true counting. Biological samples were examined. The linearity of counts with the concentration of N-15 and O-18 was confirmed. The cells which contain glycine (O-18, 71.8 percent) and methionine (N-15, 95 percent) were analyzed. The peaks of N-15 and O-18 were well separated from teh peaks by N-14 and O-16. The natural amounts of N-15 in adenine and O-18 in glucose were also measured. The resonance reaction method of measurement by using particle beam was developed. (Kato, T.)

Measurement of stopping power of heavy ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kitahara, Tetsuo

1981-01-01

The stopping power of heavy ions is discussed. In the low energy region, heavy ions keep some of their orbital electrons, and have equilibrium electron charge. The stopping power of penetrating particles depends on this effective charge. At present, it is hard to estimate this effective charge theoretically, accordingly, the estimation is made experimentally. Another difficulty in this estimation is that the Born approximation is not effective for heavy ions. In the low energy region, electronic stopping and nuclear stopping contribute to the stopping power. For the electronic stopping, a formula for the stopping power was given by Lindhard et al. The experimental values were obtained at GSI, and are inconsistent with the estimation by the Lindhard's formula. In the high energy region, where the Born approximation can be used, the Bethe's formula is applied, but the experimental data are scarce. Oscillations are seen in the Z dependence graph of the experimental stopping cross sections. Experimental works on the stopping power have been done. The differential and the integral methods were carried out. (Kato, T.)

New techniques of positron annihilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-02-01

Studies on new techniques of positron annihilation and its application to various fields are presented. First, production of slow positron and its characteristic features are described. The slow positron can be obtained from radioisotopes by using a positron moderator, proton beam bombardment on a boron target, and pair production by using an electron linear accelerator. Bright enhancement of the slow positron beam is studied. Polarized positron beam can be used for the study of the momentum distribution of an electron in ferromagnetic substances. Production of polarized positrons and measurements of polarization are discussed. Various phases of interaction between slow positrons and atoms (or molecules) are described. A comparative study of electron scavenging effects on luminescence and on positronium formation in cyclohexane is presented. The positron annihilation phenomena are applicable for the surface study. The microscopic information on the surface of porous material may be obtained. The slow positrons are also useful for the surface study. Production and application of slow muon (positive and negative) are presented in this report. (Kato, T.)

Heat structural problems in JT-60

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takatsu, Hideyuki; Shimizu, Masaomi; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Nakamura, Hiroo; Miyauchi, Yasuyuki.

1980-01-01

The construction of JT-60 is in progress to study the behavior of hydrogen plasma. The D-T reaction does not occur in this device, therefore the considerations for neutron damage, tritium leakage and so on are not necessary. The long-pulse operation will be done, and the suppression of the production and mixing of impurity is considered in the design of the JT-60. The high temperature baking is possible, and the magnetic limiter is set. The vacuum container has the complex structure consists of 8 sector type thick rings and 8 U-shaped bellows, and has egg-shaped cross section. The main radius of the torus is about 3 m. The material of the vacuum container is INCONEL 625. The analyses of various stresses due to such as atmospheric pressure, eddy current and thermal expansion were made. It is also necessary to consider the thermal stress due to the leakage of neutral beam. The thermal input of about 20 MW per one discharge to the first wall is taken into consideration. The material of the first wall is molybdenum. (Kato, T.)

Report on the work of the 'Monte Carlo Event Generation' subgroup

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abe, K.

1981-01-01

The work of the Monte Carlo Event Generation includes the preparation of programs, jet simulation, track generation in chambers, and the pattern recognition of tracks and track fitting. Some general results from the jet simulation by Ali et al. are given. The total energy used was 60 GeV, and the top quark mass was assumed to be 25 GeV. The multiplicity of charged particles and photons is shown. The multiplicity increased with the number of jets. The energy spectra and the trajectories of charged particles and photons were obtained. The distribution of the opening angle of any two photons is also presented. The track generation program used is GEANT from CERN. This program was adapted to the KEK computer. Pattern recognition and track fitting are based on the tracking device. The program considered was that by DELCO group at SLAC. The tracking device consists of a MWPC and a cylindrical drift chamber with wires along the beam direction Z and wires inclined at a stereo angle. Some comments on vertex detectors are given. (Kato, T.)

Film thickness in gas-liquid two-phase flow, (2)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sekoguchi, Kotohiko; Fukano, Toru; Kawakami, Yasushi; Shimizu, Hideo.

1977-01-01

The effect of four rectangular obstacles inserted into a circular tube has been studied in gas-liquid two-phase flow. The obstacles are set on the inner wall of the tube, and the ratio of the opening is 0.6. The water film flows partially through the obstacles. The minimum thickness of water film was measured in relation to flow speed. The serious effect of the obstacles was seen against the formation of water film, and drainage under the obstacles and backward flow play important roles. Since water film can flow partially through the obstacles, the film in case of the rectangular obstacles in thicker than that in case of an orifice when the gas flow speed was slower than 5 m/s. However, when the gas flow speed is over 5 m/s, the film thickness was thinner. The minimum film thickness of downstream of the obstacles was almost same as that in case of no obstacle. The minimum film thickness of up stream depends on the location of measurement due to the effect of drainage. (Kato, T.)

Investigation of collisional excitation-transfer processes in a plasma by laser perturbation method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakurai, Takeki

1983-01-01

The theoretical background and the experimental method of the laser perturbation method applied to the study of collisional excitation transfer process in plasma are explained. The atomic density at some specified level can be evaluated theoretically. By using the theoretical results and the experimentally obtained data, the total attenuation probability, the collisional transfer probability and natural emission probability were estimated. For the experiments, continuous wave laser (cw) and pulse laser are employed. It is possible by using pulse dye laser to observe the attenuation curve directly, and to bring in resonance to any atomic spectra. At the beginning, the experimental studies were made on He-Ne discharge. The pulse dye laser has been used for the excitation of alkali atoms. The first application of pulse laser to the study of plasma physics was the study on He. The cross section of disalignment has also been studied by the laser perturbation. The alignment of atoms, step and cascade transfer, the confinement of radiation and optogalvanic effect are discussed in this paper. (Kato, T.)

Space experiments with particle accelerators: SEPAC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obayashi, T.

1978-01-01

In this paper, the program of the space experiments with particle accelerators (SEPAC) is described. The SEPAC is to be prepared for the Space Shuttle/First Spacelab Mission. It is planned in the SEPAC to carry out the active and interactive experiments on and in the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. It is also intended to make an initial performance test for the overall program of Spacelab/SEPAC experiments. The instruments to be used are electron beam accelerators, MPD arcjects, and associated diagnostic equipments. The main scientific objectives of the experiments are Vehicle Charge Neutralization, Beam Plasma Physics, and Beam Atmosphere Interactions. The SEPAC system consists of the following subsystems. Those are accelerators, monitoring and diagnostic equipments, and control and data management equipments. The SEPAC functional objectives for experiment operations are SEPAC system checkout, EBA firing test, MPD firing test, electron beam experiments, plasma beam propagation, artificial aurora excitation, equatorial aerochemistry, electron echo experiment, E parallel B experiment, passive experiments, SEPAC system deactivation, and battery charging. Most experiment procedures are carried out by the pre-set computer program. (Kato, T.)

Re-evaluation of schistosomiasis mansoni in Minas Gerais, Brazil. III. "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion.

Science.gov (United States)

Carvalho, O S; Massara, C L; Guerra, H L; Campos, Y R; Caldeira, R L; Chaves, A; Katz, N

1998-01-01

This study was conducted to assess the presence of schistosomiasis mansoni in the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion, an area considered non-endemic. A malacologic survey and parasitologic stool examinations were undertaken in 13 municipalities of the mesoregion. A sample of 3,283 primary school students was submitted to fecal examination by the Kato-Katz method. A total of 3,627 planorbids was collected and examined. The molluscs were identified as Biomphalaria straminea in seven municipalities (Unaí, Bonfinópolis de Minas, Paracatu, Jaão Pinheiro, Vazante, Lagamar and Lagoa Grande) and as Biomphalaria peregrina in one (Presidente Olegário). All planorbids were negative for Schistosoma mansoni. Four students were diagnosed with schistosomiasis in the municipalities of Buritis, Formoso, Paracatu and Unaí, but none of these cases was considered autochthonous. The data obtained indicate that the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion continues to be non-endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni, although the presence of intermediate hosts associated with parasitized individuals emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis in this mesoregion.

RE-EVALUATION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. III. "NOROESTE DE MINAS" MESOREGION

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CARVALHO Omar S.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to assess the presence of schistosomiasis mansoni in the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion, an area considered non-endemic. A malacologic survey and parasitologic stool examinations were undertaken in 13 municipalities of the mesoregion. A sample of 3,283 primary school students was submitted to fecal examination by the Kato-Katz method. A total of 3,627 planorbids was collected and examined. The molluscs were identified as Biomphalaria straminea in seven municipalities (Unaí, Bonfinópolis de Minas, Paracatu, João Pinheiro, Vazante, Lagamar and Lagoa Grande and as Biomphalaria peregrina in one (Presidente Olegário. All planorbids were negative for Schistosoma mansoni. Four students were diagnosed with schistosomiasis in the municipalities of Buritis, Formoso, Paracatu and Unaí, but none of these cases was considered autochthonous. The data obtained indicate that the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion continues to be non-endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni, although the presence of intermediate hosts associated with parasitized individuals emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis in this mesoregion.

Coinfection of intestinal schistosomiasis and malaria and association with haemoglobin levels and nutritional status in school children in Mara region, Northwestern Tanzania: a cross-sectional exploratory study.

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Kinung'hi, Safari M; Mazigo, Humphrey D; Dunne, David W; Kepha, Stella; Kaatano, Godfrey; Kishamawe, Coleman; Ndokeji, Samuel; Angelo, Teckla; Nuwaha, Fred

2017-11-09

Schistosomiasis represents a major public health problem in Tanzania despite ongoing national control efforts. This study examined whether intestinal schistosomiasis is associated with malaria and assessed the contribution of intestinal schistosomiasis and malaria on anaemia and undernutrition in school children in Mara region, North-western Tanzania. Stool samples were collected from each of 928 school children randomly selected from 5 schools and examined for intestinal schistosomiasis using the Kato Katz method. Finger prick blood samples were collected and examined for malaria parasites and haemoglobin concentrations using the Giemsa stain and Haemocue methods, respectively. Nutritional status was assessed by taking anthropometric measurements. The overall prevalence and infection intensity of S. mansoni was 85.6% (794/928) and 192 (100-278), respectively. The prevalence of malaria was 27.4% (254/928) with significant differences among villages (χ 2  = 96.11, p malaria are prevalent in Mara region. Coinfections of these parasites as well as chronic undernutrition were also common. We recommend Mara region to be included in national schistosomiasis control programmes.

Study of weak interaction with p-p colliding beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arafune, Jiro; Sugawara, Hirotaka

1975-01-01

Weak interaction in the energy range of TRISTAN project is discussed. The cross-section of production of weak boson in p-p reaction was calculated with the parton model. The observation of weak boson may be possible. The production rate of neutral weak boson was also estimated on the basis of the Weinberg model, and was almost same as that of weak boson. The method of observation of weak boson is suggested. The direct method is the observation of lepton pair due to the decay of neutral weak boson. It is expected that the spectrum of decay products (+ -) in the decay of weak boson shows a characteristic feature, and it shows the existence of weak boson. Weak interaction makes larger contribution in case of large momentum transfer than electromagnetic interaction. When the momentum transfer is larger than 60 GeV/c, the contribution of weak interaction is dominant over the others. Therefore, the experiments at high energy will give informations concerning the relations among the interactions of elementary particles. Possibility of study on the Higgs scalar meson is also discussed. (Kato, T.)

High prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in six health areas of - Kasansa health zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo: short report.

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Sylvie Linsuke

2014-12-01

Full Text Available School-aged children suffer the most from schistosomiasis infection in sub Saharan Africa due to poverty and limited sanitary conditions. Mapping of disease burden is recommended and there is a need of updating prevalence data which is as old as 20 years in the Democratic Republic of Congo. An epidemiological and parasitological study was carried out in 2011 in the health zone of Kasansa. Six health areas (HA were included in the study. In each health area, one primary school was selected. School-aged children were screened for S. mansoni infection using parallel Kato-Katz and direct microscopy techniques. A total of 335 school-aged children were screened. The average prevalence was 82.7% and ranged between 59.5-94.9%. Four of the six HAs had a prevalence level over 91%. Of all infected children, about half 112 (43.2% had light parasite density. These results demonstrate that Schistosoma mansoni infection is a bigger problem than anticipated and there is an urgent need to implement effective control measures.

Analysis of target implosion irradiated by proton beam, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tamba, Moritake; Nagata, Norimasa; Kawata, Shigeo; Niu, Keishiro.

1982-10-01

Numerical simulation and analysis were performed for the implosion of a hollow shell target driven by proton beam. The target consists of three layers of Pb, Al and DT. As the Al layer is heated by proton beam, the layer expands and pushes the DT layer toward the target center. To obtain the optimal velocity of DT implosion, the optimal target size and optimal layer thickness were determined. The target size is determined by, for example, the instability of the implosion or beam focusing on the target surface. The Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the unstable implosion due to the inhomogeneity were investigated. Dissipation, nonlinear effects and density gradient at the boundary were expected to reduce the growth rate of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability during the implosion. In order that the deviation of the boundary surface during the implosion is less than the thickness of fuel, the inhomogeneity of the temperature and the density of the target should be less than ten percent. The amplitude of the boundary surface roughness is required to be less than 4 micrometer. (Kato, T.)

PREVALENCE OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS, MALARIA AND SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS IN A COMMUNITY OF BARDIYA DISTRICT, WESTERN NEPAL.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranjitkar, Samir; Alifrangis, Michael; Adhikari, Madhav; Olsen, Annette; Simonsen, Paul E; Meyrowitsch, Dan Wolf

2014-11-01

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), malaria and soil transmitted helminthiasis (STH) cause major health problems in Nepal, but in spite of this very few stud- ies have been carried out on these parasitic infections in Nepal. A cross sectional survey of all three categories of parasitic infections was carried out in Deuda- kala Village of Bardiya District, western Nepal. A total of 510 individuals aged 5 years and above were examined from finger prick blood for circulating filarial antigen (CFA), malaria antigen using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and malaria DNA using a PCR-based assay. In addition, 317 individuals were examined for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs by the Kato-Katz technique. Prevalence of LF, malaria (antigen) and STH infection was 25.1%, 0.6% and 18.3%, respectively. PCR analysis did not detect any additional malaria cases. The prevalence of LF and STH infections differ significantly among different age groups and ethnic communities. The high prevalence of LF in the community studied indicates an immediate need for implementing a mass drug administration program for its control in this particular geographical area of Nepal.

Diversity of human intestinal helminthiasis in Lao PDR.

Science.gov (United States)

Sayasone, Somphou; Vonghajack, Youthanavane; Vanmany, Monely; Rasphone, Oroth; Tesana, Smarn; Utzinger, Jürg; Akkhavong, Kongsap; Odermatt, Peter

2009-03-01

Food-borne trematodiasis is an emerging public health problem, including in Lao PDR. We investigated the diversity of intestinal helminthes and polyparasitism in patients with hepatobiliary or intestinal symptoms in hospital and community-based surveys. Stool samples from 232 individuals aged >or=15 years were examined by the Kato-Katz method (three samples) and a formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (one sample). Opisthorchis viverrini and minute intestinal flukes (MIF) were common, with prevalences of 86.2% and 62.9%, respectively. Hookworm was the predominant soil-transmitted helminth (65.9%). The prevalences of Taenia spp., Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura were 22.8%, 10.3% and 8.6%, respectively. Additionally, 97 individuals were purged; O. viverrini and Haplorchis taichui were found in 95 and 76 participants, respectively. Other trematodes included Phaneropsolus bonnei (22.7%), Prosthodendrium molenkampi (14.4%), Haplorchis pumilio (5.2%), Haplorchis yokogawai (3.1%) and Echinochasmus japonicus (3.1%). Co-infection with O. viverrini and MIFs was rampant (81.4%). Polytrematode infection is highly prevalent in Lao PDR and hence requires urgent attention.

School-based control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in western Visayas, Philippines.

Science.gov (United States)

Belizario, V Y; Totañes, F I G; de Leon, W U; Matias, K M H

2014-05-01

We evaluated the effect of a local government unit-led, school-based, teacher-assisted mass drug administration (MDA) treatment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) on the morbidity of school children in selected provinces of western Visayas, the Philippines. Parasitological assessment was done on stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique. Nutritional status and school performance were also evaluated using secondary data from the Department of Education. The overall prevalence of STH decreased from 71.1% to 44.3% (p < 0.0001) and the prevalence of heavy infection with STH decreased from 40.5% to 14.5% (p < 0.0001), after two years of biannual MDA. The prevalence of underweight children decreased from 26.2% to 17.8% (p < 0.0001) and the prevalence of stunted children decreased from 20.9% to 16.6% (p < 0.0001) after two years of biannual MDA. School performance improved on standardized testing from a mean percentage of 53.8% to 64.6%. Advocacy, social mobilization, strong local government support and intersectoral collaboration with other agencies probably contributed to the success of the program.

One hundred years of instrumental phonetic fieldwork on North America Indian languages

Science.gov (United States)

McDonough, Joyce

2005-04-01

A resurgence of interest in phonetic fieldwork on generally morphologically complex North American Indian languages over the last 15 years is a continuation of a tradition started a century ago with the Earle Pliny Goddard, who collected kymographic and palatographic field-data between 1906-1927 on several Athabaskan languages: Coastal Athabaskan (Hupa and Kato), Apachean (Mescalero, Jicarilla, White Mountain, San Juan Carlos Apache), and several Athabaskan languages in Northern Canada (Cold Lake and Beaver); data that remains important for its record of segmental timing profiles and rare articulatory documentation in then largely monolingual communities. This data in combination with new work has resulted in the emergence of a body of knowledge of these typologically distinct families that often challenge notions of phonetic universality and typology. Using the Athabaskan languages as benchmark example and starting with Goddard's work, two types of emergent typological patterns will be discussed; the persistence of fine-grained timing and duration details across the widely dispersed family, and the broad variation in prosodic types that exists, both of which are unaccounted for by phonetic or phonological theories.

Flavor dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kobayashi, Makoto

1980-01-01

The problems on quark mass and mixing angle are discussed. All discussions are made in the tree approximation, and no renormalization problem is considered. The basic quantities of the Weinberg-Salam (W-S) model are introduced. The model is SU(2) x U(1) gauge theory. The way of constructing the quark parts of Lagrangian, especially their mass terms, is described. The four-quark case is illustrated at first, then the discussion is extended to the general case. As a result, the number of parameters of the Cabibbolike mixing is obtained. The possibility of CP-violation is discussed. Phenomenological analyses are made to determine the parameters. The nuclear beta-decay and semileptonic decay, neutral K-meson system, and the possibility of CP-violation in the six-quark scheme are investigated. In order to understand the close relation between quark mass and mixing angle, the origin of quark mass term is investigated. The original Higgs coupling determines both the quark mass and mixing angle. A remarkable relation is deduced by assuming discrete symmetry. (Kato, T.)

Transformation method for the MIRD absorbed fractions as applied to various physiques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaguchi, Hiroshi

1978-01-01

This study concerns with the transformation method of the MIRD absorbed fraction (AF) to the AF corresponding to an individual having the dimensions different from those of the MIRD standard man. The absorbed dose of a target organ T from a source organs S, received by the administration of a radiopharmaceutical agent is expressed with the equilibrium absorbed dose constant, the cumulative activity in the S, and the specific absorbed fraction (SAF). It is dealt only with how the MIRD SAF data can be modified for estimating individual SAF values. The SAF for individuals is given for penetrating and non-penetrating radiations. In case of the penetrating radiation, the SAF is given from the corresponding MIRD SAF by using a transformation coefficient for the MIRD SAF, when the MIRD standard man is transfigured to a corresponding phantom of an individual by the scale factors selected separately for the head section, trunk section and leg section of the MIRD standard man. The obtained results were compared with the ORNL results, and showed good agreement. (Kato, T.)

Thermoluminescent monitoring of the solar ultraviolet radiation with KCl: Eu{sup 2+} crystals; Monitoreo termoluminiscente de la radiacion solar ultravioleta con cristales de KCl: Eu{sup 2+}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chernov, V.; Melendrez, R.; Barboza F, M. [Centro de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, A.P. 5-88, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)

2000-07-01

In this work it has been investigating the Tl properties of KCl: Eu{sup 2+} subjected to solar direct radiation. Also it was realized irradiation with the Deuterium and Xenon lamps. It was used a set of filters and a Katos monochromator 0.25 M to determine the spectral response to Tl peaks and a study of them with respect to the duration of the Sun irradiation. After of the Sun irradiation the Tl curves show several peaks between the ambient temperature and 673 K. The relation between peaks depends strongly of the irradiation time and the different solar light wavelength. It is possible to divide the Tl peaks in two groups. The first one (T<473 K) is very sensitive to ultraviolet radiation but it is strongly affected by visible light. The second one (T>473 K) is not too sensitive but is more stable under optical whitening. Here the obtained results are discussed with respect to UV dosemeters development for environment which facilitate to obtain direct measurements of the UV index. (Author)

Present status and problems concerning measurement of environmental radioactivity, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueda, Yasushi

1975-01-01

In case of seaweeds, the amount of impurities such as sand and shells is 25% at most, and in case of mussels, the maximum error due to impurities is 35%. For the measurement, the required amount of samples is more than 1 Kg. The procedures of pre-treatment are as follows, washing and removal of sand and shells, removal of water, weighing, drying, ash making, screening by a sieve, and weighing the ash. In case of the treatment of large amount of samples, it is impossible to remove impurities completely in the course of the above procedures. Efforts to remove sand and shells were tried by using fingers. The amount of impurities thus removed was 25% in green laver samples. The mixing ratio of impurities was observed for the samples of plankton, green laver, wakame (a kind of laminarian seaweed), hondawara (a kind of laminarian seaweed), mussel, short necked clam, abalone, shrimp, lobster jack mackerel, and croaker. These amounts should be considered for the analysis of activity in samples. (Kato, T.)

Restoration of tumor suppressor miR-34 inhibits human p53-mutant gastric cancer tumorspheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ji, Qing; Hao, Xinbao; Meng, Yang; Zhang, Min; DeSano, Jeffrey; Fan, Daiming; Xu, Liang

2008-01-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), some of which function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, are involved in carcinogenesis via regulating cell proliferation and/or cell death. MicroRNA miR-34 was recently found to be a direct target of p53, functioning downstream of the p53 pathway as a tumor suppressor. miR-34 targets Notch, HMGA2, and Bcl-2, genes involved in the self-renewal and survival of cancer stem cells. The role of miR-34 in gastric cancer has not been reported previously. In this study, we examined the effects of miR-34 restoration on p53-mutant human gastric cancer cells and potential target gene expression. Human gastric cancer cells were transfected with miR-34 mimics or infected with the lentiviral miR-34-MIF expression system, and validated by miR-34 reporter assay using Bcl-2 3'UTR reporter. Potential target gene expression was assessed by Western blot for proteins, and by quantitative real-time RT-PCR for mRNAs. The effects of miR-34 restoration were assessed by cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, caspase-3 activation, and cytotoxicity assay, as well as by tumorsphere formation and growth. Human gastric cancer Kato III cells with miR-34 restoration reduced the expression of target genes Bcl-2, Notch, and HMGA2. Bcl-2 3'UTR reporter assay showed that the transfected miR-34s were functional and confirmed that Bcl-2 is a direct target of miR-34. Restoration of miR-34 chemosensitized Kato III cells with a high level of Bcl-2, but not MKN-45 cells with a low level of Bcl-2. miR-34 impaired cell growth, accumulated the cells in G1 phase, increased caspase-3 activation, and, more significantly, inhibited tumorsphere formation and growth. Our results demonstrate that in p53-deficient human gastric cancer cells, restoration of functional miR-34 inhibits cell growth and induces chemosensitization and apoptosis, indicating that miR-34 may restore p53 function. Restoration of miR-34 inhibits tumorsphere formation and growth, which is reported to be

Avaliação da esquistossomose e de outras parasitoses intestinais, em escolares do município de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil Evaluation of the schistosomiasis and others intestinal parasitosis in the school children of Bambuí county, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Sena Rocha

2000-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a prevalência das parasitoses em escolares de Bambuí, através de exames coprológicos (direto e Kato-Katz e reavaliar os criadouros de moluscos descritos no município. Dos 2.901 escolares examinados, 20,1% estavam parasitados, sendo que Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Ascaris lumbricoides e ancilostomídeos foram os parasitas mais freqüentes, com prevalências de 6,2%, 6,2%, 4,8% e 1,4%, respectivamente. Os ancilostomídeos foram significativamente mais freqüentes na zona rural e nos alunos com mais de 14 anos, enquanto a prevalência da E. coli foi maior na zona urbana e a G. lamblia mais freqüente na faixa etária de 0-6 anos. Somente três crianças eliminavam ovos de Schistosoma mansoni. O único hospedeiro intermediário encontrado foi a Biomphalaria glabrata e nenhuma delas estava eliminando cercárias de S. mansoni . Comparando-se estes dados a de levantamentos realizados anteriormente no município, observou-se uma queda na prevalência de todos os parasitas. Algumas hipóteses para tentar explicar esta queda são discutidas tais como: processo intenso de urbanização e a melhoria das condições sócio-sanitárias do município.This work was carried out with the purpose of determining the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses in the school children of Bambuí, through parasitological examinations (direct and Kato-Katz methods and reevaluating the snails' breeding places described in the county. Of the 2,091 school children examined, 20.1% had at least one parasitic infection. Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm are the most frequent parasites, with a prevalence of 6.2%, 6.2%, 4.8% and 1.4%, respectively. The hookworms were significantly more frequent among students from the rural area and in those aged over 14 years, while the prevalence of E. coli was greater in the urban area and the G. lamblia was more frequent in children under 6 years old. Only three

Viscoelastic Earthquake Cycle Simulation with Memory Variable Method

Science.gov (United States)

Hirahara, K.; Ohtani, M.

2017-12-01

There have so far been no EQ (earthquake) cycle simulations, based on RSF (rate and state friction) laws, in viscoelastic media, except for Kato (2002), who simulated cycles on a 2-D vertical strike-slip fault, and showed nearly the same cycles as those in elastic cases. The viscoelasticity could, however, give more effects on large dip-slip EQ cycles. In a boundary element approach, stress is calculated using a hereditary integral of stress relaxation function and slip deficit rate, where we need the past slip rates, leading to huge computational costs. This is a cause for almost no simulations in viscoelastic media. We have investigated the memory variable method utilized in numerical computation of wave propagation in dissipative media (e.g., Moczo and Kristek, 2005). In this method, introducing memory variables satisfying 1st order differential equations, we need no hereditary integrals in stress calculation and the computational costs are the same order of those in elastic cases. Further, Hirahara et al. (2012) developed the iterative memory variable method, referring to Taylor et al. (1970), in EQ cycle simulations in linear viscoelastic media. In this presentation, first, we introduce our method in EQ cycle simulations and show the effect of the linear viscoelasticity on stick-slip cycles in a 1-DOF block-SLS (standard linear solid) model, where the elastic spring of the traditional block-spring model is replaced by SLS element and we pull, in a constant rate, the block obeying RSF law. In this model, the memory variable stands for the displacement of the dash-pot in SLS element. The use of smaller viscosity reduces the recurrence time to a minimum value. The smaller viscosity means the smaller relaxation time, which makes the stress recovery quicker, leading to the smaller recurrence time. Second, we show EQ cycles on a 2-D dip-slip fault with the dip angel of 20 degrees in an elastic layer with thickness of 40 km overriding a Maxwell viscoelastic half

Turbulence modeling for mass transfer enhancement by separation and reattachment with two-equation eddy-viscosity models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiong Jinbiao; Koshizuka, Seiichi; Sakai, Mikio

2011-01-01

Highlights: → We selected and evaluated five two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for modeling the separated and reattaching flow. → The behavior of the models in the simple flow is not consistent with that in the separated and reattaching flow. → The Abe-Kondoh-Nagano model is the best one among the selected model. → Application of the stress limiter and the Kato-Launder modification in the Abe-Kondoh-Nagano model helps to improve prediction of the peak mass transfer coefficient in the orifice flow. → The value of turbulent Schmidt number is investigated. - Abstract: The prediction of mass transfer rate is one of the key elements for estimation of the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) rate. Three low Reynolds number (LRN) k-ε models (Lam-Bremhorst (LB), Abe-Kondoh-Nagano (AKN) and Hwang-Lin (HL)), one LRN k-ω (Wilcox, WX) model and the k-ω SST model are tested for the computation of the high Schmidt number mass transfer, especially in the flow through an orifice. The models are tested in the computation of three types of flow: (1) the fully developed pipe flow, (2) the flow over a backward facing step, (3) the flow through an orifice. The HL model shows a good performance in predicting mass transfer in the fully developed pipe flow but fails to give reliable prediction in the flow through an orifice. The WX model and the k-ω SST model underpredict the mass transfer rate in the flow types 1 and 3. The LB model underestimates the mass transfer in the flow type 1, but shows abnormal behavior at the reattaching point in type 3. Synthetically evaluating all the models in all the computed case, the AKN model is the best one; however, the prediction is still not satisfactory. In the evaluation in the flow over a backward facing step shows k-ω SST model shows superior performance. This is interpreted as an implication that the combination of the k-ε model and the stress limiter can improve the model behavior in the recirculation bubble. Both the

Chapter VII. The oxidation of ethylene line glycerin and of dihydro pyranol. A. General part(theoretical); Glava VII. Okislenie glitserinov etilenovogo ryada i digidropiranolov. A. Obshaya chast'(teoreticheskaya)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikitin, V I

1961-07-01

In this chapter of book author made conclusion that off-peak compounds obligatory will oxidize above all with breach on place of off-peak connection are incorrect against to off-peak compounds, in which unsaturated carbons connected with oxygen containing carbons.

A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements.

Science.gov (United States)

Powers, Chelsea N; Setzer, William N

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements. In this study, 568 phytochemicals found in 17 of the most popular herbal supplements sold in the United States were built and docked with two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ (a total of 27 different protein crystal structures). The docking results revealed six strongly docking compounds in Echinacea, three from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), three from Gingko biloba, one from Sambucus nigra, none from maca (Lepidium meyenii), five from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), two from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and two from Rhodiola rosea. Notably, of the most popular herbal supplements for women, there were numerous compounds that docked strongly with the estrogen receptor: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) had a total of 26 compounds strongly docking to the estrogen receptor, 15 with wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), 11 from black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), eight from muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum), eight from red clover (Trifolium pratense), three from damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca or T. diffusa), and three from dong quai (Angelica sinensis). Of possible concern were the compounds from men's herbal supplements that exhibited strong docking to the estrogen receptor: Gingko biloba had three compounds, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had two, muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum) had eight, and Tribulus terrestris had six compounds. This molecular docking study has revealed that almost all popular herbal supplements contain phytochemical components that may bind to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation. As such, these herbal supplements may cause unwanted side effects related to estrogenic activity.

The value of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of climacteric symptoms: results of a survey among German gynecologists.

Science.gov (United States)

von Studnitz, Friederike S G; Eulenburg, Christine; Mueck, Alfred O; Buhling, Kai J

2013-10-01

The present study aims to detect the attitude and experience towards complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the treatment of climacteric disorders among gynecologists in Germany. A self-administered questionnaire, containing 15 questions, was sent to all gynecologists in private practice in Germany (n=9589). Gynecologists were asked about their experience with several forms of CAM. They were asked to rate different procedures as "effective", "sometimes effective" or "unimportant". The response rate was 33.7% (n=3227). We report on 2549 (26.6%) eligible questionnaires. Well-known therapies were black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), chaste tree (Vitex agnus castus) and St. John's wort. More than 98% had had experiences with these therapies. Fewer experiences were stated with hormone-yoga (42.9%), acupuncture (29.1%) and homeopathy (21.6%). The most effective alternative therapy rated was an alteration of lifestyle with 54.4% (n=1325) stating it was effective and 35.7% (n=871) stating it was sometimes effective. Only 3.9% (n=96) prescribed no efficacy to a change of lifestyle. Other treatments rated as effective were St. John's wort (25.0%, n=606) and Black cohosh (21.1%, n=527). Agents regarded most ineffective were hormone-yoga (4.7%, n=109), acupuncture (10.3%, n=243) and homeopathy (10.6%, n=250). Female gynecologists were more likely to vote for a therapy to be effective compared to their male colleagues. German gynecologists seem to have made positive experiences with CAM when observing their patients, in general. An alteration of lifestyle is seen as the most effective alternative therapy in menopause. Due to their widespread use, possible side effect of natural agents should be excluded. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of a combination of Hypericum perforatum and Vitex agnus-castus on PMS-like symptoms in late-perimenopausal women: findings from a subpopulation analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

van Die, Margaret Diana; Bone, Kerry M; Burger, Henry G; Reece, John E; Teede, Helena J

2009-09-01

It has been suggested that some of the symptoms typically attributed to menopause may be more related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) than menopause, as perimenopausal women appear to be more prone to PMS-like symptoms, or at least to tolerate them less well. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a phytotherapeutic intervention comprising a combination of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) and Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree/berry) in the management of PMS-like symptoms in perimenopausal women. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel trial was conducted over 16 weeks on menopause-related symptoms. Data on PMS-like symptoms were collected at 4-weekly intervals from a small subgroup of late-perimenopausal women (n = 14) participating in this study. The primary endpoint was PMS scores measured on the Abrahams Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire, comprising the subclusters of PMS-A (anxiety), PMS-D (depression), PMS-H (hydration), and PMS-C (cravings). Herbal combination therapy or placebo tablets were administered twice daily. At the end of the 16-week treatment phase, analyses of covariance showed the herbal combination to be superior to placebo for total PMS-like scores (p = 0.02), PMS-D (p = 0.006), and PMS-C clusters (p = 0.027). The active treatment group also showed significant reductions in the anxiety (p = 0.003) and hydration (p = 0.002) clusters, using paired-samples t tests. Results of trend analyses showed significant treatment group effects across the five phases for total PMS and all subscales, all in the clinically expected direction. No significant trends were evident in the placebo group. These results suggest a potentially significant clinical application for this phytotherapeutic combination in PMS-like symptoms among perimenopausal women. Further research is warranted through a randomized, controlled trial dedicated to investigation of these symptoms.

Special Nuclear Material Control by the Power Reactor Operator; Controle des Matieres Nucleaires Speciales par l'Exploitant d'une Centrale Nucleaire; Spetsial'nyj kontrol' nalichiya yadernykh materialov operatorom ehnergeticheskogo reaktora; Control de Materiales Nucleares Especiales por Parte de Quienes Operan el Reactor de Potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cordin, R. A. [Yankee Atomic Electric Company, Boston, MA (United States)

1966-02-15

debido a un control deficiente de los combustibles nucleares y a la falta de precision en las operaciones contables. La administracion de materiales nucleares requiere que los explotadores de los reactores de potencia lleven una contabilidad completa y detallada. No es necesario que los documentos sean complejos si lo que se pretende es que sean completos y adecuados. En realidad, la sencillez es sobremanera conveniente. A pesar de que el combustible nuclear es un combustible nuevo y totalmente distinto de los de tipo tradicional, no hay que rodear su utilizacion de ninguna aureola de misterio. El control de los materiales nucleares no es una simple labor de inventario, sino que constituye la base de muchas otras operaciones inherentes a la explotacion de los reactores de potencia, por ejemplo: el transporte del combustible irradiado, su regeneracion con la correspondiente contabilizacion del combustible recuperado y del material producido durante el funcionamiento del reactor, y, por ultimo, el establecimiento de un sistema de seguros adecuado. (author) [Russian] Otnositel'no novoe i chrezvychajno cennoe toplivo dlja proizvodstva jelektrojenergii, a imenno uran, trebuet ochen' tshhatel'nogo ucheta s momenta, kogda operator reaktora prinimaet na sebja material'nuju otvetstvennost' za jetot material, i do togo momenta, kogda jetot material v vide chastichno otrabotannogo topliva peredaetsja na druguju ustanovku, gde regeneriruetsja ostavshajasja chast' ego pervonachal'noj cennosti. Bol'shaja chast' operatorov jenergeticheskih reaktorov, do pojavlenija v svet jadernoj jenergetiki, rabotala na jelektrostancijah s obychnym iskopaemym toplivom i /zhe davno vyrabotala dostatochno polnye i nadezhnye formy kontrolja za ego rashodovaniem. Operator reaktora dolzhen raspolagat' ne menee nadezhnymi sposobami ucheta jadernyh materialov, ispol'zuemyh na ego ustanovke. Jekspluatacija jenergeticheskih reaktorov ne imeet bol'shoj istorii, i na protjazhenii otnositel'no korotkogo perioda

Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the city of Portoviejo (Ecuador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C Andrade

2001-11-01

Full Text Available We studied the stool samples of 151 school children in a district of the city of Portoviejo (Ecuador in order to determine the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH and their relationships with anthropometric indices. The samples were analyzed with the semiquantitative Kato-Katz technique and the intensity of infections was categorized as light, moderate or high according to the thresholds set by the World Health Organization. Prevalence of soil transmitted helmintiasis was 65% (92 out of 141 collected samples, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common STH (63% followed by Trichuris trichiura (10% and hookworm (1.4%. Heavy intensity infections were found in 8.5% of the stool samples, with T. trichiura showing higher worm burdens than A. lumbricoides. Sixteen percent of the children were below the third percentile for weight (wasted, while 27% were below the third percentile for height (stunted. A significant relationship was found between the worm burden and the degree of stunting. This study suggests that the periodic administration of an antihelminthic drug should be targeted to preschool and school children to allow a normal growth spurt and prevent stunting.

Sodium vapor deposition onto a horizontal flat plate above liquid sodium surface, (3)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudo, Kazuhiko; Hirata, Masaru.

1978-01-01

Sodium vapour and sodium mist in the cover gas of a sodium system of a fast breeder reactor cause various problems. In this report, with the results of measurements of sodium mist concentration, the distribution of sodium mist diameter in cover gas was analytically obtained. The analysis was made by using the different nucleus model B. The measurement of the concentration of sodium mist was carried out with a sodium mist pot designed by the author. The experiment was done at the sodium temperature of 400 and 500 degree centigrade. The relations among sodium temperature, upper wall temperature, and the sodium mist concentration in cover gas were obtained. Evaluation of effective condensed nuclear radius in the cover gas was made by the comparison of analysis and experimental results. The results of this evaluation shows the following conclusions. It is impossible to express the distribution of sodium mist diameter by normal distribution or logarithmic normal distribution. Drop of sodium temperature results in the decrease of weight mean radius of generated sodium mist. Drop of upper wall temperature causes the decrease of weight mean radius, and increases sodium mist concentration. (Kato, T.)

Radiation phenomena of plasma waves, 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohnuma, Toshiro.

1978-06-01

The fundamental radiation theories on radiation phenomena of plasma waves are presented. As the fundamental concepts of propagating waves, phase, group and ray velocities are explained, and phase velocity surface, group velocity surface, ray velocity surface and refractive index surface are considered. These concepts are important in anisotropic plasma. Fundamental equations for electron plasma waves in a fluid model and fundamental equations for ion plasma waves can be expressed with the above mentioned concepts. Kuehl derived the formulas for general radiation fields of electromagnetic and electrostatic waves which are radiated from an arbitrary current source. Fundamental equations for kinetic model are the Vlasov equation and Maxwell equations. By investigating electromagnetic radiation in cold anisotropic plasma, Kuehl found the important behavior that the fields radiated from a source become very large in certain directions for some ranges of plasma parameters. The fact is the so-called high frequency resonance cone. A fundamental formula for quasi-static radiation from an oscillating point source in warm anisotropic plasma includes the near field of electromagnetic mode and the field of electrostatic mode, which are radiated from the source. This paper presents the formula in a generalized form. (Kato, T.)

Electron capture Auger aftereffect of ammine cobalt complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harada, Masayuki; Sano, Hirotoshi

1976-01-01

The study of ammine cobalt complex by luminescent Moessbauer spectrometry method was performed. The method was compared with hot atom chemistry method. The electron states in atoms are changed by the aftereffect on Auger emission following the electron capture process. The state of oxidation of disintegration products is usually higher than that of parent nuclei. However, sometimes, lower oxidation is seen in Fe-57, the daughter nuclei of Co-57. This phenomenon may be due to radiation chemistry process, and this effect can be observed by the luminescent Moessbauer spectrometry method. However, the range of the effect can not be seen by the Moessbauer method. Estimation showed that the Auger electrons stay within the surrounding area of the disintegration atom, and the effect does not reach to distant places. The yield of Fe-57 in the electron capture process of Co-57 in cobalt complex, the G-value, and the hot atom chemical yield were obtained. It is concluded that the aftereffect of the Auger process is the localized radiation chemistry effect. Good correlation was seen between the present method and the hot atom chemistry method. (Kato, T.)

Behaviour of liquid films and flooding in counter-current two-phase flow, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Shin-ichi; Ueda, Tatsuhiro.

1978-01-01

This paper reports on the results of study of the behavior of liquid film and flooding in counter-current two phase flow, and the flow speed of gas phase was measured over the wide ranges of tube diameter, tube length, amount of liquid flow, viscosity and surface tension. Liquid samples used for this experiment were water, glycerol, and second octyl alcohol. The phenomena were observed with a high speed camera. The maximum thickness of liquid film was measured, and the effects of various factors on the flooding were investigated. The results of investigation were as follows. The big waves which cause the flooding were developed by the interaction of one of the waves on liquid film surface with gas phase flow. The flow speed of gas phase at the time of beginning of flooding increases with the reduction of amount of liquid flow and the increase of tube diameter. The flooding flow speed is reduced with the increase of tube length. The larger maximum film thickness at the time of no gas phase flow causes flooding at low gas phase flow speed. (Kato, T.)

Solar wind plasma structure near a 'HELIOS-Perihelion'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kikuchi, H.

1979-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a couple of preliminary but important results obtained from HELIOS observation concerning solar wind plasma structure near a ''HELIOS-Perihelion'' among the data analyses in progress, partly in relation to laboratory plasma. Idealized profiles of the bulk velocity, density and temperature of solar wind near 0.3 AU as deduced from HELIOS A data and correlated K-coronal contours were obtained. During 1974 - 1976, the sun was in the period of declining cycle, and the coronal holes expanded to lower latitudes from northern and southern holes. There is general tendency that the northern coronal hole is somewhat larger than the southern coronal hole. In regards to solar wind velocity, there are two fast stream regions with velocity as high as 800 Km/sec. An electron spectrum measured near a HELIOS-Perihelion (0.3 AU) approximately in the solar direction is shown. Three regions can be distinguished in velocity distribution. The density contours of solar wind electrons in velocity space exhibit a narrow beam of electrons in the magnetic field direction close to the plane of observation. (Kato, T.)

A spectral chart of synchrotron orbital radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiramatsu, Nobuyasu; Yoneda, Yasuharu

1977-01-01

This paper introduces a chart of the spectrum of synchrotron orbital radiation. The radiation from high energy electrons has been used for various purposes. The formulas to express the spectrum have been presented. The parameters which determine the spectrum are the acceleration energy E, the deflection radius R, the wavelength of photons, the photon energy, and the harmonics. The chart in this paper determines the field intensity H to be applied on an accelerator when E and R are freely selected, and either the wavelength or the harmonics is obtained from the other one. Then, the spectrum distribution can be obtained. A.A. Sokolov and I.M. Ternov modified the formula for the emitted energy from an electron which had been given by G.A. Schott. The modified formula is used to obtain the number of photons per 1 eV. The relation between R and the harmonics is expressed by parallel lines in a log-log graph. The relation among R, H and E is also expressed in the same graph by parallel lines. The spectroscopic intensity is also shown in the same graph by a curved line. (Kato, T.)

Relation of twist of magnetic force tube and flare magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, H.

1978-01-01

The configuration of magnetic field and its development in the regions of big flare were investigated to study the features of magnetic force tubes. The photographs of delta type solar spots taken at Mt. Wilson Observatory were selected. 94 percent of the delta type spots belong to the class B activity or more active class. The features of delta type spots are the reverse configuration and the shear motion. The reverse configuration is divided into the p/f configuration and the f/p configuration. The shear motion is divided into the normal motion, the reverse motion, and the indefinite motion. Vortex structures appeared around the solar spots of reverse configuration showing normal motion. The relation among the direction of twist, reverse configuration and the direction of shear motion was deduced. In the region of normal motion, the p/f configuration corresponds to the reverse S type vortices and the f/p configuration to S type. In the region of reverse motion, the p/f configuration corresponds to the S type vortices and the f/p corresponds to the reverse S type vortices. The mechanism of development of delta type solar spots is discussed. (Kato, T.)

Acoustic emission technique and its applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Ichiya; Sasaki, Soji

1976-01-01

Acoustic emission technique is described. The characteristics of acoustic emission signal, measurement techniques, and its application are explained. The acoustic signals are grouped into continuous and burst types. The continuous signal is due to plastic deformation, and the burst type is due to the generation and growth of cracks. The latter can be used for the identification of the position of cracks. The frequency of the acoustic emission is in the range from several tens of KHz to two MHz. Piezoelectric ceramics are used as the oscillators of sensors. The dynamic behavior of acoustic emission can be observed with a two-channel acoustic emission measuring apparatus. Multi-channel method was developed at Hitachi, Ltd., and is used for large structures. General computer identification method and simple zone identification method are explained. Noise elimination is important for the measurement, and the methods were studied. Examples of application are the observation of acoustic emission in the plastic deformation of steel, the tensile test of large welded material with natural defects, and others. The method will be used for the diagnosis and observation of large structures, the test and quality control of products. (Kato, T.)

Molecular characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi serotypes causing scrub typhus outbreak in southern region of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Usha, K; Kumar, E; Kalawat, Usha; Kumar, B Siddhartha; Chaudhury, A; Gopal, D V R Sai

2016-10-01

Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by Orientiatsutsugamushi. Local epidemiology of the circulating serotypes of scrub typhus is not available from most parts of India. We conducted this study for the diagnosis of scrub typhus using IgM ELISA and to detect O. tsutsugamushi serotypes circulating in southern Andhra Pradesh, India. Samples were collected from patients clinically suspected to have scrub typhus and were subjected to IgM ELISA to measure IgM antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed targeting strain-specific regions in ELISA-positive samples. Of a total of 663 samples, 258 (38.91%) were found to be positive by IgM ELISA. Serotypes could be detected in 230 (34.69%) samples only. Only two serotypes, Karp and Kawasaki, were found in the serum samples, with the former being predominant. The dual infection of Karp and Kawasaki serotypes was found in seven patients. Other serotypes such as Gilliam, Kuroki and Kato were not detected in the samples. The nested PCR products proved useful in presumptively identifying the endemic O. tsutsugamushi serotypes. The present study could be significant in understanding scrub typhus epidemiology in this region.

Corona magnetic field over sunspots estimated by m-wave observation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurihara, Masahiro

1974-01-01

The shape of the magnetic field in corona was estimated from the observation of the type I storm occurred in the last decade of August, 1971. It was found from the observation with a 160 MHz interferometer at Mt. Nobeyama that at most three storm sources, which are called radio wave source, were produced. The radio wave sources were fixed above sunspots. The height of the radio wave sources was estimated to be 0.45 R from the photosphere. The sunspots under the radio wave sources can be classified to four sub-groups. Weakening of the magnetic field on the photosphere was found from the reduction of the area of some sub-group. The relation between the activity of type I storm and the intensity of the magnetic field of sunspots is qualitatively suggested. It is considered that the radio wave sources and the sunspots were connected by common magnetic force lines. The probable magnetic field in corona was presumed and is shown in a figure. An interesting point is that the direction of magnetic force lines inclined by about 30 0 outward to the vertical line to the photosphere surface. (Kato, T.)

Observation of photoelectrons of magnetic conjugate point with the rocket K-9M-54

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mukai, Toshinori; Hirao, Kunio

1976-01-01

The results of the observation of photoelectrons with the rocket K-9M-54 are described. The instrument used for the observation has been reported elsewhere, and it is a low energy electron spectrometer. The angle of direction of the collimator of the detector was 30 degrees to the spin axis of the rocket. Variation of the electric potential was large. The rocket K-9M-54 took off on January 17, 1976, at six o'clock. The finally attained altitude of the rocket was about 366 km. The solar zenith angles were 106 degrees at Uchinoura and 94 degrees at the magnetic conjugate point. The UV shadow heights were 361 km at Uchinoura and 116 km at the magnetic conjugate point. The distribution of the pitch angle was observed, and was almost isotropic. The altitude variation of the integrated flux is shown in a figure, and it shows remarkable difference between the present result and the previous ones observed in day-time. The relations between energy and photoelectron flux at various altitudes were obtained. The characteristic features of the energy distribution were similar to those of the spectra observed in day-time. (Kato, T.)

Neck of public acceptance of atomic energy in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tawara, Soichiro.

1978-01-01

Discussion is lacking concerning the public acceptance of atomic energy in Japan. In case of the atomic powered ship Mutsu, an opponent says that the ship carries an atomic bomb, but a member of a support group says that the ship emits soft radiation like a hot spring. This is an example of discussion, and most of discussions are made under the political interest, instead of on the scientific base. In Japan, preparatory negotiations are required in advance to the decision making meeting in most cases. Therefore, most of substantial discussions are not public. Engineers in the nuclear industry can hardly express their opinion concerning the development of atomic energy. Most of the data for discussions are not original, but foreign data. Reasons for the development of atomic energy change case by case. It is necessary to consider that people will decide their opinion according to whether the responsible person is reliable or not. Some people oppose to atomic energy to find a new sense of value. Now, all people are requested to think and discuss the problem of atomic energy calmly. (Kato, T.)

Electronics and computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asano, Yuzo

1980-01-01

The requirement for the data collection and handling system of TRISTAN is discussed. In April, 1979, the first general meeting was held at KEK to organize the workshop on the future electronics for large scale, high energy experiments. Three sub-groups were formed, and those are the Group 1 for the study of fast logics, the Group 2 for the pre-processing and temporary storage of data, and the Group 3 for the data acquisition system. The general trends of the future system are the reduction of data size and the reduction of trigger rate. The important points for processing the fast data are fast block transfer, parallel processing and pre-processing. The U.S. Fast System Design Group has proposed some features for the future system called Fastbus. The Time Projection Chamber proposed for a PEP Facility gives a typical example of the future detectors for colliding beam machines. It is a large drift chamber in a solenoidal magnetic field. The method of data processing is interesting. By extrapolating the past experiences, the requirements for the host computer for the data acquisition system can be made. (Kato, T.)

On design of absorption, regeneration and recovery system of low concentration hydrogen and tritium in He with titanium sponge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukuhara, Masashi

1978-01-01

Design of a titanium sponge system to remove hydrogen from the helium coolant of high temperature gas-cooled reactors or fusion reactors is discussed in this paper. The data for the present purpose have been accumulated. The equilibrium relation of Ti-H 2 system was given by McQuillan. The present author of this paper obtained an absorption equilibrium diagram, and measurements were made for lower partial pressure than that of McQuillan's data. A breakthrough curve and an adsorption-desorption breakthrough curve of H 2 -Ti sponge system, and the regeneration characteristics of the Ti sponge were measured. As the results of experiments, it is said that tritium and hydrogen can be removed with a Ti sponge system. Examples of the design of a practical system are presented. A disposable system was designed for OGL-1 under the principle that the used Ti sponge is a solid radioactive waste. A regenerative system was designed as a system, in which solid radioactive wastes are not produced. An example of a recovery system is also presented. Discussion on the reason why the Ti-sponge has not been used is presented. (Kato, T.)

Effect of finite conductivity on the vertical stability of a tokamak plasma column with a noncircular cross section without conducting shell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakurai, Keiichi; Okuda, Takayoshi; Tanaka, Yuji.

1977-01-01

The effect of finite conductivity on the stability of a tokamak plasma column with noncircular cross section without conducting shell was investigated by considering the current filaments model. The study is made for the plasma with rectangular cross section, and in this case, the position control of plasma column is a serious problem. The equation of motion of the plasma column is described for the vertical force applied to the column. The calculation of stability was made for the cases with cross sections of circular, rectangular and D type shapes. The plasma column was considered as an assembly of a lot of circular conductors, and this method can be applied to the plasma column with proper distribution of conductivity. As the results of calculation, it can be said that the electromotive force produced by the column moving in the magnetic field generates surface current on the plasma column, and in case of the finite conductivity of plasma, this current attenuates with time, and the distribution of the current soaks into the plasma column. Consequently, the recovery force acting on the plasma column is reduced, but contributes to the vertical stabilization for several hundreds μsec. (Kato, T.)

Reaction mechanism in high energy heavy-ion collisions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanihata, Isao.

1982-04-01

The reaction mechanism in high energy heavy-ion collision is discussed. The discussion is mainly based on the experimental data. Empirical equations have been given for the total cross-sections of nucleus-nucleus reactions and the reaction cross-sections. These cross-sections are well described by the geometrical size of the colliding nuclei. The cross-sections are also understood by microscopic calculation. The charged particle multiplicity gives additional information about the geometrical aspect of heavy ion collision. The data suggested that the total energy, independent of projectile size, is most important for determining the multiplicity. The inclusive proton spectrum in a heavy ion collision showed two distinct regions. The one is the fragment region, and the other the participant region. The spectral shapes of inclusive pion spectra are reasonably well explained by the Coulomb interaction of pions with nuclear fragments. The high energy heavy ion reaction occurs in the overlap region of the projectile and target. This has been tested by measuring the number of participants for various reactions. The space and the time structure of the collision are also discussed in this paper as well as the dynamical aspects of the collision. (Kato, T.)

3D equilibrium codes for mirror machines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaiser, T.B.

1983-01-01

The codes developed for cumputing three-dimensional guiding center equilibria for quadrupole tandem mirrors are discussed. TEBASCO (Tandem equilibrium and ballooning stability code) is a code developed at LLNL that uses a further expansion of the paraxial equilibrium equation in powers of β (plasma pressure/magnetic pressure). It has been used to guide the design of the TMX-U and MFTF-B experiments at Livermore. Its principal weakness is its perturbative nature, which renders its validity for high-β calculation open to question. In order to compute high-β equilibria, the reduced MHD technique that has been proven useful for determining toroidal equilibria was adapted to the tandem mirror geometry. In this approach, the paraxial expansion of the MHD equations yields a set of coupled nonlinear equations of motion valid for arbitrary β, that are solved as an initial-value problem. Two particular formulations have been implemented in computer codes developed at NYU/Kyoto U and LLNL. They differ primarily in the type of grid, the location of the lateral boundary and the damping techniques employed, and in the method of calculating pressure-balance equilibrium. Discussions on these codes are presented in this paper. (Kato, T.)

On promotion of base technologies of atomic energy. Aiming at breakthrough in atomic energy technologies in 21st century

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-09-01

In the long term plan of atomic energy development and utilization decided in June, 1987 by the Atomic Energy Commission, it was recognized that hereafter, the opening-up of the new potential that atomic energy possesses should be aimed at, and the policy was shown so that the research and development hereafter place emphasis on the creative and innovative region which causes large technical innovation, by which the spreading effect to general science and technology can be expected, and the development of the base technologies that connect the basic research and project development is promoted. The trend of atomic energy development so far, the change of the situation surrounding atomic energy, the direction of technical development of atomic energy hereafter and the base technologies are discussed. The concept of the technical development of materilas, artificial intelligence, lasers, and the evaluation and reduction of radiation risks used for atomic energy is described. As the development plan of atomic energy base technologies, the subjects of technical development, the future image of technical development, the efficient promotion of the development and so on are shown. (Kato, I.).

On promotion of base technologies of atomic energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1988-01-01

In the long term plan of atomic energy development and utilization decided in June, 1987 by the Atomic Energy Commission, it was recognized that hereafter, the opening-up of the new potential that atomic energy possesses should be aimed at, and the policy was shown so that the research and development hereafter place emphasis on the creative and innovative region which causes large technical innovation, by which the spreading effect to general science and technology can be expected, and the development of the base technologies that connect the basic research and project development is promoted. The trend of atomic energy development so far, the change of the situation surrounding atomic energy, the direction of technical development of atomic energy hereafter and the base technologies are discussed. The concept of the technical development of materilas, artificial intelligence, lasers, and the evaluation and reduction of radiation risks used for atomic energy is described. As the development plan of atomic energy base technologies, the subjects of technical development, the future image of technical development, the efficient promotion of the development and so on are shown. (Kato, I.)

Effects of the magnetic field on the structure of materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakajima, Tetsuo

1984-02-01

This is a report of the ''Meeting on the effects of a magnetic field on the structure of materials'' held at KEK, Japan. The purpose of the Meeting was to study the diffraction of SR X-ray in a magnetic field. It was found that the effects of a magnetic field have been seen in various substnaces. The effects are due to the Zeeman effect, the Lamor diamagnetism, the Landau diamagnetism, the Meissner effect and the polarization effect. The topics discussed at the Meeting were the structure study of biological specimens by field orientation, the study of cell structure by field orientation, the phase transition under a strong pulse field, the behavior of high molecular liquid crystal in a magnetic field, the change of the f-electron density of the Tb 3+ ions in Tb IG in a magnetic field at low temperature, an electromagnet loaded on a goniometer and an in-situ observation system for the structure of magnetic domain, the control of structural phase transition by a magnetic field, the use of synchrotron orbit radiation for the structural analysis of random systems, and the field effect on chemical reactions. (Kato, T.)

Study of proton-proton and deuteron-proton interactions by a bubble chamber

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Fumiya; Katayama, Nobuhiko; Sai, Fuminori

1981-01-01

A preliminary report on the analysis of bubble chamber data at the energy of 1.35 and 1.55 GeV/c is described. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of π production cross section in p-p interaction. The total elastic cross sections are 25.0 mb at 1.35 GeV/c and 25.5 mb at 1.55 GeV/c. The cross-sections of π-production such as pp-pnπ + and pp-ppπ 0 were directly obtained. The values were 11.9 mb for pnπ + and 3.5 mb for ppπ 0 at 1.35 GeV/c, and 17.3 mb for pnπ + and 4.7 mb for ppπ 0 at 1.55 GeV/c. The values of ppπ 0 did not agree with previously reported data at high energy. In the production of (delta) 2+ in the pp-pnπ + reaction, Monte Carlo calculation explains well this mass distribution. A preliminary experiment of dp reaction was done at the deuteron energy of 2 GeV/c. The tagging of spectator will be done. (Kato, T.)

Observation of cosmic-ray particles with artificial satellites in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nagata, Katsuaki

1981-01-01

The present status are described on the cosmic-ray observation with artificial satellites in Japan. In 1978, an electrostatic analyzer was loaded on the satellite EXOS-A to measure low energy electrons. The spectra taken on April 27, 1978, showed that the electron flux decreased exponentially with the increasing electron energy. A space environment monitor (SEM) was loaded on a geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) in 1977. The SEM consists of 5 Si detectors, with which particle identification can be made, and protons with the energy of 500 MeV and alpha particles with the energy of 370 MeV were observed. The time variation of particle flux was large in the low energy part and small in the high energy part. In 1984, the satellite EXOS-C will be launched. The purposes of this project are general observation of the middle atmosphere composition and the study of the anomaly of the ionosphere above the Brazilian Anomaly. Measurement of low energy particles will be done with an electrostatic analyzer, and that of high energy particles with a telescope with Si detectors. Other projects designed in Japan are OPEN-J and EXOS-D. (Kato, T.)

Some optical diagnostics for the plasma focus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korzhavin, V.M.

1980-01-01

Some aspects of studying plasma focus dynamics are reported. Particular efforts were made to develop an infrared (IR) diagnostics. The plasma focus is formed in a discharge chamber, when shock waves and plasma sheath cumulate on the axis as a result of the break-down of filling gas by the application of high voltage. The current J was measured with a Rogovsky coil, and the voltage U was measured with a capacitor divider. The current derivative was measured with magnetic probes, and X-ray and neutron emission intensities were measured with a plastic scintillator. The total neutron yield were measured by the activation method. The time-integrated soft X-ray pictures of plasma focus were taken with a pin-hole camera. The formation and disruption of plasma focus were studied by multi-picture speed photography. Laser interferometry was used to study the time-space distribution of plasma density. For the study of turbulence phenomena in plasma focus, a new type IR detector was employed. The results of measurements suggest that there exists some superthermal radiation during the second compression of plasma focus, but it is not so strong. (Kato, T.)

PENULARAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS DI DESA DODOLO DAN MEKARSARI DATARAN TINGGI NAPU SULAWESI TENGAH

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Rosmini Rosmini

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The transmission of schistosomiasis is still ongoing in Dodolo and Mekarsari Villages ofNapu highland, Poso District. The people who infected with Schistosoma japonicum, intermediate host. Oncomelania hnpensis lindoensis snails that infected by cercaria. infective stage of S. japonicum and reservoir host, rats, which infected by S. japonicum were still (bund. The purpose of this study was to identify the transmission of schistosomiasis at Dodolo and Mekarsari Villages, Napu highland. The epidemiological investigation was analyzed using observational study with cross sectional design. Data collections were conducted, including stool, snail and rat suryeys. Stool samples were examined by the Kato-Katz method and rats were dissected to identify the prevalence rate of schistosomiasis in human and rats. Snails were examined using crushing method to identify the infection rate of the snails. Prevalence rate of schistosomiasis in human, rats (Rattus exulans and infection rate O. hnpensis lindoensis snails in Dodolo were 6,9%, 8,3%, 2,8% and in Mekarsari were 6,1%, 10% 2,6% respectively. Prevalence of schistosomiasis in Dodolo and Mekarsari villages is still high, so we need continuous surveillance.   Keywords: Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma japonicum, O. hupensis lindoensis, Dodolo, Mekarsari

Annual report of Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, Osaka University, for fiscal 1979

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-01-01

This annual report presents the research activities carried out by the members of the Laboratory and the users of the facilities. The major facilities of the Laboratory are a 110 cm variable energy cyclotron and a 4.7 MeV Van de Graaff. The cyclotron division has made extensive studies on nuclear physics, such as the pre-equilibrium process of neutron emission, inelastic proton scattering, He-3 induced reactions, and polarization experiments. The Van de Graaff division reports about the works on hyperfine interaction, mirror beta-decay, heavy element ion source, and nuclear spin alignment. Model magnet study on the future project has also been developed at the Laboratory. Other divisions of the Laboratory are the mass spectroscopy division, the radioisotope division, and the theoretical physics division. The works of the mass spectroscopy division concern the on-line mass separation of radioisotopes, the field desorption of mass spectra, and instrumentation. The works of the radioisotope division spread widely on the field of nuclear chemistry. At the end of this report, various works, which have been made by the theoretical physics division, are introduced. (Kato, T.)

Global Classical Solutions for Partially Dissipative Hyperbolic System of Balance Laws

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Jiang; Kawashima, Shuichi

2014-02-01

The basic existence theory of Kato and Majda enables us to obtain local-in-time classical solutions to generally quasilinear hyperbolic systems in the framework of Sobolev spaces (in x) with higher regularity. However, it remains a challenging open problem whether classical solutions still preserve well-posedness in the case of critical regularity. This paper is concerned with partially dissipative hyperbolic system of balance laws. Under the entropy dissipative assumption, we establish the local well-posedness and blow-up criterion of classical solutions in the framework of Besov spaces with critical regularity with the aid of the standard iteration argument and Friedrichs' regularization method. Then we explore the theory of function spaces and develop an elementary fact that indicates the relation between homogeneous and inhomogeneous Chemin-Lerner spaces (mixed space-time Besov spaces). This fact allows us to capture the dissipation rates generated from the partial dissipative source term and further obtain the global well-posedness and stability by assuming at all times the Shizuta-Kawashima algebraic condition. As a direct application, the corresponding well-posedness and stability of classical solutions to the compressible Euler equations with damping are also obtained.

Experimental study on dynamic stabilization of the MHD instability in pinch plasmas surrounded by a conducting shell

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Shunji; Ishii, Shozo; Kawamoto, Shigeshi; Hayashi, Izumi

1981-01-01

Experimental study on the dynamic stabilization of MHD instability with a pinch plasma generator was done, and the results were compared with the theoretical works. The previous results of theoretical analysis showed that a conducting shell worked effectively for the dynamic stabilization of MHD instability. The present experiment was carried out with a linear plasma generator which consisted of a discharge tube, a coil and a conducting shell. The macroscopic behavior of plasma was observed with an image converter camera, and the phenomena due to the instability was measured by a magnetic probe. A sine-cosine coil was employed for the observation of the growth of instability. The following results were obtained. When the frequency of RF current for dynamic stabilization was larger than the growth rate of instability, the experimental results were in agreement with the theoretical ones. The effect of a conducting shell was clearly seen. For the helical instability of short wave length, the dynamic stabilization was easily obtained even without a conducting shell. The self-reversal phenomena due to the helical instability of short wave length was suppressed by the RF current along the axis of a discharge tube. (Kato, T.)

Introduction to burning plasma physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momota, Hiromu

1982-01-01

The free energy of fusion-produced charged particles, the critical plasma Q-value for the thermal instability, and the Cherenkov's emission are discussed. The free energy of fusion-produced charged particles is large even in DT burning plasma. The primary role of fusion-produced energetic charged particles is the heating of fuel plasma. If the charged particle heating is large, burning may be thermally unstable. A zero dimensional analysis shows that the critical plasma Q-values for this thermal instability are nearly 5 for DT burning plasma of 14 keV and 1.6 for D-He 3 burning plasma of 60 keV. These critical plasma Q-values are small as compared to that required for commercial reactors. Then, some methods of burning-control should be introduced to fusion plasma. Another feature of energetic charged particles may be Cherenkov's emission of various waves in fusion plasma. The relationship between this micro-instability and transport phenomena may be the important problem to be clarified. The fusion-produced energetic charged particles have large Larmor radii, and they may have effects on balooning mode instability. (Kato, T.)

Hydrodynamic description of spin Calogero-Sutherland model

Science.gov (United States)

Abanov, Alexander; Kulkarni, Manas; Franchini, Fabio

2009-03-01

We study a non-linear collective field theory for an integrable spin-Calogero-Sutherland model. The hydrodynamic description of this SU(2) model in terms of charge density, charge velocity and spin currents is used to study non-perturbative solutions (solitons) and examine their correspondence with known quantum numbers of elementary excitations [1]. A conventional linear bosonization or harmonic approximation is not sufficient to describe, for example, the physics of spin-charge (non)separation. Therefore, we need this new collective bosonic field description that captures the effects of the band curvature. In the strong coupling limit [2] this model reduces to integrable SU(2) Haldane-Shastry model. We study a non-linear coupling of left and right spin currents which form a Kac-Moody algebra. Our quantum hydrodynamic description for the spin case is an extension for the one found in the spinless version in [3].[3pt] [1] Y. Kato,T. Yamamoto, and M. Arikawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66, 1954-1961 (1997).[0pt] [2] A. Polychronakos, Phys Rev Lett. 70,2329-2331(1993).[0pt] [3] A.G.Abanov and P.B. Wiegmann, Phys Rev Lett 95, 076402(2005)

Sodium vapor deposition onto a horizontal flat plate above liquid sodium surface, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kudo, Kazuhiko; Hirata, Masaru.

1977-01-01

The sodium vapor deposition onto a horizontal flat plate above liquid sodium surface was studied. The analysis was performed by assuming that the sodium mist is emitted into the main flow without condensation and then grows up in the main flow and drops on the sodium surface. The effects of growth of sodium mist to the system were investigated. The model of the phenomena is the sodium deposition onto a horizontal flat plate which is placed above the sodium surface with the medium cover gas. One-dimensional analysis can be done. The rate of deposition is greatly reduced when the temperature of the flat plate is lowered. For the analysis of this phenomena, it is assumed that the sodium mist grows by condensation. One of results is that the real state may be the state between the state that the condensation of mist is made in the boundary layer and the state that the mist is condensed in the main flow. Others are that there is no effect of sodium mist condensation on the rate of deposition, and that the rate of the vaporization of sodium is given by the original and the modified model. (Kato, T.)

Data compilation of single pion photoproduction below 2 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inagaki, Y.; Nakamura, T.; Ukai, K.

1976-01-01

The compilation of data of single pion photoproduction experiment below 2 GeV is presented with the keywords which specify the experiment. These data are written on a magnetic tape. Data format and the indices for the keywords are given. Various programs of using this tape are also presented. The results of the compilation are divided into two types. The one is the reference card on which the information of the experiment is given. The other is the data card. These reference and data cards are written using all A-type format on an original tape. The copy tapes are available, which are written by various types on request. There are two kinds of the copy tapes. The one is same as the original tape, and the other is the one different in the data card. Namely, this card is written by F-type following the data type. One experiment on this tape is represented by 3 kinds of the cards. One reference card with A-type format, many data cards with F-type format and one identifying card. Various programs which are written by FORTRAN are ready for these original and copy tapes. (Kato, T.)

Fundamentals of molten-salt thermal technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-08-01

This book has been published by the Society of Molten-Salt Thermal Technology to publish a part of the achievement of its members. This book is composed of seven chapters. The chapter 1 is Introduction. The chapter 2 explains the physical properties of molten salts, such as thermal behavior, surface tension, viscosity, electrical conductivity and others. The chapter 3 presents the compatibility with construction materials. Corrosion in molten salts, the electrochemical behavior of fluoride ions on carbon electrodes in fluoride melts, the behaviors of hastelloy N and metals in melts are items of this chapter. The equipments and instruments for molten salts are described in chapter 4. The heat transfer in molten salts is discussed in chapter 5. The chapter 6 explains the application of molten salt technology. The molten salt technology can be applied not only to thermal engineering and energy engineering but also to chemical and nuclear engineerings, and the technical fundamentals, current development status, technical problems and the perspective for the future are outlined. The chapter 7 is the summary of this book. The commercialization of molten salt power reactors is discussed at the end of this book. (Kato, T.)

Trials on some synthesis related to chemical evolution under high pressure and gamma irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inaki, Yoshiaki; Okada, Toshimi; Takahara, Toru; Takemoto, Kiichi

1978-01-01

The radiation-induced reaction of mono- and dicarboxylic acids with urea was studied both in bulk and in methanol solution. A series of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and acid amides as well as urea were obtained commercially, and purified in the usual manner. Radiation-induced reaction was carried out in test tubes at room temperature by irradiating with the γ-ray from a Co-60 source. Acrylic acid and urea were mixed at first in a test tube, and melted by heating. After the irradiation, water insoluble polymer was obtained. The polymer may have partly crosslinked nature. In case of the reaction of acrylic acid and acrylamide with urea, it was found that polymers were the main products. The reaction of malic acid with formamide was also studied under high pressure. It was found that the reaction afforded both fumaric and malic acid under atmospheric pressure, and the reaction seems to be somewhat different under high pressure. From the results, it is suggested that adenine and its relevant compounds could only be produced by the reactions of malic and maleic acid with urea, and not with formamide in the presence of polyphosphoric acid. (Kato, T.)

Infecção por clonorchis sinensis em imigrantes asiáticos no Brasil: tratamento com praziquantel Clonorchis sinensis infection in asian immigrants in Brazil: treatment with praziquantel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O. H. M. Leite

1989-12-01

Full Text Available Estudaram-se quinze pacientes com infecção assintomática por Clonorchis sinensis, revelada através de exame parasitológico de fezes. Todos eram de origem asiática e procuraram o Laboratório Central do Instituto Adolfo Lutz para se submeterem a exames laboratoriais necessários à regularização de sua situação, face à nova legislação sobre imigrantes. Eram todos indivíduos adultos, seis pertencendo ao sexo feminino e nove ao masculino. Os quinze pacientes com clonorquíase foram internados no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP e tratados com Praziquantel, na dosagem de 60 mg/kg de peso corporal, dividida em duas tomadas. Foram realizados exames coprológicos quantitativos (método de Kato-Katz, antes do tratamento específico e no 15º, 30º e 60º dias após a terapêutica. Na última avaliação (60? dia após terapêutica, em nove pacientes (60,0% não se encontraram ovos do trematódeo nas fezes e nos seis (40,0%, que continuavam eliminando ovos, notou-se redução na quantidade eliminada (superior a 90% em cinco e a 30% no paciente restante. Os pacientes foram também submetidos a exames subsidiários, para avaliação do estado geral e função hepática, antes da administração de Praziquantel e, posteriormente, no seguimento ambulatorial. A medicação foi relativamente bem tolerada pelos pacientes, verificando-se a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais representados por náuseas e vômitos (dois casos, vertigens e tonturas (dois casos, epigastralgia (dois casos e diarréia no 3? dia após tratamento (um caso.Fifteen adult patients with assymptomatic infection due to Clonorchis sinensis, diagnosed by coprological examination, were studied. They all came from Asia (twelve from Taiwan, two from South Korea and one from Hong Kong and were examined at the Adolfo Lutz Institute and the Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil. Six patients were women and nine men. All

Ocorrência de enteroparasitoses em escolares do município de Jataizinho, Estado do Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i2.1063 Occurrence of enteroparasitosis in schoolchildren of the municipal district of Jataizinho, State of Paraná, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i2.1063

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberta Lemos Freire

2006-03-01

Full Text Available As enteroparasitoses são responsáveis por altos índices de morbidade principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, onde o crescimento populacional não é acompanhado de melhoria das condições de vida da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência e os fatores associados às enteroparasitoses em escolares de Jataizinho, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram avaliadas 264 amostras de fezes pelos métodos de sedimentação espontânea, método direto e Kato-Katz. A prevalência geral de enteroparasitoses foi de 68,2% (180/264. Os protozoários de maior prevalência foram a Endolimax nana (47,5% e a Entamoeba coli (23,5%. Já entre os helmintos foram o Ascaris lumbricoides (10,2% e o Trichuris trichiura (6,1%. Houve predominância de casos de poliparasitismo (50,5% em relação aos de monoparasitismo (49,5%. Ovos de Schistosoma mansoni foram encontrados em quatro (1,5% amostras analisadas. O principal fator associado às parasitoses intestinais foi o hábito de freqüentar rio, riacho ou lagoa (OR = 2,78; IC 95%; 1,32 – 5,92. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, medidas de educação sanitária devem ser implantadas com urgência, enfatizando o risco de freqüentar rios ou lagos, melhores hábitos de higiene pessoal e higienização dos alimentosThe enteroparasitoses are responsible for high death rates, mainly in developing countries where population growth is not followed by improvement in the population’s standard of living. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of and the factors associated with enteroparasitosis in schoolchildren from Jataizinho, State of Paraná, Brazil. 264 fecal samples were analyzed by sedimentation in water, direct technique and Kato-Katz methods. The general prevalence of enteroparasitosis was of 68.2% (180/264. The most frequent protozoans were Endolimax nana (47.5% and Entamoeba coli (23.1%. Already among the helminthes were Ascaris lumbricoides (10.2% and Trichuris

Comparación de las técnicas Kato-Katz, TSET y TSR en el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos

OpenAIRE

Nelson Uribe Delgado; Raúl Fernando Sierra Balcárcel; Cindy Tatiana Espinosa González

2012-01-01

Introducción: La Fasciolosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Fasciola hepatica, que afecta primordialmente a bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y en algunas zonas de forma endémica a los humanos. En la investigación clínica y epidemiológica de fasciolosis humana es importante contar con técnicas coprológicas de diagnóstico de alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Objetivo: realizar la comparación de tres técnicas coprológicas para el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos. Me...

A Low-Level Geiger-Counter for Tritium; Compteur Geiger a faible mouvement propre pour le tritium; Schetchik Gejgera s nizkim urovnem dlya tritiya; Contador Geiger de baja actividad de fondo para tritio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Von Buttlar, H; Stahl, W [Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt (Germany)

1962-01-15

pour controler la stabilite a long terme du systeme. (author) [Spanish] Contador Geiger de baja actividad de fondo para tritio. Los autores construyeron un tubo contador cilindrico de 11 l que contiene una serie de conductores de anticoincidencia en torno a un contador central de 2,9 l de volumen efectivo. La seccion de anticoincidencia esta separada del contador central por una delgada hoja de Hostaphan aluminizada. En el trabajo figura una serie de detalles constructivos. El gas que llena el contador consiste en una mezcla de etileno a 30 mm, de argon a 40 mm y la muestra de hidrogeno hasta 700 mm. Un circuito de extincion externo, cuyo tiempo muerto es de 7 ms, elimina eficazmente todos los impulsos demorados. Con un blindaje de hierro de 30 cm, el indice de recuento del contador central con hidrogeno gaseoso inerte es de 350 impulsos/min cuando el circuito de anticoincidencia no funciona y de unos 3 impulsos/min en el caso contrario. Suponiendo que un valor de 1 impulso/min por encima de la actividad de fondo sea significativo, resulta posible medir razones T/H muy pequenas, hasta 10{sup -16}, sin necesidad de proceder a un enriquecimiento isotopico. Se siguen realizando experimentos para verificar la estabilidad a largo plazo del dispositivo. (author) [Russian] Byla skonstruirovan a tsilindricheskaya trubka s ob{sup e}mom v 11 litrov, kotoraya soderzhit ryad provodov antisovpadeniya, okhvatyvayushchikh tsentral'nuyu chast' schetchika emkost'yu v 2,9 litra. TSentral'naya chast' schetchika otdelena ot sektsii antisovpadeniya tonkoj alyuminirovannoj Gostafanovoj fol'goj. Privodyatsya podrobnye dannye konstruktsii. Gaz dlya napolneniya schetchika sostoit iz 30 torr ehtilena, 40 torr argona i do 700 torr obraztsa vodoroda. Vneshnyaya tsep' gasheniya s mertvym vremenem v 7 msek. uspeshno ustranyaet posleduyushchie impul'sy. V 30 cm zheleznom ehkrane skorost' otcheta tsentral'noj chasti schetchika s ''mertvym'' vodorodnym gazom sostavlyaet 350 otschetov v minutu bez

Parasitismo intestinal en manipuladores de alimentos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Nicolás Gómez Vital

1999-01-01

Full Text Available El parasitismo intestinal representa un significativo problema en la salud mundial. Se realiza un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo en manipuladores de alimentos de los principales centros de elaboración de la ciudad de Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, durante 1998. Los enteroparásitos patógenos encontrados por orden de frecuencia fueron la Giardia lamblia y la Entamoeba hitolytica; detectados por método directo y de ritchie para dichos parásitos. La técnica de kato katz fue más eficaz para el diagnóstico de los geohelmintos. Se resalta la función del personal médico en centros de trabajo.Intestinal parasitism is a significant problem for world health. An epidemiological and descriptive study was conducted among food handlers at the main centers of elaboration in the city of Santa Clara, Villa Clara province, during 1998. The pathogenic enteroparasites found by order of frequency were Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba hitolytica, which were detected by using Ritchie's and direct method for such parasites. The Katokatz's technique was more efficient for the diagnosis of geohelminth. It was underlined the function of the medical team at the working centers.

UTILIDAD TERAPÉUTICA DEL ALBENDAZOL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE NIÑOS INFECTADOS CON Giardia lamblia I THERAPEUTIC USEFULNESS OF ALBENDAZOLE IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTED CHILDREN WITH Giardia lambli

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MAYRA RISCO

2018-05-01

Full Text Available A study was conducted with 22 parasitized school children with Giardia lamblia to verify the therapeutic usefulness of albendazole (400 mg single dose for 5 days. After treating the children post-treatment controls were made at 7, 15 and 21 days by clinical examination and parasitological methods (direct examination, Kato and spontaneous sedimentation. The overall rate of parasitological cure was 44.4% (8/18 consisting of 8 children in whom the parasite was eradicated after treatment. This analysis excluded 4 of the treated children because they had missed one or more post-treatment controls. Of these 18 children, 72.2% (13 children had clinical manifestations suggestive of infection with G. lamblia before receiving the drug; after completion of treatment only two school children (11.1% had clinical manifestations. However, the difference was not statistically significant (X 2 = 0.5098 d.f. = 1. Two (11.1% of the children who received albendazole had adverse effects (bitter taste and abdominal pain. In conclusion, the study group and due to its low parasitological cure rate, albendazole does not seem to be a drug of choice and use should be reserved in proven cases of resistance to metronidazole or when there is intolerance to this drug.

The genetic characterization of lexB32, lexB33 and lexB35 mutations of Escherichia coli: location and complementation pattern for UV resistance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glickman, B.W.; Guijt, N.; Morand, P.; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette

1977-01-01

Mutants of LexB have been isolated by their resistance to lysogenic induction by thymine starvation, their resistance to thymine starvation and on the basis of their UV sensitivity. Here, three mutations identified originally in strains lacking mutagenic response to UV-irradiation, unmB (Kato and Shinoura, 1977), have been further characterized, mapped by P1-mediated transduction with srl into the recA-tif-zab-lexB cluster at the lexB position and analysed for complementation with various lexB and recA mutations. From the results it was concluded that unmB mutations are identical to lexB mutations; consequently these mutations have been termed lexB32, lexB33 and lexB35. The mutations lexB33 and lexB35 do not complement any of the other lexB mutations and define therefore a new complementation type. The lexB32 mutation, which like the lexB34 mutation, results in moderate UV sensitivity has a complementation pattern similar to that of lexB34. However, unlike lexB34 the lexB32 behaves like a leaky mutation. The results are discussed in relation to the recA gene product and its control. (orig.) [de

IgM antibodies to Schistosoma mansoni gut-associated antigens for the study of schistosomiasis transmission in Ribeirão Pires, São Paulo

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Vera LF Camargo-Neves

1998-01-01

Full Text Available The potential of an immunofluorescence test for detection of IgM antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni gut-associated antigens (IgM-IFT was evaluated as a tool for studying aspects related to the schistosomiasis transmission in Ribeirão Pires, in the metropolitan area of the capital of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Children from a school with about 400 students, 6 to 18 years, were followed-up for two years. In the five surveys, carried out at 6-month intervals, from October 92 to October 94, serological (IgM-IFT prevalence indices of 5.3%, 5.8%, 6.2%, 2.9% and 3.3% were obtained. These indices were 7 to 10 times higher than the parasitological prevalence indices of 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.4% and 0% determined by the Kato-Katz method. Seroconversion from IFT negative to positive was indicating possible newly acquired S. mansoni infection in three children. But confirmation of infection by fecal examination was possible in only one child. The IgM-IFT can constitute a valuable tool for the improvement of the vigilance program in low endemic areas for schistosomiasis, better characterizing the S. mansoni transmission in such areas.

FGFR2 amplification is predictive of sensitivity to regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancers in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Cha, Yongjun; Kim, Hwang-Phill; Lim, Yoojoo; Han, Sae-Won; Song, Sang-Hyun; Kim, Tae-You

2018-03-24

Although regorafenib has demonstrated survival benefits in patients with metastatic colorectal and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, no proven biomarker has been identified for predicting sensitivity to regorafenib. Here, we investigated preclinical activity of regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancer cells to identify genetic alterations associated with sensitivity to regorafenib. Mutation profiles and copy number assays of regorafenib target molecules indicated that amplification of FGFR2 was the only genetic alteration associated with in vitro sensitivity to regorafenib. Regorafenib effectively inhibited phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream signaling molecules in a dose-dependent manner and selectively in FGFR2 amplified cells. Regorafenib induced G1 arrest (SNU-16, KATO-III) and apoptosis (NCI-H716), however, no significant changes were seen in cell lines without FGFR2 amplification. In SNU-16 mice xenografts, regorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth, proliferation, and FGFR signaling compared to treatment with control vehicle. Regorafenib effectively abrogates activated FGFR2 signaling in FGFR2 amplified gastric and colorectal cancer and therefore, might be considered for integration into treatment in patients with FGFR2 amplified gastric and colorectal cancers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Molecular Oncology (2018) © 2018 The Authors. Published by FEBS Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A review of instanton physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Callan, C.G. Jr.

1979-01-01

This is a review paper on the developments in the understanding of QCD, that have flowed from the discovery of instanton. The underlying aim is to gain insight by identifying essential degrees of freedom and to simplify the mathematics by throwing away inessential degrees of freedom. By familiar arguments, all the information in a field theory is contained in the Euclidean Functional Integral (EFI). The solution called instanton is of the kind envisaged by Polyakov since it is localized and has finite action. The instanton can be examined from the point of view of vacuum tunneling. One massless fermion flavor makes some remarkable modification. Among the mathematical developments, the most important is the problem of finding the multi-instanton solution. Another useful development has been the calculation in explicit form of the effect of instantons on the propagation of other field. The contribution of single instantons to the vacuum functional is expected. Effects from instanton fluctuation can be determined qualitatively. Typical of these is the calculation of the heavy quark potential by the device of computing the effect of dilute instanton gas on the Wilson loop. Remarks on the interaction between instantons and the effective coupling of instantons of large scale size are described. (Kato, T.)

Hadron spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Igi, K.

1979-01-01

This paper is related to mini-rapporteur talk on baryonium spectroscopy. First of all, the models of baryonium, namely the diquark model, the string picture, the linear baryonium and the bag model, are described. All of these models so far discussed are highly suggestive. In this paper, discussions are confined to the spectroscopy of the string and the bag models. Because of the color degree of freedom, the bag model has mock diquonium and mock mesonium besides true baryonium. It might be possible that the string model takes into account only a part of them. The constraints among baryonium, baryon and boson trajectories using duality and unitarity were proposed as a guide for classifying various spectra. Inequalities were derived as the modest and reliable constraints on baryonium intercepts from baryon and boson intercepts by imposing unitarity and Regge behaviors on scattering amplitudes. As a consequence of residue factorization and duality, the baryonium slopes were derived. The spin of S (1936) was also obtained. The baryonium containing s or c quarks can also be studied. Topics such as the EXD patterns of baryons, linear baryons, linear Regge trajectories for all Q-anti Q families, and the Al and two Q mesons, are presented in this paper. Comments on di-baryon are described. (Kato, T.)

Review on resonance cone fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohnuma, Toshiro.

1980-02-01

Resonance cone fields and lower hybrid heating are reviewed in this report. The resonance cone fields were reported by Fisher and Gould, and they proposed the use of the measurement of resonance cones and structure as a diagnostic tool to determine the plasma density and electron temperature in magnetoplasma. After the resonance cone, a wave-like disturbance persists. Ohnuma et al. have measured bending, reflection and ducting of resonance cones in detail. The thermal modes in inhomogeneous magnetoplasma were seen. The reflection of thermal mode near an electron plasma frequency layer and an insulating plate has been observed. The non-linear effects of resonance cones is reported. Monochromatic electron beam produces the noise of broad band whistler mode. Lower hybrid waves have been the subject of propagation from the edge of plasma to the lower hybrid layer. Linear lower hybrid waves were studied. The lower hybrid and ion acoustic waves radiated from a point source were observed. The parametric decay of finite-extent, cold electron plasma waves was studied. The lower hybrid cone radiated from a point source going along magnetic field lines was observed. Several experimental data on the lower hybrid heating in tokamak devices have been reported. The theories on resonance cones and lower hybrid waves are introduced in this report. (Kato, T.)

Use of soybean meal and papain to partially replace animal protein for culturing three marine fish species: Fish growth and water quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Mo, W Y; Lau, R S S; Kwok, A C K; Wong, M H

2016-12-01

The main aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using soybean meal added with papain to replace half of the fishmeal used in the moist pellets (49% fishmeal and 45% trash fish) developed by the Hong Kong Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) for culturing marine fish. Gold-lined seabream (Rhabdosargus sarba), brown spotted grouper (Epinephelus bleekeri) and pompano (Trachinotus blochii) were farmed at one of the research stations (Kat-O) of AFCD, for a period of 340 days. Results indicated that diets containing papain resulted in better fish growth (reflected by relative weight gain and feed conversion ratio) than diets without papain. In general, wet weight gain of fish depends on the amount of papain added in diet rather than the diet composition. Soybean used in conjunction with papain also contributed to a more effective growth than fish fed with the moist pellets alone. A laboratory experiment (using tanks) was conducted to study the effects of the diets on concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in the tank water. Results showed that concentrations of ammonia and nitrate were significantly lower (p marine fish and lower the adverse impact of trash fish and fishmeal on water quality of the mariculture zones. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Magnetic ordering of four particle exchange model in BCC 3He

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, Koji; Okada, Isamu

1978-01-01

The low temperature magnetic ordering of BCC 3 He within the mean field approximation was studied. A model including four particle exchange interactions was considered. Two types of cyclic quadrupole exchange process, planar and folded, were taken into account. Assuming four sublattices, it was considered to minimize the spin energy with respect to the classical spin vector and to find out four ordered states at the absolute zero point. They are antiferromagnetic (AF), weak ferromagnetic (WF) and two kinds of simple cubic antiferromagnetic states (SCAF). The condition for the existence of each ordered state is given, and the free energies of the ordered states are calculated in the mean field approximation. The transition between AF or SCAF and the paramagnetic states is of the first order. The phase diagram is drawn in the parameter space. The phase diagram was obtained numerically at Hetherington and Willard's value and at its neighbouring values. The difference between the present result and HW's is that of magnetic field direction in the perpendicular simple cubic antiferromagnetic states. The second order transition disappears, and the WF state changes gradually into AF state. With respect to the first order transition, the transition temperature increases with magnetic field. In this case, a critical magnetic field exists. (Kato, T

Annealing simulation of cascade damage using MARLOWE-DAIQUIRI codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muroga, Takeo

1984-01-01

The localization effect of the defects generated by the cascade damage on the properties of solids was studied by using a computer code. The code is based on the two-body collision approximation method and the Monte Carlo method. The MARLOWE and DAIQUIRI codes were partly improved to fit the present calculation of the annealing of cascade damage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of defects under the simulated reactive and irradiation condition. Calculation was made for alpha iron (BCC), and the threshold energy was set at 40 eV. The temperature dependence of annealing and the growth of a cluster were studied. The overlapping effect of cascade was studied. At first, the extreme case of overlapping was studied, then the practical cases were estimated by interpolation. The state of overlapping of cascade corresponded to the irradiation speed. The interaction between cascade and dislocations was studied, and the calculation of the annealing of primary knock-out atoms (PKA) in alpha iron was performed. At low temperature, the effect of dislocations was large, but the growth of vacancy was not seen. At high temperature, the effect of dislocations was small. The evaluation of the simulation of various ion irradiation and the growth efficiency of defects were performed. (Kato, T.)

Synthetic Approach to biomolecular science by cyborg supramolecular chemistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Kurihara, Kensuke; Matsuo, Muneyuki; Yamaguchi, Takumi; Sato, Sota

2018-02-01

To imitate the essence of living systems via synthetic chemistry approaches has been attempted. With the progress in supramolecular chemistry, it has become possible to synthesize molecules of a size and complexity close to those of biomacromolecules. Recently, the combination of precisely designed supramolecules with biomolecules has generated structural platforms for designing and creating unique molecular systems. Bridging between synthetic chemistry and biomolecular science is also developing methodologies for the creation of artificial cellular systems. This paper provides an overview of the recently expanding interdisciplinary research to fuse artificial molecules with biomolecules, that can deepen our understanding of the dynamical ordering of biomolecules. Using bottom-up approaches based on the precise chemical design, synthesis and hybridization of artificial molecules with biological materials have been realizing the construction of sophisticated platforms having the fundamental functions of living systems. The effective hybrid, molecular cyborg, approaches enable not only the establishment of dynamic systems mimicking nature and thus well-defined models for biophysical understanding, but also the creation of those with highly advanced, integrated functions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biophysical Exploration of Dynamical Ordering of Biomolecular Systems" edited by Dr. Koichi Kato. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of ion acoustic waves on diffusion in a magnetized plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Yukio; Akazaki, Masanori; Fujiyama, Hiroshi.

1975-01-01

This paper describes on the behavior of ion acoustic waves in magnetized plasma. The plasma was produced with a discharge tube placed in an air-core coil. The pressure of argon gas in the discharge tube was 1--10 mTorr. The plasma was entracted along the externally applied magnetic field through a nozzle into a measuring part. The condition of stabilization of drift waves was investigated. Four small glass tubes were placed in contact with the wall of the discharge tube, and the drift wave was remarkably suppressed. Then the ion acoustic waves can be observed. The magnetic field dependence of the frequency of ion acoustic waves was studied. The frequency depends on magnetic field and gas pressure. The magnetic field dependence of the frequency is caused by the variation of electron temperature. The Timofee's theory can explain the magnetic field of generating ion acoustic waves. The ion acoustic waves being excited naturally propagate to the direction of the diamagnetic drift of electrons, and their spectra are monochromatic. The dependence of Dsub(perpendicular), diffusion constant, on magnetic field is explained by two-pole diffusion, and the effect of the monochromatic ion acoustic waves on diffusion is small. (Kato, T.)