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Sample records for ssha gotov bombit

  1. 12500 E heparin and 12500 E of a semisynthetic heparin analogue (SSHA) in preventing thrombosis during radiotherapy of gynaecological carcinomas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hilscher, T.M.

    1983-01-01

    The effects of 12500 E calcium heparin given once daily were contrasted with those seen under daily treatment with 12500 E of a semisynthetic heparin analogue (SSHA) and evaluated using iodine-125-labelled fibrinogen. The study included 80 patients, who were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups on a 1:1 basis. The findings revealed here led to the conclusion that both drugs, administered once daily by the subcutaneous route, were effective in preventing the occurrence of thrombosis during radiation treatment of gynaecological tumours. (orig./MG) [de

  2. Improved sea level determination in the Arctic regions through development of tolerant altimetry retracking

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jain, Maulik

    , primary peak COG retracker, threshold retracker, OCOG retracker and the ESA retracker. For retracker performance evaluation, the standard deviation (STD) of the 1 HzSSHA is computed and a lower value of this STD indicates a more precisely retracked SSHA.The second segment deals with the customized...... retrackers SSHA values are corrected with the estimated bias. The removal of bias between the physical and empirical retrackers is a complex procedure. Various bias removal methods were tried and the best approach has been presented in this thesis.The combined physical empirical retracker results in a better...

  3. Kvartal Volta budet gotov tsherez pjat let

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2007-01-01

    Tallinnasse Tööstuse tänavale AS-i Volta endise tootmishoone alale plaabnitav Volta kvartal valmib 2012. aastal. Ettevõtte juhatuse esimehe Aivar Reiviku sõnul kulub detailplaneeringu koostamiseks kaks ning ehituseks viis aastat. Arendaja: OÜ Koger Kinnisvara

  4. Retrieving Temperature Anomaly in the Global Subsurface and Deeper Ocean From Satellite Observations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Su, Hua; Li, Wene; Yan, Xiao-Hai

    2018-01-01

    Retrieving the subsurface and deeper ocean (SDO) dynamic parameters from satellite observations is crucial for effectively understanding ocean interior anomalies and dynamic processes, but it is challenging to accurately estimate the subsurface thermal structure over the global scale from sea surface parameters. This study proposes a new approach based on Random Forest (RF) machine learning to retrieve subsurface temperature anomaly (STA) in the global ocean from multisource satellite observations including sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA), sea surface salinity anomaly (SSSA), and sea surface wind anomaly (SSWA) via in situ Argo data for RF training and testing. RF machine-learning approach can accurately retrieve the STA in the global ocean from satellite observations of sea surface parameters (SSHA, SSTA, SSSA, SSWA). The Argo STA data were used to validate the accuracy and reliability of the results from the RF model. The results indicated that SSHA, SSTA, SSSA, and SSWA together are useful parameters for detecting SDO thermal information and obtaining accurate STA estimations. The proposed method also outperformed support vector regression (SVR) in global STA estimation. It will be a useful technique for studying SDO thermal variability and its role in global climate system from global-scale satellite observations.

  5. PODAAC-ALTTS-TJ121

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This product contains along track gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2 (depending on time period), with biases...

  6. K ossuzhdeniju kommunizma vsegda gotovõ! / Ljubov Semjonova

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Semjonova, Ljubov

    2003-01-01

    Justiitsministeeriumi 85. aastapäevale pühendatud konverents "Ülekohtust ajaloos". Balti riikide justiitsministrite kavatsus ühiselt ette valmistada pöördumine Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikide poole, et probleemi olemasolu teadvustada ning kommunism Euroopa tasandil ühiselt hukka mõista

  7. Determining the Applicability of the Barotropic Approximation to the Mean Seasonal Flow Through the Tsushima/Korean Strait using Variational Assimilation

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Smith, S. R; Jacobs, G. A; Leben, R. R

    2005-01-01

    .... The velocity measurements are from two lines of moored acoustic Doppler Current profilers (ADCPs) spanning the Tsushima/Korean strait just north and south of Tsushima island and the SSHA measurements are from the TOPEX altimeter...

  8. Gridded 5-day mean sea surface height anomaly and significant wave height from Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2 satellites (NODC Accession 0065055)

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This accession contains the gridded 5-day mean sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and Ku Band significant wave height (SWH-KU) observed from Jason-1 and OSTM/Jason-2...

  9. Hugo Chaves v otsherednoi raz progrozil SShA

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2005-01-01

    Naftaeksportöör Venezuela sõlmis 13 Kariibi mere riigiga energeetikakoostöö leppe, mis tugevdas president Hugo Chavezi poliitilist positsiooni USA mõju vastu regioonis. USA ja Venezuela suhetest

  10. "K borbe za delo kapitalizma - bud gotov!" / Vjatsheslav Ivanov

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Ivanov, Vjatsheslav

    2005-01-01

    Autor võrdleb Res Publica noorpoliitikuid 1970.-1980. aastate komsomolijuhtidega ning ütleb, et entusiasmist, võitluslikkusest ja lubaduste andmisest on vähe, et riiki juhtida, vaja on ka teadmisi, kogemust

  11. Role of interannual Kelvin wave propagations in the equatorial Atlantic on the Angola Benguela Current system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Imbol Koungue, Rodrigue Anicet; Illig, Serena; Rouault, Mathieu

    2017-06-01

    The link between equatorial Atlantic Ocean variability and the coastal region of Angola-Namibia is investigated at interannual time scales from 1998 to 2012. An index of equatorial Kelvin wave activity is defined based on Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA). Along the equator, results show a significant correlation between interannual PIRATA monthly dynamic height anomalies, altimetric monthly Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA), and SSHA calculated with an Ocean Linear Model. This allows us to interpret PIRATA records in terms of equatorial Kelvin waves. Estimated phase speed of eastward propagations from PIRATA equatorial mooring remains in agreement with the linear theory, emphasizing the dominance of the second baroclinic mode. Systematic analysis of all strong interannual equatorial SSHA shows that they precede by 1-2 months extreme interannual Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies along the African coast, which confirms the hypothesis that major warm and cold events in the Angola-Benguela current system are remotely forced by ocean atmosphere interactions in the equatorial Atlantic. Equatorial wave dynamics is at the origin of their developments. Wind anomalies in the Western Equatorial Atlantic force equatorial downwelling and upwelling Kelvin waves that propagate eastward along the equator and then poleward along the African coast triggering extreme warm and cold events, respectively. A proxy index based on linear ocean dynamics appears to be significantly more correlated with coastal variability than an index based on wind variability. Results show a seasonal phasing, with significantly higher correlations between our equatorial index and coastal SSTA in October-April season.

  12. Role of mesoscale eddies on the variability of biogenic flux in the northern and central Bay of Bengal

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Vidya, P.J.; PrasannaKumar, S.

    (1994–1998) and CBBT (1993–1996) showed four distinct peaks with no well-defined seasonal pattern. The inverse relationship between the high flux events and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) along with the dominant periodicity of 10–15 weeks from the Chi...

  13. The influence of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on biogeochemistry of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Positive SST anomalies (SSTA) were found in the Arabian Sea (0.4 to 1.8 ... Keywords. Indian Ocean Dipole; biogeochemistry; carbon; chlorophyll; Arabian Sea; models. ... mainly control the strength of this source (Sarma ... of the CO2 evasion at the air–water interface (70 ..... tive SSHA due to asymmetric effect of upwelling.

  14. United States Security Interests in China: Beyond the ’China Card’.

    Science.gov (United States)

    1981-09-01

    Allies’?" SShA: Ekonomika, politika, ideologia , no. 12 (December 1979), pp. 50-55. Translated In: Soviet Press: Selected Translations, no. 80-5 (May... ideologia , December 1979, pp. 50- 55. Translated In: Soviet Press: Selected Transla- tions, no. 80-5 (May 1980), pp. 150-155. Luttwak, Edward N. "Against the

  15. "Belõje slonõ" gotovõ k razdatshe / Viktor Matizen

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Matizen, Viktor

    2006-01-01

    Venemaa filmikriitikute auhinna "Zolotoi Oven" asemel jagatakse sel aastal esmakordselt Ivan Maksimovi poolt modelleeritud "Valgeid Elevante" ("Belõi slon"). Vene filmikriitikute gildi president selle aasta nominentidest. Lisa : nimekiri "Nominandid preemiale "Valge Elevant" -2005"

  16. Sovremennõi top-menedzher, vsegda bud gotov! / Warren Bennis ; interv. Des Dearlove

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Bennis, Warren

    2005-01-01

    Juhtimisspetsialist ja Harvardi ärikooli õppejõud vastab küsimustele tippjuhi edukuse mõõtmise, põhiomaduste, vanusepiirangu kehtestamise idee, ettevõtte nõukogu ja tippjuhi koostöö tõhustamise võimaluste kohta. Lisa: Mis on kõige suuremad tippjuhi väljakutsed ja võimalused tänapäeval?

  17. Variability of Suitable Habitat of Western Winter-Spring Cohort for Neon Flying Squid in the Northwest Pacific under Anomalous Environments.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wei Yu

    Full Text Available We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI model to evaluate the variability of suitable habitat for neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii under anomalous environments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Commercial fisheries data from the Chinese squid-jigging vessels on the traditional fishing ground bounded by 35°-45°N and 150°-175°E from July to November during 1998-2009 were used for analyses, as well as the environmental variables including sea surface temperature (SST, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a concentration, sea surface height anomaly (SSHA and sea surface salinity (SSS. Two empirical HSI models (arithmetic mean model, AMM; geometric mean model, GMM were established according to the frequency distribution of fishing efforts. The AMM model was found to perform better than the GMM model. The AMM-based HSI model was further validated by the fishery and environmental data in 2010. The predicted HSI values in 1998 (high catch, 2008 (average catch and 2009 (low catch indicated that the squid habitat quality was strongly associated with the ENSO-induced variability in the oceanic conditions on the fishing ground. The La Niña events in 1998 tended to yield warm SST and favorable range of Chl-a concentration and SSHA, resulting in high-quality habitats for O. bartramii. While the fishing ground in the El Niño year of 2009 experienced anomalous cool waters and unfavorable range of Chl-a concentration and SSHA, leading to relatively low-quality squid habitats. Our findings suggest that the La Niña event in 1998 tended to result in more favorable habitats for O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific with the gravity centers of fishing efforts falling within the defined suitable habitat and yielding high squid catch; whereas the El Niño event in 2009 yielded less favorable habitat areas with the fishing effort distribution mismatching the suitable habitat and a dramatic decline of the catch of O. bartramii. This study might provide some potentially

  18. DECISION MAKING STYLES AND STUDY ORIENTATION

    OpenAIRE

    Govind, K.; Amalor, D.

    2016-01-01

    The present study is an attempt to study the relationship of Study Orientation (Study Habits and Attitudes) with decision making styles among higher secondary students. Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) developed by Brown and Holtzman (1967) and Flinders Decision Making Questionnaires I and II (DMQ-I and DMQ-II) developed by Mann (1982) were used to collect data. As large as 148 Higher Secondary Students pursuing the first year study of Higher Secondary Course (HSC) participated in ...

  19. Investigating the Potential Impact of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Altimeter on Ocean Mesoscale Prediction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carrier, M.; Ngodock, H.; Smith, S. R.; Souopgui, I.

    2016-02-01

    NASA's Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) observations with a wider swath width and higher spatial resolution than current satellite altimeters. It is expected that this will help to further constrain ocean models in terms of the mesoscale circulation. In this work, this expectation is investigated by way of twin data assimilation experiments using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model Four Dimensional Variational (NCOM-4DVAR) data assimilation system using a weak constraint formulation. Here, a nature run is created from which SWOT observations are sampled, as well as along-track SSHA observations from simulated Jason-2 tracks. The simulated SWOT data has appropriate spatial coverage, resolution, and noise characteristics based on an observation-simulator program provided by the SWOT science team. The experiment is run for a three-month period during which the analysis is updated every 24 hours and each analysis is used to initialize a 96 hour forecast. The forecasts in each experiment are compared to the available nature run to determine the impact of the assimilated data. It is demonstrated here that the SWOT observations help to constrain the model mesoscale in a more consistent manner than traditional altimeter observations. The findings of this study suggest that data from SWOT may have a substantial impact on improving the ocean model analysis and forecast of mesoscale features and surface ocean transport.

  20. Observation of baroclinic eddies southeast of Okinawa Island

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    PARK; Jae-Hun

    2008-01-01

    In the region southeast of Okinawa, during May to July 2001, a cyclonic and an anticyclonic eddy were observed from combined measurements of hydrocasts, an upward-looking moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (MADCP), pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIESs), satellite altimetry, and a coastal tide gauge. The hydrographic data showed that the lowest/highest temperature (T) and salinity (S) anomalies from a 13-year mean for the same season were respectively -3.0/+2.5℃ and -0.20/+0.15 psu at 380/500 dbar for the cyclonic/anticyclonic eddies. From the PIES data, using a gravest empirical mode method, we estimated time-varying surface dynamic height (D) anomaly referred to 2000 dbar changing from -20 to 30 cm, and time-varying T and S anomalies at 500 dbar ranging through about ±2 ℃ and ±0.2 psu, respectively. The passage of the eddies caused variations of both satellite-measured sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and tide-gauge-measured sea level anomaly to change from about –20 to 30 cm, consistent with the D anomaly from the PIESs. Bottom pressure sensors measured no variation related to these eddy activities, which indicated that the two eddies were dominated by baro-clinicity. Time series of SSHA map confirmed that the two eddies, originating from the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent region near 20°―30°N and 150°―160°E, traveled about 3000 km for about 18 months with mean westward propagation speed of about 6 cm/s, before arriving at the region southeast of Okinawa Island.

  1. Detection of pelagic habitat hotspots for skipjack tuna in the Gulf of Bone-Flores Sea, southwestern Coral Triangle tuna, Indonesia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zainuddin, Mukti; Farhum, Aisjah; Safruddin, Safruddin; Selamat, Muhammad Banda; Sudirman, Sudirman; Nurdin, Nurjannah; Syamsuddin, Mega; Ridwan, Muhammad; Saitoh, Sei-Ichi

    2017-01-01

    Using remote sensing of sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) together with catch data, we investigated the detection and persistence of important pelagic habitat hotspots for skipjack tuna in the Gulf of Bone-Flores Sea, Indonesia. We analyzed the data for the period between the northwest and southeast monsoon 2007-2011. A pelagic hotspot index was constructed from a model of multi-spectrum satellite-based oceanographic data in relation to skipjack fishing performance. Results showed that skipjack catch per unit efforts (CPUEs) increased significantly in areas of highest pelagic hotspot indices. The distribution and dynamics of habitat hotspots were detected by the synoptic measurements of SST, SSHA and Chl-a ranging from 29.5° to 31.5°C, from 2.5 to 12.5 cm and from 0.15 to 0.35 mg m-3, respectively. Total area of hotspots consistently peaked in May. Validation of skipjack CPUE predicted by our model against observed data from 2012 was highly significant. The key pelagic habitat corresponded with the Chl-a front, which could be related to the areas of relatively high prey abundance (enhanced feeding opportunity) for skipjack. We found that the area and persistence of the potential skipjack habitat hotspots for the 5 years were clearly identified by the 0.2 mg m-3 Chl-a isopleth, suggesting that the Chl-a front provides a key oceanographic indicator for global understanding on skipjack tuna habitat hotspots in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, especially within Coral Triangle tuna.

  2. The United States Atomic Energy Commission Programme of Nuclear Materials Management; Le Programme de Gestion des Matieres Nucleaires Applique par L'USAEC; Programma komissii po atomnoj ehnergii ssha v oblasti obrashcheniya s yadernymi materialami; El Programa de Administracion de Materiales Nucleares de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    George, D. E. [United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)

    1966-02-15

    seguidos por la AEC para asegurarse de la eficacia de los programas establecidos por sus contratistas para la administracion de los materiales nucleares. Ademas de las que se encuentran en poder de los contratistas que explotan plantas y laboratorios de la AEC, existen considerables cantidades de materiales nucleares especiales que son objeto de una gran variedad de arreglos de caracter financiero y administrativo: en arriendo, con el titulo de propiedad transferido, sujetos a contratos en virtud de los cuales el usuario es responsable economicamente de las perdidas o a acuerdos en los que se estipula que las perdidas recaen en la AEC. La memoria trata de la forma en que la AEC enfoca esas situaciones tan distintas y concluye con un breve resumen de los problemas que aun quedan por resolver. (author) [Russian] Opredeljaetsja oblast' obrashhenija s jadernymi materialami pod rukovodstvom Komissii po atomnoj jenergii SShA i izlagaetsja istorija razvitija jetoj otrasli proizvodstva s 1943 goda do nastojashhego vremeni.. Namechaetsja i obsuzhdaetsja v obshhih chertah osnovnaja programma. Upor delaetsja na osushhestvlenie teh chastej programmy KAJe SShA, kotorye imejut otnoshenie k razrabotke i hraneniju kolichestvennyh dannyh, ustanovleniju vnutrennego kontrolja i ocenke kachestva ispolnenija. Dovol'no podrobno obsuzhdajutsja primenjaemye v nastojashhee vremja metody registracii i obrabotki dannyh o peredache v ramkah KAJe, kak, naprimer, metody predstavlenija otchetov o balanse materialov, v kotoryh periodicheski obobshhajutsja perevody i rezul'taty operacij. Takzhe obsuzhdajutsja metody, primenjaemye KAJe dlja proverki jeffektivnosti programm podrjadchikov v oblasti obrashhenija s jadernymi materialami. Krome materiala, kotorym raspolagajut podrjadchiki, jekspluatirujushhie ustanovki i laboratorii, prinadlezhashhie KAJe, bol'shoe kolichestvo special'nogo rasshhepljajushhego materiala postupaet v ramkah ochen' raznoobraznyh finansovyh i administrativnyh meroprijatij, naprimer

  3. An assessment of TropFlux and NCEP air-sea fluxes on ROMS simulations over the Bay of Bengal region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dey, Dipanjan; Sil, Sourav; Jana, Sudip; Pramanik, Saikat; Pandey, P. C.

    2017-12-01

    This study presents an assessment of the TropFlux and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis air-sea fluxes in simulating the surface and subsurface oceanic parameters over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) region during 2002-2014 using the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS). The assessment has been made by comparing the simulated fields with in-situ and satellite observations. The simulated surface and subsurface temperatures in the TropFlux forced experiment (TropFlux-E) show better agreement with the Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis (RAMA) and Argo observations than the NCEP forced experiment (NCEP-E). The BoB domain averaged sea surface temperature (SST) simulated in the NCEP-E is consistently cooler than the satellite SST, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.79 °C. Moreover, NCEP-E shows a limitation in simulating the observed seasonal cycle of the SST due to substantial underestimation of the pre-monsoon SST peak. These limitations are mostly due to the lower values of the NCEP net heat flux. The seasonal and interannual variations of SST in the TropFlux-E are better comparable to the observations with correlations and skills more than 0.80 and 0.90 respectively. However, SST is overestimated during summer monsoon periods mainly due to higher net heat flux. The superiority of TropFlux forcing over the NCEP reanalysis can also be seen when simulating the interannual variabilities of the magnitude and vertical extent of Wyrtki jets at two equatorial RAMA buoy locations. The jet is weaker in the NCEP-E relative to the TropFlux-E and observations. The simulated sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from both the experiments are able to capture the regions of positive and negative SSHA with respect to satellite-derived altimeter data with better performance in the TropFlux-E. The speed of the westward propagating Rossby wave along 18°N in the TropFlux-E is found to be about 4.7 cm/s, which is close to

  4. Satellite-observed variability of phytoplankton size classes associated with a cold eddy in the South China Sea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lin, Junfang; Cao, Wenxi; Wang, Guifen; Hu, Shuibo

    2014-06-15

    Ocean-color remote sensing has been used as a tool to detect phytoplankton size classes (PSCs). In this study, a three-component model of PSC was reparameterized using seven years of pigment measurements acquired in the South China Sea (SCS). The model was then used to infer PSC in a cyclonic eddy which was observed west of Luzon Island from SeaWiFS chlorophyll-a (chla) and sea-surface height anomaly (SSHA) products. Enhanced productivity and a shift in the PSC were observed, which were likely due to upwelling of nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone. The supply of nutrients promoted the growth of larger cells (micro- and nanoplankton), and the PSC shifted to greater sizes. However, the picoplankton were still important and contributed ∼48% to total chla concentration. In addition, PSC time series revealed a lag period of about three weeks between maximum eddy intensity and maximum chlorophyll, which may have been related to phytoplankton growth rate and duration of eddy intensity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Challenges in modelling spatiotemporally varying phytoplankton blooms in the Northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sedigh Marvasti, S.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Bidokhti, A. A.; Dunne, J. P.; Ghader, S.

    2015-07-01

    We examine interannual variability of phytoplankton blooms in northwestern Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. Satellite data (SeaWIFS ocean color) shows two climatological blooms in this region, a wintertime bloom peaking in February and a summertime bloom peaking in September. A pronounced anti-correlation between the AVISO sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) and chlorophyll is found during the wintertime bloom. On a regional scale, interannual variability of the wintertime bloom is thus dominated by cyclonic eddies which vary in location from one year to another. These results were compared against the outputs from three different 3-D Earth System models. We show that two coarse (1°) models with the relatively complex biogeochemistry (TOPAZ) capture the annual cycle but neither eddies nor the interannual variability. An eddy-resolving model (GFDL CM2.6) with a simpler biogeochemistry (miniBLING) displays larger interannual variability, but overestimates the wintertime bloom and captures eddy-bloom coupling in the south but not in the north. The southern part of the domain is a region with a much sharper thermocline and nutricline relatively close to the surface, in which eddies modulate diffusive nutrient supply to the surface (a mechanism not previously emphasized in the literature). We suggest that for the model to simulate the observed wintertime blooms within cyclones, it will be necessary to represent this relatively unusual nutrient structure as well as the cyclonic eddies. This is a challenge in the Northern Arabian Sea as it requires capturing the details of the outflow from the Persian Gulf.

  6. Biological Aspects of Disposal of Radioactive Wastes in Marine Environments; Aspects Biologiques de l'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs dans le Milieu Marin; 0411 0418 041e 041b 041e 0413 0418 0427 0414 ; Aspectos Biologicos de la Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos en Medios Marinos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chipman, Walter A. [United States Bureau of Commercial Fisheries (United States)

    1960-07-01

    des eaux le long du littoral. (author) [Spanish] Al evacuar desechos radiactivos en las aguas de mar, es preciso tener en cuenta la acumulacion de radiactividad por la fauna y la flora marinas. Tal acumulacion por los organismos marinos que el hombre consume como alimento podrian influir en el aprovechamiento o abundancia de esos organismos. Como actividad cooperativa de la U.S. Atomic Energy Comission y del U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, se estan llevando a cabo en Beaufort (North Carolina) estudios de laboratorio sobre la acumulacion, por el plancton marino, los invertebrados benticos y diversas especies de peces marinos, de una serie de radionuclidos presentes en diferentes desechos, asi como sobre los efectos biologicos que en dichos organismos ejerce la acumulacion de radiactividad. Estas investigaciones contribuyen a facilitar datos esenciales para la elaboracion de metodos de evacuacion de desechos y para asegurar la navegacion sin riesgos por las aguas costeras de buques propulsados por energia nuclear. Son asimismo utiles para el establecimiento de programas de monitoraje destinados a descubrir y evaluar los riesgos derivados de la contaminacion accidental de las aguas interiores. (author) [Russian] Udalenie radioaktivnyh othodov v morja mozhet vyzvat' skoplenie radioaktivnyh veshhestv vo vseh morskih organizmah. Takoe skoplenie radioaktivnyh veshhestv v organizmah, pitajushhihsja iskljuchitel'no produktami morja, mozhet otrazit'sja na vozmozhnosti ih ispol'zovanija i na ih prigodnosti. Laboratornye issledovanija skoplenija vazhnyh radioaktivnyh izotopov iz razlichnyh othodov, obnaruzhennyh v morskom planktone, v bespozvonochnyh zhivotnyh morskogo dna i v razlichnyh vidah morskoj ryby, i biologicheskogo vozdejstvija nakoplennyh radioaktivnyh veshhestv na jeti organizmy v nastojashhee vremja provodjatsja v Boforte, Severnaja Karolina, v porjadke sotrudnichestva mezhdu Komissiej po atomnoj jenergii SShA i Bjuro torgovogo rybolovstva SShA. Blagodarja jetim

  7. Remote sensing observations of phytoplankton increases triggered by successive typhoons

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Lei; Zhao, Hui; Pan, Jiayi; Devlin, Adam

    2017-12-01

    Phytoplankton blooms in the Western North Pacific, triggered by two successive typhoons with different intensities and translation speeds under different pre-existing oceanic conditions, were observed and analyzed using remotely sensed chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) data, as well as typhoon parameters and CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) profiles. Typhoon Sinlaku, with relatively weaker intensity and slower translation speed, induced a stronger phytoplankton bloom than Jangmi with stronger intensity and faster translation speed (Chl-a>0.18 mg·m‒3 versus Chl-aTaiwan Island. Translation speed may be one of the important mechanisms that affect phytoplankton blooms in the study area. Pre-existing cyclonic circulations provided a relatively unstable thermodynamic structure for Sinlaku, and therefore cold water with rich nutrients could be brought up easily. The mixed-layer deepening caused by Typhoon Sinlaku, which occurred first, could have triggered an unfavorable condition for the phytoplankton bloom induced by Typhoon Jangmi which followed afterwards. The sea surface temperature cooling by Jangmi was suppressed due to the presence of the thick upper-ocean mixed-layer, which prevented the deeper cold water from being entrained into the upper-ocean mixed layer, leading to a weaker phytoplankton augment. The present study suggests that both wind (including typhoon translation speed and intensity) and pre-existing conditions (e.g., mixed-layer depths, eddies, and nutrients) play important roles in the strong phytoplankton bloom, and are responsible for the stronger phytoplankton bloom after Sinlaku's passage than that after Jangmi's passage. A new typhoon-influencing parameter is introduced that combines the effects of the typhoon forcing (including the typhoon intensity and translation speed) and the oceanic pre-condition. This parameter shows that the forcing effect of Sinlaku was stronger than

  8. Simplified Procedures for Obtaining Clearances of Foods Preserved by Ionizing Energy; Procedures Simplifiees pour Obtenir l'Autorisation de Produire des Denrees Alimentaires Conservees par les Rayonnements Ionisants; Uproshennaya protsedura polucheniya razreshenij na prodazhu obluchennk pishchevykh produktov; Simplificacion de los Procedimientos para la Obtencion de Autorizaciones de Venta de Alimentos Conservados Mediante Radiaciones Ionizantes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Josephson, E. S. [United States Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, MA (United States)

    1966-11-15

    comestibilidad plenamente satisfactorias. En los Estados Unidos, antes de pasar a la produccion en escala comercial para lanzar el producto al mercado, es preciso obtener la aprobacion de la United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) y en lo que se refiere a las carnesde mamiferos ydeaves, del United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Estos organismos han dado su aprobacion para productos como el tocino, el trigo y sus derivados, y las patatas blancas, despues de recibir y examinar peticiones acompanadas de toda la informacion pertinente: procedimiento que se aplicara, descripcion del conjunto alimento-envase objeto de la peticion, fuente radiactiva que se va a emplear, orden de magnitud de la dosis, metodos de dosimetria, datos sobre comestibilidad y valor nutritivo, pruebas positivas de seguridad microbiologica, ausencia de radiactividad inducida detectable, datos de aceptacion obtenidos por grupos de catadores y, cuando proceda, datos referentes al almacenamiento y transporte. La reunion de todos los datos necesarios para que se apruebe la peticion exige mucho tiempo y resulta costosa. Para remediar esta situacion se esta revisando todo el proceso de acopio de datos y de presentacion de peticiones a fin de hacerlo mas expedito. En la memoria formulan sugerencias sobre los medios mas apropiados para lograr este fin. (author) [Russian] Posle trinadcati let intensivnyh issledovanij s primeneniem bol'shih doz ionizirujushhej jenergii v nastojashhee vremja v laboratorii mozhno poluchit' sledu shhie produkty vysokogo kachestva, ne portjashhiesja pri dlitel'nyh srokah hranenija: bekon, vetchinu, svininu, kury i krevetki. Ispol'zuja dozy men'she 1 Mrad, mozhno znachitel'no uvelichit' sroki hranenija takih produktov, kak ryba, pshenica, muchnye produkty, apel'siny i belyj kartofel',bez ushherba dlja ih kachestva i prigodnosti upotreblenija v pishhu. Dlja togo, chtoby nachat' proizvodstvo takih obluchennyh produktov v SShA v shirokih kommerchesk: masshtabah potrebujutsja

  9. Satellite Assessment of Bio-Optical Properties of Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lohrenz, Steven E; Cai, Wei-Jun; Chen, Xiaogang; Tuel, Merritt

    2008-07-10

    The impacts of major tropical storms events on coastal waters include sediment resuspension, intense water column mixing, and increased delivery of terrestrial materials into coastal waters. We examined satellite imagery acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color sensor aboard the Aqua spacecraft following two major hurricane events: Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall on 29 August 2005, and Hurricane Rita, which made landfall on 24 September. MODIS Aqua true color imagery revealed high turbidity levels in shelf waters immediately following the storms indicative of intense resuspension. However, imagery following the landfall of Katrina showed relatively rapid return of shelf water mass properties to pre-storm conditions. Indeed, MODIS Aqua-derived estimates of diffuse attenuation at 490 nm (K_490) and chlorophyll (chlor_a) from mid-August prior to the landfall of Hurricane Katrina were comparable to those observed in mid-September following the storm. Regions of elevated K_490 and chlor_a were evident in offshore waters and appeared to be associated with cyclonic circulation (cold-core eddies) identified on the basis of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA). Imagery acquired shortly after Hurricane Rita made landfall showed increased water column turbidity extending over a large area of the shelf off Louisiana and Texas, consistent with intense resuspension and sediment disturbance. An interannual comparison of satellite-derived estimates of K_490 for late September and early October revealed relatively lower levels in 2005, compared to the mean for the prior three years, in the vicinity of the Mississippi River birdfoot delta. In contrast, levels above the previous three year mean were observed off Texas and Louisiana 7-10 d after the passage of Rita. The lower values of K_490 near the delta could be attributed to relatively low river discharge during the preceding months of the 2005 season. The elevated levels off Texas and

  10. Tritium Studies in the United States. Geological Survey; Le tritium dans les etudes entreprises par le Service Geologique des Etats-Unis; Izuchenie tritiya v svyazi s geologicheskim obsledovaniem ssha; El tritio en los estudios del Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carlston, C W; Thatcher, L L [United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC (United States)

    1962-01-15

    The Geological Survey is conducting a programe of research in laboratory analysis of tritium and in several field projects designed to test the value of tritium in hydrologie research. Laboratory studies have been undertaken to improve the gas-phase counting technique and to develop a simple instrumentation adapted to programme requirements of long-range hydrologie research. Investigation of various gas-counting mixtures indicates that hydrogen-ether and hydrogen-ethylene mixtures are superior. Electrolytic enrichment has been investigated with the objective of improving reproducibility and evaluating separation factors under several conditions. A system that provides 75% tritium recovery on a routine basis has been developed. The principal field projects consist in: (1) A tritium study in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey indicating that layering of water of different ages occurs beneath the water table; (2) Studies in two different geologic terranes for determination of the fate of tritium fallout in the 1958 thermonuclear bomb tests; (3) Use of tritium to determine ground-water recharge to Tertiary sandstones underlying the semi-arid High Plains of New Mexico; (4) A study of tritium content of the ground water of the Snake River Plain in Idaho to develop information on the age of and rates and direction of movement of water; and (5) Use of manufactured tritium as a tracer for determination of the capacity of an underground reservoir near Carlsbad, New Mexico. (author) [French] Le Service geologique poursuit un programme de recherches qui comprend l'analyse du tritium au laboratoire et plusieurs projets executes sur le terrain et destines a verifier quelle est l'utilite du tritium dans la recherche hydrologique. Il a entrepris des etudes de laboratoire pour ameliorer la technique de comptage en phase gazeuse et mettre au point un appareillage simple, adapte aux besoins du programme en matiere de recherches hydrologiques a long terme. L'etude de divers melanges de gaz pour le comptage indique la superiorite des melanges hydrogene-ether et hydrogene-ethylene. Le Service a fait des recherches sur l'enrichissement electrolytique en vue d'ameliorer la reproductibilite et d'evaluer les facteurs de separation dans differentes conditions. Il a mis au point un systeme qui permet de recuperer regulierement 75% de tritium. Les principaux projets executes sur le terrain sont: 1. Une etude au moyen du tritium faite dans la plaine cotiere du New Jersey, d'ou il ressort qu'il se produit sous le niveau de la nappe aquifere une superposition par couches des eaux de differents ages. 2. Des etudes sur deux differents massifs autochtones, dont l'objet est de determiner le sort des retombees de tritium provenant des essais de bombes thermonucleaires effectues en 1958. 3. L'utilisation du tritium en vue d'etudier le reapprovisionnement en eau souterreine des gres tertiaires qui constituent le soubassement des hauts plateaux semi-arides du Nouveau-Mexique. 4. Une etude sur la teneur en tritium des eaux souterraines de la Snake River Plain dans l'Idaho, dont l'objet est de recueillir des renseignements sur l'age de ces eaux, ainsi que sur leur debit et la direction de leur mouvement. 5. L'utilisation comme indicateur de tritium prepare, en vue de determiner la capacite d'un reservoir souterrain pres de Carlsbad (Nouveau-Mexique). (author) [Spanish] El Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos esta llevando a la practica un programa de investigaciones que abarca analisis de tritio en el laboratorio y varios estudios en el terreno, con el fin de probar la utilidad del tritio en las investigaciones hidrologicas. Se han emprendido estudios de laboratorio tendientes a mejorar la tecnica de recuento en fase gaseosa y a perfeccionar un instrumental sencillo que satisfaga las exigencias de un programa de investigaciones hidrologicas a largo plazo. De los estudios efectuados con distintas mezclas gaseosas de recuento, se deduce que la de hidrogeno-eter y la de hydrogeno-etileno son las mas satisfactorias. Se ha estudiado el enriquecimiento electrolitico con el proposito de mejorar la reproductibilidad del metodo y de evaluar los factores de separacion en diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se ha encontrado un prodecimiento que permite recuperar regularmente el 75 por ciento del tritio. Los principales trabajos efectuados en el terreno consisten en: 1. Un estudio realizado con ayuda de tritio en la llanura costera de Nueva Jersey, el cual indica que debajo del nivel freatico el agua aparece dispuesta en capas de diferentes edades. 2. Estudios en dos macizos autoctonos diferentes con el fin de determinar el comportamiento del tritio precipitado a raiz de los ensayos termonucleares realizados en 1958. 3. Utilizacion del tritio para determinar la renovacion del agua subterranea en las areniscas terciarias subyacentes a los altiplanos semiaridos de Nuevo Mexico. 4. Un estudio del contenido de tritio en las aguas subterraneas de la llanura del Snake River-en Idaho, que se lleva a cabo en procura de datos sobre la edad, los caudales y la direccion de cir, culacion del agua. 5. La determinacion de la capacidad de un deposito subterraneo proximo a Carlsbad, Nuevo Mexico, usando tritio industrial como indicador. (author) [Russian] Upravlenie geologicheskogo obsledovaniya provodit issledovatel'skuyu programmu kak po linii laboratornogo analiza tritiya, tak i v tselom ryade proektov na mestakh, napravlennykh na izuchenie vozmozhnoj foli tritiya v gidrologicheskikh izyskaniyakh. Laboratornye issledovaniya byli predprinyaty s tsel'yu usovershenstvovaniya tekhniki otschetov impul'sov gazovoj fazy, a takzhe s tsel'yu razrabotki prostykh priborov, prisposoblennykh dlya vypolneniya programmy dolgosrochnogo gidrologicheskogo obsledovaniya . Izuchenie razlichnykh prigodnykh dlya scheta gazovykh smesej pokazyvaet na preimushchestva smesej' vodoroda s ehfirom i vodoroda s ehtilenom. Bylo izucheno ehlekroliticheskoe obogashchenie s tsel'yu uluchsheniya vosproizvodimosti i otsenki koeffitsientov otdeleniya v raznoobraznykh usloviyakh. Byla vyrabotana sistema, obespechivayushchaya pri obychnoj rabote 75-protsentnoe vosstanovlenie tritiya. Glavnye proekty na mestakh predstavlyayutsya v sleduyushchem vide: 1) Issledovanie pri pomoshchi ritiya pribrezhnoj doliny N'yu-Dzhersi pokazyvaet, chto nizhe gorizonta gruntovykh vod proiskhodit rassloenie vody v zavisimosti ot ee vozrasta. 2) V dvukh razlichnykh geologicheskikh gruntakh byli proizvedeny issledovaniya dlya opredeleniya sud'by radioaktivnykh osadkov tritiya posle ispytaniya termoyadernoj bomby v 1958 godu. 3) Tritij ispol'zuetsya dlya opredeleniya vosstanovleniya vodnykh apasov v tretichnykh peschanikakh podpochvennykh plastov polupustynny h loskogorij Novoj Meksiki. 4) Proizvoditsya issledovanie soderzhaniya tritiya v podpochvennykh vodakh doliny reki Snejk v Ajdakho dlya polucheniya svedenij otnositel'no vozrasta ehtoj vody, skorosti ee techeniya i ego napravleniya. 5) Iskusstvennyj tritij ispol'zuetsya v vide indikatora dlya opredeleniya emkosti podpochvennogo vodonosnogo bassejna vblizi Karlsbada, v Novoj Meksike. (author)

  11. Satellite Assessment of Bio-Optical Properties of Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Merritt Tuel

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available The impacts of major tropical storms events on coastal waters include sediment resuspension, intense water column mixing, and increased delivery of terrestrial materials into coastal waters. We examined satellite imagery acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS ocean color sensor aboard the Aqua spacecraft following two major hurricane events: Hurricane Katrina, which made landfall on 29 August 2005, and Hurricane Rita, which made landfall on 24 September. MODIS Aqua true color imagery revealed high turbidity levels in shelf waters immediately following the storms indicative of intense resuspension. However, imagery following the landfall of Katrina showed relatively rapid return of shelf water mass properties to pre-storm conditions. Indeed, MODIS Aqua-derived estimates of diffuse attenuation at 490 nm (K_490 and chlorophyll (chlor_a from mid-August prior to the landfall of Hurricane Katrina were comparable to those observed in mid-September following the storm. Regions of elevated K_490 and chlor_a were evident in offshore waters and appeared to be associated with cyclonic circulation (cold-core eddies identified on the basis of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA. Imagery acquired shortly after Hurricane Rita made landfall showed increased water column turbidity extending over a large area of the shelf off Louisiana and Texas, consistent with intense resuspension and sediment disturbance. An interannual comparison of satellite-derived estimates of K_490 for late September and early October revealed relatively lower levels in 2005, compared to the mean for the prior three years, in the vicinity of the Mississippi River birdfoot delta. In contrast, levels above the previous three year mean were observed off Texas and Louisiana 7-10 d after the passage of Rita. The lower values of K_490 near the delta could be attributed to relatively low river discharge during the preceding months of the 2005 season. The elevated levels

  12. Irradiation as a Quarantine Control Measure; Irradiation Comme Mesure de Controle Sanitaire; Obluchenie kak mera po karantinnomu kontrolyu; La Irradiacion Como Sustitutivo de las Medidas de Cuarentena

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cornwell, P. B. [Rentokil Laboratories Ltd., Felcourt, Sussex (United Kingdom)

    1966-11-15

    este problema y si la irradiacion de ciertos productos puede sustituir las tecnicas de fumigacion actualmente aplicadas. Cita algunos ejemplos de como pueden emplearse las radiaciones para desinfestar el equipaje de los viajeros en aeropuertos, impedir la propagacion de plagas de la fruta a traves de las fronteras y tratar la madera de importacion. Considera que la suelta de insectos esterilizados como medida continua de control puede sustituir las operaciones de cuarentena y de tratamiento de zonas para la contencion de plagas. (author) [Russian] VT965 godu cherez granicy SShA prosledovalo sto vosem'desjat shest' millionov chelovek. Iz 446 000 partij gruzov, obsledovannyh v portah pribytija SShA v proshlom godu, 32 000 okazalis' zarazhennymi. Gromadnoe uvelichenie mezhdunarodnogo turizma, obmena tovarami v processe torgovli i skorosti peredvizhenija iz odnoj chasti mira v druguju trebujut prinjatija strogih mer po predotvrashheniju vsemirnogo rasprostranenija 'nezhelatel'nyh' vidov nasekomyh. V sluchae pojavlenija jekzoticheskih vidov karantinnyj kontrol' za kolichestvom nasekomyh-vreditelej, ih rasprostraneniem i bystrym ih razmnozheniem trebuet bol'shih usilij po provedeniju kampanij, sderzhivajushhih rasprostranenie nasekomyh s cel'ju ih unichtozhenija. Javljaetsja li ''kontrol'' naibolee jekonomichnym sredstvom bor'by i rasprostraneniem nezhelatel'nyh vidov nasekomyh? Javljaetsja li sozdanie tehnicheskih sredstv po obrabotke posredstvom obluchenija opredelennyh vidov gruzov v punktah importa ili jeksporta, ili v sbornyh punktah vozmozhnym otvetom na jetot vopros? Mozhet li obluchenie nekotoryh produktov zamenit' sushhestvujushhie metody dezinfekcii? Privodjatsja primery vozmozhnogo ispol'zovanija obluchenija dlja obrabotki bagazha passazhirov v ajeroportah v celjah predotvrashhenija rasprostranenija nasekomyh-vreditelej fruktovyh kul'tur za predely vnutrennih granic gosudarstva i primery obrabotki drevesiny pri vvoze. Nepreryvnoe rasprostranenie sterilizovannyh

  13. Irradiation of Poultry and Egg Products; Irradiation de la Volaille et des Ceufs et Derives; Obluchenie domashnej ptitsy, yaits i izdelij iz nikh; Irradiacion de Volateria, Huevos y Productos Derivados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Thornley, Margaret J. [Sub-Department of Chemical Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

    1966-11-15

    estudiaran las necesidades y ventajas economicas, la comestibilidad, la preparacion de productos, su envasado y su aceptacion por los consumidores. (author) [Russian] Domashnjaja ptica, jajca i izdelija iz nih mogut uspeshno obrabatyvat'sja s pomoshh'ju razlichnyh processov obluchenija v razlichnyh uslovijah. Kogda rech' idet o zarazhenii Salmonella mozhet osushhestvljat'sja 'radisidacija' s dozami porjadka 0,5 megarad. Jeto osobenno jeffektivno v otnoshenii zamorozhennyh produktov, takih kak jajca i nekotorye vidy domashnej pticy, osobenno utki. Takim zhe obrazom mogut obrabatyvat'sja suhie jaichnye produkty. Dannyj metod detal'no opisan drugimi avtorami (Lej, Mossel). Obrabotka tushek domashnej pticy s tem, chtoby oni mogli hranit'sja v techenie prodolzhitel'nogo vremeni, ili {sup r}adappertizacija{sup ,} mozhet byt' dostignuta s pomoshh'ju doz v 4,5 Mrad. Odnako narjadu s oblucheniem pri jetom dolzhny primenjat'sja drugie processy dlja predotvrashhenija nezhelatel'nyh privkusov. Jeti processy mogut zakljuchat'sja v predvaritel'nom nagrevanii dlja inaktivacii fermentov, obluchenii e zamorozhennom sostojanii, v vakuumnyh ili azotnyh upakovkah ili s aktivirovannym drevesnym uglem v upakovke, i inogda rekomendujutsja otdel'nye metody zharenija. Jeti metody predstavljajut interes dlja vooruzhennyh sil i shiroko izuchajutsja v ramkah programmy issledovanij armii SShA. Process 'radurizacii' v otnoshenii domashnej ptniy, t.e. uvelichenie sroka hranenija putem inaktivacii bol'shej chasti mikroorganizmov, vyzyvajushhih porchu produktov, predstavljajut interes dlja kommercheskogo ispol'zovanija. Dozy v diapazone 0,15-0,25 megarad mogut ispol'zovat'sja bez neblagoprijatnogo vozdejstvija na vkus produktov i uvelichat period hranenija bez porchi, vyzyvaemoj mikroorganizmami, v poltora - tri raza. Neobhodimym javljaetsja hranenie pri nizkih temperaturah (5 Degree-Sign C ili nizhe), i izmenenie vkusovyh kachestv v period hranenija mozhet ogranichit' prodolzhitel'nost' dannogo perioda

  14. Criteria for Special Nuclear Materials Inventory and Control Procedures; Criteres a Suivre Pour Proceder a l'Inventaire des Matieres Nucleaires Speciales et aux Mesures de Controle; Kriterii dlya inventarizatsii spetsial'nykh yadernykh materialov i metody ucheta; Criterios a Que Deben Ajustarse los Procedimientos de Inventario y Control de los Materiales Nucleares Especiales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kinderman, E. M.; Tarrice, R. R. [Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

    1966-02-15

    nucleares se emplearan en grandes cantidades: basta senalar que un reactor de 500 MW, moderado por agua ligera, necesitara de 50 a 75 toneladas de material enriquecido al 3% y que es probable que en 1980 funcionen en el mundo de 200 a 300 reactores de esta potencia. La experiencia ha permitido elaborar procedimientos y practicas especiales para el control comercial de grandes cantidades de materiales baratos, como el carbon o el mineral de hierro, y de pequenas cantidades de materiales caros, como los metales preciosos. Aunque sus precios son similares a los de estos ultimos, los materiales nucleares especiales son de distinta clase y se utilizaran en cantidades mucho mayores. De todas formas, aunque quiza sea necesario recurrir a tecnicas especiales o adaptar tecnicas antiguas, en la mayoria de los casos bastara utilizar convenientemente los procedimientos ya conocidos de control de las existencias para proteger en forma adecuada las inversiones nacionales o individuales en esos materiales tan caros. En la memoria se exponen algunos criterios para el control de los materiales. Se estudian especialmente las tecnicas de control de las existencias (desde el balance contable anual hasta el inventario ffsico efectuado a diario) que resultan mas apropiadas dado el valor especffico y la cantidad total de los materiales nucleares especiales. Se presenta una matriz de soluciones para la administracion y el control de esas existencias. Se evalua la multiplicidad y la eficacia relativa de diversas tecnicas en momentos decisivos del suministro, el empleo y la regeneracion de los materiales. (author) [Russian] Odnoj iz samyh vazhnyh problem, s kotoroj stolknutsja predprinimateli, rukovoditeli i operatory v oblasti atomnoj jenergii, i osobenno v oblasti promyshlennoj jadernoj jenergetiki, javljaetsja ustanovlenie nadlezhashhego kontrolja inventarizacii jadernyh materialov, stoimost' kotoryh k 1980 godu prevysit 5 mlrd. doll. SShA. Special'nye jadernye materialy dorogi po sravneniju s

  15. Waste Disposal Research and Development in the United States of America; L'Elimination des Dechets Radioactifs aux Etats-Unis d'Amerique: Travaux de Recherche et Progres Accomplis; 0418 0417 0423 0427 0414 ; Investigaciones y Trabajos Realizados en los Estados Unidos en Materia de Evacuacion de Desechos Radiactivos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Struxness, E. G.; Cowser, K. E.; De Laguna, W.; Jacobs, D. G.; Morton, R. J.; Tamura, T. [Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

    1960-07-01

    d'evacuer les dechets radioactifs dans des formations impermeables par fissuration des roches sous prossion hydraulique. (author) [Spanish] El autor examina las investigaciones y trabajos realizados en los Estados Unidos en materia de evacuacion de desechos radiactivos. En Hanford y en Oak Ridge los desechos de baja actividad se descargan en pozos, cajas de drenaje y estanques. Las investigaciones se refieren principalmente a la solidificacion de desechos liquidos de elevada actividad. En Hanford, en Oak Ridge y en la Universidad de Carolina del Norte se llevan a cabo estudios geoquimicos sobre la evacuacion de desechos. En el documento se describen experimentos efectuados con columnas de tierra, que son mas eficaces para descontaminar las corrientes de desechos que las cajas de drenaje ol os pozos. Los materiales de intercambio mas apropiados para las columnas de tierra son la vermiculita sobre fosforita, con base de grava graduada. El autor describe los progresos de las investigaciones sobre la posibilidad de inyectar desechos radiactivos liquidos en formaciones porosas a traves de pozos profundos y de evacuar desechos en formaciones impermeables previamente fracturadas por medios hidraulicos. (author) [Russian] Daetsja obzor provodimyh v SShA issledovanij problemy udalenija othodov. Osnovnoe vnimanie v issledovanijah udeljaetsja problemam pererabotki vysokoaktivnyh zhidkih othodov v tverduju massu. V Hjenforde i Okridzhe nizkoaktivnye othody udaljajutsja v zemlju v kolodcy, vyrabotki i laguny. V Hjenforde, Okridzhe i universitete Juzhnoj Karoliny provodjatsja geohimicheskie issledovanija, svjazannye s udaleniem othodov. Opisyvajutsja opyty s pochvennymi kolonkami; oni javljajutsja bolee jeffektivnymi dlja dezaktivacii zhidkih othodov, chem vyrabotki i kolodcy. Naibolee podhodjashhimi porodami dlja pochvennyh kolonok javljajutsja vermikulit, lezhashhij na tverdyh fosfatah, kotorye, v svoju ochered', lezhat na krupnozernostom gravii. Izlagaetsja hod issledovatel

  16. Vertical and Horizontal Mixing Rates of Radioactive Material in the Ocean; Taux de Melange Vertical et Horizontal des Matieres Radioactives Contenues dans l'Ocean; 0421 041a 041e 0420 041e 0421 0422 0414 ; Velocidades de Mezcla Vertical y Horizontal de Sustancias Radiactivas en las Aguas del Oceano

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Miyake, Y.; Saruhashi, K. [Geochemical Laboratory, Meteorological Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan)

    1960-07-01

    la capa mezclada situada por encima de la termoclina (Miyake, Sugiura y Kameda, 1954). Ahora bien, en marzo de 1955 la radiactividad se extendio hasta unos 600 metros por debajo de la superficie, encontrandose la termoclina a una profundidad de 75 m. (Operation Troll, Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos, 1956). De esta forma se tiene que si en el agua del mar hay un transporte biologico de sustancias radiactivas en direccion vertical, la migracion del plancton pudiera tener mas influencia en el transporte de las sustancias radiactivas que la descomposicion de los restos organicos, aunque dicho transporte represente solamente de un 10 a un 20 por ciento de la velocidad de mezcla fisica. Cuando las sustancias radiactivas se difunden partiendo de un punto, el coeficiente de difusion turbulenta horizontal puede determinarse partiendo de la variacion de la distribucion de la actividad en funcion del tiempo. (author) [Russian] Nabljudenija za raspredeleniem radioaktivnosti po vertikal'noj ploskosti v Tihom okeane pokazali, chto v ijune 1954 goda (Mijake, Sigiura i Kameda, 1954 g.) prisutstvie radioaktivnosti v osnovnom nabljudalos' tol'ko v smeshannom sloe vyshe sloja perepada temperatur. Odnako v marte 1955 goda aktivnost' rasprostranilas' pochti na 600 metrov nizhe poverhnosti vody v to vremja, kak perepad temperatur nahodilsja na glubine 75 metrov (operacija Troll, KAJe SShA, 1956 g.). Takim obrazom, esli imeetsja kakoe-libo biologicheskoe peremeshhenie radioaktivnogo materiala v vertikal'nom napravlenii v morskoj vode, migracija planktona mozhet byt' bolee jeffektivnoj, chem narushenie soderzhanija ostatkov organicheskih veshhestv pri peremeshhenii radioaktivnogo materiala, hotja ono i sostavit tol'ko 10-12 procentov skorosti fizicheskogo smeshivanija. Kogda radioaktivnyj material v rezul'tate diffuzii vydeljaetsja iz tochechnogo istochnika, to kojefficient gorizontal'noj vihrevoj diffuzii mozhno poluchit' iz vremeni izmenenija raspredelenija aktivnosti

  17. Radioisotope Power Sources; Sources d'energie utilisant les radiobotopes; Radioizotopnye istochniki ehnergii; Fuentes radio isotopicas de energia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Culwell, J. P. [USAEC, Washington, D.C (United States)

    1963-11-15

    realizando investigaciones con generadores alimentados por mezclas de productos de fision. Estas seran menos costosas que los radioisotopos puros, pues se suprimen los gastos de separacion y purificacion de isotopos. En la actualidad funcionan o estan a punto de funcionar generadores termoelectricos prototipo, alimentados con estroncio-90 y cesio-137, en estaciones meteorologicas, dispositivos auxiliares de navegacion y aparatos de vigilancia de las profundidades del mar. En el espacio funcionan generadores termoelectricos de plutonio-238 como fuentes de energia electrica del satelite TRANSIT de la Marina de los Estados Unidos. Se estan construyendo asimismo generadores para los proyectos espaciales de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration de dicho pais. La elevada radiactividad inherente a las fuentes radioisotopicas de energia exige que se preste especial atencion a la seguridad de las mismas. Se han establecido rigurosas normas de proteccion y se han ejecutado ensayos muy avanzados para poder emplear estos dispositivos sin originar riesgos inaceptables. (author) [Russian] Programma ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh izotopov v kachestve ehnergeticheskogo syr'ya, razrabotannaya Komissiej po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA, privela k sozdaniyu sovershenno novoj tekhnologii primeneniya radioizotopov v kachestve istochnikov ehnergii v generatorakh ehlektroehnergii. Sistema radioizotopnykh ehnergeticheskikh stantsij osobenno nuzhna tam, gde vvidu krajnej otdalennosti trebuyutsya dolgovechnye, nadezhnye i malogabaritnye silovye ustanovki. Sposobnye udovletvoritel'no funktsionirovat' v tyazhelykh usloviyakh, naprimer pri dejstvii temperatur, solnechnogo sveta i ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya, takie ''atomnye batarei'' yavlyayutsya zamanchivymi istochnikami ehnergii dlya ustanovok, sobirayushchikh informatsiyu na rasstoyanii, dlya upravlyayushchikh sistem, dlya iskustvennykh sputnikov i drugikh kosmicheskikh ob{sup e}ktov. Radioizotopy, primenyayushchiesya v kachestve goryuchego

  18. Radiation Disinfestation of Grain and Seeds; Radiodesinsection des Cereales et des Semences; Obezzarazhivanie zerna i semyan s pomoshch'yu oblucheniya; Desinfestacion de Granos y Semillas por Irradiacion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Golumbic, C.; Davis, D. F. [Market Quality Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Hyattsville, MD (United States)

    1966-11-15

    futuras necesidades en materia de investigacion. (author) [Russian] V nastojashhee vremja obrabotka zerna i semjan s pomoshh'ju obluchenija predstavljaet interes glavnym obrazom s tochki zrenija opredelenija ee jeffektivnosti v dele obespechenija kontrolja za zarazheniem jetih produktov parazitami. Rassmatrivaetsja sovremennaja literatura po jetomu voprosu i ukazyvajutsja vse eshhe sushhestvujushhie problemy v oblasti fundamental'nyh i prakticheskih znanij o sposobah obezzarazhivanija s pomoshh'ju obluchenija. Podrobno rassmatrivajutsja nauchno-issledovatel'skie programmy ministerstva sel'skogo'hozjajstva SShA, kotorye nahodjatsja v stadii vypolnenija ili planirujutsja na blizhajshee budushhee. Provodimye v nastojashhee vremja issledovanija napravleny na ustanovlenie minimal'nyh jeffektivnyh doz dlja polovoj sterilizacii i smertnosti, vlijanija okruzhajushhih faktorov na dozovye potrebnosti i vozmozhnosti dlja razvitija biologicheskoj soprotivljaemosti. V mae 1966 goda ob{sup e}m rabot budet rasshiren, tak kak budet vvedena v jekspluataciju novaja ustanovka po oblucheniju zernovyh produktov i nachnutsja prikladnye issledovanija. Sostavnoj chast'ju jetih nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot javljaetsja izuchenie vlijanija obluchenija na kachestvo pishhi i furazha, a takzhe produktov iz hlebnyh zlakov pri dozah, obespechivajushhih kontrol' za parazitami i unichtozhenie gribkov. V dannom doklade kriticheski rassmatrivajutsja rezul'taty nauchno-issledovatel'skoj raboty v jetoj oblasti i opredeljajutsja potrebnosti v nauchnyh issledovanijah v budushhem. (author)

  19. Wholesomeness and Public Health Research in the United States Atomic Energy Commission Food Irradiation Programme; Recherches sur la Comestibilite et la Sante Publique au Titre du Programme d'Irradiation des Produits Alimentaires de la Commission de l'Energie Atomique des Etats-Unis; Issledovaniya bezvrednosti obluchennykh pishchevykh produktov i svyazannykh s nimi problem zdravookhraneniya po programme komissii po atomnoj ehnergii ssha v oblasti oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Programa de Irradiacion de Alimentos de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos: Investigaciones Sobre Comestibilidad u Sanidad Publica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Whitehair, L. A. [Division of Biology and Medicine, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)

    1966-11-15

    To assess the biological safety of foods which are of interest to the Atomic Energy Commission's irradiated food program, studies have been sponsored by the Commission's Division of Biology and Medicine since 1961. Wholesomeness, microbiological and biochemical studies have been undertaken with a view to complementing data derived from developmental, economic and technological research studies sponsored by the Commission's Division of Isotopes Development. When these aspects appear feasible for specific low-dose irradiated foods, studies are initiated to provide relevant data required by the United States Food and Drug Administration before final judgements can be made on petitions for unlimited human consumption. Toxicity studies on several species of animals which are fed diets containing up to 35 Degree-Sign (dry solids basis) of the irradiated food in question have been included in this program. Investigations of two years duration on animals (rats, dogs and chickens) provide data concerning food consumption, growth rate, enzyme systems, haematology, gross pathology and histopathology. Shorter-term studies of a confirmatory nature on two animal species (rat and dog) are employed in certain cases when the irradiated food in question is sufficiently related to foods which have previously undergone long-term toxicity studies. Results to date of chronic toxicity studies on soft-shell clams and subacute toxicity studies on strawberries, apples, pears, sweet cherries, apricots, plums and onions are discussed. Microbiological studies have been concentrated primarily on potentially pathogenic organisms. Studies have been in progress to evaluate carefully the conditions governing radiation and heat resistance, sporulation, outgrowth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum Type E. The natural incidence of Type E organisms in certain marine products and ocean environments is being investigated. Findings in the microbiological studies are discussed. Studies to date have indicated that the general outlook for wholesomeness of irradiated foods is favourable. Toxicity evaluations are currently being initiated on bananas, mangoes and papayas. Research efforts on Clostridium botulinum, Types E and F, Salmonellae and other potentially pathogenic organisms will continue. (author) [French] Afin de determiner le degre de securite biologique des produits alimentaires qui presentent un interet pour le programme de la Commission de l'energie atomique relatif aux produits alimentaires irradies, la Division de biologie et medecine de la Commission a organise des recherches depuis 1961. Des etudes ont ete entreprises sur la comestibilite, la microbiologie et la biochimie en vue de completer les donnees fournies par les travaux dans les domaines des realisations, de l'economie et de la technique organises par la Division des isotopes de la Commission. Lorsque les resultats obtenus semblent applicables a des produits alimentaires particuliers irradies a faible dose, des etudes sont entreprises pour fournir les donnees pertinentes requises par le service de controle des produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques des Etats-Unis avant que des decisions definitives soient prises concernant les demandes visant a autoriser la consommation illimitee d'un produit par le public. Ce programme comprenait des etudes de toxicite sur plusieurs especes d'animaux soumis a des regimes alimentaires comprenant jusqu'a 35% (en matiere solide seche) du produit alimentaire irradie considere. Des recherches d'une duree de deux ans sur des animaux (rats, chiens et poulets) fournissent des donnees sur la consommation alimentaire, la croissance, les enzymes, l'hematologie, la pathologie generale et l'histo- pathologie. Des etudes a court terme, aux fins de confirmation, sur deux especes animales (rats et chiens) sont faites dans certains cas lorsque le produit alimentaire irradie considere a suffisamment de points communs avec des produits qui ont precedemment fait l'objet d'etudes de toxicite a long terme. Les donnees fournies jusqu'a ce jour par les etudes de toxicite chronique sur une variete de palourdes et par les etudes de toxicite subaiguee sur les fraises, les pommes, les poires, les cerises, les abricots, les prunes et les oignons font l'objet d'un examen critique. Les etudes microbiologiques ont porte principalement sur les organismes potentiellement pathogenes. L'auteur a poursuivi des etudes pour proceder a une evaluation minutieuse des conditions qui regissent la resistance aux rayonnements et a la chaleur, la sporulation, le developpement et la production de toxines de Clostridium botulinum E. L'auteur fait actuellement des recherches sur l'incidence naturelle d'organismes du type E dans certains produits marins et dans le milieu marin. Les constatations faites au cours des etudes microbiologiques font l'objet d'un examen critique. Les etudes effectuees jusqu'a present ont indique que les perspectives d'ensemble concernant la comestibilite des produits alimentaires irradies sont favorables. On entreprend actuellement des evaluations de toxicite sur les bananes, les mangues et les papayes. Les recherches se poursuivront sur Clostridium botulinum E et F, Salmonellae et autres organismes pathogenes. (author) [Spanish] Desde 1961 la Division de Biologia y Medicina de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos viene patrocinando estudios con objeto de evaluar la seguridad biologica de los productos alimenticios de interes para el programa de irradiacion de alimentos que esta llevando a cabo. Se han emprendido investigaciones sobre comestibilidad y estudios microbiologicos y bioquimicos para complementar los datos proporcionados por las investigaciones experimentales, economicas y tecnologicas patrocinadas por la Division de Aplicaciones de los Isotopos de la misma Comision. Cuando se considera que esas cuestiones ofrecen perspectivas favorables en el caso de alimentos especificos sometidos a bajas dosis de, radiaciones, se emprenden encuestas para obtener la informacion que exige la Food and Drug Administration de los Estados Unidos antes de pronunciarse definitivamente sobre las peticiones de autorizacion para la venta al publico sin restricciones. Este programa comprende estudios sobre toxicidad en varias especies de animales a los que se administran dietas que contienen, hasta el 35% (sustancia solida seca) de alimentos irradiados. Se efectuan en animales (ratas, perros y pollos) investigaciones de dos anos de duracion que proporcionan datos sobre consumo de alimentos, ritmo de crecimiento, sistemas enzimaticos, hematologia, patologia e histopatologia. En algunos casos, se realizan estiidios mas cortos, con fines de comprobacion, en dos especies animales (ratas y perros), cuando el alimento irradiado tiene suficientes analogias con alimentos cuya toxicidad ha sido ya detenidamente estudiada. En la memoria se exponen los resultados de estudios sobre toxicidad cronica realizados hasta la fecha con almejas de valvas delgadas, y sobre toxicidad subaguda realizados con fresas, manzanas, peras, cerezas, albaricoques, ciruelas y cebollas. Los estudios microbiologicos versan principalmente sobre organismos potencialmente patogenos. Se estan estudiando minuciosamente las condiciones determinantes de la resistencia a las radiaciones y al calor, de la formacion de esporas, de la excrecencia y de la produccion de toxinas en el Clostridium botulinum, Tipo E. Se esta investigando la presencia, en condiciones naturales, de microorganismos del tipo E en ciertos productos y medios marinos. En la memoria se exponen las conclusiones de estos estudios microbiologicos. Los estudios realizados hasta la fecha indican, Inverted-Question-Mark n general, que en lo que respecta a la comestibilidad de los alimentos irradiados las perspectivas son favorables. Se esta investigando la toxicidad en platanos, mangos y papayas. Proseguiran los trabajos sobre el Clostridium botulinum, Tipos E y F, las Salmonellae y otros microorganismos potencialmente patogenos. (author) [Russian] S 1961 goda Otdel biologii i mediciny Komissii organizuet issledovanija po ocenke biologicheskoj bezopasnosti pishhevyh produktov, kotorye predstavljajut interes s tochki zrenija programmy Komissii po atomnoj jenergii v oblasti obluchenija pishhevyh produktov. Issledovanija, svjazannye s bezopasnost'ju, mikrobiologicheskimi i biohimicheskimi aspektami obluchenija produktov, provodjatsja, chtoby dopolnit' dannye tehnicheskih i jekonomicheskih issledovanij, osushhestvlennyh izotopnym otdelom Komissii. Kogda jeto predstavljaetsja osushhestvimym v otnoshenii opredelennyh pishhevyh produktov, obluchennyh malymi dozami, to provodjatsja issledovanija s cel'ju poluchenija sootvetstvujushhih dannyh, kotorye trebuet administracija pishhevyh produktov i lekarstv v svjazi s prinjatiem okonchatel'nogo reshenija v otnoshenii pros'by o shirokom proizvodstve togo ili inogo produkta dlja naselenija. V jetu programmu vkljucheny issledovanija toksichnosti na nekotoryhidah zhivotnyh, v racione kotoryh soderzhalos' do 35% (suhoe tverdoe veshhestvo) ukazannyh obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov. Rezul'taty dvuhletnih issledovanij na zhivotnyh (krysy, sobaki i kury) dajut dannye otnositel'no potreblenija pishhevyh produktov, intensivnosti razvitija, fermentnyh sistem, gematologii, patologii i gistopatologii. Menee prodolzhitel'nye issledovanija, svjazannye s dvumja vidami zhivotnyh (krysami i sobakami), provodilis' dlja poluchenija podtverzhdajushhih dannyh v teh sluchajah, kogda opredelennyj obluchennyj pishhevoj produkt imeet dostatochnuju svjaz' s pishhevymi produktami, kotorye ranee byli podvergnu- . ty prodolzhitel'nym issledovanijam v otnoshenii toksichnosti. Obsuzhdajutsja poslednie rezul'taty issledovanij hronicheskoj toksichnosti u molljuskov, a takzhe issledovanij neostroj toksichnosti klubniki, jablok, grush, chereshni, abrikosov, sliv i luka. Mikrobiologicheskie issledovanija sosredotocheny glavnym obrazom na potencial'no patogennyh organizmah. V nastojashhee vremja provodjatsja issledovanija s cel'ju tshhatel'noj ocenki uslovij, opredeljajushhih radioustojchivost' i teploustojchivost', sporuljaciju, rost i obrazovanie toksinov u Clostridium Botulinum, tip E. Issleduetsja prirodnaja rasprostranennost' organizmov tipa E v nekotoryh morskih chroduktah i okeanskoj srede. Obsuzhdajutsja rezul'taty mikrobiologicheskih issledovanij. Poslednie issledovanija pokazali, chto obshhie perspektivy bezvrednosti obluchenija pishhevyh produktov javljajutsja blagoprijatnymi. V nastojashhee vremja proizvoditsja ocenka toksichnosti bananov, mango, papaji i tomatov. Budut prodolzheny issledovanija, svjazannye s Clostridium Botulinum, tipy E i F, a takzhe salmonelloj i drugimi potencial'no patogennymi organizmami. (author)

  20. Status of Irradiation Control of Insects in Grain; Radiodesinsection des Cereales; Sostoyanie bor'by s hasekomymi-vreditelyami zerna putem oblucheniya; Radiodesinsectacion de Cereales Almacenados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cornwell, P. B. [Rentokil Laboratories Ltd., East Grinstead, Sussex (United Kingdom)

    1966-11-15

    comestibilidad de los granos irradiados indican que estos no pierden propiedades nutritivas, lo que ha dado lugar a que en los Estados Unidos se autorizara el consumo humano del trigo irradiado y de sus productos. Consideraciones de orden tecnico indican que, en los grandes centros de exportacion o almacenamiento de granos, la irradiacion puede competir economicamente con los metodos quimicos. Una vez establecido que el almacenamiento en grandes cantidades y los sistemas automaticos de transporte son los procedimientos mas rapidos y economicos para hacer llegar el grano a los consumidores, se puede predecir con bastante seguridad que en un futuro no muy lejano la irradiacion constituira una de las etapas del proceso de distribucion del grano. En la memoria se informa sobre algunos de los problemas que plantea la infestacion y se expone la forma en que la distribucion esta organizada en diversos paises a fin de ilustrar las ventajas que encierra la irradiacion para el tratamiento de granos en una escala internacional. (author) [Russian] Issledovanija v oblasti primenenija ionizirujushhego izluchenija dlja bor'by s naseko- mymi-vrediteljami hranimyh na skladah pishhevyh produktov prodemonstrirovali tehnicheskuju osushhestvimost' obluchenija dlja obrabotki zerna. Issledovanija v oblasti radiacionnoj jetimologii vyjavili porazhaemost' glavnyh nasekomyh-vreditelej skladirovannogo zerna i ustanovili prostranstvo, v predelah kotorogo faktory okruzhajushhej sredy mogut vlijat' na dejstvennost' obrabotki. Issledovanija himicheskih i fizicheskih svojstv obluchennogo zerna pokazali otsutstvie kakogo-libo vrednogo vozdejstvija na organolepticheskie svojstva i svojstva, otnosjashhiesja k processu izgotovlenija pri obluchenii dozami, trebujushhimisja dlja dezinfekcii. Raboty nad voprosami, otnosjashhimisja k sohraneniju pitatel'nyh i vkusovyh kachestv obluchennogo zerna pokazali otsutstvie poter' pitatel'nyh svojstv, chto imelo re zul'tatom vydachu razreshenija v SShA na ispol'zovanie v

  1. Economic Aspects of Air and Gas Cleaning for Nuclear Energy Processes; Aspects Economiques de l'Epuration de l'Air et des Gaz au Cours des Operations Nucleaires; 042d 041a 041e 041d 041e 0414 0; Aspectos Economicos de la Depuracion del Aire y de los Gases en los Procesos de Obtencion de Energia Nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silverman, Leslie [Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (United States)

    1960-07-01

    rasprostranjat'sja kontrol' s umerennymi rashodami. ch Dovol'no podrobno opisyvajutsja faktory, svjazannye s kapital'nymi i jekspluatacionnymi rashodami oborudovanija po ochistke gaza, a takzhe primenjaemye v SShA metody. Udalenie gazov osushhestvljalos' i kontrolirovalos' pri pomoshhi neskol'kih tipov priborov. Odnako jeti meroprijatija provodilis' na sravnitel'noj osnove. Takim obrazom stalo bolee ili menee vozmozhnym sudit' ob jekspluatacionnyh harakteristikah na jekonomicheskoj osnove v sochetanii s takimi problemami, kak potreblenie jenergii, stoimost' adsorbentov, stoimost' pomeshhenij, korrozija i drugie jekspluatacionnye faktory. Komissija po atomnoj jenergii Soedinennyh Shtatov po kontraktu s laboratoriej po ochistke vozduha pri Garvardskom universitete razrabotala programmu ocenki; dlja jetogo Komissija vospol'zovalas' razlichnymi uslugami zavodov i podrjadchikov. V jetom issledovanii namecheny osnovnye faktory, neobhodimye dlja poluchenija dannyh o kolichestvennoj stoimosti; budut predstavleny nekotorye predvaritel'nye rezul'taty. V doklade takzhe daetsja obzor drugih jekonomicheskih issledovanij, kotorye provodjatsja v Soedinennyh Shtatah, v otnoshenii konkretnyh processov ili primenjaemogo oborudovanija. (author)

  2. Technical Developments in the USAEC Process Radiation Development Program; Etudes technologiques dans le cadre du programme de mise au point d'applications industrielles des rayonnements de la CEA-EU; Issledovaniya v oblasti promyshlennogo primeneniya izluchenij, vkhodyashchie v programmu komissii po atomnoj ehnergii USAEC; Progresos tecnicos en el programa de la USAEC para el fomento de la irradiacion industrial

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Machurek, J. E.; Stein, M. H. [Division of Isotopes Development, USAEC, Washington, DC (United States)

    1963-11-15

    autores comunican los resultados de catorce de esas investigaciones, resumiendo algunos en la monografia y dando mas detalles sobre otros en las actas respectivas. Los temas tratados son los siguientes: 1. Preparacion de combinaciones madera-materiales plasticos utilizando las radiaciones gamma para inducir la polimerizacion. 2. Empleo de las radiaciones beta emitidas por los productos de fision para la hidrogenacion del carbono y sus derivados con miras a la produccion de hidrocarburos liquidos combustibles. 3. Preparacion de semiconductores en los cuales las impurezas se distribuyen con arreglo a un esquema espacial predeterminado, con ayuda de transmutaciones neutronicas. 4. Polimerizacion radioinducida del etileno y sus copolimeroe. 5. Estudios basicos de los mecanismos y la cinetica de las reacciones radioinducidas. 6. Aspectos radioquimicos de la fluoracion de diversos compuestos aromaticos. 7. Empleo de monomeros polifuncionales para acrecentar la radiorreticulacion en el polietileno, el polipropileno, el poliisobutileno y el acetato de celulosa. 8. Efectos de la turgencia, tension y temperatura sobre las propiedades fisicas y quimicas de los polimeros producidos con ayuda de las radiaciones. 9. Influencia de los factores estructurales sobre las modificaciones radioinducidas en polimeros que conducen a la copolimerizacion por injerto. 10. Utilizacion de las radiaciones nucleares para modificar las propiedades de los materiales textiles. 11. Reacciones radioinducidas en las que se utiliza el cripton-85. 12. Preparacion de un ''Manual de Radiaciones''. 13. Empleo de enlaces organometalicos en la dosimetria de radiaciones gamma de elevada intensidad. 14. Preparacion de un dosimetro de celula solar. (author) [Russian] V sootvetstvii s programmoj issledovanij radiatsionnykh protsessov Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA byli provedeny obshirnye izyskaniya. Glavnaya tsel' ehtikh issledovanij sostoit v sodejstvii razrabotke tekhnologii, kotoraya obespechila by ehffektivnoe

  3. Economics of Food Irradiation; Aspects Economiques de l'Irradiation des Denrees Alimentaires; Ehkonomicheskie aspekty oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Aspectos Economicos de la Irradiacion de Aumentos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Killam, E. R.; Ketchum, H. W.; Deitch, J.; Osburn, Jr., J. W. [United States Department of Commerce, Business and Defense Services Administration, Washington, DC (United States)

    1966-11-15

    ocenka provodjashhihsja v nastojashhee vremja rabot, imejushhih otnoshenie k perspektivam kommercheskogo obluchenija pishhevyh produktov v Soedinennyh Shtatah. V issledovanii priznaetsja, chto nel'zja obobshhat' dannye v otnoshenii perspektiv obluchenija pishhevyh produktov ni na osnove processov, ni na osnove produktov. Kak tehnicheskij tak i jekonomicheskij potencialy imejut shirokij diapazon izmenenij v otnoshenii razlichnyh pishhevyh produktov, kotorye podvergajutsja tem zhe ili razlichnym vidam obrabotki. Daetsja kratkij obzor i ocenka poslednih issledovanij v otnoshenii jekonomicheskih aspektov obluchenija produktov pitanija, a takzhe kratko izlagajutsja vyvody i zakljuchenija otnositel'no jekonomicheskih potencialov. Privoditsja obsuzhdenie reakcij predstavitelej promyshlennosti na predlagaemyj opytnyj obluchatel' mjasa, zakazchikami kotorogo javljajutsja amerikanskaja armija i Komissija po atomnoj jenergii SShA; koordinirovanie osushhestvljaet Ministerstvo torgovli; analizirujutsja faktory, kotorye opredeljat budushhee napravlenie, masshtab i kommercheskij uspeh sohranenija pishhevyh produktov s pomoshh'ju ionizirujushhego obluchenija. . Raboty vo vseh jetih kategorijah javljajutsja sushhestvennymi dlja dostizhenija uspeha, v protivnom sluchae oni javjatsja tormozjashhimi faktorami. Tem ne menee, uspeshnyj i vygodnyj sbyt obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov, v konechnom itoge, dolzhen byt' postavlen v zavisimost' ot akceptacii potrebitelem i vygodnogo vzaimootnoshenija mezhdu stoimost'ju i pribyl'ju . K vygodam sleduet otnesti bolee nizkuju stoimost' i bolee vysokuju pribyl' v rezul'tate sokrashhenija porchi, uvelichenija srokov hranenija i rasstojanija perevozok, rasshirenija rynka i uluchshenija kachestva. Nakonec, jekonomicheskij uspeh jetoj novoj tehnologii dolzhen zaviset' ot jasnogo dokazatel'stva togo, chto jeti vygody prevysjat dopolnitel'nye rashody po obrabotke na kakuju-to summu, kotoraja budet dostatochnoj dlja stimuljacii neobhodimyh chastnyh

  4. Production of Strontium-90 Thermal Power Sources; Fabrication de sources d'energie thermique au strontium-90; Proizvodstvo istochnikov ''teplovoj ehnergii iz Sr''9''0; Preparacion de fuentes de energia termica con estroncio-90

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cochran, J. S.; Bloom, J. L.; Schneider, A. [Martin Company, Nuclear Division, Baltimore 3, MD (United States)

    1963-11-15

    rajonakh. V ehtom smysle Sr{sup 90} priobretaet bol'shoe znachenie iz-za ego shirokoj dostupnosti, aktivnosti i toj sravnitel'noj legkosti, s kotoroj ego mozhno prevrashchat' v kompaktnye istochniki tepla. Generatory, rabotayushchie na Sr{sup 90} sluzhat v kachestve istochnikov pitaniya avtomaticheskikh meteorologicheskikh i navigatsionnykh stantsij; rassmatrivaetsya vozmozhnost' primeneniya Sr{sup 90} v kachestve istochnika ehnergii dlya dvigatelej kosmicheskikh korablej. Pri sravnitel'noj otsenke ryada strontsievykh soedinenij okazalos', chto naibolee tselesoobrazno ispol'zovat' titanat, tak kak on obladaet naibolee tsennymi svojstvami. Sr{sup 90}, otdelennyj ot drugikh produktov deleniya, ochishchaetsya do trebuemoj stepeni chistoty na predpriyatii Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA v Khehnforde i trasportiruetsya v vide karbonata v ''gorya- chuyu'' kameru(firmy ''Martin''), gde prevrashchaetsya v granulirovannyj titanat. V ehtom protsesse ispol'zuetsya distantsionnoe upravlenie, analogichnoe primenyaemomu v obychnom khimicheskom i keramicheskom proizvodstve. Granuly, zaklyuchennye v kapsuly, pomeshchayutsya v kontejnery tipa ''Khastellou C'' dlya primeneniya v ehnergeticheskikh ustanovkakh s termoehlektricheskim preobrazovaniem ehnergii. Zdes' prikhoditsya stalkivat'sya s neobychnymi ehkspluatatsionnymi problemami, tak kak bol'shie kolichestva obrabatyvaemogo Sr{sup 90} (milliony kyuri v god) obladayut strashnoj radioaktivnost'yu i sozdayut opasnost' zarazheniya. Opisano ustrojstvo prisposoblenij, oborudovaniya, kharakterizuyutsya tekhnologiya i tekhnika bezopasnosti. Opisyvayutsya dannye opyta, priobretennogo vo vremya nedavnej pererabotki pervykh 250 000 kyuri Sr{sup 90} v toplivo dlya generatora SNAP-7 (yadernaya batareya). Privodyatsya takzhe dannye po germetizatsii granul v kontejnerakh, po kalorimetrii, dezaktivatsii i metodike udaleniya otkhodov. (author)

  5. Research Applications of Beta-Particle Techniques: Back-Scattering and X-Ray Excitation; Applications de l'irradiation beta dans la recherche: retrodiffusion et excitation de rayons X; Primenenie metodov beta-chastits v issledovatel'skoj rabote: obratnoe rasseyanie i vozbuzhdenie rentgenovskikh luchej; Aplicacion de la irradiacion beta en la investigacion: retrodispersion y excitacion de rayos X

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mueller, R H [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    1962-01-15

    vyvedeny tochnye uravneniya dlya vsekh ehtikh yavlenij; nekotorye iz nikh ehmpiricheskim putem, a nekotorye sushchestvenno na teoreticheskoj osnove. Interesno otmetit', chto ehti uravneniya pravil'no predusmatrivayut optimal'nye parametry istochnika, soglasno opredeleniyam drugikh issledovatelej, kak v SSHA, tak i zagranitsej. Nuzhno dumat', chto ehti metody ukreplyayut mnenie, chto radioaktivnym izotopam suzhdena gromadnaya nauchnaya i tekhnicheskaya budushchnost'. CHto zhe kasaetsya istochnikov rentgenovskikh luchej, nuzhno skazat', chto vse v tekhnologii rentgenovskikh luchej, za isklyucheniem vyyavleniya kristallicheskoj struktury, mozhet byt' bolee legko dostignuto ehtimi sposobami. Pri nalichii istochnikov moshchnost'yu v neskol'ko kyuri, veroyatno, mozhno budet razreshit' dazhe i ehtu poslednyuyu zadachu. (author)

  6. Review of the Status of Irradiation Effects on Citrus Fruits; Analyse des Effets de l'Irradiation sur les Agrumes; Obzor vliyaniya oblucheniya na plody tsitrusovykh; Examen de los Efectos de la Irradiacion en los Agrios

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dennison, R. A.; Ahmed, E. M. [University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

    1966-11-15

    propiedades organolepticas. (author) [Russian] Ubytki v rezul'tate porchi svezhih apel'sinov i grejpfrutov v SShA ocenivalis' sootvetstvenno v 8,4 i 5,4 mln. dollarov v roznichnyh cenah 1959-1963 gg. Zagnivanie konca steblja i zelenaja i golubaja plesen' vyzyvajut samye bol'shie poteri citrusovyh posle ih sbora. Nel'zja nazyvat' kakuju-libo odnu dozu obluchenija, kotoraja javljalas' by minimumom, neobhodimym dlja zashhity plodov citrusovyh ot porchi. Dlja priostanovki dejstvija staryh ili ustanovivshihsja infekcij trebujutsja bolee vysokie dozy obluchenija, chem dlja priostanovki nachinajushhihsja infekcij. Dlja bor'by s infekcijami imejut znachenie potok, a takzhe doza gamma-izluchenija. Svezhie plody citrusovyh preterpevajut metabolicheskie izmenenija, kotorye v konechnom itoge privodjat k stareniju. Nekotorye iz jetih izmenenij svjazany s dyhaniem, organicheskimi kislotami, saharami, pektinovymi veshhestvami i cvetom. Vo mnogih otnoshenijah utrata kletkami zhiznesposobnosti pri starenii napominaet jeffekty radiacionnogo porazhenija. Obluchenie vyzyvaet izmenenija v pektinovyh veshhestvah fruktov. V osnovnom, proishodit uvelichenie frakcij, rastvorimyh v vode i v oksalate ammonija, i umen'shenie frakcii, rastvorimoj v gidrookisi natrija. Bol'shoe uvelichenie rastvorimogo v vode pektina obnaruzheno v soke, poluchennom iz obluchennyh fruktov. Po-vidimomu, jeto uvelichenie javljaetsja rezul'tatom peremeshhenija rastvorimogo v vode pektina iz drugih chastej fruktov. Jeto privodit k zametnomu uvelicheniju vjazkosti soka. Inogda posle obluchenija i hranenija fruktov obnaruzhivaetsja povrezhdenie kozhicy. Procent plodov s povrezhdennoj kozhicej i stepen' takogo povrezhdenija tem bol'she, chem vyshe temperatura hranenija i bol'she prodolzhitel'nost' hranenija. Obluchenie apel'sinov i grejpfrutov dozami do 200 krad ne vyzyvaet kakih-libo zametnyh vrednyh izmenenij organolepticheskih kachestv. (author)

  7. Review of the {sup 60}Co Source. Development Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory; Le Programme de Mise au Point des Sources au {sup 60}Co au Laboratoire National de Brookhaven; Obzor programmy po razrabotke istochnikov {sup 60}Co v brukkhejvenskoj natsional'noj laboratorii; El Programa de Preparacion de Fuentes de {sup 60}Co del Laboratorio Nacional de Brookhaven

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kuhl, O. A. [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States)

    1966-11-15

    jenergii SShA Brukhejvenskaja nacional'naja laboratorija(BNL) pristupila k razrabotke istochnikov izluchenij. Jeti istochniki byli v osnovnom bol'shie trubki i ploskie plastinki. Pervonachal'no oni prednaznachalis' dlja issledovanij v BNL. Pozdnee drugie uchrezhdenija poluchili razreshenie ispol'zovat' obluchateli, prednaznachennye dlja jetih istochnikov. Po mere povyshenija interesa kombinirovannye ustanovki, vkljuchajushhie istochnik i obluchatel', predostavljalis' drugim issledovateljam. Byli razrabotany kontejnery dlja transportirovki istochnikov i skonstruirovany nebol'shie ''gorjachie'' kamery i napolnennye vodoj bassejny dlja ispol'zovanija jetih istochnikov. Obsuzhdajutsja metody dozimetrii, opredelenie radioaktivnosti v kjuri i konstrukcija obluchatelja dlja jetih istochnikov. V bol'shinstve sluchaev vo vremja provedenija issledovanij jekonomicheskie aspekty ne imeli znachenija; odnako v svjazi s tendenciej k krupnomasshtabnoj radiacionnoj obrabotke v obla Inverted-Question-Mark tjax pishhevyh produktov, himikatov i medicinskih materialov neobhodimo budet tshhatel'no izuchit' tehnicheskie i jekonomicheskie aspekty konstrukcii istochnika. Razrabotka standartnyh istochnikov Brukhejvenskoj nacional'noj laboratorii ''Mark I'' i ''Mark I{sup ,} kotorye' uzhe ispol'zujutsja v rjade ustanovok, prizvana udovletvorit' jetim vazhnym trebovanijam. Istochniki ''Mark Ij i 'Mark II' vzaimozamenjaemy. Konstrukcija istochnika 'Mark II' uluchshena za schet metallurgicheskogo soedinenija vnutrennej obolochki s kobal'tovym serdechnikom. V nastojashhee vremja vpervye mozhno povtorno aktivirovat' jeti istochniki posle nekotorogo ispol'zovanija. Otdel'nye polosy dovodjatsja do trebuemyh razmerov s tem, chtoby ih mozhno bylo legko prikrepit' k plastinkam razlichnogo razmera i formy. Opisyvajutsja teoreticheskoe obosnovanie konstrukcii, metody izgotovlenija i procedury ispytanija, a takzhe analiz istochnika i opredelenie radioaktivnosti v kjuri. ''Proizvodjatsja ''sravnenija s drugimi

  8. Quality Selection of Zircaloy-2 Canning Tubes by Ultrasonic Testing on Small Defects; Controle de la Qualite des Gaines en Zircaloy-2: Detection de Petits Defauts par les Ultrasons; Achestvennyjotb ortrub chatykh obolochek iz tsirkalloya-2 putem vyyavleniya nebol'shikh defektov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control de Calidad de los Revestimientos de Zircaloy-2 por Localizacion Ultrasonica de Pequenos Defectos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Van Der Linde, A. [Reactor Centrum Nederland, Petten (Netherlands); Deraad, J. A. [Roentgen Technische Dienst N.V., Rotterdam (Netherlands)

    1965-09-15

    , de los 93 tubos ensayados, 21 presentaban defectos transversales de 10 a 50 {mu}m de profundidad. Por consiguiente, puede afirmarse que el procedimiento indicado permite clasificar los tubos con arreglo a su calidad. (author) [Russian] Trubchatye obolochki iz cirkalloja-2 s vnutrennim diametrom 10,20 mm, tolshhinoj stenok 0,90 mm i dlinoj 1500 mm, prednaznachennye dlja proverki v kachestve pokrytija toplivnyh sterzhnej pri temperature 330 Degree-Sign S v reaktornoj petle s vodoj pod davleniem ispytyvalis' s pomoshh'ju ul'trazvuka s cel'ju obnaruzhenija defektov. Ispytyvaemye trubchatye obolochki byli postavleny izgotoviteljami v SShA, soedinennom Korolevstve i v Skandinavii. Nashe trebovanie, chtoby vse postavlennye trubki byli svobodny ot treshhin i drugih defektov razmerom svyshe 500 - 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 25 - 50 mikron po glubine, ne bylo prinjato polnost'ju izgotoviteljami. Oni mogli garantirovat' tol'ko otsutstvie treshhin velichinoj svyshe 1000 mikron po dline i svyshe 50 mikron po glubine. V svjazi s tem, chto iz 93 ispytannyh trub tol'ko u dvuh byli obnaruzheny treshhiny velichinoj svyshe 50 mikron po glubine, reshili provodit' bolee stroguju proverku, v rezul'tate kotoroj mozhno bylo by obnaruzhivat' defekty velichinoj porjadka 10 - 50 mikron po glubine. Dlja obnaruzhenija i registracii takih nebol'shih defektov primenjalos' poluavtomaticheskoe ul'trazvukovoe impul'snoe oborudovanie, dejstvujushhee kak v prodol'nom, tak i v poperechnom napravlenijah, v kombinacii s sistemami propuskanija i mnogokanal'nym registratorom. Sistema razvertki byla otregulirovana takim obrazom, chto vnutrennie i naruzhnye defekty odnogo i togo zhe porjadka i razmera ukazyvalis' s odinakovymi amplitudami. Kalibrovanie oborudovanija proizvodili na iskusstvennyh defektah. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v prodol'nom napravlenii, obnaruzhivalis' s pomoshh'ju razdel'noj sistemy datchik-priemnik s primeneniem fokusirovannogo puchka. Defekty, obrazovavshiesja v poperechnom napravlenii

  9. Professional Nuclear Materials Management; Gestion Industrielle des Matieres Nucleaires; Obrashchenie s yadernymi materialami na professional'nom urovne; Administracion Eficiente de Materiales Nucleares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Forcella, A. A.; O' Leary, W. J. [Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Bethesda, MD (United States)

    1966-02-15

    manipulacion y su transporte resulten economicos y sea facil sustituirlos. La programacion de las operaciones de fabricacion debera reducir al mfnimo las perdidas de ingresos debidas a un almacenamiento improductivo excesivamente largo de materiales de costo elevado. Para la etapa de su empleo en el reactor, sera necesario un programa adecuado de redistribucion de los elementos combustibles a fin de lograr el grado maximo de combustion del material fisionable. Ademas, habra que reducir en la medida de lo posible los paros improductivos del reactor debidos a la redistribucion del combustible, a las inspecciones, etc. Cuando el combustible haya llegado a un grado predeterminado de agotamiento, el administrador tendra que disponer la forma mas economica de regeneracion de los materiales fisionables y de recuperacion de los subproductos. La administracion de materiales nucleares es por consiguiente un factor esencial para la reduccion de los costos del ciclo del combustible y para lograr que el costo unitario de la energia producida resulte economicamente interesante. (author) [Russian] Daets ja opisanie ob{sup e}ma rabot na tipichnom jenergetichesko m reaktore v SShA. Poskol'ku jetot reaktor finansiruetsja chastnym kapitalom, odna iz osnovnyh objazannostej operatora sostoit v obespechenii sohrannosti kapitalovlozhenij i poluchenii opredelennoj pribyli. Vvidu bol'shoj sebestoimosti jadernyh materialov neobhodimo postojanno obespechivat' nadlezhashhuju bezopasnost' i uchet s cel'ju svedenija k minimumu poter', ne svjazannyh s obespe- cheniem bezopasnosti i ucheta jadernyh materialov. Neobhodimo vse tshhatel'no produmyvat' i planirovat' zaranee, chtoby izbegat' nenuzhnyh zatrat i rashodovanija kapitala ili snizhe- nija razmerov pribyli v rjade oblastej. Pojetomu administrator, vedajushhij jadernymi materialami, dolzhen zaranee uchityvat' vse nepredvidennye obstojatel'stva i osushhestvljat' postojannyj kontrol' nad otklonenijami ot standartov pri planirovanii vo vremja a

  10. The Role of Non-Destructive Testing in the Los Alamos Reactor Programme; Role des Essais Non Destructifs dans le Programme de Reacteurs de los Alamos; Rol' nedestruktivnykh ispytanij materialov v Los-Alamosskoj reaktornoj programme; Papel de los Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo en el Programa de Reactores de Los Alamos

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tenney, G. H. [University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

    1965-10-15

    encerrado en capsulas de tantalo, y durante la fabricacion de estas se aplicaron nuevos metodos de ensayo no destructivo para verificar la integridad del metal basico y de las soldaduras. Tambien se aplicaron esos metodos durante los ensayos de fusion y enfriado y despues de estos. En un experimento realizado con una bomba mecanica de plutonio fundido, se utilizaron procedimientos radiograficos, entre ellos un circuito de television industrial de rayos gamma. Para el programa UHTREX (Ultra High Temperature Reactor Experiment) actualmente en curso de ejecucion, se efectuaron estudios microrradiograficos y al microscopio electronico de las perlas de carburo de uranio revestidas de carbono pirolftico, de 150 {mu}m de diametro, con el fin de evaluar la migracion del uranio en funcion de la temperatura. La masa y la uniformidad de la carga de uranio en los elementos de grafito del programa UHTREX se .determinan mediante contadores de centelleo especiales. (author) [Russian] Los-Alamosskaja nauchnaja laboratorija, rukovodstvo kotoroj osushhestvljaet Kalifornijskij universitet dlja Komissii po atomnoj jenergii SShA, v techenie bolee dvadcati let aktivno zanimaetsja razrabotkoj, proektirovaniem i stroitel'stvom jadernyh reaktorov chetyreh obshhih tipov: issledovatel'skih, jenergeticheskih, reaktorov dlja raketnyh dvigatelej i kriticheskih sborok. Gruppa nedestruktivnyh ispytanij materialov okazyvaet uslugi na praktike vsem vidam dejatel'nosti i proektam laboratorii; v jetom doklade opisyvajutsja nekotorye iz unikal'nyh metodov ispytanij bez razrushenija i priemov, razrabotannyh dlja reaktornoj programmy i ispol'zuemyh v nej. LAJeRJe (Los-Alamosskij jenergeticheskij reaktornyj jeksperiment) osnovan na ispol'zovanii rastvora fosfata urana pri vysokoj temperature. Jetot rastvor javljaetsja ochen' korrozijnym, pojetomu vse chasti, nahodjashhiesja v kontakte s nim. byli pokryty zolotom. Special'nye radiograficheskie metody pozvoljali kontrolirovat' zoloto vo vremja processa proizvodstva

  11. Canadian Food Irradiation Facilities; Installations Canadiennes d'Irradiation des Aliments; Kanadskie ustanovki dlya oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Instalaciones de Irradiacion de Alimentos en el Canada

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Warland, H. M.F.; MacQueen, K. F. [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Commercial Products, Ottawa (Canada)

    1966-11-15

    programmy po kartofelju, KAOAJe pristupilo vmeste s kanadskimi issledovatel'skimi laboratorijami pishhevyh produktov k sovmestnym programmam issledovanij s primeneniem dopolnitel'nyh kamer dlja gamma-obluchenija. V 1960 godu KAOAJe skonstruirovalo ustanovku dlja obluchenija v jekranirovannom pome shhenii na svoem sobstvennom zavode v Ottave, chtoby obluchat' bolee, krupnye predmety, naprimer svinye okoroki i grozd'ja bananov. V 1963 godu, peredvizhnoj obluchatel', kotoryj i do jetogo byl naibolee poleznym sredstvom, stal bolee universal'nym za schet uvelichenija moshhnosti istochnika i osnashhenija sistemoj ohlazhdenija produktov i ustanovkoj dlja kondicionirovanija vozduha v avtofurgone. Posle jetih modifikacij ustanovka ispol'zovalas' v Kalifornii dlja obluchenija raznoobraznyh fruktov na opytnoj stancii ministerstva sel'skogo hozjajstva SShA v Fresno. Daetsja podrobnoe opisanie kamery dlja gamma-obluchenija, peredvizhnogo obluchatelja, ustanovki v jekranirovannom pomeshhenii, promyshlennogo obluchatelja pishhevyh produktov, a takzhe nekotoryh osnovnyh programm issledovanij pishhevyh produktov. V nastojashhee vremja predprijatija pishhevoj promyshlennosti projavljajut vse bol'shij interes k oblucheniju produktov, i perspektivy ispol'zovanija budushhih ustanovok javljajutsja blagoprijatnymi. (author)

  12. Review of Development Status of Nuclear Superheat; Expose sur l'etat actuel des travaux concernant la surchauffe nucleaire; Obzor razrabotki voprosa o yadernykh peregrevatelyakh; Estudio de los progresos realizados en niateria de sobrecalentamiento nuclear

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Imhoff, D. H.; Pennington, R. T. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

    1963-10-15

    nuclear utilizado en el sobrecalentador, evaluaciones de la corrosion uniforme y localizada, tanto en el interior como en el exterior del reactor, resultados de experimentos criticos de sobrecalentamiento termico, y de las comprobaciones experimentales de transmision de calor; por ultimo, examen sucinto de las ventajas economicas que, segun los estudios, presentan los reactores de sobrecalentador separado, los reactores de sobrecalentador integrado y los reactores con sobrecalentamiento de espectro mixto. b) Breve descripcion del programa ESADA-VESR de desarrollo de combustibles para sobrecalentamiento nuclear, patrocinado por la Comision de Energia Atomica. Examen de los trabajos de investigacion, del diseflo de los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del sobrecalentador, de la gama de variables experimentales y de los resultados previstos para el programa trienal de desarrollo del combustible. (author) [Russian] Nachinaya s 1959 goda kompaniya ''Dzheneral Ehlektrik'' aktivno zanimalas' provedeniem raboty v oblasti yadernogo peregreva na reaktorakh s zamedlitelem iz obychnoj vody. Za ehtot period v SSHA vpervye byl proizveden yadernyj peregretyj par v khode provedeniya usovershenstvovannogo demonstratsionnogo ehksperimenta s peregrevom cha ustanovke SADE. Ehtot proekt finansirovalsya kompaniej. Nyneshnee sostoyanie s yadernym peregrevom podrazdelyaetsya na dve glavnye kategorii. Pervaya yavlyaetsya opisaniem trekh osnovnykh ustanovok po oblucheniyu peregretogo topliva, ispol'zuemykh kompaniej ''Dzheneral ehlektrik'', i vtoraya - opisaniem dvukh glavnykh razrabotannykh programm deyatel'nosti, vmeste s obzorom po sostoyaniyu na segodnyashnij den' znachitel'nykh rezul'tatov razvitiya v oblasti peregreva. 1. Glavnye usovershenstvovannye ustanovki: a) Daehtsya kratkoe opisanie ehksperimenta (SADE) na Vallesitosskom reaktore s kipyashchej vodoj (VBWR), privodyatsya tablitsy ehkspluatatsionnykh uslovij, dannye o toplivnykh ehlementakh, obluchennykh v period mezhdu maem

  13. Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

    1962-04-15

    pomoshch'yu metoda izmereniya vremeni proleta mozhno provodit' nejtronnuyu spektrometriyu. Mozhno provodit' bystrye i tochnye izomericheskie issledovaniya v otnoshenii izomerov s poluperiodom raspada v intervale ot 10 do 1000 nanosekund, a takzhe bystro i tochno opredelyat' rasseyanie. EHta rabota vypolnyalas' pri sodejstvii Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA. (author)

  14. The Technology and Applications of Large Fission Product Beta Sources; Technologie et applications des grandes sources beta de fission; Tekhnologiya i primenenie krupnykh istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya; Tecnologia y utilizacion de los productos de fision como fuentes de irradiacion beta de elevada intensidad

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Silverman, Joseph [Radiation Applications Incorporated (United States)

    1960-07-15

    ) [Russian] Beta-izluchatel i ne vkhodili ran'she v raschet v kachestve krupnykh istochnikov izlucheniya, tak kak v proshlom predstavlyayushchie interes protsessy oblucheniya osnovyvalis' na ispol'zovanii chastits, obladayushchikh sposobnost'yu glubokogo proniknoveniya; poehtomu glavnoe vnimanie sosredotochivalos' na ispol'zovanii gamma-izluchenij i iskusstvenno uskorennykh ehlektronov. Okolo chetyrekh let tomu nazad stalo ochevidnym, chto otkryvaetsya shirokaya oblast' vozmozhnykh primenenij, svyazannykh s poverkhnostnym oblucheniem, kak naprimer, izmenenie poverkhnosti obrazovavshegos ya sloya plastmassy putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya i poverkhnostnoj pasterizatsii pishchevykh produktov. Dlya ehtikh primenenij proniknovenie v glubinu yavlyaetsya neehkonomnym, a vozmozhno i vrednym. Est'eshche dve drugie oblasti, v kotorykh proizvedennye mekhanicheskim putem ehlektrony ne ochen' podkhodyat: khimicheskij sintez v nakhodyashchikhsya pod davleniem sosudakh s primeneniem oblucheniya i nekotorye vidy tsepnykh reaktsij so svobodnymi radikalami, dlya kotorykh proizvoditel'nost ' na kilovatt umen'shaetsya proportsional'no kvadratnomu kornyu moshchnosti dozy. Istochniki beta-izluchenij s shirokim polem pokazali ochevidnye potentsial'ny e preimushchestva dlya vsekh ehtikh operatsij i poskol'ku oni poluchayutsya v bol'shikh kolichestvakh za schet protsessov deleniya, to predstavlyalos ' tselesoobrazny m sdelat' tshchatel'nuyu pereotsenku vozmozhnostej ikh primeneniya. Vvidu ehtogo pod pokrovitel'stvom Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA bylo proizvedeno issledovanie primenenij i tekhnologii istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya. EHto issledovanie privelo k sleduyushchim rezul'tatam: 1. Otkryvayutsya perspektivny e vozmozhnosti primeneniya v kommercheskom masshtabe istochnikov beta-izluchenij, ispuskaemykh produktami deleniya, v oblasti oblucheniya produktov, v osobennosti dlya izmeneniya putem sopolimerizatsionnogo narashchivaniya obrazovavshikhsya

  15. Performance Characteristics of the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor from 0 to 100 MW(t); Performances de l'EBWR de 0 a 100 MW; Rabochaya kharakteristika ehksperimental'nogo kipyashchego reaktora EBWR pri moshchnosti 0 - 100 mgvt.; Rendimiento del reactor experimental de agua hirviente (EBWR) entre 0 y 100 MW

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Iskenderian, A.; Lipinski, W. C.; Petrick, M.; Wimunc, E. A. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1963-10-15

    entonces de comportarse como reactor de agua hirviente de ciclo directo; en cierto modo, funciona como reactor de ciclo doble y circulacion natural. (author) [Russian] 25 maya 1962 goda Argonnskaya natsional'naya laboratoriya poluchila razreshenie KAEH SSHA na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora EBWR na moshchnosti 100 mgvt. Administrativnoe razreshenie na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora bylo predostavleno sistemoj garantij. Mezhdunarodnogo agentstva po atomnoj ehnergii 11 iyulya 1961 goda. 15 noyabrya 1962 goda byl dostignut uroven' moshchnosti v 100 mgvt. 6 dekabrya 1962 goda ehksperimental'naya programma byla zakonchena. Odnoj iz osnovnykh tselej ee byla tshchatel'naya proverka reaktora dlya polucheniya dannykh i informatsii rabochej kharakteristiki ehtogo tipa reaktora. Ehta programma byla pervoj programmoj takogo roda i pervoj vypolnennoj programmoj. Dlya polucheniya nuzhnykh dannykh neobkhodimo bylo razrabotat' mnogie novye pribory. TSel' byla dostignuta, polucheno mnogo novykh dannykh o rabochej kharakteristike kipyashchego reaktora s estestvennoj tsirkulyatsiej. Tak,naprimer, poluchena informatsiya otnositel'no skorosti potoka tsirkulyatsii v zamknutom tsikle, predelov separatsii zhidkogo para (vydelenie para v osadok v spusknoj trube i unos zhidkosti ehflu- entom para), nedogreva, lokalizatsii dejstvitel'noj poverkhnosti razdela v reaktore i ee svyazi s urovnem vodnoj kolonki, skorosti razrusheniya para v spusknoj trube, pustotnykh koehffitsientov, reaktivnoj sposobnosti H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}, temperaturnykh koehffitsientov, ispol'zovaniya sterzhnej iz bora dlya tselej kontrolya, ispol'zovaniya svezhikh toplivnykh ehlementov, peredatochnykh funktsij,analiza shuma, nekotorykh izmerenij potoka, stabil'nosti i t.d. Krome togo, byli polucheny dannye o povedenii i tselostnosti nekotorykh reaktornykh komponentov i sistem, takikh, kak bornokislaya kontrol'naya reaktsiya, urovni radiatsii, raspredelenie produktov korrozii, vykhod iz stroya oborudovaniya, toplivo i reguliruyushchie sterzhni i t

  16. Distribution of Aerially Applied Malathion-S{sup 35} in a Forest Ecosystem; Distribution du malathion- {sup 35}S pulverise par avion dans un ensemble ecologique forestier; Raspredelenie malationa, mechennogo S35 i raspylyaemogo s vozdukha dlya izucheniya ehkologicheskoj sistemy lesnykh massivov; Distribucion en un sistema ecologico forestal de malation- 35S pulverizado desde el aire

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Giles, Jr., R. H.; Peterle, T. J. [Ohio Co-Operative Wildlife Research Unit, Columbus, OH (United States)

    1963-09-15

    insecticida pulverizado. Por toma de muestras de tierra y recuento de zonas delimitadas se estudio la distribucion bajo la superficie del suelo. Las muestras de agua tomadas en arroyos intermitentes y los ensayos realizados con insectos, mamiferos, reptiles y aves indicaron la distribucion inicial y subsiguiente del insecticida y sus metabolitos en el sistema ecologico. Los estudios de la poblacion animal siguieron durante los veranos de 1961 y 1962; en el verano de 1963 se reuniran todavia algunos datos. Los resultados preliminares indican que la poblacion de insectos vuelve a la normalidad unas tres semanas despues del tratamiento; no se observo efecto alguno en los animales vertebrados de la zona tratada. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie malationa (0,0-dimetilditiofosfat diehtilmerkaptoyantarnoj kisloty) v lesnom massive vostochnoj chasti Tsentral'nogo Ogajo, SSHA, izuchalos' vesnoj 1962 goda. Ehtot insektitsid shirokogo dejstviya byl vybran dlya izucheniya v svyazi s ego vozrastayushchej rol'yu v bor'be s mnogimi vazhnymi nasekokymi-vreditelyami listvennykh i khvojnykh lesov Soedinennykh Shtatov. Dlya rasshireniya znanij po ehkologii lesnykh massivov, a takzhe bolee polnogo ponimaniya vliyaniya insektitsidov na faunu byla ispol'zovana svoeobraznaya vozmozhnost' izucheniya ehtikh problem odnovremenno posredstvom primeneniya mechennykh izotopami insektitsidov. S{sup 35} byla vybrana vvidu nizkoj ehnergii beta-izlucheniya (0,167 Mehv) i dostatochno korotkogo perioda poluraspada (87,1 dnya). Predvaritel'noe issledovanie uchastka zemli 0,1 akra letom 1961 goda pokazalo stepen' vozmozhnogo' primeneniya v usloviyakh obshchej radiatsii, a takzhe vozmozhnost' razrabotat' podgotovitel'nye metody dlya vzyatiya prob. Letom 1961 goda byl proveden obzor fauny dvukh bassejnov reki ploshchad'yu v 20 akrov kazhdyj. V mae 1962 goda odin iz nikh byl obrabotan tekhnicheski-chistym malationom v kolichestve 2 funtov na 1 akr v smesi s ksilolom, tritonom X-155 (ehmul'gator) i vodoj. Malation

  17. Review of the United States Army Wholesomeness of Irradiated Food Program (1955-1966); Apercu du Programme d'Etudes de l'Armee des Etats Unis sur la Comestibilite des Produits Alimentaires Irradies (1955-1966); Obzor programmy Amerikanskoj armii po voprosu sokhraneniya vkusovykh i pitatel'nykh'kachestv obluchennykh pishchevykh produktov (1955-1966); Programa del Ejercito de Los Estados Unidos Relativo a la Comestibilidad de los Alimentos Irradiados

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Raica, N. Jr. [United States Army Medical Research And Nutrition Laboratory, Fitzsimons General Hospital, Denver, CO (United States); Howie, D. L. [United States Army Medical Research and Development Command, Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC (United States)

    1966-11-15

    proporcion de 32% a 100%. Se llego a las siguientes conclusiones: a) los alimentos irradiados con rayos gamma o con electrons de 10 MeV, en dosis de 5,6 Mrad como maximo, sori tan comestibles como los alimentos no irradiados; b) en general, las perdidas de vitaminas por'irradiacion son analogas a las que produce el tratamiento termico; c) en los alimentos irradiados con cobalto-60 o con electrones de 10 MeV no existe radiactividad inducida detectable; d). los alimentos irradiados son, en general, tan aceptables como los no irradiados. En vista de estas conclusiones, la autoridad competente de los Estados Unidos ha aprobado la irradiacion de los siguientes alimentos: tocino, dosis de 4,5 Mrad, cobalto-60 o electrones de 10 MeV; trigo y derivados, dosis de 50 krad, cobalto-60; patatas, dosis de 10 krad, electrones de 2 MeV; Se estan estudiando o tramitando otras autorizaciones. (author) [Russian] Armija SShA shiroko izuchala mnogie voprosy, kasajushhiesja primenenija ionizirujushhego obluchenija dlja sohranenija pishhevyh produktov. . Rassmatrivajutsja dannye, otvechajushhie na vopros o sohranenii vkusovyh i pitatel'nyh.kachestv(s tochki zrenija toksikologii, pitatel'nosti i, chastichno, mikrobiologicheskoj bezopasnosti) obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov. Bylo zaversheno izuchenie rezul'tatov dlitel'nogo kormljonija zhivotnyh i pokazano, chto obluchennye pishhevye produkt sohranjajut svoi kachestva v toj zhe stepeni, i, kak pravilo, tak zhe prjjomlemy, kak'i pishhevye produkty, obrabotannye obychnym sposobom. Dannye byli polucheny blagodarja usilijam bolee-30 universitetskih, kommercheskih i pravitel'stvennyh laboratorij i vkljuchajut v sebja rezul'taty kormlenija obluchennymi pishhevymi produktami (mjaso, ryba, frukty, juvoshhi i -dr. - vsego 21: vid) 15 000 myshej, 5000 roditel'skih pokolenij krys, 300 sobak i 37 obez'jan. Kak pravilo, produkty byli oblucheny dozami do 2,79 i 5,58 megarada. Istochnikami obluchenija sluzhili otrabotavshie toplivnye, sterzhni, ustanovki s kobal

  18. Post-Construction Testing of the Elk River, Hallam and Piqua Power Reactor Plants; Essais apres construction des centrales nucleaires d'Elk River, de Hallam et de Piqua; Predehkspluatatsionnoe ispytanie Ehlk-riverskoj, Khehlpemskoj i Pikuaskoj ehnergeticheskikh reaktornykh ustanovok; Ensayos posteriores a la construccion de las centrales nucleoelectricas de Elk River, Hallam y Piqua

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pursel, C. A. [United States Atomic Energy Commission, Argonne, IL (United States)

    1963-10-15

    mezhdu okonchaniem stroitel'stva (sooruzhenie ehdakij i ustanovka oborudovaniya) i nachalom ehkspluatatsii na moshchnosti (proizvodstvo znachitel'nogo kolichestva ehlektricheskoj ehnergii netto). Ispytaniya presledovali sleduyushchie tseli: 1) proverit' rabochie kharakteristiki ustanovlennogo oborudovaniya; 2) opredelit' nachal'nuyu kritichnost' i koehffitsient reaktivnosti i 3) opredelit' fizicheskie kharakteristiki reaktora i rabochie kharakteristiki ustanovki po mere uvelicheniya moshchnosti. Nakoplennyj opyt mokhet byt' izlozhen v shesti otdel'nykh, no vzaimosvyazannykh razdelakh: 11 programma; 2) stoimost'; 3) potrebnosti v kadrakh; 4) tekhnologiya provedeniya ispytanij; 5) rabota oborudovaniya (vklyuchaya nepoladki) i 6) fakticheskie (po sravneniyu s raschetnymi) kharakteristiki raboty sistemy. Srednyaya proektnaya chislennost' personala, vklyuchaya rabochikh, operatorov, dozimetristov, vspomogatel'nyj tekhnicheskij personal i stazherov, sostavlyaet: dlya ERR - 50, dlya HNPF - 115 i dlya PNPF - 60 chelovek. Podrobnaya tekhnologiya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij v pis'mennom vide byla podgotovlenv dlya kazhdogo vazhnogo komponenta i kazhdoj sistemy ustanovki. Naskol'ko ehto bylo vozmozhno, vse ispytaniya byli provedeny do zagruzki topliva i nachala ehkspluatatsii vsej ustanovki. Oformlenie razreshenij na ehkpluatatsiyu ustanovok (dublikaty litsenzij na neprinadlezhashchie KAEH SSHA ustanovki) zanyalo pochti vse vremya provedeniya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij. Vremya, potrebovavsheesya dlya provedeniya predehkspluatatsionnykh ispytanij kazhdoj iz ehtikh ustanovok, znachitel'no prevysilo pervonachal'no namechennoe vremya. Ispytaniya vskryli ryad yavnykh i predpolagaemykh neispravnostej komponentov, v rezul'tate chego potrebovalos' provesti dopolnitel'nye ispytaniya i analizy. V ryade sluchaev dlya ispravleniya oshibok, dopushchennykh pri izgotovlenii ili konstruirovanii oborudovaniya, komponenty prishlos' remontirovat' ili vidoizmenyat'. Osnovnymi nepoladkami