Effects of CaCl2 solutions to alleviate drought stress effects in potted ornamentals Salvia splendens and Ageratum houstonianum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agata Jędrzejuk

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Bedding plants are often subjected to soil water deficit – either after planting and/or during the market chain. Methods to alleviate the negative water stress effects are sought for to preserve ornamental values of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of two bedding plants, Ageratum houstonianum Mill. and Salvia splendens Sellow ex Scult., to water stress and treatments with calcium chloride aimed to alleviate drought effects. Plants were subjected either to 45 days of periodical stress (five cycles when watering was off for 5 consecutive days, followed by four cycles on for 5 consecutive days or 10 days of radical drought (complete water withdrawal. On the first day, before the onset of drought, plants were watered with 0.5% Ca or 1% Ca w/v as a solution of calcium chloride (5 g or 10 g Ca per 1 dm3 of the growing substrate. The similarly Ca-treated but routinely watered plants provided controls to evaluate the water shortage effects. Plant height, inflorescence length/number, leaf number, leaf area (in Salvia splendens only, aboveground plant part weight, and root weight (in Salvia splendens only as well as leaf relative water content (RWC were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiments. Water withdrawal during 10 days of growth (radical drought reduced by half RWC in leaves of withering Salvia splendens and Ageratum houstonianum plants. Its effects on the growth parameters were less pronounced and mitigated by Ca applications. Also in the periodically stressed plants of both species, RWC and most growth parameters were reduced by water shortage but Ca applications alleviated the negative stress effects.

Factores de interés referentes a la colonización de Haemagogus Splendens para experimentos de transmisión con virus de fiebre amarilla en el Laboratorio Factores de interés referentes a la colonización de Haemagogus Splendens para experimentos de transmisión con virus de fiebre amarilla en el Laboratorio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osorno-Mesa Ernesto

1947-12-01

Full Text Available 1 o Se amplia la distribución geográfica de Haemagogus splendens, conocida hasta hoy, anotando su papel importante como probable vector en la naturaleza. 2 o H. splendens es la especie del genero Haemagogus que biológicamente representa el eslabón entre este genero y Aedes, por la gran similitud de su comportamiento en el laboratorio, con A. aegypti. 3 o Es la especie de más fácil determinación por las hembras. 4 o Se da una técnica para el transporte y posturas de huevos de las hembras de mosquitos. 1o The known geographic distribution of Haemagogus splendens is extended, and its role as a probable vector in natural conditions is established. 2 o H. splendens of all the species of Haemaqogus, is the one that seems to constitute a biological link between that genus and the genus Aedes. (Based on the great similarity of behavior with Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. 3 o The identification of females is most easy. 4 o A technique for egg laying and transportation of the adults is described.

Gama-aminobutyric acid accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens in response to copper toxicity*

OpenAIRE

Yang, Xiao-e; Peng, Hong-yun; Tian, Sheng-ke

2005-01-01

A solution with different Cu supply levels was cultured to investigate gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in Elsholtzia splendens, a native Chinese Cu-tolerant and accumulating plant species. Increasing Cu from 0.25 to 500 μmol/L significantly enhanced levels of GABA and histidine (His), but considerably decreased levels of aspartate (Asp) and glutamate (Glu) in the leaves. The leaf Asp level negatively correlated with leaf Cu level, while leaf GABA level positively correlated with le...

COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF EUPHORBIA MILLI VAR. SPLENDENS (BOJER EX HOOK. URSCH & LEANDRI AND EUPHORBIA PULCHERRIMA WILLD. EX KLOTZSCH SPECIES LEAVES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodica BERCU

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The paper presents a comparative study concerning the leaf structure of two Euphorbia species belonging to Euphorbiaceae family: Euphorbia milli var. splendens (Bojer ex Hook. Ursch & Leandri and Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch. Anatomically, the leaves of the studied species are quite similar in the basic structure. The petiole has a single-layered epidermis, a collenchyma tissue – hypodermis - and three collateral bundles embedded in a basic tissue. Differences occur concerning the relationship between the collateral bundles. The Euphorbia pulcherrima bract petiole has almost the same structure as those of the leaf petiole. The blade is amphistomatic for Euphorbia milli var. splendes and hipostomatic for E. pulcherrima. The heterogeneous mesophyll is isobilateral in Euphorbia milli var. splendens blade and bifacial in E. pulcherrima. The vascular system of the mid rib is represented by one collateral bundle for both species, more developed in Euphorbia milli var. splendens blade. Differences appear concerning the epidermal cells cuticle thickness, the type of mesophyll, the abundance of the non-articulated laticifers and the development of the vascular system. The Euphorbia pulcherrima bract has the same organization plan structure as the leaf blade but some features differences occur.

Vliv vybraných faktorů na reprodukci ryby Betta splendens

OpenAIRE

HOMOLKA, Václav

2013-01-01

The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens; order Perciformes, family Osphronemidae) is a fish occurring in the area of south east Asia. Above branchial organ (so-called labyrinth) allowes it to breath an air oxygen. It is a territorial sort of fish, males are brawling to each other. In a breeding fish take alive or frozen food and also artificial feed. The fish is bubblenest, spawns are put into a foam nest, built by a male, that takes care about the posterity for some time. The task of the ...

International entrepreneurship and effectuation: the Yaguara Ecológico Coffee case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Porto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the entrepreneur and the characteristics of the internationalization process for Yaguara Ecológico, a small Brazilian coffee producer, in the light of different theoretical approaches. A literature review was done with special attention given to the theories of International Entrepreneurship and Effectuation. This paper deals with the International New Venture phenomenon (OVIATT; McDOUGALL, 1994, and in order to understand the importance of entrepreneurs in a company's internationalization process, the Effectuation theory was chosen that offers alternatives to describe how they think and behave when starting a new venture (PERRY et.al., 2012. The research method used a single case study and in-depth interviews were conducted with company managers. The results suggest that the theories offer explanations for the company's internationalization activities; however, some characteristics of this trend did not adhere to the theoretical propositions.

Resurgence in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Stephanie P; Cançado, Carlos R X; Lattal, Kennon A

2014-03-01

Resurgence of previously reinforced responding was investigated in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Swimming through a ring produced 15-s mirror presentations according to, with different fish, either a fixed-ratio 1 or a variable-interval 60-s schedule of reinforcement. When responding was stable, a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule was substituted for the mirror-presentation schedule. Following this, mirror presentations were discontinued (extinction). During this latter phase, there were transient increases in the ring-swim response relative to the frequency of such responding during the differential-reinforcement-of-other behavior schedule. Resurgence was similar for the fish exposed previously to the fixed-ratio or to the variable-interval schedule. These results extend to Siamese fighting fish a well-established behavioral phenomenon previously not observed in this species or with this response topography, and only rarely reported following the removal of a non-consumable reinforcer. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Une Exception Francaise: Les Grandes Ecoles (A French Exception: The Great Schools).

Science.gov (United States)

Kimmel, Alain

1996-01-01

Examines the role of exceptional schools in France that have produced famous personages such as Charles de Gaulle and Jean-Paul Sartre. The schools reviewed include L'Ecole Nationale d'Administration, L'Ecole Polytechnique, L'Ecole Normale Superieure, L'Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, Saint-Cyr, and L'Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris.…

ECOL Book Catalog.

Science.gov (United States)

Minneapolis Public Library, Minn. Environmental Conservation Library.

This catalog represents the collection of the Environmental Conservation Library oF Minnesota (ECOL) as of September 1973, when it contained over 2,800 titles of books and government documents, augmented by periodicals and substantial numbers of pamphlets, papers, brochures, and related materials. The catalog includes an author and main entry…

Semi-automated tracking of behaviour of Betta splendens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Durey, Maëlle; Paulsen, Rasmus Reinhold; Matessi, Giuliano

2010-01-01

In this paper, a novel software system for animal behaviour tracking is described. It is used for tracking fish filmed in aquariums using a low quality acquisition system. The tracking is based on a multiscale template matching technique that finds both the position and the orientation of the tra......In this paper, a novel software system for animal behaviour tracking is described. It is used for tracking fish filmed in aquariums using a low quality acquisition system. The tracking is based on a multiscale template matching technique that finds both the position and the orientation...... of the tracked fish. The template is matched in the background subtracted frames, where the background is estimated using a median based approach. The system is very stable and has been used in a large behavioural study design to the use of the behavioural pattern known as mate choice copying in Betta splendens....

Interactive effects of copper stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorphyl fluorescence parameters of elsholtzia splendens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Y.; Jin, Z.; Li, J.

2017-01-01

To determine interactive effects of added copper (Cu) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the photosynthesis of Elsholtzia splendens, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted. Four treatments were used, including -Cu-AMF (no Cu addition and no AMF inoculation), +Cu-AMF (Cu addition but no AMF inoculation), -Cu+AMF (no Cu addition and AMF inoculation), and +Cu+AMF (Cu addition and AMF inoculation). Cu addition did not change diurnal variation curves of the net photosynthetic rate(PN), the intercellular CO/sub 2/ concentration (Ci), the stomatal conductance (gs), or the transpiration rate (E); however, it significantly decreased the daily mean PN, gs, E, light-use efficiency (LUE), and carboxylation efficiency (CE). Furthermore, AMF inoculation significantly increased the daily mean PN, gs, LUE, and CE of E. splendens. In response to light, Cu addition significantly decreased the light-saturated net photosynthetic rate (PNmax), the light saturation point (LSP), the light compensation point (LCP), and the apparent quantum yield (AQY), while AMF inoculation significantly increased PNmax and AQY. In response to the CO/sub 2/ concentration, Cu addition significantly decreased PNmax and the CO/sub 2/ saturation point (CSP), while AMF inoculation significantly increased PNmax. Both Cu addition and AMF inoculation significantly decreased the relative chlorophyll content. Compared to the negative control treatment (-Cu-AMF), Cu addition significantly increased the minimal fluorescence, but significantly decreased maximal fluorescence, variable fluorescence,and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII. These results suggest that AMF inoculations alleviate the inhibitory effect of copper stress on E. splendens plants by weakening its toxic effects on the photosynthetic apparatus and pigments. (author)

Alcances y limitaciones del concepto de huella ecológica

OpenAIRE

Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

Alcances y limitaciones del concepto de huella ecologica .- Antecedentes, Objetivo y definición de huella ecológica .- Cálculo de la huella ecológica .- Factores no recogidos por el indicador .- Reflexiones finales

Development of gas exchange and ion regulation in two species of air-breathing fish, Betta splendens and Macropodus opercularis.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Chun-Yen; Lin, Cheng-Huang; Lin, Hui-Chen

2015-07-01

Aquatic air-breathing anabantoids, a group of fish species characterized by the presence of a labyrinth organ and some gills, exhibit morphological variations. This study aimed to examine whether unequal gill growth begins during the early stages and described the sequence of the early gill developmental events in Betta splendens and Macropodus opercularis. To determine when the ion regulatory and gas exchange abilities first appear in the gills, mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) and neuroepithelial cells (NECs) were examined in young B. splendens. To evaluate the relative importance of the gills and the labyrinth organ under different levels of oxygen uptake stress, the levels of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) protein expressions in 2 gills and the labyrinth organ were examined in M. opercularis. We found that the first 3 gills developed earlier than the 4th gill in both species, an indication that the morphological variation begins early in life. In B. splendens, the MRCs and NECs clearly appeared in the first 3 gills at 4 dph and were first found in the 4th gill until 11 dph. The oxygen-sensing ability of the gills was concordant with the ionoregulatory function. In M. opercularis, the hypoxic group had a significantly higher air-breathing frequency. CAII protein expression was higher in the labyrinth organ in the hypoxic group. The gills exhibited increased NKA protein expression in the hypoxic and restricted groups, respectively. Functional plasticity in CAII and NKA protein expressions was found between the gills and the labyrinth organ in adult M. opercularis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of microbial inoculation and chitosan in phytoextraction of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd by Elsholtzia splendens - a field case

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Fayuan [Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 70 Tianjin Road, Luoyang, Henan Province 471003 (China) and Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008 (China)]. E-mail: wfy1975@163.com; Lin Xiangui [Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008 (China); Yin Rui [Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008 (China)

2007-05-15

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of microbial inoculation on heavy metal phytoextraction by Elsholtzia splendens and whether chitosan could have a synergistic effect with the microbial inocula. The microbial inocula consisted of a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and two Penicillium fungi. Three treatments were included: the control, inoculation with microbial inocula, and the inoculation combined with chitosan. Microbial inoculation increased plant biomass especially shoot dry weight, enhanced shoot Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations but did not affect Cd, leading to higher shoot Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd uptake. Compared with microbial inoculation alone, chitosan application did not affect plant growth but increased shoot Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations except Cu, which led to higher phytoextraction efficiencies and partitioning to shoots of Zn, Pb and Cd. These results indicated synergistic effects between microbial inocula and chitosan on Zn, Pb and Cd phytoextraction. - Co-application of microbial inocula and chitosan enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction by E. splendens.

Role of microbial inoculation and chitosan in phytoextraction of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd by Elsholtzia splendens - a field case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Fayuan; Lin Xiangui; Yin Rui

2007-01-01

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of microbial inoculation on heavy metal phytoextraction by Elsholtzia splendens and whether chitosan could have a synergistic effect with the microbial inocula. The microbial inocula consisted of a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and two Penicillium fungi. Three treatments were included: the control, inoculation with microbial inocula, and the inoculation combined with chitosan. Microbial inoculation increased plant biomass especially shoot dry weight, enhanced shoot Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations but did not affect Cd, leading to higher shoot Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd uptake. Compared with microbial inoculation alone, chitosan application did not affect plant growth but increased shoot Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations except Cu, which led to higher phytoextraction efficiencies and partitioning to shoots of Zn, Pb and Cd. These results indicated synergistic effects between microbial inocula and chitosan on Zn, Pb and Cd phytoextraction. - Co-application of microbial inocula and chitosan enhanced heavy metal phytoextraction by E. splendens

Visual reinforcement in the female Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

Elcoro, Mirari; Silva, Stephanie P; Lattal, Kennon A

2008-07-01

Operant conditioning with Betta splendens (Bettas) has been investigated extensively using males of the species. Ethological studies of female Bettas have revealed aggressive interactions that qualitatively parallel those between male Bettas. Given these similarities, four experiments were conducted with female Bettas to examine the generality of a widely reported finding with males: mirror-image reinforcement. Swimming through a ring was reinforced by a 10-s mirror presentation. As with males, ring swimming was acquired and maintained when mirror presentations were immediate (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and delayed (Experiment 4). The failure of conventional extinction (Experiments 1 and 2) and response-independent mirror presentations (Experiment 3) to maintain responding confirmed the reinforcing properties of mirror presentation. These results extend previous findings of mirror images as reinforcers in males of the same species and illustrate a complementarity between behavioral ecology and the experimental analysis of behavior.

El sector de los alimentos ecológicos: Regulación y etiquetado ecológico = The organic food sector: Regulation and ecological labeling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Belén Aguirre García

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El sector de los alimentos ecológicos y la evolución de su normativa están experimentando continuos cambios y ampliaciones acordes con los flujos económicos y comerciales de nuestros días. El objetivo del artículo, desde una metodología descriptiva, es reflejar esta evolución, presentando la regulación vigente, que es exhaustiva y abarca ámbitos diversos: sistemas de producción agraria ecológica, control y certificación de operadores, comercialización y etiquetado de los alimentos ecológicos. Asimismo, se abordan las diferentes caracterizaciones en la actualidad del etiquetado de los alimentos ecológicos en Europa, en España y en las Comunidades Autónomas.   The organic food sector and the evolution of its regulations are undergoing continuous changes and extensions in line with the economic and commercial flows of our day. The objective of the article, from a descriptive methodology, is to reflect this evolution, presenting the current regulation, which is exhaustive and covers different areas: ecological agricultural production systems, operator control and certification, marketing and labeling of organic food. It also addresses the different characterizations of organic food labeling in Europe, Spain and the “Comunidades Autónomas”.

Seletividade de sálvia (Salvia splendens ao herbicida oxyfluorfen veiculado à palha de arroz Selectivity of Salvia splendens to oxyfluorfen applied to rice straw

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K.F.L. Pivetta

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O manejo de plantas daninhas em canteiros de floríferas é um dos principais aspectos que interferem na manutenção dos jardins. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a possibilidade de veiculação do oxyfluorfen à palha de arroz e a seletividade da sálvia (Salvia splendens, uma das principais floríferas produzidas e comercializadas no Brasil, ao herbicida. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram quatro quantidades de palha de arroz (0, 4, 6 e 8 t ha-1 combinadas com três doses do herbicida oxyfluorfen (0, 1 e 2 L ha-1. Observou-se que os tratamentos que levaram à veiculação do herbicida (nas duas doses testadas e nas três quantidades de palha apresentaram controle de plantas daninhas sem que efeitos fitotóxicos severos fossem observados nas plantas de sálvia. A pulverização direta do herbicida sobre o solo e as plantas de sálvia não se mostrou viável. O tratamento que proporcionou controle satisfatório de plantas daninhas sem causar danos às plantas de sálvia e que, por isso, pode ser recomendado foi o que recebeu o herbicida na dose de 2 L ha-1, veiculado a 4 t ha-1 de palha de arroz.Weed control is one of the main constrains to flower garden maintenance. This work aimed to study the possibility of translocating oxyfluorfen to rice straw and of selectivity of Salvia splendens, one of the main ornamental species produced and commercialized in Brazil, to the herbicide. A randomized block design was used in the factorial scheme 4 x 3, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of four amounts of rice straw (0, 4, 6 and 8 t ha-1 combined with three doses of oxyfluorfen (0, 1 and 2 L ha-1. The results showed that the treatments that led to translocation of the herbicide to rice straw showed great weed control, without any high phytotoxicty damage to the salvia plants. The treatment receiving g 4 L ha-1 of herbicide in 2

Assessment of (Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora Cell Cultures Response Under to Water Stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonor Angélica Guerrero Zúñiga

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Plant cell cultures are homogenous experimental systems, highly controllable that allow the study of short and large water stress adaptations without the interference of the different tissues and development of plants. An approach to understand these adaptations is through the presence of induced proteins; as a result of changes in genetic expression. This work analyze the response of Fouquieria splendens ssp. breviflora cell cultures exposed to abscisic acid (ABA, through the electrophoretic characterization of quantity and quality of stress induced proteins. There were recorded low molecular weight polypeptides (< 35kDa, common in experiments under ABA 10mM, followed by the association with 20 and 30mM ABA conditions, with a particularly response of cell cultures without the stress agent.

Leaf litter is essential for seed survival of the endemic endangered tree Pouteria splendens (Sapotaceae from central Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. J. Sotes

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Pouteria splendens (A.DC. Kuntze, the Chilean lúcumo, is an endemic tree and the only member of the Sapotaceae family in Chile. It is considered an endangered species as a consequence of its restricted distribution and small population size. Currently, individuals of P. splendens are immersed in a heterogeneous landscape with rocky mounds and plains located in areas densely populated by humans. Natural regeneration in the species seems to be low, despite the fact that plants are able to produce fruits. The species produces brightly colored fleshy drupes. There is no information about the dispersal pattern and the fate of the seeds. In this work we investigate (i the seed dispersal pattern and (ii the effect of tree canopy and the presence of leaf litter on seed survival, both in rocky mounds and plains. Results indicated an extremely low distance of seed dispersal, with most of the seeds falling down under the canopy. Seed survival under the canopy without leaf litter was very low and even zero in rocky mounds. Nevertheless, the presence of leaf litter covering the seeds increased survival in both habitats. Outside the canopy, seed survival only increased in plains. We suggest that future conservation programs should focus on protecting both adult plants and leaf litter under trees.

Counting with Colours? Effect of Colours on the Numerical Abilities of House Crows (Corvus splendens) and Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)

OpenAIRE

Rahman, Nor Amira Abdul; Ali, Zalila; Zuharah, Wan Fatma; Fadzly, Nik

2016-01-01

We conducted several aviary experiments to investigate the influence of colours in quantity judgments of two species of birds; house crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Different quantity (in seven different food proportions) of mealworms were presented nonsequentially to all birds using artificially coloured red mealworms, for experiment 1, and using artificially coloured green mealworms, for experiment 2. Both red and green coloured mealworms have no significant ...

Ladrillos ecológicos una estrategia didáctica

OpenAIRE

Leiva Deantonio, Dolly Elizabeth; Reyes Roncancio, Jaime Duván

2017-01-01

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación desarrollada para incorporar una conciencia-ecológica-práctica en relación con la utilidad de los envases plásticos y el empaque de productos alimenticios que se generan diariamente en una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Bogotá. El proceso metodológico de corte cualitativo involucró la participación de los estudiantes en la exploración del tipo de desechos plásticos y su adaptación como ladrillos ecológicos, fomentando acciones con...

Do gray wolves (Canis lupus) support pack mates during aggressive inter-pack interactions?

Science.gov (United States)

Cassidy, Kira A; McIntyre, Richard T

2016-09-01

For group-living mammals, social coordination increases success in everything from hunting and foraging (Crofoot and Wrangham in Mind the Gap, Springer, Berlin, 2010; Bailey et al. in Behav Ecol Sociobiol 67:1-17, 2013) to agonism (Mosser and Packer in Anim Behav 78:359-370, 2009; Wilson et al. in Anim Behav 83:277-291, 2012; Cassidy et al. in Behav Ecol 26:1352-1360, 2015). Cooperation is found in many species and, due to its low costs, likely is a determining factor in the evolution of living in social groups (Smith in Anim Behav 92:291-304, 2014). Beyond cooperation, many mammals perform costly behaviors for the benefit of group mates (e.g., parental care, food sharing, grooming). Altruism is considered the most extreme case of cooperation where the altruist increases the fitness of the recipient while decreasing its own fitness (Bell in Selection: the mechanism of evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008). Gray wolf life history requires intra-pack familiarity, communication, and cooperation in order to succeed in hunting (MacNulty et al. in Behav Ecol doi: 10.1093/beheco/arr159 2011) and protecting group resources (Stahler et al. in J Anim Ecol 82: 222-234, 2013; Cassidy et al. in Behav Ecol 26:1352-1360, 2015). Here, we report 121 territorial aggressive inter-pack interactions in Yellowstone National Park between 1 April 1995 and 1 April 2011 (>5300 days of observation) and examine each interaction where one wolf interferes when its pack mate is being attacked by a rival group. This behavior was recorded six times (17.6 % of interactions involving an attack) and often occurred between dyads of closely related individuals. We discuss this behavior as it relates to the evolution of cooperation, sociality, and altruism.

Restauración ecológica en la meseta central de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Barrientos Llosa, Zaidett; Monge-Nájera, Julian

2016-01-01

Debido al impacto negativo del ser humano sobre los hábitats terrestres y acuáticos, actualmente es necesaria la restauración ecológica de hábitats degradados. Suele confundírsele con la reforestación y la sucesión natural. La restauración ecológica es una actividad tecnológica que recupera en un ecosistema dañado el suelo, el agua, el aire y las especies que lo habitaron originalmente. Resumimos los hallazgos aplicables a la restauración ecológica en Costa Rica, con énfasis en la Meseta Cent...

Pupils' reasons for learning and behaving and for not learning and behaving in English and maths lessons in a secondary school.

Science.gov (United States)

Norwich, B

1999-12-01

There is renewed interest in motivation and school learning, though there has been relatively little theory-linked research in English schools. In the first stage, to explore pupils' reasons for learning and behaving and for not learning and behaving in English, maths and other subjects. In the second stage, to examine differences in reasons across subjects, for learning and behaving and for not learning and behaving for boys and girls in two year groups in one secondary school. Stage 1, 16 pupils in years 7, 8 and 9 in two London secondary schools; Stage 2, 267 pupils in years 7 and 9 in one of these schools. Stage 1--semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit different kinds of reasons conceptualised in terms of the Deci & Ryan's (1985) framework of self-determination. From these elicited reasons, an inventory 'Why I Learn' was designed. Stage 2--the inventory was administered to identify reasons for learning and behaving and for not learning and behaving in English and maths. Parent introjected reasons were the highest for learning and behaving while teacher introjected and intrinsic reasons were the lowest. Intrinsic reasons were highest for not learning and behaving. Year group differences in reason levels were more significant than gender or subject differences. Reasons for learning and behaving were more differentiated from each other than reasons for not learning and behaving. The results are discussed in terms of their significance for self-determination theory, research into the conditions promoting greater self-determination in school learning and further development of the inventory for programme evaluation.

Development of a HS-SPME-GC/MS protocol assisted by chemometric tools to study herbivore-induced volatiles in Myrcia splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

Souza Silva, Érica A; Saboia, Giovanni; Jorge, Nina C; Hoffmann, Camila; Dos Santos Isaias, Rosy Mary; Soares, Geraldo L G; Zini, Claudia A

2017-12-01

A headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed and optimized for extraction and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) of leaves and galls of Myrcia splendens. Through a process of optimization of main factors affecting HS-SPME efficiency, the coating divivnilbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/Car/PDMS) was chosen as the optimum extraction phase, not only in terms of extraction efficiency, but also for its broader analyte coverage. Optimum extraction temperature was 30°C, while an extraction time of 15min provided the best compromise between extraction efficiencies of lower and higher molecular weight compounds. The optimized protocol was demonstrated to be capable of sampling plant material with high reproducibility, considering that most classes of analytes met the 20% RSD FDA criterion. The optimized method was employed for the analysis of three classes of M. splendens samples, generating a final list of 65 tentatively identified VOC, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenol derivatives, as well as mono and sesquiterpenes. Significant differences were evident amongst the volatile profiles obtained from non-galled leaves (NGL) and leaf-folding galls (LFG) of M. splendens. Several differences pertaining to amounts of alcohols and aldehydes were detected between samples, particularly regarding quantities of green leaf volatiles (GLV). Alcohols represented about 14% of compounds detected in gall samples, whereas in non-galled samples, alcohol content was below 5%. Phenolic derived compounds were virtually absent in reference samples, while in non-galled leaves and galls their content ranged around 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively. Likewise, methyl salicylate, a well-known signal of plant distress, amounted for 1.2% of the sample content of galls, whereas it was only present in trace levels in reference samples. Chemometric analysis based on Heatmap associated

Clerodendrum splendens: a potential source of antimicrobials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ajaib, M.; Boota, F.

2014-01-01

The antimicrobial status of the bark and leaves of Clerodendrum splendens was evaluated.The inquisition had provided that the leaf and bark of the plant had exhibited maximum antimicrobial potential. The antibacterial activity was significant against S. aureus with the maximum effectiveness of 71 ± 0.6 mm displayed by the petroleum ether extracts of bark. Moreover, all the petroleum ether extracts exhibited maximum inhibitory effects against all the bacterial strains. The Gram negative strains, i.e. K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and E. coli had provided good to satisfactory results within the range of 20 ± 0.8 mm to 69 ± 0.9 mm. Excellent activities were exhibited by leaf and bark extracts against the fungal pathogens with the maximum potential displayed by the petroleum ether extracts of leaf i.e. 57 ± 0.5 mm against A. oryzae. The MIC assays were carried out to further authenticate the results obtained by zones of inhibitions. The MIC potential exhibited by Gram negative bacteria for K. pneumoniae was evaluated to be > 0.032 mg/mL while for the S. aureus was roughly evaluated to be > 0.088. Moreover, the MIC activity displayed against other Gram negative bacterial strains was reported > 0.112 ± 0.7 mg/mL for E. coli and > 0.059 ± 1.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The MIC effectiveness for the fungal strain of A. niger and A. oryzae was evaluated to be 0.118 ± 0.7 mg/mL. (author)

Una filosofía ecológica en Rodolfo Kusch

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry Armando Alfonso Salgado

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En su obra filosófica, el pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch busca desentrañar el pensamiento del indígena y del campesino para poner en evidencia ese aferrado espíritu ecológico de América que está tan arraigado al suelo y a la vida. El suelo no se reduce a los cuatro puntos cardinales, tampoco se divide en suelos diferentes (el suelo es la extensión, sino que indica la situación, anclada en la categoría de “estar”, en la tierra. El pensamiento ecológico de América debe buscarse como una raíz muy profunda sin utilizar la fuerza, puesto que la vida se encuentra arraigada en lo más profundo de la tierra y no debe arrancarse por mediaciones que desnaturalicen los procesos mis- mos de estar en la tierra. De esta forma, el pensar ecológico-cosmológico se convierte en la matriz o en el fundamento de toda una filosofía cosmológica indígena que, a su vez, es la gestora de otras estructuras como la política, la arquitectura, la economía, la religión y otros ámbitos de su organización cultural, bien sea como imperio, civilización o comunidad organizada. Así su concepción cósmica-ecológica es la base o raíz que nace de la semilla sobre la cual se gestan los principales imperios americanos.

A temática ambiental e o ensino de biologia: o professor enquanto sujeito ecológico

OpenAIRE

Campos, Daniela Bertolucci de [UNESP

2007-01-01

Professores são potencialmente educadores ambientais no ensino formal, mas para que atuem como tal é necessário que ocorra um processo de identificação pessoal e profissional com o ambiental durante a sua trajetória de vida. Segundo Carvalho (2004), professores que passam a cultivar idéias e sensibilidades ecológicas em sua prática educativa estão sendo portadores dos ideais do sujeito ecológico. O sujeito ecológico representa um tipo ideal, que possui um conjunto de atributos e valores ecoló...

Marco para el análisis del tema ecológico en la literatura venezolana

OpenAIRE

María De los Ángeles Martín Hernández

2016-01-01

El propósito del artículo es sistematizar las premisas teóricas que constituyen la base fundamental para el abordaje analítico de los textos literarios con tema ecológico. Se conjugan y sintetizan los planteamientos hallados en la revisión bibliográfica realizada, relacionados con definiciones y caracterizaciones de la vinculación actividad literaria-tema ecológico en el contexto venezolano; se organizan consideraciones que explican la adopción del adjetivo “ecológico” y las vinculaciones eco...

Una mirada actual del modelo ecológico de Florence Nightingale

OpenAIRE

Germán-Bes, Concepción

2011-01-01

Introducción: La celebración del centenario de Florence Nightingale y la iniciativa de la Fundación Index de la lectura continuada en voz alta, nos ha permitido reflexionar en la obra “Notas de Enfermería”, cuyo objetivo se ha centrado en los contenidos ecológicos de la misma. Método: Realizamos un “análisis de contenido” del texto buscando lo ecológico y ambiental y se han contrastado con las posibles influencias o concordancia con autores de su época y con lo que son hoy los conceptos de sa...

FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY IN THE OTOLITH WIDTH AND LENGTH OF ADULT TELEOST (Beryx splendens LOWE, 1834 (FAMILY: BERCIDAE COLLECTED FROM THE ARABIAN SEA COASTS OF SULTANATE OF OMAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H.K. Albusaidi

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Fluctuating asymmetry was described for the otolith width and length of adult teleost Beryx splendens. The results showed that the level of asymmetry of the otolith width was the highest among the two asymmetry values obtained for the otolith of B. splendens. For the otolith width character, the results showed that the level of asymmetry at its highest value in fish ranging in length between 191–200 mm and in its lowest value in fish ranging in length between 121–180 mm. For the otolith length, the highest value of asymmetry is noticed in fish ranging in length between 231–244 mm and the lowest value in fish within the length of 121–190 mm. The possible cause of the asymmetry in this species has been discussed in relation to different pollutants and their presence in the area. No trend of increase in the asymmetry values with the fish length was noticed for the otolith width, but there is a weak trend of increase with the fish length in case of otolith length character.

Géographie de l´Ecole et géographie à l´Ecole. (Etude du fichier des thèses de 1990 à 1994.)

OpenAIRE

Chevalier, Jean-Pierre

1997-01-01

La décennie des années 90 est marquée par un développement des travaux de thèses en géographie portant soit sur l´Ecole, soit sur la didactique de la discipline. Certaines font de l´Ecole un objet géographique, d´autres étudient l´enseignement de la géographie, ce sont ces dernières qui relèvent de préoccupations plus proprement didactiques. Nous distinguons donc “géographie de l´Ecole” et “géographie à l´Ecole”. Nous avons étudié le fichier des thèses soutenues et des sujets de thèses dépos...

BehavePlus fire modeling system, version 5.0: Variables

Science.gov (United States)

Patricia L. Andrews

2009-01-01

This publication has been revised to reflect updates to version 4.0 of the BehavePlus software. It was originally published as the BehavePlus fire modeling system, version 4.0: Variables in July, 2008.The BehavePlus fire modeling system is a computer program based on mathematical models that describe wildland fire behavior and effects and the...

Uncertain population dynamic and state variables of alfonsino (Beryx splendens Dinámica poblacional incierta y variables de estado en alfonsino (Beryx splendens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Wiff

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Alfonsino (Beryx splendens is a species associated with seamounts, with an important fishery in Juan Fernandez archipelago, Chile (33°40'S, 79°00'W. Since 2004, this resource has been managed by catch quotas estimated from stock assessment models. The alfonsino model involves high levels of uncertainty for several reasons including a lack of knowledge of aspects of the population dynamics and poorly informative time-series that feed the proposed evaluation models. This work evaluated three hypotheses regarding population dynamics and their influence on the main state variables (biomass, recruitment of the model using age-structured and dynamic biomass models. The hypotheses corresponded to de-recruitment of older individuals, non-linearity between standardized catch per unit effort, and population abundance as well as variations of the relative importance of length structures. According to the results, the depletion of the spawning biomass between 1998 and 2008 varied between 9 and 56%, depending on the combination of hypotheses used in the model. This indicates that state variables in alfonsino are not robust to the available information; rather, they depend strongly on the hypothesis of population dynamics. The discussion is focused on interpreting the causes of the changes in the state variables in light of a conceptual model for population dynamics in alfonsino and which pieces of information would be necessary to reduce the associated uncertainty.El alfonsino (Beryx splendens es una especie asociada a montes submarinos. En Chile sustenta una importante pesquería en el archipiélago de Juan Fernández (33°40'S, 79°00'W. Desde el año 2004, este recurso es administrado a través de cuotas anuales de capturas, las cuales son estimadas desde un modelo de evaluación de stock. La modelación de la población de alfonsino se caracteriza por una alta incertidumbre, debido a diversas fuentes, como son desconocimiento de aspectos de su din

Natureza, ecologia e cultura: bases para uma abordagem ao projeto ecológico

OpenAIRE

Silva, Paula Gomes da

2013-01-01

A sensibilidade ao contexto natural, mais tarde identificado como contexto ecológico, constitui um aspecto fundamental da arquitectura paisagista. Simultaneamente, a criação de espaços de paisagem como produto cultural, motivado e apreciado no âmbito de convenções estéticas é também uma das características fundamentais da profissão. A dupla ligação à natureza (ciência) e à cultura (arte) tem sido motivadora de profundos conflitos. O projecto ecológico, que se consolidou como uma corrente proj...

Changes in Sensory Responsiveness in Behaving Primates.

Science.gov (United States)

1986-07-14

controlled behavioral training and monitoring, and electrophysiological recording in awake , behaving monkeys. All I, research equipment listed in the original...recording from the sensorimotor cortices was conducted on May 21. Under general anesthesia, a craniotomy was performed over the pre- and postcentral cortices...Department of Neurosurgery at U.T. Dr. Klein is somewhat unusual in that he has had previous experience recording from awake , behaving monkeys. The experience

behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

2011-06-13

Jun 13, 2011 ... experiment results of L-glutamic acid fermentation process showed that our ... Key words: Soft-sensing model, quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization ... information about such biochemical variables is, in most practical ...

Myrcia splendens (Sw. DC. (syn. M. fallax (Rich. DC. (Myrtaceae Essential Oil from Amazonian Ecuador: A Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity Profile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Scalvenzi

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In this study, we performed the chemical characterization of Myrcia splendens (Sw. DC. (Myrtaceae essential oil from Amazonian Ecuador and the assessment of its bioactivity in terms of cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity as starting point for possible applicative uses. M. splendens essential oil, obtained by hydro-distillation, was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID: the major components were found to be trans-nerolidol (67.81% and α-bisabolol (17.51%. Furthermore, we assessed the cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (breast, A549 (lung human tumor cell lines, and HaCaT (human keratinocytes non-tumor cell line through 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT test: promising results in terms of selectivity and efficacy against the MCF-7 cell line (IC50 of 5.59 ± 0.13 μg/mL at 48 h were obtained, mainly due to α-bisabolol. Furthermore, antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria were performed through High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC bioautographic assay and microdilution method: trans-nerolidol and β-cedren-9-one were the main molecules responsible for the low antibacterial effects against human pathogens. Nevertheless, interesting values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC were noticeable against phytopathogen strains. Radical scavenging activity performed by HPTLC bioautographic and spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH approaches were negligible. In conclusion, the essential oil revealed a good potential for plant defense and anti-cancer applications.

Amazônia socioambiental: sustentabilidade ecológica e diversidade social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deborah Lima

2005-08-01

Full Text Available ESTE ARTIGO baseia-se no emprego de um conceito central do discurso ambientalista - o de sustentabilidade ecológica - para construir um quadro analítico da diversidade socioambiental da Amazônia contemporânea. O exercício consiste em um ordenamento geral de categorias sociais segundo seu comportamento ambiental. Este é o ponto de partida para uma análise dos fundamentos históricos, econômicos e culturais da sustentabilidade ecológica atribuída a cada segmento social. A análise mostra a complexidade da interação entre múltiplos fatores que explicam o comportamento ecológico particular de cada um dos seguintes segmentos sociais considerados: a povos indígenas de comércio esporádico, b povos indígenas de comércio recorrente, c povos indígenas dependentes da produção mercantil, d pequenos produtores "tradicionais", e latifúndios "tradicionais", f latifúndios recentes, g migrantes/ fronteira, h grandes projetos e i exploradores itinerantes. Com este exercício, alguns estereótipos consagrados são contrariados, como aqueles que relacionam baixa sustentabilidade ecológica com pobreza, ou alta sustentabilidade ecológica com identidade indígena. Concluímos mostrando a importância de prosseguir com análises de amplo espectro para entender a diversidade socioambiental da Amazônia.WITH ONE of the central concepts of environmental discourse - that of ecological sustainability - we analyse the social diversity of contemporary Amazonia, presenting classification of Amazonian social segments according to the degree of environmental sustainability of their productive activities. With no intention of covering all of Amazonian social diversity, we identify nine of its main segments: Indians of sporadic commerce, Indians of recurrent commerce, Indians dependent on mercantile production, traditional peasants, traditional ranchers, recently established ranchers, frontier migrants, large scale entrepreneurial projects, and itinerant

Bajo el signo del miedo ecológico global: la imbricación de lo sagrado en la conciencia ecológica europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jose Manuel Echavarren

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La situación de crisis ecológica actual ha provocado un clima de miedo que afecta a amplios sectores de la sociedad. En el presente artículo se estudia cómo el miedo medioambiental influye en las actitudes y prácticas ecocéntricas por parte de la población europea, y cómo se imbrica a su vez con una interpretación sagrada del medio. La religión se puede considerar una respuesta cultural a miedos colectivos, y aquí se analiza cómo reacciona ante los nuevos miedos medioambientales del cambio de siglo. En particular interesa el caso de la ecorreligiosidad de nuevo cuño denominada por Giner y Tàbara Piedad Cósmica. Los datos se extraen de la encuesta ISSP Environment del año 2000, trabajando sobre una muestra de trece países europeos. Los resultados muestran que el miedo medioambiental es un activador de la conducta ecológica y que la Piedad Cósmica en particular destaca por su compromiso medioambiental.

Ambiente ecológico e mundo vivido: aproximações possíveis entre a fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty e a Filosofia Ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabrina Balthazar Ramos Ferreira

2017-05-01

Full Text Available O problema mente-corpo esteve na base das discussões filosóficas ao longo de grande parte da história do pensamento ocidental. Com relação à Filosofia da Mente, inúmeros foram os trabalhos que divergiram quanto à separação ou não entre a mente e o corpo, a constituição de ambos ou mesmo a existência do primeiro. Nesse trabalho, abordaremos a posição de Maurice Merleau-Ponty quanto ao dualismo em sua obra A Fenomenologia da Percepção, sua saída para superá-lo e a intrínseca relação do homem com o mundo. Quanto a este último aspecto, buscaremos estabelecer um diálogo com a ideia de ambiente ecológico, abordada pela Filosofia Ecológica, apontando os fatores em comum entre os dois pensamentos filosóficos.

Antifungal and antioxidant activities of mature leaves of Myrcia splendens (Sw. DC.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. C. Pontes

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract In recent years, natural products with antifungal and antioxidant activities are being increasingly researched for a more sustainable alternative to the chemicals currently used for the same purpose. The plant pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata is a causative agent of diseases in citrus, leading to huge economic losses. Antioxidants are important for the production of medicines for various diseases that may be related to the presence of free radicals, such as cancer, and in the cosmetic industry as an anti-aging agent and the food industry as preservatives. This study evaluated the antifungal and antioxidant potential of extracts of mature leaves of Myrcia splendens, a tree species that occurs in the Brazilian Cerrado. The antioxidant potential was analyzed by an assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging method, and the antifungal activity was assessed through the evaluation of mycelial growth. Majority of the extracts exhibited a strong antioxidant activity, especially the acetonic extract (4A. The antioxidant activity may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds. However, the extracts showed no inhibitory activity of mycelial growth of the fungus tested, with the exception of dichloromethanic extract (2B, which had an inhibitory effect (10.2% at the end of testing.

Implicancias ecológicas de la priorización económica en el paisaje cultural. Determinante de orden y sustentabilidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Subercaseaux-Ugarte

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La aproximación sistémica y la transdisciplinariedad son fundamentales para tratar la situación ecológica-territorial actual. El paisaje cultural corresponde a un objeto de estudio epistemológicamente adecuado ante la problemática de la sustentabilidad. La racionalidad económica prioriza la maximización del lucro económico frente al diseño del paisaje cultural (dimensión económica. Se definen 16 principios propios del determinante de orden económico, donde se identifican sus efectos en la estructura del paisaje y las consecuencias ecológicas. Sucede una disminución de la conectividad y de la diversidad ecológica del paisaje cultural, de su potencial de resiliencia y restauración, un desacoplamiento entre la autopoiesis y la adaptación, y así una disminución de su adaptabilidad ecológica. Esto finalmente genera una insustentabilidad de los servicios ecológicos vitales para nuestra sociedad.

Numerical investigation for one bad-behaved flow in a Pelton turbine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei, X Z; Yang, K; Wang, H J; Gong, R Z; Li, D Y

2015-01-01

The gas-liquid two-phase flow in pelton turbines is very complicated, there are many kinds of bad-behaved flow in pelton turbines. In this paper, CFD numerical simulation for the pelton turbine was conducted using VOF two-phase model. One kind of bad-behaved flow caused by the two jets was captured, and the bad-behaved flow was analysed by torque on buckets. It can be concluded that the angle between the two jets and the value of ratio of runner diameter and jet diameter are important parameters for the bad-behaved flow. Furthermore, the reason why the efficiency of some multi-jet type turbines is very low can be well explained by the analysis of bad-behaved flow. Finally, some suggestions for improvement were also provided in present paper

Numerical investigation for one bad-behaved flow in a Pelton turbine

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, X. Z.; Yang, K.; Wang, H. J.; Gong, R. Z.; Li, D. Y.

2015-01-01

The gas-liquid two-phase flow in pelton turbines is very complicated, there are many kinds of bad-behaved flow in pelton turbines. In this paper, CFD numerical simulation for the pelton turbine was conducted using VOF two-phase model. One kind of bad-behaved flow caused by the two jets was captured, and the bad-behaved flow was analysed by torque on buckets. It can be concluded that the angle between the two jets and the value of ratio of runner diameter and jet diameter are important parameters for the bad-behaved flow. Furthermore, the reason why the efficiency of some multi-jet type turbines is very low can be well explained by the analysis of bad-behaved flow. Finally, some suggestions for improvement were also provided in present paper.

Innovative Approaches by Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Library

OpenAIRE

Dumont, Richard; Dupuis, Marie-Helene; Focault, Luc; Hiller, Marc; Proulx, Madeline

2005-01-01

Librarians are better able to respond to the needs of their end users while supporting the goals of their institution. This is illustrated through five recent initiatives undertaken by the Library of Ecole Polytechnique in direct support of institutional research activities: Master’s and Ph. D. students develop information skills through the preparation of a portfolio on their research topic. This assignment forms part of an information literacy laboratory within a research methodology cour...

Tècniques de maneig de pomera (Malus domestica Borkhausen) en agricultura ecològica

OpenAIRE

Alins Valls, Georgina

2009-01-01

En la darrera dècada, la superfície en agricultura ecològica a Europa ha experimentat unfort augment, però la producció de fruita dolça encara no arriba a l'1% de la producció totaldegut a les dificultats tècniques que comporta. La producció de pomes en agricultura ecològica planteja tota una sèrie de reptes com l'elecció de la varietat, el control de plagues, malalties i flora arvense i l'aclarida, entre altres. El treball realitzat en aquesta tesi ha tingut com a objectiu incrementar el con...

Improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with local search strategy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maolong Xi

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization, which was motivated by analysis of particle swarm optimization and quantum system, has shown compared performance in finding the optimal solutions for many optimization problems to other evolutionary algorithms. To address the problem of premature, a local search strategy is proposed to improve the performance of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. In proposed local search strategy, a super particle is presented which is a collection body of randomly selected particles’ dimension information in the swarm. The selected probability of particles in swarm is different and determined by their fitness values. To minimization problems, the fitness value of one particle is smaller; the selected probability is more and will contribute more information in constructing the super particle. In addition, in order to investigate the influence on algorithm performance with different local search space, four methods of computing the local search radius are applied in local search strategy and propose four variants of local search quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. Empirical studies on a suite of well-known benchmark functions are undertaken in order to make an overall performance comparison among the proposed methods and other quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization. The simulation results show that the proposed quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization variants have better advantages over the original quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization.

Effect of food on immature development, consumption rate, and relative growth rate of Toxorhynchites splendens (Diptera: Culicidae, a predator of container breeding mosquitoes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D Dominic Amalraj

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Food utilization by the larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann was studied in the laboratory by offering larvae of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, Anopheles stephensi (Liston, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say. Quantitative analyses of data indicated that immature development was significantly faster with increase in food availability. The regression analysis showed that the degrees of the relationship between immature duration (Id and food availability were higher when offered early instars of prey (first and second instars than late instars. Consumption rate (Cr of the predator increased with increase in food availability and this relationship was highly significant when larvae of An. stephensi were offered as food. Consumption rate to food level decreased with increase in the age class of the prey. There was a significant negative correlation between Id and Cr. This aspect helps to increase population turnover of T. splendens in a shorter period when the prey is abundant. Conversely, the predator compensated the loss in daily food intake at low food level by extending Id thereby attains the minimum threshold pupal weight for adult emergence. There was an increase in the relative growth rate (RGR of the predator when An. stephensi was offered as prey and this was related to the high protein content of the prey per body weight. There was a positive correlation between Cr and RGR. This adaptive life characteristic strategy of this predator is useful for mass-rearing for large scale field release programmes in the control of container breeding mosquitoes is discussed.

Cuidado ecológico: o significado para profissionais de um hospital geral Cuidado ecológico: el significado para profesionales de un hospital general Ecological care: meaning for health care professionals from a general hospital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marli Terezinha Stein Backes

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Compreender à luz do pensamento complexo, o significado do cuidado ecológico e como este vem sendo associado à prática de profissionais que trabalham em um hospital geral. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa realizado com 15 profissionais que atuam em três diferentes setores: Serviço de Lavanderia, Serviço de Nutrição e uma Unidade de Internação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado e submetidos à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. RESULTADOS: As categorias encontradas foram: Significando o cuidado ecológico, Salientando a importância do cuidado ecológico para a prática profissional e Medidas preventivas em saúde associadas ao cuidado ecológico. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo evidenciou que existe uma preocupação geral, ainda que incipiente, a respeito da problemática ambiental. A preocupação principal está relacionada à separação, reciclagem e destino adequado do lixo, mesmo que alguns profissionais tenham sinalizado para a importância de medidas preventivas como a lavagem das mãos, utilização de produtos biodegradáveis, entre outros.OBJETIVO: Comprender a La luz del pensamiento complejo, el significado del cuidado ecológico y cómo éste viene siendo asociado a la práctica de profesionales que trabajan en un hospital general. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de naturaleza cualitativa realizado con 15 profesionales que actúan en tres diferentes sectores: Servicio de Lavandería, Servicio de Nutrición y una Unidad de Internamiento. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario semi-estructurado y sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. RESULTADOS: Las categorías encontradas fueron: Significando el cuidado ecológico, resaltando la importancia del cuidado ecológico para la práctica profesional y Medidas preventivas en salud asociadas al cuidado ecológico. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio evidenció que existe una preocupaci

Estudios ecológicos en salud ambiental: más allá de la epidemiología

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis C. Blanco-Becerra

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Los estudios ecológicos se caracterizan por tener como unidad de análisis a las poblaciones, y constituyen una fuente importante y frecuente de información comprobada en salud ambiental. En esta revisión se resumen los fundamentos de los estudios ecológicos, partiendo de la premisa de que es posible hacerlos con métodos cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos. Se presenta la lógica que subyace a su diseño, y su papel en la exploración de la causalidad, las variables y las categorías de análisis, los principales diseños y las técnicas de recolección de datos. Igualmente, se dan ejemplos de estudios ecológicos llevados a cabo en América Latina, y se discuten algunos de los problemas metodológicos frecuentes y las posibles vías para abordarlos. Por último, se resalta la relevancia de los estudios ecológicos cuantitativos y cualitativos en salud ambiental como una forma de superar el individualismo conceptual y metodológico hegemónico, que resulta insuficiente para el estudio de la salud en las poblaciones.

La huella ecológica del cultivo del olivo en España y su aplicabilidad como indicador de agricultura sostenible

OpenAIRE

López Bermúdez, Francisco; Alonso Sarriá, Francisco; Conesa García, Carmelo; Hernández Laguna, Enrique; Álvarez Rogel, Yolanda

2004-01-01

El cultivo del olivo ocupa vastas superficies en las tierras mediterráneas constituyendo parte esencial de su paisaje. Es el principal cultivo arbóreo mediterráneo y de España, con grandes repercusiones ecológicas, socio-económicas y culturales. Con el objetivo de determinar la sostenibilidad ecológica del cultivo, y el riesgo de desertificación, se aplica el cálculo del indicador de huella ecológica (HE), se lo compara con la biocapacidad (BP) del olivar en el campo español y ...

Quantum Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Artificial Fish Swarm

OpenAIRE

Yumin, Dong; Li, Zhao

2014-01-01

Quantum behaved particle swarm algorithm is a new intelligent optimization algorithm; the algorithm has less parameters and is easily implemented. In view of the existing quantum behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm for the premature convergence problem, put forward a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm based on artificial fish swarm. The new algorithm based on quantum behaved particle swarm algorithm, introducing the swarm and following activities, meanwhile using the a...

Efectos ecológicos del fenómeno ENOS en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yesid Carvajal

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno ENOS, tiene un sustancial efecto sobre las variaciones del clima a nivel mundial; por lo tanto, no sorprende que sus efectos tengan un impacto ecológico y socioeconómico fuerte, alterando la seguridad alimentaria de los países a nivel mundial. Ante este panorama, es comprensible que haya despertado el mayor interés mundial, no sólo en los especialistas en meteorología y oceanografía sino también entre biólogos, ecólogos, físicos, matemáticos, agrónomos, hidrólogos, economistas, sociólogos y planificadores, entre otros. En el presente documento, se muestra algunos de los principales efectos ecológicos en Colombia durante las fases extremas cálida (El Niño y fría (La Niña, indicando que es una necesidad urgente, orientar la investigación en sus causas, consecuencias e impactos.

Riesgo ecológico del sulfato de bario

OpenAIRE

Paredes Espinal, Christian Edgardo

2016-01-01

Se desconoce el efecto del sulfato de bario en los ecosistemas acuáticos donde se realizan actividades hidrocarburíferas y que vienen incrementándose a nivel nacional. Por tal motivo, se evaluó el riesgo ecológico del sulfato de bario empleando la respuesta ecotoxicológica de doce organismos no destinatarios a fin de conocer los posibles efectos que este compuesto pudiera estar ocasionando a los organismos relacionados a los ecosistemas marinos y epicontinentales donde se desarrollan activida...

Avaliação do impacto na infestação por Aedes aegypti em tanques de cimento do município de Canindé, Ceará, Brasil, após a utilização do peixe Betta splendens como alternativa de controle biológico Evaluation of the impact on Aedes aegypti infestation in cement tanks of the municipal district of Canindé, Ceará, Brazil after using the Betta splendens fish as an alternative biological control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciano de Góes Cavalcanti Pamplona

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Canindé apresenta uma população de 71.235 habitantes. Em abril de 2001 iniciou a utilização de peixes larvófagos em tanques de cimento, localizados ao nível do solo, como forma de controle biológico para larvas de Aedes aegypti. Durante a visita do agente, ao invés de se tratar os tanques com larvicida, colocou-se um espécime do peixe Betta splendens por depósito. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os resultados desta intervenção. Com os levantamentos do número de imóveis e depósitos existentes, estimou-se este número mês a mês determinando então o número de depósitos existentes por imóvel. Com esta estimativa e o número de imóveis visitados mensalmente analisou-se a infestação deste tipo de depósito. Em janeiro de 2001, 70,4% dos tanques examinados apresentavam larvas; e apenas 7,4% em janeiro de 2002. Em dezembro de 2002 este índice caiu para 0,2%. Demonstrou-se com clareza a capacidade do Betta splendens como agente de controle biológico, em tanques de cimento, reduzindo 320 vezes a infestação deste tipo de recipiente de grande volume.Canindé has a population of 71,235 inhabitants. In April 2001, the city started using larvivorous fish in cement water tanks, as a means of biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae. During house-to-house visits by health agents, instead of treating the water tank with larvicide, a Betta splendens fish was introduced into each tank. The number of houses and the number of tanks was estimated by monthly surveys. Then, the number of tanks per house was determined. Taking into account this estimated number and the number of houses visited, the infestation level for each kind of deposit was analyzed. In January 2001, 70.4% of the water tanks presented mosquitoes. Following the intervention, in January 2002 only 7.4% were positive and by December 2002 the rate had dropped to 0.2%. The efficacy of Betta splendens as a biological control agent in cement water tanks was

Conciencia social y ecológica en el consumo

OpenAIRE

José Raúl Luyando Cuevas

2016-01-01

La presente investigación se propone utilizar una concepción diferente del consumo que ayude a amalgamar la principal corriente teórica con el paradigma de la sustentabilidad. A este nuevo enfoque lo denominamos consumo con conciencia social y ecológica. La pretensión es que se pueda utilizar para transitar hacia una producción más sosteni- ble en el corto plazo.

IsoBank workshop held at IsoEcol10 - University of Tokyo 2016

OpenAIRE

Hayden, Brian

2016-01-01

IsoBank is a repository for stable isotope values and relevant metadata. These slides were presented at a workshop held during IsoEcol10 to refine and design the IsoBank for the needs of a diverse group of researchers.

Proyecto de una planta industrial de ladrillos ecológicos del tipo suelo-cemento en Arequipa

OpenAIRE

Murillo Salas, Erick Manuel; Murillo Salas, Erick Manuel

2015-01-01

En este trabajo se desarrolló el proyecto de una planta de ladrillos ecológicos en la ciudad de Arequipa. Se fabricó un tipo de ladrillo compuesto de arena-arcilla y reforzado con cemento y se le sometió a tres (3) ensayos de laboratorio para comprobar su resistencia y durabilidad. Actualmente en el Perú no existe ninguna planta para la producción de un ladrillo ecológico por medios industriales. En la ciudad de Arequipa, la gran mayoría de las ladrilleras son artesanales e informales, alg...

La cubierta ecológica como material de construcción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neila, Javier

2000-06-01

Full Text Available The ecological roof is one with a cover of vegetation with a thin substratum and a layer of low level plants. This type of roof has many advantages including architectural, construction, environmental and aesthetic ad vantages. In order to determine the thermal behaviour of models with ecological roofs, simulations were performed on these and other types of construction in the two areas involved in the study: Maracaibo and Madrid. Five different roofs were created for the study, analysed in four ways: 1 with the building windows closed throughout the whole 24 hours, 2 with the windows closed during the day and open at night; 3 open 24 hours; 4 open during the day and closed at night. The simulation tool used in the study was the "Method of Interior Temperature Evolution Calculation" developed by Javier Neila. The results obtained show that the ecological roof reduces the heat transference in hot seasons, acting as exterior insulation, and preventing heat loss by radiation into space in winter.La cubierta ecológica es un tipo de cubierta vegetal con un substrato de poco espesor y una capa vegetal con plantas de bajo porte. Las ventajas de este tipo de cubierta, abarcan aspectos arquitectónicos, constructivos, medioambientales y estéticos. Para realizar estudios a través de modelos de ordenador con cubiertas ecológicas, primero se determinó el valor de conductividad térmica equivalente del substrato y capa vegetal, utilizando las ecuaciones de balance térmico, lo cual fue comprobado con un ensayo de laboratorio y, con estos resultados, se realizaron simulaciones térmicas en los espacios con cubiertas ecológicas comparándolos con sistemas constructivos de cubiertas utilizados en las dos zonas de estudio: Maracaibo y Madrid. Para el estudio se establecieron cinco alternativas de cubiertas, analizándose de cuatro maneras diferentes: 1 cerrada durante las 24 horas. 2 cerrada durante el día y abierta en la noche ; 3 abierta las 24 horas

Aportaciones de las percepciones socio-ecológicas a la Educación Ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María del Socorro Aguilar Cucurachi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En el actual contexto de crisis socio-ecológica surge la necesidad de analizar cómo los grupos humanos le damos significado a la naturaleza, siendo éste el principal objetivo en el estudio de las percepciones. Por su parte, la Educación Ambiental emerge para hacer frente a la crisis actual, al promover actitudes y valores para mitigar sus consecuencias y buscar soluciones. Ante este propósito, estudiar las percepciones constituye un proceso pertinente para comprender las realidades afectadas, así como para construir y evaluar procesos educativos. Argumentamos que el estudio de las percepciones debe ser enmarcado dentro de un esquema interdisciplinario. El presente estudio apunta a tres formas en las que las percepciones contribuyen a la Educación Ambiental: 1 La Educación Ambiental como objeto perceptual y de análisis; 2 La Educación Ambiental, que desde su noción transformadora puede incidir como factor de influencia sobre las percepciones socio-ecológicas, y 3 Las percepciones como una herramienta pedagógica. Valorar las aportaciones del estudio de las percepciones al campo de la Educación Ambiental posibilita la construcción de procesos educativos significativos desde y para las diferentes realidades socio-ecológicas.

Conciencia social y ecológica en el consumo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Raúl Luyando Cuevas

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se propone utilizar una concepción diferente del consumo que ayude a amalgamar la principal corriente teórica con el paradigma de la sustentabilidad. A este nuevo enfoque lo denominamos consumo con conciencia social y ecológica. La pretensión es que se pueda utilizar para transitar hacia una producción más sosteni- ble en el corto plazo.

Gestión integral del agua desde un enfoque social hacia una economía ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de los Ángeles Gil Antonio

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El modelo de economía ecológica es un sistema abierto que distingue las interrelaciones entre el sistema económico y el ecológico. En ese sentido, es integral, pues considera aspectos moneta - rios, sociales y ambientales. En lo que respecta al estudio de la disminución en la disponibilidad de agua, este modelo presenta una alternativa, pues daría cuenta de aquellos aspectos relaciona - dos con la gestión integral del agua que apunta a la participación de la sociedad como una opción alterna. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relación entre la economía ecológica y la gestión integral del agua, tomando en consideración que para ambas el aspecto social es significativo.

Desastre ecológico y ambiental en Huancavelica

OpenAIRE

Pinto Herrera, Honorio

2014-01-01

El trabajo trata de confirmar, una vez más, que la actividad minera en el Perú afecta los sistemas ecológicos y el medio ambiente. Esto es posible debido al poder de las empresas y a la debilidad y complicidad del Estado. En este sentido, uno de los objetivos de esta investigación es contribuir al conocimiento de un problema nacional, que es la contaminación ambiental a partir de un caso concreto: el derrame de relaves en la mina Caudalosa Chica. Los temas centrales desarrollados abarcan l...

Biosynthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of Berberis tinctoria-fabricated silver nanoparticles against the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, and the mosquito predators Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Palanisamy Mahesh; Murugan, Kadarkarai; Madhiyazhagan, Pari; Kovendan, Kalimuthu; Amerasan, Duraisamy; Chandramohan, Balamurugan; Dinesh, Devakumar; Suresh, Udaiyan; Nicoletti, Marcello; Alsalhi, Mohamad Saleh; Devanesan, Sandhanasamy; Wei, Hui; Kalimuthu, Kandasamy; Hwang, Jiang-Shiou; Lo Iacono, Annalisa; Benelli, Giovanni

2016-02-01

Aedes albopictus is an important arbovirus vector, including dengue. Currently, there is no specific treatment for dengue. Its prevention solely depends on effective vector control measures. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using a cheap leaf extract of Berberis tinctoria as reducing and stabilizing agent and tested against Ae. albopictus and two mosquito natural enemies. AgNPs were characterized by using UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. In laboratory conditions, the toxicity of AgNPs was evaluated on larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus. Suitability Index/Predator Safety Factor was assessed on Toxorhynchites splendens and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. The leaf extract of B. tinctoria was toxic against larval instars (I–IV) and pupae of Ae. albopictus; LC50 was 182.72 ppm (I instar), 230.99 ppm (II), 269.65 ppm (III), 321.75 ppm (IV), and 359.71 ppm (pupa). B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs were highly effective, with LC50 of 4.97 ppm (I instar), 5.97 ppm (II), 7.60 ppm (III), 9.65 ppm (IV), and 14.87 ppm (pupa). Both the leaf extract and AgNPs showed reduced toxicity against the mosquito natural enemies M. thermocyclopoides and T. splendens. Overall, this study firstly shed light on effectiveness of B. tinctoria-synthesized AgNPs as an eco-friendly nanopesticide, highlighting the concrete possibility to employ this newer and safer tool in arbovirus vector control programs.

A sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo em Minas Gerais: uma aplicação do método da pegada ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Henrique Godoi Gonzalez

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Embora sejam intensas as preocupações com o desenvolvimento sustentável, escassas são as tentativas de se mensurá-lo entre as unidades subnacionais no Brasil. Com o intuito de contribuir para o preenchimento dessa lacuna, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo da população do Estado de Minas Gerais no ano de 2008 por meio do cálculo de sua pegada ecológica. A análise se baseia nas contribuições mais recentes para tal metodologia, buscando comparar o impacto local e a disponibilidade global de recursos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de estar dentro da própria capacidade de suporte do Estado, em termos per capita, a demanda absoluta por capital natural gera uma pressão excessiva quando comparada à disponibilidade mundial de capital natural, uma vez que, caso a população de todo o mundo mantivesse o mesmo padrão de consumo dos mineiros, seriam necessários 2,64 planetas Terra para sustentá-la.

O psicólogo ecológico no contexto institucional: uma experiência com meninas vítimas de violência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarissa De Antoni

Full Text Available Este ensaio consiste em um relato da experiência de trabalho de um psicólogo ecológico em uma instituição para meninas vítimas de violência, embasada no Modelo Ecológico de Desenvolvimento Humano. É discutida a integração da prática com a teoria, envolvendo desde aspectos relacionados ao cotidiano da instituição e da história de vida das meninas, até a influência cultural e social dos sistemas ecológicos. Os resultados mostraram que a integração destes aspectos levaram à melhoria da qualidade do trabalho dos profissionais e da vida das meninas atendidas.

Análisis de la racionalidad ecológica en agricultores hortícolas de La Plata, Argentina.

OpenAIRE

Gargoloff, Natalia Agustina; Abbona, Esteban Andres; Sarandón, Santiago Javier

2010-01-01

La existencia de una racionalidad ecológica implícita en el manejo de los recursos naturales em agricultores tradicionales, ha permitido la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. Comprender la racionalidad ecológica en agricultores con características diferentes a la agricultura tradicional, podría contribuir a avanzar hacia una agricultura sustentable. Sin embargo, esto no es sencillo debido a la propia complejidad del término y la ausencia de una metodología que permita abordarla. En este ...

Efectos distributivos de los tributos ecológicos. Apuntes metodológicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomás J. López-Guzmán Guzmán

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta metodológica para realizar un correcto diseño de un tributo ecológico que evite que determinados grupos sean los más perjudicados con la introducción de una ecotasa. Las pautas metodológicas se centran en el análisis de la estructura básica de un tributo ambiental, la determinación de los grupos de referencia y el análisis de los efectos distributivos. El principal resultado es que la introducción de los tributos ambientales debe tener en cuenta el probable impacto negativo en determinados grupos, sobre todo cuando se grave la energía eléctrica. Por tanto, sería necesario que previo a la introducción de los tributos ecológicos se elaborasen estudios necesarios para evitar su impacto negativo o, en su caso, se abordasen en la misma regulación políticas de compensación y mitigación.

Promoting Students' Emotions and Achievement--Instructional Design and Evaluation of the ECOLE-Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Glaser-Zikuda, Michaela; Fuss, Stefan; Laukenmann, Matthias; Metz, Kerstin; Randler, Christoph

2005-01-01

Emotions such as interest and anxiety are part of the learning process as well as cognition and motivation. In view of this, educational science should take emotional aspects of instruction into account. The "ECOLE"-approach ("Emotional and Cognitive Aspects of Learning") presented in this paper is a theoretically guided…

Modelo decisional proactivo en sistemas ecológicos (modepec.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Tolón Estarelles

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas económicos y sociales son de tipo ecológico, y se pueden enmarcar en modelos de sistemas complejos de tipo DYSES (Dynamic Social and Economic Systems. No son  explicables o predecibles satisfactoriamente  con modelos determinísticos, pues, en general obedecen a procesos evolutivos de carácter estocástico, respondiendo en su interacción con el medio al segundo principio de la termodinámica en el sentido de la irreversibilidad (falta de simetría temporal y aumento de la entropía. MODEPEC © es un modelo que postula una metodología que asegura  un proceso  de formulación de criterios  para mejorar continuamente la calidad en la toma  de decisiones en sistemas ecológico-social-económicos. Los conceptos esenciales del modelo se enuncian seguidamente: 1-. Existencia de una Ecuación de Estado (EE Un sistema ecológico tiene un  comportamiento dinámico posible de ser representado mediante una ecuación de estado en cualquier intervalo de tiempo dado. 2-. Estimación de una política óptima (PO Es posible estimar  un conjunto óptimo de decisiones (política óptima. 3-. Contrato sobre estado deseable  (CED En la comunidad  social y económica de tipo ecológico, es posible acordar un diseño de estado ideal deseable, constituido a partir de un contrato sustentable a largo plazo entre las partes. 4-. Genotipo Decisional Planificado (GDP Es posible establecer un proceso racional de toma de decisiones, en este caso, el Genotipo Decisional Planificado  (GDP; capaz de asegurar niveles crecientes de calidad en la determinación de criterios para evaluación y adopción de cursos de acción en pos del logro de un estado deseado (ED tomado como propósito o contrato. The economic and social systems are of ecological type, and they are possible to be framed in models of complex systems of type SDES (Social Dynamic and Economic Systems. They are not explicable or predictable satisfactorily with deterministic models, then

Concurrent reflectance imaging and microdialysis in the freely behaving cat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poe, G R; Nitz, D A; Rector, D M

1996-01-01

We present a method to perform simultaneous microdialysis with light reflectance imaging of neural activity in a discrete brain region of the freely behaving animal. We applied this method to the dorsal hippocampus of freely behaving cats to (1) measure extracellular glutamate and reflectance...... imaged neural activity. Sequential images showed that cocaine perfusion elicited a propagating reflectance change as cocaine reached the tissue. Microperfusion of hypo-osmotic solution ( - 100 mOsm), which increases cell volume, decreased reflectance. Microperfusion of hyperosmotic sucrose solutions...

Metabolismo urbano y apropiación de excedentes ecológicos. De la estepa a la arquitectura burguesa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Inostroza Pino

2014-05-01

Esta relación entre sociedad y naturaleza, dejó profundas huellas de organización y complejidad en Punta Arenas, conectada metabólicamente con las formas de explotación territorial y apropiación de la estepa. El coirón patagónico y la arquitectura burguesa, principio y fin de la misma cadena productiva, corresponden a las fases inicial y terminal de un proceso de apropiación social de los excedentes ecológicos. Como flujo metabólico, el excedente es ecológico en su origen y social en su evolución.

Responsiveness in Behaving Monkeys and Human Subjects

Science.gov (United States)

1993-07-31

Status of Current Research - Statement of Work Each study involving awake , behaving monkey neurophysiological recording used a behavioral paradigm that...anesthesia. A craniotomy was performed at approximately A+ 14.5mm. The recording chamber then was fixed to the skull at a lateral angle of 8’ from

Estudio de Impacto Ambiental de una Granja de Gallinas Ponedoras en Producción Ecológica en el término municipal de Iznalloz, Granada

OpenAIRE

MARTÍNEZ AYALA, ANTONIO JOSÉ

2012-01-01

El proyecto consiste en la construcción de una granja de huevos ecológicos en la comarca de Los Montes situada en la zona norte de la provincia de Granada, con los siguientes fines: -¿Producción de huevos ecológicos cubriendo así, la creciente demanda de la sociedad, cada vez más comprometida con el consumo responsable. -Fomentar la producción de huevos ecológicos respecto a la producción convencional. -¿Favorecer el desarrollo sostenible y el desarrollo local con sist...

Estufas ecológicas ahorradoras de leña

OpenAIRE

Franco, Abelardo

2012-01-01

Unos de los proyectos emblemáticos que desarrolla la Sede Regional de Bocas del Toro, es el de la “Estufa Ecológica Ahorrativa de Leña”. Basada en el modelo Eco-Justa construido en Honduras, es la única estufa de este prototipo construida con ladrillos de arcilla y chimenea en la región. Este Proyecto lo desarrolla la Sede Regional de Bocas del Toro, a través del Ing. Abelardo Franco, docente en el área Ambiental, conjuntamente con la Cooperativa Bananera del Atlántico (COOBANA, R.L.) y el av...

Redescubriendo El suelo: Su importancia ecológica y agrícola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noé Manuel Montaño

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Redescubriendo el suelo: su importancia ecológica y agrícola es un libro muy completo, actualizado y sin duda será de consulta obligada para quienes hacen investigación edafológica y como material elemental para los cursos de pre- y posgrado de suelo y materias afines, tanto en México como en América Latina.

Age differences in how consumers behave following exposure to DTC advertising.

Science.gov (United States)

DeLorme, Denise E; Huh, Jisu; Reid, Leonard N

2006-01-01

This study was conducted to provide additional evidence on how consumers behave following direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising exposure and to determine if there are differences in ad-prompted acts (drug inquiry and drug requests) between different age groups (i.e., older, mature, and younger adults). The results suggest that younger, mature, and older consumers are all moved to act by DTC drug ads, but that each age group behaves in different ways. Somewhat surprisingly, age was not predictive of ad-prompted behavior. DTC advertising was no more effective at moving older consumers to behave than their younger counterparts. These results suggest that age does not matter that much when it comes to the "moving power" of prescription drug advertising, even though research indicates that older consumers are more vulnerable to the persuasive effects of communication.

A Novel Distributed Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yangyang Li

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO is an improved version of particle swarm optimization (PSO and has shown superior performance on many optimization problems. But for now, it may not always satisfy the situations. Nowadays, problems become larger and more complex, and most serial optimization algorithms cannot deal with the problem or need plenty of computing cost. Fortunately, as an effective model in dealing with problems with big data which need huge computation, MapReduce has been widely used in many areas. In this paper, we implement QPSO on MapReduce model and propose MapReduce quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (MRQPSO which achieves parallel and distributed QPSO. Comparisons are made between MRQPSO and QPSO on some test problems and nonlinear equation systems. The results show that MRQPSO could complete computing task with less time. Meanwhile, from the view of optimization performance, MRQPSO outperforms QPSO in many cases.

Ciudadanía ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dobson, Andrew

2005-06-01

de los otros dos tipos de ciudadanía. Este artículo explora el modo en que la ciudadanía ecológica completa la arquitectura general de la ciudadanía, antes de perfilar la importancia de la ciudadanía ecológica para el objetivo de lograr el desarrollo sostenible.

O apelo ecológico na propaganda como fator de influência na atitude de compra do consumidor: um estudo experimental

OpenAIRE

Santos, João Maurício

2010-01-01

Este estudo examinou o apelo ecológico utilizado na propaganda como influenciador na atitude de compra do consumidor, tendo em vista que nas duas últimas décadas houve um crescimento nos anúncios que utilizam este tipo de apelo, demonstrando que, pelo surgimento de um novo nicho de mercado, empresas têm se valido do marketing verde e da influência normativa na sua estratégia de marketing. Buscou-se investigar se efetivamente o uso do apelo ecológico na propaganda influencia pos...

Reflexões sobre o paradigma da economia ecológica para a gestão ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Fuks

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo ressalta a ausência de conhecimento sobre a economia ecológica por parte do crescente número de profissionais formados em Gestão Ambiental. O autor realiza uma síntese dos princípios e fundamentos da economia ecológica, especialmente por meio das ideias de dois dos seus principais pensadores (Georgescu-Röegen e Boulding e indica porque conhecer as ideias principais dessa escola de pensamento é fundamental para profissionais de Gestão Ambiental. Argumenta-se que esses profissionais não podem prescindir da economia ecológica, sob pena de caírem na ilusão do mito da hipótese win-win e terem uma visão incompleta das dificuldades de estabelecermos uma sociedade sustentável.his study draws attention to lack of knowledge regarding Ecological Economics amongst the growing number of professionals graduating in the field of Environmental Management. The author offers a synthesis of the main principles of Ecological Economics, with particular focus on two of its main thinkers (N. Georgescu-Röegen e K. E. Boulding and indicates why such knowledge is of fundamental importance for Environmental Management. The paper argues that environmental managers cannot ignore Ecological Economics; else they may fall prey to the myth of the win-win hypothesis and thus have an incomplete perception of the difficulties involved in establishing a sustainable society.

Anticipating and Resisting the Temptation to Behave Unethically.

Science.gov (United States)

Sheldon, Oliver J; Fishbach, Ayelet

2015-07-01

Ethical dilemmas pose a self-control conflict between pursuing immediate benefits through behaving dishonestly and pursuing long-term benefits through acts of honesty. Therefore, factors that facilitate self-control for other types of goals (e.g., health and financial) should also promote ethical behavior. Across four studies, we find support for this possibility. Specifically, we find that only under conditions that facilitate conflict identification--including the consideration of several decisions simultaneously (i.e., a broad decision frame) and perceived high connectedness to the future self--does anticipating a temptation to behave dishonestly in advance promote honesty. We demonstrate these interaction patterns between conflict identification and temptation anticipation in negotiation situations (Study 1), lab tasks (Study 2), and ethical dilemmas in the workplace (Studies 3-4). We conclude that identifying a self-control conflict and anticipating a temptation are two necessary preconditions for ethical decision making. © 2015 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Espécies de Melastomataceae Juss. com potencial para restauração ecológica de mata ripária no cerrado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lidiamar Albuquerque

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Melastomataceae Juss. é a sexta família em importância no bioma Cerrado, sendo comuns em vegetação secundária. As espé-cies desta família apresentam estratégias de vida e adaptações como grande produção de sementes, dispersão efi ciente de propágulos, altas taxas de germinação e crescimento rápido que podem propiciar a ativação dos processos ecológicos envolvidos na rege-neração natural de habitats perturbados. O objetivo foi caracterizar as espécies de Melastomataceae em vegetação secundária e avaliar seu potencial para uso na restauração ecológica de áreas degradadas de matas ripárias. Este estudo foi realizado na área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, à margem direita do córrego Sarandi, Distrito Federal, Brasil, em uma área de um hectare, onde foram instadas parcelas e transectos para avaliação dos parâmetros: caracterís-ticas botânicas, ecológicas e reprodutivas, síndromes de polinização e de dispersão de sementes, reprodução vegetativa, riqueza de espécies, abundância, cobertura, fenofases de floração e frutificação. A partir da análise destes parâmetros definiuse os critérios para avaliar o potencial de uso das espécies na restauração ecológica. Entre as 14 espécies da família de Melastomataceae registradas,Miconia chamissoisNaud. (35.42% e 42.53%,Ossaea congestiflora(Naud. Cong. (23.6% e 13.29%,Macairea radulaDC (19.66% e 17.22% eTococa formicariaMart. (6.78% e 3.87% apresentaram maior abundância e cobertura, respectivamente. As espécies estudadas apresentaram, em sua maioria, grande oferta de recursos ali-mentares ao longo do ano, que, associadas a outras características permitiram identifi car o potencial de restaurabilidade de cada espécie avaliada. O potencial para uso na res-tauração ecológica foi alto para as espécies:Miconia chamissois,Miconia ibaguensis,Miconia albicans,Miconia theaezanse Tococa formicaria. Estas espécies podem atuar como nucleadoras

ALUMNO: VARGAS DIEGO, Estimación de la huella ecológica del minifundio en la vereda Pasquilla, Bogotá, Colombia

OpenAIRE

VALERO VARGAS, RAFAEL ERNESTO; BELTRÁN VARGAS, JULIO EDUARDO

2016-01-01

En la actualidad el país no cuenta con un instrumento de gestión ambiental que permita estimar la huella ecológica provocada por las actividades agropecuarias de los minifundios, lo que restringe la formulación de políticas públicas locales de desarrollo agropecuario. En 2014, se midió la huella ecológica de 27 minifundios en la vereda Pasquilla de Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia. La información provino de los productores y fue complementada con revisiones secundarias de las pub...

A Percepção dos Consumidores Quanto às Características Ecológicas: Análise de Viabilidade Baseada no Modelo Bertolini para Água Mineral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Adriana Gafuri

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A conscientização quanto às questões ambientais tem influenciado a decisão de compra e os padrões de consumo que podem indicar a disposição em adquirir um produto com características ecológicas. Este estudo de caso pretende averiguar se investimentos em características ecológicas seriam capazes de trazer retornos financeiros positivos para uma indústria de água mineral de 510 ml. Para tal verificação as análises são feitas com base no modelo proposto por Bertolini (2009, que consistiu em identificar as características ecológicas mais percebidas pelos consumidores, avaliar a disponibilidade em adquirir o produto com tais características, analisar a viabilidade econômica do projeto, além de realizar cruzamentos entre as variáveis. Apurou-se que o fator preço ainda se sobrepõe à conscientização ecológica, e que o consumidor está disposto a pagar o mesmo preço tanto para produto ecológico, quanto para produto convencional. Mesmo diante dessas condições, pode-se dizer que a utilização da ferramenta de análise foi capaz de apontar viabilidade para investimentos em características ecológicas para o produto água mineral de 510 ml.

Dimensiones ecológicas de la familia: La situación social de los niños

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Réjean Tessier

1994-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo trata de la situación social de las familias y los niños. El autor usa el paradigma ecológico que intenta comprender el comportamiento como la resultante de un intercambio mutuo y recíproco entre el organismo y el medio. Partiendo de datos estadísticos de la OMS y UNICEF trata de demostrar las consecuencias posibles de ciertas situaciones sociales y del contexto demográfico sobre las oportunidades de desarrollo de los niños. Se destaca la importancia de los diferentes niveles de las dimensiones ecológicas de la familia y se alerta sobre los efectos nocivos que tienen en los niños la pobreza extrema y las condiciones familiares de gran adversidad.

Sustentabilidade Ecológica do Espeleoturismo na Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heros Santos Lobo

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da estrutura e produção do espeleoturismo na Serra da Bodoquena, sob o enfoque do ideário de ecoturismo e da sustentabilidade ecológica. A metodologia de pesquisa incluiu levantamentos documentais e de campo em cavidades naturais turísticas. As discussões apresentam aspectos técnico-metodológicos como caminhos viáveis para um espeleoturismo com princípios ecológicos e conservacionistas. Conclui-se que o espeleoturismo pode se firmar não somente como um segmento, mas também como uma nova forma de se fazer o turismo na Serra da Bodoquena. Para tanto, deve identificar novas possibilidades de procedimentos de gestão e manejo ambiental que possam ir além dos paradigmas e modelos vigentes. Palavras-chave: ecoturismo; espeleoturismo; gestão ambiental; Bonito-MS. Abstract This article presents the results of an analysis of the structure and production of speleotourism at Serra da Bodoquena, based on the precepts of ecotourism and ecological sustainability. The methodology included a survey of documents and fieldwork in natural cavities exploited for tourism. The discussion presents a technical-methodological approach for a speleotourism based on ecology and conservation. The study concludes that speleotourism can be established, not only as a specific market segment, but also as a new kind of tourism in the Serra da Bodoquena. Hence new opportunities for environmental management and control of impacts that may exist beyond the paradigms and current models should be identified. Keywords: ecotourism; speleotourism; environmental management; Bonito-MS. Resumen El presente artículo muestra un análisis de la estructura y producción del espeleoturismo en la Serra da Bodoquena, desde el enfoque de la ideología de ecoturismo y de la sostenibilidad ecológica. La metodología de investigación incluyó investigación documental y de campo en cuevas naturales turísticas. Las

Bioma cerrado, fragmentação florestal e relações ecológicas com a avifauna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Senna Corrêa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O Bioma Cerrado ocupa grande parte do Brasil central. Destaca-se por apresentar formações savânicas e grande diversidade de aves. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo levantar informações teóricas sobre alguns aspectos ecológicos envolvendo a fragmentação no Bioma Cerrado associada à distribuição de aves. O processo de fragmentação observado nas formações florestais do Cerrado gerou uma série de distúrbios que afetou a distribuição, estabelecimento e comportamento das aves silvestres. A fragmentação influencia diretamente na distribuição dos diversos grupos de aves. Os grupos generalistas, conseguem se deslocar pela matriz antropizada. Já os grupos dependentes de ambientes florestais, dependem de atributos mais complexos de recursos alimentares e condições especiais, para que seu deslocamento seja viabilizado. Por outro lado, a configuração da paisagem, sua estrutura espacial e os graus de conectividade, podem servir como estratégias para propiciar o deslocamento de alguns grupos, dispersores de sementes. Observa-se dessa forma a importância e relevância da presença de corredores ecológicos na conexão de fragmentos, como estratégias essenciais para manutenção do fluxo gênico, da dinâmica ecológica e da manutenção de remanescentes florestais.

Evaluation of temporal, seasonal and geographic stability of the molluscicidal property of Euphorbia splendens latex Avaliação da estabilidade temporal, estacional e geográfica da ação moluscicida do latex da Euphorbia splendens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginia Torres Schall

1992-06-01

Full Text Available Laboratory tests with aqueous solutions of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex have demonstrated seasonal stability of the molluscicidal principle, with LD90 values of 1.14 ppm (spring, 1.02 ppm (fall, 1.09 ppm (winter, and 1.07 ppm (summer that have been determined against Biomphalaria tenagophila in the field. Assays on latex collected in Belo Horizonte and Recife yielded LD90 values similar to those obtained with the reference substance collected in Rio de Janeiro (Ilha do Governador, demonstrating geographic stability of the molluscicidal effect. The molluscicidal action of aqueous dilutions of the latex in natura, centrifuged (precipitate and lyophilized, was stable for up to 124 days at room temperature (in natura and for up to 736 days in a common refrigerator at 10 to 12ºC (lyophilized product. A 5.0 ppm solution is 100% lethal for snails up to 13 days after preparation, the effect being gradually lost to almost total inactivity by the 30th day. This observation indicated that the active principle is instable. These properties together with the wide distribution of the plant, its resistance and adaptation to the tropical climate, its easy cultivation and the easy obtention of latex and preparation of the molluscicidal solution, make this a promising material for large-scale use in the control of schistosomiasisTestes de laboratório com soluções aquosas do látex da Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii demonstraram uma estabilidade estacional da atividade moluscicida do produto coletado na Ilha do Governador - RJ, encontrando-se as seguintes DL90: 1,14 ppm (primavera; 1,02 ppm (outono; 1,09 ppm (inverno e 1,07 ppm (verão sobre Biomphalaria tenagophila de campo. Ensaios com o látex da planta coletado em Belo Horizonte e Recife, identificaram DL90 semelhantes aos da substância de referência coletada no Rio, demonstrando uma estabilidade geográfica do efeito moluscicida. Usando diluições aquosas do latex in natura, centrifugado

Worker laying in the absence of an ergatoid queen in the ponerine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1987-06-12

Jun 12, 1987 ... berthoudi - an alternative fonn of eusocial organization. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18: 28-37. WINTER, U. & BUSCHINGER, A. 1986. Genetically mediated queen polymorphism and caste determination in the slave-making ant, Harpagoxenus sublaevis. (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae). Entomol. Gener. 11:.

Estratégia de coalimentação na sobrevivência e no crescimento de larvas de Betta splendens durante a transição alimentar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.J. Fosse

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Conduziu-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do período de coalimentação na sobrevivência e no crescimento de larvas de Betta splendens. As larvas foram alimentadas com náuplios de Artemia durante sete dias e, posteriormente, submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: jejum contínuo; ração contínua; quatro dias de coalimentação + 14 dias de ração; oito dias de coalimentação + 10 dias de ração; 12 dias de coalimentação + seis dias de ração; náuplios de Artemia durante todo o período experimental. Os valores das variáveis de desempenho das larvas do tratamento 12 dias de coalimentação + seis dias de ração e do tratamento náuplios de Artemia foram superiores aos demais tratamentos, exceto para sobrevivência, em que não houve diferença significativa com o tratamento oito dias de coalimentação + 10 dias de ração. Considerando-se apenas o tempo de oferta de Artemia (em dias, obteve-se a equação de regressão para as variáveis analisadas. A sobrevivência e a taxa de crescimento específico (TCE apresentaram efeito quadrático, e as demais variáveis apresentaram efeito linear. O ponto de máxima para sobrevivência foi de 21,7 dias (88,92% e para TCE foi de 26,2 dias (23,47% dia-1. O período de co-feeding influencia no crescimento e na sobrevivência de larvas de Betta splendens. Após o período de 19 dias de oferta de alimento vivo, com 12 dias de coalimentação, as larvas estão aptas a aproveitar de maneira eficiente o alimento inerte sem prejuízos ao crescimento e à sobrevivência.

From "Ecoles Superieures de Commerce" to "Management Schools": Transformations and Continuity in French Business Schools

Science.gov (United States)

Blanchard, Marianne

2009-01-01

Part of the national system of grandes Ecoles, French Business schools have known radical changes since the 1980s, notably in size, and have become more attractive to students both at a national and an international level. As a consequence, the French elitist system has been questioned by the competition of foreign--especially Anglo-Saxon--models.…

Anfibios de un bosque seco tropical: Reserva Ecológica Arenillas, Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Szekely, József Paul

2016-01-01

Arenillas Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica Arenillas - REA) is located in southwestern Ecuador, close to the Peruvian border, and belongs to the Tumbesian Endemism Region and is one of the last remnants of tropical dry forests at altitudes below 100 m a.s.l. Climate is characterized by a rainy season extending from January to May and a dry season extending from June to December. Few studies on the amphibians from the reserve have been made so far. Over a period of twelve months, from 201...

Plan de empresa para una granja de gallinas ecológicas

OpenAIRE

Martínez Cañada, Alberto

2014-01-01

Este TFG surge como respuesta a los principales problemas del medio rural: despoblación, envejecimiento poblacional y estancamiento de la economía rural. Así se propone una actividad respetuosa con el medio ambiente, generadora de empleo y revitalizante para el municipio donde se instalará la explotación: la avicultura ecológica de puesta.El estudio se estructura en 4 capítulos; el 1º se centra en el estudio del medio rural, el 2ºes un análisis tecnológico de la explotación, el 3º un análisis...

Comprender la realidad sin representaciones: Affordances y psicología ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Heras Escribano

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Frente al paradigma tradicional en ciencia cognitiva, donde la metáfora del ordenador es la imperante, la psicología ecológica se ofrece como la alternativa más potente en el futuro desarrollo de las investigaciones sobre el fenómeno de la cognición. Dentro de ella, la noción de affordance juega un papel fundamental, aunque el concepto no está exento de polémica.

ECOLE DE RUGBY DE CERN / MEYRIN / ST-GENIS

CERN Multimedia

RUGBY CLUB

2010-01-01

La période de rentrée des classes coïncide également avec la reprise des activités sportives de nos enfants. L’Ecole de Rugby du CMSG Rugby Club, une des plus grandes de Suisse avec près d’une de licenciés de 6 à 18 ans, profite de cette période pour vous informer sur la réelle alternative que représente le Rugby. Pourquoi le rugby pour mon enfant ? Parce qu’il contribue à l’épanouissement harmonieux des enfants et des jeunes, ainsi qu’à la formation de leur personnalité. C’est même le ‘Sport Collectif par Excellence’ selon le Manuel des Castor Juniors ! Le rugby est un sport complet qui sollicite et développe les capacités motrices, intellectuelles, sociales et affectives de celui qui l’exerce. Le rugby...

TIPNIS y Amazonia: Contradicciones en la agenda ecológica de Bolivia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Calla Ortega

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract:The ecological agenda of the government of Evo Morales shows great contradictions. In international meetings it presents itself as the radical defender of the environmental rights of the Latin American peoples. In its own country, it pursues developmentalist policies which are based on the extraction of natural resources. This policy is causing large conflicts within the country. The most striking has been over the construction of a highway through the national park of TIPNIS. The contradiction between its in-ternational position and internal policies, which are far less green, is causing severe damage to the credibility of the Morales government, within and outside the country.Resumen:La agenda ecológica del gobierno de Evo Morales demuestra grandes contradicciones. En los encuentros internacionales se presen-ta como un defensor radical de los derechos ecológicos de los pueblos latinoamericanos. En su propio país está persiguiendo un pro-yecto desarrollista basado en la extracción de recursos nacionales. Esta política está causando grandes conflictos dentro del país. La más llamativa ha sido sobre la construc-ción de una autopista por el parque nacional del TIPNIS. La contradicción entre su pos-tura internacional y una política mucho me-nos verde al interior está dañando aguda-mente la credibilidad del gobierno de Mora-les dentro y fuera del país.

Trilha ecológica do Cavalo-Marinho: Ecoturismo em Barra Grande/PI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Geisa Pereira Barbosa

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Na comunidade Barra Grande, localidade do município de Cajueiro da Praia - PI existe uma trilha ecológica muito bem planejada pelos moradores locais da própria comunidade: A Trilha do Cavalo - Marinho. Essa trilha consiste em um passeio ecológico, onde se trabalham comutantemente o turismo, a sustentabilidade e a educação ambiental.  A área de estudo - a localidade Barra Grande - pertence à Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA do Delta do Parnaíba (APA do Delta do Parnaíba, que visa proteger os ecossistemas costeiros, localizados nos estados do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará. A referente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo inter-relacionar o termo ecoturismo, educação ambiental, sustentabilidade, e a trilha do cavalo marinho, realizado na pequena localidade do Piauí, Barra Grande. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho em estudo foi pesquisa bibliográfica: constituída de um conjunto de obras escritas referente ao turismo, desenvolvimento sustentável, desenvolvimento local sustentável, meio ambiente e educação ambiental e pesquisa de campo não participativa: realizada para obtenção das informações sobre a situação da área de estudo e analisar os aspectos trabalhados pelos moradores tanto na questão de educação ambiental como da sustentabilidade.

A charged anisotropic well-behaved Adler-Finch-Skea solution satisfying Karmarkar condition

Science.gov (United States)

Bhar, Piyali; Singh, Ksh. Newton; Rahaman, Farook; Pant, Neeraj; Banerjee, Sumita

In the present paper, we discover a new well-behaved charged anisotropic solution of Einstein-Maxwell’s field equations. We ansatz the metric potential g00 of the form given by Maurya et al. (Eur. Phys. J. C 76(12) (2016) 693) with n = 2. In their paper, it is mentioned that for n = 2, the solution is not well-behaved for neutral configuration as the speed of sound is nondecreasing radially outward. However, the solution can represent a physically possible configuration with the inclusion of some net electric charge, i.e. the solution can become a well-behaved solution with decreasing sound speed radially outward for a charged configuration. Due to the inclusion of electric charge, the solution leads to a very stiff equation-of-state (EoS) with the velocity of sound at the center vr02 = 0.819, vt02 = 0.923 and the compactness parameter u = 0.823 is close to the Buchdahl limit 0.889. This stiff EoS support a compact star configuration of mass 5.418M⊙ and radius of 10.1km.

Effect of commercial grade endosulfan on growth and reproduction of the fighting fish Betta splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

Balasubramani, A; Pandian, T J

2014-09-01

To study the effects of endosulfan on survival, growth and reproduction of the obligate air-breathing male heterogametic fighting fish Betta splendens, posthatchlings of the fighting fish were discretely immersed for 3 h/day during the labile period on the 2nd, 5th, and 8th day posthatching (dph) at selected concentrations of commercial grade endosulfan ranging from 175 to 1400 ng/L. The immersions at 1,400 ng/L led to 21% mortality, among the 79% of surviving fry, 80% developed into females. The endosulfan reduced the air-breathing frequency of 5- and 8-day old hatchlings, and the reduction in the frequency persisted even after a depuration period of 172 days. In the ovary of the treated females, reduced number of vitellogenic oocytes with increased vacuolar cavities was observed. In the testis of the treated males, the reduced number of spermatogonia with increased vacuolar cavities was observed. The treated male induced the female to spawn a fewer eggs, which were subsequently incubated in his smaller bubble nest. The control females attained puberty on the 138th dph and spawned 120 eggs once in every 15 days, the females, which were previously treated at 1400 ng/L, postponed puberty to the 179th dph and spawned 70 eggs once in every 32 days. During the 240-day experiment, endosulfan is found to reduce significantly the cumulative progeny production from 760 to 144, reducing significantly to 19% of the control. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., a Wiley company.

Análise de risco ecológico na Lagoa da Vela

OpenAIRE

Abrantes, Nelson José Cabaços

2007-01-01

A Análise de Risco Ecológico (ARE) é um processo sistemático de avaliação da probabilidade de efeitos adversos ocorrerem em resultado da exposição a um ou mais agentes de stress ambiental. No contexto da tomada de decisão relativa aos problemas ambientais, a ARE tem-se mostrado como uma ferramenta fundamental e eficaz, sendo cada vez mais utilizada nos países desenvolvidos. Contudo, em Portugal, o seu uso continua muito limitado e incipiente. A Lagoa da Vela, localizada n...

BEHAVE: fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system--FUEL subsystem

Science.gov (United States)

Robert E. Burgan; Richard C. Rothermel

1984-01-01

This manual documents the fuel modeling procedures of BEHAVE--a state-of-the-art wildland fire behavior prediction system. Described are procedures for collecting fuel data, using the data with the program, and testing and adjusting the fuel model.

How are we behaving?

CERN Multimedia

2012-01-01

It’s almost two years since CERN introduced a Code of Conduct. The results may not be immediately measurable, but I’d like to think it’s made the lab a better place to be. The Code of Conduct is based on values that most of us immediately identify with, and so implementing it comes as second nature. Nevertheless, in an organisation of over 10,000 people, it’s useful to have a set of guidelines and there have been occasions on which it’s been necessary to remind people of them.   I use the figure of 10,000 advisedly since the Code of Conduct applies to us all, those on the CERN payroll as well as users of the lab’s facilities and people working for CERN contractors, as long as they are acting on CERN’s behalf. The Code also applies to us whether we are on the CERN site or anywhere else. CERN is a major presence in the region. The way we behave can have a significant influence on how our neighbours perceive us, and how the la...

Estrutura espacial e processos ecológicos: o estudo da fragmentação dos habitats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Laranjeira

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo revê a relação entre alguns conceitos e pressupostos fundamentais para a atual investigação ecológica e biogeográfica que, desde meados de 1980, se tem vindo a centrar no estudo do regime e dos efeitos das perturbações ambientais, naturais e antrópicas, sobre espécies e comunidades biológicas. Salienta-se a afirmação crescente da Ecologia da Paisagem, disciplina que enfatiza a importância da heterogeneidade espacial e das relações recíprocas entre os padrões espaciais da paisagem e os processos ecológicos, sobretudo no contexto de uma perturbação como a da fragmentação dos habitats. A base conceptual e os resultados dos principais modelos de simulação espacial e dos estudos empíricos que permitem destrinçar a importância da perda do habitat relativamente à configuração espacial do habitat são sintetizados e discutidos.

Los Desplazamientos en el Discurso ´Ecológico´: del Naturalismo Social al Sociologismo Natural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosario Rogel Salazar

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo ofrece una introducción al desarrollo sustentable que permita, en la medida de lo posible, fomentar una actitud crítica ante la manera en que se analiza hoy la cuestión de la sustentabilidad. El hilo conductor es la búsqueda del sistema conceptual, que ha concebido los problemas ecológicos como “perturbaciones” y que ahora arriba a una postura denominada “desarrollo sustentable”, como nueva construcción utópica del proyecto de la modernidad. Se busca enmarcar el problema como una cuestión epistémica, debido a que ha sido la forma de razonar/conocer lo que ha circunscrito las catástrofes ecológicas a ‘perturbaciones’; es decir, a situaciones a controlar, lo que da pie a la idea de desarrollo sustentable. En síntesis, estas líneas proponen enfrentar el problema de la intervención e interpretación del sujeto en la construcción de proyectos colectivos, en los que se ha ubicado al desarrollo sustentable.

Factores que determinan la resiliencia socio-ecológica para la alta montaña andina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samir Joaqui Daza

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de revisión está enmarcado en el desarrollo de una tesis doctoral en Ciencias Ambientales. Analiza los procesos tradicionales de gestión y planificación que han tenido un enfoque disciplinar para enfrentar problemáticas ambientales como el cambio climático en la alta montaña andina cuyo propósito se ha centrado en el manejo o mitigación de los impactos ambientales generados por las actividades antrópicas. Sin embargo, el deterioro ecológico aumenta debido a que las bases conceptuales en las que se fundamentan las herramientas de gestión por lo general son descontextualizadas, asumiendo que las relaciones socio ecológicas se pueden desagregar para ser estudiadas y que los fenómenos de la naturaleza son predecibles y controlables. Considerando lo anterior, se propone la incorporación de teorías complementarias como los socio-ecosistemas, la resiliencia, la transformabilidad, la adaptación y la vulnerabilidad.

Myrtaceae na Bacia do Rio Caveiras: Características Ecológicas e Usos Não Madeireiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliano Pereira Gomes

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se descrever o padrão florístico-estrutural, as características ecológicas e os potenciais das Myrtaceae na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Caveiras. As comunidades de Myrtaceae estudadas localizam-se no Planalto Sul Catarinense, Lages, São José do Cerrito e Urupema. Foram instaladas quatro blocos por município, totalizando 30 mil m2 de área amostral, nos quais todos os espécimes de Myrtaceae com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP ≥ 5 cm foram amostrados. A estrutura da comunidade de Myrtaceae foi avaliada pelos descritores fitossociológicos e a suficiência amostral foi verificada utilizando-se o método de rarefação. As abordagens ecológicas e indicações de uso não madeireiro basearam-se em bibliografia especializada e base de dados científicos. Foram amostrados 1.480 exemplares de Myrtaceae pertencentes a 21 espécies e 11 gêneros. As espécies mais abundantes foram Myrceugenia euosma, Siphoneugena reitzii e Myrcia palustris, as quais representaram mais de 50% da estrutura da comunidade. Quanto à classificação ecológica, destacou-se o grupo das secundárias iniciais (57%. As espécies amostradas são indicadas para restauração de áreas alteradas, usos ornamentais (100% e fitoterápicos (60%. Apesar da representatividade e potencialidades das Myrtaceae, ainda são necessárias pesquisas para embasar a conservação via plano de manejo.

Aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de las garrapatas duras

OpenAIRE

Polanco-Echeverry, Diana Nayibe; Ríos-Osorio, Leonardo Alberto

2016-01-01

Las garrapatas duras son ectoparásitos hematófagos de la familia Ixodidae. Estos ácaros han sido considerados siempre como agentes disruptores de los sistemas ganaderos, en los que se les reconoce como causantes de pérdidas económicas y productivas. Sin embargo, su función ecológica es importante para el equilibrio dinámico del sistema de producción de carne o leche bovina. El conocimiento de su biología y ecología puede ilustrar la toma de decisiones sanitarias que se hagan sobre estos organ...

Revisión del paradigma ecológico de la 'legionella'. Estrategia ecológica y su implicación en salud pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Bernardo Ferrer Simó

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Algunos aspectos difícilmente explicados por el modelo ecológico descrito por Rowbothan en 1980, como son: la dosis infecciosa anormalmente baja, las largas distancias en las cuales la bacteria permanece viable en el seno del aerosol difundido, la dificultad de crecimiento en los medios de cultivo estándar, la poca eficacia de los desinfectantes antilegionela en el control de los brotes, la reinfección o sencillamente la ausencia de transmisión persona-persona, son analizados bajo el prisma de la microbiología ecológica. Centrados en la relación bacteria-protozoo, diversos estudios sugieren que la amplificación o crecimiento bacteriano podría tener lugar en dos fases o etapas, funcionalmente distintas, según la proporción o ratio bacteria-ameba (MOI- multiplicity of infection. En una primera fase de crecimiento rápido, en la que esta relación es sustancialmente baja, la entrada de una bacteria de legionela en la ameba originaría una única vacuola, que tras la lisis amebiana, liberaría al medio formas libres infectantes para otras amebas. La segunda etapa, de diseminación o colonización de otros nichos ecológicos, con relaciones MOI altas, se producen varias vesículas de crecimiento en el interior de la ameba que serían expulsadas por la misma sin necesidad de lisar. El enquistamiento de la ameba en esta fase, se produce tras la liberación masiva al medio de las vesículas que hubiera en el interior. Algunos autores sugieren que estas vesículas por sus características de resistencia y “empaquetamiento” de formas de vivas de legionela, constituyen el núcleo infectante en la transmisión de la legionelosis. La presencia de un biofilm específico podría ser determinante en este proceso. Teniendo en cuenta este sistema de relación-interacción ameba-legionela, las medidas preventivas deberían ir encaminadas a mantener la relación MOI baja, siempre en conjunción con bajos niveles de biofilm. En este sentido la adici

¿Conocimiento, medio ambiente o salud? Una investigación sobre los determinantes del consumo de alimentos ecológicos en España

OpenAIRE

López Galán, Belinda Susan; Gracia Royo, Azucena; Barreiro Hurlé, Jesús

2013-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los factores que influyen en la intención de compra de alimentos ecológicos de los consumidores españoles. Para ello se ha especificado un modelo de intención de compra basado en la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado de Ajzen al que se ha añadido el nivel de conocimiento sobre los alimentos ecológicos y la preocupación por la salud y el medioambiente como factores determinantes de la intención de compra. Para estimar el modelo se ha especificado un mo...

Wave fronts, pulses and wave trains in photoexcited superlattices behaving as excitable or oscillatory media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arana, J I; Bonilla, L L; Grahn, H T

2011-01-01

Undoped and strongly photoexcited semiconductor superlattices with field-dependent recombination behave as excitable or oscillatory media with spatially discrete nonlinear convection and diffusion. Infinitely long, dc-current-biased superlattices behaving as excitable media exhibit wave fronts with increasing or decreasing profiles, whose velocities can be calculated by means of asymptotic methods. These superlattices can also support pulses of the electric field. Pulses moving downstream with the flux of electrons can be constructed from their component wave fronts, whereas pulses advancing upstream do so slowly and experience saltatory motion: they change slowly in long intervals of time separated by fast transitions during which the pulses jump to the previous superlattice period. Photoexcited superlattices can also behave as oscillatory media and exhibit wave trains. (paper)

Rendimientos, estructuras de tallas y madurez sexual del alfonsino (Beryx splendens capturado en el cordón submarino de Juan Fernández, Chile Fishing yields, size structures, and sexual maturity of alfonsino (Beryx splendens caught on Juan Fernandez seamounts, Chile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aurora Guerrero

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la información recopilada en lances comerciales para la captura de alfonsino (Beryx splendens realizados en montes submarinos del archipiélago de Juan Fernández (Chile, entre los años 2001 y 2003, que corresponden a la etapa de desarrollo inicial de esta pesquería. En dicho período se efectuaron 187 lances, de los cuales en 121 se obtuvo la especie objetivo, capturándose 525,1 ton, que constituyeron el 99,2% de la captura total. Por la configuración irregular de los fondos, los lances de pesca se caracterizaron por su corta duración (0,26-0,50 h, a profundidad media de 469,7 m. En este periodo se analizaron 14.773 ejemplares, 6.064 machos (41% y 8.709 hembras (59%, evidenciando un predominio de hembras. La proporción sexual estructurada a la talla mostró un predominio de machos a tallas inferiores a 24 cm de longitud de horquilla (LH. En machos el tamaño medio fluctuó entre 34,6 y 36,8 cm de LH y en hembras entre 36,2 y 38,4 cm LH. Para determinar la madurez de las gónadas, se utilizó la escala macroscópica propuesta por Lehodey et al. (1997 y se estableció que los machos alcanzaron la primera madurez (TMS50% a 34,3 cm LH y las hembras a los 33,3 cm LH. Los rendimientos promedio en el período analizado correspondieron entre 0,2 y 6,6 ton lance-1 y entre 1,8 y 19,0 ton h.a.-1 , con medias de 4,3 ton lance-1 y 9,2 ton h.a.-1 .We analyzed information collected during commercial hauls targeting alfonsino (Beryx splendens on seamounts of the Juan Fernández Archipelago (Chile from the early stages of the fishery (2001-2003. Of the 187 hauls carried out in this period, 121 were successful; alfonsino catches reached 525.1 ton, constituting 99.2%> of the total catch. Due to the irregularity of the sea bottom, short (0.26-0.50 h fishing hauls were performed at mid-depth (469.7 m. We analyzed 14,773 specimens during the study period: 6,064 males (41% and 8,709 females (59%, the latter being predominan! The size structure was

Determinación de la calidad ecológica del río Tuluá Valle del Cauca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Augusto Bustamante Toro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En el período comprendido entre febrero y junio de 2011, se realizó un estudio sobre la calidad ecológica del río Tuluá en sus tramos medio y bajo en la jurisdicción del municipio de Tuluá, Valle del Cauca. Se establecieron seis puntos de muestreo donde se colectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos y se tomaron muestras de agua para los análisis físico-químicos y bacteriológicos. Para los resultados se aplicaron los índices de contaminación acuática (ICOMO, ICOMI e ICOSUS de Viña & Ramírez (1998, el índice biótico de calidad del agua BMWP adaptado por Zúñiga (2004 y los índices ecológicos de diversidad alfa y beta. También se determinó la composición y estructura del ensamble de macroinvertebrados encontrándose 1174 individuos distribuidos en 3 Phyllum, 4 Clases, 12 Órdenes, 25 Familias y 12 Géneros con valores de diversidad entre medios y bajo; en términos físico-químicos y ecológicos los tramos estudiados se encuentran en condiciones que varían entre aguas limpias y de buena calidad hasta aguas muy contaminadas. Es necesario que la autoridad ambiental y la sociedad civil del municipio de Tuluá formulen y apliquen estrategias de saneamiento para la prevención y control de la contaminación de esta importante corriente hídrica que es la principal fuente de abastecimiento de dicha localidad.

Swarm Observations: Implementing Integration Theory to Understand an Opponent Swarm

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-01

objects and satisfaction of the interface boundary conditions creates a function that did not exist before the connection. A function is described...CapacityDimension.html Wilson, E. O. (1984). The relation between caste ratios and division of labour in the ant genus Pheidole. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 16, 89–98

Relation between Students' Involvement and Teacher Management Strategies in French "Difficult" Classrooms

Science.gov (United States)

Vors, Olivier; Gal-Petitfaux, Nathalie

2015-01-01

Background: Since 2010, French secondary schools with a high proportion of students in academic difficulty benefit from a compensatory education policy called "Ecoles Colleges et Lycees pour l'Ambition, l'Innovation et la Reussite" (ECLAIR). These students tend to behave poorly and frequently disengage from learning tasks, and thus one…

Superando los límites medioambientales de la empresa: Un estudio experimental del efecto del posicionamiento ecológico en la actitud hacia la marca

OpenAIRE

Hartmann, Patrick; Forcada Sainz, Francisco Javier; Apaolaza Ibáñez, Vanesa

2004-01-01

Ponencia presentada y defendida en el XI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa (AEDEM), celebrado en París en septiembre de 2002. [ES] La reducción del impacto medioambiental de un producto o de su proceso de fabricación no necesariamente constituye una limitación a la actividad empresarial, sino puede, asimismo, representar una oportunidad estratégica en el marco de una gestión de marcas ecológica. El posicionamiento ecológico se presenta como un...

La Estructura de la Revolución Ecológica en Arquitectura

OpenAIRE

Chinchilla Moreno, Izaskun

2017-01-01

El objetivo que ha guiado, genuinamente, la investigación y la redacción de esta tesis, ha sido ser útil a arquitectos y diseñadores que, por convicción propia o por mediación de terceros, quieren poder idear e implementar arquitectura o productos más ecológicos. La tesis propondrá, a esos profesionales, una hipótesis de fondo: la aplicación profunda de los principios de la ecología a la arquitectura lo cambiaría todo; no se trata de un cambio parcial, se trata de una revolución. En virtud de...

El marketing ecológico y su integración en la planificación estratégica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yoleida Hernández

2012-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir la integración del marketing ecológico en la planificación, con el fin establecer los aspectos que integra dicha tendencia y los beneficios que le aporta a las organizaciones, dentro del contexto ambiental. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo-documental, basada principalmente en los aportes realizados por autores como: Chamorro (2001, David (2003, Kaplan y Norton (2000, López (2007, Lorenzo (2002 y Machín (2003. La revisión realizada permitió concluir, que el marketing ecológico como mecanismo necesario en la planificación estratégica de toda organización, acorde con las exigencias ambientales de los clientes y la sociedad en general, debido a que determina los objetivos ambientales: los elementos presentes en el proceso, su integración con la visión estratégica y las estrategias para alcanzarlos, lo cual le permite a la organización direccionarse hacia una economía verde.

Histopathology and culturable bacteria associated with "big belly" and "skin nodule" syndromes in ornamental Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, H T; Senapin, S; Phiwsaiya, K; Techatanakitarnan, C; Dokladda, K; Ruenwongsa, P; Panijpan, B

2018-06-02

The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) is one of the popular aquarium ornamental fish in the global trade. Large numbers of ornamental fish farmed in central Thailand suffered from two common syndromes; preliminarily named skin nodule syndrome (SNS) and big belly syndrome (BBS): they showed noticeable clinical signs of abnormal appearances resulting in depressed saleability. Since very few specifics are known about causative agents of these syndromes, this study aimed at investigating histopathological features and culturable bacteria associated with these fish infected in the process of farming. Histopathologically, SNS fish consistently exhibited necrosis and severe melanization in the muscles and multiple internal organs. Whereas BBS fish exhibited either typical granulomas or tissue damage associated with acid-fast stained bacteria and Gram negative bacteria, respectively. Six different Gram negative bacterial species were recovered from BBS fish while 23 bacterial species belonging to 14 genera were recovered from fish suffering from SNS. Most of the culturable bacteria are new to betta fish and some of them are known to be marine bacteria, suggesting possible entry route via a contaminated live feed, commercial Artemia shrimp. The true causative agents of these syndromes remain unclear. However, histopathological changes and existence of a wide range of bacteria associated with the naturally diseased fish suggest involvement of multiple bacterial infections. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identificación de valores y estilos de vida del consumidor de alimentos ecológicos en la ciudad de Bogotá / Identification of values and lifestyles of organic food consumer at the city of Bogotá

OpenAIRE

Ojeda Arismendy, Diana del Pilar

2011-01-01

Como objetivos del presente trabajo se plantearon: el establecimiento de la percepción y la motivación de compra del consumidor, hacia los alimentos ecológicos en la ciudad de Bogotá, y la identificación a través de los valores y estilos de vida, tanto del consumidor potencial como el actual. Para esto, se realizó una exhaustiva investigación documental, para la producción, la comercialización y el consumo de los alimentos ecológicos. Se evidenció que la producción agrícola ecológica en Colom...

De la comprensión a la aplicación del conocimiento en el diagnóstico ecológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Matus Parada

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Ante la actual crisis socioambiental, los centros de educación superior enfrentan la demanda del conocimiento aplicado en distintos campos. Este texto se refiere al campo de la Biología impartido en la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco (uam-x. El artículo explora el grado de relación que los conocimientos conceptuales pueden presentar con la capacidad de aplicación del conocimiento en un dominio cognitivo específico que posee una naturaleza procedimental, el diagnóstico ecológico. Salvo en los casos de los alumnos más aventajados, los resultados sugieren que los esquemas conceptuales que poseen los alumnos no son suficientes para garantizar un desempeño complejo como el que implica el diagnóstico ecológico. Este hallazgo se ve influido por la naturaleza del dominio cognitivo estudiado, caracterizado por una demanda conceptual relativamente moderada, pero también por un desempeño extremadamente amplio y complejo.

Impacto ecológico de los Intercambiadores de calor de tubo y coraza; Ecological impact of Shell and tube heat exchangers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maida Bárbara Reyes Rodríguez

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Los intercambiadores de calor de tubo y coraza son de los equipos más importantes en la industria. Su diseño termodinámico se basa en el coeficiente global de transferencia de calor y la caída de presión total. En 2007 se estableció una nueva propiedad termodinámica denominada “Entransía”, que expresa la capacidad de un cuerpo de transferir calor. A la pérdida de esa capacidad se le denomina “Disipación de Entransía”. Para evaluar el impacto ecológico de las máquinas térmicas, Angulo-Brown creó en 1991 la llamada función ecológica. En el presente trabajo se combinó la disipación de entransía con la función ecológica y se creó una nueva expresión para evaluar el impacto ambiental de los intercambiadores de calor. Se realizó además la optimización muti-objetivo de estos equipos. Fueron utilizadas como funciones objetivo la función ecológica y el costo. Para realizar la optimización se utilizó el método de los Algoritmos Genéticos.Shell and tube heat exchangers are ones the most important equipment in the industry. Their thermodynamic design is based on the global heat transference coefficient and the pressure drop. In 2007 was settled a new thermodynamic property denominated “Entransy”, which expresses the capacity of a body to transfer heat. The loss of this capacity is denominated “Entransy Dissipation”. For evaluating the ecological impact of thermal machines, Angulo-Brown created in 1991 the “ecological function”. In this paper the“entransy dissipation” and the ecological function were combined and a new expression for evaluating the ecological impact of shell and tube heat exchangers was created. A multi-objective optimization of this equipment wasalso realized. The ecological function and the cost wereused as objective functions. For carry out the optimization the method of the Genetic Algorithms was used.

Tiempo y sucesión ecológica en Ramón Margalef

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vargas Abarzúa, Esteban

2010-02-01

Full Text Available In this paper we attempt to think about the time in the Margalef’s ecological succession theory. In the classical model of ecological succession, populations succeed each other. Each phases of that succession “as a temporary phase” is merely juxtaposed with the other. It is the clock time, time like “measure” of the clock. Time here is absolute, independent of the process like in Newton. This does not happen in the model of Margalef. He thinks the ecosystem like a process in which energy is transfer and information acumulated. Thus, in the dynamic process of ecosystem appears various phases determined by the intrinsic dynamics of the system. Each ecosystem has its own time.

En este trabajo intentamos meditar la concepción de tiempo en la teoría de sucesión ecológica de Margalef. En un modelo clásico de sucesión ecológica, las poblaciones se suceden unas a otras. Cada fase de esa sucesión “en tanto fase temporal” está meramente yuxtapuesta a las demás fases. Es el tiempo cronométrico, el tiempo como “medida” del reloj. El tiempo es aquí algo absoluto, independiente del proceso como en Newton. Esto no ocurre en el modelo de Margalef. Él piensa el ecosistema como un proceso de transferencia de energía y acumulación de información. Por esto, en el proceso dinámico del ecosistema existen diversas fases determinadas por la dinámica intrínseca del sistema. Cada ecosistema posee así su tiempo propio.

Combinatorial Clustering Algorithm of Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization and Cloud Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mi-Yuan Shan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We propose a combinatorial clustering algorithm of cloud model and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (COCQPSO to solve the stochastic problem. The algorithm employs a novel probability model as well as a permutation-based local search method. We are setting the parameters of COCQPSO based on the design of experiment. In the comprehensive computational study, we scrutinize the performance of COCQPSO on a set of widely used benchmark instances. By benchmarking combinatorial clustering algorithm with state-of-the-art algorithms, we can show that its performance compares very favorably. The fuzzy combinatorial optimization algorithm of cloud model and quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (FCOCQPSO in vague sets (IVSs is more expressive than the other fuzzy sets. Finally, numerical examples show the clustering effectiveness of COCQPSO and FCOCQPSO clustering algorithms which are extremely remarkable.

Hippocampal activity during transient respiratory events in the freely behaving cat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poe, G R; Kristensen, Morten Pilgaard; Rector, D M

1996-01-01

We measured dorsal hippocampal activity accompanying sighs and apnea using reflectance imaging and electrophysiologic measures in freely behaving cats. Reflected 660-nm light from a 1-mm2 area of CA1 was captured during sighs and apnea at 25 Hz through a coherent image conduit coupled to a charge...

Las cubiertas ecológicas de tercera generación: un nuevo material constructivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barbero, M.

2008-09-01

Full Text Available In 1994, the first ecological roof in Spain was built as a result of a research process. The structure of the construction, the substrate, and the chosen plants have been modified since then, in order to make the environmental properties optimum and to adapt it to extreme climatic conditions such as Spanish dry summers and frosted winters. All these changes have been tested and the energetic attitude has been studied. The best result is represented by a third generation roof model, called as an ecological garden roof. The present article describes the results obtained from the previous research as well as the final process results.En 1994 se inició una investigación que dio como resultado la construcción de la primera cubierta ecológica en España. Desde ese momento se han realizado modificaciones en su estructura constructiva, en el sustrato empleado y en las plantas empleadas, con la intención de optimizar su comportamiento, adaptándola a las condiciones climáticas que se padecen de España. Todas estas modificaciones han sido ensayadas y se ha evaluado rigurosamente su comportamiento energético. El resultado ha culminado en un modelo de cubierta, ya de una tercera generación, denominada como cubierta ecológica jardín. En este artículo se muestran, tanto los resultados de la investigación previa, como los correspondientes a la fase final que culminó con ese nuevo modelo, considerado como un nuevo material constructivo, plenamente sostenible.

Chaos Quantum-Behaved Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in the PV MPPT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaohua Nie

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO algorithm was put forward in 2006. Despite a faster convergence speed compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO algorithm, the application of CSO is greatly limited by the drawback of “premature convergence,” that is, the possibility of trapping in local optimum when dealing with nonlinear optimization problem with a large number of local extreme values. In order to surmount the shortcomings of CSO, Chaos Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (CQCSO algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (QCSO algorithm improves the accuracy of the CSO algorithm, because it is easy to fall into the local optimum in the later stage. Chaos Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (CQCSO algorithm is proposed by introducing tent map for jumping out of local optimum in this paper. Secondly, CQCSO has been applied in the simulation of five different test functions, showing higher accuracy and less time consumption than CSO and QCSO. Finally, photovoltaic MPPT model and experimental platform are established and global maximum power point tracking control strategy is achieved by CQCSO algorithm, the effectiveness and efficiency of which have been verified by both simulation and experiment.

Chaos Quantum-Behaved Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in the PV MPPT.

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Xiaohua; Wang, Wei; Nie, Haoyao

2017-01-01

Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm was put forward in 2006. Despite a faster convergence speed compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, the application of CSO is greatly limited by the drawback of "premature convergence," that is, the possibility of trapping in local optimum when dealing with nonlinear optimization problem with a large number of local extreme values. In order to surmount the shortcomings of CSO, Chaos Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (CQCSO) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (QCSO) algorithm improves the accuracy of the CSO algorithm, because it is easy to fall into the local optimum in the later stage. Chaos Quantum-behaved Cat Swarm Optimization (CQCSO) algorithm is proposed by introducing tent map for jumping out of local optimum in this paper. Secondly, CQCSO has been applied in the simulation of five different test functions, showing higher accuracy and less time consumption than CSO and QCSO. Finally, photovoltaic MPPT model and experimental platform are established and global maximum power point tracking control strategy is achieved by CQCSO algorithm, the effectiveness and efficiency of which have been verified by both simulation and experiment.

BEHAVE: fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system-BURN Subsystem, part 1

Science.gov (United States)

Patricia L. Andrews

1986-01-01

Describes BURN Subsystem, Part 1, the operational fire behavior prediction subsystem of the BEHAVE fire behavior prediction and fuel modeling system. The manual covers operation of the computer program, assumptions of the mathematical models used in the calculations, and application of the predictions.

Two-Photon Functional Imaging of the Auditory Cortex in Behaving Mice: From Neural Networks to Single Spines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruijie Li

2018-04-01

Full Text Available In vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging is a powerful tool for recording neuronal activities during perceptual tasks and has been increasingly applied to behaving animals for acute or chronic experiments. However, the auditory cortex is not easily accessible to imaging because of the abundant temporal muscles, arteries around the ears and their lateral locations. Here, we report a protocol for two-photon Ca2+ imaging in the auditory cortex of head-fixed behaving mice. By using a custom-made head fixation apparatus and a head-rotated fixation procedure, we achieved two-photon imaging and in combination with targeted cell-attached recordings of auditory cortical neurons in behaving mice. Using synthetic Ca2+ indicators, we recorded the Ca2+ transients at multiple scales, including neuronal populations, single neurons, dendrites and single spines, in auditory cortex during behavior. Furthermore, using genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs, we monitored the neuronal dynamics over days throughout the process of associative learning. Therefore, we achieved two-photon functional imaging at multiple scales in auditory cortex of behaving mice, which extends the tool box for investigating the neural basis of audition-related behaviors.

Indicador espacial del metabolismo urbano. Huella Ecológica de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina

OpenAIRE

Guerrero, Elsa Marcela; Guiñirgo, Fernando

2008-01-01

Además de problemas urbanos evidentes -contaminación, residuos, etc.-, existe un problema asociado a la propia dinámica del sistema urbano que es de interés: la apropiación creciente de ecosistemas productivos externos destinados a satisfacer los requerimientos del metabolismo urbano de la ciudad de Tandil, Argentina. Se emplea para su cálculo, la Huella Ecológica (HE) (Rees 1996a; Wackernagel 1996) que permite evaluar en términos espaciales –hectáreas- los requerimientos de alimentos, combus...

Humedal urbano en Punta Arenas: Sustentabilidad del Proyecto Parque Ecológico Humedal Tres Puentes

OpenAIRE

Luis Inostroza Pino

2009-01-01

El Humedal Tres Puentes, ubicado en la entrada norte de Punta Arenas, es un espacio relevante desde el punto de vista ecológico y hábitat de una numerosa avifauna, uno de los más importantes de la ciudad. Sin embargo el Humedal está seriamente amenazado, dado su ubicación sobre uno de los principales vectores de crecimiento de la ciudad de Punta Arenas, en terrenos que han adquirido plusvalía paulatinamente, bien por efecto de la obra pública del Estado o por el simple crecimiento vegetativo ...

Evolving Models of Pavlovian Conditioning: Cerebellar Cortical Dynamics in Awake Behaving Mice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michiel M. ten Brinke

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Three decades of electrophysiological research on cerebellar cortical activity underlying Pavlovian conditioning have expanded our understanding of motor learning in the brain. Purkinje cell simple spike suppression is considered to be crucial in the expression of conditional blink responses (CRs. However, trial-by-trial quantification of this link in awake behaving animals is lacking, and current hypotheses regarding the underlying plasticity mechanisms have diverged from the classical parallel fiber one to the Purkinje cell synapse LTD hypothesis. Here, we establish that acquired simple spike suppression, acquired conditioned stimulus (CS-related complex spike responses, and molecular layer interneuron (MLI activity predict the expression of CRs on a trial-by-trial basis using awake behaving mice. Additionally, we show that two independent transgenic mouse mutants with impaired MLI function exhibit motor learning deficits. Our findings suggest multiple cerebellar cortical plasticity mechanisms underlying simple spike suppression, and they implicate the broader involvement of the olivocerebellar module within the interstimulus interval.

Valor ambiental em uma perspectiva heterodoxa institucional-ecológica: an institutional-ecological heterodox perspective Environmental value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício de Carvalho Amazona

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho discute a perspectiva de valoração ambiental a partir de fundamentos heterodoxos, numa abordagem aqui denominada institucional-ecológica. Inicia-se pela identificação das principais limitações da abordagem neoclássica e suas correspondentes proposições de valoração, particularmente tendo-se em vista o desafio posto pelo critério de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Em seguida, busca resgatar princípios propositivos de abordagens heterodoxas, particularmente nas formulações do campo teórico institucionalista e do campo teórico da economia ecológica, como elementos de potencial integração analítica para a constituição de uma conceituação heterodoxa de valores ambientais. Por fim, o trabalho propõe, a partir de uma discussão sobre o processo de formação e internalização dos valores ambientais e desse potencial de integração analítica, bases de constituição de uma abordagem institucional-ecológica para interpretação da valoração ambiental e, dentro dessa perspectiva, discute ao final qual o escopo de aplicação dos métodos de valoração correntemente utilizados pela Economia Ambiental Neoclássica.This article discusses an environmental valuation perspective, based on heterodox foundations, in an approach here called institutional-ecological. First, it is identified the main limits of neoclassical approach and its corresponding valuation propositions, specially having in mind the challenge placed by Sustainable Development criteria. After, it seeks to bring up propositive principles from heterodox approaches, particularly from formulations in the institutionalist field and ecological economics field. These are considered elements potentially able to analytical integration for the constitution of a heterodox framework for environmental values. Finally, based on a discussion on the process of environmental values constitution and internalization and on the so claimed analytical integration

El uso de especies vegetales exóticas como una estrategia de restauración ecológica

OpenAIRE

Maglianesi Sandoz, Maria Alejandra

2016-01-01

El presente artículo describe el desarrollo de programas de reforestación en Costa Rica y el uso de especies vegetales exóticas para la recuperación de tierras degradadas en los trópicos. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de las ventajas y desventajas del uso de estas especies en programas de restauración ecológica.

An Abstract Coalgebraic Approach to Process Equivalence for Well- Behaved Operational Semantics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Klin, Bartek

This thesis is part of the programme aimed at finding a mathematical theory of well-behaved structural operational semantics. General and basic results shown in 1997 in a seminal paper by Turi and Plotkin are extended in two directions, aiming at greater expressivity of the framework. The so-call...

Recruitment and Workplace Integration of Men and Women Engineers in France: The Case of EPF Ecole D'ingénieurs Graduates

Science.gov (United States)

Stevanovic, Biljana

2014-01-01

Based on "First Job" surveys conducted six months after graduation among graduates from 2000 to 2007 and semi-structured interviews, this paper examines the recruitment and workplace integration of women and men graduates from EPF Ecole d'Ingenieurs. The study's findings show that women engineering graduates from EPF generally have more…

Arquitetura de terra: uma solução ecológica, econômica e auto sustentável / Earth architecture: an ecological, economic and self-sustainable solution

OpenAIRE

Arini, Ruy

2015-01-01

Trabalho enviado em 22 de fevereiro de 2015. Aceito em 25 de fevereiro de 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2015.15196Resumo Uma habitação construída com arquitetura de terra crua é caracterizada por conforto ambiental, boa resistência à compressão, durabilidade e custo econômico devido ao uso de tijolos e blocos ecológicos, que são curados a frio, eliminando a energia utilizada pelas indústrias para a sua produção e comercialização da cerâmica. O design ecológico de alvenaria permit...

Abelhas sem ferrão (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini da Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa, Cataguases-MG, Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Werneck

2014-08-01

Stingless Bees of the Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa, Cataguases-MG, Brazil Abstract. This study carried out a survey of nests of stingless bees present in the Estação Ecológica de Água Limpa (EEAL in the municipality of Cataguases, Minas Gerais. We found twenty-one nests belonging to nine species: Friesella schrottkyi (Friese, Melipona bicolor Lepeletier, Plebeia sp. 1, Plebeia sp. 2, Tetragona clavipes (Fabricius, Tetragona quadrangula (Fabricius, Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, Trigona hyalinata (Lepeletier, Trigona spinipes (Fabricius. Twenty of the 21 nests were found in arboreal substrate. The fauna of stingless bees observed in EEAL is represented by a low number of species. Although the local vegetation has the potential to provide substrates for nesting and floral resources, the low species richness may be related to the fact that the EEAL is an isolated forest remnant.

Female-Specific Specialization of a Posterior End Region of the Midgut Symbiotic Organ in Plautia splendens and Allied Stinkbugs

Science.gov (United States)

Hayashi, Toshinari; Hosokawa, Takahiro; Meng, Xian-Ying; Koga, Ryuichi

2015-01-01

Many stinkbugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are associated with bacterial symbionts in a posterior region of the midgut. In these stinkbugs, adult females excrete symbiont-containing materials from the anus for transmission of the beneficial symbionts to their offspring. For ensuring the vertical symbiont transmission, a variety of female-specific elaborate traits at the cellular, morphological, developmental, and behavioral levels have been reported from diverse stinkbugs of the families Plataspidae, Urostylididae, Parastrachiidae, etc. Meanwhile, such elaborate female-specific traits for vertical symbiont transmission have been poorly characterized for the largest and economically important stinkbug family Pentatomidae. Here, we investigated the midgut symbiotic system of a pentatomid stinkbug, Plautia splendens. A specific gammaproteobacterial symbiont was consistently present extracellularly in the cavity of numerous crypts arranged in four rows on the midgut fourth section. The symbiont was smeared on the egg surface upon oviposition by adult females, orally acquired by newborn nymphs, and thereby transmitted vertically to the next generation and important for growth and survival of the host insects. We found that, specifically in adult females, several rows of crypts at the posterior end region of the symbiotic midgut were morphologically differentiated and conspicuously enlarged, often discharging the symbiotic bacteria from the crypt cavity to the main tract of the symbiotic midgut. The female-specific enlarged end crypts were also found in other pentatomid stinkbugs Plautia stali and Carbula crassiventris. These results suggest that the enlarged end crypts represent a female-specific specialized morphological trait for vertical symbiont transmission commonly found among stinkbugs of the family Pentatomidae. PMID:25636847

Ordenamiento ecológico y ordenamiento territorial: retos para la gestión del desarrollo regional sustentable en el siglo XXI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Wong-González

2010-01-01

Full Text Available América Latina, se reconoce que a pesar de los avances en la materia, la planificación tradicional en general y los programas de ordenamiento ecológico y territorial en particular, éstos últimos como instrumentos de gestión ambiental directamente ligados al uso del suelo, los esfuerzos han sido preferentemente indicativos y no han estado respaldados políticamente con una aplicación eficaz. El objetivo de este ensayo es llevar a cabo una reflexión analítica de las fuerzas generadoras de cambio y megatendencias que están impactando los procesos de planeación territorial y contribuir a la discusión de alternativas. Para ello se toman como referencia los principales programas de ordenamiento ligados al territorio en México: el Ordenamiento Ecológico y el Ordenamiento Territorial. Se argumenta que por sí mismos ambos ordenamientos, debido a su orientación fundamentalmente sectorial urbana- asentamientos humanos el segundo-, no pueden constituirse en sustitutos de una política comprehensiva de desarrollo regionalterritorial sustentable.

Why the dimension matters in ecological models? ¿Por qué importa la dimensión en modelos ecológicos?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Ramos-Jiliberto

2004-12-01

Full Text Available In this work we discuss the ecological and mathematical significance of system's dimension in continuous-time population dynamics models. We show how the system's dimension reflects the ecological assumptions and affects both the spectrum of dynamic output and mathematical tractability of the models. We stress that the model dimension is not always the same as the number of state-variables, and we also present conditions under which the system's dimension is alteredEn este trabajo discutimos la significación ecológica y matemática de la dimensión del sistema en modelos de dinámica poblacional en tiempo continuo. Mostramos cómo la dimensión del sistema refleja los supuestos ecológicos y afecta el espectro de resultados dinámicos así como la tratabilidad matemática de los modelos. Acentuamos que la dimensión de un modelo no es siempre equivalente al número de variables de estado, y presentamos condiciones bajo las cuales la dimensión del sistema es alterada.

Criando contextos ecológicos de desenvolvimento e direitos humanos para adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Lazzaretti de Souza

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Neste estudo descreve-se a aplicação do método de Inserção Ecológica em um programa de intervenção para educação em direitos humanos e protagonismo juvenil para adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. A criação de um microssistema constituído pelos participantes e pela equipe executora do programa resulta em mudanças positivas de comportamento e respeito às regras, entre outros. Estas transformações surgem em consonância com a proposta da Abordagem Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, sobre a influência do ambiente. Este estudo reforça a importância da aplicação dos resultados em políticas públicas e sociais.

An Adaptive Cultural Algorithm with Improved Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Sonar Image Detection.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xingmei; Hao, Wenqian; Li, Qiming

2017-12-18

This paper proposes an adaptive cultural algorithm with improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (ACA-IQPSO) to detect the underwater sonar image. In the population space, to improve searching ability of particles, iterative times and the fitness value of particles are regarded as factors to adaptively adjust the contraction-expansion coefficient of the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO). The improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IQPSO) can make particles adjust their behaviours according to their quality. In the belief space, a new update strategy is adopted to update cultural individuals according to the idea of the update strategy in shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). Moreover, to enhance the utilization of information in the population space and belief space, accept function and influence function are redesigned in the new communication protocol. The experimental results show that ACA-IQPSO can obtain good clustering centres according to the grey distribution information of underwater sonar images, and accurately complete underwater objects detection. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed ACA-IQPSO has good effectiveness, excellent adaptability, a powerful searching ability and high convergence efficiency. Meanwhile, the experimental results of the benchmark functions can further demonstrate that the proposed ACA-IQPSO has better searching ability, convergence efficiency and stability.

Percepción local de los servicios ecológicos y de bienestar de la selva de la zona maya en Quintana Roo, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla Diana Infante Ramírez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio evalúa la percepción local sobre los servicios ecológicos y de bienestar de la selva en comunidades de la zona maya del centro de Quintana Roo. Se trabajó con seis unidades de paisaje, las cuales fueron delimitadas con la participación de habitantes de las comunidades y con una revisión de literatura. Para identificar los servicios que perciben las comunidades de la selva, se utilizaron entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas, observación participante, entrevistas a profundidad y talleres comunitarios. Los resultados muestran que los entrevistados identificaron servicios de provisión, de regulación y mantenimiento, y culturales. En particular, percibieron más servicios ecológicos en las unidades del “monte alto” y el “acahual de 20 años” o más, mientras que la “sabana” fue identificada como la que menos servicios les proporciona. Además, a partir de la teoría de los estudios de desarrollo, el estudio identifica las tres dimensiones del concepto de “bienestar humano”: la material, la relacional y la subjetiva, y logra presentar la relación de éstas con los servicios ecológicos percibidos por las comunidades estudiadas. Los resultados muestran una clara interacción sociedad maya-naturaleza y son útiles para orientar la toma de decisiones en el manejo de los recursos naturales, tanto a nivel comunitario como gubernamental.

Nueva especie del genero Buenoa Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, notonectidae con clave para especies y notas ecológicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Padilla Gil Dora N.

1992-06-01

Full Text Available Se incluyen las especies del género Buenoa encontradas en el Departamento de Cundinamarca con un rango altitudinal entre
los 1728 y 3000 m.s.n.m. y descipción de la especie Buenoa cucunubensis n. sp., además clave para determinar especies y algunos datos ecológicos.Four species of genus Buenoa are recorded from Cundinamarca province in Colombia, Buenos cucunubensis nov. spec. is
described. Also included are key to males, data on distribution and ecological information.

Anurans of the Reserva Ecológica da Michelin, Municipality of Igrapiúna, State of Bahia, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Camurugi, Felipe; Lima, Tasso Meneses; Mercês, Ednei de Almeida; Juncá, Flora Acuña

2010-01-01

We studied the richness and distribution of anuran species on different breeding sites at the Reserva Ecológica da Michelin (13° 50' S and 39° 10' W, approximately 90-400 m above sea level), Municipality of Igrapiúna, Bahia State, Brazil. The reserve includes fragments of Atlantic Rain Forest varying from 140 to 650 ha. Five types of environments were sampled: leaf litter inside forest fragments, streams inside forest fragments, dam on the edge of forest fragment, temporary pond inside forest...

A visão ecológica: uma teia na enfermagem La visión ecologica: un tejido en enfermería Ecologic view: a web in the nursing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estela Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro

2005-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de mudanças revolucionárias em conceitos de realidade ocasionadas pela física e pensamento modernos, nova e consistente visão do mundo surge, influenciada pela transição da física clássica para quântica. É propósito do estudo mostrar o pensamento de Capra favorecendo a disseminação do cuidado ecológico na enfermagem. O novo paradigma pode ser chamado de uma visão ecológica, a partir do entendimento de ecologia num sentido amplo e profundo. A saúde na visão holística e na teia de relações que compreende o pensamento ecológico exige do enfermeiro, em suas áreas de atividades uma percepção crítica concernente ao saber, saber-ser e saber-fazer, comprometido com transformações que afloraram das emoções, do encantamento, dos sentimentos, do cuidar da natureza como premissa para qualidade e existência da humanidade.A partir de los cambios revolucionarios en conceptos de realidad impulsados por la física y el pensamiento moderno, nueva y consistente visión del mundo surge, influenciada por la transición de la física clásica hacia quántica. El estudio se propone mostrar el pensamiento de Capra influenciado la diseminación del cuidado ecológico en enfermería. El nuevo paradigma puede ser llamado una visión ecológica, partiendo de la comprensión de la ecología en un sentido amplio y profundo. La salud, la visión holística del hombre y del tejido de relaciones que abarca el pensamiento ecológico, exige del enfermero en sus áreas de actividad, una percepción crítica en relación al saber, saber ser y saber hacer comprometidos con transformaciones, el afloramiento de las emociones, del encantamiento, de los sentimientos, del cuidado de la naturaleza como premisa para la calidad y existencia de la humanidad.From the revolutionary changes in reality concept, caused by physics and modern thoughts, new consistent vision of the world emerge and it is influenced from the classic physics to quantum physics

Revisando a inserção ecológica: uma proposta de sistematização Revisiting the ecological engagement: a proposal to systematization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laíssa Eschiletti Prati

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo descreve como os quatro conceitos-chave da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimeno Humano (processo, pessoa, contexto e tempo se fazem presentes na metodologia denominada Inserção Ecológica. Tem o objetivo de proporcionar algumas linhas de ação que podem auxiliar equipes de pesquisa na utilização desta proposta em seus projetos de pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma breve comparação entre a Inserção Ecológica e outras metodologias que valorizam o contexto da investigação, e que partem de referenciais teóricos diferentes. Além disso, são apresentados e discutidos estudos que utilizaram a Inserção Ecológia a fim de estabelecer alguns pontos em comum e definir aspectos que possam ser considerados características fundamentais a essa proposta metodológica.This article describes how the four key concepts of the Bioecological Theory of Human Development (process, person, context and time are present in the Ecological Engagement methodology. The goal is to provide some lines of action that may guide research teams to use this proposal in their projects. A brief comparison is performed between the Ecological Engagement and other methodologies, which value the concept of investigation and have distinct theoretical references. Moreover, other studies that used the Ecological Engagement are presented and discussed in order to establish some common points and to define aspects that may be considered as fundamental characteristics of this methodological proposal.

Sustentabilidade: mantra ou escolha moral? uma abordagem ecológico-econômica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clóvis Cavalcanti

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Qual é o tamanho ótimo da escala econômica que a natureza pode admitir? A questão requer que se esteja falando de uma situação em que a economia seja vista como subsistema do ecossistema. É assim que a economia ecológica percebe a realidade e é nessa óptica que se configura o conceito de sustentabilidade ecológica. O impacto ambiental do crescimento sobre os recursos e sumidouros da natureza tem que ser contido dentro de limites. A noção usual de sustentabilidade, porém, dá a impressão de se ter convertido numa espécie de mantra da atualidade, sem maior compromisso. Mudanças no sistema econômico são inevitáveis como forma de adaptação às restrições que o processo econômico confronta. Cabe indagar o que é que se deseja sustentar e em que escala de tempo. À sociedade cumpre escolher a mudança a se fazer: uma escolha moral.What is the optimum scale of the economy compatible with nature? This question asks for consideration of the economy as a subsystem of the ecosystem. Ecological economics adopts that perspective permitting that the concept of environmental sustainability be established. This implies that the environmental impact of growth on the source and sink functions of nature be contained within limits. The usual notion of sustainability, however, gives the impression of having been transformed into a kind of today's mantra, without serious obligations. Changes in the economic system are unavoidable as a means of adaptation to the restrictions that the economic process encounters. This requires knowing what it is to be sustained and in within which time scale. The duty of choosing the changes to be made must be ascribed to society: a moral choice.

Entre la economía política de Karl Marx y la economía ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julián Sabogal Tamayo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo intenta contribuir a la discusión sobre las diferencias y afinidades entre la economía política de Marx y la economía ecológica. Se centra en las diferencias de objetivos, de temas de estudio y de métodos. También señala los puntos de convergencia y la necesidad de la solidaridad y del aprendizaje mutuo.

De perceptos a frames: cognição ecológica e linguagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Henrique Duque

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, proponho uma abordagem ecológica de cognição e linguagem, demonstrando que os processos de conceptualização parecem emergir da interação organismo-ambiente. Tal abordagem cognitiva exige a coordenação dos dois extremos dessa emergência e a consideração de que o uso da linguagem inevitavelmente envolve tanto os processos iniciais de interação do organismo com o ambiente quanto as estruturas e os processos que emergem dessas interações. De acordo com a abordagem aqui proposta, desenvolvemos conceitos e reorientamos nossos pensamentos sobre o mundo por meio de um mecanismo conhecido como framing, isto é, o recurso discursivo-cognitivo de que dispomos para (remodelar circuitos neurais (ou frames.

Modernización ecológica y políticas ambientales: notas para un debate (Brasil).

OpenAIRE

Olivier, Alejandro Gabriel; Domínguez, Carlos Federico

2011-01-01

El propósito del presente artículo es explorar conceptualmente la teoría de la modernización ecológica. Se trata de demostrar que dicha teoría, inicialmente sustentada por autores tales como Joseph Huber y Marteen Jänicke, y con desarrollos conceptuales más complejos a partir de los trabajos de Arthur Mol y Gert Spaargarem, entre otros, puede conducir a una revisión sustancial en la percepción, en la formulación y en la implementación de las políticas ambientales. El artículo concluye con el ...

Caudal ecológico del río Chambas en la provincia Ciego de Ávila

OpenAIRE

Brown Manrique, Oscar; Gallardo Ballat, Yurisbel; Williams Harriote, Patricio W.; Torres Martínez, Yuneisi

2016-01-01

La investigación se desarrolló en el río Chambas de la provincia Ciego de Ávila con el objetivo de determinar el caudal ecológico mediante cinco metodologías: Curva de Permanencia de Caudales, Rafael Heras, Tennant, Franquet y Perímetro Mojado. Se analizó una serie de 21 años de gastos medios mensuales en el periodo comprendido de 1976 al 1986, obtenidos de la estación hidrométrica Puente Circuito Norte. Los principales resultados demostraron que los caudales promedios del río Chambas present...

PSICAMB: perfil de afinidade ecológica: um estudo sobre os indicadores da postura perante a natureza = Ecological affinity profile: a study on indicators of positions towards nature = Perfil de la conectividad ecológica: un estudio sobre los indicadores de posicionamiento frente a la naturaleza

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa, Daniele da Costa Cunha Borges

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve o objetivo de propor indicadores de um perfil de afinidade ecológica, avaliar sua relação com a importância dedicada à floresta amazônica e com a consideração do efeito das ações humanas na natureza. Participaram deste estudo 345 sujeitos, de ambos os sexos, com idade superior a 18 anos, das cidades de Manaus – AM e Ceres – GO. Os instrumentos deste estudo são compostos por escalas, que mediram dimensões cognitivas e afetivas na relação com a floresta amazônica e com a natureza no geral. Para análise dos dados foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias, regressões e análises de estrutura de similaridade. Os resultados indicaram que ao avaliar as relações de afeto para com a natureza, as crenças em relação ao ambiente natural e a consideração de consequências futuras é possível identificar uma estrutura que engloba um perfil de afinidade ecológica e um perfil utilitarista

CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique

Science.gov (United States)

Olivier, Chomette; Armante, Raymond; Crevoisier, Cyril; Delahaye, Thibault; Edouart, Dimitri; Gibert, Fabien; Nahan, Frédéric; Tellier, Yoann

2018-04-01

The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN), currently in phase C, is a joint cooperation between France and Germany on the development of a spatial Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) LIDAR (LIght Detecting And Ranging) to conduct global observations of atmospheric methane. This presentation will focus on the status of a LIDAR mission data simulator and processor developed at LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique), Ecole Polytechnique, France, for MERLIN to assess the performances in realistic observational situations.

A novel vibrotactile system for stimulating the glabrous skin of awake freely behaving rats during operant conditioning.

Science.gov (United States)

Devecioğlu, İsmail; Güçlü, Burak

2015-03-15

Rat skin is innervated by mechanoreceptive fibers similar to those in other mammals. Tactile experiments with behaving rats mostly focus on the vibrissal system which does not exist in humans. The aim of this study was to design and implement a novel vibrotactile system to stimulate the glabrous skin of behaving rats during operant conditioning. A computer-controlled vibrotactile system was developed for various tasks in which the volar surface of unrestrained rats' fore- and hindpaws was stimulated in an operant chamber. The operant chamber was built from off-the-shelf components. A highly accurate electrodynamic shaker with a novel multi-probe design was used for generating mechanical displacements. Twenty-five rats were trained for four sequential tasks: (A) middle-lever (trial start signal) press, (B) side-lever press with an associated visual cue, (C) similar to (B) with the addition of an auditory/tactile stimulus, (D) auditory/tactile detection (yes/no) task. Out of 9 rats which could complete the tactile version of this training schedule, 5 had over 70% accuracy in the tactile version of the detection task. Unlike actuators for stimulating whiskers, this system does not require a particular head/body alignment and can be used with freely behaving animals. The vibrotactile system was found to be effective for conditioning freely behaving rats based on stimuli applied on the glabrous skin. However, detection accuracies were lower compared to those in tasks involving whisker stimulation reported previously, probably due to differences in cortical processing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cardiorespiratory physiological phenotypic plasticity in developing air-breathing anabantid fishes (Betta splendens and Trichopodus trichopterus).

Science.gov (United States)

Mendez-Sanchez, Jose F; Burggren, Warren W

2017-08-01

Developmental plasticity of cardiorespiratory physiology in response to chronic hypoxia is poorly understood in larval fishes, especially larval air-breathing fishes, which eventually in their development can at least partially "escape" hypoxia through air breathing. Whether the development air breathing makes these larval fishes less or more developmentally plastic than strictly water breathing larval fishes remains unknown. Consequently, developmental plasticity of cardiorespiratory physiology was determined in two air-breathing anabantid fishes ( Betta splendens and Trichopodus trichopterus ). Larvae of both species experienced an hypoxic exposure that mimicked their natural environmental conditions, namely chronic nocturnal hypoxia (12 h at 17 kPa or 14 kPa), with a daily return to diurnal normoxia. Chronic hypoxic exposures were made from hatching through 35 days postfertilization, and opercular and heart rates measured as development progressed. Opercular and heart rates in normoxia were not affected by chronic nocturnal hypoxic. However, routine oxygen consumption M˙O2 (~4  μ mol·O 2 /g per hour in normoxia in larval Betta ) was significantly elevated by chronic nocturnal hypoxia at 17 kPa but not by more severe (14 kPa) nocturnal hypoxia. Routine M˙O2 in Trichopodus (6-7  μ mol·O 2 /g per hour), significantly higher than in Betta , was unaffected by either level of chronic hypoxia. P Crit , the PO 2 at which M˙O2 decreases as ambient PO 2 falls, was measured at 35 dpf, and decreased with increasing chronic hypoxia in Betta , indicating a large, relatively plastic hypoxic tolerance. However, in contrast, P Crit in Trichopodus increased as rearing conditions grew more hypoxic, suggesting that hypoxic acclimation led to lowered hypoxic resistance. Species-specific differences in larval physiological developmental plasticity thus emerge between the relatively closely related Betta and Trichopodus Hypoxic rearing increased hypoxic tolerance in

Diseño de un plan comunicacional para la industria de las curtiembres, basado en marketing ecológico

OpenAIRE

Rincón Alvarado, Mónica Lorena

2012-01-01

La trasformación y constante contaminación generada por las actuales empresas, ha generado un impacto en los consumidores que obliga a que las diferentes industrias apliquen cambios en sus actuales formas de producción, es por esto que a través del marketing ecológico se pretende implementar cambios que ayuden a que la industria de los cueros reduzca su actual impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

A lightweight telemetry system for recording neuronal activity in freely behaving small animals

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schregardus, D.S.; Pieneman, A.W.; ter Maat, A.; Brouwer, T.J.F.; Gahr, M.L.

2006-01-01

A miniature lightweight radio telemetric device is described which is shown to be suitable for recording neuronal activity in freely behaving animals. Its size (12 × 5 × 8 mm) and weight (1.0-1.1 g with batteries, 0.4-0.5 g without) make the device particularly suitable for recording neuronal units

Regionalización ecológica de la llanura costera norte de Nayarit, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Areli González García Sancho

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El estado de Nayarit se localiza al noroeste de la República Mexicana; en su territorio confluyen cuatro importantes Provincias Fisiográficas; Sierra Madre Oriental, Cinturón Volcánico Trans-Mexicano, Sierra Madre del Sur y la Llanura Costera del Pacífico. Cada una de ellas tiene un sustrato geológico específico como repuesta a una génesis diferente, estas características favorecen la existencia de marcadas diferencias de altura en distancias cortas y por tanto un potencial en la variedad geomorfológica y climática, estos aspectos son los responsables de la existencia de una diversidad de paisajes. La Llanura Costera del Pacífico ocupa un pequeño sector localizado al noroeste del estado y representa 445 069 ha, en esta superficie se hace una regionalización ecológica que tiene como punto de partida la caracterización de unidades geomorfopedológicas; de cobertura del terreno y uso del suelo. Con este fin se desarrolló un sistema de clasificación jerárquica que define ambientes, paisajes y subpaisajes geomorfológicos, a los cuales se asociaron datos edafológicos. Por otra parte, se realizó el levantamiento de cobertura y de uso del suelo mediante el empleo de ortofotos digitales, imágenes de satélite, cartografía temática (1:50 000, verificación de campo y descripción de puntos con barrena. Los resultados obtenidos se integraron y analizaron utilizando un sistema de información geográfica ArcView 3.2, de esta manera fue posible identificar 58 regiones ecológicas, agrupadas en 11 subpaisajes, cuatro paisajes geomorfológicos y dos regiones geomorfológicas.

CH4 IPDA Lidar mission data simulator and processor for MERLIN: prototype development at LMD/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olivier Chomette

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The MEthane Remote sensing Lidar missioN (MERLIN, currently in phase C, is a joint cooperation between France and Germany on the development of a spatial Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA LIDAR (LIght Detecting And Ranging to conduct global observations of atmospheric methane. This presentation will focus on the status of a LIDAR mission data simulator and processor developed at LMD (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, France, for MERLIN to assess the performances in realistic observational situations.

L’Ecole Sucrière Belge de Glons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hendrik Deelstra

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The Belgian sugar school of Glons This article deals with the start in 1889 and the evolution till 1914 of the first Sugar technical school in Belgium located in Glons-Liège. In the literature on the history of sciences in Belgium this school has been unjustly neglected or forgotten. This is probably due to the total destruction of the archives in 1917 by the German occupiers. The history of the creation of a School for sugar chemists and technicians goes back to the early 1880’s, when the need was realised for the creation of such a High Technical School, to support and improve the most important agro-industrial industry in Belgium: the beet-sugar production. However there was at that time no consensus how to create and organize such an Institute. In 1889, E. Nihoul started in Glons a private sugar technical school for the direct training of specialists for all functions in the sugar industry, especially that of sugar chemists. This article describes the history of this school from 1889 till 1914. The school rapidly gained a great reputation and became extremely attractive for students outside Belgium. During the period 1900 till 1914 the school produced 251 qualified specialists of which 80% were foreigners. The school moved to Liège in 1917 and after 1932 involved in fusions with different Technical High Schools to form the now well-known ‘Hautes Ecoles Rennequin Sualem’ in Liège.

Nucleation in tropical ecological restoration A nucleação na restauração ecológica de ecossistemas tropicais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ademir Reis

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Ecological theories of facilitation and nucleation are proposed as a basis for environmental restoration in tropical ecosystems. The main goal of this paper is to present restoration techniques based on the concept of nucleation, in which small nuclei of vegetation are established within a degraded land. The nucleation techniques (artificial shelters for animals, planting of herbaceous shrub life forms, soil and seed bank translocation, seed rain translocation, soil and seed rain translocation's seedling set, artificial perches, planting of native trees in groups, and ecological stepping-stones with functional groups promote the landscape connectivity on two flows: inward: receiver connectivity and outward: donor connectivity. The nuclei development represents an alternative for restoration by prioritizing the natural processes of succession. This methodology appears to take long to generate vegetation corresponding to tropical climates, but is fundamental in the formation of communities capable of acting, in the future, as a new functional nuclei within the current fragmented landscape. This strategy also encourages greater integration between the theories and projects of ecological restoration for the development of human resources and to benefit the restoration practitioner.As teorias ecológicas da facilitação e nucleação são propostas como base para a restauração ambiental de ecossistemas tropicais. Nesse "Ponto de Vista" apresentam-se técnicas de restauração fundamentadas no conceito de nucleação, onde pequenos núcleos de vegetação são implantados em uma área degradada. As técnicas de nucleação (abrigos artificiais para animais, plantio de espécies herbáceo-arbustivas, transposição de solo e banco de sementes, transposição de chuva de sementes, blocos de mudas procedentes de transposição de solo e chuva de sementes, poleiros artificiais, plantio de árvores nativas em grupos de Anderson, e trampolins ecol

Crítica ecológica al concepto de Desarrollo y nuevas alternativas desde América Latina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo derivado de investigación analiza el concepto de Desarrollo desde sus orígenes, presentando la crítica ecológica a este concepto, en especial por parte de la teoría del decrecimiento, muestra algunas contribuciones de los pueblos originarios a las constituciones de países de tendencia de izquierda en América Latina en los años recientes y problematiza la actual inserción de América Latina en el comercio internacional. Se encontró que contrarrestar a la fuerza económica, política y discursiva del agronegocio y del “progreso”, apoyado en el “desarrollo” no es algo simple. En América Latina hay tensiones entre el concepto de desarrollo convencional e intentos por construir un nuevo camino, un camino latinoamericano. Hay resistencias entre la (reprimarización y la inserción internacional de América Latina, también existen tensiones en el campo, conuna disputa entre el agronegocio como modelo de desarrollo, modernidad y progreso y otras formas de relacionarse con el medio ambiente y con el otro. Se concluye que desde América Latina es posible crear un nuevo camino, no necesariamente en aras de imitar el mundo desarrollado, sino considerando los limites ecológicos y sociales del capitalismo y las contribuciones de los pueblos originarios.

An Improved Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Elitist Breeding for Unconstrained Optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhen-Lun; Wu, Angus; Min, Hua-Qing

2015-01-01

An improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization with elitist breeding (EB-QPSO) for unconstrained optimization is presented and empirically studied in this paper. In EB-QPSO, the novel elitist breeding strategy acts on the elitists of the swarm to escape from the likely local optima and guide the swarm to perform more efficient search. During the iterative optimization process of EB-QPSO, when criteria met, the personal best of each particle and the global best of the swarm are used to generate new diverse individuals through the transposon operators. The new generated individuals with better fitness are selected to be the new personal best particles and global best particle to guide the swarm for further solution exploration. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted on a set of twelve benchmark functions. Compared with five state-of-the-art quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithms, the proposed EB-QPSO performs more competitively in all of the benchmark functions in terms of better global search capability and faster convergence rate.

Conhecimento ecológico tradicional no fragmento da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná: percepção ecológica dos pescadores Upper Paraná River floodplain fishermen’s traditional ecological knowledge: fishermen’s ecological feeling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Rosa Carvalho

2002-05-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento ecológico é uma sabedoria popular empírica acumulada pela prática de atividades em ambientes naturais. Alterações nos ecossistemas afetam o estoque dos recursos naturais explorados, bem como a prática tradicional deles dependente. Neste trabalho, é apresentado o conhecimento ecológico tradicional dos pescadores da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, regiões de Porto Rico (PR e Porto São José, Estado do Paraná. Um breve relato da teoria de fragmentação de habitats é apresentado, visto que esse ambiente está fragmentado pela construção de barragens de hidrelétricas. Três frases e um provérbio que revelam a dinâmica dos processos ecológicos dentre os pescadores foram anotados e confrontados com o conhecimento científico já reunido sobre a região. As frases demonstram uma interpretação popular em consonância com as descobertas científicas na planície. Essa sabedoria está ameaçada pela fragmentação da planície e pela perda da tradição, devido ao abandono da atividade pesqueira.The ecological knowledge is an empiric popular wisdom stored by the fishermen’s natural environmental practice. Changes in ecosystem affect the explored natural resources as well as the traditional practice dependent on them. This paper aims at presenting the upper Paraná river floodplain fishermen’s traditional ecological knowledge from Porto Rico (PR and Porto São José (PR regions. A brief comment on fragmentation theory is presented because of the floodplain fragmentation imposed by the construction of hydroelectric dams. Three phrases and one proverb, which reveal the dynamics of the fishermen’s ecological process, were registered and confronted with the scientific knowledge of the region. The phrases show a popular and traditional interpretation in agreement with the upper Paraná river floodplain scientific discoveries. The ecosystem fragmentation and loss of tradition, due to the fishery practice

Función ecológica de la Agricultura Familiar (AF) en la legislación argentina

OpenAIRE

Victoria, María Adriana

2017-01-01

Construir una nueva ruralidad en la región pasa por fortalecer la Agricultura Familiar (AF) y, a tales fines, los países están desarrollando políticas públicas y programas para estimular este sector fundamental del agro. Por ello, resulta necesario, analizar la función ecológica que cumple la AF en el contenido de la legislación, de aplicación en las provincias argentinas, a partir del marco doctrinario de la Multifuncionalidad de la agricultura (MFA) o Nueva ruralidad (NR) de la AF, a la luz...

Integración del turismo educativo en la formación de nuevas sociedades ecológicas

OpenAIRE

Hidalgo Arias, Karol; Sandí Delgado, Juan Carlos; Cruz Sancho, Steven

2014-01-01

Este artículo es producto de una investigación realizada a nivel de primaria y secundaria en centros educativos ubicados en los cantones de Pococí y Guácimo, Limón, Costa Rica. Donde el principal objetivo fue alcanzar una integración valida entre el turismo educativo y la formación de nuevas sociedades ecológicas. Con el fin de responder a los objetivos de este estudio, dicho trabajo se llevó a cabo mediante el diseño descriptivo y exploratorio, respondiendo a su vez al enfoque metodológi...

Índice de estado limnológico (IEL para evaluar las condiciones ecológicas de las ciénagas del Canal del Dique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Antonio Pinilla Agudelo

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Determinar el estado o salud ecológica de un ecosistema brinda herramientas útiles para su gestión y conservación. En Colombia no se han desarrollado índices que combinen en un solo parámetro las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas de los sistemas acuáticos, de manera que la evaluación de su estado ecológico ha sido fragmentaria o incompleta. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un Índice de Estado Limnológico (IEL para las ciénagas del Canal del Dique, ecosistemas sometidos a constante presión por parte de las comunidades humanas. Para la construcción de este índice multimétrico se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, se construyeron gráficas de calidad de las variables seleccionadas y se les asignaron valores de importancia. Se empleó la teoría de los multiatributos para construir el IEL, el cual considera 12 variables. Se diseñó una versión simplificada (IEL parcial - IELP en la que se excluyeron 4 de las variables biológicas. Finalmente, se construyó una escala de interpretación de los valores obtenidos con estos índices. El IEL y el IELP se aplicaron a las ciénagas del Canal del Dique para establecer su condición ecológica actual. Los datos muestran que el estado limnológico de la mayoría de ciénagas de esta región es aceptable, lo que sugiere que estos ecosistemas lénticos se encuentran dentro de los límites admisibles de funcionamiento, aunque no están excentos de procesos de deterioro.

The games economists play: Why economics students behave more selfishly than other students.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philipp Gerlach

Full Text Available Do economics students behave more selfishly than other students? Experiments involving monetary allocations suggest so. This article investigates the underlying motives for the economic students' more selfish behavior by separating three potential explanatory mechanisms: economics students are less concerned with fairness when making allocation decisions; have a different notion of what is fair in allocations; or are more skeptical about other people's allocations, which in turn makes them less willing to comply with a shared fairness norm. The three mechanisms were tested by inviting students from various disciplines to participate in a relatively novel experimental game and asking all participants to give reasons for their choices. Compared with students of other disciplines, economics students were about equally likely to mention fairness in their comments; had a similar notion of what was fair in the situation; however, they expected lower offers, made lower offers, and were less willing to enforce compliance with a fair allocation at a cost to themselves. The economics students' lower expectations mediated their allocation decisions, suggesting that economics students behaved more selfishly because they expected others not to comply with the shared fairness norm.

Estudio Ecológico de Cambios en el Paisaje del Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares (Madrid)

OpenAIRE

Escribano López, Álvaro

2010-01-01

El presente estudio se encuentra enmarcado dentro de la denominada Ecología del Paisaje, la cual se diferencia de la ecología tradicional por tener en consideración al patrón espacial (Turner y Gardner, 1990; Allen y Hoekstra, 1992). Como su propio nombre indica, la Ecología del Paisaje estudia al propio Paisaje, entendido éste como un conjunto de ecosistemas que interaccionan entre sí. Con mayor precisión, el Paisaje es un nivel de organización de los sistemas ecológicos superior al ecosiste...

Introducción a la Huella Ecológica. Aplicación al análisis de Sistemas agroganaderos

OpenAIRE

David Pérez Neira; Marta Soler Montiel

2012-01-01

La Huella Ecológica puede ser definida como un indicador biofísico que integra el conjunto de impactos que ejerce una comunidad sobre su entorno medido en términos de apropiación de ecosistemas -considerando tanto los recursos necesarios como los residuos generados para el mantenimiento de dicha comunidad. En los últimos años, en la literatura académica esta herramienta también se ha venido utilizando como indicador que mide de impacto asociado a productos, servicios o actividades económicas....

Las áreas naturales protegidas y la investigación ecológica de largo plazo en México

OpenAIRE

M. Maass; E. Jardel; A. Martínez-Yrízar; L. Calderón; J. Herrera; A. Castillo; J. Euán-Ávila; M. Equihua

2010-01-01

Detrás de la actual crisis ambiental está nuestra limitada comprensión de los procesos ecológicos y sociales que operan a escalas espaciotemporales amplias. Esta falta de conocimiento ha desencadenado fallos en los esquemas de manejo y utilización de los servicios y recursos que nos brindan los ecosistemas naturales, lo que a su vez ha provocado su deterioro a escalas globales. Una respuesta de la comunidad académica a este vacío del conocimiento ha sido la formación de grupos de científicos ...

Proyecto de una industria de sidra natural ecológica en la localidad de Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia)

OpenAIRE

Aparicio Corada, Tamara

2016-01-01

Proyecto basado en el diseño e implantación de una industria destinada a la elaboración de sidra natural ecológica situada en el polígono II de la localidad de Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia) . Por las características de situación y comunicación de la zona se pretende ampliar el mercado en este sector y fomentar el desarrollo industrial en ella de una forma eficiente. Se trata de una pequeña industria con una producción alrededor de 10.000 botellas viéndose incrementada durante la vida ...

La perspectiva ecológica y la hipermediatización social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Andrés Vizer

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La “ecología” de los medios no debe ser concebida como una especie de entorno que nos rodea y del cual somos el “centro”, sino como un sistema de producción, circulación y consumo en el cual son los individuos, en tanto consumidores y (realimentadores del sistema, los que conforman su “entorno”. Un abordaje ecológico de los medios tradicionales (radio, cine y televisión introduce a los públicos consumidores como su entorno, y no al contrario (¿quién consume a quién?. Un entorno, un mercado que a través de prácticas de consumo realimenta al sistema de medios. Por otro lado, en los sistemas digitales, todos somos parte de él, no hay entorno externo, y cada acto de consumo es igualmente un acto de circulación y de producción. Para conocer la incidencia profunda de un dispositivo técnico (sea hard o soft, debemos indagar sobre las múltiples dimensiones interligadas e interactivas dentro del ambiente en el que opera: poder, resistencias, tiempo y espacio, socialidades, lenguajes, símbolos.

Pareto-Ranking Based Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiobjective Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Na Tian

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A study on pareto-ranking based quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO for multiobjective optimization problems is presented in this paper. During the iteration, an external repository is maintained to remember the nondominated solutions, from which the global best position is chosen. The comparison between different elitist selection strategies (preference order, sigma value, and random selection is performed on four benchmark functions and two metrics. The results demonstrate that QPSO with preference order has comparative performance with sigma value according to different number of objectives. Finally, QPSO with sigma value is applied to solve multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problems.

Adaptación de la metodología de cálculo de huella ecológica para los cultivos de palma africana usando sistemas de información geográfica: estudio de caso Puerto Wilches Santande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Ramírez Cano

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el municipio de Puerto Wilches el monocultivo de palma africana actualmente es un eje trasversal de la economía, modificando la diversidad de los ecosistemas y cultivos tradicionales de la zona. Por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación es medir y evaluar los impactos de los cultivos de palma africana en el lapso de 1987 a 2010 adaptando la metodología desarrollada por Mathis Wackernagel y William Rees y algunos aportes de los desarrollos realizados por Juan Luis Doménech, aunando a estos tecnología satelital e indicadores de biocapacidad y déficit ecológico para conocer los requerimientos de espacios y recursos naturales necesarios para la producción de los derivados de la palma. El análisis de la época arrojó para el año 1987 un indicador de huella ecológica con un valor de 1.255 ha/pc, biocapacidad del cultivo 0.470 ha/pc, déficit ecológico correspondiente a -0.785 ha/pc; se estima un valor del 16 % en cuanto a la producción y uso de recursos. Con relación a los indicadores de sostenibilidad, en 2010 se obtuvieron valores de huella ecológica de 5.492 ha/pc, biocapacidad 1.454 ha/pc y déficit ecológico de -4.038 ha/pc, cifras que evidencian los efectos originados por la implementación del monocultivo en la zona, que para la fecha aumento en un 63 % la producción y uso de recursos naturales. Por lo anterior, es necesario y urgente elaborar e implementar políticas de planificación territorial así como alternativas de producción económica para mejorar la calidad ambiental y social del municipio, deteniendo la acelerada antropización de la región.

Balancing the competing requirements of air-breathing and display behaviour during male-male interactions in Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens.

Science.gov (United States)

Alton, Lesley A; Portugal, Steven J; White, Craig R

2013-02-01

Air-breathing fish of the Anabantoidei group meet their metabolic requirements for oxygen through both aerial and aquatic gas exchange. Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens are anabantoids that frequently engage in aggressive male-male interactions which cause significant increases in metabolic rate and oxygen requirements. These interactions involve opercular flaring behaviour that is thought to limit aquatic oxygen uptake, and combines with the increase in metabolic rate to cause an increase in air-breathing behaviour. Air-breathing events interrupt display behaviour and increase risk of predation, raising the question of how Siamese fighting fish manage their oxygen requirements during agonistic encounters. Using open-flow respirometry, we measured rate of oxygen consumption in displaying fish to determine if males increase oxygen uptake per breath to minimise visits to the surface, or increase their reliance on aquatic oxygen uptake. We found that the increased oxygen requirements of Siamese fighting fish during display behaviour were met by increased oxygen uptake from the air with no significant changes in aquatic oxygen uptake. The increased aerial oxygen uptake was achieved almost entirely by an increase in air-breathing frequency. We conclude that limitations imposed by the reduced gill surface area of air-breathing fish restrict the ability of Siamese fighting fish to increase aquatic uptake, and limitations of the air-breathing organ of anabantoids largely restrict their capacity to increase oxygen uptake per breath. The resulting need to increase surfacing frequency during metabolically demanding agonistic encounters has presumably contributed to the evolution of the stereotyped surfacing behaviour seen during male-male interactions, during which one of the fish will lead the other to the surface, and each will take a breath of air. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Evaluación de requerimientos ecológicos para el diseño de regímenes ambientales de caudales fluviales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Manuel Diez-Hernández

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Las sociedades avanzadas medioambientalmente están reclamando progresivamente una gestión fluvial auténticamente integral, que implemente Planes de Manejo de Cuencas Hidrográficas fundamentados en el paradigma del Régimen Ambiental de Caudales (RAC. Este trabajo sugiere una metodología genérica para establecer RAC confiables, que posibiliten el aprovechamiento hídrico a un coste ecológico admisible. Adicionalmente, plantea los criterios y técnicas preferentes para la evaluación de los requerimientos ecosistémicos de caudal, los cuales componen el RAC mediante el Régimen de Caudales Ecológicos (RCE. La adaptación de estos procedimientos para los ríos de Colombia favorecerá la conservación de su valiosa biodiversidad. / The environmentally advanced societies are claiming progressively an authentically integral fluvial management, that implements Watershed Management Programs based on the paradigm of the Environmental Flows Regime (EFR. This work suggests a generic methodology for the reliable EFR setting, that facilitate the water use with an environmental acceptable cost. Additionally, it outlines the approaches and outstanding techniques for the evaluation of instream flow requirements, which constitute the EFR by means of the Instream Flow Regime (IFR. The adaptation of these approaches to the Colombian rivers will contribute to the conservation of their valuable biodiversity.

Do Students Behave Rationally in Multiple Choice Tests? Evidence from a Field Experiment

OpenAIRE

María Paz Espinosa; Javier Gardeazabal

2013-01-01

A disadvantage of multiple choice tests is that students have incentives to guess. To discourage guessing, it is common to use scoring rules that either penalize wrong answers or reward omissions. In psychometrics, penalty and reward scoring rules are considered equivalent. However, experimental evidence indicates that students behave differently under penalty or reward scoring rules. These differences have been attributed to the different framing (penalty versus reward). In this paper, we mo...

Fundamentos ecológicos y biogeográficos de la rareza de la avifauna madrileña: Una propuesta de modificación del catálogo regional de especies amenazadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carrascal, L. M.

2006-05-01

Full Text Available The conservation status of bird species of Comunidad de Madrid is analysed using the ecological breadth of the species, the distribution area, their habitat preferences, and maximum ecological densities in the region. The species which are less widely distributed in Madrid are characterized by their low maximum ecological densities, narrow habitat breadths, and limited distribution in the Iberian peninsular. Another component defining regional rarity shows that large-sized species tend to reach lower densities than small-sized birds. These two gradients of ecological rarity are closely associated with the current categories of threat status in Madrid, and allow the proposal and justification of possible modifications of the regional catalogue for 11 species.

Se analiza el estatus de conservación de todas las Aves de la Comunidad de Madrid utilizando parámetros ecológicos asociados con la valencia ecológica de las especies, la extensión de su área de distribución, sus preferencias de hábitat y las densidades máximas ecológicas en la región. Las especies menos ampliamente distribuidas en la C.A. de Madrid se caracterizan por sus bajas densidades ecológicas máximas, y por ocupar menor variedad de hábitats y tienen una distribución muy restringida a escala peninsular. Otra componente de la rareza regional se relaciona directamente con la talla corporal, de manera que las especies de mayor tamaño tienden a alcanzar menores densidades que las especies más pequeñas. Estos dos gradientes de rareza ecológica se asocian estrechamente con las actuales categorías oficiales de amenaza de las aves de Madrid, y permiten proponer y justificar posibles modificaciones al Catálogo regional para 11 especies (Cuchara Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Calamón Común – ‘De Interés Especial’; Alcaraván Común – ‘Sensible a la Alteración de su Hábitat’; Paloma Zurita – ‘De Interés Especial’; Torcecuello Euroasi

Use of mosses and lichens for regional mapping of 137Cs fallout from the Chernobyl accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steinnes, E.; Njaastad, O.

1992-01-01

The lichens Hypogymnia physodles and Cladonia stellaris and the moss Hylocomium splendens were studied for potential use af biomonitors of the regional distribution of 137 Cs fallout in Norway from the Chernobyl accident. While Hylocomium splendens and Cladonia stellaris showed reasonable mutual agreement, the activities recorded in the epiphytic species Hypogymnia physodes were not consistent with those of the other species, and depended strongly on whether sampling was carried out on conifers or birch. The geographical distribution of 137 Cs in the two former species was in satisfactory agreement with depostion figures obtained from analysis of surface soil, considering the heterogeneous depostion pattern of Chernobyl radioactivity. Both Hylocomium splendens and Cladonia stellaris appear well suited for regional mapping of 137 Cs fallout from nuclear accidents. Regional heavy metal deposition surveys employing Hylocomium splendens might be extended to include radionuclides if desirable. (au) (21 refs.)

Conhecimento ecológico tradicional sobre plantas cultivadas pelos pescadores da comunidade Estirão Comprido, Pantanal matogrossense, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Ferreira de Morais

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa situa-se no campo da etnoecologia e aborda o conhecimento ecológico tradicional (CET sobre plantas cultivadas na comunidade de Estirão Comprido, rio Cuiabá, Barão de Melgaço, Pantanal matogrossense. Foram entrevistados 22 pescadores para a elaboração da lista livre de plantas. Para a análise da lista, foram utilizados: índice de saliência de Smith, análise de consenso cultural, similaridade e dissimilaridade com escalonamento multidimensional e técnica de empilhamento. O programa ANTHROPAC 4.0 foi utilizado para o tratamento estatístico dos dados. Por meio do índice de saliência de Smith, foram identificadas seis rupturas no domínio cultural sobre plantas cultivadas, concentrando-se em 116 etnoespécies. Laranja e milho foram citados com maior frequência e em primeiro lugar na lista, portanto, encontram-se na primeira ruptura da lista livre com índices de Smith 0,728 e 0,711, respectivamente. A análise de consenso cultural mostrou que o CET sobre plantas cultivadas caracteriza um consenso, concentrando-se em 18 etnoespécies. A análise de empilhamento evidenciou que o conhecimento sobre plantas está relacionado aos diferentes tipos de uso. Neste contexto, as possibilidades de uso e manejo aqui evidenciadas podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas destinadas à conservação da biodiversidade ecológica e cultural.

La economía ecológica y las formas de propiedad del manglar de la zona norte de Esmeraldas

OpenAIRE

Rosales Estupiñan, Mauricio

1995-01-01

Hay dos problemas urgentes por resolver en la zona norte de Esmeraldas: La pobreza de las comunidades locales, y la conversión (destrucción) de los manglares a camaroneras y sus externalidades. En la zona norte de Esmeraldas se encuentra el sistema de manglar comprendido entre los ríos Mataje y los alrededores de la desembocadura del río Santiago, con un extensión aproximada de 50.000 ha. Los manglares son un sistema ecológico abierto que interactúa con el mar, los estuarios, los esteros y la...

Estudios florísticos y ecológicos sobre las algas de agua dulce de turberas de Tierra del Fuego

OpenAIRE

Mataloni, María Gabriela

1994-01-01

En esta Tesis Doctoral se realizan diversas investigaciones florísticas y ecológicas sobre las algas de turberas de Sphagnum de la provincia de Tierra Fuego. Para ello se condijeron básicamente dos trabajos. en la primera parte se estudiaron ocho ojos de agua pertenecientes a siete turberas ubicadas en el sur de Tierra del Fuego. En cada una de ellas se muestrearon tanto el fitoplancton del agua libre como las algas que viven asociadas a Sphagnum a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental caracteri...

Análise ecológica dos acidentes e da violência letal em Vitória, ES

OpenAIRE

Bastos,Márcia de Jesus Rocha Pereira; Pereira,Jacira dos Anjos; Smarzaro,Dorian Chim; Costa,Everaldo Francisco; Bossanel,Regina Célia Lobo; Oliosa,Durvalina Maria Sesari; Pereira,Joseanny Gomes Poltronieri; Feitosa,Hideko Nagatani; Costa,Marcilene Favarato da; Oliveira,Fabiano José Pereira de; Fávero,Juliana Lopes; Maciel,Ethel Leonor Noia

2009-01-01

OBJETIVO: Analisar o contexto socioeconômico e sua relação com a incidência espacial da mortalidade devido à violência. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo do tipo ecológico no município de Vitória, ES, de 2000 a 2003, sobre a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por acidentes e violência, com base nas informações populacionais e socioeconômicas. Os dados sobre mortalidade foram relacionados a informações como local de residência da vítima, tipo de ocorrência, sexo e raça/cor. A análise das informa...

Estudos ecológicos preliminares e caracterização química dos Cnidaria da costa noroeste portuguesa

OpenAIRE

Gadelha, Juliana Rodrigues

2007-01-01

O levantamento de recursos em espécies marinhas em Portugal ainda é incipiente, considerando que este domínio de investigação tem sido amplamente desenvolvido noutros pontos do globo, pescas, química, bioquímica e farmacologia de organismos marinhos, de modo a obter informações sobre a química de produtos naturais e ecologia química de organismos marinhos derivadas destes organismos. São de realçar a importância das defesas químicas para as relações ecológicas de predação, comp...

Las áreas naturales protegidas y la investigación ecológica de largo plazo en México

OpenAIRE

Maass Moreno, Manuel; Jardel Peláez, Enrique; Martínez Yrízar, Angelina; Calderón Aguilera, Luis; Herrera Silveira, Jorge; Castillo Álvarez, Alicia; Euán Ávila, Jorge; Equihua Zamora, Miguel

2010-01-01

Detrás de la actual crisis ambiental está nuestra limitada comprensión de los procesos ecológicos y sociales que operan a escalas espacio-temporales amplias. Esta falta de conocimiento ha desencadenado fallos en los esquemas de manejo y utilización de los servicios y recursos que nos brindan los ecosistemas naturales, lo que a su vez ha provocado su deterioro a escalas globales. Una respuesta de la comunidad académica a este vacío del conocimiento ha sido la formación de grupos de científicos...

EFFICACY OF SOME COMMON AQUARIUM FISHES AS BIOCONTROL AGENT OF PREADULT MOSQUITOES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Ghosh

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Predation experiment using Betta splendens, Pseudotropheus tropheops, Osphronemus gorami and Pterophyllum scalare   were conducted against IVth instar Anopheline larvae and pupae with varying prey and predator densities. Ranking of individual predatory efficacy showed the sequence: P. tropheops > B. splendens > O. gorami > P. scalare against larva/form and B. splendens > O. gorami > P. tropheops > P. scalare against pupal form of Anopheles stephensi during 24 hours experiment in laboratory condition. Predation under co-existence in interspecific and intraspecific combinations revealed the significance of predatory efficacy with reference to prey density and water volume (search area.

Determinación de la Huella de Carbono de productos agrícolas en una finca de agricultura ecológica

OpenAIRE

ROIG BENEDITO, MIGUEL

2017-01-01

[ES] La necesidad de paliar el cambio climático hace necesario reducir las emisiones absolutas en todos los sectores, incluso en la agricultura. La determinación de la Huella de Carbono en los productos permite estimar las emisiones de GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero) durante el ciclo de vida de los productos agrícolas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los distintos gases de efecto invernadero que se producen en una explotación de agricultura ecológica. Para ello s...

Contradições da política ambiental por meio de incentivos financeiros: os casos do ICMS ecológico e da CFEM nos municípios do Quadrilátero Ferrífero (Minas Gerais, Brasil)

OpenAIRE

Euclydes, Ana Carolina Pinheiro

2013-01-01

A partir do levantamento dos valores recebidos pelos municípios situados na região do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, em Minas Gerais, em decorrência do ICMS Ecológico, repassado pelo Estado e da Compensação Financeira pela Exploração de Recursos Minerais (CFEM) recebida da União, este artigo relativiza o potencial do ICMS Ecológico para incentivar os municípios mineradores a criarem ou apoiarem unidades de conservação (UCs) em seus territórios. Nesta discussão, trazem-se à tona avaliações técnicas e...

Proyecto de inversión para la construcción de un Hostal Ecológico ubicado en el cantón General Villamil Playas a implementarse a partir del período 2010 – 2011, con participación de la comunidad

OpenAIRE

Tejada Vera, Mariuxi Angelina; Granda González, Cinthia Nathaly

2011-01-01

En la actualidad las personas desean encontrar lugares donde puedan admirar y recrearse con la naturaleza, la flora, la fauna, estudiar, disfrutar tanto con estos elementos naturales, como con la cultura humana propia del lugar es por eso que ahora el turismo ecológico ofrece una mejor calidad de vida para las personas en relación al medio ambiente. El turismo ecológico a nivel mundial es una corriente que desarrolla una actividad conservacionista del patrimonio de los pueblos, las investigac...

The olfactory tubercle encodes odor valence in behaving mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Gadziola, Marie A; Tylicki, Kate A; Christian, Diana L; Wesson, Daniel W

2015-03-18

Sensory information acquires meaning to adaptively guide behaviors. Despite odors mediating a number of vital behaviors, the components of the olfactory system responsible for assigning meaning to odors remain unclear. The olfactory tubercle (OT), a ventral striatum structure that receives monosynaptic input from the olfactory bulb, is uniquely positioned to transform odor information into behaviorally relevant neural codes. No information is available, however, on the coding of odors among OT neurons in behaving animals. In recordings from mice engaged in an odor discrimination task, we report that the firing rate of OT neurons robustly and flexibly encodes the valence of conditioned odors over identity, with rewarded odors evoking greater firing rates. This coding of rewarded odors occurs before behavioral decisions and represents subsequent behavioral responses. We predict that the OT is an essential region whereby odor valence is encoded in the mammalian brain to guide goal-directed behaviors. Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/354515-13$15.00/0.

Estado ecológico de algunos humedales colombianos en los últimos 15 años: una evaluación prospectiva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Pablo Rodríguez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Los humedales desempeñan un papel fundamental desde una perspectiva ecológica y socioeconómica. Contrario a la idea ya obsoleta de lugares insalubres y de poca productividad, hoy son considerados ecosistemas estratégicos, amortiguadores de crecientes, sitios especiales de conservación de biota y cruciales por los servicios ecosistémicos que prestan. Partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica referente al estado ecológico de los humedales en Colombia en los últimos 15 años, se analizó cuáles son los factores, problemáticas e impactos más frecuentes y comunes que se presentan en 29 humedales colombianos. Se aplicó una metodología prospectiva, mediante el software MICMAC®, con el fin de conocer y priorizar los factores que son más sensibles a la transformación del ecosistema y sobre los cuales habría que tomar acciones de mitigación, preservación y/o conservación. Se encontró que los procesos urbanísticos son un factor de alto impacto en el deterioro del humedal. Se pudo comprobar la potencialidad y robustez del software MICMAC® como herramienta de análisis prospectivo, lo cual podría ser usado por las autoridades ambientales para mejorar la toma de decisiones respecto a qué hacer, cómo actuar y qué esperar de los factores y problemáticas que se presentan en los humedales.

Reciclo-óleo: do óleo de cozinha ao sabão ecológico, um projeto de educação ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Isabel Morgan Martins

2016-10-01

Full Text Available O consumo de óleo faz parte do dia-a-dia das famílias, restaurantes, indústrias e com ele o descarte incorreto do óleo de cozinha usado (OCU se torna um grave problema ambiental. Quando despejado no lixo comum impermeabiliza e contamina o solo, porque a decomposição aumenta o efeito estufa, na rede de esgoto compromete as tubulações das residências e das cidades e ao atingir os rios forma uma película na água que impede a passagem de luz e oxigênio a flora e a fauna aquática. Objetivo: é promover a educação ambiental para o descarte correto e a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha usado, transformando-o em sabão em barra ecológico, gerando renda e sustentabilidade. Método/ atividades de extensão: o projeto apresenta duas linhas bem definidas à educação ambiental e o desenvolvimento de receitas que transformam do OCU em sabão em barra ecológico. O projeto educa para a consciência e responsabilidade ambiental a diferentes grupos da comunidade, ensina e orienta a importância de dar o destino correto ao OCU, bem como, a reciclagem com sustentabilidade, criando alternativa de geração de renda. Desde 2010, as oficinas foram realizadas em diferentes bairros, escolas e empresas dos municípios da grande Porto Alegre, RS. As receitas foram desenvolvidas no laboratório do campus da ULBRA Gravataí, e apresentam baixo custo, para a fabricação “caseira” do sabão ecológico. O primeiro processo é educar com consciência ambiental. Considerações finais: o reciclo-óleo contribui para o combate à poluição e manutenção dos recursos naturais. Portanto, com ações de educação em saúde é possível refletir positivamente na preservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para a promoção da saúde das cidades.

Concepções de agricultores ecológicos do Paraná sobre alimentação saudável

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erica Ell

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as concepções de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentação saudável. MÉTODOS: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2007, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com o apoio de um roteiro com 11 mulheres e um homem residentes em comunidade agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, PR, selecionados aleatoriamente dentre as 20 famílias de agricultores ecológicos desse município. RESULTADOS: Três categorias de análise foram identificadas: "tomada de consciência da alimentação saudável", "capacidade de compra" e "terra saudável". O significado da alimentação saudável para as mulheres agricultoras envolve a ideia de que os alimentos devem ser naturais, sem agrotóxicos nem produtos químicos industrializados. Cotidianamente o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes somado ao básico feijão, arroz e carne deve ser abundante e a composição do prato deve visar à prevenção de obesidade e doenças crônico-degenerativas. O cuidado com os recursos naturais para garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e a vida futura do planeta integram o conceito de alimentação saudável. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento, a autocrítica e o discernimento acompanharam as concepções em relação à alimentação saudável.

Hypothesis: solid tumours behave as systemic metabolic dictators.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Yang-Ming; Chang, Wei-Chun; Ma, Wen-Lung

2016-06-01

Current knowledge regarding mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human beings centres around the accumulation of genetic instability, amplified cellular signalling, disturbed cellular energy metabolism and microenvironmental regulation governed by complicated cell-cell interactions. In this article, we provide an alternative view of cancer biology. We propose that cancer behaves as a systemic dictator that interacts with tissues throughout the body to control their metabolism and eventually homeostasis. The mechanism of development of this endocrine organ-like tumour (EOLT) tissue might be the driving force for cancer progression. Here, we review the literature that led to the development of this hypothesis. The EOLT phenotype can be defined as a tumour that alters systemic homeostasis. The literature indicates that the EOLT phenotype is present throughout cancer progression. The feedback mechanism that governs the interaction between tumours and various organs is unknown. We believe that investigating the mechanism of EOLT development may advance the current knowledge of regulation within the tumour macroenvironment and consequently lead to new diagnostic methods and therapy. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

El plan director de la vega baja de Toledo, España: paisaje patrimonial, ecológico y urbano.

OpenAIRE

Hernandez Aja, Agustin; Roch Peña, Fernando; Moran Alonso, Nerea; Fernandez Ramirez, Cristina

2014-01-01

La Vega Baja de Toledo constituye un gran vacío urbano que, por avatares históricos, se ha mantenido al margen del crecimiento de la ciudad, rodeada por el casco histórico de Toledo, los barrios del ensanche norte y el río Tajo. Su localización privilegiada, junto a la riqueza patrimonial y ecológica del espacio, han sido las bases de la propuesta del Plan Director de la Vega Baja (PDVB). El objetivo del PDVB ha sido articular este vacío y abrirlo a la población, a la vez que proteger y re...

Optimasi Penempatan Menara BTS Menggunakan Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamad Fatkhur Rohman

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Universal Mobile Telecomunication System (UMTS saat ini dipandang sebagai sebuah sistem impian yang menggantikan Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM dan merupakan salah satu evolusi generasi ketiga (3G dari jaringan mobile. Salah satu komponen pendukung jaringan UMTS adalah Node B, Node B dapat dianalogikan sebagai BTS. Seiring perkembangan kebutuhan pelanggan yang semakin meningkat, kebutuhan akan BTS(Node B semakin bertambah, hal ini menyebabkan banyaknya jumlah menara BTS da menyebabkan pemandangan yang kurang bagus bagi visualisasi kota.oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan optimisasi penempatan menara BTS. Salah satu metode untuk mengoptimasi adalah Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization. Maka dalam penelitian ini akan dirancang simulasi optimasi penempatan BTS menggunakan QPSO dengan parameter yang akan dioptimasi adalah Coverage Area dan Trafik. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, Algoritma QPSO mampu mengurangi jumlah BTS dari 55 BTS menjadi 43 BTS.

Using a Popular Pet Fish Species to Study Territorial Behaviour

Science.gov (United States)

Abante, Maria E.

2005-01-01

The colourful, vigorous territorial display behaviour of the Siamese fighting fish, "Betta splendens", has great appeal for both pet enthusiasts and animal behaviourists. Their beauty, longevity, easy maintenance and rearing make them a popular pet and an ideal science laboratory specimen. This investigation utilises "B. splendens" to test for the…

O marketing ecológico como vantagem competitiva Green marketing as a competitive advantage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Luís Stirbolov Motta

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A competição entre as organizações existe basicamente porque um ou mais players atuais ou potenciais, de um determinado setor econômico, percebem a oportunidade de melhorar sua posição (ou estabelecê-la ou se sentem pressionados por outro player, ou seja, os movimentos de uma empresa repercutem nas demais, numa relação de interdependência. Dessa forma, é constante a busca por alternativas que permitam o desenvolvimento empresarial. Este trabalho aponta um caminho que há algum tempo vem sendo percorrido por empresas, mas apenas nos últimos anos vem ganhando destaque nos meios de comunicação e na consciência dos indivíduos: a gerência de ações de marketing ecológico. A partir dos dados de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada na cidade de São Paulo e dos modelos de vantagem competitiva de Porter e de D'Aveni, pôde-se constatar que a prática de marketing ecológico pelas empresas pode constituir vantagem competitiva, não obstante o fato de esse fenômeno não ocorrer atualmente, pois tanto o conhecimento sobre as questões ambientais quanto as atitudes positivas em relação à preservação ambiental já estão presentes nos consumidores.Organizational competition exists because players or potential ones in an economic sector perceive an opportunity to improve or establish their position and may feel pressured by others. Therefore actions of one company have repercussions on the others, disclosing interdependence. As such, there is a constant pursuit for alternatives that foster company development. This article highlights the management of ecological marketing, an approach that companies have accompanied for some time and which only in recent years has attracted the attention of media and individuals. Based upon an exploratory survey made in the city of São Paulo as well as models of competitive advantage by Porter and D'Aveni, it was shown that green marketing may be of advantage. Although this is not a current practice

Laudato Si” La Encíclica ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Bettina Villalobos

2015-07-01

Full Text Available El pasado 18 de junio el Papa Francisco de la iglesia Católica Romana, dio a conocer la Encíclica “ Laudato Si” (Alabado sea el Creador, tomado del Cántico de las Criaturas de San Francisco de Asís, reconocido como el patrono de la Ecología. Esta Carta Magisterial, representa un llamado de atención no solo a los cristianos católicos, sino a todos sin importar credo religioso o raza, pues es el llamado a recordar que este planeta es el único que habitamos, es el único que tenemos y que nuestra permanencia en él como humanidad, depende de cuánto lo respetemos y cuidemos. Más que una visión ecológica del grave problema que afrenta la humanidad por el calentamiento global, contaminación de las aguas, agotamiento de las tierras cultivables, es que toda esta problemática recae en una buena parte de la población más pobre del planeta. Urge por lo tanto un cambio de ruta en la vida de los humanos que nos permita ofrecer a las generaciones futuras un lugar habitable, limpio, en paz. Es por ello que esta encíclica propone un diálogo entre todos para afrontar y resolver los problemas que no distinguen, entre países, religiones o razas. Es una gran convocatoria a todo el mundo en pro del cuidado de la Naturaleza, la fragilidad de las interrelaciones que existen entre los factores bióticos y abióticos, que permiten la sustentabilidad de la vida y su evolución

Solving Bilevel Multiobjective Programming Problem by Elite Quantum Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tao Zhang

2012-01-01

Full Text Available An elite quantum behaved particle swarm optimization (EQPSO algorithm is proposed, in which an elite strategy is exerted for the global best particle to prevent premature convergence of the swarm. The EQPSO algorithm is employed for solving bilevel multiobjective programming problem (BLMPP in this study, which has never been reported in other literatures. Finally, we use eight different test problems to measure and evaluate the proposed algorithm, including low dimension and high dimension BLMPPs, as well as attempt to solve the BLMPPs whose theoretical Pareto optimal front is not known. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is a feasible and efficient method for solving BLMPPs.

Modelo integrado das pegadas hídrica, ecológica e de carbono para o monitoramento da pressão humana sobre o planetaAn integrated approach based on water, ecological and carbon footprint for tracking human pressure on the planet

OpenAIRE

de Paulo Rodrigues Silva, Vicente; de Oliveira Aleixo, Danilo; Silveira Rodrigues Almeida, Rafaela; Baracuy da Cunha Campos, João Hugo; Eloi de Araújo, Lincoln

2015-01-01

Modelos de pegadas de carbono ecológicos e de água estão sendo cada vez mais usado para monitorar uso pessoal e doméstico dos recursos naturais. As pegadas humanas são uma séria ameaça global e cada nação está olhando para as opções possíveis para reduzi-las pois suas conseqüências são alarmantes. Este trabalho propõe uma pegada integrada como ferramenta para avaliar os impactos ambientais diretos e indiretos da atividade humana. Com base nas definições das pegadas de carbono, hídrica e ecoló...

Preocupación y conducta ecológica responsable en estudiantes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre estudiantes chilenos y españoles

OpenAIRE

Palavecinos, Mireya; Amérigo, María; Ulloa, Jorge B.; Muñoz, Jaime

2016-01-01

RESUMEN Se discutirán los resultados de un estudio piloto, que forma parte de un proyecto mayor, orientado al análisis transcultural de la preocupación ambiental y su relación con la conducta ecológica. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del instrumento creado en España para probarlo en la realidad chilena, donde no se contaba con un instrumento pertinente que evaluara estos factores a nivel local. El método contempla la comparación de los resul...

La huella ecológica y los países andinos, una reflexión sobre la sustentabilidad y la biocapacidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deyanira Gómez

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La escasez de los recursos ha llevado a la reflexión respecto a la medición del desarrollo, que ya no puede ser medido únicamente en términos de crecimiento económico como lo hace el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB, sino que es necesario tomar en cuenta los recursos o capital natural con los que cuenta una determinada nación para que desde una perspectiva de sustentabilidad, pueda asegurar la calidad de vida de las generaciones futuras, esta herramienta se la conoce como la Huella Ecológica.

Compartimentação geoambiental no complexo de campo maior, PI: uma área de tensão ecológica

OpenAIRE

Barros,José Sidiney; Castro,Antônio Alberto Jorge Farias

2006-01-01

A região pesquisada, localizada numa área de tensão ecológica, foi submetida a estudos de compartimentação geoambiental de suas unidades, segundo pressupostos da teoria geossistêmica. A vegetação, em manchas ou capões, configura tipos fisionômicos com contatos abruptos ou gradacionais, instalados em solos submetidos a processos de lateritização e ferralitização. Foram analisadas relações entre solo, vegetação, estrutura, florística e diversidade em oito parcelas de 20m x 50m, registrando-se 4...

Rodent scope: a user-configurable digital wireless telemetry system for freely behaving animals.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Ball

Full Text Available This paper describes the design and implementation of a wireless neural telemetry system that enables new experimental paradigms, such as neural recordings during rodent navigation in large outdoor environments. RoSco, short for Rodent Scope, is a small lightweight user-configurable module suitable for digital wireless recording from freely behaving small animals. Due to the digital transmission technology, RoSco has advantages over most other wireless modules of noise immunity and online user-configurable settings. RoSco digitally transmits entire neural waveforms for 14 of 16 channels at 20 kHz with 8-bit encoding which are streamed to the PC as standard USB audio packets. Up to 31 RoSco wireless modules can coexist in the same environment on non-overlapping independent channels. The design has spatial diversity reception via two antennas, which makes wireless communication resilient to fading and obstacles. In comparison with most existing wireless systems, this system has online user-selectable independent gain control of each channel in 8 factors from 500 to 32,000 times, two selectable ground references from a subset of channels, selectable channel grounding to disable noisy electrodes, and selectable bandwidth suitable for action potentials (300 Hz-3 kHz and low frequency field potentials (4 Hz-3 kHz. Indoor and outdoor recordings taken from freely behaving rodents are shown to be comparable to a commercial wired system in sorting for neural populations. The module has low input referred noise, battery life of 1.5 hours and transmission losses of 0.1% up to a range of 10 m.

Impacto turístico, cultural e histórico del circuito turístico ecológico bolivariano Colombia-Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Segrera, José Rafael

2015-01-01

El desarrollo de la presente propuesta ha permitido identificar la necesidad que se tiene de dar inicio a la promoción del turismo histórico, a través del Circuito Turístico Bolivariano en los Distritos Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta y Federal de Caracas, a los que une la historia por ser las ciudades en las que nació el 24 de julio de 1783 y falleció el 17 de diciembre de 1830, el Libertador Simón Bolívar. El Circuito Turístico Ecológico Bolivariano Local dentro del Distri...

Think first job! Preferences and expectations of engineering students in a French `Grande Ecole'

Science.gov (United States)

Gerwel Proches, Cecile N.; Chelin, Nathalie; Rouvrais, Siegfried

2018-03-01

A career in engineering may be appealing owing to the prospect of a good salary and a dynamic work environment. There may, however, be challenges for students wishing to enter their first job. In engineering education, career preparation courses may be included so as to prepare students adequately for their first job, future careers, and to reinforce career decision-making skills. This study explored the first-job preferences and expectations of engineering students at a generalist French 'Grande Ecole' before their compulsory internship. The study ultimately provided insight into ways in which future engineers may best be equipped for their first jobs. A qualitative research study was employed, using four focus groups to collect data, which was analysed thematically. Key findings indicate the resolute importance that engineering students place on having a challenging job, teamwork, independence, opportunities for development, and a participative style of being managed. The research findings may be of value in order to renew an engineering curriculum with better alignment between students' expectations and industry needs.

Education based thinking and behaving? Towards an identity perspective for studying education differentials in public opinion and political participation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Spruyt, Bram; Kuppens, Toon

2015-01-01

Education based thinking and behaving? Towards and identity perspective for studying education differentials in public opinion and political participation Abstract Ever since scholars started studying public opinion and political behaviour, they have reported substantial educational differences.

Mamíferos silvestres de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel en Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. Wild mammals of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico, D.F.

OpenAIRE

Yolanda Hortelano-Moncada; Fernando A. Cervantes; Aída Trejo-Ortiz

2009-01-01

Se realizó un inventario de las especies de mamíferos que habitan en la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA). Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de registros de colecciones científicas, de recolectas recientes en el área y de consultas en literatura especializada. Los resultados comprenden 628 registros acumulados desde 1943 y corresponden a 33 especies, agrupadas en 28 géneros, 15 familias y 6 órdenes de mamíferos. La ardilla gris (Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens) y el ratón del ...

Flexible Coupling of Respiration and Vocalizations with Locomotion and Head Movements in the Freely Behaving Rat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joseph Andrews Alves

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Quadrupedal mammals typically synchronize their respiration with body movements during rhythmic locomotion. In the rat, fast respiration is coupled to head movements during sniffing behavior, but whether respiration is entrained by stride dynamics is not known. We recorded intranasal pressure, head acceleration, instantaneous speed, and ultrasonic vocalizations from male and female adult rats while freely behaving in a social environment. We used high-speed video recordings of stride to understand how head acceleration signals relate to locomotion and developed techniques to identify episodes of sniffing, walking, trotting, and galloping from the recorded variables. Quantitative analysis of synchrony between respiration and head acceleration rhythms revealed that respiration and locomotion movements were coordinated but with a weaker coupling than expected from previous work in other mammals. We have recently shown that rats behaving in social settings produce high rates of ultrasonic vocalizations during locomotion bouts. Accordingly, rats emitted vocalizations in over half of the respiratory cycles during fast displacements. We present evidence suggesting that emission of these calls disrupts the entrainment of respiration by stride. The coupling between these two variables is thus flexible, such that it can be overridden by other behavioral demands.

A portable telemetry system for brain stimulation and neuronal activity recording in freely behaving small animals.

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, Xuesong; Wang, Peng; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Shaomin; Jiang, Jun; Wang, Qingbo; Chen, Weidong; Zheng, Xiaoxiang

2008-09-30

A portable multi-channel telemetry system which can be used for brain stimulation and neuronal activity recording in freely behaving small animals is described here. This system consists of three major components of headstage, backpack and portable Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The headstage contains high precision instrument amplifiers with high input impedance. The backpack is comprised of two parts: (1) a main board (size: 36 mm x 22 mm x 3.5 mm and weight: 40 g with batteries, 20 g without), with current/voltage stimulator and special circuit suitable for neuronal activity recording and (2) and a bluetooth transceiver, with a high data transmission rate up to 70 kb/s, suitable for downloading stimulation commands and uploading acquired data. We recorded neuronal activities of the primary motor area of a freely behaving rat with 12-bit resolution at 12 k samples/s. The recorded data and analysis results showed that the system was successful by comparing with the commercial equipment Cerebus 128-Channel Data Acquisition System (Cyberkinetics Inc.). Using the PDA, we can control stimulation and recording. It provides a flexible method to do some research work in the circumstances where other approaches would be difficult or impossible.

Synthetic tactile perception induced by transcranial alternating-current stimulation can substitute for natural sensory stimulus in behaving rabbits.

Science.gov (United States)

Márquez-Ruiz, Javier; Ammann, Claudia; Leal-Campanario, Rocío; Ruffini, Giulio; Gruart, Agnès; Delgado-García, José M

2016-01-21

The use of brain-derived signals for controlling external devices has long attracted the attention from neuroscientists and engineers during last decades. Although much effort has been dedicated to establishing effective brain-to-computer communication, computer-to-brain communication feedback for "closing the loop" is now becoming a major research theme. While intracortical microstimulation of the sensory cortex has already been successfully used for this purpose, its future application in humans partly relies on the use of non-invasive brain stimulation technologies. In the present study, we explore the potential use of transcranial alternating-current stimulation (tACS) for synthetic tactile perception in alert behaving animals. More specifically, we determined the effects of tACS on sensory local field potentials (LFPs) and motor output and tested its capability for inducing tactile perception using classical eyeblink conditioning in the behaving animal. We demonstrated that tACS of the primary somatosensory cortex vibrissa area could indeed substitute natural stimuli during training in the associative learning paradigm.

Estudio de las especies de pulgones y sus enemigos naturales en una finca de horticultura ecológica en Alcàsser, Valencia

OpenAIRE

JIMÉNEZ PÉREZ, IRENE

2016-01-01

En la finca donde se ha realizado este estudio, el principal problema de plagas en los cultivos son los pulgones. Debido a la importancia de estos insectos y la gravedad de los daños que producen, se plantea el siguiente TFC que tiene como objetivos: 1. Identificar las diferentes especies de pulgón que podemos encontrar en determinadas plantas hortícolas a lo largo de un periodo de 6 meses en un cultivo ecológico en el municipio de Alcàsser, Valencia. 2. Determinar la densidad de poblac...

Indicadores ecológicos de hábitat y biodiversidad en un paisaje neotropical: perspectiva multitaxonómica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noel González-Valdivia

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El uso de especies indicadoras para caracterizar unidades ecológicas específicas es de gran importancia en la biología de la conservación/restauración. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar desde una perspectiva multitaxonómica, las especies que caracterizan distintas unidades de un paisaje. Así, se diferenciaron dos ecomosaicos: bosque tropical lluvioso y matriz agropecuaria con cuatro unidades de paisaje cada uno. Se incluyeron cuatro grupos biológicos: aves (muy móviles, mariposas frugívoras diurnas (moderadamente móviles, gasterópodos terrestres (poco móviles y árboles (sésiles. La eficiencia de muestreo en los ecomosaicos fue ≥86%. Se registraron 50 especies de moluscos, 74 de mariposas, 218 de aves y 172 de árboles, totalizando 514 especies. Mediante ordenamiento y agrupamiento, se diferenciaron tres tipos de hábitats: bosque tropical lluvioso, vegetación secundaria y potreros con árboles. Aplicando el método InVal (≥50%, se identificaron 107 especies indicadoras, de las cuales 45 fueron árboles, 38 aves, 14 mariposas y diez gasterópodos. De éstas, 35 especies de árboles, diez de aves, cuatro de mariposas y ocho de gasterópodos son indicadoras del bosque. Diez, veintiocho, diez y dos especies (de cada grupo respectivamente caracterizaron a la matriz agropecuaria. En el bosque, los gasterópodos Carychium exiguum, Coelocentrum turris, Glyphyalinia aff. indentata y Helicina oweniana se correlacionaron significativamente (p<0.05 con 90% de las especies indicadoras. Estos gasterópodos pueden, además de diferenciar la calidad del hábitat, ser indicadoras de la biodiversidad del bosque. La vegetación secundaria representó una fase intermedia de perturbación que propicia alta riqueza en la matriz agropecuaria. De manera que se aporta una perspectiva multitaxonómica que incluye el papel de la mesofauna en el monitoreo ecológico de agropaisajes.

La restauración ecológica participativa: Una visión juvenil desde el territorio de Ciudad Bolívar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shirley Eliana Camacho-Ballesteros

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Ciudad Bolívar, una localidad de la ciudad de Bogotá, ha aumentado su población de forma acelerada en las últimas décadas, ya que constituye un centro de confluencia para el asentamiento de las personas que emigran de las zonas rurales, principalmente por la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades o un refugio contra la violencia y el desplazamiento forzado. Tal situación implica el uso de los recursos naturales y territorios de acuerdo con las necesidades en un corto plazo, así como la falta de planificación en el desarrollo de la localidad, por lo cual se establecen en territorios desprovistos de los ambientes naturales, con una menor calidad de vida y de salud, y problemas constantes que surgen dentro de la población. Sin embargo, la niñez y la juventud que viven en estos entornos complejos surgen de la desesperanza, impulsando alternativas y anhelos como una contribución para mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta joven población constituyen los sujetos principales de este artículo teórico, ya que se enfrentan y proponen el tema de la restauración ecológica participativa como mecanismo de planificación, la memoria y la construcción de mejores condiciones para la vida. Desde su experiencia y punto de vista reflexivo, surge una propuesta sobre dónde y cómo llevar a cabo el proceso de restauración ecológica, como una suma de acciones para el fortalecimiento de los valores territoriales y ambientales.

Metodología para determinar la huella ecológica de la construcción de edificios de uso residencial en España

OpenAIRE

Solís-Guzmán, Jaime

2013-01-01

La actividad constructora es en la actualidad una gran consumidora de recursos naturales. Para evaluar este consumo de recursos generalmente se han empleado metodologías relacionadas con el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida. Se plantea en esta comunicación la integración del indicador Huella Ecológica (HE) en el sector edificación, para observar las dificultades y las ventajas que puede generar respecto a otros indicadores. Para ello, se pretende adaptar los conocimientos previos relacionados con el ...

El Plan Director de La Vega Baja de Toledo, España: Paisaje patrimonial, ecológico y urbano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustín Hernández Aja

2014-11-01

El planteamiento general del PDVB ha sido tratar el espacio como un continuo abierto, una sucesión de paisajes con su propio carácter, que alberguen distintos usos y funciones: Desde el jardín clásico que rodearía al circo romano, llegando hasta el río, con una vegetación, mobiliario y recorridos acordes con las ruinas existentes; pasando por el jardín patrimonial del yacimiento, para el que se proponen plantaciones e itinerarios efímeros que cambien a la par que avanzan las excavaciones; hasta el paisaje más puramente agrícola del vivero o paisaje de ribera, de gran valor ecológico en relación con la fauna aviar.

Contrasting response of coexisting plant’s water-use patterns to experimental precipitation manipulation in an alpine grassland community of Qinghai Lake watershed, China

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xiao-Yan; He, Bin; Liu, Jinzhao; Jiang, Zhiyun; Zhang, Cicheng

2018-01-01

Understanding species-specific changes in water-use patterns under recent climate scenarios is necessary to predict accurately the responses of seasonally dry ecosystems to future climate. In this study, we conducted a precipitation manipulation experiment to investigate the changes in water-use patterns of two coexisting species (Achnatherum splendens and Allium tanguticum) to alterations in soil water content (SWC) resulting from increased and decreased rainfall treatments. The results showed that the leaf water potential (Ψ) of A. splendens and A. tanguticum responded to changes in shallow and middle SWC at both the control and treatment plots. However, A. splendens proportionally extracted water from the shallow soil layer (0–10cm) when it was available but shifted to absorbing deep soil water (30–60 cm) during drought. By contrast, the A. tanguticum did not differ significantly in uptake depth between treatment and control plots but entirely depended on water from shallow soil layers. The flexible water-use patterns of A.splendens may be a key factor facilitating its dominance and it better acclimates the recent climate change in the alpine grassland community around Qinghai Lake. PMID:29677195

Crítica das forças produtivas: guerra, destruição ecológica e criação do mundo pós-natural.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Villar Gomez

2012-09-01

Full Text Available As forças produtivas são uma categoria capitalista e materializam a abstração social baseada no valor. Tal como o processo de valorização, as forças produtivas se desenvolvem sem levar em consideração a satisfação das necessidades humanas e as consequências ecológicas. A produção destrutiva por meio da redução da taxa de utilização dos produtos e os gastos militares crescentes demonstram que o capitalismo passou a destruir riqueza material em larga escala para adequar seus potenciais destrutivos aos estreitos limites de sua forma de riqueza baseada no trabalho abstrato. A aceleração do consumo do mundo, que é uma das manifestações do desenvolvimento tecnológico capitalista, é uma das causas mais importantes da crise ecológica contemporâneia. O mundo pós-natural  consiste na tentativa desmedida e irracional de o capitalismo fugir das "barreiras naturais". A superação da forma social baseada no valor e das forças produtivas tornou-se uma necessidade de primeira ordem.

Avaliação rápida da integridade ecológica em riachos urbanos na bacia do rio Corumbá no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanna Gomes Cordeiro

2016-06-01

Full Text Available A urbanização tem ocasionado o lançamento de volumes significativos de efluentes domésticos parcialmente tratados nos corpos hídricos brasileiros causando diversos prejuízos ecológicos para estes ecossistemas. Para avaliar a integridade ecológica de riachos na região de Cerrado do Brasil Central foram selecionados quatro pontos de coleta, considerando o nível de influência antrópica ao qual estão submetidos. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, o uso da paisagem e a comunidade de macroinvetebrados bentônicos. As coletas foram realizadas em julho de 2015 e foram mensuradas "in situ" as variáveis condutividade elétrica, temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, largura e comprimento do riacho e velocidade da correnteza. Em seguida, foram coletadas amostras para o seston, perifíton, macroinvertebrados bentônicos e sedimento depositado. O ponto "Referência" apresentou menor abundância de larvas de Chironomus (Chironomidae: Diptera e maior riqueza taxonômica, além de maior abundância dos grupos taxonômicos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera, mostrando ser o sistema mais íntegro dentre os analisados. A sub-bacia delimitada a partir desse ponto mostrou uma maior porcentagem de áreas com vegetação nativa (51%. Os pontos com presença de efluentes domésticos ("ETE" e "Jusante" por sua vez, apresentaram valores mais elevados de condutividade elétrica, turbidez, maior abundância de larvas de Chironomus e menor riqueza de táxons, mostrando elevado impacto em função das atividades antrópicas. A avaliação rápida realizada com a composição da comunidade bentônica e as variáveis físicas e químicas da água foi suficiente na identificação das alterações na integridade ecológica causadas pela influência antrópica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Corumbá.

Ionic liquids behave as dilute electrolyte solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Gebbie, Matthew A.; Valtiner, Markus; Banquy, Xavier; Fox, Eric T.; Henderson, Wesley A.; Israelachvili, Jacob N.

2013-01-01

We combine direct surface force measurements with thermodynamic arguments to demonstrate that pure ionic liquids are expected to behave as dilute weak electrolyte solutions, with typical effective dissociated ion concentrations of less than 0.1% at room temperature. We performed equilibrium force–distance measurements across the common ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][NTf2]) using a surface forces apparatus with in situ electrochemical control and quantitatively modeled these measurements using the van der Waals and electrostatic double-layer forces of the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory with an additive repulsive steric (entropic) ion–surface binding force. Our results indicate that ionic liquids screen charged surfaces through the formation of both bound (Stern) and diffuse electric double layers, where the diffuse double layer is comprised of effectively dissociated ionic liquid ions. Additionally, we used the energetics of thermally dissociating ions in a dielectric medium to quantitatively predict the equilibrium for the effective dissociation reaction of [C4mim][NTf2] ions, in excellent agreement with the measured Debye length. Our results clearly demonstrate that, outside of the bound double layer, most of the ions in [C4mim][NTf2] are not effectively dissociated and thus do not contribute to electrostatic screening. We also provide a general, molecular-scale framework for designing ionic liquids with significantly increased dissociated charge densities via judiciously balancing ion pair interactions with bulk dielectric properties. Our results clear up several inconsistencies that have hampered scientific progress in this important area and guide the rational design of unique, high–free-ion density ionic liquids and ionic liquid blends. PMID:23716690

Consumo de combustíveis no Brasil e Mato Grosso: estimativa do custo ecológico da emissão de gases de efeito estufa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vallência Maíra Gomes

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o nível da emissão de gases deefeito estufa (GEE a partir do consumo de combustíveis fósseis e renováveis noBrasil e no estado de Mato Grosso entre os anos de 2003 e 2010. Uma vezreconhecido o quantum de emissão de GEE, calculou-se o custo ecológico destaemissão a partir dos preços da tonelada de carbono comercializada na BolsaEuropeia do Clima e na Bolsa do Clima de Chicago. A partir deste exercício,estimou-se o peso deste custo ecológico sobre o Produto Interno Bruto do Brasil ede Mato Grosso no período analisado, considerando hipoteticamente a incorporaçãodestes custos externos na matriz produtiva de ambas as referências espaciais.Utilizando a base de dados de consumo de combustíveis do Brasil e de Mato Grossoda Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, foi empregado oMétodo “Top-Down” ou método de referência do IPCC para estimar as emissões dedióxido de carbono. Atrelou-se o preço do carbono nas Bolsas da Europa e dosEstados Unidos à emissão de gases do efeito estufa, para se estimar os custosexternos, chamados aqui também de custos ecológicos. Os resultados mostram queos custos ecológicos estão tendendo a redução neste período, tanto pela contençãoda emissão de GEE frente ao PIB quanto pela tendência negativa dos preços docarbono nas bolsas internacionais.Abstract The main objective of this study was to estimate the level of greenhouse gasesemission (GHG from the consumption of fossil and renewable fuels in Brazil and inthe state of Mato Grosso between the years 2003 and 2010. Once recognized thequantum of GHG emission, was calculated the ecological cost of this emission asfrom the prices of the ton of carbon traded on the European Climate Exchange andon the Chicago Climate Exchange. From this exercise, was estimated the weight ofthis ecological cost on Gross Domestic Product (GDP of the Brazil and of MatoGrosso in the period

Los cariotipos de Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana (Leguminosae- Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México Karyotypes of Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae- Phaseoleae of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron citogenéticamente células provenientes de meristemos radiculares de 2 leguminosas, Cologania grandiflora y Erythrina americana, que en la actualidad están incluidas en la flora de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, México, D. F., mediante una técnica de extendido en superficie y secado al aire para determinar los números cromosómicos somáticos. Por vez primera se obtuvieron la morfología cromosómica y otras características cuantitativas de los cariotipos en C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m +18sm y en E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm +2st sat, primeras también en ambos géneros. Cologania y Erythrina se reconocen como poliploides estabilizados y el hallazgo de un único par de cromosomas con satélites (dominancia nucleolar en las especies estudiadas aquí, favorece la opinión de un origen alopoliploide para estos taxa.Meristematic root cells from Cologania grandiflora and Erythrina americana from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico, were analyzed cytogenenetically using a surface-spreading and air-drying method. The somatic chromosome numbers were determined. Chromosome morphology and others quantitative features of the karyotypes obtained for first time in C. grandiflora (2n= 44= 26m + 18sm and E. americana (2n= 42= 36m + 4sm + 2st sat and also the first in both genera. Cologania and Erythrina are recognized as stabilized polyploids and the finding of just one pair of chromosomes with satellites (nucleolar dominance in the species analyzed here supports the view of allopolyploid origin of these taxa.

Integration of silicon-based neural probes and micro-drive arrays for chronic recording of large populations of neurons in behaving animals.

Science.gov (United States)

Michon, Frédéric; Aarts, Arno; Holzhammer, Tobias; Ruther, Patrick; Borghs, Gustaaf; McNaughton, Bruce; Kloosterman, Fabian

2016-08-01

Understanding how neuronal assemblies underlie cognitive function is a fundamental question in system neuroscience. It poses the technical challenge to monitor the activity of populations of neurons, potentially widely separated, in relation to behaviour. In this paper, we present a new system which aims at simultaneously recording from a large population of neurons from multiple separated brain regions in freely behaving animals. The concept of the new device is to combine the benefits of two existing electrophysiological techniques, i.e. the flexibility and modularity of micro-drive arrays and the high sampling ability of electrode-dense silicon probes. Newly engineered long bendable silicon probes were integrated into a micro-drive array. The resulting device can carry up to 16 independently movable silicon probes, each carrying 16 recording sites. Populations of neurons were recorded simultaneously in multiple cortical and/or hippocampal sites in two freely behaving implanted rats. Current approaches to monitor neuronal activity either allow to flexibly record from multiple widely separated brain regions (micro-drive arrays) but with a limited sampling density or to provide denser sampling at the expense of a flexible placement in multiple brain regions (neural probes). By combining these two approaches and their benefits, we present an alternative solution for flexible and simultaneous recordings from widely distributed populations of neurons in freely behaving rats.

Correlación ecológica entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática en México

OpenAIRE

NARRO-ROBLES JOSÉ; GUTIÉRREZ-AVILA JESÚS HECTOR

1997-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Material y métodos. Se efectuó un análisis de correlación ecológica entre el conjunto de variables que integran el patrón de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas investigadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones en 1993 y la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática, en el periodo 1971-1993 en las ocho regiones en que fue dividido el país. Para determinar el nivel de correlación se utilizaron los co...

La ficción en Internet para trasladar información de actualidad: ¿Diga?, un cortometraje sobre la huella ecológica

OpenAIRE

Velasco Manso, Marta

2017-01-01

¿Diga? es un cortometraje de ficción que traslada información sobre hábitos de consumo responsable con el fin de mostrar su importancia en el medio ambiente y en concreto, en la reducción de la huella ecológica. El cortometraje se enmarca dentro de un proyecto digital, Episodio Piloto, una página web donde albergar producciones breves de ficción junto a información que se pretenda mostrar con ellas. La información ligada a ¿Diga? se traslada mediante un artículo sencillo que explica el concep...

Evaluación de Riesgo Ecológico en la Aplicación de Lodos de Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Servidas a Suelos en la Región de la Araucanía

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Soto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Los lodos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas servidas contienen materiales orgánicos ricos en nutrientes como nitrógeno (N, fósforo (P y potasio (K, además de metales y pequeñas cantidades de otros elementos tales como celulosa, ácidos orgánicos. Los lodos pueden ser considerados como residuos o reciclados mediante la incorporación a suelos. Frente a esta situación de disposición de lodos primarios en suelos, se determinó el efecto de dos muestras de lodos (una ya incorporada en suelo y otra fresca mediante la evaluación de bioensayos de toxicidad en Eisenia foetida durante 14 días, en donde se determinó que las muestras de lodos no presentaban toxicidad y que además existe una independencia entre la concentración y sus efectos en la mortalidad y crecimiento. Sumado a lo anterior, se evaluó las muestras de lodos en base a su contenidos de metales mediante el análisis de riesgo ecológico , en el cual obtenidos los antecedentes referidos a efectos y exposición, se integró la información para estimar el riesgo ecológico para metales pesados, en donde los factores de riesgo para el suelo son como cobre, cadmio, mercurio, níquel y zinc, la estimación del riesgo ecológico en el lodo incluye a todos los metales pesados y finalmente los factores de riesgo para el lodo aplicado en el suelo son todos los metales a excepción de arsénico.

Uma tentativa de caracterização da economia ecológica Outlines for a definition of ecological economics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clóvis Cavalcanti

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Partindo do reconhecimento de que toda atividade humana incide no ecossistema quer pelo lado da extração de recursos, quer pelo do lançamento de dejetos sob a forma de matéria ou energia degradada, o processo econômico - que opera dentro de um subsistema aberto envolvido pelo ecossistema global - tem que respeitar limites. Daí, a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável. Na perspectiva da sustentabilidade, o tipo de processo econômico que importa é aquele que produz bens e serviços considerando simultaneamente todos os custos (ou males que lhes são inevitavelmente associados. Esta é a tarefa para um modelo de desenvolvimento novo, e também para uma ciência da economia de fundamentos ecológicos. É aqui que se insere a economia ecológica, com a qual se introduz uma mudança fundamental na percepção dos problemas de alocação de recursos e de como eles devem ser tratados, do mesmo modo que uma revisão da dinâmica do crescimento econômico. Visa-se com o empreendimento obter a unificação sobre bases biofísicas dos sistemas ecológicos e econômicos como categorias interdependentes e coevolutivas. Não se trata de propor uma nova ciência, e sim uma empreitada (ou cometimento entre cientistas naturais e sociais, junto com os atores envolvidos em ações concretas de promoção do desenvolvimento, para chegar-se a novo entendimento da realidade humana, tirando dele lições para fins de análise e política. Chega-se assim a uma verdadeira economia política da ecologia.Considering that all human activity interacts with the environment either by extracting resources or by discarding trash under the form of degraded matter and energy, the economic process - which operates within an open subsystem contained by the global ecosystem - has to observe limits. Hence, the notion of sustainable development. In the perspective of sustainability, the kind of economic process which matters is that which produces goods and services taking

Crisis y nuevos patrones de consumo: discursos sociales acerca del consumo ecológico en el ámbito de las grandes ciudades españolas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Enrique Alonso

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La situación de profunda crisis económica que atraviesa España desde hace varios años está teniendo efectos significativos en las formas de relación de la ciudadanía con las prácticas de consumo. Una de las cuestiones más relevantes en este contexto tiene que ver con la posibilidad de un crecimiento de la con - ciencia medioambiental, ante la dificultad creciente para sostener los patrones consumistas de la época del boom, la popularización de nuevas pautas de con - sumo responsable y la creciente preocupación en relación a fenómenos como el cambio climático. En este artículo, nuestro objetivo específico es el de explorar las percepciones sociales en relación al denominado consumo ecológico, desde una perspectiva fundamentalmente cualitativa. Para ello, procederemos a realizar un análisis de los discursos generados en una serie de grupos de discusión, en el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre la relación entre consumo y crisis. Los resultados obtenidos parecen apuntar hacia las dificultades que presentan las opciones de consumo ecológicas de consolidarse en el imaginario del consumi - dor medio español, debido a una serie de razones que se describirán con detalle en nuestro trabajo

Anatomía ecológica de algunas especies del género Paspalum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra S. Aliscioni

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Aliscioni, S. S. 2000. Anatomía ecológica de algunas especies del género Paspalum(Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae. Darwiniana 38(3-4: 187-207.El género Paspalum L. presenta un elevado número de especies, con una amplia variabilidadmorfológica y una extensa distribución geográfica. Sus especies crecen en hábitats sumamente diversos,desde ambientes muy húmedos o acuáticos, a lugares secos de suelos arcillosos o arenosos, muchas vecessalinos. Dada la diversidad de ambientes en los que puede hallarse Paspalum, se estudiaron lascaracterísticas anatómico-foliares presentes en el género con la finalidad de interpretar diferentesestrategias adaptativas en distintas especies. Se presenta una descripción general de la anatomía foliar delgénero y se discuten ciertos caracteres anatómicos, interpretando su posible relación con las condicionesdel hábitat

Ecoturismo en la reserva Cuyabeno : realidad y retórica en la relación de los Siona con el turismo ecológico 1994

OpenAIRE

Arrueta, José Antonio

1996-01-01

El Turismo es una actividad que consiste básicamente en visitar lugares en donde buscamos satisfacer demandas relacionadas a información, diversión, conocimiento y placer. El turismo ecológico implica reglamentos de conducta de los visitantes, en relación a la preservación y conservación de los sitios naturales a silvestres que se visita. Incluye la participación de las poblaciones locales de los sitos de reserva como “beneficiarias” del ecoturismo. Estos "principios generales" del turismo ec...

A simple miniature device for wireless stimulation of neural circuits in small behaving animals.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yisi; Langford, Bruce; Kozhevnikov, Alexay

2011-10-30

The use of wireless neural stimulation devices offers significant advantages for neural stimulation experiments in behaving animals. We demonstrate a simple, low-cost and extremely lightweight wireless neural stimulation device which is made from off-the-shelf components. The device has low power consumption and does not require a high-power RF preamplifier. Neural stimulation can be carried out in either a voltage source mode or a current source mode. Using the device, we carry out wireless stimulation in the premotor brain area HVC of a songbird and demonstrate that such stimulation causes rapid perturbations of the acoustic structure of the song. Published by Elsevier B.V.

A novel fiber-free technique for brain activity imaging in multiple freely behaving mice

Science.gov (United States)

Inagaki, Shigenori; Agetsuma, Masakazu; Nagai, Takeharu

2018-02-01

Brain functions and related psychiatric disorders have been investigated by recording electrophysiological field potential. When recording it, a conventional method requires fiber-based apparatus connected to the brain, which however hampers the simultaneous measurement in multiple animals (e.g. by a tangle of fibers). Here, we propose a fiber-free recording technique in conjunction with a ratiometric bioluminescent voltage indicator. Our method allows investigation of electrophysiological filed potential dynamics in multiple freely behaving animals simultaneously over a long time period. Therefore, this fiber-free technique opens up the way to investigate a new mechanism of brain function that governs social behaviors and animal-to-animal interaction.

Estado ecológico del sistema estuarino del Río Guayas, Cantón Durán, Ecuador: Simulación numérica de su dinámica fluvial y principios ecológicos para el diseño de actuaciones de restauración y/o recuperación

OpenAIRE

Olaya Carbo, Peter

2016-01-01

46 p. El cantón Durán está emplazado en una zona de transición entre el agua dulce del río Guayas y el agua salobre del mar, las principales actividades de la región son la agricultura, ganadería, y las industrias; con la llegada del invierno, la región se somete a inundaciones que producen complicaciones socioeconómicas debido al uso antrópico de áreas inundables, además el río Guayas presenta un pobre estado de conservación ecológico (RQI, Riparian Quality Index=30), debido en gran parte...

Diagnóstico del potencial turístico en las comunidades kichwas asentadas en la zona de amortiguamiento de la reserva ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas.

OpenAIRE

Flores Endara, Apauki Katari

2016-01-01

Determinar el potencial turístico en las comunidades kichwas ubicadas en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la RECC. Son siete comunidades kichwas ubicadas en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi Cayapas, tienen recursos turísticos y al estar en un sitio estratégico cerca la Laguna de Cuicocha, se convierte en un potencial para el desarrollo del turismo comunitario. No obstante por el desconocimiento del valor turístico de los habitantes y por entidades tanto públicas y ...

Chronic monitoring of cortical hemodynamics in behaving, freely-moving rats using a miniaturized head-mounted optical microscope

Science.gov (United States)

Sigal, Iliya; Gad, Raanan; Koletar, Margaret; Ringuette, Dene; Stefanovic, Bojana; Levi, Ofer

2016-03-01

Growing interest within the neurophysiology community in assessing healthy and pathological brain activity in animals that are awake and freely-behaving has triggered the need for optical systems that are suitable for such longitudinal studies. In this work we report label-free multi-modal imaging of cortical hemodynamics in the somatosensory cortex of awake, freely-behaving rats, using a novel head-mounted miniature optical microscope. The microscope employs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) at three distinct wavelengths (680 nm, 795 nm, and 850 nm) to provide measurements of four hemodynamic markers: blood flow speeds, HbO, HbR, and total Hb concentration, across a > 2 mm field of view. Blood flow speeds are extracted using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI), while oxygenation measurements are performed using Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging (IOSI). Longitudinal measurements on the same animal are made possible over the course of > 6 weeks using a chronic window that is surgically implanted into the skull. We use the device to examine changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation in superficial cortical blood vessels and tissue in response to drug-induced absence-like seizures, correlating motor behavior with changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation in the brain.

Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes Landrum: aspectos botânicos, ecológicos, etnobotânicos e farmacológicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.S.R. D'angelis

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes Landrum é a única espécie representante brasileira deste gênero de Myrtaceae. Tem sido popularmente utilizada no tratamento de diversas enfermidades, assim como condimento e aromatizante de bebidas, por seu sabor muito similar ao cravo-da-índia. Em menor escala, é empregada em carpintaria e na arborização urbana. Diversos autores analisaram a composição química do óleo essencial da espécie em diferentes regiões do Brasil, encontrando eugenol, metileugenol, (E metilisoeugenol, chavibetol, geranial e neral como composto predominante nos espécimes estudados. Visando ressaltar a importância de P. pseudocaryophyllus como potencial fonte de recursos assim como subsidiar ações de manejo adequado esta revisão apresenta os principais aspectos botânicos, ecológicos, etnobotânicos e farmacológicos da espécie.

Antropología y medio ambiente. Revisión de una tradición y nuevas perspectivas de análisis en la problemática ecológica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beatriz Santamarina Campos

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Durante los últimos años la producción etnográfica sobre el conflicto medio ambiental ha generado un volumen considerable de aportaciones. En este artículo se contextualiza, en la tradición antropológica, las distintas perspectivas (la ecológica, la simbólica cognitiva y la política que se han ocupado del entorno, de la construcción de la naturaleza y del papel otorgado a la naturaleza en la distribución de relaciones de poder. Todo para situar a las perspectivas de la ecología simbólica y ecología política como los enfoques, desde nuestro punto de vista, más pertinentes para abordar el conflicto medio ambiental. En un mundo donde se imponen visiones hegemónicas y discursos ecológicos globalizados, basados en una racionalidad político-económica que se pretende única, se hace necesario un análisis crítico para descifrar las claves de nuestra práctica cultural y para poner en práctica todo el conocimiento local aprendido, que permita sacar a la luz otros discursos practicables posibles desde lógicas marginales.

Fatores ecológicos associados à colonização e ao desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas e desafios de manejo

OpenAIRE

Thomaz,S.M.

2002-01-01

As macrófitas constituem-se em uma importante assembléia de ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, mas seu crescimento excessivo pode provocar danos aos usos múltiplos de alguns ambientes. Durante o processo de sucessão ecológica, a maioria dos ecossistemas aquáticos é colonizada, em diferentes graus, pela vegetação aquática. No entanto, explosões populacionais são usualmente decorrentes de ações antrópicas, como introduções de espécies exóticas e alterações de habitats. O conhecimento da ecolo...

Un estudio ecológico del voto socialista en el medio rural-urbano andaluz, 1999-2012

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Ortega

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo pretende contribuir a reforzar los estudios electorales en España, ampliando su especialización temática y metodológica, con la realización de un estudio ecológico del voto. En concreto, se exploran, desde un enfoque agregado, las relaciones entre el tipo de hábitat y el voto socialista en los distintos procesos celebrados en Andalucía, desde 1999 hasta 2012. Nuestro análisis empírico comprende dos aproximaciones: la primera ofrece una geografía del voto más descriptiva que explicativa, donde se muestra que tanto la participación como el voto al PSOE se asocia de forma negativa con el grado de urbanización; la segunda, mediante modelos de regresión espaciales, indaga las bases socioestructurales y muestra que el voto socialista se asocia a la inestabilidad y precariedad económica de las localidades ?fundamentalmente tasas de desempleo y de población agraria subsidiada?, especialmente en las elecciones generales y autonómicas.

Estrutura de prática e validade ecológica no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora Practice schedule and ecological validity in the adaptive process of motor learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Massigli

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o efeito da estrutura de prática no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora em função da validade ecológica da situação experimental. Participaram do estudo 104 crianças distribuídas em oito grupos experimentais (dois níveis de validade ecológica x quatro estruturas de prática. A tarefa consistiu em rebater uma bola de tênis de mesa lançada por um equipamento ou pelo experimentador, com o objetivo de acertar um alvo localizado no lado oposto da mesa. O estudo envolveu duas fases: estabilização e adaptação. O desempenho foi analisado por meio da soma dos pontos obtidos em blocos de 10 tentativas. Os resultados mostraram que os efeitos das práticas constante, aleatória, constante-aleatória e aleatória-constante no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora foram similares em ambos os níveis de validade ecológica; a prática constante foi a estrutura menos efetiva no processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora em ambas as situações experimentais.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different practice schedules in the adaptive process of motor learning in function of the ecological validity of the experimental situation. Participants were 104 children distributed in eight experimental groups (2 levels of ecological validity x 4 practice schedules. The task was to hit a table tennis ball thrown by equipment or experimenter, aiming to hit a target located on the opposite side of the table. The study was carried out in two phases: stabilization and adaptation. Performance was analyzed through the sum of the points achieved in ten trial blocks. Results showed that the effects of constant, random, constant-random and random-constant practice on the adaptive process of motor learning were similar in both levels of ecological validity; constant practice was the less effective schedule on the adaptive process of motor learning in both experimental situations.

Características bio-ecológicas en poblaciones de lombrices (Oligochaeta: Glossoscolecidae de una sabana natural y una protegida en los llanos centrales de Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Hernández

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Las lombrices de tierra tienen un papel importante en el ciclado de nutrientes y el mantenimiento de la fertilidad de los suelos. En este estudio se empleo el método de extracción manual para determinar la densidad y la biomasa de las lombrices de tierra en diferentes profundidades y en diferentes estaciones, seleccionando al azar cinco monolitos de 25cm2x30cm, ubicados en un área de 90x90m en una Sabana Protegida (SP y una Sabana Natural Intervenida (SNI. Adicionalmente, se estimó la densidad de los capullos, se analizaron las clases de etapas de desarrollo y se clasificaron los individuos en categorías ecológicas. Se estimó la humedad del suelo, la capacidad de campo, la temperatura, la densidad aparente y la textura del suelo. La SP presentó mejores condiciones físicas en el suelo que la SNI, mientras que la actividad de las lombrices de tierra estuvo limitada a los meses de lluvia y se observó un patrón de migración estacional en el perfil del suelo. En la SNI sólo se observó presencia de individuos en agosto y no se encontró diferencia significativa en sus biomasas con la SP. Los sistemas estuvieron dominados por individuos jóvenes con una categoría ecológica de tipo endo-anécica pertenecientes a la familia

Parameters estimation online for Lorenz system by a novel quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Fei; Tong Hengqing; Li Zhuoqiu

2008-01-01

This paper proposes a novel quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (NQPSO) for the estimation of chaos' unknown parameters by transforming them into nonlinear functions' optimization. By means of the techniques in the following three aspects: contracting the searching space self-adaptively; boundaries restriction strategy; substituting the particles' convex combination for their centre of mass, this paper achieves a quite effective search mechanism with fine equilibrium between exploitation and exploration. Details of applying the proposed method and other methods into Lorenz systems are given, and experiments done show that NQPSO has better adaptability, dependability and robustness. It is a successful approach in unknown parameter estimation online especially in the cases with white noises

Marketing verde: um olhar sobre as tensões entre greenwashing e ecopropaganda na construção do apelo ecológico na comunicação publicitária

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fred Tavares

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O século XXI vem sendo marcado por significativas mudanças nas estruturas sociais, econômicas e políticas em função da relação do homem com a causa ambiental. À vista do surgimento desses novos paradigmas, o objetivo desse trabalho é investigar o uso da comunicação como eficiente instrumento de fomento da lucratividade dentro da temática ecológico-social. A ideia é problematizar até que ponto o posicionamento “verde” nas campanhas de marketing sustentam argumentos que se correlacionam à real prática das corporações. A metodologia se sustentará na tessitura de uma fundamentação teórica acerca da construção da percepção ecológica, seguida do estudo de caso de peças publicitárias elaboradas a partir da lógica ambiental. O resultado proposto é o levantamento das práticas de greenwashing e ecopropaganda sob a ótica das empresas em paralelo à formação de um olhar crítico acerca da questão sócio-ambiental.

Elementos para la valoración integral de los recursos naturales: un puente entre la economía ambiental y la economía ecológica

OpenAIRE

RODRÍGUEZ ROMERO, PAULO CESAR; CUBILLOS GONZALEZ, ALEXANDER

2012-01-01

El predominio de las valoraciones de los recursos naturales basadas en cifras económicas ha generado una infravaloración de los beneficios reales que obtienen las sociedades de la naturaleza, causada por el desconocimiento de la complejidad de las funciones ecológicas y por ignorar la integralidad de los subsistemas que componen el ambiente. Ante tal panorama, resulta imperante encontrar puentes conceptuales entre las ciencias ambientales para llenar los vacíos en los métodos de valoración, r...

Citogenética de Calochortus barbatus (Liliaceae: Calochortoideae de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, en México, Distrito Federal Cytogenetics of Calochortus barbatus (Liliaceae: Calochortoideae of the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Tapia-Pastrana

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio citogenético en células de meristemos radiculares de individuos de Calochortus barbatus de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, en México, D.F. Luego de aplicar una metodología de extendido y secado al aire se confirma un número cromosómico 2n = 4x = 36 (x = 9 y se propone por vez primera una fórmula cariotípica para la especie (14m + 22st. El cariotipo asimétrico (T.F. % = 23.13, que incluye 4 cromosomas subtelocéntricos pequeños portadores de constricciones secundarias y satélites, permite descartar la presencia de fragmentos. La longitud cromosómica total haploide (53.48 μm y el intervalo cromosómico (1.85-4.27 μm añaden datos novedosos sobre la arquitectura cromosómica. Se discute el papel de la hibridación intraespecífica y autoploidía en la conformación del cariotipo de esta especie y la necesidad de realizar estudios similares en especies estrechamente relacionadas.Meristematic root cells from seeds of individuals of Calochortus barbatus from Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Distrito Federal, Mexico were analyzed cytogenetically using a surface spreading and air-drying method. The chromosomal number, 2n = 4x = 36 (x = 9 was corroborated. The mitotic karyotype was established for the first time for this species as 14m + 22st. The asymmetric karyotype, which includes 4 small subtelocentric chromosomes bearing a secondary constriction with its corresponding satellites, allows to discard previous reports of chromosomal fragments. Total haploid chromosomal length (53.48 μm, chromosomal length range (1.85 - 4.27 μm and the asymmetry index (T.F. % = 23.13 add new information on chromosome architecture. The role of intraspecific hybridization and autoploidy in shaping the karyotype of this species and the need of performing similar analyses in related species are discussed.

Influência do preço e as stratégias de comunicação visual baseadas em simbologia cultural sobre a preferência de marcas ecológicas e consumo sustentável

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haidy Johana Moreno C.

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg Esta investigación pretende establecer la influencia del precio y las estrategias de comunicación visual, basadas en simbología cultural sobre la preferencia de marcas ecológicas en la categoría de productos de aseo en la ciudad de Bogotá, buscando fomentar el consumo sostenible en los hogares. Para ello, se realizaron dos fases: un estudio de tipo descriptivo para establecer la estrategia de precio más persuasiva para el consumidor en un producto ecológico en la categoría de aseo. Posteriormente en la fase dos, se realizó un estudio experimental mediante un diseño factorial 2x2x2, donde la primera variable independiente fue comunicación visual, la segunda, el enmarcamiento ecológico y la tercera, el precio; variable que actuó como elemento de influencia utilizada en cada grupo experimental. Los participantes fueron expuestos a estímulos visuales de tipo bidimensional y tridimensional, relacionados con las estrategias de precio; los resultados muestran, que de la manera como se comunica el precio, se present una alta incidencia en la preferencia de compra, debido a que los consumidores son más perceptibles a los descuentos y a las ofertas. Otro de los hallazgos relevantes fue la estrategia de posicionamiento en marcas verdes, las cuales deben generar en los consumidores una garantía que realmente es un producto que aporta al cuidado medioambiental y para ello, se requiere de información precisa y detallada en el diseño, los empaques, los envases, la marca y demás atributos del producto; pues en definitiva, en términos publicitarios que la comunicación visual en consumo sustentable cumple una función también informativa.

Propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos A. Fernández Bravo

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación presenta una propuesta de cambio para el desarrollo de una organización inteligente verde de TI Bancaria, basada en redes inteligentes ecológicas, banca móvil y ética organizacional para la Banca Universal. La metodología es de tipo exploratoria y a su vez descriptiva. Se concluye que la Banca Universal debe asegurar la participación activa del sector financiero con los gobiernos y las organizaciones no gubernamentales para desarrollar y perfeccionar las leyes y los estándares ambientales tanto en leyes nacionales como en acuerdos internacionales. Así mismo, promover el desarrollo de iniciativas voluntarias que incluyan aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos del desarrollo sostenible y que tengan por objetivo fundamental mejorar la calidad de vida. Se plantean lineamientos estratégicos que enfatizan la necesidad de una adecuada gestión de tecnología de información y comunicación, para integrar a las estrategias ecológicas, sustentadas en ética y herramientas verdes que proporcionen vida a la humanidad

Valoración de impactos ecológicos por minería de oro en río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Esteban Gamboa García

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La minería de oro es una actividad que se ha desarrollado por siglos en diferentes territorios en el planeta. Sin embargo, la minería ha generado impactos ambientales afectando a la sociedad, debido a que comprometen la cantidad y calidad de los servicios ecosistémicos y en consecuencia, la calidad de vida de la población mundial. Para medir el nivel de afectación sobre los componentes del ambiente, se revisaron los métodos clásicos para Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (EIA para proyectos mineros y se tomó como base la matriz de Leopold desarrollada por el Servicio Geológico del Departamento del Interior de los Estados Unidos, para valorizar los impactos de actividades mineras. En esta investigación se revisaron investigaciones publicadas con las palabras clave “matriz cualitativa” y “minería de oro”, tanto en inglés como en español, desde el año 2000 al 2011, en proyectos mineros realizados en países en vía de desarrollo. Posteriormente, se extrajeron y sistematizaron, las metodologías clásicas y sus variaciones y los componentes ecológicos y actividades del proyecto comunes en los estudios. Las metodologías usadas fueron cualitativas. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló la metodología Valor del Índice Ambiental (VIA para valorizar los impactos ecológicos de la minería de oro en la cuenca del río Guabas, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se encontró que el impacto promedio de la actividad minera desarrollada en el río Guabas fue considerado severo, a diferencia del impacto global revisado en la literatura, que fue considerado como moderado, en la mayoría de los casos.

Voluntary running enhances glymphatic influx in awake behaving, young mice.

Science.gov (United States)

von Holstein-Rathlou, Stephanie; Petersen, Nicolas Caesar; Nedergaard, Maiken

2018-01-01

Vascular pathology and protein accumulation contribute to cognitive decline, whereas exercise can slow vascular degeneration and improve cognitive function. Recent investigations suggest that glymphatic clearance measured in aged mice while anesthetized is enhanced following exercise. We predicted that exercise would also stimulate glymphatic activity in awake, young mice with higher baseline glymphatic function. Therefore, we assessed glymphatic function in young female C57BL/6J mice following five weeks voluntary wheel running and in sedentary mice. The active mice ran a mean distance of 6km daily. We injected fluorescent tracers in cisterna magna of awake behaving mice and in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized mice, and later assessed tracer distribution in coronal brain sections. Voluntary exercise consistently increased CSF influx during wakefulness, primarily in the hypothalamus and ventral parts of the cortex, but also in the middle cerebral artery territory. While glymphatic activity was higher under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, we saw a decrease in glymphatic function during running in awake mice after five weeks of wheel running. In summary, daily running increases CSF flux in widespread areas of the mouse brain, which may contribute to the pro-cognitive effects of exercise. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Swarm Optimization Genetic Algorithm Based on Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Tao; Xu, Ming-Hai

2017-01-01

Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm is a variant of the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO). The QPSO that was originally developed for continuous search spaces outperforms the traditional PSO in search ability. This paper analyzes the main factors that impact the search ability of QPSO and converts the particle movement formula to the mutation condition by introducing the rejection region, thus proposing a new binary algorithm, named swarm optimization genetic algorithm (SOGA), because it is more like genetic algorithm (GA) than PSO in form. SOGA has crossover and mutation operator as GA but does not need to set the crossover and mutation probability, so it has fewer parameters to control. The proposed algorithm was tested with several nonlinear high-dimension functions in the binary search space, and the results were compared with those from BPSO, BQPSO, and GA. The experimental results show that SOGA is distinctly superior to the other three algorithms in terms of solution accuracy and convergence.

Concepções de agricultores ecológicos do Paraná sobre alimentação saudável Concepciones de agricultores ecológicos de Paraná (Sur de Brasil sobre alimentación saludable Conceptions of healthy eating among ecological farmers in Paraná, Southern Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erica Ell

2012-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as concepções de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentação saudável. MÉTODOS: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa. Entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2007, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com o apoio de um roteiro com 11 mulheres e um homem residentes em comunidade agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, PR, selecionados aleatoriamente dentre as 20 famílias de agricultores ecológicos desse município. RESULTADOS: Três categorias de análise foram identificadas: "tomada de consciência da alimentação saudável", "capacidade de compra" e "terra saudável". O significado da alimentação saudável para as mulheres agricultoras envolve a ideia de que os alimentos devem ser naturais, sem agrotóxicos nem produtos químicos industrializados. Cotidianamente o consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes somado ao básico feijão, arroz e carne deve ser abundante e a composição do prato deve visar à prevenção de obesidade e doenças crônico-degenerativas. O cuidado com os recursos naturais para garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis, a segurança alimentar, a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente e a vida futura do planeta integram o conceito de alimentação saudável. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento, a autocrítica e o discernimento acompanharam as concepções em relação à alimentação saudável.OBJETIVO: Describir las concepciones de agricultores ecológicos sobre alimentación saludable. MÉTODOS: Estudio con abordaje cualitativo. Entre enero y febrero de 2007, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con el apoyo de un itinerario con 11 mujeres y un hombre residentes en comunidad agrícola de Rio Branco do Sul, Sur de Brasil, seleccionados aleatoriamente entre las 20 familias de agricultores ecológicos de este municipio. RESULTADOS: Tres categorías de análisis fueron identificadas: "tomada de consciencia de la alimentación saludable", "capacidad de compra" y "tierra saludable". El significado de la alimentaci

Consumo responsável e mobilização social: estudo de caso da dinâmica comunicacional da Rede Ecológica do Rio de Janeiro

OpenAIRE

Santos, Nádia Bernuci dos

2013-01-01

A presente dissertação aborda a dinâmica dos fluxos de informação de uma rede organizada em torno do consumo responsável. Parte de uma perspectiva ampla onde a questão ecológica emerge evidenciando a insustentabilidade do sistema de produção e consumo ante o esgotamento de recursos naturais. A partir daí, o tema da pesquisa aproxima-se de aspectos associados ao consumismo enquanto importante operador desse modelo de crescimento capitalista, trazendo para o debate a constituição de movimentos ...

Ecologia política, economia ecológica e saúde coletiva: interfaces para a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento e para a promoção da saúde Political ecology, ecological economics, and public health: interfaces for the sustainability of development and health promotion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Firpo Porto

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho busca trazer para o campo da Saúde Coletiva as contribuições da ecologia política e da economia ecológica, visando a integrar as discussões em torno da promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental e dos processos de desenvolvimento. A economia ecológica é um campo de estudos transdisciplinar recente que reúne economistas com outros profissionais das ciências sociais, humanas e biológicas. Ela tem desenvolvido novos conceitos e metodologias que buscam captar a relação entre a economia com os processos ecológicos e sociais, como metabolismo social e perfil metabólico, inter-relacionando os fluxos econômicos com os de materiais e energia, e produzindo indicadores e índices de (insustentabilidade. A ecologia política, por sua vez, aborda as questões ecológicas e os conflitos sócio-ambientais a partir de dinâmicas econômicas e de poder que caracterizam as sociedades modernas. A Saúde Coletiva e as discussões sobre a promoção da saúde podem ampliar sua compreensão sobre o território, as comunidades, o papel da ciência e das instituições a partir das contribuições da ecologia política e da economia ecológica no entendimento dos modelos de desenvolvimento e os conflitos distributivos e sócio-ambientais por ele gerados.This article proposes to focus contributions from political ecology and ecological economics to the field of collective health with a view towards integrating the discussions around health promotion, socio-environmental sustainability, and development. Ecological economics is a recent interdisciplinary field that combines economists and other professionals from the social, human, and life sciences. The field has developed new concepts and methodologies that seek to grasp the relationship between the economy and ecological and social processes such as social metabolism and metabolic profile, thereby interrelating economic, material, and energy flows and producing indicators

Sucessão ecológica, entropia e o Modelo Autonomia-Heteronomia para análise dos sistemas agrícolas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Aleixo Brito de Azevedo

2017-04-01

Full Text Available É proposto o modelo analítico Autonomia-Heteronomia, de caráter agronômico, para descrição e análise dos sistemas agrícolas. Os sistemas autônomos caracterizam-se por utilização preferencial dos recursos locais e estratégias orientadas ao atendimento das necessidades locais ou regionais. São sistemas de baixa entropia e localizados nos estágios mais avançados da sucessão ecológica. Os sistemas heterônomos caracterizam-se por utilização preferencial dos recursos globais e orientação preferencialmente para a mercantilização. São sistemas de alta entropia e localizados nos estágios mais iniciais da sucessão.

Levantamento Preliminar da Avifauna do Parque Ecológico do Basalto no Município de Araraquara/SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Uehara do Carmo

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O processo de urbanização vem modificando de maneira drástica a fisionomia dos ecossistemas, restando apenas pequenos fragmentos de áreas verdes, como praças, parques e terrenos baldios. Nesses ambientes ocorreu a redução dos recursos disponíveis para a manutenção da fauna e flora. O levantamento qualitativo da avifauna é uma interessante ferramenta para a avaliação de condições ambientais, pois, são suscetíveis a variações nos ecossistemas, devido ao alto grau de especificidade por espécie, no que diz respeito a território e habitat. Este levantamento teve por finalidade estabelecer uma lista preliminar da diversidade avifaunística do Parque Ecológico do Basalto, situado na região sudeste do Município de Araraquara-SP, obtendo importantes informações para o manejo e preservação da avifauna e para o seu estado de conservação. O levantamento ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro e outubro de 2005, totalizando 94 horas de observação. Foi utilizado o método de transecto onde, através de um percurso pré-determinado e com o auxílio de binóculos 7x35 e 10x50 e de fotografias e vocalizações registradas em campo e guias de campo, registramos 84 espécies de aves distribuídas em 28 famílias pertencentes a 13 ordens. Dentre estas aves registradas, 09 foram avistadas apenas sobrevoando o parque, ao contrário das outras 75 que foram vistas se alimentando e ou nidificando (16 dentro do parque. Para melhor explicitação dos dados, separamos as espécies nas seguintes guildas: fugívoras (13, insetívoras (44, nectívoras (04, carnívoras (06, granívoras (04, detritívoras (01 e onívoras (12. Esses dados preliminares revelam a importância da conservação do Parque Ecológico do Basalto para a manutenção das avifaunas que o adotaram como refúgio, por possuir os recursos como alimento, abrigo e locais para reprodução, em meio à urbanização e crescimento horizontal da cidade de Araraquara.

Diversidade e aspectos ecológicos de fungos gasteróides (Basidiomycota) em quatros áreas de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Trierveliler Pereira, Larissa

2011-01-01

Os fungos gasteróides são caracterizados principalmente pelo basidioma angiocárpico e liberação passiva dos basidiosporos. Até o momento, 232 espécies de fungos gasteróides estão registradas para o Brasil, sendo que o conhecimento do grupo vem aumentando desde o início do século XXI. Com o objetivo de conhecer melhor estes organismos no Brasil, a diversidade e aspectos ecológicos de fungos gasteróides foram investigados em quatro remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no estado de Per...

Legitimación de la violencia en la infancia: un abordaje desde el enfoque ecológico de Bronfenbrenner

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Martínez González

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza desde el enfoque ecológico del desarrollo humano los diversos contextos en los cuales se presenta la violencia y cómo en ellos se llevan a cabo procesos de legitimación que la perpetúan a lo largo del tiempo, lo cual afecta especialmente a la niñez y las nuevas generaciones. En primer lugar, se dilucida las diferencias entre agresión y violencia, para posteriormente definir el proceso de legitimación desde el contexto histórico, la comunidad, la familia y los medios de comunicación, hasta llegar a la forma como las creencias legitimadoras se facilitan en la cognición infantil. Se analizan las bases psicológicas de la legitimación y los mecanismos mediante los cuales opera, comprendidos a través del concepto de desconexión moral, introducido por Bandura.

Producción de bio-alcoholes, a partir de mucílago obtenido con tres tecnologías utilizadas en el beneficio ecológico del café

OpenAIRE

López Núñez, Juan Carlos

2017-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas. CIMAD, 2017 El mucílago como uno de los dos más importantes subproductos del beneficio del café, por su composición se considera como residuo energético relevante en la obtención de biocombustibles. Con el progresivo desarrollo de diferentes tecnologías para el beneficio ecológico del café, se ve la necesidad de indagar sobre el potencial que p...

O Papel da Economia Ecológica nas Políticas Públicas da América Latina : Consenso Latino-Americano da Reunião da ISEE em Washington

OpenAIRE

Weiss, Joseph Samson

2017-01-01

Depois de dois anos de conversas, as sociedades regionais indicadas, autores institucionais, chegaram a este consenso sobre o papel da economia ecológica na política pública da América Latina, abrangendo os dez temas seguintes: Indicadores de bem-estar apropriados à sustentabilidade socioambiental; Desvinculação do crescimento econômico do uso intensivo de energia e de materiais, assim como da degradação ambiental (decoupling em inglês); Inovação tecnológica com redução de impactos ambientais...

Projeto Sabão Ecológico: uma estratégia educacional para a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha no município de Viçosa

OpenAIRE

Yaankha Bharbara Allecxandria Bernardo da Silva Barbosa Cardoso; Sabrina Marcelino Amoglia; Julie Louise McClelland; Amanda Ferreira Teixeira; Laura Fernandes Melo

2017-01-01

O descarte inadequado de resíduos de óleo de cozinha usado pode causar danos ambientais no local onde é descartado, bem como no entorno, fato que desrespeita um dos direitos do ser humano: o acesso ao ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Neste contexto, o Projeto Sabão Ecológico foi criado pela ONG Engenheiros Sem Fronteiras – Núcleo Viçosa, devido à necessidade de conscientizar a população sobre os danos inerentes ao descarte incorreto desse óleo. Por meio de oficinas teórico-práticas, que e...

Efeitos de hormônios esteroides de contraceptivos orais combinados sobre os parâmetros comportamentais de Betta splendens (Regan, 1909

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

B.D. Santos

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Os hormônios esteroides presentes em várias gerações de contraceptivos orais combinados (COC podem se apresentar como disruptores endócrinos, produzindo alterações no comportamento e na fisiologia de peixes. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de hormônios esteroides presentes em COC sobre os parâmetros comportamentais de Betta splendens, um peixe ornamental usado na aquariofilia e bastante agressivo. Machos adultos foram observados pelo método ad libitum para confecção do etograma e divididos em cinco grupos, controle e expostos aos hormônios: 17β-estradiol (E2; levonorgestrel e etinilestradiol (LEA - segunda geração de COC; gestodeno e etinilestradiol (GEA - terceira geração de COC; e drospirenona e etinilestradiol (DEA - quarta geração de COC. Os peixes foram expostos por 30 dias à concentração final de 10ng/L. Foram avaliados os comportamentos pelos métodos de varredura instantânea e animal-focal, bem como o consumo de ração. No método varredura, o comportamento descansar apresentou o maior valor (54,4±10,1% no grupo E2 (P<0,05. Os comportamentos agressivos de carga (16,1±3,6% e recuar e carga (16,4±5,1% apresentaram os maiores valores no grupo controle em relação aos demais grupos (P<0,05. Os animais do grupo E2 apresentaram maior frequência de comportamentos inativos (76,1% comparados aos de outros grupos. O comportamento atípico natação errática não foi observado no grupo controle, mas foi observado nos grupos experimentais. Os grupos E2, LEA, GEA e DEA apresentaram redução nos comportamentos agressivos (10% quando comparados ao grupo controle pelo método animal-focal. Não foram observadas diferenças na exibição desses comportamentos ao se compararem os animais expostos às diferentes gerações de contraceptivos e no consumo de ração. Pode-se concluir que 17β-estradiol causou mais efeitos aos peixes e que diferentes gerações de COC apresentaram efeitos t

Real-time supervisor system based on trinary logic to control experiments with behaving animals and humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Kutz, D F; Marzocchi, N; Fattori, P; Cavalcanti, S; Galletti, C

2005-06-01

A new method is presented based on trinary logic able to check the state of different control variables and synchronously record the physiological and behavioral data of behaving animals and humans. The basic information structure of the method is a time interval of defined maximum duration, called time slice, during which the supervisor system periodically checks the status of a specific subset of input channels. An experimental condition is a sequence of time slices subsequently executed according to the final status of the previous time slice. The proposed method implements in its data structure the possibility to branch like an if-else cascade and the possibility to repeat parts of it recursively like the while-loop. Therefore its data structure contains the most basic control structures of programming languages. The method was implemented using a real-time version of LabVIEW programming environment to program and control our experimental setup. Using this supervision system, we synchronously record four analog data channels at 500 Hz (including eye movements) and the time stamps of up to six neurons at 100 kHz. The system reacts with a resolution within 1 ms to changes of state of digital input channels. The system is set to react to changes in eye position with a resolution within 4 ms. The time slices, experimental conditions, and data are handled by relational databases. This facilitates the construction of new experimental conditions and data analysis. The proposed implementation allows continuous recording without an inter-trial gap for data storage or task management. The implementation can be used to drive electrophysiological experiments of behaving animals and psychophysical studies with human subjects.

La gestión de información dentro del enfoque holístico o ecológico contemporáneo de la gestión organizacional

OpenAIRE

Israel A. Núñez Paula

2008-01-01

Se aborda con claridad el carácter holístico o ecológico de la relación y delimitación entre gestión de la información (contenidos), gestión del conocimiento, gestión tecnológica (ingeniería de software) y gestión del aprendizaje organizacional y del capital intelectual de las organizaciones. Se muestra una clasificación (no exhaustiva) de las herramientas software que deben conformar un sistema nervioso digital, por analogía con el sistema nervioso biológico, sobre cuya base se p...

Estructura y daños en las comunidades de octocorales (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yunier Olivera Espinosa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la comunidad de octocorales del arrecife de macizos y canales de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí (sur oriente de Cuba con el objetivo de caracterizar su composición, estructura y estado de conservación, así como inferir a partir de estas las condiciones ambientales imperantes en el área. La investigación se realizó entre enero y junio de 2009, en seis localidades ubicadas entre 12m y 17m de profundidad. Como unidad de muestreo se empleó un marco de 1m², el cual fue puesto en zigzag cada 2m sobre la superficie del arrecife de macizos. Se determinó, por localidad, la densidad de colonias y se infirieron los grados de severidad, constancia ambiental, tensión hidrodinámica y el Índice Comparativo de Contaminación. Se determinaron, además, los daños en la comunidad de octocorales. Se analizaron 752 colonias e identificaron 25 especies de octocorales. Eunicea flexuosa y Gorgonia ventalina fueron las especies más abundantes. La densidad fluctuó entre 3.58±1.84 colonias/m² y 7.58±2.16 colonias/ m² (densidad de baja a moderada tendiendo a baja. En la zona se infirió una tensión hidrodinámica entre baja y alta, con niveles de contaminación bajos y moderados, y un ambiente generalmente favorable y constante. Los daños de tipo mecánico fueron los más frecuentes, siendo G. ventalina la especie con más colonias dañadas. La comunidad de octocorales del hábitat de macizos y canales de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí presentó un buen estado de conservación.

Why consumers behave as they do with respect to food safety and risk information

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Verbeke, Wim; Frewer, Lynn J.; Scholderer, Joachim

2007-01-01

rankings. The aim of this contribution is to provide a better understanding to food risk analysts of why consumers behave as they do with respect to food safety and risk information. This paper presents some cases of seemingly irrational and inconsistent consumer behaviour with respect to food safety...... and risk information and provides explanations for these behaviours based on the nature of the risk and individual psychological processes. Potential solutions for rebuilding consumer confidence in food safety and bridging between lay and expert opinions towards food risks are reviewed. These include......In recent years, it seems that consumers are generally uncertain about the safety and quality of their food and their risk perception differs substantially from that of experts. Hormone and veterinary drug residues in meat persist to occupy a high position in European consumers' food concern...

Mudanças sociais e gestão ecológica em questão: a experiência de mamirauá

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edila Arnaud Ferreira Moura

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Estudo sobre as mudanças sociais que envolveram as populações tradicionais desde a criação de uma unidade de conservação ambiental, no ano de 1990, na região do Médio Solimões, Amazônia brasileira, com o interesse de conservar uma área reconhecida como o maior ecossistema de várzea do mundo. A análise situa os produtores locais em relação ao mercado ecológico e aos agentes do desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo se refere a 49 localidades da floresta alagada amazônica, com informações relativas aos anos de 1991 a 2006. A análise identifica os agentes sociais que integram o campo socioambiental que se constrói com as políticas de intervenção socioambiental.Estudio sobre los cambios sociales que involucran a las poblaciones tradicionales mediante la creación de un ambiente protegido, en 1990, en el rio Solimões, Amazonia brasileña, en interés de la conservación de una zona reconocida como el ecosistema de humedal más grande del mundo . El análisis es los productores locales para el mercado y los agentes de desarrollo sostenible ecológico. El estudio se refiere a 49 ciudades en la selva amazónica inundada, que abarca los años 1991 a 2006. El análisis identifica los agentes sociales que integran el ámbito del medio ambiente, que se construye con políticas de intervención socioambiental.Study on the social changes involving traditional population after the creation, in 1990, of an environmental conservation unit in the Mid-Solimões River, Brazilian Amazon aimed to conserve an area known as the largest wetland ecosystem in the world. The analysis places local producers in relation to the ecological market and agents of sustainable development. The study covers 49 localities of the Amazon flooded forest, with information obtained between 1991 and 2006. The analysis identifies the social agents who integrate the socio environmental field constructed with social environmental intervention policies.

Mechanically, the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis behaves like a shell inflated by a pressure of about 1 MPa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Léna eBeauzamy

2015-11-01

Full Text Available In plants, the shoot apical meristem contains the stem cells and is responsible for the generation of all aerial organs. Mechanistically, organogenesis is associated with an auxin-dependent local softening of the epidermis. This has been proposed to be sufficient to trigger outgrowth, because the epidermis is thought to be under tension and stiffer than internal tissues in all the aerial part of the plant. However, this has not been directly demonstrated in the shoot apical meristem. Here we tested this hypothesis in Arabidopsis using indentation methods and modeling. We considered two possible scenarios: either the epidermis does not have unique properties and the meristem behaves as a homogeneous linearly-elastic tissue, or the epidermis is under tension and the meristem exhibits the response of a shell under pressure. Large indentation depths measurements with a large tip (~size of the meristem were consistent with a shell-like behavior. This also allowed us to deduce a value of turgor pressure, estimated at 0.82 ± 0.16 MPa. Indentation with atomic force microscopy provided local measurements of pressure in the epidermis, further confirming the values obtained from large deformations. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem behaves like a shell under a MPa range pressure and support a key role for the epidermis in shaping the shoot apex.

Robust, highly customizable, and economical multi-channel electrode for chronic multi-unit recording in behaving animals.

Science.gov (United States)

Tateyama, Yukina; Oyama, Kei; Shiraishi, Masaru; Iijima, Toshio; Tsutsui, Ken-Ichiro

2017-12-01

Multi-unit recording has been one of the most widely used techniques to investigate the correlation between multiple neuronal activities and behavior. However, a common problem of currently used multi-channel electrodes is their physical weakness. In this study, we developed a novel multi-channel electrode with sufficient physical strength to penetrate a thickened dura mater. This electrode consists of low-cost materials and is easily fabricated, and it enables recording without removing dura mater, thereby reducing the risk of inflammation, infection, or brain herniation. The low-cost multi-channel electrode developed in this study would be a useful tool for chronic recording in behaving animals. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Imaging brain activity during seizures in freely behaving rats using a miniature multi-modal imaging system.

Science.gov (United States)

Sigal, Iliya; Koletar, Margaret M; Ringuette, Dene; Gad, Raanan; Jeffrey, Melanie; Carlen, Peter L; Stefanovic, Bojana; Levi, Ofer

2016-09-01

We report on a miniature label-free imaging system for monitoring brain blood flow and blood oxygenation changes in awake, freely behaving rats. The device, weighing 15 grams, enables imaging in a ∼ 2 × 2 mm field of view with 4.4 μm lateral resolution and 1 - 8 Hz temporal sampling rate. The imaging is performed through a chronically-implanted cranial window that remains optically clear between 2 to > 6 weeks after the craniotomy. This imaging method is well suited for longitudinal studies of chronic models of brain diseases and disorders. In this work, it is applied to monitoring neurovascular coupling during drug-induced absence-like seizures 6 weeks following the craniotomy.

A dinâmica atual do conflito entre uso e conservação de recursos pesqueiros na estação ecológica de Guaraqueçaba, Paraná

OpenAIRE

Arantes, Ana Carolina Vitorio

2016-01-01

Orientador : Profª. Drª. Juliana Lima Spínola Coorientador : Profª. Drª. Cristina Frutuoso Teixeira Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. Defesa: Curitiba, 29/04/2016 Inclui referências : f. 160-176 Resumo: O desenvolvimento, quando entendido unicamente por crescimento econômico, desconsiderando aspectos sociais, ecológicos, culturais, é responsável por causar degradação em todos esses aspectos. A deg...

A integração da pesquisa ao conhecimento ecológico local no subsídio ao manejo: variações no estoque natural da ostra de mangue crassostrea spp. na reserva extrativista do Mandira, Cananéia-SP, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Cabral Machado

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever uma experiência de integração entre conhecimento científico e comunitário no subsídio ao manejo, a partir das avaliações do estoque da ostra de mangue Crassostrea spp. na Reserva Extrativista do Mandira, baseadas em estudos populacionais e no Conhecimento Ecológico Local (CEL e percepção da comunidade. Os dados dos estudos populacionais apresentaram aspectos concordantes com o Conhecimento Ecológico Local, evidenciando variações no estoque de ostras na Reserva.This study aimed to illustrate the experience of integration between scientific knowledge and Local Ecological Knowledge to subside management from the assessments of the mangrove oyster stock in the Mandira Extractive Reserve, based on population studies and on local ecological knowledge and perception of the community. Data from population studies showed features consistent with the Local Ecological Knowledge, providing evidence of variations in the stock of oysters in the Mandira Extractive Reserve.

¿El cinturón ecológico?: Análisis de una marca urbana que nunca existió

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marie-Noelle Carré

2013-05-01

Full Text Available ¿Cómo un proyecto territorial no concretado en su totalidad puede inscribirse dentro de la memoria metropolitana? En Buenos Aires, el cinturón ecológico, un dispositivo que se proponía ampliar la dotación de áreas verdes y limitar el crecimiento urbano, representa un caso emblemático. Con un análisis de las estrategias del marketing urbano desarrolladas para promocionarlo durante la última dictadura militar (1976-1983, este trabajo desentramará cómo este emprendimiento metropolitano, aunque nunca terminado, se transformó en una marca para Buenos Aires. Abordará su difusión mediática primero dentro de la puesta en escena de una crisis urbana; luego en la constitución de un nuevo proyecto de ciudad y, finalmente, en la promoción de un equipamiento de calidad a escala regional. A modo de cierre, considerará la inversión de esta imagen, a la luz de los conflictos metropolitanos actuales.

Fast optical signal not detected in awake behaving monkeys.

Science.gov (United States)

Radhakrishnan, Harsha; Vanduffel, Wim; Deng, Hong Ping; Ekstrom, Leeland; Boas, David A; Franceschini, Maria Angela

2009-04-01

While the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure cerebral hemodynamic evoked responses (slow optical signal) is well established, its ability to measure non-invasively the 'fast optical signal' is still controversial. Here, we aim to determine the feasibility of performing NIRS measurements of the 'fast optical signal' or Event-Related Optical Signals (EROS) under optimal experimental conditions in awake behaving macaque monkeys. These monkeys were implanted with a 'recording well' to expose the dura above the primary visual cortex (V1). A custom-made optical probe was inserted and fixed into the well. The close proximity of the probe to the brain maximized the sensitivity to changes in optical properties in the cortex. Motion artifacts were minimized by physical restraint of the head. Full-field contrast-reversing checkerboard stimuli were presented to monkeys trained to perform a visual fixation task. In separate sessions, two NIRS systems (CW4 and ISS FD oximeter), which previously showed the ability to measure the fast signal in human, were used. In some sessions EEG was acquired simultaneously with the optical signal. The increased sensitivity to cortical optical changes with our experimental setup was quantified with 3D Monte Carlo simulations on a segmented MRI monkey head. Averages of thousands of stimuli in the same animal, or grand averages across the two animals and across repeated sessions, did not lead to detection of the fast optical signal using either amplitude or phase of the optical signal. Hemodynamic responses and visual evoked potentials were instead always detected with single trials or averages of a few stimuli. Based on these negative results, despite the optimal experimental conditions, we doubt the usefulness of non-invasive fast optical signal measurements with NIRS.

Análisis de la gestión ambiental desde el concepto de sistemas socio-ecológicos. Estudio de caso cuenca hidrográfica del río Guabas, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Fernández-Vargas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Los conflictos ambientales son cada vez más frecuentes, complejos e intensos en países biodiversos como Colombia, propiciados entre otros por desaciertos histórico-institucionales del propio estado al fomentar acciones que van en contravía de las potencialidades biofísicas del territorio, con altos impactos sociales, culturales y ecológicos, en la mayoría de los casos irreversibles. Esta situación se ve exacerbada en cuencas hidrográficas andinas con áreas dedicadas a la conservación, en las que tienen lugar complejas dinámicas socio-económicas y culturales, y además convergen factores que propician la generación de estos conflictos. Este artículo plantea el análisis del conflicto ambiental por el aprovisionamiento del agua superficial en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guabas, Colombia, a partir del enfoque de Sistemas Socio-ecológicos (SSE, haciendo énfasis en las dinámicas que a nivel ecosistémico y social se han desarrollado en esta importante cuenca durante el periodo 1936 – 2016, con base en información primaria y secundaria. Se concluye que aun cuando para el riego de cultivos se destina el 96,8% del caudal del río Guabas, se presenta un déficit hídrico recurrente para cultivos en la zona plana de la cuenca en los meses de junio, julio y agosto, calculando un Índice de uso del agua para 2007 de “Alto” y para 2016 de “Muy Alto”. El servicio ecosistémico de suministro de agua superficial fue el 6,4% del valor total de conservación de la cuenca y sus servicios ecosistémicos. Por otra parte, los servicios ecosistémicos ecológicos, culturales y de amenidad no han sido estudiados. Las causas estructurales del conflicto son las decisiones contradictorias del estado al declarar un área protegida en la zona que luego fue olvidada institucionalmente, y unos esquemas rígidos de gobernanza ambiental que generan sobre-planificación ambiental y territorial y dispersión de espacios de participación, lo que

Contribuição da fauna silvestre em projetos de restauração ecológica no Brasil Contribution of the wildlife in ecological restoration projects in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wanuza Helena Campos

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O sucesso no processo de restauração e manutenção da dinâmica de um ecossistema é extremamente dependente da capacidade das espécies em promover interações interespecíficas entre as diversas formas de vida. Estas interações criam um cenário favorável à restauração ecológica de ecossistemas degradados. Assim, por meio de revisão de literatura, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a contribuição e utilização dos diferentes grupos de animais na execução de projetos de restauração ecológica no Brasil. As aves e mamíferos frugívoros e também outros animais, como os répteis, peixes e insetos, têm se destacado como ferramentas de auxílio aos projetos de restauração ecológica. As técnicas para atração de animais e consequente chegada de propágulos em um ecossistema degradado compreende a utilização de poleiros, que servem de pouso e abrigo para a avifauna e morcegos, e a utilização de abrigos artificiais, que servem para fuga de predadores, descanso e reprodução dos animais. De modo geral, estes estudos são excelentes ferramentas para gerir ações de manejo ambiental em ecossistemas degradados, possibilitando a recuperação da biodiversidade destes ambientes. The success in the process of restoration and maintenance of the dynamics of an ecosystem is highly dependent on the capacity of species to promote interspecific interactions among the various life forms. These interactions create a favorable environment for the ecological restoration of degraded ecosystems. Thus, by review the literature, the objective of this study is to report the contribution and use of different animal groups in carrying out ecological restoration projects in Brazil. The fruit-eating birds and mammals and also other animals such as reptiles, fish and insects have been highlighted as tools to aid environmental ecological restoration projects. Techniques for attracting animals and consequent arrival of seedlings in a degraded

How Do Children Behave Regarding Their Birth Order in Dental Setting?

Science.gov (United States)

Ghaderi, Faezeh; Fijan, Soleiman; Hamedani, Shahram

2015-12-01

Prediction of child cooperation level in dental setting is an important issue for a dentist to select the proper behavior management method. Many psychological studies have emphasized the effect of birth order on patient behavior and personality; however, only a few researches evaluated the effect of birth order on child's behavior in dental setting. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of children ordinal position on their behavior in dental setting. A total of 158 children with at least one primary mandibular molar needing class I restoration were selected. Children were classified based on the ordinal position; first, middle, or last child as well as single child. A blinded examiner recorded the pain perception of children during injection based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Sound, Eye and Movement (SEM) scale. To assess the child's anxiety, the questionnaire known as "Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule" (CFSS-DS) was employed. The results showed that single children were significantly less cooperative and more anxious than the other children (p<0.001). The middle children were significantly more cooperative in comparison with the other child's position (p< 0.001). Single child may behave less cooperatively in dental setting. The order of child birth must also be considered in prediction of child's behavior for behavioral management.

Amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin: a high diversity site in the lowland Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

de Mira-Mendes, Caio Vinícius; Ruas, Danilo Silva; de Oliveira, Renan Manoel; Castro, Indira Maria; Dias, Iuri Ribeiro; Baumgarten, Julio Ernesto; Juncá, Flora Acuña; Solé, Mirco

2018-01-01

An inventory of the amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin - REM in southern Bahia, Brazil is presented. Sixty-nine species were recorded during a ten-year sampling period. Amphibians were distributed in two orders (Gymnophiona and Anura), belonging to twelve families [Aromobatidae (1), Bufonidae (3), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), Eleutherodactylidae (3), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (34), Phyllomedusidae (5) Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (4), Odontophrynidae (3) and Caeciliidae (1)]. Fifty per cent of the reproductive modes known for Atlantic forest anurans were recorded. While no threatened species were found at REM, six species are classified as data deficient (DD) by the Brazilian Red List of threatened species and deserve additional attention. Phasmahyla timbo and Vitreorana eurygnatha are listed as endangered in Bahia according to the list of threatened species of the state. Despite a higher diversity of amphibians in the Atlantic forest having been reported for mountainous regions, our results revealed that amphibian richness for lowland forests is also high.

Amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin: a high diversity site in the lowland Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caio Vinícius de Mira-Mendes

2018-04-01

Full Text Available An inventory of the amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin – REM in southern Bahia, Brazil is presented. Sixty-nine species were recorded during a ten-year sampling period. Amphibians were distributed in two orders (Gymnophiona and Anura, belonging to twelve families [Aromobatidae (1, Bufonidae (3, Centrolenidae (1, Craugastoridae (5, Eleutherodactylidae (3, Hemiphractidae (2, Hylidae (34, Phyllomedusidae (5 Leptodactylidae (7, Microhylidae (4, Odontophrynidae (3 and Caeciliidae (1]. Fifty per cent of the reproductive modes known for Atlantic forest anurans were recorded. While no threatened species were found at REM, six species are classified as data deficient (DD by the Brazilian Red List of threatened species and deserve additional attention. Phasmahyla timbo and Vitreorana eurygnatha are listed as endangered in Bahia according to the list of threatened species of the state. Despite a higher diversity of amphibians in the Atlantic forest having been reported for mountainous regions, our results revealed that amphibian richness for lowland forests is also high.

Comportamiento detersivo de las formulaciones ecológicas en la extracción de grasas y proteínas en tejido de algodón aprestado y tratado con diversos suavizantes

OpenAIRE

Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier; Serra Gasol, Miquel

2002-01-01

En el presente trabajo se efectuó un estudio del comportamiento detersivo producido por una formulación ecológica, aplicada para el lavado de un tejido de algodón aprestado con una resina DMDHEU y tratado con diferentes suavizantes catiónicos, del tipo de amonio silicona y esterquat. A estos tejidos se aplicaron, antes del lavado, dos impurezas del tipo proteína y una tipo aceitosa. Los efectos del detergente, en la extracción de tales impurezas del tejido aprestado y tratado con los diferent...

De las áreas ecológicas significativas al Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de Montevideo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Bartorila

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En ámbitos metropolitanos el medio natural y el medio artificial pugnan y compiten uno sobre otro. Sus desarrollos, aparentemente desconectados, tienen importantes puntos en común. El interés por abordar, en un mismo nivel, los procesos que conforman los ecosistemas naturales y el artefacto urbano nos abren el camino al estudio de los ecosistemas en la ciudad y al urbanismo de redes (Dupuy, 1998. Este artículo presenta los resultados parciales de una investigación (tesis doctoral que pretende señalar la importancia de la determinación de las denominadas areas ecológicas significativas en la práctica del urbanismo. A través del análisis de caso de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay, se caracterizan detalles de los aspectos espaciales y temporales de los ecosistemas naturales en la ciudad, señalando la manera en que se reconocen y se integran en el planeamiento territorial. Existen instrumentos de análisis y estudios que colaboran en la determinación espacialmente compleja de la realidad natural de los territorios. Será por medio de la revisión de trabajos de otros autores como se busca conocer la manera como ha sido estudiado e interpretado el conocimiento e interrelación de los ecosistemas y la ciudad, lo que permitirá en consecuencia, obtener instrumentos urbanísticos para delimitar y revalorizar los ecosistemas naturales intra y periurbanos.

Análisis de valoración contingente de restauración ecológica de una cantera en Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina Melissa Tequia Mayorga

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la disponibilidad a pagar por la realización de la restauración ecológica de la cantera Cueva del zorro, por parte de los habitantes de la vereda Panamá, en el municipio de Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Metodológicamente se aplicaron encuestas y una entrevista al líder comunitario de la comunidad con el fin de conocer la percepción acerca del ambiente, la restauración y la minería. La información  recopilada fue analizada a través de estadísticas descriptivas. Los resultados muestran que los niveles socio-económicos de la población influyen directamente en la toma de decisiones en cuanto al valor monetario ofrecido para la realización de la restauración.

Las microalgas de Tillandsia multicaulis Steud. (Bromeliaceae de la Reserva Ecológica “La Martinica”, Veracruz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brisceida Hernández-Rodríguez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las bromelias tienen la capacidad de retener agua en las axilas de las hojas lo que es conocido como tanques o fitotelmata; mantienen cadenas tróficas complejas con todo tipo de organismos, desde bacterias hasta vertebrados pequeños. En este trabajo, presentamos la primera aproximación a las microalgas que viven en las cisternas de una especie de bromelia en la Reserva Ecológica “La Martinica” en Banderilla, Veracruz. Las recolecciones se estudiaron en material preservado y en cultivos. Se obtuvieron cerca de 60 algas pertenecientes a las Cyanoprokariota, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta y Bacillariophyta, sin embargo, solo se lograron identificar 16 especies. Se concluye que los tanques de Tillandsia multicaulis brindan las condiciones adecuadas para el desarrollo de microalgas y que la ubicación y la morfología de la bromelia influyen en la distribución de este grupo biológico. La escasez de individuos en las muestras analizadas no permitió una identificación precisa de todas las especies. En los cultivos aparecieron especies no observadas en el material preservado, lo que indica una flora mucho más rica de la que puede observarse directamente.

“Como é a escola dos teus sonhos?” : direitos da criança, educação e inserção ecológica em Angola

OpenAIRE

Airi Macias Sacco

2011-01-01

Esta dissertação teve como objetivos conhecer a opinião de crianças angolanas a respeito de suas escolas, investigar como é a escola dos seus sonhos e averiguar como os direitos da criança estão sendo acolhidos nessas instituições. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo que englobou o sistema de ensino público primário do país, representado por 15 escolas localizadas em cinco províncias angolanas. As crianças participaram de entrevistas em grupo e o método utilizado foi a inserção ecológica. A an...

A mathematical model for pressure-based organs behaving as biological pressure vessels.

Science.gov (United States)

Casha, Aaron R; Camilleri, Liberato; Gauci, Marilyn; Gatt, Ruben; Sladden, David; Chetcuti, Stanley; Grima, Joseph N

2018-04-26

We introduce a mathematical model that describes the allometry of physical characteristics of hollow organs behaving as pressure vessels based on the physics of ideal pressure vessels. The model was validated by studying parameters such as body and organ mass, systolic and diastolic pressures, internal and external dimensions, pressurization energy and organ energy output measurements of pressure-based organs in a wide range of mammals and birds. Seven rules were derived that govern amongst others, lack of size efficiency on scaling to larger organ sizes, matching organ size in the same species, equal relative efficiency in pressurization energy across species and direct size matching between organ mass and mass of contents. The lung, heart and bladder follow these predicted theoretical relationships with a similar relative efficiency across various mammalian and avian species; an exception is cardiac output in mammals with a mass exceeding 10kg. This may limit massive body size in mammals, breaking Cope's rule that populations evolve to increase in body size over time. Such a limit was not found in large flightless birds exceeding 100kg, leading to speculation about unlimited dinosaur size should dinosaurs carry avian-like cardiac characteristics. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Principios ecológicos en la gestión de los agrosistemas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García-Álvarez, A.

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Agroecology has as an objective the understanding of the key elements and processes that regulate the function of agrosystems, for their effective management in harmony with the environment. Plant protection has been focused on the concept of control, mainly utilizing chemical or biological arsenals, and more recently, the biotechnological. The application of ecological criteria in plant protection has allowed the implementation of the biofumigation processes, a technique based on the utilization of gases produced during the biodescomposition of organic matter to manage soilborne phytopathogenic organisms. It is hoped that future improvements in agriculture will consider the increasing worries related to the environment, the conservation of the natural resources, public health, and highlighting attention of the importance of agriculture in the elimination of poverty, as well as its contribution to the development of biofuels.La agroecología tiene como objetivo el conocimiento de los elementos y procesos claves en el funcionamiento de los agrosistemas, para su eficaz gestión en armonía con el ambiente. La protección vegetal ha sido enfocada tradicionalmente, bajo el concepto de lucha y control, utilizando arsenales químicos o biológicos y, en estos momentos, biotecnológicos. La aplicación de criterios ecológicos en protección vegetal ha permitido desarrollar procesos como la biofumigación, fundamentada en la utilización de los gases resultantes de la biodescomposición de la materia orgánica para el manejo de organismos patógenos de los vegetales. Es de esperar que el futuro de la agricultura muestre una mayor preocupación por el ambiente, la conservación de los recursos naturales, la salud de las personas y se destaque su contribución a la reducción de la pobreza, así como su aportación al desarrollo de los agrocombustibles.

5-7 Year Old Children's Conceptions of Behaving Artifacts and the Influence of Constructing Their Behavior on the Development of Theory of Mind (ToM and Theory of Artificial Mind (ToAM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karen Spektor-Precel

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, we are surrounded by artifacts that are capable of adaptive behavior, such as electric pots, boiler timers, automatic doors, and robots. The literature concerning human beings’ conceptions of “traditional” artifacts is vast, however, little is known about our conceptions of behaving artifacts, nor of the influence of the interaction with such artifacts on cognitive development, especially among children. Since these artifacts are provided with an artificial “mind,” it is of interest to assess whether and how children develop a Theory of Artificial Mind (ToAM which is distinct from their Theory of Mind (ToM. The study examined a new theoretical scheme named ToAM (Theory of Artificial Mind by means of qualitative and quantitative methodology among twenty four 5-7 year old children from central Israel. It also examined the effects of interacting with behaving artifacts (constructing versus observing the robot’s behavior using the “RoboGan” interface on children’s development of ToAM and their ToM and looked for conceptions that evolve among children while interacting with behaving artifacts which are indicative of the acquisition of ToAM. In the quantitative analysis it was found that the interaction with behaving artifacts, whether as observers or constructors and for both age groups, brought into awareness children’s ToM as well as influenced their ability to understand that robots can behave independently and based on external and environmental conditions. In the qualitative analysis it was found that participating in the intervention influenced the children’s ToAM for both constructors and for the younger observer. Engaging in building the robot’s behavior influenced the children’s ability to explain several of the robots’ behaviors, their understanding of the robot’s script-based behavior and rule-based behavior and the children’s metacognitive development. The theoretical and practical importance of

Cuestionario para calcular la Huella Ecológica de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos y su aplicación en el Campus Zaragoza de la Universidad Nacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Ibarra-Cisneros

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se desarrolló un cuestionario de 30 preguntas para calcular la huella ecológica (HE de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, considerando el estilo de vida y el patrón de consumo propios de la cultura mexicana. Primero, se obtuvo de anuarios estadísticos la productividad promedio (en ton/ha/año, de los bienes agropecuarios y pesqueros más demandados, y de papel de cuadernos escolares, con la finalidad de determinar la superficie que se requiere para producir el consumo anual del mexicano promedio, por tipo de bien; también, se calculó el área promedio para absorber el dióxido de carbono generado por el consumo de energía directo (debido al uso de transportes, de equipos electrónicos, de agua caliente para ducharse y de agua potable de empleo cotidiano, e indirecto (producción, distribución y comercialización de productos. Posteriormente, se transformaron las superficies obtenidas a hectáreas globales (hag mediante factores de conversión y se aplicó el cuestionario a 125 alumnos universitarios obteniendo una HE de 1.48 hag, con resultado de mayor impacto ambiental individual al rubro de alimentos (0.42 hag por el consumo de cárnicos, seguido del uso de energía (0.35 hag, principalmente por utilizar gas LP en la ducha cotidiana. Esta HE está dentro de los límites de sustentabilidad global (< 1.61 hag. No hubo diferencias significativas debidas al nivel de estudios, edad o sexo de la muestra. Finalmente, se concluye que el instrumento desarrollado es coherente con los resultados obtenidos de cuestionarios disponibles en línea y elaborados en países de alto nivel de consumo de bienes y servicios y que aquí se presenta la primera calculadora de huella ecológica que toma en cuenta la idiosincrasia mexicana.

O professor de Biologia enquanto “sujeito ecológico”: conhecimentos, valores e participação política na prática docente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Bertolucci de Campos

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This article represents part of a master’s dissertation, whose main objective is to analyze the pedagogical practice of the Biology teacher as an “ecological person” under the aspect of the dimensions that characterize the educational process in Environmental Education - dimension of knowledge, ethical and aesthetic values and political dimension. We conducted semi-structured interviews for the collection of data, supplemented by documentary analysis; a qualitative assessment involving public school teachers was developed in order to explore their personal and professional relationship with the environmental thematic. The data indicated a close relationship between teachers’ degree of proximity to characteristics of the “ecological person” and the dimensions that characterize the Environmental Education expressed in their teaching practice, besides highlighting the opportunities for training teachers as environmental educators. Este artigo apresenta um recorte dos estudos realizados durante o mestrado buscando analisar a prática pedagógica do professor de Biologia enquanto “sujeito ecológico” sob o aspecto das dimensões que caracterizam o processo educativo em Educação Ambiental - dimensão dos conhecimentos, dos valores éticos e estéticos e dimensão política. Por meio do emprego de entrevistas semiestruturadas complementadas por análise documental, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa qualitativa envolvendo docentes do ensino público, no intuito de explorar seu relacionamento pessoal e profissional com a temática ambiental. Os dados obtidos revelaram uma estreita relação entre o grau de aproximação do professor em relação às características que compõem o “sujeito ecológico” e as dimensões que caracterizam os trabalhos em Educação Ambiental expressas em sua prática docente além de apontar caminhos para a formação dos professores enquanto educadores ambientais.

Evidence for Long-Timescale Patterns of Synaptic Inputs in CA1 of Awake Behaving Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolb, Ilya; Talei Franzesi, Giovanni; Wang, Michael; Kodandaramaiah, Suhasa B; Forest, Craig R; Boyden, Edward S; Singer, Annabelle C

2018-02-14

Repeated sequences of neural activity are a pervasive feature of neural networks in vivo and in vitro In the hippocampus, sequential firing of many neurons over periods of 100-300 ms reoccurs during behavior and during periods of quiescence. However, it is not known whether the hippocampus produces longer sequences of activity or whether such sequences are restricted to specific network states. Furthermore, whether long repeated patterns of activity are transmitted to single cells downstream is unclear. To answer these questions, we recorded intracellularly from hippocampal CA1 of awake, behaving male mice to examine both subthreshold activity and spiking output in single neurons. In eight of nine recordings, we discovered long (900 ms) reoccurring subthreshold fluctuations or "repeats." Repeats generally were high-amplitude, nonoscillatory events reoccurring with 10 ms precision. Using statistical controls, we determined that repeats occurred more often than would be expected from unstructured network activity (e.g., by chance). Most spikes occurred during a repeat, and when a repeat contained a spike, the spike reoccurred with precision on the order of ≤20 ms, showing that long repeated patterns of subthreshold activity are strongly connected to spike output. Unexpectedly, we found that repeats occurred independently of classic hippocampal network states like theta oscillations or sharp-wave ripples. Together, these results reveal surprisingly long patterns of repeated activity in the hippocampal network that occur nonstochastically, are transmitted to single downstream neurons, and strongly shape their output. This suggests that the timescale of information transmission in the hippocampal network is much longer than previously thought. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found long (≥900 ms), repeated, subthreshold patterns of activity in CA1 of awake, behaving mice. These repeated patterns ("repeats") occurred more often than expected by chance and with 10 ms

The embodiment of tourism among bisexually-behaving Dominican male sex workers.

Science.gov (United States)

Padilla, Mark B

2008-10-01

While theories of "structure" and social inequality have increasingly informed global health efforts for HIV prevention--with growing recognition of the linkages between large-scale political and economic factors in the distribution and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic--there is still little theorization of precisely how structural factors shape the very bodies and sexualities of specific populations and groups. In order to extend the theoretical understanding of these macro-micro linkages, this article examines how the growth of the tourism industry in the Dominican Republic has produced sexual practices and identities that reflect both the influence of large-scale structural processes and the resistant responses of local individuals. Drawing on social science theories of political economy, embodiment, and authenticity, I argue that an understanding of patterns of sexuality and HIV risk in the region requires analysis of how political-economic transformations related to tourism intersect with the individual experiences and practices of sexuality on the ground. The analysis draws on long-term ethnographic research with bisexually behaving male sex workers in two cities in the Dominican Republic, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, focus groups, and surveys. By examining the global and local values placed on these men's bodies and the ways sex workers use their bodies to broker tourists' pleasure, we may better understand how the large-scale structures of the tourism industry are linked to the specific meanings and practices of sexuality.

Long term forecasts to 2050 for the forestry and forest-based industries as seen by the students at the 'Ecole superieure du bois'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groutel, Emmanuel

2013-01-01

Some of the engineering students in their 3. year at the Nantes Ecole superieure du bois acquire knowledge through the 'World Forestry Exchanges' scheme. These students - Brazilians, Latvians, Taiwanese, Chines, Tunisian, ... French - learn about forestry flows, wood marketing and product trends. It is against this multi-cultural background that is open and seeks to awaken the students curiosity that their feedback is requested in the form of their own vision of the products and services that should be on offer in the future in many forest-based industries. The diversity of their responses and the originality and relevance of some of these inspired the author to write this article which classifies and summarises these thoughts. This is a cooperative approach which aims at being of educational, academic and practical value. (authors)

An Image Enhancement Method Using the Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization with an Adaptive Strategy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaoping Su

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Image enhancement techniques are very important to image processing, which are used to improve image quality or extract the fine details in degraded images. In this paper, two novel objective functions based on the normalized incomplete Beta transform function are proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of grayscale image enhancement and color image enhancement, respectively. Using these objective functions, the parameters of transform functions are estimated by the quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO. We also propose an improved QPSO with an adaptive parameter control strategy. The QPSO and the AQPSO algorithms, along with genetic algorithm (GA and particle swarm optimization (PSO, are tested on several benchmark grayscale and color images. The results show that the QPSO and AQPSO perform better than GA and PSO for the enhancement of these images, and the AQPSO has some advantages over QPSO due to its adaptive parameter control strategy.

El conocimiento de la Posidonia oceanica y sus funciones ecológicas como herramienta de gestión litoral. La realización de encuestas a los usuarios de playas y calas de la isla de Menorca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesc Xavier Roig i Munar

2001-01-01

Full Text Available La Posidonia oceanica juega un papel primordial como producción de sedimento y defensa de las playas y calas de la isla de Menorca. La realización de encuestas de percepción a los usuarios de playa sobre el conocimiento y las funciones ecológicas de esta planta resulta una herramienta de gestión primordial para la conservación y mantenimiento de los espacios litorales insulares.

Análise de Sistemas de Geração de Energia Elétrica com Base na Pegada Ecológica Modificada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Silva de Carvalho

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho determina a Pegada Ecológica modificada e a Capacidade de Carga (Zhao et al., 2004 de três sistemas de geração de energia elétrica com uso de combustíveis renováveis e as compara. Foram estudados os sistemas de Utilização de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos em um Aterro Sanitário na cidade de São Paulo (Frimaio, 2011, Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes na cidade de Uppsala na Suécia (Bjorklund, et al., 2001 e uma Usina Autônoma localizada em São Paulo (Silva, 2006. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o sistema de Aproveitamento de resíduos apresenta melhor performance com relação ao sistema de Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto a Usina Autônoma.

Relações florísticas, estruturais e ecológicas entre as florestas do topo da Serra do Mar e as florestas de restinga no Estado de São Paulo

OpenAIRE

Joao Carlos Miguel Tomaz Micheletti Neto

2007-01-01

As comunidades florestais periféricas às florestas que recobrem o sopé e as médias encostas da Serra do Mar apresentam uma convergência de fisionomias e aspectos xeromórficos, sustentada por floras que estão relacionadas quanto às suas origens. Como estas semelhanças podem indicar condições ecológicas similares, o trabalho investigou qualitativa e quantitativamente se as semelhanças fisionômicas, entre a Floresta do Topo dos Morros da Serra do Mar e a Floresta Seca de Restinga no Estado de Sã...

La deuda ecológica en la producción agropecuaria. Estudio económico y socio ambiental de la explotación de la piña de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

TORTOSA CONDES, CRISEIDA

2014-01-01

[ES] El trabajo se desarrolla dentro de la campaña No te comas el mundo en colaboración con el Observatorio de la Deuda en la Globalización (ODG) perteneciente a la cátedra UNESCO en Tecnología, Desarrollo Sostenible, Desequilibrios y Cambio Global de la Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, y Veterinarios sin Fronteras .Pretende plasmar un estudio sobre la deuda ecológica en el ámbito agropecuario, centrándose en el caso particular de la explotación piñera, de Costa Rica. ...

Hospital doctors behave differently, and only by respecting the fundamentals of professional organizations will managers be able to create common goals with professionals.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Dijck, H

2014-08-01

Hospital doctors behave differently from other hospital workers. The general and specific characteristics of the doctors' behavior are described. As professionals, doctors want to make autonomous decisions and more specifically, they negotiate differently. The best description of their negotiation style is one that features multi-actor, multi-issue characteristics. They behave as actors in a network in never-ending rounds of negotiations with variable issues up for discussion: one time you lose, the next you win. A doctor's career starts with a long residency period in which he or she absorbs professional habits. His or her knowledge and way of organizing are implicit. It is hard for him or her to explicitly describe what he or she is doing. This makes it difficult for managers to discuss quality issues with doctors. Dealing with disruptive behavior is not easy either. The difficult tasks of the chief medical officer, who acts as a go-between, are highlighted. Only when managers respect the fundamentals of the professional organization will they be able to create common goals with the professionals. Common goals bring about better care in hospitals.

Solving the economic dispatch problem with a modified quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jun Sun; Wei Fang; Daojun Wang; Wenbo Xu [School of Information Technology, Jiangnan Univ., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122 (China)

2009-12-15

In this paper, a modified quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) method is proposed to solve the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems, whose objective is to simultaneously minimize the generation cost rate while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. The proposed method, denoted as QPSO-DM, combines the QPSO algorithm with differential mutation operation to enhance the global search ability of the algorithm. Many nonlinear characteristics of the generator, such as ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones, and nonsmooth cost functions are considered when the proposed method is used in practical generator operation. The feasibility of the QPSO-DM method is demonstrated by three different power systems. It is compared with the QPSO, the differential evolution (DE), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) in terms of the solution quality, robustness and convergence property. The simulation results show that the proposed QPSO-DM method is able to obtain higher quality solutions stably and efficiently in the ED problem than any other tested optimization algorithm. (author)

Solving the economic dispatch problem with a modified quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Jun; Fang Wei; Wang Daojun; Xu Wenbo

2009-01-01

In this paper, a modified quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) method is proposed to solve the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power systems, whose objective is to simultaneously minimize the generation cost rate while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. The proposed method, denoted as QPSO-DM, combines the QPSO algorithm with differential mutation operation to enhance the global search ability of the algorithm. Many nonlinear characteristics of the generator, such as ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones, and nonsmooth cost functions are considered when the proposed method is used in practical generator operation. The feasibility of the QPSO-DM method is demonstrated by three different power systems. It is compared with the QPSO, the differential evolution (DE), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and the genetic algorithm (GA) in terms of the solution quality, robustness and convergence property. The simulation results show that the proposed QPSO-DM method is able to obtain higher quality solutions stably and efficiently in the ED problem than any other tested optimization algorithm.

Charging and switching of ferroelectrets: how much can ferroelectrets behave like ferroelectrics?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwoediauer, R.; Graz, I.; Bauer, S.

2004-01-01

Dielectrics with good charge storage capability, so called charge electrets, are non or weakly-polar materials. Despite their non-polar nature porous charge electrets with internally charged surfaces can exhibit very pronounced piezoelectricity. Such systems have been termed 'ferroelectrets' and they have been receiving growing attention over the last few years. Their puzzling and unexpected features resemble very much those normally known from traditional ferroelectrics: ferroelectrets are piezo- and pyroelectric, their polarization can be reversed by means of an external field and electrical as well as mechanical hysteresis loops were observed. As conventional ferroelectrics are different and more complicated than ferromagnets, so are ferroelectrets different and more complex than most ferroelectrics. Here we report about the very different charging and switching mechanism in ferroelectrets, both in simple model-systems and in less simple foam structures. These mechanisms are crucial and form the basis for the striking phenomenological similarities to ferroelectrics. We also want to address some of the specific peculiarities and pitfalls related to present ferroelectrets and their characterization. Interfacial charge injection at high electric fields and anelastic non-linearities, for instance, can be the cause for false ferroelectric-like hysteresis effects which do not reflect any polarization reversal. Our contribution is an attempt towards a more comprehensive picture of how much ferroelectrets behave like ferroelectrics. (author)

A problemática ecológica na visão de trabalhadores hospitalares The ecological debate from the hospital workers'standpoint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silviamar Camponogara

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Estudo que objetiva conhecer o que pensam os trabalhadores hospitalares sobre a problemática ecológica, buscando subsídios que possam fomentar uma discussão sobre o desenvolvimento de ações responsáveis, por parte destes sujeitos, no contexto do trabalho hospitalar. O referencial teórico utilizado para discussão está assentado na concepção de Sociedade de Risco e Modernidade Reflexiva, defendida por sociólogos contemporâneos. Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando a estratégia do estudo de caso, realizada junto a trabalhadores hospitalares, de uma instituição pública. Os dados foram coletados por meio de análise documental, observação de campo e entrevista individual e coletiva. O estudo revela que o trabalhador hospitalar possui uma visão de distanciamento com relação à questão ambiental, sendo, reflexivamente, afetado pela atual problemática ecológica. Esta concepção também sofre influência de fatores específicos do contexto de trabalho hospitalar. Conclui-se pela importância de ações educativas junto aos trabalhadores, no sentido de buscarem-se ações mais responsáveis em relação à preservação ambiental.This study seeks to ascertain what hospital workers think about the ecologic debate, looking for opinions that may elicit a discussion about the development of responsible actions to be taken by this group in the context of hospital work. The theoretical benchmark used for this discussion is based on the Reflexive Modernization and the Risk Society concept proposed by contemporary sociologists. This involved qualitative research using case study strategy and it was carried out with hospital workers at a public institution. The data were collected using document analysis, field observation and individual and group interviews. The study revealed that hospital workers take a somewhat distant view in terms of the environmental issue, which is reflexively affected by the current ecological debate

Ações sustentáveis para concepção de loteamentos ecológicos um Estudo de caso da Empresa Ellenco.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Odair de Almeida Ferreira

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com o meio ambiente, e também com os processos produtivos das empresas de modo geral, devido as grandes emissões de agentes poluidores na atmosfera e recursos hídricos, vem prejudicando a flora, fauna e comprometendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas, e afetando todo o eco sistema e a sobrevivência do nosso planeta. Isso tem levado muitos consumidores a repensarem em seus hábitos, optando muitas vezes em adquirir e consumir produtos que possuem práticas em pró a preservação do planeta, diversas empresas atentas a essas mudanças comportamental, e de fato comprometida com as práticas sustentáveis, tem realizados nos últimos anos mudanças na concepção de seus produtos contemplando ações ecológicas. Dessa forma, a proposta deste artigo é discutir as ações possíveis de serem implantadas pelas loteadoras em seus residenciais, de forma que possa tornar os empreendimentos compatíveis aos conceitos de sustentabilidade. A metodologia utilizada foi à bibliográfica por meio do método dedutivo, e também será baseada nas experiências da empresa Ellenco Empreendimentos Imobiliários Ltda, uma loteadora, a qual se destina em implantar projetos residenciais no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de identificação da concepção de loteamento com características sustentáveis da empresa. Por tanto, o objetivo da pesquisa é de apresentar as ações necessárias para a concepção de um loteamento sustentável. Em consonância com a bibliografia que trata do tema, e mais as análises de observação da empresa loteadora, foi possível identificar um conjunto de 18 ações em pró a sustentabilidade as quais poderão ser implantadas em um residencial. Chegando de forma consistente aos cumprimentos do objetivo e problemática da pesquisa, uma vez que a preocupação ao meio ambiente é uma necessidade real e deve ser consideras por todas as empresas, e também, considerando a existência de um nicho de mercado disposto

Segio Federowsky. El medioambiente no le importa a nadie. Bestialidades ecológicas en la Argentina: del Riachuelo a las Papeleras : Editorial Planeta, Buenos Aires, 2007, 272 páginas

OpenAIRE

Tram[p]as de la Comunicación y la Cultura

2008-01-01

Desde un enfoque más genérico y no abocado exclusivamente a sus vínculos con el proceso comunicacional, el biólogo y periodista Sergio Federovisky publicó El medio ambiente no le importa a nadie. Bestialidades ecológicas en la Argentina: del Riachuelo a las Papeleras. Tras un prólogo del jurista Daniel Sabsay, titular de la Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (FARN), el autor se interroga: “¿Cómo es posible que todo el mundo diga que hay que cuidar el medio ambiente, que hay que proteger ...

O conhecimento local sobre a fauna edáfica e suas relações com o solo em agroecossistema familiar de base ecológica: um estudo de caso

OpenAIRE

Schiavon, Greice de Almeida; Lima, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues de; Schiedeck, Gustavo; Schwengber, José Ernani; Schubert, Ryan Noremberg; Pereira, Caroline Voser

2014-01-01

O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade agrícola familiar de base ecológica em Morro Redondo (RS), com intuito de analisar o conhecimento local sobre a fauna edáfica e as práticas de manejo do solo no sistema de produção de hortaliças. A família agricultora ressaltou a função das minhocas no solo, além de compreender que as práticas de manejo influenciam a fauna edáfica. A densidade da fauna edáfica foi maior no inverno, porém com diminuição da diversidade e aumento da dominância. O potenci...

Environ: E00385 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available , Elsholtziaketone Elscholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens [TAX:475396], Elsholtzia haichowensis [TAX:331068], Elsholtzia [TAX...:41225], Mosla chinensis [TAX:516065] ... Lamiaceae (mint family) Elsholtzia herb ...

Mamíferos silvestres de la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel en Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. Wild mammals of Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM, Mexico, D.F.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Hortelano-Moncada

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un inventario de las especies de mamíferos que habitan en la Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel (REPSA. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de registros de colecciones científicas, de recolectas recientes en el área y de consultas en literatura especializada. Los resultados comprenden 628 registros acumulados desde 1943 y corresponden a 33 especies, agrupadas en 28 géneros, 15 familias y 6 órdenes de mamíferos. La ardilla gris (Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens y el ratón del altiplano (Peromyscus melanophrys melanophrys se registran por primera vez para la REPSA; asimismo, existen 2 registros que están publicados pero no listados en los inventarios previos a la reserva, el murciélago colorado, Lasiurus blossevillii teliotis, y el cuinique, Spermophilus adocetus adocetus; en las categorías de riesgo se encuentran como amenazadas 2 especies y 1 en la de protección especial, y hay 7 endémicas de México. La Reserva es uno de los últimos reductos de material genético de especies cuya localidad tipo se encuentra en la cuenca de México. El componente mastofaunístico de la zona es importante para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad, por lo que el estudio y la protección de este ecosistema al interior de la ciudad de México debe continuarse.This paper documents the mammals from the Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel. Data were gathered from records in mammal collections, the specialized literature, and through collecting efforts in the area. Records spanning 1943 to the present document the presence of 33 species, 28 genera, 15 families, and 6 orders of mammals. One squirrel and one mouse (Sciurus aureogaster nigrescens, and Peromyscus m. melanophrys are reported for the first time for the reserve. Two addtional records have been previously published but have not been included in previous inventories for the reserve: the red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii teliotis and the cuinique, Spermophilus adocetus

The role of the intrinsic cholinergic system of the striatum: What have we learned from TAN recordings in behaving animals?

Science.gov (United States)

Apicella, Paul

2017-09-30

Cholinergic interneurons provide rich local innervation of the striatum and play an important role in controlling behavior, as evidenced by the variety of movement and psychiatric disorders linked to disrupted striatal cholinergic transmission. Much progress has been made in recent years regarding our understanding of how these interneurons contribute to the processing of information in the striatum. In particular, investigation of the activity of presumed striatal cholinergic interneurons, identified as tonically active neurons or TANs in behaving animals, has pointed to their role in the signaling and learning of the motivational relevance of environmental stimuli. Although the bulk of this work has been conducted in monkeys, several studies have also been carried out in behaving rats, but information remains rather disparate across studies and it is still questionable whether rodent TANs correspond to TANs described in monkeys. Consequently, our current understanding of the function of cholinergic transmission in the striatum is challenged by the rapidly growing, but often confusing literature on the relationship between TAN activity and specific behaviors. As regards the precise nature of the information conveyed by the cholinergic TANs, a recent influential view emphasized that these local circuit neurons may play a special role in the processing of contextual information that is important for reinforcement learning and selection of appropriate actions. This review provides a summary of recent progress in TAN physiology from which it is proposed that striatal cholinergic interneurons are crucial elements for flexible switching of behaviors under changing environmental conditions. Copyright © 2017 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aspectos a considerar para la promoción de la participación de los pobladores de Mangomarca, SJL, en las acciones que potencien los beneficios de sus áreas ecológica y arqueológica

OpenAIRE

Ríos Castañeda, Jovana

2016-01-01

La presente investigación nace del reconocimiento de la existencia de un área ecológica (las lomas) y un área arqueológica (las huacas) dentro del territorio de la Urbanización Mangomarca ubicada en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, como recursos potenciales para el desarrollo de esta comunidad, alrededor de los cuales se han formado algunas organizaciones con la finalidad de conservarlos y promocionarlos, sin embargo las acciones que desarrollan no son articuladas y no ...

Factores que influyen en la intención de compra de productos ecológicos de cuidado del hogar en los consumidores de los estratos 5 y 6 de la ciudad de Medellín

OpenAIRE

Díaz Murillo, Gloria Milena; Hernández Lopera, María Camila

2017-01-01

El propósito de esta investigación es describir los factores que influyen en la intención de compra de productos ecológicos de cuidado del hogar en los consumidores de los estratos 5 y 6 de la ciudad de Medellín -- La metodología que se utilizó consistió en una investigación de tipo cualitativo y de nivel descriptivo -- Se aplicaron doce cuestionarios para responder en la web –autodiligenciables–y cinco entrevistas en profundidad -- Los resultados indicaron que los principales factores que in...

Correlación ecológica entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática en México Ecological correlation between alcohol use and cirrhosis mortality in Mexico

OpenAIRE

JOSÉ NARRO-ROBLES; JESÚS HECTOR GUTIÉRREZ-AVILA

1997-01-01

Objetivo. Determinar la correlación entre consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mortalidad por cirrosis hepática. Material y métodos. Se efectuó un análisis de correlación ecológica entre el conjunto de variables que integran el patrón de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas investigadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones en 1993 y la mortalidad por cirrosis hepática, en el periodo 1971-1993 en las ocho regiones en que fue dividido el país. Para determinar el nivel de correlación se utilizaron los co...

Otimização do manejo da pinta preta causada por Guignardia citricarpa Kiely na produção ecológica de tangerinas cv. Montenegrina sob a ótica da pesquisa participativa

OpenAIRE

Juliana Dalmagro Pandolfo

2011-01-01

No Rio Grande do Sul cultiva-se diversas espécies cítricas, destacando-se o município de Montenegro, no Vale do Caí/RS. Para a produção de frutas destinadas ao consumo in natura, a maioria dos citricultores adota pacotes tecnológicos que consistem no uso de insumos químicos e na simplificação do ambiente. No entando, experiências de citricultores ecológicos demonstram ser possível produzir citros usando métodos de manejo que dispensam agrotóxicos ou fertilizantes químicos. Entretanto eles enf...

EN LA BÚSQUEDA DEL ORDEN CÓSMICO: sobre el modelo de manejo ecológico tukano oriental del Vaupés

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LUIS CAYÓN

2001-01-01

Full Text Available DURANTE DÉCADAS, EL MODELO DE EQUILIBRIO ENERGÉTICO DE REICHEL-DOLMATOFF SE ha tomado para analizar y describir la manera como los grupos tukano oriental del Vaupés manejan el medio ambiente. El texto pretende contrastar algunos puntos importantes de dicho modelo a partir de la nueva información etnográfica recogida entre los makuna y profundiza en el sistema de pensamiento del complejo sociocultural tukano oriental, entendido como la integración de los territorios respectivos, de las etnias que lo componen, por medio de la esencia espiritual de yuruparí que corre dentro del sistema hidrográfico de la región; esto hace posible la fecundidad del cosmos. Yuruparí sustenta un sistema cosmológico en el cual las relaciones ecológicas se interpretan como relaciones sociales modeladas por la sociedad humana. Entonces, la selva aparece como un espacio construido culturalmente que depende de la intervención chamanística para su preservación.

Glomerular barrier behaves as an atomically precise bandpass filter in a sub-nanometre regime

Science.gov (United States)

Du, Bujie; Jiang, Xingya; Das, Anindita; Zhou, Qinhan; Yu, Mengxiao; Jin, Rongchao; Zheng, Jie

2017-11-01

The glomerular filtration barrier is known as a 'size cutoff' slit, which retains nanoparticles or proteins larger than 6-8 nm in the body and rapidly excretes smaller ones through the kidneys. However, in the sub-nanometre size regime, we have found that this barrier behaves as an atomically precise 'bandpass' filter to significantly slow down renal clearance of few-atom gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with the same surface ligands but different sizes (Au18, Au15 and Au10-11). Compared to Au25 (∼1.0 nm), just few-atom decreases in size result in four- to ninefold reductions in renal clearance efficiency in the early elimination stage, because the smaller AuNCs are more readily trapped by the glomerular glycocalyx than larger ones. This unique in vivo nano-bio interaction in the sub-nanometre regime also slows down the extravasation of sub-nanometre AuNCs from normal blood vessels and enhances their passive targeting to cancerous tissues through an enhanced permeability and retention effect. This discovery highlights the size precision in the body's response to nanoparticles and opens a new pathway to develop nanomedicines for many diseases associated with glycocalyx dysfunction.

Dopamine Modulates Delta-Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling in the Prefrontal Cortex of Behaving Rats

Science.gov (United States)

Andino-Pavlovsky, Victoria; Souza, Annie C.; Scheffer-Teixeira, Robson; Tort, Adriano B. L.; Etchenique, Roberto; Ribeiro, Sidarta

2017-01-01

Dopamine release and phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (CFC) have independently been implicated in prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning. To causally investigate whether dopamine release affects phase-amplitude comodulation between different frequencies in local field potentials (LFP) recorded from the medial PFC (mPFC) of behaving rats, we used RuBiDopa, a light-sensitive caged compound that releases the neurotransmitter dopamine when irradiated with visible light. LFP power did not change in any frequency band after the application of light-uncaged dopamine, but significantly strengthened phase-amplitude comodulation between delta and gamma oscillations. Saline did not exert significant changes, while injections of dopamine and RuBiDopa produced a slow increase in comodulation for several minutes after the injection. The results show that dopamine release in the medial PFC shifts phase-amplitude comodulation from theta-gamma to delta-gamma. Although being preliminary results due to the limitation of the low number of animals present in this study, our findings suggest that dopamine-mediated modification of the frequencies involved in comodulation could be a mechanism by which this neurotransmitter regulates functioning in mPFC. PMID:28536507

Producción minero-metalúrgica antigua y catástrofes ecológicas antropogénicas: una introducción al problema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chernykh, Eugène N.

1994-12-01

Full Text Available Not available

El artículo es una introducción al problema de la interdependencia entre la metalurgia antigua y las catástrofes ecológicas. El método de estudio propuesto depende de los enfoques planteados en el trabajo. El principal, la determinación de dos estadios, uno pre-industrial y otro industrial, en el desarrollo de la metalurgia se basa en el tipo de energía utilizado para la reducción del metal. En el caso del estadio pre-industrial que ha durado casi seis milenios, desde el V milenio a.C. hasta el siglo XVIII a.D. el tipo de energía no varió: el carbón vegetal. Ello nos ha permitido extrapolar los cálculos del consumo de este tipo de combustible en época moderna a la Prehistoria. Ello ha sido posible gracias sobre todo a los estudios efectuados en el conjunto minero de Kargali, en la región del Ural meridional, donde hay restos de minas prehistóricas y modernas. La evaluación del nivel de extracción minera y de metalurgia pre-indutrial indica un inmenso consumo de carbón vegetal que llevó a la desaparición de los bosques y tuvo consecuencias muy graves desde el punto de vista ecológico lo que a su vez, dio lugar a problemas sociales y culturales en las comunidades humanas. Como conclusión se propone una periodización de las Primeras Edades del Metal, y se determinan los territorios donde se podría esperar diversos grados de presión ecológica, así como las consecuencias que se analizan a lo largo del texto. [fr] L'ancienne production minière et métallurgique et les catastrophes écologiques anthropogènes: introduction au problème. L'article présente une introduction sur le problème de l'interdépendance de la métallurgie ancienne et des catastrophes écologiques. La méthode d'étude proposée dépend des approches posées dans le travail. La principale, la détérmination de deux stades. pré-industriel et industriel, dans le développement de la métallurgie se base sur le type de l

Cambio temporal en la huella ecológica de la región de Murcia y su uso como indicador de desertificación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Hernández Laguna

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Numerosos estudios han alertado sobre el proceso de desertifi cación en la Región de Murcia, en el Sureste de la Península Ibérica. Su clima semiárido junto con la defi ciente gestión de sus fértiles suelos, son responsables de la degradación de sus recursos naturales. La Huella Ecológica de una población es una medida de la presión sobre la tierra en términos de hectáreas de tierra per capita necesarias para el sostenimiento de dicha población dada la tecnología usada. Junto con la biocapacidad de la tierra, HE mide la sostenibilidad del territorio. En este trabajo, se mide la HE de la Región de Murcia para dos años consecutivos, 1995 y 2001. Un claro paralelismo es observado entre la variación de este indicador y la desertifi cación.

Head-mounted LED for optogenetic experiments of freely-behaving animal

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Ki Yong; Gnade, Andrew G.; Rush, Alexander D.; Patten, Craig D.

2016-03-01

Recent developments in optogenetics have demonstrated the ability to target specific types of neurons with sub-millisecond temporal precision via direct optical stimulation of genetically modified neurons in the brain. In most applications, the beam of a laser is coupled to an optical fiber, which guides and delivers the optical power to the region of interest. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are an alternative light source for optogenetics and they provide many advantages over a laser based system including cost, size, illumination stability, and fast modulation. Their compact size and low power consumption make LEDs suitable light sources for a wireless optogenetic stimulation system. However, the coupling efficiency of an LED's output light into an optical fiber is lower than a laser due to its noncollimated output light. In typical chronic optogenetic experiment, the output of the light source is transmitted to the brain through a patch cable and a fiber stub implant, and this configuration requires two fiber-to-fiber couplings. Attenuation within the patch cable is potential source of optical power loss. In this study, we report and characterize a recently developed light delivery method for freely-behaving animal experiments. We have developed a head-mounted light source that maximizes the coupling efficiency of an LED light source by eliminating the need for a fiber optic cable. This miniaturized LED is designed to couple directly to the fiber stub implant. Depending on the desired optical power output, the head-mounted LED can be controlled by either a tethered (high power) or battery-powered wireless (moderate power) controller. In the tethered system, the LED is controlled through 40 gauge micro coaxial cable which is thinner, more flexible, and more durable than a fiber optic cable. The battery-powered wireless system uses either infrared or radio frequency transmission to achieve real-time control. Optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal

Draft Tube Baffle (DTB) crystallizers: A study of stationary and dynamically behaving Crystal Size Distributions (CSD)

Science.gov (United States)

Deleer, B. G. M.

1981-11-01

Based on population balance, CSD behavior as a function of geometrical and operating variables was studied, using a crystallizer. A potash alum-water system, involving a separation technique which uses surface active agents and an apolar, organic liquid to separate potash alum crystals from mother liquid under the influence of gravity was used to check experimental findings against literature data. Results show action of annular settling spaces is strongly influenced by fluid velocities perpendicular to those directed upwards. The well-mixed volume decreases with increasing crystallizer size until a minimum effective volume is reached. As supersaturation is constant throughout the crystallizer volume under stationary operating conditions, the annular settling space behaves like a growth chamber for crystals in its volume. Swirl in the lower part of the annular volume introduces significant back mixing. Crystals within this space either grow and return to the well-mixed part, or withdraw from the annular volume permanently.

Ecological paradigm of legionella: a revision. New strategy and its implication in public health Revisión del paradigma ecológico de la 'legionella'. Estrategia ecológica y su implicación en salud pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Bernardo Ferrer Simó

2008-12-01

fundamental, in order to find block substances .Regarding the relation with the biofilm (authentic critical point of the system its elimination or decrease to minimal levels by the utilization of specific materials, the design of devices or systems of easy cleanliness (curved corners, accessible spaces, suitable maintenance of the facilities (inlays, corroded surfaces, etc. with frequent (physics cleanliness and the continuously utilization of substances against the film are necessary.Algunos aspectos difícilmente explicados por el modelo ecológico descrito por Rowbothan en 1980, como son: la dosis infecciosa anormalmente baja, las largas distancias en las cuales la bacteria permanece viable en el seno del aerosol difundido, la dificultad de crecimiento en los medios de cultivo estándar, la poca eficacia de los desinfectantes antilegionela en el control de los brotes, la reinfección o sencillamente la ausencia de transmisión persona-persona, son analizados bajo el prisma de la microbiología ecológica. Centrados en la relación bacteria-protozoo, diversos estudios sugieren que la amplificación o crecimiento bacteriano podría tener lugar en dos fases o etapas, funcionalmente distintas, según la proporción o ratio bacteria-ameba (MOI- multiplicity of infection. En una primera fase de crecimiento rápido, en la que esta relación es sustancialmente baja, la entrada de una bacteria de legionela en la ameba originaría una única vacuola, que tras la lisis amebiana, liberaría al medio formas libres infectantes para otras amebas. La segunda etapa, de diseminación o colonización de otros nichos ecológicos, con relaciones MOI altas, se producen varias vesículas de crecimiento en el interior de la ameba que serían expulsadas por la misma sin necesidad de lisar. El enquistamiento de la ameba en esta fase, se produce tras la liberación masiva al medio de las vesículas que hubiera en el interior. Algunos autores sugieren que estas vesículas por sus características de

You are fair, but I expect you to also behave unfairly: Positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations for moderate morality information.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrice Rusconi

Full Text Available Trait inference in person perception is based on observers' implicit assumptions about the relations between trait adjectives (e.g., fair and the either consistent or inconsistent behaviors (e.g., having double standards that an actor can manifest. This article presents new empirical data and theoretical interpretations on people' behavioral expectations, that is, people's perceived trait-behavior relations along the morality (versus competence dimension. We specifically address the issue of the moderate levels of both traits and behaviors almost neglected by prior research by using a measure of the perceived general frequency of behaviors. A preliminary study identifies a set of competence- and morality-related traits and a subset of traits balanced for valence. Studies 1-2 show that moral target persons are associated with greater behavioral flexibility than immoral ones where abstract categories of behaviors are concerned. For example, participants judge it more likely that a fair person would behave unfairly than an unfair person would behave fairly. Study 3 replicates the results of the first 2 studies using concrete categories of behaviors (e.g., telling the truth/omitting some information. Study 4 shows that the positive asymmetry in morality-related trait-behavior relations holds for both North-American and European (i.e., Italian individuals. A small-scale meta-analysis confirms the existence of a positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations along both morality and competence dimensions for moderate levels of both traits and behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to prior models and results on trait-behavior relations and we advance a motivational explanation based on self-protection.

You are fair, but I expect you to also behave unfairly: Positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations for moderate morality information.

Science.gov (United States)

Rusconi, Patrice; Sacchi, Simona; Capellini, Roberta; Brambilla, Marco; Cherubini, Paolo

2017-01-01

Trait inference in person perception is based on observers' implicit assumptions about the relations between trait adjectives (e.g., fair) and the either consistent or inconsistent behaviors (e.g., having double standards) that an actor can manifest. This article presents new empirical data and theoretical interpretations on people' behavioral expectations, that is, people's perceived trait-behavior relations along the morality (versus competence) dimension. We specifically address the issue of the moderate levels of both traits and behaviors almost neglected by prior research by using a measure of the perceived general frequency of behaviors. A preliminary study identifies a set of competence- and morality-related traits and a subset of traits balanced for valence. Studies 1-2 show that moral target persons are associated with greater behavioral flexibility than immoral ones where abstract categories of behaviors are concerned. For example, participants judge it more likely that a fair person would behave unfairly than an unfair person would behave fairly. Study 3 replicates the results of the first 2 studies using concrete categories of behaviors (e.g., telling the truth/omitting some information). Study 4 shows that the positive asymmetry in morality-related trait-behavior relations holds for both North-American and European (i.e., Italian) individuals. A small-scale meta-analysis confirms the existence of a positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations along both morality and competence dimensions for moderate levels of both traits and behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to prior models and results on trait-behavior relations and we advance a motivational explanation based on self-protection.

ICMS ecológico: conceito e repercussões na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gelze Serrat de Souza Campos Rodrigues

2014-11-01

Full Text Available A legislação ambiental brasileira define os instrumentos de intervenção do Estado no planejamento e na gestão ambiental. Um desses instrumentos é o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços Ecológico (ICMS Ecológico. Por meio da arrecadação do ICMS (Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Prestação de Serviços, os estados podem disponibilizar uma parcela do seu montante aos municípios, com a utilização de diversos critérios, dentre eles o ambiental. Este artigo apresenta o sistema de redistribuição desse imposto, segundo os critérios ambientais, executado no estado de Minas Gerais, e analisa suas implicações na conservação ambiental do município de Uberlândia, oeste de Minas Gerais. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e trabalhos de campo, constata-se a potencialidade desse instrumento e a falta de seu alcance no que tange ao índice de conservação ambiental. Por fim, propõe-se algumas mudanças na normatização estadual, a fim de se atingir o seu objetivo: a melhoria da qualidade ambiental. Abstract ECOLOGICAL GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: CONCEPT AND REPERCUSSIONS IN THE UBERLÂNDIA MUNICIPALITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, MINAS GERAIS The Brazilian environmental legislation sets the intervention instruments of the states on environmental management and planning. One of such instruments is the Ecological Goods and Services Tax. Through this tax fundraising, the states can share part of the total with the cities, by the usage of many criteria, among 76. GeoTextos, vol. 10, n. 2, dez. 2014. G. Rodrigues 75-97 them the environmental criteria. This article shows this tax redistribution system, according to the environmental criteria, executed in Minas Gerais state, and analyses its implications on the environmental conservation of Uberlândia, western Minas Gerais. Through bibliographic revision, documental research and fieldwork, it is noted the potential of such

Estudio de la adaptación del Albergue Rural ACTIO, Centro de Educación Ambiental y Turismo Rural, situado en Alborache (Valencia), para el cumplimiento de los requisitos de la etiqueta ecológica Europea ECOLABEL

OpenAIRE

FERRÚS MUÑOZ, MARÍA MERCEDES

2017-01-01

[ES] La etiqueta europea ECOLABEL es un sistema implantado en la Unión Europea para identificar los productos y servicios más respetuosos con el medio ambiente. Tiene por finalidad promover la reducción del impacto medioambiental de estos servicios, proporcionando al consumidor una información veraz y con base científica. La obtención de la etiqueta ECOLABEL exige el cumplimiento de unos criterios ecológicos mínimos establecidos por la Comisión Europea. Los criterios se establecen co...

La información del Sistema de Cuentas Económicas y Ecológicas en México: algunos usos y desafíos en la elaboración de estadísticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anabel Martínez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta uno de los usos que se puede dar a algunos indicadores ambientales; tal es el caso de la información descrita en el Sistema de Cuentas Económicas y Ecológicas de México (SCEEM que, combinada con datos del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales, posibilita obtener el índice de sustentabilidad propuesto por Pearce y Atkinson para el caso de México. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y bajo ciertos supuestos, se puede concluir que el crecimiento de la economía mexicana para el periodo de 1988-1996 fue "no sustentable".

[Paul Dorveau (July 21, 1851 - January 7 1938), a librarian of the Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de Paris and cofounder of the Société d'histoire de la pharmacie].

Science.gov (United States)

Viel, Claude; Warolin, Christian

2003-01-01

Paul Dorveaux was appointed librarian of the Ecole supérieure de pharmacie de Paris in 1884. He was associated to the foundation of the Société d' histoire de la pharmacie in 1913 because of his numerous national and international relations. This physician scholar devoted his life to the study of the medical and pharmaceutical history. Born in Lorraine he published studies on Metz pharmacy history. We owe him publications on the statutes of apothecary communities, pharmacy shops and libraries inventories, apothecaries biographies, new editions of ancient pharmacy books and a host of medical sciences studies. Paul Dorveauz published about 300 books and articles.

Abordando las enfermedades respiratorias agudas en niños con un Enfoque Ecológico en la Comunidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Lamus-Lemus

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Disminuir los episodios de enfermedad respiratoria aguda (ERA en las familias, mediante un enfoque modificado del modelo ecológico de Morelatto para identificar y tra-bajar colectivamente determinantes que influyen en la salud respiratoria de niños y niñas.Materiales y Métodos: Durante el proceso se realizaron actividades encaminadas a pre-venir las principales causas de ERA basadas en el modelo transteórico del comportamiento con el fin de generar cambios conductuales en las familias. Para ello se creó una escala de valoración del riesgo de ERA como instrumento de medición de la efectividad de las activi-dades realizadas, otorgándole a cada familia un puntaje antes y después de la intervención para determinar si hubo disminución del mismo. Resultados: Las actividades realizadas conducen a cambios evidenciados en las prácticas cotidianos de las madres y sus familias, reflejadas en la escala de valoración de riesgos a partir de la disminución de conductas que favorecen la enfermedad respiratoria aguda y sus complicaciones en la primera infancia afiliada a la FA R -Génesis.Conclusiones: Una menor exposición a eventos y complicaciones de la ERA en miembros de grupos familiares de la FA R -Génesis puede contribuir a mejorar la resiliencia y dismi-nuir la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica de las familias afectadas regularmente por la ERAsus complicaciones.

Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera, Culicidae feeding habit at the Parque Ecológico do Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil Hábito alimentar de Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera, Culicidae no Parque Ecológico do Tietê, São Paulo, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Z. Laporta

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The blood feeding of a population of Cx. nigripalpus from Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET was investigated using an indirect ELISA protocol. Mosquitoes were captured outside houses. Five hundred sixteen engorged females collected in a reforested area and 25 in an open area were tested. Rodents and dogs were the most common blood sources, accounting for approximately 65.3% of blood meals. Human blood was detected in 10.9%, dog blood in 26.1%, chicken blood in 2.4%, and rodent blood in 39.2% of the 541 insects tested. ELISA failed in identifying the blood sources of 233 engorged females, indicating that the mosquitoes may have fed on a host which was not tested. One hundred six individuals were positive for more than one host. The unweighted human blood index was 0.14 and the rodent/human, human/chicken, and dog/rodent feeding index values were 2.70, 1.51, and 1.33, respectively. Furthermore, rodents are defensive hosts for this haematophagous insect which looks for another host to complete blood-feeding. Considering that rodents are potential reservoirs for Mucambo virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus and that Cx. nigripalpus feed on the blood of those mammals, we hypothesize that mosquito population in PET could participate in the transmission cycle of those arboviruses. Additionally, this species might be involved in the transmission of Dirofilaria immitis to dogs at this area.O hábito alimentar da população de Cx. nigripalpus do Parque Ecológico do Tietê (PET foi investigado usando um protocolo de ELISA indireto. Foram testadas 516 e 25 fêmeas ingurgitadas e capturadas, respectivamente, em áreas reflorestadas e abertas. Roedores e canídeos foram fontes alimentares mais freqüentes, em aproximadamente 65.3% dos repastos sangüíneos. De um total de 541 fêmeas ingurgitadas, foram detectadas freqüências de repastos sangüíneos em humanos (10.9%, canídeos (26.1%, galinídeos (2.4% e roedores (39.2%. As fontes alimentares de 233 f

"Transiciones ecológicas": Estudio del afrontamiento de las crisis vitales migración, encarcelamiento y divorcio desde el enfoque de la Psicología Positiva "Ecological transition": A study of coping with migration, imprisonment and divorce life crisis from Positive Psychology approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabel María Mikulic

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio aborda el afrontamiento de distintas transiciones ecológicas como migración, encarcelamiento y divorcio; integrando conceptos de la Psicología Positiva y la Evaluación Psicológica. "Transiciones ecológicas", siguiendo el modelo de Bronfenbrenner, son "aquellos cambios en la posición de una persona dentro del ambiente ecológico en el que está inmersa, como consecuencia de un cambio de rol, de entorno, o de ambos a la vez" (Bronfenbrenner, 1987. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo que permitió analizar el impacto de tres sucesos estresantes migración, divorcio y privación de libertad, a partir de la selección intencional de tres grupos de 30 participantes cada uno y la comparación con un grupo control que no experimentó ninguna de las situaciones mencionadas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que existen diferencias significativas en las respuestas de afrontamiento seleccionadas ya que los grupos que atravesaron un suceso vital estresante evidencian mayores puntajes en respuestas centradas en la emoción. Ello confirma que las características específicas de una transición vital, contextualizan e influyen en la selección de respuestas de afrontamiento con las que se afrontan las emociones provenientes de una crisis y se mantiene un equilibrio afectivo (Moos, 1986.This study is focused on different ecological transitions coping, migration, imprisonment and divorce; and integrates concepts from Positive Psychology and Psychological Assessment. Bronfenbrenner (1987 defines an ecological transition as occurring "whenever a person's position in the ecological environment is altered as the result of a change in role, setting or both." Four intentional samples, thirty participants in each, have been analized in this exploratory-descriptive research: a migration sample, b divorced sample, c inmates sample and d control sample. Results show that there are significant differences in the coping responses

El impacto de la información y la conducta pro - ecológica sobre del consumo doméstico de agua

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dionicio Morales Ramírez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar si la información, las actitudes y la disposición hacia el cuidado del agua son determinantes para explicar el consumo de agua en el sector doméstico. Como base para el análisis , el consumo de agua per capita de 1100 hogares ubicados en el Área M etropolitana de Monterrey, México fue estudiado. S e elabora ron p ruebas de asociación y se estimó una función de demanda mediante Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios , que incluye tant o el precio del servicio, el ingreso y una variable que captura la información que poseen los individuos sobre el cuidado del agua, las actitudes proactivas y su disposición hacia el cuidado de l a misma. Los resultados indican que e l precio, l os ing resos y las actitudes proactivas son variables importantes pa ra explicar el consumo de agua. Por ello, es importante estimular este tipo de actitudes pro - ecológicas en la sociedad para conservar este recurso natural y contribuir a alcanzar un consumo sustentable de agua.

Fatores ecológicos associados à colonização e ao desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas e desafios de manejo Ecological factors associated to aquatic macrophyte colonization and growth and management challenges

OpenAIRE

S.M. Thomaz

2002-01-01

As macrófitas constituem-se em uma importante assembléia de ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, mas seu crescimento excessivo pode provocar danos aos usos múltiplos de alguns ambientes. Durante o processo de sucessão ecológica, a maioria dos ecossistemas aquáticos é colonizada, em diferentes graus, pela vegetação aquática. No entanto, explosões populacionais são usualmente decorrentes de ações antrópicas, como introduções de espécies exóticas e alterações de habitats. O conhecimento da ecolo...

Relação entre distribuição de espécies arbóreas e topografia em um gradiente florestal na Estação Ecológica do Panga (Uberlândia, MG)

OpenAIRE

CARDOSO, EDIVANE; SCHIAVINI, IVAN

2002-01-01

Objetivou-se caracterizar a topografia da área estudada e avaliar sua relação com a distribuição das 20 principais espécies arbóreas amostradas em um gradiente florestal (galeria, mesófila semidecídua de encosta e cerradão), na Estação Ecológica do Panga, município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Utilizando-se mangueira de nível, foram medidos os desníveis entre pontos de 211 parcelas distribuídas em oito transectos. O gradiente florestal situa-se sobre uma vertente predominantemente con...

Anatomia ecológica e crescimento do lenho de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) Smith & Downs, em diferentes condiçoes geomorfológicas e pedológicas da planície do Rio Iguaçu - PR

OpenAIRE

Cosmo, Nelson Luiz

2013-01-01

Pretendeu-se neste trabalho analisar a anatomia do lenho e o crescimento de Sebastiania commersoniana (branquilho), visando identificar possíveis respostas desta espécie às condições ecológicas das planícies fluviais. Nestes ambientes, a espécie tem ampla distribuição, graças à sua capacidade de se estabelecer em diversas condições geomorfológicas e pedológicas. Foram avaliadas árvores crescendo em três áreas de duas localidades distintas na planície do rio Iguaçu. Em Guajuvira, município da ...

You are fair, but I expect you to also behave unfairly: Positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations for moderate morality information

Science.gov (United States)

Rusconi, Patrice; Sacchi, Simona; Capellini, Roberta; Brambilla, Marco; Cherubini, Paolo

2017-01-01

Trait inference in person perception is based on observers’ implicit assumptions about the relations between trait adjectives (e.g., fair) and the either consistent or inconsistent behaviors (e.g., having double standards) that an actor can manifest. This article presents new empirical data and theoretical interpretations on people’ behavioral expectations, that is, people’s perceived trait-behavior relations along the morality (versus competence) dimension. We specifically address the issue of the moderate levels of both traits and behaviors almost neglected by prior research by using a measure of the perceived general frequency of behaviors. A preliminary study identifies a set of competence- and morality-related traits and a subset of traits balanced for valence. Studies 1–2 show that moral target persons are associated with greater behavioral flexibility than immoral ones where abstract categories of behaviors are concerned. For example, participants judge it more likely that a fair person would behave unfairly than an unfair person would behave fairly. Study 3 replicates the results of the first 2 studies using concrete categories of behaviors (e.g., telling the truth/omitting some information). Study 4 shows that the positive asymmetry in morality-related trait-behavior relations holds for both North-American and European (i.e., Italian) individuals. A small-scale meta-analysis confirms the existence of a positive asymmetry in trait-behavior relations along both morality and competence dimensions for moderate levels of both traits and behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to prior models and results on trait-behavior relations and we advance a motivational explanation based on self-protection. PMID:28700702

Cancer Feature Selection and Classification Using a Binary Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maolong Xi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on the feature gene selection for cancer classification, which employs an optimization algorithm to select a subset of the genes. We propose a binary quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (BQPSO for cancer feature gene selection, coupling support vector machine (SVM for cancer classification. First, the proposed BQPSO algorithm is described, which is a discretized version of original QPSO for binary 0-1 optimization problems. Then, we present the principle and procedure for cancer feature gene selection and cancer classification based on BQPSO and SVM with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV. Finally, the BQPSO coupling SVM (BQPSO/SVM, binary PSO coupling SVM (BPSO/SVM, and genetic algorithm coupling SVM (GA/SVM are tested for feature gene selection and cancer classification on five microarray data sets, namely, Leukemia, Prostate, Colon, Lung, and Lymphoma. The experimental results show that BQPSO/SVM has significant advantages in accuracy, robustness, and the number of feature genes selected compared with the other two algorithms.

Cancer Feature Selection and Classification Using a Binary Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Jun; Liu, Li; Fan, Fangyun; Wu, Xiaojun

2016-01-01

This paper focuses on the feature gene selection for cancer classification, which employs an optimization algorithm to select a subset of the genes. We propose a binary quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (BQPSO) for cancer feature gene selection, coupling support vector machine (SVM) for cancer classification. First, the proposed BQPSO algorithm is described, which is a discretized version of original QPSO for binary 0-1 optimization problems. Then, we present the principle and procedure for cancer feature gene selection and cancer classification based on BQPSO and SVM with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV). Finally, the BQPSO coupling SVM (BQPSO/SVM), binary PSO coupling SVM (BPSO/SVM), and genetic algorithm coupling SVM (GA/SVM) are tested for feature gene selection and cancer classification on five microarray data sets, namely, Leukemia, Prostate, Colon, Lung, and Lymphoma. The experimental results show that BQPSO/SVM has significant advantages in accuracy, robustness, and the number of feature genes selected compared with the other two algorithms. PMID:27642363

Development of calibration factors of moss (Hylocomium splendens); Utvikling av kalibreringsfaktorer for mose (Hylocomium splendens)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berg, T

1996-01-01

The present paper relates to atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Norway. These elements are mapped geographically in every fifth year by analysing bio-monitored mosses. This is a part of an original Scandinavian monitoring program which gradually expanded to other parts of Europe. In 1995, 32 countries participated in the program. The investigation of mosses in Norway has also been used as a basis for the development of special environment indicators for monitoring atmospheric long-range transported heavy metals. 9 refs., 1 fig.

TRILHAS ECOLÓGICAS COM ORIENTAÇÃO PARA PESSOAS SURDAS Ecological Trekkings with orientation to deaf people Trillas Ecológicas com orientación para personas sordas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2008-12-01

Full Text Available