WorldWideScience

Sample records for som evidence includes

  1. Evaluering som kvalitetsstøtte og mål som guide

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Levinsen, Karin Tweddell; Sørensen, Birgitte Holm

    2017-01-01

    Dette kapitel omhandler sammenhængen mellem det didaktiske design og evalueringspraksisser som aktivite der understøtter elevernes læring både som proces og produkt. Først gøres der rede for de anvendte begreber, og der argumenteres for, at formative og summative evalueringer kan forstås som...

  2. Studerende som co-creators

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Line Palle

    En kogebog blev udviklet med studerende som co-creators på 3 moduler om innovation, skriftlig kommunikation og praktik med redigering. Healeys model om student-partnerships blev anvendt som fundament......En kogebog blev udviklet med studerende som co-creators på 3 moduler om innovation, skriftlig kommunikation og praktik med redigering. Healeys model om student-partnerships blev anvendt som fundament...

  3. Mobning som socialt begreb

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schott, Robin May

    2009-01-01

    Artiklen analyserer mobning i skolen som et socialt fænomen snarere end som en relation mellem individuelle mobbere og deres ofre. Denne tilgang afspejler nyere forskning, der har fokuseret på mobningens sociale dynamik, og står derved i modsætning til den individualistisk tilgang, der ellers har...... domineret feltet. Jeg undersøger tre definition af mobning: 1) mobning som en form for individuel aggression, 2) mobning som en slags samfundsmæssig vold og 3) mobning som en form for dysfunktionel gruppedynamik og kommer med et forslag til en ny definition....

  4. Leg som ustyrlig deltagelseskultur

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Toft, Herdis

    2017-01-01

    - og spilteoretikere Johan Huizinga og Roger Caillois. Deres teorier og begrebsdannelser har været brugt til at påpege leg dels som et æstetisk baseret betydningssystem, dels som et affektivt og stemningsbaseret oplevelsessystem samt endelig som et socialt baseret relationssystem. I artiklen vælger vi...... at fokusere på leg som et socialt baseret relationssystem og yderligere zoome ind på et af legens systemiske væsenstræk, nemlig brugen af regulerbare regelsæt, som legerne uden ’politi’ forhandler sig frem til før, under og efter legen. Fælles for Huizinga og Caillois er, at de knytter leg uløseligt sammen...

  5. Musik som analogi og metafor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bonde, Lars Ole

    2014-01-01

    Indeholder underkapitlerne: 2.5.1 Musik som analogi 2.5.2 Musik som metafor 2.5.3 Musikkens psykologiske funktioner - en taxonomi og metaforisk lytning til fire baroksatser......Indeholder underkapitlerne: 2.5.1 Musik som analogi 2.5.2 Musik som metafor 2.5.3 Musikkens psykologiske funktioner - en taxonomi og metaforisk lytning til fire baroksatser...

  6. Kulturen som krænkelsens virkelighed

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brock, Steen

    2006-01-01

    En analyse af forholdet mellem natur og kultur i relation til en opfattelse af kultur, som har sin oprindelse i Cicero, og som har sin genklang i moderne tænkere som Goethe, Wittgenstein, Cavell og E. Wolfgang Orth.......En analyse af forholdet mellem natur og kultur i relation til en opfattelse af kultur, som har sin oprindelse i Cicero, og som har sin genklang i moderne tænkere som Goethe, Wittgenstein, Cavell og E. Wolfgang Orth....

  7. Boken som medium

    OpenAIRE

    Pelle, Snickars

    2012-01-01

    I slutet av september 2011 presenterade Amazon ett ny slags surfplatta, Kindle Fire. Till skillnad från företagets tidigare läsplattor, som (nästan) enbart handlat om läsning på skärm, var detta en Kindle som behärskade hela det samtidsmediala spektrat. Under ledning av Amazons VD Jeff Bezos var själva lanseringen av Kindle Fire visserligen en ganska platt historia. Bezos är ingen estradör och en föga karismatisk företagsledare med än mindre publikreaktioner gör inte någon succé – eller som e...

  8. Gipskroppe som performance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, Henrik

    2010-01-01

    Analyse af den Kgl. Afstøbningssamlings nøgne gipsfigurer og samlingens nedtur igennem historien, med Judith Butler og andres performativitetsteorietiske begrebsapparat som metode.......Analyse af den Kgl. Afstøbningssamlings nøgne gipsfigurer og samlingens nedtur igennem historien, med Judith Butler og andres performativitetsteorietiske begrebsapparat som metode....

  9. Supervision som undervisningsform i voksenspecialundervisningen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kristensen, René

    2000-01-01

    Supervision som undervisningsform i voksenspecialundervisningen. Procesarbejde i undervisning af voksne.......Supervision som undervisningsform i voksenspecialundervisningen. Procesarbejde i undervisning af voksne....

  10. Komponist som kirkefader?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Petersen, Nils Holger

    2016-01-01

    En diskussion primært af Karl Barths anvendelse Mozart in sin Kirchliche Dogmatik under læren om "das Nichtige", som en slags løsning på theodicé-problemet.......En diskussion primært af Karl Barths anvendelse Mozart in sin Kirchliche Dogmatik under læren om "das Nichtige", som en slags løsning på theodicé-problemet....

  11. Forskere som nano-arkitekter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Morten Muhlig; Andersen, Ebbe Sloth

    2009-01-01

    Dna er et fantastisk byggemateriale, som ud fra enkle principper kan samle sig selv til umådeligt komplicerede strukturer. Forskerne udnytter nu disse egenskaber til at lave deres egne, hjemmedesignede dna-strukturer, som kan tænkes anvendt i mange forskellige sammenhænge. Udgivelsesdato: juli...

  12. Intelligent design som videnskab?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Klausen, Søren Harnow

    2007-01-01

    Diskuterer hvorvidt intelligent design kan betegnes som videnskab; argumenterer for at dette grundet fraværet af klare demarkationskriterier næppe kan afvises.......Diskuterer hvorvidt intelligent design kan betegnes som videnskab; argumenterer for at dette grundet fraværet af klare demarkationskriterier næppe kan afvises....

  13. Yoga som terapeutisk aktivitet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Broge, Julie Wolf

    2014-01-01

    Artiklen præsenterer yoga som terapeutisk aktivitet til børn og unge med særlige behov. Den gavnlige virkning af yoga uddybes.......Artiklen præsenterer yoga som terapeutisk aktivitet til børn og unge med særlige behov. Den gavnlige virkning af yoga uddybes....

  14. Auto-fotografi som metode

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mogensen, Mette

    2014-01-01

    Artiklen sætter fokus på auto-fotografi som metode i arbejdsmiljøforskningen. Den organisationsæstetiske tilgang, som metoden ofte forbindes med, udfordres med afsæt i en performativ og aktørnetværks-teoretisk position. Gennem en analyse af et enkelt auto-fotografi vises hvordan en artikulation af...

  15. Værk som handling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jalving, Camilla

    , er det stadig kun ved at blive en del af kunsthistoriens metode. Bogen afdækker derfor først begrebets skiftende betydninger fra J.L. Austins sprogfilosofi til Judith Butlers kønsteori og afprøver derefter, hvordan det kan bruges som metode i kunsthistorien og spores som tema i billedkunsten. Det...

  16. Statistikeren skiftede spor som 49-årig

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sølund, Sune; Rootzén, Helle

    2010-01-01

    En uddannelse til coach har ændret Helle Rototzens liv. Som 49-årig forlod hun et forskerliv på deltid til fordel for en karriere som DTU's eneste kvindelige institutdirektør.......En uddannelse til coach har ændret Helle Rototzens liv. Som 49-årig forlod hun et forskerliv på deltid til fordel for en karriere som DTU's eneste kvindelige institutdirektør....

  17. Interaktionsforskning som metode i erhvervsforskningen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Goldschmidt, Lars; Elkjær-Larsen, Jens Kr.

    aktionsforskningen er ikke konsolideret som én fælles forskningstradition. Der er derimod udviklet en række forskningsmetodiske tilgange såsom: Aktionsforskning, Action science,Sociologisk fantasi, Bruger/borger involvering i udviklingsprojekter, Dialogforskning, Reflectivepractice, Action learning, Appreciative...... inquiry, Communities of Inquiry in Communities ofpractice, Clinical inquiry (Baskerville 1996). Metoderne er udviklet i relation til det felt eller problemstilling, som forskergrupperne var engagerede i, og kun enkelte er tænkt ind i enerhvervsforskningskontekst. Denne mangfoldighed har ført til, at det...

  18. Straf som penibel ledelsesform

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Knudsen, Hanne; Bjerg, Helle

    2014-01-01

    Kan klasseledelse fungere uden muligheden for at straffe? Kan man have en skole uden straf? Hvis man ser tilbage på skolens historie, ser svaret ud til at være nej. Skolen som institution ser ud til at være uløseligt forbundet med disciplinering af eleverne til at gøre noget, som de ikke nødvendi...

  19. Lannister som statsminister

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Konzack, Lars

    2014-01-01

    Der er fuld skrue på intriger, sex og død i Game of Thrones. Det er stærkt underholdende og kan også ses som et billede på de moderne politiske spil. Hvem er seriens Putin? Og hvilken politisk leder ligner Prins Joffrey?......Der er fuld skrue på intriger, sex og død i Game of Thrones. Det er stærkt underholdende og kan også ses som et billede på de moderne politiske spil. Hvem er seriens Putin? Og hvilken politisk leder ligner Prins Joffrey?...

  20. Diagnoser som styringshybrider

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bossen, Claus; Danholt, Peter; Ubbesen, Morten Bonde

    2016-01-01

    - Relaterede Grupper (DRG). DRG er et internationalt udbredt system til at knytte patienter og deres behandlingsomkostninger sammen i faste kategorier med henblik på at måle hospitalers produktivitet. Med afsæt i Science-Technology-Studies (STS)-feltet analyserer artiklen, hvorledes diagnoser overskrider deres......, hvordan DRG-systemet alternativt kan anskues som en samfundsudviklende infrastruktur, idet det forsamler og skaber gensidigt involverende interaktioner imellem politiske, administrative og sundhedsprofessionelle domæner. En sådan indsigt bidrager til en udvidet forståelse af infrastrukturers roller som...

  1. Filosofisk terapi som social atilpasning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Anders Dræby

    Den dominerende psykopatologi forstår psykiske lidelser som udtryk for en patologisk utilpassethed, og psykoterapiens mål bliver normalisering gennem social og psykisk gentilpasning. Eksistentiel fænomenologi forstår lidelsen som etisk vildfarelse i det normale, og terapiens knytter an begreber o...

  2. Fantasy som religion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Davidsen, Markus

    2010-01-01

    Artiklen redegør for George Lucas' religionspædagogiske projekt med Star Wars og jediismens brug af Star Wars som religiøs tekst i en fantasybaseret religion. Afslutningsvist gives en række forslag til hvordan man kan anvende Star Wars og jediismen i folkeskolens religionsundervisning.......Artiklen redegør for George Lucas' religionspædagogiske projekt med Star Wars og jediismens brug af Star Wars som religiøs tekst i en fantasybaseret religion. Afslutningsvist gives en række forslag til hvordan man kan anvende Star Wars og jediismen i folkeskolens religionsundervisning....

  3. Kollektivet som korrektiv

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krøjer, Jo; Hutters, Camilla

    2008-01-01

    I Danmark har de unge individuel valgfrihed, når det kommer til valget af videregående uddannelse. Der er ikke nogen uddannelsespligt - valget er op til den unge. Den etablerede uddannelsesvejledning initierer et selvarbejde, hvorunder de unge anspores til at arbejde individuelt med at træffe det...... rette uddannelsesvalg. De unge oplever uddannelsesvalget som et ensomt og belastende arbejde. Så hvad sker der, når unge kollektivt reflekterer over at skulle vælge uddannelse? Artiklen præsenterer fortælleværksteder som metode til kollektive korrektioner af neoliberal regulering....

  4. Fokusgruppeinterview som led i en evalueringsproces

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen-Mølgaard, Hanna; Harrit, Ole

    2006-01-01

    Teoretiske begrundelser og perspektiver, responsiv-konstruktivistisk evaluering, fokusgruppeinterview som led i BIKVAmodellen, eksempler, vurdering og perspektivering......Teoretiske begrundelser og perspektiver, responsiv-konstruktivistisk evaluering, fokusgruppeinterview som led i BIKVAmodellen, eksempler, vurdering og perspektivering...

  5. Kakkelovnen som arkiv

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Duedahl, Poul

    2005-01-01

    "Folk gjorde såmænd klogt i at gøre som jeg - jeg bruger kakkelovnen som arkiv" gentog tidligere konseilspræsident J.C. Christensen (1856-1930) ofte over for venner og bekendte. Selv destruerede han de fleste af sine breve, mens han var i live, og i mange år troede man, at hans dagbøger blev bræn...... anledning til nogle refleksioner over, hvad man skal stille op med dem; hvad det er, der får folk til at skrive dagbøger og hvad det er, der får folk til at skille sig af med dem igen....

  6. "Hvem er som jeg blandt Guder?"

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holst, Søren

    2004-01-01

    En hymne fra Dødehavsrullerne beskriver en persons opstigning til himlen, hvor den pågældende får tildelt overmenneskelig indsigt, som giver ham autoritet til at belære sine tilhængere på jorden. Hymnen analyseres, og der foretages en kritisk gennemgang af Israel Knohls bog "The Messiah Before Je...... Jesus", som hævder at teksten skulle handle om et medlem af Qumran-menigheden, som blev dræbt i Jerusalem og senere hævdedes at være opstået fra de døde....

  7. Byen som bevægelsesgrund?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Højbjerre Larsen, Signe

    2013-01-01

    Parkour er en bevægelseskultur der ikke udfolder sig i afgrænsede rum eller på bestemte tidspunkter. Den er i stedet betinget af at byens rum anvendes som bevægelsesgrund. Parkourudøvernes særegne brug af byrummet kalder på opmærksomhed og analytisk undren: Hvordan kan vi forstå et fænomen som pa...

  8. Gruppeeksamen som strategisk kommunikation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Tem Frank; Bang, Janne

    2014-01-01

    Artiklen har fokus på at skabe et grundlag for en teoretisk diskussion af gruppeeksamen som den bedste og mest egnede form for eksamen, når problembaseret læring er mål og middel i regi af Aalborg Universitet.......Artiklen har fokus på at skabe et grundlag for en teoretisk diskussion af gruppeeksamen som den bedste og mest egnede form for eksamen, når problembaseret læring er mål og middel i regi af Aalborg Universitet....

  9. Subsurface oxidation for micropatterning silicon (SOMS).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Feng; Sautter, Ken; Davis, Robert C; Linford, Matthew R

    2009-02-03

    Here we present a straightforward patterning technique for silicon: subsurface oxidation for micropatterning silicon (SOMS). In this method, a stencil mask is placed above a silicon surface. Radio-frequency plasma oxidation of the substrate creates a pattern of thicker oxide in the exposed regions. Etching with HF or KOH produces very shallow or much higher aspect ratio features on silicon, respectively, where patterning is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. The oxidation process itself is studied under a variety of reaction conditions, including higher and lower oxygen pressures (2 and 0.5 Torr), a variety of powers (50-400 W), different times and as a function of reagent purity (99.5 or 99.994% oxygen). SOMS can be easily executed in any normal chemistry laboratory with a plasma generator. Because of its simplicity, it may have industrial viability.

  10. Artikelskrivning som eksamensform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lars Domino Østergaard

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available I denne artikel vil vi diskutere, hvordan studerendes arbejde med udformning af en videnskabelig artikel som afsæt for summativ evaluering af undervisningsmoduler, kan bidrage såvel til de studerendes oplevelse af motivation som til oplevelse af, at de gives muligheder for at udvikle konkrete aka­demiske kompetencer. Vi tager udgangspunkt i en række teoretiske over­vejelser, der knytter den summative evaluering til begreber som autentiske rammer, kompetenceudvikling og motivation. Disse overvejelser supplerer vi med resultaterne af en konkret undersøgelse af et pilotforsøg gen­nem­ført ved 2. semester på kandidatuddannelsen i Idræt på Aalborg Uni­versitet. I relation til to kursusmoduler har de studerende udarbejdet en videnskabelig artikel med afsæt i indsamlet empiri. Undersøgelsen viser, at de studerende i altovervejende grad er positive over for artikelskrivning som udgangspunkt for deres evaluering. Undersøgelsen viser videre, at de studerende oplever en følelse af motivation ved bl.a. at arbejde med selv­valgte problemstillinger. Hvorvidt de studerende faktisk udviklede kom­­petencer i forløbet, som de ikke kunne udvikle ved andre evalueringsformer, er fortsat ikke afdækket men vil være et naturligt næste genstandsfelt for undersøgelse.     In this paper we discuss how setting students a scientific paper to write as part of their course module summative assessment may help motivate students and contribute to their academic competencies. We depart from theoretical considerations that connect summative evaluation to concepts of authentic frameworks, competence development and motivation, and instead argue that writing a scientific paper as part of evaluation may be both motivational to students and provide a framework for developing competencies. We supplement these observations by presenting the results from a study conducted in a 2nd semester master programme in sport science at Aalborg University, Denmark

  11. Introduktionslæger som vejledere - hvorfor?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skaarup, Anne Marie; Ringsted, Charlotte Vibeke

    2004-01-01

    Statusartiklen har til hensigt at beskrive det pædagogiske rationale for at anvende introduktionslæger som vejledere, holdningen blandt introduktionslæger og speciallæger til at bruge introduktionslæger som vejledere, og hvilke ulemper der kan identificeres, og hvordan de eventuelt kan overvindes...

  12. Tavs viden som led i vidensdiskursen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Jens

    2004-01-01

    Bidraget giver en  erkendelsesteoretisk tilgang til tavs viden som ressource i en teknologisk forandringsproces. Der tages udgangspunkt i, at tavs viden ikke kan betragtes uden at forholde sig til den mere generelle og historiske vidensdiskurs, som igen indgår i en kontekst af relationer mellem e...

  13. Sociale medier som læringsredskaber

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lill Ingstad

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Kan sociale medier anvendes som læringsredskaber til støtte for sociale, kollaborative processer, der er udfordrende og motiverende, og som samtidig understøtter (fremmedsprogstilegnelsen?Artiklen diskuterer eksempler på fagdidaktiske udfordringer i sprogundervisningen på CBS med fokus på engelsk.

  14. "Tryllefløjten" som musik-historisk allegori

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Jørgen I.

    1991-01-01

    Musikhistorie, Mozarts "Tryllefløjten", Mozart som historisk fænomen, oplysningstid, frimureri, musik og religion......Musikhistorie, Mozarts "Tryllefløjten", Mozart som historisk fænomen, oplysningstid, frimureri, musik og religion...

  15. Chemical characterization of soil organic matter in a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh: analyzing microbial and vegetation inputs to SOM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bye, E.; Schreiner, K. M.; Abdulla, H. A.; Minor, E. C.; Guntenspergen, G. R.

    2017-12-01

    Coastal wetlands play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. These ecosystems sequester and store carbon, known as "blue carbon," at a rate two or three orders of magnitude larger than other terrestrial ecosystems, such as temperate, tropical, and boreal forests. Anthropogenic changes to the climate are threatening blue carbon stores in coastal wetland ecosystems. To understand and predict how these important carbon stores will be affected by anthropogenic climate changes, it is necessary to understand the formation and preservation of soil organic matter (SOM) in these ecosystems. This study will present organic geochemical data from two sediment cores collected from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center site on a salt marsh in Maryland along the Chesapeake Bay. One core is from a location that recently transitioned from a C4 to C3 plant regime, currently dominated by the sedge Shoenplectis americanus. The second core is from a C4 plant (Spartina patens) dominated location in the marsh. The organic geochemistry of these 100 cm deep sediment cores was studied through multiple bulk analyses including stable isotopes, elemental ratios, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state magic-angle-spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and compound specific lignin-phenol analysis. By using comprehensive chemical characterization techniques, this study aims to discern between vegetation- and microbially-derived inputs to SOM in blue carbon ecosystems. The results show a general increase in the aromatic content with a concomitant decrease of carbohydrates with depth in both cores. However, substantial differences between the two cores, indicates differing inputs and/or stabilization mechanisms within SOM formed from different vegetation regimes. Further compound specific work will help to elucidate the specific source of compounds within each compound class, in surface and deep SOM, and additionally can help provide evidence for different

  16. Tema 1: Robotdidaktik. Læringsrobotter som indhold i undervisningen.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jens Jørgen Hansen

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Robotter er en teknologi som i disse år bevæger sig ind i skolen. Spørgsmålet er med hvilken didaktisk begrundelse og dermed læringsmæssig relevans man kan arbejde med robotter i skolen? Hvorfor skal eleverne beskæftige sig med robotter? Dette spørgsmål er en opgave for didaktikken at svare på, hvilket sætter robotdidaktik på didaktikkens landkort. I artiklen undersøges en række didaktiske designs fra projektet Fremtek,hvor lærere bl.a. har eksperimenteret med at udvikle undervisningsforløb med humanidrobotter – en slags læringsrobotter -­‐ som omdrejningspunkt (Majgaard 2014. Robotters funktion som indhold i disse didaktiske design analyseres ud fra Frede V. Nielsens fire indholdskategorier: indhold som fænomen, som realia og kontekst, som aktivitet og metode og som personligog social erfaringsfelt. Målet er at udvikle en kritisk og kreativ refleksion over og diskussion af robotteknologi som mål og middel i skolen og andre uddannelsesinstitutioner og bidrage til udvikling af en robotdidaktik, der kan støtte og vejlede undervisere i at foretage didaktiske valg og kvalificere eksperimenter med robotter i undervisningen.

  17. Tema 1: Robotdidaktik. Læringsrobotter som indhold i undervisningen.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jens Jørgen Hansen

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Robotter er en teknologi som i disse år bevæger sig ind i skolen. Spørgsmålet er med hvilken didaktisk begrundelse og dermed læringsmæssig relevans man kan arbejde med robotter i skolen? Hvorfor skal eleverne beskæftige sig med robotter? Dette spørgsmål er en opgave for didaktikken at svare på, hvilket sætter robotdidaktik på didaktikkens landkort. I artiklen undersøges en række didaktiske designs fra projektet Fremtek,hvor lærere bl.a. har eksperimenteret med at udvikle undervisningsforløb med humanidrobotter – en slags læringsrobotter -­‐ som omdrejningspunkt (Majgaard 2014. Robotters funktion som indhold i disse didaktiske design analyseres ud fra Frede V. Nielsens fire indholdskategorier: indhold som fænomen, som realia og kontekst, som aktivitet og metode og som personligog social erfaringsfelt. Målet er at udvikle en kritisk og kreativ refleksion over og diskussion af robotteknologi som mål og middel i skolen og andre uddannelsesinstitutioner og bidrage til udvikling af en robotdidaktik, der kan støtte og vejlede undervisere i at foretage didaktiske valg og kvalificere eksperimenter med robotter i undervisningen.

  18. Rwanda - eller hvor som helst

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sonne, Charlotte Kærgaard; Weis, Rikke Lise

    2010-01-01

    Sundhedspersonalets rolle under konflikter er ofte et springende punkt, ikke mindst fordi intellektuelle og hermed også uddannet sundhedspersonale ikke sjældent er blandt ofrene i konflikten, som vi har set det med eksemplet i Rwanda.......Sundhedspersonalets rolle under konflikter er ofte et springende punkt, ikke mindst fordi intellektuelle og hermed også uddannet sundhedspersonale ikke sjældent er blandt ofrene i konflikten, som vi har set det med eksemplet i Rwanda....

  19. Informatikken som utopi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jørgen Poulsen

    1986-08-01

    Full Text Available Medieforskerne mødte den nye informationsteknologi med be- tydelig skepsis i begyndelsen af 1980érne. Nu synes pendu- let at være i et andet yderpunkt og utopierne omkring in- formatikkens muligheder blomstrer. Denne artikel forsøger at se informationsteknologien i et socialt perspektiv, i forhold til brugen af andre medier, især TV og radio, og ikke som en kraft "i sig selv". Vores behov for at udføre nye kommunikative handlinger vil være afgørende for infor- matikkens succes. Og her véd vi faktisk moget: I analysen af behovene og deres sociale kontekst (som visse informa- tikutopister synes at glemme synes indsigterne fra de sid- ste 20 års positivestiske og kritiske medieforskning at være brugbare.

  20. Kunst som metode i interaktiv forskning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Julie Borup

    for at påvirke feltet og skabe ny viden i interaktionsprocesser, bygger dette på en antagelse om, at interaktion mellem mennesker betjener sig af såkaldte medier for kommunikation og læring (Säljö 2003:196, Bruner 1996:76). I denne forståelse kan et medium eksempelvis være sproget, skriften, praksisrutiner, men...... et medium kan også være kunst og kunstværker. Kunstværker kan ses som et udtryk for en given kulturs antagelser om virkeligheden (Bruner 1996:), men også som en provokation eller udfordring til denne virkelighedsopfattelse (Darsø 2004). I forlængelse heraf kan kunst og kunstværker ses som...

  1. Some Learning Properties of Modular Network SOMs

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takeda, Manabu; Ikeda, Kazushi; Furukawa, Tetsuo

    The Modular Network Self-Organizing Map (mnSOM) is a generalization of the SOM, where each node represents a parametric function such as a multi-layer perceptron or another SOM. Since given datasets are, in general, fewer than nodes, some nodes never win in competition and have to update their parameters from the winners in the neighborhood. This is a process that can be regarded as interpolation. This study derives the interpolation curve between winners in simple cases and discusses the distribution of winners based on the neighborhood function.

  2. Poster som et pædagogisk redskab i sygeplejerskeuddannelsen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bagger, Bettan; Kelly, Hélène

    2008-01-01

    Som undervisere har vi gode erfaringer med, at de studerende anvender posters som redskab for formidling af viden. Posterne bruges som udgangspunkt for en mundtlig formidling af faglige perspektiver til de øvrige studerende. Formålet med at anvende formidling ved hjælp af en poster i...

  3. Idrætten som social generator

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kural, René

    2002-01-01

    Med henvisning til to svømmehaller i hhv. Manchester og Berlin illustrerers det, hvorledes idrætten, store sportslige begivenheder og sportsfaciliteterne kan fungere som social generator for hele byafsnit.......Med henvisning til to svømmehaller i hhv. Manchester og Berlin illustrerers det, hvorledes idrætten, store sportslige begivenheder og sportsfaciliteterne kan fungere som social generator for hele byafsnit....

  4. Tv-fiktion som tværmedial oplevelsesdesign

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sandvik, Kjetil

    2010-01-01

    konstrueres og et bestemt handlingsforløb simuleres, fra de mere kulørte og parapsykologisk funderede fremgangmetoder i serier som The Profiler og Medium, til mere realistiske praksiser som i Rejseholdet og CSI. Og jeg vil endvidere lave en sammenlignende analyse med virkelighedens gerningsstedsefterforskning...

  5. Videokameraet som etnografisk redskab online og offline

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rehder, Mads Middelboe

    2013-01-01

    “Med udgangspunkt i et visuelt feltarbejde såvel online som offline, på YouTube og i New York City, beskæftiger dette kapitel sig med kameraet som medieringsteknologi, med fokus på levende billeder. Det diskuteres, hvordan kameraets multiple anvendelsesmuligheder empirisk og metodisk kan skabe...... forskellige muligheder og begrænsninger i et feltarbejde, samt hvordan det visuelle materiale kan variere som resultat af disse forskellige anvendelser. Den indledende del af kapitlet består af en beskrivelse af det empiriske felt online på YouTube, og det diskuteres, hvordan et online felt relaterer sig til...

  6. Queer eller manden som ideal

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sjørup, Karen

    2016-01-01

    Forestillingen om barnet som den i kønslig forstand renvaskede tavle er fejlagtig og selvmodsigende. I stedet bør forældre og samfund give børn ballast til at begive sig ud i livet uden for mange normative direktiver.......Forestillingen om barnet som den i kønslig forstand renvaskede tavle er fejlagtig og selvmodsigende. I stedet bør forældre og samfund give børn ballast til at begive sig ud i livet uden for mange normative direktiver....

  7. Fællesskab som fællesgørende bevægelse?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Khawaja, Iram

    2014-01-01

    man kan tale om, og som noget, der konstant forhandles. 3. Fællesskab som situeret og forbundet med subjektivering 4. Fællesskab som hverken overindividuel eller subjektiv bevægelse og 5. Fællesskab som forbundet med belonging. Artiklen bevæger sig imellem teoretisk og empirisk analyse og inddrager et...... fokus på belonging som en central dimension i forståelsen af konstruktionen af fællesskaber....

  8. Musikterapi som samværsform

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ridder, Hanne Mette Ochsner

    2005-01-01

    Det kan være svært for mennesker med omfattende demenssymptomer at deltage i aktiviteter eller samvær med andre – og uden interaktion med andre kan det være svært at få dækket psykosociale behov. Der er derfor brug for samvær og aktiviteter som er specielt tilrettelagt for at opfylde psykosociale...... erfaringer indenfor demensområdet. Der vil i foredraget blive taget udgangspunkt i praksiserfaring som musikterapeut på Plejehjemmet Caritas samt i et forskningsprojekt om individuel musikterapi, hvorfra der bliver vist videoeksempler....

  9. Fænomenologisk dekonstruktion som udspørgning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Keller, Kurt Dauer

    Merleau-Ponty skelner udspørgning (interrogation) fra de dominerende opfattelser af refleksion, dialektik og intuition. Udspørgning må betragtes som hans bud på den begrebs- og traditionskritik, Heidegger kaldte ”destruktion”, og som Derrida førte videre under den mere adækvate betegnelse...

  10. Brands som ideologiske parasitter

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Judy

    2009-01-01

    De store, stærke brands, som rager op over alle andre som repræsentanter for nogle værdier, der bliver lagt vægt på i samfundet, kalder Douglas Holt for ikoniske. Vi snakker Coca Cola, Nike, Apple ligaen. For at opnå en sådan status er brandingen nødt til at holde et vågent øje med tendenser og...

  11. SINs and SOMs: Neural microcircuits for size tuning in the zebrafish and mouse visual pathway.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alison J. Barker

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available In many animals, a fast and reliable circuit for discriminating between predator-sized objects and edible (prey-sized objects is necessary for survival. How are receptive fields in visual brain areas organized to extract information about size? Recent studies from the zebrafish optic tectum and the mouse visual cortex suggest de novo shaping of receptive fields by subtypes of inhibitory neurons. Del Bene et al. (2010 describe a population of GABAergic neurons in the zebrafish optic tectum (Superficial Interneurons, SINs that are necessary for size filtering during prey capture. Adesnik et al. (2012 describe a somatostatin-expressing interneuron population (SOMs that confers surround suppression on layer II/III pyramidal cells in mouse V1. Strikingly both the SINs and the SOMs, display size-dependent response properties. Increasing visual stimulus size increases excitatory input to these neurons. Dampening SIN or SOM activity alters tuning of neighboring circuits such that they lose preference for small objects. Both results provide exciting evidence for mechanisms of size filtering in visual circuits. Here we review the roles of the SINs and the SOMs and speculate on the similarity of such spatial filters across species.

  12. Selvskade som selvteknologi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Anna Lanken; Rasmussen, Svend Aage

    2016-01-01

    livshandlinger” – selvskade som social lidelse. Herefter argumenterer forfatterne med udgangspunkt i et feltstudie af Helen Gremillion for vigtigheden af at kaste et kritisk blik på behandlingskultur. Denne kritik videreføres i et afsnit om den postmoderne udfordring i forhold til selvskade. Afslutningsvis...

  13. Varehusbesøget som fornøjeligt hverdagsdrama

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bouchet, Julie Kirstine Linderoth; Jantzen, Christian

    2014-01-01

    Artiklen analyserer de koreografiske, scenografiske og dramaturgiske virkemidler, som IKEA har anvendt til at skabe et succesfuldt oplevelsesdesign.......Artiklen analyserer de koreografiske, scenografiske og dramaturgiske virkemidler, som IKEA har anvendt til at skabe et succesfuldt oplevelsesdesign....

  14. Digitalisering som kulturpolitik

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Niels Dichov

    2009-01-01

    Begreberne kulturarv, digitalisering og formidling drøftes generelt som væsentlige nutidsagendaer i lyset af en treeninghed af teknologi, demokrati og kultur. Digital formidling af kulturarv belyses i forhold til en længere dobbbeltsporet forskningskontekst mellem IKT og humaniora og ses primært...

  15. IKT som empowerment af lærer og elever!

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christiansen, René B.; Binggeli, Andreas

    2011-01-01

    I denne korte artikel ønsker vi at pege på at ikt kan fungere som empowerment for både lærere og elever i skolen. It optræder i forvejen i alt for mange menneskers bevidsthed som en barriere eller som en sten i den pædagogiske sundhedssandal. Vi har begge på egen krop oplevet at arbejdet med ny t...

  16. A new design for SLAM front-end based on recursive SOM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xuesi; Xia, Shengping

    2015-12-01

    Aiming at the graph optimization-based monocular SLAM, a novel design for the front-end in single camera SLAM is proposed, based on the recursive SOM. Pixel intensities are directly used to achieve image registration and motion estimation, which can save time compared with the current appearance-based frameworks, usually including feature extraction and matching. Once a key-frame is identified, a recursive SOM is used to actualize loop-closure detecting, resulting a more precise location. The experiment on a public dataset validates our method on a computer with a quicker and effective result.

  17. Kan Batman dateres? Om massekommunikasjonen som kulturhistorie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans Frederik Dahl

    1990-08-01

    Full Text Available Hans Frederik Dahls artikel er et bud på om massekommunikationen kan tænkes ind i kulturhistorien.Første halvdel af artiklen fremhæver de prob- lemer, det rejser, når massekommunikation med dens karakteristika i form af serialitet, triviatitet og internationalitet skal reflekteres i forhold til en kulturhistorisk tradition, som normalt tænker i begreber som tidsånd, kunstnerisk originalitet og nationalt særpræg. Sidste halvdel focuserer på tre centrale aspekter ved massekommunikationen, som også er af- gørende for dens kulturhistorie: dens nære forbindelse til musikken, dens internationale karakter og dens konstante tilbagevenden til tidligere pro- dukter.

  18. Kan Batman dateres? Om massekommunikasjonen som kulturhistorie

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hans Frederik Dahl

    1990-06-01

    Full Text Available Hans Frederik Dahls artikel er et bud på om massekommunikationen kan tænkes ind i kulturhistorien.Første halvdel af artiklen fremhæver de prob- lemer, det rejser, når massekommunikation med dens karakteristika i form af serialitet, triviatitet og internationalitet skal reflekteres i forhold til en kulturhistorisk tradition, som normalt tænker i begreber som tidsånd, kunstnerisk originalitet og nationalt særpræg. Sidste halvdel focuserer på tre centrale aspekter ved massekommunikationen, som også er af- gørende for dens kulturhistorie: dens nære forbindelse til musikken, dens internationale karakter og dens konstante tilbagevenden til tidligere pro- dukter.

  19. Om filmteori og filmhistorie: Stumfilmen som eksempel

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casper Tybjerg

    1995-09-01

    Full Text Available Tilbage til filmene og filmmagerne siger Casper Tybjerg i denne artikel. Han plæderer dog ikke nødvendigvis for en tilbagevending til "gammel- dags filmhistorieskrivning" og til en fokusering kun på film som æstetik og kunst. Med udgangspunkt i konkrete overvejelser over den danske stumfilm og gennemgang af væsentlige nyere filmhistoriske værker og teorier polemiserer han mod det han opfatter som upræcise og meget abstrakte kulturalistiske positioner, som enten glemmer de konkrete film eller overbetoner det blot formelle i filmhistorien. Samtidig tegner han også et levende billede af den kultur og de betingelser den tidlige film blev til i.

  20. Kierkegaard som eksistentiel fænomenolog

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kierkegaard som eksistentiel fænomenolog er en antologi, som fremhæver de fænomenologiske aspekter i Kierkegaards beskrivelser af de grundlæggende fænomener i den menneskelige tilværelse. Den fokuserer på Kierkegaards anskuelse af mennesket som en konkret eksisterende person, et tænkende, følende...... og handlende subjekt, der altid har til opgave at forholde sig til sig selv, sin omverden og de andre. Bogen behandler for det første Kierkegaards eget fænomenologiske projekt og hans analyser af angst, fortvivlelse, blufærdighed, samvittighed, selvbedrag og autenticitet. For det andet hans forhold...... til samtidens eksistentielle tænkning (bl.a. Schelling og Poul Martin Møller) og ikke mindst hans forhold til eftertidens eksistentielle tænkning (bl.a. Jaspers, Wittgenstein, Agampen og Zisek). Og for det tredje Kierkegaards betydning for den senere eksistentielle psykologi og psykiatri....

  1. Evaluation of Strontium Selectivity by Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves (SOMS).

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rigali, Mark J.; Stewart, Thomas Austin

    2016-01-01

    Sandia National Laboratories has collaborated with Pleasanton Ridge Research Company (PRRC) to determine whether Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves (SOMS) and modified SOMs materials can be synthesized in large batches and produced in granular form. Sandia National Laboratories tested these SOMS and its variants based in aqueous chemical environments for an application-based evaluation of material performance as a sorbent. Testing focused primarily on determining the distribution coefficients (K d ) and chemical selectivity SOMs for alkali earth (Sr) ions in aqueous and dilute seawater solutions. In general the well-crystallized SOMS materials tested exhibited very high K d values (>10 6 ) in distilled water but K d values dropped substantially (%7E10 2 -10 3 ) in the dilute seawater (3%). However, one set of SOMS samples (1.4.2 and 1.4.6) provided by PRRC yielded relatively high K d (approaching 10 4 ) in dilute seawater. Further examination of these samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of at least two phases at least one of which may be accounting for the improved K d values in dilute seawater. Evaluation of Strontium Selectivity by Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves (SOMS) January 20, 2016

  2. Multi-SOM: an Algorithm for High-Dimensional, Small Size Datasets

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shen Lu

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Since it takes time to do experiments in bioinformatics, biological datasets are sometimes small but with high dimensionality. From probability theory, in order to discover knowledge from a set of data, we have to have a sufficient number of samples. Otherwise, the error bounds can become too large to be useful. For the SOM (Self- Organizing Map algorithm, the initial map is based on the training data. In order to avoid the bias caused by the insufficient training data, in this paper we present an algorithm, called Multi-SOM. Multi-SOM builds a number of small self-organizing maps, instead of just one big map. Bayesian decision theory is used to make the final decision among similar neurons on different maps. In this way, we can better ensure that we can get a real random initial weight vector set, the map size is less of consideration and errors tend to average out. In our experiments as applied to microarray datasets which are highly intense data composed of genetic related information, the precision of Multi-SOMs is 10.58% greater than SOMs, and its recall is 11.07% greater than SOMs. Thus, the Multi-SOMs algorithm is practical.

  3. Modelling bare fallow SOM dynamics on a Chernozem soil in Central Germany

    Science.gov (United States)

    Franko, Uwe; Merbach, Ines

    2017-04-01

    The level of our process understanding about carbon and nitrogen fluxes in soils becomes visible at extreme situations like bare fallow soils. The observed dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the top soil on a 28 years old fallow experiment on Haplic Chernozem in Bad Lauchstädt (Germany) was modelled using the Candy Carbon Balance (CCB) model that in its standard version was previously validated with LTFE data from Central Europe and a tillage experiment in Austria. For this study we selected two treatments of the fallow experiment in Bad Lauchstädt where the soil was kept bare with mechanical or chemical treatments. For this extreme land use (no input of fresh organic matter) the CCB model was improved to include the SOC related change of soil physical parameters and a dynamic handling of the physically stabilized soil organic matter (SOM) pool. The results from observation and modelling reflected the increased SOM turnover due to soil tillage for carbon as well as nitrogen and thus confirmed the modelling approach for non-tillage in CCB. The added sub model for the dynamics of physically stabilized SOM was also verified. The long term stabilized SOM is very important on this site. The modelled size of the physically stabilized SOC pool was about 55% of total SOC and reduced only slowly during the nearly three decades but the implementation of this effect resulted in improved simulation results. Thus we conclude that scenarios that lead to bigger changes of SOM stocks require a modelling approach that acknowledges the interaction between SOM and soil physical properties.

  4. Industrirobotten som servomekanisme

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Torben

    2001-01-01

    ). Bevægeleddene er typisk enten roterende drejeled, eller lineære forskydningsled. Rotationen eller forskydningen mellem to bevægeled varetages af en servostyret motor. Selve robotarmen er forbundet til robottens base gennem et bevægeled (servoakse) som bærer hele armen - det vil sige alle armens elementer og...

  5. Krisen som udfordring

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Højrup, Thomas

    2009-01-01

    Om Thorupstrand Kystfiskerlaug, Han Herred Puljefiskeri og Han Herred Havbådes innovative bidrag til en samlet indsats for at sikre kystfiskeriet i Skagerrak fra åben strand som en levende og håndværksbåret kystkultur i Danmark. Den venturekapitalistiske højkonjunktur, regeringens privatiseringsp...

  6. Det nordiske som brandværdi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Judy

    2009-01-01

    Kommunikation spiller en vigtig rolle for, hvilke associationer forbrugeren har til brandet. Og da brand image består af summen af alle corporate aktiviteter, er der ifølge Roncha især én fællesnævner, som styrker strategierne bag nordisk brand management: Opbygningen af et globalt og konsistent...... brand under en nordisk designparaply, fordi design i mange år reelt har været en integreret del af det kulturelle og samfundsmæssige liv i Skandinavien. Men ikke alle nordiske designere, er tilfredse med de stilistiske associationer og begrænsninger, som er vokset op omkring det nordiske brand. Derfor...... er det også vigtigt at arbejde aktivt på at udvikle dets symbolske værdi. Der er ifølge Roncha en unik chance for at skabe et bæredygtigt brand, som ikke kun handler om bestemte stilarter eller kunstneriske værdier, men også om kvalitet og innovation. Udgivelsesdato: April...

  7. Corporate film som værktøj til employer branding

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Heidi

    2016-01-01

    En corporate film kan ses som organisationens autoritative tekst kommunikeret i en enkelt digital fortælling. I denne artikel belyses corporate film som genre fra henholdsvis kommunikationsdirektørens, forskerens, det kreative bureau og filmskaberens side.......En corporate film kan ses som organisationens autoritative tekst kommunikeret i en enkelt digital fortælling. I denne artikel belyses corporate film som genre fra henholdsvis kommunikationsdirektørens, forskerens, det kreative bureau og filmskaberens side....

  8. Insulin som trickster

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lassen, Aske Juul

    2011-01-01

    grænser nedbrydes i en konstant penetrering af huden, når blodsukkeret måles eller insulinen indsprøjtes. Insulin analyseres som en tricksterfigur, der udøver et grænsearbejde på kroppen, leger med dens kategorier og vender forholdet mellem gift og medicin, frihed og ufrihed, kunstighed og naturlighed...

  9. Kroppen som monitor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Filges, Tine

    2005-01-01

    Tine Filges tager fat i de unges brug og forhold til porno, og har som en central pointe, at unge langt fra er en homogen gruppe. Der er væsentlige forskelle i unges forhold til deres krop. Dette lyder måske banalt og indlysende, men det er en pointe, der ofte glemmes i den offentlige debat om unge...... og deres kroppe. Abstract: Unges kroppe forbindes ofte med risici og farer. Vi lurer farer alle steder, og medierne er fulde af overskrifter: Fedmeepidemier. Unge med åreforkalkning. Druk. Porno. Spiseforstyrrelser. Selvskadende adfærd. I takt med at kroppen monitoreres, er den i stigende grad blevet...... koloniseret af en bekymret hær af forskere, forældre, pædagoger og terapeuter. Vi spørger ængsteligt: Vil de unge lave deres krop om livet igennem? Vil de virkelig have plastik i brysterne? Vil den næste generation tage Viagra som 18-årige? Kan unge indgå i intime relationer, når de er vokset op med porno på...

  10. Direct evidence for microbial-derived soil organic matter formation and its ecophysiological controls

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kallenbach, Cynthia M.; Frey, Serita D.; Grandy, A. Stuart

    2016-11-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) and the carbon and nutrients therein drive fundamental submicron- to global-scale biogeochemical processes and influence carbon-climate feedbacks. Consensus is emerging that microbial materials are an important constituent of stable SOM, and new conceptual and quantitative SOM models are rapidly incorporating this view. However, direct evidence demonstrating that microbial residues account for the chemistry, stability and abundance of SOM is still lacking. Further, emerging models emphasize the stabilization of microbial-derived SOM by abiotic mechanisms, while the effects of microbial physiology on microbial residue production remain unclear. Here we provide the first direct evidence that soil microbes produce chemically diverse, stable SOM. We show that SOM accumulation is driven by distinct microbial communities more so than clay mineralogy, where microbial-derived SOM accumulation is greatest in soils with higher fungal abundances and more efficient microbial biomass production.

  11. Music playlist generation by assimilating GMMs into SOMs

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Balkema, Wietse; van der Heijden, Ferdinand

    A method for music playlist generation, using assimilated Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) in self organizing maps (SOMs) is presented. Traditionally, the neurons in a SOM are represented by vectors, but in this paper we propose to use GMMs instead. To this end, we introduce a method to adapt a GMM

  12. Sandia octahedral molecular sieves (SOMS): structural and property effects of charge-balancing the M(IV)-substituted (M = Ti, Zr) Niobate framework.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nyman, May; Tripathi, Akhilesh; Parise, John B; Maxwell, Robert S; Nenoff, Tina M

    2002-02-27

    Sandia octahedral molecular sieves (SOMS) is an isostructural, variable composition class of ion exchangers with the general formula Na(2)Nb(2-x)M(IV)(x)O (6-x)(OH)(x).H(2)O (M(IV) = Ti, Zr; x = 0.04-0.40) where up to 20% of the framework Nb(V) can be substituted with Ti(IV) or Zr(IV). This class of molecular sieves is easily converted to perovskite through low-temperature heat treatment (500-600 degrees C). This report provides a detailed account of how the charge imbalance of this Nb(V)-M(IV) substitution is compensated. X-ray powder diffraction with Rietveld refinement, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, (23)Na MAS NMR, and (1)H MAS NMR were used to determine how the framework anionic charge is cation-balanced over a range of framework compositions. All spectroscopic evidence indicated a proton addition for each M(IV) substitution. Evidences for variable proton content included (1) increasing OH observed by (1)H MAS NMR with increasing M(IV) substitution, (2) increased infrared band broadening indicating increased H-bonding with increasing M(IV) substitution, (3) increased TGA weight loss (due to increased OH content) with increasing M(IV) substitution, (4) no variance in population on the sodium sites (indicated by Rietveld refinement) with variable composition, and (5) no change in the (23)Na MAS NMR spectra with variable composition. Also observed by infrared spectroscopy and (23)Na MAS NMR was increased disorder on the Nb(V)/M(IV) framework sites with increasing M(IV) substitution, evidenced by broadening of these spectral features. These spectroscopic studies, along with ion exchange experiments, also revealed the effect of the Nb(V)/M(IV) framework substitution on materials properties. Namely, the temperature of conversion to NaNb(1-x)M(IV)(x)O(3) (M = Ti, Zr) perovskite increased with increasing Ti in the framework and decreased with increasing Zr in the framework. This suggested that Ti stabilizes the SOMS framework and Zr destabilizes

  13. Om dass-sætninger som afficeret eller efficeret objekt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holsting, Alexandra

    2013-01-01

    Temaet for nærværende artikel er en diskussion af muligheden for at fastlægge en tysk dass-sætnings semantiske funktion som afficeret eller efficeret objekt , når den optræder i rollen som komplement for verber, der har såvel en afficerende som en efficerende betydningsvariant, hvorved dass......-sætningen i det første tilfælde betegner et forhold, matrixsætningens subjektsreferent reagerer på, og i det andet indholdet af en ytring, der fremsættes af matrixsætningens subjektsreferent. Jeg går i artiklen særligt ind i diskussionen om, hvorvidt dass-sætningens modus kan tjene som formel indikation på...... den semantiske funktion, dvs. om en dass-sætning i konjunktiv utvetydigt kan tilskrives en funktion som efficeret objekt for matrixsætningsverbet....

  14. Udvidelsen af relationsfeltets didaktik – med religionsundervisningen som eksempel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skovmand, Keld

    beskrive denne dobbeltbevægelse som en almen fagdidaktik (Nielsen 1998 [1994]) eller – med inspiration fra Klafki – en relationsfeltets didaktik (Nielsen 2012). Dobbeltblikket på didaktikken som et relationsfelt kan kvalificeres ved hjælp af de fire kriterier for indholdsvalg, som er udformet af Frede V...... specificere indhold (DuFour & Marzano 2011). Referencer DuFour, Richard & Marzano, Robert J. 2011: Leaders of learning. How district, school, and classroom leaders improve student achievement. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press. Hattie, John 2009: Visible learning. A synthesis of over 800 meta...

  15. Ole Rømer som enevældens administrator

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian

    2002-01-01

    En gennemgang af Ole Rømers liv med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og hans deltagelse eller mangel på samme i det politiske spil.......En gennemgang af Ole Rømers liv med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og hans deltagelse eller mangel på samme i det politiske spil....

  16. Sprog som musikalsk notation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bergstrøm-Nielsen, Carl

    Artiklen behandler sprogbrug som supplement til noderne fra barokken og frem; Fluxus og Scratch Orchestra; den engelske Verbal Anthology; Stockhausens brug af verbal notation før tekst-samlingerne; detaljerede analyser af de to samlinger. Der konkluderes bla. om forskellige grader af fastlæggelse...

  17. Distribution of peptidergic populations in the human dentate gyrus (somatostatin [SOM-28, SOM-12] and neuropeptide Y [NPY]) during postnatal development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cebada-Sánchez, S; Insausti, R; González-Fuentes, J; Arroyo-Jiménez, M M; Rivas-Infante, E; Lagartos, M J; Martínez-Ruiz, J; Lozano, G; Marcos, P

    2014-10-01

    The postnatal development of the human hippocampal formation establishes the time and place at which we start autobiographical memories. However, data concerning the maturation of the neurochemical phenotypes characteristic of interneurons in the human hippocampus are scarce. We have studied the perinatal and postnatal changes of the dentate gyrus (DG) interneuron populations at three rostrocaudal levels. Immunohistochemically identified neurons and fibers for somatostatin (SOM-12 and SOM-28) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the co-localization of SOM-28 and NPY were analyzed. In total, 13 cases were investigated from late pregnancy (1 case), perinatal period (6 cases), first year (1 case), early infancy (3 cases), and late infancy (2 cases). Overall, the pattern of distribution of these peptides in the DG was similar to that of the adult. The distribution of cells was charted, and the cell density (number of positive cells/mm(2)) was calculated. The highest density corresponded to the polymorphic cell layer and was higher at pre- and perinatal periods. At increasing ages, neuron density modifications revealed a decrease from 5 postnatal months onward. In contrast, by late infancy, two immunoreactive bands for SOM-28 and NPY in the molecular layer were much better defined. Double-immunohistochemistry showed that NPY-positive neurons co-localized with SOM-28, whereas some fibers contained only one or other of the neuropeptides. Thus, this peptidergic population, presumably inhibitory, probably has a role in DG maturation and its subsequent functional activity in memory processing.

  18. Schelling og Nietzsche som kritikere af Descartes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liisberg, Sune

    2008-01-01

    : 'Hvad er det første for mig' - og svaret var: 'Det er jeg selv'. Cogito-argumentet, der implicerer en forudgående beslutning om at drage alt i tvivl, manifesterer således en historisk enestående 'frigørelse fra al autoritet' (Schelling). Ifølge Schelling - der ligesom Schopenhauer og Nietzsche havde...... blik for, at cogito-argumentet og dets problemer har med dets sprogbundethed at gøre - er ytringsdimensionen nu helt afgørende for cogito-argumentets meningsfuldhed, da allerede 'den blotte tanke 'Jeg er' kan forstås som en indre ytring og forudsætter et talende jeg'. Nietzsche henleder opmærksomheden...... på, at 'eftersom Descartes formulerer cogito-argumentet sprogligt, kan det ikke være nogen umiddelbar, første erkendelse'. Nietzsche antager nemlig, at Descartes selv fejlagtigt betragtede cogito-argumentet som en umiddelbar vished - altså strengt taget ikke som et argument. Men Descartes blev...

  19. Deep SOMs for automated feature extraction and classification from big data streaming

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakkari, Mohamed; Ejbali, Ridha; Zaied, Mourad

    2017-03-01

    In this paper, we proposed a deep self-organizing map model (Deep-SOMs) for automated features extracting and learning from big data streaming which we benefit from the framework Spark for real time streams and highly parallel data processing. The SOMs deep architecture is based on the notion of abstraction (patterns automatically extract from the raw data, from the less to more abstract). The proposed model consists of three hidden self-organizing layers, an input and an output layer. Each layer is made up of a multitude of SOMs, each map only focusing at local headmistress sub-region from the input image. Then, each layer trains the local information to generate more overall information in the higher layer. The proposed Deep-SOMs model is unique in terms of the layers architecture, the SOMs sampling method and learning. During the learning stage we use a set of unsupervised SOMs for feature extraction. We validate the effectiveness of our approach on large data sets such as Leukemia dataset and SRBCT. Results of comparison have shown that the Deep-SOMs model performs better than many existing algorithms for images classification.

  20. Portræt af litteraturkritikeren som ungt menneske

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schatz-Jakobsen, Claus

    2004-01-01

    Artiklen præsenterer den amerikanske litteraturkritiker Geoffrey Hartmans tidlige forfatterskab og fremdrager dets selvbiografiske undertekst som nødvendig effekt af den unge Hartmans fascination af den engelske romantiker William Wordsworths forfatterskab.......Artiklen præsenterer den amerikanske litteraturkritiker Geoffrey Hartmans tidlige forfatterskab og fremdrager dets selvbiografiske undertekst som nødvendig effekt af den unge Hartmans fascination af den engelske romantiker William Wordsworths forfatterskab....

  1. Forskeres arbejde med oplevelser af børns tegninger som forskningsmetode

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Anne Maj

    2012-01-01

    , experiences, intentions and engagement that may be difficult to articulate verbally. Research can include children’s art and drawings to study phenomena such as children’s feelings, emotions, experiences, intentions and engagements. Transparency of the ways in which art and drawings in specific ways...... at gøre rede for hvordan forskerens sanselige og æstetiske oplevelser af børns tegninger kan gøres transparente ved at tegninger betragtes som ’æstetiske objekter’ som led i forskningsprocessen. In art and drawing children can visually express phenomena in their mind such as feelings, emotions...... contribute to knowledge is a challenge in research. The aim of this article is to describe and discuss how the construct ‘aesthetic object’ may offer researchers an approach to children’s art and drawings that can explicitly include the researcher’s sensory and aesthetic experiences as knowledge....

  2. Børn med diagnoser som pædagogisk-psykologisk udfordring

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bøttcher, Louise

    2013-01-01

    hovedsageligt vanskelighederne ud fra en social vinkel. Den artikels dialektiske balancegang mellem de to positioner vil udfolde en forståelse af diagnoser som ADHD eller autismespektrumforstyrrelser, som tager udgangspunkt i at en eller flere biologiske afvigelser meget vel kan være den oprindelige årsag til...... hvordan uoverensstemmelsen mellem barnet og omgivelserne skaber problemer og udfordringer, kan diagnosen blive nyttig. Nemlig som dialektisk redskab til at analysere de psykologiske og pædagogiske udviklingsmæssige konsekvenser af at have en psykisk udviklingsforstyrrelse af typen ASD eller ADHD – frem...

  3. Turistkort som geografisk kommunikation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Niels Christian

    2009-01-01

      Kort har længe spillet en central rolle i turisters ferieplanlægning og aktiviteter på feriestedet, og forventes at gøre det i fremtiden, suppleret med andre kilder til geografisk information. Men først i forbindelse med introduktionen af GIS og mobile applikationer som telefon og GPS er den...

  4. Som at noget lettede

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berliner, Peter; Glendøs, Mia

    2010-01-01

    Den høje voldsrate i Kalaallit Nunaat (Grønland) forklares ofte ud fra alkoholmisbrug og affektive handlinger. I denne artikel vises det gennem en kvantitativ og kvalitativ undersøgelse, at den episodiske vold må forstås som symptomer på strukturel vold. Den strukturelle vold er en kontekst, der ...

  5. Interaktiv forskning som samarbejdsdrevet innovation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Martinez, Laia

    2012-01-01

    Hovedformålet med denne artikel er at formidle nogle af de metodiske overvejelser, som jeg har gjort mig om samspillet mellem forskere og praktikere i forbindelse med gennemførelsen af mit Ph.d.-projekt om innovationsledelse i danske kommuner....

  6. Gruppen som container og potentielt læringsrum gennem refleksion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Søbirk, Helle Henni

    2012-01-01

    Al psykomotorisk intervention foregår i en relation mellem den psykomotoriske terapeut og individ eller gruppe. Derfor anses relations- og refleksionskompetencer som fagpersonlige kernekompetencer i den psykomotoriske praksis og er et centralt formål med "anvendte grupper" som hhv. udviklings-, t...

  7. CEMSKUM - Anvendelighed som isoleringsmateriale i bygninger

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

    2002-01-01

    Resume af rapport om mulighederne for at anvende Cemskum som isoleringsmateriale i bygningskonstruktioner, udarbejdet af Cemsystems I/S under Energistyrelsens udviklingsprogram "Miljø- og arbejdsmiljøvenlig isolering"...

  8. «Halvdød av frost, men levende og beredt». Speiderbevegelsen som disiplineringsprosjekt

    OpenAIRE

    Schaanning, Espen

    2013-01-01

    I det som gjerne betegnes som speidernes Bibel, Scouting for Boys (1908), løftet speiderbevegelsens grunnlegger, Robert Baden-Powell (1857–1941), fram personer som alle speidergutter burde ha som forbilder. Et slikt forbilde beskrives slik: «Den romerske soldaten fra gamle dager, som ble stående på sin post da Pompeii ble begravd av lava og aske fra vulkanen Vesuv, viste lojalitet mot sin plikt. De har funnet liket hans og kan se hvordan han holdt hånden foran munn og nese for ikke å bli kval...

  9. Lekfull kreativitet. Fysiska användargränssnitt som erbjuder social och fysisk interaktion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brooks, Eva Irene

    2017-01-01

    I den här artikeln presenteras en studie som ägde rum under två år i fem olika förskolor i Danmark och som inkluderade 55 barn. Specifikt undersökte vi hur fysiska användargränssnitt kan stötta social och fysisk interaktion. Studien applicerade en design-baserad metodologi som följde en iterativ,......, cyklisk process. Analysen visade att fysiska gränssnitt som främjar utforskande aktiviteter, verbala interaktioner och samarbete har en potential att erbjuda lekfulla lärande situationer som understödjer fria men också guidade aktiviteter....

  10. Kongehuset som varemærke og nationalt symbol

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ravn Sørensen, Anders

    2016-01-01

    Kongehuset er ikke bare et nationalt symbol. Det er også et varemærke, som der er al mulig grund til at beskytte og vogte nidkært over. Kronen har nemlig god brandmæssig værdi.......Kongehuset er ikke bare et nationalt symbol. Det er også et varemærke, som der er al mulig grund til at beskytte og vogte nidkært over. Kronen har nemlig god brandmæssig værdi....

  11. Validering som kommunikationsfärdighet till par där kvinnan har vaginism

    OpenAIRE

    Bernling, Marit; Munck af Rosenschöld, Lisa

    2009-01-01

    Vaginism är ett sexuellt problem som förekommer hos kvinnor och som i tidigare utvärderade behandlingar betraktats som kvinnans problem. Forskning inom området vaginism är begränsad och kunskap om parrelationens roll för vidmakthållandet av problematiken och upplevd relationstillfredsställelse saknas. Studiens syfte var att utforma en parbehandling där kommunikationsinterventionen validering lärs ut som färdighet, utforska om det fanns ett intresse för deltagande, samt utvärdera om behandling...

  12. Safety evaluation and bacterial community of kung-som using PCR-DGGE technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sutanate Saelao

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluates the safety of kung-som which was distributed in local markets and using PCR-DGGE technique to identify microflora in kung-som. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB were found at counts of more than 7 log CFU g-1 in all samples and the total viable counts were about 5-8 log CFU g-1 . Bacillus cereus and yeasts were detected at around 2 log CFU g-1 and 5-6log CFU g-1, respectively. For DGGE analysis, LAB and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS bacteria dominated over other microorganisms. The sequencing of the DNA bands from DGGE gels corresponding to kung-som samples showed the presence of LAB as the major microflora in the products, namely: Lactobacillus farciminis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus garvieae, Tetragenococcus halophilus and Weissella thailandensis. In addition, Staphylococcus carnosus was detected in kung-som as minor microflora. These dominant strains would allow the development of defined starter cultures for improving the quality of kung-som.

  13. E-tiviteter som eksamensform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anette Grønning

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Med udgangspunkt i faget "Digital kommunikation på arbejde" præsenterer og diskuterer denne artikel en række anvendte digitale eksamensformer (e-tiviteter. E-tiviteterne er udarbejdet på baggrund af Gilly Salmons 5-fase-model og e-tivitetskoncept. Den anvendte e-læringsplatform er Blackboard, som de studerende og underviseren kender i forvejen. I artiklen præsenteres fagets e-tiviteter og undervisningsforløbet med e-tiviteter som eksamensform diskuteres. En række fordele og ulemper ved at veksle mellem offline- og online-aktiviteter (blended learning bliver behandlet. Det konkluderes, at de studerendes engagement og motivation kan øges ved at koble e-tiviteter sammen med eksamensformen "80% tilstedeværelse og aktiv deltagelse". Desuden fremhæves det, at aktivitetsniveauet mellem lektionerne og forberedelsesomfaget øges, ligesom de studerende motiveres til higher order thinking ved fx at tage ansvar for egen læring, udføre analyse og indgå i processen med kritisk refleksion. Endelig muliggør online-forløbet, at hele processen dokumenteres i faget til gavn for både underviser og studerende.

  14. Medborgerskab som skolefag i Malaysia

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tiemensma, Britt Due; Hald, Anne Mette

    2009-01-01

    Globalisering og internationalisering indgår med selvfølgelighed i uddannelsessektorens begrebsverden. Men hvad mener vi egentlig, når vi bruger begreberne? Benyttes de som abstrakte talemåder, for at vi skal kunne forholde os til uoverskueligheden i den aktuelle udvikling, eller kan begreberne k...

  15. Ole Rømer som enevældens administrator

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian

    2004-01-01

    En biografisk skitse af Ole Rømers virke med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og rådgiver for Christian V. Hans virke analyseres på baggrund af en ny forståelse for den tidlige enevældes politiske kultur.......En biografisk skitse af Ole Rømers virke med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og rådgiver for Christian V. Hans virke analyseres på baggrund af en ny forståelse for den tidlige enevældes politiske kultur....

  16. Krisekommunikation som model for virksomhedsretorik?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rasmussen, Rasmus Kjærgaard

    2017-01-01

    kommunikativt konstitueret fænomener. Her argumenterer jeg for en analytisk syntese mellem framingteorier og det såkaldte CCO-paradigme, til sammen kan hjælpe krisekommunikationsteorierne med at slippe den aprioriske tilgang til kriser ved at forstå såvel kriser og organisationer som resultatet af kommunikative...

  17. Identification of illicit drugs by using SOM neural networks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liang Meiyan; Shen Jingling; Wang Guangqin [Beijing Key Lab for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037 (China)], E-mail: liangyan661982@163.com, E-mail: jinglingshen@gmail.com, E-mail: pywgq2004@163.com

    2008-07-07

    Absorption spectra of six illicit drugs were measured by using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technique in the range 0.2-2.6 THz and then clustered with self-organization feature map (SOM) artificial neural network. After the network training process, the spectra collected at another time were identified successfully by the well-trained SOM network. An effective distance was introduced as a quantitative criterion to decide which cluster the new spectra were affiliated with.

  18. Identification of illicit drugs by using SOM neural networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liang Meiyan; Shen Jingling; Wang Guangqin

    2008-01-01

    Absorption spectra of six illicit drugs were measured by using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technique in the range 0.2-2.6 THz and then clustered with self-organization feature map (SOM) artificial neural network. After the network training process, the spectra collected at another time were identified successfully by the well-trained SOM network. An effective distance was introduced as a quantitative criterion to decide which cluster the new spectra were affiliated with

  19. Skønlitteraturen som opposition

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Pelle Oliver

    2011-01-01

    Troels Troels-Lund er kendt som foregangsmanden i den første kulturhistoriske bølge i Danmark fra omkring 1880. Hans form for kulturhistorie vandt imidlertid aldrig for alvor faghistorikernes anerkendelse, og Troels-Lund blev udgrænset. Denne artikel går tilbage til 1870’erne og indeholder en ana...

  20. Med det sociale som designmateriale

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brandt, Eva; Binder, Thomas

    2016-01-01

    Samarbejde, samskabelse og social nysgerrighed er i dag en præmis for den nyskabende designer. Det sociale er det nye designmateriale som unge designere giver sig i kast med når f.eks. Emmy Linde samarbejder med plejehjemsbeboere, deres pårørende, plejepersonale og fysioterapeuter for at designe ...

  1. Utholdenhetstrening i fotball: En analyse av smålagsspill brukt som utholdenhetstrening

    OpenAIRE

    Lorvik, Knut

    2013-01-01

    Utholdenhet er en fysisk egenskap som har betydning for fotballprestasjonen. Det viser flere studier. Helgerud (et al. 2001) fant signifikante forbedringer i forhold til flere fysiske mål som ble testet. Impellizzeri (et al. 2008) fant i sin studie at en forbedring i VO2max påvirket kortpasningsferdighetene positivt. I denne oppgaven har jeg fokusert på utholdenhetstrening i fotball og har to problemstillinger. Den første problemstillingen handler om hvilke studier som er gjort av utholde...

  2. Luhmanns masmedieteori och Internet som ett artificiellt intelligent semiotiskt system Luhmanns massmedieteori och Internet som ett artificiellt intelligent semiotiskt system [Luhmann’s mass-media theory and Internet as an artificial intelligent semiotic system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peter Kåhre

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Artikeln diskuterar hur en modern form av AI-programmering, som kallas Konnektionism i en design som kallas Distribuerad AI (DAI, påverkar den uppfattning Luhmann har om massmediernas roll för den andra ordningens observationer. DAI använder noder för att skapa aktivitet i systemen och inte de koder som styr processerna i den klassiska eller symboliska formen av AI. Luhmanns teori kan utvecklas genom att ersätta systemens koder med noder som förändras beroende på i vilken relation de står till andra noder. På så sätt kan kommunikationsbegreppet utvecklas så att det också omfattar systemens interaktioner med omvärlden. Det skapar en bättre förutsättning för att observationsmöjligheter direkt uppstår genom systemens relationer till omvärlden. Internet och AI-programmerade söksystem och robotar kan då fungera som ett artificiellt semiotiskt system som skapar möjligheter att göra observationer.The article discusses how a modern form of AI programming, known as Connectionism in a design known as Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI, affects the perception Luhmann has on mass media's role concerning second-order observations. DAI uses nodes to create activity in the systems and not the codes used by the Classic or Symbolic form of AI. Luhmann’s theory can be developed by replacing the systems codes with nodes that change depending on their relations to other nodes. In this way, we can reformulate the concept of communication, so that it includes the systems interactions with the environment. It creates better conditions so that observing opportunities may arise directly from these interactions. Internet and AI-programmed search systems and robots can then act as an artificial semiotic system that creates opportunities for making observations.

  3. Kina som stormagt i Arktis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nørup Sørensen, Camilla Tenna

    I slutningen af januar 2018 offentliggjorde Kina sin længe ventede Arktisstrategi. Den står som en foreløbig kulmination på de senere års udvikling af et mere selvsikkert, proaktivt og sofistikeret kinesisk diplomati i Arktis. Beijing har intensiveret bestræbelserne på at etablere stærke og...

  4. Fermi field and Dirac oscillator in a Som-Raychaudhuri space-time

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Montigny, Marc; Zare, Soroush; Hassanabadi, Hassan

    2018-05-01

    We investigate the relativistic dynamics of a Dirac field in the Som-Raychaudhuri space-time, which is described by a Gödel-type metric and a stationary cylindrical symmetric solution of Einstein field equations for a charged dust distribution in rigid rotation. In order to analyze the effect of various physical parameters of this space-time, we solve the Dirac equation in the Som-Raychaudhuri space-time and obtain the energy levels and eigenfunctions of the Dirac operator by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. We also examine the behaviour of the Dirac oscillator in the Som-Raychaudhuri space-time, in particular, the effect of its frequency and the vorticity parameter.

  5. Værdibasering som kommunal praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ostrowski, Kasper

    2009-01-01

    og tværkommunale forskelle foranlediget af kommunalreformen i Danmark. Begrebet ’værdibaseret ledelse’ gestaltes ofte med en både frustrerende lethed og på fascinerende vis som fænomen. Dette har ansporet min interesse for i denne afhandling at undersøge, hvorledes værdibaseret ledelse kan forstås...

  6. Sæbeopera som Forestillingsgenererende Teknologi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Waltorp, Karen

    2013-01-01

    Gennem en række empiriske eksempler fra Mauretanien, Danmark og Sydafrika analyserer artiklen dramaserier på tv som en art social teknologi, der tillader infor- manterne at generere forestillinger om andre liv og andre verdener, der på én gang er langt væk og tæt på. 'Soap operas' produceret i USA...

  7. Feltarbejde som læringsrum

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Lisbeth Revsbæk

    2010-01-01

    artiklen beskrives, hvordan refleksionsrum og metakommunikative processer opleves af studerende, og hvilken betydning disse rum får for deres forståelse af såvel egne som uddannelsens læreprocesser. Artiklen er en del af en antologi, der tager sit udgangspunkt i de mange rum mellem uddannelse og profession......, databearbejdning, feltarbejde og teaching lab....

  8. Løgnene er ikke så nemme at huske som sandheden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bertelsen, Bettina

    2005-01-01

    Formålet med denne artikel er at belyse og diskutere, hvordan og hvorvidt prostituion kan forstås som et socialt problem. Dette vil jeg gøre gennem en teoretisk diskussion og analyse af prostitution som et socialt problem belyst ud fra konkrete projekterfaringer. Erfaringerne stammer dels fra...

  9. Machinima som kreativ praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Frølunde, Lisbeth

    2014-01-01

    Video: Machinima som Kreativ Praksis. Videoen fortæller om de overordnede temaer i et forskningsprojekt der undersøgte nye former for online multimedie- og filmproduktion og fællesskaber med fokus på 'machinima' animation. Studiet af machinima var en del af et større dansk projekt og et nordisk f...... forskningprojekt om virtuelle verdener og teknologiudvikling, 2010-13. Videoen er præsenteret på Audiovisual Thinking nr. 7 under temaet: Den kreative økonomi....

  10. Effect of variable soil texture, metal saturation of soil organic matter (SOM) and tree species composition on spatial distribution of SOM in forest soils in Poland.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gruba, Piotr; Socha, Jarosław; Błońska, Ewa; Lasota, Jarosław

    2015-07-15

    In this study we investigated the effect of fine (ϕclay (FF) content in soils, site moisture, metal (Al and Fe) of soil organic matter (SOM) and forest species composition on the spatial distribution of carbon (C) pools in forest soils at the landscape scale. We established 275 plots in regular 200×200m grid in a forested area of 14.4km(2). Fieldwork included soil sampling of the organic horizon, mineral topsoil and subsoil down to 40cm deep. We analysed the vertical and horizontal distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, as well as the quantity of physically separated fractions including the free light (fLF), occluded light (oLF) and mineral associated fractions (MAF) in the mineral topsoil (A, AE) horizons. Distribution of C in soils was predominantly affected by the variation in the FF content. In soils richer in the FF more SOC was accumulated in mineral horizons and less in the organic horizons. Accumulation of SOC in mineral soil was also positively affected by the degree of saturation of SOM with Al and Fe. The increasing share of beech influenced the distribution of C stock in soil profiles by reducing the depth of O horizon and increasing C stored in mineral soil. The content of FF was positively correlated with the content of C in MAF and fLF fractions. The content of oLF and MAF fractions was also positively influenced by a higher degree of metal saturation, particularly Al. Our results confirmed that Al plays an important role in the stabilization of SOM inside aggregates (CoLF) and as in CMAF fractions. We also found a significant, positive effect of beech on the CfLF and fir on the CoLF content. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. [Study on mechanism of SOM stabilization of paddy soils under long-term fertilizations].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luo, Lu; Zhou, Ping; Tong, Cheng-Li; Shi, Hui; Wu, Jin-Shui; Huang, Tie-Ping

    2013-02-01

    Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to study the structure of soil organic matter (SOM) of paddy soils under long-term different fertilization treatments. The aim was to clarify the different distribution of SOM between different fertilization methods and between topsoil and subsoil, and to explore the stability mechanism of SOM under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that the content of topsoil organic carbon (SOC) was the highest under organic-inorganic fertilizations, with the increment of SOC by 18.5%, 12.9% and 18.4% under high organic manure (HOM), low organic manure (LOM) and straw returning (STW) respectively compared with no fertilization treatment (CK). The long-term fertilizations also changed the chemical structure of SOM. As compared with CK, different fertilization treatments increased the functional group absorbing intensity of chemical resistance compounds (aliphatic, aromaticity), carbohydrate and organo-silicon compounds, which was the most distinctive under treatments of HOM, LOM and STW. For example, the absorbing intensity of alkyl was 0.30, 0.25 and 0.29 under HOM, LOM and STW, respectively. These values were increased by 87% , 56% and 81% as compared with that under CK treatment. The functional group absorbing intensity of SOM in the topsoil was stronger than that in the subsoil, with the most distinctive difference under HOM, LOM and STW treatments. The present research indicated that the enhanced chemical resistance of functional group of SOM may contribute to the high contents of SOC in the paddy soils under long-term organic-inorganic fertilizations, which also suggested a chemical stabilization mechanism of SOM in the paddy soils.

  12. Supply Chain Management som interaktionel praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Smith, Leo Feddersen; Lund, Anders

    2016-01-01

    I dette bidrag undersøger vi Supply Chain Management som en interaktionel praksis forankret i kommunikation. Med udgangspunkt i e-mail korrespondancer undersøger vi, hvordan køber-leverandør forholdet kommunikativt konstitueres mellem to danske SMVer og deres kinesiske leverandører. Det...

  13. Får - ett miljövänligt alternativ som ogräsbekämpning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Anne Mette Dahl; Sintorn, Kim

    2010-01-01

    Erfarenhetsutbyte omkring fårbete som ogräsbekämpning var bland annat på dagordningen då svenska och danska greenkeepers som helt eller delvis sköter sina banor pesticidfritt möttes på Furesö Golfklubb den 4 maj i år.......Erfarenhetsutbyte omkring fårbete som ogräsbekämpning var bland annat på dagordningen då svenska och danska greenkeepers som helt eller delvis sköter sina banor pesticidfritt möttes på Furesö Golfklubb den 4 maj i år....

  14. Perception som forståelsens grundlag

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Charlotte Marie Bisgaard

    2005-01-01

    sprogpsykologisk som sense-making procedurer. Perception har ifølge William James at gøre med personers forståelser. Monets katedralmalerier fra Rouen og Cézannes billeder fra Aix-en Provence samt hans Selvportræt med Bowlerhat (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek) sammenholdes med Merleau-Pontys Perceptionens Primat og...

  15. Massemedier som forum for politisk debat

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Laursen, Bo; Trapp, Leila

    2015-01-01

    Ifølge normative teorier om politisk offentlighed og demokrati bør der i deliberative demokratier som det danske foregå en bred offentlig debat, inden politikere træffer beslutninger. Debatten, der i dagens Danmark hovedsagelig foregår i massemedierne, skal blandt andet sikre, at alle synspunkter...

  16. Mindfulness som smertehåndteringsredskab for kvinder med endometriose

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Mette Kold; Vedsted-Hansen, Hanne; Hansen, Tia G. B.

    2011-01-01

    Endometriose er en kronisk underlivssygdom med smerter og en række afledte problemer, som ikke nødvendigvis kan behandles med lægelige tiltag. Artiklen argumenterer for, at en mindfulness-baseret tilgang med fokus på smertehåndtering kan anvendes til denne klientgruppe. I vestlig terapeutisk...... sammenhæng kan mindfulness karakteriseres som nærvær, observation og beskrivelse af sansninger uden vurdering eller reaktion. Mindfulness-træning har effekt mod andre typer stress og kroniske smerter, og artiklen opridser et koncept til anvendelse ved endometriose. Konceptet belyses med en case, hvor...

  17. Brands som brikker i konstruktionen af identitet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Judy

    2008-01-01

    Forbrug spiller en vigtig rolle i produktionen af mening og værdier, som kan skabe og vedligeholde både forbrugerens personlige og sociale verden - og derfor er reklame også en vigtig kilde til disse symbolske betydninger. Udgivelsesdato: juni...

  18. Djævelen som Guds advokat - Nietzsche, filosofien og Paulus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pallesen, Carsten

    2012-01-01

    Artiklen tegner et dobbeltportræt af Paulus og Nietzsche ud fra en række nyere diskussioner om Nietzsches syn på Paulus hos aktuelle Nietzscheforskere, men også med udblik til den Paulus-renæssance, som har fundet sted i filosofien. Med det sidste tænkes navnlig på den franske filosof Alain Badious...... tese om Paulus som universalismens tænker. Artiklen fremhæver, hvordan hermeneutiske, kommunikationsteoretiske og semiotiske tilgange i den nyere tyske forskning navnlig hos Werner Stegmaier har ændret synet på forholdet mellem Nietzsches ’tegn’ (Dionysos, Zarathustra, ’anti-krist’) over for Nietzsches...... retfærdiggørelse ved troen. Nietzsches forhold til kristendommen er ikke kun bestemt af negative vurderinger, men tillige af en ambivalent taknemmelighed, som når han i den sene fase af forfatterskabet på en gang identificerer sig med Dionysos og ’den korsfæstede’....

  19. Impact of Fe(III)-OM complexes and Fe(III) polymerization on SOM pools reactivity under different land uses

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giannetta, B.; Plaza, C.; Zaccone, C.; Siebecker, M. G.; Rovira, P.; Vischetti, C.; Sparks, D. L.

    2017-12-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) protection and long-term accumulation are controlled by adsorption to mineral surfaces in different ways, depending on its molecular structure and pedo-climatic conditions. Iron (Fe) oxides are known to be key regulators of the soil carbon (C) cycle, and Fe speciation in soils is highly dependent on environmental conditions and chemical interactions with SOM. However, the molecular structure and hydrolysis of Fe species formed in association with SOM is still poorly described. We hypothesize the existence of two pools of Fe which interact with SOM: mononuclear Fe(III)-SOM complexes and precipitated Fe(III) hydroxides. To verify our hypothesis, we investigated the interactions between Fe(III) and physically isolated soil fractions by means of batch experiments at pH 7. Specifically, we examined the fine silt plus clay (FSi+C) fraction, obtained by ultrasonic dispersion and wet sieving. The soil samples spanned several land uses, including coniferous forest (CFS), grassland (GS), technosols (TS) and agricultural (AS) soils. Solid phase products and supernatants were analyzed for C and Fe content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were also performed. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to assess the main C functional groups involved in C complexation and desorption experiments. Preliminary linear combination fitting (LCF) of Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra suggested the formation of ferrihydrite-like polymeric Fe(III) oxides in reacted CFS and GS samples, with higher C and Fe concentration. Conversely, mononuclear Fe(III) OM complexes dominated the speciation for TS and AS samples, characterized by lower C and Fe concentration, inhibiting the hydrolysis and polymerization of Fe (III). This approach will help revealing the mechanisms by which SOM pools can control Fe(III) speciation, and will elucidate how both Fe

  20. "Vi har ikke noget at sige, men vi gør det så koncentreret som muligt"

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Kamma Overgaard

    mellemposition mellem på den ene side Arthur C. Dantos udråbelse af postmodernismen som The End of Art og Fredric Jamesons kritiske udlægning af den postmoderne kunst som simulerende og hans begrædelse af en tabt autenticitet - og på den anden side Linda Hutcheons langt mere positive definering af det...... postmoderne som ironisk og parodisk og dermed nytænkende og metareflekterende. Herudfra karakteriserer jeg De Unge Vilde som ironikere ud fra Søren Kierkegaards karakteristisk af ironikeren som en mellemfase mellem det æstetiske og det etiske livsstadie. Videre argumenterer jeg for, at Dantos ’end of art...

  1. On the Relationship between Variational Level Set-Based and SOM-Based Active Contours

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abdelsamea, Mohammed M.; Gnecco, Giorgio; Gaber, Mohamed Medhat; Elyan, Eyad

    2015-01-01

    Most Active Contour Models (ACMs) deal with the image segmentation problem as a functional optimization problem, as they work on dividing an image into several regions by optimizing a suitable functional. Among ACMs, variational level set methods have been used to build an active contour with the aim of modeling arbitrarily complex shapes. Moreover, they can handle also topological changes of the contours. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) have attracted the attention of many computer vision scientists, particularly in modeling an active contour based on the idea of utilizing the prototypes (weights) of a SOM to control the evolution of the contour. SOM-based models have been proposed in general with the aim of exploiting the specific ability of SOMs to learn the edge-map information via their topology preservation property and overcoming some drawbacks of other ACMs, such as trapping into local minima of the image energy functional to be minimized in such models. In this survey, we illustrate the main concepts of variational level set-based ACMs, SOM-based ACMs, and their relationship and review in a comprehensive fashion the development of their state-of-the-art models from a machine learning perspective, with a focus on their strengths and weaknesses. PMID:25960736

  2. Børnetegninger som orienteringsspor og forskningsdata

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Anne Maj

    2012-01-01

    orientation and to discuss how children’s art and drawings can be approached as research data. The construct of children’s art and drawings are comprised of a double approach: Children’s drawings are conceptualized as articulations of not yet thematized emotions, experiences and meaningfulness...... hvordan de er blevet anvendt i forskning samt diskuterer forskellige perspektiver på tegninger som forskningsmateriale og anvendelse af tegninger i forskning. The article aims to illustrate how children’s art and drawings can produce knowledge of children’s personal, experience-based and gendered...... and the articulations include use and learning of visual socio-cultural codes and symbols. The construct comprise an existential-phenomenological and a socio-cultural learning oriented approach. A variation of examples is presented to illustrate the use of children’s drawings in research and to discuss the introduced...

  3. From poverty to power? Brasiliansk sosialpolitikk som soft power-ressurs

    OpenAIRE

    Flatjord, Inger-Marie

    2015-01-01

    Grunnet markant fattigdomsreduksjon det siste tiåret, har Brasil gått fra å være det klassiske eksemplet på et land med stor fattigdom og enorme sosiale forskjeller, til å innta en posisjon som foregangsland i den globale utviklingsdiskursen. Landets sosialpolitikk har høstet annerkjennelse fra både FN og Verdensbanken, og Brasil opplever en stor etterspørsel fra utviklingsland som vil lære av landets sosialpolitiske erfaringer. I lys av dette har jeg i denne oppgaven analysert hvordan landet...

  4. Djur som en del i omvårdnad : En litteraturstudie

    OpenAIRE

    Jirback, Fia; Olsson, Malin

    2011-01-01

    Bakgrund: Äldre på boende idag kan känna att de saknar sociala interaktioner med vårdpersonal, familj eller vänner. För att uppleva god livskvalitet krävs bland annat trygghet, sociala interaktioner och aktiviteter. Djur kan användas som behandlingsmetod i vården i form av Animal-Assisted Activity (AAA) och Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT). Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sällskapsdjurs betydelse för äldres livskvalitet på äldreboende. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en allm...

  5. Time travel in the homogeneous Som-Raychaudhuri Universe

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paiva, F.M.; Reboucas, M.J.; Teixeira, A.F.F.

    1987-01-01

    Properties of the rotating Som-Raychaudhuri homogeneous space-time are investigated: time-like and null geodesics, causality features, horizons and invariant characterization. An integral representation of its five isometries is also discussed. (author) [pt

  6. Historiens Mening som et Kreativt Produkt - En Analyse av Camille Paglias "The Birth of the Western Eye"

    OpenAIRE

    Kyllingstad, Elisabeth

    2016-01-01

    Dette prosjektet er en metodisk tilnærming til Camille Paglias filosofiske historietekst ”The Birth of the Western Eye”. Sexual Personae – Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (1991) er en revidert versjon av doktorgradsavhendlingen hennes, som hun forsvarte i 1974. Den forteller om det Paglia identifiserer som grunnleggende drivkrefter i det vestlige mennesket, og dets kunstneriske produksjon. På denne måten kan verket leses som en guide gjennom vestlig tenkning så vel som kun...

  7. Snehvides Billede som virkelighedsteater

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Krøgholt, Ida

    2015-01-01

    nyere affektforskning, der er rettet mod kunstens henvendelsesformer og virkninger (bl.a. Massumi og Deleuze), markeres der en interesseforskydning fra følelse til affekt. Det får den konsekvens, at forklaringer på hvordan kunst fungerer og virker ikke søges i tilskuerens følelsesregistreringer men...... affektive henvendelsesform, henter jeg inspiration i aktør-netværks teorien (Latour) og denne teoris materialitets- og tingsbegreb. Den kølige form for virkelighedsteater, som Snehvides Billede repræsenterer, vil ikke vække tilskuerens trang til at gribe ind i virkeligheden. Den vil snarere, via affekt...

  8. Using Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Clusters of Ozonesonde Profiles to Evaluate Climatologies and Create Linkages between Meteorology and Pollution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stauffer, R. M.; Thompson, A. M.; Young, G. S.; Oltmans, S. J.; Johnson, B.

    2016-12-01

    Ozone (O3) climatologies are typically created by averaging ozonesonde profiles on a monthly or seasonal basis, either for specific regions or zonally. We demonstrate the advantages of using a statistical clustering technique, self-organizing maps (SOM), over this simple averaging, through analysis of more than 4500 sonde profiles taken from the long-term US sites at Boulder, CO; Huntsville, AL; Trinidad Head, CA; and Wallops Island, VA. First, we apply SOM to O3 mixing ratios from surface to 12 km amsl. At all four sites, profiles in SOM clusters exhibit similar tropopause height, 500 hPa height and temperature, and total and tropospheric column O3. Second, when profiles from each SOM cluster are compared to monthly O3 means, near-tropopause O3 in three of the clusters is double (over +100 ppbv) the climatological O3 mixing ratio. The three clusters include 13-16% of all profiles, mostly from winter and spring. Large mid-tropospheric deviations from monthly means are found in two highly-populated clusters that represent either distinctly polluted (summer) or clean O3 (fall-winter, high tropopause) profiles. Thus, SOM indeed appear to represent US O3 profile statistics better than conventional climatologies. In the case of Trinidad Head, SOM clusters of O3 profile data from the lower troposphere (surface-6 km amsl) can discriminate background vs polluted O3 and the meteorology associated with each. Two of nine O3 clusters exhibit thin layers ( 100s of m thick) of high O3, typically between 1 and 4 km. Comparisons between clusters and downwind, high-altitude surface O3 measurements display a marked impact of the elevated tropospheric O­­3. Days corresponding to the high O3 clusters exhibit hourly surface O3 anomalies at surface sites of +5 -10 ppbv compared to a climatology; the anomalies can last up to four days. We also explore applications of SOM to tropical ozonesonde profiles, where tropospheric O3 variability is generally smaller.

  9. Hvordan ser den ost ud, som De ikke ved, De vil elske om to år?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grunert, Klaus G.

    2006-01-01

    Kender de Deres "latente behov"? Det gør De selvfølgelig ikke. Det er jo definitionen af begrebet: Et latent behov er et behov, som man ikke ved, at man har, men som kommer til overfladen, når man møder det rigtige produkt, som opfylder netop dette behov. Latente behov vedrører derfor den ost, vi...

  10. Med sjefen på Facebook: En studie av ledere som er "venner" med sine ansatte

    OpenAIRE

    Jensen, Anita

    2014-01-01

    MR690 Masteroppgave i organisasjon og ledelse - utdanningsledelse Formålet med studien er å belyse hvordan aktiv bruk av sosiale medier, i dette tilfellet Facebook, påvirker relasjoner mellom mennesker. Hva skjer når en tar i bruk en websjanger som i utgangspunktet er umiddelbar og uformell, til jobbrelatert og mer formell kommunikasjon? Er det sjangeren eller relasjonen som endres? Søkelyset rettes mot ledere som er “venner” med sine medarbeidere, og problemstillingen er...

  11. Filosofisk terapi som træning til døden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dræby, Anders

    Den eksistentielfænomenologiske terapi deler den opfattelse med stoicismen, at filosofiens hovedopgave er at hjælpe mennesket med at finde vej i en problematisk verden. Oplægget udforsker desuden et overlap, som består i den indsigt, at terapeutisk udfrielse fra menneskelig lidelse til livsduelig......Den eksistentielfænomenologiske terapi deler den opfattelse med stoicismen, at filosofiens hovedopgave er at hjælpe mennesket med at finde vej i en problematisk verden. Oplægget udforsker desuden et overlap, som består i den indsigt, at terapeutisk udfrielse fra menneskelig lidelse til...

  12. Forholdet mellem public relations og marketing som ledelsesfunktioner

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James E. Grunig

    1993-09-01

    Full Text Available I forsommeren 1993 tildelte Dansk Public Relations Forening årets PR- pris til mesterkommunikatøren Lars Larsen, Jysk Sengetøjslager/Larsen Rejser. I motiveringen hedder det, at Lars Larsen hædres for "en prisvær- dig Public Relations indsats, der kan motivere til en øget anvendelse af Public Relations i den danske forretningsverden". Blandt PR-foreningens medlemmer vakte pristildelingen en vis furore; et indlæg i foreningens blad PRspektiv invendte, at Lars Larsen driver "publicity" (dvs. et reklame- værktøj - "Præcis den slags PR, som vi i mange år har arbejdet på at distancere Public Relation-begrebet fra". Lars Larsen selv sagde, at han slet ikke skelner mellem Public Relations, PR og markedsføring. Et andet indlæg i bladet argumenterede for, at det ikke længere giver mening at adskille begreberne Public Relations og markedsføring, fordi grænsen mellem det offentlige og det private ude i virkeligheden er mere og mere flydende. James Grunigs artikel, der søger at afklare forholdet mellem PR og marketing teoretisk og praktisk, er derfor brændende aktuelt, ikke mindst for PR-fagets bestræbelser på at blive anerkendt som en respek- tabel profession. Den blev præsenteret som foredrag under Grunigs Dan- marksbesøg i marts 1993, er redigeret af Kim Schrøder og oversat fra engelsk af Kenja Henriksen.

  13. Rousseau som modsvar til forceret talentudvikling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Holm, Claus; Nielsen, Jens Christian

    2015-01-01

    pædagogisk syn på børn og unges udvikling. Men dette syn er nu under pres. Det kommer for eksempel til udtryk, når en international idrætsaktør som FC Barcelona vil oprette elitært orienterede fodboldakademier for børn ned til 6-årsalderen i Danmark. Men inspireret af filosoffen Jean-Jacques Rousseau og...

  14. Livsvalg konceptualiseret som dynamisk realisering af livsbaner

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schnieber, Anette

    2009-01-01

    De valgsituationer, man i daglig tale kender som ”tilværelsens store valg”, mangler definition i den psykologiske litteratur, og det er således ikke klart, hvorvidt og evt. hvorledes disse valg adskiller sig fra andre typer. I artiklen gives en definition af ”de store valg”, og de adskilles fra...

  15. Læring som improviseret udvikling af praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brinck, Lars

    2010-01-01

    Med afsæt i forfatterens fænomenografiske studie af amerikanske musikeres oplevelse af det at jamme diskuterer artiklen, hvorvidt jam-bandets spontant improviserende praksis kan give ny forståelse af rytmiske musikeres læring som et overordnet socialt fænomen. Ved at betragte jam-bandets praksis i...

  16. Feedback i professionsuddannelsen som pædagog

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rold, Mette; Bjørnshave, Inge Andrea

    2015-01-01

    Feedback som begreb er her og nu kommet i søgelyset på de videregående uddannelser, fordi mange studerende, blandt andet i medierne, tilkendegiver at de ikke modtager nok feedback i forhold til den undervisning, de modtager. Dette paper er udgangspunkt for en fælles diskussion om netop dette....

  17. Selvrefleksion som uddannelsesgreb – en kritisk diskussion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Feilberg, Casper

    2015-01-01

    Hvordan kan ureflekteret motivation gribe forstyrrende ind i de studerendes videnskabelige arbejde, og hvordan kan man som vejleder forholde sig til disse private forhold på en både faglig og etisk forsvarlig måde? I artiklen vises eksempler på, at studerende nemt kan komme til at agere ud fra ur...

  18. Knowledge-based approach for functional MRI analysis by SOM neural network using prior labels from Talairach stereotaxic space

    Science.gov (United States)

    Erberich, Stephan G.; Willmes, Klaus; Thron, Armin; Oberschelp, Walter; Huang, H. K.

    2002-04-01

    Among the methods proposed for the analysis of functional MR we have previously introduced a model-independent analysis based on the self-organizing map (SOM) neural network technique. The SOM neural network can be trained to identify the temporal patterns in voxel time-series of individual functional MRI (fMRI) experiments. The separated classes consist of activation, deactivation and baseline patterns corresponding to the task-paradigm. While the classification capability of the SOM is not only based on the distinctness of the patterns themselves but also on their frequency of occurrence in the training set, a weighting or selection of voxels of interest should be considered prior to the training of the neural network to improve pattern learning. Weighting of interesting voxels by means of autocorrelation or F-test significance levels has been used successfully, but still a large number of baseline voxels is included in the training. The purpose of this approach is to avoid the inclusion of these voxels by using three different levels of segmentation and mapping from Talairach space: (1) voxel partitions at the lobe level, (2) voxel partitions at the gyrus level and (3) voxel partitions at the cell level (Brodmann areas). The results of the SOM classification based on these mapping levels in comparison to training with all brain voxels are presented in this paper.

  19. Fiskeren som forsvant? En studie av avfolking, overbefolking og endringsprosesser i norsk fiskerinæring

    OpenAIRE

    Johnsen, Jahn Petter

    2003-01-01

    Hva er en fisker? Dette er det sentrale spørsmålet i denne avhandlinga. Spørsmålet er utgangspunkt for å utforske endringsprosesser i fiskerinæringa, både i fortida og i samtida. På bakgrunn av dette drøfter avhandlinga hvilke oppfatninger, forståelser og beskrivelser som til enhver tid benyttes til å definere hva fiskere er i ulike sammenhenger. Undersøkelsen starter i det som kan kalles rekrutteringsdiskursen i fiske, som nettopp handler om hva fiskere er og hvordan de skapes...

  20. Feedback som indgang til læringsprocessen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kirkegaard, Preben Olund

    2017-01-01

    Feedback har til formål at forbedre dine studerendes færdigheder i et fag. Feedback skal tage udgangspunkt i den studerendes nuværende færdigheder og inkludere anvisninger på, hvordan den studerende fremadrettet kan arbejde for at opfylde et ønsket læringsmål. Måden hvorpå du som underviser...

  1. Applications of Self-Organising Map (SOM) for prioritisation of endemic zones of filariasis in Andhra Pradesh, India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murty, Upadhayula Suryanaryana; Rao, Mutheneni Srinivasa; Sriram, K; Rao, K Madhusudhan

    2011-01-01

    Entomological and epidemiological data of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) was collected from 120 villages of four districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Self-Organising Maps (SOMs), data-mining techniques, was used to classify and prioritise the endemic zones of filariasis. The results show that, SOMs classified all the villages into three major clusters by considering the data of Microfilaria (MF) rate, infection, infectivity rate and Per Man Hour (PMH). By considering the patterns of cluster, appropriate decision can be drawn for each parameter that is responsible for disease transmission of filariasis. Hence, SOM will certainly be a suitable tool for management of filariasis. The detailed application of SOM is discussed in this paper.

  2. Molecular characterization of charcoal to identify adsorbed SOM and assess the effectiveness of common SOM-removing pretreatments prior to radiocarbon dating

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wagner, T.V.; Mouter, A.K.; Parsons, J.R.; Sevink, J.; van der Plicht, J.; Jansen, B.

    A significant part of our knowledge on Holocene landscape development and associated human history in northwestern Europe is based on radiocarbon dating of charcoal originating from podzols. However, these soils are characterized by leaching of soil organic matter (SOM) that may adsorb to older

  3. Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics determined by stable isotope techniques

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gerzabek, M. H.

    1998-09-01

    Being aware of limitations and possible bias the 13 C natural abundance technique using the different 13 C enrichments in plants with differing photosynthetic pathways in a powerful tool to quantify turnover processes, both in long-term field studies and short-term laboratory experiments. Special care is needed in choosing reference plots and the proper number of replicate samples. The combination of 13 C and 14 C measurements has a high potential for a further improvement of isotope techniques in SOM studies. Natural abundance of 15 N is less powerful with respect to quantification of SOM processes than the isotope dilution technique. However its usefulness could be distinctly improved by introducing other stable isotopes into the studies.(author)

  4. Surhetsvariasjoner som følge av nedtapping av et regulert vann.

    OpenAIRE

    Selmer-Olsen, A. R.

    1981-01-01

    Det har vært utført analyser og lagringsforsøk med prøver av tørrlagt bunnmateriale fra Trevatn tatt våren 1976. Prøver tatt ute i terrenget om høsten etter en lang tørr sommer viste stort sett samme bilde som prøvene fra våren etter lagring i laboratoriet under aerobe betingelser. Tabell 2 viser hvordan pH og SO4-S varierer med Iagringsbetingelsene. Oksydasjonsprosessene som slikt materiale blir utsatt for ved lufttilgang over et lengre tidsrom kan resultere i utvasking av meget sure forbind...

  5. Changes in SOM composition and stability to microbial degradation over time in response to wood chip ash fertilisation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Mette; Saarsalmi, Anna; Peltre, Clement

    2016-01-01

    spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) analysis of bulk soil samples. Ash fertilisation of forest soils affected SOM composition in the O-horizon, but not in the top 5 cm of the mineral soil. The pH and biodegradability of SOM were increased in the O-horizon. The changes in SOM composition consisted of enrichment of Fe...... in Denmark, where ash had been spread at different times. Changes in SOM biodegradability were estimated based on an incubation experiment, expressed as percentage of initial carbon. Changes in SOM composition were characterised using thermal analysis and Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic......- and Al-oxides/hydroxides, depletion of carboxylic and aromatic groups and lower thermal stability in soils with older and greater ash application. Ash fertilisation increased soil pH, either right after ash application or through a buffering effect of the ash on acidification caused by decomposing...

  6. [SOMS-2: translation into portuguese of the screening for Somatoform Disorders].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fabião, Cristina; Costa E Silva, Carolina; Fleming, Manuela; Barbosa, António

    2008-01-01

    The diagnosis of Somatization Disorder (SD) requires the presence of somatic medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) which must be assessed so that organic diseases may be excluded. SOMS-2 is a self-report measure for SD that assesses medically unexplained symptoms by requiring participants to answer affirmatively and qualify any of the complaints as MUS, only if they have obtained from his doctor the opinion that the said complaint is not due to an organic disease. According to the authors, original SOMS-2 has a good internal consistency with Cronbach's a = .87 and a good correlation between selfratings and interview (r = .75). After obtaining the author's permission, translation from and into English has been made by experienced translators. The resulting questionnaire has been used on a small group of patients. Afterwards the items in which there were difficulties in understanding during the pretest were identified and experienced practitioners were asked for suggestions. The resulting version was answered by 123 primary health care patients (sample I). After some modifications of the SOMS-2, another group of 190 primary health care patients answered the questionnaire (sample II). Most patients, in the first sample, found it difficult to understand that, in order to answer affirmatively it was necessary to answer three questions: 1) is the symptom present? 2) has your doctor found no clear causes for the symptom? 3) does the symptom affect your well-being? The difficulties in understanding items 21 and 45 (pre-test) were confirmed. Items 11, 28 and 38 were more easily understood when worded differently. In sample I, less than 5% of positive answers were given to items 20, 21, 23, 40, 43, 45, and 51. Probably because of the low education level of the Portuguese population which this sample reflects, difficulties in carrying out the instructions given at the beginning made it advisable to modify the SOMS-2, so that the three implicit questions in each question of the

  7. Ulikhet som impuls for nye oppdagelser i dans: Å tøye både muskler og meninger gjennom mangfold i Danselaboratoriet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tone Pernille Østern

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available I denne artikkelen har forfatterne fokus på hvordan ulikhet mellom mennesker kan fungere som en impuls som bidrar til meningsskaping, nye oppdagelser og transformasjon i improvisasjon i dans. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i Østerns avhandling ”Meaning-making in the Dance Laboratory. Exploring dance improvisation with differently bodied dancers” (2009. I artikkelen vever forfatterne sammen sine ulike stemmer. Tone Pernille Østerns perspektiv er som initiativtaker og tidligere koreograf-dansepedagog i Danselaboratoriet, mens Elen Øyens perspektiv er som danser i den samme gruppen. Øyen er danser og rullestolbruker. Hovedkonklusjonen i artikkelen er at gjennom å forstå ulikhet som en verdi og impuls til å møtes og skape i improvisasjon i dans, så kan deltakerne i gruppen gjennomgå kraftfulle transformative endringsprosesser når det gjelder synet på ”den andre”. Dette har en betydning som går langt ut over det konkrete, kunstneriske undervisningsrommet. ”Den andre” forstås i artikkelen som en konstruksjon som både muliggjør adskillelse og utestenging fra et fellesskap, men også som en mulighet til å forstå at ”den andre” ikke nødvendigvis er, eller skal være, som meg.

  8. SOM storage and pool distribution in forest soils along climatic and altitudinal gradients across Switzerland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gosheva, Sia; Müller, Mirjam; Walthert, Lorenz; Zimmermann, Stephan; Niklaus, Pascal A.; González Domínguez, Beatriz R.; Abiven, Samuel; Hagedorn, Frank

    2016-04-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a key role for a number of soil and ecosystem functions. Yet our quantitative understanding of the main driving factors is uncertain. SOM consists of a continuum of compounds ranging from slightly altered plant residues, known as particulate OM (POM) to mineral-associated OM (mOM). POM is the most rapidly cycling and hence vulnerable fraction of SOM. Therefore, it might respond particularly sensitive to climate change. In grassland soils, SOM content as well as the contribution of POM was found to increase with increasing elevation, which suggests that climate exerts a major control on SOM stability and storage. Little is known, however, for forest soils where a substantial fraction of POM is stored in the organic layer. In our study based on 1000 soil profiles, we explore the controlling factors of SOM stocks and the distribution of POM in the organic layer as well as within mineral soils in forests across Switzerland. We hypothesize that (i) elevation and hence climate have rather negligible effects on carbon (C) stocks, but exert large effects on SOM quality (contribution of POM, SOM depth distribution, and C/N ratio); (ii) furthermore, we postulate to find an elevational effect on C stocks in the organic layer but not in the mineral soil. We examined SOM stocks in the organic layer and the mineral soil of 1000 soil profiles. Mineral soils (0-20cm) from a subset of 54 sites were separated into free light fraction and occluded light fraction, representing POM, while fine heavy fraction and coarse heavy fraction represented the mineral-associated OM. The sites, all located in Swiss forests, were distributed along a great elevational gradient ranging between 277 and 2207 m a.s.l., and spanning a gradient in mean annual temperatures (MAT) from 0.6 to 11.9 °C, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 704 to 2340 mm. Our results indicate that POM and C/N ratio are more closely related to elevation and climate compared to mOM. For C

  9. Rushdie som symbol på blasfemi mod islam

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Brian Arly

    2012-01-01

    Vil man forstå dødsdommen over Rushdie, skal man forstå billederne om Iran, der er konstrueret af Rushdie i De Sataniske Vers. Det handler om Rushdies brug af forskellige narrativer, eksempelvis brugen af begrebet 'Jahilia', som er velkendt af alle muslimer, der anvendes til at karakterisere Mekk...

  10. Sansning som redskab og metode for faget Modedesign

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ræbild, Ulla

    2009-01-01

      Abstract / dansk Intentionen i denne afhandling er at undersøge, hvornår og hvordan designere anvender sansemæssig viden og kompetence i deres arbejdsproces, for igennem denne afdækning at kunne foretage en eksplicitering og artikulation af sansning som redskab og metode i designprocessen. Afha...

  11. Socialpædagogik iagttaget som et socialt praksisfelt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Janne Hedegaard

    2013-01-01

    Ved at iagttage socialpædagogers situerede handlinger i praksis er det muligt at opnå viden om de forståelser, socialpædagoger handler på grundlag af, og som sætter betingelser for brugernes handle- og livsmuligheder. Men brugerne er ikke blot underlagt socialpædagogers betydningskonstruktioner...

  12. Pave Benedikt XVI som social kritiker og moderniseringsteoretiker

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thomassen, Bjørn

    2013-01-01

    former for kritik af det moderne projekt, en kritik som deler mange lighedspunkter med Frankfurterskolen. Disse ligheder kom blandt andet til syne i Kardinal Ratzingers berømte debat med Habermas, men ligeledes i nogle af hans seneste skrifter, især hans meget omtalte tredje encyklik, Caritas in Veritate...

  13. 40 år gamle kvinner som bruker hormonregimer – sunne utvalg eller risikogrupper?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sidsel Graff-Iversen

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGFormålet med denne artikkelen var å studere brukerne av kombinerte antikonsepsjonsmidler, regimer med progesteronalene og østrogensubstitusjon blant norske 40-åringer. Var det først og fremst lavrisikogrupper – friske ogrøykfrie kvinner – som brukte p-piller av kombinasjonstype, slik gjeldende anbefalinger råder til? Var progesteronbrukerneet utvalg av særlig helsebevisste kvinner? Hvor utbredt var bruken av østrogen i denne aldersgruppen?Var det tegn til at østrogenbrukerne er en “healthy selection”, slik utenlandske studier har vist?Materialet er fra 40-åringsundersøkelser i 11 norske fylker i tiden 1997-99. Resultatene viser at 3,5% avkvinnene brukte kombinerte antikonseptiva og at disse utgjorde et “sunt utvalg” med lave andeler røykere og godhelse. De 9,4% av kvinnene som brukte progesteron alene, skilte seg derimot lite fra premenopausale kvinner utenhormonbruk. De 2,4% av kvinnene som brukte østrogen, hadde mindre god helse, høyere andel røykere og lavereutdanningsnivå, sammenlignet med premenopausale kvinner. Men sammenligning innen gruppen av post- og perimenopausalekvinner viste ingen vesentlig forskjell mellom østrogenbrukerne og andre. Resultatet fra den førstekontrollerte studien av østrogen og hjertesykdom kom i 1998, men førte ikke til noen påviselig forskjell i seleksjonentil østrogenbruk fra 1997 til 1999.Konklusjonen er at kvinnene som brukte kombinerte antikonseptiva i 40-årsalderen var en “sunn seleksjon” itråd med det som blir anbefalt, mens de som brukte progesteron alene skilte seg lite ut fra kvinner som ikke bruktehormoner. Kvinner som brukte østrogen i denne unge alderen, sto fram som en helsemessig risikogruppe imaterialet som helhet, men skilte seg lite ut fra andre antatt post- eller perimenopausale kvinner i 40-årsalderen.Graff-Iversen, S. 40-year old female sex hormone users: healthy selections or risk groups? Results fromhealth surveys in 11 Norwegian

  14. Musik som værk og handling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vandsø, Anette

    Denne bog handler om den nye musik som både har værkkarakter men også en udpræget handlingskarakter. Her sys på symaskiner og smadres violiner, men hvad gør det ved værkkarakteren? ved værkanalysen ? og ved 'musikken'? På baggrund af disse spørgsmål tilbyder bogen en grundlagsteoretisk gentænkning...

  15. Studiemiljøundersøgelse som empowerment

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Keller, Hanne Dauer; Jensen, Annie Aarup

    2012-01-01

    Artiklen fokuserer på det metodemæssige i at arbejde med studiemiljø og studiemiljøundersøgelser i en kvalitativ, procesorienteret form, der står i kontrast til de traditionelle kvantitative metoder. En alternativ organisering med de studerende som ansvarlige aktører gav andre, mere nuancerede da...... datatyper og aktiverede de studerende i forhold til at påvirke eget studiemiljø....

  16. Data splitting for artificial neural networks using SOM-based stratified sampling.

    Science.gov (United States)

    May, R J; Maier, H R; Dandy, G C

    2010-03-01

    Data splitting is an important consideration during artificial neural network (ANN) development where hold-out cross-validation is commonly employed to ensure generalization. Even for a moderate sample size, the sampling methodology used for data splitting can have a significant effect on the quality of the subsets used for training, testing and validating an ANN. Poor data splitting can result in inaccurate and highly variable model performance; however, the choice of sampling methodology is rarely given due consideration by ANN modellers. Increased confidence in the sampling is of paramount importance, since the hold-out sampling is generally performed only once during ANN development. This paper considers the variability in the quality of subsets that are obtained using different data splitting approaches. A novel approach to stratified sampling, based on Neyman sampling of the self-organizing map (SOM), is developed, with several guidelines identified for setting the SOM size and sample allocation in order to minimize the bias and variance in the datasets. Using an example ANN function approximation task, the SOM-based approach is evaluated in comparison to random sampling, DUPLEX, systematic stratified sampling, and trial-and-error sampling to minimize the statistical differences between data sets. Of these approaches, DUPLEX is found to provide benchmark performance with good model performance, with no variability. The results show that the SOM-based approach also reliably generates high-quality samples and can therefore be used with greater confidence than other approaches, especially in the case of non-uniform datasets, with the benefit of scalability to perform data splitting on large datasets. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Faktorer som påverkar barndödligheten i Etiopien

    OpenAIRE

    Östman, Hanna

    2014-01-01

    Temat för detta examensarbete är barndödlighet i Etiopien. Syftet är att undersöka den höga småbarnsdödligheten, orsakad av diarré och malaria. Detta är ett beställningsarbete för organisationen PADet, som har ett samarbete med yrkeshögskolan Arcada. Med småbarn menas i denna studie, barn under fem år. Frågeställningarna för arbetet är, Vilka är de främsta orsakerna som påverkar småbarnsdödligheten vid diarré och malaria? Och Vad görs idag för att minska på småbarnsdödligheten vid diarré och ...

  18. Specialet som glasloft – hvorfor får mandlige studerende bedre specialekarakterer?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vibeke Lehmann Nielsen

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Selvom de mandlige universitetsstuderende ikke klarer sig bedre end kvinderne frem til specialet, får de gennemsnitligt bedre specialekarakterer. Artiklens analyser viser, at det hverken handler om specialevejlederens køn eller om typen af universitetsstudium. Mulige forklaringer, som det er værd for kommende forskning at forfølge, er dels generel diskrimination af kvindelige specialestuderende og dels de studerendes møde med specialet, hvor kønnenes livssituation og/eller deres reaktioner på rollen som specialestuderende kan være forskellige.

  19. Studerendes caseundersøgelser som omdrejningspunkt for forskningsbaseret holdundervisning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nina Bonderup Dohn

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Artiklen indledes med en diskussion af, hvori forskningsbaseret undervisning (FU består. Vi bestemmer FU som undervisning, hvor studerende involveres som aktive deltagere i processen med at producere ny viden ved brug af forskningsmetode. Vores overordnede forskningsspørgsmål lyder: Hvilke muligheder giver et didaktisk design baseret på, at de studerende inddrages som bidragydere til forskningsprocessen, for at realisere de forskellige begrundelser for forskningsbaseret undervisning? Hvilke problemstillinger viser der sig i forsøget herpå? Spørgsmålet undersøges med fokus på læringsteoretiske begrundelser og filosofiske begrundelser for FU. Vi rapporterer resultater fra et følgeforskningsprojekt i et undervisningsforløb, designet ud fra vores bestemmelse af FU. I diskussionen argumenterer vi for, at de læringsteoretiske begrundelser har rimelige muligheder for at realiseres med det didaktiske design, mens de filosofiske begrundelser kræver mere understøttelse. Resultaterne peger på en række problemstillinger og barrierer for realiseringen af FU (i en bestemmelse som vores og af begrundelserne for FU. Blandt disse er, at det didaktiske design indebærer en uvant arbejds- og studieform for de studerende, at der kan være en spænding mellem studieordningens faglige mål og FU (i en bestemmelse som vores, og at studerendes instrumentalistiske, erhvervsrettede mål kan være en barriere for realisering af de filosofiske begrundelser for FU. The article starts with a short discussion of different views on research-based teaching (RT. We characterize RT as teaching where students are involved as active participants in the process of producing new knowledge through the use of research methods. Our overall research question is: What possibilities does a pedagogical design based on involving students as contributors to the research process offer for realizing the different reasons for RT? What problems can arise? The research question

  20. Digital portfolio som metode og pædagogik

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Toft, Hanne; Luplau Schnefeld, Mette

    2004-01-01

    Artiklen præsenterer erfaringer med digital portfolio som didaktik og metode. Fokus er på kobling mellem didaktiske læreprocesser på en grunduddannelse og så understøttelse af disse via brug af en digital portfolio. Portfolioen adskiller en række forskellige dokumentsamlinger i privat og offentlig...

  1. Som i et spejl - Hans Egede-receptionen gennem tre hundrede år

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kjærgaard, Kathrine

    2008-01-01

    stor, og længe ville man ikke vide af Hans Egede, der - skønt født i Norge - opfattedes som dansk. Først efter 1945, hvor Norge i kølvandet på Danskehjælpen under Anden Verdenskrig omsider forsonede sig med Danmark, tog man atter Hans Egede til sig. Blandt større mindesmærker, som er blevet til siden...... 1945, kan nævnes Nicolai Schiølls ungdommelige statue af grønlandsmissionæren i det centrale Oslo (1965) og Axel Revolds monumentale udskmykning af kirken i Hans Egedes nordnorske fødeby Harstad (1958). I Danmark, hvor sorgen over tabet af Norge var stor, var man i årene efter 1814 meget...... tilbageholdende med at omklamre tidligere norske landsmænd som Hans Egede. Først hen mod slutningen af 1800-tallet begyndte forbeholdene at smelte et efter et. Den definitive omdefinering af den dansk-norske 1700-tals patriot til national dansk kirkefyrste kom med opstillingen 1913 af hans statue ved Marmorkirken...

  2. Den Pædagogiske Refleksionsmodel som sammenhængskraft

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Voergaard Poulsen, Bettina; Lucht, Camill; Vibholm Persson, Stine

    Den Pædagogiske Refleksions Model (PRM) illustrerer de vidensdimensioner, der indgår i en kvalificeret klinisk beslutning. I projektet 'Sammenhæng på TVÆRS i fremtidens sygeplejeuddannelse (PÅ TVÆRS)" indgår PRM som pædagogisk greb. Der undersøges om PRM skaber sammenhæng for studerendes læring i...

  3. Sociale teknologier og web 2.0 som vidensmedier

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johannsen, Carl Gustav

    2011-01-01

    Artiklen fokuserer på effekten af brugen af sociale teknologier i folkebibliotekerne med fokus på i hvilken udstrækning de sociale teknologier lader sig forstå og analysere som vidensmedier, kommunikationsmønstre ved brug af sociale medier, de sociale mediers virkninger i undervisningssammenhænge...... og endelig de kulturpolitiske konsekvenser af bibliotekernes inddragelse af sociale teknologier....

  4. Lyd som kommunikation. En tværfaglig forskningsoversigt og en dagsorden for medieforskningen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Klaus Bruhn Jensen

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Lyden har ikke noget videnskabeligt hjem – i modsætning til f.eks. faste og levende billeder, der traditionelt er blevet studeret af henholdsvis kunsthistorien og filmvidenskaben. Denne artikel giver en oversigt over de mange, meget forskellige slags forskning om lyd. Formålet er at stimulere og kvalificere mere medieforskning om lyd. Hovedvægten ligger på lyd som kommunikation i og omkring medierne – som en kilde til mening og en ressource i social og kulturel handling, snarere end på lyd i et teknisk eller akustisk perspektiv (se f.eks. Plomp, 2002. Første del af artiklen gennemgår forskellige humanistiske og samfundsvidenskabelige tilgange til lydens tre grundformer – tale, musik og soundscapes eller lydmiljøer. Det midterste afsnit diskuterer den tidligere forsknings relevans for forskellige slags medier; artiklen skelner her mellem tre grader af medier. Og artiklens sidste del samler de tværfaglige indsigter i en dagsorden for (meget mere medieforskning om lyd som kommunikation.

  5. Lyd som kommunikation. En tværfaglig forskningsoversigt og en dagsorden for medieforskningen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Klaus Bruhn Jensen

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available Lyden har ikke noget videnskabeligt hjem – i modsætning til f.eks. faste og levende billeder, der traditionelt er blevet studeret af henholdsvis kunsthistorien og filmvidenskaben. Denne artikel giver en oversigt over de mange, meget forskellige slags forskning om lyd. Formålet er at stimulere og kvalificere mere medieforskning om lyd. Hovedvægten ligger på lyd som kommunikation i og omkring medierne – som en kilde til mening og en ressource i social og kulturel handling, snarere end på lyd i et teknisk eller akustisk perspektiv (se f.eks. Plomp, 2002. Første del af artiklen gennemgår forskellige humanistiske og samfundsvidenskabelige tilgange til lydens tre grundformer – tale, musik og soundscapes eller lydmiljøer. Det midterste afsnit diskuterer den tidligere forsknings relevans for forskellige slags medier; artiklen skelner her mellem tre grader af medier. Og artiklens sidste del samler de tværfaglige indsigter i en dagsorden for (meget mere medieforskning om lyd som kommunikation.

  6. Infiltrationsanæstesi som postoperativ smertebehandling ved hoftenær femurfraktur - et igangværende studie

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bech, Rune Dueholm

    2008-01-01

    pertrochantær femurfraktur og collum femoris fraktur inkluderes. 50 patienter indgår i hver af de to diagnose-grupper (to delstudier). Ved randomisering tildeles patienterne hhv. Ropivacain eller placebo (NaCl), der gives som 1 peroperativ og 6 postoperative bolusinstillationer via et kateter, som fjernes efter...

  7. Adversary phase change detection using S.O.M. and text data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Speed, Ann Elizabeth; Doser, Adele Beatrice; Warrender, Christina E.

    2010-01-01

    In this work, we developed a self-organizing map (SOM) technique for using web-based text analysis to forecast when a group is undergoing a phase change. By 'phase change', we mean that an organization has fundamentally shifted attitudes or behaviors. For instance, when ice melts into water, the characteristics of the substance change. A formerly peaceful group may suddenly adopt violence, or a violent organization may unexpectedly agree to a ceasefire. SOM techniques were used to analyze text obtained from organization postings on the world-wide web. Results suggest it may be possible to forecast phase changes, and determine if an example of writing can be attributed to a group of interest.

  8. Arbejdspladsen som læringsmiljø

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Vibeke; Hoyrup Pedersen, Steen

    Læring på arbejdspladsen er kommet i fokus både nationalt og internationalt som et stadigt vigtigere svar på videnssamfundets hurtigt eskalerende behov for kompetenceudvikling. Selvfølgelig kan arbejdspladslæring ikke erstatte de formaliserede erhvervs- og efteruddannelser, men arbejdspladsen er...... Workplace Learning. Konsortiet gennemfører i perioden 2001-2004 et større forskningsprogram, der udforsker læreprocesser i arbejdslivet og i samspillet mellem arbejdspladser og det formelle uddannelsessystem. Forskningsprogrammet er finansieret af Undervisningsministeriet og fokuserer primært på de...

  9. Rommet som den tredje pedagog - En studie av pedagogers forståelse av rommets betydning - med fokus på estetisk virksomhet

    OpenAIRE

    Krokstad, Inger Elisabeth

    2014-01-01

    Masteroppgaven «Rommet som den tredje pedagog i tre Reggio Emilia-inspirerte barnehager. En studie av pedagogers forståelse av rommets betydning –med fokus på estetisk virksomhet» har til hensikt å bidra til økt kunnskap om estetisk virksomhet som er forbundet med Reggio Emilias tanke om rommet som den tredje pedagog. Avhandlingens problemstilling er: Hvilke mønster kan identifiseres i barnehagepedagogens forståelse av rommet som den tredje pedagog-med fokus på estetisk virksomhet? ...

  10. Som Energia: sostenibilitat energètica i cooperativisme

    OpenAIRE

    Duran i Grant, Alexandre; Huijink, Gijsbert; Roselló, Marc

    2013-01-01

    La cooperativa Som Energia és una organització innovadora en el sector energètic a casa nostra. Proposa una forma de fer diferent de la de les empreses tradicionals del sector: ven energia renovable certificada, no té ànim de lucre i busca el bé comú. La proposta treballa per la sostenibilitat energètica.

  11. Bysykler : perspektiver på bysykkelordninger som en del av en bærekraftig bytransport og urban identitet

    OpenAIRE

    Langfeldt, Tuva

    2011-01-01

    SAMMENDRAG - Byutviklingen er de senere årene preget av grønne visjoner og planlegging for levende og bærekraftige byer. Et viktig ledd i denne utviklingen er menneskelig bevegelse og mobilitet, og det ses flere og flere steder med nye øyne på hvordan mobiliteten i byen kan og bør være. Fokus på sykkel som framkomstmiddel har blitt stadig mer populært, i Europa som USA, og som et resultat av behov for en mer syklende og mindre bilkjørende befolkning er det dukket opp bysykkelordninger i bå...

  12. Content Management som platform og pædagogisk strategi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Petersen, Kim Bach; Rasmussen, Steen Cnops

    2005-01-01

    Med afsæt i konkrete erfaringer på pædagoguddannelsen argumenteres der for, at implementeringen af it-systemer og udviklingen af de ansattes it-kompetencer bør tage afsæt i en pædagogisk tænkning, som prioriterer enkelthed og brugervenlighed højt....

  13. DUT som didaktisk felt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Qvortrup, Ane; Keiding, Tina B.

    2015-01-01

    undervisningsformer. [Abstract in English] The paper presents a systematic categorization of 115 papers published in the Danish Journal for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. (DUT) from 2006 to 2013. The aim is to explore which didactic topics the journal deals with and how it contributes to the Danish...... the scholarship of teaching and learning. The categorization shows that most of the contributions deal with teaching methods. A subsequent analysis shows that the contributions almost exclusively deal with active and social teaching methods (teaching as experience and teaching as interaction)......(In Danish and English) Artiklen foretager en systematisk kategorisering og analyse af de bidrag, som har været bragt i Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift (DUT) fra 2006-2013. Formålet er at undersøge, hvilke didaktiske temaer tidskriftet har været optaget af og at diskutere mulige...

  14. Importancia del conteo de células somáticas en la calidad de la leche

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Reyes, Juan Manuel; Bedolla Cedeño, José Luís Carlos

    2008-01-01

    Este trabajo es una revisión sobre la importancia de las células somáticas en la calidad de la leche. Las células somáticas son, entre otras, células blancas propias del organismo que le sirven como defensa a la glándula mamaria de la vaca contra organismos patógenos. La determinación del contenido de células somáticas de la leche del tanque, o de los cuartos de la glándula mamaria de las vacas, es el medio auxiliar de diagnóstico más importante para juzgar el estado de salud de la ubre de un...

  15. Soil Response to Natural Vegetation Dynamics During the Late Holocene in Minnesota, USA, and Implications for SOM Accumulation and Loss

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mason, J. A.; Kasmerchak, C. S.; Keita, H.; Gruley, K. E.

    2016-12-01

    We studied soil response to late Holocene shifts in the dynamic boundary between forest and grassland, in two contrasting landscapes of Minnesota, USA. On both the glaciated landscape of northwestern Minnesota and steep bedrock slopes of southeastern Minnesota, forest has replaced grassland in the late Holocene (after 4 ka in the NW, during at least the last few 100 yr in the SE). Two distinct soil morphologies coexist in essentially the same climate and parent materials, Mollisols with deep SOM accumulation under grassland and Alfisols with most SOM in thin A horizons under forest. Organic carbon stocks of the Mollisols we sampled (to 1 m depth) are at least 50% greater than those of the Alfisols; thus, replacement of grassland by forest involves substantial SOM loss. Ultimately, the transition from Alfisols to Mollisols can probably be explained by much lower proportions of belowground SOM addition, and possibly less bioturbation, under forest; however, the timescale of this change is of great interest. Mollisols and transitional soils occur under forest today near the 19th century location of the vegetation boundary in NW Minnesota, and in certain slope positions in SE Minnesota. Stable C isotope profiles within those soils record the transition from C4 or mixed C3/C4 vegetation (tallgrass prairie or savanna) to C3 forest vegetation. Combined with 14C dating these data demonstrate a substantial lag in loss of the Mollisol morphology—thick SOM-rich A horizons with highly stable aggregates—after forest occupation. In fact, these thick A horizons may persist even when C4 grass-derived SOM has largely been replaced by SOM added after forest occupation. We are exploring possible explanations for this persistence in NW Minnesota. In SE Minnesota, it is likely related to parent material rich in dolomite fragments, with stable aggregation and SOM accumulation favored by abundant Ca2+and Mg2+. This parent material effect results in localization of high SOM

  16. Reklamen som pastiche. Om Dansk Sygeplejeråds annoncekampagne efteråret 1986

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gunhild Agger

    1989-08-01

    Full Text Available Der er flere og flere medieproducenter, der anser modtagerne for at besidde en vis tekstuel intelligens. Fra detektivpasticher som Dick Spanner og Batman over den konstant genreparodierende "Moon- lighting" (De heldige helte til Poul og Nulles respektløse faktion "I sandhedens Tjeneste" leges der med betydningsdannelsen. Seerne/læserne indbydes til selv at spille ping-pong med billeder og tekst. Gunhild Agger analyserer her denne tendens, sådan som den kom- mer til udtryk inden for reklamen: Anker Jørgensen som James Bond, og kondomer til Prinsessen på Ærten! Mest indgående beskæftiger hun sig med Dansk Sygeplejeråds brug af myten om sygeplejersken i en annoncekampagne op mod overenskomstforhandlingerne i 1987. Gunhild Agger nøjes ikke med en indholdsanalyse af annoncerne, men beskriver hele kampagnen: Dansk Sygeplejeråds hensigter med frem- stødet, kampagnens lancering over for den tre-dobbelte målgruppe, læsernes formodede reception, og kampagnens politiske og holdnings- mæssige effekter.

  17. Programproduktion som Kritisk Teori – eller tv-teksten som industriel iscenesættelse

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John Caldwell

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Denne artikel peger på nødvendigheden af en revurdering af den tre-delte model, som Fiske og Gripsrud har fremført, ved at vise, hvorledes ‘sekundære’ og ‘tertiære’ tv-tekster uafladeligt bevæger sig eller rejser hen imod en ‘primær’ tekstuel status i det amerikan- ske multikanals-»flow«. En detaljeret gennemgang af industriens tekstuelle praksis – programbegivenheder, network-branding, ka- nallogoer, filmene bag filmen, pressemateriale på video, salgsma- teriale og tilgrænsende digitale medier – viser hvorledes industrien teoretiserer sine egne vilkår direkte på skærmen, og dermed også hvordan publikum vejledes igennem en sådan offentlig cirkulation af »inside«-viden om tv-systemet. Artiklen er oversat af Henrik Bødker.

  18. Fjernsynet som shaman: Om store mediebegivenheders transformative virkninger

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Dayan

    1988-08-01

    Full Text Available Den direkte transmission af levende begivenheder har altid været TV- mediets særlige styrke, hvad enten det drejer sig om fodboldkampe, Lørdagskanalen eller kongebrylluper. Medieforskerne har da også interesseret sig for fjernsynets formidling af sportsbegivenheder og der er blevet lavet analyser af Kanaludsendelserne. Men hverken i Danmark eller andre steder har forskerne fundet det interessant at undersøge de store, ceremonielle mediebegivenheder. Det er Dayan & Katz´ projekt at udfylde dette tomrum i medie- og kul- turforskningen: Hvad er det, der fascinerer millioner ved disse TV- ceremonier, der ofte ikke blot henvender sig til et enkelt lands seere, men transmitteres til og ses af store dele af verden? Hvordan fungere disse begivenheder - hvad enten det drejer sig om Præsident Kennedys begravelse, Sadats besøg i Jerusalem, Månelandingen eller Watergate- høringerne - ideologisk, og hvilke interesser tjener de dermed i den politiske offentlighed? I denne artikel, der er et bearbejdet uddrag af den bog, projektet skal munde ud i, beskæftiger Dayan & Katz sig især med det de kalder "transformative" mediebegivenheder, dvs. TV-ceremonier der markerer, at et samfund står ved en tærskel mellem den herskende orden og en ny mulig orden, og som selv er et aktivt og aktiverende bidrag til forvand- lingen af kulturelle opfattelser og værdier. Artiklens perpektiv er udpræget tværvidenskabeligt, idet der trækkes på såvel kulturantropologiske (Levi-Strauss, Geertz, Turner som filosofiske (Bakhtin, Baudrillard, sprogteoretiske (Austin og traditionelt samfunds- videnskabelige/mediesociologiske (Boorstin arbejder. I artiklens første halvdel foretages der en afgrænsning af transformative over for andre ceremonielle begivenheder. I anden halvdel gennemgås de fem faser, som udgør transformative begivenheders typiske struktur. Artiklen er bearbejdet af Jørgen Bang og Kim Schrøder. Den er oversat af Kim Schrøder.

  19. Distinct roles of SOM and VIP interneurons during cortical Up states

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Garrett T. Neske

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available During cortical network activity, recurrent synaptic excitation among pyramidal neurons is approximately balanced by synaptic inhibition, which is provided by a vast diversity of inhibitory interneurons. The relative contributions of different interneuron subtypes to inhibitory tone during cortical network activity is not well understood. We previously showed that many of the major interneuron subtypes in mouse barrel cortex are highly active during Up states (Neske et al., 2015; while fast-spiking (FS, parvalbumin (PV-positive cells were the most active interneuron subtype, many non-fast-spiking (NFS, PV-negative interneurons were as active or more active than neighboring pyramidal cells. This suggests that the NFS cells could play a role in maintaining or modulating Up states. Here, using optogenetic techniques, we further dissected the functional roles during Up states of two major NFS, PV-negative interneuron subtypes: somatostatin (SOM-positive cells and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-positive cells. We found that while pyramidal cell excitability during Up states significantly increased when SOM cells were optogenetically silenced, VIP cells did not influence pyramidal cell excitability either upon optogenetic silencing or activation. VIP cells failed to contribute to Up states despite their ability to inhibit SOM cells strongly. We suggest that the contribution of VIP cells to the excitability of pyramidal cells may vary with cortical state.

  20. Sporløs – Om biologi, identitet og slægten som fjernsyn [Find My Family - On biology, identity and kinship on television] Sporløs – Om biologi, identitet og slægten som fjernsyn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Birgitta Frello

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available During recent years, the Danish public service television station (DR has launched several documentary serials that focus on kinship and genealogy. Genealogy makes ‘good TV’ because it enables an immediate identification with the protagonist of the programme. Furthermore, the protagonist’s personal story can function as a vehicle for telling other stories. However, the way kinship is depicted in the serials presupposes that a person’s knowledge about her biological kin equals knowledge about her personal identity. The article analyses the serial Find my Family (Danish: Sporløs, discussing the naturalisation of biological kin and the possible consequences of the conceptualisation of kinship that is taken for granted in the serial.DR har i de senere år lanceret flere programserier, som har slægt og slægtsforskning som fokus. Slægtsprogrammer er ’godt fjernsyn’ i den forstand, at de giver mulighed for en umiddelbar identifikation med hovedpersonen, samtidig med at dennes historie kan bruges som løftestang for andre historier. Imidlertid anlægger programmerne en vinkel på slægten, som forudsætter, at et øget kendskab til den biologiske slægt automatisk medfører et øget kendskab til den personlige identitet. Denne selvfølgeliggørelse af den biologiske slægts betydning problematiseres i artiklen, og med udgangspunkt i Sporløs diskuteres mulige implikationer og konsekvenser af den forståelse af slægten, som programmerne tager udgangspunkt i og tager for givet.

  1. Livsstil som tv-underholdning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christa Lykke Christensen

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Livsstilsprogrammer har siden slutningen af 1990’erne domineret programfladen i den tidlige prime time på de danske public service-kanaler DR og TV 2. Dermed er emner, som figurerer i bl.a. magasiner og ugeblade, massivt rykket ind på tv’s sendeflade. Bolig, have, mad, ferie, krop og sundhed er indholdet i programmer, der både vil informere, give gode råd og underholde seerne. Artiklen fokuserer på underholdningsdimensionen i tre kategorier af livsstilsprogrammer og undersøger elementer, der kan tænkes at fremme motivationen for at se dem. Her lægges vægten på hhv. vidensperspektivets kompetenceaspekt og livsstilsbegrebets imaginative muligheder i relation til drømmen om ’det gode liv’ og ønsket om den forjættende forandring. Artiklen diskuterer endvidere, hvorledes public service-fjernsynet med disse livsstilsprogrammer har suppleret dets oplysende funktion med en opdaterende funktion, og hvordan dets tidligere kulturelt dannende funktion i kraft af disse programmers karakter af manual kan opfattes som en slags livsstilsguide i forhold til markedets forbrugsmuligheder. Lifestyle as TV entertainment Since the late 1990s lifestyle programmes have dominated early prime time on the Danish public service channels, DR and TV 2. For this reason topics that have traditionally figured in magazines extensively have entered television programming. House, garden, vacation, body, and health form the content of programmes which aim to both inform, advise and entertain viewers. The article primarily focuses on the aspects of entertainment in three main lifestyle categories and is concerned with elements that might promote viewers’ motivation for watching such programmes. Importance is attached to the competence aspect of knowledge and to the imaginative possibilities connected to the idea of lifestyle, related to daydreams, ideas of ‘the good life’, and a desire for promising change. Furthermore, the article discusses how public

  2. Livsstil som tv-underholdning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christa Lykke Christensen

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Livsstilsprogrammer har siden slutningen af 1990’erne domineret programfladen i den tidlige prime time på de danske public service-kanaler DR og TV 2. Dermed er emner, som figurerer i bl.a. magasiner og ugeblade, massivt rykket ind på tv’s sendeflade. Bolig, have, mad, ferie, krop og sundhed er indholdet i programmer, der både vil informere, give gode råd og underholde seerne. Artiklen fokuserer på underholdningsdimensionen i tre kategorier af livsstilsprogrammer og undersøger elementer, der kan tænkes at fremme motivationen for at se dem. Her lægges vægten på hhv. vidensperspektivets kompetenceaspekt og livsstilsbegrebets imaginative muligheder i relation til drømmen om ’det gode liv’ og ønsket om den forjættende forandring. Artiklen diskuterer endvidere, hvorledes public service-fjernsynet med disse livsstilsprogrammer har suppleret dets oplysende funktion med en opdaterende funktion, og hvordan dets tidligere kulturelt dannende funktion i kraft af disse programmers karakter af manual kan opfattes som en slags livsstilsguide i forhold til markedets forbrugsmuligheder. Lifestyle as TV entertainment Since the late 1990s lifestyle programmes have dominated early prime time on the Danish public service channels, DR and TV 2. For this reason topics that have traditionally figured in magazines extensively have entered television programming. House, garden, vacation, body, and health form the content of programmes which aim to both inform, advise and entertain viewers. The article primarily focuses on the aspects of entertainment in three main lifestyle categories and is concerned with elements that might promote viewers’ motivation for watching such programmes. Importance is attached to the competence aspect of knowledge and to the imaginative possibilities connected to the idea of lifestyle, related to daydreams, ideas of ‘the good life’, and a desire for promising change. Furthermore, the article discusses how public

  3. Proactive Review som læringsrum for online-ledere

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kolbæk, Ditte

    2017-01-01

    . Kapitlet undersøger, hvordan online lederen kan lære af erfaringer skabt i hans/hendes online team. Kapitlet tager udgangspunkt i Engeströms virksomhedsteori og Proactive Review som praksisser for, hvordan ledere konkret kan lære sammen med deres team (Kolbæk 2011). Kapitlet udvikler en model for lederens...... læring på basis af ovenstående teorier. Da læring og kommunikation i teamet foregår online, er det nærliggende at benytte netnografi som metodisk tilgang. Kapitlet undersøger online lederens læringsrum i en global IT virksomhed, hvor Proactive Reviews er implementeret i flere end 40 lande......, at medarbejdere og ledere opholder sig i forskellige lande, og at de kun sjældent eller måske aldrig mødes fysisk, men altid samarbejder og kommunikerer online. Kapitlet kalder det online teams og online ledelse. Dette kapitel fokuserer på lederens læring i et læringsrum, hvor ledelse og samarbejde foregår online...

  4. Bærme (DDGS) som proteinfoder til malkekøer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sehested, Jakob; Sørensen, Martin Tang; Weisbjerg, Martin Riis

    2015-01-01

    DDGS er et proteinrigt fodermiddel fra produktionen af bio-etanol baseret på korn og majs, og det forventes på markedet i stigende mængder. Kornbaseret DDGS kan være et godt proteinfoder som uden negativ effekt på mælkeproduktion eller -kvalitet kan indgå med 15 % af rationens tørstof og kan...

  5. How the type of pyrogenic organic matter determines the SOM quality in amended soils

    Science.gov (United States)

    Merino, Agustin; Gartzia-Bengoetxea, Nahia; Morangues, Lur; Arias-Gonzalez, Ander

    2016-04-01

    Charred biomass can be used as an organic amendment and to enhance the C sink capacity of soils. There are two types of by-products containing pyrogenic OM that could be used to improve in agricultural or forestry, biochar and wood ash. Due to their different heating conditions under which it is produced (pyrolysis, combustion and different temperatures, feedstocks,..), the properties of this pyrogenic OM might be highly variable, which could affect the SOM quality and the C sink capacity of the amended soil. The purpose of this study was to assess how SOM quality is influenced by pyrogenic organic matter with different degree of carbonization. Biochar and bottom wood ash were added to two Atlantic forest soils (Pinus radiata, 12 °C, 1200 mm) with different texture, clayey loam and sandy loam. The experiment consisted in a randomized block trials, in which different doses of biochar (0, 3, 9, 18 Mh ha-1) and wood ash (0, 1.5, 4.5, and 9 Mg ha-1) were added. The Biochar applied (pH: 9.8; C: 87 %) was produced by the pyrolysis of Myscanthus sp. at 450°C in a Pyreg® pyrolysis unit. The bottom wood ash (pH: 10.6; C: 30 %) was produced by combustion in a biomass power plant. The aromatization/carbonization was lightly higher in biochar than in wood ash. This latter by-product, in addition to the black carbon, it also contained mineral ash, as well as unburnt or lightly charred plant biomass. The evolution of soil chemical and SOM properties were monitored over three years by solid state Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and 13C CPMAS NMR. These techniques were applied in bulk samples and also in fractions of different densityes. The changes in microbial activity were studied by analysis of microbial biomass C and basal respiration and soil microbial community. Three years after applications the SOM content increased lightly in the treatment receiving the highest doses of biochar and wood ash, specially in the clay loam soil. SOM in the treated soils displayed a

  6. State-of-the-evidence reviews: advantages and challenges of including grey literature.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benzies, Karen M; Premji, Shahirose; Hayden, K Alix; Serrett, Karen

    2006-01-01

    Increasingly, health policy decision-makers and professionals are turning to research-based evidence to support decisions about policy and practice. Systematic reviews are useful for gathering, summarizing, and synthesizing published and unpublished research about clearly defined interventions. State-of-the-evidence reviews are broader than traditional systematic reviews and may include not only published and unpublished research, but also published and unpublished non-research literature. Decisions about whether to include this "grey literature" in a review are challenging and lead to many questions about whether the advantages outweigh the challenges. The primary purpose of this article is to describe what constitutes grey literature, and methods to locate it and assess its quality. The secondary purpose is to discuss the core issues to consider when making decisions to include grey literature in a state-of-the-evidence review. A recent state-of-the-evidence review is used as an exemplar to present advantages and challenges related to including grey literature in a review. Despite the challenges, in the exemplar, inclusion of grey literature was useful to validate the results of a research-based literature search. Decisions about whether to include grey literature in a state-of-the-evidence review are complex. A checklist to assist in decision-making was created as a tool to assist the researcher in determining whether it is advantageous to include grey literature in a review.

  7. Feature combination analysis in smart grid based using SOM for Sudan national grid

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bohari, Z. H.; Yusof, M. A. M.; Jali, M. H.; Sulaima, M. F.; Nasir, M. N. M.

    2015-12-01

    In the investigation of power grid security, the cascading failure in multicontingency situations has been a test because of its topological unpredictability and computational expense. Both system investigations and burden positioning routines have their limits. In this project, in view of sorting toward Self Organizing Maps (SOM), incorporated methodology consolidating spatial feature (distance)-based grouping with electrical attributes (load) to evaluate the vulnerability and cascading impact of various part sets in the force lattice. Utilizing the grouping result from SOM, sets of overwhelming stacked beginning victimized people to perform assault conspires and asses the consequent falling impact of their failures, and this SOM-based approach viably distinguishes the more powerless sets of substations than those from the conventional burden positioning and other bunching strategies. The robustness of power grids is a central topic in the design of the so called "smart grid". In this paper, to analyze the measures of importance of the nodes in a power grid under cascading failure. With these efforts, we can distinguish the most vulnerable nodes and protect them, improving the safety of the power grid. Also we can measure if a structure is proper for power grids.

  8. Specialestuderendes læringsudfordringer i vejledningen - nudging som handlemulighed

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Hanne Nexø; Juul Jensen, Christina

    2015-01-01

    teoretiske afsæt er generiske læringsudfordringer i vejledningsprocesser, hvor læring opstår, når de studerende passerer en læringsudfordring. Vejledere kan bruge forståelsen af læringsudfordringer til at ”nudge”- plante en idé – som en måde at få studerende til at passere læringsudfordringerne....

  9. Pædagogiske læreplaner som redskab til evaluering, læring og kvalitetsudvikling?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Poul Skov Dahl

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Den nyligt afsluttede, landsdækkende evaluering af loven om pædagogiske læreplaner har vist, at pædagogiske læreplaner indtil nu har været en faglig succes i dagtilbuddene. Men den viser også, at evalueringsarbejdet endnu spiller en begrænset rolle i arbejdet. Hvis de pædagogiske læreplaner fremadrettet skal forblive en succes og medvirke til at udvikle den pædagogiske praksis, er evalueringskapacitet et vigtigt omdrejningspunkt. Med systematisk evaluering som en integreret del af arbejdet med de pædagogiske læreplaner har de - som en form for ”systemtænknings-redskab -” potentiale til at være løftestang for organisatorisk læring i dagtilbuddet - den læring, som er en forudsætning for kvalitetsudviklingen af den pædagogiske praksis. Vi sætter i denne artikel fokus på sammenhængen mellem pædagogiske læreplaner, evaluering og organisatorisk læring i dagtilbuddene.

  10. Empowerment som frigørelse?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Pernille Tanggaard

    2010-01-01

    Empowerment er et at tidens modeord, og sættes i forbindelse med vidt forskellige termer eksempelvis personlighedsudvikling, borgerinddragelse og styringsideologi. Begrebet empowerment rummer efterhånden så mange betydninger, at man kan diskuterer selve essensen – i dette kapitel gøres dog et...... forsøg og forskellige dele af begrebet udfoldes. Direkte oversat betyder empowermemt at bemyndige eller sætter i stand til. Empowerment er et ofte anvendt begreb indenfor sundhedsvidenskab og i tilrettelæggelse af sundhedsfremmende initiativer. Begrebet bliver ofte defineret og benyttet forskelligt alt...... efter det bagvedliggende ideologiske perspektiv, og derfor er udgangspunktet i dette kapitel også at illustrerer forskellige ”blikke på empowerment”. Derudover inddrages to eksempler; studier af lokalsamfund og borgerinddragelse og ’den motiverende samtale’ som illustration på, hvilke udfordringer, der...

  11. Med øjeblikket som udgangspunkt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bo, Inger Glavind

    Artiklen er motiveret af, at Meads temporale analyser tilsyneladende ikke har fået den plads og opmærksomhed, de fortjener, og formålet er at argumentere for, at disse er afgørende for forståelsen af helt centrale aspekter i hans tænkning. Meads udgangspunkt for sin analyse af temporalitet er en...... perspektiv på identitet og social interaktion i hans socialpsykologi. Denne artikels formål er således dobbelt og er for det første at præsentere og diskutere Meads temporale perspektiv som en relevant indgang og nøgle til hans socialpsykologi og sideløbende hermed for det andet at argumentere for, at de...... temporale analyser er centrale for at få greb om Meads genialitet....

  12. Det retlige sprog som virkelighedsskabende - graviditetsvært kontra surrogatmoder

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Frank Høgholm

    2018-01-01

    I dag er det undtagelsen, at kvinden, der bærer graviditeten og føder barnet i et surrogati-arrangement, er genetisk relateret til barnet. I artiklen foreslås som en supplerende betegnelse til surrogatmoder derfor betegnelsen: graviditetsvært. Valget af en retlig betegnelse til beskrivelse af fak...

  13. Yrkesforberedelse eller fagopplæring med fagbrev? Med design og håndverk som kontekst

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bjørn Magne Aakre

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Artikkelen drøfter forholdet mellom yrkesforberedelse og fagopplæring med utgangspunkt i den kombinerte studieretningen formgivingsfag som ble innført i Norge i 1994. I 2006 ble den delt i et programfag under studiespesialiserende fag, og et nytt yrkesfaglig program med betegnelse design og håndverk. Hvilke interesser lå til grunn for endringene, hvor dyptgripende ble de og hvilke overveieleser kan en gjøre i ettertid om forholdet mellom yrkesforberedelse og fagopplæring? Artikkelen søker å svare på spørsmålene ut fra relevante dokumenter og to kvantitative undersøkelser med elever og lærere som informanter. Artikkelen konkluderer med at innholdet forble nokså likt, antall elever ble halvert og at frafallet økte. Det konkluderes videre med at mange forhold bidrar til å legitimere et fag og dets innhold som henholdsvis skolefag, vitenskapsfag eller yrkesfag. Legitimeringen preges ofte av motstridende motiver og interesser, og sjelden bare faglige begrunnelser.

  14. Litteraturarbete i ett svenska som andraspråksklassrum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Economou

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available AbstractThis article considers the role of reading fiction in Swedish as a second language instruction. The study examines how a group of advanced second language learners in a Swedish upper secondary school read, interpret and discuss a contemporary Swedish novel, how they interact with the text and with each other in relation to the text. Furthermore, it analyses which forms of reading the students use. It is a qualitative, empirical study based on field studies, transcriptions of tape recorded interaction and of written texts. The results indicate that second language learners in this context have a positive attitude towards reading and discussing what they read using several forms of reading. They often compare the content of the text to their own lives. One conclusion is that literature teaching and literature can be integrated into one Swedish subject in order to create even more meaningful interactions between students from different backgrounds. Another is that literature can be a means of language development as well as personal development.Keywords: Second language learners, literature pedagogy and didactics, forms of reading, democracy. SammandragDenna artikel handlar om skönlitteraturens roll i skolämnet svenska som andraspråk. Studien undersöker hur en grupp avancerade andraspråksinlärare i en svensk gymnasieskola läser, tolkar och diskuterar en modern svensk roman och hur de interagerar med texten och med varandra i relation till texten. Dessutom analyseras vilka läsarter som eleverna använde sig av. Den är en kvalitativ, empirisk studie som baseras på fältstudier, transkriptioner av inspelade boksamtal och elevtexter. Resultaten visar att andraspråkseleverna hade en positiv attityd till boksamtal och de använde sig av flera läsarter. De jämförde ofta texten till sina egna liv och erfarenheter.  En slutsats är att litteraturundervisning och litteraturarbete skulle kunna integreras i ett gemensamt ämne så att

  15. Faktorer som förklarar miljövänligt beteende hos unga vuxna

    OpenAIRE

    Rikner, Amanda

    2009-01-01

    Människors miljörelaterade beteenden behöver förbättras. I studien undersöktes unga vuxna universitetsstuderandes syn på klimatproblematiken. En enkät delades ut som mätte miljövänligt beteende, ansvarskänsla, tillit till forskning, upplevelse av att kunna påverka och kunskap när det gäller klimatproblematiken. Deltagarna fick också beskriva anledningar som möjliggör eller förhindrar en förbättring av klimatproblematiken. Deltog gjorde 97 personer. Resultatet visade på signifikanta samband me...

  16. BIM som Informationsbärare in i Förvaltningen : En studie vid Forsmarks Kraftgrupp

    OpenAIRE

    Svens, Therése

    2013-01-01

    BIM, Building Information Modeling, börjar vinna mark inom byggbranschen i Sverige och är en vedertagen process i vart och vartannat byggprojekt. Forsmarks Kraftgrupp står inför både upprustningar av sina anläggningar och nyproduktion av bland annat kontor, verkstad och hotell. BIM framstår nu som en lukrativ metod för att dra ner på projektkostnaderna, men även för att få ytterligare ordning och struktur på den enorma mängd dokumentation som ackumulerat under de dryga trettio åren av drift. ...

  17. Betyder modellering det samme i naturfag som i matematik?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ejersbo, Lisser Rye

    2014-01-01

    Med de nye målformuleringer og læseplaner bruges udtrykket modellering nu både indenfor naturfag og matematik. Matematiklærere, som er vant til at arbejde med modellering tror måske, at det betyder det samme begge steder, men det behøver slet ikke at være tilfældet. Måske vi trænger til en...

  18. Multi-digit handwritten sindhi numerals recognition using som neural network

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chandio, A.A.; Jalbani, A.H.; Awan, S.A.

    2017-01-01

    In this research paper a multi-digit Sindhi handwritten numerals recognition system using SOM Neural Network is presented. Handwritten digits recognition is one of the challenging tasks and a lot of research is being carried out since many years. A remarkable work has been done for recognition of isolated handwritten characters as well as digits in many languages like English, Arabic, Devanagari, Chinese, Urdu and Pashto. However, the literature reviewed does not show any remarkable work done for Sindhi numerals recognition. The recognition of Sindhi digits is a difficult task due to the various writing styles and different font sizes. Therefore, SOM (Self-Organizing Map), a NN (Neural Network) method is used which can recognize digits with various writing styles and different font sizes. Only one sample is required to train the network for each pair of multi-digit numerals. A database consisting of 4000 samples of multi-digits consisting only two digits from 10-50 and other matching numerals have been collected by 50 users and the experimental results of proposed method show that an accuracy of 86.89% is achieved. (author)

  19. Minihusfellesskap som verkemiddel i stadsutvikling av Undredal

    OpenAIRE

    Underdal, Brita

    2017-01-01

    Små bygdesamfunn i Noreg slit med nedgang i folketalet, og det går ut over utvikling, handel og trivsel hjå dei som vert verande i bygda. I verste fall blir bygdene heilt fråflytta, husa forfell og naturressursane går til spille. Dette kan vere framtidsbiletet til Undredal om ikkje noko vert gjort. På 20 år har folketalet gått ned frå 130 innbyggjarar til 70. Dersom utviklinga ikkje stagnerer, vil bygda snart vere tom for fastbuande. Oppgåva stiller difor spørsmålet: Korleis kan ein auk...

  20. Esplenectomia subtotal para tratamento do hipodesenvolvimento somático e sexual secundário a esplenomegalia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andy Petroianu

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: "Nanismo esplênico" é condição clínica decorrente de processo imunitário relacionado ao baço e tem como tratamento preconizado a esplenectomia total. Seguindo uma linha de pesquisa voltada ao estudo da esplenectomia subtotal em diferentes afecções, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento somático de pacientes portadores deste hipodesenvolvimento esplenomegálico, submetidos à esplenectomia subtotal com preservação do pólo superior esplênico irrigado apenas pelos vasos esplenogástricos. MÉTODO: Quatro pacientes masculinos (14, 14, 16 e 17 anos com esplenomegalia (três de etiologia esquistossomática e um com cirrose auto-imune e retardo do desenvolvimento somático e sexual foram submetidos à esplenectomia subtotal. As indicações para cirurgia foram sangramento de varizes do esôfago e pancitopenia. RESULTADOS: Em todos os casos houve retomada do crescimento e após um ano eles já se encontravam dentro da faixa de desenvolvimento somático e sexual compatível com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: O hipodesenvolvimento esplenomegálico não é decorrente da presença do baço, mas de seu crescimento; a esplenectomia subtotal é um procedimento adequado para tratar o retardo de desenvolvimento somático e sexual por esplenomegalia.

  1. Sundhed som tema på den pædagogiske dagsorden

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Ulla; Schulz, Anette

    2015-01-01

    Dagtilbud og skole fremhæves i de nationale mål for danskernes sundhed som vigtige indsatsmiljøer (Regeringen, 2014). I dette kapitel berøres indledningsvist dagtilbuddets og skolens sundhedsfremmende rolle. Herefter præsenteres en række cases, hvor to faktorer har været særligt afgørende for at ...

  2. Det moderne projekt – og portfolioen som en af mange succesteknologier

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Helms, Niels Henrik

    2010-01-01

    I artiklen diskuteres portfolioen i lyset af den canadiske fi losof Taylors begreber om rationel selvkontrol og ekspressiv artikulering som forskellige udtryk for det moderne. En række pædagogiske succesteknologier problematiseres og afsluttende foreslås en kommunitarisk forståelse af det...

  3. Praksisnær skoleudvikling og PLC som strategisk udviklingsaktør

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Ole; Bach, Anna

    2017-01-01

    I det følgende belyses, hvorledes PLC kan udvikles som strategisk udviklingsaktør og understøtte praksisnær skoleudvikling. Vi ønsker at belyse hvorledes Bekendtgørelsens overordnede intentioner kan få retning og rammer og dermed medvirke til, at hele det pædagogiske personale indgår i skoleudvik......I det følgende belyses, hvorledes PLC kan udvikles som strategisk udviklingsaktør og understøtte praksisnær skoleudvikling. Vi ønsker at belyse hvorledes Bekendtgørelsens overordnede intentioner kan få retning og rammer og dermed medvirke til, at hele det pædagogiske personale indgår i...... skoleudviklingen. I den forbindelse er det vores erfaring, at PLC kan spille en central rolle i forbindelse med den praksisnære og lokale skoleudvikling. Erfaringerne bygger især på udviklings- og forskningsprojekter fra kommunerne Kolding, København, Roskilde og Tårnby. Der har været tale om praksisnære...

  4. CLUSTER ANALYSIS UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI TALENTA PEMAIN BASKET MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN SELF ORGANIZING MAPS (SOM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gregorius Satia Budhi

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Basketball World has grown rapidly as the time goes on. This is signed by many competition and game all over the world. With the result there are many basketball players with their different playing characteristics. Demand for a coach or scout to look for or search great players to make a solid team as a coach requirement. With this application, a coach or scout will be helped in analyzing in decision making. This application uses Self Organizing Maps algorithm (SOM for Cluster Analysis. The real NBA player data is used for competitive learning or training process and real player data from Indonesian or Petra Christian University Basketball Players is used for testing process. The NBA Player data is prepared through cleaning process and then is transformed into a form that can be processed by SOM Algorithm. After that, the data is clustered with the SOM algorithm. The result of that clusters is displayed into a form that is easy to view and analyze. This result can be saved into a text file. By using the output / result of this application, that are the clusters of NBA player, the user can see the statistics of each cluster. With these cluster statistics coach or scout can predict the statistic and the position of a testing player who is in the same cluster. This information can give a support for the coach or scout to make a decision. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Dunia bola basket telah berkembang dengan pesat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu. Hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai macam dan jenis kompetisi dan pertandingan baik dunia maupun dalam negeri. Sehingga makin banyak dilahirkannya pemain berbakat dengan berbagai karakteristik permainan yang berbeda. Tuntutan bagi seorang pelatih/pemandu bakat, untuk dapat melihat secara jeli dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tim untuk membentuk tim yang solid. Dengan dibuatnya aplikasi ini, maka akan membantu proses analisis dan pengambilan keputusan bagi pelatih maupun pemandu bakat Aplikasi ini

  5. Sinéreses cromossômicas: projeto de complementaridade semiósica entre som e cor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eufrásio Prates

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho de Basbaum transita, transdisciplinarmente, pelos campos da neurologia cognitiva, arte, fí­sica, matemática, tecnologia, misticismo e teosofia, trazidos à baila para compor a teia da sinestesia ontológica do cromo-som, complexo indissociável e simultâneo de som e cor, como busca de interconexões originárias entre som e cor a partir da esfera da primeiridade peirciana, da constituição mesma do fenômeno sinestésico. Palavras-chave Sinestesia, primeiridade. Abstract The work of Basbaum as a research on the originary interconnections between sound and color based upon the Peircian firstness sphere concern, the constitution of the synesthesic phenomenon itself , goes transdisciplinarly through the fields of cognitive neurology, arts, physics, mathematics, technology, mysticism and theosophy, all of them with regard to the weaving of the ontological; synesthesia of the chromosound, an indissociable and simultaneous complex ofsound and color. Keywords Synesthesic phenomenon, Peircian firstness.

  6. Innovativ formidling af førsteårsstuderende som et design-based research-forløb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ole Eggers Bjælde

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available 14 videoproduktioner, 4 tegneserier, 3 filmfortællinger, 2 sange, 2 nyhedsindslag, 2 børnebøger, 2 facebook-sider, 1 novelle og 1 toiletrulle var blandt resultaterne, da 112 førsteårsstuderende i det obligatoriske kursus Astrofysik på fysikuddannelsen på Aarhus Universitet blev deltagere i et learning design-forløb, som en del af deres eksamen i kurset. Målet med forløbet var dels at sætte fokus på faglig formidling som en væsentlig kompetence blandt universitetsstuderende, men samtidig også at bringe værdier som kreativitet og innovation i spil. Forløbet var tilrettelagt efter principperne for design-based research, og publikationen her sætter fokus på intention, implementering, realisering og perspektivering af det underliggende design med henblik på forbedring af designet til fremtidig brug samt på en vurdering af forløbets samlede impact.

  7. Kombineret laser Doppler flowmetri og spectrophotometri som metode til vurdering af mikrocirculation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berggren Olsen, Mette; Sørensen, Hanne Birke; Houlind, Kim Christian

    Kombineret laser Doppler flowmetri og spectrophotometri som metode til vurdering af mikrocirculation Berggren, MB, reservelæge, Karkirurgisk Afdeling, Kolding, mette.marie.berggren.olsen@slb.regionsyddanmark.dk; Houlind, K, lektor, afdelingslæge, Ph.d., Karkirurgisk afdeling, Kolding, kim...

  8. John Deweys pædagogik som filosofisk livskunst

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dræby, Anders

    De senere år har der været forøget fokus på John Deweys slægtskab med antikkens filosofiske tradition. Oplægget stiller i den forbindelse skarpt på spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt og hvordan det giver mening at forstå Deweys pædagogiske filosofi i sammenhæng med Hellenismens og Romerrigets filosofiske...... livskunst. Er det med andre ord muligt at begribe Deweys pædagogik som en særlig form for filosofisk livskunst?...

  9. Aktionslæring som metode til udvikling af inkluderende praksis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Olsson, Janne; Maltzahn, Lene Nyboe

    2014-01-01

    Kapitlet handler om, hvordan genkendelige hverdagspraksisser i daginstitutioner i nogle tilfælde ekskluderer børn, mens andre praksisser understøtter, at børn kan tage del i fællesskaber. Med afsæt i en konkret case argumenteres der for, at aktionslæring som metode kan gøre det muligt for pædagog...

  10. Technology Marketing using PCA , SOM, and STP Strategy Modeling

    OpenAIRE

    Sunghae Jun

    2011-01-01

    Technology marketing is a total processing about identifying and meeting the technological needs of human society. Most technology results exist in intellectual properties like patents. In our research, we consider patent document as a technology. So patent data are analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Self Organizing Map (SOM) for STP(Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning) strategy modeling. STP is a popular approach for developing marketing strategies. We use STP strategy m...

  11. Velfærdsteknologi og læringsteknologi med MOOC som eksempel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Helms, Niels Henrik; Heilesen, Simon

    2015-01-01

    Kapitlet redegører for ‘Velfærdsteknologi’ i forhold til begrebet 'læringsteknologi’. Læringsteknologi bestemmes som velfærdsteknologi udfoldet inden for uddannelsessystemet. Ligesom velfærdsteknologi indføres læringsteknologi med multiple dagsordener, hvor hensigterne både er at tilskynde den læ...

  12. Teamcoaching som kvalificering af Cooperative Learning på læreruddannelsen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madsen, Henrik

    2008-01-01

    Projektet tager med et systemisk udgangspunkt et blik på coachingens muligheder som kvalificerende redskab for de studerendes tilegnelse af teoretiske og praktiske færdigheder i udviklingen af Cooperative Learning. Der er et teoretisk udgangspunkt i Luhmann og Vygotsky ligesom forskellige stadier i...... udviklingen fra gruppe til team skildres....

  13. High dimension feature extraction based visualized SOM fault diagnosis method and its application in p-xylene oxidation process☆

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    Ying Tian; Wenli Du; Feng Qian

    2015-01-01

    Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is an important chemical raw material. P-xylene (PX) is transformed to terephthalic acid (TA) through oxidation process and TA is refined to produce PTA. The PX oxidation reaction is a complex process involving three-phase reaction of gas, liquid and solid. To monitor the process and to im-prove the product quality, as wel as to visualize the fault type clearly, a fault diagnosis method based on self-organizing map (SOM) and high dimensional feature extraction method, local tangent space alignment (LTSA), is proposed. In this method, LTSA can reduce the dimension and keep the topology information simultaneously, and SOM distinguishes various states on the output map. Monitoring results of PX oxidation reaction process in-dicate that the LTSA–SOM can wel detect and visualize the fault type.

  14. Claus Beck-Nielsen som spøgelse

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Larsen, Peter Stein

    2012-01-01

    Med Brian Grahams artikel “Sympathy for the Spectres: The Double Nature of Blake’s Spectral Figures in Jerusalem” forbliver vi inden for den litterære tradition, men bevæger os en smule længere frem i tiden. Graham retter blikket mod William Blakes forfatterskab og påpeger, at Blakes univers er...... feministisk synsvinkel – er spøgelserne dobbelte: de spiller en rolle i kristendommens historie, samtidig med at de spiller en kontrasterende sympatisk rolle i den universelle strid mellem Blakes ”male and female powers”, denne evige strid mellem disse to poler ses af Blake som grundlaget for al skabelse og...

  15. Brand management og den refleksive forbruger - med semiotik som hjælpedisciplin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hermansen, Judy

    2009-01-01

      Kritisk eftertanke er et væsentligt træk ved den refleksive forbruger - ofte parret med en vis negativitet overfor et brand, en reklame eller forbrugerisme i al almindelighed. Den refleksive forbrugertype kommer til udtryk hos for eksempel en anti-branding guru som Naomi Klein og hendes...... bestseller bog "No Logo" eller i græsrodsbevægelsen Adbusters ( https://www.adbusters.org/ ), der efterhånden i mange år har udsendt et månedsmagasin med kritik af forbrugersamfundet og al dets reklame og branding. Disse anti-forbrugs og anti-branding bevægelser udspringer af, og er identifikationspunkter...... - den refleksive forbruger skal have noget, der kan "brande" ham som anderledes end alle mainstreamforbrugerne. Den refleksive forbruger er med andre ord en Feinschmecker og i lighed med - eller måske rettere i endnu højere grad end - alle andre forbrugere signalerer den refleksive forbruger sin...

  16. Self-organizing maps of Kohonen (SOM) applied to multidimensional monitoring data of the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Affonso, Gustavo S.; Pereira, Iraci M.; Mesquita, Roberto N. de; Bueno, Elaine I.

    2011-01-01

    Multivariate statistics comprise a set of statistical methods used in situations where many variables are database space subsets. Initially applied to human, social and biological sciences, these methods are being applied to many other areas such as education, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and many others. This spectra expansion was possible due to recent technological development of computation hardware and software that allows high and complex databases to be treated iteratively enabling further analysis. Following this trend, the neural networks called Self-Organizing Maps are turning into a powerful tool on visualization of implicit and unknown correlations in big sized database sets. Originally created by Kohonen in 1981, it was applied to speech recognition tasks. The SOM is being used as a comparative parameter to evaluate the performance of new multidimensional analysis methodologies. Most of methods require good variable input selection criteria and SOM has contributed to clustering, classification and prediction of multidimensional engineering process variables. This work proposes a method of applying SOM to a set of 58 IEA-R1 operational variables at IPEN research reactor which are monitored by a Data Acquisition System (DAS). This data set includes variables as temperature, flow mass rate, coolant level, nuclear radiation, nuclear power and control bars position. DAS enables the creation and storage of historical data which are used to contribute to Failure Detection and Monitoring System development. Results show good agreement with previous studies using other methods as GMDH and other predictive methods. (author)

  17. Self-organizing maps of Kohonen (SOM) applied to multidimensional monitoring data of the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Affonso, Gustavo S.; Pereira, Iraci M.; Mesquita, Roberto N. de, E-mail: rnavarro@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Bueno, Elaine I., E-mail: ebueno@ifsp.gov.b [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia de Sao Paulo (IFSP), SP (Brazil)

    2011-07-01

    Multivariate statistics comprise a set of statistical methods used in situations where many variables are database space subsets. Initially applied to human, social and biological sciences, these methods are being applied to many other areas such as education, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and many others. This spectra expansion was possible due to recent technological development of computation hardware and software that allows high and complex databases to be treated iteratively enabling further analysis. Following this trend, the neural networks called Self-Organizing Maps are turning into a powerful tool on visualization of implicit and unknown correlations in big sized database sets. Originally created by Kohonen in 1981, it was applied to speech recognition tasks. The SOM is being used as a comparative parameter to evaluate the performance of new multidimensional analysis methodologies. Most of methods require good variable input selection criteria and SOM has contributed to clustering, classification and prediction of multidimensional engineering process variables. This work proposes a method of applying SOM to a set of 58 IEA-R1 operational variables at IPEN research reactor which are monitored by a Data Acquisition System (DAS). This data set includes variables as temperature, flow mass rate, coolant level, nuclear radiation, nuclear power and control bars position. DAS enables the creation and storage of historical data which are used to contribute to Failure Detection and Monitoring System development. Results show good agreement with previous studies using other methods as GMDH and other predictive methods. (author)

  18. Embriogênese somática em cana-de-açúcar e aspectos morfoanatômicos

    OpenAIRE

    Melo, Emanuelle Ferreira

    2011-01-01

    O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de explantes e reguladores de crescimento nas diferentes fases da embriogênese somática de cana-de-açúcar, cultivar RB867515 e caracterizar anatomicamente as fases deste processo nesta cultivar. Além disso, foi avaliada a regeneração in vitro, via embriogênese somática, nas cultivares RB855536 e RB92579. Na primeira etapa do trabalho foram avaliados o uso de dois tipos de explantes iniciais: folhas imaturas e ápices ...

  19. Nordkapp som bærekraftig destinasjon - Et case-studie av aktørers drivere og barrierer

    OpenAIRE

    Berg, Marianne; Røkholt, Solveig

    2016-01-01

    Tittelen på oppgaven er “Nordkapp som bærekraftig destinasjon: Et case-studie av aktørers drivere og barrierer”. Vi har utviklet problemstillingen: “Hvilke drivere og barrierer ligger til grunn for utviklingen av et bærekraftig reiseliv blant aktørene på destinasjon Nordkapp?” Temaet vi ønsker å ta for oss er derfor bærekraftig destinasjonsutvikling på naturdestinasjoner. Bærekraft er en tematikk som må tas hensyn til for reiselivets overlevelsesevne. For å undersøke dette har vi brukt et kva...

  20. Skrivehandlinger som redskab til klar faglig formidling på PharmaSchool

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Laursen, Katja Årosin

    2016-01-01

    Denne artikel beskriver et pilotprojekt fra 2013, som havde til formål at øge opmærksomheden på klar skriftlig faglig formidling hos undervisere og studerende i kurset Dynamisk Biokemi på PharmaSchool ved Københavns Universitet (KU). På baggrund af en grundig behovsafdækning udviklede en akademisk...

  1. Spatial Heterogeneity of SOM Concentrations Associated with White-rot Versus Brown-rot Wood Decay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bai, Zhen; Ma, Qiang; Dai, Yucheng; Yuan, Haisheng; Ye, Ji; Yu, Wantai

    2017-10-23

    White- and brown-rot fungal decay via distinct pathways imparts characteristic molecular imprints on decomposing wood. However, the effect that a specific wood-rotting type of fungus has on proximal soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation remains unexplored. We investigated the potential influence of white- and brown-rot fungi-decayed Abies nephrolepis logs on forest SOM stocks (i.e., soil total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)) and the concentrations of amino sugars (microbial necromass) at different depths and horizontal distances from decaying woody debris. The brown-rot fungal wood decay resulted in higher concentrations of soil C and N and a greater increase in microbial necromass (i.e., 1.3- to 1.7-fold greater) than the white-rot fungal wood decay. The white-rot sets were accompanied by significant differences in the proportions of the bacterial residue index (muramic acid%) with soil depth; however, the brown-rot-associated soils showed complementary shifts, primarily in fungal necromass, across horizontal distances. Soil C and N concentrations were significantly correlated with fungal rather than bacterial necromass in the brown-rot systems. Our findings confirmed that the brown-rot fungi-dominated degradation of lignocellulosic residues resulted in a greater SOM buildup than the white-rot fungi-dominated degradation.

  2. Victoria's Secret : Märket som skapade en drömvärld och blev till en framgångssaga

    OpenAIRE

    Jonsson, Christine; Stenlo, Andrea

    2014-01-01

    Victoria’s Secret grundades 1977 i Kalifornien, USA. Idag har märket, som främst säljer underkläder, nått en enorm popularitet. I USA finns det, hösten 2014, över 1 000 butiker. Företagets främsta sätt att marknadsföra sig på är genom dess modeshow – The Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show - som sänds en gång per år på CBS. Den påkostade showen blandar modevisningen, som är uppdelad i ett antal olika teman, med uppträdanden av de för tillfället mest populära artisterna.      Syftet med uppsatsen ä...

  3. Emma Bentz: I stadens skugga. Den medeltida landsbygden som arkeologiskt forskningsfält

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kristiansen, Mette Svart

    2009-01-01

    Anmeldelse af doktordisputats, Lunds Universitet. Afhandlingen omhandler etableringen af den middelalderlige landbebyggelse som arkæologisk forskningsfelt fra 1930érne til i dag samt etableringen og vedligeholdelsen af et forskningsfelt indenfor den humanistiske videnskab....

  4. Hvad kan du tilbyde mig som muslim, præst?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Skovsgaard, Steen

    2005-01-01

    . islam og kristendom var jeg i 1995 inviteret til et møde med en stor gruppe muslimer i Gellerup. Det var et debatmøde om islam og kristendom, hvor skoleleder og imam Abdul Wahid Pedersen og jeg skulle komme med oplæg og debattere. Og så kunne der efterfølgende stilles spørgsmål fra salen. Det var hér...... andre mennesker, eller om Gud elsker dig og vil ha’ noget med dig at gøre, den dag må du love mig at komme tilbage. For så har jeg noget at tilbyde dig. Indtil da må du nøjes med islam!” Et sådant svar ville ganske vist ha’ været længere, men der ville også ha’ været mere for den unge muslim at tænke på...... og overkommelige krav, som stilles dig i islam. Selv her har du svigtet og er skyldig! Skyldig til dom og til straf!”. Og hvis så muslimen skulle finde på at sige, at han da bestemt har opfyldt Guds vilje iflg. islam, så kan vi jo passende fortælle ham, at de krav som stilles i islam kun er en bleg...

  5. Toward a new task assignment and path evolution (TAPE) for missile defense system (MDS) using intelligent adaptive SOM with recurrent neural networks (RNNs).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chi-Hsu; Chen, Chun-Yao; Hung, Kun-Neng

    2015-06-01

    In this paper, a new adaptive self-organizing map (SOM) with recurrent neural network (RNN) controller is proposed for task assignment and path evolution of missile defense system (MDS). We address the problem of N agents (defending missiles) and D targets (incoming missiles) in MDS. A new RNN controller is designed to force an agent (or defending missile) toward a target (or incoming missile), and a monitoring controller is also designed to reduce the error between RNN controller and ideal controller. A new SOM with RNN controller is then designed to dispatch agents to their corresponding targets by minimizing total damaging cost. This is actually an important application of the multiagent system. The SOM with RNN controller is the main controller. After task assignment, the weighting factors of our new SOM with RNN controller are activated to dispatch the agents toward their corresponding targets. Using the Lyapunov constraints, the weighting factors for the proposed SOM with RNN controller are updated to guarantee the stability of the path evolution (or planning) system. Excellent simulations are obtained using this new approach for MDS, which show that our RNN has the lowest average miss distance among the several techniques.

  6. Indução e desenvolvimento de calos e embriões somáticos em mamoeiro

    OpenAIRE

    Almeida,Eliane Pires de; Oliveira,Roberto Pedroso de; Dantas,Jorge Luis Loyola

    2001-01-01

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer um protocolo para a indução e desenvolvimento de calos e embriões somáticos em mamoeiro (Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung n.1). Foram utilizados quatro tipos de explantes (hipocótilo com folhas cotiledonares, hipocótilo, folhas cotiledonares e epicótilo) e duas condições de cultivo (escuro e 16 horas de luz). A indução e o desenvolvimento de calos foram avaliados nos meios de cultura ½MS2, ½MS10 e HMH e a indução e o desenvolvimento de embriões somático...

  7. Differences in SOM decomposition and temperature sensitivity among soil aggregate size classes in a temperate grasslands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Qing; Wang, Dan; Wen, Xuefa; Yu, Guirui; He, Nianpeng; Wang, Rongfu

    2015-01-01

    The principle of enzyme kinetics suggests that the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is inversely related to organic carbon (C) quality, i.e., the C quality-temperature (CQT) hypothesis. We tested this hypothesis by performing laboratory incubation experiments with bulk soil, macroaggregates (MA, 250-2000 μm), microaggregates (MI, 53-250 μm), and mineral fractions (MF, temperature and aggregate size significantly affected on SOM decomposition, with notable interactive effects (Ptemperature in the following order: MA>MF>bulk soil >MI(P classes (P temperature is closely associated withsoil aggregation and highlights the complex responses of ecosystem C budgets to future warming scenarios.

  8. En teoretisk utdyping av rom og materialitet som pedagogisk ressurs i barnehagen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Solveig Nordtømme

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract: This article is a theoretical exploration with the aim of discussing an ontological basis for space and materiality as educational resources in kindergarten. Attention is directed on children’s play experiences interacting with space and materiality, and how children use and create space. The metaphors front stage, space in between, and backstage (inspired from Erving Goffman, 1969, which form the study's main findings, are used as the backdrop for the issue and analyzes. The empirical material used in this exploration has been collected with an ethnographic methodological approach in two kindergartens. Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s (1962 focus on bodily experience and presence in space, along with concepts from Latour’s (2005 actor-network theory, is used to explore the data. The article contributes with theoretical tools for professionals in kindergarten teaching, to shed light on the importance of space, materiality and play in children's everyday life in kindergarten.Sammendrag: Denne artikkelen diskuterer et ontologisk grunnlag og er en teoretisk utforskning av rom og materialitet som en pedagogisk ressurs i barnehagen. Oppmerksomheten er rettet mot barns lekeerfaringer i samspill med rom og materialitet, og hvordan barn bruker og skaper rom. Metaforene hovedrom, mellomrom, og bakrom (inspirert fra Erving Goffman, 1969, som danner studiens hovedfunn, blir brukt som et bakteppe for problemstilling og analyser av det empiriske materialet fra to barnehager. Maurice Merleau-Ponty publikasjoner The Phenomenology of Perception (Merleau-Ponty, 1962 med sitt fokus på kroppslig erfaring i levd rom, blir brukt sammen med begreper fra Latours aktør-nettverksteori (Latour 2005 til å utforske hvordan rom og materialitet kan være pedagogiske ressurser. Artikkelens kunnskapsbidrag er å presentere et teoretisk verktøy for barnehageprofesjonen og kunnskaper om lekens betydning i barns hverdag i barnehagen.

  9. Tidlige brukere av alkohol – hvem er de? Kjennetegn ved ungdom som starter tidlig med alkohol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anders Grimsmo

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available  SAMMENDRAGDebutalder med alkoholrus er en sterk prediktor for senere alkoholbruk. I denne undersøkelsen har visammenliknet de som starter med alkohol tidlig og før det er kulturelt akseptert, med ungdommenesom begynner i konfirmasjonsalder og de som utsetter alkoholdebuten. Vi finner at gruppen sombegynner tidlig ikke bare bryter de lokale tradisjonene for alkoholkonsum, men er i opposisjon tilnormer og autoriteter generelt. Alkohol er et positivt symbol for gruppen og det å ruse seg et ritualesom gir mening i deres miljø. Hjemmet står i den sterkeste posisjonen til å kunne utsette ungdommensalkoholdebut. Vi skisserer hvilke implikasjoner dette bør ha for strategien i det forebyggende arbeidet.

  10. Inducción de la embriogénesis somática en mango de hilacha (Mangifera indica L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Perea Dallos

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta investigación se estudió el establecimiento de un medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática a partir de embriones cigóticos y tejido nucelar de frutos inmaduros de mango de hilacha. Se ensayaron nueve tratamientos de desinfección resultantes de la combinación de tres concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (2,5, 3,5 y 4,5%, aplicadas durante tres intervalos de tiempo (30, 45 ó 60 min. El medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática se estableció probando 18 medios de cultivo, cinco adicionados con 0, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 y 3,0 mg/L de 2,4-D y 13 medios suplementados con 0, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 y 2,0 mg/L de TDZ en combinación con 0, 1,0 y 2,0 mg/L de 2,4-D.  Adicionalmente, se experimentó con cuatro medios de cultivo adicionados con 0, 0,5, 1,0 y 2,0 mg/L de ácido giberélico para la germinación de los embriones somáticos. Mediante observación, se estudió la influencia de las diferentes concentraciones de ácido diclorofenoxiacético y de thidiazurom sobre los explantes utilizados; adicionalmente, se evaluó la formación de las diferentes etapas de la embriogénesis somática. Por medio de cortes histológicos, se estableció el origen de los embriones somáticos y las diferencias, a nivel celular, entre cada uno de sus estadios. Se estudió el proceso de formación del callo friable y embriogénico. Todos los tratamientos de desinfección fueron igualmente efectivos, pero se recomienda el uso de una concentración de 4,5 % de  hipoclorito de sodio, durante 60 minutos. El medio de cultivo más favorable para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática fue el que contenía 0,5 mg/L de TDZ y 1 mg/L de 2,4-D; y para la germinación, el carente de reguladores de crecimiento. En los medios de cultivo suplementados únicamente con 2,4-D se formaron embriones indirectos, mientras que en los que contenían 2,4-D más TDZ se observaron embriones directos e indirectos, de acuerdo con el regulador

  11. Por que a percussão de uma mola produz o mesmo som de “pistolas laser” do filme Star Wars?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jair Lúcio Prados Ribeiro

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2014v31n2p385 Ao se bater lateralmente em uma mola metálica esticada, é produzido  um sibilo,  um  efeito  sonoro  que  se  tornou parte da cultura atual devido à sua popularização como o som de uma “pistola laser” no filme Star Wars. O sibilo ocorre devido à dispersão do som em um metal, mas a revisão de obras didáticas de ensino médio e superior mostra que a discussão desse fenômeno não está presente. Apresentamos uma atividade experimental possível de ser conduzida no ensino médio, a fim de detectar o sibilo e analisá-lo em um programa de edição de som. A análise gráfica permitiu determinar, de forma aproximada, que há uma relação inversamente proporcional entre a frequência do som que se propaga na mola e o tempo de detecção.

  12. Bearing performance degradation assessment based on time-frequency code features and SOM network

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang, Yan; Tang, Baoping; Han, Yan; Deng, Lei

    2017-01-01

    Bearing performance degradation assessment and prognostics are extremely important in supporting maintenance decision and guaranteeing the system’s reliability. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method for the degradation assessment and prognostics of bearings. Features of time-frequency codes (TFCs) are extracted from the time-frequency distribution using a hybrid procedure based on short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) theory. An alternative way to design the health indicator is investigated by quantifying the similarity between feature vectors using a self-organizing map (SOM) network. On the basis of this idea, a new health indicator called time-frequency code quantification error (TFCQE) is proposed to assess the performance degradation of the bearing. This indicator is constructed based on the bearing real-time behavior and the SOM model that is previously trained with only the TFC vectors under the normal condition. Vibration signals collected from the bearing run-to-failure tests are used to validate the developed method. The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TFCQE indicator over many other traditional features in terms of feature quality metrics, incipient degradation identification and achieving accurate prediction. Highlights • Time-frequency codes are extracted to reflect the signals’ characteristics. • SOM network served as a tool to quantify the similarity between feature vectors. • A new health indicator is proposed to demonstrate the whole stage of degradation development. • The method is useful for extracting the degradation features and detecting the incipient degradation. • The superiority of the proposed method is verified using experimental data. (paper)

  13. Legalisering som lösning? Erfarenheter av holländsk eutanasipraxis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Boer, Th.A.

    2002-01-01

    Fastän vi lever i ett Europa som växer samman, så fortsätter dock många gränser att bestå. Vissa skillnader förblir eller har i de förgångna årtiondena till och med blivit djupare. Dödshjälpsdebatterna i Holland och Skandinavien ger oss ett exempel. Två stater med till stor del lika kultur, men

  14. Indução de embriogênese somática em cana-de-açúcar RB935744

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo de Oliveira Almeida

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta morfogênica do genótipo RB935744 à indução de embriogênese somática com subsequente regeneração dos embriões. Segmentos transversais de folhas jovens medindo 2-3 mm de espessura foram cultivados em meio MS sólido contendo três diferentes concentrações de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D para indução de calos embriogênicos. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando 31.5 µM L-1 de 2,4-D em 45 ou 60 dias de incubação em meio de indução, realizando de um a três subcultivos e incubando em meio de regeneração por 15 a 45 dias. Este resultado mostra que o protocolo de embriogênese somática para o genótipo RB935744 necessita de ajustes para se alcançar uma satisfatória produção de embriões somáticos.

  15. Engelsk som tredjespråk: Har lærere kompetanse til å støtte flerspråklighet?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anne Dahl

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Denne artikkelen handler om norske engelsklæreres kompetanse i å arbeide med barn som har et annet morsmål enn norsk, og som lærer engelsk som fremmedspråk. Problemstillingene er "Hva slags utdanning og kunnskap innen flerspråklighet har engelsklærere i Norge?," "I hvilken grad føler engelsklærere i Norge seg forberedt på å undervise i flerkulturelle og flerspråklige klasserom?" og "Hvilken type kunnskap, ferdigheter og ressurser føler de behov for?". Vi presenterer resultater fra en nasjonal spørreundersøkelse hvor i alt 176 engelsklærere deltok. I tillegg presenterer vi resultater fra fokusintervjuer med i alt fire lærere fra to skoler. Resultatene viser at selv om engelsklærerne til en viss grad føler seg forberedt på arbeid med elever som ikke har norsk som morsmål, har svært få av dem utdanning som fokuserer på flerspråklighet. Svarene fra spørreundersøkelsen og fra intervjuene viser at engelsklærerne gjerne vil ha mer kompetanse på dette området. Vi vil derfor understreke betydningen av utdanning i teori og praksis om flerspråklig utvikling og flerkulturell utdanningsteori, og ikke minst betydningen av tilgang til faglig utvikling som fokuserer på flerspråklighet i skolen og i samfunnet for engelsklærere i Norge.Nøkkelord: engelsklærere, kompetanse, språkpedagogisk kunnskap,flerspråklighet, lærerutdanningAbstractThis paper examines the extent to which English teachers in Norway are prepared to work with children whose mother tongue is not Norwegian, and who are acquiring English as a foreign language. The research questions are “What type of education and knowledge in the area of multilingualism do English teachers in Norway have?,” To what extent do English teachers in Norway feel they are prepared to teach in a multicultural and multilingual classroom?,” and “What kinds of knowledge, skills and resources do they feel a need for?” We present the results of a national survey completed by 176

  16. Faults detection approach using PCA and SOM algorithm in PMSG-WT system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mohamed Lamine FADDA

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, a new approach for faults detection in observable data system wind turbine - permanent magnet synchronous generator (WT-PMSG, the studying objective, illustrate the combination (SOM-PCA to build Multi-local-PCA models faults detection in system (WT-PMSG, the performance of the method suggested to faults detection in system data, finding good results in simulation experiment.

  17. Förändring av förpackning som utökning av marknadsmixen : En studie av fem snabbrörliga konsumentvaror inom livsmedelsbranschen

    OpenAIRE

    Sandström, Carolina; Eriksson, Sofie

    2011-01-01

    Denna uppsats behandlar förändring av förpackning som en möjlig utökning av produktkategorin i Kotler & Kellers utvidgade marknadsmix. I marknadsmixen behandlas förpackningen som statisk under en varas livstid och studiens syfte var att se om förpackningsförändringar istället bör ske vid flertalet tillfällen. Genom existerande litteratur identifierades tre centrala begrepp som ansågs betydelsefulla för studien; förpackning, förändring av förpackning och differentiering. Fem olika företag ...

  18. Arbeid som berører : en studie av miljøarbeideres møter med ungdom på ungdomshjem

    OpenAIRE

    Viervang, Irene

    2008-01-01

    Master i sosialt arbeid Det er miljøarbeideres fortellinger om relasjonen og møtet med ungdommer på institusjon som mitt blikk er rettet mot i denne studien. Det settes derfor søkelys på interaksjonen mellom miljøarbeideren og ungdommer, og spesielt hvordan denne berører miljøarbeideren. Dette er en kvalitativ undersøkelse hvor jeg intervjuer syv miljøarbeidere som arbeider på fire forskjellige ungdomshjem. Alle informantene hadde sosialfaglig utdanning og praksiserfaring fr...

  19. Inducción de la embriogénesis somática en mango de hilacha (Mangifera indica L.)

    OpenAIRE

    Margarita Perea Dallos

    2006-01-01

    En esta investigación se estudió el establecimiento de un medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática a partir de embriones cigóticos y tejido nucelar de frutos inmaduros de mango de hilacha. Se ensayaron nueve tratamientos de desinfección resultantes de la combinación de tres concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (2,5, 3,5 y 4,5%), aplicadas durante tres intervalos de tiempo (30, 45 ó 60 min). El medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática se estable...

  20. ADHD SOM SOCIALT OG KULTURELT FÆNOMEN

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berger, Nichlas Permin

    Der har i Danmark de seneste årtier været en eksplosiv vækst i antallet af mennesker, der stilles en ADHD-diagnose. Der eksisterer et væld af forskellige bud på forklaringer på dette fænomen. Lige fra epidemiologiske og medicinske tolkninger, der peger på, at mennesker generelt er blevet mere syge...... at forbinde psykiske lidelser, herunder i væsentlig grad ADHD, som en risikofaktor for kriminalitet, antisocial adfærd, misbrug og en række andre sociale problemer. Med interesse i dette komplekse fænomen belyses empirisk den sociale og kulturelle forudsætning for ADHD-diagnosen i Kriminalforsorgens...... institutioner i en kulturanalytisk og socialkonstruktivistisk optik. Afhandlingen undersøger, hvordan ADHD og kriminalitet diskursivt kobles sammen af voksne kriminelle med en ADHD-diagnose og frontmedarbejdere i Kriminalforsorgen....

  1. Med fodbold som "hook" - et udviklingsprojekt på tværs af grænser

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Klausen, Bodil; Greve, Charlotte

    2009-01-01

    Artiklen beskriver et socialt innovationsprojekt som udspringer af et samarbejde mellem de to fodboldklubber: Premier League-fodboldklubben West Ham United fra East London og fodboldklubben AC Horsens & de to uddannelsesinstitutioner: VIA University College, Pædagoguddannelsen i Gedved og Univers...

  2. Palaeocene-early Eocene inversion of the Phuquoc-Kampot Som Basin

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fyhn, Michael B. W.; Pedersen, Stig A.S.; Boldreel, Lars Ole

    2010-01-01

    /Pb analysis is used to unravel the basin history. This reveals a hitherto unknown earliest Palaeogene basin inversion associated with the Luconian suturing to SE Asia and the shutdown of palaeo-Pacific subduction underneath SE Asia. The Phuquoc–Kampot Som Basin and the Khorat Basin in Thailand constitute...... the erosional remnants of a larger basin that covered large parts of SE Asia in Late Mesozoic time, and subsequently became segregated during earliest Palaeogene inversion and erosion. Inversion was focused along the several hundred kilometres long Kampot and Khmer–Chanthaburi fold belts that confine...

  3. Embriogénesis somática secundaria en el genotipo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) inifap 1 y su descripción histológica

    OpenAIRE

    Lázaro, A. Alejandro; Azpeitia-Morales, A.; Sáenz-Carbonell, L.; Mirafuentes Hernández, F.

    2015-01-01

    La embriogénesis somática aplicada para la propagación clonal de plantas de cacao, aun es de baja eficiencia, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de los cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios como fuente de explante para inducir embriogénesis somática secundaria (ESS) en presencia de fitohormonas y sin estas en el genotipo de cacao inifap 1, asi como describir los eventos de la ESS desde los 30 hasta los 240 días de cultivo. El uso de las fi...

  4. Embriogénesis somática secundaria en el genotipo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) inifap 1 y su descripción histológica

    OpenAIRE

    A. Alejandro-Lázaro; A. Azpeitia-Morales; L. Sáenz-Carbonell; F . Mirafuentes Hernández

    2015-01-01

    La embriogénesis somática aplicada para la propagación clonal de plantas de cacao, aun es de baja eficiencia, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de los cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios como fuente de explante para inducir embriogénesis somática secundaria (ESS) en presencia de fitohormonas y sin estas en el genotipo de cacao inifap 1, asi como describir los eventos de la ESS desde los 30 hasta los 240 días de cultivo. El uso de l...

  5. Er internethandel kommet for at blive? Eller er det bare krisen som kradser?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ivang, Reimer

    2012-01-01

    I de seneste dage har Jyllandsposten sat fokus på, at omsætningen i den danske detailhandel falder, der fyres, der spares, og det bliver endnu værre i de kommende måneder og år. I artiklen udråbes finanskrisen, som den store skurk, men er det nu den fulde sandhed?...

  6. Efeitos do som basal em fendas glóticas Effects of vocal fry incomplete glottal closure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geovana de Paula Bolzan

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available TEMA: som basal em fendas glóticas. PROCEDIMENTOS: participaram desta pesquisa dois sujeitos do sexo feminino, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos e diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de fenda em ampulheta. Houve gravação da emissão sustentada da vogal /a/ e exame videolaringoestroboscópico, imediatamente a seguir, os sujeitos realizaram o som basal em três séries de 15 repetições, e foram submetidos a novo exame laríngeo e gravação da vogal. Os dados pré e pós-realização do som basal foram submetidos às analises acústica, perceptivo-auditiva e videolaringoestroboscópica, realizadas por juízes (três fonoaudiólogas e três otorrinolaringologistas, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: em ambos os sujeitos, houve melhora no fechamento glótico e amplitude de vibração da mucosa das pregas vocais; piora no tipo de voz; aumento das medidas de ruído e de Jitter. CONCLUSÃO: o som basal promoveu redução das fendas glóticas e aumento da amplitude de vibração da mucosa das pregas vocais; piora do tipo de voz, que ficou mais ruidoso; aumento das medidas de ruído e de Jitter, sugerindo irregularidade vibratória, provavelmente devido ao efeito do ajuste do som basal ao mobilizar intensamente a mucosa.BACKGROUND: vocal fry in incomplete glottal closure. PROCEDURE: two individuals aged between 20 and 40 years old presenting an otolaryngological diagnosis of ampoule chink were part of the study. A recording of the sustained emission of /a/ vowel took place, as well as a videostroboscopic examination. Right after, the individuals completed the vocal fry in three series of 15 repetitions, being submitted to a new laryngeal examination and to the vowel’s recording. Both pre-vocal and post vocal fry data were assessed through acoustic, perceptive-auditive and videostroboscopic analysis, carried out by judges (three speech and language pathologists and three otolaryngologists, respectively. RESULTS: for both individuals, there was an improvement

  7. Bilderboken ur ett genusperspektiv : En bilderboksanalys av tre svenska böcker som utmanar stereotypa könsroller

    OpenAIRE

    Malmqvist, Hanna

    2015-01-01

    Syftet med denna studie är att se hur några bilderböcker utmanar de stereotypa könsrollerna. Jag kommer att granska hur pojkar och flickor framställs ur ett genusperspektiv och även titta på hur text och bild kompletterar varandra, med hjälp av Nikolajevas (2000) analysmodell för bilderböcker. Jag har valt att analysera tre stycken böcker och två av dessa har pojkar som huvudkaraktärer och en har en flicka som huvudkaraktär. Med den medvetenhet man har idag kring genus så kan dessa böcker var...

  8. Konstruktionen af it-systemet ”Digitalisering – Udsatte Børn og Unge” som løsningen på problemer i den socialfaglige sagsbehandling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Fahnøe, Kristian

    2015-01-01

    Denne artikel undersøger hvordan it-systemet ”Digitalisering – Udsatte Børn og Unge” (DUBU) konstrueres som løsning på problemer på området vedrørende udsatte børn og unge. It-systemet, der skal bidrage til digitalisering af den kommunale sagsbehandling på området, er udviklet i et nationalt...... at løse via digitalisering, der fremstår som en simpel løsning. Med det afsæt undersøges to påstande om it-DUBU, der i forbindelse med udviklingen og implementeringen fremstiller systemet som relevant og attraktiv for kommunerne. Den først påstand er, at digitaliseringen med DUBU kan reducere udgifterne...

  9. Embriogénesis somática secundaria en el genotipo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L. inifap 1 y su descripción histológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Alejandro-Lázaro

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La embriogénesis somática aplicada para la propagación clonal de plantas de cacao, aun es de baja eficiencia, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de los cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios como fuente de explante para inducir embriogénesis somática secundaria (ESS en presencia de fitohormonas y sin estas en el genotipo de cacao inifap 1, asi como describir los eventos de la ESS desde los 30 hasta los 240 días de cultivo. El uso de las fitohormonas ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiácetico (2,4-D y thidiazuron (TDZ son importantes para inducir la embriogénesis somática (ES primaria en cacao. Adicionalmente para generar la ESS se han utilizado fitohormonas. En la presente investigación, fueron establecidos cuatro tratamientos con fregmentos de cotiledón, con 2,4-D y TDZ en forma combinada e independiente, incluyendo un testigo sin fitohormonas. Los resultados mostraron, que los fragmentos de cotiledón cultivados sin fitohormonas favorece la ESS, obteniendo un promedio de seis embriones somáticos secundarios (ESs a los 210 días de cultivo contra uno para el tratamiento suplementado con TDZ. El meristemo apical y radicular se presentó en un periodo de 240 días, se observaron embriones somáticos con estructuras externas como: cotiledones, ápices y raíces. Los resultados mostraron que la exclusión del 2,4-D y el thidiazuron no son importantes para inducir la ESS. El mayor número de ESs se encontró en un medio desprovisto de fitohormonas por lo que esta información es relevante, debido a que los explantes de cotiledones procedentes de embriones somáticos primarios, generan mayor número de ESs en esta especie. Estos resultados constituyen el primer reporte de la inducción de la ESs sin fitohormonas.

  10. Lean i Norge : opplever norske bedrifter som er mer lean, større økning i kundetilfredshet enn de som er mindre lean?

    OpenAIRE

    Fagereng, Hanne Eline; Askevold, Elisabeth Cathrine

    2010-01-01

    Vi ønsker å måle i hvor stor grad norske bedrifter har implementert lean, og for å måle grad av lean har vi utviklet et rammeverk basert på lean teori. Hovedformålet med lean er å øke kundeverdi med minst mulig ressursbruk, anstrengelse, energi, utstyr, tid, plass, material og kapital (Womack, Roos and Jones 2007). Vi vil utforske om høyere grad av lean fører til mer tilfredse kunder enn de som har lavere grad av lean. Altså om hovedformålet med lean blir oppnådd hvis man implementerer lean i...

  11. Tv-serien som vor tids roman?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nielsen, Jakob Isak

    2012-01-01

    Artiklen gør rede for de forbindelseslinjer, der er mellem den nyere amerikanske tv-serie og en række andre udtryksformer (fx radiospillet og spillefilmen) for dernæst at fokusere på tv-seriens slægtskab med romanen. Alene i Danmark har såvel kulturjournalister som forskere påpeget ligheder de...... to udtryksformer imellem, og artiklen vil forsøge at skabe et overblik over berøringsfladerne og parallellerne. Artiklens tese er, at sammenligningen er gangbar i forhold til en række parametre – særligt hvis man indsnævrer de i udgangspunktet temmelig heterogene og vidtfavnende udtryksformer ”romanen” og ”tv......-serien” og fokuserer på bestemte eksempler og strømninger samt på bestemte distributions-, brugs- og oplevelsesformer (særligt DVD-udgivelsen ifm. tv-serier fx). Eksemplerne er primært fra en række nyere amerikanske tv-serier fra The Sopranos (HBO, 1999-2007) og frem, og artiklen vil afslutningsvist påpege...

  12. Fysisk träning som vård av muskuloskeletala störningar bland datorarbetande : - en litteraturöversikt

    OpenAIRE

    Renvall, Ralf

    2010-01-01

    Sammandrag: Ämnet för denna litteraturöversikt är fysisk träning som vård av muskuloskeletala funktionsstörningar bland datorarbetande. Dessa arbetsrelaterade muskuloskeletala funktionsstörningar är mycket vanliga. Arbetsförhållandena nuförtiden gör att tiden som används vid datorn förlängs och att minska belastningen med endast rätt arbetsergonomi kan orsaka andra problem. Förlängda arbetspass, låg variation i muskelns kontraktionsnivå och ökad monotoni kan bli följden av optimerad erg...

  13. Med ordet som våpen. Husittane og ålmenta

    OpenAIRE

    Øystese, Martin Berland

    2015-01-01

    I denne oppgåva har eg undersøkt korleis husittane såg på ålmenta i Bøhmen tidleg på 1400-talet. Gjennom song, talar og propaganda skapa dei ei ålmente som var særs open for si tid, og skulle stå seg mot fem krosstog send frå den katolske kyrkja. Deira lære skulle endre Bøhmens historie dei neste 200 åra. The Hussite movement occurred in a volatile period. After ending the papal schism in the Catholic Church, the Conciliar Movement searched for ways to again unif...

  14. Effect of microbial enzyme allocation strategies on stoichiometry of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wutzler, Thomas

    2014-05-01

    We explored different strategies of soil microbial community to invest resources into extracellular enzymes by conceptual modelling. Similar to the EEZY model by Moorhead et al. (2012), microbial community can invest into two separate pools of enzymes that depolymerize two different SOM pools. We show that with assuming that a fixed fraction of substrate uptake is allocated to enzymes, the microbial dynamics decouples from decomposition dynamics. We propose an alternative formulation where investment into enzymes is proportional to microbial biomass. Next, we show that the strategy of optimizing stoichiometry of decomposition flux according to microbial biomass stoichiometry yield less microbial growth than the strategy of optimizing revenue of the currently limiting element. However, both strategies result in better usage of the resources, i.e. less C overflow or N mineralization, than the strategy of equal allocation to both enzymes. Further, we discuss effects of those strategies on decomposition of SOM and priming at different time scales and discuss several abstractions from the detailed model dynamics for usage in larger scale models.

  15. Spontane strategier i innovationsnetværk: materialitetens betydning for stabiliseringen af virtuelle verdner som professionelt kommunikationsmedie [Spontaneous strategies in innovation networks: The importance of materiality in stabilising virtual worlds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emil Husted

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Megen forskning har beskæftiget sig med, hvordan sociale og organisatoriske processer ændres, når de finder sted i virtuelle rum. Denne artikel tager udgangspunkt i innovationsprocesser, hvor aktører forsøger at etablere virtuelle verdner som platform for professionel kommunikation, men i stedet for at fokusere på kommunikationsprocesser internt i virtuelle verdner vil artiklen stille spørgsmålstegn ved dikotomien mellem den fysiske og den virtuelle verden og undersøge materialitetens betydning for organiseringen af det virtuelle. Ved at anlægge et perspektiv inspireret af Aktør Netværks Teori vil artiklen argumentere for, at fysiske steder og objekter ikke blot fungerer som kontekst for innovationsprocesser, men tværtimod inddrages som strategiske ressourcer, der aktivt medskaber de virtuelle verdner. Empirisk funderes analysen i fem danske virksomheder og viser, hvordan virksomhederne benytter sig af fysiske steder og objekter som strategisk ressource i innovationsprocessen. Hermed bidrager artiklen til litteraturen omkring innovation inden for nye medier såsom virtuelle verdner.

  16. Arbejdsmiljøseminarer som en metode til at skabe motivation, ansvar og ejerskab til sikkerhedsarbejdet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Louise

    2011-01-01

    arbejdsmiljøseminarer som en ny metode til på en meningsfuld måde systematisk at involvere mellemlederne og de ansatte i virksomhedernes sikkerhedsarbejde og dermed potentielt at fremme deres motivation, ansvar og ejerskab til dette. Arbejdsmiljøseminarer tager udgangspunkt i de ansattes faglige ekspertise og...

  17. Effects of fermentation time and low temperature during the production process of Thai pickled fish (pla-som) on the viability and infectivity of Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Onsurathum, Sudarat; Pinlaor, Porntip; Haonon, Ornuma; Chaidee, Apisit; Charoensuk, Lakhanawan; Intuyod, Kitti; Boonmars, Thidarut; Laummaunwai, Porntip; Pinlaor, Somchai

    2016-02-02

    Contamination of a popular fermented fish dish, pla-som, by Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (OVMC) is a possible cause of carcinogenic liver fluke infection in Thailand. Affected individuals are at risk of bile duct cancer, which is a major health problem for people in the Greater Mekong Subregion. In order to investigate concerns about food safety, we studied the effects of fermentation time and low temperature on the viability and infectivity of OVMC during the pla-som production process. Pla-som was prepared at room temperature for up to 1 week in duplicate experiments using cyprinid freshwater fish obtained from an O. viverrini-endemic area. OVMC were then isolated and identified under a stereomicroscope. Complete and viable OVMC were found on days 1-4 of fermentation, while their morphology was degenerated thereafter. After OVMC were fed to hamsters, the percentage of the worm recovery after 1 to 2 months of infection was 52%, 44.7%, 11.3% and 1% for days 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In order to measure the effect of low temperature on OVMC, fish were kept in a refrigerator (4 °C) for up to five days and then subsequently fermented for three days. In fish stored in a refrigerator for 1 and 2 days, viable OVMC were clearly observed and were able to infect hamsters, a worm-recovery percentage of 3.3% and 12.7%, respectively. By contrast, in pla-som prepared from fish stored for 3 to 5 days, OVMC were degenerated and could not infect the host. In conclusion, pla-som fermentation for more than four days and refrigerating fish for three days before pla-som processing can prevent O. viverrini infection. This study may increase awareness of fermented-fish dish preparation to prevent liver fluke infection. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Som, fúria, crítica e audiência: aspectos da recepção da série Som & fúria, de Fernando Meirelles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo de Lima

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo procura analisar aspectos da recepção da minissérie Som & fúria, exibida pela Rede Globo de Televisão em 2009. Produzida em conjunto com a O2 Filmes, a minissérie narra a história de uma trupe teatral que adapta obras do dramaturgo inglês William Shakespeare. Ao mesmo tempo em que recebeu críticas extremamente positivas da crítica jornalística, Som & fúria alcançou baixos números de audiência para os padrões da Globo, o que levou a seu cancelamento após apenas uma temporada. Consideramos que as referências à literatura shakespeariana e a presença da linguagem teatral na minissérie podem ter provocado um ruído de comunicação com o público, minimizando, assim, as possibilidades de diálogo e de construção de uma relação afetiva entre o programa e uma audiência mais abrangente. Utilizamos principalmente os conceitos de dialogismo e carnavalização (BAKHTIN, 2010; STAM, 1992 e a abordagem cognitivista aplicada a produtos audiovisuais (BORDWELL, 2007; PUCCI, 2012 na tentativa de compreender essa discrepância entre a recepção do público e da crítica. Procuramos contribuir, assim, para os estudos de recepção de audiovisuais, considerando os diversos atores que compõem o público e seus locus recepcionais, suas particularidades e as influências que determinam a forma através qual eles se relacionam com produtos culturais diversos.

  19. Effect of including fitness testing in preventive health checks on cardiorespiratory fitness and motivation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Høj, Kirsten; Skriver, Mette Vinther; Hansen, Anne-Louise Smidt

    2014-01-01

    Denne artikel beskriver studieprotokollen for et randomiseret kontrolleret studie, som skal undersøge effekten af at udføre konditests som en del af forebyggende helbredsundersøgelser sammenlignet med helbredsundersøgelser uden konditests. I Randers kommune tilbyder man i perioden 2012-2017 alle ...

  20. Designtænkning som didaktisk metode: Læringsdesign for teknologisk forestillingskraft og handlekraft

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rikke Berggreen Paaskesen

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Det er et problem, at undervisere, lærerstuderende og elever ikke bliver mødt med tilstrækkelig inspiration, metoder og design til, hvorledes de kan anvende teknologier i undervisningen på måder der understøtter teknologisk forestillingskraft, handlekraft og kritisk-kreativ teknologisk dannelse. Dette forsøger denne artikel at adressere gennem at tilbyde forståelsesramme, struktur, procesmodel og konkret case-eksempel for hvorledes man kan arbejde med designtænkning som didaktisk metode til udformning læringsdesign for kritisk-kreativ teknologisk forestillingskraft og handlekraft. Artiklen kobler designtænkning og læringsdesign sammen til designtænkende læringsdesign for undervisere og læringsdesign for designtænkning for studerende og elever. Disse formater beskrives dernæst som åbne didaktisk-pædagogiske læringsdesign og centrale strukturer, elementer og faser fremstilles og beskrives. Pædagogisk tænkning for kritisk-kreativt medborgerskab inddrages til at underbygge modellens didaktisk-pædagogiske potentiale. Designtænkende læringsdesign for demokratisk dannelse præsenteres dernæst gennem en konkret case Future-Tech-Town Year 2060. I konklusionen udvides perspektivet til uddannelsesarbejde med læringsdesign der sigter mod kritisk-kreative fremtids-skabere med teknologier.

  1. En bok for meg? Litteraturvalg med knyttneveprøven som metode.

    OpenAIRE

    Nyhus, Mari

    2016-01-01

    Sammendrag Denne masteroppgaven har følgende problemstilling: Kan elever gjennom en strukturert metode klare å finne egnet litteratur på biblioteket på egenhånd? Studien oppgaven bygger på har til hensikt å undersøke om elever klarer å finne seg egnet litteratur på skolebiblioteket på egenhånd. Forskning viser at elever som leser på egenhånd for å utvikle lesingen sin, trenger tekster på et umiddelbart lesenivå. Det vil si at elevene skal forstå og kunne avkode 94% av ordene de leser. (Frost ...

  2. Grønland som del af den bibelske fortælling - en 1700-tals studie

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kjærgaard, Kathrine

    2010-01-01

     For missionærerne i Grønland som for de fleste andre i 1700-tallet var Bibelen en historisk sand fortælling om verden, der omfattede hele verdenshistorien fra Skabelsen til de sidste tider. Bibelen var ikke bare en sand historie om fortiden, den var også en sand historie om nutiden og om fremtid...

  3. Different chemical composition of free light, occluded light and extractable SOM fractions in soils of Cerrado and tilled and untilled fielfds, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a pyrolysis-GC/MS study

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Buurman, P.; Roscob, R.

    2011-01-01

    To investigate both the effect of land-use systems on SOM characteristics and the effect of occlusion in aggregates on chemical composition of the occluded fraction, SOM fractions of soils under Cerrado, no-tillage and conventional tillage, were investigated. Free light, occluded light and

  4. Fokus på fremme af livskvalitet og trivsel hos personer med demens gennem læringsmodel med musikterapi og Dementia Care Mapping som det fælles omdrejningspunkt

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ottesen, Aase Marie

    . Beskrivelse af den metode som er anvendt Metodisk er projektet tilrettelagt som et casestudie af et musikterapiforløb. I læringsmodellen tages afsæt i Tom Kitwoods teori og værdigrundlag om en personorienteret omsorg. Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) anvendes i læringsforløbet til at belyse de relationelle møder......, der opstår i musikterapien. Samtidig anvendes DCM som pædagogisk metode i feedbackprocessen med omsorgsgiverne, hvor der arbejdes på at give omsorgsgiverne redskaber til at bruge musik aktivt i deres interaktion med personer med demens i forskellige samværssituationer. Projektets teoretiske...

  5. Arbejdsmiljøseminarer som et redskab til at skabe motivation, ansvarlighed og ejerskab til arbejdet omkring forebyggelse af ulykker i små-, mellemstore og store virksomheder, såvel blandt ansatte som deres ledere

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Louise; Kines, Pete

    2009-01-01

    af arbejdsulykker. Vellykkede arbejdsmiljøseminarer kan være en metode til skabe motivation, ansvarlighed og ejerskab samt at mindske den modstand, der kan være imod forandringerne. Med andre ord at arbejde med nogle af de processer, som kan være svære at få indblik i og overskud til at arbejde med i...

  6. «Ikke stå som en slapp potet» - elevsynspunkter på opplæring i muntlige ferdigheter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sigrun Svenkerud

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Tema for artikkelen er arbeid med muntlige ferdigheter. Jeg studerer hva elever mener de lærer om muntlige ferdigheter og hvordan de erfarer dette arbeidet, inkludert hva slags veiledning og støtte elevene får underveis i arbeids-prosessen. Analysen baserer seg på enkeltintervjuer med tolv elever, sju jenter og fem gutter på 9. trinn (15 år fra to skoler. Resultatet viser at arbeidet med muntlige ferdigheter hovedsakelig består i elevframføringer, som er en relativt fri og elevaktiv arbeidsform. Elevene får lite undervisning og veiledning fra lærerne underveis i arbeidet, og det forventes at de kan arbeide selvstendig. Det er selve utførelsen av de muntlige framføringene elevene definerer som muntlige ferdigheter. Elevene er opptatt av å framstå som frie og sikre talere, og mange øver seg på framføringene hjemme. De har få eksempler på hva de har lært, og få svar på hva de trenger kunnskap om. Det kan være et uttrykk for elevenes begrensede innsikt i kunnskapsområdet for muntlige ferdigheter, men også for at de mangler et begrepsapparat for å formidle hva de kan. For videre arbeid med muntlighet ligger det en utfordring i å utvikle et eksplisitt og bredere repertoar i undervisningsformer knyttet til muntlige ferdigheter.

  7. Discursos em disputa: uma leitura alternativa acerca dos dilemas da ação internacional na Somália durante a década de 1990

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta Regina Fernandez Y Garcia Moreno

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo aborda os dilemas enfrentados pelos atores internacionais nas operações de paz levadas a cabo na Somália na década de 1990. Busca-se evidenciar as narrativas divergentes articuladas pelos Estados Unidos e pelas Nações Unidas vis-à-vis o "Outro" somali. Sugere-se que os principais dilemas experimentados pela ONU e pelos Estados Unidos na Somália não foram de natureza técnica, concernente a problemas de coordenação entre as principais forças envolvidas, como usualmente se argumenta. Diferentemente, argumenta-se que existiu uma disputa de natureza política entre os Estados Unidos e a ONU na Somália, amparada por discursos distintos sobre o "Outro" somali.

  8. Tester og testtilbakemeldinger som direkte bidragsytere til dypere læring blant studenter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henrik Herrebrøden

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Denne artikkelen diskuterer forskning som tilsier at tester og testtilbakemeldinger kan bidra til dypere læring blant studenter. Testing har vist seg å forbedre langtidshukommelsen av innlært kunnskap sammenlignet med repetert lesing, noe som kalles for testeffekten. For at testeffekten skal optimaliseres, bør tester utformes med mål om å bidra til dyp prosessering av innlært kunnskap. Testtilbakemeldingers rolle i utdanning kan være å bidra til økt metakognitiv selvregulering blant studenter. For at selvregulering skal promoteres best mulig, bør testtilbakemeldinger inneholde utdypende informasjon. Samlet ser tester og testtilbakemeldinger ut til å være nyttige læringsverktøy og potensielle bidragsytere til dypere læring blant studenter.AbstractThis article discusses research supporting that tests and test feedback are learning tools that may promote deeper learning among students. Testing improves long-term retention of knowledge compared to repeated study, a phenomenon known as the testing effect. In order to promote the testing effect, tests should facilitate deep processing of knowledge among students. Test feedback has the potential to increase students’ metacognitive self-regulation. For this type of metacognition to be enhanced, feedback should contain elaborate information. Conclusively, tests and test feedback appear to be valuable learning tools and potential promoters of deeper learning.

  9. Influencia del tipo e intensidad de luz en la formación y multiplicación de embriones somáticos de soya

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Liusvert Pérez Pérez

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Influence of light type and intensity on induction and proliferation of somatic embryos in soybean Resumen: La embriogénesis somática representa una alternativa para la regeneración de plantas, sobre la cual influyen diversos factores durante el cultivo in vitro. Entre estos, las condiciones de iluminación durante la formación de embriones somáticos es determinante. Sin embargo, no existen trabajos que refieran el efecto de la luz solar en la formación de embriones somáticos de soya. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del tipo e intensidad de luz en la formación y multiplicación de embriones somáticos de soya cultivar INCASoy-27. Para ello, cotiledones inmaduros de 3,0-4,0 mm de longitud fueron colocados en medio de cultivo con 40 mg.l-1 de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, sacarosa 3% y pH 7,0 en cámaras de crecimiento con luz artificial e intensidades luminosas de 5-10 µmol.m-2.s-1 y 68-73 µmol.m-2.s-1, y en cámaras de crecimiento con luz solar con 50-65µmol.m-2.s-1. El mayor número de cotiledones embriogénicos (95,31 se obtuvo en condiciones de luz artificial con alta intensidad luminosa. La mayor formación de embriones somáticos se obtuvo en luz artificial (9,65 y luz solar (8,45 respectivamente con alta intensidad luminosa. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la multiplicación de los embriones somáticos, al emplear ambas fuente de luz con alta intensidad luminosa. Esta es la primera referencia sobre formación y multiplicación de embriones somáticos de soya con empleo de luz solar. Palabras clave: Cultivo de tejido; embriogénesis somática; fotoperíodo; Glycine max. Abstract: The somatic embryogenesis represents an alternative for the regeneration of plants, in which influence diverse factors during the cultivation. Among these factors, the conditions of illumination during the induction of somatic embryos are determinant. However, works not exist that refer the effect

  10. Optimering av nanocellulosa för tillämpning som papperstyrkeadditiv

    OpenAIRE

    Englöf, Johan

    2015-01-01

    Syftet med projektet var att undersöka hur homogeniserings förhållanden (tryck antal passager och därmed energiinsatsen) vid framställning av MFC (mikrofibrillär cellulosa), från enzymatiskt förbehandlade pappersmassafibrer påverkar hållfastheten av papper förstärkt med MFC. Arbetsgivaren för projektet var Innventia och det laborativa arbetet har utförts i deras lokaler. Fördelen med att använda MFC som tillsats i papper är att arket blir starkare [1]. Detta medför att en mindre mängd materia...

  11. Uso do ultra-som para punção venosa central em paciente obeso com adenomegalia cervical

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaderson Wollmeister

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATICA E OBJETIVOS: As técnicas clássicas para punção venosa central são realizadas com base em referências anatômicas de superfície e conhecimento da anatomia vascular da região em que se realizará a punção. O uso do ultra-som permite a realização da punção sob visão direta das estruturas vasculares, peri-vasculares e da agulha de punção. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o uso do ultra-som no auxílio de acesso venoso central em paciente obeso e com adenomegalias. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, branco, 28 anos, 1,70 m, 120 kg, com diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin esclerose nodular. Solicitado ao Serviço de Anestesiologia do Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, punção de veia jugular interna direita guiada por ultra-som devido à presença de gânglio supraclavicular que prejudicava a referência anatômica de punção e à obesidade do paciente. Após a obtenção da melhor imagem a veia jugular interna esquerda foi puncionada e colocado um cateter venoso de triplo lúmen. A punção foi única, com progressão fácil do cateter e realizada sem complicações. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da ultra-sonografia para punção venosa central pode evitar complicações tornando o procedimento mais seguro para o paciente.

  12. Aplicaciones de la embriogénesis somática para la propagación y mejora de Quercus ilex L. y Pinus spp.

    OpenAIRE

    Blasco Carlos, Miquel

    2013-01-01

    Esta tesis está enfocada a la aplicación de la embriogénesis somática para la conservación y mejora de Quercus ilex L., Pinus pinaster Aiton y Pinus pinea L., especies forestales representativas de los bosques de la Península Ibérica. La propagación clonal mediante embriogénesis somática (ES) es la herramienta más adecuada para la propagación de genotipos de élite y para la implementación de la llamada silvicultura multivarietal. Además los cultivos embriogénicos son explantos adecuados para ...

  13. Clustering self-organizing maps (SOM) method for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA as the main cause of cervical cancer disease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bustamam, A.; Aldila, D.; Fatimah, Arimbi, M. D.

    2017-07-01

    One of the most widely used clustering method, since it has advantage on its robustness, is Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method. This paper discusses the application of SOM method on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA which is the main cause of cervical cancer disease, the most dangerous cancer in developing countries. We use 18 types of HPV DNA-based on the newest complete genome. By using open-source-based program R, clustering process can separate 18 types of HPV into two different clusters. There are two types of HPV in the first cluster while 16 others in the second cluster. The analyzing result of 18 types HPV based on the malignancy of the virus (the difficultness to cure). Two of HPV types the first cluster can be classified as tame HPV, while 16 others in the second cluster are classified as vicious HPV.

  14. Embriogénesis somática en papa cvs. Atlantic y Fritolay-1867

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. C. Sánchez-Enciso

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El empleo del cultivo in vitro de células y tejidos vegetales para la obtención de embriones somáticos, se considera como un método eficiente para la propagación de un número de especies de importancia agronómica y hortícola, entre las que se encuentra la papa Solanum tuberosum L. El objetivo del presente estudio fue la obtención de células embriogénicas a partir de explantes de mesófilo de hoja de papa cultivares Fritolay-1867 y Atlantic. La formación de embriones somáticos de papa ‘Fritolay-1867’ se promovió cuando en el medio de cultivo se utilizó thidiazuron a una concentración de 1.0 mg·litro-1 como regulador del crecimiento, los cuales se cultivaron en medio que contenía sales de Murashige y Skoog complementados con vitaminas, carbohidratos y antioxidantes, incubándose inicialmente durante ocho semanas en oscuridad y posteriormente durante fotoperíodos de 16 h luz a una intensidad de 44 µmol·s-1·m-2 y a una temperatura de 26±1 °C durante 60 días. A las nueve semanas se obtuvieron los primeros inicios de germinación de los embriones con un 5 %, desarrollando en plantas completas

  15. Serous otitis media (S.O.M.). A bacteriological study of the ear canal and the middle ear

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Cabenda, S. I.; Peerbooms, P. G.; van Asselt, G. J.; Feenstra, L.; van der Baan, S.

    1988-01-01

    A bacteriological study of the middle-ear effusions and the ear canals in children with chronic serous otitis media (S.O.M.) was performed. Sixty-eight children (127 ears) were investigated. From this study it appeared that cleansing of the ear canal with 0.5% chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol for 30 s

  16. Musikterapi som bidrag til en tværfaglig og personcentreret demensomsorg

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ridder, Hanne Mette Ochsner

    2015-01-01

    blive belyst i kapitlet og videre anvendt i en argumentation for, at der i omsorgsarbejde med mennesker, som har vanskeligt ved at indgå i fællesskaber pga. en demenssygdom, kan inddrages viden om hvordan netop fællesskab og samvær styrkes af musik. Det indebærer ikke blot viden om, hvad musik er, f...... for overbehandling med antipsykotisk medicin, samt stress og udbrændthed hos de nærmeste omsorgsgivere. Kan vores viden, om hvordan musik kan skabe samvær og er grundlæggende i den menneskelige kommunikation, anvendes i denne sammenhæng? I de nationale retningslinjer for demens anbefaler Sundhedsstyrelsen ’ikke...

  17. Sorg som relation og emotion – konturerne af en kritik af den tiltagende patologisering af sorgen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Michael Hviid

    2017-01-01

    Vi oplever i disse år en stadig større interesse for sorgen som genstandsfelt for forskellige forskningsmæssige initiativer og satsninger samt en stadig mere intensiveret kamp for de ressourcer, der følger med denne udvikling. Selvom vi altid skal byde ny viden velkommen, så bør vi også være vars...

  18. Progression på tid og på tværs. Fremdrift og fleksibilisering som styringsregime på de videregående uddannelser

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Louise Sarauw

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Med den kommende studiefremdriftsreform følger både krav om hurtigere gennemførelse og en fleksibilisering af systemet, der skal lette meritoverførslen og gøre det nemmere at sammenstykke en uddannelse på tværs af institutioner og uddannelser. Artiklen diskuterer de nye tiltag som en bestemt styring af de studerendes uddannelsesnavigation: Hvad sker der, når vi giver den enkelte studerende større frihed til at sammensætte uddannelse på tværs af moduler, der ikke har nogen på forhånd tilrettelagt (faglig progression mellem sig? Vil den øgede valgfrihed medvirke til at motivere de studerende, højne gennemførelsen og gøre dem mere arbejdsmarkedsparate, sådan som regeringen fremlægger det? Og er prisen i givet fald en fragmentering af viden og instrumentel overfladelæring blandt de studerende, sådan som kritikerne foreslår?     The aim of the so-called ‘speed-up’ reform is to cut the time available for students to complete their university studies. One consequence of the reform is the increased requirement for flexibility within the Danish higher education system. To cope with the reform, the system will need to facilitate transfer of credits and make it easier for students to compose more personalized learning portfolios, which can include courses from different institutions and study programmes. The article discusses the possible implications of this new approach to steering students through the higher education system: What happens when we allow the individual student to compose a personal profile from different modules with no intentional progression between them? Will the students’ increased freedom serve to motivate them, make them complete their studies more quickly and make them more fit for the labour market like the Danish government presumes? Or will this be at the expense of leaving students with fragmented knowledge and superficial understandings as suggested by the critics?

  19. Overskridende læring - ADHD problematikken som eksempel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kristensen, Karen-Lis; Mørck, Line Lerche

    2011-01-01

    ADHD er en problematik, der i tiltagende grad fylder i medierne, i forældres bevidsthed, i klasseværelserne, i PPR-praksis og i den specialpædagogiske indsats. ADHD-problematikken er omstridt, og der er således mange forskellige perspektiver på, hvordan vi skal forstå ADHD. Er det udtryk for en...... patologisering af uro? Eller er der tale om genetisk betingede kognitive vanskeligheder med opmærksomhed og impulskontrol? Skyldes ADHD en forkert produktion og koncentration af sporstoffer i hjernen? Eller skyldes det, at kreativitet ikke i samme grad som tidligere kan rummes i skolernes klasseværelser? Er der...... handlesammenhæng, hvor de deltager” (Højholt, 1996: 62), søger vores tilgang på engang bedre både at forstå og fremme børns udvikling. Efter introduktion af teori om overskridende læring eksemplificerer vi tilgangen med to empiriske cases om 5. klasse-drengen, Anton, der ikke ønsker at tage sin medicin mod ADHD og...

  20. Ação do paradiclorobenzeno sôbre os cromossômios somáticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cândida H. T. Mendes Conagin

    1950-01-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados obtidos com Coffea arabica, Allium cepa, Arachis prostrata e Aloë sp., pela aplicação do processo Meyer para o estudo dos cromossômios somáticos. Em linhas gerais, o processo consta das seguintes fases : a tratamento de raízes por uma solução saturada de paradiclorobenzeno ; b fixação em Carnoy ; c hidrólise em HCl a 10%, a 60°C durante dois minutos ; d lavagens em água destilada ; e lavagens em ácido acético a 45% ; f coloração dos esfregaços pela orceína acética. Em virtude dêsse tratamento, os cromossômios se contraem e se apresentam bem separados nas placas metafásicas, sendo facilitada a sua determinação numérica. As constrições, a duplicidade e os satélites nos cromossômios, ficam também postos em evidência. Trata-se de um processo que pode substituir, com a vantagem da rapidez, o processo lento, de exame dos cromossômios somáticos por meio de cortes de material incluído em parafina, nas espécies estudadas.The effects of a prefixation treatment with paradichlorobenzene on the somatic chromosomes of Coffea arabica, Allium cepa, Arachis prostrata and Aloë sp. have been studied. The following schedule was followed for treating root tips : a prefixation in a solution of paradichlorobenzene ; b fixation in Carnoy ; c hydrolisis in 10 per cent HCI for two minutes at 60°C ; d washing in distilled water ; e washing in 45 per cent acetic acid ; f smearing and staining in aceto-orcein. Good smears were obtained with root tips of Coffea arabica, Allium cepa and Aloe sp. The chromosomes of Coffea arabica were well scattered in the cells. The long chromosomes of Allium cepa and Aloe sp. were also well separated from each other. No difference in the chromosomes was noticed in smears made from paradichlorobenzene treated and untreated root tips of Arachis prostrata. This technique can substitute the paraffin method to advantage for counting chromosome number in root tip

  1. Florence Nightingale som symbolsk overgangsfigur i lærebøger for sygeplejersker - et lille stykke sygeplejehistorie

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jørgensen, Emmy Brandt

    2009-01-01

    Artiklen er et lille indlæg om, hvordan man har anvendt Florence Nightingale i danske lærebøger for sygeplejersker som en legitimeringsfigur i forbindelse med forandringer inden for det danske hospitalsvæsen. Perioden, der behandles, er tiden før og efter skiftet til den kliniske medicin i Danmark...

  2. Dor torácica no transtorno de pânico: sintoma somático ou manifestação de doença arterial coronariana?

    OpenAIRE

    Soares Filho,Gastão Luiz Fonseca; Valença,Alexandre Martins; Nardi,Antonio Egidio

    2007-01-01

    O transtorno do pânico (TP) pertence ao grupo dos transtornos de ansiedade caracterizado por repetidos e inesperados ataques de pânico, nos quais predominam os sintomas somáticos e intensa apreensão relacionada à idéia de perda de controle ou morte iminente. Entre os sintomas somáticos que o paciente pode apresentar, a dor torácica exerce papel preponderante, reforçando a idéia de que ele esteja desenvolvendo problema cardiovascular grave, ameaçador à vida, levando à repetida busca por atendi...

  3. Conseqüências da falência de um Estado: pirataria nas águas da Somália

    OpenAIRE

    FARID ZAGO, EVANDRO; KORAI PINHEIRO MINILLO, XAMAN

    2008-01-01

    Anos de falência estatal culminam no

    desenvolvimento, na costa da Somália, do maior pólo

    de pirataria do mundo.

  4. Obstacles to implementing evidence-based practice in Belgium: a context-specific qualitative evidence synthesis including findings from different health care disciplines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hannes, K; Goedhuys, J; Aertgeerts, B

    2012-01-01

    A number of barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice have already been inventoried. However, little attention has been given to their context-specific nature. This qualitative evidence synthesis examines commonalities in the obstacles perceived by different groups of health care practitioners working in the Belgian health care system and sets out to discuss potential strategies to bridge some of these barriers. We actively searched for primary studies addressing our topic of interest in international and national databases (1990 to May 2008), consulted experts and screened references of retrieved studies. We opted for the meta-aggregative approach, developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, to analyse our findings. The findings indicate that (1) evidence might have a limited role in decision-making processes; (2) aspects other than quality of care steer the evidence-based practice agenda; (3) some health care providers benefit less from evidence-based practice than others and (4) there is a lack of competences to put the evidence-based principles in practice. Belgian policy makers might consider health care system characteristics from and strategies developed or suggested by others to respond to country-specific obstacles. Examples include but are not limited to; (a) providing incentives for patient-centred care coordination and patient communication, (b) supporting practitioners interested in applying research-related activities, (c) considering direct access systems and interprofessional learning to respond to the demand for autonomous decision-making from satellite professional groups, (d) systematically involving allied health professionals in important governmental advisory boards, (e) considering pharmaceutical companies perceived as 'the enemy' an ally in filling in research gaps, (f) embedding the evaluation of evidence-based knowledge and skills in examinations (g) moving from (in)formative learning to transformative learning and (h

  5. Modeling soil organic matter (SOM) from satellite data using VISNIR-SWIR spectroscopy and PLS regression with step-down variable selection algorithm: case study of Campos Amazonicos National Park savanna enclave, Brazil

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rosero-Vlasova, O.; Borini Alves, D.; Vlassova, L.; Perez-Cabello, F.; Montorio Lloveria, R.

    2017-10-01

    Deforestation in Amazon basin due, among other factors, to frequent wildfires demands continuous post-fire monitoring of soil and vegetation. Thus, the study posed two objectives: (1) evaluate the capacity of Visible - Near InfraRed - ShortWave InfraRed (VIS-NIR-SWIR) spectroscopy to estimate soil organic matter (SOM) in fire-affected soils, and (2) assess the feasibility of SOM mapping from satellite images. For this purpose, 30 soil samples (surface layer) were collected in 2016 in areas of grass and riparian vegetation of Campos Amazonicos National Park, Brazil, repeatedly affected by wildfires. Standard laboratory procedures were applied to determine SOM. Reflectance spectra of soils were obtained in controlled laboratory conditions using Fieldspec4 spectroradiometer (spectral range 350nm- 2500nm). Measured spectra were resampled to simulate reflectances for Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and EnMap spectral bands, used as predictors in SOM models developed using Partial Least Squares regression and step-down variable selection algorithm (PLSR-SD). The best fit was achieved with models based on reflectances simulated for EnMap bands (R2=0.93; R2cv=0.82 and NMSE=0.07; NMSEcv=0.19). The model uses only 8 out of 244 predictors (bands) chosen by the step-down variable selection algorithm. The least reliable estimates (R2=0.55 and R2cv=0.40 and NMSE=0.43; NMSEcv=0.60) resulted from Landsat model, while Sentinel-2 model showed R2=0.68 and R2cv=0.63; NMSE=0.31 and NMSEcv=0.38. The results confirm high potential of VIS-NIR-SWIR spectroscopy for SOM estimation. Application of step-down produces sparser and better-fit models. Finally, SOM can be estimated with an acceptable accuracy (NMSE 0.35) from EnMap and Sentinel-2 data enabling mapping and analysis of impacts of repeated wildfires on soils in the study area.

  6. Synaptic properties of SOM- and CCK-expressing cells in dentate gyrus interneuron networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Savanthrapadian, Shakuntala; Meyer, Thomas; Elgueta, Claudio; Booker, Sam A; Vida, Imre; Bartos, Marlene

    2014-06-11

    Hippocampal GABAergic cells are highly heterogeneous, but the functional significance of this diversity is not fully understood. By using paired recordings of synaptically connected interneurons in slice preparations of the rat and mouse dentate gyrus (DG), we show that morphologically identified interneurons form complex neuronal networks. Synaptic inhibitory interactions exist between cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing hilar commissural associational path (HICAP) cells and among somatostatin (SOM)-containing hilar perforant path-associated (HIPP) interneurons. Moreover, both interneuron types inhibit parvalbumin (PV)-expressing perisomatic inhibitory basket cells (BCs), whereas BCs and HICAPs rarely target HIPP cells. HICAP and HIPP cells produce slow, weak, and unreliable inhibition onto postsynaptic interneurons. The time course of inhibitory signaling is defined by the identity of the presynaptic and postsynaptic cell. It is the slowest for HIPP-HIPP, intermediately slow for HICAP-HICAP, but fast for BC-BC synapses. GABA release at interneuron-interneuron synapses also shows cell type-specific short-term dynamics, ranging from multiple-pulse facilitation at HICAP-HICAP, biphasic modulation at HIPP-HIPP to depression at BC-BC synapses. Although dendritic inhibition at HICAP-BC and HIPP-BC synapses appears weak and slow, channelrhodopsin 2-mediated excitation of SOM terminals demonstrates that they effectively control the activity of target interneurons. They markedly reduce the discharge probability but sharpen the temporal precision of action potential generation. Thus, dendritic inhibition seems to play an important role in determining the activity pattern of GABAergic interneuron populations and thereby the flow of information through the DG circuitry. Copyright © 2014 the authors 0270-6474/14/348197-13$15.00/0.

  7. Extending an evidence hierarchy to include topics other than treatment: revising the Australian 'levels of evidence'

    Science.gov (United States)

    2009-01-01

    Background In 1999 a four-level hierarchy of evidence was promoted by the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia. The primary purpose of this hierarchy was to assist with clinical practice guideline development, although it was co-opted for use in systematic literature reviews and health technology assessments. In this hierarchy interventional study designs were ranked according to the likelihood that bias had been eliminated and thus it was not ideal to assess studies that addressed other types of clinical questions. This paper reports on the revision and extension of this evidence hierarchy to enable broader use within existing evidence assessment systems. Methods A working party identified and assessed empirical evidence, and used a commissioned review of existing evidence assessment schema, to support decision-making regarding revision of the hierarchy. The aim was to retain the existing evidence levels I-IV but increase their relevance for assessing the quality of individual diagnostic accuracy, prognostic, aetiologic and screening studies. Comprehensive public consultation was undertaken and the revised hierarchy was piloted by individual health technology assessment agencies and clinical practice guideline developers. After two and a half years, the hierarchy was again revised and commenced a further 18 month pilot period. Results A suitable framework was identified upon which to model the revision. Consistency was maintained in the hierarchy of "levels of evidence" across all types of clinical questions; empirical evidence was used to support the relationship between study design and ranking in the hierarchy wherever possible; and systematic reviews of lower level studies were themselves ascribed a ranking. The impact of ethics on the hierarchy of study designs was acknowledged in the framework, along with a consideration of how harms should be assessed. Conclusion The revised evidence hierarchy is now widely used and provides a common

  8. Extending an evidence hierarchy to include topics other than treatment: revising the Australian 'levels of evidence'

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Merlin Tracy

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background In 1999 a four-level hierarchy of evidence was promoted by the National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia. The primary purpose of this hierarchy was to assist with clinical practice guideline development, although it was co-opted for use in systematic literature reviews and health technology assessments. In this hierarchy interventional study designs were ranked according to the likelihood that bias had been eliminated and thus it was not ideal to assess studies that addressed other types of clinical questions. This paper reports on the revision and extension of this evidence hierarchy to enable broader use within existing evidence assessment systems. Methods A working party identified and assessed empirical evidence, and used a commissioned review of existing evidence assessment schema, to support decision-making regarding revision of the hierarchy. The aim was to retain the existing evidence levels I-IV but increase their relevance for assessing the quality of individual diagnostic accuracy, prognostic, aetiologic and screening studies. Comprehensive public consultation was undertaken and the revised hierarchy was piloted by individual health technology assessment agencies and clinical practice guideline developers. After two and a half years, the hierarchy was again revised and commenced a further 18 month pilot period. Results A suitable framework was identified upon which to model the revision. Consistency was maintained in the hierarchy of "levels of evidence" across all types of clinical questions; empirical evidence was used to support the relationship between study design and ranking in the hierarchy wherever possible; and systematic reviews of lower level studies were themselves ascribed a ranking. The impact of ethics on the hierarchy of study designs was acknowledged in the framework, along with a consideration of how harms should be assessed. Conclusion The revised evidence hierarchy is now widely

  9. Fatigue Level Estimation of Bill Based on Acoustic Signal Feature by Supervised SOM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teranishi, Masaru; Omatu, Sigeru; Kosaka, Toshihisa

    Fatigued bills have harmful influence on daily operation of Automated Teller Machine(ATM). To make the fatigued bills classification more efficient, development of an automatic fatigued bill classification method is desired. We propose a new method to estimate bending rigidity of bill from acoustic signal feature of banking machines. The estimated bending rigidities are used as continuous fatigue level for classification of fatigued bill. By using the supervised Self-Organizing Map(supervised SOM), we estimate the bending rigidity from only the acoustic energy pattern effectively. The experimental result with real bill samples shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  10. Fra onlinefællesskaber til onlinenetværk: Facebook som augmentering af den sociale virkelighed [From online communities to online networks: Facebook as an augmentation of social reality] Fra onlinefællesskaber til onlinenetværk: Facebook som augmentering af den sociale virkelighed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jakob Linaa Jensen

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Denne artikel diskuterer Facebook-fænomenet som et symptom på, at sociale anvendelser af nettet bevæger sig fællesskabsorienterede til netværksorienterede. Hvor man i nettets tidlige år ofte brugte nettet til at møde nye mennesker med samme interesser eller holdninger som én selv, er det i dag mere udbredt at skabe og vedligeholde forbindelser med ens eksisterende sociale netværk. Det vises også i artiklen, hvordan Facebooks succes blandt andet kan tilskrives, at det for brugerne opfylder fem funktioner, som man tidligere skulle benytte sig af en række forskellige tjenester for at varetage: selvfremstilling, venskab, objektdeling, publicering og det, jeg vil kalde ”sjette sans”. Herigennem bidrager Facebook til at forstærke eksisterende sociale relationer, det jeg kalder en augmentering af den sociale virkelighed.This article discusses the Facebook phenomenon, using it as an example of how the most dominant social use of the Internet today is network-based rather than community-based. In the early years of the Internet, online communities were popular fora for meeting new people with related interests or opinions. Today, the dominant social use is to create and maintain relationships with your existing social network. It is also demonstrated that the success of Facebook, is dependent, among other factors, upon the fulfilment of five social functions for the users: self-presentation, friendship, object sharing, publication, and having a “sixth sense”. Thus, Facebook contributes to an enhancement of existing social relationships offline, what I call an augmentation of social reality.

  11. Survival and growth of Salmonella and Vibrio in som-fak, a Thai low-salt garlic containing fermented fish product

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bernbom, Nete; Ng, Yin; Paludan-Müller, Christine

    2009-01-01

    and potential growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden, S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus as influenced by the preservation parameters (sodium chloride, garlic and lactic acid) present in the Thai fermented fish product som-fak. The inhibitory effects of sodium...... chloride (0–4%), garlic (0–10%) and lactic acid (pH levels as in som-fak) were measured in modified brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 30 °C. All bacteria were inhibited by 8–10% sodium chloride. Salmonella grew in all concentrations of garlic whereas Vibrio spp. were inhibited by 1.0–1.5%. Lactic acid...... was inhibitory at levels above 1.5%. The combinations of sodium chloride, lactic acid and garlic showed a distinct hurdle effect in the broth system. Neither S. Enteritidis, V. cholerae nor V. parahaemolyticus grew in garlic (0.5–1%), regardless of the level of sodium chloride (0.5–4% (w/v)), when lactic acid (0...

  12. Conseqüências da falência de um Estado: pirataria nas águas da Somália

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EVANDRO FARID ZAGO

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available

    Anos de falência estatal culminam no

    desenvolvimento, na costa da Somália, do maior pólo

    de pirataria do mundo.

  13. Efecto de la morfología de los embriones somáticos en la regeneración de plantas de soya (Glycine max L. Merrill)

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Pérez, Jorge L.; García-Rodríguez, Lourdes; Veitía-Rodríguez, Novisel; Bermúdes-Caraballoso, Idalmis; Collado-López, Raúl; Torres-Rodríguez, Damaris

    2017-01-01

    Los protocolos establecidos para la regeneración de plantas vía embriogénesis somática en soya (Glycine max L. Merrill), son específicos para un número reducido de cultivares, lo que requiere de nuevos estudios que permitan disponer de protocolos más eficientes y reproducibles en un mayor número de genotipos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del tipo de morfología de los embriones somáticos en la germinación y conversión a planta en soya cultivar ʻIncasoy-27ʼ. Se emplearon...

  14. Indução e desenvolvimento de calos e embriões somáticos em mamoeiro Papaya callus and somatic embryo induction and development

    OpenAIRE

    Eliane Pires de Almeida; Roberto Pedroso de Oliveira; Jorge Luis Loyola Dantas

    2001-01-01

    Este trabalho teve por objetivo estabelecer um protocolo para a indução e desenvolvimento de calos e embriões somáticos em mamoeiro (Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung n.1). Foram utilizados quatro tipos de explantes (hipocótilo com folhas cotiledonares, hipocótilo, folhas cotiledonares e epicótilo) e duas condições de cultivo (escuro e 16 horas de luz). A indução e o desenvolvimento de calos foram avaliados nos meios de cultura ½MS2, ½MS10 e HMH e a indução e o desenvolvimento de embriões somático...

  15. Sobre la letra rayada. en torno a la articulación de los códigos somáticos y lingüísticos

    OpenAIRE

    BURlTICÁ, FABIO

    2010-01-01

    Se pretende considerar elproceso de inscripción en el cuerpo, de las huellas de su relación con otros cuerpos, las cuales corifigurarian un código somático primario que -en un proceso de subjetivación normal-se articularia con el código lingüístico. Si el código somático tiene comofunción la expresión del sentido, sobre el lingüístico recae lafunción de expresión de la significación. De esta manera, la palabra se plantea como el sepulcro del sentido y cuna del significado. A...

  16. Online lektiehjælp – Udvikling af en vejledningsdidaktik med pædagogisk designforskning som metode

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jens Jørgen Hansen

    2016-05-01

    af koncepter og modeller som: Lektie-vejlederens kompetenceprofil, Vejledningskompasset, Vejledningens scener og Vejledningsstrategimodellen – og evalueringen af disse modellers pædagogiske værdi. For det andet demonstrerer artiklen, hvordan forskerteamet metodisk har fortolket og udmøntet den pædagogiske designforsknings metode til ud-vikling af en vejledningsdidaktik. -- Homework counselling is a fast growing pedagogical practice where focus is on supporting students in understanding and handling challenges in their homework. Homework counselling is on the political agenda in schools and secondary schools and is offered both internally by the educational institutions as well as private and public operators. Homework counselling however is not established as a theoretical field or as a specific counselling competence. Hence there is a need to conceptualise and devel-op theories about what homework counselling is and how the form of counselling can be handled didactical. In concrete terms the challenge is to develop a nuanced terminology and a modelling of the field to explain the complex practices of homework counselling with the aim to develop and qualify homework counselling as a pedagogical theory and pedagogical practice. This article presents the result of a research project, which aim is to devel-op a counselling didactic, including methods, models and materials for homework counselling within the framework of Homework Online. Home-work Online is an organisation at the State Library in Aarhus, Denmark, which offers a place for online homework guidance where i.a. secondary school students can get help from volunteer university students. This didactical design is an example on how digitisation and new technology acts as a catalyst for developing new innovative learning environments and possibilities for learning, which opens flexible and spaces for learning irrespective of place, allowing interactions with external operators outside the formal school

  17. Efecto de la densidad de inoculación en la formación y morfología de los embriones somáticos de plátano (Musa spp. AAAB, cv. híbrido FHIA-21

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leyanis García-Águila

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Título en inglés: Effect of inoculum density on formation and morphology of plantain somatic embryos (Musa spp. AAAB, cv. Hybrid ‘FHIA-21’ Resumen La embriogénesis somática constituye una interesante propuesta para la propagación masiva de plantas del cultivar híbrido FHIA-21 (Musa AAAB. Sin embargo, se caracteriza por ser un proceso asincrónico, dado por la presencia de embriones somáticos en diferentes etapas de desarrollo ontogénico. La reducción de la asincronía es un aspecto importante para la utilización de este sistema de regeneración en la propagación de plantas. Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la densidad de inoculación sobre la formación y el desarrollo morfológico homogéneo de los embriones somáticos del cv. FHIA-21. Con este propósito se adicionaron 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 y 2,0 g de masa fresca (gMF de agregados celulares embriogénicos en Erlenmeyers (250 ml, que contenían 30 ml de medio de cultivo líquido. Las evaluaciones se realizaron a los 30 días de cultivo con la determinación del número y la longitud de los embriones somáticos (mm. Además de una descripción morfológica e histológica de estos. Los resultados mostraron el efecto regulatorio de la densidad de inoculación en la formación y el desarrollo morfológico de los embriones somáticos. La mayor formación de embriones con un desarrollo morfológico homogéneo se produjo en 1,5 gMF de densidad de inoculación. Esta proporcionó un 86,4% de embriones con una longitud de 0,21 a 4,0 mm, y el estudio de las secciones histológicas mostró evidencias histológicas de la etapa globular. La sincronización durante la formación y el desarrollo de los embriones somáticos del cv. FHIA-21 aumentó la eficiencia del proceso de embriogénesis somática. Palabras clave: histología; morfología; embriogénesis somática; sincronización. Abstract Somatic embryogenesis is an interesting proposal for mass propagation

  18. 'Vi kan rejse og pille lige så godt som de derude.' Kartoffelavlerdansk i det østlige Canada

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kühl, Karoline

    2018-01-01

    Citatet i overskriften vil sandsynligvis efterlade læseren i tvivl om hvad denne artikel handler om. Ytringen er nordamerikansk dansk som det tal(t)es i den lille by New Denmark i provinsen New Brunswick i det østlige Canada, og den handler såmænd om kartoffelavl. New Denmark er et enestående eks...

  19. Ultra-som terapêutico contínuo térmico em modelo experimental de ciatalgia Continuous thermic therapeutic ultrasound in sciatica experimental model

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Polican Ciena

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O ultra-som é um recurso fisioterapêutico que pode atuar na redução dos sintomas da ciatalgia. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia do ultra-som terapêutico, no modo contínuo, em duas diferentes densidades de potência (0,5 W/cm² e 1 W/cm², na redução do quadro álgico em ratos submetidos a modelo experimental de ciatalgia. Foram utilizados 20 ratos, divididos em 3 grupos: G1 (n=6 submetido à ciatalgia e a tratamento placebo; G2 (n=7 submetido à ciatalgia e tratado com ultra-som com 0,5 W/cm²; e G3 (n=7 submetido à ciatalgia e tratado com ultra-som com 1 W/cm². A ciatalgia foi provocada por lesão cirúrgica de compressão do nervo no membro posterior direito de todos os animais. O tratamento na região do procedimento cirúrgico, iniciado no 3º dia pós-operatório, consistiu em 10 sessões diárias de 5 minutos. Verificou-se a dor pelo do tempo de elevação da pata (TEP durante a marcha, medido pré-cirurgia e em mais cinco momentos. Os resultados mostram aumentos no TEP em todos os grupos após a lesão; e, naqueles tratados com ultra-som terapêutico, houve diminuição significativa da TEP, restaurando-se os valores iniciais, sendo mais precoce e intensa em G2. Conclui-se que a entrega na forma continua do ultra-som terapêutico foi eficaz na redução da dor ciática.Therapeutic ultrasound is a physical therapy resource for relieving sciatic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of continuous therapeutic ultrasound in two different power densities (0,5 W/cm² and 1 W/cm², on reducing pain in rats submitted to a sciatica experimental model. Twenty rats were used, divided into 3 groups: G1 (n=6 submitted to sciatica and placebo treatment; G2 (n=7 submitted to sciatica and treated with 0.5 W/cm² ultrasound; and G3 (n=7, submitted to sciatica and treated with 1 W/cm² ultrasound. Sciatica was provoked by surgical nerve compression on the right posterior limb of all animals. Treatment on the

  20. Nitrogenfiksering som en episodisk proces i opstrømnings-området i det østlige tropiske Stillehav

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Jens Tang

    organismer i en lang række områder, hvor man hidtil ikke troede nitrogenfiksering forekom, og det globale kvælstofregnskab er kommet i bedre balance. Næringsrige opstrømnings-områder, som Humboldt-strømmen langs Chile og Peru, har indtil for nylig ikke været steder, hvor man anså denne proces...

  1. A Fucking Tragedy - Krimien som vor tids tragedie? Arne Dahls Europa Blues og Jan Arnalds Övervåld

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kirkegaard, Peter

    2010-01-01

    Artiklen indkredser historisk det halvt opløste genrebegreb 'tragedie' og diskuterer det i forhold til det mere modstandsdygtige og åbne begreb om det tragiske' som en særskilt modalitet. Det sker i sidste ende for at godtgøre, at også den moderne, avancerede krimi - in casu svenske Arne Dahls Eu...

  2. O Estudo de Colisões através do Som

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cavalcante Marisa Almeida

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available O experimento proposto neste artigo permite ao professor de Física estabelecer uma metodologia computacional para o estudo de movimentos e, particularmente, do coeficiente de restituição em colisões através do espectro sonoro emitido por impactos sucessivos de uma esfera em uma superfície plana. O método de medida sugerido, além de requerer um equipamento de fácil acesso, propicia adequada precisão, como revelam os dados obtidos, já que a aquisição é realizada através de placas de som de microcomputadores pessoais, com tempos de resolução, hoje, da ordem de 23 mis para taxas de amostragem de até 44 Khz. Utilizamos um software de análise do espectro sonoro que apresenta o sinal na forma de gráfico de freqüência versus tempo, livremente disponível na Internet e com uma ampla disponibilidade de recursos.

  3. Differences in SOM decomposition and temperature sensitivity among soil aggregate size classes in a temperate grasslands.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qing Wang

    Full Text Available The principle of enzyme kinetics suggests that the temperature sensitivity (Q10 of soil organic matter (SOM decomposition is inversely related to organic carbon (C quality, i.e., the C quality-temperature (CQT hypothesis. We tested this hypothesis by performing laboratory incubation experiments with bulk soil, macroaggregates (MA, 250-2000 μm, microaggregates (MI, 53-250 μm, and mineral fractions (MF, MF>bulk soil >MI(P <0.05. The Q10 values were highest for MA, followed (in decreasing order by bulk soil, MF, and MI. Similarly, the activation energies (Ea for MA, bulk soil, MF, and MI were 48.47, 33.26, 27.01, and 23.18 KJ mol-1, respectively. The observed significant negative correlations between Q10 and C quality index in bulk soil and soil aggregates (P<0.05 suggested that the CQT hypothesis is applicable to soil aggregates. Cumulative C emission differed significantly among aggregate size classes (P <0.0001, with the largest values occurring in MA (1101 μg g-1, followed by MF (976 μg g-1 and MI (879 μg g-1. These findings suggest that feedback from SOM decomposition in response to changing temperature is closely associated withsoil aggregation and highlights the complex responses of ecosystem C budgets to future warming scenarios.

  4. O corpo no teatro de animação: contribuições da educação somática na formação do ator

    OpenAIRE

    Coelho, Marcelle Teixeira

    2011-01-01

    Esse estudo aborda possíveis contribuições da Educação Somática no trabalho corporal do ator no Teatro de Animação. A pesquisa baseou-se na prática pedagógica desenvolvida por Jo Lacrosse e Claire Heggen, professores da École Supérieure Nationale des Arts de la Marionnette, em Charleville- Mézières, França. Ambos os professores utilizam três abordagens somáticas Método Feldenkrais, Eutonia e Técnica de Alexander como suporte para o trabalho corporal do ator animador. As teorias desenvolvida...

  5. Híbridos somáticos obtenidos por fusión de protoplastos entre Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum y la especie silvestre Solanum circaeifolium Bitter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Espejo

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Con la finalidad de obtener híbridos somáticos interespecíficos, se fusionaron protoplastos de la especie tetraploide Solanum tuberosum y de la especie silvestre diploide Solanum circaeifolium utilizando polietilenglicol. Los productos de fusión fueron cultivados en el medio V-KM suplementado con albúmina de suero bovino. Las primeras divisiones celulares ocurrieron a los 3 a 4 días de cultivo. Después de la formación de colonias se observó una rápida proliferación de callos, a partir de los cuales se regeneraron 19 plantas. El análisis molecular usando RAPD, confirmó que los regenerantes presentaban segmentos de ADN de ambos parentales, sugiriendo su posible naturaleza de híbridos somáticos. Las observaciones del número de cromosomas indicaron que todos los híbridos fueron aneuploides. En condiciones de invernadero, los regenerantes derivados de la fusión de protoplastos, mostraron características morfológicas intermedias entre las líneas parentales. Este estudio muestra la producción de híbridos somáticos de papa con el método de fusión presentado.

  6. Caracterização da preferência sistemática por um som em casos de desvio fonológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Keske-Soares, Marcia

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o sistema fonológico de cinco crianças com preferência sistemática por um som de acordo com os estudos de Weiner (1981 e Yavas e Hernandorena (1989, 1991. A amostra está composta por cinco sujeitos (quatro meninos e uma menina, com idade de 6: 4 (S1, 4: 11 (S2, 4: 4 (S3, 5: 5 (S4 e 5: 1 (S5. Os dados de fala foram snalisados através da avaliação fonológica. Para análise da fala utilizaram-se análises contrastiva e de traços. Os sesultados obtidos na análise dos dados de fala dos cinco sujeitos são descritos e comparados aos padrões identificados pelos autores acima citados quanto à preferência sistemática por um som. O S1 apresenta preferência por /s/e/z/, afetando a classe das fricativas; S2, por /f/ e /v/, substituindo fricativas e plosivas; S3, por /t/ e /d/, afetando as fricativas; S4 por /k/ e /g/ afetando plosivas e fricativas; S5, pela global /?/, substituindo fricativas e plosivas. Conclui-se que os resultados confirmam que o nível do desvio é variável, com o sistema fonológico ininteligível devido á perda de contraste. Porém, é necessário estudar um número maior de sujeitos e saber o tipo de desordem para atentar para o diagnóstico e a terapia. Além disso, é importante que os terapeutas da fala, ao detectarem e tratarem o desvio fonológico, conheçam as características dos sistemas com preferência sistemática por um som

  7. E-Læring som pedagogisk virkemiddel for innlæring av anatomi, fysiologi og biokjemi i sykepleierutdanningen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mona Elisabeth Meyer

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Utgangspunktet for studien er at naturvitenskaplige fag, særlig anatomi, fysiologi og biokjemi (AFB, oppleves som vanskelig for sykepleierstudentene. Hensikten var å undersøke om læringsverktøyet e-læring, i form av nettester, kan være et effektivt virkemiddel til innlæring av og påvirke læringsutbyttet i AFB.Førsteårsstudentene i bachelorutdanningen i sykepleie ved Høgskolen i Akershus fikk et spørreskjema med 23 spørsmål som ble besvart anonymt.Resultatet av studentundersøkelsen viste at nettoppgavene ble mye brukt, og at studentene mente de ga et godt læringsutbytte. Nettoppgaver med umiddelbar feedback gir stor studentaktivitet og «time-on-task». Testene kan tette hullet mellom det studentene forventes å kunne og det de faktisk kan, og egner seg til faktafag som m å pugges og forstås. E-læring kan gi god hjelp til studenters strukturering av tid, læringsstrategier og selvregulering.Læringsutbyttet av nettester diskuteres i lys av nytten av umiddelbar feedback i et pedagogisk perspektiv.AbstractThe starting point of the study is that the natural sciences, particularly anatomy, physiology and biochemistry (collectively known as APB, are often difficult subjects for nursing students. The aim was to investigate whether e-learning tools, in terms of web services, can be an effective educational tool and affect learning outcomes in APB.First year students in the Bachelor's degree program in nursing at Akershus University College of Applied Sciences received a questionnaire with 23 questions, which were answered anonymously.The results of the student survey showed that online tasks were widely used, and that students felt they resulted in good learning outcomes. Online training with immediate feedback shows great student activity and “time-on-task.” These tests can close the gap between what the students are expected to know and what they actually do, and is suitable for factual subjects requiring both memorization and

  8. Long-Term Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: A Self-Organising Map (SOM) Approach.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wojtal-Frankiewicz, Adrianna; Kruk, Andrzej; Frankiewicz, Piotr; Oleksińska, Zuzanna; Izydorczyk, Katarzyna

    2015-01-01

    The recognition of long-term patterns in the seasonal dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and cyanobacteria is dependent upon their interactions, the water temperature and the hydrological conditions, which were all investigated between 1999 and 2008 in the lowland Sulejow Reservoir. The biomass of cyanobacteria, densities of D. longispina and L. kindtii, concentration of chlorophyll a and water temperature were assessed weekly from April to October at three sampling stations along the longitudinal reservoir axis. The retention time was calculated using data on the actual water inflow and reservoir volume. A self-organising map (SOM) was used due to high interannual variability in the studied parameters and their often non-linear relationships. Classification of the SOM output neurons into three clusters that grouped the sampling terms with similar biotic states allowed identification of the crucial abiotic factors responsible for the seasonal sequence of events: cluster CL-ExSp (extreme/spring) corresponded to hydrologically unstable cold periods (mostly spring) with extreme values and highly variable abiotic factors, which made abiotic control of the biota dominant; cluster CL-StSm (stable/summer) was associated with ordinary late spring and summer and was characterised by stable non-extreme abiotic conditions, which made biotic interactions more important; and the cluster CL-ExSm (extreme/summer), was associated with late spring/summer and characterised by thermal or hydrological extremes, which weakened the role of biotic factors. The significance of the differences between the SOM sub-clusters was verified by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. The importance of the temperature and hydrological regimes as the key plankton-regulating factors in the dam reservoir, as shown by the SOM, was confirmed by the results of canonical correlation analyses (CCA) of each cluster. The demonstrated significance of hydrology in seasonal plankton dynamics

  9. The biomonitoring and bioremediation of toxic water resulting from municipal waste storage of Somârd, Sibiu county

    OpenAIRE

    Ioan C. Oprea; Dana Malschi; Liviu O. Muntean

    2013-01-01

    This paper presents information from the specialty literature and laboratory experimental results on biomonitoring, phytoextraction, biodegradation, and biotransformation of toxic water pollutants at the biotechnology laboratory of the Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering. The study was conducted in laboratory micro tanks with contaminated water from the municipal landfill water storage pit with toxic bund of Somârd/Medias, Sibiu County, in order to research and develo...

  10. Canticum Novum: música sem palavras e palavras sem som no pensamento de Santo Agostinho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorenzo Mammì

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available NO De Magistro, Santo Agostinho coloca a reza e o canto numa posição similar, à margem das funções imediatamente comunicativas da linguagem. A reflexão agostiniana sobre a reza se baseia nos hábitos cristãos da leitura, da oração e da meditação silenciosas. Há sobre o canto, na prática igualmente inovadora do jubilus, melodia sem palavra destinada aos momentos mais intensos e gaudiosos da liturgia. A oração silenciosa e o jubilus são temas recorrentes da literatura patrística, mas Agostinho os aborda de maneira original, desenhando, a partir das palavras sem som da oração e do som sem palavra do jubilus, o perfil de um discurso interior, que não se destina aos homens, mas a Deus.IN HIS De Magistro Saint Augustine places prayer and song on a similar level, alongside the language immediately communicative functions. His considerations on prayer are grounded on the Christian habits of silent reading, prayer and meditation; those on song, on the equally innovating practice called jubilus, which is melody without words designed for the intensest and most joyous liturgical moments. Silent prayer and jubilus are recurring topics in patristic literature, but Augustine deals with them in an original way, drawing from the soundless words of prayer and the wordless sound of jubilus an inner discourse, addressed not to men but to God.

  11. Machoideal och/eller meningslös underhållning? : Om fem mäns berättelser kring krigsfilmen Saving Private Ryan med fokus på maskulinitet och publiken som meningsskapare.

    OpenAIRE

    Olsson, Eva

    2005-01-01

    Uppsatsen undersöker fem mäns berättelser kring krigsfilmen Saving Private Ryan, med fokus på maskulinitet. Föreställningarna och bilderna kring maskulinitet som kan urskiljas i intervjupersonernas berättelser, knyts till R.W. Connells teoretiska ramverk kring hegemonisk maskulinitet och de hierarkiska relationerna mellan olika maskuliniteter. Vidare resoneras det kring hur berättelserna exemplifierar en syn på mediepublik som aktiva meningsskapare, då intervjupersonerna tar fasta på olika as...

  12. Efecto del pH, la luz y la concentración de sacarosa en la Embriogénesis somática de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisette Valverde Cerdas

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Se llevó a cabo una investigación con el fin de establecer la metodología adecuada para inducir embriogénesis somática en cacao, a partir de semillas maduras. Se estudió el efecto del pH, la luz y la concentración de sacarosa sobre la respuesta embriogénica. Los dos cultivares mostraron diferente respuesta morfogénica y en ambos, estuvo influenciada por el pH, la luz y la concentración de sacarosa. La mejor respuesta embriogénica se obtuvo con un pH de 6,7. El número de embriones producidos fue mayor bajo condiciones de oscuridad que en presencia de luz. La formación de callo y la diferenciación de embriones somáticos estuvo directamente influenciada por la concentración de azúcar en el medio de cultivo. La mayor cantidad de embriones se obtuvo con niveles de sacarosa entre 4% y 6% para el híbrido UF-613xIMC-67 y niveles entre 2% y 4% de sacarosa para el cultivar CATIE-1000. Se presento una embriogénesis somática directa. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la necesidad de continuar realizando estudios con esta especie.

  13. Efeitos do ultra-som de baixa intensidade na veia auricular de coelhos Effects of low intensity ultrasound in the auricular vein of rabbits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Araújo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar a ação do ultra-som na veia auricular de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Vinte coelhos foram divididos em dois grupos de dez animais diferindo com relação ao local da aplicação, do ultra-som, o modo e o intervalo de tempo para a análise histopatológica (3 e 7 dias. Os animais foram submetidos à aplicação de ultra-som contínuo e pulsado em dois segmentos venosos da orelha previamente determinados. Cada animal foi o seu próprio controle. Empregou-se a freqüência de 3MHz, intensidade de 3W/cm² nos ciclos pulsado e contínuo por 10 minutos, de forma estacionária. O grupo I foi submetido a eutanásia após 3 dias e o grupo II em 7 dias contemplando a fase aguda do processo inflamatório. Empregou-se o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mc Nemar para análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Obteve-se trombose venosa e aumento de linfócitos de forma significativa (p= 0,032 nos grupos tratados com o modo contínuo. O modo pulsado não provocou efeitos deletérios. Outros achados foram congestão, edema, hemorragia e lesão da parede vascular. CONCLUSÕES: O ultra-som pulsado não provoca qualquer alteração na parede vascular nas condições do experimento.O ultra-som contínuo induz a trombose venosa e aumento dos linfócitos de forma significativa.PURPOSE: The purpose of this experimental work was evaluate the effects of low intensity in the auricular vein of rabbits. METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided in two groups of ten animals. The groups differed about the place where the continuous and pulsed ultrasound were applied and the period that the material was collected for the morphologic examination (3 and 7 days. Acoustic coupling gel was used on marginal ear vein, each animal underwent continuous and pulsed ultrasound treatment, in segments previously marked with indelible ink. Each animal provided its own control. Ultrasound was used in the frequency of 3MHz, intensity of 3W/cm² in the pulsed and continuous modes during 10min

  14. Metoder til indsamling af internetmateriale og deres effekt på senere analyser - med Facebook som eksempel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Laursen, Ditte; Brügger, Niels; Sandvik, Kjetil

    2017-01-01

    enhver forsker og studerende vil møde, når Facebook i dets dynamiske online form bliver gjort til analyseobjekt gennem arkivering. Konkret illustreres det, hvordan fire specifikke arkiveringsmetoder af webmateriale på hver deres måde giver både begrænset og privilegeret adgang til de originale data og......I dette kapitel undersøges og diskuteres der, hvordan forskellige former for arkivering af digitalt materiale har forskellige implikationer for, hvilke analyser der kan foretages. Dette eksemplificeres med udgangspunkt i webstedet Facebook, og kapitlet diskuterer de metodologiske udfordringer, som...

  15. Phase II trial of SOM230 (pasireotide LAR) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feun, Lynn G; Wangpaichitr, Medhi; Li, Ying-Ying; Kwon, Deukwoo; Richman, Stephen P; Hosein, Peter J; Savaraj, Niramol

    2018-01-01

    A phase II trial of pasireotide was performed to assess its efficacy and safety in advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with advanced HCC and Child-Pugh score ≤7 received pasireotide LAR 60 mg intramuscularly every 28 days. Primary endpoint was disease control rate. Secondary endpoints were time to tumor progression, response rate, treatment-related adverse events, and overall survival. Serum insulin growth factor-1 was measured before and after pasireotide. Twenty patients were treated and evaluable. Eighteen patients (90%) had prior therapy; 16 patients (80%) had multiple therapies. Median age was 65, 75% had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, and 55% had metastatic disease. The main toxicity was hyperglycemia. Rare adverse effects included reversible grade 4 elevation in alanina transaminase/aspartate transaminase in one patient. The best response was stable disease in 9 patients (45%). Median time to tumor progression for the 20 patients was 3 months, and median survival was 9 months. Pasireotide had limited clinical benefit as second-line or third-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic HCC. Low baseline insulin growth factor-1 level may be indicative when SOM230 treatment may be ineffective, and decreasing levels after treatment may be indicative of disease control.

  16. The trophic ecology of key megafaunal species at the Pakistan Margin: Evidence from stable isotopes and lipid biomarkers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jeffreys, Rachel M.; Wolff, George A.; Murty, Sarah J.

    2009-10-01

    The Arabian Sea is subject to intense seasonality resulting from biannual monsoons, which lead to associated large particulate fluxes and an abundance of organic carbon, a potential food source at the seafloor for benthic detritivores. We used the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen alongside lipid analyses to examine potential food sources (particulate and sedimentary organic matter, POM and SOM respectively) in order to determine trophic linkages for the twelve most abundant megafaunal species ( Pontocaris sp., Solenocera sp., Munidopsis aff. scobina, Actinoscyphia sp., Actinauge sp., Echinoptilum sp., Pennatula aff. grandis, Astropecten sp. Amphiura sp. Ophiura euryplax, Phormosoma placenta and Hyalinoecia sp.) at the Pakistan Margin between 140 and 1400 m water depth. This transect spans a steep gradient in oxygen concentrations and POM flux. Ranges of δ 13C and δ 15N values were narrow in POM and SOM (˜4‰ and ˜2‰ for δ 13C and δ 15N, respectively) with little evidence of temporal variability. Labile lipid compounds in SOM originating from phytoplankton did exhibit seasonal change in their concentrations at the shallowest sites, 140 and 300 m. Benthic megafauna had broad ranges in δ 13C and δ 15N (>10‰ and >8‰ for δ 13C and δ 15N, respectively) suggesting they occupy several trophic levels and utilize a variety of food sources. There is evidence for feeding niche separation between and within trophic groups. Lipid biomarkers in animal tissues indicate a mixture of food sources originating from both phytoplankton (C 20:5(n-3) and C 22:6(n-3)) and invertebrate prey (C 20:1 and C 22:1). Biomarkers originating from phytodetritus are conserved through trophic transfer to the predator/scavengers. Six species ( Pontocaris sp., Solenocera sp., Actinoscyphia sp., Echinoptilum sp., Amphiura sp. and Hyalinoecia sp.) showed a significant biochemical response to the seasonal supply of food and probably adapt their trophic strategy to low food

  17. Tunaweza - Vi kan! : Om att använda drama som metod för att stärka unga flickors självkänsla i ett utvecklingsland

    OpenAIRE

    Åman, Julia

    2016-01-01

    I detta examensarbete behandlar jag hur man kan använda drama som metod för att stärka unga flickors självkänsla i ett utvecklingsland. Arbetet kretsar kring de erfarenheter jag fick när jag gjorde mitt konstnärliga examensarbete som dramainstruktör på en grundskola i Tanzania. I kapitel ett, två och tre redogör jag för hur kvinnors situation ser ut i Tanzania, lyfter fram hur fysisk bestraffning påverkar ett barns självkänsla, och framhäver att åsikterna gällande effekt...

  18. Specialestuderendes læringsudfordringer i vejledningen - nudging som handlemulighed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hanne Nexø Jensen

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Specialeskrivere møder læringsudfordringer i skriveprocessen. Hvilke læringsudfordringer, det er, og hvordan studerende og vejledere hånd-terer dem, er artiklens fokus. Empirien er videooptagede vejlednings-møder, hvor der er minimum to optagelser for hver vejleder og stude-rendes forløb. Det teoretiske afsæt er generiske læringsudfordringer i vejledningsprocesser, hvor læring opstår, når de studerende passerer en læringsudfordring. Vejledere kan bruge forståelsen af læringsudfor-dringer til at ”nudge”- plante en idé – som en måde at få studerende til at passere læringsudfordringerne. MA students writing up their final theses encounter a variety of conceptual thresholds during the process. The focus of this article is the identification of different kinds of conceptual threshold, and how the students overcome these obstacles. Video recordings of student supervision meetings provide the data for the analysis. For each supervisor – supervisee at least two recordings are considered. We go on to discuss how supervisors can make use of a conceptual thresholds approach, and nudge students in ways that will help them move on more easily.

  19. Specialestuderendes læringsudfordringer i vejledningen - nudging som handlemulighed

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hanne Nexø Jensen

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Specialeskrivere møder læringsudfordringer i skriveprocessen. Hvilke læringsudfordringer, det er, og hvordan studerende og vejledere hånd-terer dem, er artiklens fokus. Empirien er videooptagede vejlednings-møder, hvor der er minimum to optagelser for hver vejleder og stude-rendes forløb. Det teoretiske afsæt er generiske læringsudfordringer i vejledningsprocesser, hvor læring opstår, når de studerende passerer en læringsudfordring. Vejledere kan bruge forståelsen af læringsudfor-dringer til at ”nudge”- plante en idé – som en måde at få studerende til at passere læringsudfordringerne.  MA students writing up their final theses encounter a variety of conceptual thresholds during the process. The focus of this article is the identification of different kinds of conceptual threshold, and how the students overcome these obstacles. Video recordings of student supervision meetings provide the data for the analysis. For each supervisor – supervisee at least two recordings are considered. We go on to discuss how supervisors can make use of a conceptual thresholds approach, and nudge students in ways that will help them move on more easily.

  20. Validación de la versión española de la escala Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-2 para la evaluación de síntomas somáticos en Atención Primaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margalida Gili

    2015-05-01

    Conclusiones: La versión española de la SOMS-2 constituye un instrumento de cribado eficaz, útil y de fácil administración para la evaluación de los trastornos somatomorfos en AP. Los resultados de sensibilidad, especificidad y consistencia interna son similares a los de estudios previos de validación de la SOMS-2 en otras lenguas europeas.

  1. Characterization of interstitial lung disease in chest radiographs using SOM artificial neural network

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Azevedo-Marques, P.M. de; Ambrosio, P.E.; Pereira, R.R. Jr.; Valini, R. de A.; Salomao, S.C.

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents an automated approach to apply a self-organizing map (SOM) artificial neural network (ANN) as a tool for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction to recognize and characterize radiologic patterns of interstitial lung diseases in chest radiography. After feature extraction and dimensionality reduction a multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN is applied for radiologic patterns classification in normal, linear, nodular or mixed. A leave-one-out methodology was applied for training and test over a database containing 17 samples of linear pattern, 9 samples of nodular pattern, 9 samples of mixed pattern and 18 samples of normal pattern. The MLP network provided an average result of 88.7% of right classification, with 100% of right classification for linear pattern, 55.5% for nodular pattern, 77.7% for mixed pattern and 100% for normal pattern. (orig.)

  2. Molecular environment of stable iodine and radioiodine (129I) in natural organic matter: Evidence inferred from NMR and binding experiments at environmentally relevant concentrations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Chen; Zhong, Junyan; Hatcher, Patrick G.; Zhang, Saijin; Li, Hsiu-Ping; Ho, Yi-Fang; Schwehr, Kathleen A.; Kaplan, Daniel I.; Roberts, Kimberly A.; Brinkmeyer, Robin; Yeager, Chris M.; Santschi, Peter H.

    2012-11-01

    129I is a major by-product of nuclear fission and had become one of the major radiation risk drivers at Department of Energy (DOE) sites. 129I is present at elevated levels in the surface soils of the Savannah River Site (SRS) F-Area and was found to be bound predominantly to soil organic matter (SOM). Naturally bound 127I and 129I to sequentially extracted humic acids (HAs), fulvic acids (FAs) and a water extractable colloid (WEC) were measured in a 129I-contaminated wetland surface soil located on the SRS. WEC is a predominantly colloidal organic fraction obtained from soil re-suspension experiments to mimic the fraction that may be released during groundwater exfiltration, storm water or surface runoff events. For the first time, NMR techniques were applied to infer the molecular environment of naturally occurring stable iodine and radioiodine binding to SOM. Iodine uptake partitioning coefficients (Kd) by these SOM samples at ambient iodine concentrations were also measured and related to quantitative structural analyses by 13C DPMAS NMR and solution state 1H NMR on the eight humic acid fractions. By assessing the molecular environment of iodine, it was found that it was closely associated with the aromatic regions containing esterified products of phenolic and formic acids or other aliphatic carboxylic acids, amide functionalities, quinone-like structures activated by electron-donating groups (e.g., NH2), or a hemicellulose-lignin-like complex with phenyl-glycosidic linkages. However, FAs and WEC contained much greater concentrations of 127I or 129I than HAs. The contrasting radioiodine contents among the three different types of SOM (HAs, FAs and WEC) suggest that the iodine binding environment cannot be explained solely by the difference in the amount of their reactive binding sites. Instead, indirect evidence indicates that the macro-molecular conformation, such as the hydrophobic aliphatic periphery hindering the active aromatic cores and the hydrophilic

  3. Preliminary results on the influence of mineralogy on the turnover rates of SOM from different Hungarian soils

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zacháry, Dóra; Szalai, Zoltán; Jakab, Gergely; Németh, Tibor; Sipos, Péter; Filep, Tibor

    2016-04-01

    Fine textured soils generally considered containing more microbial biomass, and having a lower rate of biomass turnover and organic matter decomposition than coarse textured soils. In spite of this, several recent studies have shown contradicting trends. For example, the relative importance of different clay minerals for stabilizing SOM remains an open question. The aim of this study is to evaluate soil mineralological effect on the turnover of SOM by identifying and quantifying soil phyllosilicates. Our samples are derived from C3 forests and C3 croplands from different sites of Hungary. C4 maize residues are added to the soils in order to get natural 13C enrichment as tracer for the young carbon. Bulk samples of the soils from 0 to 20 cm depth were collected. The samples were dried at room temperature and preincubated in the dark for 4 months at 20 °C. The basic soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity) were analysed after 2 mm sieving and homogenization. The amount of total C and N in the soils and maize residues were analysed using NDIR-chemiluminescent analyzer (Tekmar Dohrman Apollo 9000N). Particle size distribution was determined by laser diffraction (Fritsch Analysette MicroTec 22 plus) and particle imaging method (Malvern Morphologi G3-ID). The mineralological composition of the samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (Philips PW 1730 X-ray diffractometer). Moist soil equivalent to 400 g dry soil mixed with 2 g maize leaves is kept in air tight glass chambers for 183 days at 20°C. The leaves had previously been dried at 60 °C, were cut into pieces and sieved through a 2 mm mesh. The evolved CO2 is trapped by 10 mL 2 M NaOH, which is exchanged on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and subsequently every 31 days. The fractional abundance of 13C of the soils, the plant material and the evolved CO2 is measured with isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Delta V IRMS). Our work show the preliminary results on the link between phyllosilicate

  4. Relationship between chemical structure of soil organic matter and intra-aggregate pore structure: evidence from X-ray computed micro-tomography

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kravchenko, Alexandra; Grandy, Stuart A.

    2014-05-01

    Understanding chemical structure of soil organic matter (SOM) and factors that affect it are vital for gaining understanding of mechanisms of C sequestration by soil. Physical protection of C by adsorption to mineral particles and physical disconnection between C sources and microbial decomposers is now regarded as the key component of soil C sequestration. Both of the processes are greatly influenced by micro-scale structure and distribution of soil pores. However, because SOM chemical structure is typically studied in disturbed (ground and sieved) soil samples the experimental evidence of the relationships between soil pore structure and chemical structure of SOM are still scarce. Our study takes advantage of the X-ray computed micro-tomography (µ-CT) tools that enable non-destructive analysis of pore structure in intact soil samples. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between SOM chemical structure and pore-characteristics in intact soil macro-aggregates from two contrasting long-term land uses. The two studied land use treatments are a conventionally tilled corn-soybean-wheat rotation treatment and a native succession vegetation treatment removed from agricultural use >20 years ago. The study is located in southwest Michigan, USA, on sandy-loam Typic Hapludalfs. For this study we used soil macro-aggregates 4-6 mm in size collected at 0-15 cm depth. The aggregate size was selected so as both to enable high resolution of µ-CT and to provide sufficient amount of soil for C measurements. X-ray µ-CT scanning was conducted at APS Argonne at a scanning resolution of 14 µm. Two scanned aggregates (1 per treatment) were used in this preliminary study. Each aggregate was cut into 7 "geo-referenced" sections. Analyses of pore characteristics in each section were conducted using 3DMA and ImageJ image analysis tools. SOM chemistry was analyzed using pyrolysis/gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the relationships

  5. ORCHIDEE-SOM: modeling soil organic carbon (SOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics along vertical soil profiles in Europe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Camino-Serrano, Marta; Guenet, Bertrand; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan; Ciais, Philippe; Bastrikov, Vladislav; De Vos, Bruno; Gielen, Bert; Gleixner, Gerd; Jornet-Puig, Albert; Kaiser, Klaus; Kothawala, Dolly; Lauerwald, Ronny; Peñuelas, Josep; Schrumpf, Marion; Vicca, Sara; Vuichard, Nicolas; Walmsley, David; Janssens, Ivan A.

    2018-03-01

    Current land surface models (LSMs) typically represent soils in a very simplistic way, assuming soil organic carbon (SOC) as a bulk, and thus impeding a correct representation of deep soil carbon dynamics. Moreover, LSMs generally neglect the production and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils to rivers, leading to overestimations of the potential carbon sequestration on land. This common oversimplified processing of SOC in LSMs is partly responsible for the large uncertainty in the predictions of the soil carbon response to climate change. In this study, we present a new soil carbon module called ORCHIDEE-SOM, embedded within the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which is able to reproduce the DOC and SOC dynamics in a vertically discretized soil to 2 m. The model includes processes of biological production and consumption of SOC and DOC, DOC adsorption on and desorption from soil minerals, diffusion of SOC and DOC, and DOC transport with water through and out of the soils to rivers. We evaluated ORCHIDEE-SOM against observations of DOC concentrations and SOC stocks from four European sites with different vegetation covers: a coniferous forest, a deciduous forest, a grassland, and a cropland. The model was able to reproduce the SOC stocks along their vertical profiles at the four sites and the DOC concentrations within the range of measurements, with the exception of the DOC concentrations in the upper soil horizon at the coniferous forest. However, the model was not able to fully capture the temporal dynamics of DOC concentrations. Further model improvements should focus on a plant- and depth-dependent parameterization of the new input model parameters, such as the turnover times of DOC and the microbial carbon use efficiency. We suggest that this new soil module, when parameterized for global simulations, will improve the representation of the global carbon cycle in LSMs, thus helping to constrain the predictions of the future SOC response to global

  6. Rapport fra VIOL-projektet, Del 2: Technological literacy som udfordring for professioner og uddannelse

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rapporten ”Technological literacy som udfordring for professioner og uddannelse” er del af den samlede afrapportering af projektet ”Velfærdsteknologi, Innovation, Omsorg og Læring” (VIOL). VIOL-projektet er gennemført i et samarbejde mellem University College Sjælland (UCSJ) og Roskilde Universitet...... (RUC) og er støttet af Den Europæiske Socialfond. Projektet er gennemført i perioden januar 2013 til og med februar 2015. Rapporten ”Technological literacy - analyser og erfaringsopsamling på tværs af professioner” samler og formidler en tværgående analyse af projektets erfaringer og resultater med...... særligt fokus på analyser og fortolkninger af ”technological literacy” på tværs af professioner og ud-dannelser....

  7. RICCI and matter collineations of som-roy chaudhary symmetric space time

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramzan, M.; Ahmed, Y.; Mufti, M.

    2018-01-01

    This paper is devoted to explore the RICCI and MCs (Matter Collineations of the Som-Ray Chaudhary spacetime. The spacetime under consideration is one of the spatially homogeneous and rotating spacetimes. Collineations are the some kinds of the Lie symmetries. To discuss the required collineations we have used the RICCI and energy momentum tensors. As the RICCI tensor is formulated from the metric tensor, it must possess its symmetries. RCs (RICCI Collineations) leads to conservation laws. On the other hand for the distribution of matter in the spacetimes, the symmetries of energy momentum tensor or MCs provides conservation laws on matter field. Throughout this paper, these collineations are discussed by vanishing Lie derivative of RICCI and energy momentum tensors respectively. Complete solution of the RCs and MCs equations, which are formed in the result of vanishing Lie derivative are explored. Studying all these collineations in the said spacetime, it has been shown that RCs of the spacetime form an infinite dimensional vector space where as MCs are Killing vector fields. (author)

  8. 'De digitale elever' som genstand for ledelse af læring i folkeskolen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stenbøg, Sofie

    2016-01-01

    Mange børn er i dag allerede fra en tidlig alder erfarne teknologibrugere. Denne omstændighed har fået flere folkeskoler til at medtænke elevernes digitale erfaringer og kompetencer fra fritidslivet som centrale ressourcer i undervisningen. Kapitlet undersøger, hvordan ’de digitale elever’ på...... forskellige måder gøres til genstand for ledelse på en skole, der arbejder med at inddrage elevernes digitale erfaringer og kompetencer gennem digitalt projektarbejde. Kapitlet viser, at der knytter sig en lang række kausale antagelser og forhåbninger til de digitale elever, og at disse virker bestemmende...... for både lærerens ledelsesopgave og rollefordelingen mellem lærer og elever i det digitale projektarbejde. Disse antagelser og forhåbninger diskuteres kritisk i lyset af nyere studier af folkeskoleelevers digitale kompetencer....

  9. Efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico sobre o crescimento longitudinal do fêmur e da tíbia em ratos Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on longitudinal growth of the femur and tibia in rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Alcantara Barreto

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar efeitos do ultra-som terapêutico sobre o crescimento do fêmur e da tíbia, em ratos jovens. MÉTODO: Ratus norvegicus com quatro semanas de vida, machos, totalizando 115 animais, divididos em quatro grupos, foram submetidos ao ultra-som terapêutico (0,8 MHz, cabeçote fixo, pulso contínuo, por dez minutos, durante dez dias, na face medial do joelho direito, nas potências de 0,0 W/cm2 (grupo controle, 0,5 W/cm2 (grupo G2, 1,0 W/cm2 (grupo G3, e 1,5 W/cm2 (grupo G4. Lâminas histológicas da epífise, placa de crescimento e metáfise e as medidas dos comprimentos do fêmur e da tíbia foram estudadas na sexta, décima terceira e vigésima sexta semanas de vida. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância - fatorial inteiramente aleatorizado. RESULTADO: Nenhuma alteração estatística do crescimento ósseo foi estabelecida entre quaisquer dos três grupos tratados e o grupo controle. Entretanto, alterações sugestivas de diminuição do crescimento do fêmur e da tíbia de G4 em relação a G2 e G3, foram evidenciadas. No grupo G4 alterações histopatológicas como necroses celulares e neoformação óssea, pós-necrose, foram encontradas. CONCLUSÃO: Quando comparados os grupos tratados com o grupo controle, não há evidência estatística de estímulo ou inibição ao crescimento ósseo pela aplicação do ultra-som terapêutico. Nível de Evidência: Nível II, estudo coorte transversal.OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of ultrasound therapy on the femur and tibia growth in young rats. METHOD: Four-week-old male Ratus Norvegicus totaling 115 animals, divided into four groups, were submitted to ultrasound therapy (0.8 MHz, fixed tube head, continuous pulse, for 10 minutes, once a day, ten times on the medial face of the right knee, with powers of 0.0 W/cm2 (group G1, 0.5 W/cm2 (group G2, 1.0 W/cm2 (group G3, and 1.5 W/cm2 (group G4. Histological slides of the epiphysis, growth plate and metaphysis and the

  10. Efecto del genotipo sobre la regeneración in vitro de Stevia rebaudiana a través de embriogénesis somática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esther Julia Naranjo

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae, es una planta de gran importancia económica debido a sus propiedades medicinales y a la presencia de compuestos endulzantes en sus hojas, los cuales pueden sustituir la sacarosa en gran variedad de productos utilizados por personas con problemas de diabetes y obesidad. Con el propósito de estandarizar un método de propagación eficiente y efectivo para diferentes genotipos de Stevia cultivados en Colombia, en la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto sobre la inducción y desarrollo de embriones somáticos de diferentes combinaciones de los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal 2,4-D, IAA, IBA, 2iP y Zeatina, además de los suplementos adenina y agua de coco en el medio de cultivo basal Murashige y Skoog (1962, adicionado con glutamina. Con la combinación 2,4-D (18.09 µM y 2iP (7.38 µM se obtuvo el mayor número embriones somáticos por explante con características bien definidas. El genotipo tuvo un efecto significativo en la repuesta embriogénica, en el genotipo "SRQ-93" se logró la formación y el desarrollo de embriones somáticos, mientras que en los genotipos "Bertoni" y "Morita II", solo se obtuvo callo embriogénico y no embriogénico respectivamente. La conversión a plántulas se alcanzó en el medio de regeneración conteniendo GA3 (0.29 µM y carbón activado.

  11. Desenvolvimento motor e crescimento somático de crianças com diferentes contextos no ensino infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Rodrigues, Décio; Avigo, Eric Leal; Leite, Marlon Magnon Valdevino; Bussolin, Robson Alves; Barela, José Angelo

    2013-01-01

    O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes contextos no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e no crescimento somático de crianças no ensino infantil. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças: 25 tiveram educação física com um professor da área e 25 crianças tiveram atividades com o professor responsável pela turma. Crianças foram avaliadas no início e final do ano letivo quanto a dados antropométricos, dobras cutâneas, medidas de atividade física e realizaram...

  12. Bloqueios nervosos guiados por ultra-som Bloqueos nerviosos guiados por ultrasonido Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Escovedo Helayel

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As técnicas de bloqueios nervosos guiados por ultra-som são baseadas na visualização direta das estruturas nervosas, da agulha de bloqueio e das estruturas anatômicas adjacentes. Desta maneira, é possível depositar a solução de anestésico local precisamente em torno dos nervos e acompanhar a sua dispersão em tempo real, obtendo-se, assim, um bloqueio mais eficaz, de menor latência, menor dependência de referências anatômicas, menor volume de solução anestésica e maior segurança. CONTEÚDO: O artigo revisa os aspectos relativos aos mecanismos físicos para formação de imagens, a anatomia ultra-sonográfica do neuroeixo e dos plexos braquial e lombossacral, os equipamentos e materiais empregados nos bloqueios, os ajustes do aparelho de ultra-som para melhorar as imagens, os planos de visualização das agulhas de bloqueio e as técnicas e o treinamento em bloqueios guiados por ultra-som. CONCLUSÕES: Os passos para se obter sucesso em anestesia regional incluem a identificação exata da posição dos nervos, a localização precisa da agulha, sem lesões nas estruturas adjacentes e, finalmente, a injeção cuidadosa de anestésico local junto aos nervos. Embora a neuroestimulação forneça grande auxílio na identificação dos nervos, esta não consegue, isoladamente, preencher todas essas exigências. Por isso, acredita-se que os bloqueios guiados por ultra-som serão a técnica de eleição para anestesia regional num futuro não muito distante.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Las técnicas de bloqueos nerviosos guiados por ultrasonido se basan en la visualización directa de las estructuras nerviosas, de la aguja de bloqueo y de las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. De esa manera, se puede depositar la solución de anestésico local precisamente en torno de los nervios y acompañar su dispersión en tiempo real, obteniéndose así, un bloqueo más eficaz, de menor latencia, menor dependencia de

  13. Influence of the power level of an ultra-sonic system on dental cavity preparation Influência do nível de potência de um sistema de ultra-som em preparos cavitários

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Érika Botelho Josgrilberg

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the shape of dental cavities made with the CVDentus® system using different ultrasound power levels. One standard cavity was made on the buccal aspect of 15 bovine incisors with a CVDentus® cylindrical bur (82142. The sample was divided into three groups: G1 - ultrasound with power II; G2 - ultrasound with power III; and G3 - ultrasound with power IV. A standardizing device was used to obtain standardized preparations and ultrasound was applied during one minute in each dental preparation. The cavities were sectioned in the middle, allowing observation of the cavity’s profile with a magnifying glass, and width and depth measurement using the Leica Qwin program. The Kruskal-Wallis (p O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o formato dos preparos cavitários realizados com o sistema CVDentus® utilizando potências variadas do ultra-som. Uma cavidade padronizada foi realizada na face vestibular de 15 incisivos bovinos utilizando as pontas cilíndricas CVDentus® (82142. A amostra foi dividida em 3 grupos: G1 - ultra-som com potência II; G2 - ultra-som com potência III; e G3 - ultra-som com potência IV. Foi utilizada uma máquina padronizadora de preparos cavitários e o ultra-som foi aplicado durante 1 minuto em cada preparo. As cavidades foram seccionadas no centro, permitindo a visualização do perfil cavitário em uma lupa estereoscópica, e esse foi medido em largura e profundidade por meio do programa Leica Qwin. O teste estatístico Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05 e o método de Dunn demonstraram diferenças entre os formatos das cavidades produzidas com as potências III e IV. Entretanto, as cavidades realizadas com a potência III apresentaram dimensões semelhantes às da ponta utilizada. Concluiu-se que a potência indicada pelo fabricante (III é a mais adequada para uso do sistema CVDentus®.

  14. Terapias somáticas para transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento Somatic therapies for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders

    OpenAIRE

    Raphael J Braga; Georgios Petrides

    2007-01-01

    OBJETIVO: O presente artigo é uma revisão do conhecimento atual relativo às terapias somáticas em psiquiatria, com foco em transtornos psiquiátricos resistentes ao tratamento usual. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa computadorizada da literatura no Medline utilizando as palavras "eletroconvulsoterapia", "estimulação magnética transcraniana", "terapia magnética convulsiva", "estimulação do nervo vago" e "estimulação cerebral profunda", com todos os termos traduzidos para o idioma inglês. Refe...

  15. Hvilke emner mener du som praktiserende læge, at der skal forskes i?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ølgod, Jutta

    1997-01-01

    Knapt 100 alment praktiserende læger angav i en enquete, at man efterlyste forskning på en lang række felter. De tre hyppigst nævnte var "lægernes udbrændthed og manglende trivsel", "rygproblemer" og "psykosomatiske problemstillinger". Derudover udtryktes også stor interesse for "læge-patient for......Knapt 100 alment praktiserende læger angav i en enquete, at man efterlyste forskning på en lang række felter. De tre hyppigst nævnte var "lægernes udbrændthed og manglende trivsel", "rygproblemer" og "psykosomatiske problemstillinger". Derudover udtryktes også stor interesse for "læge......-patient forholdet", "definition af lægernes arbejdsområder", "rollen som forebygger og sundhedsfremmer" og "samarbejdsforhold". Resultaterne blev fremlagt på det 3. almenmedicinske forskningsseminar i Køge i 1996. Udgivelsesdato: 1997/7/15...

  16. Bearing Condition Recognition and Degradation Assessment under Varying Running Conditions Using NPE and SOM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shaohui Zhang

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Manifold learning methods have been widely used in machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. However, the results reported in these studies focus on the machine faults under stable loading and rotational speeds, which cannot interpret the practical machine running. Rotating machine is always running under variable speeds and loading, which makes the vibration signal more complicated. To address such concern, the NPE (neighborhood preserving embedding is applied for bearing fault classification. Compared with other algorithms (PCA, LPP, LDA, and ISOP, the NPE performs well in feature extraction. Since the traditional time domain signal denoising is time consuming and memory consuming, we denoise the signal features directly in feature space. Furthermore, NPE and SOM (self-organizing map are combined to assess the bearing degradation performance. Simulation and experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  17. Segmentation of Natural Gas Customers in Industrial Sector Using Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Masbar Rus, A. M.; Pramudita, R.; Surjandari, I.

    2018-03-01

    The usage of the natural gas which is non-renewable energy, needs to be more efficient. Therefore, customer segmentation becomes necessary to set up a marketing strategy to be right on target or to determine an appropriate fee. This research was conducted at PT PGN using one of data mining method, i.e. Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The clustering process is based on the characteristic of its customers as a reference to create the customer segmentation of natural gas customers. The input variables of this research are variable of area, type of customer, the industrial sector, the average usage, standard deviation of the usage, and the total deviation. As a result, 37 cluster and 9 segment from 838 customer data are formed. These 9 segments then employed to illustrate the general characteristic of the natural gas customer of PT PGN.

  18. Desenvolvimento motor e crescimento somático de crianças com diferentes contextos no ensino infantil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Décio Rodrigues

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes contextos no desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e no crescimento somático de crianças no ensino infantil. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças: 25 tiveram educação física com um professor da área e 25 crianças tiveram atividades com o professor responsável pela turma. Crianças foram avaliadas no início e final do ano letivo quanto a dados antropométricos, dobras cutâneas, medidas de atividade física e realizaram os subtestes do TGMD-2. No início do ano letivo, nenhuma diferença foi observada entre os grupos. No final do ano letivo, crianças que tiveram atividades com o professor da sala apresentaram redução no nível de atividade física, enquanto que crianças com educação física com o professor especialista apresentaram manutenção no nível de atividade física e melhor desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras. O envolvimento em diferentes contextos de aulas de educação física não é suficiente para promover alteração somática em crianças ao longo do ano letivo. Entretanto, educação física com o professor especialista melhora o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais e promove manutenção do nível de atividade física em crianças no ensino infantil.

  19. Inducción de la embriogénesis somática en mango de hilacha (Mangifera indica L.).

    OpenAIRE

    Juana Marcela Córdoba Sánchez; Margarita Perea Dallos

    2005-01-01

    En esta investigación se estudió el establecimiento de un medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática a partir de embriones cigóticos y tejido nuclear de frutos inmaduros de mango de hilacha. Se ensayaron nueve tratamientos de desinfección resultantes de la combinación
    de tres concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (2,5, 3,5 y 4,5%), aplicadas durante tres intervalos de tiempo (30, 45 ó 60 min.). Para el establecimiento del medio de cultivo para la inducción de...

  20. Inducción de la embriogénesis somática en mango de hilacha (mangifera indica l.).

    OpenAIRE

    Córdoba Sánchez, Juana Marcela; Perea Dallos, Margarita

    2011-01-01

    En esta investigación se estudió el establecimiento de un medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogénesis somática a partir de embriones cigóticos y tejido nuclear de frutos inmaduros de mango de hilacha. Se ensayaron nueve tratamientos de desinfección resultantes de la combinaciónde tres concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (2,5, 3,5 y 4,5%), aplicadas durante tres intervalos de tiempo (30, 45 ó 60 min.). Para el establecimiento del medio de cultivo para la inducción de la embriogé...

  1. Appendix D: Use of wave scenarios to assess potential submerged oil mat (SOM) formation along the coast of Florida and Alabama

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dalyander, P. Soupy; Long, Joseph W.; Plant, Nathaniel G.; Thompson, David M.

    2013-01-01

    During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, oil in the surf zone mixed with sediment in the surf zone to form heavier-than-water sediment oil agglomerates of various size, ranging from small (cm-scale) pieces (surface residual balls, SRBs) to large mats (100-m scale, surface residue mats, SR mats). Once SR mats formed in the nearshore or in the intertidal zone, they may have become buried by sand moving onshore or alongshore. To assist in locating possible sites of buried oil, wave scenarios previously developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) were used to determine the depths at which surface oil had the potential to mix with suspended sediment. For sediment to mix with floating oil and form an agglomerate of sufficient density to sink to the seafloor, either the water must be very shallow (e.g., within the swash zone) or sediment must be suspended to the water surface in sufficient concentrations to create a denser-than-sea water agglomerate. The focus of this study is to analyze suspended sediment mixing with surface oil in depths beyond the swash zone, in order to define the seaward limit of mat formation. A theoretical investigation of sediment dynamics in the nearshore zone revealed that non-breaking waves do not suspend enough sediment to the surface to form sinking sand/oil agglomerates. For this study, it was assumed that the cross-shore distribution of potential agglomerate formation is associated with the primary breaker line, and the presence of plunging breakers, over the time frame of oiling. The potential locations of submerged oil mats (SOMs) are sites where (1) possible agglomerate formation occurred, where (2) sediment accreted post-oiling and buried the SOM, and where (3) the bathymetry has not subsequently eroded to re-expose any mat that may have formed at that site. To facilitate identification of these locations, the range of water level variation over the time frame of oiling was also prescribed, which combined with the wave-breaking depth

  2. Efeito da remoção de células somáticas pela microfiltração sobre a lipólise do leite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Veiga dos Santos

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da retirada mecânica das células somáticas do leite cru sobre a taxa de lipólise durante o armazenamento refrigerado do leite pasteurizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi totalmente casualizado, com três repetições e arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 2 X 2 X 2, constituídos por dois nível de gordura do leite (desnatado e integral, dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas (CCS baixa - CCSB e CCS alta - CCSA, e pela aplicação ou não da microfiltração ao leite. Três lotes de leite cru CCSB (75.000 cél./mL e CCSA (1.150.000 cél./mL foram obtidos de vacas selecionadas e submetidos ao desnate centrífugo, à microfiltração em sistema a vácuo, sendo em seguida pasteurizados e armazenados por 21 dias sob refrigeração a 6ºC. Foram realizadas medidas repetidas no tempo, as quais corresponderam aos dias de coleta do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento (1, 7, 14 e 21. A microfiltração associada ao desnate foram eficazes na remoção das células somáticas do leite, com reduções de 92,5 e 99,5% para o leite CCSB e CCSA, respectivamente. A lipólise do leite aumentou em função do tempo de armazenamento e foi maior para o leite microfiltrado, contudo não sofreu influência da CCS. Independentemente da CCS, ocorreu aumento da lipólise do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento.

  3. Lärplatta som verktyg för elever i behov av särskilt stöd! : En specialpedagogisk studie om hur elever i åk 4-7 använder lärplatta i klassrummet och hur uppföljning av användningen sker

    OpenAIRE

    Lindgren, Ditte; Nordström, Ulrika

    2017-01-01

    Studiens syfte var att få kunskap om hur lärplatta används som verktyg för elever i behov av särskilt stöd i åk 4-7, samt om lärplattan används utifrån specialpedagogens syfte för den enskilda eleven med den. Använda datainsamlingsmetoder är kvalitativa intervjuer med specialpedagoger, lärare och elever, samt elevobservationer. De frågeställningar som studien sökt svar på är: i vilket syfte valdes lärplatta som verktyg av specialpedagog för elever i behov av särskilt stöd, hur använder elever...

  4. Análisis de patrones morfológicos y anatómicos en la embriogénesis somática del banano Williams (AAA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maribel Ramírez-Villalobos

    2012-01-01

    Resumen: La embriogénesis somática representa una herramienta esencial en el mejoramiento genético y en la micropropagación clonal masiva de bananos mejorados. En el presente trabajo se analizaron los patrones morfológicos y anatómicos que ocurren durante la embriogénesis somática del banano Williams, dirigidos a conocer y mejorar este proceso. En la investigación se establecieron suspensiones celulares embriogénicas (SCE a partir de callo embriogénico obtenido de manos florales inmaduras masculinas, las cuales originaron abundantes embriones que regeneraron plantas. Hacia los tres meses de cultivo se detectaron embriones somáticos (ES primarios color blanco-crema en las manos florales de los nudos nueve a doce, contados a partir del ápice floral. Al cuarto mes estos ES primarios dieron origen al callo embriogénico, de color blanco crema, estructura granular, con abundantes ES torpedo en su periferia y con una organización celular en tres diferentes zonas. De este callo se cultivaron porciones pequeñas con ES torpedo en medio de multiplicación durante dos meses, dando origen a la SCE I. La misma se tamizó (250 µm para establecer la SCE II. El sedimento de células y los agregados celulares embriogénicos de ambas SCE se trasladó a medio de maduración. Transcurridos dos meses los embriones maduros se transfirieron a medio de conversión de embriones, lográndose regenerar plantas completas a partir de las dos semanas. Las SCE produjeron numerosos embriones somáticos maduros y mostraron una buena conversión de embriones a plantas y regeneración de plantas. Este sistema de embriogénesis somática permitió la obtención de plantas funcionales en nueve meses.   Palabras clave: Musa, callo embriogénico, suspensiones celulares embriogénicas, embriones maduros, conversión de embriones. Abreviaturas: SCE suspensión celular embriogénica. Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis represents an essential tool for the genetic improvement and for the mass

  5. Glömda Kriser : En studie av hur ideella organisationer marknadsför humanitära och miljömässiga risker och kriser som allmänheten tappat intresse för

    OpenAIRE

    Josephsen, Anna; Nilsson, Michael

    2014-01-01

    Hösten 2012 släppte organisationen Läkare Utan Gränser en rapport under titeln Kriserna Svenskarna Glömt. I denna uppmärksammas det faktum att det finns flera humanitära kriser i världen som allmänheten i Sverige inte känner till. Organisationen benämner dessa som “glömda kriser”. Anledningen till den låga kännedomen hos allmänheten är, enligt rapporten, en bristande mediebevakning av kriserna. Begreppet glömda kriser bygger till stor del på idén om att en kris eller en risk kan lida av ett o...

  6. Sintomas somáticos de depressão em pacientes portadores de retocolite ulcerativa idiopática Síntomas somáticos de depresión en pacientes con rectocolitis ulcerosa idiopática Somatic symptoms of depression in patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Taís de Souza Serafim

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar os sintomas depressivos mais freqüentes entre portadores da doença Retocolite Ulcerativa Idiopática (RCUI e compará-los a um grupo de controle. MÉTODO: A amostra compôs-se de 100 indivíduos adultos portadores de RCUI que freqüentavam o Ambulatório de Doenças Inflamatórias do Cólon do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo que foram comparados a 100 indivíduos isentos da doença. Após os procedimentos éticos devidos todos responderam ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck. RESULTADOS: Dos 21 sintomas depressivos, seis mostraram valores estatísticos significativos para: distorção da imagem corporal, inibição para o trabalho, fadiga, perda do apetite, preocupação somática e diminuição de libido. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que os doentes apresentaram com mais freqüência sintomas depressivos da esfera somática quando comparados ao grupo de controle. A similaridade dos sintomas entre a doença e os sintomas depressivos faz com que os doentes sejam freqüentemente subdiagnosticados.OBJETIVO: Identificar los síntomas depresivos más frecuentes entre portadores de la enfermedad Rectocolitis Ulcerativa Idiopática (RCUI y compararla a un grupo de control. MÉTODO: La muestra estuvo compuesta de 100 individuos adultos portadores de RCUI que frecuentaban El Consultorio Externo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Colon del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Sao Paulo que fueron comparados con 100 individuos libres de la enfermedad. Después de los respectivos procedimientos éticos todos respondieron al Inventario de Depresión de Beck. RESULTADOS: De los 21 síntomas depresivos, seis mostraron valores estadísticos significativos para: distorsión de la imagen corporal, inhibición para el trabajo, fatiga, pérdida del apetito, preocupación somática y disminución de la libido. CONCLUSIÓN: Se verificó que los enfermos presentaron

  7. 'Black star': uma mutação somática natural da uva fina de mesa cv. Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Roberto,Sergio Ruffo; Assis,Adriane Marinho de; Genta,Werner; Yamamoto,Lilian Yukari; Sato,Alessandro Jefferson

    2012-01-01

    A uva fina de mesa 'Black Star', originada de uma mutação somática da uva cv. Brasil em Marialva-PR, é descrita quanto às suas principais características físico-químicas e produtivas. Suas bagas, com sementes, apresentam formato elipsoide alongado com coloração vermelho-escura, tendendo ao preto durante a maturação plena. O ciclo, o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham-se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis ...

  8. Spatial variation in size at onset of maturity of female southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii around Tasmania, Australia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caleb Gardner

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available P align=justify>The size at onset of maturity (SOM of female Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875 was estimated at 50 sites around Tasmania, Australia, based on the presence of ovigerous setae. There was a distinct spatial cline with the largest SOM being found at northwestern sites and the smallest at southwestern sites. Variation in SOM between sites was substantial and ranged from 59 mm to 112 mm carapace length. The observed decline in SOM from north to south was the reverse of that described for the same species at similar latitudes in New Zealand, which suggests that SOM in J. edwardsii is regulated by factors in addition to temperature. The effect of density on female SOM was investigated by comparing SOM estimates from two marine reserves with adjacent fished sites; however, there was no evidence of a decline in SOM with increasing density as predicted. A model of SOM predicted by latitude and longitude is described to facilitate spatial modelling of lobster stocks. The substantial and predictable spatial variation in SOM implies that management of this fishery would be improved by incorporating spatial elements, such as regional legal minimum size limits.

  9. Ultra-som terapêutico na cicatrização tecidual Therapeutic ultrasound in the tissue healing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Débora Cristina Olsson

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Visando a minimizar o período de tratamento cicatricial em diversos tecidos, buscam-se alternativas à terapia convencional que colaborem com o processo reparativo criando um microambiente ideal para sua ocorrência. Dentre os inúmeros benefícios das técnicas aplicáveis à medicina regenerativa, o ultra-som terapêutico (UST é prática adjuvante cada vez mais freqüente. Os modelos experimentais de terapia sonora em animais têm propiciado informações relevantes para o tratamento de vários tipos de lesões; todavia, apesar de serem muito utilizados, ainda existem controvérsias em relação aos seus potenciaia biológicos de acordo com a modalidade e a dosimetria indicadas para cada caso. Os efeitos biofísicos do ultra-som (US sobre o reparo tecidual são pouco compreendidos, sendo seu uso muitas vezes negligenciado ou fundamentado na experiência prática, o que resulta em procedimentos errôneos. O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é apresentar informações sobre o UST, relatar a existência de riscos de danos celulares decorrentes da inadequada aplicação e revelar a importância de seus mecanismos de ação nos tecidos, tanto no sentido físico, como nos seus aspectos biológicos.Aiming to minimize the cicatricial treatment period, alternatives have been searched to conventional therapy, among which the therapeutic ultrasound is a practice more and more frequent. However, despite of being used in the treatment of various lesions types, there are still controversies related to its real therapeutical value and the indicated dosimetry for each case. The ultrasound effect on the tissue repair is little understood, and its use is seldom based on the practical experience, what sometimes results in wrong procedures. This review has the objective to show the therapeutic ultrasound information and to reveal the importance of its mechanisms in the tissues in the physical and biological aspects.

  10. Apology in the criminal justice setting: evidence for including apology as an additional component in the legal system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petrucci, Carrie J

    2002-01-01

    The criminal justice system has reached unprecedented scope in the United States, with over 6.4 million people under some type of supervision. Remedies that have the potential to reduce this number are continually being sought. This article analyzes an innovative strategy currently being reconsidered in criminal justice: the apology. Despite a legal system that only sporadically acknowledges it, evidence for the use of apology is supported by social science research, current criminal justice theories, case law, and empirical studies. Social psychological, sociological and socio-legal studies pinpoint the elements and function of apology, what makes apologies effective, and concerns about apology if it were implemented in the criminal justice system. Theoretical evidence is examined (including restorative justice, therapeutic jurisprudence, crime, shame, and reintegration) to explore the process of apology in the criminal justice context. Attribution theory and social conduct theory are used to explain the apology process specifically for victims and offenders. A brief examination of case law reveals that though apology has no formal place in criminal law, it has surfaced recently under the federal sentencing guidelines. Finally, empirical evidence in criminal justice settings reveals that offenders want to apologize and victims desire an apology. Moreover, by directly addressing the harmful act, apology may be the link to reduced recidivism for offenders, as well as empowerment for victims. This evidence combined suggests that apology is worthy of further study as a potentially valuable addition to the criminal justice process. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  11. Segmentation and profiling consumers in a multi-channel environment using a combination of self-organizing maps (SOM method, and logistic regression

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seyed Ali Akbar Afjeh

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Market segmentation plays essential role on understanding the behavior of people’s interests in purchasing various products and services through various channels. This paper presents an empirical investigation to shed light on consumer’s purchasing attitude as well as gathering information in multi-channel environment. The proposed study of this paper designed a questionnaire and distributed it among 800 people who were at least 18 years of age and had some experiences on purchasing goods and services on internet, catalog or regular shopping centers. Self-organizing map, SOM, clustering technique was performed based on consumer’s interest in gathering information as well as purchasing products through internet, catalog and shopping centers and determined four segments. There were two types of questions for the proposed study of this paper. The first group considered participants’ personal characteristics such as age, gender, income, etc. The second group of questions was associated with participants’ psychographic characteristics including price consciousness, quality consciousness, time pressure, etc. Using multinominal logistic regression technique, the study determines consumers’ behaviors in each four segments.

  12. E-materialer, som de forstås og bruges – en undersøgelse af forskelle i forståelsen af e-læring i hhv. et universitets- og forskningsbiblioteks-forankret regi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Hvid Stenalt

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Artiklen belyser, hvordan e-materialer, som et område inden for e-læring, omtales og forstås på tværs af universitetsrelaterede netværk. Artiklens hypotese er, at der er en forskel mellem universitetsforankret og forskningsbiblioteksforankret diskurs om e-materialer, og at denne diskrepans slører samarbejdsmuligheder og udviklingsmuligheder. Forfatterne argumenterer for at (genåbne diskursen angående e-materialer for at fremme den brede e-læring på universiteterne. I artiklen forholder forfatterne sig til artikler om e-materialer, der er publiceret i Tidsskriftet for Læring & Medier og til Statsbibliotekets e-materialer, som de præsenteres og formidles på bibliotekets hjemmeside.

  13. Conjunction of wavelet transform and SOM-mutual information data pre-processing approach for AI-based Multi-Station nitrate modeling of watersheds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nourani, Vahid; Andalib, Gholamreza; Dąbrowska, Dominika

    2017-05-01

    Accurate nitrate load predictions can elevate decision management of water quality of watersheds which affects to environment and drinking water. In this paper, two scenarios were considered for Multi-Station (MS) nitrate load modeling of the Little River watershed. In the first scenario, Markovian characteristics of streamflow-nitrate time series were proposed for the MS modeling. For this purpose, feature extraction criterion of Mutual Information (MI) was employed for input selection of artificial intelligence models (Feed Forward Neural Network, FFNN and least square support vector machine). In the second scenario for considering seasonality-based characteristics of the time series, wavelet transform was used to extract multi-scale features of streamflow-nitrate time series of the watershed's sub-basins to model MS nitrate loads. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering technique which finds homogeneous sub-series clusters was also linked to MI for proper cluster agent choice to be imposed into the models for predicting the nitrate loads of the watershed's sub-basins. The proposed MS method not only considers the prediction of the outlet nitrate but also covers predictions of interior sub-basins nitrate load values. The results indicated that the proposed FFNN model coupled with the SOM-MI improved the performance of MS nitrate predictions compared to the Markovian-based models up to 39%. Overall, accurate selection of dominant inputs which consider seasonality-based characteristics of streamflow-nitrate process could enhance the efficiency of nitrate load predictions.

  14. Social-Ecological Patterns of Soil Heavy Metals Based on a Self-Organizing Map (SOM: A Case Study in Beijing, China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Binwu Wang

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The regional management of trace elements in soils requires understanding the interaction between the natural system and human socio-economic activities. In this study, a social-ecological patterns of heavy metals (SEPHM approach was proposed to identify the heavy metal concentration patterns and processes in different ecoregions of Beijing (China based on a self-organizing map (SOM. Potential ecological risk index (RI values of Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cu, As, Cd and Pb were calculated for 1,018 surface soil samples. These data were averaged in accordance with 253 communities and/or towns, and compared with demographic, agriculture structure, geomorphology, climate, land use/cover, and soil-forming parent material to discover the SEPHM. Multivariate statistical techniques were further applied to interpret the control factors of each SEPHM. SOM application clustered the 253 towns into nine groups on the map size of 12 × 7 plane (quantization error 1.809; topographic error, 0.0079. The distribution characteristics and Spearman rank correlation coefficients of RIs were strongly associated with the population density, vegetation index, industrial and mining land percent and road density. The RIs were relatively high in which towns in a highly urbanized area with large human population density exist, while low RIs occurred in mountainous and high vegetation cover areas. The resulting dataset identifies the SEPHM of Beijing and links the apparent results of RIs to driving factors, thus serving as an excellent data source to inform policy makers for legislative and land management actions.

  15. Subpopulations of somatostatin-immunoreactive nonpyramidal neurons in the amygdala and adjacent external capsule project to the basal forebrain: evidence for the existence of GABAergic projection neurons in the cortical nuclei and basolateral nuclear complex

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander J. McDonald

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available The hippocampus and amygdala are key structures of the limbic system whose connections include reciprocal interactions with the basal forebrain (BF. The hippocampus receives both cholinergic and GABAergic afferents from the medial septal area of the BF. Hippocampal projections back to the medial septal area arise from nonpyramidal GABAergic neurons that express somatostatin (SOM, calbindin (CB, and neuropeptide Y (NPY. Recent experiments in our lab have demonstrated that the basolateral amygdala, like the hippocampus, receives both cholinergic and GABAergic afferents from the BF. These projections arise from neurons in the substantia innominata and ventral pallidum. It remained to be determined, however, whether the amygdala has projections back to the BF that arise from GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons. This question was investigated in the present study by combining Fluorogold (FG retrograde tract tracing with immunohistochemistry for GABAergic nonpyramidal cell markers, including SOM, CB, NPY, parvalbumin, calretinin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD. FG injections into the basal forebrain produced a diffuse array of retrogradely labeled neurons in many nuclei of the amygdala. The great majority of amygdalar FG+ neurons did not express nonpyramidal cell markers. However, a subpopulation of nonpyramidal SOM+ neurons, termed long range nonpyramidal neurons (LRNP neurons, in the external capsule, basolateral amygdala, and cortical and medial amygdalar nuclei were FG+. About one-third of the SOM+ LRNP neurons were CB+ or NPY+, and one-half were GAD+. It remains to be determined if these inhibitory amygdalar projections to the BF, like those from the hippocampus, are important for regulating synchronous oscillations in the amygdalar-BF network.

  16. Consideraciones sobre el empleo de antisueros somáticos en la clasificación por serotipos de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    OpenAIRE

    Moya, Aniel; Callicó, Adriana; Cedré, Bárbara

    2007-01-01

    El lipopolisacárido (LPS) de bacterias gramnegativas se emplea en el desarrollo de candidatos vacunales, como antígeno expuesto en la preparación o formando parte de esta para aumentar su poder inmunogénico. Sin embargo, esta estructura química de la membrana externa puede ser también utilizada para clasificar bacterias. Según el LPS, presente en la membrana externa bacteriana, Pseudomonas aeruginosa se puede clasificar en 20 tipos somáticos diferentes, clasificación muy útil para estudios ep...

  17. Análisis histórico del crecimiento somático de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi frente a la costa central de Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Cerna

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió el crecimiento somático del stock de merluza común frente a la costa central de Chile, mediante la aplicación de la ecuación de Von Bertalanffy (vB con un modelo No-lineal de Efecto Mixto, sobre los datos edad-talla actual proveniente de la lectura de otolitos realizada por el Instituto de Fomento Pesquero desde 1972. Se estimó la tasa de crecimiento promedio para cada año, desde 1972 a 2009 y se analizaron los parámetros y curvas de crecimiento de vB, agrupados en tres periodos, seleccionados en referencia a importantes variaciones en la biomasa del stock, a saber: 1972-1990, 1991-2003 y 2004-2009. Los resultados indicaron que la tasa de crecimiento promedio mostró variaciones interanuales que no superan ± 1,5 cm LT en torno al promedio histórico de machos y hembras, no mostrando una tendencia persistente hacia el aumento o disminución sostenida. Las curvas de crecimiento obtenidas con los parámetros (vB estimados para los tres periodos indicados, mostraron tanto en hembras como en machos, trayectorias similares hasta los 7 y 8 años de edad, respectivamente. Variaciones posteriores a estas edades se podrían deber a la disminución de los peces de mayor tamaño en la distribución, removidos por el efecto selectivo de la pesca que efectivamente ocasiona variaciones en las curvas ajustadas, pero estas variaciones no son el reflejo de cambios en el crecimiento somático de esas edades en la población. Los resultados permiten concluir que el crecimiento somático de merluza común no ha variado en forma importante desde 1972, los cambios que se observan en peces de mayor edad es probable que obedezcan a causas distintas a la denso-dependencia.

  18. The strategic use of evidence on teacher education

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bjerre, Jørn; Reimer, David

    2014-01-01

    Denne artikel analyserer tre forskellige rapporter. Alle rapporter omhandler læreruddannelse, er produceret af forskellige analyseinstitutter i Danmark og er brugt som evidens indenfor uddannelsessektoren. Analysen identificerer kritiske metodologiske og konceptuelle forhold, der er relateret til...

  19. Molecular characterization of soil organic matter from native vegetation–pasture–sugarcane transitions in Brazil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oliveira, Dener Márcio da Silva, E-mail: denermsoliveira@gmail.com [University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 11 Páduas Dias Avenue, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP (Brazil); Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, 1231 East Drive, 80523-1499 Fort Collins, CO (United States); Schellekens, Judith; Cerri, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino [University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 11 Páduas Dias Avenue, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP (Brazil)

    2016-04-01

    Replacing pastures (PA) with sugarcane (SG) has been deemed an agronomically feasible strategy for sugarcane expansion in Brazil. However, there are some uncertainties about the environmental impacts regarding this land use change (LUC), mainly related to soil organic matter (SOM), a key factor of environmental sustainability of Brazilian ethanol. LUC-related losses of SOM can overcome the C savings from biofuels. The molecular composition of SOM was evaluated to understand the C dynamics regarding LUC from PA to SG, using native vegetation (NV) as reference. Our study area was located in the south-central region of Brazil. Soil sampling was performed at three depths (0–0.1 m, 0.2–0.3 m and 0.9–1 m) in three representative sites with known LUC history and management practice since 1970. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) was chosen to study SOM chemistry. Content and isotopic composition of soil organic C and N were also determined. The LUC caused decreases on C and N contents and on δ{sup 13}C isotopic values. Depth was the major factor that influenced SOM composition, while the influence of LUC was mainly evident in surface soils and diminished rapidly with depth. The main difference in SOM composition undergoing the conversion PA-SG was a higher contribution from compounds associated to fresh litter inputs. The high contribution from fresh litter, having a relatively low mean residence time and increasing decomposition rates, is probably a major factor that drives C losses in areas undergoing sugarcane expansion. - Graphical abstract: We chose 3 sites in Brazil (1) and collected soil samples in areas undergoing LUC pasture–sugarcane (2) to evaluate SOM composition using Py–GC/MS (3). The LUC causes shifts on SOM signature (4), highlighting the increase of fresh litter compounds in sugarcane areas (5). - Highlights: • Effect of land use change (LUC) on SOM composition in Brazilian soils • Py-GC/MS of NaOH extractable SOM

  20. Embriogénesis somática de Citrus macrophylla Wester con el empleo del Pectimorf® y análogos de brasinoesteroides

    OpenAIRE

    Lourdes Bao Fundora; Reina M. Hernández Ortiz; Esther Diosdado Salces; María Isabel Román; Clara González Arencibia; Alejandro Rojas Álvarez; Alianny Rodríguez Valdés

    2013-01-01

    Título en ingles: Somatic embryogenesis of Citrus macrophylla Wester using Pectimorf® and analogues of brassinosteroids Resumen Los cítricos son frutales muy utilizados como patrones de injerto. Para incrementar la cantidad de estos cultivos en las plantaciones citrícolas, se pueden usar técnicas de propagación in vitro como la embriogénesis somática, que requiere medios de cultivos artificiales y fitohormonas. Debido a los altos costos de las fitohormonas, una alternativa cubana es e...

  1. Implementation of Self Organizing Map (SOM) as decision support: Indonesian telematics services MSMEs empowerment

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tosida, E. T.; Maryana, S.; Thaheer, H.; Hardiani

    2017-01-01

    Information technology and communication (telematics) is one of the most rapidly developing business sectors in Indonesia. It has strategic position in its contribution towards planning and implementation of developmental, economics, social, politics and defence strategies in business, communication and education. Aid absorption for the national telecommunication SMEs is relatively low; therefore, improvement is needed using analysis on business support cluster of which basis is types of business. In the study, the business support cluster analysis is specifically implemented for Indonesian telecommunication service. The data for the business are obtained from the National Census of Economic (Susenas 2006). The method used to develop cluster model is an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) system called Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) algorithm. Based on Index of Davies Bouldin (IDB), the accuracy level of the cluster model is 0.37 or can be categorized as good. The cluster model is developed to find out telecommunication business clusters that has influence towards the national economy so that it is easier for the government to supervise telecommunication business.

  2. Skrivepædagogik i lyset af Forenklede Fælles Mål, sproglig udvikling som tværgående tema og læringsmålstyret undervisning

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christensen, Mette Vedsgaard

    Det tværgående tema Sproglig udvikling anviser, hvordan der blandt andet kan arbejdes med skrivning og sproglig udvikling i fag. Med udgangspunkt i udviklingsprojekter relateret til sproglig udvikling og et udviklingsprojekt om skrivepædagogik i en 7.klasse med genrepædagogik som ramme præsentere...... bud på en opdateret skrivepædagogik med udgangspunkt i FFM....

  3. Biochar effect on the mineralization of soil organic matter

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sander Bruun

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to verify whether the addition of biochar to the soil affects the degradation of litter and of soil organic matter (SOM. In order to investigate the effect of biochar on the mineralization of barley straw, soil was incubated with 14C-labelled barley straw with or without unlabelled biochar. To investigate the effect of straw on the mineralization of biochar, soil was incubated with 14C-labelled biochar with or without straw. In addition, to investigate the effect of biochar on old SOM, a soil labelled by applying labelled straw 40 years ago was incubated with different levels of biochar. All experiments had a control treatment, without any soil amendment. The effect of biochar on the straw mineralization was small and nonsignificant. Without biochar, 48±0.2% of the straw carbon was mineralized within the 451 days of the experiment. In comparison, 45±1.6% of C was mineralized after biochar addition of 1.5 g kg-1. In the SOM-labelled soil, the organic matter mineralized more slowly with the increasing doses of biochar. Biochar addition at 7.7 g kg-1 reduced SOM mineralization from 6.6 to 6.3%, during the experimental period. The addition of 15.5 g kg-1 of biochar reduced the mineralized SOM to 5.7%. There is no evidence of increased degradation of either litter or SOM due to biochar addition; consequently, there is no evidence of decreased stability of SOM.

  4. Evidences on the Ability of Mycorrhizal Genus Piloderma to Use Organic Nitrogen and Deliver It to Scots Pine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heinonsalo, Jussi; Sun, Hui; Santalahti, Minna; Bäcklund, Kirsi; Hari, Pertti; Pumpanen, Jukka

    2015-01-01

    Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed to link plant photosynthesis and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the production of fungal enzymes which promote SOM degradation and nitrogen (N) uptake. However, laboratory and field evidence for the existence of these processes are rare. Piloderma sp., a common ECM genus in boreal forest soil, was chosen as model mycorrhiza for this study. The abundance of Piloderma sp. was studied in root tips and soil over one growing season and in winter. Protease production was measured from ectomycorrhiza and soil solution in the field and pure fungal cultures. We also tested the effect of Piloderma olivaceum on host plant organic N nutrition in the laboratory. The results showed that Piloderma sp. was highly abundant in the field and produced extracellular proteases, which correlated positively with the gross primary production, temperature and soil respiration. In the laboratory, Piloderma olivaceum could improve the ability of Pinus sylvestris L. to utilize N from extragenous proteins. We suggest that ECM fungi, although potentially retaining N in their hyphae, are important in forest C and N cycling due to their ability to access proteinaeous N. As Piloderma sp. abundance appeared to be seasonally highly variable, recycling of fungal-bound N after hyphal death may therefore be of primary importance for the N cycling in boreal ecosystems. PMID:26132469

  5. Phase II trial of SOM230 (pasireotide LAR in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Feun LG

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Lynn G Feun,¹ Medhi Wangpaichitr,² Ying-Ying Li,¹ Deukwoo Kwon,³ Stephen P Richman,¹ Peter J Hosein,¹ Niramol Savaraj¹,² ¹Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, ²Department of Surgery, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, ³Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA Background: A phase II trial of pasireotide was performed to assess its efficacy and safety in advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC.Patients and methods: Patients with advanced HCC and Child–Pugh score ≤7 received pasireotide LAR 60 mg intramuscularly every 28 days. Primary endpoint was disease control rate. Secondary endpoints were time to tumor progression, response rate, treatment-related adverse events, and overall survival. Serum insulin growth factor-1 was measured before and after pasireotide.Results: Twenty patients were treated and evaluable. Eighteen patients (90% had prior therapy; 16 patients (80% had multiple therapies. Median age was 65, 75% had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, and 55% had metastatic disease. The main toxicity was hyperglycemia. Rare adverse effects included reversible grade 4 elevation in alanina transaminase/aspartate transaminase in one patient. The best response was stable disease in 9 patients (45%. Median time to tumor progression for the 20 patients was 3 months, and median survival was 9 months.Conclusion: Pasireotide had limited clinical benefit as second-line or third-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic HCC. Low baseline insulin growth factor-1 level may be indicative when SOM230 treatment may be ineffective, and decreasing levels after treatment may be indicative of disease control. Keywords: pasireotide, hepatocellular carcinoma, insulin growth factor-1 

  6. Contagem de células somáticas e produção de leite em vacas holandesas de alta produção Somatic cells count and milk yield in high production Holstein cows

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arlei Coldebella

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available A mastite bovina pode ser clínica, com sinais visíveis, e subclínica, diagnosticada pela contagem das células somáticas. As perdas econômicas causadas pela mastite subclínica devem ser quantificadas para atender à demanda nacional de produtos lácteos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se as perdas na produção de leite, pelo aumento do número de células somáticas, são proporcionais ou independentes do nível de produção. Foram utilizadas 7.756 observações, colhidas mensalmente de um único rebanho, de setembro de 2000 a junho de 2002. A curva de lactação foi modelada pela função gama incompleta, e os efeitos de ordem de lactação, época do parto, ocorrência de doenças no periparto e escore de condição corporal ao parto também foram considerados. A contagem de células somáticas foi incluída nesse modelo como fator multiplicativo, representando perdas relativas, e como fator aditivo, representando perdas absolutas. A escolha do melhor modelo foi baseada no critério de informação de Schwarz (BIC. As perdas são absolutas, evidentes a partir de 14.270 células/mL e para cada aumento de uma unidade na escala do logaritmo natural a partir desse valor, estimam-se perdas de 184 e 869 g/dia para vacas primíparas e multíparas, respectivamente.The goal of this paper was to evaluate if losses in milk yield due to increase in somatic cells count are proportional or independent of the level of production. A total of 7,756 observations, monthly collected from a single herd from September/2000 up to June/2002, were used. The lactation curve was modeled by the incomplete gamma function, considering the effects of lactation order, calving season, peripartum disorder incidence and body condition score at calving. Somatic cells count was added to the model as a multiplicative factor, representing relative losses, and as an additive factor, representing absolute losses. The best model was chosen based on the information

  7. Uso de colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en playas de “la Costa Verde”, Lima–Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hinsby Cadillo Quiroz

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de los colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en aguas recreacionales marinas. Los colifagos somáticos fueron cuantificados en 140 muestras provenientes de 5 playas del circuito de la “Costa Verde”, Lima, y correlacionados con los indicadores de contaminación fecal convencionales (Coliformes fecales, E. coli y Enterococos. Los colifagos fueron determinados por el método de “capa simple” previa aplicación de la técnica modificada de “filtración de la muestra” y utilizando a E. coli ATCC 13706 como cepa hospedero. Los Coliformes fecales (CF, E. coli (EC y Enterococos (EN fueron cuantificados por el método del Número Más Probable (NMP. Para efectos de análisis estadístico se consideró niveles de contaminación fecal en función de valores arbitrarios de <1000 CF/100 mL (“baja contaminación” y >1000 CF/100 mL (“alta contaminación”. Las playas evaluadas presentaron niveles de contaminación fecal de <3 a 2,4 x 105 CF y EC y <3 a 2,4 x 104 EN. En las muestras con “baja contaminación” fecal, el 32% de los recuentos de los colifagos fueron mayores que los de CF y EC; miemtras que en las muestras con “alta contaminación” ningún recuento de colifagos superó a los de CF o EC. Por otro lado, de acuerdo al análisis estadístico de componentes principales los colifagos y Enterococos fueron los mejores indicadores de contaminación fecal en las playas evaluadas. Asimismo, se determinó correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre colifagos, CF y EC; siendo mayor en muestras con alta contaminación (r = 0,89 que en aquellas con baja contaminación (r = 0,43. Mediante la cuantificación de colifagos en las muestras evaluadas se determinó estadísticamente el valor de 115 UFP/100 mL como criterio calificativo de balneabilidad para las playas de la zona evaluada. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados los colifagos som

  8. Fatigue level estimation of monetary bills based on frequency band acoustic signals with feature selection by supervised SOM

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teranishi, Masaru; Omatu, Sigeru; Kosaka, Toshihisa

    Fatigued monetary bills adversely affect the daily operation of automated teller machines (ATMs). In order to make the classification of fatigued bills more efficient, the development of an automatic fatigued monetary bill classification method is desirable. We propose a new method by which to estimate the fatigue level of monetary bills from the feature-selected frequency band acoustic energy pattern of banking machines. By using a supervised self-organizing map (SOM), we effectively estimate the fatigue level using only the feature-selected frequency band acoustic energy pattern. Furthermore, the feature-selected frequency band acoustic energy pattern improves the estimation accuracy of the fatigue level of monetary bills by adding frequency domain information to the acoustic energy pattern. The experimental results with real monetary bill samples reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  9. Pasienten som medvirker og kunnskapshåndterer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available En forutsetning for en kunnskapsbasert helsetjeneste er at pasienter tas med i beslutninger om egen og andres helse. Dette forutsetter tilgang på pålitelig kunnskap og kompetanse i å ta den i bruk. Den sentrale arenaen for pasientmedvirkning er møtet mellom pasient og helsearbeider, men andre viktige områder for medvirkning omfatter beslutninger på system- og politisk nivå. Tiltak for å fremme pasienters tilgang til pålitelig helseinformasjon kan deles i tre kategorier. Den første dreier seg om at forskere, helsepersonell og andre fagfolk kvalitetssikrer, oppsummerer og formidler den beste tilgjengelige kunnskapen. Den andre relaterer hovedsakelig til nettbasert informasjon, der informasjonen blir filtrert enten manuelt av eksperter eller ved bruk av automatiske søkemotorer. Tiltak i den tredje kategorien er opplæring av pasienter, for eksempel i form av kurs, eller i bruk av sjekklister og andre ressurser, for å styrke deres kompetanse i kritisk vurdering av forskning.Austvoll-Dahlgren A, Johansen M. The patient as participant and knowledge manager. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2: 225-230.ENGLISH SUMMARYA prerequisite for an evidence based health care is that patients take part in decisions about their own and others' health care. This requires access to reliable information and competence in applying it. The central arena for patient participation is the meeting between patient and health professional, but other important areas of involvement include decisions at the system and policy levels. Measures to promote patient access to reliable health information can be divided into three categories. The first entails that researchers, health personnel and other professionals quality assess, summarise and communicate the best available evidence. The second relates mainly to online information and how information is filtered either manually by experts or by automated search engines. The third types of measures are those where patients are

  10. Embriogénesis somática y producción de callo embriogénico friable de dos cultivares de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Camilo Ochoa

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Somatic Embryogenesis and friable embryogenic callus production in two cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz Resumen: La yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz es un cultivo de alta importancia en países tropicales. La transformación genética de yuca ha sido posible desde hace 15 años mediante la producción que callo embriogénico friable (CEF a partir de embriones somáticos. En el presente trabajo se evalúan la inducción de embriones somáticos usando tres diferentes auxinas sintéticas y la producción de CEF a partir de éstos en los cultivares de yuca SG107-35 y BRA685. Estos cultivares son resistentes a la bacteriosis vascular de yuca cuyo agente causal es Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, una de las principales limitantes del cultivo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en ambos cultivares la hormona Picloram a una concentración de 12 mg/l fue más eficiente que 2,4-D y Dicamba para producir embriones somáticos. Adicionalmente se consiguió la producción de CEF y la regeneración de plantas mediante embriogénesis somática en el cultivar BRA685. Los resultados del presente trabajo son importantes para evaluar la transformabilidad de distintos cultivares de yuca. Actualmente este número es bastante reducido principalmente porque la producción de CEF es fuertemente influenciada por el genotipo. Por tal razón solo se transforma de manera rutinaria y eficiente en el cultivar 60444. La posibilidad de transformación de distintos cultivares de yuca permitirá explotar la enorme variabilidad del cultivo, invitándonos a aumentar los esfuerzos para mejorar y universalizar los protocolos de transformación de yuca. Palabras clave: Picloram, regeneración, dependencia del genotipo.  Abstract: The cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz crop has a very important role as a food, feed and a raw material in developing countries; therefore it is a priority to develop technologies oriented to the solution of problems and

  11. Fermentation and microflora of plaa-som, a Thai fermented fish product prepared with different salt concentrations

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Paludan-Müller, Christine; Madsen, M.; Sophanodora, P.

    2002-01-01

    % salt (w/w) as well as two high-salt batches, containing 9% and 11% salt. pH decreased rapidly from 6 to 4.5 in low-salt batches, whereas in high-salt batches, a slow or no decrease in pH was found. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were isolated as the dominant microorganisms during fermentation....... LAB counts increased to 108-109 cfu g-1 and yeast counts to 107-5 x 107 cfu g-1 in all batches, except in the 11% salt batch, where counts were 1-2 log lower. Phenotypic tests, ITS-PCR, carbohydrate fermentations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified LAB isolates as Pediococcus pentosaceus......Plaa-som is a Thai fermented fish product prepared from snakehead fish, salt, palm syrup and sometimes roasted rice. We studied the effects of different salt concentrations on decrease in pH and on microflora composition during fermentation. Two low-salt batches were prepared, containing 6% and 7...

  12. Discrimination between Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Using SOM and PSO-SVM

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shih-Ting Yang

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available In this study, an MRI-based classification framework was proposed to distinguish the patients with AD and MCI from normal participants by using multiple features and different classifiers. First, we extracted features (volume and shape from MRI data by using a series of image processing steps. Subsequently, we applied principal component analysis (PCA to convert a set of features of possibly correlated variables into a smaller set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables, decreasing the dimensions of feature space. Finally, we developed a novel data mining framework in combination with support vector machine (SVM and particle swarm optimization (PSO for the AD/MCI classification. In order to compare the hybrid method with traditional classifier, two kinds of classifiers, that is, SVM and a self-organizing map (SOM, were trained for patient classification. With the proposed framework, the classification accuracy is improved up to 82.35% and 77.78% in patients with AD and MCI. The result achieved up to 94.12% and 88.89% in AD and MCI by combining the volumetric features and shape features and using PCA. The present results suggest that novel multivariate methods of pattern matching reach a clinically relevant accuracy for the a priori prediction of the progression from MCI to AD.

  13. Fissura palatina reparada: fechamento velofaríngeo antes e durante o som basal Cleft palate repair: velopharyngeal closure before and during the basal tone

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giseane Conterno

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Portadores de fissura palatina apresentam inadequado fechamento velofaríngeo (FVF, com consequente hipernasalidade vocal que pode ser diminuída com o som basal. OBJETIVO: Comparar o FVF durante a realização do som basal com a emissão em registro modal, em pacientes com fissura palatina pós-forame reparada. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de Casos com quatro homens adultos, portadores de fissura palatina pós-forame reparada. Imagens do FVF por nasofaringoscopia, durante a emissão da vogal [a] em registro modal e basal. Julgamento das imagens realizado por quatro otorrinolaringologistas. RESULTADOS: Em três sujeitos, não houve mudança no tipo de FVF entre os registros analisados; as modificações que ocorreram na maioria dos sujeitos referem-se apenas ao grau de movimentação das estruturas envolvidas, pois, em registro basal, o movimento das paredes laterais da faringe se manteve, o movimento da parede posterior da faringe estabilizou, o movimento do véu palatino diminuiu discretamente, e a Prega de Passavant se evidenciou. CONCLUSÕES: O tipo de FVF se manteve em três dos quatro sujeitos analisados, quando comparado o registro modal com o basal, havendo modificações no grau da movimentação das estruturas envolvidas, evidenciando a Prega de Passavant.Patients with palatine fissure have inadequate velopharyngeal closure (VPC, with consequent vocal hypernasality which can be reduced by a basal tone. AIM: to compare VPC during a basal tone with the emission of a modal recording, in patients with repaired post-foramen palatine fissure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: case study with four adult men, all with repaired post-foramen palatine fissure. VPC images through nasal-pharyngoscopy during the emission o f the [a] vowel in a modal and basal recording. The images were studied by four ENTs. RESULTS: in three subjects there was no change in the type of VPC considering the recordings analyzed; the changes which happened to most of the subjects

  14. "Positive people always win" : en studie av hur kvinnor som livestreamar på Twitch.tv upplever interaktionen med sina tittare i kanalchatten

    OpenAIRE

    Thoresen, Josef; Elfwendahl, Sofia

    2017-01-01

    I denna studie har vi undersökt kvinnor som livestreamar sitt datorspelande på hemsidan Twitch.tv och deras erfarenheter gällande chattkommentarer på deras livesändningar. Vi har främst fokuserat på negativa chattkommentarer och hur dessa påverkar kvinnorna, då tidigare forskning redan har visat på att kvinnor utsätts för fler trakasserier än män, både generellt på internet och på Twitch.tv (Nakandala, Ciampaglia, Su & Ahn. 2016). Vidare ville vi också se hur kvinnorna hanterar dessa nega...

  15. Inducción de callos embriogénicos y formación de proembriones somáticos en Pterogyne nitens Tull "tipa colorada"

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maritza Vacca Molina

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en español: Inducción de callos embriogénicos y formación de proembriones somáticos en Pterogyne nitens Tull "tipa colorada" Título en ingles: Embriogenic calli induction and somatic proembryo  formation in Pterogyne nitens Tull Título corto: Callo embriogénico y  proembriones somáticos en Pterogyne nitens Tull Resumen: Pterogyne nitens es un árbol que crece en bosques húmedos del Norte de la Argentina. Por su calidad maderera la especie se utiliza en forestación, reforestación o enriquecimiento de bosques nativos. Una alternativa a los métodos convencionales de propagación son las técnicas de cultivo de tejidos vegetales mediante el uso de la embriogénesis somática. El objetivo del presente trabajo es inducir la formación de callos embriogénicos y la obtención de proembriones somáticos evaluando la influencia del tipo de explanto, tipo y concentración de reguladores de crecimiento y composición del medio basal. Para la inducción de callos embriogénicos se utilizan explantos  extraídos de hojas cotiledonares, foliolos, tallos y raíces de  plántulas de dos meses de edad. Se emplean tres medios de cultivos MSC, MS50 y MSMOD. Cada medio de cultivo se suplementa con 2,4-D ó ANA en distintas concentraciones. A los 45 días los explantos provenientes de hojas cotiledonares en los medios de MSC con 2,4-D en concentraciones de  67.87, 107.41, 113.12, 135.74 y 180.99 µM, se logra en mayor proporción la formación de masas callosas amarillas. Con 107.41 µM de 2,4-D en el medio MSC se observa la formación de estructuras proembrionarias. Los segmentos radiculares en todos los tratamientos evaluados, no desarrollan callos. Palabras clave: Tipa colorada, micropropagación, embriogénesis, forestales, leguminosa. Abstract: Pterogyne nitens is a tree that grows in wet forests of Northern Argentina. Due to its quality timber especies are used in afforestation, reforestation or enrichment of native forests. An

  16. Inducción de embriogénesis somática en Alstroemeria spp.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cruz Ivan Guillermo

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Esta investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de inducir la embriogénesis somática en el genotipo de Alstroemeria AAZ59 como alternativa ante las dificultades que presenta su propagación y por su importancia como flor de corte. A tal fin, se evaluó el tipo de explante con mayor potencial embriogénico y su interacción con reguladores de crecimiento, la consistencia del medio de cultivo y el fotoperiodo. Así mismo, se probaron cinco reguladores de crecimiento: 2,4-D, tidiazuron (TDZ, picloran, bencilaminopurina (BAP y ácido indolbutírico (AIB, en tres combinaciones y diferentes concentraciones; también se evaluaron medios de cultivo sólidos con adición de 5,7 g/l de agar y medios líquidos. Se estudiaron diferentes tipos de explantes: tres tipos de hojas en diferentes estados de desarrollo y segmentos de pedicelo provenientes de plantas establecidas en campo, además de segmentos de brotes sacados de plántulas in vitro. Todos los tratamientos fueron evaluados bajo dos condiciones de fotoperiodo: la primera condición con 16 horas luz (5.000 lux y ocho horas de oscuridad, y la segunda condición en oscuridad total. Se logró la embriogénesis somática directa a partir de segmentos de pedicelo y de segmentos de brotes Identification of land degradation evidences in an organic farm using probability maps (Croatia)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Paulo; Bogunovic, Igor; Estebaranz, Ferran

    2017-04-01

    Land degradation is a biophysical process with important impacts on society, economy and policy. Areas affected by land degradation do not provide services in quality and with capacity to full-field the communities that depends on them (Amaya-Romero et al., 2015; Beyene, 2015; Lanckriet et al., 2015). Agricultural activities are one of the main causes of land degradation (Kraaijvanger and Veldkamp, 2015), especially when they decrease soil organic matter (SOM), a crucial element for soil fertility. In temperate areas, the critical level of SOM concentration in agricultural soils is 3.4%. Below this level there is a potential decrease of soil quality (Loveland and Weeb, 2003). However, no previous work was carried out in other environments, such as the Mediterranean. The spatial distribution of potential degraded land is important to be identified and mapped, in order to identify the areas that need restoration (Brevik et al., 2016; Pereira et al., 2017). The aim of this work is to assess the spatial distribution of areas with evidences of land degradation (SOM bellow 3.4%) using probability maps in an organic farm located in Croatia. In order to find the best method, we compared several probability methods, such as Ordinary Kriging (OK), Simple Kriging (SK), Universal Kriging (UK), Indicator Kriging (IK), Probability Kriging (PK) and Disjunctive Kriging (DK). The study area is located on the Istria peninsula (45°3' N; 14°2' E), with a total area of 182 ha. One hundred eighty-two soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected during July of 2015 and SOM was assessed using wet combustion procedure. The assessment of the best probability method was carried out using leave one out cross validation method. The probability method with the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was the most accurate. The results showed that the best method to predict the probability of potential land degradation was SK with an RMSE of 0.635, followed by DK (RMSE=0.636), UK (RMSE=0.660), OK (RMSE

  17. E-materialer, som de forstås og bruges : en undersøgelse af forskelle i forståelsen af e-læring i hhv. et universitets- og forskningsbiblioteksforankret regi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stenalt, Maria Hvid; Engerer, Volkmar; Thestrup, Jesper Boserup

    2010-01-01

    Artiklen belyser, hvordan e-materialer, som et område inden for e-læring, omtales og forstås på tværs af universitetsrelaterede netværk. Artiklens hypotese er, at der er en forskel mellem universitetsforankret og forskningsbiblioteksforankret diskurs om e-materialer, og at denne diskrepans slører...

  18. Primeira transferência: afastar a sugestão do somático

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Villa

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Além da simpatia, da empatia, na origem da neurose de transferência, há um ponto central, ponto de antipatia, em que psicanalista e psicanalisando apreendem o real do corpo. Além do corpo psíquico, se entrevê o fundo das coisas: a carne em sofrimento que nunca é vista. Nesse momento do tratamento ouve-se a força de atração do recalcamento orgânico. O autor volta a um momento princeps da invenção freudiana: o sonho "da injeção de Irmã", para examinar sua hipótese de que o trabalho do sonho revela uma das funções do psíquico - afastar a sugestão do somático.First transference: des-suggesting the somatic. In the origin of transference neurosis, beyond sympathy and empathy, we can meet an umbilical point, which is an antipathy point where patient and analyst encounter the real of the body. Beyond the psychic body, we can see "the bottom of things": the suffering flesh, which is never seen. This moment of cure is the one where can be heard the strength of attraction from the organic repression. In order to explore this hypothesis, the author goes back to a moment of Freudian finding: the dream of Irma. He suggests that the work of the dream shows a function of the psychic, which is the desuggestion of somatic.

  19. Criopreservação e embriogênese somática de calos de Dimocarpus longan Cryopreservation and somatic embryogenesis of Dimocarpus longan calli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazumitsu Matsumoto

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos de crioprotetores na criopreservação e da sacarose na embriogênise somática de calos de Dimocarpus longan. Após degelo os calos foram cultivados em meio de multiplicação, e a massa da matéria fresca foi determinada. Para se obter os embriões somáticos, calos e massas pro-embriônicas foram transferidos para meio de cultura contendo diferentes concentrações de sacarose. Entre os crioprotetores, a mistura de 5% de glicerol + 5% de dimetilsulfóxido proporcionou a maior quantidade de massa fresca dos calos. O maior número de embriões foi obtido no meio de cultura com 50 g L-1 de sacarose. Os resultados mostram que calos de Dimocarpus longan podem ser criopreservados e plântulas podem ser obtidas.Cryoprotectors on cryopreservation and sucrose on somatic embryogenesis of Dimocarpus longan calli were evaluated. The post-thaw calli were cultivated on multiplication medium, and the obtained fresh matter mass was measured. In order to obtain somatic embryos, calli and pro-embryonic masses were transferred into culture medium containing different concentrations of sucrose. Among the cryoprotectors, the mixture of 5% glycerol + 5% dimethylsulfoxide provided the largest quantity of calli fresh matter. The highest number of embryos was obtained on the culture medium with 50 g L-1 sucrose. The results show that Dimocarpus longan calli can be cryopreserved and plantlets be obtained.

  1. Characterisation of landfill leachate by EEM-PARAFAC-SOM during physical-chemical treatment by coagulation-flocculation, activated carbon adsorption and ion exchange.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oloibiri, Violet; De Coninck, Sam; Chys, Michael; Demeestere, Kristof; Van Hulle, Stijn W H

    2017-11-01

    The combination of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM), parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and self-organizing maps (SOM) is shown to be a powerful tool in the follow up of dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal from landfill leachate by physical-chemical treatment consisting of coagulation, granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange. Using PARAFAC, three DOM components were identified: C1 representing humic/fulvic-like compounds; C2 representing tryptophan-like compounds; and C3 representing humic-like compounds. Coagulation with ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) at a dose of 7 g/L reduced the maximum fluorescence of C1, C2 and C3 by 52%, 17% and 15% respectively, while polyaluminium chloride (PACl) reduced C1 only by 7% at the same dose. DOM removal during GAC and ion exchange treatment of raw and coagulated leachate exhibited different profiles. At less than 2 bed volumes (BV) of treatment, the humic components C1 and C3 were rapidly removed, whereas at BV ≥ 2 the tryptophan-like component C2 was preferentially removed. Overall, leachate treated with coagulation +10.6 BV GAC +10.6 BV ion exchange showed the highest removal of C1 (39% - FeCl 3 , 8% - PACl), C2 (74% - FeCl 3 , 68% - PACl) and no C3 removal; whereas only 52% C2 and no C1 and C3 removal was observed in raw leachate treated with 10.6 BV GAC + 10.6 BV ion exchange only. Analysis of PARAFAC-derived components with SOM revealed that coagulation, GAC and ion exchange can treat leachate at least 50% longer than only GAC and ion exchange before the fluorescence composition of leachate remains unchanged. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. The "Som la Pera" intervention: sustainability capacity evaluation of a peer-led social-marketing intervention to encourage healthy lifestyles among adolescents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llauradó, Elisabet; Aceves-Martins, Magaly; Tarro, Lucia; Papell-Garcia, Ignasi; Puiggròs, Francesc; Prades-Tena, Jordi; Kettner, Helle; Arola, Lluis; Giralt, Montse; Solà, Rosa

    2018-02-10

    Sustainability capacity, always considered a challenge, is the ability to maintain effective long-term intervention in a community. The aim of the study was to improve the sustainability capacity of effective "Som la Pera," a school-based, peer-led, social-marketing intervention that encourages healthy diet and physical activity, in low socioeconomic adolescents from Spain. The sustainability capacity was analyzed by a "programme sustainability assessment tool (PSAT)" comprising eight domains: political support, funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, programme evaluation, programme adaptation, communications, and strategic planning. Each domain was evaluated from 1 (no or to a small extent) to 7 points (to a great extent). The final score for sustainability capacity was the mean of the eight domain scores. The PSAT was assessed by nine professionals (researchers, staff members, and stakeholders) at two periods during intervention implementation: end of the first year (January 2015) and end of the second year (September 2015). At the end of the first year, strategic planning (4.43 ± 1.98) and funding stability (4.38 ± 1) were considered deficient domains, and at the end of the second year, these domains had improved by 1.67 points (p =.043) and 0.59 points (p = .159), respectively. The funding stability increase was not significant because only one of the five specific items, "policies implemented to ensure sustained funding," improved by 1.08 points (p = .036). The sustainability capacity final score was 5.93 ± 1.13. The sustainability capacity assessment during the intervention allows its improvement before the programme expires, ensuring the long-term implementation of the "Som la Pera" intervention programme to encourage healthy lifestyles in adolescents. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2018. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  3. Tilværelsen som gymnasieelev: en undersøgelse af, hvorvidt nutidens gymnasieelever føler sig stressede og pressede i deres gymnasietilværelse

    OpenAIRE

    Hansen, Louise Bach

    2017-01-01

    I specialeafhandlingen har jeg undersøgt tilværelsen som gymnasieelev i nutidens Danmark, samt hvorvidt eleverne føler sig henholdsvis stressede og pressede i gymnasietilværelsen. Flere kvantitative undersøgelser (#5 DGS 2013-2014, Bendtsen et al. 2014) omkring elevers trivsel i gymnasieskolen viser, at over halvdelen af de adspurgte elever i undersøgelserne tilkendegiver, at de er stressede eller pressede dagligt eller ofte i tilværelsen. Men hvad ligger til grund for elevernes svar? Er de v...

  4. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in cortical circuits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iryna Yavorska

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that can be distinguished by their morphology, input and output connectivity, laminar location, firing properties, and expression of molecular markers. Several of these classes of SOM neurons show unique dynamics and characteristics, such as facilitating synapses, specific axonal projections, intralaminar input, and top-down modulation, which suggest possible computational roles. SOM cells can be differentially modulated by behavioral state depending on their class, sensory system, and behavioral paradigm. The functional effects of such modulation have been studied with optogenetic manipulation of SOM cells, which produces effects on learning and memory, task performance, and the integration of cortical activity. Different classes of SOM cells participate in distinct disinhibitory circuits with different inhibitory partners and in different cortical layers. Through these disinhibitory circuits, SOM cells help encode the behavioral relevance of sensory stimuli by regulating the activity of cortical neurons based on subcortical and intracortical modulatory input. Associative learning leads to long-term changes in the strength of connectivity of SOM cells with other neurons, often influencing the strength of inhibitory input they receive. Thus despite their heterogeneity and variability across cortical areas, current evidence shows that SOM neurons perform unique neural computations, forming not only distinct molecular but also functional subclasses of cortical inhibitory interneurons.

  5. Omega-3 fiskeolie

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lunde, Anita; Sørensen, Jan

    2009-01-01

    Rapport afgrænser sig til evidensbaserede helbredsmæssige gevinster ved et øget indtag af langkædede omega-3, som opnås ved en kost rig på fisk eller som et tilskud af fiskeolier. Der gennemføres en systematisk litteraturgennemgang, som baserer sig på et evidensniveau svarende til styrke A. Det...... betyder, at gennemgangen inkluderer metaanalyser/oversigtsartikler af enten eksperimentelle studier eller observationsstudier, endvidere indgår udvalgte større RCT, som er refereret i meta-analyserne. Sammenfattende findes på baggrund af litteraturgennemgang, at tilskud af omega-3 har effekt på...... hjertesygdom ved at nedsætte mortaliteten. Effekten er mest evident ved personer i særlig risiko for at udvikle hjerte-karsygdom, eller som sekundær/tertiær profylakse. Tilsvarende findes også ved tilskud af omega-3 en forebyggende effekt i forhold til iskæmisk apopleksi. Af mulige virkningsmekanismer viser...

  6. 'Black star': uma mutação somática natural da uva fina de mesa cv. Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Ruffo Roberto

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available A uva fina de mesa 'Black Star', originada de uma mutação somática da uva cv. Brasil em Marialva-PR, é descrita quanto às suas principais características físico-químicas e produtivas. Suas bagas, com sementes, apresentam formato elipsoide alongado com coloração vermelho-escura, tendendo ao preto durante a maturação plena. O ciclo, o desempenho produtivo e a suscetibilidade às doenças fúngicas assemelham-se aos da cv. Itália. Durante a maturação plena, apresenta teor médio de sólidos solúveis de 14ºBrix, 0,6% de ácido tartárico e índice de maturação de 21. Trata-se de nova cultivar de uva fina de mesa com potencial de cultivo no Brasil.

  7. Symptom-specific course trajectories and their determinants in primary care patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence for two etiologically distinct prototypes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wardenaar, K J; Monden, R; Conradi, H J; de Jonge, P

    2015-07-01

    The course-heterogeneity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) hampers development of better prognostic models. Although latent class growth analyses (LCGA) have been used to explain course-heterogeneity, such analyses have failed to also account for symptom-heterogeneity of depressive symptoms. Therefore, the aim was to identify more specific data-driven subgroups based on patterns of course-trajectories on different depressive symptom domains. In primary care MDD patients (n=205), the presence of the MDD criterion symptoms was determined for each week during a year. Weekly 'mood/cognition' (MC) and 'somatic' (SOM) scores were computed and parallel processes-LCGA (PP-LCGA) was used to identify subgroups based on the course on these domains. The classes׳ associations with baseline predictors and 2-/3-year outcomes were investigated. PP-LCGA identified four classes: quick recovery, persisting SOM, persisting MC, and persisting SOM+MC (chronic). Persisting SOM was specifically predicted by higher baseline somatic symptomatology and somatization, and was associated with more somatic depressive symptomatology at long-term follow-up. Persisting MC was specifically predicted by higher depressive severity, thinking insufficiencies, neuroticism, loneliness and lower self-esteem, and was associated with lower mental health related quality of life and more mood/cognitive depressive symptomatology at follow-up. The sample was small and contained only primary care MDD patients. The weekly depression assessments were collected retrospectively at 3-month intervals. The results indicate that there are two specific prototypes of depression, characterized by either persisting MC or persisting SOM, which have different sets of associated prognostic factors and long-term outcomes, and could have different etiological mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Læring innen toppfotball : en studie av forholdet mellom coaching og mesterlære som læringsteorier, og deres potensial og rolle i toppfotball

    OpenAIRE

    Lindseth, Ole Kristian

    2008-01-01

    Tema og problemstilling Jeg har bakgrunn som fotballspiller og har i den forbindelse vært svært opptatt av hvordan man best kan legge til rette for utvikling av fotballspillere. Gjennom mine pedagogikkstudier har to læringsteorier fasinert meg i forhold til fotball, nemlig coaching og mesterlære. Disse to teoriene skiller seg tydelig fra hverandre og er på mange måter motsetninger. Dette var noe jeg ønsket å gå dypere inn i, og derfor endte denne masteroppgaven opp med en studie av coachin...

  9. Patologia de neonatos bovinos originados por meio da técnica de transferência nuclear de células somáticas: clonagem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caio Rodrigues dos Santos

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Os mecanismos de morte em animais clonados a partir de células somáticas são poucos elucidados. Malformações de órgãos, alterações de tamanho e peso desses animais foram anomalias já descritas, porém em casos isolados. Desse modo, estudos nos níveis anatomo e histopatológicos são de suma importância para ajudar a compreensão dos fatores responsáveis pelos altos índices de insucessos com a utilização da TNCS (transferência nuclear de células somáticas. Assim, o presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever, por meio de exames anatomopatológicos, as alterações presentes em um grupo de animais gerados por TNCS, que vieram a óbito entre 1 e 19 dias de vida. Esse experimento foi realizado entre os anos de 2004 e 2008 na fazenda Tambaú, cidade de Tambaú, Estado de São Paulo. No total foram gerados 21 animais da raça Nelore (Bos indicus, sendo que 11 vieram a óbito e dez apresentaram boa evolução clínica no período perinatal. Foram realizadas as necropsias dos animais e posterior análise histopatológica de tecidos alterados. Esse estudo mostrou alta prevalência de alterações cardiopulmonares, que provavelmente foram determinantes nos mecanismos de morte dos animais. Dentre essas alterações a hipertensão pulmonar e modificações hemodinâmicas diagnosticadas através do exame histopatológico foram as mais frequentes.

  10. Embriogénesis somática en el cultivar de plátano 'FHIA - 25' (AAB) a partir de ápices meristemáticos

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez González, Dayana; López Torres, Jorge; Rayas, Aymé; Montano Pérez, Nery; Santos Pino, Arletys; Basail Pérez, Milagros; Reynaldo Alvarez, Damicela; Beovides García, Yoel; Medero Vega, Víctor

    2015-01-01

    El cultivar de plátano 'FHIA - 25' (AAB), posee excelente rendimiento y alta resistencia a "Sigatoka negra", pero con la limitante del bajo contenido de azúcar en su fruto, lo cual hace que sea necesario disponer de un método de regeneración de plantas a nivel celular como la embriogénesis somática, que se complemente a técnicas biotecnológicas de transformación genética para mejorar la calidad del fruto. El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de establecer una metodología de regenera...

  11. Estudo do leite de éguas sadias ou portadoras de mastite subclínica, pelo teste de Whiteside, análise microbiológica e contagem de células somáticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nereu Carlos Prestes

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de identificar a microbiota existente no leite de éguas normais ou portadoras de mastite subclínica, coletaram-se amostras (10 a 15 ml de leite de 38 animais, que foram examinadas pelo teste de Whiteside, após a homogeneização das amostras dos dois tetos de cada animal. Os resultados foram negativos. Os exames microbiológicos realizados em meios de ágar sangue bovino 10% e ágar MacConkey revelaram presença de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. A contagem de células somáticas de amostras individuais de cada teto revelou números superiores a 500.000 células/ml de leite em somente 9,3% das 73 amostras de leite examinadas. Os resultados sugerem a realização de novos estudos objetivando-se a padronização do número de células somáticas no leite de éguas.

  12. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of garlic-fermenting lactic acid bacteria isolated from som-fak, a Thai low-salt fermented fish product

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Paludan-Müller, Christine; Valyasevi, R.; Huss, Hans Henrik

    2002-01-01

    AIMS: To evaluate the importance of garlic for fermentation of a Thai fish product, and to differentiate among garlic-/inulin-fermenting lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at strain level. METHODS AND RESULTS: Som-fak was prepared by fermentation of a mixture of fish, salt, rice, sucrose and garlic. p......H decreased to 4.5 in 2 days, but omitting garlic resulted in a lack of acidification. LAB were predominant and approximately one third of 234 isolated strains fermented garlic and inulin (the carbohydrate reserve in garlic). These strains were identified as Lactobacillus pentosus and Lact. plantarum...... AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present study indicates the role of fructans (garlic/inulin) as carbohydrate sources for LAB. Fructan fermenters may have several biotechnological applications, for example, as probiotics....

  13. Sygeplejefagets teorigrundlag som værn mod McDonaldisering

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Norlyk, Annelise; Haahr, Anita; Dreyer, Pia

    2017-01-01

    , and that values from evidence-based medicine are being lost in the transformation into this practice which potentially leads to a McDonaldization of nursing practice reflected as «one best way». To prevent a practice of «McNursing», we argue for reviving ethics of care perspectives in today’s evidence practice...

  14. Multiple distinct subtypes of GABAergic neurons in mouse visual cortex identified by triple immunostaining

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuri Gonchar

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The majority of cortical interneurons use GABA (gamma amino butyric acid as inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABAergic neurons are morphologically, connectionally, electrically and chemically heterogeneous. In rat cerebral cortex three distinct groups of GABAergic interneurons have been identifi ed by the expression of parvalbumin (PV, calretinin (CR and somatostatin (SOM. Recent studies in mouse cerebral cortex have revealed a different organization in which the CR and SOM populations are partially overlapping. Because CR and SOM neurons derive from different progenitors located in different embryonic structures, the coexpression of CR + SOM suggests that the chemical differentiation of interneurons is regulated postmitotically. Here, we have taken an important fi rst step towards understanding this process by triple immunostaining mouse visual cortex with a panel of antibodies, which has been used extensively for classifying developing interneurons. We have found at least 13 distinct groups of GABAergic neurons which include PV, CR, SOM, CCK (cholecystokinin, CR + SOM, CR + NPY (neuropeptide Y, CR + VIP (vasointestinal polypeptide, SOM + NPY, SOM + VIP, VIP + ChAT (choline acetyltransferase, CCK + NPY, CR + SOM + NPY and CR + SOM + VIP expressing cells. Triple immunostaining with PV, CR and SOM antibodies during postnatal development further showed that PV is never colocalized with CR and SOM. Importantly, expression of SOM and CR + SOM developed after the percentage of CR cells that do not express SOM has reached the mature level, suggesting that the chemical differentiation of SOM and CR + SOM neurons is a postnatal event, which may be controlled by transcriptional regulation.

  15. Student Misbehaviors in Online Classrooms: Scale Development and Validation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Li; Titsworth, Scott

    2015-01-01

    The current program of research included two studies that developed the Student Online Misbehaviors (SOMs) scale and explored relationships between the SOMs and various classroom communication processes and outcomes. The first study inductively developed initial SOM typologies and tested factor structure via an exploratory factor analysis.…

  16. Síntomas somáticos : predicción diferencial a través de variables psicológicas, sociodemográficas, estilos de vida y enfermedades

    OpenAIRE

    Orejudo Hernández, Santos; Froján Parga, María Xesús

    2005-01-01

    Los síntomas somáticos han sido considerados tradicionalmente como una variable relacionada con la salud y un tópico dentro de los modelos de la conducta de enfermedad. En cuanto a su naturaleza, se proponen determinantes múltiples, aceptándose que los factores psicológicos juegan un papel central en los mismos. En el presente trabajo, en una muestra de 501 personas con edades comprendidas entre los 40 y los 65 años, se estudia el poder predictivo de distintas variables psicológicas (dimensio...

  17. Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? Few Evidence-Based Features of Dietary Interventions Included in Photo Diet Tracking Mobile Apps for Weight Loss.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hales, Sarah; Dunn, Caroline; Wilcox, Sara; Turner-McGrievy, Gabrielle M

    2016-11-01

    Apps using digital photos to track dietary intake and provide feedback are common, but currently there has been no research examining what evidence-based strategies are included in these apps. A content analysis of mobile apps for photo diet tracking was conducted, including whether effective techniques for interventions promoting behavior change, including self-regulation, for healthy eating (HE) are targeted. An initial search of app stores yielded 34 apps (n = 8 Android and Apple; n = 11 Android; n = 15 Apple). One app was removed (unable to download), and other apps (n = 4) were unable to be rated (no longer available). Remaining apps (n = 29) were downloaded, reviewed, and coded by 2 independent reviewers to determine the number of known effective self-regulation and other behavior change techniques included. The raters met to compare their coding of the apps, calculate interrater agreement, resolve any discrepancies, and come to a consensus. Six apps (21%) did not utilize any of the behavior change techniques examined. Three apps (10%) provided feedback to users via crowdsourcing or collective feedback from other users and professionals, 7 apps (24%) used crowdsourcing or collective feedback, 1 app (3%) used professionals, and 18 apps (62%) did not provide any dietary feedback to users. Few photo diet-tracking apps include evidence-based strategies to improve dietary intake. Use of photos to self-monitor dietary intake and receive feedback has the potential to reduce user burden for self-monitoring, yet photo diet tracking apps need to incorporate known effective behavior strategies for HE, including self-regulation. © 2016 Diabetes Technology Society.

  18. [Evidence and Evidence Gaps - an Introduction].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dreier, G; Löhler, J

    2016-04-01

    Treating patients requires the inclusion of existing evidence in any health care decision, to be able to choose the best diagnosis or treatment measure or to make valid prognosis statements for a particular patient in consideration of the physician's own expertise.The basis are clinical trials, the results of which are ideally gathered in systematic reviews, rated, summarized and published. In addition to the GCP (Good Clinical Practice)-compliant planning, conducting and analysis of clinical studies it is essential, that all study results are made publicly available, in order to avoid publication bias. This includes the public registration of planned and discontinued trials. In the last 25 years, the evidence-based medicine (EbM) has increasingly found its way into clinical practice and research. Here EbM is closely associated with the names Archibald Cochrane and David Sackett. In Germany, both the German Cochrane Centre (DCZ) and the network of evidence-based medicine (DNEbM) were established approximately 15 years ago. In the international Cochrane Collaboration clinicians and other scientists like statisticians interdisciplinary work side by side to develop the methods of evidence-based medicine and to address the topics of evidence generation and processing as well as the transfer of knowledge. Challenge: Existing evidence primarily serves doctors to support their decision-making, but is also the basis for providing scientific proof for a health care intervention's benefit to patients and ultimately payers/health insurances. The closure of existing evidence gaps requires substantial human and financial resources, a complex organizational structure and can only succeed with the involvement of clinical and methodological expertise and specific knowledge in the field of clinical research. In addition, the knowledge must be transferred into practice, using journals, guidelines, conferences, databases, information portals with processed evidence and not least the

  19. Hvordan erfarer ledere åpne spørsmål, dekonstruktive tilbakemeldinger og gjensidige relasjoner? : innspill til innhold i coachende ledelse med tilbakemelding som hverdagsdialog

    OpenAIRE

    Wulff, Charlotte

    2016-01-01

    Jeg har gjennomført en studie i et mellomstort konsern med verdiene åpen, modig og ansvarlig. Bedriften fokuserer på tankesett for vekst og styrkebasert positiv psykologi i sitt lederutviklingsprogram. De har et lederløfte om å se sine ansatte, og et kollegaløfte om å gi hverandre gode tilbakemeldinger. Bedriften ser på seg selv som en pionér, og ønsker å fortsette å bidra til utvikling og innovasjon. Jeg jobber i denne bedriften og ble nysgjerrig på hva mine ledere og kollegaer la i «gode» t...

  20. Spiritualitet som coping hos tibetanske torturoverlevere

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Elsass, Peter; Carlsson, Jessica; Husum, Kristian

    2010-01-01

    INTRODUCTION: There is solid documentation for the positive relationship between spirituality and health, but few examples of how this link may be used in projects of rehabilitation after war, civil conflicts and natural disasters. One such example is the Danida funded Tibetan Torture Program...... in India. This study aims to provide evidence of the Tibetan torture survivors' degree of traumatisation and their use of spirituality to overcome their difficult situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consists of an assessment and a rehabilitation part. A total of 102 Tibetan torture survivors were...

  1. The influence of soluble organic matter on shale reservoir characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lei Pan

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Shale with a maturity within the “oil window” contains a certain amount of residual soluble organic matter (SOM. This SOM have an important influence on characterization of shale reservoir. In this study, two shale samples were collected from the Upper Permian Dalong Formation in the northwestern boundary of Sichuan Basin. Their geochemistry, mineral composition, and pore structure (surface area and pore volume were investigated before and after removing the SOM by means of extraction via dichloromethane or trichloromethane. The results show that the TOC, S1, S2, and IH of the extracted samples decrease significantly, but the mineral composition has no evident change as compared with their raw samples. Thus, we can infer that the original pore structure is thought to be unaffected from the extraction. The SOM occupies pore volume and hinders pores connectivity. The extraction greatly increases the surface area and pore volume of the samples. The residual SOM in the shale samples occur mainly in the micropores and smaller mesopores, and their occupied pore size range seems being constrained by the maturity. For the lower mature shale samples, the SOM is mainly hosted in organic pores that are less than 5 nm in size. For the middle mature shale samples, the micropores and some mesopores ranging between 2 and 20 nm in size are the main storage space for the SOM.

  2. Embriogénesis somática de Citrus macrophylla Wester con el empleo del Pectimorf® y análogos de brasinoesteroides

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lourdes Bao Fundora

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Somatic embryogenesis of Citrus macrophylla Wester using Pectimorf® and analogues of brassinosteroids Resumen Los cítricos son frutales muy utilizados como patrones de injerto. Para incrementar la cantidad de estos cultivos en las plantaciones citrícolas, se pueden usar técnicas de propagación in vitro como la embriogénesis somática, que requiere medios de cultivos artificiales y fitohormonas. Debido a los altos costos de las fitohormonas, una alternativa cubana es el uso de biorreguladores del crecimiento de producción nacional como: los análogos de brasinoesteroides: 25(R 2α, 3α, dihidroxi 5α espirostan- 6-ona (Biobras-6 y C: 25(R 2α, 3α, 5α, trihidroxiespirostan-6-ona (MH-5 y una mezcla de oligogalacturónido de grado de polimerización entre 10-14 (Pectimorf®.  Estos biorreguladores son efectivos en los procesos morfogenéticos como sustitutos o complemento de las auxinas y citoquininas. El presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a determinar el efecto del Pectimorf® y los brasinoesteroides como sustitutos de las fitohormonas tradicionales en el desarrollo de la embriogénesis somática y en la obtención de una línea celular embriogénica de Citrus macrophylla Wester. Se utilizó el medio de cultivo de Murashige y Skoog (MS (1962, suplementado con los biorreguladores del crecimiento MH-5, Biobras-6 y Pectimorf®. Mediante la embriogénesis somática se obtuvieron embriones, raíces y plántulas, en todos los tratamientos. En la formación de plántulas estos biorreguladores fueron muy efectivos. Palabras clave: cultivo in vitro; Citrus; biorreguladores del crecimiento. Abstract Citrus fruits are widely used as rootstock. To increase the amount of these crops in plantations, in vitro propagation techniques such as somatic embryogenesis can be used, which requires artificial culture media and plant hormones. Due to the high cost of the plant hormone, a Cuban alternative is the use of cuban bioregulators growth

  3. Current developments in soil organic matter modeling and the expansion of model applications: a review

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Campbell, Eleanor E; Paustian, Keith

    2015-01-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important natural resource. It is fundamental to soil and ecosystem functions across a wide range of scales, from site-specific soil fertility and water holding capacity to global biogeochemical cycling. It is also a highly complex material that is sensitive to direct and indirect human impacts. In SOM research, simulation models play an important role by providing a mathematical framework to integrate, examine, and test the understanding of SOM dynamics. Simulation models of SOM are also increasingly used in more ‘applied’ settings to evaluate human impacts on ecosystem function, and to manage SOM for greenhouse gas mitigation, improved soil health, and sustainable use as a natural resource. Within this context, there is a need to maintain a robust connection between scientific developments in SOM modeling approaches and SOM model applications. This need forms the basis of this review. In this review we first provide an overview of SOM modeling, focusing on SOM theory, data-model integration, and model development as evidenced by a quantitative review of SOM literature. Second, we present the landscape of SOM model applications, focusing on examples in climate change policy. We conclude by discussing five areas of recent developments in SOM modeling including: (1) microbial roles in SOM stabilization; (2) modeling SOM saturation kinetics; (3) temperature controls on decomposition; (4) SOM dynamics in deep soil layers; and (5) SOM representation in earth system models. Our aim is to comprehensively connect SOM model development to its applications, revealing knowledge gaps in need of focused interdisciplinary attention and exposing pitfalls that, if avoided, can lead to best use of SOM models to support policy initiatives and sustainable land management solutions. (topical review)

  4. COMBINATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY OF EVIDENCE FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING INTEGRATION OF SAR AND OPTICAL SATELLITE IMAGERY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. T. Chu

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available The integration of different kinds of remotely sensed data, in particular Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR and optical satellite imagery, is considered a promising approach for land cover classification because of the complimentary properties of each data source. However, the challenges are: how to fully exploit the capabilities of these multiple data sources, which combined datasets should be used and which data processing and classification techniques are most appropriate in order to achieve the best results. In this paper an approach, in which synergistic use of a feature selection (FS methods with Genetic Algorithm (GA and multiple classifiers combination based on Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence, is proposed and evaluated for classifying land cover features in New South Wales, Australia. Multi-date SAR data, including ALOS/PALSAR, ENVISAT/ASAR and optical (Landsat 5 TM+ images, were used for this study. Textural information were also derived and integrated with the original images. Various combined datasets were generated for classification. Three classifiers, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN, Support Vector Machines (SVMs and Self-Organizing Map (SOM were employed. Firstly, feature selection using GA was applied for each classifier and dataset to determine the optimal input features and parameters. Then the results of three classifiers on particular datasets were combined using the Dempster-Shafer theory of Evidence. Results of this study demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method for land cover mapping using complex datasets. It is revealed that the use of GA in conjunction with the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence can significantly improve the classification accuracy. Furthermore, integration of SAR and optical data often outperform single-type datasets.

  5. A influência do afastamento por acidente de trabalho sobre a ocorrência de transtornos psíquicos e somáticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabethe Cristina Borsonello

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o afastamento por acidente de trabalho e a ocorrência de ansiedade e de depressão, averiguando se houve desencadeamento de transtornos somáticos e/ou transtornos nas relações sociais dos indivíduos. Em todos os casos estudados, constatamos que houve aumento significativo de sintomas após o afastamento e que o retorno ao trabalho foi impossibilitado devido à persistência da patologia e ao desenvolvimento de outras manifestações. Assim, o afastamento pôde ser considerado um estímulo estressor, pois além de causar transtornos psíquicos provocou alterações orgânicas.

  6. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, M.W.; Torn, M. S.; Abiven, S.; Dittmar, T.; Guggenberger, G.; Janssens, I.A.; Kleber, M.; Kögel-Knabner, I.; Lehmann, J.; Manning, D.A.C.; Nannipieri, P.; Rasse, D.P.; Weiner, S.; Trumbore, S.E.

    2011-08-15

    Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily—and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.

  7. Isotopic evidence for the formation of unusually humus-rich soils in the Baltic region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leinweber, Peter; Acksel, Andre; Kühn, Peter

    2017-04-01

    Arable mineral soils in the Pleistocene landscape of Northern Germany usually contain about 4 to 8 kg of organic C (Corg) per m2, most of which is visually recognizable concentrated in the tilled topsoil horizon. Some unusually humus-rich (10 to 20 kg Corg m-2), and deeply (> 70 cm) dark-colored soils in coastal regions with mollic properties have been classified as Chernozems. Their location far away from the middle German and Central European Chernozem regions, absence of steppe vegetation and semi-arid climate conditions make classical pedogenetic theories doubtful. However, non-targeted mass spectrometric analyses of soil organic matter (SOM) composition revealed great similarities with typical Chernozems worldwide (Thiele-Bruhn et al., 2014) and made alternative (e.g. waterlogged) pathways of SOM accumulation unlikely. Subsequent detailed multi-method SOM analyses down the soil profiles revealed relative enrichments in cyclic ("black carbon") and heterocyclic organic compounds in the deeper, bioturbated horizons. These were plausibly explained by the input of combustion residues, likely originating from anthropogenic activities because spots of these soils coincided with archeological artifacts of early settlements (Acksel et al., 2016). However, these finding could not completely explain the genesis of Chernozems in the Baltic region. Therefore, we actually explored isotope analyses (12/13C, 13/14C, 14/15N, 32/34S) to find out the origin of these unusual SOM enrichments and the time period in which it occurred. The results will be compiled to a consistent hypothesis on the formation of these soils in the Baltic and other Northern European regions. References Acksel, A., W. Amelung, P. Kühn, E. Gehrt, T. Regier, P. Leinweber. 2016. Soil organic matter characteristics as indicator of Chernozem genesis in the Baltic Sea region. Geoderma Regional 7, 187-200. Thiele-Bruhn, S., Leinweber P., Eckhardt K.-U., Siem H.K., Blume H.-P. 2014. Identifying Chernozem

  8. Including values in evidence-based policy making for breast screening: An empirically grounded tool to assist expert decision makers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parker, Lisa

    2017-07-01

    Values are an important part of evidence-based decision making for health policy: they guide the type of evidence that is collected, how it is interpreted, and how important the conclusions are considered to be. Experts in breast screening (including clinicians, researchers, consumer advocates and senior administrators) hold differing values in relation to what is important in breast screening policy and practice, and committees may find it difficult to incorporate the complexity and variety of values into policy decisions. The decision making tool provided here is intended to assist with this process. The tool is modified from more general frameworks that are intended to assist with ethical decision making in public health, and informed by data drawn from previous empirical studies on values amongst Australian breast screening experts. It provides a structured format for breast screening committees to consider and discuss the values of themselves and others, suggests relevant topics for further inquiry and highlights areas of need for future research into the values of the public. It enables committees to publicly explain and justify their decisions with reference to values, improving transparency and accountability. It is intended to act alongside practices that seek to accommodate the values of individual women in the informed decision making process for personal decision making about participation in breast screening. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Hernier som medicinsk sygdom

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Burcharth, J.; Rosenberg, J.

    2008-01-01

    include patients with Ehlers-Danlos, Marfans syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, cutis laxa, and patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, colonic diverticula or stress urinary incontinence. Looking ahead, the perspective may be individualization of the operative technique for patients with a hernia...

  10. Soil organic matter change - analysis on a regional scale of Austria

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gruendling, Ralf; Franko, Uwe; Sedy, Katrin; Freudenschuß, Alexandra; Spiegel, Adelheid; Formayer, Herbert

    2014-05-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important resource in agriculture. It influences soil fertility, erosion processes and prevents soil degradation. However, SOM is strongly affected by climate change, soil conditions and management alterations. The presented study analyzes SOM changes in Austria on a regional scale in the "Marchfeld" and the "Muehlviertel". For quantification these SOM changes the model CCB (Candy Carbon Balance) was used. Based on a 1 square kilometer raster, the impact of specific site conditions on SOM are determined to characterize the study areas. Used as a main indicator for these conditions is the biologic active time (BAT). BAT describes the biologic activity for carbon cycling in top soils depending on soil and climatic conditions. High values of BAT indicate fast SOM reproduction rates. Hence, BAT changes over last years signpost the risk of SOM loss and can be used as an on-farm decision tool. The change of risks of SOM loss due to climate change is assessed by model results. Therefore, three climate scenarios are used to compute reproduction rates of SOM. "High risk-regions" can be identified for policy consulting. Different climate scenarios can help to develop best case and worst case results. First results show that the region "Marchfeld" had a higher change in BAT during last 2 decades comparing to the "Muehlviertel". A higher risk of SOM loosing is evident. Nevertheless, future scenarios predict a higher change of BAT for the "Muehlviertel". Apparently, the sensitivity of "Marchfeld" sites regard to climate change has been higher in the past and most BAT changes took place until now. With this method an evaluation of farm management in regard to SOM reproduction and recommendation of crop rotations for the future are possible. In conclusion, the aim of the project is a tool box for farmers and policy makers to evaluate present and future agricultural management. An examination of additional regions in Austria is planned.

  11. Linking groundwater dissolved organic matter to sedimentary organic matter from a fluvio-lacustrine aquifer at Jianghan Plain, China by EEM-PARAFAC and hydrochemical analyses.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Shuang-bing; Wang, Yan-xin; Ma, Teng; Tong, Lei; Wang, Yan-yan; Liu, Chang-rong; Zhao, Long

    2015-10-01

    The sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater are important to groundwater chemistry and quality. This study examined similarities in the nature of DOM and investigated the link between groundwater DOM (GDOM) and sedimentary organic matter (SOM) from a lacustrine-alluvial aquifer at Jianghan Plain. Sediment, groundwater and surface water samples were employed for SOM extraction, optical and/or chemical characterization, and subsequent fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and parallel factor analyses (PARAFAC). Spectroscopic properties of bulk DOM pools showed that indices indicative of GDOM (e.g., biological source properties, humification level, aromaticity and molecule mobility) varied within the ranges of those of two extracted end-members of SOM: humic-like materials and microbe-associated materials. The coexistence of PARAFAC compositions and the sustaining internal relationship between GDOM and extracted SOM indicate a similar source. The results from principal component analyses with selected spectroscopic indices showed that GDOM exhibited a transition trend regarding its nature: from refractory high-humification DOM to intermediate humification DOM and then to microbe-associated DOM, with decreasing molecular weight. Correlations of spectroscopic indices with physicochemical parameters of the groundwater suggested that GDOM was released from SOM and was modified by microbial diagenetic processes. The current study demonstrated the associations of GDOM with SOM from a spectroscopic viewpoint and provided new evidence supporting SOM as the source of GDOM. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Influencia de los factores emocionales sobre el informe de síntomas somáticos en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica: relevancia de la ansiedad

    OpenAIRE

    Perales-Montilla, Carmen M.; Duschek, Stefan; Reyes-del Paso, Gustavo A.

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de distintos tipos de síntomas somáticos en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica en comparación con un grupo control y analizar la capacidad predictiva de algunas variables psicológicas (ansiedad, depresión, apoyo social, autoeficacia y estrategias de afrontamiento) sobre el informe de estos síntomas. Método: Cuarenta y seis pacientes en tratamiento con diálisis y 30 personas sin enfermedad relevante equiparadas en variables sociodemográficas fueron evaluadas med...

  13. Vurdering af nye oplysninger fra ansøgeren som svar på spørgsmål fra Skov- og Naturstyrelsen. Beta vulgaris. glyphosate (Roundup) tolerance. Modtaget, 26-02-2004, deadline 12-03-2004, svar 11-03-2004

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kjellsson, Gøsta; Strandberg, Morten Tune

    2002-01-01

    Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser foreslår stadig, at der som supplement til den generelle overvågning foretages en specifik overvågning af dyrkningssystemet med henblik på at detektere eventuelle langtidseffekter af den ændrede anvendelse af herbicid i forbindelse med dyrkning af Roundup resistente fo...

  14. Reproductive Biology Including Evidence for Superfetation in the European Badger Meles meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leigh A L Corner

    Full Text Available The reproductive biology of the European badger (Meles meles is of wide interest because it is one of the few mammal species that show delayed implantation and one of only five which are suggested to show superfetation as a reproductive strategy. This study aimed to describe the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers with a view to increasing our understanding of the process of delayed implantation and superfetation. We carried out a detailed histological examination of the reproductive tract of 264 female badgers taken from sites across 20 of the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland. The key results show evidence of multiple blastocysts at different stages of development present simultaneously in the same female, supporting the view that superfetation is relatively common in this population of badgers. In addition we present strong evidence that the breeding rate in Irish badgers is limited by failure to conceive, rather than failure at any other stages of the breeding cycle. We show few effects of age on breeding success, suggesting no breeding suppression by adult females in this population. The study sheds new light on this unusual breeding strategy of delayed implantation and superfetation, and highlights a number of significant differences between the reproductive biology of female Irish badgers and those of Great Britain and Swedish populations.

  15. Soil organic matter composition and quality across fire severity gradients in coniferous and deciduous forests of the southern boreal region

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miesel, Jessica R.; Hockaday, William C.; Kolka, Randall K.; Townsend, Philip A.

    2015-06-01

    Recent patterns of prolonged regional drought in southern boreal forests of the Great Lakes region, USA, suggest that the ecological effects of disturbance by wildfire may become increasingly severe. Losses of forest soil organic matter (SOM) during fire can limit soil nutrient availability and forest regeneration. These processes are also influenced by the composition of postfire SOM. We sampled the forest floor layer (i.e., full organic horizon) and 0-10 cm mineral soil from stands dominated by coniferous (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) or deciduous (Populus tremuloides Michx.) species 1-2 months after the 2011 Pagami Creek wildfire in northern Minnesota. We used solid-state 13C NMR to characterize SOM composition across a gradient of fire severity in both forest cover types. SOM composition was affected by fire, even when no statistically significant losses of total C stocks were evident. The most pronounced differences in SOM composition between burned and unburned reference areas occurred in the forest floor for both cover types. Carbohydrate stocks in forest floor and mineral horizons decreased with severity level in both cover types, whereas pyrogenic C stocks increased with severity in the coniferous forest floor and decreased in only the highest severity level in the deciduous forest floor. Loss of carbohydrate and lignin pools contributed to a decreased SOM stability index and increased decomposition index. Our results suggest that increases in fire severity expected to occur under future climate scenarios may lead to changes in SOM composition and dynamics with consequences for postfire forest recovery and C uptake.

  16. Charterturisme som en produkt:

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lauring, Jakob

    2011-01-01

    Charter tourism as a product: A sociological analysis of agency in the experience economy In recent years charter tourism as a convenient and cost-effective mode of travelling has been declining. This may be related to dominating societal ideals promoting self-actualization, individual exploration...... and spontaneity. However, not much is known about the development of ideals and practices among charter tourists. By use of ethnographic fieldwork methodology, including pre-departure and post-travel telephone interviews, this exploratory study investigated a group of Danish charter tourists travelling to Gran...

  17. Multiplicación de Selenicereus megalanthus (pitahaya amarilla e Hylocereus polyrhizus (pitahaya roja vía organogénesis somática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rocío Stella Suárez Román

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Pitahaya amarilla (Selenicereus megalanthus y roja (Hylocereus polyrhizus se multiplicaron vía organogénesis somática, a partir de hojas cotiledonares y fragmentos de cladodio provenientes de plántulas con 20 días de desarrollo, en medio Murashige & Skoog (MS suplementado con auxinas (ANA y citocininas (Kinetina y BAP. En el medio de cultivo M3 (BAP + Kinetina 2 mg/l se obtuvieron entre cuatro y nueve brotes enraizados de 4 cm de longitud, en un periodo de 30 días. En pitahaya roja se desarrolló mayor número de brotes. En todos los medios estudiados se observó formación de callo, siendo más alto el número en el medio con altas concentraciones de ANA. Las vitroplantas en fase de climatización alcanzaron 100% de sobrevivencia y presentaron respuestas diferenciales al sustrato empleado.

  18. Evidence and evidence gaps in tinnitus therapy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hesse, Gerhard

    2016-01-01

    A nearly endless number of procedures has been tried and in particular sold for the treatment of tinnitus, unfortunately they have not been evaluated appropriately in an evidence-based way. A causal therapy, omitting the tinnitus still does not exist, actually it cannot exist because of the various mechanisms of its origin. However or perhaps because of that, medical interventions appear and reappear like fashion trends that can never be proven by stable and reliable treatment success. This contribution will discuss and acknowledge all current therapeutic procedures and the existing or non-existing evidence will be assessed. Beside external evidence, the term of evidence also encompasses the internal evidence, i.e. the experience of the treating physician and the patient’s needs shall be included. While there is no evidence for nearly all direct procedures that intend modulating or stimulating either the cochlea or specific cervical regions such as the auditory cortex, there are therapeutic procedures that are acknowledged in clinical practice and have achieved at least a certain degree of evidence and generate measurable effect sizes. Those are in particular habituation therapy and psychotherapeutic measures, especially if they are combined with concrete measures for improved audio perception (hearing aids, CI, hearing therapies). PMID:28025604

  19. Oral curcumin has anti-arthritic efficacy through somatostatin generation via cAMP/PKA and Ca(2+)/CaMKII signaling pathways in the small intestine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Yan; Wu, Xin; Wei, Zhifeng; Dou, Yannong; Zhao, Di; Wang, Ting; Bian, Difei; Tong, Bei; Xia, Ying; Xia, Yufeng; Dai, Yue

    2015-01-01

    Curcumin (CUR) has been proven to be clinically effective in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy, but its low oral bioavailability eclipses existent evidence that attempts to explain the underlying mechanism. Small intestine, the only organ exposed to a relatively high concentration of CUR, is the main site that generates gut hormones which are involved in the pathogenesis of RA. This study aims at addressing the hypothesis that one or more gut hormones serve as an intermediary agent for the anti-arthritic action of CUR. The protein and mRNA levels of gut hormones in CUR-treated rats were analyzed by ELISA and RT-PCR. Somatostatin (SOM) depletor and receptor antagonist were used to verify the key role of SOM in CUR-mediated anti-arthritic effect. The mechanisms underlying CUR-induced upregulation of SOM levels were explored by cellular experiments and immunohistochemical staining. The data showed that oral administration of CUR (100 mg/kg) for consecutive two weeks in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats still exhibited an extremely low plasma exposure despite of a dramatic amelioration of arthritis symptoms. When injected intraperitoneally, CUR lost anti-arthritic effect in rats, suggesting that it functions in an intestine-dependent manner. CUR elevated SOM levels in intestines and sera, and SOM depletor and non-selective SOM receptor antagonist could abolish the inhibitory effect of CUR on arthritis. Immunohistochemical assay demonstrated that CUR markedly increased the number of SOM-positive cells in both duodenum and jejunum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CUR could augment SOM secretion from intestinal endocrine cells, and this effect could be hampered by either MEK1/2 or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor. In summary, oral administration of CUR exhibits anti-arthritic effect through augmenting SOM secretion from the endocrine cells in small intestines via cAMP/PKA and Ca(2+)/CaMKII signaling pathways. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd

  20. Understanding Litter Input Controls on Soil Organic Matter Turnover and Formation are Essential for Improving Carbon-Climate Feedback Predictions for Arctic, Tundra Ecosystems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Wallenstein, Matthew [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States)

    2017-12-05

    The Arctic region stored vast amounts of carbon (C) in soils over thousands of years because decomposition has been limited by cold, wet conditions. Arctic soils now contain roughly as much C that is contained in all other soils across the globe combined. However, climate warming could unlock this oil C as decomposition accelerates and permafrost thaws. In addition to temperature-driven acceleration of decomposition, several additional processes could either counteract or augment warming-induced SOM losses. For example, increased plant growth under a warmer climate will increase organic matter inputs to soils, which could fuel further soil decomposition by microbes, but will also increase the production of new SOM. Whether Arctic ecosystems store or release carbon in the future depends in part on the balance between these two counteracting processes. By differentiating SOM decomposition and formation and understanding the drivers of these processes, we will better understand how these systems function. We did not find evidence of priming under current conditions, defined as an increase in the decomposition of native SOM stocks. This suggests that decomposition is unlikely to be further accelerated through this mechanism. We did find that decomposition of native SOM did occur when nitrogen was added to these soils, suggesting that nitrogen limits decomposition in these systems. Our results highlight the resilience and extraordinary C storage capacity of these soils, and suggest shrub expansion may partially mitigate C losses from decomposition of old SOM as Arctic soils warm.

  1. Importância do Staphylococcus aureus nas mastites subclínicas: pesquisa de enterotoxinas e toxina do choque tóxico, e a relação com a contagem de células somáticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Eielson Pinheiro de Sá

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available O Staphylococcus aureus é um dos principais agentes das mastites consideradas contagiosas, apresentando elevada incidência na maioria dos rebanhos leiteiros em vários países. Além de perdas econômicas é importante salientar o aspecto de saúde pública para cepas produtoras de enterotoxinas e da toxina do choque tóxico. A enterotoxina A, relacionada com maior ênfase nos casos de toxinfecções alimentares, pode ser veiculada pelo leite cru, pasteurizado e subprodutos lácteos. A síndrome do choque tóxico é determinada mais freqüentemente pela toxina do choque tóxico, porém as enterotoxinas do tipo B e C também podem ser implicadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de S.aureus produtores de enteroxinas e da toxina do choque tóxico em amostras de leite de animais com mastite subclínica, e correlacionar estes resultados com a contagem de células somáticas; utilizando a técnica de "celofane over agar" para detecção da TNAase, kit comercial para identificação das enterotxinas e contagem eletrônica de células somáticas. Avaliod]MORENO, B.[u-se 209 amostras de leite oriundas de vacas com mastite subclínica por S.aureus, e dentre estas, 209 (98,86% produziram TNAse, nove amostras (4,39% foram produtoras de enterotoxinas, sendo que uma (0,49% dentre elas foi produtora de EED, três (1,46% de EEC, e três (1,46% de EEB. Em uma amostra (0,49%, detectou-se concomitantemente EEA e EEB e em outra EEB e EEC. A toxina do choque tóxico não foi encontrada nas cepas avaliadas neste estudo, assim como não houve aumento estatisticamente significativo, na contagem de células somáticas, das amostras de cepas produtoras de enteroxinas.

  2. Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis Process for Magnesium Oxide Reduction: Experiment and Modeling

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guan, Xiaofei; Pal, Uday B.; Powell, Adam C.

    2014-06-01

    This paper reports a solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis experiment using an LSM(La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ)-Inconel inert anode current collector for production of magnesium and oxygen directly from magnesium oxide at 1423 K (1150 °C). The electrochemical performance of the SOM cell was evaluated by means of various electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic scan, and electrolysis. Electronic transference numbers of the flux were measured to assess the magnesium dissolution in the flux during SOM electrolysis. The effects of magnesium solubility in the flux on the current efficiency and the SOM stability during electrolysis are discussed. An inverse correlation between the electronic transference number of the flux and the current efficiency of the SOM electrolysis was observed. Based on the experimental results, a new equivalent circuit of the SOM electrolysis process is presented. A general electrochemical polarization model of SOM process for magnesium and oxygen gas production is developed, and the maximum allowable applied potential to avoid zirconia dissociation is calculated as well. The modeling results suggest that a high electronic resistance of the flux and a relatively low electronic resistance of SOM are required to achieve membrane stability, high current efficiency, and high production rates of magnesium and oxygen.

  3. Patterns of protein and carbohydrate accumulation during somatic embryogenesis of Acca sellowiana Padrões de acúmulo de proteínas e carboidratos durante a embriogênese somática de Acca sellowiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Claudia Cangahuala-Inocente

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to quantify the protein, starch and total sugars levels during histodifferentiation and development of somatic embryos of Acca sellowiana Berg. For histological observations, the samples were dehydrated in a battery of ethanol, embedded in historesin and stained with toluidine blue (morphology, coomassie blue (protein bodies and periodic acid-Schiff (starch. Proteins were extracted using a buffer solution, precipitated using ethanol and quantified using the Bradford reagent. Total sugars were extracted using a methanol-chloroform-water (12:5:3 solution and quantified by a reaction with anthrone at 0.2%. Starch was extracted using a 30% perchloric acid solution and quantified by a reaction with anthrone at 0.2%. During the somatic embryogenesis' in vitro morphogenesis and differentiation processes, the total protein levels decreased and the soluble sugars levels increased during the first 30 days in culture and remained stable until the 120th day. On the other hand, total protein levels increased according to the progression in the developmental stages of the somatic embryos. The levels of total sugars and starch increased in the heart and cotyledonary stages, and decreased in the torpedo and pre-cotyledonary stages. These compounds play a central role in the development of somatic embryos of Acca sellowiana.O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os teores de proteína, amido e açúcares totais durante a histodiferenciação e desenvolvimento dos embriões somáticos em Acca sellowiana Berg. Para as observações histológicas, as amostras foram desidratadas em uma bateria de etanol, emblocadas em historesina e coradas com azul de toluidina (morfologia, azul de coomassie (corpos proteicos e reativo ácido periódico de Schiff (amido. As proteínas foram extraídas usando uma solução tampão, precipitadas usando etanol e quantificadas por meio do reativo de Bradford. Os açúcares totais foram extraídos usando uma

  4. «[…] en enkel og saklig innføring i norsk språkhistorie» Språkhistorie som norskdidaktisk emne – et faghistorisk utsyn

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stian Hårstad

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Artikkelen tar for seg språkhistorie som norskdidaktisk emne i et faghistorisk perspektiv. På grunnlag av en lang rekke styringsdokumenter (læreplaner og studieplaner og fagdidaktisk og disiplinfaglig litteratur undersøkes hvordan språkets historiske dimensjoner har blitt tematisert som kunnskapsområde. Et hovedfunn i denne gjennomgangen er at det historiske (eller historiserende lengdesnittet har vært til stede gjennom hele 1900-tallet og fortsatt finnes i gjeldende læreplan – om enn med temmelig varierende vektlegging og detaljering. Læreplanene har i stor grad overlatt til praktikerne (lærerne og lærerutdannerne å avgrense hva de språkhistoriske emnene skal romme. Litteraturanalysen viser videre at den didaktiske refleksjonen på dette feltet bare unntaksvis har kommet på trykk, og denne begrensete språkhistorie-didaktiske debatten må forstås på bakgrunn av tilstanden i forsknings- og studiefaget.Nøkkelord: språkhistorie-didaktikk, språkdidaktikk, språkhistorie, norskdidaktikkAbstractThis article deals with language history as a didactic topic in the subject Norwegian as L1. On the basis of a wide range of documents (curricula and syllabi and didactic and disciplinary literature, the article seeks to examine how the historical dimensions of language have been treated as an area of knowledge. A main finding is that the historic (or historicizing perspective has been present through the entire 20th century and still can be found in the current curriculum – though the emphasis and itemization have varied significantly. The curricula have largely entrusted the practicians (the teachers and teacher educators with the powers to delineate the language history topics. The research review further shows that the didactic reflections within this field only sporadically have appeared in print, and this limited didactic discussion of language history must be understood on the background of the condition of the discipline

  5. Synthesizing Quantitative Evidence for Evidence-based Nursing: Systematic Review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oh, Eui Geum

    2016-06-01

    As evidence-based practice has become an important issue in healthcare settings, the educational needs for knowledge and skills for the generation and utilization of healthcare evidence are increasing. Systematic review (SR), a way of evidence generation, is a synthesis of primary scientific evidence, which summarizes the best evidence on a specific clinical question using a transparent, a priori protocol driven approach. SR methodology requires a critical appraisal of primary studies, data extraction in a reliable and repeatable way, and examination for validity of the results. SRs are considered hierarchically as the highest form of evidence as they are a systematic search, identification, and summarization of the available evidence to answer a focused clinical question with particular attention to the methodological quality of studies or the credibility of opinion and text. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an overview of the fundamental knowledge, principals and processes in SR. The focus of this paper is on SR especially for the synthesis of quantitative data from primary research studies that examines the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. To activate evidence-based nursing care in various healthcare settings, the best and available scientific evidence are essential components. This paper will include some examples to promote understandings. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Synthesizing Quantitative Evidence for Evidence-based Nursing: Systematic Review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eui Geum Oh, PhD, RN

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available As evidence-based practice has become an important issue in healthcare settings, the educational needs for knowledge and skills for the generation and utilization of healthcare evidence are increasing. Systematic review (SR, a way of evidence generation, is a synthesis of primary scientific evidence, which summarizes the best evidence on a specific clinical question using a transparent, a priori protocol driven approach. SR methodology requires a critical appraisal of primary studies, data extraction in a reliable and repeatable way, and examination for validity of the results. SRs are considered hierarchically as the highest form of evidence as they are a systematic search, identification, and summarization of the available evidence to answer a focused clinical question with particular attention to the methodological quality of studies or the credibility of opinion and text. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an overview of the fundamental knowledge, principals and processes in SR. The focus of this paper is on SR especially for the synthesis of quantitative data from primary research studies that examines the effectiveness of healthcare interventions. To activate evidence-based nursing care in various healthcare settings, the best and available scientific evidence are essential components. This paper will include some examples to promote understandings.

  7. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in elite clones of Theobroma cacao Embriogênese somática e regeneração in vitro de clones elite de Theobroma cacao

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thiago Édson Ribeiro da Silva

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluated a procedure for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao L. elite clones. Petal explants from cacao clones TSH 565 and TSH 1188 were cultured on PCG and SCG-2 media, for calli growth. Somatic embryos were formed on the surface of embryogenic calli after transfer to embryo development (ED medium. Clone TSH 565 showed a higher embryogenic potential than TSH 1188. The best combination of carbon source for embryo induction in ED medium was genotype-specific. Embryogenic callus formations increased in micropore tape-sealed Petri dishes, irrespective of cacao genotype. Mature somatic embryos were successfully converted into plantlets.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um procedimento para embriogênese somática e regeneração de clones elite de cacau. Pétalas dos clones de cacau TSH 565 e TSH 1188 foram cultivadas em meios PCG e SCG-2 para o crescimento de calos. Embriões somáticos desenvolveram-se na superfície dos calos embriogênicos, após a transferência para o meio ED. O clone TSH 565 apresentou maior potencial embriogênico do que o TSH 1188. A melhor combinação de fonte de carbono quanto à indução de embriões em meio ED foi específica do genótipo. A formação de calos embriogênicos foi superior em placas de Petri seladas com fita hipoalergênica, independentemente do genótipo. Embriões maduros de ambos os genótipos foram convertidos em plântulas.

  8. Embriogênese somática do caquizeiro Somatic embryogenesis of japanese persimmon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dayse Cristina de Carvalho

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estabelecimento de um protocolo para a embriogênese somática do caquizeiro. Como explantes, foram utilizados embriões zigóticos em diversos estádios de desenvolvimento, retirados de frutos coletados de plantas adultas a campo, a partir de quatro semanas após o pleno florescimento até 22 semanas. O meio básico para os experimentos foi o MS½NO3. O meio inicial de indução foi suplementado com 20µM de 2,4-D e 2µM de cinetina. Os calos escuros obtidos foram repicados para outro meio de indução, com concentrações 10 ou 20 µM de 2,4-D e 2 µM de cinetina. Os calos com massas pró-embriogênicas obtidos foram transferidos para meio de manutenção e multiplicação com 2 µM de cinetina e 2,4-D nas concentrações 2,5; 5,0 e 10 µM. As massas embriogênicas formadas foram transferidas para meio de maturação suplementado com 0,5 µM de AIB e as concentrações 5; 10 e 20 µM de 2-iP. Os embriões formados foram isolados em dois meios de conversão, sendo o primeiro com 5 µM de 2-iP, 5 µM de AG3 e 0,5 µM de AIB e o segundo com 0,5 µM de AG3 e BAP, nas concentrações 0; 0,25; 0,5 e 1,0 µM. Como resultados, obteve-se o padrão indireto de embriogênese somática a partir de embriões zigóticos maduros, com mais de 22 semanas de formação, quando cultivados em meio de cultura com 10 µM de 2,4-D combinado com 2 µM de cinetina. A manutenção e a multiplicação das culturas embriogênicas foram mais eficientes com 5 µM de 2,4-D, na qual os pró-embriões avançaram para o estádio globular. Na fase de maturação, as concentrações de 2-iP testadas atuaram promovendo os embriões globulares a estádios mais avançados da ontogenia como cordiforme, torpedo e cotiledonar. A suplementação do meio de cultura com 1 µM de BAP e 0,5 µM de AG3 gerou a formação de plantas mais desenvolvidas, com maior número e tamanho de folhas.The goal of this work was to develop a protocol for persimmon cloning

  9. Avaliação histológica da pele após exposição à gel acrescido de hialuronidase associado ou não a ultra-som

    OpenAIRE

    Chorilli, Marlus; Zague, Vivian; Almeida Prado Ribeiro, María Cristina de; Ricci Leonardi, Gislaine; Mariani Pires de Campos, María Silvia; Ozores Polacow, María Luiza

    2007-01-01

    O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos na pele de suínos machos de gel (G) contendo hialuronidase (H) associado ou não ao ultra-som (US). Em diferentes áreas aplicou-se G; G+H; G+H+US e mesoterapia (M). Fragmentos de pele foram processados em parafina. Para evidenciar ácido hialurônico (AH) utilizou-se coloração com Alcian Blue (AB) e para morfometria coloração com Hematoxilina/Eosina. Observou-se que G+H e G+H+US não reduziu coloração pelo AB nem apresentou diferenças...

  10. ”Hvad angår det mig som jurist?” - refleksion over jurastuderendes møde med nye fagligheder

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Louise Victoria Johansen

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Jurastuderende på danske universiteter bliver i stigende grad introduceret for tværfaglig undervisning, som giver dem mulighed for at kunne reflektere over deres fag udefra. Mange jurastuderende møder dog disse kurser med en stærk monofaglig forståelse opnået gennem deres hidtidige jurastudium. Deres læreproces i løbet af kurserne er derfor afhængig af undervisers håndtering af denne allerede etablerede jurafaglige identitet. Med udgangspunkt i Steen Becks sammentænkning af læringsteoretikerne Jean Piaget og Lev Vygotsky argumenterer denne artikel for, at tværfaglig undervisning på jurastudiet indebærer mere end blot at lære ny teori og nye metoder; den forudsætter også aflæring af de faglige forståelser, som særligt skygger for at kunne inddrage andre discipliner end den juridiske. Artiklen beskriver denne balance mellem aflæring og nylæring gennem en refleksion over min undervisning på et obligatorisk bachelorfag samt et kursusfag på kandidatuddannelsen ved Det Juridiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Disse kurser har forskellige betingelser i forhold til den undervisningstid, der kan allokeres til de studerendes arbejde med nye metodiske tilgange. Ud over disse organisatoriske forskelle har det dog også vist sig, at undervisers anvendelse af de første undervisningsgange kan være afgørende for de studerendes læreproces, samt at metakommunikation om aktiviteterne bør være meget tydelig. Law students at Danish universities are increasingly being introduced to interdisciplinary teaching that allows them to reflect on their subjects from an outside perspective. Many law students, however, approach these courses with a strong mono professional understanding obtained through their law studies. Consequently, their learning process during these courses is dependent on the teacher's handling of this already established legal professional identity. Based on Steen Beck's fusion of educational theorists Jean Piaget and

  11. Exploration of a capability-focused aerospace system of systems architecture alternative with bilayer design space, based on RST-SOM algorithmic methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhifei; Qin, Dongliang; Yang, Feng

    2014-01-01

    In defense related programs, the use of capability-based analysis, design, and acquisition has been significant. In order to confront one of the most challenging features of a huge design space in capability based analysis (CBA), a literature review of design space exploration was first examined. Then, in the process of an aerospace system of systems design space exploration, a bilayer mapping method was put forward, based on the existing experimental and operating data. Finally, the feasibility of the foregoing approach was demonstrated with an illustrative example. With the data mining RST (rough sets theory) and SOM (self-organized mapping) techniques, the alternative to the aerospace system of systems architecture was mapping from P-space (performance space) to C-space (configuration space), and then from C-space to D-space (design space), respectively. Ultimately, the performance space was mapped to the design space, which completed the exploration and preliminary reduction of the entire design space. This method provides a computational analysis and implementation scheme for large-scale simulation.

  12. Evidence and evidence gaps - an introduction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dreier, Gabriele; Löhler, Jan

    2016-01-01

    Background: Medical treatment requires the implementation of existing evidence in the decision making process in order to be able to find the best possible diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic measure for the individual patient based on the physician's own expertise. Clinical trials form the evidence base and ideally, their results are assembled, analyzed, summarized, and made available in systematic review articles. Beside planning, conducting, and evaluating clinical trials in conformity with GCP (good clinical practice), it is essential that all results of conducted studies are publicly available in order to avoid publication bias. This includes also the public registration of planned and cancelled trials. History: During the last 25 years, evidence-based medicine became increasingly important in medical care and research. It is closely associated with the names of Archibald Cochrane and David Sackett. About 15 years ago, the Deutsche Cochrane Zentrum (Cochrane Germany) and the Deutsche Netzwerk Evidenzbasierte Medizin e.V. (German Network for Evidence-based Medicine, DNEbM) were founded in Germany. In the International Cochrane Collaboration, clinicians and methodologists come together on an interdisciplinary level to further develop methods of evidence-based medicine and to discuss the topics of evidence generation and processing as well as knowledge transfer. Problem: Evidence is particularly important for physicians in the process of decision making, however, at the same time it is the base of a scientific proof of benefit for the patient and finally for the payers in health care. The closure of evidence gaps requires enormously high staff and financial resources, significant organizational efforts, and it is only successful when clinical and methodical expertise as well as specific knowledge in the field of clinical research are included. On the other hand, the knowledge has to be transferred into practice. For this purpose, practice guidelines, meetings

  13. Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Embriogênese somática em embriões zigóticos de Euterpe oleracea Mart.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana da Silva Ledo

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the morphogenetic responses of zygotic embryos of açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart. submitted to several conditions of in vitro culture. Several research experiments were conducted, in laboratory, using vegetable material collected from açai palm plants at Embrapa Amazon Oriental, Belém-PA, Brazil. It was possible to verify the expression of a direct, repetitive and no-synchronized model of somatic embryogenesis in mature zygotic embryos cultivated in primary MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (339.36 muM and transferred to a secondary MS medium in the presence of NAA (0.537 muM and 2iP (12.30 muM. The conversion of somatic embryos into seedlings was reached after 210 days with the transfer of the cultures to a third medium with sucrose and mineral salts concentrations reduced to a half, without growth regulators.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar as diferentes respostas morfogenéticas de embriões zigóticos de açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart. submetidos a várias condições de cultura in vitro. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, com material vegetal coletado de plantas de açaí da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém-PA, Brasil. Foi possível verificar a expressão de um modelo de embriogênese somática direto, repetitivo e assincronizado em embriões zigóticos maduros cultivados em meio primário MS, suplementado com 339,36 miM de 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D, e transferidos para meio secundário MS na presença de 0,537 miM de ácido 1-naftalenoacético (ANA e 12,30 miM de 2-isopenteniladenina (2iP. A conversão de embriões somáticos em plântulas foi alcançada aos 210 dias da inoculação com a transferência das culturas para um terceiro meio com a concentração de sais e sacarose reduzida pela metade e ausência de reguladores de crescimento.

  14. Gaining insight in domestic violence with emergent self organizing maps

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Poelmans, J.; Elzinga, P.; Viaene, S.; van Hulle, M.M.; Dedene, G.

    2009-01-01

    Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the past years, new types of Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature, including the recent Emergent SOM. The ESOM tool is used here to analyze a large set of police

  15. Novel estimation of the humification degree of soil organic matter by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferreira, Edilene Cristina; Ferreira, Ednaldo José; Villas-Boas, Paulino Ribeiro; Senesi, Giorgio Saverio; Carvalho, Camila Miranda; Romano, Renan Arnon; Martin-Neto, Ladislau; Milori, Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira

    2014-09-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes an important reservoir of terrestrial carbon and can be considered an alternative for atmospheric carbon storage, contributing to global warming mitigation. Soil management can favor atmospheric carbon incorporation into SOM or its release from SOM to atmosphere. Thus, the evaluation of the humification degree (HD), which is an indication of the recalcitrance of SOM, can provide an estimation of the capacity of carbon sequestration by soils under various managements. The HD of SOM can be estimated by using various analytical techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present work, the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to estimate the HD of SOM was evaluated for the first time. Intensities of emission lines of Al, Mg and Ca from LIBS spectra showing correlation with fluorescence emissions determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) reference technique were used to obtain a multivaried calibration model based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. The values predicted by the proposed model (A-LIBS) showed strong correlation with LIFS results with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.87. The HD of SOM obtained after normalizing A-LIBS by total carbon in the sample showed a strong correlation to that determined by LIFS (0.94), thus suggesting the great potential of LIBS for this novel application.

  16. C-14 dating and C-13/C-12 isotopic ratio in soils covered by natural vegetation of cerrado-floresta ecosystem at Humaita (AM)/Brazil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gouveia, Susy E.M.; Pessenda, Luiz C.R.; Roveratti, Renato; Cruz, Maria V.L.; Pessin, Glaucia; Aravena, Ramon; Boulet, Rene

    1996-01-01

    The most recent evidences show that in the Amazon region significant climatic changes occurred in the Quaternary, with emphasis to the dry periods during the Pleistocene and increased precipitation in the Holocene. In this region are found areas with characteristics of cerrado, surrounded by tropical rain forest. The evaluations of soil, vegetation and climate interactions for the formation of these areas are important. Carbon isotopes ( 12 C, 13 C, 14 C) have been applied in soil organic matter (SOM) of Humaita region, southern Amazon, to evaluate changes in vegetation communities during the Holocene. Isotopic composition of SOM in the deeper part of the soil profiles, shows that probably in the early Holocene the forest has been in the area today occupied by the cerrado vegetation. The results of SOM in the shallow part of soil profiles characterize perfectly the three types of actual vegetation communities. (author)

  17. Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically resolved model (BAMS1) to soil carbon dynamics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riley, W. J.; Maggi, F.; Kleber, M.; Torn, M. S.; Tang, J. Y.; Dwivedi, D.; Guerry, N.

    2014-07-01

    Accurate representation of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in Earth system models is critical for future climate prediction, yet large uncertainties exist regarding how, and to what extent, the suite of proposed relevant mechanisms should be included. To investigate how various mechanisms interact to influence SOM storage and dynamics, we developed an SOM reaction network integrated in a one-dimensional, multi-phase, and multi-component reactive transport solver. The model includes representations of bacterial and fungal activity, multiple archetypal polymeric and monomeric carbon substrate groups, aqueous chemistry, aqueous advection and diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and adsorption (and protection) and desorption from the soil mineral phase. The model predictions reasonably matched observed depth-resolved SOM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) stocks and fluxes, lignin content, and fungi to aerobic bacteria ratios. We performed a suite of sensitivity analyses under equilibrium and dynamic conditions to examine the role of dynamic sorption, microbial assimilation rates, and carbon inputs. To our knowledge, observations do not exist to fully test such a complicated model structure or to test the hypotheses used to explain observations of substantial storage of very old SOM below the rooting depth. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that a reasonable combination of sorption parameters, microbial biomass and necromass dynamics, and advective transport can match observations without resorting to an arbitrary depth-dependent decline in SOM turnover rates, as is often done. We conclude that, contrary to assertions derived from existing turnover time based model formulations, observed carbon content and Δ14C vertical profiles are consistent with a representation of SOM consisting of carbon compounds with relatively fast reaction rates, vertical aqueous transport, and dynamic protection on mineral surfaces.

  18. Military Rule of Evidence 404(b): Toothless Giant of the Evidence World

    Science.gov (United States)

    1996-04-01

    be confident that the evidence will do more harm than good before excluding it and removing it entirely from the case."). 503 See FED. R. EvID. 403...including genital-genital, oral-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; (2) Bestiality; (3) Masturbation ; (4) Sadistic

  19. Using a Mechanistic Reactive Transport Model to Represent Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Climate Sensitivity

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guerry, N.; Riley, W. J.; Maggi, F.; Torn, M. S.; Kleber, M.

    2011-12-01

    The nature of long term Soil Organic Matter (SOM) dynamics is uncertain and the mechanisms involved are crudely represented in site, regional, and global models. Recent work challenging the paradigm that SOM is stabilized because of its sequential transformations to more intrinsically recalcitrant compounds motivated us to develop a mechanistic modeling framework that can be used to test hypotheses of SOM dynamics. We developed our C cycling model in TOUGHREACT, an established 3-dimensional reactive transport solver that accounts for multiple phases (aqueous, gaseous, sorbed), multiple species, advection and diffusion, and multiple microbial populations. Energy and mass exchange through the soil boundaries are accounted for via ground heat flux, rainfall, C sources (e.g., exudation, woody, leaf, root litter) and C losses (e.g., CO2 emissions and DOC deep percolation). SOM is categorized according to the various types of compounds commonly found in the above mentioned C sources and microbial byproducts, including poly- and monosaccharides, lignin, amino compounds, organic acids, nucleic acids, lipids, and phenols. Each of these compounds is accounted for by one or more representative species in the model. A reaction network was developed to describe the microbially-mediated processes and chemical interactions of these species, including depolymerization, microbial assimilation, respiration and deposition of byproducts, and incorporation of dead biomass into SOM stocks. Enzymatic reactions are characterized by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with maximum reaction rates determined by the species' O/C ratio. Microbial activity is further regulated by soil moisture content, O2 availability, pH, and temperature. For the initial set of simulations, literature values were used to constrain microbial Monod parameters, Michaelis-Menten parameters, sorption parameters, physical protection, partitioning of microbial byproducts, and partitioning of litter inputs, although there is

  20. Sol och stränder eller bra bibliotek? : En studie över vilka faktorer som påverkar utlandsstudenters val av destination och lärosäte

    OpenAIRE

    Jokinen, Charlotta; Halling, Lisa Kristin

    2009-01-01

    Sammanfattning Akademi:     Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, Mälardalens högskola. Nivå:             Kandidatuppsats i marknadsföring, 15 hp. Datum:         2009-05-18 Författare:   Lisa Kristin Halling och Charlotta Jokinen. Handledare: Lars Albert. Bakgrund:   I dagens samhälle är det vanligt att åka utomlands på semester och tidigare forskning har gjorts för att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar en resenär vid val av destination. Det är även vanligt förekomma...

  1. Noopsicossomática em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS: evidências de um modelo explicativo = Noopsychosomatics in people living with HIV/AIDS: evidence of an explanatory model = Noopsicosomática en personas que viven con VIH/SIDA: evidencia de un modelo explicativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pontes, Alisson de Meneses

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi testar um modelo teórico proposto por Viktor Frankl, que pode explicar a dinâmica da noopsicossomática em pessoas com HIV/AIDS. Especificamente, buscou-se entender como a dimensão noológica (representada pela atitude religiosa e a realização de sentido influencia a dimensão psíquica (afetos positivos e a percepção do passado e, consequentemente, repercute na dimensão somática (números de células CD4+/CD8+. Participaram 115 pacientes soropositivos para o HIV/AIDS, com idade média de 39 anos (61,4% do sexo masculino. Os resultados apontaram para a adequação deste modelo, com os índices de ajuste aceitáveis. Conclui-se que foram reunidas evidências acerca do modelo teórico da noopsicossomática em pacientes com HIV/AIDS, corroborando a relevância da dimensão noológica no processo de adoecimento e saúde

  2. Science and evidence: separating fact from fiction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hess, Dean R

    2013-10-01

    Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available research evidence from systematic research and the patient's values and expectations. A hierarchy of evidence can be used to assess the strength upon which clinical decisions are made. The efficient approach to finding the best evidence is to identify systematic reviews or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Respiratory therapies that evidence supports include noninvasive ventilation for appropriately selected patients, lung-protective ventilation, and ventilator discontinuation protocols. Evidence does not support use of weaning parameters, albuterol for ARDS, and high frequency oscillatory ventilation for adults. Therapy with equivocal evidence includes airway clearance, selection of an aerosol delivery device, and PEEP for ARDS. Although all tenets of EBM are not universally accepted, the principles of EBM nonetheless provide a valuable approach to respiratory care practice.

  3. Distribution of some organic components in two forest soils profiles with evidence of soil organic matter leaching.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Álvarez-Romero, Marta; Papa, Stefania; Lozano-García, Beatriz; Parras-Alcántara, Luis; Coppola, Elio

    2015-04-01

    Soil stores organic carbon more often than we can find in living vegetation and atmosphere together. This reservoir is not inert, but it is constantly in a dynamic phase of inputs and losses. Soil organic carbon mainly depends on land cover, environment conditions and soil properties. After soil deposition, the organic residues of different origin and nature, the Soil Organic Matter (SOM) can be seen involved in two different processes during the pedogenesis: mineralization and humification. The transport process along profile happens under certain conditions such as deposition of high organic residues amount on the top soil, high porosity of the soil caused by sand or skeleton particles, that determine a water strong infiltrating capacity, also, extreme temperatures can slow or stop the mineralization and/or humification process in one intermediate step of the degradation process releasing organic metabolites with high or medium solubility and high loads of water percolating in relation to intense rainfall. The transport process along soil profile can take many forms that can end in the formation of Bh horizons (h means accumulation of SOM in depth). The forest cover nature influence to the quantity and quality of the organic materials deposited with marked differences between coniferous and deciduous especially in relation to resistance to degradation. Two soils in the Campania region, located in Lago Laceno (Avellino - Italy) with different forest cover (Pinus sp. and Fagus sp.) and that meets the requirements of the place and pedological formation suitable for the formation and accumulation of SOM in depth (Bh horizon) were studied. The different soil C fractions were determinated and were assessed (Ciavatta C. et al. 1990; Dell'Abate M.T. et al. 2002) for each soil profile the Total Extractable Lipids (TEL). Furthermore, the lignin were considered as a major component of soil organic matter (SOM), influencing its pool-size and its turnover, due to the high

  4. Determinação do módulo de elasticidade da madeira juvenil e adulta de Pinus taeda por ultra-som Determination of the modulus of elasticity of juvenile and mature wood of Pinus taeda L.with ultrasonic method

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano W. Ballarin

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available A madeira de Pinus sp. tem utilização crescente na indústria madeireira brasileira. O decréscimo constante do suprimento de árvores adultas com grandes diâmetros, provenientes de florestas naturais, tornou comum a produção de madeira em ciclos curtos, com grande proporção de madeira juvenil. Resultados de diversas pesquisas têm reportado que o módulo de elasticidade e a resistência a diferentes solicitações mecânicas são seriamente afetados pela presença de madeira juvenil. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o módulo de elasticidade da madeira juvenil e adulta de Pinus taeda L. a partir da constante dinâmica C LL, obtida em ensaios não-destrutivos de ultra-som. A madeira de P. taeda era originária de plantios da Estação Experimental de Itapeva - SP, sendo amostrados seis indivíduos arbóreos com 34 anos de idade. Os corpos-de-prova (4 cm x 4 cm x 45 cm foram obtidos separadamente das regiões de madeira juvenil e adulta da prancha central, previamente submetida à secagem industrial (umidade final de 12%, para a determinação da constante dinâmica por meio de ensaios de ultra-som. Para avaliar a sensibilidade do método do ultra-som, os corpos-de-prova foram ensaiados destrutivamente à compressão paralela. Os resultados mostraram boa sensibilidade do método do ultra-som (R² » 0,90 na avaliação desse parâmetro mecânico da madeira juvenil e adulta.Pinus sp. wood has an increasing importance on supplying brazilian wood industry. The diminution of adult and large diameter trees supply deriving from natural tropical forests, became usual the production of wood on short rotation plantation, with considerable proportion of juvenil wood. Results from several researches have been demonstrated that MOE and mechanical strength are strongly affected by juvenile wood occurrence. This research was developed with the main objective of correlating dynamic modulus of elasticity (non-destructive ultrasound tests and MOE

  5. Consideraciones sobre el empleo de antisueros somáticos en la clasificación por serotipos de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aniel Moya

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available El lipopolisacárido (LPS de bacterias gramnegativas se emplea en el desarrollo de candidatos vacunales, como antígeno expuesto en la preparación o formando parte de esta para aumentar su poder inmunogénico. Sin embargo, esta estructura química de la membrana externa puede ser también utilizada para clasificar bacterias. Según el LPS, presente en la membrana externa bacteriana, Pseudomonas aeruginosa se puede clasificar en 20 tipos somáticos diferentes, clasificación muy útil para estudios epidemiológicos. P. aeruginosa expone sus LPS en la membrana de forma estable, pero ocurren cambios en el fenotipo del LPS bacteriano durante la infección, sucesos que dificultan su clasificación. En estos momentos, los estudios que se desarrollan en el Instituto Finlay necesitan del empleo de tecnologías modernas de clasificación y del diagnóstico molecular para poder establecer patrones más precisos de expresión de los LPS por métodos que junto a los ya existentes permitan diferenciar cepas bacterianas de la misma especie en cualquier tipo de infección.

  6. Long residence times of rapidly decomposable soil organic matter: application of a multi-phase, multi-component, and vertically-resolved model (TOUGHREACTv1) to soil carbon dynamics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riley, W. J.; Maggi, F. M.; Kleber, M.; Torn, M. S.; Tang, J. Y.; Dwivedi, D.; Guerry, N.

    2014-01-01

    Accurate representation of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in Earth System Models is critical for future climate prediction, yet large uncertainties exist regarding how, and to what extent, the suite of proposed relevant mechanisms should be included. To investigate how various mechanisms interact to influence SOM storage and dynamics, we developed a SOM reaction network integrated in a one-dimensional, multi-phase, and multi-component reactive transport solver. The model includes representations of bacterial and fungal activity, multiple archetypal polymeric and monomeric carbon substrate groups, aqueous chemistry, aqueous advection and diffusion, gaseous diffusion, and adsorption (and protection) and desorption from the soil mineral phase. The model predictions reasonably matched observed depth-resolved SOM and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stocks in grassland ecosystems as well as lignin content and fungi to aerobic bacteria ratios. We performed a suite of sensitivity analyses under equilibrium and dynamic conditions to examine the role of dynamic sorption, microbial assimilation rates, and carbon inputs. To our knowledge, observations do not exist to fully test such a complicated model structure or to test the hypotheses used to explain observations of substantial storage of very old SOM below the rooting depth. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that a reasonable combination of sorption parameters, microbial biomass and necromass dynamics, and advective transport can match observations without resorting to an arbitrary depth-dependent decline in SOM turnover rates, as is often done. We conclude that, contrary to assertions derived from existing turnover time based model formulations, observed carbon content and δ14C vertical profiles are consistent with a representation of SOM dynamics consisting of (1) carbon compounds without designated intrinsic turnover times, (2) vertical aqueous transport, and (3) dynamic protection on mineral surfaces.

  7. Evidence-based management - healthcare manager viewpoints.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Janati, Ali; Hasanpoor, Edris; Hajebrahimi, Sakineh; Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun

    2018-06-11

    Purpose Hospital manager decisions can have a significant impact on service effectiveness and hospital success, so using an evidence-based approach can improve hospital management. The purpose of this paper is to identify evidence-based management (EBMgt) components and challenges. Consequently, the authors provide an improving evidence-based decision-making framework. Design/methodology/approach A total of 45 semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2016. The authors also established three focus group discussions with health service managers. Data analysis followed deductive qualitative analysis guidelines. Findings Four basic themes emerged from the interviews, including EBMgt evidence sources (including sub-themes: scientific and research evidence, facts and information, political-social development plans, managers' professional expertise and ethical-moral evidence); predictors (sub-themes: stakeholder values and expectations, functional behavior, knowledge, key competencies and skill, evidence sources, evidence levels, uses and benefits and government programs); EBMgt barriers (sub-themes: managers' personal characteristics, decision-making environment, training and research system and organizational issues); and evidence-based hospital management processes (sub-themes: asking, acquiring, appraising, aggregating, applying and assessing). Originality/value Findings suggest that most participants have positive EBMgt attitudes. A full evidence-based hospital manager is a person who uses all evidence sources in a six-step decision-making process. EBMgt frameworks are a good tool to manage healthcare organizations. The authors found factors affecting hospital EBMgt and identified six evidence sources that healthcare managers can use in evidence-based decision-making processes.

  8. Immigration and welfare states: A survey of 15 years of research

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nannestad, Peter

    2007-01-01

    account for the mechanisms underlying various aspects of this asymmetric distribution of gains from immigration, but the empirical evidence is mixed in quite som instances. Thus we still face challenges for further research, possibly research giving more weight to the institutional dimensions...

  9. A SOM clustering pattern sequence-based next symbol prediction method for day-ahead direct electricity load and price forecasting

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jin, Cheng Hao; Pok, Gouchol; Lee, Yongmi; Park, Hyun-Woo; Kim, Kwang Deuk; Yun, Unil; Ryu, Keun Ho

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel pattern sequence-based direct time series forecasting method was proposed. • Due to the use of SOM’s topology preserving property, only SOM can be applied. • SCPSNSP only deals with the cluster patterns not each specific time series value. • SCPSNSP performs better than recently developed forecasting algorithms. - Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new day-ahead direct time series forecasting method for competitive electricity markets based on clustering and next symbol prediction. In the clustering step, pattern sequence and their topology relations are obtained from self organizing map time series clustering. In the next symbol prediction step, with each cluster label in the pattern sequence represented as a pair of its topologically identical coordinates, artificial neural network is used to predict the topological coordinates of next day by training the relationship between previous daily pattern sequence and its next day pattern. According to the obtained topology relations, the nearest nonzero hits pattern is assigned to next day so that the whole time series values can be directly forecasted from the assigned cluster pattern. The proposed method was evaluated on Spanish, Australian and New York electricity markets and compared with PSF and some of the most recently published forecasting methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the best forecasting methods at least 3.64%

  10. Decoupling of lignin and total litter decomposition across North American forest soils: a phenomenon to reconcile old and new paradigms of soil organic matter?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, S. J.; Hammel, K.

    2017-12-01

    An "old" paradigm of soil organic matter (SOM) posited that biochemically "recalcitrant" lignin derivatives were a dominant constituent. Over the past decade(s), evidence for a newer paradigm has emerged which suggests that recalcitrance has little long-term impact on the biochemical composition of SOM, and that lignin is relatively unimportant in comparison with dead microbial biomass. Yet, methodological biases have hampered accurate quantification of lignin dynamics in mineral soils, and may have led to systematic underestimates of lignin stocks and turnover. Here, we sought to test this aspect of the "new" SOM paradigm. Synthetic position-specific 13C-labeled lignins provide a robust quantitative method to track the mineralization and fate of lignin moieties in mineral soils. Relatively few microbial taxa are known to depolymerize macromolecular lignin, and lignin derivatives can specifically associate with iron oxide mineral phases. Consequently, we hypothesized that decomposition of lignin is poorly correlated with total litter decomposition across ecosystems, and that lignin may represent a variable but significant component of decadal-cycling SOM. We incubated 10 forest soils spanning diverse North American ecosystems over seven months under laboratory conditions at constant temperature and moisture. Soils were incubated alone, with added C4 grass litter and natural isotope abundance lignin, and with added C4 litter and 13Cß-labeled lignin. These treatments allowed us to partition respiration for each soil from SOM, litter, and the Cß moiety of lignin—which is diagnostic for cleavage of the polymer. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found much greater variability (ten-fold) in cumulative lignin mineralization relative to bulk litter (two-fold) among soils. Multiple-pool first-order decay models implied that mean turnover times for lignin ranged from one to several decades among soils, relative to several years for bulk litter. Our results suggest a

  11. Arctic Tundra Soils: A Microbial Feast That Shrubs Will Cease

    Science.gov (United States)

    Machmuller, M.; Calderon, F.; Cotrufo, M. F.; Lynch, L.; Paul, E. A.; Wallenstein, M. D.

    2016-12-01

    Rapid climate warming may already be driving rapid decomposition of the vast stocks of carbon in Arctic tundra soils. However, stimulated decomposition may also release nitrogen and support increased plant productivity, potentially counteracting soil carbon losses. At the same time, these two processes interact, with plant derived carbon potentially fueling soil microbes to attack soil organic matter (SOM) to acquire nitrogen- a process known as priming. Thus, differences in the physiology, stoichiometry and microbial interactions among plant species could affect climate-carbon feedbacks. To reconcile these interactive mechanisms, we examined how vegetation type (Betula nana and Eriophorum vaginatum) and fertilization (short-term and long-term) influenced the decomposition of native SOM after labile carbon and nutrient addition. We hypothesized that labile carbon inputs would stimulate the loss of native SOM, but the magnitude of this effect would be indirectly related to soil nitrogen concentrations (e.g. SOM priming would be highest in N-limited soils). We added isotopically enriched (13C) glucose and ammonium nitrate to soils under shrub (B. nana) and tussock (E. vaginatum) vegetation. We found that nitrogen additions stimulated priming only in tussock soils, characterized by lower nutrient concentrations and microbial biomass (p20yrs. Rather, we found that long-term fertilization shifted SOM chemistry towards a greater abundance of recalcitrant SOM, lower microbial biomass, and decreased SOM respiration (p<0.05). Our results suggest that, in the short-term, the magnitude of SOM priming is dependent on vegetation and soil nitrogen concentrations, but this effect may not persist if shrubs increase in abundance under climate warming. Therefore, including nitrogen as a control on SOM decomposition and priming is critical to accurately model the effects of climate change on arctic carbon storage.

  12. Linking measurements of biodegradability, thermal stability and chemical composition to evaluate the effects of management on soil organic matter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gregorich, Ed; Gillespie, Adam; Beare, Mike; Curtin, Denis; Sanei, Hamed; Yanni, Sandra

    2015-04-01

    The stability of soil organic matter (SOM) as it relates to resistance to microbial degradation has important implications for nutrient cycling, emission of greenhouse gases, and C sequestration. Hence, there is interest in developing new ways to accurately quantify and characterise the labile and stable forms of soil organic C. Our objectives in this study were to evaluate and describe relationships among the biodegradability, thermal stability and chemistry of SOM in soil under widely contrasting management regimes. Samples from the same soil under permanent pasture, an arable cropping rotation, and chemical fallow were fractionated (sand: 2000-50 μm; silt: 50-5 μm, and clay: managements and that sand-associated organic matter was significantly more susceptible than that in the silt or clay fractions. Analysis by XANES showed accumulation of carboxylates and strong depletion of amides (protein) and aromatics in the fallow whole soil. Moreover, protein depletion was most significant in the sand fraction of the fallow soil. Sand fractions in fallow and cropped soils were, however, enriched in plant-derived phenols, aromatics and carboxylates compared to the sand fraction of pasture soils. In contrast, ketones, which have been identified as products of microbially-processed organic matter, were slightly enriched in the silt fraction of the pasture soil. These data suggest reduced inputs and cropping restrict the decomposition of plant residues and, without supplemental N additions, protein-N in native SOM is significantly mineralized in fallow systems to meet microbial C mineralization demands. Analytical pyrolysis showed distinct differences in the thermal stability of SOM among the size fractions and management treatments; it also showed that the loss of SOM generally involved dehydrogenation. The temperature at which half of the C was pyrolyzed showed strong correlation with mineralizable C and thus provides solid evidence for a link between the biological and

  13. Evidence Aid: Using Systematic Reviews to Improve Access to Evidence for Humanitarian Emergencies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mike Clarke

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Evidence Aid is an international initiative to improve access to reliable evidence that will help people and organisations make well-informed decisions about interventions, actions and strategies in the disaster setting. It focuses on systematic reviews as the most reliable source of research evidence, maximising the power of existing research, avoiding undue emphasis on single studies and reducing the waste associated with research that is ignored or not accessible to decision makers. Evidence Aid is knowledge champion for influencers of the humanitarian sector, including funders, policy makers, NGOs, and humanitarian professionals. Evidence Aid was established by members of the Cochrane Collaboration after the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004. It provides access to information relevant to disaster risk reduction, planning, response, recovery, resilience and rehabilitation. This presentation will discuss the need for Evidence Aid, and describes its activities.Find out more about Mike.

  14. Combining Old and New Stable Isotope Techniques to Evaluate the Impact of Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Stability

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    De Clercq, T.; Xu, H.; Mercklx, R.; Heiling, M.; Dercon, G.; Resch, C.

    2016-01-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) is a major carbon pool. It is a crucial factor for soil quality including several soil physical properties and a major nutrient source for crops. It also plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Soils can act as a carbon sink or source depending on land use and agricultural management practices. Some practices such as conservation tillage or no-tillage could increase SOM stocks, particularly in the topsoil, but in the long term it remains to be seen if and how this SOM is stabilized (De Clercq et al., 2015; Govaerts et al., 2009). In order to evaluate the sustainability and efficiency of soil carbon sequestration measures and the impact of different management and environmental factors, information on SOM stability and mean residence time (MRT) is required. However, this information on SOM stability and MRT is expensive to determine via radiocarbon dating, precluding a wide spread use of stability measurements in soil science. But alternative methods based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, can provide this information at a fraction of the cost

  15. Características y prevalencia de los problemas de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas en una muestra clínica infantil de 8 a 12 años, mediante el CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist)

    OpenAIRE

    López Soler, Concepción; Alcántara López, María Vicenta; Fernández, Visitación; Castro, Maravillas; López Pina, José Antonio

    2010-01-01

    Este trabajo presenta la sintomatología internalizante de ansiedad, depresión y quejas somáticas, obtenida en una muestra clínica de 300 niños y niñas de edades entre 8 y 12 años. Se ha empleado como instrumento una escala abreviada (96 items) del CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Achenbach y Edelbrock, 1983). La prevalencia encontrada en los factores CBCL-DSM para la muestra total, estimada a partir del percentil 98 (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), es 54% en ansiedad...

  16. Genetic activation, inactivation and deletion reveal a limited and nuanced role for somatostatin-containing basal forebrain neurons in behavioral state control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anaclet, Christelle; De Luca, Roberto; Venner, Anne; Malyshevskaya, Olga; Lazarus, Michael; Arrigoni, Elda; Fuller, Patrick M

    2018-05-07

    Recent studies have identified an especially important role for basal forebrain GABAergic (BF VGAT ) neurons in the regulation of behavioral waking and fast cortical rhythms associated with cognition. However, BF VGAT neurons comprise several neurochemically and anatomically distinct sub-populations, including parvalbumin- and somatostatin-containing BF VGAT neurons (BF Parv and BF SOM ), and it was recently reported that optogenetic activation of BF SOM neurons increases the probability of a wakefulness to non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep transition when stimulated during the animal's rest period. This finding was unexpected given that most BF SOM neurons are not NREM sleep active and that central administration of the synthetic SOM analog, octreotide, suppresses NREM sleep or increases REM sleep. Here we employed a combination of genetically-driven chemogenetic and optogenetic activation, chemogenetic inhibition and ablation approaches to further explore the in vivo role of BF SOM neurons in arousal control. Our findings indicate that acute activation or inhibition of BF SOM neurons is neither wakefulness- nor NREM sleep-promoting, is without significant effect on the EEG, and that chronic loss of these neurons is without effect on total 24h sleep amounts, although a small but significant increase in waking was observed in the lesioned mice during the early active period. Our in vitro cell recordings further reveal electrophysiological heterogeneity in BF SOM neurons, specifically suggesting at least two distinct sub-populations. Taken together our data support the more nuanced view that BF SOM are electrically heterogeneous and are not NREM sleep- or wake-promoting per se , but may exert, in particular during the early active period, a modest inhibitory influence on arousal circuitry. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cellular basal forebrain (BF) is a highly complex area of the brain that is implicated in a wide-range of higher-level neurobiological processes

  17. Including non-public data and studies in systematic reviews and systematic maps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haddaway, Neal R; Collins, Alexandra M; Coughlin, Deborah; Kohl, Christian

    2017-02-01

    Systematic reviews and maps should be based on the best available evidence, and reviewers should make all reasonable efforts to source and include potentially relevant studies. However, reviewers may not be able to consider all existing evidence, since some data and studies may not be publicly available. Including non-public studies in reviews provides a valuable opportunity to increase systematic review/map comprehensiveness, potentially mitigating negative impacts of publication bias. Studies may be non-public for many reasons: some may still be in the process of being published (publication can take a long time); some may not be published due to author/publisher restrictions; publication bias may make it difficult to publish non-significant or negative results. Here, we consider what forms these non-public studies may take and the implications of including them in systematic reviews and maps. Reviewers should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of including non-public studies, weighing risks of bias against benefits of increased comprehensiveness. As with all systematic reviews and maps, reviewers must be transparent about methods used to obtain data and avoid risks of bias in their synthesis. We make tentative suggestions for reviewers in situations where non-public data may be present in an evidence base. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Do evidence summaries increase policy-makers' use of evidence from systematic reviews: A systematic review protocol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petkovic, Jennifer; Welch, Vivian; Tugwell, Peter

    2015-09-28

    Systematic reviews are important for decision-makers. They offer many potential benefits but are often written in technical language, are too long, and do not contain contextual details which makes them hard to use for decision-making. There are many organizations that develop and disseminate derivative products, such as evidence summaries, from systematic reviews for different populations or subsets of decision-makers. This systematic review will assess the effectiveness of systematic review summaries on increasing policymakers' use of systematic review evidence and to identify the components or features of these summaries that are most effective. We will include studies of policy-makers at all levels as well as health-system managers. We will include studies examining any type of "evidence summary," "policy brief," or other products derived from systematic reviews that present evidence in a summarized form. The primary outcomes are the following: (1) use of systematic review summaries decision-making (e.g., self-reported use of the evidence in policy-making, decision-making) and (2) policy-maker understanding, knowledge, and/or beliefs (e.g., changes in knowledge scores about the topic included in the summary). We will conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), controlled before-after studies (CBA), and interrupted time series (ITS) studies. The results of this review will inform the development of future systematic review summaries to ensure that systematic review evidence is accessible to and used by policy-makers making health-related decisions.

  19. Plasma Cell Neoplasms (Including Multiple Myeloma)—Health Professional Version

    Science.gov (United States)

    There are several types of plasma cell neoplasms, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), isolated plasmacytoma of the bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple myeloma. Find evidence-based information on plasma cell neoplasms treatment, research, and statistics.

  20. Metodevurderinger: Kunnskapsbasert beslutningsstøtte på overordnet nivå i helsetjenesten

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brynjar Fure

    2013-11-01

    , Skår Å, Ormstad SS, Vang VS, Frønsdal KB. Health Technology Assessment: Knowledge-based decision support at the superior level in the health services. Nor J Epidemiol 2013; 23 (2: 165-169. ENGLISH SUMMARY In Norway, Health Technology Assessment (HTA has existed since the late 1990s as support for decision makers in the health services. Until 2004, HTA was performed at the Norwegian Centre for Health Technology Assessment and later at the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services which is, today, the national HTA-organization in Norway. HTA may be used as decision support at all levels in the health services. However, in practice, HTA is mainly used as part of evidence-based decisions by politicians or health leaders. The main purpose of HTA is to contribute to rapid introduction of useful health technologies, for the benefit of the patients. HTA may be used for all types of health technologies, including pharmaceuticals, medical devices, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, screening and organizational measures. In HTA-reports, the evidence regarding effect and safety of a technology is summarized, and, in most cases, also include a health economic evaluation. A strict and transparent methodology, developed by well-established international HTA-agencies, is used. Other aspects such as ethical, social, organizational or legal consequences of the technology may be evaluated, depending on the technology. In order to make HTA clinically relevant, clinical experts are usually invited to participate in the work. HTA-organizations, increasingly, collaborate with HTA-organizations in other countries, not only in order to develop the methodology of HTA, but also to share the results of HTA-reports, and, thus, avoid double work. An HTA-report summarizes the research results on a technology, and gives no advice regarding the decision that should be made about the introduction of the new technology.

  1. Avaliação estatística da variação da velocidade de propagação de ondas de ultra-som na madeira em presença de defeitos Statistical evaluation of the ultrasonic wave velocity variation in defective wood

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos T. Puccini

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Os métodos visuais para a detecção de defeitos na madeira, ainda que de grande utilidade, podem ser falhos e exigem a utilização de mão-de-obra relativamente bem treinada. Muitas vezes, a presença de nós, rachaduras ou, ainda, regiões com medula no interior de uma peça serrada, podem ser imperceptíveis na avaliação visual. Um dos grandes avanços obtidos nos últimos anos na caracterização de materiais, tanto do ponto de vista mecânico quanto da qualidade, é a aplicação de técnicas que utilizam a propagação de ondas, destacando-se, dentre elas, o ultra-som. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, estatisticamente, a possibilidade de se utilizar o método do ultra-som na detecção de defeitos em peças de madeira serrada. Para isto, foram utilizadas 180 peças de dimensões nominais: 0,027 m de espessura; 0,10 m de largura e 0,25 m de comprimento, retiradas de vigas de Pinus sp obtidas em serraria da cidade de Campinas. As peças foram ensaiadas na umidade de equilíbrio ao ar. Para a realização dos ensaios utilizou-se o equipamento de emissão de ondas de ultra-som marca Steinkamp BP-7 com transdutores de 45 kHz. Inicialmente foi realizada uma análise visual das peças e, posteriormente, a determinação da velocidade de propagação das ondas nas mesmas peças. Com os resultados, realizou-se uma análise exploratória das variáveis e obteve-se um modelo de regressão logística visando verificar a relação entre a presença ou não de defeitos e a velocidade de propagação da onda do ultra-som na madeira. Os resultados demonstram uma forte relação entre a velocidade de propagação da onda de ultra-som e os defeitos detectados pela análise visualVisual methods to detect wood defects, although of great utility, can lead to inaccurate results and demand a specialist to carry it out. The presence of knots, cracks or pith regions inside a sawed piece can be imperceptible in the visual evaluation. One of the greatest

  2. Stabilization of enzymatically polymerized phenolic chemicals in a model soil organic matter-free geomaterial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Palomo, Mónica; Bhandari, Alok

    2012-01-01

    A variety of remediation methods, including contaminant transformation by peroxidase-mediated oxidative polymerization, have been proposed to manage soils and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated phenols. Phenol stabilization has been successfully observed during cross polymerization between phenolic polymers and soil organic matter (SOM) for soils with SOM >3%. This study evaluates peroxidase-mediated transformation and removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) from an aqueous phase in contact with a natural geomaterial modified to contain negligible (soils with higher SOM. The SOM-free sorbent was generated by removing SOM using a NaOCl oxidation. When horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to induce polymerization of DCP, the soil-water phase distribution relationship (PDR) of DCP polymerization products (DPP) was complete within 1 d and PDRs did not significantly change over the 28 d of study. The conversion of DCP to DPP was close to 95% efficient. Extractable solute consisted entirely of DPP with 5% or less of unreacted DCP. The aqueous extractability of DPP from SOM-free geomaterial decreased at longer contact times and at smaller residual aqueous concentrations of DPP. DCP stabilization appeared to have resulted from a combination of sorption, precipitation, and ligand exchange between oligomeric products and the exposed mineral surfaces. Modification of the mineral surface through coverage with DPP enhanced the time-dependent retention of the oligomers. DPP stabilization in SOM-free geomaterial was comparable with that reported in the literature with soil containing SOM contents >1%. Results from this study suggest that the effectiveness of HRP-mediated stabilization of phenolic compounds not only depends on the cross-coupling with SOM, but also on the modification of the surface of the sorbent that can augment affinity with oligomers and enhance stabilization. Coverage of the mineral surface by phenolic oligomers may be analogous to SOM that can potentially

  3. Soil Organic Matter Stability and Soil Carbon Storage with Changes in Land Use Intensity in Uganda

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tiemann, L. K.; Grandy, S.; Hartter, J.

    2014-12-01

    As the foundation of soil fertility, soil organic matter (SOM) formation and break-down is a critical factor of agroecosystem sustainability. In tropical systems where soils are quickly weathered, the link between SOM and soil fertility is particularly strong; however, the mechanisms controlling the stabilization and destabilization of SOM are not well characterized in tropical soils. In western Uganda, we collected soil samples under different levels of land use intensity including maize fields, banana plantations and inside an un-cultivated native tropical forest, Kibale National Park (KNP). To better understand the link between land use intensity and SOM stability we measured total soil C and N, and respiration rates during a 369 d soil incubation. In addition, we separated soils into particle size fractions, and mineral adsorbed SOM in the silt (2-50 μm ) and clay (fractions was dissociated, purified and chemically characterized via pyrolysis-GC/MS. Cultivated soil C and N have declined by 22 and 48%, respectively, in comparison to uncultivated KNP soils. Incubation data indicate that over the last decade, relatively accessible and labile soil organic carbon (SOC) pools have been depleted by 55-59% in cultivated soils. As a result of this depletion, the chemical composition of SOM has been altered such that clay and silt associated SOM differed significantly between agricultural fields and KNP. In particular, nitrogen containing compounds were in lower abundance in agricultural compared to KNP soils. This suggests that N depletion due to agriculture has advanced to pools of mineral associated organic N that are typically protected from break-down. In areas where land use intensity is relatively greater, increases in polysaccharides and lipids in maize fields compared to KNP indicate increases in microbial residues and decomposition by-products as microbes mine SOM for organic N. Chemical characterization of post-incubation SOM will help us better understand

  4. LCA som verktyg för ökad kunskap om miljöpåverkan från golvmaterialen vinyl, linoleum och parkett : Utifrån certifieringskriterier om relevans, potential och styrbarhet

    OpenAIRE

    Yilmaz, Secil

    2012-01-01

    Life Cycle Assesment, LCA, används för att sammanställa och utvärdera in- och utflöden ur ett system samt potentiell miljöpåverkan under en produkts livscykel. Beräkningarna görs genom att se hela produkten ur ett livscykelperspektiv, dvs. från det att produkten är en råvara till det att den hanteras som avfall. Beroende på måldefinition och systemgränser kan detaljgraden och tidsramen för LCA-studien varieras. LCA används för att identifiera möjligheter att förbättra produkten i olika delar ...

  5. Finding and applying evidence during clinical rounds: the "evidence cart".

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sackett, D L; Straus, S E

    1998-10-21

    Physicians need easy access to evidence for clinical decisions while they care for patients but, to our knowledge, no investigators have assessed use of evidence during rounds with house staff. To determine if it was feasible to find and apply evidence during clinical rounds, using an "evidence cart" that contains multiple sources of evidence and the means for projecting and printing them. Descriptive feasibility study of use of evidence during 1 month (April 1997) and anonymous questionnaire (May 1997). General medicine inpatient service. Medical students, house staff, fellows, and attending consultant. Evidence cart that included 2 secondary sources developed by the department (critically appraised topics [CATs] and Redbook), Best Evidence, JAMA Rational Clinical Examination series, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, a physical examination textbook, a radiology anatomy textbook, and a Simulscope, which allows several people to listen simultaneously to the same signs on physical examination. Number of times sources were used, type of sources searched and success of searches, time needed to search, and whether the search affected patient care. The evidence cart was used 98 times, but could not be taken on bedside rounds because of its bulk; hard copies of several sources were taken instead. When the evidence cart was used during team rounds and student rounds, some sources could be accessed quickly enough (10.2-25.4 seconds) to be practical on our service. Of 98 searches, 79 (81%) sought evidence that could affect diagnostic and/or treatment decisions. Seventy-one (90%) of 79 searches regarding patient management were successful, and when assessed from the perspective of the most junior team members responsible for each patient's evaluation and management, 37 (52%) of the 71 successful searches confirmed their current or tentative diagnostic or treatment plans, 18 (25%) led to a new diagnostic skill, an additional test, or a new management decision, and 16 (23

  6. High Class-Imbalance in pre-miRNA Prediction: A Novel Approach Based on deepSOM.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stegmayer, Georgina; Yones, Cristian; Kamenetzky, Laura; Milone, Diego H

    2017-01-01

    The computational prediction of novel microRNA within a full genome involves identifying sequences having the highest chance of being a miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA). These sequences are usually named candidates to miRNA. The well-known pre-miRNAs are usually only a few in comparison to the hundreds of thousands of potential candidates to miRNA that have to be analyzed, which makes this task a high class-imbalance classification problem. The classical way of approaching it has been training a binary classifier in a supervised manner, using well-known pre-miRNAs as positive class and artificially defining the negative class. However, although the selection of positive labeled examples is straightforward, it is very difficult to build a set of negative examples in order to obtain a good set of training samples for a supervised method. In this work, we propose a novel and effective way of approaching this problem using machine learning, without the definition of negative examples. The proposal is based on clustering unlabeled sequences of a genome together with well-known miRNA precursors for the organism under study, which allows for the quick identification of the best candidates to miRNA as those sequences clustered with known precursors. Furthermore, we propose a deep model to overcome the problem of having very few positive class labels. They are always maintained in the deep levels as positive class while less likely pre-miRNA sequences are filtered level after level. Our approach has been compared with other methods for pre-miRNAs prediction in several species, showing effective predictivity of novel miRNAs. Additionally, we will show that our approach has a lower training time and allows for a better graphical navegability and interpretation of the results. A web-demo interface to try deepSOM is available at http://fich.unl.edu.ar/sinc/web-demo/deepsom/.

  7. Embriogênese somática direta em explantes foliares de Coffea arabica L. cv. acaiá cerrado: efeito de cinetina e ácido giberélico Direct somatic embryogenesis in Coffea arabica L. cv. Acaiá Cerrado: kinetin and giberelic acid effects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alba Regina Pereira

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se estudar o efeito da cinetina, GA3 e ANA na indução in vitro de embriões somáticos de cafeeiro pela via direta. Segmentos foliares retirados de plântulas cultivadas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura 'MS' com 50% dos sais contendo as seguintes combinações de cinetina (0; 1; 2; 4 e 8 mg L-1 e GA3 (0; 2,5; 5; 10 e 20 mg L-1. Os meios de cultura utilizados tiveram pH ajustado para 5,8 ± 1 antes de serem autoclavados. O experimento foi mantido em sala de crescimento a 25 ± 1ºC. Avaliou-se número total de embriões somáticos, o número de embriões cotiledonares, o número de embriões torpedo e a média dos comprimentos dos embriões. A ação combinada entre cinetina, GA3 e ANA estimulou a indução de embriões somáticos pela via direta. O maior comprimento de embriões foi observado quando se utilizou 8 mg L-1 de cinetina e 8,0 mg L-1 de ANA ou 17 mg L-1 de GA3 e 8,0 mg L-1 de ANA isoladamente.It was aimed to study kinetin, GA3 and ANA effects in the in vitro induction of direct somatics embryos. Leaf segments withdrawn from plantlets in vitro were inoculated in 'MS'50% containing the following combination of kinetin (0; 1; 2; 4 and 8 mg L-1 and GA3 (0; 2,5; 5; 10 and 20 mg L-1. The culture media utilized had their pH adjusted to 5,8 ± 1 before being autoclaved. The experiment was carried out growth room at 25 ± 1ºC. Total number of embryos, number of embryos cotiledonar, number of embryos of torped and length of embryo were evaluated. The combination between kinetin and GA3 promoved induction of embryos. The use of kinetin 8 mg L-1 and GA3 17 mg L-1 not associate in medium with 8,0mg L-1 of ANA, promoter higher rates in vitro.

  8. Religion

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Riis, Ole

    2004-01-01

    En sociologisk indgang til religion, som individuel religiøsitet, som organisation af et trossamfund og som samfundsinstitution. Religion betragtes både im- og eksplicit, og som både samlende og splittende for sociale fællesskaber.......En sociologisk indgang til religion, som individuel religiøsitet, som organisation af et trossamfund og som samfundsinstitution. Religion betragtes både im- og eksplicit, og som både samlende og splittende for sociale fællesskaber....

  9. Persuasive Evidence: Improving Customer Service through Evidence Based Librarianship

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wendy A. Abbott

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Objective - To demonstrate how evidence based practice has contributed to informaing decisions and resolving issues if concern in service delivery at Bond University Librray. Methods - This paper critically analyses three evidence based research projects conducted at Bond University Library. Each project combined a range of research methods including surveys, literature reviews and the analysis of internal performance data to find solutions to problems in library service delivery. The first research project investigated library opening hours and the feasability of twenty-four hour opening. Another project reseached questions about the management of a collection of feature films on DVD and video. The thrd project investigated issues surrounding the teaching of EndNote to undergarduate students. Results - Despite some deficiencies in the methodologies used, each evidence based research project had positive outcomes. One of the highlights asn an essential feature of the process at Bond University Library was the involvement of stakeholders. The ability to build consensus and agree action plans with stakeholders was an important outcome of that process. Conclusion - Drawing on the experience of these research projects, the paper illustrates the benefits of evidence based information practice to stimulate innovation and improve library services. Librarians, like most professionals, need to continue to develop the skills and a culture to effectively carry out evidence based practice.

  10. Auget som arrangement – om blikk, makt og skjønn i profesjonsutøvinga til barnehagelæraren

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bente Ulla

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstrakt: This article explores knowledge related to the gaze of the kindergarten teachers. By considering performances of the eyes as aspects of professionalism, the article discusses how different arrangements of the gaze are generated in complex conditions of judgment and power. Just as the eyeballs lies deeply tied into the corpus, both the gaze and the knowledge of the kindergarten teachers are deeply tied together in a comprehensive body of knowledge. This article draws upon interviews of kindergarten teachers related to mapping of children’s skills in a Norwegian context.  However, the statements in the study bring in a larger web of judgements in kindergarten. Foucault's theories are chosen as step stones for the discussion.Samandrag: Denne artikkelen handlar om kunnskapskonstruksjonar knytte til barnehagelæraren sitt blikk, og tek føre seg korleis barnehagelæraren bruker blikket i utøvinga av profesjonen sin. Ulike ordningar av blikk kan få grobotn i samansette konstruksjonar av skjønn og makt. Slik augeepla ligg djupt kopla saman med resten av kroppen, er også blikket og kunnskapen til barnehagelæraren djupt kopla saman i ein omfattande kunnskapskropp. Artikkelen tek utgangspunkt i gruppeintervju med barnehagelærarar om kartlegging av barn i ein norsk barnehagekontekst, men utsegnene frå intervjua bringar òg inn ein større vev av vurderingsarbeid i barnehagen. Teoriane til Foucault er nytta som reiskap i drøftinga.

  11. The microbial temperature sensitivity to warming is controlled by thermal adaptation and is independent of C-quality across a pan-continental survey

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berglund, Eva; Rousk, Johannes

    2017-04-01

    Climate models predict that warming will result in an increased loss of soil organic matter (SOM). However, field experiments suggest that although warming results in an immediate increase in SOM turnover, the effect diminishes over time. Although the use and subsequent turnover of SOM is dominated by the soil microbial community, the underlying physiology underpinning warming responses are not considered in current climate models. It has been suggested that a reduction in the perceived quality of SOM to the microbial community, and changes in the microbial thermal adaptation, could be important feed-backs to soil warming. Thus, studies distinguishing between temperature relationships and how substrate quality influences microbial decomposition are a priority. We examined microbial communities and temperature sensitivities along a natural climate gradient including 56 independent samples from across Europe. The gradient included mean annual temperatures (MAT) from ca -4 to 18 ˚ C, along with wide spans of environmental factors known to influence microbial communities, such as pH (4.0 to 8.8), nutrients (C/N from 7 to 50), SOM (from 4 to 94%), and plant communities, etc. The extensive ranges of environmental conditions resulted in wide ranges of substrate quality, indexed as microbial respiration per unit SOM, from 5-150 μg CO2g-1 SOM g-1 h-1. We hypothesised microbial communities to (1) be adapted to the temperature of their climate, leading to warm adapted bacterial communities that were more temperature sensitive (higher Q10s) at higher MAT; (2) have temperature sensitivities affected by the quality of SOM, with higher Q10s for lower quality SOM. To determine the microbial use of SOM and its dependence on temperature, we characterized microbial temperature dependences of bacterial growth (leu inc), fungal growth (ac-in-erg) and soil respiration in all 56 sites. Temperature dependences were determined using brief (ca. 1-2 h at 25˚ C) laboratory incubation

  12. Evidence based medical imaging (EBMI)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Smith, Tony

    2008-01-01

    Background: The evidence based paradigm was first described about a decade ago. Previous authors have described a framework for the application of evidence based medicine which can be readily adapted to medical imaging practice. Purpose: This paper promotes the application of the evidence based framework in both the justification of the choice of examination type and the optimisation of the imaging technique used. Methods: The framework includes five integrated steps: framing a concise clinical question; searching for evidence to answer that question; critically appraising the evidence; applying the evidence in clinical practice; and, evaluating the use of revised practices. Results: This paper illustrates the use of the evidence based framework in medical imaging (that is, evidence based medical imaging) using the examples of two clinically relevant case studies. In doing so, a range of information technology and other resources available to medical imaging practitioners are identified with the intention of encouraging the application of the evidence based paradigm in radiography and radiology. Conclusion: There is a perceived need for radiographers and radiologists to make greater use of valid research evidence from the literature to inform their clinical practice and thus provide better quality services

  13. Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration from pejibaye adult plant leaf primordia Embriogênese somática e regeneração de plantas in vitro a partir de primórdios foliares de pupunheiras adultas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcílio de Almeida

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to evaluate a protocol for plant regeneration by means of somatic embryos obtained from isolated adult pejibaye leaf primordia, and to describe histological origin of embryos and morphogenetic response. Explants were cultivated in modified MS medium. Mesophyll parenchymatous cells originated meristemoids (preembryonic complex formation induced with 7.1 µM BAP in the first two subculture periods. After polarized structures with 12.9 µM NAA and 3.55 µM BAP were formed in the third subculture, somatic embryos developed and regenerated normal plants. The mesophyll parenchymatous cells display high capacity of direct response to the auxin and cytokinin.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um protocolo de regeneração de plantas por meio de embriões somáticos, obtidos a partir de primórdios foliares de pupunheiras adultas e identificar a origem histológica dos embriões e descrever as etapas morfogenéticas. Os explantes foram cultivados em meio MS modificado. Células parenquimáticas do mesofilo originaram meristemóides com BAP (7,1 µM nos dois primeiros períodos de subcultura. A polarização das estruturas ocorreu com ANA (12,9 µM e BAP (3,55 µM no terceiro período de subcultura. Meristemóides se desenvolveram em embriões somáticos, regenerando plantas normais. As células parenquimáticas do mesofilo apresentam elevada capacidade de resposta direta à auxina e à citocinina.

  14. Remoção de células somáticas pela microfiltração não afeta a composição e a proteólise do leite Somatic cell removal by microfiltration does not affect composition and proteolysis of milk

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Veiga dos Santos

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da retirada mecânica das células somáticas do leite cru sobre a composição e a proteólise durante o armazenamento refrigerado do leite pasteurizado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos generalizados ao acaso, no qual foram considerados como blocos as repetições (n=3 e o nível de gordura do leite (desnatado e integral. Utilizou-se um arranjo fatorial de tratamento do tipo 2 x 2, constituído por: dois níveis de contagem de células somáticas - CCS (baixa e alta CCS e pela aplicação ou não da microfiltração ao leite. Foram realizadas, ainda, medidas repetidas no tempo, as quais corresponderam aos dias de coleta do leite pasteurizado durante o período de armazenamento (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias. Os lotes de leite cru de alta (1.000.000cél. mL-1 e baixa (100.000cél. mL-1 CCS foram submetidos ao desnate centrífugo, à microfiltração em sistema a vácuo e, em seguida, os lotes de todos os tratamentos foram pasteurizados e armazenados por 21 dias sob refrigeração a 6°C. Não foi identificado efeito da microfiltração sobre a proteólise do leite, indicando que este tratamento não reduziu a taxa de proteólise do leite de alta CCS durante o período de armazenamento. Foi observado efeito significativo do tempo de armazenamento sobre a proteólise, indicando a manutenção de atividade proteolítica mesmo após a pasteurização do leite. Pode-se concluir que o leite com alta contagem de células somáticas apresenta maior taxa de proteólise durante o período de armazenamento que o leite de baixa contagem de células somáticas. A microfiltração como processo de retirada mecânica das células somáticas do leite não reduz a proteólise do leite durante o armazenamento.This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of raw milk somatic cell removal by microfiltration on the composition and proteolysis during refrigerated storage of pasturized milk. A completely

  15. Novel estimation of the humification degree of soil organic matter by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ferreira, Edilene Cristina, E-mail: edilene@iq.unesp.br [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); São Paulo State University—UNESP, Analytical Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 355, 14801-970 Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, CEP 14800-900 Araraquara, SP (Brazil); Ferreira, Ednaldo José, E-mail: ednaldo.ferreira@embrapa.br [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Villas-Boas, Paulino Ribeiro, E-mail: paulino.villas-boas@embrapa.br [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Senesi, Giorgio Saverio, E-mail: giorgio.senesi@ba.imip.cnr.it [Institute of Inorganic Methodologies and Plasmas, CNR, Bari 70126 (Italy); Carvalho, Camila Miranda, E-mail: camilamc@gmail.com [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, IFSC-USP, Av. Trabalhador são-carlense, 400 Pq. Arnold Schimid, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Romano, Renan Arnon, E-mail: renan.romano@gmail.com [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, IFSC-USP, Av. Trabalhador são-carlense, 400 Pq. Arnold Schimid, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); Martin-Neto, Ladislau, E-mail: ladislau.martin@embrapa.br [Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP (Brazil); and others

    2014-09-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) constitutes an important reservoir of terrestrial carbon and can be considered an alternative for atmospheric carbon storage, contributing to global warming mitigation. Soil management can favor atmospheric carbon incorporation into SOM or its release from SOM to atmosphere. Thus, the evaluation of the humification degree (HD), which is an indication of the recalcitrance of SOM, can provide an estimation of the capacity of carbon sequestration by soils under various managements. The HD of SOM can be estimated by using various analytical techniques including fluorescence spectroscopy. In the present work, the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to estimate the HD of SOM was evaluated for the first time. Intensities of emission lines of Al, Mg and Ca from LIBS spectra showing correlation with fluorescence emissions determined by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) reference technique were used to obtain a multivaried calibration model based on the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method. The values predicted by the proposed model (A-LIBS) showed strong correlation with LIFS results with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.87. The HD of SOM obtained after normalizing A-LIBS by total carbon in the sample showed a strong correlation to that determined by LIFS (0.94), thus suggesting the great potential of LIBS for this novel application. - Highlights: • Humification degree of soil organic matter (HD) • Importance of soil organic matter HD in keeping carbon in soil • Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) for HD estimation (reference method) • New LIBS application to predict HD.

  16. Contrasting effects of elevated CO2 and warming on temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in a Chinese paddy field.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Zhaozhi; Wang, Bingyu; Wang, Jinyang; Pan, Genxing; Xiong, Zhengqin

    2015-10-01

    Climate changes including elevated CO2 and temperature have been known to affect soil carbon (C) storage, while the effects of climate changes on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) are unclear. A 365-day laboratory incubation was used to investigate the temperature sensitivity for decomposition of labile (Q 10-L) and recalcitrant (Q 10-R) SOMs by comparing the time required to decompose a given amount of C at 25 and 35 °C. Soils were collected from a paddy field that was subjected to four treatments: ambient CO2 and temperature, elevated CO2 (500 μmol/mol), enhanced temperature (+2 °C), and their combination. The results showed that the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition increased with increasing SOM recalcitrance in this paddy soil (Q 10-L = 2.21 ± 0.16 vs. Q 10-R = 2.78 ± 0.42; mean ± SD). Elevated CO2 and enhanced temperature showed contrasting effects on the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition. Elevated CO2 stimulated Q 10-R but had no effect on Q 10-L; in contrast, enhanced temperature increased Q 10-L but had no effect on Q 10-R. Furthermore, the elevated CO2 combined with enhanced temperature treatment significantly increased Q 10-L and Q 10-R by 18.9 and 10.2 %, respectively, compared to the ambient conditions. Results suggested that the responses of SOM to temperature, especially for the recalcitrant SOM pool, were altered by climate changes. The greatly enhanced temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition by elevated CO2 and temperature indicates that more CO2 will be released to the atmosphere and losses of soil C may be even greater than that previously expected in paddy field.

  17. African-American English i direkt anföring : Etta James självbiografi översatt till svenska – att anpassa översättningen efter en varietet som inte har någon motsvarighet på svenska

    OpenAIRE

    Anteryd, Linn

    2015-01-01

    Detta examensarbete är indelat i tre delar. Examensarbetet består av en översättning av tre kapitel ur Etta James självbiografi Rage to survive: the Etta James story skriven av James och spökförfattaren David Ritz, samt ett kapitel om vilka textspecifika översättningsproblem som uppstod vid översättningen. Den tredje delen består av en djupanalys av hur varieteten African-American English (AAE) översatts i två andra verk, nämligen I know why the caged bird sings av Maya Angelou och The bluest...

  18. The regulation by phenolic compounds of soil organic matter dynamics under a changing environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Min, Kyungjin; Freeman, Chris; Kang, Hojeong; Choi, Sung-Uk

    2015-01-01

    Phenolics are the most abundant plant metabolites and are believed to decompose slowly in soils compared to other soil organic matter (SOM). Thus, they have often been considered as a slow carbon (C) pool in soil dynamics models. Here, however, we review changes in our concept about the turnover rate of phenolics and quantification of different types of phenolics in soils. Also, we synthesize current research on the degradation of phenolics and their regulatory effects on decomposition. Environmental changes, such as elevated CO2, warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, and drought, could influence the production and form of phenolics, leading to a change in SOM dynamics, and thus we also review the fate of phenolics under environmental disturbances. Finally, we propose the use of phenolics as a tool to control rates of SOM decomposition to stabilize organic carbon in ecosystems. Further studies to clarify the role of phenolics in SOM dynamics should include improving quantification methods, elucidating the relationship between phenolics and soil microorganisms, and determining the interactive effects of combinations of environmental changes on the phenolics production and degradation and subsequent impact on SOM processing.

  19. Soil fauna: key to new carbon models

    Science.gov (United States)

    Filser, Juliane; Faber, Jack H.; Tiunov, Alexei V.; Brussaard, Lijbert; Frouz, Jan; De Deyn, Gerlinde; Uvarov, Alexei V.; Berg, Matty P.; Lavelle, Patrick; Loreau, Michel; Wall, Diana H.; Querner, Pascal; Eijsackers, Herman; José Jiménez, Juan

    2016-11-01

    Soil organic matter (SOM) is key to maintaining soil fertility, mitigating climate change, combatting land degradation, and conserving above- and below-ground biodiversity and associated soil processes and ecosystem services. In order to derive management options for maintaining these essential services provided by soils, policy makers depend on robust, predictive models identifying key drivers of SOM dynamics. Existing SOM models and suggested guidelines for future SOM modelling are defined mostly in terms of plant residue quality and input and microbial decomposition, overlooking the significant regulation provided by soil fauna. The fauna controls almost any aspect of organic matter turnover, foremost by regulating the activity and functional composition of soil microorganisms and their physical-chemical connectivity with soil organic matter. We demonstrate a very strong impact of soil animals on carbon turnover, increasing or decreasing it by several dozen percent, sometimes even turning C sinks into C sources or vice versa. This is demonstrated not only for earthworms and other larger invertebrates but also for smaller fauna such as Collembola. We suggest that inclusion of soil animal activities (plant residue consumption and bioturbation altering the formation, depth, hydraulic properties and physical heterogeneity of soils) can fundamentally affect the predictive outcome of SOM models. Understanding direct and indirect impacts of soil fauna on nutrient availability, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions and plant growth is key to the understanding of SOM dynamics in the context of global carbon cycling models. We argue that explicit consideration of soil fauna is essential to make realistic modelling predictions on SOM dynamics and to detect expected non-linear responses of SOM dynamics to global change. We present a decision framework, to be further developed through the activities of KEYSOM, a European COST Action, for when mechanistic SOM models

  20. Akupunktur til patienten med kvalme og opkastning i forbindelse med kemoterapi - er der evidens for dette?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Birgith; Sørensen, Lene Bundgaard; Stricker, Lisbeth

    2008-01-01

      Patienter, der får kemoterapi med højemetogene stoffer lider stadig af kvalme og opkastning trods understøttende behandling med moderne antieemtika som 5HT3-antagonister eksempelvis ondansetron. Akupunkturstimulation anvendes for flere lidelser i sundhedsvæsenet og det undersøges om der er evid...

  1. Understanding evidence: a statewide survey to explore evidence-informed public health decision-making in a local government setting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Armstrong, Rebecca; Waters, Elizabeth; Moore, Laurence; Dobbins, Maureen; Pettman, Tahna; Burns, Cate; Swinburn, Boyd; Anderson, Laurie; Petticrew, Mark

    2014-12-14

    The value placed on types of evidence within decision-making contexts is highly dependent on individuals, the organizations in which the work and the systems and sectors they operate in. Decision-making processes too are highly contextual. Understanding the values placed on evidence and processes guiding decision-making is crucial to designing strategies to support evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM). This paper describes how evidence is used to inform local government (LG) public health decisions. The study used mixed methods including a cross-sectional survey and interviews. The Evidence-Informed Decision-Making Tool (EvIDenT) survey was designed to assess three key domains likely to impact on EIDM: access, confidence, and organizational culture. Other elements included the usefulness and influence of sources of evidence (people/groups and resources), skills and barriers, and facilitators to EIDM. Forty-five LGs from Victoria, Australia agreed to participate in the survey and up to four people from each organization were invited to complete the survey (n = 175). To further explore definitions of evidence and generate experiential data on EIDM practice, key informant interviews were conducted with a range of LG employees working in areas relevant to public health. In total, 135 responses were received (75% response rate) and 13 interviews were conducted. Analysis revealed varying levels of access, confidence and organizational culture to support EIDM. Significant relationships were found between domains: confidence, culture and access to research evidence. Some forms of evidence (e.g. community views) appeared to be used more commonly and at the expense of others (e.g. research evidence). Overall, a mixture of evidence (but more internal than external evidence) was influential in public health decision-making in councils. By comparison, a mixture of evidence (but more external than internal evidence) was deemed to be useful in public health decision

  2. Internet som tekstsamling og ressourcebank i sprogundervisningen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, Bernt Carsten

    2003-01-01

    process framework of Information Management. Here, information searching, evaluation, registration and presentation are guidelines. In information searching, the points touched upon include search engine strategies, such as qualified URL guessing and language checking. Information evaluation mentions...

  3. Tankene er som klumper inni hodet – så blir de oppløst i løpet av samtalen: Opplevelser knyttet til hvordan coachingsamtaler påvirker motivasjon for å fullføre en videreutdanning kombinert med jobb og familie

    OpenAIRE

    Aas, Randi Sesseng

    2010-01-01

    For å besvare problemstillingen, har jeg brukt en kvalitativ metode med en fenomenologisk tilnærming. Det kvalitative forskningsintervjuet er brukt for å samle inn data fra 4 intervjuer. Jeg gjorde lydopptak av intervjuene for å sikre at all informasjonen som ble gitt ble ivaretatt. For å få frem den ønskede informasjonen, har jeg brukt mine coachingferdigheter. Jeg tenker da spesielt på oppfølgingsspørsmål og "danse i øyeblikket". Speiling og oppsummering for å klarlegge at jeg har forstått ...

  4. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro by bacteriocinogenic Lactococcus lactis KTH0-1S isolated from Thai fermented shrimp (Kung-som) and safety evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saelao, Sutanate; Maneerat, Suppasil; Kaewsuwan, Sireewan; Rabesona, Hanitra; Choiset, Yvan; Haertlé, Thomas; Chobert, Jean-Marc

    2017-05-01

    Lactococcus lactis KTH0-1S isolated from Thai traditional fermented shrimp (Kung-som) is able to produce heat-stable bacteriocin and inhibits food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens. The inhibitory effect of bacteriocin remained intact after treatment with different pHs and after heating, but was sensitive to some proteolytic enzymes. Addition of bacteriocin KTH0-1S to Staphylococcus aureus cultures decreased viable cell counts by 2.8 log CFU/ml, demonstrating a bactericidal mode of action. Furthermore, the growth of S. aureus decreased significantly after 12-h co-cultivation with bacteriocinogenic strain. The molecular mass of bacteriocin KTH0-1S was found to be 3.346 kDa after ammonium sulfate precipitation, reversed phase (C 8 Sep-Pak), cation-exchange chromatography, RP-HPLC on C 8 column and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Bacteriocin KTH0-1S was identified as nisin Z using PCR amplification and sequencing. The majority of tested virulence factors were absent, confirming the safety. Evidenced inhibitory effect of this strain, the absence of virulence factors creates the possibility for its application as protective culture to inhibit pathogenic bacteria in the several fermented seafood products.

  5. Influência da contagem de células somáticas sobre os componentes do leite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available mastite é uma inflamação da glândula mamária caracterizada por alterações do tecido glandular, causando distúrbios funcionais no quarto mamário afetado. Por sua vez, estes distúrbios induzem a diminuição na produção do leite e alterações em sua composição centesimal, suas propriedades físico-químicas, bacteriológicas e sensoriais.O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da contagem de células somáticas (CCS sobre os componentes do leite. Foram avaliados os resultados de 156.465 amostras analisadas pelo laboratório da Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa, durante o período de julho a setembro de 2012. Foram determinadas a CCS e os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, sólidos totais, caseína e extrato seco desengordurado (ESD. A gordura apresentou maior coeficiente de variação, seguida pelos teores de caseína, proteína, sólidos totais, ESD e, finalmente, o componente que apresentou menor variação foi a lactose. Entre as amostras avaliadas, 47,4% apresentaram ao menos um resultado em desacordo com os limites estipulados pela legislação brasileira. Para a CCS, 21,8% das amostras apresentaram resultados acima do padrão. O teor de gordura apresentou correlação positiva com a CCS. Por outro lado, o teor lactose e o ESD apresentaram correlação negativa com a CCS. O teor de proteína total não sofreu influência da CCS, no entanto, a caseína apresentou correlação positiva com a CCS. A mastite afeta a qualidade do leite, uma vez que promove alterações significativas nos seus componentes, principalmente gordura, lactose e caseína.

  6. Spatial variability of primary organic sources regulates ichthyofauna distribution despite seasonal influence in Terminos lagoon and continental shelf of Campeche, Mexico

    Science.gov (United States)

    Romo Rios, J. A.; Aguíñiga-García, S.; Sanchez, A.; Zetina-Rejón, M.; Arreguín-Sánchez, F.; Tripp-Valdéz, A.; Galeana-Cortazár, A.

    2013-05-01

    Human activities have strong impacts on coastal ecosystems functioning through their effect on primary organic sources distributions and resulting biodiversity. Hence, it appears to be of utmost importance to quantify contribution of primary producers to sediment organic matter (SOM) spatial variability and its associated ichthyofauna. The Terminos lagoon (Gulf of Mexico) is a tropical estuary severely impacted by human activities even though of primary concern for its biodiversity, its habitats, and its resource supply. Stable isotope data (d13C, d15N) from mangrove, seaweed, seagrass, phytoplankton, ichthyofauna and SOM were sampled in four zones of the lagoon and the continental shelf through windy (November to February), dry (March to June) and rainy (July to October) seasons. Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) mixing model were used to determine relative contributions of the autotrophic sources to the ichthyofauna and SOM. Analysis of variance of ichthyofauna isotopic values showed significant differences (P < 0.001) in the four zones of lagoon despite the variability introduced by the windy, dry and rainy seasons. In lagoons rivers discharge zone, the mangrove contribution to ichthyofauna was 40% and 84% to SOM. Alternative use of habitat by ichthyofauna was evidenced since in the deep area of the lagoon (4 m), the contribution of mangrove to fish is 50%, and meanwhile contribution to SOM is only 77%. Although phytoplankton (43%) and seaweed (41%) contributions to the adjacent continental shelf ichthyofauna were the main organic sources, there was 37% mangrove contribution to SOM, demonstrating conspicuous terrigenous influence from lagoon ecosystem. Our results point toward organic sources spatial variations that regulate fish distribution. In Terminos lagoon, significant correlation (p-value = 0.2141 and r=0.79) of Ariopsis felis and Sphoeroides testudineus abundances and seaweed and seagrasses contributions (30-35%) during both dry and rainy seasons

  7. δ13C values of soil organic matter in semiarid grassland with mesquite (Prosopis) encroachment in southeastern Arizona

    Science.gov (United States)

    Biggs, Thomas H.; Quade, Jay; Webb, Robert H.

    2002-01-01

    Over the past century, C3 woody plants and trees have increased in abundance in many semiarid ecosystems, displacing native C4 grasses. Livestock grazing, climatic fluctuations, and fire suppression are several reasons proposed for this shift. Soil carbon isotopic signatures are an ideal technique to evaluate carbon turnover rates in such ecosystems. On the gunnery ranges of Fort Huachuca in southeastern Arizona, study sites were established on homogeneous granitic alluvium to investigate the effects of fire frequency on δ13C values in surface soil organic matter (SOM). These ranges have had no livestock grazing for 50 years and a well-documented history of fires. Prosopis velutina Woot. (mesquite) trees have altered SOM δ13C pools by the concentration of plant nutrients and the addition of isotopically light litter. These soil carbon changes do not extend beyond canopy margins. Elevated total organic carbon (TOC), plant nutrient (N and P) concentrations, and depleted SOM δ13C values are associated with C3Prosopis on an unburned plot, which enables recognition of former Prosopis-occupied sites on plots with recent fire histories. Elevated nutrient concentrations associated with former Prosopis are retained in SOM for many decades. Surface SOM δ13C values indicate the estimated minimum turnover time of C4-derived carbon beneath large mature Prosopis is about 100–300 years. In contrast, complete turnover of original C3 carbon to C4 carbon under grasslands is estimated to take a minimum of 150–500 years. Our study confirms that C4 grass cover has declined over the past 100 years, although isolated C3 trees or shrubs were not uncommon on the historic C4-dominated grasslands. We find evidence in surface soil layers for a modern C3 plant expansion reflected in the substantial shift of SOM δ13C values from C4 grasses to C3 shrublands.

  8. Controls upon microbial accessibility to soil organic matter following woody plant encroachment into grasslands

    Science.gov (United States)

    Creamer, C. A.; Boutton, T. W.; Filley, T. R.

    2009-12-01

    Woody plant encroachment (WPE) into savannas and grasslands is a global phenomenon that alters soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics through changes in litter quality and quantity, soil structure, microbial ecology, and soil hydrology. To elucidate the controls upon microbial accessibility to SOM, bulk soils from a chronosequence of progressive WPE into native grasslands at the Texas A&M Agricultural Experimental Station La Copita Research Area were incubated for one year. The quantity and stable carbon isotope composition of respired CO2, plant biopolymer chemistry in SOM, and microbial community structure were tracked. Respiration rates declined steadily over the course of the experiment with 15-25% of the total CO2 respired released in the first month of incubation. Between 8 and 18% of the total carbon was mineralized to CO2 throughout the incubation. After day 84 a significantly (p evidence of enhanced carbon stabilization in these respiration experiments. In fact, a greater proportion of total carbon was lost from the soil of mature woody stands than from young stands, suggesting carbon accumulation observed with WPE may be due to greater input rates or microbial dynamics not captured in the laboratory incubation. A cluster approximately 34 years in age represents a transition point in WPE where respiration dynamics become distinct between grassland and wooded elements. By day 84 of the incubation CO2 respired from all soils was depleted with respect to bulk SOM (1.5 to 5‰) and this pattern remained for the rest of the incubation. As the depletion of CO2 relative to bulk SOM was observed in grassland and cluster soils, we hypothesized the depleted signature resulted from the utilization of depleted biopolymers, specifically lignin, cutin and suberin, as hypothesized by others. Quantitative and isotopic comparisons of these monomers prior to and following the incubation will determine if selective compound utilization is a reason for this depletion. The results

  9. Hva er Digital Valuta? Hva slags formuerettslig produkt er digital valuta? Omfattes slike finansielle produkter av gjeldende finansreguleringer og hvordan burde de reguleres?

    OpenAIRE

    Heggen, Vilde Stuvøy

    2014-01-01

    Det er kanskje ingen overraskelse at man i internettalderen har funnet på en valuta som kun eksisterer på nett. Per i dag eksisterer det flere slike nettvalutaer, med varierende grad av oppslutning. Spørsmålet som stilles i oppgaven er hva slags formuerettslig objekt digital valuta er. Jeg regner digital valuta som alle valutaer som hovedsakelig er å finne på nett og som ikke utstedes av eller på vegne av en statsmakt. Definisjonen omfatter både kryptovalutaer som Bitcoin, som nok er mest kje...

  10. Er det legitimt at være gammel og svækket?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thuesen, Jette

    2013-01-01

    I artiklen diskuteres rehabilitering som begreb og som praksis. Artiklen indgår i temanummer af tidsskriftet Gerontologi om hverdagsrehabilitering og er en kritisk kommentar til italesættelsen af hverdagsrehabilitering som et nyt paradigme.......I artiklen diskuteres rehabilitering som begreb og som praksis. Artiklen indgår i temanummer af tidsskriftet Gerontologi om hverdagsrehabilitering og er en kritisk kommentar til italesættelsen af hverdagsrehabilitering som et nyt paradigme....

  11. Drømmefabrikken

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paulo Affonso Grisolli

    1994-09-01

    Full Text Available Som mangeårig producent af telenovelaer både i Brasilien og Portugal, kender Grisolli alle sider af telenovelaen: Novelaen som de fattiges drøm om rigdom og succes, novelaen som et redskab i TV-kanalernes kamp om seerne, som exportvare, som glansbillede under det brasillianske dik- tatur, som industriprodukt og som politisk igangsætter. I denne artikel be- skriver Grisolli sine erfaringer med gode og dårlige sider af telenovela- fascinationen i Latinamerika og præsenterer en ny genre, som er på vej frem i Brasilien, mini-serien. Artiklen er Grisollis foredrag på Folkekirkens Nødhjælps Konference om TV og Video i Latinamerika, november 1992.

  12. Planlægning som teater og byen som scene

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lorentzen, Anne Birte

    2015-01-01

    The paper analyses the iconic urban planning of Vancouver, Canada. In its transformation process from ressource periphery to service economic hub, planners have mobilized the population in the search for sustainable solutions to Vancouver's growth. Inspiration has been taken from the notion of 'the...... experience economy'. This entails a focus on user experience, stakeholder involvement, cross sectional cooperation and an integrative perspective of the urban landscapes and urban life. Vancouver today is acknowledged as one of the worlds most liveable cities....

  13. A portrait of trading firms in the services sectors: Comparable evidence from four EU countries

    OpenAIRE

    Haller, Stefanie A.; Damijan, Jože; Kaitila, Ville; Kostevc, Črt; Maliranta, Mika; Milet, Emmanuel; Mirza, Daniel; Rojec, Matija

    2012-01-01

    We establish a set of stylised facts for trade and trading firms in five market services sectors using comparable firm-level and services data from four EU countries. Our analysis shows that exports account for much lower shares of overall sales in the services sectors than in manufacturing. In line with this there are also fewer firms engaged in trade in the services sectors than in manufacturing; trade intensities, in turn, vary by services sector and country. Trade by services firms is som...

  14. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: state of the evidence

    Science.gov (United States)

    Allen, Kelli D.; Golightly, Yvonne M.

    2015-01-01

    Purpose of review This review focuses on recent studies of osteoarthritis epidemiology, including research on prevalence, incidence, and a broad array of potential risk factors at the person level and joint level. Recent findings Studies continue to illustrate the high impact of osteoarthritis worldwide, with increasing incidence. Person-level risk factors with strong evidence regarding osteoarthritis incidence and/or progression include age, sex, socioeconomic status, family history, and obesity. Joint-level risk factors with strong evidence for incident osteoarthritis risk include injury and occupational joint loading; the associations of injury and joint alignment with osteoarthritis progression are compelling. Moderate levels of physical activity have not been linked to increased osteoarthritis risk. Some topics of high recent interest or emerging evidence for association with osteoarthritis include metabolic pathways, vitamins, joint shape, bone density, limb length inequality, muscle strength and mass, and early structural damage. Summary Osteoarthritis is a complex, multifactorial disease, and there is still much to learn regarding mechanisms underlying incidence and progression. However, there are several known modifiable and preventable risk factors, including obesity and joint injury; efforts to mitigate these risks can help to lessen the impact of osteoarthritis. PMID:25775186

  15. Introduction to evidence-based medicine(EBM)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Choe, Jae Gol

    2001-01-01

    EBM is 'the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.' EBM is the integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best evidence into the decision making process for patient care. The practice of EBM is usually triggered by patient encounters which generate questions about the effects of therapy, the utility of diagnostic tests, the prognosis of diseases, or the etiology of disorders. The best evidence is usually found in clinically relevant research that has been conducted using sound methodology. Evidence-based medicine requires new skills of the clinician, including efficient literature-searching, and the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature. Evidence-based medicine converts the abstract exercise of reading and appraising the literature into the pragmatic process of using the literature to benefit individual patients while simultaneously expanding the clinician's knowledge base. This review will briefly discuss about concepts of evidence medicine and method of critical appraisal of literatures

  16. Detection of somatic coliphages as indicators of faecal contamination in estuarine waters Detección de colifagos somáticos como indicadores de contaminación fecal en aguas estuarinas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. S. Brezina

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The appearance of enteric disease outbreaks associated with the use of waters considered bacteriologically suitable, calls for the search of new and more precise indicators. Samples of estuarine water were collected in order to quantify E. coli and E. coli ATCC 13706 somatic coliphages and to compare the usefulness of the latter to detect faecal contamination when the concentration of traditional indicators is not quantifiable. Statistical analyses suggested the division of sampling sites into two groups: group I and group II, according to the minor or major level of faecal pollution respectively registered. In group II a high correlation between the coliphages and E. coli (r: 0.73 pLa aparición de brotes de enfermedades víricas entéricas asociadas al uso de aguas bacteriológicamente aptas impone la búsqueda de nuevos y más precisos indicadores de contaminación. Se recolectaron muestras de agua estuarina, donde se cuantificaron simultáneamente la bacteria E. coli y los colifagos somáticos de E. coli ATCC 13706, a fin de evaluar la utilidad de estos últimos para detectar contaminación fecal cuando la concentración de los indicadores tradicionales no es cuantificable. Los resultados estadísticos sugirieron la división de las estaciones de muestreo en dos grupos, I y II, de acuerdo con el menor o mayor nivel de contaminación fecal registrado, respectivamente. En el grupo II se detectó una alta correlación entre los recuentos de colifagos y de E. coli (r: 0,73 p<0,01. Asimismo, en este grupo la abundancia de E. coli siempre superó a la de colifagos. En el grupo I la correlación fue estadísticamente significativa (r: 0,55 p < 0,05, pero de mediana magnitud, los recuentos de colifagos superaron a los de E. coli, y éstos fueron detectados aun en ausencia de la bacteria. En conclusión, los colifagos somáticos de E. coli ATCC 13706 serían una herramienta accesoria en el diagnóstico del nivel de contaminación fecal de aguas

  17. (REARRANJOS DE UMA “UTOPIA DO SOM NACIONAL”: a bossa nova como realização do projeto musical modernista de Mário de Andrade(REARRANGEMENTS OF A “UTOPIA OF A NATIONAL SOUND”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manoel Dourado Bastos

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho procura argumentar sobre a relação histórica entre o projeto de Mário de Andrade para a música brasileira (sua “utopia do som nacional”, segundo Arnaldo Contier e sua uma realização possível com a bossa nova. Apresenta-se em linhas gerais o referido projeto andradiano, seu caráter engajado, suas incursões na problemática do “popular” e do “erudito” e sua filiação à obsessão nacional pela formação. Expõe-se pontualmente a possível compreensão da bossa nova como um projeto modernista, sugerindo uma lógica de continuidade na experiência musical brasileira.

  18. Soil biogeochemical and fungal patterns across a precipitation gradient in the lowland tropical rainforests of French Guiana

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soong, J.; Verbruggen, E.; Janssens, I.

    2016-12-01

    The Guyafor network contains over 12 pristine tropical rainforest long-term research sites throughout French Guiana, with a focus on vegetation and environmental monitoring at regular intervals. However, biogeochemical and belowground insights are needed to complete the picture of ecosystem functioning in these lowland tropical rainforests, which are critical to Earth's water and energy balance. Improving our biogeochemical understanding of these ecosystems is needed to improve Earth System Models, which poorly represent tropical systems. In July 2015 we sampled soils and litter from 12 of the Guyafor permanent plots in French Guiana spanning a mean annual precipitation gradient of over 2000 mm per year. We measured soil texture, pH, C, N and available P stocks in the top 30 cm, and fungal biodiversity using ITS DNA sequencing and characterized soil organic matter (SOM) C, N and P distribution among physically defined SOM fractions. We also measured litter layer standing stocks and CNP stoichiometry. We found significant stocks of SOM in the top 30 cm of the soil varying by a factor of 4 in the top 30 cm of soil with a negative correlation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil C and N with available P. Available P was also a strong predictor of fungal community composition. Furthermore there is evidence for precipitation and mineralogical influences on leaf litter and SOM dynamics highlighting the importance of heterogeneity in tropical soil substrates and sub-climates in better understanding the biogeochemistry of tropical ecosystems.

  19. From Turnover-Oriented to Functional Soil Organic Matter Pools: a Lesson Learned from Stable Isotope Tracing

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cotrufo, M. F.

    2016-12-01

    Globally soils contain three times the amount of carbon (C) stored in the atmosphere, and 68% of this is stored in soil below 30cm. Changes to the size of the soil C stocks could significantly impact the net terrestrial-atmosphere CO2 exchange and thus either mitigate or increase concentrations of CO2. Yet we are currently unable to conduct reliable predictions of the direction and magnitude of soil C stock changes, since current soil C models fail to accurately capture the current understanding of how soil organic matter (SOM) forms and persists, and (2) the vertical movement and deep soil processing of SOM. We propose shifting soil C modelling approaches from a turnover-oriented approach to a more functional-oriented approach, where measurable SOM pools with specific function in soils, with respect to their physical structure (soluble versus particulate), microbial accessibility (free versus mineral or aggregate protection) and ability to transfer along the soil profile (through water flow or by mass transport) are represented. We will present experimental evidence from a number of studies conducted in the past few years using stable isotope tracing in support of incorporating a dissolved organic matter (DOM)-microbial path and a physical transfer of particulate organic matter path in SOM models. We will also show how, through the DOM-microbial path, fresh plant inputs quickly result in the formation of new mineral-associated organic matter.

  20. Nitrogen mediates CO2-induced changes in rhizosphere priming effects in an aggrading forest (Invited)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phillips, R.; Bernhardt, E. S.; Finzi, A.

    2009-12-01

    Root-induced changes in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition are likely to provide an important feedback to carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems but to date, there have been few measurements of such “priming effects” in forest soils. Our goal was to estimate the potential magnitude of SOM priming in a 28 year-old loblolly pine stand exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient + 200 ppm) and nitrogen fertilization (11 g m-2 yr-1) at the Duke Forest FACE site, NC. We hypothesized that CO2- and nitrogen-induced changes in carbon supply to soil via root exudation would mediate the magnitude and timing of priming effects. Over a two-year period, trees exposed to CO2 enrichment increased dissolved carbon supply to soil by ~50% in nutrient-poor soils, resulting in a doubling of microbial biomass in the rhizosphere in the upper 10 cm of mineral soil (p proteolytic extracellular enzymes involved in SOM depolymerization, with the greatest changes occurring in non-fertilized soils. We interpret the enhanced microbial and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere as evidence of root-induced priming effects. Collectively, our results suggest that although increased carbon flux from to roots to soil may provide a mechanism for trees to accelerate soil nitrogen cycling under elevated CO2, such inputs may also accelerate SOM decomposition and thus reduce storage in the longest lived, most stable pools of carbon in aggrading forests.