Controle optique de qubits lies a des centres isoelectroniques d'azote dans le GaAs

Science.gov (United States)

Ethier-Majcher, Gabriel

Le traitement de l'information quantique est un domaine de recherche actuellement en pleine effervescence car il laisse entrevoir une revolution dans notre facon de traiter et d'echanger de l'information. D'une part, l'ordinateur quantique promet de resoudre des problemes comme la factorisation d'un polynome de facon beaucoup plus efficace qu'un ordinateur classique. D'autre part, les communications quantiques promettent l'echange d'information de facon fondamentalement inviolable. Afin de tirer pleinement profit de ces nouvelles technologies, il sera avantageux de construire des reseaux quantiques. Dans un tel reseau, des processeurs quantiques, les noeuds, seront connectes par des photons voyageant dans des fibres optiques. Les reseaux quantiques permettront de deployer les communications quantiques a grande echelle et de creer des super-ordinateurs quantiques. La realisation de reseaux quantiques necessitera des interfaces optiques pouvant echanger l'information de facon coherente entre un qubit (bit d'information quantique) et un photon. L'implementation de telles interfaces dans un systeme physique s'avere un important defi scientifique et technologique. Or, les systemes actuellement envisages a cette fin souffrent d'un faible couplage avec la lumiere ou encore de grandes inhomogeneites, constituant des obstacles a la realisation de reseaux a grande echelle. Dans cette these, le potentiel des centres isoelectroniques pour realiser des interfaces optiques est evalue. Deux types de qubits lies a des paires d'azote dans le GaAs sont consideres : les qubits excitoniques et les qubits de spin electronique, controlables par l'intermediaire d'excitons charges. Le controle optique complet des qubits excitoniques est demontre, ce qui constitue la premiere realisation du genre dans les centres isoelectroniques. L'observation d'excitons charges dans ce systeme, liant a la fois des trous lourds et des trous legers, laisse entrevoir de nouvelles possibilites afin de

Le laboratoire, le temple et le marché

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

De manière générale, les auteurs insistent sur le fait que c'est leur foi qui leur a .... nettement que dans de nombreux cercles, le besoin était vivement ressenti de ... Le Dr Kapur présente tout d'abord une brève discussion sur sa vision du ...... pour les soins aux enfants orphelins et aux pauvres et pour la renaissance des ...

Skin cancer interventions across the cancer control continuum: Review of technology, environment, and theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Jennifer M; Dickerman, Barbra A; Okhovat, Jean-Phillip; Geller, Alan C; Dwyer, Laura A; Hartman, Anne M; Perna, Frank M

2018-06-01

The National Cancer Institute's Skin Cancer Intervention across the Cancer Control Continuum model was developed to summarize research and identify gaps concerning skin cancer interventions. We conducted a mapping review to characterize whether behavioral interventions addressing skin cancer prevention and control from 2000 to 2015 included (1) technology, (2) environmental manipulations (policy and/or built environment), and (3) a theoretical basis. We included 86 studies with a randomized controlled or quasi-experimental design that targeted behavioral intervention in skin cancer for children and/or adults; seven of these were dissemination or implementation studies. Of the interventions described in the remaining 79 articles, 57 promoted only prevention behaviors (e.g., ultraviolet radiation protection), five promoted only detection (e.g., skin examinations), 10 promoted both prevention and detection, and seven focused on survivorship. Of the 79 non-dissemination studies, two-thirds used some type of technology (n=52; 65.8%). Technology specific to skin cancer was infrequently used: UVR photography was used in 15.2% of studies (n=12), reflectance spectroscopy was used in 12.7% (n=10), and dermatoscopes (n=1) and dosimeters (n=2) were each used in less than 3%. Ten studies (12.7%) targeted the built environment. Fifty-two (65.8%) of the studies included theory-based interventions. The most common theories were Social Cognitive Theory (n=20; 25.3%), Health Belief Model (n=17; 21.5%), and the Theory of Planned Behavior/Reasoned Action (n=12; 15.2%). Results suggest that skin cancer specific technology and environmental manipulations are underutilized in skin cancer behavioral interventions. We discuss implications of these results for researchers developing skin cancer behavioral interventions. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana : un modèle inspirant ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Avec ses partenaires du Sud, avec aussi le soutien du Centre de recherches pour le développement international ( CRDI ), organisme canadien, Ray a étudié le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana dans la lutte contre le VIH et le sida. Les collectivités politiques antérieures au colonialisme sont une ...

Digitalisation in atomic pile control (1962); La digitalisation dans le controle des piles atomiques (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furet, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

A brief survey is first given of the general theorems of Boodle's algebra and of sequence systems using D.A. Huffmans theory. Some indications are then given concerning the setting-up and the operation of digital computers and also of the principal codes used in digital techniques. It is then shown how digitalisation in atomic pile control makes it possible to use new techniques having the following advantages in particular: greater working safety, a higher degree of centralisation, and suppression of the linear elements. A few examples are given of the application of these techniques to control, particularly with respect to the measurement of the neutronic power and of the period and also of course, to the treatment of the data and the sequence automatisms. The advantage of using digital techniques in the shutdown channels is also examined. Finally a review is given of the technology and the viability of the control devices used. (author) [French] On rappelle d'abord ici les theoremes generaux de l'algebre de Boole et des systemes a sequences en s'appuyant sur la theorie de D.A. Huffmann. On donne ensuite quelques indications sur l'agencement et le fonctionnement des calculateurs digitaux ainsi que les principaux codes utilises dans les techniques digitales. On montre alors comment la digitalisation dans le controle des piles atomiques permet d'utiliser de nouvelles techniques presentant principalement les avantages suivants: securite de fonctionnement plus grande, centralisation plus elevee et suppression des elements lineaires. Un certain nombre d'exemples sont donnes sur l'application de ces techniques au controle, particulierement en ce qui concerne la mesure de la puissance neutronique, de la periode et aussi bien entendu du traitement des informations et des automatismes a sequences. On analyse aussi l'avantage de l'utilisation des techniques digitales dans les chaines de securite. Enfin, un apercu est donne sur la technologie et la fiabilite des dispositifs

Interface dermatitis in skin lesions of Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease: a histopathological marker of evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus?

Science.gov (United States)

Paradela, S; Lorenzo, J; Martínez-Gómez, W; Yebra-Pimentel, T; Valbuena, L; Fonseca, E

2008-12-01

Kikuchi's disease (KD) is a self-limiting histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Cutaneous manifestations are frequent and usually show histopathological findings similar to those observed in the involved lymph nodes. HNL with superposed histological features to KD has been described in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), and a group of healthy patients previously reported as having HNL may evolve into LE after several months. Up to date, features to predict which HNL patients will have a self-limiting disease and which could develop LE have been not identified. In order to clarify the characteristics of skin lesions associated with KD, we report a case of HNL with evolution into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a review of previous reports of KD with cutaneous manifestations. A 17-year-old woman presented with a 4-month history of fever and generalised lymphadenopathy. A diagnosis of HNL was established based on a lymph node biopsy. One month later, she developed an erythematoedematous rash on her upper body, with histopathological findings of interface dermatitis. After 8 months, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) at titre of 1/320, anti-DNA-ds antibodies and marked decrease of complement levels were detected. During the following 2 years, she developed diagnostic criteria for SLE, with arthralgias, pleuritis, aseptic meningitis, haemolytic anaemia and lupus nephritis. To our knowledge, 27 cases of nodal and cutaneous KD have been reported, 9 of which later developed LE. In all these patients, the skin biopsy revealed interface dermatitis. Skin biopsy revealed a pattern of interface dermatitis in all reviewed KD cases, which evolved into LE. Even this histopathological finding was not previously considered significant; it might be a marker of evolution into LE.

Safety precautions in atomic pile control (1962); Securite dans le controle des piles atomiques (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furet, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

We have been led to study the problem of safety in atomic pile control as a result of our participation on the one hand in the planning of C.E.A. atomic piles, and on the other hand in the pile safety sub omission considering atomic pile safety of operational or planned C.E.A. piles. We have thus had to consider the wishes occurring in piles during their operation and also their behaviour in the dynamic state The present work deals mainly with the importance of intrinsic safety devices, with the influence of reactivity variations on the power fluctuations during accidental operation, and with the development of robust and reliable safety appliances. The starting p accident has been especially studied both for low-flux piles where a compromise is necessary between the response time of the safety appliances and the statistical fluctuations and for high lux piles where xenon poisoning has an effect on the lower limit of the velocity of reactivity liberation. The desirability has been stressed of automation as a safety factor in atomic pile control. The details required for an understanding of the diagrams of the apparatus are given. (author) [French] Nous avons aborde le probleme de la securite dans le controle des piles atomiques a la suite de notre participation d'une part aux avant rojets de piles atomiques du CE.A. et d'autre part a l'examen au sein de la sous ommission de surete des piles, de la securite des piles du CE.A. en fonctionnement ou en projet. Nous avons ete amenes a nous interesser alors aux risques encourus par les piles pendant leur fonctionnement et par la meme a leur comportement en regime dynamique. Ce travail traite principalement de l'importance des securites intrinseques, de l'influence des variations de reactivite sur les evolutions de puissance en regime d'accident et du developpement d'appareillages de securite robustes et de fonctionnement tres sur. L'accident de demarrage a ete particulierement developpe aussi bien pour les piles a bas

Safety precautions in atomic pile control (1962); Securite dans le controle des piles atomiques (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furet, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

We have been led to study the problem of safety in atomic pile control as a result of our participation on the one hand in the planning of C.E.A. atomic piles, and on the other hand in the pile safety sub omission considering atomic pile safety of operational or planned C.E.A. piles. We have thus had to consider the wishes occurring in piles during their operation and also their behaviour in the dynamic state The present work deals mainly with the importance of intrinsic safety devices, with the influence of reactivity variations on the power fluctuations during accidental operation, and with the development of robust and reliable safety appliances. The starting p accident has been especially studied both for low-flux piles where a compromise is necessary between the response time of the safety appliances and the statistical fluctuations and for high lux piles where xenon poisoning has an effect on the lower limit of the velocity of reactivity liberation. The desirability has been stressed of automation as a safety factor in atomic pile control. The details required for an understanding of the diagrams of the apparatus are given. (author) [French] Nous avons aborde le probleme de la securite dans le controle des piles atomiques a la suite de notre participation d'une part aux avant rojets de piles atomiques du CE.A. et d'autre part a l'examen au sein de la sous ommission de surete des piles, de la securite des piles du CE.A. en fonctionnement ou en projet. Nous avons ete amenes a nous interesser alors aux risques encourus par les piles pendant leur fonctionnement et par la meme a leur comportement en regime dynamique. Ce travail traite principalement de l'importance des securites intrinseques, de l'influence des variations de reactivite sur les evolutions de puissance en regime d'accident et du developpement d'appareillages de securite robustes et de fonctionnement tres sur. L'accident de demarrage a ete particulierement

Effect of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact on breast feeding status: a randomized controlled trial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, I.; Jamal, M.; Khan, N.

2011-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mother-infant early skin-to-skin contact on breast feeding behavior of infants. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from November to December 2009. Methodology: Eligible mothers were assessed for the successful breast feeding by using IBFAT tool. The time to initiate the first feed, time to effective breast feeding, maternal satisfaction with the care provided, preference for the same care in future and level of exclusive breast feeding at the age of one month were also noted. The data was compared by using X2 and t-test. Significant p-value was taken as < 0.05. Results: A total of 183 mother-infant pairs (92 in skin-to-skin care [SSC] group and 91 in conventional care [CC] group) were analyzed for breast feeding behavior of the infants. The first breast feed was 26.25% more successful in SSC group (58.8% in SSC group as compared to 32.5% in CC group with p-value of 0.001). In SSC group, the mean time to initiate first breast feed was 61.6 minutes shorter than CC group (40.62 vs. 101.88; p < 0.001). Mean time to achieve effective breast feeding was 207 minutes earlier in SSC group (149.69 vs. 357.50; p < 0.001). The level of satisfaction in the mothers of SSC group was significantly high as compared to controls (56% vs. 6.2%). Similarly, 53.8% mothers of SSC group showed reference for similar care in future as compared to 5% in CC group. In SSC group 85.3% infants were exclusively breast fed at one month as compared to 65.7% in CC group (p=0.025). Conclusion: Maternal-infant early skin-to-skin contact significantly enhanced the success of first breast feed and continuation of exclusive breast feeding till one month of age. It also reduced the time to initiate first feed and time to effective breast feeding. (author)

Rapport sur le développement dans le monde sur le thème du rôle ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... rural et sont tributaires principalement de l'agriculture pour assurer leur subsistance. Ce projet permettra de veiller à ce qu'une place soit accordée aux travaux de recherche financés par le CRDI, aux points de vue différents et aux auteurs de l'hémisphère Sud dans le Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2008.

All Organic Polymers Based Morphing Skin with Controllable Surface Texture

KAUST Repository

Favero Bolson, Natanael

2018-01-01

Smart skins are integrating an increasing number of functionalities in order to improve the interaction between the systems they equip and their ambient environment. Here we have developed an electromechanical soft actuator with controlled surface

Eye and hair colour, skin type and constitutive skin pigmentation as risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma. A Danish case-control study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lock-Andersen, J; Drzewiecki, K T; Wulf, H C

1999-01-01

To assess the importance of hair and eye colour, skin type and constitutive skin pigmentation as risk factors for basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma in fair-skinned Caucasians, we conducted two identical case-control studies in Denmark. We studied 145 cases with basal cell...

Moist skin care can diminish acute radiation-induced skin toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Momm, F.; Weissenberger, C.; Bertelt, S.; Henke, M.

2003-01-01

Background: Radiation treatment may induce acute skin reactions. There are several methods of managing them. Validity of these methods, however, is not sufficiently studied. We therefore investigated, whether moist skin care with 3% urea lotion will reduce acute radiation skin toxicity. Patients and Methods: 88 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck undergoing radiotherapy with curative intent (mean total dose 60 Gy, range: 50-74 Gy) were evaluated weekly for acute skin reactions according to the RTOG-CTC score. In 63 patients, moist skin care with 3% urea lotion was performed. The control group consisted of 25 patients receiving conventional dry skin care. The incidence of grade I, II, and III reactions and the radiation dose at occurrence of a particular reaction were determined and statistically analyzed using the log-rank test. The dose-time relations of individual skin reactions are described. Results: At some point of time during radiotherapy, all patients suffered from acute skin reactions grade I, > 90% from grade II reactions. 50% of patients receiving moist skin care experienced grade I reactions at 26 Gy as compared to 22 Gy in control patients (p = 0.03). Grade II reactions occurred at 51 Gy versus 34 Gy (p = 0.006). Further, 22% of the patients treated with moist skin care suffered from acute skin toxicity grade III as compared to 56% of the controls (p = 0.0007). Conclusion: Moist skin care with 3% urea lotion delays the occurrence and reduces the grade of acute skin reactions in percutaneously irradiated patients with head and neck tumors. (orig.)

Case-control study of smoking and non-melanoma skin cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Rollison, Dana E; Iannacone, Michelle R; Messina, Jane L; Glass, L Frank; Giuliano, Anna R; Roetzheim, Richard G; Cherpelis, Basil S; Fenske, Neil A; Jonathan, Kristen A; Sondak, Vernon K

2012-02-01

To investigate the association between cigarette smoking and basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC) of the skin, a clinic-based case-control study was conducted in Tampa, FL. Patients with histologically confirmed BCC/SCC were recruited from a university dermatology clinic (n = 215 BCC, 165 SCC). Controls were comprised of individuals with no history of skin cancer who screened negative for skin cancer upon physical examination at the affiliated cancer screening or primary care clinics (n = 315). Information on smoking and other risk factors was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. After adjustment for age, sex, and other skin cancer-risk factors, ever smoking was not associated with BCC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83-1.92), but was statistically significantly associated with SCC (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.19-3.26), with significant trends observed for SCC associated with increasing cigarettes per day (p = 0.01) and pack-years smoked (p = 0.01). Among men, smoking ≥20 pack-years was associated with non-significant increased risks of BCC (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 0.88-4.12) and SCC (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 0.84-4.66), whereas among women, no association was observed with BCC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.39-2.46) while a statistically significant three-fold risk was observed with SCC (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.02-8.80). Cigarette smoking is more strongly associated with SCC than BCC, particularly among women.

The effect of hydroxychloroquine on lupus erythematosus-like skin lesions in MRL/lpr mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimomatsu, Tatsuya; Kanazawa, Nobuo; Mikita, Naoya; Nakatani, Yumi; Li, Hong-Jin; Inaba, Yutaka; Ikeda, Takaharu; Kondo, Toshikazu; Furukawa, Fukumi

2016-09-01

To evaluate the effect and safety of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on lupus erythematosus (LE)-like skin lesions in the MRL/lpr mouse, a model for systemic LE (SLE). We divided the MRL/lpr mice into three groups that were given: (1) drinking water, (2) HCQ at a dose of 4 mg/kg/d, or (3) HCQ at a dose of 40 mg/kg/d. The HCQ was administered to examine the effect and safety of HCQ on skin lesions and the number of infiltrating cells including mast cells in the dermis. Six of 13 mice in the group given drinking water, 3 of 11 mice in the group administered low-dose HCQ (4 mg/kg/d), and 1 of 10 mice in the group administered high-dose HCQ (40 mg/kg/d) presented the skin lesions. The average number of mast cells was 81, 50, and 12 (magnification, ×100), the mortality rate was 24%, 8%, and 9% and the mean body weight gain was 4.6 g, 8.0 g and 5.1 g, respectively. HCQ was demonstrated to decrease the appearance of LE-like lesions and the number of mast cells in the dermis. Furthermore, there were no obvious systemic adverse effects. This study provides evidence that suggests benefits in human patients.

Le contrôle de gestion des entreprises familiales : un contrôle non-financiarisé ?

OpenAIRE

Barbelivien , Dominique

2016-01-01

Nous examinons la tendance décrite dans la littérature quant à la financiarisation de la fonction de contrôle de gestion en nous appuyant sur le cas d’une entreprise de taille intermédiaire familiale. Nous constatons que le contrôle de gestion dans le cas étudié correspond à une rationalisation des décisions opérationnelles et développons les raisons qui peuvent expliquer la persistance d’un contrôle de gestion très opérationnel. Le contexte d’entreprise familiale dans laquelle il y a confusi...

The circadian clock controls sunburn apoptosis and erythema in mouse skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaddameedhi, Shobhan; Selby, Christopher P; Kemp, Michael G; Ye, Rui; Sancar, Aziz

2015-04-01

Epidemiological studies of humans and experimental studies with mouse models suggest that sunburn resulting from exposure to excessive UV light and damage to DNA confers an increased risk for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Previous reports have shown that both nucleotide excision repair, which is the sole pathway in humans for removing UV photoproducts, and DNA replication are regulated by the circadian clock in mouse skin. Furthermore, the timing of UV exposure during the circadian cycle has been shown to affect skin carcinogenesis in mice. Because sunburn and skin cancer are causally related, we investigated UV-induced sunburn apoptosis and erythema in mouse skin as a function of circadian time. Interestingly, we observed that sunburn apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine induction, and erythema were maximal following an acute early-morning exposure to UV and minimal following an afternoon exposure. Early-morning exposure to UV also produced maximal activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (Atr)-mediated DNA damage checkpoint signaling, including activation of the tumor suppressor p53, which is known to control the process of sunburn apoptosis. These data provide early evidence that the circadian clock has an important role in the erythemal response in UV-irradiated skin. The early morning is when DNA repair is at a minimum, and thus the acute responses likely are associated with unrepaired DNA damage. The prior report that mice are more susceptible to skin cancer induction following chronic irradiation in the AM, when p53 levels are maximally induced, is discussed in terms of the mutational inactivation of p53 during chronic irradiation.

Surface Patterning: Controlling Fluid Flow Through Dolphin and Shark Skin Biomimicry

Science.gov (United States)

Gamble, Lawren; Lang, Amy; Bradshaw, Michael; McVay, Eric

2013-11-01

Dolphin skin is characterized by circumferential ridges, perpendicular to fluid flow, present from the crest of the head until the tail fluke. When observing a cross section of skin, the ridges have a sinusoidal pattern. Sinusoidal grooves have been proven to induce vortices in the cavities that can help control flow separation which can reduce pressure drag. Shark skin, however, is patterned with flexible scales that bristle up to 50 degrees with reversed flow. Both dolphin ridges and shark scales are thought to help control fluid flow and increase swimming efficiency by delaying the separation of the boundary layer. This study investigates how flow characteristics can be altered with bio-inspired surface patterning. A NACA 4412 hydrofoil was entirely patterned with transverse sinusoidal grooves, inspired by dolphin skin but scaled so the cavities on the model have the same Reynolds number as the cavities on a swimming shark. Static tests were conducted at a Reynolds number of approximately 100,000 and at varying angles of attack. The results were compared to the smooth hydrofoil case. The flow data was quantified using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). The results of this study demonstrated that the patterned hydrofoil experienced greater separation than the smooth hydrofoil. It is hypothesize that this could be remediated if the pattern was placed only after the maximum thickness of the hydrofoil. Funding through NSF REU grant 1062611 is gratefully acknowledged.

Differences Between Psoriasis Patients and Skin-healthy Controls Concerning Appraisal of Touching, Shame and Disgust.

Science.gov (United States)

Lahousen, Theresa; Kupfer, Jörg; Gieler, Uwe; Hofer, Angelika; Linder, M Dennis; Schut, Christina

2016-08-23

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease associated with high levels of psychological distress and considerable life impact. Feelings of shame and stigmatization can lead to avoidance of social activity and intimacy. In this study, the questionnaire TSD-Q was used to evaluate pleasure in touching oneself and in a partnership, parental touching during childhood and (skin-related) shame and disgust. Skin-related disgust and shame were significantly higher in psoriatic patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, psoriasis-patients scored significantly lower than skin-healthy controls concerning appraisal of self-touching and parental touching. In contrast, psoriasis-patients scored higher concerning appraisal of touching in a partnership. Due to the fact that low self-esteem might enhance the negative evaluation of touch and the feelings of shame and disgust, psychological interventions should be integrated in the treatment of psoriasis.

Le vernis des apparences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grazia Nicosia

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Le but de cet article est de comprendre l’incidence sémiotique du nettoyage d’un tableau ainsi que la résultante cognitive induite sur l’observateur. Cette étude confronte l’analyse des phénomènes visuels engendrés par le jaunissement du vernis et son retrait, à des entretiens réalisés à dessein. Le retrait d’un vernis jauni change considérablement l’image. L’heure, le climat, la saison et l’activité même des personnages s’en trouvent ainsi modifié. La patine peut être perçue, soit comme un obstacle à l’exploration, soit pour ceux qui l’apprécient, comme le medium d’une relation plus intime entre l’œuvre et l’observateur.The purpose of this article is to understand the semiotic impact of the cleaning of a painting and the cognitive effects induced on the observer. This study analyses conjointly the visual phenomenon generated by yellowing varnish and its removal and controlled interviews of observers.The removal of yellowing varnish modifies considerably the perception of the picture. Daytime, climate, season and characters activities are modified. The patina may be perceived either as an obstacle to the painting exploration, or, for those who appreciate it, as a medium for a closer relationship between the painting and the observer.

: tous les projets | Page 210 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le moyen le plus direct et le plus efficace de réduire la consommation de tabac consiste à augmenter le prix des produits du tabac en haussant les taxes. Date de début : 28 décembre 2012. End Date: 27 décembre 2014. Sujet: SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, SMOKING, TAXATION, SOCIAL CONTROL, SURVEYS, STATISTICAL ...

Sequential cryogen spraying for heat flux control at the skin surface

Science.gov (United States)

Majaron, Boris; Aguilar, Guillermo; Basinger, Brooke; Randeberg, Lise L.; Svaasand, Lars O.; Lavernia, Enrique J.; Nelson, J. Stuart

2001-05-01

Heat transfer rate at the skin-air interface is of critical importance for the benefits of cryogen spray cooling in combination with laser therapy of shallow subsurface skin lesions, such as port-wine stain birthmarks. With some cryogen spray devices, a layer of liquid cryogen builds up on the skin surface during the spurt, which may impair heat transfer across the skin surface due to relatively low thermal conductivity and potentially higher temperature of the liquid cryogen layer as compared to the spray droplets. While the mass flux of cryogen delivery can be adjusted by varying the atomizing nozzle geometry, this may strongly affect other spray properties, such as lateral spread (cone), droplet size, velocity, and temperature distribution. We present here first experiments with sequential cryogen spraying, which may enable accurate mass flux control through variation of spray duty cycle, while minimally affecting other spray characteristics. The observed increase of cooling rate and efficiency at moderate duty cycle levels supports the above described hypothesis of isolating liquid layer, and demonstrates a novel approach to optimization of cryogen spray devices for individual laser dermatological applications.

Le pompage optique naturel dans le milieu astrophysique

Science.gov (United States)

Pecker, J.-C.

The title of this lecture abstracts only a part of it : the importance in astrophysics of the study of non-LTE situations has become considerable, as well in the stellar atmospheres as, still more, in the study of fortuitous coincidences as a mechanism of formation of emission line nebular spectra, or of molecular interstellar « masers ». Another part of this talk underlines the role of Kastler in his time, and describes his warm personality through his public reactions in front of the nuclear armement, of the Viet-Nam and Algerian wars, of the problems of political refugees... Kastler was a great scientist ; he was also a courageous humanist. 1976 : Les accords nucléaires du Brésil : allocution d'ouverture (19 mars). Colloque sur le sujet ci-dessus. 1976 : La promotion de la culture dans le nouvel ordre économique international, allocution à l'occasion d'une table ronde sur ce thème par l'UNESCO (23-27 juin 1976) ; « Sciences et Techniques », octobre 1976. 1979 : La bête immonde (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Matin », 20 mars. 1979 : Appel à nos ministres (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Monde », 13 décembre. 1979 : Le flou, le ténébreux, l'irrationnel (avec J.-C. Pecker), « Le Monde », 14 septembre. 1980 : Education à la paix, Préface, in : Publ. UNESCO. 1981 : Le vrai danger, « Le Monde », 6 août 1981. 1982 : Nucléaire civil et militaire, « Le Monde », 1er juin 1982. 1982 : Les scientifiques face à la perspective d'holocauste nucléaire (texte inédit). Le titre de cette communication en résume seulement une partie : l'importance prise en astrophysique par l'analyse des situations hors ETL est devenue considérable, qu'il s'agisse des atmosphères stellaires, ou plus encore, des coïncidences fortuites de la formation des spectres d'émission nébulaires, ou des « masers » moléculaires interstellaires. Une autre partie de cet exposé souligne le rôle de Kastler dans son époque, et décrit sa personnalité généreuse à travers ses r

Skin absorption through atopic dermatitis skin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Halling-Overgaard, A-S; Kezic, S; Jakasa, I

2017-01-01

Patients with atopic dermatitis have skin barrier impairment in both lesional and non-lesional skin. They are typically exposed to emollients daily and topical anti-inflammatory medicaments intermittently, hereby increasing the risk of developing contact allergy and systemic exposed to chemicals...... ingredients found in these topical preparations. We systematically searched for studies that investigated skin absorption of various penetrants, including medicaments, in atopic dermatitis patients, but also animals with experimentally induced dermatitis. We identified 40 articles, i.e. 11 human studies...... examining model penetrants, 26 human studies examining atopic dermatitis drugs and 3 animal studies. We conclude that atopic dermatitis patients have nearly two-fold increased skin absorption when compared to healthy controls. There is a need for well-designed epidemiological and dermato...

Machine for checking the radioactive contamination of clothing (1961); Machine a controler le linge du point de vue de sa contamination radioactive (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mimaud, R; Cottignies, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre de Production de Plutonium, Marcoule (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

This machine is designed to check working clothes after decontamination treatment. It checks automatically for {alpha} and {beta} {gamma} The clothing is carried on a moving belt under a rack of Geiger-Muller counters followed by zinc sulphide scintillators linked to photomultipliers. During its passage under these probes two separate counting systems count the {beta} {gamma} and the {alpha} activities. If a certain fixed rate is reached, a basket reserved for contaminated linen moves into position in front of the belt to collect the clothing; if this rate is not attained the linen is collected in another basket. The starting and stopping of counting, and the return to zero, are controlled by means of 3 photoelectric cells which detect the arrival of the clothing before and after scanning, and its delivery into the baskets. (authors) [French] Cette machine est destinee a controler les vetements de travail apres le traitement de decontamination. Elle effectue automatiquement un controle en {alpha} et en {beta} {gamma}. Le linge entraine par un tapis roulant passe sous une rampe de compteurs Geiger-Muller puis sous des scintillateurs au sulfure de zinc associes a des photomultiplicateurs. Pendant son passage sous ces sondes, deux chaines de comptage distinctes comptent l'activite {beta} {gamma} et l'activite {alpha}. Si un certain taux fixe est atteint, un panier reserve au linge contamine se positionne devant le tapis pour recueillir le linge; dans le cas contraire, le linge est recueilli dans un autre panier. Les operations de debut de comptage, arret de comptage et remise a zero de l'ensemble sont commandees a l'aide de 3 cellules photoelectriques qui detectent l'arrivee du linge avant et apres les sondes, ainsi que sa retombee dans les paniers. (auteurs)

Aloe sterol supplementation improves skin elasticity in Japanese men with sunlight-exposed skin: a 12-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial

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Tanaka M

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Miyuki Tanaka,1 Yuki Yamamoto,2 Eriko Misawa,1 Kazumi Nabeshima,1 Marie Saito,1 Koji Yamauchi,1 Fumiaki Abe,1 Fukumi Furukawa2 1Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, 2Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan Background/objective: Recently, it was confirmed that the daily oral intake of plant sterols of Aloe vera gel (Aloe sterol significantly increases the skin barrier function, moisture, and elasticity in photoprotected skin. This study aimed to investigate whether Aloe sterol intake affected skin conditions following sunlight exposure in Japanese men. Methods: We performed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of oral Aloe sterol supplementation on skin conditions in 48 apparently healthy men (age range: 30–59 years; average: 45 years. The subjects were instructed to expose the measurement position of the arms to the sunlight outdoors every day for 12 weeks. The skin parameters were measured at 0 (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results: Depending on the time for the revelation of the sunlight, the b* value and melanin index increased and the skin moisture decreased. After taking an Aloe sterol tablet daily for 12 weeks, the skin elasticity index (R2, R5, and R7 levels were significantly higher than the baseline value. There were no differences between the groups in these skin elasticity values. In the subgroup analysis of subjects aged <46 years, the change in the R5 and R7 was significantly higher in the Aloe group than in the placebo group at 8 weeks (P=0.0412 and P=0.0410, respectively. There was a difference in the quantity of sun exposure between each subject, and an additional clinical study that standardizes the amount of ultraviolet rays is warranted. No Aloe sterol intake-dependent harmful phenomenon was observed during the intake period

Transcriptional changes in organoculture of full-thickness human skin following topical application of all-trans retinoic acid

Science.gov (United States)

Gillbro, J M; Al-Bader, T; Westman, M; Olsson, M J; Mavon, A

2014-01-01

Synopsis Objective Retinoids are used as therapeutic agents for numerous skin diseases, for example, psoriasis, acne and keratinization disorders. The same substances have also been recognized in the treatment for hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma. Other studies on photo-damaged skin have shown that retinoids reduce wrinkles, surface roughness, mottled pigmentation, and visual skin appearance as a whole. We tested the hypothesis that an organoculture of full-thickness human skin could be used as a preclinical model to investigate the retinoid transcriptional profile in human skin in vitro. Methods Full-thickness skin explants were exposed to topically applied all-trans retinoic acid (RA) for 24 h. The gene expression profile was analysed using oligonucleotide microarrays, and data were validated with real-time (RT) PCR. Results We showed that the expression of 93 genes was significantly altered more than twofold. Several of the altered genes, for example, KRT4, CYP26 and LCN2, have previously been shown to be affected by RA in keratinocyte monocultures, reconstructed epidermis and skin biopsies from patients treated topically or orally with RA. In addition, genes, such as SCEL, NRIP1, DGAT2, RDH12 EfnB2, MAPK14, SAMD9 and CEACAM6 not previously reported to be affected by RA in human skin, were identified for the first time in this study. Conclusion The results in the present study show that full-thickness human explants represent a valuable pre-clinical model for studying the effects of retinoids in skin. Résumé Objectif Les rétinoïdes sont utilisés comme agents thérapeutiques pour de nombreuses maladies de la peau, p.ex. le psoriasis, l'acné et les troubles de la kératinisation. Les mêmes substances ont également été reconnues dans le traitement des troubles de l' hyperpigmentation tels que le melasma. D'autres études sur la peau photo-endommagée ont montré que les rétinoïdes réduisent les rides, la rugosité de la surface, la

Effectiveness of skin protection creams in the prevention of occupational dermatitis: results of a randomized, controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Winker, Robert; Salameh, Bayda; Stolkovich, Sabine; Nikl, Michael; Barth, Alfred; Ponocny, Elisabeth; Drexler, Hans; Tappeiner, Gerhard

2009-04-01

The aim of the trial was to investigate whether the publicized effects of skin protection creams can be replicated in a real occupational setting during activities that expose the skin. A prospective, randomized, four-tailed controlled pilot trial was performed to compare the effect of skin protection and skin care alone or in combination with cleansing against a control group (only cleansing). Two branches were selected for the investigation: the building industry and the timber industry. A total of 1,006 workers from these two branches were recruited, and out of these 485 workers were examined longitudinally for at least three time points over 1 year (lost for follow-up: 430 workers, exclusion: 91 workers). At each time point, as a primary outcome measure, we assessed the condition of the skin at both hands in a blinded manner and the individual was assigned to one of the following categories: no eczema, mild, moderate and severe eczema. As a secondary outcome measure, the worker's transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured under standardized conditions at the back of both hands. In addition, the workers were asked to evaluate their skin condition during the study. With regard to differences in the occurrence of eczemas, we found only in workers in building industry without application of skin protection or skin care creams a statistical significant increase in the incidence between the first and the second visit and a statistical significant decrease in the incidence between the second and third visit. When evaluating the secondary outcome-measurement changes in the TEWL values, an improvement was found for the group skin protection and skin care in combination and by skin care alone. Females in the timber industry started with better TEWL values than males, which may be due to better overall skin care. In this group we found an improvement for the group skin protection and skin care in combination and by skin protection alone. For skin protection alone, we

Le contrôle de gestion environnementale d'une entreprise

OpenAIRE

Marquet-Pondeville, Sophie

2001-01-01

Dans cette recherche, nous étudions comment s’opère le contrôle de gestion environnementale. Cette problématique est abordée dans une perspective contingente et nous proposons un modèle théorique qui met en évidence l’impact de certaines variables sur les systèmes de contrôle de la gestion environnementale. Certains liens présents dans ce modèle sont discutés à travers une étude de cas.

Histological case-control study of peeling-induced skin changes by different peeling agents in surgically subcutaneous undermined skin flaps in facelift patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonser, P; Kaestner, S; Jaminet, P; Kaye, K

2017-11-01

A histological evaluation of peeling-induced skin changes in subcutaneous undermined preauricular facial skin flaps of nine patients was performed. There were three treatment groups: Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 25%, TCA 40% and phenol/croton oil; one group served as control. Two independent evaluators determined the epidermal and dermal thickness and the depth of necrosis (micrometre). The percentual tissue damage due to the peeling was calculated, and a one-sample t-test for statistical significance was performed. On the basis of the histomorphological changes, peeling depth was classified as superficial, superficial-partial, deep-partial and full thickness chemical burn. The histological results revealed a progression of wound depth for different peeling agents without full thickness necrosis. TCA peels of up to 40% can be safely applied on subcutaneous undermined facial skin flaps without impairing the vascular patency, producing a predictable chemical burn, whereas deep peels such as phenol/croton oil peels should not be applied on subcutaneous undermined skin so as to not produce skin slough or necrosis by impairing vascular patency. Copyright © 2017 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Le rôle des intervenants non gouvernementaux dans le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet servira à déterminer les facteurs stratégiques et réglementaires qui ont contribué ou nui aux efforts visant à permettre aux fournisseurs non gouvernementaux de participer au renforcement des systèmes de santé. Le rôle des fournisseurs de ... Climate Change and Water Adaptation Options. The impacts of climate ...

Skin Autofluorescence and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, Enric; Betriu, Àngels; Arroyo, David; López, Carolina; Hernández, Marta; Rius, Ferran; Fernández, Elvira; Lecube, Albert

2017-01-01

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are increased and predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who are undergoing hemodialysis, irrespective of the presence of type 2 diabetes. However, little information exits about the relationship between AGEs and subclinical atherosclerosis at the early stages of CKD. A case-control study was performed including 87 patients with mild-to-moderate stages of CKD (glomerular filtration rate from 89 to 30 ml/min/per 1.73m2) and 87 non-diabetic non-CKD subjects matched by age, gender, body mass index, and waist circumference. Skin autofluorescence (AF), a non-invasive assessment of AGEs, was measured. The presence of atheromatous disease in carotid and femoral arteries was evaluated using vascular ultrasound, and vascular age and SCORE risk were estimated. Patients with mild-to-moderate stages of CKD showed an increase in skin AF compared with control subjects (2.5±0.6 vs. 2.2±0.4 AU, pskin AF value >2.0 AU was accompanied by a 3-fold increased risk of detecting the presence of an atheromathous plaque (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4-6.5, p = 0.006). When vascular age was assessed through skin AF, subjects with CKD were almost 12 years older than control subjects (70.3±25.5 vs. 58.5±20.2 years, p = 0.001). Skin AF was negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.354, pskin AF (R2 = 0.289, pSkin AF is elevated in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD compared with control subjects. This finding may be independently associated with the glomerular filtration rate and the presence of subclinical atheromatous disease. Therefore, the use of skin AF may help to accurately evaluate the real cardiovascular risk at the early stages of CKD.

Application of Shark Skin Flow Control Techniques to Airflow

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Jackson Alexander

Due to millions of years of evolution, sharks have evolved to become quick and efficient ocean apex predators. Shark skin is made up of millions of microscopic scales, or denticles, that are approximately 0.2 mm in size. Scales located on the shark's body where separation control is paramount (such as behind the gills or the trailing edge of the pectoral fin) are capable of bristling. These scales are hypothesized to act as a flow control mechanism capable of being passively actuated by reversed flow. It is believed that shark scales are strategically sized to interact with the lower 5% of a boundary layer, where reversed flow occurs at the onset of boundary layer separation. Previous research has shown shark skin to be capable of controlling separation in water. This thesis aims to investigate the same passive flow control techniques in air. To investigate this phenomenon, several sets of microflaps were designed and manufactured with a 3D printer. The microflaps were designed in both 2D (rectangular) and 3D (mirroring shark scale geometry) variants. These microflaps were placed in a low-speed wind tunnel in the lower 5% of the boundary layer. Solid fences and a flat plate diffuser with suction were placed in the tunnel to create different separated flow regions. A hot film probe was used to measure velocity magnitude in the streamwise plane of the separated regions. The results showed that low-speed airflow is capable of bristling objects in the boundary layer. When placed in a region of reverse flow, the microflaps were passively actuated. Microflaps fluctuated between bristled and flat states in reverse flow regions located close to the reattachment zone.

Electrotransfer parameters as a tool for controlled and targeted gene expression in skin

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Spela Kos

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Skin is an attractive target for gene electrotransfer. It consists of different cell types that can be transfected, leading to various responses to gene electrotransfer. We demonstrate that these responses could be controlled by selecting the appropriate electrotransfer parameters. Specifically, the application of low or high electric pulses, applied by multi-electrode array, provided the possibility to control the depth of the transfection in the skin, the duration and the level of gene expression, as well as the local or systemic distribution of the transgene. The influence of electric pulse type was first studied using a plasmid encoding a reporter gene (DsRed. Then, plasmids encoding therapeutic genes (IL-12, shRNA against endoglin, shRNA against melanoma cell adhesion molecule were used, and their effects on wound healing and cutaneous B16F10 melanoma tumors were investigated. The high-voltage pulses resulted in gene expression that was restricted to superficial skin layers and induced a local response. In contrast, the low-voltage electric pulses promoted transfection into the deeper skin layers, resulting in prolonged gene expression and higher transgene production, possibly with systemic distribution. Therefore, in the translation into the clinics, it will be of the utmost importance to adjust the electrotransfer parameters for different therapeutic approaches and specific mode of action of the therapeutic gene.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Determining Variances in Ostomy Skin Conditions and the Economic Impact (ADVOCATE Trial).

Science.gov (United States)

Colwell, Janice C; Pittman, Joyce; Raizman, Rose; Salvadalena, Ginger

To compare ostomy-related costs and incidence of peristomal skin complications (PSCs) for ceramide-infused ostomy skin barriers and control skin barriers. The ADVOCATE trial is a multi-centered randomized controlled trial, and double-blinded international study with an adaptive design. The sample comprised 153 adults from 25 sites from the United States, Canada, and Europe. Participants were seen in hospital and outpatient care settings. Data were collected by investigators at each site during face-to-face visits and during telephone check-in calls between visits. Cost of care data were collected using a questionnaire developed specifically for the study. The peristomal skin was assessed using the Ostomy Skin Tool. Health-related quality of life was measured using the SF-12v2. Patient-reported outcomes were collected using a patient-centered study-specific questionnaire. Cost of care was analyzed via analysis of covariance comparing total cost of care for 12 weeks between the 2 groups. The incidence of PSC was analyzed via Barnard's exact test comparing the incidence of PSCs between the control and treatment groups. Tertiary outcomes were exploratory in nature and not statistically powered. Use of the ceramide-infused barrier significantly reduced stoma-related cost of care over a 12-week period, resulting in a $36.46 decrease in cost (14% relative decrease). The adjusted average costs were $223.73 in the treatment group and $260.19 in the control group (P = .017). The overall incidence of PSCs in the study was 47.7%; PSC incidence was 40.5% for the treatment group versus 55.4% for controls (P = .069, 95% confidence interval of the difference: -1.2 to 30.4). Significantly more participants using the ceramide-infused skin barrier were "very satisfied" with barrier performance (75% vs 55%; P = .033), prevention of leakage (63% vs 38%; P < .01), and prevention of itching (53% vs 31%; P = .016). General postoperative improvement in health-related quality of life was

Le stéréotype dans le roman policier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marion François

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Le roman policier offre à l’étude du stéréotype une grande variété de redondances, lexicales et structurelles, qui permettent d’éclairer le concept même de genre, en fait issu du constat de stéréotypie. Il est également manifeste que contrairement aux idées reçues, les clichés font du texte policier un texte littéraire, parce qu’ils naissent d’images associées, distinctes de la réalité, qui révèlent d’ailleurs le cheminement même de l’écriture. Par ailleurs ces images jouent un rôle fondamental dans le plaisir du lecteur, comme dans les contes de fées de notre enfance. Les clichés ouvrent la porte des fantasmes : le stéréotype rejoignant l’archétype, les clichés policiers réactivent de nombreux mythes, le texte évoquant l’Autre Scène. Le constat de stéréotypie provoque l’écriture, en particulier parodique, et stimule le renouvellement et l’essaimage des clichés dans toutes sortes de textes, qui bénéficieront de la présence du déjà-lu, laquelle donne au lecteur une assise pour affronter l’inconnu et une expérience pour apprécier la nouveauté.

Le nouveau modèle québécois axé sur la gouvernance

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Jeffrey Roy

2002-10-01

Full Text Available L'article soutient qu'il a bien eu un modèle québécois de développement, mais il est devenu inefficace et remis en question. Ce modèle se distinguait par son interventionniste étatique dynamique et par la constitution d'alliances entre les différents partenaires sociaux. Mais les fondements d'un modèle performant tels que l'étatisme et le nationalisme civique sont devenus empreints de faiblesses et d'insuffisances que l'utilisation du concept de gouvernance permet d'identifier. Le concept se définit comme étant « la coordination efficace de l'ensemble des activités d'une entité socio-économico-politique quand les ressources, le pouvoir et l'information sont vastement distribués ». Malgré l'inefficacité décrite, il est possible de repenser le modèle québécois de développement par la construction des communautés qui s'appuie sur la régionalité et la socialité. Finalement, le renouveau s'appuierait sur une stratégie de-gouvernance pour un meilleur usage de l'intelligence collective et des cités-régions intelligentes.The article supports that it indeed had a Quebecois model of development, but it became ineffective and questioned. This model distinguished itself by his(her dynamic state interventionist and by the constitution of alliances among the various social partners. But the foundations of a successful model such as the state control and the civil nationalism became printed by weaknesses and by incapacities which the use of the concept of governance allows to identify. The concept defines itself as being « the effective coordination of all the activities of an entity « socio-économico-politique » when the resources, the power and the information are distributed spaciously » Meanwhile the described ineffectiveness, it is possible to rethink the Quebecois model of development by the construction of the communities which leans on the regionality and the sociality. Finally, the flourish would lean on a strategy

Tenskinmetric Evaluation of Surface Energy Changes in Adult Skin: Evidence from 834 Normal Subjects Monitored in Controlled Conditions

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Camilla Dal Bosco

2014-03-01

Full Text Available To evaluate the influence of the skin aging critical level on the adult skin epidermal functional state, an improved analytical method based on the skin surface energetic measurement (TVS modeling was developed. Tenskinmetric measurements were carried out non-invasively in controlled conditions by contact angle method using only a water-drop as reference standard liquid. Adult skin was monitored by TVS Observatory according to a specific and controlled thermal protocol (Camianta protocol in use at the interconnected “Mamma Margherita Terme spa” of Terme Euganee. From June to November 2013, the surface free energy and the epidermal hydration level of adult skin were evaluated on arrival of 265 male and 569 female adult volunteers (51–90 years of age and when they departed 2 weeks later. Sensitive measurements were carried out at 0.1 mN/m. High test compliance was obtained (93.2% of all guests. Very interesting results are obtained. The high sensitivity and discrimination power of tenskinmetry combined with a thermal Camianta protocol demonstrate the possibility to evaluate at baseline level the surface energetic changes and the skin reactivity which occurs on adult skin.

Overall skin tone and skin-lightening-improving effects with oral supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin isomers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juturu V

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Vijaya Juturu,1 James P Bowman,2 Jayant Deshpande1 1Department of Scientific and Clinical Affairs, OmniActive Health Technologies Inc., Morristown, NJ, 2James P Bowman & Associates LLC, Loveland, OH, USA Purpose: Carotenoids, especially lutein and zeaxanthin isomers (L/Zi, filter blue light and protect skin from environmental factors including high-energy sources. These carotenoids may be able to block the formation of melanin pathways, decrease cytokines, and increase antioxidants.Subjects and methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial over a 12-week supplementation period. Fifty healthy people (50 healthy subjects were recruited and 46 subjects completed the study (males and females, age: 18–45 years with mild-to-moderate dry skin were included in this study. Skin type of the subjects was classified as Fitzpatrick skin type II–IV scale. Subjects were administered with either an oral dietary supplement containing 10 mg lutein (L and 2 mg zeaxanthin isomers (Zi (L/Zi: RR-zeaxanthin and RS (meso-zeaxanthin or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The minimal erythemal dose and skin lightening (L* were measured via the Chromameter®. The individual typological angle was calculated. Subjective assessments were also recorded.Results: Overall skin tone was significantly improved in the L/Zi group compared to placebo (P<0.0237, and luminance (L* values were significantly increased in the L/Zi group. Mean minimal erythemal dose was increased with L/Zi supplementation after 12 weeks of supplementation. L/Zi supplementation significantly increased the individual typological angle.Conclusion: L/Zi supplementation lightens and improves skin conditions. Keywords: lutein, zeaxanthin isomers, skin lightening, minimal erythemal dose, individual typological angle, overall skin tone

Preparation of Artificial Skin that Mimics Human Skin Surface and Mechanical Properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimizu, Rana; Nonomura, Yoshimune

2018-01-01

We have developed an artificial skin that mimics the morphological and mechanical properties of human skin. The artificial skin comprises a polyurethane block possessing a microscopically rough surface. We evaluated the tactile sensations when skin-care cream was applied to the artificial skin. Many subjects perceived smooth, moist, and soft feels during the application process. Cluster analysis showed that these characteristic tactile feels are similar to those when skin-care cream is applied to real human skin. Contact angle analysis showed that an oil droplet spread smoothly on the artificial skin surface, which occurred because there were many grooves several hundred micrometers in width on the skin surface. In addition, when the skin-care cream was applied, the change in frictional force during the dynamic friction process increased. These wetting and frictional properties are important factors controlling the similarity of artificial skin to real human skin.

Clinical use of radiation sterile porcine skin and Ag-skin of porcine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Xiaobo

1995-01-01

Clinical examination revealed that either radiation sterilized skin or Ag-skin of pig are effective biologic dressing. When used as temporary skin coverage for fresh burn wound, for wound after escharectomy, and for wounds among skin grafts, they are effective in preventing infection and loss of body fluid. They can also be used for covering the infected granulation wound to control bacterial growth and further contamination

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 juin 2015

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Office 2004 Test Drive User

30 juin 2015 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... recherches pour le développement international (le Centre) et de ..... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin en.

Le CRDI et la lutte contre le paludisme | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... D'autres interventions luttent également contre le paludisme, notamment les moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide et les médicaments visant à prévenir le ... Le CRDI appuie le GCRAI depuis les années 1970 et participe avec SIMA au financement de la recherche sur les interactions complexes entre ...

A placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Imedeen® Time Perfection® for improving the appearance of photodamaged skin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephens TJ

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Thomas J Stephens,1 Monya L Sigler,1 James H Herndon Jr,2 Lisa Dispensa,3 Anne Le Moigne3 1Thomas J. Stephens and Associates, Inc., Richardson, TX, 2Dermatology Center of Dallas, Dallas, TX, 3Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, Madison, NJ, USA Objective: To assess the efficacy of Imedeen Time Perfection for improving the appearance and condition of photoaged skin in healthy women. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled healthy women, 35–60 years of age, with Fitzpatrick I–III and Glogau II–III skin types and mild-to-moderate facial fine lines/wrinkles. The eligible subjects were randomized to receive two tablets daily of either Imedeen Time Perfection (Imedeen or a matching placebo for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included investigator rating of 16 photoaging parameters (ie, global facial appearance and 15 individual facial parameters and the average of all parameters, instrumentation (ie, ultrasound dermal density, moisture level of the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss, cutometry, and subjects' self-assessment. Differences in the mean change from baseline to week 12 values on these outcomes were compared between Imedeen and placebo using analysis of variance or a paired t-test. Results: Seventy-four subjects with primarily Fitzpatrick skin type III (78%–79% and Glogau type III (53%–58% completed the study (Imedeen: n=36; placebo: n=38. The mean difference in change from baseline to week 12 for global facial assessment significantly favored Imedeen over placebo (−0.52; P=0.0017. Additionally, the mean differences in the average of all facial photoaging parameters (−0.29, mottled hyperpigmentation (−0.25, tactile laxity (−0.24, dullness (−0.47, and tactile roughness (−0.62 significantly favored Imedeen over placebo (P≤0.05. Significantly greater increases in ultrasound dermal density (+11% vs +1%; P≤0.05 and stratum corneum moisturization (+30% vs +6%; P≤0.05 were also

Le livre sur le livre traité de documentation

CERN Document Server

Otlet, Paul

2015-01-01

Paul Otlet est considéré comme le père des sciences de l'information. Ouvrage fondateur et fondamental, le Traité de documentation. Le livre sur le livre (1934) est l'aboutissement de son travail inlassable pour rassembler, classer et partager les connaissances. Otlet y propose une remarquable synthèse du savoir sur le livre et le document en même temps qu'il anticipe Internet et l'hypertexte. La réédition du Traité de documentation, 70 ans après la disparition de son auteur, coïncide avec la réouverture du Mundaneum à Mons, où le fabuleux héritage documentaire légué par Paul Otlet et Henri La Fontaine est conservé. « Ici, la table de travail n'est plus chargée d'aucun livre. À leur place se dresse un écran et à portée un téléphone. Là-bas, au loin, dans un édifice immense, sont tous les livres et tous les renseignements. De là, on fait apparaître sur l'écran la page à lire pour connaître la réponse aux questions posées par téléphone. » Préfaces de Benoît Peeters (éc...

X-ray microanalysis of psoriatic skin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grundin, T.G.; Roomans, G.M.; Forslind, B.; Lindberg, M.; Werner, Y.

1985-01-01

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis was used to study elemental distribution in uninvolved and involved skin from patients with psoriasis, and in skin from healthy controls. Significant differences were found between the involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin. In the involved skin, the concentrations of Mg, P, and K were higher in the stratum germinativum, spinosum, and granulosum, compared to the corresponding strata in uninvolved skin. Neither involved nor uninvolved psoriatic stratum germinativum differed markedly from nonpsoriatic control stratum germinativum. In uninvolved psoriatic skin only a lower level of K was noted. In comparison to uninvolved psoriatic skin, the elemental composition of the various strata of involved psoriatic skin shows a pattern typical for highly proliferative, nonneoplastic cells

Skin treatment with bepanthen cream versus no cream during radiotherapy. A randomized controlled trial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Loekkevik, E.; Skovlund, E.; Oslo Univ.; Reitan, J.B.; Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Oslo; Hannisdal, E.; Tanum, G.

1996-01-01

In several radiotherapy departments, dexpanthenol cream (Bepanthen 'Roche') has been used extensively to ameliorate acute radiotherapy skin reactions. The evidence base for this practice is obscure as no randomized trials have been performed. In the present clinical prospective study of 86 patients we have compared Bepanthen cream with no topical ointment at all. The cream was applied on randomly selected parts of treatment fields in laryngeal and breast cancer patients, and so each patient acted as his own control. Seven patients were widthdrawn from analysis. Scoring of skin reactions in 16 laryngeal and 63 breast cancer patients was performed without knowledge of which are that had been given cream or not. Endpoints were a modified skin reaction grading according to EORTC/RTOG, and itching/apin in treated fields. The study did not indicate any clinically important benefits of using Bepanthen cream for ameliorating radiogenic skin reactions under the conditions applied. (orig.)

Randomized controlled trial of skin-to-skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator for physiological stabilization in 1200- to 2199-gram newborns.

Science.gov (United States)

Bergman, N J; Linley, L L; Fawcus, S R

2004-06-01

Conventional care of prematurely born infants involves extended maternal-infant separation and incubator care. Recent research has shown that separation causes adverse effects. Maternal-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) provides an alternative habitat to the incubator, with proven benefits for stable prematures; this has not been established for unstable or newborn low-birthweight infants. SSC from birth was therefore compared to incubator care for infants between 1200 and 2199 g at birth. This was a prospective, unblinded, randomized controlled clinical trial; potential subjects were identified before delivery and randomized by computerized minimization technique at 5 min if eligible. Standardized care and observations were maintained for 6 h. Stability was measured in terms of a set of pre-determined physiological parameters, and a composite cardio-respiratory stabilization score (SCRIP). 34 infants were analysed in comparable groups: 3/18 SSC compared to 12/13 incubator babies exceeded the pre-determined parameters (p incubator (maximum 78), mean difference 2.88 (95% CI: 0.3-5.46, p = 0.031). All 18 SSC subjects were stable in the sixth hour, compared to 6/13 incubator infants. Eight out of 13 incubator subjects experienced hypothermia. Newborn care provided by skin-to-skin contact on the mother's chest results in better physiological outcomes and stability than the same care provided in closed servo-controlled incubators. The cardio-respiratory instability seen in separated infants in the first 6 h is consistent with mammalian "protest-despair" biology, and with "hyper-arousal and dissociation" response patterns described in human infants: newborns should not be separated from their mothers.

L’Association du personnel, le TREF, le Comité des Finances et le Conseil du CERN

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2016-01-01

L’Association du personnel, forte de son approche participative et consensuelle, recherche toujours le meilleur accord possible pour l’Organisation et son personnel. Pour ce faire, discussions et concertation avec la Direction, travail d’explication et de persuasion au TREF et ailleurs auprès des délégués des États membres sont nos principaux atouts. TREF (Tripartite Employment Conditions Forum), un Forum d’échanges, de discussions « L’objectif du Forum est d’améliorer le processus de prise de décision  en donnant aux personnes concernées la possibilité et le temps de comprendre pleinement la position de tous les participants. » (CERN/RTG/8) Le Forum tripartite sur les conditions d’emploi (TREF), créé par le Conseil du CERN en juin 1994, est composé de r...

A single-blinded randomised controlled study to determine the efficacy of Omnilux Revive facial treatment in skin rejuvenation.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhat, Jaideep; Birch, Jan; Whitehurst, Colin; Lanigan, Sean W

2005-01-01

To determine the efficacy of Omnilux Revive facial treatment in skin rejuvenation, twenty-three volunteers received randomised 20 min treatments three times a week for three weeks to one half of their face, with the untreated side acting as control. Regular assessments were carried out, focusing on parameters of subject satisfaction, photographic assessments, skin elasticity (Cutometer) and skin hydration (Corneometer CM825). Ninety-one percent of the volunteers reported visible changes to their skin. Blinded photographic evaluation reported a clinical response in 59% of the subjects. Objective analysis failed to show statistically significant changes in skin hydration or elasticity. The Omnilux Revive LED lamp is a safe alternative non-ablative skin rejuvenation treatment.

INVESTIR DANS LE SAVOIR : le soutien que le CRDI consent à des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

5 nov. 2010 ... ... 40 ans, le Cenre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), en plus d'appuyer des travaux de recherche dans l'ensemble des pays en développement, encourage des générations successives de jeunes chercheurs par l'entremise de son Programme de formation et de bourses (PFB).

Le nouveau modèle africain | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... L'annulation de la dette, un commerce plus équitable, davantage d'aide : voilà le plan d'action mondial dont on convient qu'il faut de toute urgence mettre en oeuvre en vue d'accélérer le développement en Afrique. Or, ce serait rater le bateau que de ne pas s'engager dans la voie tout autre que les ...

La lipogenèse chez le lapin. Importance pour le contrôle de la teneur en lipides de la viande

OpenAIRE

Gondret, Florence

1999-01-01

La teneur en lipides d’un tissu est la résultante de plusieurs flux métaboliques (dépôt, synthèse, utilisation). Cet article présente les principales caractéristiques de la synthèse des lipides chez le lapin, dans le muscle comparativement aux tissus adipeux visibles et au foie. Le potentiel de synthèse de novo exprimé par le muscle augmente avec l’âge de l’animal, en parallèle à l’accumulation des triglycérides dans les adipocytes intramusculaires. L’activité des enzymes qui fournissent le N...

Supplementation with Eskimo Skin Care improves skin elasticity in women. A pilot study.

Science.gov (United States)

Segger, Dörte; Matthies, Andreas; Saldeen, Tom

2008-01-01

To investigate the question of whether supplementation with an oral oil formulation rich in natural stable fish oil can alter skin elasticity, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin roughness in healthy women. Twenty-four healthy women aged 40-60 years participated in a single-blind randomized trial for testing the effect of a proprietary oral supplement for skin nutrition (Eskimo Skin Care) on skin elasticity, TEWL, and skin roughness. Skin elasticity was measured by an optical cutometer, TEWL by a water-loss module based upon the vapour gradient principle, and skin roughness with a three-dimensional microtopography imaging system. Skin elasticity increased by 10% after 3 months of treatment with the supplement, a statistically significant increase in comparison with the control group (p=0.0298). There was a trend, though not statistically significant, towards a positive influence on the skin's barrier function. No effect on the skin roughness was observed. Eskimo Skin Care, an oral preparation rich in natural stable fish oil, can improve skin elasticity.

Livres | Page 18 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Qualitative Research for Tobacco Control : A How-to Introductory Manual for Researchers and Development Practitioners. Ce guide pratique est destiné à encourager les intervenants, où qu'ils se trouvent dans le monde, à s'engager dans la recherche contre le tabac en faisant appel à des méthodes et des outils qualita.

Publications | Page 175 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Qualitative Research for Tobacco Control : A How-to Introductory Manual for Researchers and Development Practitioners. Ce guide pratique est destiné à encourager les intervenants, où qu'ils se trouvent dans le monde, à s'engager dans la recherche contre le tabac en faisant appel à des méthodes et des outils qualitatifs.

Control of Lower Extremity Edema in Patients with Diabetes: Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Mild Compression Diabetic Socks

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Stephanie C.; Crews, Ryan T.; Skratsky, Melissa; Overstreet, Julia; Yalla, Sai V.; Winder, Michelle; Ortiz, Jacquelyn; Andersen, Charles A.

2017-01-01

Aims Persons with diabetes frequently present with lower extremity (LE) edema; however, compression therapy is generally avoided for fear of compromising arterial circulation in a population with a high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. This double blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed whether diabetic socks with mild compression could reduce LE edema in patients with diabetes without negatively impacting vascularity. Methods Eighty subjects with LE edema and diabetes were randomized to receive either mild-compression knee high diabetic socks (18–25mmHg) or non-compression knee high diabetic socks. Subjects were instructed to wear the socks during all waking hours. Follow-up visits occurred weekly for four consecutive weeks. Edema was quantified through midfoot, ankle, and calf circumferences and cutaneous fluid measurements. Vascular status was tracked via ankle brachial index (ABI), toe brachial index (TBI), and skin perfusion pressure (SPP). Results Seventy-seven subjects (39 controls and 38 mild-compression subjects) successfully completed the study. No statistical differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, gender, and ethnicity. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Sidak corrections for multiple comparisons were used for data analyses. Subjects randomized to mild-compression diabetic socks demonstrated significant decreases in calf and ankle circumferences at the end of treatment as compared to baseline. LE circulation did not diminish throughout the study with no significant decreases in ABI, TBI or SPP for either group. Conclusions Results of this RCT suggest that mild compression diabetic sock may be effectively and safely used in patients with diabetes and LE edema. PMID:28315576

A randomized controlled trial of skin care protocols for facial resurfacing: lessons learned from the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation's Skin Products Assessment Research study.

Science.gov (United States)

Pannucci, Christopher J; Reavey, Patrick L; Kaweski, Susan; Hamill, Jennifer B; Hume, Keith M; Wilkins, Edwin G; Pusic, Andrea L

2011-03-01

The Skin Products Assessment Research Committee was created by the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation in 2006. The Skin Products Assessment Research study aims were to (1) develop an infrastructure for Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation-conducted, industry-sponsored research in facial aesthetic surgery and (2) test the research process by comparing outcomes of the Obagi Nu-Derm System versus conventional therapy as treatment adjuncts for facial resurfacing procedures. The Skin Products Assessment Research study was designed as a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The study was conducted in women with Fitzpatrick type I to IV skin, moderate to severe facial photodamage, and periocular and/or perioral fine wrinkles. Patients underwent chemical peel or laser facial resurfacing and were randomized to the Obagi Nu-Derm System or a standard care regimen. The study endpoints were time to reepithelialization, erythema, and pigmentation changes. Fifty-six women were enrolled and 82 percent were followed beyond reepithelialization. There were no significant differences in mean time to reepithelialization between Obagi Nu-Derm System and control groups. The Obagi Nu-Derm System group had a significantly higher median erythema score on the day of surgery (after 4 weeks of product use) that did not persist after surgery. Test-retest photographic evaluations demonstrated that both interrater and intrarater reliability were adequate for primary study outcomes. The authors demonstrated no significant difference in time to reepithelialization between patients who used the Obagi Nu-Derm System or a standard care regimen as an adjunct to facial resurfacing procedures. The Skin Products Assessment Research team has also provided a discussion of future challenges for Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation-sponsored clinical research for readers of this article.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31

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31 déc. 2015 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... recherches pour le développement international (CRDI, le Centre) et ..... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30

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30 sept. 2015 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... recherches pour le développement international (le Centre) et de ..... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin en.

Le modèle spatial de la capitale allemande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antoine Laporte

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En Allemagne, en 1999, le Chancelier fédéral et son gouvernement ont quitté Bonn pour Berlin. Ce transfert du pouvoir est accompagné de celui d’une grande partie de l’appareil d’État et de la haute administration, et des fonctions qui leur sont traditionnellement attribuées comme la presse, les lobbys ou encore la diplomatie. Le déplacement du statut de capitale effective de l’Allemagne de Bonn à Berlin est le résultat des évolutions géopolitiques d’un pays ayant recouvré son unité et sa pleine et entière souveraineté. Installer le pouvoir exécutif et législatif à Berlin était une démarche hautement symbolique, visant à normaliser la position de l’ancienne capitale de la RDA et du IIIe Reich comme véritable centre politique de l’Allemagne. Or le déplacement des institutions fédérales n’est pas qu’un acte symbolique. Il entraîne également à l’échelle intra-urbaine des dynamiques très concrètes sur le tissu urbain et participe à la mise en place de nouvelles centralités dans la ville. En effet, le statut de capitale d’État prédestine l’agglomération à la coprésence de nombreuses fonctions urbaines spécifiques plus ou moins directement liées à l’exercice ou à la symbolique du pouvoir.

Les femmes dans le secteur du travail domestique et le secteur ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à rectifier le tir en faisant la lumière sur les caractéristiques ... le secteur du travail domestique et dans le secteur bancaire modifient la nature du travail ... des sciences sociales, des sciences humaines, de la santé publique ou.

Human Skin Constructs with Spatially Controlled Vasculature Using Primary and iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Abaci, Hasan E; Guo, Zongyou; Coffman, Abigail; Gillette, Brian; Lee, Wen-Han; Sia, Samuel K; Christiano, Angela M

2016-07-01

Vascularization of engineered human skin constructs is crucial for recapitulation of systemic drug delivery and for their long-term survival, functionality, and viable engraftment. In this study, the latest microfabrication techniques are used and a novel bioengineering approach is established to micropattern spatially controlled and perfusable vascular networks in 3D human skin equivalents using both primary and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived endothelial cells. Using 3D printing technology makes it possible to control the geometry of the micropatterned vascular networks. It is verified that vascularized human skin equivalents (vHSEs) can form a robust epidermis and establish an endothelial barrier function, which allows for the recapitulation of both topical and systemic delivery of drugs. In addition, the therapeutic potential of vHSEs for cutaneous wounds on immunodeficient mice is examined and it is demonstrated that vHSEs can both promote and guide neovascularization during wound healing. Overall, this innovative bioengineering approach can enable in vitro evaluation of topical and systemic drug delivery as well as improve the potential of engineered skin constructs to be used as a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of cutaneous wounds. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Le Conseil des gouverneurs | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le Conseil des gouverneurs guide le travail du CRDI en lui fournissant une orientation stratégique, en examinant ses activités et en approuvant ses budgets. Les gouverneurs – un maximum de 14 – sont nommés par le gouverneur en conseil du Canada pour un mandat d'au plus quatre ans, qui peut être reconduit. La Loi ...

Le FIVB annonce le financement de cinq autres projets | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 avr. 2018 ... En partenariat avec la Fondation Bill et Melinda Gates et Affaires mondiales Canada, le CRDI est heureux d'annoncer la prochaine série de projets soutenus par le Fonds d'innovation en matière de vaccins pour le bétail (FIVB). À ce jour, 11 projets ont obtenu un financement total de 13,6 millions de CAD ...

Démocratie et le développement dans le monde arabe | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le Rapport sur le développement humain dans le monde arabe 2002 souligne un " déficit en matière de libertés " fondamental dans le monde arabe se traduisant dans toute la région par des régimes autoritaires et la faiblesse de la démocratie. Cette subvention permettra aux chercheurs Samir Makdisi et Ibrahim Elbadawi ...

The influence of xenon poisoning in high-flux reactors on the choice of control rod speeds (1961); Influence de l'empoisonnement xenon dans les piles a haut flux sur le choix de la vitesse des barres de controle (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furet, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

- The general laws are restated concerning the changes in xenon and iodine concentrations in thermal neutron reactors, assuming an uniform neutron flux distribution in the core. It is shown how the evolution in the xenon poisoning influences the selection of the control rod speed, at start-up. Certain simple methods of calculation are developed making it possible to resolve the problem of the choice of this speed in the case where the xenon poisoning is taken into account. (author) [French] - On rappelle les lois generales relatives aux evolutions de concentration xenon et iode dans les piles atomiques a neutrons thermiques lorsqu'on suppose une repartition uniforme du flux de neutrons dans le coeur. On montre comment l'evolution de l'empoisonnement xenon influe sur le choix de la vitesse des barres de controle en periode de demarrage. On developpe certaines methodes de calculs simples permettant de resoudre le probleme du choix de la vitesse des barres de controle, dans le cas ou l'on tient compte de l'empoisonnement xenon. (auteur)

Le nouveau modèle africain | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... Or, ce serait rater le bateau que de ne pas s'engager dans la voie tout autre que les Africains proposent maintenant — à savoir se défaire du syndrome de la dépendance qui afflige l'Afrique depuis des décennies. Le Canada et les autres pays riches du Nord reconnaissent généralement qu'ils ne peuvent ...

Le facteur humain et la sûreté de fonctionnement dans le ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Notre contribution porte sur le rôle fondamental du facteur humain dans le management intégré des risques d'une part et du rôle déterminant qu'il peut avoir à jouer pour que la sûreté de fonctionnement réponde à sa propriété d'autre part. Un rôle illustré à travers une analyse de risque dans un complexe de Gaz Naturel ...

Schistosoma mansoni: quantitative aspects of the evolution of gamma-radiation cercariae at the skin, lungs and portal system, in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sa Cardoso, G. de; Coelho, P.M.Z.

1989-01-01

The migration of Schistosoma mansoni (LE and SJ strains) has been studied in eight groups of outbred Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus), which were previously infected with ca 450 cercariae, trans-cutaneously. The infection of mice was performed with non irradiated cercariae (control groups), or with gamma-irradiated cercariae, at the schedule of 3, 20 and 40 Krad. Regarding the skin, a progressive decrease was detected for the recovery rates, related to the time of infection. As far as the lungs and portal system are concerned, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the total recovery rate and the irradiation dosages. The dose of 20 Krad practically hinders the migration of the parasites (in both strains) from the lungs to the portal system, whereas the dose of 40 Krad prevents the migration of most of the parasites from the skin to the lungs. (author)

Le corps sportif1

OpenAIRE

Brulé, Pierre

2015-01-01

Le nu et le cuit Si, pas plus que l’Auvergne, le monde grec antique n’a été le théâtre d’un quelconque « miracle », il n’a pas manqué, toutefois, de « distinctions » diverses, d’exceptions même, qui le singularisent absolument. Une, c’est la pédérastie. Quelle culture l’a autant valorisée, autant instrumentalisée, l’a autant érigée en modèle ? Nous n’en avons pas encore mesuré toutes les conséquences. La place inhabituelle que prend là et alors cette polyvalence rare de la libido masculine de...

Topical microemulsion containing Punica granatum extract: its control over skin erythema and melanin in healthy Asian subjects.

Science.gov (United States)

Parveen, Rashida; Akhtar, Naveed; Mahmood, Tariq

2014-12-01

Punica granatum is apotent source of polyphenolic compounds with strong free radicals scavenging activity. The skin lightening effects of Punica granatum are assumed due to ellagic acid which acts by chelating copper at the active site of tyrosinase. To explore a topical microemulsion (O/W) of pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract for its control on skin erythema and melanin. Microemulsions were formulated using a polysorbate surfactant (Tween 80(®)) along with cosurfactant (propylene glycol) and were characterized regarding their stability. The placebo microemulsion (without extract) and the active microemulsion (containing Punica extract) were applied in a split face fashion by the volunteers (n = 11) for a period of 12 weeks. Skin erythema and melanin were measured at baseline and after every 15 days to determine any effect produced by these formulations. Active formulation showed a significant impact on skin erythema and melanin (p Punica granatum extract for conditions where elevated skin melanin and erythema have significantly prone skin physiology.

Développement du logiciel de contrôle de Vertex Locator

CERN Document Server

Mennane, M

2005-01-01

L’expérience LHCb, qui consiste à mettre en collision deux faisceaux de particules pour en observer les phénomènes résultants, est dotée d’un système de contrôle fondé sur l’utilisation du logiciel PVSS et d’un système client-serveur. PVSS permet à l’utilisateur du détecteur de gérer par le biais d’une interface graphique toute l’électronique. Le système client-serveur intégré à PVSS, appelé DIM, offre quant à lui la possibilité de configurer et de surveiller le détecteur à partir d’un ordinateur quelconque. Toute une chaîne de contrôle a été conçue pour le Vertex Locator, détecteur le plus proche du point de collision permettant de reconstituer la trajectoire des particules issues de l’impact. Deux cartes électroniques sont au coeur de la chaîne de contrôle du Vertex Locator : le control board qui permet d’envoyer via I2C des commandes de configuration aux composants et de distribuer des signaux de synchronisation, et le temperature board qui permet de veil...

Effect of controlled laser microporation on drug transport kinetics into and across the skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Bachhav, Y G; Summer, S; Heinrich, A; Bragagna, T; Böhler, C; Kalia, Y N

2010-08-17

The objectives of this study were to investigate a novel laser microporation technology ( P.L.E.A.S.E. Painless Laser Epidermal System) and to determine the effect of pore number and depth on the rate and extent of drug delivery across the skin. In addition, the micropores were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and histological studies were used to determine the effect of laser fluence (energy applied per unit area) on pore depth. Porcine ear skin was used as the membrane for both the pore characterization and drug transport studies. Confocal images in the XY-plane revealed that the pores were typically 150-200 microm in diameter. Histological sections confirmed that fluence could be used to effectively control pore depth - low energy application (4.53 and 13.59 J/cm(2)) resulted in selective removal of the stratum corneum (20-30 microm), intermediate energies (e.g., 22.65 J/cm(2)) produced pores that penetrated the viable epidermis (60-100 microm) and higher application energies created pores that reached the dermis (>150-200 microm). The effects of pore number and pore depth on molecular transport were quantified by comparing lidocaine delivery kinetics across intact and porated skin samples. After 24h, cumulative skin permeation of lidocaine with 0 (control), 150, 300, 450 and 900 pores was 107+/-46, 774+/-110, 1400+/-344, 1653+/-437 and 1811+/-642 microg/cm(2), respectively; there was no statistically significant difference between 300, 450 and 900 pore data - probably due to the effect of drug depletion since >50% of the applied dose was delivered. Importantly, increasing fluence did not produce a statistically significant increase in lidocaine permeation; after 24h, cumulative lidocaine permeation was 1180+/-448, 1350+/-445, 1240+/-483 and 1653+/-436 microg/cm(2) at fluences of 22.65, 45.3, 90.6 and 135.9 J/cm(2), respectively. Thus, shallow pores were equally effective in delivering lidocaine. Increasing lidocaine concentration in the

Hyperloop : le droit et le devoir de douter...

OpenAIRE

Crozet , Yves

2016-01-01

National audience; C’est comme si c’était fait ! Les journaux les plus sérieux (Les Echos) nous annoncent que le premier test du prototype Hyperloop dans le désert du Nevada est un succès. Le projet futuriste d’Elon Musk se concrétise. Un véhicule terrestre de transport collectif va bientôt se déplacer à plus de 1000 km/h entre San Francisco et Los Angeles. Comme pour donner du crédit à cette information, la SNCF, via sa filiale SYSTRA va devenir partenaire du projet. Déjà les journaux de Pro...

LE LIEN ENTRE FINANCE ET ECONOMIE ISLAMIQUES VIA LE MODELE PRINCIPIEL "ZR"

OpenAIRE

BELABES, ABDERRAZAK

2010-01-01

A l'heure où certains évoquent l'intégration de la finance islamique à la finance globale, et d'autres rattachent la finance islamique à des thèmes en vogue telles que la finance éthique, la finance participative ou la finance socialement responsable, le présent papier explore le lien entre finance et économie islamiques à partir du modèle principiel "ZR", c’est-à-dire "Zakât" et "Ribâ". Ce modèle montre que les principes invariants de Zakât et Ribâ jouent un rôle central dans l’établissement...

Le Kenya nomme le titulaire de sa première chaire de recherche

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

14 avr. 2016 ... De concert avec le CRDI, la National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) du Kenya a inauguré sa première chaire de recherche à Nairobi, le 31 mars 2015. Le professeur Fabian Omoding Esamai, qui dirige actuellement le College of Health Sciences de la Moi University, a été ...

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31 décembre 2014

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

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31 déc. 2014 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... recherches pour le développement international (le Centre) et de ...... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en vue .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin.

Le cru, le cuit et le pourri dans _Le vice-consul_ de Marguerite Duras

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélène Caron

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Bien que plusieurs articles critiques aient déjà avancé de nouvelles perspectives sur le texte Le Vice-Consul (LVC de Marguerite Duras, l’analyse de la représentation de la nourriture dans ce roman n’a fait l’objet d’aucune étude. Cet article tente donc de combler cette lacune en proposant d’analyser les images du cru et du cuit, images qui se rejoignent sous les notions du pourri et de l’abject, tout en offrant quelques interprétations de l’un des passages critiques du roman où la folle mendiante croque la tête d’un poisson vivant.

Le Peer to Peer: Vers un Nouveau Modèle de Civilization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Bauwens

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Le « peer to peer » est la dynamique intersubjective caractéristique des réseaux distribués. Le but de cet essai est de montrer qu'il s'agit d'une véritable nouvelle forme d’organisation sociale, apte à produire et échanger des biens, à créer de la valeur. Celle-ci est la conséquence d'un nouvel imaginaire social, et possède le potentiel de devenir le pilier d'un nouveau mode d'économie politique, voire d'un nouveau type de civilisation. Pour cela, nous allons d'abord définir le P2P, décrire en bref ces manifestations, et le différencier d'autres modalités d'échange intersubjectif tel que le marché, la hiérarchie, l'économie du don.Comme principale modalité P2P nous distinguons: Les processus de production P2P, comme troisième mode de production, qui n'est ni géré par un mode hiérarchique ou par l'état, ni répondant à des impératifs de profit ou qui sont modulés par le biais des prix. Les processus de gouvernance P2P, qui gouverne ces processus de production. Les formes de propriété P2P, qui sont destine a empecher l’appropriation prive de cette production pour le commun.Afin d’examiner les characteristiques de cette nouvelle dynamique sociale, nous utilisons la typologie intersubjective de l’anthropologue Alan Page Fisque, qui distingue: 1. l'échange égalitaire (Equality Matching, c..a.d l’economie du don. 2. La relation d’autorité (Authority Ranking tel qu’elle s’exprime dans le mode hierarchique. 3. le marché (Market Pricing. 4. la participation commune (Communal Shareholding.En conclusion, nous examinons les possibilites d’expansion de ce nouveau mode sociale et son insertion dans l’economie capitaliste, en nous nous posons la question: le P2P peut-il etre concu comme alternative sociale et economique aux modeles existants.

Le « modèle germanique » Français

OpenAIRE

Lefebvre , Armelle

2009-01-01

Resume Le concept d?Allemagne permet de reveler, selon une approche , l?ampleur des desaccords ayant preside a la definition du concept d?Etat en France. De ce dernier, l?on aborde divers emplois qu?illustrent des modeles d?Etat. Le opere ainsi dans un debat qui est le creuset de la connaissance politique moderne, avec ses apories: celles de la souverainete externe, de l?ordre interetatique, de la confederation. L?article expose alo...

Psychosocial effects of a skin camouflage program in female survivors with head and neck cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Shu-Ching; Huang, Bing-Shen; Lin, Chien-Yu; Fan, Kang-Hsing; Chang, Joseph Tung-Chien; Wu, Shu-Chen; Lai, Yeur-Hur

2017-09-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a skin camouflage program on disfigurement, self-esteem, social interaction, and body image in female head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. A prospective, repeated-measures, randomized controlled therapeutic intervention design was used. A total of 66 participants were randomly assigned to each group, with 32 in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. The experimental group received a 4-session skin camouflage program, and the control group received routine care. Patients were assessed at 3 time points: baseline assessment (T0) and then at 1, 2, and 3 months (T1, T2, and T3, respectively) after participating in the skin camouflage program. Patients in the experimental group had significantly less facial disfigurement, depression, fear of social interaction, and anxiety regarding social interaction compared with those in the control group. Participants in both groups had significantly lower levels of facial disfigurement, depression, fear of social interaction, anxiety of social interaction, and body image at the final posttest assessment than at the pretest assessment. There were no differences between the groups and within groups with respect to self-esteem. The 3-month skin camouflage program effectively improved facial disfigurement, fear of social interaction, anxiety of social interaction, and body image of female HNC survivors. A survival care plan should include a skin camouflage program to improve body image perception and decrease anxiety after treatment of HNC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Los Dioramas de Le Corbusier = Le Corbusier's Dioramas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ramón Alonso Pereira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available ResumenLe Corbusier simboliza el urbanismo moderno racional, cuyo esfuerzo riguroso de planificación exige un esfuerzo paralelo de comprensión. Se opone a ese urbanismo contemporáneo que quiere percibir y disfrutar la ciudad sensiblemente. Sentimiento y razón, sin embargo, no son opuestos y Le Corbusier nos dio en su momento las claves para intentar una síntesis, uniéndolos de modo singular por medio de sus ‘boîte à miracles’ o ‘cajas mágicas’: esos "espectáculos arquitectónicos de síntesis" que definiría en el Ciam de 1951. Pretendemos aproximarnos aquí a la primera de esos ‘espectáculos’: el ‘diorama’, viéndolo como estrategia corbuseriana de mediación entre lo racional y lo sensible en la ciudad moderna y contemporánea.Palabras claveLe Corbusier, diorama, Ville Contemporaine, Plan Voisin, Plan MaciáAbstractLe Corbusier symbolizes the modern rational urbanism, whose rigorous effort of town planning demands a parallel effort of comprehension. It opposes to these contemporary urbanism that wish to perceive and to enjoy cities in a sensible way. Nevertheless, sentiment and reason are not adverses and Le Corbusier gives us at his  moment keys to intent a synthesis, joined them in a singular way by means of his ‘boîtes à miracles’ or ‘magic boxes’: those "architectural spectacles of synthesis" that he defined in 1951 Ciam. Here we try to approach to the first of those ‘spectacles’: the ‘diorama’, considering it as a corbusean strategy of mediation between rational and sensible in modern and contemporary city.Key wordsLe Corbusier, diorama, Ville Contemporaine, Plan Voisin, Plan Maciá.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sophie Comeau

30 sept. 2011 ... politiques, de chercheurs et de collectivités de par le monde. ..... Financement : le CRDI est visé par l'Examen stratégique et ... Le Conseil des gouverneurs a amorcé la planification du recrutement du nouveau président.

Le Sanskrit

CERN Document Server

Balbir, Nalini

2013-01-01

Cet ouvrage est destiné à tous ceux qui souhaitent se mettre ou se remettre à l'étude du sanskrit et ne peuvent y consacrer que quelques minutes par jour. En suivant le principe de la méthode quotidienne Assimil, vous acquerrez progressivement le vocabulaire et la grammaire de base qui sont nécessaires à la lecture des textes de la littérature sanskrite classique. Vous trouverez dans cette méthode une approche vivante de la langue et de la culture sanskrite classique à travers des textes d'abord adaptés pour le débutant puis authentiques. En quelques mois, vous manierez la langue sans efforts ni hésitation, de manière très naturelle. Les enregistrements reprennent l'intégralité des textes en sanskrit des leçons et des exercices de traduction du livre. Ils sont interprétés, à un rythme progressif, par des locuteurs natifs professionnels.

De quoi le genre est-il le nom ?

OpenAIRE

Andrieu, Bernard

2013-01-01

Cette note de lecture présente une courte évolution des travaux sur le genre sous l’angle du rapport au corps en démontrant comment la dénaturalisation du corps et du sexe biologique a conduit à une description culturaliste des fonctions individuelles et des rôles sociaux. Si le genre dénaturalise le corps c’est en refusant toute référence au sexe ou à la sexualité en tant qu’ils seraient des données naturelles. Depuis son apparition en 1947, sous la plume de John Money, psychologue chargé du...

Le modèle fédéral dans le sport français, un principe fondateur dépassé ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Béatrice Barbusse

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Dans le sport français, le fédéralisme s’est installé comme une évidence institutionnelle dès la fin du 19e siècle et le début du 20e siècle dans un pays qui pourtant ne se pense pas fédéral. En outre, si son apparition est liée à l’émergence du sport comme nouvelle pratique sociale à côté d’autres pratiques physiques plus traditionnelles, il s’est rapidement imposé comme la pierre angulaire de l’ordre sportif français. Près d’un siècle plus tard, son monopole institutionnel est bousculé voire «concurrencé». Ces constats d’ensemble nous amènent à nous interroger sur les raisons pour lesquelles le sport a épousé le modèle fédéral dans un pays non fédéral, mais aussi sur ses limites actuelles. Est-il encore le modèle approprié aux circonstances contemporaines ? A-t-il toujours sa place dans le système de gouvernance du sport ? Ou bien, a contrario, reste-t-il le dernier rempart légitime face aux excès du sport contemporain (dopage, violence, corruptions, déficits… ? À partir d’une approche socio-historique, il s’est agi dans cet article de reconstruire le fil de la généalogie du fédéralisme sportif tout en s’interrogeant sur ses perspectives. Au delà de la question du fédéralisme, c’est bien celle de la gouvernance du sport contemporain qui est posée.

Le modèle judiciaire libéral mis à l’épreuve : la surveillance des juges sous le Directoire

OpenAIRE

Berger, Emmanuel

2007-01-01

La justice du Directoire est principalement identifiée aux différentes violations infligées par le gouvernement afin de contrôler le pouvoir judiciaire et durcir la répression criminelle. Cette représentation est, en réalité, partiale. L’auteur tente de le prouver à travers l’analyse d’un aspect essentiel du système judiciaire directorial : la surveillance des juges. L’étude des normes et des pratiques montre que le mode de surveillance établi par le code des délits et des peines respecte la ...

Rôle des universités dans le renforcement des technologies de l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Rôle des universités dans le renforcement des technologies de l'information et de la communication au service du développement (TIC-D) en Asie. Jusqu'à maintenant, les efforts déployés dans le secteur de l'enseignement supérieur ont surtout été axés sur le téléapprentissage, l'apprentissage électronique et différentes ...

Protective effects of fermented honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) extract (HU-018) against skin aging: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Sun Young; Hong, Ji Yeon; Ko, Eun Jung; Kim, Beom Joon; Hong, Sung-Woon; Lim, Mi Hyoung; Yeon, Sung Hum; Son, Rak Ho

2018-02-01

Oxidative stress and photodamage resulting from ultraviolet radiation exposure play key roles in skin aging. Fermented Cyclopia intermedia, which is used to brew honeybush tea, exerts antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effects by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase activity. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fermented honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) extract (HU-018) for skin rejuvenation. 120 Korean subjects with crow's feet wrinkles were randomized to receive either low-dose extract (400 mg/day), high-dose extract (800 mg/day), or placebo (negative control, only dextran) for 12 weeks. Wrinkles were evaluated using JANUS ® and PRIMO pico ® . Skin elasticity, hydration and transepidermal water loss were measured. Global skin wrinkle grade was significantly improved in both low-dose and high-dose groups compared to placebo group, as well as for skin hydration and elasticity. Both the low- and high-dose groups showed significantly decreased TEWL compared to the placebo group. There were no adverse effects during the entire study period. Our data indicate that HU-018 is effective for improving skin wrinkles, elasticity, and hydration. Therefore, daily supplementation with fermented honeybush could be helpful for protecting against skin aging.

Le Mouvement Social

OpenAIRE

FRIDENSON, Patrick

2003-01-01

J'ai la faiblesse d'affirmer que parmi les revues françaises d'histoire Le Mouvement Social est la revue qui a publié le plus d'articles et de comptes rendus en matière d'histoire des femmes et du gender. Chacun peut le vérifier grâce à nos pages Web sur le site Internet du Dictionnaire créé par Jean Maitron. Elles comportent la table des matières complète de la revue depuis sa fondation en 1960. Notre rédaction est extrêmement fière de ce résultat. Mais elle reconnaît qu'il a été difficile à...

Le faussaire roman

CERN Document Server

D'Anna, Gianfranco

2016-01-01

À l'aube du XXIe siècle, le monde de la science est sur le point de vivre une révolution. Le jeune physicien allemand Albert Hendrick Thebell, des célèbres laboratoires de recherche B-Labs, à Summit, dans le New Jersey, publie, dans les plus grandes revues scientifiques internationales, une série d'articles dans lesquels il prétend avoir obtenu des résultats extraordinaires qui pourraient révolutionner les bases mêmes de la technologie. Rapidement, la communauté scientifique puis les médias saluent en lui un futur prix Nobel; on compare même son génie à celui d'Albert Einstein. Le progrès scientifique semble avoir franchi une étape décisive, susceptible d'amener un futur meilleur. Mais ces découvertes sont-elles authentiques ? Car pendant ce temps, dans les mêmeslaboratoires, des voix s'élèvent pour contester non seulement les théories de Thebell mais aussi la légitimité même de ses expériences ; certains le soupçonnent d'avoir combiné la plus grande fraude scientifique de tous l...

Le rôle du pharmacien dans la fécondation in vitro

OpenAIRE

Hannoun , Odélia

2017-01-01

La procréation médicalement assistée regroupe plusieurs techniques venant en aide aux couples ayant des difficultés à concevoir. Environ 15% des couples en age de procréer consultent pour une difficulté à concevoir. Ce véritable problème de société nous incite à réfléchir sur le role que tient le pharmacien en tant que professionnel de santé dans le parcours de fécondation in vitro. Le pharmacien développe une relation étroite avec les patients au comptoir. Il est la pour expliquer le traitem...

Model-Based Throttle Control using Static Compensators and Pole Placement Commande des gaz basée sur un modèle utilisant des compensateurs statiques et un placement de pôles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomasson A.

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In modern spark ignited engines, the throttle is controlled by the Electronic Control Unit (ECU, which gives the ECU direct control of the air flow and thereby the engine torque. This puts high demands on the speed and accuracy of the controller that positions the throttle plate. The throttle control problem is complicated by two strong nonlinear effects, friction and limp-home torque. This paper proposes the use of two, simultaneously active, static compensators to counter these effects and approximately linearize the system. A PID controller is designed for the linearized system, where pole placement is applied to design the PD controller and a gain scheduled I-part is added for robustness against model errors. A systematic procedure for generating compensator and controller parameters from open loop experiments is also developed. The controller performance is evaluated both in simulation, on a throttle control benchmark problem, and experimentally. A robustness investigation pointed out that the limp-home position is an important parameter for the controller performance, this is emphasized by the deviations found in experiments. The proposed method for parameter identification achieves the desired accuracy. Au sein des moteurs à allumage commandé modernes, les gaz sont régulés par le boîtier de commande électronique (ECU; Electronic Control Unit, qui permet la régulation directe par l’ECU du flux d’air et ainsi du couple moteur. Cela conduit à des exigences élevées quant à la vitesse et à la précision du régulateur qui positionne le papillon des gaz. Le problème de commande des gaz est compliqué par deux forts effets non linéaires, le frottement et le couple de mode de secours (“limp-home”. Cet article propose l’utilisation de deux compensateurs statiques, actifs simultanément, pour contrer ces effets et linéariser approximativement le système. Un régulateur PID est conçu pour le système linéarisé, où un

Le boson et le chapeau mexicain un nouveau grand récit de l'univers

CERN Document Server

Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilles

2013-01-01

Le boson ? C'est l'ultime particule élémentaire prédite par la théorie de l'infiniment petit, qui manquait encore et dont la découverte, grâce au grand collisionneur de hadrons du CERN, a été annoncée au monde entier le 4 juillet 2012. Postulée en 1964 par Robert Brout, François Englert et Peter Higgs, elle explique que le photon - particule qui transmet la force électromagnétique - n'a pas de masse, à l'encontre de celles véhiculant la force faible. Une telle dissymétrie était a priori incompatible avec la symétrie fondamentale, dite «de jauge», sur laquelle est fondé le modèle standard de la physique des particules. Le chapeau mexicain ? C'est le mécanisme grâce auquel le boson rend compte, en préservant les acquis du modèle standard, de l'origine des masses des particules élémentaires. Le boson et le chapeau mexicain se placent à la croisée - retracée par les deux auteurs en dialogue avec François Englert - des chemins de l'évolution des théories de l'astrophysique contemp...

Skin Diseases: Skin Health and Skin Diseases

Science.gov (United States)

Skip Navigation Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Skin Diseases Skin Health and Skin Diseases Past Issues / Fall 2008 Table of Contents ... acne to wrinkles Did you know that your skin is the largest organ of your body? It ...

Entre les violences conjugales et le harcèlement moral : le stalking .

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Desurmont

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Ce livre de la criminologue Murielle Anteo est le premier publié en langue française sur le stalking si l’on excepte les travaux encore inédits de Virginie Léon (2004. Comme le rappelle l’auteure, le terme est emprunté à l’anglais to stalk (hanter, rôder, et désigne un comportement menaçant, initié par un individu dont l’objectif conscient ou inconscient est l’objectivation de sa victime à des fins de domination. L’agression prend différentes formes : ...

Le jeu de la création : Le mangeur (2005) de Ying Chen

OpenAIRE

Nicole Dunham

2013-01-01

Le théoricien James Hans définit le jeu comme une déconstruction structurante, un processus de perpétuelle remise en question. Dans Le Mangeur (2005) de Ying Chen, la narratrice revit un épisode d’une de ses vies passées où elle meurt mangée, avalée, par son père, descendant dans le « tunnel » du ventre de ce dernier. Cependant, suite à cet événement, elle se retrouve dans un autre espace-temps où elle rencontre son mari, A.. Une équivalence s’établit dans le roman entre les éléments suivants...

Le CRDI en Colombie

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI appuie la recherche en Colombie dans des domaines tels ... Le CRDI a soutenu des activités de longue haleine qui ont eu pour ... Des travaux subventionnés par le CRDI ont aidé une fondation à intégrer Internet à son programme ...

Exploring cucumber extract for skin rejuvenation | Akhtar | African ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study was designed to develop a topical skin-care cream water in oil (w/o) ... versus its vehicle (Base) as control and evaluates its effects on skin-melanin, skin erythema, skin moisture, skin sebum and transepidermal water loss (TEWL).

La construction de la matière le modèle Standard

CERN Document Server

Léon, Jacques

2016-01-01

Qu'est-ce que la matière ? Voilà une question à laquelle il pourrait sembler facile de répondre car il n'est rien de plus concret que la matière. Et pourtant, la réponse qu'en donne la physique contemporaine est pour le moins déconcertante ! Le concept-même de particules, briques élémentaires de la matière, s'est volatilisé, dissout dans des objets mathématiques abstraits et abscons pour les non-initiés. Plus nos théories sont précises et plus l'image qu'elles nous renvoient est insaisissable. En un siècle, la représentation des particules s'est métamorphosée en nuages de probabilité portés par des champs quantiques régis par des symétries confinées dans des espaces abstraits. Mais dans un même temps, nous avons réussi le tour de force d'expliquer toute cette complexité avec seulement 16 particules… et une seule théorie, véritable construction de notre conception de la matière : le modèle standard. Ce livre tente de guider le lecteur dans le dédale de la physique des particu...

Surgical Management of the Thick-Skinned Nose.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Richard E; Hrisomalos, Emily N

2018-02-01

When executed properly, open structure rhinoplasty can dramatically improve the consistency, durability, and quality of the cosmetic surgical outcome. Moreover, in expert hands, dramatic transformations in skeletal architecture can be accomplished with minimal risk and unparalleled control, all while preserving nasal airway function. While skeletal enhancements have become increasingly more controlled and precise, the outer skin-soft tissue envelope (SSTE) often presents a formidable obstacle to a satisfactory cosmetic result. In noses with unusually thick skin, excessive skin volume and characteristically hostile healing responses frequently combine to obscure or sometimes even negate cosmetic skeletal modifications and taint the surgical outcome. For this challenging patient subgroup, care must be taken to optimize the SSTE using a graduated treatment strategy directed at minimizing skin thickness and controlling unfavorable healing responses. When appropriate efforts are implemented to manage thick nasal skin, cosmetic outcomes are often substantially improved, sometimes even negating the ill-effects of thick skin altogether. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Intelligence artificielle et agents collectifs : le modèle EUROSIM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Pumain

2007-07-01

Full Text Available EUROSIM est un modèle multi-agents conçu pour simuler l’évolution à moyen terme du système des villes européennes. Les agents sont des entités collectives, les grandes villes caractérisées par leur taille et leur fonction dans le système des villes, et dont les interactions (échanges modulés par des relations de proximité ou de réseau déterminent la dynamique relative, tandis que la croissance d’ensemble dépend de l’innovation. Des outils d’analyse multiscalaire ont été développés afin d’interpréter les sorties du modèle et faciliter le calibrage.

ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : Le logement et le capital humain à Cuba ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 janv. 2011 ... ÉTUDE DE CAS — Cuba : Le logement et le capital humain à Cuba ... Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) du Canada révèle ... Les ressources déjà limitées sont devenues encore plus rares. ... de l'Institut national pour l'hygiène, l'épidémiologie et la microbiologie (INHEM), ...

Le Rôle du langage de programmation dans la réalisation de code ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le Rôle du langage de programmation dans la réalisation de code de qualité, les cas de Delphi et C++ Nous discutons dans ce papier le rôle du langage de programmation dans la production d'un code de qualité. La qualité d'un code peut être atteinte en respectant certains critères simples au niveau de la programmation ...

Gossip Girls : le rôle du potin dans quelques romans pour adolescentes

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Daniela Di Cecco

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Cet article explore le rôle joué par le potin dans une sélection de romans anglophones publiés aux Etats-Unis et au Canada pour adolescentes et préadolescentes. Des études psychologiques et sociologiques récentes sur les agressions féminines et la façon dont les filles infligent de la peine aux autres filles de façon indirecte et voilée servent de cadre à notre analyse. Le fait que la violence physique soit considérée comme un comportement réservé aux garçons et donc inapproprié pour les filles, incite les adolescentes à agir autrement. Le potin devient parfois une arme pour marginaliser ou punir une fille, mais il peut aussi jouer un rôle positif au niveau de la cohésion d’une bande et de la solidarité entre filles.

Politique CERN pour le contrôle d'accès à son domaine et description de l'implantation en cours

CERN Document Server

Jacot, C

1998-01-01

Une volonté politique claire émanant de la direction du CERN et de l'Access Control Panel a chargé la section ST/MC/AC de mettre en place un concept de contrôle d'accès global et cohérent pour l'ensemble des accès au domaine et aux sites de ses accélérateurs. Cela implique que depuis l'accueil et l'enregistrement des personnes jusqu'à la gestion, la surveillance du domaine ainsi que les installations techniques de contrôle d'accès, tous ces services qui sont complémentaires sont désormais rassemblés dans une seule section. Un projet de management des autorisations fortement informatisé ainsi que la productions des cartes CERN sont en cours d'installation. De nombreuses autres installations de contrôle d'accès sont opérationnelles et d'autres sont en cours de réalisation. Toutes seront ensuite intégrées et supervisées depuis une centrale située dans le bâtiment 120, cette dernière est exploitée par une société de surveillance au bénéfice d'un contrat avec le CERN.

Shelf-life evaluation of bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wan Tai Seet

Full Text Available Skin plays an important role in defense against infection and other harmful biological agents. Due to its fragile structure, skin can be easily damaged by heat, chemicals, traumatic injuries and diseases. An autologous bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™, was engineered to provide a living skin substitute to treat critical skin loss. However, one of the disadvantages of living skin substitute is its short shelf-life, hence limiting its distribution worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of MyDerm™ through assessment of cell morphology, cell viability, population doubling time and functional gene expression levels before transplantation. Skin samples were digested with 0.6% Collagenase Type I followed by epithelial cells dissociation with TrypLE Select. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were culture-expanded to obtain sufficient cells for MyDerm™ construction. MyDerm™ was constructed with plasma-fibrin as temporary biomaterial and evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after storage at 4°C for its shelf-life determination. The morphology of skin cells derived from MyDerm™ remained unchanged across storage times. Cells harvested from MyDerm™ after storage appeared in good viability (90.5%±2.7% to 94.9%±1.6% and had short population doubling time (58.4±8.7 to 76.9±19 hours. The modest drop in cell viability and increased in population doubling time at longer storage duration did not demonstrate a significant difference. Gene expression for CK10, CK14 and COL III were also comparable between different storage times. In conclusion, MyDerm™ can be stored in basal medium at 4°C for at least 72 hours before transplantation without compromising its functionality.

Shelf-life evaluation of bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™.

Science.gov (United States)

Seet, Wan Tai; Manira, Maarof; Maarof, Manira; Khairul Anuar, Khairoji; Chua, Kien-Hui; Ahmad Irfan, Abdul Wahab; Ng, Min Hwei; Aminuddin, Bin Saim; Ruszymah, Bt Hj Idrus

2012-01-01

Skin plays an important role in defense against infection and other harmful biological agents. Due to its fragile structure, skin can be easily damaged by heat, chemicals, traumatic injuries and diseases. An autologous bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™, was engineered to provide a living skin substitute to treat critical skin loss. However, one of the disadvantages of living skin substitute is its short shelf-life, hence limiting its distribution worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of MyDerm™ through assessment of cell morphology, cell viability, population doubling time and functional gene expression levels before transplantation. Skin samples were digested with 0.6% Collagenase Type I followed by epithelial cells dissociation with TrypLE Select. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were culture-expanded to obtain sufficient cells for MyDerm™ construction. MyDerm™ was constructed with plasma-fibrin as temporary biomaterial and evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after storage at 4°C for its shelf-life determination. The morphology of skin cells derived from MyDerm™ remained unchanged across storage times. Cells harvested from MyDerm™ after storage appeared in good viability (90.5%±2.7% to 94.9%±1.6%) and had short population doubling time (58.4±8.7 to 76.9±19 hours). The modest drop in cell viability and increased in population doubling time at longer storage duration did not demonstrate a significant difference. Gene expression for CK10, CK14 and COL III were also comparable between different storage times. In conclusion, MyDerm™ can be stored in basal medium at 4°C for at least 72 hours before transplantation without compromising its functionality.

Control of the skin scarring response

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lydia M. Ferreira

2009-09-01

Full Text Available There comes a time when the understanding of the cutaneous healing process becomes essential due to the need for a precocious tissue repair to reduce the physical, social, and psychological morbidity. Advances in the knowledge on the control of interaction among cells, matrix and growth factors will provide more information on the Regenerative Medicine, an emerging area of research in medical bioengineering. However, considering the dynamism and complexity of the cutaneous healing response, it is fundamental to understand the control mechanism exerted by the interaction and synergism of both systems, cutaneous nervous and central nervous, via hypothalamus hypophysis-adrenal axis, a relevant subject, but hardly ever explored. The present study reviews the neuro-immune-endocrine physiology of the skin responsible for its multiple functions and the extreme disturbances of the healing process, like the excess and deficiency of the extracellular matrix deposition.Aproxima-se uma época na qual é fundamental a compreensão do processo cicatricial cutâneo frente à necessidade da restauração tecidual precoce, visando a diminuição das morbidades física, social e psicológica. O avanço no conhecimento acerca do controle das interações entre as células, a matriz e os fatores de crescimento dará maiores informações à Medicina Regenerativa, área de pesquisa emergente da bioengenharia médica. Entretanto, diante do dinamismo e complexidade da resposta cicatricial cutânea torna-se indispensável o entendimento do mecanismo de controle exercido pela interação e sinergismo do sistema nervoso cutâneo e o sistema nervoso central, via eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal, tema relevante, porém, pouco abordado. O presente estudo revisa a fisiologia neuro-imuno-endócrina da pele, responsável por suas múltiplas funções, e os distúrbios extremos do processocicatricial, como o excesso e deficiência de deposição da matriz extracelular.

205 Le Role de la Litterature dans le Developpement de la Nation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ike Odimegwu

du plaisir en même temps qu'il le moralise. Elle fait naître dans ses lecteurs ou dans son audience des .... développement de l'esprit>>(319)Par cette définition nous comprenons que le développement signale qu'il du progrès ... qu'elle est une œuvre de l'imagination qui aide l'homme à transcender le monde physique.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 juin ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sophie Comeau

30 juin 2017 ... Régi par la Loi sur le Centre de recherches pour le développement international ... des retombées; forme des leaders dans les secteurs de l'administration .... Au cours de la période de trois mois qui a pris fin le 30 juin 2017, ...

Bacterial recolonization of the skin and wound contamination during cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial of the use of plastic adhesive drape compared with bare skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Falk-Brynhildsen, K; Söderquist, B; Friberg, O; Nilsson, U G

2013-06-01

Sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery is a serious complication. Various perioperative strategies, including plastic adhesive drapes, are used to reduce bacterial contamination of surgical wounds. To compare plastic adhesive drape to bare skin regarding bacterial growth in wound and time to recolonization of the adjacent skin intraoperatively, in cardiac surgery patients. This single-blinded randomized controlled trial (May 2010 to May 2011) included 140 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. The patients were randomly allocated to the adhesive drape (chest covered with plastic adhesive drape) or bare skin group. Bacterial samples were taken preoperatively and intraoperatively every hour during surgery until skin closure. Disinfection with 0.5% chlorhexidine solution in 70% alcohol decreased coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), while the proportion colonized with Propionibacterium acnes was not significantly reduced and was still present in more than 50% of skin samples. P. acnes was significantly more common in men than in women. Progressive bacterial recolonization of the skin occurred within 2-3 h. At 120 min there were significantly more positive cultures in the adhesive drape group versus bare skin group for P. acnes (63% vs 44%; P = 0.034) and for CoNS (45% vs 24%; P = 0.013). The only statistically significant difference in bacterial growth in the surgical wound was higher proportion of CoNS at the end of surgery in the adhesive drape group (14.7% vs 4.4%; P = 0.044). Plastic adhesive drape does not reduce bacterial recolonization. P. acnes colonized men more frequently, and was not decreased by disinfection with chlorhexidine solution in alcohol. Copyright © 2013 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Management of pediatric skin-graft donor sites: a randomized controlled trial of three wound care products.

Science.gov (United States)

Brenner, Maria; Hilliard, Carol; Peel, Glynis; Crispino, Gloria; Geraghty, Ruth; OʼCallaghan, Gill

2015-01-01

Skin grafts are used to treat many types of skin defects in children, including burns, traumatic wounds, and revision of scars. The objective of this prospective randomized controlled trial was to compare the effectiveness of three dressing types for pediatric donor sites: foam, hydrofiber, and calcium alginate. Children attending a pediatric Burns & Plastics Service from October 2010 to March 2013, who required a split-skin graft, were recruited to the trial. Patients were randomly assigned to the two experimental groups, foam or hydrofiber, and to the control group, calcium alginate. Data were gathered on the management of exudate, assessment of pain, time to healing, and infection. Fifty-seven children aged 1 to 16 years (mean = 4.9 years) were recruited to the trial. Fifty-six patients had evaluable data and one participant from the control group was lost to follow-up. Most children required skin grafting for a burn injury (78%). The median size of the donor site was 63.50 cm (8-600 cm). There was a statistically significant difference in time to healing across the three dressing groups (x [2, n = 56] = 6.59, P = .037). The calcium alginate group recorded a lower median value of days to healing (median = 7.5 days) compared to the other two groups, which recorded median values of 8 days (hydrofiber) and 9.5 days (foam). The greatest leakage of exudate, regardless of dressing type, occurred on day 2 after grafting. No statistically significant difference was found in leakage of exudate, pain scores, or infection rates across the three groups. Calcium alginate emerged as the optimum dressing for pediatric donor site healing in this trial.

Le jeu de la création : Le mangeur (2005 de Ying Chen

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Nicole Dunham

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Le théoricien James Hans définit le jeu comme une déconstruction structurante, un processus de perpétuelle remise en question. Dans Le Mangeur (2005 de Ying Chen, la narratrice revit un épisode d’une de ses vies passées où elle meurt mangée, avalée, par son père, descendant dans le « tunnel » du ventre de ce dernier. Cependant, suite à cet événement, elle se retrouve dans un autre espace-temps où elle rencontre son mari, A.. Une équivalence s’établit dans le roman entre les éléments suivants : le ventre du père, les tableaux peints par ce dernier et l’espace-temps de A., et la fenêtre. Ces éléments deviennent des aires de jeu, remettant en question les concepts de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur et du créateur et de l’œuvre. En nous servant du texte « Le Tunnel » écrit par Ying Chen, nous démontrerons que cette notion du jeu s’applique également à l’ensemble de son œuvre.

Le facteur humain et la sûreté de fonctionnement dans le ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Elle permettait d'optimiser le couple « performance-coût », en identifiant, évaluant et maîtrisant les pannes qu'il ... gestion des risques deviennent une ...... Etre en mesure de détecter les .... variés qui s'y déroulent, avoir le contrôle du.

Effect of a new moisturizing lotion on immediate and cumulative skin hydration: Two randomized, intra-individual, vehicle- and comparator-controlled studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Nogueira, Alessandra; Sidou, Farzaneh; Brocard, Sylvie

2011-08-01

Moisturizers increase skin hydration and can serve as adjunctive care in dermatologic conditions such as xerosis, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis and ichthyosis, in which dry skin is implicated. A non-irritating hydrating lotion (CDA lotion) was recently developed. We assessed the effect of CDA lotion on skin hydration in two randomized, evaluator-blind and intra-individual comparison studies. After a single application, CDA lotion induced significantly greater hydration than the non-treated control for at least 24 hours (p skin hydration up to 3 days after treatment cessation (p skin dryness score up to 7 days after treatment cessation (p hydration effects of CDA lotion were also compared to those of several currently available moisturizing products. In summary, application of CDA lotion increases skin hydration and alleviates the condition of skin dryness.

Indian Hedgehog Controls Proliferation and Differentiation in Skin Tumorigenesis and Protects against Malignant Progression

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Parisa Kakanj

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Mutations in the hedgehog pathway drive the formation of tumors in many different organs, including the development of basal cell carcinoma in the skin. However, little is known about the role of epidermal Indian hedgehog (Ihh in skin physiology. Using mouse genetics, we identified overlapping and distinct functions of Ihh in different models of epidermal tumorigenesis. Epidermal deletion of Ihh resulted in increased formation of benign squamous papilloma. Strikingly, Ihh-deficient mice showed an increase in malignant squamous cell carcinoma and developed lung and lymph node metastases. In a sebaceous gland tumor model, Ihh deficiency inhibited tumor cell differentiation. More mechanistically, IHH stimulated cell proliferation by activating the transcription factor GLI2 in human keratinocytes and human tumors. Thus, our results uncover important functions for Ihh signaling in controlling proliferation, differentiation, malignant progression, and metastasis of epithelial cancer, establishing Ihh as a gatekeeper for controlling the grade of tumor malignancy.

Le rôle de l’audit interne dans le pilotage et la performance du système de contrôle interne : cas d’un échantillon d’entreprises algériennes

OpenAIRE

Chekroun, Meriem

2013-01-01

Les scandales financiers qui ont ébranlé récemment les entreprises publiques algériennes, telle que l’entreprise Sonatrach, ont mis sur le devant de la scène la nécessité de renforcer le système de contrôle interne (SCI) qui est considéré de plus en plus comme une solution à un large éventail de problèmes latents ( les problèmes d’ordre éthique,…), y compris la fonction d’audit interne ayant un rôle prépondérant dans le pilotage et la performance du SCI. Pour ce faire, l’audit ...

Main approaches for delivering antioxidant vitamins through the skin to prevent skin ageing.

Science.gov (United States)

Gašperlin, Mirjana; Gosenca, Mirjam

2011-07-01

One of the major contributions to skin photoageing and diseases is oxidative stress, caused by UV radiation inducing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Successful prophylaxis and therapy would necessitate control of the oxidant/antioxidant balance at the affected site, which can be achieved through the external supply of endogenous antioxidants. This review discusses possible strategies for dermal delivery of the antioxidant vitamins E and C, as oral supplementation has proved insufficient. These antioxidants have low skin bioavailability, owing to their poor solubility, inefficient skin permeability, or instability during storage. These drawbacks can be overcome by various approaches, such as chemical modification of the vitamins and the use of new colloidal drug delivery systems. New knowledge is included about the importance of: enhancing the endogenous skin antioxidant defense through external supply; the balance between various skin antioxidants; factors that can improve the skin bioavailability of antioxidants; and new delivery systems, such as microemulsions, used to deliver vitamins C and E into the skin simultaneously. A promising strategy for enhancing skin protection from oxidative stress is to support the endogenous antioxidant system, with antioxidants containing products that are normally present in the skin.

Le rôle des institutions dans le processus de l’innovation ; l’apport de Thorstein Veblen

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Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Nous nous intéressons ici au rôle des institutions dans le processus de l’innovation, puisque Veblen le met en valeur. Cet apport de Veblen nous paraît déterminant pour mieux comprendre l’innovation, surtout que l’on parle de plus en plus d’une diversité de formes d’innovation (technologique, mais aussi organisationnelle, sociale et de produit, et que celles-ci sont mieux comprises lorsque l’on tient compte du rôle des institutions dans la diffusion ou le blocage de l’innovation. Veblen met aussi en évidence le caractère parfois retardataire des institutions, ainsi que la réciprocité des effets entre technologie et institutions, autant d’éléments fort pertinents pour l’analyse, encore aujourd’hui.This paper addresses the role of institutions in the process of innovation, since Veblen highlights this role. This contribution of Veblen appears determinant to better understand the process of innovation, especially in a context where we are more and more interested in various forms of innovation (technological, but also organisational, social and product innovations; these various forms of innovation are better understood and analysed when the role of institutions in their diffusion or lack of diffusion is taken into account. Veblen also highlights the fact that institutions sometimes block or slow down the process of diffusion of innovations, as well as the reciprocity of effects between technology and institutions, contributions which are all the more important for the analysis of innovation today.

Bâle 3 : Quels impacts sur le financement des pays émergents ?

OpenAIRE

Figuet, Jean-Marc; Humblot, Thomas; Lahet, Delphine

2013-01-01

La persistance de crises bancaires démontre l'incapacité des établissements de crédit à s'autoréguler. De ce fait, le Comité de Bâle étend largement le périmètre de la nouvelle règlementation prudentielle. Sur la base de la littérature sur les déterminants des flux de capitaux transfrontières et d'un GMM système, cet article analyse l'impact potentiel de l'accord Bâle 3 sur les flux de capitaux bancaires provenant des banques de 16 pays industrialisés à destination d'un panel de 30 pays émerg...

The effectiveness of using a bath oil to reduce signs of dry skin: A randomized controlled pragmatic study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kottner, Jan; Kanti, Varvara; Dobos, Gabor; Hahnel, Elisabeth; Lichterfeld-Kottner, Andrea; Richter, Claudia; Hillmann, Kathrin; Vogt, Annika; Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike

2017-01-01

Dry skin (xerosis cutis) is increasingly recognized as a relevant health problem in daily life and in health and nursing care. The use of bath additives such as oils is common to reduce dry skin, but empirical evidence supporting this practice is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using a bath oil additive in improving skin barrier function and ameliorating dry skin in comparison to non-oil containing skin cleansers for bathing or showering. Single centre randomized observer blind pragmatic parallel group trial. Outpatient/community care. Volunteers showing clinically mild to moderate dry skin recruited from the city of Berlin. Healthy children and adults were randomly assigned to use either a commercially available bath oil or to continue using their regular non-oil containing skin cleansers every other day over a study period of 28days. Skin barrier parameters and the severity of dry skin were assessed at baseline and at two follow-up visits at the study centre. Transepidermal water loss was the primary outcome. All sixty participants randomized completed the trial. Median age was 32.5 (IQR 8.3 to 69) years. At the end of study the mean transepidermal water loss in the intervention group was statistically significant lower compared to the control group (mean difference -1.9 (95% CI -3.1 to -0.8) g/m 2 /h). Stratum corneum hydration was statistically significantly higher in the intervention group at the end of the study. Skin surface pH and roughness were comparable in both groups and remained unchanged, while both groups showed a trend to improvement in dry skin symptoms CONCLUSIONS: This pragmatic trial provides empirical evidence that the regular use of the investigated bath oil is effective in improving the skin barrier function in children and adults with mild dry skin when used in routine skin care and supports its use as a basic element for the management of a broad spectrum of dry skin conditions. Clinical

Le glaive et la chair : le pouvoir et son incarnation au temps des derniers Valois

OpenAIRE

Roux, Nicolas Le

2014-01-01

Au xvie siècle, pouvait-on concevoir la monarchie autrement qu’incarnée ? Servir le roi, c’était servir un prince auquel on était lié personnellement, et non une institution abstraite. Le monarque devait apparaître comme un compagnon pour la noblesse militaire. Henri II représentait le modèle du roi chevalier. Contrairement à son père, Charles IX ne faisait pas la guerre, mais il épuisait son corps dans d’interminables chasses. Henri III a tenu dans sa jeunesse le rôle de chef de guerre. Deve...

Hemizygous Le-Cre Transgenic Mice Have Severe Eye Abnormalities on Some Genetic Backgrounds in the Absence of LoxP Sites

Science.gov (United States)

Dorà, Natalie J.; Collinson, J. Martin; Hill, Robert E.; West, John D.

2014-01-01

Eye phenotypes were investigated in Le-CreTg/−; Pax6fl/+ mice, which were expected to show tissue-specific reduction of Pax6 in surface ectoderm derivatives. To provide a better comparison with our previous studies of Pax6+/− eye phenotypes, hemizygous Le-CreTg/− and heterozygous Pax6fl/+mice were crossed onto the CBA/Ca genetic background. After the Le-Cre transgene had been backcrossed to CBA/Ca for seven generations, significant eye abnormalities occurred in some hemizygous Le-CreTg/−; Pax6+/+ controls (without a floxed Pax6fl allele) as well as experimental Le-CreTg/−; Pax6fl/+ mice. However, no abnormalities were seen in Le-Cre−/−; Pax6fl/+ or Le-Cre−/−; Pax6+/+ controls (without the Le-Cre transgene). The severity and frequency of the eye abnormalities in Le-CreTg/−; Pax6+/+ control mice diminished after backcrossing Le-CreTg/− mice to the original FVB/N strain for two generations, showing that the effect was reversible. This genetic background effect suggests that the eye abnormalities are a consequence of an interaction between the Le-Cre transgene and alleles of unknown modifier genes present in certain genetic backgrounds. The abnormalities were also ameliorated by introducing additional Pax6 gene copies on a CBA/Ca background, suggesting involvement of Pax6 depletion in Le-CreTg/−; Pax6+/+ mice rather than direct action of Cre recombinase on cryptic pseudo-loxP sites. One possibility is that expression of Cre recombinase from the Pax6-Le regulatory sequences in the Le-Cre transgene depletes cofactors required for endogenous Pax6 gene expression. Our observation that eye abnormalities can occur in hemizygous Le-CreTg/−; Pax6+/+ mice, in the absence of a floxed allele, demonstrates the importance of including all the relevant genetic controls in Cre-loxP experiments. PMID:25272013

Skin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, R.D.

1985-01-01

Malignant disease involving the skin represents a significant work load to the general radiotherapist and can involve interesting diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Primary skin cancer is also relatively common and there is a need to provide an efficient service in which the first treatment is successful in the majority of patients. The reward for careful attention to technique is very considerable both in terms of clinical cancer control and functional results. Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and intra-epidermal carcinoma constitute the majority of the lesions dealt with clinically, but metastatic disease, lymphomas, and malignant melanomas are also referred regularly for opinions and may require radiotherapy. The general principle of the techniques of assessment and radiotherapeutic management to be described are equally applicable to any malignant skin tumour once the decision has been made to accept it for radiotherapy. Dosage and fractionation may have to be adjusted to allow for the nature of the disease process and the intent of the treatment

Le don gratuit. Le cas d'un établissement public

OpenAIRE

Barel , Yvan; Frémeaux , Sandrine

2008-01-01

Disponible en ligne : http://www.annales.org/gc/2008/gc94/barel.pdf; La logique de la réciprocité est le cadre d'analyse dominant de la relation de travail. La logique du don/contredon s'inscrit dans ce même cadre de référence, en postulant qu'aucune relation d'échange ne peut survivre à une situation d'asymétrie trop forte (MAUSS, 1924). Mais elle ajoute une idée nouvelle en mettant en exergue le " tabou du calcul " (BOURDIEU, 1980) : le désir de contredon n'est pas toujours manifesté, ni mê...

Le salaire minimum n'est pas toujours le meilleur moyen d'accroître ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

4 mai 2016 ... De fait, cette intervention vigoureuse sur le marché du travail est une ... la mobilité des travailleurs entre le secteur structuré et le secteur non structuré, ... On peut certes se constituer rapidement du capital politique en faisant ...

Bibliographie sélective sur le corps

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne-Claire Rebreyend

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Ouvrages générauxBruit Zaidman Louise, Houbre Gabrielle, Klapisch-Zuber Christiane, Schmitt Pantel Pauline (dir., Le corps des jeunes filles de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Paris, Perrin, 2001.Vigarello Georges, Le propre et le sale. L'hygiène du corps depuis le Moyen Âge, Paris, Seuil, 1985.—, Le sain et le malsain : santé et mieux-être depuis le Moyen Âge, Paris, Seuil, 1993.—, Histoire de la beauté. Le corps et l'art d'embellir de la Renaissance à nos jours, Paris, Seuil, 2004.Le corps au Moy...

Neo-Geometric Copper Nanocrystals by Competitive, Dual Surfactant-Mediated Facet Adsorption Controlling Skin Permeation

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Karmani Murugan

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Neogeometric copper nanoparticles (CuNPs have various applications yet its synthesis still proves to be challenging with regards to self-assembly and uniformity control. This study aimed to synthesize shape-specific CuNPs in the biomedical application of ascertaining skin permeation and retention of the CuNPs as a drug delivery system. The approach to the shape design involved the dual control of two surfactants to direct the shape organisation of the nanoparticles (NPs while an interesting aspect of the study showed the competitive adsorption of the surfactants onto the nanocrystal facets to direct facet growth. The resulting copper nanoparticles were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD and electron diffraction spectra analysis (EDS for elemental and crystalline analysis. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA identified the degradation of the surfactant coat and the synthesis of a novel copper-polymer complex and extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM was conducted to determine the nanoparticle morphology. Epidermal skin tissue served as the model for permeation studies of five idealistic nano-geometries and investigated its application in drug delivery with regards to cellular internalisation and transbarrier transport of the geometric CuNPs. A mechanistic consideration for shape control is discussed.

Nosocomial outbreak of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in neonates: epidemiological investigation and control.

Science.gov (United States)

El Helali, N; Carbonne, A; Naas, T; Kerneis, S; Fresco, O; Giovangrandi, Y; Fortineau, N; Nordmann, P; Astagneau, P

2005-10-01

Over a three-month period, 13 neonates developed staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) in a maternity unit, between four and 18 days after their birth. An epidemiological and descriptive study followed by a case-control study was performed. A case was defined as a neonate with blistering or peeling skin, and exfoliative toxin A Staphylococcus aureus positive cultures. Controls were selected at random from the asymptomatic, non-colonized neonates born on the same day as the cases. All staff members and all neonates born during the outbreak period were screened for carriage by nasal swabs and umbilical swabs, respectively. S. aureus isolates were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screened for etA gene and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Two clusters of eight and five cases were identified. Receiving more than one early umbilical care procedure by the same ancillary nurse was the only risk factor identified in the case-control study (odds ratio=15, 95% confidence intervals 2-328). The ancillary nurse suffered from chronic dermatitis on her hands that favoured S. aureus carriage. Exfoliative-toxin-A-producing strains, as evidenced by PCR and indistinguishable by PFGE, were isolated from all but one of the SSSS cases, from four asymptomatic neonates, from two staff members and from the ancillary nurse's hands. Removal of the ancillary nurse from duty, infection control measures (isolation precautions, chlorhexidine handwashing and barrier protections), and treatment of the carriers (nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine showers) led to control of the epidemic. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for tight surveillance of chronic dermatitis in healthcare workers.

Diabetic and sympathetic influences on the water permeability barrier function of human skin as measured using transepidermal water loss: A case-control study.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Seung Hoon; Park, Ji Woong

2017-11-01

The presence of long-standing hyperglycemic conditions has been suggested to lead to many skin problems associated with an impaired skin barrier function. However, the relationship between impaired skin barrier status and altered peripheral nervous system function has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the water evaporation rate as a measure of the permeability barrier function of diabetic skin and its relationship to diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) and peripheral autonomic neuropathy (PAN) using well-controlled confounding variables.This case-control study included 42 participants with chronic diabetes and 43 matched healthy controls. The diabetic group underwent a nerve conduction study and sympathetic skin response (SSR) test to confirm the presence of DSPN and PAN, respectively. Different skin regions were analyzed using the noninvasive Tewameter instrument (Courage + Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Cologne, Germany). The impacts of PAN, DSPN, age, and diabetes duration on the values of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were each analyzed and compared between the groups.Regardless of the presence of DSPN or PAN, the TEWL values as measured on the distal extremities were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the control group. In the diabetic group, participants with abnormal SSR test results showed decreased TEWL values in the finger, sole, and first toe, as compared with participants with normal SSR test results. In the control group, age showed a negative correlation with the TEWL values with respect to some measured regions. However, in the diabetic group, there was no significant correlation between either patient age or diabetes duration and TEWL values.The presence of a long-term hyperglycemic state can reduce the permeability barrier function of the skin, a phenomenon that might be related to the presence of an impaired peripheral sympathetic nervous system, rather than peripheral sensorimotor

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 juin

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

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30 juin 2016 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... développement international (le Centre) et lʼévolution de la ..... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en vue .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin en.

Non-invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound for UV-induced hyperpigmentation in Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV: a prospective, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Vachiramon, Vasanop; Jurairattanaporn, Natthachat; Harnchoowong, Sarawin; Chayavichitsilp, Pamela

2018-02-01

Skin hyperpigmentation is a frequently encountered problem, particularly in darker skin types. Unfortunately, standard treatments for this condition have shown disappointing results. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is commonly indicated for skin laxity, but recently was used to treat UV-induced hyperpigmentation in animal models. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound for UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in human subjects. A randomized, evaluator-blinded pilot study was conducted on 20 subjects. Each subject was induced three hyperpigmentary spots by local broadband UVB. After 2 weeks, each spot was randomly allocated to control, low-energy, and high-energy HIFU. Subjects were instructed to follow up weekly for a duration of 1 month. Lightness index measurements, mean improvement scores, subjects' satisfaction, pain scores, and side effects were evaluated. All 20 subjects completed the study. Fourteen subjects had Fitzpatrick (FPT) skin type III and six subjects had FPT skin type IV. Twelve subjects showed greater improvement at control sites while eight subjects showed greater improvement at HIFU-treated sites. In FPT skin type III, HIFU appeared to be inferior to control in both lightness index and mean improvement scores, but in FPT skin type IV, HIFU had greater lightness index improvement and higher improvement scores than control. Side effects were more frequent in high-energy-treated areas. Focused ultrasound may be offered in some patients with hyperpigmentary conditions. More research is needed to determine proper energy settings for optimal outcome.

Hydrosorb® versus control (water based spray) in the management of radio-induced skin toxicity: Results of multicentre controlled randomized trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Bazire, Louis; Fromantin, Isabelle; Diallo, Alhassane; de la Lande, Brigitte; Pernin, Victor; Dendale, Remi; Fourquet, Alain; Savignoni, Alexia; Kirova, Youlia M

2015-11-01

To report the efficacy of Hydrosorb® versus control (water based spray) as topical treatment of grade 1-2 radiodermatitis in patients (pts) treated for early stage breast cancer (BC) with normo fractionated radiotherapy (RT). BC pts were randomized to receive either Hydrosorb® (A) or water based spray (B). The primary endpoint was local treatment failure defined as interruption of RT because of skin radiotoxicity or change of local care because of skin alteration. Secondary endpoints were: evaluation of skin colorimetry, pain, quality of life. Two-hundred seventy-eight pts were enrolled. There were 186 successfully treated pts. There were 60 "failures" in the Hydrosorb® arm, and 62 in the control arm (p=0.72), but mostly without interruption of the RT. Twenty-four pts stopped RT for local care. The average absolute reduction of colorimetric levels between day 28 and day 0 was 4 in the Hydrosorb®, and 4.2 in the water spray groups, respectively (p=0.36). Forty-eight patients in the Hydrosorb® arm had a VAS >2 versus 51 pts in the placebo arm, i.e. 34% and 38%, respectively (p=0.45). A significant reduction of pain was observed on D7 and D21 in the Hydrosorb® arm. The present study showed no significant difference between Hydrosorb® and simple water spray in the treatment of acute radio-induced dermatitis even if there was a trend to an improvement in pain at the first weeks after the treatment. Systematic prevention measures and modern breast cancer radiotherapy techniques now allow excellent tolerability, but the place of topical treatment to optimize this tolerability has yet to be defined. It seems that the most important part of the skin care is the prevention of skin reactions using new adapted techniques, as well as strict hygiene. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Skin lipid structure controls water permeability in snake molts.

Science.gov (United States)

Torri, Cristian; Mangoni, Alfonso; Teta, Roberta; Fattorusso, Ernesto; Alibardi, Lorenzo; Fermani, Simona; Bonacini, Irene; Gazzano, Massimo; Burghammer, Manfred; Fabbri, Daniele; Falini, Giuseppe

2014-01-01

The role of lipids in controlling water exchange is fundamentally a matter of molecular organization. In the present study we have observed that in snake molt the water permeability drastically varies among species living in different climates and habitats. The analysis of molts from four snake species: tiger snake, Notechis scutatus, gabon viper, Bitis gabonica, rattle snake, Crotalus atrox, and grass snake, Natrix natrix, revealed correlations between the molecular composition and the structural organization of the lipid-rich mesos layer with control in water exchange as a function of temperature. It was discovered, merging data from micro-diffraction and micro-spectroscopy with those from thermal, NMR and chromatographic analyses, that this control is generated from a sophisticated structural organization that changes size and phase distribution of crystalline domains of specific lipid molecules as a function of temperature. Thus, the results of this research on four snake species suggest that in snake skins different structured lipid layers have evolved and adapted to different climates. Moreover, these lipid structures can protect, "safety", the snakes from water lost even at temperatures higher than those of their usual habitat. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of efficacy of skin cleansing with chlorhexidine in prevention of neonatal nosocomial sepsis - a randomized controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Basudev; Vaswani, Narain Das; Sharma, Deepak; Chaudhary, Uma; Lekhwani, Seema

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of skin cleansing with chlorhexidine (CHD) in the prevention of neonatal nosocomial sepsis - a randomized controlled trial. This study design was a randomized controlled trial carried out in a tertiary care center of north India. About 140 eligible neonates were randomly allocated to either the subject area group (wiped with CHD solution till day seven of life) or the control group (wiped with lukewarm water). The primary outcome studied was to determine the decrease in the incidence of neonatal nosocomial sepsis (blood culture proven) in the intervention group. Out of 140 enrolled neonates, 70 were allocated to each group. The ratio of positive blood culture among the CHD group was 3.57%, while the ratio of positive blood culture among the control group was 6.85%. There was trending towards a reduction in blood culture proven sepsis in the intervention group, although the remainder was not statistically significant. A similar decreasing trend was observed in rates of skin colonization, duration of hospital stay, and duration of antibiotic treatment. CHD skin cleansing decreases the incidence of blood culture sepsis and could be an easy and cheap intervention for reducing the neonatal sepsis in countries where the neonatal mortality rate is high because of sepsis.

Tumelo le Moruo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vuyani S. Vellem

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Paleng ya rona batho ba batsho, tumelo ya boKreste e fihlile lefatsheng la rona la Afrika Borwa mmoho le dikgoka tsa ditjhaba tsa boPhirima. BoKreste bo fihlile ka nako ya dintwa tseo mohopolo wa tsona e neng e le ho hapa lefatshe la, batho ba batsho. Ka mantswe amang, rona batho ba batsho, re ile ra qetella re le setjhaba se ileng sa hlolwa, mme lefatshe la rona la nkuwa ka dikgoka. Ka hare ho dikgoka tsena, ho ne ho dutse tumelo ya boKreste. Makgowa a ile are: �A re kwaleng mahlo re rapeleng, rona ra kwala mahlo, mme ha re qeta hore Amen, re bula mahlo, ra fumana lefatshe le nkuwe matsohong a rona ho setse Bibele.� Re ile ra sala le Bibele eo ka yona re lekileng dilemong tse fitileng ho lwana ntwa ya topollo, kapa tokoloho hofihlela selemong sa 1994. Le ha re ile ra fumana tokoloho ka selemo seo, hare so ka re lokoloha ho tsa moruo. E kaba sena se bolela eng mabapi le tumelo ya rona ya boKreste? Segolweng sena re leka ho araba potso ena. Tumelo ke eng ho batho ba sa lokolohang moruong wa naha ya bona? Re lekola pale ya boKreste, tumelo ya batho le maemo a kereke ntlheng ya ho tadimana le tokoloho ka tumelo.Faith and economics. In our history from a black perspective, Christianity arrived through violent conquest from the west. Evidentially, this faith coincided with wars of dispossession and the ultimate defeat of black Africans. It is difficult to separate the violent defeat of black Africans from the arrival of Christian faith. This well-known statement within the circles of black Theology of liberation: When the white man arrived in our land he said, �let us pray and after prayer, when we opened our eyes, our land was taken and only the Bible was left in our hands,� captures the black sentiment of this history. Ironically, it was this Bible that black Africans used to wage their struggle for liberation up to the demise of apartheid in 1994.Nonetheless, political liberation is not enough as the struggle for economic liberation

Quantitative analysis of nickel in zirconium and zircaloy; Dosage du nickel dans le zirconium et dans le zircaloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rastoix, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

A rapid spectrophotometric has been developed for determination of 10 to 1000 ppm of Ni in zirconium and zircaloy using dimethylglyoxime. Iron, copper, tin and chromium, do not interfere at the concentration usually present in zirconium and its alloys. (author) [French] On determine colorimetriquenent 10 a 1000 ppm de Ni dans le zirconium et le zircaloy par photo colorimetrie a 440 m{mu} de la dimethylglyoxime nickelique. Le dosage est rapide. Le fer, le cuivre, l'etain, le chrome ne genent pas aux concentrations habituellement rencontrees dans le zirconium et ses alliages. (auteur)

Cellularized Bilayer Pullulan-Gelatin Hydrogel for Skin Regeneration.

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholas, Mathew N; Jeschke, Marc G; Amini-Nik, Saeid

2016-05-01

Skin substitutes significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients with burn injuries and chronic wounds. However, current skin substitutes have disadvantages related to high costs and inadequate skin regeneration due to highly inflammatory wounds. Thus, new skin substitutes are needed. By combining two polymers, pullulan, an inexpensive polysaccharide with antioxidant properties, and gelatin, a derivative of collagen with high water absorbency, we created a novel inexpensive hydrogel-named PG-1 for "pullulan-gelatin first generation hydrogel"-suitable for skin substitutes. After incorporating human fibroblasts and keratinocytes onto PG-1 using centrifugation over 5 days, we created a cellularized bilayer skin substitute. Cellularized PG-1 was compared to acellular PG-1 and no hydrogel (control) in vivo in a mouse excisional skin biopsy model using newly developed dome inserts to house the skin substitutes and prevent mouse skin contraction during wound healing. PG-1 had an average pore size of 61.69 μm with an ideal elastic modulus, swelling behavior, and biodegradability for use as a hydrogel for skin substitutes. Excellent skin cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and morphology were visualized through live/dead assays, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine proliferation assays, and confocal microscopy. Trichrome and immunohistochemical staining of excisional wounds treated with the cellularized skin substitute revealed thicker newly formed skin with a higher proportion of actively proliferating cells and incorporation of human cells compared to acellular PG-1 or control. Excisional wounds treated with acellular or cellularized hydrogels showed significantly less macrophage infiltration and increased angiogenesis 14 days post skin biopsy compared to control. These results show that PG-1 has ideal mechanical characteristics and allows ideal cellular characteristics. In vivo evidence suggests that cellularized PG-1 promotes skin regeneration and may

Mechanisms regulating skin immunity and inflammation.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasparakis, Manolis; Haase, Ingo; Nestle, Frank O

2014-05-01

Immune responses in the skin are important for host defence against pathogenic microorganisms. However, dysregulated immune reactions can cause chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Extensive crosstalk between the different cellular and microbial components of the skin regulates local immune responses to ensure efficient host defence, to maintain and restore homeostasis, and to prevent chronic disease. In this Review, we discuss recent findings that highlight the complex regulatory networks that control skin immunity, and we provide new paradigms for the mechanisms that regulate skin immune responses in host defence and in chronic inflammation.

Le Bon, Gustave

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Borch, Christian

2017-01-01

Gustave Le Bon (1841–1931) was a French physician and crowd psychologist who published extensively on themes such as crowds, war, race, revolution, socialism, and war. His work on crowd psychology in particular was highly influential, including beyond scholarly circles. Le Bon argued that crowds...

Effective photoprotection of human skin against infrared A radiation by topically applied antioxidants: results from a vehicle controlled, double-blind, randomized study.

Science.gov (United States)

Grether-Beck, Susanne; Marini, Alessandra; Jaenicke, Thomas; Krutmann, Jean

2015-01-01

Infrared A radiation (IRA) from solar sunlight contributes to photoaging of human skin, e.g. by upregulating MMP-1 expression in dermal fibroblasts, indicating the need for photoprotection of human skin against IRA. Up to now, however, there has been no controlled study to show that effective protection of human skin against IRA radiation is possible. Here, we have conducted a randomized, controlled, double-blinded prospective study in 30 healthy volunteers to assess the capacity of an SPF 30 sunscreen versus the same sunscreen supplemented with an antioxidant cocktail containing grape seed extract, vitamin E, ubiquinone and vitamin C to protect human skin against IRA radiation-induced MMP-1 upregulation. As expected, exposure to IRA radiation significantly upregulated MMP-1 expression, as compared to unirradiated skin, and this response was significantly reduced, if the SPF30 sunscreen plus the antioxidant cocktail had been applied prior to IRA radiation. In contrast, treatment of human skin with the SPF30 sunscreen alone did not provide significant protection. These results indicate that topically applied antioxidants effectively protect human skin against IRA radiation and that regular sunscreens need to be supplemented with specific antioxidants in order to achieve IRA photoprotection. © 2014 The American Society of Photobiology.

Le Conseil des gouverneurs | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2 nov. 2010 ... La gouvernance du CRDI. Reddition de comptes, transparence et efficacité. Au cours de l'exercice 2009–2010, le Conseil des gouverneurs du CRDI a adopté un nouveau cadre stratégique quinquennal, Le développement par l'innovation. Pendant de nombreux mois, les gouverneurs et les membres de la ...

Le Service Accueil et Contrôle d'Accès

CERN Document Server

Ducastel, C

1999-01-01

L'utilisateur qui vient au CERN pour la première fois, est accueilli généralement par les membres du service 'Accueil et Contrôle d'Accès'. Cet utilisateur sera tout d'abord orienté vers un des postes d'hôtesses d'accueil en charge de l'enregistrement et de la délivrance de cartes CERN. Les informations seront saisies et immédiatement disponibles et transmises, via le système AMS, aux équipements de contrôle d'accès et à la Centrale de Surveillance des accès, chargée de la supervision de tout le dispositif de contrôle d'accès au domaine. Ces contrôles aux entrées et accueil des visiteurs individuels sont complétés par des missions de surveillance à l'intérieur du Domaine pour les agents, et par des travaux de gestions de dossiers administratifs (service enregistrement) pour les hôtesses. Un contrat commun assure une uniformité de formation des agents et hôtesses. Ce contrat est assorti d'une clause de Bonus Malus afin de tendre vers une optimisation des performances.

Automated Model Generation for Hybrid Vehicles Optimization and Control Création automatique de modèles de composants pour l’optimisation et le contrôle de véhicules hybrides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verdonck N.

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Systematic optimization of modern powertrains, and hybrids in particular, requires the representation of the system by means of Backward Quasistatic Models (BQM. In contrast, the models used in realistic powertrain simulators are often of the Forward Dynamic Model (FDM type. The paper presents a methodology to derive BQM’s of modern powertrain components, as parametric, steady-state limits of their FDM counterparts. The parametric nature of this procedure implies that changing the system modeled does not imply relaunching a simulation campaign, but only adjusting the corresponding parameters in the BQM. The approach is illustrated with examples concerning turbocharged engines, electric motors, and electrochemical batteries, and the influence of a change in parameters on the supervisory control of an hybrid vehicle is then studied offline, in co-simulation and on an HiL test bench adapted to hybrid vehicles (HyHiL. L’optimisation de l’utilisation des groupes moto-propulseurs (GMP modernes nécessite de modéliser le système de manière quasi-statique avec une logique inverse (“Backward Quasistatic Model” – BQM, en particulier dans le cas des GMP hybrides. Cependant, les modèles utilisés pour la simulation réaliste de ces GMP sont souvent dynamiques à logique directe (“Forward Dynamic Model” – FDM. Cet article présente une méthodologie pour obtenir les BQM des composants de GMP actuels directement issus de la limite quasi-statique des FDM correspondants de manière analytique. Grâce à l’aspect paramétrique de cette procédure, il n’est pas nécessaire de relancer une campagne de simulations après chaque changement du système modélisé: il suffit de modifier les paramètres correspondants dans le BQM. Cette approche est illustrée par trois cas d’étude (moteur turbo, moteur électrique et batterie, et l’effet d’un changement de paramètre sur le contrôle de supervision d’un véhicule hybride est �

Clinical efficacy of artificial skin combined with vacuum sealing drainage in treating large-area skin defects

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

TANG Jin; GUO Wei-chun; YU Ling; ZHAO Sheng-hao

2010-01-01

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of artificial skin combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in treating large-area skin defects.Methods: Totally 18 patients with skin defects, treated with artificial skin combined with VSD from September 2008to May 2009 in our hospital, were retrospectively analyzed in this study. There were 15 males and 3 females, aged 7-66years, 34.3 years on average. Among them, 10 cases had skin laceration caused by traffic accidents (7 with open fractures), 1 mangled injury, 1 blast injury, 1 stump infection combined with skin defects after amputation and 5 heel ulcers.Results: All skin grafts in 16 cases survived after being controlled by VSD for one time. For the rest 2 patients,one with skin avulsion on the left foot was given median thickness skin grafts after three times of VSD, the other with open fractures in the left tibia and fibula caused by a traffic accident was given free flap transplantation. Skin grafts of both patients survived, with normal color and rich blood supply.Conclusion: Skin grafting in conjunction with artificial skin and VSD is much more effective than traditional dressing treatment and worth wide application in clinic.

Le paradigme du Mur dans le monde contemporain : évolution et perspectives 1989-2009

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélène Yèche

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Il y a près de vingt ans, dans la nuit du 9 au 10 novembre 1989, disparaissait le mur de Berlin, symbole de la séparation de l’Europe en deux blocs antagonistes – d’un côté le camp soviétique, de l’autre le camp occidental. Le véritable tournant de ce que l’on a ensuite appelé la « révolution pacifique » eut cependant lieu un mois auparavant, le 9 octobre 1989, avec la première manifestation de masse qui réunit environ 70 000 personnes à Leipzig, RDA (ville plus tard honorée du titre de Helde...

Le Shuttle, the locomotive from Eurotunnel

OpenAIRE

Gabriel MOISA

2002-01-01

This paper present some performances of locomotive ‘Le Shuttle’, so-called locomotive from ‘Eurotunnel’, techniques characteristics of traction motors 6 FHA 7079 and converters witch use it, the principal electric scheme and its function principle and no at last rind the principle scheme of command-control equipment MICAS-S2 with detailed description of its operation mode.

Controlling the hydration of the skin though the application of occluding barrier creams.

Science.gov (United States)

Sparr, Emma; Millecamps, Danielle; Isoir, Muriel; Burnier, Véronique; Larsson, Åsa; Cabane, Bernard

2013-03-06

The skin is a barrier membrane that separates environments with profoundly different water contents. The barrier properties are assured by the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), which controls the transepidermal water loss. The SC acts as a responding membrane, since its hydration and permeability vary with the boundary condition, which is the activity of water at the outer surface of the skin. We show how this boundary condition can be changed by the application of a barrier cream that makes a film with a high resistance to the transport of water. We present a quantitative model that predicts hydration and water transport in SC that is covered by such a film. We also develop an experimental method for measuring the specific resistance to water transport of films made of occluding barrier creams. Finally, we combine the theoretical model with the measured properties of the barrier creams to predict how a film of cream changes the activity of water at the outer surface of the SC. Using the known variations of SC permeability and hydration with the water activity in its environment (i.e. the relative humidity), we can thus predict how a film of barrier cream changes SC hydration.

Le corps dans l’espace architectural. Le Corbusier, Claude Parent et Henri Gaudin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julie Cattant

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Le premier geste de l’espace architectural est d’accueillir nos corps humains. En leur offrant un espacement à habiter, il leur permet de s’abriter, de se mouvoir et de se rencontrer. L’homme et l’architecture s’affectent l’un l’autre. Nombreux sont les architectes qui interrogent cette coexistence car, renouveler la pensée de l’espace nécessite de reconsidérer le corps humain. L’étude des relations entre le corps et l’espace chez trois architectes français sera l’occasion d’évoquer les écarts et les convergences entre l’homme et l’architecture. L’œuvre de Le Corbusier, protagoniste du mouvement moderne, maintient ainsi une distance entre un corps machinisé et un espace idéal. Marquée par un mode de pensée dualiste, l’architecture de Le Corbusier annonce toutefois son propre dépassement, dépassement que Claude Parent et Henri Gaudin opèreront par la suite à leur manière, le premier en introduisant l’oblique et la déstabilisation du corps, le second en transgressant la limite de l’espace et du corps pour envisager leur porosité réciproque. Finalement, c’est la manière dont l’homme appréhende l’espace avec son corps qui est questionnée par ces trois architectes, de la prégnance du visuel à son évincement.

Beware of ligand efficiency (LE): understanding LE data in modeling structure-activity and structure-economy relationships.

Science.gov (United States)

Polanski, Jaroslaw; Tkocz, Aleksandra; Kucia, Urszula

2017-09-11

On the one hand, ligand efficiency (LE) and the binding efficiency index (BEI), which are binding properties (B) averaged versus the heavy atom count (HAC: LE) or molecular weight (MW: BEI), have recently been declared a novel universal tool for drug design. On the other hand, questions have been raised about the mathematical validity of the LE approach. In fact, neither the critics nor the advocates are precise enough to provide a generally understandable and accepted chemistry of the LE metrics. In particular, this refers to the puzzle of the LE trends for small and large molecules. In this paper, we explain the chemistry and mathematics of the LE type of data. Because LE is a weight metrics related to binding per gram, its hyperbolic decrease with an increasing number of heavy atoms can be easily understood by its 1/MW dependency. Accordingly, we analyzed how this influences the LE trends for ligand-target binding, economic big data or molecular descriptor data. In particular, we compared the trends for the thermodynamic ∆G data of a series of ligands that interact with 14 different target classes, which were extracted from the BindingDB database with the market prices of a commercial compound library of ca. 2.5 mln synthetic building blocks. An interpretation of LE and BEI that clearly explains the observed trends for these parameters are presented here for the first time. Accordingly, we show that the main misunderstanding of the chemical meaning of the BEI and LE parameters is their interpretation as molecular descriptors that are connected with a single molecule, while binding is a statistical effect in which a population of ligands limits the formation of ligand-receptor complexes. Therefore, LE (BEI) should not be interpreted as a molecular (physicochemical) descriptor that is connected with a single molecule but as a property (binding per gram). Accordingly, the puzzle of the surprising behavior of LE is explained by the 1/MW dependency. This effect

The choice of sensitive skin layer responsible for aftereffects of daily irradiation of the skin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keirim-Markus, I.B.

1992-01-01

The choice of sensitive human skin layer manifesting in delayed period after daily irradiation of the human skin (stochastic and determined effects) was evaluated. It was established that delayed aftereffects of daily radiation of the skin manifested as epidem damages. This layer of papilla derma of 10-15 mg/cm 2 thick situated at the great part of body surface, 15 mg/cm 2 on dorsal side of hands and 40 mg/cm 2 on palms and pillows of the fingers. Sensitive layer of skin dosimeter for a control of daily irradiation of people must have the same geometry

Le paludisme, le tsunami silencieux d'Afrique | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

12 janv. 2011 ... Dans un élan de compassion fort justifié, le monde s'est porté au secours des victimes du tsunami qui a touché récemment la région de l'océan Indien. Mais il ignore qu'un « tsunami silencieux », le paludisme, s'abat sans cesse sur l'Afrique et y fait chaque année plus de 1,5 million de victimes, surtout de ...

Le Peer to Peer: Vers un Nouveau Modèle de Civilisation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Bauwens

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Le « peer to peer » est la dynamique intersubjective caractéristique des réseaux distribués. Le but de cet essai est de montrer qu’il s’agit d’une véritable nouvelle forme d’organisation sociale, apte à produire et échanger des biens, à créer de la valeur. Celle-ci est la conséquence d’un nouvel imaginaire social, et possède le potentiel de devenir le pilier d’un nouveau mode d’économie politique, voire d’un nouveau type de civilisation. Pour cela, nous allons d’abord définir le P2P, décrire en bref ces manifestations, et le différencier d’autres modalités d’échange intersubjectif tel que le marché, la hiérarchie, l’économie du don. Comme principale modalité P2P nous distinguons: Les processus de production P2P, comme troisième mode de production, qui n’est ni géré par un mode hiérarchique ou par l’état, ni répondant à des impératifs de profit ou qui sont modulés par le biais des prix. Les processus de gouvernance P2P, qui gouverne ces processus de production. Les formes de propriété P2P, qui sont destine a empecher l’appropriation prive de cette production pour le commun. Afin d’examiner les characteristiques de cette nouvelle dynamique sociale, nous utilisons la typologie intersubjective de l’anthropologue Alan Page Fisque, qui distingue: 1. l’échange égalitaire (Equality Matching, c..a.d l’economie du don. 2. La relation d’autorité (Authority Ranking tel qu’elle s’exprime dans le mode hierarchique. 3. le marché (Market Pricing. 4. la participation commune (Communal Shareholding. En conclusion, nous examinons les possibilites d’expansion de ce nouveau mode sociale et son insertion dans l’economie capitaliste, en nous nous posons la question: le P2P peut-il etre concu comme alternative sociale et economique aux modeles existants. Abstract: “Peer to peer” is hypothesized as a new social formation with intersubjective dynamics characteristic of distributed

Controlled delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride through skin using modulated iontophoresis and microneedles.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Neha D; Banga, Ajay K

2013-05-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of modulated current application using iontophoresis- and microneedle-mediated delivery on transdermal permeation of ropinirole hydrochloride. AdminPatch® microneedles and microchannels formed by them were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dye staining and confocal microscopy. In vitro permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cells, and skin extraction was used to quantify drug in underlying skin. Effect of microneedle pore density and ions in donor formulation was studied. Active enhancement techniques, continuous iontophoresis (74.13 ± 2.20 µg/cm(2)) and microneedles (66.97 ± 10.39 µg/cm(2)), significantly increased the permeation of drug with respect to passive delivery (8.25 ± 2.41 µg/cm(2)). Modulated iontophoresis could control the amount of drug delivered at a given time point with the highest flux being 5.12 ± 1.70 µg/cm(2)/h (5-7 h) and 5.99 ± 0.81 µg/cm(2)/h (20-22 h). Combination of modulated iontophoresis and microneedles (46.50 ± 6.46 µg/cm(2)) showed significantly higher delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride compared to modulated iontophoresis alone (84.91 ± 9.21 µg/cm(2)). Modulated iontophoresis can help in maintaining precise control over ropinirole hydrochloride delivery for dose titration in Parkinson's disease therapy and deliver therapeutic amounts over a suitable patch area and time.

La piraterie sur le web

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

Les échanges de toutes sortes sont facilités à l'extrême par le web: des forums, des vidéoconférences, le commerce à distance, ou tout simplement la célérité des courriers électroniques ou la convivialité des chats, tout cela participe de la société de communication. Une certaine partie du monde découvre le nouvel horizon des échanges quasi instantanés, mais... les transactions sur le web sont-elles vraiment s res?

Resveratrol anti-ultraviolet-induced guinea pig skin injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Wenxing; Zhao Ying

2014-01-01

Objective: To Estimate on the protection effect of Stilbene on skin damage induced by ultraviolet radiation. Methods: After the normal skin in guinea pig under the intervene of Resveratrol was irradiated with over- dose of ultraviolet rays (UVB and UVA), the samples in every group were matched and compared. Results: The skin tissue in the Resveratrol intervene group irradiated by ultraviolet rays didn't change obviously as compared with that in the self-control group. But, the damage skin tissue in the control group irradiated by ultraviolet did change significantly as compared with that in the Stilbene intervene group. Conclusion: Resveratrol is a good material to protect the skin from damage effect by ultraviolet radiation. (authors)

Dans le tourbillon des particules

CERN Document Server

Zito, Marco

2015-01-01

Accélérateurs géants, détecteurs complexes, particules énigmatiques... La physique subatomique peut sembler bien intimidante pour le novice. Et pourtant, qui n a jamais entendu parler du boson de Higgs et du CERN, le laboratoire européen où il a été découvert en 2012 ? Nul besoin d être un spécialiste pour comprendre de quoi il s agit. Aujourd hui, une théorie extraordinairement élégante, le Modèle Standard, décrit tous les résultats des expériences dans le domaine. Trente-sept particules élémentaires et quatre forces fondamentales : c est tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour expliquer la matière et l Univers ! Ce livre, destiné à un large public, raconte sans équations le long parcours qui a abouti au Modèle Standard. Ce parcours, parfois sinueux, a été entamé lorsque les Grecs anciens, et peut-être d autres avant eux, ont imaginé que la matière est composée de petites « billes ». Il faudra attendre plusieurs siècles pour qu on réalise que la matière, à l échelle micros...

Le SRAS, le sida, et la santé publique | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... Certaines de ces leçons portent sur les interactions complexes entre la biologie, la culture et le pouvoir. D'autres traitent des moyens de .... HIV prevention policy in China. IDRC-funded research is using mathematical modelling to influence local and national policies in China to reduce HIV transmission.

La science, la littérature, le rituel: le vrai dire et le plus que mentir

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Panagiotis Christias

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Le scientifique promet la vérité sans être en mesure d'accomplir sa promesse tandis que l'écrivain promet de mentir mais par son mensonge, il fait plus que mentir. Il ne dit certainement pas la vérité, car la vérité n'est pas sa préoccupation première. Voilà comment nous pouvons résumer les deux attitudes, condamnées à un antagonisme stérile par l'attitude positiviste moderne. Compte tenu donc de l'intention fondatrice de la science, de sa promesse donc originaire et fondatrice, la science doit dire la vérité et rien que la vérité. Ce qui, de l'aveu même de cette même science, est impossible. [...] La littérature se permet de reconstruire des mondes par-delà le vrai et le faux. [...] Un récit littéraire ne demande pas la consécration de la vérité, ne demande pas à être suivi parce que vrai, n'impose rien et n'attend rien. Sa vraie destinée est l'errance et sa vraie conscience est celle de sa dissémination. Celui qui renonce à la prétention de vérité renonce en même temps à la volonté de dominer. Dominer signifie créer un espace de vérité dans lequel celui qui énonce la vérité est le maître légitime de ceux qui sont dans le champ de la conception du monde dont cette vérité est la pierre angulaire.

48. Le pavillon Liliane de Stewart

OpenAIRE

Cameron, Christina; Déom, Claudine; Valois, Nicole

2018-01-01

Le pavillon Liliane de Stewart Le pavillon Liliane de Stewart est situé à l’arrière du pavillon Marguerite-d’Youville, qui lui est mitoyen. Il en constitue en quelque sorte un agrandissement, mais il s’en différencie par son plus petit volume (trois étages). Les deux pavillons partagent quelques caractéristiques architecturales, dont le plan angulaire et le revêtement de brique chamois. Le pavillon Liliane de Stewart se distingue cependant par sa fenestration, surtout celle de la façade avant...

Le cosmos et le lotus confessions d'un astrophysicien

CERN Document Server

Trinh, Xuan Thuan

2011-01-01

Que nous dit vraiment la science sur la nature de l'univers, sur son origine et son avenir ? Par quel mystère le langage mathématique, pure création de l'esprit humain, se révèle-t-il aussi performant pour nous décrire les phénomènes physiques, de l'infiniment petit à l'infiniment grand ? S'il existe un ordre du monde, ce que nous en disent la physique quantique et la théorie de la relativité est-il compatible avec ce qu'enseigne le bouddhisme ? Et que peut-on en conclure concernant notre propre vie ? A ces questions passionnantes et à beaucoup d'autres, le célèbre astrophysicien Trinh Xuan Thuan répond ici d'une façon personnelle, en s'appuyant sur son expérience. Son itinéraire l'a placé d'emblée à la confluence de trois cultures : issu d'une famille de lettrés vietnamiens imprégnée de traditions bouddhiste et confucéenne, il a reçu une éducation à la française puis une formation scientifique à l'américaine. Une telle richesse de points de vue lui permet d'apporter, non pas de...

Accessibilité aux emplois en France : le rôle de la distance à la ville

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed Hilal

2004-12-01

Full Text Available L'objet de cet article est de modéliser les niveaux d’accessibilité potentielle aux emplois des communes françaises selon le rôle de la distance à la ville. Pour ce faire, nous présentons, tout d’abord, un modèle d’accessibilité et la méthode mise en œuvre pour calculer de façon systématique, à partir des données du réseau routier, une matrice des plus courts chemins, mesurés en temps, entre les communes françaises. Ensuite, dans la deuxième partie, ces distances sont intégrées dans le modèle d’accessibilité retenu afin de mesurer la disponibilité potentielle aux emplois selon la distance au pôle urbain le plus proche et selon les principales catégories d’espace du zonage en aires urbaines et de son complément rural. Enfin, la mesure d’accessibilité potentielle est comparée à plusieurs mesures d’accessibilité empirique.

Skin problems in ostomy patients: a case-control study of risk factors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nybaek, Hanne; Bang Knudsen, Dorte; Nørgaard Laursen, Troels

2009-01-01

Skin complications are frequent in ostomy patients and a number of risk factors have been suggested. The data on risk factors have, however, been documented mainly in single-centre studies and the actual importance of the suggested risk factors should therefore be verified in a group of ostomy...... patients broadly selected from the gene-ral population. All patients with permanent ostomies living in Roskilde County, Denmark, were invited to participate in the study. A total of 338 responded and 199 agreed to participate. Forty-five percent of all patients presented a skin problem. Less than half (43......%) of patients with a skin problem were aware of the skin problems, and less than 1 in 5 (16%) had sought treatment for their skin problem. Ileostomies, ostomies with leakage and ostomies in patients with body mass index >30 were associated with skin problems. In conclusion, ileostomy, leakage and obesity...

Le fictif et le réel dans L’Empereur et l’assassin de Chen Kaige

OpenAIRE

Giafferri, Xiaomin

2008-01-01

Comme tout texte historique littéraire refait l’Histoire en la manipulant, le récit filmique est doublement mensongère du fait de sa double représentation : le décor et les acteurs représentent une situation qui est la fiction, et le film lui-même représente sous forme d’images juxtaposées cette première représentation. Sans vouloir faire la part du réel et de l’imaginaire, le présent travail tente de montrer comment, dans le film L’empereur et l’assassin de Chen Kaige, l’illusion de l’authen...

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 juin 2013

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

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30 juin 2013 ... Conseil des gouverneurs du CRDI. Le mandat des gouverneurs suivants a pris fin le 27 mai 2013 : Margaret Biggs, d'Ottawa, en Ontario;. Faith Mitchell, de Washington, aux États-Unis; Elizabeth Parr-Johnston, de Chester Basin, en Nouvelle-Écosse; Gordon Shirley, de Kingston, en Jamaïque; l'honorable ...

[Skin graft, smoking and diabetes mellitus type 2].

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín; Fidalgo-Rodríguez, Félix T; Gaston, Kate L; Rioja, Luis F; Thomas, Steven J

2012-01-01

Smoking and hyperglycemia decrease the success of skin graft survival in specific circumstances. It is well known that smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 increase the oxidative and impair the endothelial function. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if smoking and DM type 2 are factors associated with lower skin graft survival, in different etiologies of the injury associated to the skin loss. It was a bicentric, retrospective, cross sectional case control study, carried out on 2457 medical patients who met the inclusion criteria. It was carried out over a 10 years period between January 2000-December 2009, at Reina Sofía University Hospital (Córdoba, Spain) and UAB Hospital at Birmingham (Alabama, USA). The percentage of successful graft for each group and its control were analyzed by Chi-square test. The confidence interval chosen for statistical differences was 95%. Smoking and DM type 2 decreased the percentage of skin graft survival when compared with their control groups. DM type 2 was associated with greater negative success on skin graft survival than smoking when compared with their control groups. There was a statistically significant drop in skin graft of 18% in smoking group (range: 68-86%) and 25% in DM type 2 group (53-78%). The OR showed a clear association between the risk factors studied and the lower skin graft success, being stronger for DM type 2. In conclusion, DM type 2 and smoking are factors associated to lower skin graft take.

Recent research on the pharmaceutical checking of radioelements (1961); Etudes recentes sur le controle pharmaceutique des radioelements (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cohen, Y; Ingrand, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

Checking on radioactive preparations for medical use is complicated by difficulties due to the radioactivity, the instability and the methods of using these solutions. In effect it is necessary, in order to draw up a practicable set of rules governing such checks, to know both the method of preparation and the properties of the radioelement, as well as special and often contradictory features of its use. These tests fall into three categories: physical, chemical and biological. Preparations of chromium 51, iron 59 and arsenic 76 have been dealt with in recent studies. In each case special tests were necessary, and these will be described in this paper. The practice of these tests is of twofold interest: firstly they provide a maximum guarantee to the user, and secondly they guide the chemist in his manipulations, immediately and thoroughly. (author) [French] Le controle des preparations radioactives a usage medical est complexe par suite des difficultees dues a la radioactivite, a l'instabilite et aux modalites d'utilisation de ces solutions. En effet, l'etablissement justifie d'un protocole de controle necessite la connaissance aussi bien du mode de preparation, que des proprietes du radioelement et des particularites parfois contradictoires de son emploi. Ces controles sont de trois ordres physiques, chimiques, biologiques. Des etudes recentes ont porte sur des preparations de chrome 51, de fer 59, d'arsenic 76. Dans chaque cas, il est apparu necessaire de pratiquer des controles particuliers qui seront exposes dans la communication. La pratique de ces derniers presente un double interet; d'une part, ils assurent a l'utilisateur un maximum de garantie, d'autre part, ils orientent le chimiste dans ses mises au point, immediatement et de facon approfondie. (auteur)

In-vitro percutaneous absorption of losartan potassium in human skin and prediction of human skin permeability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petkar K.C.

2007-05-01

Full Text Available This study describes the feasibility of transdermal controlled administration of Losartan potassium (LP across human cadaver skin. Study also defines the influence of capsaicin, sex and site of application on permeation characteristics and determined an appropriate animal model for human skin permeability. The permeation of LP of various formulations was studied using Keshary-Chein diffusion cell. Optimized controlled formulation (without capsaicin released 42.17% (±1.85 of LP in 12 hr whereas treatment formulation (with capsaicin 0.028 % w/v released 48.94% (±1.71 of LP with significant difference on null hypothesis. Influence of sex showed statistically significant difference for permeation of LP through male and female rats, as well as male and female mice across both the abdominal and dorsal sides of the skin (p<0.05. Similarly statistically significant differences were noted for permeation of LP across male and female mice abdomen-dorsal, but not for male rat abdomen-dorsal and female rat abdomen-dorsal. Furthermore, in-vitro permeation of LP across human skin was compared with the permeation across rat and mice skins. Male rat and male mice dorsal skin was found to have closer permeability characteristics to human than other skin membranes, but the Factor of Difference values were < 3 for all membranes which were used suggesting the membranes are good models for human skin permeability. In conclusion simple transdermal adhesive patches formulations incorporating high molecular weight of LP can deliver a dose in-vivo and proposed model skin membranes can be utilized for future pharmacokineic and toxicokinetic studies as well as metabolism studies of LP

Le droit, l'économie et le fondamental

OpenAIRE

Gérard Farjat

2005-01-01

MAITRE Grégory, préf. MUIR WATT Horatia, La Responsabilité civile à l’épreuve de l’analyse économique du droit, Paris, L.G.D.J., coll. Droit &Économie, 2005,315 p. LE TOURNEAU Philippe, L’Éthique des affaires et du management au XXIe siècle, Paris, Dalloz, Paris, Dunod, 2000,269 p. DELMAS-MARTY Mireille, Le Relatif et l’universel : les forces imaginantes du droit, Paris, Seuil, coll. La Couleur des idées, 2004,440 p. FRISON-ROCHE Marie-Anne, BONFILS Sébastien, Les Grandes Questions du droit é...

Le FIVB annonce le financement de huit autres projets | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

5 avr. 2018 ... Découvrez les derniers récents projets soutenus par le Fonds d'innovation en matière de vaccins pour le bétail : Maladie de Newcastle · Pleuropneumonie contagieuse caprine – cowdriose · Plateforme de modification génétique CRISPR/cas9 · Entérotoxémie, la bactérie Pasteurella et la fièvre de la vallée ...

Le Shuttle, the locomotive from Eurotunnel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel MOISA

2002-12-01

Full Text Available This paper present some performances of locomotive ‘Le Shuttle’, so-called locomotive from ‘Eurotunnel’, techniques characteristics of traction motors 6 FHA 7079 and converters witch use it, the principal electric scheme and its function principle and no at last rind the principle scheme of command-control equipment MICAS-S2 with detailed description of its operation mode.

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 septembre 2016

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Office 2004 Test Drive User

30 sept. 2016 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... internationales dʼinformation financière (normes IFRS). ..... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en vue du .... Les accords expirent à des dates différentes, et le dernier prend fin en.

Effects of Aloe Sterol Supplementation on Skin Elasticity, Hydration, and Collagen Score: A 12-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Miyuki; Yamamoto, Yuki; Misawa, Eriko; Nabeshima, Kazumi; Saito, Marie; Yamauchi, Koji; Abe, Fumiaki; Furukawa, Fukumi

2016-01-01

Our previous study confirmed that Aloe sterol stimulates collagen and hyaluronic acid production in human dermal fibroblasts. This study aims to investigate whether Aloe sterol intake affects skin conditions. We performed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of oral Aloe sterol supplementation on skin elasticity, hydration, and the collagen score in 64 healthy women (age range 30-59 years; average 44.3 years) who were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or an Aloe sterol-supplemented yogurt. Skin parameters were measured and ultrasound analysis of the forearm was performed. ANCOVA revealed statistical differences in skin moisture, transepidermal water loss, skin elasticity, and collagen score between the Aloe sterol and placebo groups. The gross elasticity (R2), net elasticity (R5), and biological elasticity (R7) scores of the Aloe sterol group significantly increased with time. In addition, skin fatigue area F3, which is known to decrease with age and fatigue, also increased with Aloe sterol intake. Ultrasound echogenicity revealed that the collagen content in the dermis increased with Aloe sterol intake. The results suggest that continued Aloe sterol ingestion contributes to maintaining healthy skin. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Le barrage des trois Gorges (Chine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luc Merchez

1999-09-01

Full Text Available Le barrage des Trois Gorges, en construction sur le Yangzijiang, sera le plus grand barrage au monde. Le gigantisme du projet et sa médiatisation croissante en Occident permettent d'en saisir les enjeux environnementaux et humains. On analyse les grandes caractéristiques du projet et ses conséquences premières avant d'aborder le travail de recherche de l'équipe SIG de l'IGA de Grenoble qui vise à préparer la relocalisation de plus d'un million d'habitants, et à modéliser les impacts démographiques et sociaux.

Human reconstructed skin xenografts on mice to model skin physiology.

Science.gov (United States)

Salgado, Giorgiana; Ng, Yi Zhen; Koh, Li Fang; Goh, Christabelle S M; Common, John E

Xenograft models to study skin physiology have been popular for scientific use since the 1970s, with various developments and improvements to the techniques over the decades. Xenograft models are particularly useful and sought after due to the lack of clinically relevant animal models in predicting drug effectiveness in humans. Such predictions could in turn boost the process of drug discovery, since novel drug compounds have an estimated 8% chance of FDA approval despite years of rigorous preclinical testing and evaluation, albeit mostly in non-human models. In the case of skin research, the mouse persists as the most popular animal model of choice, despite its well-known anatomical differences with human skin. Differences in skin biology are especially evident when trying to dissect more complex skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema, where interactions between the immune system, epidermis and the environment likely occur. While the use of animal models are still considered the gold standard for systemic toxicity studies under controlled environments, there are now alternative models that have been approved for certain applications. To overcome the biological limitations of the mouse model, research efforts have also focused on "humanizing" the mice model to better recapitulate human skin physiology. In this review, we outline the different approaches undertaken thus far to study skin biology using human tissue xenografts in mice and the technical challenges involved. We also describe more recent developments to generate humanized multi-tissue compartment mice that carry both a functioning human immune system and skin xenografts. Such composite animal models provide promising opportunities to study drugs, disease and differentiation with greater clinical relevance. Copyright © 2017 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Le rôle de l'IL6 dans le cancer du foie lié à l'hépatopathie métabolique

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le cancer du foie est souvent mortel. Il n'existe que très peu d'options de traitement, et il s'agit de l'un des cancers dont l'incidence augmente dans le monde entier. L'obésité ou les maladies métaboliques (comme le diabète et la stéatose hépatique) constituent des facteurs de risque du cancer du foie qui sont mal compris.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sophie Comeau

30 sept. 2017 ... Régi par la Loi sur le Centre de recherches pour le développement international ... forme des leaders dans les secteurs de l'administration publique, de la .... Plus des trois quart du manque à gagner prévu de 11,6 millions.

Nicolas Michel, Une économie de subsistances. Le Maroc précolonial, IFAO, Le Caire, 1997.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvie Denoix

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Le titre de cet ouvrage peut apparaître paradoxal si l'on considère, comme le rappelle Nicolas Michel, que le Maroc, dès avant le XIXe siècle, était inséré dans une économie marchande internationale "faisant circuler dans tout le pays produits et espèces monétaires". En fait, les produits de première nécessité échappent au grand négoce et font plutôt l'objet d'un troc, d'un échange contre services, hors système monétaire. Néanmoins, dans un souci de rigueur méthodologique, l'auteur nous garde...

Monitoring of overalls and personnel skin contamination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turkin, N.F.

1980-01-01

Organization of monitoring of overalls and personnel skin contamination wastes is considered. The devices used for this purpose are enumerated. In sanitary sluices through which the personnel leaving the repair zone it is recommended to particularly thoroughly control hand skin contamination and most contaminated parts of overalls (sleeves, breeches lower parts, pockets, stomack region). In sanitary check points during personnel leaving the operator zone monitoring of overalls and skin contamination is performed. The overalls and other individual protective clothing are subjected to control in a special loundry before and after washing (decontamination) [ru

Le CRDI en Égypte

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

afin d'y favoriser la croissance et le développement. Il en résulte des solutions locales, novatrices et durables, qui offrent des choix aux personnes qui en ont le plus besoin et font changer les choses. Centre de recherches pour le développement international. CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G 3H9. 1012 alexandrie.

Le CRDI en Indonésie

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

l'État dans l'île de Java. Soutenu par le CRDI, l'institut Lembaga Alam Tropika Indonesia. (ou LATIN) a conçu un modèle de cogestion des forêts qui met à contribution les collec- tivités et le gouvernement dans trois dis- tricts. Ainsi, les agriculteurs disposent d'un meilleur accès aux ressources de la forêt. Évaluation des ...

Le shopping mall : un modèle pour la construction de la ville ?

OpenAIRE

Daniau, Anaïs

2017-01-01

Après avoir montré à quel point le renouvellement du concept de shopping mall s’était inspiré de la ville, le présent article souhaite symétriser l’analyse de cette relation en décrivant la manière dont la gestion des centres urbains emprunte au fonctionnement des centres commerciaux pour se réinventer. Cette référence croissante au centre commercial comme modèle d’efficacité par les gestionnaires de centre-ville révèle selon nous l’existence de processus plus larges touchant nos centres-vill...

The controlled of the materials by the method of oscillation at the reactor core of Chatillon; Le controle des materiaux par la methode d'oscillation a la pile de Chatillon

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Breton, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

Nuclear controls has for aim to determine the validity of materials intended to be used for the construction of the reactor core. The cross-section of capture of these materials has to be measured while comparing them either to a standard of the same material, either to an element of cross-section supposed known. We studied the disruption of the working of the reactor generated by the periodic introduction of a sample of the studied material. This method is based on the measure of the phase angle of the signal provided by the ionization chamber. This signal results from the composition of a local signal and an aggregate signal due to the effects of diffusion and capture. This method permits the comparison of the capture of 2 samples very dispersive and few capturing as the graphite, the beryllium, the beryllium oxide, with a good precision. It permits to determine the cross-section of capture of elements as magnesium or aluminum. (M.B.) [French] Le controle nucleaire a pour but de determiner la valeur des materiaux destines a etre utilises pour la construction des piles. II s'agit de mesurer la section efficace de capture de ces materiaux en les comparant soit a un echantillon etalon du meme materiau, soit a un element de section efficace supposee connue. On etudie la perturbation du fonctionnement de la pile engendree par l'introduction periodique d'un echantillon du materiau a etudier. Cette methode est basee sur la mesure de l'angle de phase du signal fourni par la chambre d'ionisation. Ce signal resulte de la composition d'un signal local et d'un signal global dus aux effets de diffusion et de capture. Cette methode permet la comparaison de la capture de 2 echantillons de corps tres diffusants et peu capturants comme le graphite,le beryllium, l'oxyde de beryllium, avec une bonne precision. Elle permet par ailleurs de determiner la section efficace de capture de corps tels que le magnesium ou l'aluminium. (M.B.)

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31 ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sophie Comeau

31 déc. 2017 ... Régi par la Loi sur le Centre de recherches pour le développement international ... optimiser les retombées; forme des leaders dans les secteurs de ... Centre dans ce domaine, et a animé une table ronde avec trois des quatre ...

Le partenariat mondial sur les données ouvertes pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les données ouvertes favorisent le changement. Au Brésil, au Népal et au Nigeria, certaines personnes utilisent les données publiquement accessibles sur le budget gouvernemental pour repérer et combattre la corruption. Des analystes de données et des développeurs en TI d'autres pays en développement améliorent ...

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 30 septembre 2012

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

acray

30 sept. 2012 ... recommande de lire ce rapport en parallèle avec les états financiers non audités (à la page 9). L'information et les .... développement ont augmenté de 56,9 % par rapport au même trimestre de l'exercice 2011-2012 ..... IFRS) telles que publiées par le Conseil des normes comptables internationales (CNCI).

Skin protection in the food industry.

Science.gov (United States)

Bauer, A; Kelterer, D; Bartsch, R; Stadeler, M; Elsner, P

2007-01-01

In food occupations, like in many other skin risk occupations, the regular use of personal protection equipment, i.e. of skin protection ointments and protective gloves, is recommended as well as regular skin care for the prevention of occupational hand dermatitis. We investigated the uptake and maintenance of different prevention strategies (instructions for skin protection and skin care, prevocational skin hardening with UV light) in food occupations and their efficacy in the primary prevention of vocationally caused hand dermatitis. We could show that the acceptance and regular use of skin protection and care measures could be significantly increased by theoretical and practical instructions in food industry trainees. The highest acceptance was seen with skin protection ointment (100%) and skin care (90%). Protective gloves (43.3%) were used to a lesser extent. The hand dermatitis point prevalence in the groups after 6 months was 13.3% (skin protection), 19.4% (UV hardening) and 29.1% (controls). These clinical trends were supported by statistically significant differences in the basal TEWL values. Adequate skin protection and regular skin care seem to be promising for the prevention of occupationally caused hand dermatitis. The experimental approach using UV hardening prevocationally did not fulfil the expectations.

Les pôles de compétitivité : le recours au modèle des clusters ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Bouinot

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction : définition d’un cluster En novembre 2004, le gouvernement a lancé un appel d’offre pour structurer des pôles de compétitivité que les praticiens français n’hésitent pas à qualifier de cluster, littéralement un rassemblement du type « bouquet de fleurs ». Pour une définition théorique on peut s’appuyer sur une comparaison avec le modèle du district industriel italien (MDII. Le district est spécialisé dans un produit donné (chaussures de sport à Montebelluna, le leader mondial e...

Luther contre le protocole de Kyoto ou le retour des « indulgences ».

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernard Jouve

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Le 16 février 2005 a marqué la mise en œuvre du Protocole de Kyoto. En fait, depuis l’annonce par la Russie, le 25 octobre 2004, de sa décision de ratifier ce protocole, l’affaire était entendue. Menacé depuis le refus des États-Unis, l’un des plus grands pollueurs de la planète, de ne pas le ratifier pour des raisons purement économiques alors que ce pays produit à lui seul 40 % des gaz à effet de serre ( ges , l’accord survenu à Kyoto en 1997 est enfin entériné et ...

Le paludisme, le tsunami silencieux d'Afrique | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

12 janv. 2011 ... Dans un élan de compassion fort justifié, le monde s'est porté au secours des victimes du tsunami qui a touché récemment la région de l'océan Indien. Mais il ignore qu'un « tsunami silencieux », le paludisme, s'abat sans cesse sur l'Afrique et y fait chaque année plus de 1,5 million de victimes, surtout de ...

Sauver le café | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

D'un tiroir de la collection entomologique de Cenicafé, où sont conservés 38 000 spécimens, Álvaro Gaitán extrait le coupable, un minuscule insecte brunâtre qui a fait perdre à lui seul un demi-milliard de dollars par an à l'industrie du café dans les dernières années. Le scolyte du caféier (la broca, en espagnol) se nourrit ...

Le continu contre l'espace

Science.gov (United States)

Salanskis, Jean-Michel

Disons pour conclure que, en tout état de cause, la façon de concevoir philosophiquement le conflit du continu et de l'espace que nous avons trouvée chez Hegel n'est pas homogène avec le style et les modalités de la pensée mathématique: 1) d'une part, le lien classique, le lien de référence entre continu et espace en mathématiques n'est pas que l'espace serait premier et privé de pensée, et le continu second, venant dissoudre l'espace en apportant la qualité, l'infini et la pensée, mais tout au contraire, il consiste en ce que l'espace est fondé sur l'abîme infinitaire du continu ; 2) d'autre part, l'éventuel divorce entre l'espace et le continu dans l'aire mathématique n'est pas celui d'une réflexivité purement conceptuelle du continu avec un positivisme géométrique, n'équivaut pas à une rupture disciplinaire ; il est plutôt le symptôme de la dérive d'une herméneutique à l'égard d'une autre, au sein d'un continent juridique commun définissant la discipline (la mathématique ensembliste), cette dérive pouvant, à la limite, induire une refonte de ce sol juridique, sans que jamais il soit question pour autant de nier l'unité des mathématiques, à comprendre ici comme l'unité ultime de responsabilité de la communauté mathématique à l'égard des trois questions Qu'est-ce que l'espace?”, “Qu'est-ce que le continu?” et “Qu'est-ce que l'infini?”.

La Dialectique autonomie / contrôle dans le management par projet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathalie Lapayre

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Beaucoup a été écrit au cours des dernières années sur les nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail (NFOT, et sur ce à quoi pourrait ressembler une organisation post bureaucratique ; une grande partie de ces écrits tendraient à laisser croire que nos organisations se sont débarrassées de leurs vieux habits du taylorisme et de la bureaucratie, et sont devenues aujourd’hui un lieu de bien-être pour les salariés, un lieu d’épanouissement, d’apprentissage, voire d’émancipation. Les diverses enquêtes réalisées concernant l’évolution des conditions de travail, de l’autonomie, de la participation, montrent une image beaucoup plus contrastée et ambigüe. Poursuivant cette réflexion, nous avons voulu nous intéresser à une NFOT qui nous apparaît comme particulièrement productive d’autonomie et de liberté pour les acteurs : l’organisation par projets. Nous nous sommes penchés sur l’étude des modes de contrôle, dans ces formes modernes d’organisation du travail, qui visent tantôt à contrôler les acteurs, afin de respecter les contraintes du projet, tantôt à leur laisser un maximum de champ libre en vue de libérer les énergies créatrices. Cet article livre les questionnements qui émergent de la revue de la littérature sur le sujet et qui conduisent à se demander si les processus de contrôle mis en place dans ces organisations ne seraient pas à rapprocher des systèmes de surveillance, voire de Gouvernementalité qu’avait développés, en son temps, M. Foucault.This paper adresses the issue of the new forms of work organization and questions the issue of the post-bureaucratic organization, particularly the idea that workplaces have gone beyond taylorism and bureaucracy and have become a place where workers learn and develop themselves. The reality appears more nuanced. The author looks into the specific form of work organization, which is work by project, its modes of control of actos in

Le surpoids, l'obésité et le contrôle glycémique chez les diabétiques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

utilisation et du stockage des sucres apportés par l'alimentation, sa prise en charge est ... l'organisation mondiale de santé (OMS), Le contrôle glycémique a été effectué par l'analyse sanguine de l'Hémoglobine glycosylée et de la Glycémie à jeun.

Gamma radiation effects on peanut skin antioxidants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Camargo, Adriano Costa de; Canniatti-Brazaca, Solange Guidolin; Vieira, Thais Maria Ferreira de Souza; Regitano-d'Arce, Marisa Aparecida Bismara; Calori-Domingues, Maria Antonia

2011-01-01

Peanut skin, which is removed in the peanut blanching process, is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The viability of using natural sources of antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants was assessed. The aims of this study were to measure bioactive compounds in peanut skins and evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on their antioxidant activity. Peanut skin samples were treated with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kGy gamma rays at a dose rate of 7.5 kGy/h using a 60 Co source. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Extracts obtained from the peanut skins were added to refined-bleached deodorized (RBD) soybean oil that was free from synthetic antioxidants. The oxidative stability of the oil samples was determined using the Rancimat method and compared to a control and synthetic antioxidants (100 mg/kg BHT and 200 mg/kg TBHQ). Gamma radiation changed total phenolic content, total condensed tannins, total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant activity. Ethanolic extracts, gamma irradiated or not, presented increasing induction period (h), measured by the Rancimat method, when compared with the control. Antioxidant activity of the peanut skins was higher than BHT but lower than THBQ. The present study confirmed that gamma radiation did not affect the peanut skin extracts' antioxidative level when added to soybean oil. The induction period of the control soybean oil was 5.7 h, while soybean oil with added ethanolic peanut skin extract had an induction period of 7.2 h, on average. (author)

Gamma radiation effects on peanut skin antioxidants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Camargo, Adriano Costa de [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil); Canniatti-Brazaca, Solange Guidolin; Vieira, Thais Maria Ferreira de Souza; Regitano-d' Arce, Marisa Aparecida Bismara; Calori-Domingues, Maria Antonia, E-mail: sgcbraza@usp.b, E-mail: tvieira@esalq.usp.b, E-mail: mabra@esalq.usp.b, E-mail: macdomin@esalq.usp.b [Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Agroindustria, Alimentos e Nutricao

2011-07-01

Peanut skin, which is removed in the peanut blanching process, is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. The viability of using natural sources of antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants was assessed. The aims of this study were to measure bioactive compounds in peanut skins and evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on their antioxidant activity. Peanut skin samples were treated with 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 kGy gamma rays at a dose rate of 7.5 kGy/h using a {sup 60}Co source. Total phenolics, condensed tannins, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Extracts obtained from the peanut skins were added to refined-bleached deodorized (RBD) soybean oil that was free from synthetic antioxidants. The oxidative stability of the oil samples was determined using the Rancimat method and compared to a control and synthetic antioxidants (100 mg/kg BHT and 200 mg/kg TBHQ). Gamma radiation changed total phenolic content, total condensed tannins, total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant activity. Ethanolic extracts, gamma irradiated or not, presented increasing induction period (h), measured by the Rancimat method, when compared with the control. Antioxidant activity of the peanut skins was higher than BHT but lower than THBQ. The present study confirmed that gamma radiation did not affect the peanut skin extracts' antioxidative level when added to soybean oil. The induction period of the control soybean oil was 5.7 h, while soybean oil with added ethanolic peanut skin extract had an induction period of 7.2 h, on average. (author)

Impact of EPA ingestion on COX- and LOX-mediated eicosanoid synthesis in skin with and without a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge – Report of a randomised controlled study in humans

Science.gov (United States)

Pilkington, Suzanne M; Rhodes, Lesley E; Al-Aasswad, Naser M I; Massey, Karen A; Nicolaou, Anna

2014-01-01

Scope Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abundant in oily fish, is reported to reduce skin inflammation and provide photoprotection, potential mechanisms include competition with arachidonic acid (AA) for metabolism by cyclooxygenases/lipoxygenases to less pro-inflammatory mediators. We thus examine impact of EPA intake on levels of AA, EPA and their resulting eicosanoids in human skin with or without ultraviolet radiation (UVR) challenge. Methods and results In a double-blind randomised controlled study, 79 females took 5 g EPA-rich or control lipid for 12 wk. Pre- and post-supplementation, red blood cell and skin polyunsaturated fatty acids were assessed by GC, and eicosanoids from unexposed and UVR-exposed skin by LC-MS/MS. Active supplementation increased red blood cell and dermal EPA versus control (both p skin (p skin; 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids:12-HEPE was lower in UVR-exposed skin (3:1 versus 11:1; p skin EPA:AA content, shifting eicosanoid synthesis towards less pro-inflammatory species, and promoting a regulatory milieu under basal conditions and in response to inflammatory insult. PMID:24311515

Biomimetic shark skin: design, fabrication and hydrodynamic function.

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Li; Weaver, James C; Lauder, George V

2014-05-15

Although the functional properties of shark skin have been of considerable interest to both biologists and engineers because of the complex hydrodynamic effects of surface roughness, no study to date has successfully fabricated a flexible biomimetic shark skin that allows detailed study of hydrodynamic function. We present the first study of the design, fabrication and hydrodynamic testing of a synthetic, flexible, shark skin membrane. A three-dimensional (3D) model of shark skin denticles was constructed using micro-CT imaging of the skin of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus). Using 3D printing, thousands of rigid synthetic shark denticles were placed on flexible membranes in a controlled, linear-arrayed pattern. This flexible 3D printed shark skin model was then tested in water using a robotic flapping device that allowed us to either hold the models in a stationary position or move them dynamically at their self-propelled swimming speed. Compared with a smooth control model without denticles, the 3D printed shark skin showed increased swimming speed with reduced energy consumption under certain motion programs. For example, at a heave frequency of 1.5 Hz and an amplitude of ± 1 cm, swimming speed increased by 6.6% and the energy cost-of-transport was reduced by 5.9%. In addition, a leading-edge vortex with greater vorticity than the smooth control was generated by the 3D printed shark skin, which may explain the increased swimming speeds. The ability to fabricate synthetic biomimetic shark skin opens up a wide array of possible manipulations of surface roughness parameters, and the ability to examine the hydrodynamic consequences of diverse skin denticle shapes present in different shark species. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Indoor tanning in businesses and homes and risk of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in 2 US case-control studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrucci, Leah M; Vogel, Rachel Isaksson; Cartmel, Brenda; Lazovich, DeAnn; Mayne, Susan T

2014-11-01

Indoor tanning increases skin cancer risk. Beyond early research describing melanoma and sun lamps, few recent reports describe where individuals indoor tan and whether skin cancer risk varies by location (business, home-based). We sought to assess where individuals tanned indoors and skin cancer risk by tanning device location. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted in 2 US case-control studies of melanoma (1161 cases, 1083 controls, ages 25-59 years) and early-onset basal cell carcinoma (375 cases, 382 controls, agetanned exclusively in businesses. Persons who used indoor tanning exclusively in businesses were at increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.47-2.26) and basal cell carcinoma (odds ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.48) compared with non-users. Melanoma risk was also increased in the small number who reported tanning indoors only at home relative to non-users (odds ratio 4.14, 95% confidence interval 1.75-9.78); 67.6% used sun lamps. Self-reported tanning and potential recall bias are limitations. Business-only tanning, despite claims of "safe" tanning, was positively associated with a significant risk of melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Home tanning was uncommon and mostly from sun lamps, which were rarely used by younger participants. Regardless of location, indoor tanning was associated with increased risk of skin cancer. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31

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Sophie Comeau

31 déc. 2011 ... politiques, de chercheurs et de collectivités de par le monde. ..... qui a été choisi à l'issue d'un processus de recrutement mené ... Les bureaux régionaux constituent une ressource stratégique et un élément clé du modèle de.

Rapport financier trimestriel pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31

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31 déc. 2016 ... Le CRDI finance des travaux de recherche appliquée ... développement international (le Centre) et lʼévolution de la ...... voie de développement et sur la mise en oeuvre des connaissances scientifiques, techniques et autres en vue du .... vertu d'accords de contribution conclus avec des bailleurs de fonds.

A novel method for real-time skin impedance measurement during radiofrequency skin tightening treatments.

Science.gov (United States)

Harth, Yoram; Lischinsky, Daniel

2011-03-01

The thermal effects of monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency (RF) have been proven to be beneficial in skin tightening. Nevertheless, these effects were frequently partial or unpredictable because of the uncontrolled nature of monopolar or unipolar RF and the superficial nature of energy flow for bipolar or tripolar configurations. One of the hypotheses for lack or predictability of efficacy of the first-generation RF therapy skin tightening systems is lack of adaptation of delivered power to differences in individual skin impedance. A novel multisource phase-controlled system was used (1 MHz, power range 0-65 W) for treatment and real-time skin impedance measurements in 24 patients (EndyMed PRO™; EndyMed, Cesarea, Israel). This system allows continuous real-time measurement of skin impedance delivering constant energy to the patient skin independent of changes in its impedance. More than 6000 unique skin impedance measurements on 22 patients showed an average session impedance range was 215-584 Ohm with an average of 369 Ohm (standard deviation of 49 Ohm). Analyzing individual pulses (total of 600 readings) showed a significant decrease in impedance during the pulse. These findings validate the expected differences in skin impedance between individual patients and in the same patients during the treatment pulse. Clinical study on 30 patients with facial skin aging using the device has shown high predictability of efficacy (86.7% of patients had good results or better at 3 months' follow-up [decrease of 2 or more grades in Fitzpatrick's wrinkle scale]). The real-time customization of energy according to skin impedance allows a significantly more accurate and safe method of nonablative skin tightening with more consistent and predictable results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of entry kerma in the skin with the variation of automatic exposure control in mammography;Comparacao do kerma de entrada na pele com a variacao do controle automatico de exposicao em exames mamograficos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Macao Junior, J.L. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil); Mecca, F.A. [Instituto Nacional de Cancer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Gomes, B.C. [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2009-07-01

The purpose of this work was to analyze the entry kerma values in the skin in comparison with the automatic exposure control tests. To achieve that, 44 mammographies were evaluatecl in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The reference values adopted were taken from the current Brazilian legislation, 'Portaria no. 453/98 do Ministerio da Saude', where the reference entry kerma value in the skin corresponds to 10 mGy and the maximum variation accepted to the automatic exposure control test corresponds to 30 optic unities. It was observed that 46.7% of the analyzecl mammographies presented entry kerma values in the skin above the reference level established, whereas the automatic exposition control for these same mammographies was within the acceptability parameters. (author)

Bibliographie de l’île de Clipperton – Île de La Passion (1711-2005)

OpenAIRE

Jost, Christian

2008-01-01

L’île de Clipperton, baptisée « Île de La Passion » par ses découvreurs français en 1711, porte pourtant le nom d’un pirate anglais. Malgré les très courtes périodes d’occupation qu’elle connut au début du XXe siècle et dans les années 1960, son histoire est jalonnée de nombreux écrits. Son intérêt scientifique sur le plan des études environnmentales et les enjeux économique et géopolitique récemment renouvelés conduisent l’auteur à publier ici cette bibliographie de plus de trois cent cinqua...

Enzyme release in the skin of mice as an effect of soft X-irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soltesz, L.

1976-01-01

The shaved skin of 7-8 week old male mice was irradiated locally on the back by doses of 100, 500, 1000, 2000 or 4000 R of soft X-ray. The enzyme activity of the washing solution and of the homogenate of the removed skin, the nitrogen content and the incorporation of 3 H-thymidine were measured immediately after irradiation or 1,2,4,8,16 hours later. The activity of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, cathepsine D) increased in the washing solution, whereas in the homogenate no significant change was observed. The maximal values were measured on the second day after irradiation with 1000 R. Tha activity of alkaline phosphatase and leucinaminopeptidase (non-lysosomal enzymes) did not change. Neither was any change observed in the nitrogen content of the skin. The incorporation of 3 H-thymidine considerably decreased. It can be concluded that small doses (500-1000 R) of local X-irradiation damage the membrane of lysosoms and lead to a release of cell destructing enzymes. (L.E.)

Lutter contre le paludisme sans DDT

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Nancy Minogue

La participation de la collectivité aux stratégies de contrôle, une surveillance ... Le contrôle de la maladie passe par une meilleure gestion de l'environnement. En vertu de ... de la santé humaine, ou écosanté, est un processus dynamique qui.

Controlled water deficit during ripening affects proanthocyanidin synthesis, concentration and composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins.

Science.gov (United States)

Cáceres-Mella, Alejandro; Talaverano, M Inmaculada; Villalobos-González, Luis; Ribalta-Pizarro, Camila; Pastenes, Claudio

2017-08-01

The influence of controlled water deficit on the phenolic composition and gene expression of VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2 and VvMYB4a in Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins throughout ripening was investigated. The assay was carried out on own-rooted Vitis vinifera plants cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in a commercial vineyard from veraison until commercial harvest. Three irrigation regimes were used from veraison until harvest with the following treatments: T1: 3.6 mm day -1 ; T2: 1.8 mm day -1 and T3: 0.3 mm day -1 . The content of total phenols and total anthocyanins in grape skins increased during ripening, but water deficit did not produce differences among treatments in the total anthocyanin concentration. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) decreased throughout ripening, although approximately 25 days after veraison (DAV), their content slightly increased. This effect was more pronounced in the most restrictive treatment (T3). A similar pattern was observed in the transcript abundance of VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1 and VvMYB4a. PAs separation revealed differences in concentration but not in the proportion among fractions among the irrigation treatments. Additionally, controlled water deficit increased the mean degree of polymerization and the flavan-3-ol polymeric concentration in grape skins throughout ripening but with no effects on the extent of PAs galloylation. Our results suggest that the water status of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines affects the gene expression for proteins involved in the synthesis of PAs, increasing their concentration and also their composition, with further evidence for the efficacy of a convenient, controlled water deficit strategy for grapevine cultivation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Passive Flow-Actuated Microflaps Inspired by Shark Skin for Separation Control

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Jackson; Devey, Sean; Lang, Amy; Hubner, Paul

2017-11-01

Thanks to millions of years of natural selection, sharks have evolved into quick apex predators. Previous research has proven shark skin to reduce flow separation, which would result in lower pressure drag. Mako shark skin is made up of microscopic scales on the order of 0.2 mm in size. These scales are hypothesized to be a flow control mechanism, capable of being passively actuated by reversed flow. We believe shark scales are strategically sized to interact with the lower 5 percent of the boundary layer, where reversed flow occurs near the wall. Previous wind tunnel research has shown that it is possible to passively actuate 2D flaps in the lower regions of the boundary layer. This research aims to identify reverse flow conditions that will cause small 3D flaps to actuate. Several sets of microflaps (about 4 mm in length) geometrically similar to shark scales were 3D printed. These microflaps were tested in a low-speed wind tunnel in various reverse flow conditions. Microflaps were observed to be actuated by the reversing flow and flow conditions were characterized using a hot-wire probe. These microflaps have the potential to mimic the mako shark type of flow control in air, passively actuated by reverse flow conditions. This research was supported by Boeing, the US Army, and the National Science Foundation REU program.

PERFORMANCE ET RESTRUCTURATION: LE CAS SAÏDAL ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

performance de SAÏDAL suite à sa restructuration débutée en 1997. Le concept de ... millions d'actions. Du point de vue du management, SAÏDAL adopte le tableau de .... Méthodes et Pratiques de la Performance : Le Guide du Pilotage. ... performance des entreprises, Kaplan et Norton proposèrent le tableau de bord ...

Effectiveness of the nursing programme 'Coping with itch': a randomized controlled study in adults with chronic pruritic skin disease.

Science.gov (United States)

van Os-Medendorp, H; Ros, W J G; Eland-de Kok, P C M; Kennedy, C; Thio, B H; van der Schuur-van der Zande, A; Grypdonck, M H F; Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C A F M

2007-06-01

The nursing programme 'Coping with Itch' aims at reducing itch and at helping patients with chronic pruritic skin diseases cope with itch. The programme consists of educational and cognitive behavioural interventions. Dermatology nurses carry out the programme, which supplements standard medical treatment given by a dermatologist, in individual sessions at a nurse clinic organized by the dermatology outpatient department. To evaluate the effectiveness of the nursing programme 'Coping with Itch' in patients with chronic pruritic skin diseases. A randomized controlled study was carried out. Patients with chronic pruritic skin diseases were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received standard care from a dermatologist and nursing care according to the programme 'Coping with Itch' for a mean of 2.9 visits. The control group received usual care from a dermatologist. Data collection took place at baseline, at 3 months (t1) and at 9 months (t2) after baseline. Most visits to the nurse clinic took place during the first 3 months of the study. Main outcome measures were the frequency and intensity of itching and scratching, itch-related coping, and skin-related and general psychosocial morbidity. Secondary outcome measures were the number of visits to the dermatologist and the use of medication and ointments. Mann-Whitney tests and analyses of covariance were used to analyse differences between the two groups. Data on 29 patients in the intervention group and 36 patients in the control group were used in the analyses. A trend to significance (P = 0.07) was shown in the difference between the two groups in the frequency of itching and scratching at t1. A significant difference (P = 0.04) was shown between the two groups in catastrophizing and helpless itch-related coping at t1. No significant differences were revealed at t2 between the groups. Patients in the intervention group visited the dermatologist significantly less

Le Valais et ses Reines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Campi

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Combat de ReinesAu premier plan (la corde dans la main, un propriétaire de vaches. Dans l'arène se trouve le rabatteur. Les Reines sur la photo sont des reines de première catégorie (ainsi que le montre le « I » sur leur cuisse .Dimanche 6 mai 2012, « Schakira », la vache numéro 42, a gagné, non sans polémique, le titre de Reine. Elle peut donc être considérée comme la Reine des Reines, titre qu’elle a gagné en se battant contre ses rivales dans différents combats, qui ont commencé pour Sch...

Quand le lait devient enjeu social : le cas de la société peule dans le Séno (Burkina Faso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madina Querre

2003-09-01

Full Text Available L’intérêt pour le « lait » en tant que sujet de recherche est issu, ici, de questionnements autour de l’allaitement en tant que facteur de transmission du VIH. En effet, la transmission du VIH par l’allaitement représente un important problème de santé publique dans les pays du Sud. La mise en place des programmes de prévention reste un problème complexe qui touche divers domaines dont une partie concerne directement notre discipline, étant d’ordre social et culturel. Les perceptions qui valorisent l’allaitement maternel sont très ancrées dans la plupart des cultures « tradi­tionnelles », mettant en valeur celles du lait. Le lait prend en effet dans la société peule une valeur qui va au-delà de la simple question de l’allaitement, étant présent au cœur même de la structure socio-économique. C’est cet aspect qui constituera le propos de cet article.Le terme Kossam, qui désigne le lait, signifie « ce qui est meilleur ». A la base de l’organisation socio-économique peule, son exploitation révèle une originalité particulière concernant les femmes : c’est le lait qui donne aux femmes la possibilité d’une émancipation sociale et économique. En effet, tel que cela sera développé dans cet article, le lait de vache est la propriété de la femme dès l’instant où elle est mariée ; elle peut alors en disposer selon ses intérêts pour la consommation et/ou la commercialisation. Elle peut donc avoir une certaine marge de liberté dans ses actions sans être sous la tutelle complète de son époux. Le fait même qu’elle en soit propriétaire fait référence à un fonctionnement et à une représentation sociale spécifiques.Le lait et sa productrice, la vache, sont au cœur du fonctionnement socio-économique peul. Le lait est considéré comme étant à la base de l’alimentation ; même si dans les faits l’alimentation est aussi organisée autour du mil. Aussi, envisager le

Le corps dans l'Antiquité

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Sophie Lalanne

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Ouvrages générauxLaqueur Thomas, La fabrique du sexe. Essai sur le corps et le genre en Occident, trad. fr., Paris, Gallimard, 1992.Feher Michel, Naddaff Ramona, Tazi Nadia, Fragments for a History of the Human Body, 3 volumes, New York, Zone Books, 1989.Le Corps dans l’AntiquitéBodiou Lydie, Frère Dominique, Mehl Véronique dir., L’expression des corps. Gestes, attitudes, regards dans l’iconographie antique, Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2006.Bonnard Jean-Baptiste, Le complexe de ...

La filière d’oignon d’été dans le Saïs au Maroc : la place et le rôle des intermédiaires de la commercialisation

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Caroline Lejars

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Les agriculteurs dépendent souvent, pour la commercialisation de leur produit, d'un réseau complexe d'intermédiaires privés. Dans les pays en développement, ces intermédiaires de la vente sont souvent accusés de réaliser des profits excessifs et d’être responsables des énormes écarts entre le prix de vente au champ et le prix payé par le consommateur. En s’appuyant sur l’étude de la filière oignon d’été dans le Saïs au Maroc, cet article analyse le rôle de ces réseaux d'intermédiaires, et la répartition des coûts et de la marge bénéficiaire le long de la chaine de production et de commercialisation. On montre ainsi que cette filière crée un grand nombre d'emplois en aval de la production, que ce soit pour la collecte, le stockage, le transport ou la vente. La part de la marge bénéficiaire revenant à l’ensemble des intermédiaires est supérieure à celle revenant aux producteurs, ce qui entraine effectivement une importante différence de prix entre le prix de vente et le prix du marché. Même si les profits et les rôles des intermédiaires sont très variables, certains des acteurs intermédiaires, notamment les détaillants et les revendeurs en gros, récupèrent des marges bien supérieures à celles des agriculteurs. L’organisation des producteurs autour de zones de stockage et d’activités de commercialisation permettrait de limiter le nombre d’intermédiaires, d’accroitre le profit des agriculteurs et de modifier les rapports de négociations souvent asymétriques entre agriculteurs et commerçants.

Le rôle des chefs traditionnels en Afrique | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

14 juil. 2011 ... Se fondant sur ces expériences, Ray, présentement professeur de sciences politiques à l'Université de Calgary, a mené un nouveau projet sur le rôle des chefs traditionnels dans la gouvernance locale en Afrique. Bien qu'il soient souvent ignorés par les organismes de développement international, les ...

LE CORBUSIER: CONCURSOS Y PALACIOS / Le Corbusier: competitions and palaces

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Fernando Zaparaín Hernández

2012-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Cuando Le Corbusier ya había pasado de los cuarenta años se enfrentó a dos concursos internacionales: el Palacio de las Naciones en Ginebra (1926–31 y el Palacio de los Soviets en Moscú (1931–32 con los que intentaba acceder a grandes encargos de estado con mayor escala urbana en los que poner a prueba su ideario moderno sobre arquitectura y urbanismo. En ambos casos estuvo entre los vencedores pero por conveniencia e indecisión, los poderes políticos optaron por soluciones academicistas. Al conocer las decisiones definitivas, Le Corbusier y todos sus contactos del Movimiento Moderno orquestaron diversas polémicas ante los medios de comunicación y los gobernantes por entender que el progreso se veía lastrado por el triunfo de propuestas reaccionarias. Mediante el estudio de la correspondencia con personas particulares como Moser, Giedion, Colly o Stonorov, conservada en la Fundación Le Corbusier, se analizan las relaciones y el tono ideológico en torno a aquellas protestas. En esos textos quedan reflejados los principales rasgos que caracterizan la modernidad como su internacionalización, la seguridad en la propia misión, la defensa de lo nuevo o el método dialéctico. SUMMARY When Le Corbusier had already passed the age of forty he confronted two international competitions: the Palais des Nations in Geneva (1926–1931 and the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow (1931–32, with which he attempted to access large state commissions, with greater urban scale, in which to test his ideas about modern architecture and urbanism. In both cases he was among the winners, but through convenience and indecision the political powers opted for solutions from academicians. Upon knowing the final decisions, Le Corbusier and all his contacts in the Modern Movement orchestrated several controversies with the media, and the people in power, to convey that progress seemed burdened by the triumph of reactionary proposals. The relationships

Evaluation of the skin phototoxicity and photosensitivity of honeybee venom.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Sang Mi; Hong, In Phyo; Woo, Soon Ok; Kim, Se Gun; Jang, He Rye; Park, Kwan Kyu

2017-12-01

Bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom (BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient owing to its anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aim of this study was to assess the skin safety of BV. For this purpose, skin phototoxicity and sensitization tests were conducted in healthy male Hartley guinea pigs. The animals were divided into three groups (n=5) for the phototoxicity test: G1 (negative control), G2 (BV gel treatment), and G3 (positive control). After specified treatments, the animals were irradiated with ultraviolet A (15 J/cm 2 ). The photosensitivity test was also performed in three groups: G4 (negative control, n=5), G5 (BV gel treatment, n=10), and G6 (positive control, n=5). Erythema and edema were observed after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the positive control group, but not in the negative control and BV gel groups. Application of BV to the guinea pig skin had no toxic effects on any clinical signs, body weight, or mortality. In addition, it did not evoke a skin reaction in both either the skin phototoxicity and skin photosensitization tests. Therefore, it can be concluded that BV has the potential to be developed as a drug ingredient for topical uses. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Le rôle des associations  dans la médiation en archéologie

OpenAIRE

Sence, Christophe

2014-01-01

Le milieu associatif est connu en France pour son dynamisme et sa réactivité. Il en va de même en archéologie, notamment dans le domaine de la médiation. Si le public ignore bien souvent qu’une association se cache derrière le lieu qu’il vient de visiter, nombreux sont les sites archéologiques, toutes périodes confondues, dont la mise en valeur est entièrement assumée par une telle structure. Dans ce cadre, tout est envisageable, de la simple ouverture pendant les Journées européennes du patr...

Oral intake of Boesenbergia pandurata extract improves skin hydration, gloss, and wrinkling: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Do Un; Chung, Hee Chul; Kim, Changhee; Hwang, Jae-Kwan

2017-12-01

Photoaging is a severe skin damage that occurs as a result of exposure to external elements, primarily ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Chronically, UV-irradiated skin exhibits the signs of sunburn and hyperpigmentation with the destruction of connective tissues. Previously, Boesenbergia pandurata (B. pandurata) and its active compound panduratin A showed antiphotoaging activities in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of B. pandurata intake on skin hydration, gloss, wrinkling, and elasticity. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to clinically evaluate the effect of B. pandurata ethanol extract (BPE) containing 8% of panduratin A on human skin hydration, gloss, wrinkling, and elasticity. Ninety-two subjects were randomly assigned to receive tablets containing either BPE or placebo for 12 weeks. The test group had significantly increased skin hydration and gloss and decreased wrinkling compared to the placebo group at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in skin elasticity between the two groups; however, the increment rate in the test group was higher than that in the placebo group at 12 weeks. None of the subjects developed adverse symptoms during the study period. These results suggest that BPE can be used as a nutraceutical or nutricosmetic material for improving human skin hydration, gloss, and wrinkling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Construire les stratégies avec le Balanced Scorecard:vers une approche interactive du modèle de Kaplan et Norton

OpenAIRE

Gérald Naro; Denis Travaillé

2010-01-01

(VF)L’objectif de cet article est de confronter le Balanced Scorecard avec le modèle des leviers de contrôle de Simons (1995) et de discuter de son rôle dans les différentes phases du processus stratégique. Nous privilégions une représentation du BSC comme outil de contrôle interactif. Notre recherche est fondée sur une méthodologie longitudinale de type recherche action à partir de l’étude de deux cas. Les résultats montrent que le BSC crée un processus de construction collective favorisant ...

Stereological quantification of lymphocytes in skin biopsies from atopic dermatitis patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ellingsen, A R; Sørensen, F B; Larsen, Jytte Overgaard

2001-01-01

with active eczema in 8 adults with AD and from clinically normal skin from 4 of the patients. Five persons without allergy or skin disease served as controls. The mean number of lymphocytes in 4-mm skin biopsies was 469,000 and 124,000 in active eczema and in clinically normal skin, respectively. Compared......Atopic dermatitis (AD) is histologically characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and quantitative assessment is required. This study introduces stereological techniques to quantify the number of lymphocytes in skin biopsies. Four-millimetre punch biopsies were taken from skin...... with controls, the number of lymphocytes in biopsies increased by a factor of 6.8 in active eczema and a factor of 1.8 in clinically normal skin. If 20% of skin is affected by eczema the total number of lymphocytes located in the affected skin can be estimated to 1.27 x 10(10). A patient with clinically...

Screening for skin cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Helfand, M; Mahon, S M; Eden, K B; Frame, P S; Orleans, C T

2001-04-01

of referrals, types of suspected skin cancers, biopsies, confirmed skin cancers, and stages and thickness of skin cancers. For studies that reported test performance, we recorded the definition of a suspicious lesion, the "gold-standard" determination of disease, and the number of true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative test results. When possible, positive predictive values, likelihood ratios, sensitivity, and specificity were recorded. No randomized or case-control studies have been done that demonstrate that routine screening for melanoma by primary care providers reduces morbidity or mortality. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are very common, but detection and treatment in the absence of formal screening are almost always curative. No controlled studies have shown that formal screening programs will improve this already high cure rate. While the efficacy of screening has not been established, the screening procedures themselves are noninvasive, and the follow-up test, skin biopsy, has low morbidity. Five studies from mass screening programs reported the accuracy of skin examination as a screening test. One of these, a prospective study, tracked patients with negative results to determine the number of patients with false-negative results. In this study, the sensitivity of screening for skin cancer was 94% and specificity was 98%. Several recent case-control studies confirm earlier evidence that risk of melanoma rises with the presence of atypical moles and/or many common moles. One well-done prospective study demonstrated that risk assessment by limited physical exam identified a relatively small (fair. We found no studies that assessed the effectiveness of periodic skin examination by a clinician in reducing melanoma mortality. Both self-assessment of risk factors or clinician examination can classify a small proportion of patients as at highest risk for melanoma. Skin cancer screening, perhaps using a risk

L’économie politique du désir dans le rituel et le militantisme au SriLanka

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wim Van Daele

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Le désir est au cœur des interactions complexes entre le développement et la religion. Cet article examine ses différentes expressions, comme étant une des préoccupations fondamentales de nombreuses religions, qui motivent à la fois le développement et les alternatives au développement. Au SriLanka, face au changement social, la forme néolibérale et mondialisée du développement est comprise et réinterprétée à travers des idiomes et des formations locales du désir. L’économie néolibérale cultive le désir et mène à un accroissement présumé de la présence des preta (fantômes affamés et avides qui se manifestent parfois au moment de la mort d’une personne. Les fantômes affamés, en tant que formations fétichisées du désir, trouvent un écho chez les consommateurs et les entrepreneurs, qui montrent unappétit insatiable vis-à-vis d’une richesse matérielle en constante croissance. Ainsi, l’apaisement ritualisé des fantômes affamés et le militantisme social de groupes tels que le Movement for National Land and Agricultural Reform (MONLAR sont clairement liés par leur préoccupation mutuelle face à l’insécurité existentielle des êtres humains et non humains, causée par un désir excessif et déséquilibré. L’action rituelle et le militantisme social divergent toutefois dans la formulation explicite de leurs préoccupations spécifiques concernant le désir. Le rituel matérialise et condense l’angoisse liée au désir, alors que le militantisme social décrit la fétichisation du désir en termes économiques, politiques et scientifiques plus abstraits.

Safety of drinking water supplies to suburban Paris: analysis and control of radioactivity at Choisy-le-Roi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rapinat, M.; Philipot, J.M.; Cadet, J.L.

1990-01-01

The Syndicat des Eaux d'Ile de France and the Compagnie des Eaux have undertaken several stringent actions, to analyse and control radioactivity at Cholsy-le-Roi, 150 KM downstream from Nogent/s/Seine:- founding in 1985 a new laboratory branch for radioactivity measurement. - adding new elements to the existing alarm network (automatic analysis of the raw water quality). - studies for the treatability of radioelements. - using protected resources (ground water). -set up of a second treated water feeder between the river Seine and the river Marne areas. Others projects are under study, such as the creation of a raw water reservoir and increasing the capacity of treated water stockage. (author)

Skin barrier properties in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johansen, J D; Ramsing, D; Vejlsgaard, G

1995-01-01

increased in controls compared to ichthyosis patients, when evaluated by TEWL. When evaluated by erythema index a statistically significant increase in redness was found in controls, but not in ichthyosis patients. Electrical capacitance, reflecting skin hydration, was significantly reduced in RXLI patients......Patients with X-linked recessive ichthyosis (RXLI) were studied as a model of the effect of disturbed epidermal lipid composition on skin barrier function. Thirteen patients with RXLI and 15 age- and sex-matched controls were patch-tested with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 0.5% for 24 h. Basal skin...... properties and skin response to SLS were studied by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), electrical capacitance and erythema index. No statistically significant difference in basal TEWL was found between the two groups. The skin response to SLS was found to be statistically significantly...

Stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Knor, Tanja; Meholjić-Fetahović, Ajša; Mehmedagić, Aida

2011-01-01

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin disease with genetic predisposition, which occurs most frequently in preschool children. It is considered that dryness and pruritus, which are always present in AD, are in correlation with degradation of the skin barrier function. Measurement of hydration and pH value of the stratum corneum is one of the noninvasive methods for evaluation of skin barrier function. The aim of the study was to assess skin barrier function by measuring stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH of the skin with lesions, perilesional skin and uninvolved skin in AD patients, and skin in a healthy control group. Forty-two patients were included in the study: 21 young and adult AD patients and 21 age-matched healthy controls. Capacitance, which is correlated with hydration of stratum corneum and skin surface pH were measured on the forearm in the above areas by SM810/CM820/pH900 combined units (Courage AND Khazaka, Germany). The mean value of water capacitance measured in AD patients was 44.1 ± 11.6 AU (arbitrary units) on the lesions, 60.2 ± 12.4 AU on perilesional skin and 67.2 ± 8.8 AU on uninvolved skin. In healthy controls, the mean value was 74.1 ± 9.2 AU. The mean pH value measured in AD patients was 6.13 ± 0.52 on the lesions, 5.80 ± 0.41 on perilesional skin, and 5.54 ± 0.49 on uninvolved skin. In control group, the mean pH of the skin surface was 5.24 ± 0.40. The values of both parameters measured on lesional skin were significantly different (capacitance decreased and pH increased) from the values recorded on perilesional skin and uninvolved skin. The same held for the relation between perilesional and uninvolved skin. According to study results, the uninvolved skin of AD patients had significantly worse values of the measured parameters as compared with control group. The results of this study suggested the skin barrier function to be degraded in AD patients, which is specifically expressed in lesional skin.

Juan Goytisolo: Le soi, le monde et la création littéraire

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pablo Romero Alegría

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Reseña de la obra: Yannick Llored. Le soi, le monde et la création littéraire. Presses Universitaires du Septentrion. Villeneuve d’Ascq (Francia. 2009. 421 págs. ISBN: 978-2-75740-0089-0

Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part II: QSAR models of skin permeability and the relationships between skin permeability and skin sensitization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alves, Vinicius M. [Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-220 (Brazil); Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (United States); Muratov, Eugene [Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (United States); Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, A.V. Bogatsky Physical–Chemical Institute NAS of Ukraine, Odessa 65080 (Ukraine); Fourches, Denis [Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (United States); Strickland, Judy; Kleinstreuer, Nicole [ILS/Contractor supporting the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States); Andrade, Carolina H. [Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74605-220 (Brazil); Tropsha, Alexander, E-mail: alex_tropsha@unc.edu [Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 (United States)

2015-04-15

Skin permeability is widely considered to be mechanistically implicated in chemically-induced skin sensitization. Although many chemicals have been identified as skin sensitizers, there have been very few reports analyzing the relationships between molecular structure and skin permeability of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The goals of this study were to: (i) compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset of chemicals studied for their skin permeability; (ii) develop and rigorously validate QSAR models to predict skin permeability; and (iii) explore the complex relationships between skin sensitization and skin permeability. Based on the largest publicly available dataset compiled in this study, we found no overall correlation between skin permeability and skin sensitization. In addition, cross-species correlation coefficient between human and rodent permeability data was found to be as low as R{sup 2} = 0.44. Human skin permeability models based on the random forest method have been developed and validated using OECD-compliant QSAR modeling workflow. Their external accuracy was high (Q{sup 2}{sub ext} = 0.73 for 63% of external compounds inside the applicability domain). The extended analysis using both experimentally-measured and QSAR-imputed data still confirmed the absence of any overall concordance between skin permeability and skin sensitization. This observation suggests that chemical modifications that affect skin permeability should not be presumed a priori to modulate the sensitization potential of chemicals. The models reported herein as well as those developed in the companion paper on skin sensitization suggest that it may be possible to rationally design compounds with the desired high skin permeability but low sensitization potential. - Highlights: • It was compiled the largest publicly-available skin permeability dataset. • Predictive QSAR models were developed for skin permeability. • No concordance between skin

Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part II: QSAR models of skin permeability and the relationships between skin permeability and skin sensitization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alves, Vinicius M.; Muratov, Eugene; Fourches, Denis; Strickland, Judy; Kleinstreuer, Nicole; Andrade, Carolina H.; Tropsha, Alexander

2015-01-01

Skin permeability is widely considered to be mechanistically implicated in chemically-induced skin sensitization. Although many chemicals have been identified as skin sensitizers, there have been very few reports analyzing the relationships between molecular structure and skin permeability of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The goals of this study were to: (i) compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset of chemicals studied for their skin permeability; (ii) develop and rigorously validate QSAR models to predict skin permeability; and (iii) explore the complex relationships between skin sensitization and skin permeability. Based on the largest publicly available dataset compiled in this study, we found no overall correlation between skin permeability and skin sensitization. In addition, cross-species correlation coefficient between human and rodent permeability data was found to be as low as R 2 = 0.44. Human skin permeability models based on the random forest method have been developed and validated using OECD-compliant QSAR modeling workflow. Their external accuracy was high (Q 2 ext = 0.73 for 63% of external compounds inside the applicability domain). The extended analysis using both experimentally-measured and QSAR-imputed data still confirmed the absence of any overall concordance between skin permeability and skin sensitization. This observation suggests that chemical modifications that affect skin permeability should not be presumed a priori to modulate the sensitization potential of chemicals. The models reported herein as well as those developed in the companion paper on skin sensitization suggest that it may be possible to rationally design compounds with the desired high skin permeability but low sensitization potential. - Highlights: • It was compiled the largest publicly-available skin permeability dataset. • Predictive QSAR models were developed for skin permeability. • No concordance between skin sensitization and

Le Projet d’Ole Lando sur les Contrats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holle, Marie-Louise

2017-01-01

En 2016 le projet de recherche le plus important jusqu’à présent sur le droit nordique des contrats a pris fin et un livre, de presque 400 pages, en a marqué l’aboutissement. Le résultat du projet est un « restatement » tel qu’il existe aux États-Unis. Le Restatement porte sur les règles et les...

Le point sur le sida, l'alimentation et la nutrition | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

14 oct. 2010 ... Selon le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM), 22 des 30 pays à risque élevé ayant besoin d'une aide alimentaire extérieure se trouvent en Afrique subsaharienne, où de nombreux États sont aux prises avec une grave épidémie de sida. Étant donné que le VIH touche les travailleurs dans la force de ...

Responses to hyperthermia. Optimizing heat dissipation by convection and evaporation: Neural control of skin blood flow and sweating in humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Caroline J; Johnson, John M

2016-04-01

Under normothermic, resting conditions, humans dissipate heat from the body at a rate approximately equal to heat production. Small discrepancies between heat production and heat elimination would, over time, lead to significant changes in heat storage and body temperature. When heat production or environmental temperature is high the challenge of maintaining heat balance is much greater. This matching of heat elimination with heat production is a function of the skin circulation facilitating heat transport to the body surface and sweating, enabling evaporative heat loss. These processes are manifestations of the autonomic control of cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor functions and form the basis of this review. We focus on these systems in the responses to hyperthermia. In particular, the cutaneous vascular responses to heat stress and the current understanding of the neurovascular mechanisms involved. The available research regarding cutaneous active vasodilation and vasoconstriction is highlighted, with emphasis on active vasodilation as a major responder to heat stress. Involvement of the vasoconstrictor and active vasodilator controls of the skin circulation in the context of heat stress and nonthermoregulatory reflexes (blood pressure, exercise) are also considered. Autonomic involvement in the cutaneous vascular responses to direct heating and cooling of the skin are also discussed. We examine the autonomic control of sweating, including cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms, the local control of sweating, thermoregulatory and nonthermoregulatory reflex control and the possible relationship between sudomotor and cutaneous vasodilator function. Finally, we comment on the clinical relevance of these control schemes in conditions of autonomic dysfunction. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous penetration through slightly damaged skin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Jesper B

2005-01-01

with human skin. A slight damage to the barrier integrity was induced by pre-treatment of the skin with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) before pesticide exposure. The experimental model with 3 h pre-treatment with SLS (0.1% or 0.3%) assured a significant but controlled damage to the barrier integrity, a damage...

Development of a two-dimensional skin friction balance nulling circuit using multivariable control theory

Science.gov (United States)

Tripp, John S.; Patek, Stephen D.

1988-01-01

Measurement of planar skin friction forces in aerodynamic testing currently requires installation of two perpendicularly mounted, single-axis balances; consequently, force components must be sensed at two distinct locations. A two-axis instrument developed at the Langley Research Center to overcome this disadvantage allows measurement of a two-dimensional force at one location. This paper describes a feedback-controlled nulling circuit developed for the NASA two-axis balance which, without external compensation, is inherently unstable because of its low friction mechanical design. Linear multivariable control theory is applied to an experimentally validated mathematical model of the balance to synthesize a state-variable feedback control law. Pole placement techniques and computer simulation studies are employed to select eigenvalues which provide ideal transient response with decoupled sensing dynamics.

Le fictif et le réel dans L’Empereur et l’assassin de Chen Kaige

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiaomin Giafferri

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Comme tout texte historique littéraire refait l’Histoire en la manipulant, le récit filmique est doublement mensongère du fait de sa double représentation : le décor et les acteurs représentent une situation qui est la fiction, et le film lui-même représente sous forme d’images juxtaposées cette première représentation. Sans vouloir faire la part du réel et de l’imaginaire, le présent travail tente de montrer comment, dans le film L’empereur et l’assassin de Chen Kaige, l’illusion de l’authenticité s’établit à travers les mécanismes de la fictionnalisation de l’Histoire. L’observation de leur manifestation est amenée à considérer deux axes principaux : l’organisation du récit et la mise en scène des personnages.

Le point sur le sida, l'alimentation et la nutrition | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

agriculture et l'alimentation ( FAO ), Stuart Gillespie a passé six mois à étudier le lien entre le VIH/sida et la sécurité alimentaire. Il a vite compris que l'épidémie risquait d'avoir, à long terme, des répercussions désastreuses sur la ...

Le FIE 2008 fait avancer le cadre écobiosocial de l'OMS | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 mai 2011 ... Le Programme spécial de recherche et de formation concernant les maladies tropicales (TDR) de l'OMS a élaboré le concept du champ « écobiosocial », qui combine les perspectives écologiques, biologiques et sociales « pour mieux comprendre la dynamique des maladies infectieuses à transmission ...

Le vase de Pandore

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicola Panichi

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Il s’agit ici de suivre les stratégies discursives par lesquelles Érasme situe sa Lingua sous le patronage symbolique de deux mythes des plus opératoires à la Renaissance : le vase de Pandore et la tour de Babel, tous deux verrouillant le texte, l’un en guise d’incipit, l’autre d’explicit, dans un dialogue où chacun use de l’autre pour renforcer les significations et instaurer le régime sémantique du texte, tant linguistique qu’éthique. Ce sont ces jeux complexes entre différents niveaux de discours dont dépend le sens ultime de l’œuvre que cet article s’attache à saisir.Se trata de seguir aquí las estrategias discursivas mediante las cuales Erasmo sitúa su Lingua bajo el dominio simbólico de dos de los mitos más funcionales del Renacimiento: el vaso de Pandora y la torre de Babel, los cuales limitan el texto, uno a modo de íncipit, otro de excipit, en un diálogo en el que se valen el uno del otro para reforzar los significados y establecer el régimen semántico del texto, tanto lingüístico como ético. Son esos juegos complejos entre diferentes niveles de discurso, de los que depende el sentido último de la obra, que este artículo intenta captar.

Le rôle de l'information en droit des entreprises en difficulté

OpenAIRE

Ould Eba, Moussa

2013-01-01

L’information est un moyen de gestion fiable et une garantie indispensable pour la protection des intérêts des acteurs de l’activité économique. Elle joue un rôle important dans la prévention et le traitement des difficultés des entreprises. En effet, à la lumière des informations comptables, financières et sociales, les dirigeants peuvent prévenir les difficultés et prendre les décisions adaptées à la situation de l’entreprise. Toutefois, en cas de procédures collectives, le besoin de protec...

Network thermodynamic approach compartmental analysis. Na+ transients in frog skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Mikulecky, D C; Huf, E G; Thomas, S R

1979-01-01

We introduce a general network thermodynamic method for compartmental analysis which uses a compartmental model of sodium flows through frog skin as an illustrative example (Huf and Howell, 1974a). We use network thermodynamics (Mikulecky et al., 1977b) to formulate the problem, and a circuit simulation program (ASTEC 2, SPICE2, or PCAP) for computation. In this way, the compartment concentrations and net fluxes between compartments are readily obtained for a set of experimental conditions involving a square-wave pulse of labeled sodium at the outer surface of the skin. Qualitative features of the influx at the outer surface correlate very well with those observed for the short circuit current under another similar set of conditions by Morel and LeBlanc (1975). In related work, the compartmental model is used as a basis for simulation of the short circuit current and sodium flows simultaneously using a two-port network (Mikulecky et al., 1977a, and Mikulecky et al., A network thermodynamic model for short circuit current transients in frog skin. Manuscript in preparation; Gary-Bobo et al., 1978). The network approach lends itself to computation of classic compartmental problems in a simple manner using circuit simulation programs (Chua and Lin, 1975), and it further extends the compartmental models to more complicated situations involving coupled flows and non-linearities such as concentration dependencies, chemical reaction kinetics, etc.

Skin graft

Science.gov (United States)

Skin transplant; Skin autografting; FTSG; STSG; Split thickness skin graft; Full thickness skin graft ... donor site. Most people who are having a skin graft have a split-thickness skin graft. This takes ...

Fish skin as a model membrane: structure and characteristics.

Science.gov (United States)

Konrádsdóttir, Fífa; Loftsson, Thorsteinn; Sigfússon, Sigurdur Dadi

2009-01-01

Synthetic and cell-based membranes are frequently used during drug formulation development for the assessment of drug availability. However, most of the currently used membranes do not mimic mucosal membranes well, especially the aqueous mucous layer of the membranes. In this study we evaluated catfish (Anarichas lupus L) skin as a model membrane. Permeation of hydrocortisone, lidocaine hydrochloride, benzocaine, diethylstilbestrol, naproxen, picric acid and sodium nitrate through skin from a freshly caught catfish was determined in Franz diffusion cells. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules permeate through catfish skin via hydrated channels or aqueous pores. No correlation was observed between the octanol/water partition coefficient of the permeating molecules and their permeability coefficient through the skin. Permeation through catfish skin was found to be diffusion controlled. The results suggest that permeation through the fish skin proceeds via a diffusion-controlled process, a process that is similar to drug permeation through the aqueous mucous layer of a mucosal membrane. In addition, the fish skin, with its collagen matrix structure, appears to possess similar properties to the eye sclera.

Skin-friction drag reduction in turbulent channel flow based on streamwise shear control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jung Hoon; Lee, Jae Hwa

2017-01-01

Highlights: • We perform DNSs of fully developed turbulent channel flows to explore an active flow control concept using streamwise velocity shear control at the wall. • The structural spacing and wall amplitude parameters are systematically changed to achieve a high-efficient drag reduction rate for longitudinal control surface. • Significant drag reduction is observed with an increase in the two parameters with an accompanying reduction of the Reynolds stresses and vorticity fluctuations. • The generation and evolution of the turbulent vortices in the absence of velocity shear and how they contribute to DR have been examined. - Abstract: It is known that stretching and intensification of a hairpin vortex by mean shear play an important role to create a hairpin vortex packet, which generates the large Reynolds shear stress associated with skin-friction drag in wall-bounded turbulent flows. In order to suppress the mean shear at the wall for high efficient drag reduction (DR), in the present study, we explore an active flow control concept using streamwise shear control (SSC) at the wall. The longitudinal control surface is periodically spanwise-arranged with no-control surface while varying the structural spacing, and an amplitude parameter for imposing the strength of the actuating streamwise velocity at the wall is introduced to further enhance the skin-friction DR. Significant DR is observed with an increase in the two parameters with an accompanying reduction of the Reynolds stresses and vorticity fluctuations, although a further increase in the parameters amplifies the turbulence activity in the near-wall region. In order to study the direct relationship between turbulent vortical structures and DR under the SSC, temporal evolution with initial eddies extracted by conditional averages for Reynolds-stress-maximizing Q2 events are examined. It is shown that the generation of new vortices is dramatically inhibited with an increase in the parameters

Le cerveau sous effet placebo

OpenAIRE

Touzet , Claude

2017-01-01

International audience; Comment le fait de croire qu’on nous injecte de la morphine (alors qu’il s’agit de sérum physiologique) peut-il faire disparaître la douleur ? Investigation sur le cerveau sous placebo.

Levantamiento de Procesos del Hospital León Becerra de Guayaquil

OpenAIRE

Maya Valdano, Leonardo Antonio; Medina Chávez, Marianela Sofía; Tigreros Arreaga, Dayse Mariana; Dávila Pérez, Johanna Alejandra

2012-01-01

En la presente investigación se desarrolló un modelo de gestión basado en procesos que le permite al Hospital León Becerra aumentar la competitividad e incrementar la calidad de los servicios de salud puesto que el entorno nacional del sector de la salud demanda cambios en la gestión de las entidades hospitalarias, de tal manera que sus estructuras, procesos y procedimientos se acoplen a las exigencias de entidades de control a nivel nacional por el Ministerio de Salud Pública e internacional...

Indoor tanning in businesses and homes and risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in two US case-control studies

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrucci, Leah M.; Vogel, Rachel Isaksson; Cartmel, Brenda; Lazovich, DeAnn; Mayne, Susan T.

2014-01-01

Background Indoor tanning increases skin cancer risk. Beyond early research describing melanoma and sun lamps, few recent reports describe where individuals indoor tan and whether skin cancer risk varies by location (business, home-based). Objective Assess where individuals tanned indoors and skin cancer risk by tanning device location. Methods Multivariate logistic regression in two US case-control studies of melanoma (1,161 cases, 1,083 controls, ages 25–59) and early-onset basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (375 cases, 382 controls, under age 40) conducted between 2004 and 2010. Results Most indoor tanners (86.4–95.1%), especially younger individuals, tanned exclusively in businesses. Persons who used indoor tanning exclusively in businesses were at increased risk of melanoma (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.47–2.26) and BCC (OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.15–2.48) compared to non-users. Melanoma risk was also increased in the small number who reported tanning indoors only at home relative to non-users (OR=4.14, 95% CI=1.75–9.78); 67.6% used sun lamps. Limitations Self-reported tanning, potential recall bias. Conclusion Business only tanning, despite claims of “safe" tanning, was positively associated with a significant risk of melanoma and BCC. Home tanning was uncommon and mostly from sun lamps which were rarely used by younger participants. Regardless of location, indoor tanning was associated with increased risk of skin cancer. PMID:25062934

Speed Control of Pipeline Pig Using the QFT Method Contrôle de la vitesse d’un racleur grâce à la méthode de synthèse QFT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirshamsi M.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available To provide an efficient inspection of pipeline, pigging operations must be executed at a constant speed. This paper presents an efficient and simple method based on Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT, which is a well-known robust controller scheme, for speed control of a pig with bypass flow in a liquid pipeline. This classical-type controller commands the valve installed in the body of the pig to open or close. Then, the pig is controlled using the amount of bypass flow across its body. For this purpose, the nonlinear dynamic equation of motion of the pig is converted to a family of linear uncertain equivalent plants using Sobhani-Rafeeyan’s method (SR method. Then, for this family of uncertain equivalent plants, a QFT-type controller is synthesized. The presented method is developed for two-dimensional pipelines in two cases. The designed controllers are simulated numerically using the Simulink toolbox of the MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the designed controller can be used for speed control of the pig with good performance when it runs in the liquid pipelines. Pour qu’une inspection de pipeline soit efficace, l’opération de raclage doit être réalisée à vitesse constante. Cet article présente une méthode simple et efficace fondée sur la théorie QFT (Quantitative Feedback Theory, système de régulation robuste bien connu, permettant de contrôler la vitesse d’un racleur avec bypass dans un oléoduc. Ce régulateur classique commande l’ouverture ou la fermeture d’une soupape installée sur le racleur. Le racleur est ensuite contrôlé grâce au volume de fluide qui le traverse. Pour cela, l’équation dynamique non linéaire du mouvement du racleur est convertie en un ensemble de structures linéaires instables équivalentes via la méthode Sobhani-Rafeeyan (méthode SR. Puis, un régulateur de type QFT est synthétisé. La méthode présentée est conçue pour des pipelines bidimensionnels dans deux

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31 décembre 2013

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sophie Comeau

31 déc. 2013 ... IFRS 9 – Instruments financiers. Le CNCI a l'intention de remplacer la norme IAS 39 – Instruments financiers : comptabilisation et évaluation par la norme IFRS 9. La nouvelle norme guide la classification, la comptabilisation, la décomptabilisation et l'évaluation des actifs et des passifs financiers. Le Centre ...

Can the Hydroxyapatite-Coated Skin-Penetrating Abutment for Bone Conduction Hearing Implants Integrate with the Surrounding Skin?

Science.gov (United States)

van Hoof, Marc; Wigren, Stina; Duimel, Hans; Savelkoul, Paul H M; Flynn, Mark; Stokroos, Robert Jan

2015-01-01

Percutaneous implants, such as bone conduction hearing implants, suffer from complications that include inflammation of the surrounding skin. A sealed skin-abutment interface can prevent the ingress of bacteria, which should reduce the occurrence of peri-abutment dermatitis. It was hypothesized that a hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated abutment in conjunction with soft tissue preservation surgery should enable integration with the adjacent skin. Previous research has confirmed that integration is never achieved with as-machined titanium abutments. Here, we investigate, in vivo, if skin integration is achievable in patients using a HA-coated abutment. One titanium abutment (control) and one HA-coated abutment (case) together with the surrounding skin were surgically retrieved from two patients who had a medical indication for this procedure. Histological sections of the skin were investigated using light microscopy. The abutment was qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The titanium abutment only had a partial and thin layer of attached amorphous biological material. The HA-coated abutment was almost fully covered by a pronounced thick layer of organized skin, composed of different interconnected structural layers. Proof-of-principle evidence that the HA-coated abutment can achieve integration with the surrounding skin was presented for the first time.

The effects of mucopolysaccharide polysulphate on hydration and elasticity of human skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima; Eimpunth, Sasima; Manuskiatti, Woraphong

2011-01-01

Background. Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate (MPS) has been used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent for over 50 years. Its chemical structure permits considerable hydrogen bonding with adjacent water molecules, which effectively leads to hydration of the surrounding tissue. In addition, it stimulates endogenous hyaluronate synthesis, resulting in an increase in water-binding capacity and viscoelasticity of the skin. Objective. To study the efficacy of 0.1% MPS on hydration and elasticity of human skin. Methods. The first part of this study was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study which included 60 female volunteers aged 30-45 years with dry skin, defined by Corneometer CM 825. The volunteers were treated with either 0.1% MPS or vehicle control. All subjects were asked to apply 1 g of cream to their face twice daily for a total period of 4 weeks. Skin hydration and elasticity were measured at baseline and week 4 with Corneometer CM 825 and cutometer MPA 580, respectively, at forehead and both cheeks. The second part of this study focused on the efficacy of 0.1% MPS on skin hydration after single application. 20 female volunteers aged 30-45 years with dry skin, defined by Corneometer CM 825, were recruited to the study. All subjects were asked to apply 2 g of 0.1% MPS cream on entirely randomly selected forearm. Skin hydration at the middle of both forearms was measured at baseline, immediately after application, and every 1 hour after application for a period of 10 hours. Results. 57 subjects (28 in vehicle control group, 29 in MPS) completed treatment protocol. The baseline skin hydration of both groups was not significantly different (P = 0.47). Hower, there was a statistically significant difference in skin hydration at 4 weeks between MPS and placebo group (P = 0.01). Skin elasticity was significantly improved at week 4 in both groups (vehicle-control, P skin elasticity between MPS and vehicle-control group

Protocole d'entente entre le gouvernement de l'Inde et le CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 févr. 2018 ... Ce protocole d'entente réaffirme un engagement commun envers les données probantes et l'innovation en Inde en vue de favoriser le progrès social et ... Des chercheurs appuyés par le CRDI parlent de leurs expériences au Comité sur les ONG lors du forum de la Commission de la condition de la femme.

Skin Diseases: Cross-section of human skin

Science.gov (United States)

Skip Navigation Bar Home Current Issue Past Issues Skin Diseases Cross-section of human skin Past Issues / Fall 2008 Table of Contents For ... Logical Images, Inc. I n the areas of skin health and skin diseases, the NIH's National Institute ...

Safety of radiofrequency treatment over human skin previously injected with medium-term injectable soft-tissue augmentation materials: a controlled pilot trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Alam, Murad; Levy, Ross; Pajvani, Urvi; Pavjani, Urvi; Ramierez, James A; Guitart, Joan; Veen, Heather; Gladstone, Hayes B

2006-03-01

Several soft-tissue augmentation materials are now available for reduction of nasolabial fold creases and perioral rhytides. Nasolabial folds and perioral rhytides can also be improved by skin tightening delivered by non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of RF treatment over skin areas recently injected with medium-term injectable soft-tissue augmentation materials. Five subjects were assigned to the experimental arm (augmentation materials plus RF) and one to the control arm (augmentation materials alone). Each subject received injections of 0.3 mL of hyaluronic acid derivative (Restylane) and calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) 3 cm apart on the upper inner arm. Two weeks later, two non-overlapping passes of RF (Thermage ThermaCool TC) were delivered at 63.5 setting with medium-fast 1.5 cm2 tip over injected sites in all of the experimental subjects. Punch skin biopsies were obtained 3 days later from each of the two injection sites on each subject. Light microscopy and digital photomicrographs obtained at low, medium, and high power showed no difference between filler materials in experimental and control subjects. In both cases filler was evident at the deep dermal-subcutaneous junction. Nodule formation, foreign body extravasation, or hemorrhage/clot was not observed grossly or histologically. Subjects and physicians did not report any difference in signs and symptoms between the experimental and control arms. Slightly increased transitory pain was noted when RF was delivered over filler versus over normal skin. Applying RF treatment over the same area 2 weeks after deep dermal injection with hyaluronic acid derivatives or calcium hydroxylapatite does not appear to cause gross morphological changes in the filler material or surrounding skin. Further studies with different parameters are necessary to confirm these findings. 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Le médicament générique au Maroc: le point de vue du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Le médicament générique est souvent une origine de préjugés négatifs et de méfiance chez les professionnels de santé et les patients. Ceci pourrait être dû à plusieurs facteurs entre autre le manque des connaissances du patient sur ces médicaments. Le but de notre étude était d'évaluer l'information du ...

Le CRDI au Bhoutan

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il en résulte des solutions locales, novatrices et durables, qui offrent des choix aux personnes qui en ont le plus besoin et font changer les choses. Centre de recherches pour le développement international. CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G 3H9. Pour en savoir plus, consulter la page. Web du Bureau régional de ...

Le CRDI au Kenya

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

afin d'y favoriser la croissance et le développement. Il en résulte des solutions novatrices et durables qui ont pour but d'améliorer les conditions de vie et les moyens de subsistance. Centre de recherches pour le développement international. CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G 3H9. Pour en savoir plus, consulter.

Le genre comme rapport d’inégalité sociale dans le discours publicitaire

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Claude Soulages

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Loin de se réduire à une simple transaction commerciale, une annonce publicitaire est un espace de croyances sur des identités, des rôles et des pratiques sociales. Au même titre que d’autres productions fictionnelles de la culture de masse, elle représente l’une des faces de ce miroir social alimenté par la circulation incessante d’attitudes et de croyances, affichant même s’il s’agit bien souvent pour cette dernière d’un positionnement ludique, un second monde peuplé par nos avatars. La publicité tout comme le fait la fiction télévisée définit l’horizon des possibles d’une communauté donnée. Ce qu’elles réalisent toutes deux c’est l’entrée de l’imaginaire dans le réel. Même si, à partir des années 70, s’opère un lent défigement des stéréotypes sexistes, le publicitaire ne se fera aucunement le porte-parole explicite d’une quelconque lutte féministe, il optera toujours pour une tactique ambivalente de double speak: des effets de décadrage mettant en exergue des situations délibérément décalées ou burlesques (Un homme qui change les couches de bébé! Un clown qui fait la lessive!, mais cristallisant des inégalités de rôles. En jouant tout à la fois sur le défigement et la réactivation des stéréotypes, c’est bien un rôle de passeur et de go between, qu’est assigné le publicitaire en se faisant l’arbitre ventriloque de ces conflits de légitimité et de construction identitaire qui agitent notre modernité.

An experimental stack for the control of uranium enrichment; Empilement pour le controle de l'enrichissement de l'uranium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailly du Bois, B; Raievski, V; Tretiakoff, O [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

An apparatus is described for controlling the enrichment of the uranium in a fuel element at all stages in its fabrication. The apparatus consists of a stack of graphite surrounded by cadmium, in which a thermal neutron density is maintained by a Ra-Be source placed in the stack. The fuel element to be controlled is placed in the stack at 16 cm from the cadmium wall and at 70 cm from the source. The fast neutrons produced in this fuel element are slowed down and detected by a BF{sub 3} counter placed in a second graphite stack adjacent to the first. The enrichment is obtained by comparing the counting rate measured with the element to be controlled, with that of a geometrically similar standard element, previously calibrated. (author) [French] On decrit un dispositif permettant de controler l'enrichissement de l'uranium contenu dans un element de combustible a tous les stades de sa fabrication. Le dispositif est constitue par un empilement de graphite entoure de cadnium dans lequel regne une densite de neutrons thermiques entretenus par une source de Ra-Be placee dans l'empilement. L'element de combustible a contr er est place dans cet empilement a 16 cm de la paroi de cadmium et a 70 cm de la source. Les neutrons rapides produits dans cet element de combustible sont ralentis et detectes par un compteur a BF{sub 3} place dans un deuxieme empilement de graphite contigu au premier. L'enrichissement est obtenu en comparant les taux de comptage mesures arec l'element a controler et un element standard geometriquement semblable, prealablement etalonne. (auteur)

Storicizzare le teorie psicocritiche

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Talamo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Le teorie psicoanalitiche della letteratura, dopo una fase di alterne fortune, sono oggi praticate da una cerchia di adepti sempre più ristretta. Le nuove koinè critico-teoriche tendono infatti a relegare la dottrina freudiana all’interno di un sapere letterario (e non interpretativo o a sostituire ad essa strumenti ritenuti più efficaci nella descrizione della sfera del mentale in letteratura (neuroestetica e neuronarratologia. La proposta storiografica che qui si avanza non vuole prendere parte in questo dibattito pro o contro la psicocritica, ma vuole leggere le proposte di teoria psicoanalitica della letteratura alla luce di una riflessione sul concetto di ibridazione, concetto sul quale queste teorie hanno costruito il loro confronto con i paradigmi teorici di volta in volta egemoni.

Mouse Genetic Models Reveal Surprising Functions of IκB Kinase Alpha in Skin Development and Skin Carcinogenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xia, Xiaojun [The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030 (United States); Park, Eunmi [Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 (United States); Fischer, Susan M. [Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78967 (United States); Hu, Yinling, E-mail: huy2@mail.nih.gov [Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701 (United States)

2013-02-15

Gene knockout studies unexpectedly reveal a pivotal role for IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) in mouse embryonic skin development. Skin carcinogenesis experiments show that Ikkα heterozygous mice are highly susceptible to chemical carcinogen or ultraviolet B light (UVB) induced benign and malignant skin tumors in comparison to wild-type mice. IKKα deletion mediated by keratin 5 (K5).Cre or K15.Cre in keratinocytes induces epidermal hyperplasia and spontaneous skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in Ikkα floxed mice. On the other hand, transgenic mice overexpressing IKKα in the epidermis, under the control of a truncated loricrin promoter or K5 promoter, develop normal skin and show no defects in the formation of the epidermis and other epithelial organs, and the transgenic IKKα represses chemical carcinogen or UVB induced skin carcinogenesis. Moreover, IKKα deletion mediated by a mutation, which generates a stop codon in the Ikkα gene, has been reported in a human autosomal recessive lethal syndrome. Downregulated IKKα and Ikkα mutations and deletions are found in human skin SCCs. The collective evidence not only highlights the importance of IKKα in skin development, maintaining skin homeostasis, and preventing skin carcinogenesis, but also demonstrates that mouse models are extremely valuable tools for revealing the mechanisms underlying these biological events, leading our studies from bench side to bedside.

Mouse Genetic Models Reveal Surprising Functions of IκB Kinase Alpha in Skin Development and Skin Carcinogenesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia, Xiaojun; Park, Eunmi; Fischer, Susan M.; Hu, Yinling

2013-01-01

Gene knockout studies unexpectedly reveal a pivotal role for IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) in mouse embryonic skin development. Skin carcinogenesis experiments show that Ikkα heterozygous mice are highly susceptible to chemical carcinogen or ultraviolet B light (UVB) induced benign and malignant skin tumors in comparison to wild-type mice. IKKα deletion mediated by keratin 5 (K5).Cre or K15.Cre in keratinocytes induces epidermal hyperplasia and spontaneous skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in Ikkα floxed mice. On the other hand, transgenic mice overexpressing IKKα in the epidermis, under the control of a truncated loricrin promoter or K5 promoter, develop normal skin and show no defects in the formation of the epidermis and other epithelial organs, and the transgenic IKKα represses chemical carcinogen or UVB induced skin carcinogenesis. Moreover, IKKα deletion mediated by a mutation, which generates a stop codon in the Ikkα gene, has been reported in a human autosomal recessive lethal syndrome. Downregulated IKKα and Ikkα mutations and deletions are found in human skin SCCs. The collective evidence not only highlights the importance of IKKα in skin development, maintaining skin homeostasis, and preventing skin carcinogenesis, but also demonstrates that mouse models are extremely valuable tools for revealing the mechanisms underlying these biological events, leading our studies from bench side to bedside

Predicting chemically-induced skin reactions. Part II: QSAR models of skin permeability and the relationships between skin permeability and skin sensitization

Science.gov (United States)

Alves, Vinicius M.; Muratov, Eugene; Fourches, Denis; Strickland, Judy; Kleinstreuer, Nicole; Andrade, Carolina H.; Tropsha, Alexander

2015-01-01

Skin permeability is widely considered to be mechanistically implicated in chemically-induced skin sensitization. Although many chemicals have been identified as skin sensitizers, there have been very few reports analyzing the relationships between molecular structure and skin permeability of sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The goals of this study were to: (i) compile, curate, and integrate the largest publicly available dataset of chemicals studied for their skin permeability; (ii) develop and rigorously validate QSAR models to predict skin permeability; and (iii) explore the complex relationships between skin sensitization and skin permeability. Based on the largest publicly available dataset compiled in this study, we found no overall correlation between skin permeability and skin sensitization. In addition, cross-species correlation coefficient between human and rodent permeability data was found to be as low as R2=0.44. Human skin permeability models based on the random forest method have been developed and validated using OECD-compliant QSAR modeling workflow. Their external accuracy was high (Q2ext = 0.73 for 63% of external compounds inside the applicability domain). The extended analysis using both experimentally-measured and QSAR-imputed data still confirmed the absence of any overall concordance between skin permeability and skin sensitization. This observation suggests that chemical modifications that affect skin permeability should not be presumed a priori to modulate the sensitization potential of chemicals. The models reported herein as well as those developed in the companion paper on skin sensitization suggest that it may be possible to rationally design compounds with the desired high skin permeability but low sensitization potential. PMID:25560673

APPLICATION OF THE HACCP METHOD IN THE SWINE ABATTOIR BY SCALDING-SKINNING ECOLOGICAL PROCESSING / APPLICATION DE LA METHODE HACCP DANS L’ABATTOIR PORCIN PAR LE PROCESSUS ECOLOGIQUE D’ÉCHAUDAGE-DÉPEÇAGE

OpenAIRE

IULIAN SUCEVEANU; IRINA-CLAUDIA ALEXA; LUMINITA GROSU; OANA-IRINA PATRICIU; IRINA IFRIM; MIRELA SUCEVEANU

2017-01-01

In the food industry development, the food safety and the valorization of by-products represent important aspects. The present study consists in the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) method in pig slaughterhouses for scalding-skinning technology in order to ensure the conformity of meat quality and the by-products management and recycling. In order to optimize the scalding-skinning process of swine, all the classical technological steps of the technological...

System Properties and Control of Turbocharged Diesel Engines with High-and Low-Pressure EGR Propriétés système et contrôle de moteurs Diesel turbocompressés avec EGR haute et basse pression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mrosek M.

2011-09-01

Full Text Available An extension of the air-and exhaust-system with a low-pressure EGR has the potential to significantly reduce the NOx emissions. Besides a cooled high-pressure EGR and the turbocharger with variable geometry turbine, the low-pressure EGR introduces an additional degree of freedom to control the cylinder charge. This increasing complexity of the air system can be handled with model based control structures and a model based controller calibration. Its static and dynamic properties are investigated. Besides the static couplings in the classical air path, additional couplings appear. A decentralised gain scheduled PI(D-control approach is chosen to control the variables air mass flow rate, high-pressure EGR mass flow rate and charge air pressure. An automated controller calibration, based on a semi-physical mean value model of reduced complexity, is presented. The controller maps depend on the engine operation point and are calibrated by a local linearisation of the semi-physical model. Further, a semi-physical control is capable to almost solely control the air mass flow rate via the low-pressure EGR actuators. This control implicitly accounts for couplings between charge air pressure, high-pressure EGR and the low-pressure EGR system. Finally testbed results are shown. Une extension du système d’air et d’échappement au moyen d’EGR basse pression peut potentiellement réduire significativement les émissions de NOx. À côté de l’EGR haute pression refroidi et du turbocompresseur à turbine à géométrie variable, l’EGR basse pression introduit un degré de liberté supplémentaire pour contrôler la charge du cylindre. Cette complexité croissante du système d’air peut être traitée à l’aide de structures de contrôle et d’un étalonnage de régulateur basés sur des modèles. Ses propriétés statiques et dynamiques sont étudiées. En dehors des couplages statiques dans la boucle d’air classique, des couplages

Dermal safety assessment of Arm & Hammer laundry products formulated for sensitive skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Frederick, Douglas M; Vorwerk, Linda; Gupta, Archana; Ghassemi, Annahita

2017-09-01

The prevalence of sensitive skin among the general population in industrialized countries is reported to be over 50%. Sensitive skin subjects often report significant reactions to contact with cosmetics, soaps and other consumer products. This paper describes the overall skin compatibility and mildness program for a newly developed, lightly fragranced, colorant free laundry product (i.e. Arm & Hammer™ Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent), specially formulated for individuals with sensitive skin. The skin mildness of the product was compared to Arm & Hammer™ Free & Clear liquid laundry detergent with no fragrance or colorant, and an established history of safe use by sensitive skin consumers. The test material was a liquid laundry product with a light scent formulated for sensitive skin consumers (Arm & Hammer™ Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent). The product was compared to commercially marketed products for sensitive skin with a history of skin safety in the marketplace, including: a very similar product formulation (Arm & Hammer™ Free & Clear with no fragrance), and several selected competitors' products. Studies were conducted among individuals with self-assessed sensitive skin (based on a questionnaire) using standard protocols for the Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT), 10-Day Cumulative Irritation, the Wrist Band Wear test, and the Safety In-Use testing. Responses in all protocols were evaluated by visual scoring of potential dermatologic reactions, and recording any sensory effects at the time of the examination. In addition, sensory effects collected from panelists' daily diaries were also evaluated. The HRIPT confirmed that neither the fragrance alone, nor the product formulation with fragrance, induced contact sensitization in sensitive skin subjects. The 10-Day cumulative irritation study conducted using sensitive skin subjects showed highly favorable skin compatibility, and the test product was comparable to the control

Skin-sparing Helical Tomotherapy vs 3D-conformal Radiotherapy for Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy: In Vivo Skin Dosimetry Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Capelle, Lisa; Warkentin, Heather; MacKenzie, Marc; Joseph, Kurian; Gabos, Zsolt; Pervez, Nadeem; Tankel, Keith; Chafe, Susan; Amanie, John; Ghosh, Sunita; Parliament, Matthew; Abdulkarim, Bassam

2012-01-01

Purpose: We investigated whether treatment-planning system (TPS)-calculated dose accurately reflects skin dose received for patients receiving adjuvant breast radiotherapy (RT) with standard three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT) or skin-sparing helical tomotherapy (HT). Methods and Materials: Fifty patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial investigating acute skin toxicity from adjuvant breast RT with 3D-CRT compared to skin-sparing HT, where a 5-mm strip of ipsilateral breast skin was spared. Thermoluminescent dosimetry or optically stimulated luminescence measurements were made in multiple locations and were compared to TPS-calculated doses. Skin dosimetric parameters and acute skin toxicity were recorded in these patients. Results: With HT there was a significant correlation between calculated and measured dose in the medial and lateral ipsilateral breast (r = 0.67, P V50 (1.4% vs 5.9%, respectively; P=.001) but higher skin V40 and skin V30 (71.7% vs 64.0%, P=.02; and 99.0% vs 93.8%, P=.001, respectively) than 3D-CRT plans. Conclusion: The 3D-CRT TPS more accurately reflected skin dose than the HT TPS, which tended to overestimate dose received by 14% in patients receiving adjuvant breast RT.

Le discours des Comices : un discours modèle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Herschberg Pierrot

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Dans un discours officiel, publié par le Journal de Rouen du 22 juillet 1853, Flaubert trouve une phrase du discours des Comices qu’il avait écrite la veille. Cet article présente et reproduit les discours cités par le Journal de Rouen.In an official speech, published in the Journal de Rouen on July 22nd 1853, Flaubert found a sentence from the Agricultural association (« Comices agricoles » speeches that he had actually written himself the previous evening. This article presents and reprints the speeches quoted by the Journal de Rouen.

The Clinical and Experimental Studies of ChanLe Chongji for Reducing Bleeding after Abortion

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

赵荣胜; 丁元珍; 胡燕尔

1999-01-01

ChanLe Chongji (ChanLe dissolvable granule preparation) is a mixed Chinese traditional medicine composed of Prunus persica Batsch, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica sinensis Diets, Typha angustifotia Borv. et Chaub. , Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.,etc. which could clear fever and remove blood stasis. The bleeding days in vagina after abortion by drug and the complete abortion rate were observed, 100cases were selected randomly from the treated group and the control group respectively. The results showed that the mean bleeding period in the treated group was 8. 4 days, while 13.3 days in the control. Although the mean complete abortion rate had no distinct difference between these two groups, the absolute level was higher in the treated group. The resuits of animal experiments showed that ChanLe Chongji could increase the contraction of uterus, stop bleeding, resist bacteria and diminish inflammation, thus providing its potentiality for clinical application.

Ceramide 1 and ceramide 3 act synergistically on skin hydration and the transepidermal water loss of sodium lauryl sulfate-irritated skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Huey-Chun; Chang, Tsong-Min

2008-08-01

Stratum corneum intercellular lipids, such as ceramides, play an important role in the regulation of skin water barrier homeostasis and water-holding capacity. Aim To evaluate the potential water retention capacity of control emulsion and three oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing ceramide 1, ceramide 3, or both. Fifteen healthy Asian women (age, 20-30 years) with healthy skin, pretreated with sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), applied the tested emulsions twice daily over a period of 28 days. Skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values were measured on the indicated days with a Corneometer(R)825 and a TEWAMETER TM210, respectively. The maximum increase in skin humidity was reached after 4 weeks, with values of 21.9 +/- 1.8% and 8.9 +/- 0.9% for emulsion C and control emulsion, respectively. The maximum decrease in TEWL was also reached after 4 weeks, with values of 36.7 +/- 4.7% and 5.1 +/- 0.8% for the same emulsions. It can be concluded that all the tested ceramide-containing emulsions improved skin barrier function when compared with untreated skin. There was some indication that ceramides 1 and 3 contained in emulsion C might exert a beneficial synergistic effect on skin biochemical properties, such as skin hydration and TEWL, and play a key role in the protection mechanism against SLS irritation.

Le Débat des semences

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Solutions pour les lois nationales régissant le contrôle des ressources génétiques et des ...... des pouvoirs) qui reconnaissent, dans une certaine mesure, les droits de gestion collectifs des ...... documentés, les performances physiques, etc.

Le rôle des chefs traditionnels au Ghana : un modèle inspirant ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Ray est également coordonnateur international du Traditional Authority ... Marketing social : le chef traditionnel acquiert une certaine expertise et ... Nadine Robitaille est rédactrice à la Division des communications du CRDI .

pour le trimestre qui a pris fin le 31 décembre 2012

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

acray

31 déc. 2012 ... -24,8 %. Contributions de bailleurs de fonds. Financement de la programmation en recherche pour le développement. 39 837. 11 122. 9 044. 11 376. -20,5 %. 29 081. 25 399. 25 400. 0,0 % ..... internationales d'information financière (normes IFRS) telles que publiées par le Conseil des normes comptables ...

Take Action to Protect Your Skin from the Sun | Poster

Science.gov (United States)

Soaking up the sun’s rays may give you a great tan, but it may increase your risk of skin cancer in the future. This is especially true if, for example, you have lighter skin or a family history of skin cancer. Any change to the color of your skin indicates damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays, which can lead to skin cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC),

Le CERN ouvre ses entrailles au public

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

"Le CERN se lance dans une grande opération de relations publiques pour son cinquantième anniversaire. Le centre de recherche organisera une journée portes ouvertes le 16 octobre. Quelque 50 sites pourrant être visités" (1/2 page)

Spiritual and religious aspects of skin and skin disorders

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shenefelt PD

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Philip D Shenefelt,1 Debrah A Shenefelt2 1Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, 2Congregation Or Ahavah, Lutz, FL, USA Abstract: Skin and skin disorders have had spiritual aspects since ancient times. Skin, hair, and nails are visible to self and others, and touchable by self and others. The skin is a major sensory organ. Skin also expresses emotions detectable by others through pallor, coldness, "goose bumps", redness, warmth, or sweating. Spiritual and religious significances of skin are revealed through how much of the skin has been and continues to be covered with what types of coverings, scalp and beard hair cutting, shaving and styling, skin, nail, and hair coloring and decorating, tattooing, and intentional scarring of skin. Persons with visible skin disorders have often been stigmatized or even treated as outcasts. Shamans and other spiritual and religious healers have brought about healing of skin disorders through spiritual means. Spiritual and religious interactions with various skin disorders such as psoriasis, leprosy, and vitiligo are discussed. Religious aspects of skin and skin diseases are evaluated for several major religions, with a special focus on Judaism, both conventional and kabbalistic. Keywords: skin, skin disorders, spiritual, religious

Le front oriental de Lille

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Étienne Poncelet

2011-06-01

Full Text Available De la porte d’eau de la Basse Deûle jusqu’au fort Saint-Sauveur, le front oriental de Lille, fortifié à l’époque espagnole, glisse ses courtines dans les entrelacs du périphérique et des gares. L’enjeu urbain actuel consiste à s’appuyer sur ces murs historiques pour « passer malgré tout » à travers cet écheveau urbain et retisser les fils de la continuité des promenades au cœur de la ville. Moins connus que le front occidental de la reine des citadelles, ces anciens espaces militaires sont une chance pour l’urbanisme de demain dont les opérations en cours de la Porte de Gand et de la Basse Deûle témoignent déjà.The east wall, at Lille, fortified during the period of Spanish occupation, extends from the Porte d'Eau de la Basse-Deûle to the Saint-Sauveur fort. Its curtain walls emerge today in a landscape of ring roads and railway territories. The issue today is to profit from these historic walls in order to make some sense of the urban chaos and to reinstate some urban continuity in the city-centre walkways. Although they are not as well known as the western wall of this major fortified city, these former military properties are an exciting opportunity for tomorrow's town-planners, as the operations already underway at the Porte de Gand et de la Basse Deûle suggest.

Le CRDI en Jordanie

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... dans les pays en développement afin d'y favoriser la croissance et le développement. Il en résulte des solutions novatrices et durables qui ont pour but d'améliorer les conditions de vie et les moyens de subsistance. Centre de recherches pour le développement international. CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G 3H9.

Le CRDI au Mali

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

de ces technologies et tentent de déterminer si un régime de microcrédit pourrait encourager leur adoption. On cherche par cela à accroître la sécurité alimentaire de même que le rendement des cultures de dolique, de sorgho et de mil. □ Menaces pesant sur les moyens de subsistance. Financement octroyé pour le Mali :.

Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on skin of guinea pig

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Wenwen; Chen Qiang; Li Peng; Ling Ling; Lin Xiaochen; Ren Shuping; Liu Yajuan; Li Yun

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the adverse effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B) on the skin of guinea pig. Methods: Guinea pig skin was irradiated with UV-B, the skin changes in external appearance, pathology, and the contents of OH and O 2 - produced in the skin were determined to study the adverse effects of UV-B on the guinea pig skin. Results: UV-B caused red swelling and desquamation of skin, with the increasing of the UV-B irradiation, the cells in stratum spinosum began to proliferate vigorously, the MDA and ROS contents in UVB radiation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: UV-B can cause injury to guinea pig skin and has the potential to produce skin cancer. (authors)

L'astronomie dans le monde

Science.gov (United States)

Manfroid, J.

2008-09-01

Fragmentation et astéroïdes binaires; Astéroïde géocroiseur triple; Rosetta sort de son hibernation; Messenger; Transit lunaire vu par Deep Impact; Titan; Phobos; Phoenix; Einstein avait raison; Le ballet des taches rouges; Le poids des lentilles;

Prends soin du métro. Le contrôle-soin, forme émergente des régulations et menaces souterraines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yves Jouffe

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Le métro de Santiago a subi une dégradation significative de ses conditions de transport du fait de son intégration au Transantiago, le réseau de bus urbains. L’opérateur du métro a donné beaucoup de visibilité à ses dispositifs de contrôle des nouvelles masses d’usagers : barrières optimisées, signalétique omniprésente, agents démultipliés, etc. L’étude du discours officiel de l’entreprise et surtout l’observation ethnographique de ces dispositifs révèlent que les modalités de contrôle ont elles-mêmes évoluées. En plus de la menace légale exercée contre les étrangers et de la régulation des flux par une discipline des corps, un contrôle-soin s’exerce sur une population à protéger : la population qui bénéficie du soin de l’opérateur lui est redevable d’un contre-soin. Le contrôle-soin constitue non seulement une modalité émergente de contrôle mais aussi la forme générale du contrôle dans le métro de Santiago.

Le harcèlement moral au travail

CERN Document Server

Hirigoyen, Marie-France

2017-01-01

Isoler, discréditer, déconsidérer le travail rendu, intimider, insulter... Les moyens sont nombreux, les conséquences dramatiques. En France, la reconnaissance du harcèlement moral et sa condamnation juridique sont venues changer le regard que portent les salariés sur certaines situations vécues et interpeller les entreprises quant à leurs méthodes de management. Que sait-on aujourd’hui sur le harcèlement au travail ? Quels en sont les effets sur les individus, leurs proches et la société ? Comment le punir ou le prévenir ? En décortiquant les mécanismes du harcèlement, ses origines et ses conséquences ainsi que les réponses qui y sont actuellement apportées en France comme à l’étranger, cet ouvrage fait le point sur un fléau de nos sociétés narcissiques.

Le LHC, un tunnel cosmique

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2009-01-01

Et si la lumière au bout du tunnel du LHC était cosmique ? En d’autres termes, qu’est-ce que le LHC peut nous apporter dans la connaissance de l’Univers ? Car la montée en énergie des accélérateurs de particules nous permet de mieux appréhender l’univers primordial, chaud et dense. Mais dans quel sens dit-on que le LHC reproduit des conditions proches du Big bang ? Quelles informations nous apporte-t-il sur le contenu de l’Univers ? La matière noire est-elle détectable au LHC ? L’énergie noire ? Pourquoi l’antimatière accumulée au CERN est-elle si rare dans l’Univers ? Et si le CERN a bâti sa réputation sur l’exploration des forces faibles et fortes qui opèrent au sein des atomes et de leurs noyaux, est-ce que le LHC peut nous apporter des informations sur la force gravitationnelle qui gouverne l’évolution cosmique ? Depuis une trentaine d’années, notre compréhension de l’univers dans ses plus grandes dimensions et l’appréhension de son comportement aux plus peti...

EVITA-a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, randomized phase II trial of vitamin K1 cream as prophylaxis for cetuximab-induced skin toxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Hofheinz, R-D; Lorenzen, S; Trojan, J; Ocvirk, J; Ettrich, T J; Al-Batran, S-E; Schulz, H; Homann, N; Feustel, H-P; Schatz, M; Kripp, M; Schulte, N; Tetyusheva, M; Heeger, S; Vlassak, S; Merx, K

2018-04-01

Acne-like skin rash is a frequently occurring adverse event associated with drugs against the epidermal growth factor receptor. This randomized vehicle-controlled study investigated the addition of vitamin K1 cream to doxycycline in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. Patients receiving first-line cetuximab + FOLFIRI were randomly assigned to prophylactic treatment with doxycylin and vitamin K1 cream or doxycycline and the vehicle. The primary end point of the study was the incidence of grade ≥ 2 skin rash (NCI CTCAE version 4.02) during 8 weeks of skin treatment. Secondary end points comprised skin rash according to a more thorough tripartite skin toxicity score (WoMo), quality of life, efficacy, and compliance. The study had 80% power to show a 20% reduction of the incidence of grade ≥ 2 skin rash. A total of 126 patients were analyzed. The incidence of skin rash grade ≥ 2 was comparable between the arms. Likewise, no difference was seen in the WoMo score with respect to the percentage of skin affected. However, starting in week 5 and increasing over time patients treated with vitamin K1 cream had less severe rash and fewer fissures. Quality of life as well as efficacy and compliance with study medication and anticancer treatment was comparable in both arms. The primary end point of decreasing grade ≥ 2 skin rash was not met. However, using vitamin K1 cream as part of prophylactic treatment decreased the severity of acne-like skin rash according to WoMo, an alternative and more thorough skin toxicity scoring tool.

Tissue engineered skin substitutes created by laser-assisted bioprinting form skin-like structures in the dorsal skin fold chamber in mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefanie Michael

Full Text Available Tissue engineering plays an important role in the production of skin equivalents for the therapy of chronic and especially burn wounds. Actually, there exists no (cellularized skin equivalent which might be able to satisfactorily mimic native skin. Here, we utilized a laser-assisted bioprinting (LaBP technique to create a fully cellularized skin substitute. The unique feature of LaBP is the possibility to position different cell types in an exact three-dimensional (3D spatial pattern. For the creation of the skin substitutes, we positioned fibroblasts and keratinocytes on top of a stabilizing matrix (Matriderm®. These skin constructs were subsequently tested in vivo, employing the dorsal skin fold chamber in nude mice. The transplants were placed into full-thickness skin wounds and were fully connected to the surrounding tissue when explanted after 11 days. The printed keratinocytes formed a multi-layered epidermis with beginning differentiation and stratum corneum. Proliferation of the keratinocytes was mainly detected in the suprabasal layers. In vitro controls, which were cultivated at the air-liquid-interface, also exhibited proliferative cells, but they were rather located in the whole epidermis. E-cadherin as a hint for adherens junctions and therefore tissue formation could be found in the epidermis in vivo as well as in vitro. In both conditions, the printed fibroblasts partly stayed on top of the underlying Matriderm® where they produced collagen, while part of them migrated into the Matriderm®. In the mice, some blood vessels could be found to grow from the wound bed and the wound edges in direction of the printed cells. In conclusion, we could show the successful 3D printing of a cell construct via LaBP and the subsequent tissue formation in vivo. These findings represent the prerequisite for the creation of a complex tissue like skin, consisting of different cell types in an intricate 3D pattern.

Le plurilinguisme du perroquet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Mühlbacher

2012-05-01

Full Text Available La figure du perroquet occupe une position ambiguë face à la question de la traduction. Il est capable d’imiter des paroles en toutes les langues, mais il n’est capable d’en comprendre aucune — il ne peut que répéter des sons, c’est-à-dire des signifiants. Le traducteur semble faire le contraire quand il passe d’une langue à une autre en tâchant de transmettre une signification semblable par d’autres signes. L’article vise à discuter le rôle du traducteur et sa relation, éventuellement équivoque, au perroquet, en analysant la traduction allemande de Trois Contes par André Stoll et Cora van Kleffens. Un décalage au niveau sémantique peut éclairer l’interprétation du texte, par exemple en explicitant des allusions sous-jacentes, tandis que le transfert de la syntaxe française en allemand pose souvent des problèmes considérables. Comment le traducteur peut-il reproduire des structures syntaxiques qui n’existent pas en allemand, mais qui ne cessent de revenir dans le texte français ? Que faire si le texte se met à jouer au perroquet et finit par se singer lui-même ? André Stoll et Cora van Kleffens ont su trouver des stratégies pour affronter ces difficultés.The figure of the parrot holds an ambiguous position towards the question of translation. It is able to imitate all languages, but it will never understand any of them – its only skill is to mimic sounds, i.e. mere signifiers. On the contrary, the translator seems to be the antithesis of the parrot when he moves from one language to another. He endeavours to convey a similar meaning, but by different signs. The article aims at discussing the role of the translator and his or her eventually equivocal relation to the parrot by means of analysing the German translation of Trois Contes by André Stoll and Cora van Kleffens. Whereas a semantic divergence can result in a different tendency on the level of interpretation, as in the case of an underlying

Évaluation spatiale et prospectives sur le risque de pollution diffuse par le nitrate sur le bassin versant de la Bultière

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LE FLAHEC, François

2015-06-01

Full Text Available En France, la protection des captages d'eau potable est une préoccupation majeure : le Grenelle Environnement a identifié plus de cinq cents sites menacés par les pollutions diffuses, d'où la nécessité de mettre en place des plans d'action pour les protéger. En Vendée, dans le bassin versant de la Bultière, confronté à des rejets importants de nitrate, une étude par modélisation agronomique et hydrologique a été mise en œuvre avec le logiciel Swat, un outil alliant analyse spatiale et simulation, qui doit permettre de donner des orientations et de prioriser des solutions.

Effect on skin hydration of using baby wipes to clean the napkin area of newborn babies: assessor-blinded randomised controlled equivalence trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Lavender, Tina; Furber, Christine; Campbell, Malcolm; Victor, Suresh; Roberts, Ian; Bedwell, Carol; Cork, Michael J

2012-06-01

Some national guidelines recommend the use of water alone for napkin cleansing. Yet, there is a readiness, amongst many parents, to use baby wipes. Evidence from randomised controlled trials, of the effect of baby wipes on newborn skin integrity is lacking. We conducted a study to examine the hypothesis that the use of a specifically formulated cleansing wipe on the napkin area of newborn infants (skin hydration when compared with using cotton wool and water (usual care). A prospective, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled equivalence trial was conducted during 2010. Healthy, term babies (n=280), recruited within 48 hours of birth, were randomly assigned to have their napkin area cleansed with an alcohol-free baby wipe (140 babies) or cotton wool and water (140 babies). Primary outcome was change in hydration from within 48 hours of birth to 4 weeks post-birth. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in trans-epidermal water loss, skin surface pH and erythema, presence of microbial skin contaminants/irritants at 4 weeks and napkin dermatitis reported by midwife at 4 weeks and mother during the 4 weeks. Complete hydration data were obtained for 254 (90.7 %) babies. Wipes were shown to be equivalent to water and cotton wool in terms of skin hydration (intention-to-treat analysis: wipes 65.4 (SD 12.4) vs. water 63.5 (14.2), p=0.47, 95% CI -2.5 to 4.2; per protocol analysis: wipes 64.6 (12.4) vs. water 63.6 (14.3), p=0.53, 95% CI -2.4 to 4.2). No significant differences were found in the secondary outcomes, except for maternal-reported napkin dermatitis, which was higher in the water group (p=0.025 for complete responses). Baby wipes had an equivalent effect on skin hydration when compared with cotton wool and water. We found no evidence of any adverse effects of using these wipes. These findings offer reassurance to parents who choose to use baby wipes and to health professionals who support their use. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN86207019.

Le point sur les données ouvertes : réflexion sur leur rôle en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'ouverture de portails gouvernementaux de données ouvertes aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni en 2009 a été le fer de lance d'un mouvement mondial qui, près de dix ans plus tard, a été adopté par des dirigeants du monde entier, comme le montrent les objectifs de développement durable, l'accord de Paris sur le ...

Skin innate immune system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berna Aksoy

2013-06-01

Full Text Available All multicellular organisms protect themselves from external universe and microorganisms by innate immune sytem that is constitutively present. Skin innate immune system has several different components composed of epithelial barriers, humoral factors and cellular part. In this review information about skin innate immune system and its components are presented to the reader. Innate immunity, which wasn’t adequately interested in previously, is proven to provide a powerfull early protection system, control many infections before the acquired immunity starts and directs acquired immunity to develop optimally

Le massacre de la mariée

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bastiaan van der Velden

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Le Massacre des innocents a été pour Marcel Duchamp l’une de ses sources en composant Le Grand Verre. Ce ‘massacre’ est dans ce cas plus précisément une attraction foraine. D’autre part l’infanticide à Bethlehem constitue un sujet maintes fois représenté par différents peintres. Pour Alfred Jarry, auteur littéraire et de théâtre qui a plus particulièrement inspiré Duchamp, le tableau Le Massacre des innocents de Breughel l’Ancien était une pièce clé qui lui permettait de démontrer pourquoi il rejetait l’art historisant en peinture et dans le théâtre.

Vers une plus grande collaboration régionale — le CRDI appuie le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

26 janv. 2011 ... Richard Fuchs croit que les gens qui veulent comprendre comment le monde évolue devraient jeter un coup d'oeil à la vague de transformations qui déferle sur ... Bien qu'ils aient souvent de la difficulté à se démarquer face à la véritable dynamo économique qu'est la Chine, des pays tels que le Laos, ...

Peut-on voyager dans le temps ?

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2008-01-01

La possibilité de voyager dans le temps est régulièrement évoquée par les magazines scientifiques (et parfois même par les scientifiques). Elle est également le sujet de nombreux romans de science-fiction. Nous discuterons d’abord du sens qu’on peut donner à l’expression « voyager dans le temps », puis nous expliciterons ce que la physique contemporaine dit à ce propos.

Le CRDI à la COP23 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En collaboration avec ses bénéficiaires et partenaires, le CRDI anime et participe à une série d'activités et d'événements durant la COP23, y compris des événements parallèles officiels de la CCNUCC et des groupes d'experts, des groupes de discussion, des ateliers et la 15e édition des Journées sur le développement et ...

Le rôle du récit de vie dans le discours politique de Lula The role of Lula’s Life Story in his Political Speeches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ida Lucia Machado

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article propose une réflexion sur le rôle du récit de vie dans les discours politiques, et plus précisément dans les discours d’investiture à la présidence du Brésil de Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva. Il analyse quelques fragments qui mêlent expressément des souvenirs de sa vie passée aux discours politiques d’actualité, mais aussi qui font allusion à sa vie de façon indirecte. Dans le premier discours, Lula se présente comme un personnage de l’histoire, un « il » qui veut travailler pour la collectivité ; néanmoins, les allusions à sa trajectoire de vie le légitiment comme celui qui peut promouvoir le changement requis par le peuple. Dans le second discours, Lula utilise depuis le début un « je » ancré dans sa propre histoire : sa « petite » histoire personnelle semble ainsi s’incorporer à la « grande » histoire d’une nation. En ce sens, le récit de vie comprend une dimension argumentative qui permet de construire un ethos présidentiel par le jeu qu’il instaure entre l’individuel et le collectif, créant ainsi un effet de pathos qui appelle à l’identification. On s’interroge dans ce cadre sur la question du populisme dans son rapport aux stratégies de captation propres au discours politique.This paper analyzes fragments of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s inaugural speeches. Lula da Silva served as the President of Brazil for two consecutive terms in office. In his first inaugural speech, Lula da Silva refers to himself as a historical character, and uses the pronoun “he” (or “not-I”, a “he” at the service of the community. However, his path in life, mentioned in a single paragraph, legitimizes him as someone who is able to bring forward the changes demanded by the people. From the beginning of his second inaugural speech, Lula da Silva uses the pronoun “I”, which points to his own story: therefore, his “small, personal story” seems to be embedded into the

Le CRDI en Afghanistan

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Depuis près de 40 ans, le CRDI collabore étroitement avec les chercheurs des pays en développement et les appuie dans leur quête de moyens de créer des sociétés en meilleure santé, plus équitables et plus prospères. Centre de recherches pour le développement international. CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G ...

β-adrenergic blockade does not impair the skin blood flow sensitivity to local heating in burned and non-burned skin under neutral and hot environments in children

Science.gov (United States)

Rivas, Eric; McEntire, Serina J.; Herndon, David N.; Mlcak, Ronald P.; Suman, Oscar E.

2017-01-01

Objective Tested the hypothesis that propranolol, a drug given to burn patients to reduce hypermetabolism/cardiac stress, may inhibit heat dissipation by changing the sensitivity of skin blood flow (SkBF) to local heating under neutral and hot conditions. Methods In a randomized double-blind study, a placebo was given to 8 burned children while propranolol was given to 13 burned children with similar characteristics (mean ± SD: 11.9±3y, 147±20cm, 45±23kg, 56±12% TBSA). Non-burned children (n=13, 11.4±3y, 152±15cm, 52±13kg) served as healthy controls. A progressive local heating protocol characterized SkBF responses in burned and unburned skin and non-burned control skin under the two environmental conditions (23°C and 34°C) via laser-Doppler flowmetry. Results Resting SkBF was greater in burned and unburned skin compared to the non-burned control (main effect: skin, Pburned; 38±36 unburned vs 9±8 control %SkBFmax). No difference was found for maximal SkBF capacity to local heating between groups. Additionally, dose response curves for the sensitivity of SkBF to local heating were not different among burned or unburned skin, and non-burned control skin (EC50, P>0.05) under either condition. Conclusion Therapeutic propranolol does not negatively affect SkBF under neutral or hot environmental conditions and further compromise temperature regulation in burned children. PMID:28071840

Technique of nuclear reactors controls; Technique des controles des reacteurs nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weill, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1953-12-15

This report deal about 'Techniques of control of the nuclear reactors' in the goal to achieve the control of natural uranium reactors and especially the one of Saclay. This work is mainly about the measurement into nuclear parameters and go further in the measurement of thermodynamic variables,etc... putting in relief the new features required on behalf of the detectors because of their use in the thermal neutrons flux. In the domain of nuclear measurement, we indicate the realizations and the results obtained with thermal neutron detectors and for the measurement of ionizations currents. We also treat the technical problem of the start-up of a reactor and of the reactivity measurement. We give the necessary details for the comprehension of all essential diagrams and plans put on, in particular, for the reactor of Saclay. (author) [French] Nous avons aborde le probleme de la ''Technique du Controle des reacteurs nucleaires'' dans le but de realiser le controle du reacteur de Saclay. C'est ainsi que nous avons ete amene a etudier le probleme dans son ensemble, tel qu'il se pose pour tout reacteur a uranium naturel. Ce travail traite principalement du domaine des mesures a caractere nucleaire et s'etend dans le domaine des mesures thermodynamque de niveaux, etc... mettant en relief les caracteristiques nouvelles exigees de la part des detecteurs du fait de leur utilisation dans le flux de neutrons thermiques. Dans le domaine de mesures nucleaires, nous indiquons principalement les realisations et les resultats obtenus pour les detecteurs de neutrons thermiques et pour la mesure de courants d'ionisations. Nous traitons egalement du probleme technique du demarrage d'un reacteur et du probleme de la mesure de la reactivite. Nous donnons les details necessaires a la comrehension de tous les schemas et plans de cablages essentiels mis au point, en particulier, pour le reacteur de Saclay. (auteur)

Multispectral Video-Microscope Modified for Skin Diagnostics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubins U.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Commercial DinoLite AD413 digital microscope was modified for skin diagnostics purposes. The original LED ring (4 white and 4 ultraviolet light emitters of microscope was replaced by a custom-designed 16-LED ring module consisting of four LED groups (450, 545, 660 and 940 nm, and an onboard LED controller with USB hub was added. The video acquisition and LED switching are performed using custom-designed Matlab software which provides real-time spectral analysis of multi-spectral images and calculation of skin chromophore optical density. The developed multispectral video-microscope is mainly meant for diagnostics of skin malformations, e.g. skin cancerous lesions.

Equazioni: le icone del sapere

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bais, S.

2009-01-01

Il mistero del cosmo è scritto nel linguaggio della matematica, e le equazioni sono le frasi che ne esprimono la bellezza e la profondità. Cercare di spiegare la scienza senza equazioni è come cercare di spiegare l’arte senza illustrazioni: partendo da questo presupposto, Sander Bais presenta una

β-Adrenergic blockade does not impair the skin blood flow sensitivity to local heating in burned and nonburned skin under neutral and hot environments in children.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivas, Eric; McEntire, Serina J; Herndon, David N; Mlcak, Ronald P; Suman, Oscar E

2017-05-01

We tested the hypothesis that propranolol, a drug given to burn patients to reduce hypermetabolism/cardiac stress, may inhibit heat dissipation by changing the sensitivity of skin blood flow (SkBF) to local heating under neutral and hot conditions. In a randomized double-blind study, a placebo was given to eight burned children, while propranolol was given to 13 burned children with similar characteristics (mean±SD: 11.9±3 years, 147±20 cm, 45±23 kg, 56±12% Total body surface area burned). Nonburned children (n=13, 11.4±3 years, 152±15 cm, 52±13 kg) served as healthy controls. A progressive local heating protocol characterized SkBF responses in burned and unburned skin and nonburned control skin under the two environmental conditions (23 and 34°C) via laser Doppler flowmetry. Resting SkBF was greater in burned and unburned skin compared to the nonburned control (main effect: skin, Pburned; 38±36 unburned vs 9±8 control %SkBF max ). No difference was found for maximal SkBF capacity to local heating between groups. Additionally, dose-response curves for the sensitivity of SkBF to local heating were not different among burned or unburned skin, and nonburned control skin (EC 50 , P>.05) under either condition. Therapeutic propranolol does not negatively affect SkBF under neutral or hot environmental conditions and further compromise temperature regulation in burned children. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

La culture matérielle enfantine entre le cute et le cool

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilles Brougère

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article explore la façon dont on adresse un objet à l’enfant, c’est-à-dire la rhétorique à l’œuvre pour séduire les enfants (et les parents dans certains cas. Si l’éducation peut être présente pour certains produits, domine très largement aujourd’hui une rhétorique du fun, une association de l’objet à l’enfance via le divertissement et l’insertion dans une culture des pairs. Pour partie cet adressage se fait à travers l’utilisation de personnages ou d’univers sous licence qui proposent une rhétorique du fun prête à l’emploi. Mais l’analyse des univers disponibles montre que l’on peut décomposer le fun à travers deux pôles opposés, le cute, dont Hello Kitty constitue un exemple archétypal, et le cool, que Titeuf permet de saisir dans sa logique. A travers la distinction du cute et du cool, il s’agit de contribuer à l’analyse du déploiement contemporain d’une culture du divertissement qui est incorporée aux objets de l’enfance, tout en étant un moyen de capter l’intérêt de ceux-ci.

On Leśniewski’s Characteristica Universalis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Betti, A.

2010-01-01

Leśniewski's systems deviate greatly from standard logic in some basic features. The deviant aspects are rather well known, and often cited among the reasons why Leśniewski's work enjoys little recognition. This paper is an attempt to explain why those aspects should be there at all. Leśniewski

Le déficit de filles

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

de la population est une tendance plus récente. C. Le déficit de filles. Le déséquilibre du ratio hommes-femmes en Inde. D. R. O. I. T. S. D. E. S. F. E. M. M. E. S. E. T. P. A. R. T. IC. I. P. A. T. IO. N. C. I. T. O. Y. E. N. N. E. CENTRE DE. RECHERCHES. POUR LE. DÉVELOPPEMENT. INTERNATIONAL. CRDI : Jason Taylor ...

Le vide univers du tout et du rien

CERN Document Server

Diner, Simon

1997-01-01

Pourquoi l'Univers plutôt que le vide ? Le temps et l'espace existent-ils en l'absence de l'Univers ? Que reste-t-il quand tout est enlevé ? Pourquoi quelque chose plutôt que rien ? Depuis des siècles, ces interrogations mobilisent philosophes et physiciens. Mais aujourd'hui, le vide n'est pas le rien. Il serait même l'acteur central de l'histoire de la matière et de l'Univers, le partenaire privilégié de la physique. Vide et matière ne sont plus deux manifestations séparées de la nature, mais deux aspects d'une même réalité. Le vide est l'état de base dont la matière émerge, sans couper son cordon ombilical Le vide comme Univers du rien cède la place au vide comme Univers du tout. Que le vide puisse être conçu par les physiciens comme réservoir potentiel d'univers, voici qui ne devrait laisser personne indifférent. Ce livre ouvre un débat et nous convie à une réflexion surprenante.

Skin tightening.

Science.gov (United States)

Woolery-Lloyd, Heather; Kammer, Jenna N

2011-01-01

Skin tightening describes the treatment of skin laxity via radiofrequency (RF), ultrasound, or light-based devices. Skin laxity on the face is manifested by progressive loss of skin elasticity, loosening of the connective tissue framework, and deepening of skin folds. This results in prominence of submandibular and submental tissues. Genetic factors (chronological aging) and extrinsic factors (ultraviolet radiation) both contribute to skin laxity. There are many RF, ultrasound, and light-based devices directed at treating skin laxity. All of these devices target and heat the dermis to induce collagen contraction. Heating of the dermis causes collagen denaturation and immediate collagen contraction in addition to long-term collagen remodeling. Via RF, light, or ultrasound, these skin tightening devices deliver heat to the dermis to create new collagen and induce skin tightening. This chapter will provide an overview of the various skin tightening devices. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Le charme slave

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonella Mauri

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Antonella Mauri analyse l’image des femmes slaves immigrées en Italie telle qu’elle apparaît à travers la publicité, la littérature romanesque (La ballata dei lavavetri de Peter Del monte, Luce Profuga de Valerio Aiolli, Pornokiller de Bruno Ventavoli, le cinéma, la bande dessinée (Danilo Maramotti, image qu’elle oppose aux résultats d’une enquête qu’elle a menée sur le terrain. Elle s’interroge en particulier sur la permanence des stéréotypes liés à la femme slave.

Le matérialisme scientifique

Science.gov (United States)

Meunier, Jean-François

2004-03-01

De nos jours, il arrive quotidiennement aux grands hommes d'avoir à fréquenter d'ignorants mortels épris d'une conviction maladive que la science est la grande responsable de tous les maux du monde. Évidemment sans physique atomique, il n'y aurait pas eu d'Hiroshima et sans révolution industrielle, pas de pollution et etc. Cependant, ces accusations envers le progrès technique sont tout à fait injustes, irréfléchies et, j'irai même jusqu'à dire, irresponsables, puisque le calcul, i.e. la planification, même la plus élémentaire, est ce qui caractérise le mieux, pragmatiquement, la société humaine. À mon avis, les problèmes sociaux tireraient plutôt leur origine de sciences sociales irréalistes, qui, concrètment, inspireraient ou serviraient d'alibis à ceux qui détiennent véritablement le pouvoir. Dans cet article, je tenterai donc de démontrer la meilleure véracité et efficacité du matérialisme scientifique. Cette doctrine, dont Mario Bunge est le plus illustre représentant, s'appuy sur les résultats théoriques et expérimentaux des sciences factuelles ainsi que sur l'exactitude logique des mathématiques, utilisées ici comme langage universel de l'expression des idées. Cette conception philosophique qui s'inspire principalement du modèle des théories physiques, stipule que les réalités sociales sont, comme tout autre réalité, matérielles, mathématisables et représentables comme des systèmes en interaction. En fait, le modèle des physiciens ayant historiquement fait ses preuves en matière de testabilité et de cohérence interne est proposé d'être appliquer aux sciences sociales, aujourd'hui scindées des sciences dites pures sous l'inspiration des pseudo penseurs néo-kantiens, phénoménologiques et post-moderne. Cette nouvelle approche permettrait ainsi d'évoluer plus exactement vers une compréhension des bases sociales et biologiques du comportement humain afin de développer une éthique sans cesse plus r

Le Corbusier’s Dioramas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ramón Alonso Pereira

2013-10-01

Full Text Available AbstractLe Corbusier symbolizes the modern rational urbanism, whose rigorous effort of town planning demands a parallel effort of comprehension. It opposes to these contemporary urbanism that wish to perceive and to enjoy cities in a sensible way. Nevertheless, sentiment and reason are not adverses and Le Corbusier gives us at his  moment keys to intent a synthesis, joined them in a singular way by means of his ‘boîtes à miracles’ or ‘magic boxes’: those "architectural spectacles of synthesis" that he defined in 1951 Ciam. Here we try to approach to the first of those ‘spectacles’: the ‘diorama’, considering it as a corbusean strategy of mediation between rational and sensible in modern and contemporary city.Key wordsLe Corbusier, diorama, Ville Contemporaine, Plan Voisin, Plan Maciá

Conception d’un automate cellulaire non stationnaire à base de graphe pour modéliser la structure spatiale urbaine: le modèle Remus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnaud Banos

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Nous proposons dans cet article une formalisation originale des automates cellulaires géographiques, à même de mieux prendre en compte grâce à une structure de graphe le voisinage irrégulier et dynamique d’entités spatiales. Le modèle Remus permet ainsi de représenter sous la forme d’un graphe mathématique les entités spatiales du bâti et les réseaux de transport urbain (graphe urbain ; il permet aussi de calculer la distance-temps entre bâtiments par le réseau. Le modèle Remus permet l’extraction de différents graphes, dont le graphe fonctionnel des distances-temps entre les immeubles et le graphe de relations de voisinage qui représente le voisinage par le réseau pour un certain seuil de temps de trajet et pour un mode de transport donné.

External contamination and skin dose. From ICRP and regulations to skin dose evaluation in practice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Coulteulx, I.; Apretna, D.; Beaugerie, M.; Fenolland, J.; Frey, R.; Gonin, M.; Landry, B.; Laporte, E.; Le Guen, B.; Leval, D.

2006-01-01

Dose limitation to the skin is an objective of radiation protection. Our aim is to propose in case of skin contamination in EDF NPPs a simply, quickly and reproducible procedure for evaluating skin dose. French regulation admit an annual limit for skin dose over one square centimeter equal to 500 mSv. ICRP Publication 26 and 60 recommend that dose assessment be performed only if skin dose might be equal to or more than 50 mSv at basal cells. To respect this recommendation, an alert value (A) must be determined. This value is the lowest value of measurement from which dose assessment has to be made, based on the hypothesis that uninterrupted work time in controlled area is no more than four hours. This alert value (A) has been established for three external detection equipments, and for the ten radionuclides commonly detected. In case of external contamination, a first measurement is performed. If the value exceeds value (A), other measurements are instituted because skin dose evaluation needs to know other parameters as: - the radioactivity of the most contaminated square centimeter of the skin, - the identity of the radionuclides and their relative proportion. At the same time, we have to evaluate the length of the exposure. At last, we use different compiled results in a program developed from excel software which allow to calculate automatically the skin dose. This work has allowed us to publish an occupational health guideline about the assessment of skin dose in case of external contamination in EDF NPPs and to create an information booklet for workers. The authors propose to examine used methodology and to demonstrate the software. (authors)

Environment and the skin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suskind, R.R.

1990-01-01

The skin is an important organ of defense adaptation and a portal of entry for xenobiotics. It is vulnerable to physical, chemical, and biologic agents and capable of expressing responses to these agents in a variety of pathologic patterns. These patterns are characterized by morphologic and functional features which are elicited by careful examination and test procedures. Cutaneous cancer may result from exposure to nonionizing as well as ionizing radiation, to specific identifiable chemical hazards, and may be enhanced by trauma. Cutaneous hazards of chemical sources are largely found in the workplace and among consumer products, including drugs and toilet goods. Environmental skin diseases and injuries are preventable. Prior to use assessment for safety and for possible risks from exposure to an agent, product, or process is of primary importance in the prevention and control of environmental skin disease and injury

Skin too thin? The developing utility of zebrafish skin (neuro)pharmacology for CNS drug discovery research.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Michael; Poudel, Manoj K; Stewart, Adam Michael; Kalueff, Allan V

2013-09-01

Skin coloration can be affected by many genetic, environmental and pharmacological factors. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a useful and versatile model organism in biomedical research due to their genetic tractability, physiological homology to mammals, low cost, reproducibility and high throughput. Zebrafish coloration is mediated by chromatophores - the skin color pigment cells largely controlled by endocrine and neural mechanisms. The characteristic darkening of zebrafish skin is caused by the dispersion (and paling - by aggregation) of melanosomes (pigment-containing organelles), which show high homology to mammalian structures. Various pharmacological agents potently affect zebrafish coloration - the phenotype that often accompanies behavioral effects of the drugs, and may be used for drug discovery. Although zebrafish behavior and skin responses are usually not directly related, they share common regulatory (neural, endocrine) mechanisms, and therefore may be assessed in parallel during psychotropic drug screening. For example, some psychoactive drugs can potently affect zebrafish skin coloration. Can we use this knowledge to refine phenotype-driven psychotropic drug discovery? Here, we present current models using zebrafish skin coloration assays, and discuss how these models may be applied to enhance in vivo CNS drug discovery. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Skin Cancer Awareness and Sun Protection Behavior Before and Following Treatment Among Skin Cancer-Treated Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Abedini, Robabeh; Nasimi, Maryam; Nourmohammad Pour, Pedram; Etesami, Ifa; Al-Asiri, Safa; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza

2017-11-15

There is little known about illness perception in patients with skin tumors. We conducted this study to investigate Iranian patients' understanding of skin tumors, and to evaluate their sun-protective behavior changes after treatment of skin cancer. Patients with a skin biopsy of basal cell carcinoma were asked to complete questionnaires. A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were mostly referred to our tumor clinic from rural areas. At the skin cancer perception investigation, 63% of patients did not consider their disease as a long-lasting situation. Besides, 45.4% of patients consider their illness as a serious condition which significantly affecting their lives. Our patients had a strong belief in treatment control (81%) and 81% of them also described worries about their skin cancer. The leading causes of skin cancer as assumed by patients were: history of skin cancer (37.4%), poor medical care in the past (36.4%), extreme sun exposure (31.5%), and lack of sun protection (27.5%). In regard to sun-protective behavior after treatment of skin cancer, 55.4% of patients showed no changes or even negative change in their sun-protective behavior, But 44.5% of the patients changed their sun-protective behavior in a positive way which was statically significant (P ≤ 0.001). Our study demonstrates how our patients with skin cancer perceive their disease and we need to educate our patients, considering diseases' aspects, causes and symptoms. This is of great value as dermatologists should be aware of patients' perceptions of their disease in order to improve patients' knowledge through educating more about different aspects of disease.

Faire la chose « la plus sensée » pour le Canada et pour le monde ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

18 déc. 2014 ... Je faisais partie de la délégation qui a accompagné dernièrement le gouverneur général du Canada, Son Excellence le très honorable David Johnston, et Son Excellence Sharon Johnston au ... Il avait ensuite a déclaré que ce que le CRDI a fait au Chili, c'est qu'il a permis aux idées de continuer de vivre.

Biologic and synthetic skin substitutes: An overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Halim, Ahmad Sukari; Khoo, Teng Lye; Mohd Yussof, Shah Jumaat

2010-09-01

The current trend of burn wound care has shifted to more holistic approach of improvement in the long-term form and function of the healed burn wounds and quality of life. This has demanded the emergence of various skin substitutes in the management of acute burn injury as well as post burn reconstructions. Skin substitutes have important roles in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness wounds of various aetiologies. At present, there is no ideal substitute in the market. Skin substitutes can be divided into two main classes, namely, biological and synthetic substitutes. The biological skin substitutes have a more intact extracellular matrix structure, while the synthetic skin substitutes can be synthesised on demand and can be modulated for specific purposes. Each class has its advantages and disadvantages. The biological skin substitutes may allow the construction of a more natural new dermis and allow excellent re-epithelialisation characteristics due to the presence of a basement membrane. Synthetic skin substitutes demonstrate the advantages of increase control over scaffold composition. The ultimate goal is to achieve an ideal skin substitute that provides an effective and scar-free wound healing.

Biologic and synthetic skin substitutes: An overview

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Halim Ahmad

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The current trend of burn wound care has shifted to more holistic approach of improvement in the long-term form and function of the healed burn wounds and quality of life. This has demanded the emergence of various skin substitutes in the management of acute burn injury as well as post burn reconstructions. Skin substitutes have important roles in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness wounds of various aetiologies. At present, there is no ideal substitute in the market. Skin substitutes can be divided into two main classes, namely, biological and synthetic substitutes. The biological skin substitutes have a more intact extracellular matrix structure, while the synthetic skin substitutes can be synthesised on demand and can be modulated for specific purposes. Each class has its advantages and disadvantages. The biological skin substitutes may allow the construction of a more natural new dermis and allow excellent re-epithelialisation characteristics due to the presence of a basement membrane. Synthetic skin substitutes demonstrate the advantages of increase control over scaffold composition. The ultimate goal is to achieve an ideal skin substitute that provides an effective and scar-free wound healing.

Humoral and In Vivo Cellular Immunity against the Raw Insect-Derived Recombinant Leishmania infantum Antigens KMPII, TRYP, LACK, and papLe22 in Dogs from an Endemic Area

Science.gov (United States)

Todolí, Felicitat; Solano-Gallego, Laia; de Juan, Rafael; Morell, Pere; del Carmen Núñez, Maria; Lasa, Rodrigo; Gómez-Sebastián, Silvia; Escribano, José M.; Alberola, Jordi; Rodríguez-Cortés, Alhelí

2010-01-01

Leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis, a severe zoonotic and systemic disease that is fatal if left untreated. Identification of the antigens involved in Leishmania-specific protective immune response is a research priority for the development of effective control measures. For this purpose, we evaluated, in 27 dogs from an enzootic zone, specific humoral and cellular immune response by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test both against total L. infantum antigen and the raw Trichoplusia ni insect-derived kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (rKMPII), tryparedoxin peroxidase (rTRYP), Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase (rLACK), and 22-kDa potentially aggravating protein of Leishmania (rpapLe22) antigens from this parasite. rTRYP induced the highest number of positive DTH responses (55% of leishmanin skin test [LST]-positive dogs), showing that TRYP antigen is an important T cell immunogen, and it could be a promising vaccine candidate against this disease. When TRYP-DTH and KMPII-DTH tests were evaluated in parallel, 82% of LST-positive dogs were detected, suggesting that both antigens could be considered as components of a standardized DTH immunodiagnostic tool for dogs. PMID:21118936

Facial Skin Lifting and Brightening Following Sleep on Copper Oxide Containing Pillowcases

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Gadi Borkow

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Copper plays a key role in many of the physiological processes that occur in the skin. Previously it was found that sleeping on pillowcases impregnated with microscopic copper oxide particles results in reduction of wrinkles and fine lines. In the current study, it was examined if sleeping on copper oxide impregnated pillowcases results also in skin lifting and skin brightness. A four week, double blind, randomized study was performed, during which 45 women, aged 37–54, slept on copper oxide containing pillowcases (test group, n = 23 or on control pillowcases without copper oxide (control group, n = 22. Facial and eye skin surface was measured using an F-ray 3D measurement system and surface analysis was conducted using Image-pro® plus. Skin brightness was measured using a tristimulus colorimeter. Sleeping on the test pillowcases resulted in statistically significant skin lifting on the cheek area (p = 0.039 and eye area (p = 0.001 after four weeks of use as compared to baseline. The mean skin brightness in those sleeping on the test pillowcases increased after two (p = 0.024 and four weeks (p = 0.008. No statistically significant changes occurred during the study in the study participants using the control pillowcases. Statistically significant differences between both groups were recorded at two and four weeks for skin brightness and skin lifting, respectively. In conclusion, sleeping on copper oxide containing pillowcases results in facial skin lifting and brightness of the skin.

[FR] Le developpment du Travail Social et le pluralisme au Québec

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Jacob

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Au Canada et au Québec, traiter des questions liées à la diversité culturelle et au racisme a été un défi pour les gouvernements depuis les années soixante. Auparavant et jusqu'à présent, une grande partie des responsabilités en termes de développement ethnoculturel sensible des services publics (services sociaux, des programmes de formation en travail social, etc. ont été laissés aux mains d’organismes de charité non-lucratifs. Cependant, peu à peu, depuis les années soixante, le gouvernement fédéral et le gouvernement provincial, ont dû développer des politiques et des programmes d'action. Au Québec, le travail social a fait partie du débat face à deux grands courants politiques, l’un canadien basé sur le multiculturalisme, et l’autre québécois basé sur l'interculturalisme. L'article vise à donner une perspective historique

L'espace, un outil de contrôle ? : Le cas Pont-à-Mousson (1921-190

OpenAIRE

Labardin, Pierre

2011-01-01

Cet article s'intéresse aux impacts des open space en matière de contrôle à partir d'un travail historique. Nous nous demandons si l'espace de travail peut constituer un outil de contrôle opérationnel. Dans une première partie, nous proposons une définition historique des espaces travail qui nous amène à justifier notre méthodologie de recherche historique. Nous travaillons à partir des archives des années 1920 de la société Pont-à- Mousson. Nous présentons longuement le contexte de la mise e...

Révolution tunisienne et Internet : le rôle des médias sociaux

OpenAIRE

Lecomte, Romain

2013-01-01

Suite au mouvement de contestation populaire qui a conduit à la chute du régime de Ben Ali, médias et experts des NTIC ont beaucoup insisté sur le rôle révolutionnaire joué par Internet en Tunisie, et plus particulièrement par les « réseaux sociaux ». Dans cet article, tout en cherchant à analyser comment, concrètement, les usages d’Internet ont pu servir de catalyseur au mouvement de contestation né à Sidi Bouzid, nous mettons en garde contre certaines analyses en vogue véhiculant le mythe d...

Le déficit de filles — Le déséquilibre du ratio hommes-femmes en Inde

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Plusieurs acteurs, dont le journal national indien The Hindu, ont qualifié ce brusque ... Voilà pourquoi le Centre de recherches pour le développement international ... De nouvelles tendances, comme la limite de deux enfants par famille, .... les professionnels de la santé et d'abolir les initiatives favorisant la stérilisation.

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and preventive effects of a topical emulsion and its vehicle control on the skin response to UV exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhai, H; Behnam, S; Villarama, C D; Arens-Corell, M; Choi, M J; Maibach, H I

2005-01-01

Supplying topical exogenous antioxidants to the skin may prevent or minimize free radical-induced damaging. This study determines antioxidative capacity of a topical skin care emulsion (an oil-in-water vitamin E-containing formulation) versus its vehicle on human skin that was exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) by utilizing a photochemiluminescence device and biophysical methods. Ten healthy Caucasians (3 male and 7 female; mean age 47 +/- 10 years) were enrolled. In a randomized and double-blind manner, a pH-balanced vitamin E emulsion or its vehicle control was applied onto predesignated forearm prior to UVR exposure. Thirty minutes after application, these test sites were exposed to a UV light to induce the minimal erythema dose. One untreated site served as a blank control. Visual scoring and instrumental measurements were recorded at baseline and at 24 h and 48 h thereafter. At day 3, after completing instrumental measurements, each test site was stripped three times in a consecutive manner with a proprietary adhesive tape disc. These tapes were quantified for antioxidant capacity using a photochemiluminescence device. Vitamin E emulsion and vehicle control significantly (p emulsion showed significantly (p emulsion and its vehicle control significantly (p emulsion significantly (p emulsion and its vehicle control showed significant (p emulsion and its vehicle control proved effective in preventing induction of erythema and reducing inflammatory damage caused by UV exposure. The effect of vitamin E emulsion exceeded that of an 'active control'. Copyright 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel

Droits d'auteur | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Droits d'auteur détenus par le CRDI Sauf indication contraire, les droits d'auteur relatifs aux documents mis en ligne sur le présent site Web sont détenus par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI).

Asie centrale | Page 50 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Langue French. Read more about Évaluation des politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme au Bangladesh. Langue French. Read more about Evaluation of Tobacco Control Policies in Bangladesh. Langue English. Read more about Evaluation of an Integrated Intervention to Stop Tobacco Use among Suspected Tuberculosis ...

Prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial assessing the effect of an Octenidine-based hydrogel on bacterial colonisation and epithelialization of skin graft wounds in burn patients.

Science.gov (United States)

W, Eisenbeiß; F, Siemers; G, Amtsberg; P, Hinz; B, Hartmann; T, Kohlmann; A, Ekkernkamp; U, Albrecht; O, Assadian; A, Kramer

2012-01-01

Moist wound treatment improves healing of skin graft donor site wounds. Microbial colonised wounds represent an increased risk of wound infection; while antimicrobially active, topical antiseptics may impair epithelialization. The aim of this prospective randomised controlled clinical trial was to examine the influence of an Octenidine-dihydrochloride (OCT) hydrogel on bacterial colonisation and epithelialization of skin graft donor sites. The study was designed as a randomised, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Skin graft donor sites from a total of 61 patients were covered either with 0.05% OCT (n=31) or an OCT-free placebo wound hydrogel (n=30). Potential interaction with wound healing was assessed by measuring the time until 100% re-epithelialization. In addition, microbial wound colonisation was quantitatively determined in all skin graft donor sites. There was no statistically significant difference in the time for complete epithelialization of skin graft donor sites in the OCT and the placebo group (7.3±0.2 vs. 6.9±0.2 days; p=0.236). Microbial wound colonisation was significantly lower in the OCT group than in the placebo group (p=0.014). The OCT-based hydrogel showed no delay in wound epithelialization and demonstrated a significantly lower bacterial colonisation of skin graft donor site wounds.

[Effects of aroma massage on pruritus, skin pH, skin hydration and sleep in elders in long-term care hospitals].

Science.gov (United States)

Roh, So Young; Kim, Kye Ha

2013-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aroma massage on pruritus, skin pH, skin hydration and sleep in elders in long-term care hospitals. The participants were elders over 65 years old admitted to long-term care. They were assigned to the experimental group (26) or control group (28). Data were collected from May to August, 2012. Visual Analogue Scale and Verran and Snyder-Halpern Sleep scale were used to identify levels of pruritus and sleep. A skin-pH meter and moisture checker were used to measure skin pH and skin hydration. Aroma massage was performed three times a week for 4 weeks for elders in the experimental group. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 17.0 program. There were significant differences in pruritus, skin pH and skin hydration between the two groups. However there was no significant difference in sleep. The results indicate that aroma massage is effective in reducing pruritus, skin pH and increasing skin hydration in elders. Therefore, this intervention can be utilized in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention to reduce pruritus in elders in long-term care hospitals.

Reduced lymphoid response to skin allotransplants in cows with hepatic lipidosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Wentink, G H; van den Ingh, T S; Rutten, V P; Müller, K E; Wensing, T

1999-04-01

The immune responsiveness of cows with hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) in comparison to control cows with a normal liver fat content was tested by applying skin allotransplants to the skin of the back of cows on day 3 after parturition. Immunoreactivity was determined by semiquantitative counting of the number of infiltrating lymphocytes in the recipient skin adjacent to the allotransplants during a period of 21 days. There were more invading lymphocytes in samples from control cows than there were in samples from cows with hepatic lipidosis. It was concluded that cows with hepatic lipidosis have a reduced lymphoid response to skin allotransplants.

Normal Skin Microbiota is Altered in Pre-clinical Hidradenitis Suppurativa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ring, Hans Christian; Bay, Lene; Kallenbach, Klaus

2017-01-01

therefore hypothesized that clinically unaffected HS skin would also have an increased presence of biofilm compared with that of healthy controls. We conducted a case-control study, investigating the morphology of the axillary skin microbiota. Peptide nucleic acid – fluorescence in situ hybridization probes...... were used in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Significant differences were found in both distribution and quantity of the cutaneous microbiota in clinically non-affected axillary skin of patients with HS compared with healthy controls. Surprisingly, we detected fewer bacteria...... and less biofilm in patients with HS. The reduced microbiota in patients with HS may play an important role in the early course of the disease....

Le Combat de l’amour divin et de l’amour profane : un ballet de Charpentier pour le collège d’Harcourt

OpenAIRE

Demeilliez , Marie

2014-01-01

International audience; De l’activité de Marc-Antoine Charpentier au service des jésuites, nous sont parvenus un vaste répertoire religieux ainsi que le célèbre « opéra chrétien » David et Jonathas (1688), l’une des rares partitions composées pour le collège Louis-le-Grand qui soit conservée. Alors que le musicien en fut le maître de musique pendant plusieurs années, l’on sait peu de choses de sa participation aux somptueuses représentations théâtrales dont le collège s’est fait une spécialit...

Artificial skin in perspective: concepts and applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Brohem, Carla A; Cardeal, Laura B da Silva; Tiago, Manoela; Soengas, María S; Barros, Silvia B de Moraes; Maria-Engler, Silvya S

2011-02-01

Skin, the largest organ of the human body, is organized into an elaborate layered structure consisting mainly of the outermost epidermis and the underlying dermis. A subcutaneous adipose-storing hypodermis layer and various appendages such as hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels are also present in the skin. These multiple components of the skin ensure survival by carrying out critical functions such as protection, thermoregulation, excretion, absorption, metabolic functions, sensation, evaporation management, and aesthetics. The study of how these biological functions are performed is critical to our understanding of basic skin biology such as regulation of pigmentation and wound repair. Impairment of any of these functions may lead to pathogenic alterations, including skin cancers. Therefore, the development of genetically controlled and well characterized skin models can have important implications, not only for scientists and physicians, but also for manufacturers, consumers, governing regulatory boards and animal welfare organizations. As cells making up human skin tissue grow within an organized three-dimensional (3D) matrix surrounded by neighboring cells, standard monolayer (2D) cell cultures do not recapitulate the physiological architecture of the skin. Several types of human skin recombinants, also called artificial skin, that provide this critical 3D structure have now been reconstructed in vitro. This review contemplates the use of these organotypic skin models in different applications, including substitutes to animal testing. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Skin changes in internal malignancy

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Rajagopal Ravi

2004-07-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Internal malignancies are accompanied by various skin changes which may be specific infiltrates or non-specific changes. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of such changes in malignant disease treatment center attendees in India. METHODS: A study of 300 confirmed cases of internal malignancy at a malignant disease treatment center was undertaken to evaluate these skin changes. Specific infiltrates were confirmed by histopathology. Statistical methods were employed to calculate significance in non-specific lesions by comparing with 300 controls not suffering from internal malignancy. RESULTS: Skin changes were present in 82 (27.3%. Cutaneous metastases were found in 19 (6.3%; non-contiguous in 5 (1.6%; contiguous in 14 (4.3%. Non-specific skin lesions numbered 74 (11.6% in 52 patients. Statistically significant non-specific skin changes were acquired ichthyosis, herpes zoster and generalized pruritus. CONCLUSION: Metastases usually occurred late in internal malignancy (17, 5.6% except in a case each of histiocytic lymphoma and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (2, 0.7% where the lesions preceded malignancy by 3 months and 1 month respectively. Contiguous nodules were a marker of relapse after surgery in 3 (1%.

La preuve par le nombre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélène Verdier

2012-04-01

Full Text Available S’il en était besoin, la question des usages et de la finalité des résultats de l’inventaire général pourrait être abordée par le nombre : nombre d’œuvres répertoriées, de communes inventoriées, de clichés photographiques réalisés, de dossiers, de consultations des notices dans les bases de données… Les additions aujourd’hui sont éloquentes, mais elles laissent dans l’ombre le rôle de l’inventaire qui, en mettant en œuvre une démarche systématique de connaissance, participe à l’ identificatio...

Le bord de la solitude

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Paul Galibert

2010-04-01

Full Text Available La solitude a un bord, et non un seuil, parce que sinon, ce ne serait pas la solitude. Car le seuil a ceci de merveilleux qu’il sépare un dedans et un dehors, en sorte qu’il reste franchissable, et que l’on peut toujours sortir, et rentrer à sa guise. De ce fait, où que soient les autres, le seuil garantit donc que je pourrais les rejoindre, et me délasser, en changeant de lieu, des inconvénients croisés de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur. Dans le seuil, la métaphore implicite de la maison nous...

Leïomyosarcome de la prostate: Neoplasie rare

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. Basraoui

2012-03-01

La TDM et surtout l'IRM jouent un rôle primordial dans le bilan d'extension locale et à distance du léïomyosarcome prostatique et le seul moyen pour affirmer le diagnostic est l'histologie complétée par une étude immuno-histochimique. Leur prise en charge thérapeutique n'est pas codifiée à l'heure actuelle et leur pronostic reste très sombre.

Le mur intrapsychique chez le sujet métissé

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Sonia Gérard

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Dans le contexte d’un couple culturellement mixte, la formation du couple implique un traitement des frontières interculturelles. De même que la naissance des enfants induisant une possible activation du processus du métissage, agit sur ces murs interculturels. Ainsi le paradigme du mur a une réelle fonction heuristique en ce qu’il permet de modéliser divers phénomènes psychiques par la constitution de représentations faisant intervenir la vision et le toucher. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur les fonctions du mur de Berlin pour comprendre notamment les phénomènes de clivage et sa résolution.In the field of mixed couples, the very formation of the couple implies intercultural borders. The birth of children, which activates the “mixing” process, may have a possible effect on these borders which are often represented as walls. Therefore the wall paradigm has a very heuristic function insofar as it allows the modelization of psychical phenomenon through representations using vision and touch. This paper considers various functions of the Berlin wall in order to understand processes such as cleaving and its resolution.

Bacterial skin flora of diabetic patients in the Jos University Teaching ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Diabetics frequently are afflicted with bacterial skin infections because of the high circulating blood sugar. The frequent skin infections in these patients may be a result of change in normal skin flora. This study was carried out to find out the normal skin flora of these patients. Ninety four (50 study and 44 control) consecutive ...

Le rapport Coopération pour le développement de l'OCDE souligne ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

14 févr. 2018 ... Cette 55e édition du rapport Coopération pour le développement fournit une analyse exhaustive des contraintes liées aux données auxquelles les pays en développement sont confrontés de nos jours, ainsi que des options stratégiques visant à compiler de meilleures statistiques pour le développement ...

Association of atopy and tentative diagnosis of skin cancer - results from occupational skin cancer screenings.

Science.gov (United States)

Schäfer, I; Mohr, P; Zander, N; Fölster-Holst, R; Augustin, M

2017-12-01

The relationship between atopic conditions and carcinoma of the skin has been described inconsistently. Population-based data providing information on atopic diseases as well as on skin cancer are sparse. To determine the correlation between atopy and prevalence of precanceroses, non-melanoma skin cancer and malignant melanoma (MM), while taking into account known risk factors for skin cancer. Data from occupational skin cancer screenings were analysed in a cross-sectional study. Dermatologists performed whole body examinations and collected medical histories. Subjects comprised all employees (16-70 years) examined from 2006 to 2014. 'Atopy' was defined by clinical screening diagnosis and/or by participant-reported, pre-existing atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma or other specified allergies confirmed by a physician. Tentative screening diagnoses of skin cancer related to actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The study cohort comprised 90 265 employees (mean age 43 ± 11 years, 58.5% male), 30.7% of whom were ever diagnosed with an atopic disease. Persons with atopic conditions recorded in their medical history and at the time of screening had a significantly lower prevalence of actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and MM. After controlling for age, sex and relevant risk factors (skin type, childhood sun burns), atopy remained significantly protective against BCC (OR 0.77) and MM (OR 0.53). Design limitations of the study include that all findings of skin cancer were based on clinical examination only and must therefore be considered tentative diagnoses. Furthermore, owing to the cross-sectional study design, causal pathways cannot be proven. However, analyses of data from such a large and general population-based cohort afford valuable insights into the relationship between atopic diseases and skin cancer. They provide the grounds for prospective cohort studies to evaluate and dissect the underlying mechanism. © 2017

Quel contrôle de gestion pour les startups ?

OpenAIRE

Meyssonnier , François

2015-01-01

Une étude de huit PME fondées sur la science permet d’identifier les spécificités du contrôle de gestion des startups. Dans les startups émergentes le dirigeant n’utilise que des linéaments de contrôle de gestion essentiellement pour développer son approche cognitive du business model. Dans les startups en croissance le contrôle de gestion a un rôle de garde-fou et les outils de pilotage de la performance sont utilisés essentiellement de façon interactive et pour la prévision. Les principaux ...

Randomized, controlled trial of antibiotics in the management of community-acquired skin abscesses in the pediatric patient.

Science.gov (United States)

Duong, Myto; Markwell, Stephen; Peter, John; Barenkamp, Stephen

2010-05-01

Emergency department visits for skin and soft tissue infections are increasing with the discovery of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Whether abscesses treated surgically also require antibiotics is controversial. There are no published pediatric randomized controlled trials evaluating the need for antibiotics in skin abscess management. We determine the benefits of antibiotics in surgically managed pediatric skin abscesses. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pediatric patients were randomized to receive 10 days of placebo or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole after incision and draining. Follow-up consisted of a visit/call at 10 to 14 days and a call at 90 days. Primary outcome was treatment failure at the 10-day follow-up. Secondary outcome was new lesion development at the 10- and 90-day follow-ups. Noninferiority of placebo relative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for primary and secondary outcomes was assessed. One hundred sixty-one patients were enrolled, with 12 lost to follow-up. The failure rates were 5.3% (n=4/76) and 4.1% (n=3/73) in the placebo and antibiotic groups, respectively, yielding a difference of 1.2%, with a 1-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) (-infinity to 6.8%). Noninferiority was established with an equivalence threshold of 7%. New lesions occurred at the 10-day follow-up: 19 on placebo (26.4%) and 9 on antibiotics (12.9%), yielding a difference of 13.5%, with 95% 1-sided CI (-infinity to 24.3%). At the 3-month follow-up, 15 of 52 (28.8%) in the placebo group and 13 of 46 (28.3%) in the antibiotic group developed new lesions. The difference was 0.5%, with 95% 1-sided CI (-infinity to 15.6%). Antibiotics are not required for pediatric skin abscess resolution. Antibiotics may help prevent new lesions in the short term, but further studies are required. Copyright 2009 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Les enjeux du modèle standard

CERN Document Server

CERN. Geneva

2008-01-01

Toute la matière visible dans l'Univers est décrite par le « Modèle Standard ». Selon cette théorie, la matière est constituée d'atomes, qui contiennent des électrons orbitant autour de noyaux, dont les composants fondamentaux sont les quarks. Quatre forces fondamentales agissent entre ces particules élémentaires : les forces électromagnétique est gravitationnelle, et les interactions nucléaires forte et faible. La description fournie par le Modèle Standard de ces particules et de leurs interactions est en parfait accord avec les expériences. Néanmoins, des questions fondamentales restent sans réponse jusqu'à maintenant : d'où vient la masse des particules ? Pourquoi y a-t-il tant de types de particules ? Existe-t-il une théorie unifiée de toutes les interactions ? Quelle est la nature de la matière cachée prédite par les astrophysiciens ? Le LHC au CERN donnera des éléments de réponse à ces questions au-delà du Modèle Standard.

Active skin as new haptic interface

Science.gov (United States)

Vuong, Nguyen Huu Lam; Kwon, Hyeok Yong; Chuc, Nguyen Huu; Kim, Duksang; An, Kuangjun; Phuc, Vuong Hong; Moon, Hyungpil; Koo, Jachoon; Lee, Youngkwan; Nam, Jae-Do; Choi, Hyouk Ryeol

2010-04-01

In this paper, we present a new haptic interface, called "active skin", which is configured with a tactile sensor and a tactile stimulator in single haptic cell, and multiple haptic cells are embedded in a dielectric elastomer. The active skin generates a wide variety of haptic feel in response to the touch by synchronizing the sensor and the stimulator. In this paper, the design of the haptic cell is derived via iterative analysis and design procedures. A fabrication method dedicated to the proposed device is investigated and a controller to drive multiple haptic cells is developed. In addition, several experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the active skin.

Skin carcinoma and occupational risk factors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Linares Fernandez, Tomasa Maria; Correa Lozano, Zoila; Ibarra Fernandez de la Vega, Enrique Jose; Bonet Gorbea Mariano

2014-01-01

To identify the relative contribution of different occupational risk factors associated with the occurrence of skin cancer in the provinces of Havana City and Havana, Cuba , in 2006-2007. It was designed a case-control study of hospital base that included 112 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer and 448 witnesses, following the inclusion-exclusion criteria preset. We considered the totality of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell histological study of skin biopsy or surgical excision. Risk factors with possible association with the disease were studied, such as sun exposure, ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and a wide range of chemical and biological substances potentially carcinogenic

Le patrimoine astronomique provençal

Science.gov (United States)

Rous, M.; Figon, P.; Guyot, S.

2012-12-01

L'OSU OAMP/Institut Pythéas porte les missions de conservation, inventaire et valorisation du patrimoine. Suite à la fusion de l'Observatoire de Marseille et du Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale en 2000 pour créer le Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, le déménagement des équipes sur le site de Château-Gombert en 2008 a soulevé le problème du devenir des collections des deux sites d'origine. Nous ferons le bilan des actions passées en matière de conservation et de valorisation de ce riche patrimoine : versement à l'inventaire général du Ministère de la Culture, classement de 22 instruments au titre des Monuments Historiques, inventaire et numérisation des archives anciennes, montage d'expositions et réalisation du catalogue Telescopium, 400 ans de lunettes et de télescopes. Nous présenterons les actions en cours: mesures de conservation préventive, inventaire des archives et des instruments. Nous parlerons enfin des projets: création d'un espace d'exposition permanente, participation à des expositions temporaires.

Publications | Page 17 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Publication du rapport de BSR sur le travail des enfants en Birmanie. Le CRDI finance plusieurs projets de recherche sur les facteurs expliquant le travail des enfants, incluant le rapport intitulé 'Child labor in Myanmar's Garment Sector' écrit récemment par l'organisme Business for Social Responsibility (BSR).

Savoir gérer le mal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michel Maffesoli

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Le sens commun, conservatoire immémorial de la sagesse humaine « sait », de savoir incorporé, que le mal, l’ombre, la mort, la douleur sont des caractéristiques essentielles de l’existence en son entièreté. Dès lors les créatures quelles qu’elles soient, sont des manifestations de la vie et, dès lors, méritent une attitude « compassionnelle », fraternelle, parce qu’ensemble elles constituent le flux vital. C’est ainsi que l’on peut comprendre l’utilité sociale de ces divers « mondes intermédiaires » que sont les croyances, religieuses ou philosophiques, au « double », au « daimon », aux esprits et autres figures tutélaires ou effrayantes. Elles aident à vivre, au jour le jour, la souffrance en la communalisant.

Pickering emulsions for skin decontamination.

Science.gov (United States)

Salerno, Alicia; Bolzinger, Marie-Alexandrine; Rolland, Pauline; Chevalier, Yves; Josse, Denis; Briançon, Stéphanie

2016-08-01

This study aimed at developing innovative systems for skin decontamination. Pickering emulsions, i.e. solid-stabilized emulsions, containing silica (S-PE) or Fuller's earth (FE-PE) were formulated. Their efficiency for skin decontamination was evaluated, in vitro, 45min after an exposure to VX, one of the most highly toxic chemical warfare agents. Pickering emulsions were compared to FE (FE-W) and silica (S-W) aqueous suspensions. PE containing an oil with a similar hydrophobicity to VX should promote its extraction. All the formulations reduced significantly the amount of VX quantified on and into the skin compared to the control. Wiping the skin surface with a pad already allowed removing more than half of VX. FE-W was the less efficient (85% of VX removed). The other formulations (FE-PE, S-PE and S-W) resulted in more than 90% of the quantity of VX removed. The charge of particles was the most influential factor. The low pH of formulations containing silica favored electrostatic interactions of VX with particles explaining the better elimination from the skin surface. Formulations containing FE had basic pH, and weak interactions with VX did not improve the skin decontamination. However, these low interactions between VX and FE promote the transfer of VX into the oil droplets in the FE-PE. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

L'analyse des risques l'expert, le décideur et le citoyen

CERN Document Server

Chevassus-au-Louis, Bernard

2007-01-01

Selon le modèle "standard" d'analyse du risque, utilisé majoritairement aujourd'hui, les experts basent leurs pratiques sur des hypothèses, des concepts, voire des valeurs implicites qui ne peuvent être considérées comme des évidences. La fin du XXe siècle a marqué une crise de l'expertise. Progressivement s'est instauré un débat autour du principe de précaution, principe dont l'application a des conséquences pour la décision et pour l'évaluation du risque lui-même. De son côté, la société civile a un rôle participatif fort à jouer. Se dessinent ainsi les contours d'une analyse de risque "postmoderne", dite "constructiviste", qu'il s'agit de mettre à l'épreuve concrètement.

Le Parti paysan d’union sociale

OpenAIRE

Bensoussan, David

2015-01-01

La fondation, le 11 juillet 1945 à Paris, du Parti paysan n’a sans doute guère suscité l’attention des contemporains alors immergés dans le contexte tumultueux de l’immédiat après-guerre. Il faut d’ailleurs attendre la parution, quelque temps plus tard, le 6 octobre, du premier numéro de L’Unité Paysanne, organe hebdomadaire de cette nouvelle formation politique, pour que sa naissance soit publiquement officialisée. Sans vouloir surévaluer l’importance d’une organisation qui n’arrivera jamais...

Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants.

Science.gov (United States)

Sinclair, J C

2002-01-01

Randomized trials have shown that the neonatal mortality rate of low birth-weight babies can be reduced by keeping them warm. For low birth-weight babies nursed in incubators, warm conditions may be achieved either by heating the air to a desired temperature, or by servo-controlling the baby's body temperature at a desired set-point. In low birth weight infants, to determine the effect on death and other important clinical outcomes of targeting body temperature rather than air temperature as the end-point of control of incubator heating. Standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. Searches were made of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) (Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001) and MEDLINE, 1966 to November 2001. Randomized or quasi-randomized trials which test the effects of having the heat output of the incubator servo-controlled from body temperature compared with setting a constant incubator air temperature. Trial methodologic quality was systematically assessed. Outcome measures included death, timing of death, cause of death, and other clinical outcomes. Categorical outcomes were analyzed using relative risk and risk difference. Meta-analysis assumed a fixed effect model. Two eligible trials were found. In total, they included 283 babies and 112 deaths. Compared to setting a constant incubator air temperature of 31.8C, servo-control of abdominal skin temperature at 36C reduces the neonatal death rate among low birth weight infants: relative risk 0.72 (95% CI 0.54, 0.97); risk difference -12.7% (95% CI -1.6, -23.9). This effect is even greater among VLBW infants. During at least the first week after birth, low birth weight babies should be provided with a carefully regulated thermal environment that is near the thermoneutral point. For LBW babies in incubators, this can be achieved by adjusting incubator temperature to maintain an anterior abdominal skin temperature of at least 36C, using either servo-control or frequent manual

Proposed derivation of skin contamination and skin decontamination limits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schieferdecker, H.; Koelzer, W.; Henrichs, K.

1986-01-01

From the primary dose limits for the skin, secondary dose limits were derived for skin contamination which can be used in practical radiation protection work. Analogous to the secondary dose limit for the maximum permissible body burden in the case of incorporation, dose limits for the 'maximum permissible skin burden' were calculated, with the help of dose factors, for application in the case of skin contamination. They can be derived from the skin dose limit values. For conditions in which the skin is exposed to temporary contamination, a limit of skin contamination was derived for immediately removable contamination and for one day of exposure. For non-removable contamination a dose limit of annual skin contamination was defined, taking into account the renewal of the skin. An investigation level for skin contamination was assumed, as a threshold, above which certain measures must be taken; these to include appropriate washing not more than three times, with the subsequent procedure determined by the level of residual contamination. The dose limits are indicated for selected radionuclides. (author)

Your Skin

Science.gov (United States)

... Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Your Skin KidsHealth / For Kids / Your Skin What's in this ... body) are really dead skin cells. Bye-Bye Skin Cells These old cells are tough and strong, ...

Le primitif et le mystique chez Lévy-Bruhl, Bergson et Bataille.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frédéric Keck

2004-04-01

Full Text Available L’assimilation du fou, du primitif et de l’enfant a été souvent analysée comme une opposition de l’archaïque par rapport au civilisé ou du normal par rapport au pathologique. On veut montrer ici que le mystique s’ajoute à cette liste, celle-ci désignant alors plutôt des figures de l’altérité qui défient la raison. On étudie alors les liens entre la figure du primitif et celle du mystique dans la sociologie de Lévy-Bruhl, la métaphysique de Bergson et la pratique littéraire de Bataille. Par-delà les divergences entre ces trois œuvres, on montre que le lien entre primitif et mystique vise à élargir le champ de l’expérience en l’ouvrant à une altérité radicale, et en même temps prépare le terrain pour cette expérience vide et formelle que pensera le structuralisme.French human sciences at the beginning of the 20th century used to assimilate the figures of the mad person, the primitive and the child. The Author shows that this assimilation should not be interpreted in the sense of an opposition between the archaic and the developed, or the normal and the pathological, but, once the figure of the mystic is added to this list, in the sense of an opposition between rationality and its other. Three examples allows to analyse the link between the figures of the primitive and the mystic : the sociology of Lévy-Bruhl, the metaphysics of Bergson, the literature of Bataille. Through the reading of these three works, the Author shows that the link between the figures of the primitive and the mystic allows to think a larger experience by opening it to an alterity, and at the same time prepares the ground for an empty and formal experience that will be explored by structuralism.

Effet du stress salin sur le comportement physiologique et ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juin 2013 ... rapidement dans les feuilles à partir de 25 mmol de NaCl. Le rapport de sélectivité K+/Na+ a été plus discriminant entre les variétés : Midass a présenté le rapport de sélectivité le plus élevé et Nabeul le rapport de sélectivité le plus faible. Conclusion et application : La variété Nabeul qui est de type piment ...

Le Recul de la Forêt au Viet Nam

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le fait d'ignorer la réalité pragmatique dans un souci d'opportunisme politique ne ... Si le texte de l'étude que voici a été rédigé en solo, les choses ont été fort différentes sur ..... Parmi les ressources requises par le système mondial — mis en place par les .... Les guerres dont le Viet Nam a été le théâtre au cours du dernier ...

Le rôle des universités africaines dans l'innovation au service du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un nouveau réseau de recherche s'intéressera aux façons dont les universités africaines peuvent contribuer à stimuler l'innovation sur le continent noir. Le projet de recherche permettra d'examiner dans quelle mesure les universités favorisent les innovations qui contribuent à l'insertion économique des populations ...

Publications | Page 200 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI collabore avec les chercheurs et les établissements des pays en développement au renforcement des capacités locales par le truchement du financement, de la mise en commun des connaissances et de la ... Le partage de l''information et des techniques de la communication favorise le développement durable.

Publications | Page 103 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le FIE 2008 fait avancer le cadre écobiosocial de l'OMS. Le Programme spécial de recherche et de formation concernant les maladies tropicales (TDR) de l'OMS a élaboré le concept du champ « écobiosocial », qui combine les perspectives écologiques, biologiques et sociales « pour mieux.

Une approche écosanté pour le contrôle de la fièvre de la vallée du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

17 août 2016 ... Ces conclusions sont particulièrement pertinentes à la lumière des avancées récentes réalisées pour le vaccin contre la fièvre de la vallée du Rift et seront un important facteur à prendre en compte pour le moment de lancer le futur vaccin et la manière de le faire. Les tendances de mobilité du bétail ...

Effect of interstitial low level laser stimulation in skin density

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Seulki; Ha, Myungjin; Lee, Sangyeob; Yu, Sungkon; Park, Jihoon; Radfar, Edalat; Hwang, Dong Hyun; Lee, Han A.; Kim, Hansung; Jung, Byungjo

2016-03-01

As the interest in skin was increased, number of studies on skin care also have been increased. The reduction of skin density is one of the symptoms of skin aging. It reduces elasticity of skin and becomes the reason of wrinkle formation. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been suggested as one of the effective therapeutic methods for skin aging as in hasten to change skin density. This study presents the effect of a minimally invasive laser needle system (MILNS) (wavelength: 660nm, power: 20mW) in skin density. Rabbits were divided into three groups. Group 1 didn't receive any laser stimulation as a control group. Group 2 and 3 as test groups were exposed to MILNS with energy of 8J and 6J on rabbits' dorsal side once a week, respectively. Skin density of rabbits was measured every 12 hours by using an ultrasound skin scanner.

Le limus rédempteur de Andrej Tarkovski

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Mottana

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Le cinéma de Tarkovski est riche de présences symboliques. L'essai rend, à travers le contact prolongé et fidèle aux différentes oeuvres du metteur en scène russe, la constellation de ses éléments archetipiques et de ses figures les plus significatives. Le dialogue terre-eau, le travail du feu, la récurrence de l'arbre, du bois, de l'enfance, le flux lent du temps, la phenomenologie poétique de la maison. Dans le cinéma de Tarkovski on se perd, son oeuvre, un vrai opus magnus alchimique, est un voyage dans la survivance d'un halètement mystique profondément incarné dans la matière terrestre. Son parcours circulaire, de l'arbre brûlé d'Ivan à ce qui renaît à la fin du Sacrifice miraculeusement, c'est une cheville fondamentale pour pouvoir expérimenter la puissance de l'imagination créatrice quand encore elle est l' expression d'une sensibilité inspirée à l'âme du monde".

Dry Skin Relief

Science.gov (United States)

... on a budget Skin care products Skin care secrets Skin lighteners Skin of color Summer skin problems ... condition, such as eczema. Additional related information Dermatologists' top tips for relieving dry skin FIND A DERMATOLOGIST ...

Skin maintenance in the bed-ridden patient.

Science.gov (United States)

Flam, E

1990-01-01

The skin of a patient at risk of developing pressure ulcers can resist deterioration if the conditions that weaken it are controlled. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationships between hydration level, skin temperature, and friction in patients at risk of development or reoccurrence of pressure ulcers and in patients with newly created surgical flaps. Two systems were considered: the standard hospital mattress covered with a thick occlusive plastic film and a 50/50 cotton/polyester bed sheet and the KinAir and the TheraPulse support systems with nylon/High Air Loss GORE-TEX (n/HAL) laminate cushions and coverlets. The moisture vapor management and aeration capabilities of the support system materials were determined, and the frictional force generated against the skin was measured. The results revealed that excessive hydration increases the level of friction against the skin while at the same time reducing the mechanical properties of the protective skin layers. The n/HAL laminate coverlet also had a significantly lower skin friction coefficient than the 50/50 cotton/polyester bed sheet. The significance of these findings is that over-hydration accelerates the abrading action on the skin by increasing the frictional force and decreasing the shear resistance of the skin.

Amélioration des moyens de subsistance agropastoraux dans le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région de l'ANASE. L'honorable Chrystia Freeland, ministre du Commerce international, a annoncé le lancement d'un nouveau projet financé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI). Voir davantageLe CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région ...

Skin findings in Williams syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Kozel, Beth A; Bayliss, Susan J; Berk, David R; Waxler, Jessica L; Knutsen, Russell H; Danback, Joshua R; Pober, Barbara R

2014-09-01

Previous examination in a small number of individuals with Williams syndrome (also referred to as Williams-Beuren syndrome) has shown subtly softer skin and reduced deposition of elastin, an elastic matrix protein important in tissue recoil. No quantitative information about skin elasticity in individuals with Williams syndrome is available; nor has there been a complete report of dermatologic findings in this population. To fill this knowledge gap, 94 patients with Williams syndrome aged 7-50 years were recruited as part of the skin and vascular elasticity (WS-SAVE) study. They underwent either a clinical dermatologic assessment by trained dermatologists (2010 WSA family meeting) or measurement of biomechanical properties of the skin with the DermaLab™ suction cup (2012 WSA family meeting). Clinical assessment confirmed that soft skin is common in this population (83%), as is premature graying of the hair (80% of those 20 years or older), while wrinkles (92%), and abnormal scarring (33%) were detected in larger than expected proportions. Biomechanical studies detected statistically significant differences in dP (the pressure required to lift the skin), dT (the time required to raise the skin through a prescribed gradient), VE (viscoelasticity), and E (Young's modulus) relative to matched controls. The RT (retraction time) also trended longer but was not significant. The biomechanical differences noted in these patients did not correlate with the presence of vascular defects also attributable to elastin insufficiency (vascular stiffness, hypertension, and arterial stenosis) suggesting the presence of tissue specific modifiers that modulate the impact of elastin insufficiency in each tissue. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Vibroacoustic Skin Diagnostics Modeling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Svetlana М. Yatsun

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the mathematical modeling of biological diagnosis of complex heterogeneous structure (skin, using non-destructive control method. The mathematical model, describing interaction of the material with electrodynamic vibration generator and sensor system, controlling the propagation of small disturbances was developed. The influence of material model parameters on the spectrum in the course of the propagation of the surface disturbance

Gestion du Centre | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le Comité de gestion du Centre (CGC) est composé des membres de la haute direction du CRDI, notamment les directeurs de nos quatre bureaux régionaux et de nos principaux secteurs de programme. Le CGC travaille en collaboration avec le président afin de soutenir la recherche pour le développement, lui fournissant ...

Le travesti dans le théâtre du xixe siècle : une distribution à contre-genre ?

OpenAIRE

Khoury, Camille

2018-01-01

Quelques-unes des actrices les plus célèbres du xixe siècle ont laissé à la postérité le souvenir de leurs rôles travestis. C’est notamment le cas de Virginie Déjazet – au point que le déjazet est rapidement devenu synonyme de rôle travesti – ou encore de Sarah Bernhardt. Le travesti est alors un spectacle commun sur les scènes académiques françaises – tandis que certains rôles sont écrits pour être joués en travesti, de grandes actrices s’emparent de rôles masculins pour confronter leur géni...

Skin Findings in Renal Transplantation Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Demet Kartal

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Objective: It was aimed to identify skin findings those were seen in patients who undergone renal transplantation. Methods: Patients who have been followed in Erciyes University Nephrology Hospital renal transplantation outpatient clinic were included in the study. They were evaluated for dermatologic findings during routine controls. Age, gender, transplantation date, identity of organ donor, history of medications, dermatological history and dermatological findings during examination were recorded. Biopsy was performed when needed. Results: In total 94 patients, 25 female (26.6% and 69 male (73.4%, were recruited to the study. Mean age was 36±10 years. The most frequent skin finding was drug-related acne (n=20. Most common infectious disease was verruca (n=17. There were viral disease other than verruca such as herpes zoster (n=3, superficial mycosis such as onychomycosis (n=5, tinea versicolor, tinea pedis and bacterial skin disease (n=2, and paronychia (n=1 and pre-malign lesions such as actinic cheilitis and bowenoid papulosis. Besides these, stria (n=3, kserosis (n=2, cornu cutaneum, café-au-lait spots, sebaceous hyperplasia and seborrheic dermatitis, skin tag, hypertrichosis, unguis incarinatus and calcinosis were other skin findings those were seen. No malign skin lesion was observed in any of patients. Conclusion: Miscellaneous skin lesions should develop in patients those undergone renal transplantation due to long-term utilization of various immunosuppressive drugs.

Characterization of oily mature skin by biophysical and skin imaging techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

de Melo, M O; Maia Campos, P M B G

2018-02-13

The skin is a complex biological system and may suffer change according to the environmental factors, as higher temperatures can increase sebum excretion, presenting oiliness and acne. These alterations can persist during the aging and provoke more changes in aged skin. In this study we evaluated the mature oily skin characteristics using biophysical and skin imaging techniques. Sixty healthy female subjects, aged between 39 and 55 years old were recruited and separated into 2 groups according to their skin type: normal/dry and oily skin. The skin was evaluated in terms of stratum corneum water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) sebum content, dermis thickness and echogenicity, skin microrelief, and pores content. The mature oily skin presented no significant differences when compared to the normal/dry skin on the stratum corneum water content and TEWL parameters. The sebum content was significantly higher on the oily skin group. The microrelief analysis showed an increase of skin roughness values in the oily skin and increase of scaliness in the normal/dry skin. The oily skin showed lower dermis echogenicity mainly in the frontal region and higher dermis thickness when compared to normal/dry skin. The mature oily skin showed different characteristics from normal/dry skin in terms of sebum content, microrelief parameters, and dermis thickness. This way, the characterization of mature oily skin in an objective way is very important to development of dermocosmetic products for more effective treatments focused specially on this type of skin. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Le Cercle de vie : l'agriculture biologique au Mexique | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

13 juil. 2011 ... Le marché, Le Círculo de producción y consumo responsable [le Cercle ... En 2001, le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI) a financé ... provenant du calcaire utilisé dans l'ancien mode de transformation du ... Droits d'auteur · Éthique de la recherche · Politique de libre accès ...

J'ai le plaisir de vous présenter le quatrième rapport annuel du ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

ACCA

savoir autochtone en matière de prévisions météorologiques. ... Le rapport comporte en outre une carte des liens tissés par nos partenaires de recherche avec les décideurs aux échelles locale, nationale et régionale dans le cadre des efforts.

Le paysage anglais: du jardin à la campagne

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilly LEHMANN

1987-12-01

Full Text Available Le rôle des jardins dans le paysage anglais tient tout autant à ce qui se passe dans les esprits qu'aux réalités concrètes. L'apogée dans la création des jardins et des parcs influant sur le paysage campagnard a lieu au 18e siècle. Les créateurs d'alors visent à construire un paysage idéal; les périodes suivantes proposeront aussi les leurs.

Télétravail : Les enjeux de la déspatialisation pour le management humain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laurent Taskin

2006-07-01

Full Text Available En rompant avec une certaine unité de temps, de lieu et d’action, le télétravail bouleverse l’organisation du travail et l’exercice traditionnel des pratiques de management. La déspatialisation, qui renvoie à la distance physique et psychosociologique induite par la pratique du télétravail, constitue l’enjeu central de cette re-régulation nécessaire qui altère fondamentalement la structure du travail et de la supervision. Au cœur de celle-ci, la question du contrôle semble être la dimension la plus critique pour le management. Cette contribution montre comment le contrôle et l’autonomie, qui sont des forces complémentaires en tension au sein des organisations, sont appelés à être reconfigurés dans le cadre du télétravail ; et comment cette nécessaire re-régulation affecte directement la relation managériale, la socialisation organisationnelle et la gestion des carrières.Telework transforms the traditional office space, its management and routines, by exploding the spatio-temporal framework of work. Despatialization, which refers to the geographical and psycho sociological distance consecutive to telework practice, constitutes the major stake of the necessary re-regulation of work in terms of supervision and structure. In tfis context, the control issue represents the most critical dimension for management. This contribution shows how control and autonomy, which are complementary but tightened forces operating inside organizations, have to be re-cast when developing telework; and how this re-regulation affects directly the managerial relationship, organizational socialization, and career management.

Cure of skin cancer. Surgical cure of skin cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zikiryakhodjaev, D.Z.; Sanginov, D.R.

2001-01-01

In this chapter authors studied the cure of skin cancer in particular the surgical cure of skin cancer. They noted that surgical cure of skin cancer is remain one of the primary and most important methods in treatment of skin cancer

Cloning, characterization and effect of TmPGRP-LE gene silencing on survival of Tenebrio molitor against Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Tindwa, Hamisi; Patnaik, Bharat Bhusan; Kim, Dong Hyun; Mun, Seulgi; Jo, Yong Hun; Lee, Bok Luel; Lee, Yong Seok; Kim, Nam Jung; Han, Yeon Soo

2013-11-14

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of innate immune molecules that recognize bacterial peptidoglycan. PGRP-LE, a member of the PGRP family, selectively binds to diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan to activate both the immune deficiency (Imd) and proPhenoloxidase (proPO) pathways in insects. A PGRP-LE-dependent induction of autophagy to control Listeria monocytogenes has also been reported. We identified and partially characterized a novel PGRP-LE homologue, from Tenebrio molitor and analyzed its functional role in the survival of the insect against infection by a DAP-type PGN containing intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame (ORF) of 990 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 329 residues. TmPGRP-LE contains one PGRP domain, but lacks critical residues for amidase activity. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a broad constitutive expression of the transcript at various stages of development spanning from larva to adult. RNAi mediated knockdown of the transcripts, followed by a challenge with L. monocytogenes, showed a significant reduction in survival rate of the larvae, suggesting a putative role of TmPGRP-LE in sensing and control of L. monocytogenes infection in T. molitor. These results implicate PGRP-LE as a defense protein necessary for survival of T. molitor against infection by L. monocytogenes.

Cloning, Characterization and Effect of TmPGRP-LE Gene Silencing on Survival of Tenebrio Molitor against Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yeon Soo Han

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs are a family of innate immune molecules that recognize bacterial peptidoglycan. PGRP-LE, a member of the PGRP family, selectively binds to diaminopimelic acid (DAP-type peptidoglycan to activate both the immune deficiency (Imd and proPhenoloxidase (proPO pathways in insects. A PGRP-LE-dependent induction of autophagy to control Listeria monocytogenes has also been reported. We identified and partially characterized a novel PGRP-LE homologue, from Tenebrio molitor and analyzed its functional role in the survival of the insect against infection by a DAP-type PGN containing intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes. The cDNA is comprised of an open reading frame (ORF of 990 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 329 residues. TmPGRP-LE contains one PGRP domain, but lacks critical residues for amidase activity. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed a broad constitutive expression of the transcript at various stages of development spanning from larva to adult. RNAi mediated knockdown of the transcripts, followed by a challenge with L. monocytogenes, showed a significant reduction in survival rate of the larvae, suggesting a putative role of TmPGRP-LE in sensing and control of L. monocytogenes infection in T. molitor. These results implicate PGRP-LE as a defense protein necessary for survival of T. molitor against infection by L. monocytogenes.

Le patrimoine et ses outils de gestion

CERN Document Server

Garcin, J

2001-01-01

Les principale taches de gestion du Patrimoine immobilier du CERN sont la saisie des données, leur mise à jour, l'archivage et la mise à disposition des informations. Les outils de gestion actuels : Le Système de Gestion de Base de Données Relationnelles alphanumérique ORACLE permet de gérer toutes les informations du Patrimoine, sur le réseau du CERN. Le logiciel de dessin Graphique MICROSTATION (Bentley) a été installé dans la division ST depuis fin 1991. Les plans de situation des sites, des bâtiments et locaux, des espaces confinés ont été réalisés avec ce logiciel. Les outils de demain : La mise en place du SIG (Système d'Information Graphique) STAR a été réalisée en 1993. Le transfert des plans de locaux de MICROSTATION vers STAR est en cours depuis une année environ. Le dessin de la cartographie des réseaux de canalisations Eaux Usées et Eaux Pluviales est en cours de réalisation. Le Web est l'outil de consultation de l'information par les utilisateurs.

Le monde quantique

CERN Document Server

Aspect, A; Bensaude-Vincent, B; Castiel, A; Chevalley, C; Darrigol, O; Deligeorges, S; D'Espagnat, B; Laloë, F; Lévy-Leblond, J-M; Messiah, A; Paty, M; Vuillemin, J; Wheaton, B R

1984-01-01

Le monde quantique La physique quantique, après trois quarts de siècle, n'en finit pas d'être moderne. Elle est présente quotidiennement dans les laboratoires où les physiciens étudient atomes, noyaux et particules. Elle est entrée dans l'industrie où lasers, transistors et supraconducteurs lui doivent d'exister. Et elle continue à alimenter le débat philosophique sur la nature de la réalité dont elle montre la non-séparabilité fondamentale. Ses concepts de base, son développement, ses applications, ses controverses sont ici présentés par une pléiade de physiciens, d'historiens et de philosophes.

Le Pétrole et les dispersants dans les mers baignant le littoral canadien: évaluation des recherches et recommandations

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sprague, John B; Vandermeulen, J. H; Wells, P. G; Birchard, E. C

1982-01-01

...; les methodes d'analyse; les effets du petrole, des dispersants et du petrole disperse chimiquement sur le phytoplancton, les macrophytes, le zooplancton, les poissons, les organismes et animaux benthiques et intertidaux, les oiseaux, les mammiferes marins, les communautes et les ecosystemes. Il comporte certaines recommandations en vue de recherches futures indispensables et donne des conseils sur la facon de minimiser les effets de deversements de petrole dans le milieu marin canadien.

Le CRDI dans les Philippines

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI appuie la recherche dans les. Philippines depuis 1972. Le travail qu'y ont accompli des universités et des instituts de recherche vigoureux et la participation active de la société civile ont entraîné d'importantes améliorations dans les domaines de l'agriculture, du suivi de la pauvreté et de la gestion des forêts.

Un oiseau "sabote" le CERN

CERN Multimedia

Colson, Sébastien

2009-01-01

Un oiseau, un simple oiseau, est parvenu à bloquer à lui tout seul l'accélérateur à particules à 3,7 milliards d'euros. UNe histoire quasiment bulresque qui a toutefois impacté le fonctionnement de la machine durant près de cinq jours, puisque c'est le système de refroidissement qui a été affecté. (1 page)

Effect of UV irradiation on cutaneous cicatrices: a randomized, controlled trial with clinical, skin reflectance, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical evaluations.

Science.gov (United States)

Due, Eva; Rossen, Kristian; Sorensen, Lars Tue; Kliem, Anette; Karlsmark, Tonny; Haedersdal, Merete

2007-01-01

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on human cutaneous cicatrices. In this randomized, controlled study, dermal punch biopsy wounds served as a wound healing model. Wounds healed by primary or second intention and were randomized to postoperative solar UV irradiation or to no UV exposure. Evaluations after 5 and 12 weeks included blinded clinical assessments, skin reflectance measurements, histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analyses of the N-terminal propeptide from procollagen-1, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and proline. Twelve weeks postoperatively, UV-irradiated cicatrices healing by second intention: (i) were significantly pointed out as the most disfiguring; (ii) obtained significantly higher scores of colour, infiltration and cicatrix area; and (iii) showed significantly higher increase in skin-reflectance measurements of skin-pigmentation vs. non-irradiated cicatrices. No histological, immunohistochemical or biochemical differences were found. In conclusion, postoperative UV exposure aggravates the clinical appearance of cicatrices in humans.

La nouvelle bourgeoisie islamique. Le modèle turc, de Dilek Yankaya

OpenAIRE

Lelandais, Gülçin Erdi

2016-01-01

De nombreux travaux sur la Turquie contemporaine ont été réalisés ces dernières années en France. La plus grande partie d’entre eux se focalise sur le champ politique et ses évolutions, les minorités ethniques — notamment les Kurdes –, et sur des mobilisations sociales, politiques et environnementales comme la mobilisation autour du parc Gezi. Le livre de Dilek Yankaya ouvre un nouveau champ d’analyse avec sa recherche, pionnière en son genre en France, qui étudie l’émergence d’une nouvelle é...

Skin dosimetry - radiological protection aspects of skin dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dennis, J.A.

1991-01-01

Following a Workshop in Skin Dosimetry, a summary of the radiological protection aspects is given. Aspects discussed include routine skin monitoring and dose limits, the need for careful skin dosimetry in high accidental exposures, techniques for assessing skin dose at all relevant depths and the specification of dose quantities to be measured by personal dosemeters and the appropriate methods to be used in their calibration. (UK)

Evaluating the Effects of Aluminum-Containing and Non-Aluminum Containing Deodorants on Axillary Skin Toxicity During Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: A 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lewis, Lucy, E-mail: Lucy.lewis@curtin.edu.au [Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (Australia); School of Nursing and Midwifery Curtin University, Perth (Australia); Carson, Sharron [Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (Australia); Bydder, Sean [Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia (Australia); School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia (Australia); Athifa, Mariyam [School of Nursing and Midwifery Curtin University, Perth (Australia); Williams, Anne M. [School of Nursing and Midwifery Curtin University, Perth (Australia); School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia (Australia); Bremner, Alexandra [School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia (Australia)

2014-11-15

Purpose: Deodorant use during radiation therapy for breast cancer has been controversial as there are concerns deodorant use may exacerbate axillary skin toxicity. The present study prospectively determined the use of both aluminum-containing and non aluminum containing deodorants on axillary skin toxicity during conventionally fractionated postoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer. Methods and Materials: This 3-arm randomized controlled study was conducted at a single center, tertiary cancer hospital between March 2011 and April 2013. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 experimental groups (aluminum-containing deodorant and soap or non–aluminum containing deodorant and soap) or a control group (soap). A total of 333 participants were randomized. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate and compare the odds of experiencing high levels of sweating and skin toxicity in each of the deodorant groups to the odds in the control group. The study evaluated a range of endpoints including objective measurements of axilla sweating, skin toxicity, pain, itch and burning. Quality of life was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Results: Radiation characteristics were similar across all groups. Patients in the deodorant groups did not report significantly different ratings for axillary pain, itch, or burning compared with the control group. Patients in the aluminum-containing deodorant group experienced significantly less sweating than the control; the odds of their sweating being barely tolerable and frequently or always interfering with their daily activities was decreased by 85% (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.91). Conclusions: We found no evidence that the use of either aluminum-containing or non–aluminum containing deodorant adversely effects axillary skin reaction during conventionally fractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. Our analysis also suggests patients in the aluminum-containing deodorant arm had

Evaluating the Effects of Aluminum-Containing and Non-Aluminum Containing Deodorants on Axillary Skin Toxicity During Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: A 3-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lewis, Lucy; Carson, Sharron; Bydder, Sean; Athifa, Mariyam; Williams, Anne M.; Bremner, Alexandra

2014-01-01

Purpose: Deodorant use during radiation therapy for breast cancer has been controversial as there are concerns deodorant use may exacerbate axillary skin toxicity. The present study prospectively determined the use of both aluminum-containing and non aluminum containing deodorants on axillary skin toxicity during conventionally fractionated postoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer. Methods and Materials: This 3-arm randomized controlled study was conducted at a single center, tertiary cancer hospital between March 2011 and April 2013. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 experimental groups (aluminum-containing deodorant and soap or non–aluminum containing deodorant and soap) or a control group (soap). A total of 333 participants were randomized. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate and compare the odds of experiencing high levels of sweating and skin toxicity in each of the deodorant groups to the odds in the control group. The study evaluated a range of endpoints including objective measurements of axilla sweating, skin toxicity, pain, itch and burning. Quality of life was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Results: Radiation characteristics were similar across all groups. Patients in the deodorant groups did not report significantly different ratings for axillary pain, itch, or burning compared with the control group. Patients in the aluminum-containing deodorant group experienced significantly less sweating than the control; the odds of their sweating being barely tolerable and frequently or always interfering with their daily activities was decreased by 85% (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.91). Conclusions: We found no evidence that the use of either aluminum-containing or non–aluminum containing deodorant adversely effects axillary skin reaction during conventionally fractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. Our analysis also suggests patients in the aluminum-containing deodorant arm had

Frog skin function revisited

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hviid Larsen, Erik; Ramløv, Hans

2013-01-01

of the epidermis. These mechanisms have evolved pari passu with life alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats associated with permeabilities of the skin controlled by external ion- and osmotic concentrations (loc. cit.). This allows for fast switching of the cutaneous uptake of chloride between active...

Melatonin, mitochondria, and the skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Slominski, Andrzej T; Zmijewski, Michal A; Semak, Igor; Kim, Tae-Kang; Janjetovic, Zorica; Slominski, Radomir M; Zmijewski, Jaroslaw W

2017-11-01

The skin being a protective barrier between external and internal (body) environments has the sensory and adaptive capacity to maintain local and global body homeostasis in response to noxious factors. An important part of the skin response to stress is its ability for melatonin synthesis and subsequent metabolism through the indolic and kynuric pathways. Indeed, melatonin and its metabolites have emerged as indispensable for physiological skin functions and for effective protection of a cutaneous homeostasis from hostile environmental factors. Moreover, they attenuate the pathological processes including carcinogenesis and other hyperproliferative/inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, mitochondria appear to be a central hub of melatonin metabolism in the skin cells. Furthermore, substantial evidence has accumulated on the protective role of the melatonin against ultraviolet radiation and the attendant mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin and its metabolites appear to have a modulatory impact on mitochondrion redox and bioenergetic homeostasis, as well as the anti-apoptotic effects. Of note, some metabolites exhibit even greater impact than melatonin alone. Herein, we emphasize that melatonin-mitochondria axis would control integumental functions designed to protect local and perhaps global homeostasis. Given the phylogenetic origin and primordial actions of melatonin, we propose that the melatonin-related mitochondrial functions represent an evolutionary conserved mechanism involved in cellular adaptive response to skin injury and repair.

Effect of radiation on rat skin collagen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nogami, Akira

1980-01-01

I. Albino male rats were exposed for 16 weeks to ultraviolet light (UVL) which has principle emission at 305 nm. There were no significant changes between control and UVL-exposed skins in the total hydroxyproline content. However, a little increase of citrate-soluble collagen, a little decrease of insoluble collagen and a decrease of aldehyde content in soluble collagen were observed with UVL exposure. Total acid glycosaminoglycan in skin increased 30% or more from control. These results show that the effect of UVL on rat skin in vivo was merely inflammation phenomenon and that the 'aging' process of skin was not caused in our experimental conditions. II. The effects of radiation on the solubility of rat skin collagen were examined under various conditions. 1) When intact rats were exposed to a single dose of radiation from 43 kVp X-ray source, the solubility in skin collagen did not change at 4,000 R dosage, while in irradiation of 40,000 R a decreased solubility in collagen was observed. When rats were given 400 R a week for 12 weeks, there was no changes in the solubility of collagen during experimental period. 2) In vitro exposure to skins, an irradiation of 40,000 R from 43 kVp X-ray source caused a decrease in the solubility of collagen. While an irradiation of 40,000 R of dosage from 200 kVp X-ray source resulted in the increase in soluble collagen and the decrease in insoluble collagen. 3) When intact rats were given a single dose of 40,000 R from 60 Co- gamma -ray, insoluble collagen decreased in both young and adult rats. Similar changes in collagen solubility were observed in vitro gamma -irradiation. (author)

Differences in time-domain and spectral indexes of skin-surface laser-Doppler signals between controls and breast-cancer subjects.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsiu, Hsin; Chen, Chao-Tsung; Hung, Shuo-Hui; Chen, Guan-Zhang; Huang, Yu-Ling

2018-04-13

There is an urgent need to improve the early diagnosis of breast cancer. The present study applied spectral and beat-to-beat analyses to laser-Doppler (LDF) data sequences measured on the skin surface on the back of the right hands, with the aim of comparing the different peripheral microcirculatory-blood-flow (MBF) perfusion condition between breast-cancer and control subjects. ECG and LDF signals were obtained simultaneously and noninvasively from 23 breast-cancer patients and 23 age-matched control subjects. Time-domain beat-to-beat indexes and their variability parameters were calculated. Spectral indexes were calculated using the Morlet wavelet transform. The beat-to-beat LDF pulse width and its variability were significantly smaller in cancer patients than in the controls. The energy contributions of endothelial-, neural-, and myogenic-related frequency bands were also significantly smaller in cancer patients. The present study has revealed significant differences in the beat-to-beat and spectral indexes of skin-surface-acquired LDF signals between control subjects and breast-cancer patients. This illustrates that LDF indexes may be useful for monitoring the changes in the MBF perfusion condition induced by breast cancer. Since the breast-cancer patients were at TNM stages 0- 2, the present findings may aid the development of indexes for detecting breast cancer.

Cutaneous skin tag

Science.gov (United States)

Skin tag; Acrochordon; Fibroepithelial polyp ... have diabetes. They are thought to occur from skin rubbing against skin. ... The tag sticks out of the skin and may have a short, narrow stalk connecting it to the surface of the skin. Some skin tags are as long as ...

Le CERN et les Institutions

CERN Document Server

Barbalat, Oscar

1996-01-01

Une première partie de l'exposéŽ sera consacrée àˆ une brève description des principaux organes de l'Union EuropéŽennne: Conseil, Parlement et Commission ainsi que la structure de la Commission. On passera ensuite en revue le Programme-Cadre de Recherche et DéŽveloppement Technologique et les principaux programmes spéŽcifiques auxquels participe le CERN (ESPRIT, ACTS, TMR) On situera ensuite les autres organisations et initiatives scientifiques européŽennes (ESA, ESO, ESRF, JET, ISTC, EUREKA, ...) pour terminer par une brève revue des relations entre le CERN avec ces difféŽrentes institutions en déŽveloppant plus particulièrement celles avec la Commission.

Radiation sterilization of skin allograft

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kairiyama, E.; Horak, C.; Spinosa, M.; Pachado, J.; Schwint, O.

2009-01-01

In the treatment of burns or accidental loss of skin, cadaveric skin allografts provide an alternative to temporarily cover a wounded area. The skin bank facility is indispensable for burn care. The first human skin bank was established in Argentina in 1989; later, 3 more banks were established. A careful donor selection is carried out according to the national regulation in order to prevent transmissible diseases. As cadaveric human skin is naturally highly contaminated, a final sterilization is necessary to reach a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 10 -6 . The sterilization dose for 106 batches of processed human skin was determined on the basis of the Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilization of Tissue Allografts: Requirements for Validation and Routine Control (2004) and ISO 11137-2 (2006). They ranged from 17.6 to 33.4 kGy for bioburdens of >10-162.700 CFU/100 cm 2 . The presence of Gram negative bacteria was checked for each produced batch. From the analysis of the experimental results, it was observed that the bioburden range was very wide and consequently the estimated sterilization doses too. If this is the case, the determination of a tissue-specific dose per production batch is necessary to achieve a specified requirement of SAL. Otherwise if the dose of 25 kGy is preselected, a standardized method for substantiation of this dose should be done to confirm the radiation sterilization process.

Radiation sterilization of skin allograft

Science.gov (United States)

Kairiyama, E.; Horak, C.; Spinosa, M.; Pachado, J.; Schwint, O.

2009-07-01

In the treatment of burns or accidental loss of skin, cadaveric skin allografts provide an alternative to temporarily cover a wounded area. The skin bank facility is indispensable for burn care. The first human skin bank was established in Argentina in 1989; later, 3 more banks were established. A careful donor selection is carried out according to the national regulation in order to prevent transmissible diseases. As cadaveric human skin is naturally highly contaminated, a final sterilization is necessary to reach a sterility assurance level (SAL) of 10 -6. The sterilization dose for 106 batches of processed human skin was determined on the basis of the Code of Practice for the Radiation Sterilization of Tissue Allografts: Requirements for Validation and Routine Control (2004) and ISO 11137-2 (2006). They ranged from 17.6 to 33.4 kGy for bioburdens of >10-162.700 CFU/100 cm 2. The presence of Gram negative bacteria was checked for each produced batch. From the analysis of the experimental results, it was observed that the bioburden range was very wide and consequently the estimated sterilization doses too. If this is the case, the determination of a tissue-specific dose per production batch is necessary to achieve a specified requirement of SAL. Otherwise if the dose of 25 kGy is preselected, a standardized method for substantiation of this dose should be done to confirm the radiation sterilization process.

Artificial skin and patient simulator comprising the artificial skin

NARCIS (Netherlands)

2011-01-01

The invention relates to an artificial skin (10, 12, 14), and relates to a patient simulator (100) comprising the artificial skin. The artificial skin is a layered structure comprising a translucent cover layer (20) configured for imitating human or animal skin, and comprising a light emitting layer