An RLC interconnect analyzable crosstalk model considering self-heating effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Zhang-Ming; Liu Shu-Bin

2012-01-01

According to the thermal profile of actual multilevel interconnects, in this paper we propose a temperature distribution model of multilevel interconnects and derive an analytical crosstalk model for the distributed resistance—inductance—capacitance (RLC) interconnect considering effect of thermal profile. According to the 65-nm complementary metal—oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, we compare the proposed RLC analytical crosstalk model with the Hspice simulation results for different interconnect coupling conditions and the absolute error is within 6.5%. The computed results of the proposed analytical crosstalk model show that RCL crosstalk decreases with the increase of current density and increases with the increase of insulator thickness. This analytical crosstalk model can be applied to the electronic design automation (EDA) and the design optimization for nanometer CMOS integrated circuits. (interdisciplinary physics and related areas of science and technology)

Control basado en PID inteligentes: aplicación al control de crucero de un vehículo a bajas velocidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Villagrá

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: A pesar de sus limitaciones, la técnica de control mas utilizada en el mundo industrial sigue siendo todavía hoy el control PID. En este artículo se presenta un nuevo enfoque, el control basado en PID inteligentes (i-PID, que aprovecha las virtudes que han hecho tan popular al PID, mejorando uno de sus puntos débiles: la perdida de prestaciones en presencia de términos no-lineales o de dinámicas no modeladas. Para ilustrar las características del i-PID, se ha probado su comportamiento en una aplicación real, el control de crucero de un vehículo experimental a bajas velocidades. Palabras Clave: Controladores PID, Sistemas de control no lineales, Vehículos autónomos, Control de velocidad

Kalman filter estimation of RLC parameters for UMP transmission line

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohd Amin Siti Nur Aishah

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This paper present the development of Kalman filter that allows evaluation in the estimation of resistance (R, inductance (L, and capacitance (C values for Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP short transmission line. To overcome the weaknesses of existing system such as power losses in the transmission line, Kalman Filter can be a better solution to estimate the parameters. The aim of this paper is to estimate RLC values by using Kalman filter that in the end can increase the system efficiency in UMP. In this research, matlab simulink model is developed to analyse the UMP short transmission line by considering different noise conditions to reprint certain unknown parameters which are difficult to predict. The data is then used for comparison purposes between calculated and estimated values. The results have illustrated that the Kalman Filter estimate accurately the RLC parameters with less error. The comparison of accuracy between Kalman Filter and Least Square method is also presented to evaluate their performances.

Control de velocidad de un motor de CD con un controlador PID Wavenet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abraham Christian Pedroza Araujo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El controlador más utilizado actualmente en la industria es el controlador PID. Sin embargo, el algoritmo PID lineal tiene bajo desempeño cuando el proceso a controlar presenta dinámicas complejas como zonas muertas y características no lineales. El funcionamiento del controlador PID en general, se basa en la actuación en forma proporcional, integral y derivativa sobre la señal de error e(t, definida como e(t = yref(t - y(t, con la finalidad de efectuar la señal de control u(t que manipula la salida del proceso en forma deseada como se muestra la Figura 1. Figura 1. Esquema de un control clásico. Figura 1. Esquema de un control clásico. Las constantes kp ki kd son las ganancias del PID. Existen distintas técnicas analíticas y experimentales con el fin de sintonizar esas ganancias. Una alternativa a este problema de sintonización es el controlador PID wavenet, donde por medio de una wavenet y un filtro IIR se estima la salida del sistema a controlar, lo cual se utiliza para re-sintonizar las ganancias de un PID discreto, todo esto en línea. Esta es la alternativa que se emplea en el presente trabajo de investigación y enfocada a la simulación y control de un motor de cd obteniendo resultados.

Herramientas del álgebra lineal para el control de sistemas lineales dinámicos conmutados

OpenAIRE

Rivera Martínez, Laura

2016-01-01

En el presente proyecto se aborda una introducción a la teoría sobre Sistemas Lineales Dinámicos Conmutados (SLDC), con el propósito de estudiar su comportamiento, que posteriormente (en el Capítulo 5) será aplicada a un problema del ámbito de la ingeniería eléctrica : un circuito RLC. A tal fin, se recurre a la teoría generalizada sobre Sistemas Lineales Dinámicos (SLD), (fundamentada a partir de las referencias [1] y [6], esencialmente) en la cual se desarrolla una explicación detallada ...

The Impact of RLC Delivery Sequence on FTP Performance in UMTS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Teyeb, Oumer; Boussif, Malek; Sørensen, Troels Bundgaard

2005-01-01

The Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) provides an option for in- or out-of-sequence delivery of Service Data Units (SDUs) to upper layers. In this paper, the impact of this setting on the performance of File Transport Protocol (FTP) sessions...

Improved Channel Allocation and RLC block scheduling for Downlink traffic in GPRS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, Haibo; Devendra, Devendra; Zhou, Xin

This paper investigates the Radio Resource Management (RRM) approaches for GSM/GPRS networks. The effort was put on Access Control(AC), Time-Slot (TS) allocation, and Radio Link Control (RLC) packet scheduling for down-link performance enhancement. A new credit-based algorithm was proposed...

Quantum RLC circuits: Charge discreteness and resonance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Utreras-Diaz, Constantino A. [Instituto de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja s/n, Casilla 567, Valdivia (Chile)], E-mail: cutreras@uach.cl

2008-10-20

In a recent article [C.A. Utreras-Diaz, Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 5059], we have advanced a semiclassical theory of quantum circuits with discrete charge and electrical resistance. In this work, we present a few elementary applications of this theory. For the zero resistance inductive circuit, we obtain the Stark ladder energies in yet another way; for the circuit driven by a combination d.c. plus a.c. electromotive force (emf) we generalize earlier results by Chandia et al. [K. Chandia, J.C. Flores, E. Lazo, Phys. Lett. A 359 (2006) 693]. As a second application, we investigate the effect of electrical resistance and charge discreteness, in the resonance conditions of a series RLC quantum circuit.

Quantum RLC circuits: Charge discreteness and resonance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Utreras-Diaz, Constantino A.

2008-01-01

In a recent article [C.A. Utreras-Diaz, Phys. Lett. A 372 (2008) 5059], we have advanced a semiclassical theory of quantum circuits with discrete charge and electrical resistance. In this work, we present a few elementary applications of this theory. For the zero resistance inductive circuit, we obtain the Stark ladder energies in yet another way; for the circuit driven by a combination d.c. plus a.c. electromotive force (emf) we generalize earlier results by Chandia et al. [K. Chandia, J.C. Flores, E. Lazo, Phys. Lett. A 359 (2006) 693]. As a second application, we investigate the effect of electrical resistance and charge discreteness, in the resonance conditions of a series RLC quantum circuit

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Science.gov (United States)

... a serious condition, in women. 1 in 8 women with a history of PID experience difficulties getting pregnant. You can prevent PID if you know how to protect yourself. What is PID? Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of a woman’s reproductive organs. It is a complication often caused ...

Designing PID-Fuzzy Controller for Pendubot System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ho Trong Nguyen

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In the paper, authors analize dynamic equation of a pendubot system. Familiar kinds of controller – PID, fuzzy controllers – are concerned. Then, a structure of PID-FUZZY is presented. The comparison of three kinds of controllers – PID, fuzzy and PID-FUZZY shows the better response of system under PID-FUZZY controller. Then, the experiments on the real model also prove the better stabilization of the hybrid controller which is combined between linear and intelligent controller.

A conserved two-component regulatory system, PidS/PidR, globally regulates pigmentation and virulence-related phenotypes of Burkholderia glumae.

Science.gov (United States)

Karki, Hari Sharan; Barphagha, Inderjit Kaur; Ham, Jong Hyun

2012-09-01

Burkholderia glumae is a rice pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial panicle blight. Some strains of this pathogen produce dark brown pigments when grown on casamino-acid peptone glucose (CPG) agar medium. A pigment-positive and highly virulent strain of B. glumae, 411gr-6, was randomly mutagenized with mini-Tn5gus, and the resulting mini-Tn5gus derivatives showing altered pigmentation phenotypes were screened on CPG agar plates to identify the genetic elements governing the pigmentation of B. glumae. In this study, a novel two-component regulatory system (TCRS) composed of the PidS sensor histidine kinase and the PidR response regulator was identified as an essential regulatory factor for pigmentation. Notably, the PidS/PidR TCRS was also required for the elicitation of the hypersensitive response on tobacco leaves, indicating the dependence of the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system of B. glumae on this regulatory factor. In addition, B. glumae mutants defective in the PidS/PidR TCRS showed less production of the phytotoxin, toxoflavin, and less virulence on rice panicles and onion bulbs relative to the parental strain, 411gr-6. The presence of highly homologous PidS and PidR orthologues in other Burkholderia species suggests that PidS/PidR-family TCRSs may exert the same or similar functions in different Burkholderia species, including both plant and animal pathogens. © 2012 THE AUTHORS. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2012 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD.

Control Basado en Eventos de Sistemas de Primer Orden Con Retardo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Ruiz

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La teoría de control PID en su vertiente discreta, apoyándose en una gestión periódica de los muestreos (eventos planificados en tiempo se considera un área madura dentro del paradigma del control automático. Por el contrario, la planificación por eventos deriva, casi inevitablemente, en muestreos asíncronos planteando, problemas adicionales que necesitan ser caracterizados y estudiados. Bajo este escenario, aspectos como la sintonía de los controladores y las condiciones para la estabilidad global o la ausencia de ciclos límite siguen siendo temas que todavía están lejos de ser completamente resueltos. Con el trabajo actual se presenta un nuevo esquema de muestreo y control basado en eventos para sistemas de primer orden con retardo para el que se han analizado los aspectos anteriores. El esquema se basa en el Predictor de Smith para la compensación de los retardos, y en el algoritmo de muestreo SSOD (Symmetric Send- On-Delta para la generación de los eventos. En base a este esquema, se desarrolla el análisis de estabilidad y se propone una metodología de sintonía con una interpretación intuitiva y eficaz. Abstract: PID control theory based on periodic managing of samples has become a well-known area in automatic control. Asynchronous sampling inherent to event-based scheduling causes non-linear dynamics. Under this situation, complex problems arise that must be studied. Issues such as controller tuning, conditions for global stability and the absence of limit cycles are topics that are far from being fully solved yet. In this work, a new event-based scheme of sampling and control for FOPTD processes is presented. The scheme is based on the Smith Predictor structure for delay compensation and the SSOD (Symmetric-Send-On- Delta scheme for events generation. By means of the proposed scheme, a stability analysis is addressed and a simple tuning methodology with effective interpretation is proposed. Palabras clave

PIDs, Types and the Semantic Web

Science.gov (United States)

Schwardmann, Ulrich

2017-04-01

PID Information Types are becoming a crucial role in scientific data management because they can provide state (what) and binding (where) information about digital objects as attributes of the PID. This is a similar but much more flexible approach than the well known mime type characterization, because both of these types concepts allow to decide about preconditions for processes in advance and before touching the data. One aspect of this is the need for standards and correctness of the used types to ensure reliability for the processes operating on the digital objects. This requires registries and schemas for PID InfoTypes and suggests an automated schema generation process. Such a process in combination with data type registries will be described in more detail in the intended talk. Another aspect of PID InfoTypes is its intrinsic grammar as subject-predicate-object triple, with the PID as subject, the type as predicate and its value (often again a PID) as object in this relation. Given the registration of types and the proposed syntactical rigidness of the value, guaranteed by the schema, together with the use of PIDs in subject and predicate, the type concept has the ability to overcome the fuzziness and lack of reliability of semantic web categories with its URL references and possibly changing locations and content. The intended talk will also describe this approach in more detail, discusses the differences to linked data and describes some necessary technological developments for the type concept to keep up with the possibilities currently provided by the semantic web.

Fluorescent lighting system of modified fast starting system; Sistema de alumbrado fluorescente de arranque rapido modificado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendoza E, Ernesto J [Manufacturera De Reactores, S. A., Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1994-12-31

This paper puts into perspective the possible energy saving in using hybrid ballasts for the operation of fast starting lamps. It presents in summarized form some fundamentals of the fluorescent lamps operation, as well as the fast starting modified systems. Also the results of field operation are shown, as well as the effects on the useful life of the lamp T12 as well as the T8. [Espanol] Este trabajo pone en perspectiva el ahorro de energia posible, al emplear balastros hibridos para operar lamparas de arranque rapido. Presenta en forma resumida algunos fundamentos de la operacion de lamparas fluorescentes, asi como de los sistemas de arranque rapido modificado. Se muestran tambien resultados de operacion de campo, asi como los efectos sobre la vida util de las lamparas, tanto T12 como T8.

Fluorescent lighting system of modified fast starting system; Sistema de alumbrado fluorescente de arranque rapido modificado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendoza E, Ernesto J. [Manufacturera De Reactores, S. A., Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1993-12-31

This paper puts into perspective the possible energy saving in using hybrid ballasts for the operation of fast starting lamps. It presents in summarized form some fundamentals of the fluorescent lamps operation, as well as the fast starting modified systems. Also the results of field operation are shown, as well as the effects on the useful life of the lamp T12 as well as the T8. [Espanol] Este trabajo pone en perspectiva el ahorro de energia posible, al emplear balastros hibridos para operar lamparas de arranque rapido. Presenta en forma resumida algunos fundamentos de la operacion de lamparas fluorescentes, asi como de los sistemas de arranque rapido modificado. Se muestran tambien resultados de operacion de campo, asi como los efectos sobre la vida util de las lamparas, tanto T12 como T8.

Liberia PIDS

Data.gov (United States)

US Agency for International Development — PIDS is the web-based system designed to allow data input and consultative sessions by USAID/Liberia's IPs and USAID personnel. It is established and maintained by...

Impact of PID on industrial rooftop PV-installations

Science.gov (United States)

Buerhop, Claudia; Fecher, Frank W.; Pickel, Tobias; Patel, Tirth; Zetzmann, Cornelia; Camus, Christian; Hauch, Jens; Brabec, Christoph J.

2017-08-01

Potential induced degradation (PID) causes severe damage and financial losses even in modern PV-installations. In Germany, approximately 19% of PV-installations suffer from PID and resulting power loss. This paper focuses on the impact of PID in real installations and how different evaluated time intervals influence the performance ratio (PR) and the determined degradation rate. The analysis focuses exemplarily on a 314 kWp PV-system in the Atlantic coastal climate. IR-imaging is used for identifying PID without operation interruption. Historic electric performance data are available from a monitoring system for several years on system level, string level as well as punctually measured module string IV- curves. The data sets are combined for understanding the PID behavior of this PV plant. The number of PID affected cells within a string varies strongly between 1 to 22% with the string position on the building complex. With increasing number of PID-affected cells the performance ratio decreases down to 60% for daily and monthly periods. Local differences in PID evolution rates are identified. An average PR-reduction of -3.65% per year is found for the PV-plant. On the string level the degradation rate varied up to 8.8% per year depending on the string position and the time period. The analysis reveals that PID generation and evolution in roof-top installations on industrial buildings with locally varying operation conditions can be fairly complex. The results yield that local operating conditions, e.g. ambient weather conditions as well as surrounding conditions on an industrial building, seem to have a dominating impact on the PID evolution rate.

First-order irreversible thermodynamic approach to a nonsteady RLC circuit as an energy converter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valencia, G; Arias, L A

2015-01-01

In this work we show a RLC-circuit as energy converter within the context of first-order irreversible thermodynamics (FOIT). For our analysis, we propose an isothermic model with transient elements and passive elements. With the help of the dynamic equations, the Kirchhoff equations, we found the generalized fluxes and forces of the circuit, the equation system shows symmetry of the cross terms, this property is characteristic of the steady state linear systems, but in this case phenomenological coefficients are function of time. Then, we can use these relations, similar to the linear Onsager relations, to construct the characteristic functions of the RLC energy converter: the power output, efficiency, dissipation and ecological function, and study its energetic performance. The study of performance of the converter is based on two parameters, the coupling parameter and the ''forces ratio'' parameter, in this case as functions of time. We find that the behavior of the non-steady state converter is similar to the behavior of steady state energy converter. We will explain the linear and symmetric behavior of the converter in the frequencies space rather than in the time space. Finally, we establish optimal operation regimes of economic degree of coupling for this energy converter

Soft Real-Time PID Control on a VME Computer

Science.gov (United States)

Karayan, Vahag; Sander, Stanley; Cageao, Richard

2007-01-01

microPID (uPID) is a computer program for real-time proportional + integral + derivative (PID) control of a translation stage in a Fourier-transform ultraviolet spectrometer. microPID implements a PID control loop over a position profile at sampling rate of 8 kHz (sampling period 125microseconds). The software runs in a strippeddown Linux operating system on a VersaModule Eurocard (VME) computer operating in real-time priority queue using an embedded controller, a 16-bit digital-to-analog converter (D/A) board, and a laser-positioning board (LPB). microPID consists of three main parts: (1) VME device-driver routines, (2) software that administers a custom protocol for serial communication with a control computer, and (3) a loop section that obtains the current position from an LPB-driver routine, calculates the ideal position from the profile, and calculates a new voltage command by use of an embedded PID routine all within each sampling period. The voltage command is sent to the D/A board to control the stage. microPID uses special kernel headers to obtain microsecond timing resolution. Inasmuch as microPID implements a single-threaded process and all other processes are disabled, the Linux operating system acts as a soft real-time system.

Research on digital PID control algorithm for HPCT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zeng Yi; Li Rui; Shen Tianjian; Ke Xinhua

2009-01-01

Digital PID applied in high-precision HPCT (High-precision current transducer) based on Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2812 and special D/A converter was researched. By using increment style PID Control algorithm, the stability and precision of high-precision HPCT output voltage is improved. On basis of deeply analysing incremental digital PID, the scheme model of HPCT is proposed, the feasibility simulation using Matlab is given. Practical hardware circuit verified the incremental PID has closed-loop control process in tracking HPCT output voltage. (authors)

Performance of a small stand alone photovoltaic-wind system at El Oyameyo D.F., Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Juarez, A.; Campos, J. [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Tiburcio Silver, A. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca-Division de Posgrado, Toluca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

hibrido fotovoltaico-viento. La potencia electrica instalada para los sistemas FV autocontenidos estan en el rango de 48 W-p hasta 768 W-p. Entre estos hay 4 sistemas FV que estan configurados en sistemas regulados de CD y otros 6 son sistemas regulados de CA. Todos estos sistemas utilizan bancos de baterias de plomo-acido (selladas o ventiladas) para almacenar la energia producida diariamente por los sistemas. El sistema hibrido FV-Viento esta formado actualmente por un aerogenerador de 5.0 Kw, un arreglo FV de 768 W-p, un banco de baterias de almacenamiento de 37.8 Kw-h y un inversor de DC/AC de 5.0 Kw. En este articulo se reporta la electricidad generada, el patron de carga y el comportamiento general del sistema hibrido fotovoltaico-viento. Se presentan tambien las caracteristicas tecnicas, las pruebas de energia del sistema hibrido y la experiencia obtenida del manejo de la energia y del mantenimiento del sistema para todos los sistemas. Se encontro que todos los sistemas habian demostrado buen desempeno a satisfaccion del usuario.

Performance of a small stand alone photovoltaic-wind system at El Oyameyo D.F., Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Juarez, A; Campos, J [Centro de Investigacion en Energia, UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Tiburcio Silver, A [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca-Division de Posgrado, Toluca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

hibrido fotovoltaico-viento. La potencia electrica instalada para los sistemas FV autocontenidos estan en el rango de 48 W-p hasta 768 W-p. Entre estos hay 4 sistemas FV que estan configurados en sistemas regulados de CD y otros 6 son sistemas regulados de CA. Todos estos sistemas utilizan bancos de baterias de plomo-acido (selladas o ventiladas) para almacenar la energia producida diariamente por los sistemas. El sistema hibrido FV-Viento esta formado actualmente por un aerogenerador de 5.0 Kw, un arreglo FV de 768 W-p, un banco de baterias de almacenamiento de 37.8 Kw-h y un inversor de DC/AC de 5.0 Kw. En este articulo se reporta la electricidad generada, el patron de carga y el comportamiento general del sistema hibrido fotovoltaico-viento. Se presentan tambien las caracteristicas tecnicas, las pruebas de energia del sistema hibrido y la experiencia obtenida del manejo de la energia y del mantenimiento del sistema para todos los sistemas. Se encontro que todos los sistemas habian demostrado buen desempeno a satisfaccion del usuario.

Improved fuzzy PID controller design using predictive functional control structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yuzhong; Jin, Qibing; Zhang, Ridong

2017-11-01

In conventional PID scheme, the ensemble control performance may be unsatisfactory due to limited degrees of freedom under various kinds of uncertainty. To overcome this disadvantage, a novel PID control method that inherits the advantages of fuzzy PID control and the predictive functional control (PFC) is presented and further verified on the temperature model of a coke furnace. Based on the framework of PFC, the prediction of the future process behavior is first obtained using the current process input signal. Then, the fuzzy PID control based on the multi-step prediction is introduced to acquire the optimal control law. Finally, the case study on a temperature model of a coke furnace shows the effectiveness of the fuzzy PID control scheme when compared with conventional PID control and fuzzy self-adaptive PID control. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Laboratorio Web SCORM de Control PID con Integración Avanzada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ildefonso Ruano Ruano

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los laboratorios Web (WebLabs son recursos cada vez más utilizados en las carreras técnicas universitarias. Cuando se presentan integrados en un sistema de gestión de aprendizaje (LMS, Learning Management System se obtienen una serie de ventajas para alumnos y docentes entre las que destaca el hecho de mostrarse en un entorno conocido y la posibilidad de personalizar la experiencia gracias a la identificación de usuarios que realiza el LMS. Este trabajo muestra un WebLab sobre control Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo (PID, un contenido fundamental de las asignaturas de Automática que se encuentra en todos los grados de Ingeniería Industrial. Este WebLab ha sido desarrollado mediante una metodología innovadora con la que se obtiene un recurso de aprendizaje eficaz basado en un paquete SCORM (Shared Content Object Reference Model. SCORM es el estándar de contenidos de e-learning más utilizado y es compatible con la mayoría de los LMS del mercado, esto permite que el WebLab pueda ser reutilizado fácilmente en diferentes entornos LMS. El WebLab contiene un plan de aprendizaje que incluye una serie de recursos de utilidad docente como teoría de control PID, pruebas de evaluación, un laboratorio virtual de control PID de un motor de corriente continua y experimentos personalizados para cada alumno cuyos resultados son almacenados en el LMS. Este WebLab se ha presentado en el LMS institucional de la Universidad de Jaén a 340 alumnos de la asignatura “Automática Industrial” en el curso 2014-15. Los datos de uso han permitido realizar diversas evaluaciones que demuestran que los alumnos que lo han completado han obtenido un rendimiento excelente en el propio WebLab, han conseguido unos resultados muy superiores al resto de alumnos en la evaluación final de la asignatura y lo han valorado muy positivamente. También se ha demostrado la reusabilidad del WebLab en diferentes LMS

Discrete PID Tuning Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petr DOLEŽEL

2009-06-01

Full Text Available PID controllers are widely used in industry these days due to their useful properties such as simple tuning or robustness. While they are applicable to many control problems, they can perform poorly in some applications. Highly nonlinear system control with constrained manipulated variable can be mentioned as an example. The point of the paper is to string together convenient qualities of conventional PID control and progressive techniques based on Artificial Intelligence. Proposed control method should deal with even highly nonlinear systems. To be more specific, there is described new method of discrete PID controller tuning in this paper. This method tunes discrete PID controller parameters online through the use of genetic algorithm and neural model of controlled system in order to control successfully even highly nonlinear systems. After method description and some discussion, there is performed control simulation and comparison to one chosen conventional control method.

Dynamic PID loop control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pei, L.; Klebaner, A.; Theilacker, J.; Soyars, W.; Martinez, A.; Bossert, R.; DeGraff, B.; Darve, C.

2011-01-01

The Horizontal Test Stand (HTS) SRF Cavity and Cryomodule 1 (CM1) of eight 9-cell, 1.3GHz SRF cavities are operating at Fermilab. For the cryogenic control system, how to hold liquid level constant in the cryostat by regulation of its Joule-Thompson JT-valve is very important after cryostat cool down to 2.0 K. The 72-cell cryostat liquid level response generally takes a long time delay after regulating its JT-valve; therefore, typical PID control loop should result in some cryostat parameter oscillations. This paper presents a type of PID parameter self-optimal and Time-Delay control method used to reduce cryogenic system parameters oscillation.

Performance Evaluation of a PID and a Fuzzy PID Controllers Designed for Controlling a Simulated Quadcopter Rotational Dynamics Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laith Jasim Saud

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This work is concerned with designing two types of controllers, a PID and a Fuzzy PID, to be used for flying and stabilizing a quadcopter. The designed controllers have been tuned, tested, and compared using two performance indices which are the Integral Square Error (ISE and the Integral Absolute Error (IAE, and also some response characteristics like the rise time, overshoot, settling time, and the steady state error. To try and test the controllers, a quadcopter mathematical model has been developed. The model concentrated on the rotational dynamics of the quadcopter, i.e. the roll, pitch, and yaw variables. The work has been simulated with “MATLAB”. To make testing the simulated model and the controllers more realistic, the testing signals have been applied by a user through a joystick interfaced to the computer. The results obtained indicated a general superiority in performance for the Fuzzy PID controller over the PID controller used in this work. This conclusion is based by the following figures:lesser ISA for the roll, pitch, and yaw consequently, lesser IAE for the roll, pitch, and yaw consequently, lesser rise time and settling time for the roll and pitch consequently, and lesser settling time for the yaw. Moreover, the FPID gave zero overshoot versus and in the PID case for the roll, pitch, and yaw consequently. Both controllers gave zero steady state error with close rise times for the yaw. This superiority of the FPID controller is gained as the fuzzy part of it continuously and online adapts the parameters of the PID part.

Cylinder Position Servo Control Based on Fuzzy PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shibo Cai

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The arbitrary position control of cylinder has always been the hard challenge in pneumatic system. We try to develop a cylinder position servo control method by combining fuzzy PID with the theoretical model of the proportional valve-controlled cylinder system. The pressure differential equation of cylinder, pressure-flow equation of proportional valve, and moment equilibrium equation of cylinder are established. And the mathematical models of the cylinder driving system are linearized. Then fuzzy PID control algorithm is designed for the cylinder position control, including the detail analysis of fuzzy variables and domain, fuzzy logic rules, and defuzzification. The stability of the proposed fuzzy PID controller is theoretically proved according to the small gain theorem. Experiments for targets position of 250 mm, 300 mm, and 350 mm were done and the results showed that the absolute error of the position control is less than 0.25 mm. And comparative experiment between fuzzy PID and classical PID verified the advantage of the proposed algorithm.

Using hot lab to increase pre-service physics teacher’s critical thinking skills related to the topic of RLC circuit

Science.gov (United States)

Malik, A.; Setiawan, A.; Suhandi, A.; Permanasari, A.; Samsudin, A.; Safitri, D.; Lisdiani, S. A. S.; Sapriadil, S.; Hermita, N.

2018-05-01

This research purposes to explore the used of Higher Order Thinking Laboratory (HOT-Lab) in enhancing the critical thinking skills of pre-service teachers related to the topic of Resistors, Inductors, Capacitor (RLC circuit). This study utilised a quasi-experiment method with Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. The sample of the study was 60 students that were divided into two groups covering in experiment and control group, consists of 30 students. The instrument for measuring critical thinking skills is essay test. Data has been analyzed using normalized gain average, effect size, and t-test. The results show that students’ critical thinking skills using the HOT Lab are higher than the verification lab. Using HOT-lab was implemented in the form of activity in the laboratory can improve high-order thinking skills. Hence, it was concluded that the use of HOT Lab had a greater impact on improving students’ critical thinking skills on RLC topic. Finally, HOT Lab can be used for other physics topics.

Research on fuzzy PID control to electronic speed regulator

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Xiao-gang; Chen, Xue-hui; Zheng, Sheng-guo

2007-12-01

As an important part of diesel engine, the speed regulator plays an important role in stabilizing speed and improving engine's performance. Because there are so many model parameters of diesel-engine considered in traditional PID control and these parameters present non-linear characteristic.The method to adjust engine speed using traditional PID is not considered as a best way. Especially for the diesel-engine generator set. In this paper, the Fuzzy PID control strategy is proposed. Some problems about its utilization in electronic speed regulator are discussed. A mathematical model of electric control system for diesel-engine generator set is established and the way of the PID parameters in the model to affect the function of system is analyzed. And then it is proposed the differential coefficient must be applied in control design for reducing dynamic deviation of system and adjusting time. Based on the control theory, a study combined control with PID calculation together for turning fuzzy PID parameter is implemented. And also a simulation experiment about electronic speed regulator system was conducted using Matlab/Simulink and the Fuzzy-Toolbox. Compared with the traditional PID Algorithm, the simulated results presented obvious improvements in the instantaneous speed governing rate and steady state speed governing rate of diesel-engine generator set when the fuzzy logic control strategy used.

CAS algorithm-based optimum design of PID controller in AVR system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Hui; Li Lixiang; Zhao Ying; Guo Yu; Yang Yixian

2009-01-01

This paper presents a novel design method for determining the optimal PID controller parameters of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system using the chaotic ant swarm (CAS) algorithm. In the tuning process of parameters, the CAS algorithm is iterated to give the optimal parameters of the PID controller based on the fitness theory, where the position vector of each ant in the CAS algorithm corresponds to the parameter vector of the PID controller. The proposed CAS-PID controllers can ensure better control system performance with respect to the reference input in comparison with GA-PID controllers. Numerical simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of PID controller based on CAS algorithm.

Beam closed orbit feedback based on PID control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xuan Ke; Wang Lin; Liu Gongfa; Li Weimin; Li Chuan; Wang Jigang; Bao Xun; Xu Hongliang

2013-01-01

The algorithm in the feedback system has important influence on the performance of the beam orbit. Good feedback algorithm can greatly improve the beam orbit stability. In this paper, the theory of beam closed orbit correction, the principle of PID control and the beam closed orbit feedback correction using PID control were introduced. The simulation results were given. Compared with least-square method, the PID feedback algorithm makes the steady-state error smaller and more accurate, and enhances the beam orbit stability. (authors)

Parameters-tuning of PID controller for automatic voltage regulators using the African buffalo optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Mohmad Kahar, Mohd Nizam; Noraziah, A.

2017-01-01

In this paper, an attempt is made to apply the African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) to tune the parameters of a PID controller for an effective Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Existing metaheuristic tuning methods have been proven to be quite successful but there were observable areas that need improvements especially in terms of the system’s gain overshoot and steady steady state errors. Using the ABO algorithm where each buffalo location in the herd is a candidate solution to the Proportional-Integral-Derivative parameters was very helpful in addressing these two areas of concern. The encouraging results obtained from the simulation of the PID Controller parameters-tuning using the ABO when compared with the performance of Genetic Algorithm PID (GA-PID), Particle-Swarm Optimization PID (PSO-PID), Ant Colony Optimization PID (ACO-PID), PID, Bacteria-Foraging Optimization PID (BFO-PID) etc makes ABO-PID a good addition to solving PID Controller tuning problems using metaheuristics. PMID:28441390

Self tuning fuzzy PID type load and frequency controller

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yesil, E.; Guezelkaya, M.; Eksin, I.

2004-01-01

In this paper, a self tuning fuzzy PID type controller is proposed for solving the load frequency control (LFC) problem. The fuzzy PID type controller is constructed as a set of control rules, and the control signal is directly deduced from the knowledge base and the fuzzy inference. Moreover, there exists a self tuning mechanism that adjusts the input scaling factor corresponding to the derivative coefficient and the output scaling factor corresponding to the integral coefficient of the PID type fuzzy logic controller in an on-line manner. The self tuning mechanism depends on the peak observer idea, and this idea is modified and adapted to the LFC problem. A two area interconnected system is assumed for demonstrations. The proposed self tuning fuzzy PID type controller has been compared with the fuzzy PID type controller without a self tuning mechanism and the conventional integral controller through some performance indices

Position Control of Pneumatic Actuator Using Self-Regulation Nonlinear PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Syed Najib Syed Salim

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The enhancement of nonlinear PID (N-PID controller for a pneumatic positioning system is proposed to improve the performance of this controller. This is executed by utilizing the characteristic of rate variation of the nonlinear gain that is readily available in N-PID controller. The proposed equation, namely, self-regulation nonlinear function (SNF, is used to reprocess the error signal with the purpose of generating the value of the rate variation, continuously. With the addition of this function, a new self-regulation nonlinear PID (SN-PID controller is proposed. The proposed controller is then implemented to a variably loaded pneumatic actuator. Simulation and experimental tests are conducted with different inputs, namely, step, multistep, and random waveforms, to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. The results obtained have been proven as a novel initiative at examining and identifying the characteristic based on a new proposal controller resulting from N-PID controller. The transient response is improved by a factor of 2.2 times greater than previous N-PID technique. Moreover, the performance of pneumatic positioning system is remarkably good under various loads.

Application of integral-separated PID algorithm in orbit feedback

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xuan, K.; Bao, X.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Liu, G.; Wang, J.; Wang, L.

2012-01-01

The algorithm in the feedback system has important influence on the performance of the beam orbit. PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm is widely used in the beam orbit feedback system; however, the deficiency of PID algorithm is a big overshooting in strong perturbations. In order to overcome the deficiencies, the integral-separated PID algorithm is developed. When the closed orbit distortion is too large, it cancels integration action until the closed orbit distortion is lower than the separation threshold value. The implementation of integral-separated PID algorithm with MATLAB is described in this paper. The simulation results show that this algorithm can improve the control precision. (authors)

Research on laser cladding control system based on fuzzy PID

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Chuanwei; Yu, Zhengyang

2017-12-01

Laser cladding technology has a high demand for control system, and the domestic laser cladding control system mostly uses the traditional PID control algorithm. Therefore, the laser cladding control system has a lot of room for improvement. This feature is suitable for laser cladding technology, Based on fuzzy PID three closed-loop control system, and compared with the conventional PID; At the same time, the laser cladding experiment and friction and wear experiment were carried out under the premise of ensuring the reasonable control system. Experiments show that compared with the conventional PID algorithm in fuzzy the PID algorithm under the surface of the cladding layer is more smooth, the surface roughness increases, and the wear resistance of the cladding layer is also enhanced.

LFC based adaptive PID controller using ANN and ANFIS techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed I. Mosaad

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an adaptive PID Load Frequency Control (LFC for power systems using Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN oriented by Genetic Algorithm (GA. PID controller parameters are tuned off-line by using GA to minimize integral error square over a wide-range of load variations. The values of PID controller parameters obtained from GA are used to train both ANFIS and ANN. Therefore, the two proposed techniques could, online, tune the PID controller parameters for optimal response at any other load point within the operating range. Testing of the developed techniques shows that the adaptive PID-LFC could preserve optimal performance over the whole loading range. Results signify superiority of ANFIS over ANN in terms of performance measures.

Quantum Effect in the Mesoscopic RLC Circuits with a Source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jianxin; Yan Zhanyuan

2005-01-01

The research work on the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits has undergone a rapid development recently, however the whole quantum theory of the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness of the electric charge. In this paper, based on the fundamental fact that the electric charge takes discrete values, the finite-difference Schroedinger equation of the mesoscopic RLC circuit with a source is achieved. With a unitary transformation, the Schroedinger equation becomes the standard Mathieu equation, then the energy spectrum and the wave functions of the system are obtained. Using the WKBJ method, the average of currents and square of the current are calculated. The results show the existence of the current fluctuation, which causes noise in the circuits. This paper is an application of the whole quantum mesoscopic circuits theory to the fundamental circuits, and the results will shed light on the design of the miniation circuits, especially on the purpose of reducing quantum noise coherent controlling of the mesoscopic quantum states.

Neural PID Control Strategy for Networked Process Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianhua Zhang

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A new method with a two-layer hierarchy is presented based on a neural proportional-integral-derivative (PID iterative learning method over the communication network for the closed-loop automatic tuning of a PID controller. It can enhance the performance of the well-known simple PID feedback control loop in the local field when real networked process control applied to systems with uncertain factors, such as external disturbance or randomly delayed measurements. The proposed PID iterative learning method is implemented by backpropagation neural networks whose weights are updated via minimizing tracking error entropy of closed-loop systems. The convergence in the mean square sense is analysed for closed-loop networked control systems. To demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed strategies, a pressure-tank experiment is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method in network process control systems.

New method for the exact determination of the effective conductivity and the local field in RLC networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zekri, L.; Zekri, N.; Bouamrane, R.

1999-10-01

We present a new numerical method for determining exactly the effective conductivity and the local field for random RLC networks. This method is compared to a real space renormalization group method and the Frank and Lobb method. Although our method is slower than the Frank and Lobb method, it also computes exactly the local field for large size systems. We also show that the renormalization group method fails in determining the local field. (author)

Optimization Settings in the Fuzzy Combined Mamdani PID Controller

Science.gov (United States)

Kudinov, Y. I.; Pashchenko, F. F.; Pashchenko, A. F.; Kelina, A. Y.; Kolesnikov, V. A.

2017-11-01

In the present work the actual problem of determining the optimal settings of fuzzy parallel proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is considered to control nonlinear plants that is not always possible to perform with classical linear PID controllers. In contrast to the linear fuzzy PID controllers there are no analytical methods of settings calculation. In this paper, we develop a numerical optimization approach to determining the coefficients of a fuzzy PID controller. Decomposition method of optimization is proposed, the essence of which was as follows. All homogeneous coefficients were distributed to the relevant groups, for example, three error coefficients, the three coefficients of the changes of errors and the three coefficients of the outputs P, I and D components. Consistently in each of such groups the search algorithm was selected that has determined the coefficients under which we receive the schedule of the transition process satisfying all the applicable constraints. Thus, with the help of Matlab and Simulink in a reasonable time were found the factors of a fuzzy PID controller, which meet the accepted limitations on the transition process.

Design and optimization of fuzzy-PID controller for the nuclear reactor power control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Cheng; Peng Jinfeng; Zhao Fuyu; Li Chong

2009-01-01

This paper introduces a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (fuzzy-PID) control strategy, and applies it to the nuclear reactor power control system. At the fuzzy-PID control strategy, the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is exploited to extend the finite sets of PID gains to the possible combinations of PID gains in stable region and the genetic algorithm to improve the 'extending' precision through quadratic optimization for the membership function (MF) of the FLC. Thus the FLC tunes the gains of PID controller to adapt the model changing with the power. The fuzzy-PID has been designed and simulated to control the reactor power. The simulation results show the favorable performance of the fuzzy-PID controller.

The hybrid generation systems of Campinas-Amazonas and Joanes-Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moszkowicz, M.; Ribeiro, C. M.; Borba, A. J. V. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Electrica (CEPEL), (Brazil)

1997-12-31

The Brazilian Amazon region is an ideal location for isolated mini-grid systems. Thousands of Diesel systems have been installed to supply electricity to this sparsely populated region. However, the availability of renewable resources makes the Amazon well-suited to renewable energy systems. This paper describes the technical characteristics and touches economic aspects of two hybrid systems being installed in this region through the cooperative effort of multiple partners: Brazilian CEPEL/ELETROBRAS and State Electric Utilities and U.S. Department of Energy, through NREL. It focuses on the market potential for hybrid systems in Northern Brazil and discusses the configuration of the two prototypes, the effort to implement both systems and the preliminary results of these projects. [Espanol] La region Brasilena del Amazonas es un lugar ideal para los sistemas aislados de mini-red. Se han instalado miles de sistemas Diesel para proporcionar electricidad a esta region escasamente poblada. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de fuentes renovables hacen la Amazonia muy adecuada para sistemas renovables de energia. Este articulo describe las caracteristicas tecnicas y toca aspectos economicos de dos sistemas hibridos que se estan instalando en esta region mediante el esfuerzo cooperativo de multiples participantes: La brasilena CEPEL/ELECTROBRAS y las Empresas Electrica Estatales, el U.S. Departament of Energy, a traves de NREL. Se enfoca al mercado potencial de sistemas hibridos en Brasil del Norte y analiza la configuracion de los dos prototipos, el esfuerzo de instaurar ambos sistemas y los resultados preliminares de estos proyectos.

The hybrid generation systems of Campinas-Amazonas and Joanes-Para

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moszkowicz, M; Ribeiro, C M; Borba, A J. V. [Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Electrica (CEPEL), (Brazil)

1998-12-31

The Brazilian Amazon region is an ideal location for isolated mini-grid systems. Thousands of Diesel systems have been installed to supply electricity to this sparsely populated region. However, the availability of renewable resources makes the Amazon well-suited to renewable energy systems. This paper describes the technical characteristics and touches economic aspects of two hybrid systems being installed in this region through the cooperative effort of multiple partners: Brazilian CEPEL/ELETROBRAS and State Electric Utilities and U.S. Department of Energy, through NREL. It focuses on the market potential for hybrid systems in Northern Brazil and discusses the configuration of the two prototypes, the effort to implement both systems and the preliminary results of these projects. [Espanol] La region Brasilena del Amazonas es un lugar ideal para los sistemas aislados de mini-red. Se han instalado miles de sistemas Diesel para proporcionar electricidad a esta region escasamente poblada. Sin embargo, la disponibilidad de fuentes renovables hacen la Amazonia muy adecuada para sistemas renovables de energia. Este articulo describe las caracteristicas tecnicas y toca aspectos economicos de dos sistemas hibridos que se estan instalando en esta region mediante el esfuerzo cooperativo de multiples participantes: La brasilena CEPEL/ELECTROBRAS y las Empresas Electrica Estatales, el U.S. Departament of Energy, a traves de NREL. Se enfoca al mercado potencial de sistemas hibridos en Brasil del Norte y analiza la configuracion de los dos prototipos, el esfuerzo de instaurar ambos sistemas y los resultados preliminares de estos proyectos.

A novel auto-tuning PID control mechanism for nonlinear systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Cetin, Meric; Iplikci, Serdar

2015-09-01

In this paper, a novel Runge-Kutta (RK) discretization-based model-predictive auto-tuning proportional-integral-derivative controller (RK-PID) is introduced for the control of continuous-time nonlinear systems. The parameters of the PID controller are tuned using RK model of the system through prediction error-square minimization where the predicted information of tracking error provides an enhanced tuning of the parameters. Based on the model-predictive control (MPC) approach, the proposed mechanism provides necessary PID parameter adaptations while generating additive correction terms to assist the initially inadequate PID controller. Efficiency of the proposed mechanism has been tested on two experimental real-time systems: an unstable single-input single-output (SISO) nonlinear magnetic-levitation system and a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) liquid-level system. RK-PID has been compared to standard PID, standard nonlinear MPC (NMPC), RK-MPC and conventional sliding-mode control (SMC) methods in terms of control performance, robustness, computational complexity and design issue. The proposed mechanism exhibits acceptable tuning and control performance with very small steady-state tracking errors, and provides very short settling time for parameter convergence. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computation of robustly stabilizing PID controllers for interval systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Matušů, Radek; Prokop, Roman

2016-01-01

The paper is focused on the computation of all possible robustly stabilizing Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers for plants with interval uncertainty. The main idea of the proposed method is based on Tan's (et al.) technique for calculation of (nominally) stabilizing PI and PID controllers or robustly stabilizing PI controllers by means of plotting the stability boundary locus in either P-I plane or P-I-D space. Refinement of the existing method by consideration of 16 segment plants instead of 16 Kharitonov plants provides an elegant and efficient tool for finding all robustly stabilizing PID controllers for an interval system. The validity and relatively effortless application of presented theoretical concepts are demonstrated through a computation and simulation example in which the uncertain mathematical model of an experimental oblique wing aircraft is robustly stabilized.

Interval type-2 fuzzy PID controller for uncertain nonlinear inverted pendulum system.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Bardini, Mohammad; El-Nagar, Ahmad M

2014-05-01

In this paper, the interval type-2 fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller (IT2F-PID) is proposed for controlling an inverted pendulum on a cart system with an uncertain model. The proposed controller is designed using a new method of type-reduction that we have proposed, which is called the simplified type-reduction method. The proposed IT2F-PID controller is able to handle the effect of structure uncertainties due to the structure of the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2-FLS). The results of the proposed IT2F-PID controller using a new method of type-reduction are compared with the other proposed IT2F-PID controller using the uncertainty bound method and the type-1 fuzzy PID controller (T1F-PID). The simulation and practical results show that the performance of the proposed controller is significantly improved compared with the T1F-PID controller. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Longitudinal control of aircraft dynamics based on optimization of PID parameters

Science.gov (United States)

Deepa, S. N.; Sudha, G.

2016-03-01

Recent years many flight control systems and industries are employing PID controllers to improve the dynamic behavior of the characteristics. In this paper, PID controller is developed to improve the stability and performance of general aviation aircraft system. Designing the optimum PID controller parameters for a pitch control aircraft is important in expanding the flight safety envelope. Mathematical model is developed to describe the longitudinal pitch control of an aircraft. The PID controller is designed based on the dynamic modeling of an aircraft system. Different tuning methods namely Zeigler-Nichols method (ZN), Modified Zeigler-Nichols method, Tyreus-Luyben tuning, Astrom-Hagglund tuning methods are employed. The time domain specifications of different tuning methods are compared to obtain the optimum parameters value. The results prove that PID controller tuned by Zeigler-Nichols for aircraft pitch control dynamics is better in stability and performance in all conditions. Future research work of obtaining optimum PID controller parameters using artificial intelligence techniques should be carried out.

Neuro-PID tracking control of a discharge air temperature system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaheer-uddin, M.; Tudoroiu, N.

2004-01-01

In this paper, the problem of improving the performance of a discharge air temperature (DAT) system using a PID controller and augmenting it with neural network based tuning and tracking functions is explored. The DAT system is modeled as a SISO (single input single output) system. The architecture of the real time neuro-PID controller and simulation results obtained under realistic operating conditions are presented. The neural network assisted PID tuning method is simple to implement. Results show that the network assisted PID controller is able to track both constant and variable set point trajectories efficiently in the presence of disturbances acting on the DAT system

Cascade control of superheated steam temperature with neuro-PID controller.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jianhua; Zhang, Fenfang; Ren, Mifeng; Hou, Guolian; Fang, Fang

2012-11-01

In this paper, an improved cascade control methodology for superheated processes is developed, in which the primary PID controller is implemented by neural networks trained by minimizing error entropy criterion. The entropy of the tracking error can be estimated recursively by utilizing receding horizon window technique. The measurable disturbances in superheated processes are input to the neuro-PID controller besides the sequences of tracking error in outer loop control system, hence, feedback control is combined with feedforward control in the proposed neuro-PID controller. The convergent condition of the neural networks is analyzed. The implementation procedures of the proposed cascade control approach are summarized. Compared with the neuro-PID controller using minimizing squared error criterion, the proposed neuro-PID controller using minimizing error entropy criterion may decrease fluctuations of the superheated steam temperature. A simulation example shows the advantages of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic Algorithm Based PID Controller Tuning Approach for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

OpenAIRE

A. Jayachitra; R. Vinodha

2014-01-01

Genetic algorithm (GA) based PID (proportional integral derivative) controller has been proposed for tuning optimized PID parameters in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process using a weighted combination of objective functions, namely, integral square error (ISE), integral absolute error (IAE), and integrated time absolute error (ITAE). Optimization of PID controller parameters is the key goal in chemical and biochemical industries. PID controllers have narrowed down the operating r...

Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID Controller Tuning using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. S. Bassi

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The proportional-integral-derivative (PID controllers are the most popular controllers used in industry because of their remarkable effectiveness, simplicity of implementation and broad applicability. However, manual tuning of these controllers is time consuming, tedious and generally lead to poor performance. This tuning which is application specific also deteriorates with time as a result of plant parameter changes. This paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI method of particle swarm optimization (PSO algorithm for tuning the optimal proportional-integral derivative (PID controller parameters for industrial processes. This approach has superior features, including easy implementation, stable convergence characteristic and good computational efficiency over the conventional methods. Ziegler- Nichols, tuning method was applied in the PID tuning and results were compared with the PSO-Based PID for optimum control. Simulation results are presented to show that the PSO-Based optimized PID controller is capable of providing an improved closed-loop performance over the Ziegler- Nichols tuned PID controller Parameters. Compared to the heuristic PID tuning method of Ziegler-Nichols, the proposed method was more efficient in improving the step response characteristics such as, reducing the steady-states error; rise time, settling time and maximum overshoot in speed control of DC motor.

A PID autotuner utilizing GPC and constraint optimization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henningsen, Arne; Christensen, Anders; Ravn, Ole

1990-01-01

A solution to the PID autotuning problem is presented which involves constraining the parameters of a discrete second-order discrete-time controller. The integrator is forced into the regulator by using a CARIMA model. The discrete-time regulator parameters are calculated by optimizing...... a generalized predictive control criterion, and the PID structure is ensured by constraining the parameters to a feasible set defined by the discrete-time Euler approximation of the ideal continuous-time PID controller. The algorithm is extended by incorporating constraints on the amplitude and slew......-rate of the control signal. Simulation studies for a system of coupled tanks have indicated that the method performs well, and that signal limitations can be included in a straightforward manner...

Bidirectional active control of structures with type-2 fuzzy PD and PID

Science.gov (United States)

Paul, Satyam; Yu, Wen; Li, Xiaoou

2018-03-01

Proportional-derivative and proportional-integral-derivative (PD/PID) controllers are popular algorithms in structure vibration control. In order to maintain minimum regulation error, the PD/PID control require big proportional and derivative gains. The control performances are not satisfied because of the big uncertainties in the buildings. In this paper, type-2 fuzzy system is applied to compensate the unknown uncertainties, and is combined with the PD/PID control. We prove the stability of these fuzzy PD and PID controllers. The sufficient conditions can be used for choosing the gains of PD/PID. The theory results are verified by a two-storey building prototype. The experimental results validate our analysis.

Performance-based parameter tuning method of model-driven PID control systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Y M; Xie, W F; Tu, X W

2012-05-01

In this paper, performance-based parameter tuning method of model-driven Two-Degree-of-Freedom PID (MD TDOF PID) control system has been proposed to enhance the control performances of a process. Known for its ability of stabilizing the unstable processes, fast tracking to the change of set points and rejecting disturbance, the MD TDOF PID has gained research interest recently. The tuning methods for the reported MD TDOF PID are based on internal model control (IMC) method instead of optimizing the performance indices. In this paper, an Integral of Time Absolute Error (ITAE) zero-position-error optimal tuning and noise effect minimizing method is proposed for tuning two parameters in MD TDOF PID control system to achieve the desired regulating and disturbance rejection performance. The comparison with Two-Degree-of-Freedom control scheme by modified smith predictor (TDOF CS MSP) and the designed MD TDOF PID tuned by the IMC tuning method demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed tuning method. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analytical one parameter method for PID motion controller settings

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Dijk, Johannes; Aarts, Ronald G.K.M.

2012-01-01

In this paper analytical expressions for PID-controllers settings for electromechanical motion systems are presented. It will be shown that by an adequate frequency domain oriented parametrization, the parameters of a PID-controller are analytically dependent on one variable only, the cross-over

Differential Evolution-Based PID Control of Nonlinear Full-Car Electrohydraulic Suspensions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimoh O. Pedro

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a differential-evolution- (DE- optimized, independent multiloop proportional-integral-derivative (PID controller design for full-car nonlinear, electrohydraulic suspension systems. The multiloop PID control stabilises the actuator via force feedback and also improves the system performance. Controller gains are computed using manual tuning and through DE optimization to minimise a performance index, which addresses suspension travel, road holding, vehicle handling, ride comfort, and power consumption constraints. Simulation results showed superior performance of the DE-optimized PID-controlled active vehicle suspension system (AVSS over the manually tuned PID-controlled AVSS and the passive vehicle suspension system (PVSS.

Neural PID Control of Robot Manipulators With Application to an Upper Limb Exoskeleton.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Wen; Rosen, Jacob

2013-04-01

In order to minimize steady-state error with respect to uncertainties in robot control, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control needs a big integral gain, or a neural compensator is added to the classical proportional-derivative (PD) control with a large derivative gain. Both of them deteriorate transient performances of the robot control. In this paper, we extend the popular neural PD control into neural PID control. This novel control is a natural combination of industrial linear PID control and neural compensation. The main contributions of this paper are semiglobal asymptotic stability of the neural PID control and local asymptotic stability of the neural PID control with a velocity observer which are proved with standard weight training algorithms. These conditions give explicit selection methods for the gains of the linear PID control. An experimental study on an upper limb exoskeleton with this neural PID control is addressed.

Study of a hybrid solar-electric oven to the curing composite materials used in aeronautics; Estudio de un horno hibrido solar-electrico para el curado de materiales compuestos utilizados en aeronautica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez Roman, M. A.; Pineda Pinon, J.; Sanchez Sanchez, A. [CICATA - Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro (Mexico)]. E-mail: mhernandezr0900@ipn.mx

2010-11-15

The study covers the curing of advanced composites in a hybrid solar electric oven. The furnace uses electricity from the grid power and solar energy provided by the heliostat concentrator system. The materials used in the experiments will be composite materials such as prepreg. The prepreg are fiberglass and carbon fiber. The resin used in the pre-impregnate will be epoxy resin. The work temperatures inside the furnace will be maximum 300 degrees Celsius. The obtained results will be useful to characterize the use of the solar energy and the characterize of the curing chamber. [Spanish] Se presenta el alcance para el estudio, el cual abarca el curado de materiales compuestos avanzados dentro de un horno hibrido solar electrico. El horno utilizara energia electrica suministrada por la red y energia solar suministrada por el sistema heliostato concentrador. Los materiales utilizados en los experimentos seran materiales compuestos tipo prepreg. Los prepreg seran de fibra de vidrio y de fibra de carbono. La resina utilizada en el preimpregando sera resina epoxica. Las temperaturas de trabajo dentro del horno seran como maximo de 300 grados centigrados. Los resultados obtenidos serviran para caracterizar el uso y aprovechamiento de la energia solar y la caracterizacion de la camara de curado.

Fuzzy PID control algorithm based on PSO and application in BLDC motor

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Sen; Wang, Guanglong

2017-06-01

A fuzzy PID control algorithm is studied based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) to perform Brushless DC (BLDC) motor control which has high accuracy, good anti-jamming capability and steady state accuracy compared with traditional PID control. The mathematical and simulation model is established for BLDC motor by simulink software, and the speed loop of the fuzzy PID controller is designed. The simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control algorithm based on PSO has higher stability, high control precision and faster dynamic response speed.

LMI designmethod for networked-based PID control

Science.gov (United States)

Souza, Fernando de Oliveira; Mozelli, Leonardo Amaral; de Oliveira, Maurício Carvalho; Palhares, Reinaldo Martinez

2016-10-01

In this paper, we propose a methodology for the design of networked PID controllers for second-order delayed processes using linear matrix inequalities. The proposed procedure takes into account time-varying delay on the plant, time-varying delays induced by the network and packed dropouts. The design is carried on entirely using a continuous-time model of the closed-loop system where time-varying delays are used to represent sampling and holding occurring in a discrete-time digital PID controller.

Variable Structure PID Control to Prevent Integrator Windup

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, C. E.; Hodel, A. S.; Hung, J. Y.

1999-01-01

PID controllers are frequently used to control systems requiring zero steady-state error while maintaining requirements for settling time and robustness (gain/phase margins). PID controllers suffer significant loss of performance due to short-term integrator wind-up when used in systems with actuator saturation. We examine several existing and proposed methods for the prevention of integrator wind-up in both continuous and discrete time implementations.

Improved PID control for triaxial testing liquefied specimen

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sabaliauskas, Tomas; Ibsen, Lars Bo

Using a frictionless triaxial apparatus, sand specimens can be tested at relatively high axial strains, even while liquefying. However, liquefying specimens have extremely nonlinear stiffness, thus standard PID control does not perform well. To maintain control over applied loads, the PID...... controller was modified to adapt to disturbed soil states. The proposed methods expand the scope of testing towards options which are otherwise inaccessible by triaxial testing....

Investigating PID Shunting in Polycrystalline Silicon Modules via Multiscale, Multitechnique Characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harvey, Steven P [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Moseley, John [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Norman, Andrew [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Hacke, Peter L [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Johnston, Steven [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Al-Jassim, Mowafak M [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Stokes, Adam [Colorado School of Mines; Gorman, Brian [Colorado School of Mines

2018-02-27

We investigated the potential-induced degradation (PID) shunting mechanism in multicrystalline-silicon photovoltaic modules by using a multiscale, multitechnique characterization approach. Both field-stressed modules and laboratory-stressed mini modules were studied. We used photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and dark lock-in thermography imaging to identify degraded areas at the module scale. Small samples were then removed from degraded areas, laser marked, and imaged by scanning electron microscopy. We used simultaneous electron-beam induced current imaging and focused ion beam milling to mark around PID shunts for chemical analysis by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry or to isolate individual shunt defects for transmission electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography analysis. By spanning a range of 10 orders of magnitude in size, this approach enabled us to investigate the root-cause mechanisms for PID shunting. We observed a direct correlation between recombination active shunts and sodium content. The sodium content in shunted areas peaks at the SiNX/Si interface and is consistently observed at a concentration of 0.1% to 2% in shunted areas. Analysis of samples subjected to PID recovery, either activated by electron beam or thermal effects only, reveals that recovery of isolated shunts correlates with diffusion of sodium out of the structural defects to the silicon surface. We observed the role of oxygen and chlorine in PID shunting and found that those species - although sometimes present in structural defects where PID shunting was observed - do not play a consistent role in PID shunting.

Model-reference robust tuning of PID controllers

CERN Document Server

Alfaro, Victor M

2016-01-01

This book presents a unified methodology for the design of PID controllers that encompasses the wide range of different dynamics to be found in industrial processes. This is extended to provide a coherent way of dealing with the tuning of PID controllers. The particular method at the core of the book is the so-called model-reference robust tuning (MoReRT), developed by the authors. MoReRT constitutes a novel and powerful way of thinking of a robust design and taking into account the usual design trade-offs encountered in any control design problem. The book starts by presenting the different two-degree-of-freedom PID control algorithm variations and their conversion relations as well as the indexes used for performance, robustness and fragility evaluation:the bases of the proposed model. Secondly, the MoReRT design methodology and normalized controlled process models and controllers used in the design are described in order to facilitate the formulation of the different design problems and subsequent derivati...

PID control for chaotic synchronization using particle swarm optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, W.-D.

2009-01-01

In this paper, we attempt to use the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to achieve the chaos synchronization for delayed discrete chaotic systems. Three PID control gains can be optimally determined by means of using a novel optimization algorithm, called the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The algorithm is motivated from the organism behavior of fish schooling and bird flocking, and involves the social psychology principles in socio-cognition human agents and evolutionary computations. It has a good numerical convergence for solving optimization problem. To show the validity of the PSO-based PID control for chaos synchronization, several cases with different initial populations are considered and some simulation results are shown.

PID control for chaotic synchronization using particle swarm optimization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chang, W.-D. [Department of Computer and Communication, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: wdchang@mail.stu.edu.tw

2009-01-30

In this paper, we attempt to use the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to achieve the chaos synchronization for delayed discrete chaotic systems. Three PID control gains can be optimally determined by means of using a novel optimization algorithm, called the particle swarm optimization (PSO). The algorithm is motivated from the organism behavior of fish schooling and bird flocking, and involves the social psychology principles in socio-cognition human agents and evolutionary computations. It has a good numerical convergence for solving optimization problem. To show the validity of the PSO-based PID control for chaos synchronization, several cases with different initial populations are considered and some simulation results are shown.

Non-fragile multivariable PID controller design via system augmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinrong; Lam, James; Shen, Mouquan; Shu, Zhan

2017-07-01

In this paper, the issue of designing non-fragile H∞ multivariable proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers with derivative filters is investigated. In order to obtain the controller gains, the original system is associated with an extended system such that the PID controller design can be formulated as a static output-feedback control problem. By taking the system augmentation approach, the conditions with slack matrices for solving the non-fragile H∞ multivariable PID controller gains are established. Based on the results, linear matrix inequality -based iterative algorithms are provided to compute the controller gains. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Active Queue Management in TCP Networks Based on Fuzzy-Pid Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hossein ASHTIANI

2012-01-01

Full Text Available We introduce a novel and robust active queue management (AQM scheme based on a fuzzy controller, called hybrid fuzzy-PID controller. In the TCP network, AQM is important to regulate the queue length by passing or dropping the packets at the intermediate routers. RED, PI, and PID algorithms have been used for AQM. But these algorithms show weaknesses in the detection and control of congestion under dynamically changing network situations. In this paper a novel Fuzzy-based proportional-integral derivative (PID controller, which acts as an active queue manager (AQM for Internet routers, is proposed. These controllers are used to reduce packet loss and improve network utilization in TCP/IP networks. A new hybrid controller is proposed and compared with traditional RED based controller. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show that, the new hybrid fuzzy PID controller provides better performance than random early detection (RED and PID controllers

PID controller simulator software for DC motor of gamma scanning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arjoni Amir

2008-01-01

Mostly PID controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) has been used in industry. For certain applications, it can be used as a Proportional (P) model only, or as a Proportional-Integral (PI) model. The aim of this paper is to design a PID controller simulator software for DC motor which is used in gamma scanning system. A DC motor is described as a plant of SISO (Single Input Single Output) which is used for pulling down the load (detector + casing) and gamma radiation source (Co-60 + container) by using sling cable. A DC motor consist of an armature and a rotor, the equivalent circuit of DC motor is shown in a transfer function equation between output parameter (angular speed DC motor) and input parameter (voltage of DC motor). Methods used for the process of PID controller design is to arrange the PID controller parameter (Kc, Ti, Td) so that there are more PID controller transfer function model which are able to control angular speed of DC motor in stable condition, as design criteria requirement is needed. Design criteria requirement for control system are the settling time < 3 second, overshoot < 5%, rise time = 0.25 second, steady state gain = 1 and peak time < 3 second with step response reference 1 rad/second. The result of simulation gives several models of PID controller in function transfer equation which is similar with design criteria requirement in a equation of function transfer of order 2 for numerator and order 1 for denominator. (author)

The Design of Optimal PID Control Method for Quadcopter Movement Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanum Arrosida

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, quadcopter motion control has become a popular research topic because of its versatile ability as an unmanned aircraft can be used to alleviate human labor and also be able to reach dangerous areas or areas which is unreachable to humans. On the other hand, the Optimal PID control method, which incorporates PID and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR control methods, has also been widely used in industry and research field because it has advantages that are easy to operate, easy design, and a good level of precision. In the PID control method, the main problem to be solved is the accuracy of the gain value Kp, Ki, and Kd because the inappropriateness of those value will result in an imprecise control action. Based on these problems and referring to the previous study, the optimal PID control method was developed by using PID controller structure with tuning gain parameter of PID through Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR method. Through the integration of these two control methods, the optimum solutions can be obtained: easier controller design process for quadcopter control when crossing the determined trajectories, steady state error values less than 5% and a stable quadcopter movement with roll and pitch angle stabilization at position 0 radians with minimum energy function.

Dominant pole placement with fractional order PID controllers: D-decomposition approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Mandić, Petar D; Šekara, Tomislav B; Lazarević, Mihailo P; Bošković, Marko

2017-03-01

Dominant pole placement is a useful technique designed to deal with the problem of controlling a high order or time-delay systems with low order controller such as the PID controller. This paper tries to solve this problem by using D-decomposition method. Straightforward analytic procedure makes this method extremely powerful and easy to apply. This technique is applicable to a wide range of transfer functions: with or without time-delay, rational and non-rational ones, and those describing distributed parameter systems. In order to control as many different processes as possible, a fractional order PID controller is introduced, as a generalization of classical PID controller. As a consequence, it provides additional parameters for better adjusting system performances. The design method presented in this paper tunes the parameters of PID and fractional PID controller in order to obtain good load disturbance response with a constraint on the maximum sensitivity and sensitivity to noise measurement. Good set point response is also one of the design goals of this technique. Numerous examples taken from the process industry are given, and D-decomposition approach is compared with other PID optimization methods to show its effectiveness. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two degree of freedom PID based inferential control of continuous bioreactor for ethanol production.

Science.gov (United States)

Pachauri, Nikhil; Singh, Vijander; Rani, Asha

2017-05-01

This article presents the development of inferential control scheme based on Adaptive linear neural network (ADALINE) soft sensor for the control of fermentation process. The ethanol concentration of bioreactor is estimated from temperature profile of the process using soft sensor. The prediction accuracy of ADALINE is enhanced by retraining it with immediate past measurements. The ADALINE and retrained ADALINE are used along with PID and 2-DOF-PID leading to APID, A2PID, RAPID and RA2PID inferential controllers. Further the parameters of 2-DOF-PID are optimized using Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II and used with retrained ADALINE soft sensor which leads to RAN2PID inferential controller. Simulation results demonstrate that performance of proposed RAN2PID controller is better in comparison to other designed controllers in terms of qualitative and quantitative performance indices. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applications of Fuzzy adaptive PID control in the thermal power plant denitration liquid ammonia evaporation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Li Jing

2016-01-01

Full Text Available For the control of the liquid level of liquid ammonia in thermal power plant’s ammonia vaporization room, traditional PID controller parameter tuning is difficult to adapt to complex control systems, the setting of the traditional PID controller parameters is difficult to adapt to the complex control system. For the disadvantage of bad parameter setting, poor performance and so on the fuzzy adaptive PID control is proposed. Fuzzy adaptive PID control combines the advantages of traditional PID technology and fuzzy control. By using the fuzzy controller to intelligent control the object, the performance of the PID controller is further improved, and the control precision of the system is improved[1]. The simulation results show that the fuzzy adaptive PID controller not only has the advantages of high accuracy of PID controller, but also has the characteristics of fast and strong adaptability of fuzzy controller. It realizes the optimization of PID parameters which are in the optimal state, and the maximum increase production efficiency, so that are more suitable for nonlinear dynamic system.

A Comparative Study on Temperature Control of CSTR using PI Controller, PID Controller and PID (Two Degree of Freedom) Controller

OpenAIRE

Bikash Dey; Lusika Roy

2014-01-01

This paper present three different control strategies based on PI Control, PID control and Two degree of freedom PID control for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR).CSTR which offers a diverse range of application in the field of chemical engineering as well as in the control engineering and is an attractive research area for process control researchers. Our objective is to control the temperature of CSTR in presence of the set point. MATLAB SIMULINK software is used for mo...

Robust PID Controller for a Pneumatic Actuator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Skarpetis Michael G.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper the position control pneumatic actuator using a robust PID controller is presented. The parameters of the PID controller are computed using a Hurwitz invariability technique enriched with a Simulated Annealing Algorithm. The nonlinear model involves uncertain parameters due to linearization of the servo valve, variations of the initial volume of the cylinder and variation of the external load. The problem is proven to be solvable and the controller parameters are chosen to provide a suboptimal solution for tracking error minimization. Simulation results are presented for the nonlinear model.

PID control with robust disturbance feedback control

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kawai, Fukiko; Vinther, Kasper; Andersen, Palle

2015-01-01

Disturbance Feedback Control (DFC) is a technique, originally proposed by Fuji Electric, for augmenting existing control systems with an extra feedback for attenuation of disturbances and model errors. In this work, we analyze the robustness and performance of a PID-based control system with DFC...... and performance (if such gains exist). Finally, two different simulation case studies are evaluated and compared. Our numerical studies indicate that better performance can be achieved with the proposed method compared with a conservatively tuned PID controller and comparable performance can be achieved when...... compared with an H-infinity controller....

Design of sewage treatment system by applying fuzzy adaptive PID controller

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Liang-Ping; Li, Hong-Chan

2013-03-01

In the sewage treatment system, the dissolved oxygen concentration control, due to its nonlinear, time-varying, large time delay and uncertainty, is difficult to establish the exact mathematical model. While the conventional PID controller only works with good linear not far from its operating point, it is difficult to realize the system control when the operating point far off. In order to solve the above problems, the paper proposed a method which combine fuzzy control with PID methods and designed a fuzzy adaptive PID controller based on S7-300 PLC .It employs fuzzy inference method to achieve the online tuning for PID parameters. The control algorithm by simulation and practical application show that the system has stronger robustness and better adaptability.

PID Control in the Third Millennium Lessons Learned and New Approaches

CERN Document Server

Visioli, Antonio

2012-01-01

The early 21st century has seen a renewed interest in research in the widely-adopted proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. PID Control in the Third Millennium provides an overview of the advances made as a result. Featuring: ·        new approaches for controller tuning; ·        control structures and configurations for more efficient control; ·        practical issues in PID implementation; and ·        non-standard approaches to PID including fractional-order, event-based, nonlinear, data-driven and predictive control; the nearly twenty chapters provide a state-of-the-art resumé of PID controller theory, design and realization. Each chapter has specialist authorship and ideas clearly characterized from both academic and industrial viewpoints. Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series o...

Design and implementation of a 2-DOF PID compensation for magnetic levitation systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, Arun; Rakesh Krishnan, T; Tejaswy, Pailla; Mandal, Abhisek; Pradhan, Jatin K; Ranasingh, Subhakant

2014-07-01

This paper employs a 2-DOF (degree of freedom) PID controller for compensating a physical magnetic levitation system. It is shown that because of having a feedforward gain in the proposed 2-DOF PID control, the transient performance of the compensated system can be changed in a desired manner unlike the conventional 1-DOF PID control. It is also shown that for a choice of PID parameters, although the theoretical loop robustness is the same for both the compensated systems, in real-time, 2-DOF PID control may provide superior robustness if a suitable choice of the feedforward parameter is made. The results are verified through simulations and experiments. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Didactic System for the Experimental Study of Digital PID Control Structures

OpenAIRE

Stelian-Emilian OLTEAN; Mircea DULĂU; Adrian-Vasile DUKA

2016-01-01

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has a known structure used in feedback control of industrial processes. One of the most common applications is the control of the DC motor. The paper presents a didactic system designed for educational purposes used for studying various conventional PID structures and the influence of the PID components in the control process of the DC motor’s speed. The system contains a low cost acquisition board based on PIC 16F628A microcontroller. The...

Novel intelligent PID control of traveling wave ultrasonic motor.

Science.gov (United States)

Jingzhuo, Shi; Yu, Liu; Jingtao, Huang; Meiyu, Xu; Juwei, Zhang; Lei, Zhang

2014-09-01

A simple control strategy with acceptable control performance can be a good choice for the mass production of ultrasonic motor control system. In this paper, through the theoretic and experimental analyses of typical control process, a simpler intelligent PID speed control strategy of TWUM is proposed, involving only two expert rules to adjust the PID control parameters based on the current status. Compared with the traditional PID controller, this design requires less calculation and more cheap chips which can be easily involved in online performance. Experiments with different load torques and voltage amplitudes show that the proposed controller can deal with the nonlinearity and load disturbance to maintain good control performance of TWUM. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vision-Based Robot Following Using PID Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chandra Sekhar Pati

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Applications like robots which are employed for shopping, porter services, assistive robotics, etc., require a robot to continuously follow a human or another robot. This paper presents a mobile robot following another tele-operated mobile robot based on a PID (Proportional–Integral-Differential controller. Here, we use two differential wheel drive robots; one is a master robot and the other is a follower robot. The master robot is manually controlled and the follower robot is programmed to follow the master robot. For the master robot, a Bluetooth module receives the user’s command from an android application which is processed by the master robot’s controller, which is used to move the robot. The follower robot receives the image from the Kinect sensor mounted on it and recognizes the master robot. The follower robot identifies the x, y positions by employing the camera and the depth by using the Kinect depth sensor. By identifying the x, y, and z locations of the master robot, the follower robot finds the angle and distance between the master and follower robot, which is given as the error term of a PID controller. Using this, the follower robot follows the master robot. A PID controller is based on feedback and tries to minimize the error. Experiments are conducted for two indigenously developed robots; one depicting a humanoid and the other a small mobile robot. It was observed that the follower robot was easily able to follow the master robot using well-tuned PID parameters.

Optimization of PID Parameters Utilizing Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi Method and Particle Swarm Optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Azmi, Nur Iffah Mohamed; Arifin Mat Piah, Kamal; Yusoff, Wan Azhar Wan; Romlay, Fadhlur Rahman Mohd

2018-03-01

Controller that uses PID parameters requires a good tuning method in order to improve the control system performance. Tuning PID control method is divided into two namely the classical methods and the methods of artificial intelligence. Particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is one of the artificial intelligence methods. Previously, researchers had integrated PSO algorithms in the PID parameter tuning process. This research aims to improve the PSO-PID tuning algorithms by integrating the tuning process with the Variable Weight Grey- Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) method. This is done by conducting the DOE on the two PSO optimizing parameters: the particle velocity limit and the weight distribution factor. Computer simulations and physical experiments were conducted by using the proposed PSO- PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE and the classical Ziegler-Nichols methods. They are implemented on the hydraulic positioning system. Simulation results show that the proposed PSO-PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE has reduced the rise time by 48.13% and settling time by 48.57% compared to the Ziegler-Nichols method. Furthermore, the physical experiment results also show that the proposed PSO-PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE tuning method responds better than Ziegler-Nichols tuning. In conclusion, this research has improved the PSO-PID parameter by applying the PSO-PID algorithm together with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE method as a tuning method in the hydraulic positioning system.

Computer simulation system of neural PID control on nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yuzhong; Yang Kaijun; Shen Yongping

2001-01-01

Neural network proportional integral differential (PID) controller on nuclear reactor is designed, and the control process is simulated by computer. The simulation result show that neutral network PID controller can automatically adjust its parameter to ideal state, and good control result can be gotten in reactor control process

Intelligent tuning method of PID parameters based on iterative learning control for atomic force microscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Hui; Li, Yingzi; Zhang, Yingxu; Chen, Yifu; Song, Zihang; Wang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Suoxin; Qian, Jianqiang

2018-01-01

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) parameters play a vital role in the imaging process of an atomic force microscope (AFM). Traditional parameter tuning methods require a lot of manpower and it is difficult to set PID parameters in unattended working environments. In this manuscript, an intelligent tuning method of PID parameters based on iterative learning control is proposed to self-adjust PID parameters of the AFM according to the sample topography. This method gets enough information about the output signals of PID controller and tracking error, which will be used to calculate the proper PID parameters, by repeated line scanning until convergence before normal scanning to learn the topography. Subsequently, the appropriate PID parameters are obtained by fitting method and then applied to the normal scanning process. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by the convergence analysis. Simulations and experimental results indicate that the proposed method can intelligently tune PID parameters of the AFM for imaging different topographies and thus achieve good tracking performance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neural Network-Based Self-Tuning PID Control for Underwater Vehicles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Hernández-Alvarado

2016-09-01

Full Text Available For decades, PID (Proportional + Integral + Derivative-like controllers have been successfully used in academia and industry for many kinds of plants. This is thanks to its simplicity and suitable performance in linear or linearized plants, and under certain conditions, in nonlinear ones. A number of PID controller gains tuning approaches have been proposed in the literature in the last decades; most of them off-line techniques. However, in those cases wherein plants are subject to continuous parametric changes or external disturbances, online gains tuning is a desirable choice. This is the case of modular underwater ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles where parameters (weight, buoyancy, added mass, among others change according to the tool it is fitted with. In practice, some amount of time is dedicated to tune the PID gains of a ROV. Once the best set of gains has been achieved the ROV is ready to work. However, when the vehicle changes its tool or it is subject to ocean currents, its performance deteriorates since the fixed set of gains is no longer valid for the new conditions. Thus, an online PID gains tuning algorithm should be implemented to overcome this problem. In this paper, an auto-tune PID-like controller based on Neural Networks (NN is proposed. The NN plays the role of automatically estimating the suitable set of PID gains that achieves stability of the system. The NN adjusts online the controller gains that attain the smaller position tracking error. Simulation results are given considering an underactuated 6 DOF (degrees of freedom underwater ROV. Real time experiments on an underactuated mini ROV are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Neural Network-Based Self-Tuning PID Control for Underwater Vehicles.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Alvarado, Rodrigo; García-Valdovinos, Luis Govinda; Salgado-Jiménez, Tomás; Gómez-Espinosa, Alfonso; Fonseca-Navarro, Fernando

2016-09-05

For decades, PID (Proportional + Integral + Derivative)-like controllers have been successfully used in academia and industry for many kinds of plants. This is thanks to its simplicity and suitable performance in linear or linearized plants, and under certain conditions, in nonlinear ones. A number of PID controller gains tuning approaches have been proposed in the literature in the last decades; most of them off-line techniques. However, in those cases wherein plants are subject to continuous parametric changes or external disturbances, online gains tuning is a desirable choice. This is the case of modular underwater ROVs (Remotely Operated Vehicles) where parameters (weight, buoyancy, added mass, among others) change according to the tool it is fitted with. In practice, some amount of time is dedicated to tune the PID gains of a ROV. Once the best set of gains has been achieved the ROV is ready to work. However, when the vehicle changes its tool or it is subject to ocean currents, its performance deteriorates since the fixed set of gains is no longer valid for the new conditions. Thus, an online PID gains tuning algorithm should be implemented to overcome this problem. In this paper, an auto-tune PID-like controller based on Neural Networks (NN) is proposed. The NN plays the role of automatically estimating the suitable set of PID gains that achieves stability of the system. The NN adjusts online the controller gains that attain the smaller position tracking error. Simulation results are given considering an underactuated 6 DOF (degrees of freedom) underwater ROV. Real time experiments on an underactuated mini ROV are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Application and Simulation of Fuzzy Neural Network PID Controller in the Aircraft Cabin Temperature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ding Fang

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Considering complex factors of affecting ambient temperature in Aircraft cabin, and some shortages of traditional PID control like the parameters difficult to be tuned and control ineffective, this paper puts forward the intelligent PID algorithm that makes fuzzy logic method and neural network together, scheming out the fuzzy neural net PID controller. After the correction of the fuzzy inference and dynamic learning of neural network, PID parameters of the controller get the optimal parameters. MATLAB simulation results of the cabin temperature control model show that the performance of the fuzzy neural network PID controller has been greatly improved, with faster response, smaller overshoot and better adaptability.

Monitoring System and Temperature Controlling on PID Based Poultry Hatching Incubator

Science.gov (United States)

Shafiudin, S.; Kholis, N.

2018-04-01

Poultry hatching cultivation is essential to be observed in terms of temperature stability by using artificial penetration incubator which applies On/Off control. The On/Off control produces relatively long response time to reach steady-state conditions. Moreover, how the system works makes the component worn out because the lamp is on-off periodically. Besides, the cultivation in the market is less suitable to be used in an environment which has fluctuating temperature because it may influence plant’s temperature stability. The study aims to design automatic poultry hatching cultivation that can repair the temperature’s response of plant incubator to keep stable and in line with the intended set-point temperature value by using PID controller. The method used in PID controlling is designed to identify plant using ARX (Auto Regressive eXogenous) MATLAB which is dynamic/non-linear to obtain mathematical model and PID constants value that is appropriate to system. The hardware design for PID-based egg incubator uses Arduino Uno R3, as the main controller that includes PID source, and PWM, to keep plant temperature stability, which is integrated with incandescent light actuators and sensors where DHTI 1 sensor as the reader as temperature condition and plant humidity. The result of the study showed that PID constants value of each plant is different. For parallel 15 Watt plant, Kp = 3.9956, Ki = 0.361, Kd = 0, while for parallel 25 Watt plant, the value of Kp = 5.714, Ki = 0.351, Kd = 0. The PID constants value were capable to produce stable system response which is based on set-point with steady state error’s value is around 5%, that is 2.7%. With hatching percentage of 70-80%, the hatching process is successful in air-conditioned environment (changeable).

Robotic excavator trajectory control using an improved GA based PID controller

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Hao; Yin, Chen-Bo; Weng, Wen-wen; Ma, Wei; Zhou, Jun-jing; Jia, Wen-hua; Zhang, Zi-li

2018-05-01

In order to achieve excellent trajectory tracking performances, an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is presented to search for the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters for the robotic excavator. Firstly, the mathematical model of kinematic and electro-hydraulic proportional control system of the excavator are analyzed based on the mechanism modeling method. On this basis, the actual model of the electro-hydraulic proportional system are established by the identification experiment. Furthermore, the population, the fitness function, the crossover probability and mutation probability of the SGA are improved: the initial PID parameters are calculated by the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning method and the initial population is generated near it; the fitness function is transformed to maintain the diversity of the population; the probability of crossover and mutation are adjusted automatically to avoid premature convergence. Moreover, a simulation study is carried out to evaluate the time response performance of the proposed controller, i.e., IGA based PID against the SGA and Z-N based PID controllers with a step signal. It was shown from the simulation study that the proposed controller provides the least rise time and settling time of 1.23 s and 1.81 s, respectively against the other tested controllers. Finally, two types of trajectories are designed to validate the performances of the control algorithms, and experiments are performed on the excavator trajectory control experimental platform. It was demonstrated from the experimental work that the proposed IGA based PID controller improves the trajectory accuracy of the horizontal line and slope line trajectories by 23.98% and 23.64%, respectively in comparison to the SGA tuned PID controller. The results further indicate that the proposed IGA tuning based PID controller is effective for improving the tracking accuracy, which may be employed in the trajectory control of an actual excavator.

Implementasi Sensor Cahaya Sebagai Pengontrol Keseimbangan Robot Beroda Dua Menggunakan Kontroler PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barlian Henryranu P.

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Abstrak Dengan menggabungkan Sistem Kontrol, sensor dan motor Servo diharapkan Robot segway dapat direalisasikan. Dalam penelitian ini Sistem Kontrol yang digunakan adalah metode PID, sedangkan sensor yang akan digunakan adalah cahaya yang merepresentasikan sudut kemiringan terhadap bumi. Dengan input berupa Error sudut dan Del Error sudut terhadap bumi maka didapatkan hasil PID kontroller berupa angular rate yang digunakan untuk mengontrol kedua rodanya. Robot Segway memiliki rise time/fall time, settling time dan Robot Segway mampu mencapai kesetimbangannya kembali (steady state setelah mendapatkan gangguan dari luar. Kata kunci: Robot kesetimbangan, sensor cahaya, PID kontroler Abstract By combining the Control System, sensors and Servos motors are expected to Segway can be realized. In this research use the PID method, while the sensor to be used is the light that represents the elevation angle of the earth. With the input is angel Error and angel Del Error of the earth then the results obtained in the form of angular rate PID Controller is used to Control the two wheels. Segway Robot has a rise time / fall time, settling time and Segway Robot can reach the balance again (steady state after get a outside disturbance. Keywords: Self-balancing robot, light sensor, PID Controller

Fault tolerant control of multivariable processes using auto-tuning PID controller.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Ding-Li; Chang, T K; Yu, Ding-Wen

2005-02-01

Fault tolerant control of dynamic processes is investigated in this paper using an auto-tuning PID controller. A fault tolerant control scheme is proposed composing an auto-tuning PID controller based on an adaptive neural network model. The model is trained online using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to learn system post-fault dynamics. Based on this model, the PID controller adjusts its parameters to compensate the effects of the faults, so that the control performance is recovered from degradation. The auto-tuning algorithm for the PID controller is derived with the Lyapunov method and therefore, the model predicted tracking error is guaranteed to converge asymptotically. The method is applied to a simulated two-input two-output continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with various faults, which demonstrate the applicability of the developed scheme to industrial processes.

Design and Simulation of PID parameters self-tuning based on DC speed regulating system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Feng Wei Jie

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The DC speed regulating system has many difficult issues such as system parameters and PID control parameters are difficult to determine. On the basis of model for a single closed-loop DC speed regulating system, this paper puts forward a method of PID parameters self-tuning based on the step response detection and reduced order equivalent. First, detect system step response and get response parameters. Then equal it to a second order system model, and achieve optimal PID control parameters based on optimal second order system to realize of PID parameters self-tuning. The PID parameters self-tuning process of DC speed regulating system is simulated with the help of MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that the method is simple and effective. The system can obtain good dynamic and static performance when the PID parameters are applied to DC speed regulating system.

PSO-based PID Speed Control of Traveling Wave Ultrasonic Motor under Temperature Disturbance

Science.gov (United States)

Arifin Mat Piah, Kamal; Yusoff, Wan Azhar Wan; Azmi, Nur Iffah Mohamed; Romlay, Fadhlur Rahman Mohd

2018-03-01

Traveling wave ultrasonic motors (TWUSMs) have a time varying dynamics characteristics. Temperature rise in TWUSMs remains a problem particularly in sustaining optimum speed performance. In this study, a PID controller is used to control the speed of TWUSM under temperature disturbance. Prior to developing the controller, a linear approximation model which relates the speed to the temperature is developed based on the experimental data. Two tuning methods are used to determine PID parameters: conventional Ziegler-Nichols(ZN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The comparison of speed control performance between PSO-PID and ZN-PID is presented. Modelling, simulation and experimental work is carried out utilizing Fukoku-Shinsei USR60 as the chosen TWUSM. The results of the analyses and experimental work reveal that PID tuning using PSO-based optimization has the advantage over the conventional Ziegler-Nichols method.

Quadrotor trajectory tracking using PID cascade control

Science.gov (United States)

Idres, M.; Mustapha, O.; Okasha, M.

2017-12-01

Quadrotors have been applied to collect information for traffic, weather monitoring, surveillance and aerial photography. In order to accomplish their mission, quadrotors have to follow specific trajectories. This paper presents proportional-integral-derivative (PID) cascade control of a quadrotor for path tracking problem when velocity and acceleration are small. It is based on near hover controller for small attitude angles. The integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) criterion is used to determine the PID gains as a function of quadrotor modeling parameters. The controller is evaluated in three-dimensional environment in Simulink. Overall, the tracking performance is found to be excellent for small velocity condition.

Enhanced pid vs model predictive control applied to bldc motor

Science.gov (United States)

Gaya, M. S.; Muhammad, Auwal; Aliyu Abdulkadir, Rabiu; Salim, S. N. S.; Madugu, I. S.; Tijjani, Aminu; Aminu Yusuf, Lukman; Dauda Umar, Ibrahim; Khairi, M. T. M.

2018-01-01

BrushLess Direct Current (BLDC) motor is a multivariable and highly complex nonlinear system. Variation of internal parameter values with environment or reference signal increases the difficulty in controlling the BLDC effectively. Advanced control strategies (like model predictive control) often have to be integrated to satisfy the control desires. Enhancing or proper tuning of a conventional algorithm results in achieving the desired performance. This paper presents a performance comparison of Enhanced PID and Model Predictive Control (MPC) applied to brushless direct current motor. The simulation results demonstrated that the PSO-PID is slightly better than the PID and MPC in tracking the trajectory of the reference signal. The proposed scheme could be useful algorithms for the system.

Didactic System for the Experimental Study of Digital PID Control Structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stelian-Emilian OLTEAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The proportional integral derivative (PID controller has a known structure used in feedback control of industrial processes. One of the most common applications is the control of the DC motor. The paper presents a didactic system designed for educational purposes used for studying various conventional PID structures and the influence of the PID components in the control process of the DC motor’s speed. The system contains a low cost acquisition board based on PIC 16F628A microcontroller. The experimental results are shown graphically using a PC application made in Matlab environment.

PID controller tuning using the magnitude optimum criterion

CERN Document Server

Papadopoulos, Konstantinos

2014-01-01

An instructive reference that will help control researchers and engineers, interested in a variety of industrial processes, to take advantage of a powerful tuning method for the ever-popular PID control paradigm. This monograph presents explicit PID tuning rules for linear control loops regardless of process complexity. It shows the reader how such loops achieve zero steady-position, velocity, and acceleration errors and are thus able to track fast reference signals. The theoretical development takes place in the frequency domain by introducing a general-transfer-function-known process model

Tuning of PID load frequency controller for power systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tan Wen

2009-01-01

PID tuning of load frequency controllers for power systems is discussed in this paper. The tuning method is based on a two-degree-of-freedom internal model control (IMC) design method, and the performance of the resulting PID controller is related to two tuning parameters thus detuning is easy when necessary. Then an anti-GRC scheme is proposed to overcome the generation rate constraints. Finally, the method is extended to two-area cases.

Tuning PID attitude stabilization of a quadrotor using particle swarm optimization (experimental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khodja Mohammed Abdallah

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID controllers are the most popular type of controller used in industrial applications because of their notable simplicity and effective implementation. However, manual tuning of these controllers is tedious and often leads to poor performance. The conventional Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N method of PID tuning was done experimentally enables easy identification stable PID parameters in a short time, but is accompanied by overshoot, high steady-state error, and large rise time. Therefore, in this study, the modern heuristics approach of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO was employed to enhance the capabilities of the conventional Z-N technique. PSO with the constriction coefficient method experimentally demonstrated the ability to efficiently and effectively identify optimal PID controller parameters for attitude stabilization of a quadrotor.

Design of PID controller as an AVR in frequency-domain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaikh, S.A.; Ahmed, I.

2008-01-01

The primary means of generator reactive-power control is the generator-excitation control, using Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). The role of AVR is to hold the terminal-voltage of Synchronous generator at a specified level. This paper presents the design of a proportional integral- derivative (PID) controller to work as an A VR. The PID controller has been tuned by HO-HANG-CAO method. In this method, pm parameters are computed from the gain-margin and phase-margin specifications. This method has been found much superior to the conventional Ziegler- Nichols rules. The performance of the controller has been evaluated through Simulation Studies in MATLAB environment. It has been demonstrated that the PID controller, tuned with the said method, yields highly satisfactory closed loop performance. (author)

Optimal Pid Controller Design Using Adaptive Vurpso Algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Zirkohi, Majid Moradi

2015-04-01

The purpose of this paper is to improve theVelocity Update Relaxation Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (VURPSO). The improved algorithm is called Adaptive VURPSO (AVURPSO) algorithm. Then, an optimal design of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is obtained using the AVURPSO algorithm. An adaptive momentum factor is used to regulate a trade-off between the global and the local exploration abilities in the proposed algorithm. This operation helps the system to reach the optimal solution quickly and saves the computation time. Comparisons on the optimal PID controller design confirm the superiority of AVURPSO algorithm to the optimization algorithms mentioned in this paper namely the VURPSO algorithm, the Ant Colony algorithm, and the conventional approach. Comparisons on the speed of convergence confirm that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence in a less computation time to yield a global optimum value. The proposed AVURPSO can be used in the diverse areas of optimization problems such as industrial planning, resource allocation, scheduling, decision making, pattern recognition and machine learning. The proposed AVURPSO algorithm is efficiently used to design an optimal PID controller.

Mitigation of PID in commercial PV modules using current interruption method

Science.gov (United States)

Bora, Birinchi; Oh, Jaewon; Tatapudi, Sai; Sastry, Oruganty S.; Kumar, Rajesh; Prasad, Basudev; Tamizhmani, Govindasamy

2017-08-01

Potential-induced degradation (PID) is known to have a very severe effect on the reliability of PV modules. PID is caused due to the leakage of current from the cell circuit to the grounded frame under humid conditions of high voltage photovoltaic (PV) systems. There are multiple paths for the current leakage. The most dominant leakage path is from the cell to the frame through encapsulant, glass bulk and glass surface. This dominant path can be prevented by interrupting the electrical conductivity at the glass surface. In our previous works related to this topic, we demonstrated the effectiveness of glass surface conductivity interruption technique using one-cell PV coupons. In this work, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique using a full size commercial module susceptible to PID. The interruption of surface conductivity of the commercial module was achieved by attaching a narrow, thin flexible glass strips, from Corning, called Willow Glass on the glass surface along the inner edges of the frame. The flexible glass strip was attached to the module glass surface by heating the glass strip with an ionomer adhesive underneath using a handheld heat gun. The PID stress test was performed at 60°C and 85% RH for 96 hours at -600 V. Pre- and post-PID characterizations including I-V and electroluminescence were carried out to determine the performance loss and affected cell areas. This work demonstrates that the PID issue can be effectively addressed by using this current interruption technique. An important benefit of this approach is that this interruption technique can be applied after manufacturing the modules and after installing the modules in the field as well.

Optimal design of PID controller for second order plus time delay systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, S.; Misra, A.; Kumar, Y.; Thakur, S.K.

2015-01-01

It is well known that the effect of time delay in the forward path of control loop deteriorates the system performance and at the same time makes it difficult to compute the optimum PID controller parameters of the feedback control systems. PI/PID controller is most popular and used more than 80% in industries as well as in accelerators lab due to its simple structure and appropriate robustness. At VECC we have planned to use a PID controller for the speed control of DC motor which will be used to adjust the solenoid coil position of the 2.45 GHz microwave ion source for optimum performance during the online operation. In this paper we present a comparison of the two methods which have been used to design the optimum PID controller parameters: one by optimizing different time domain performance indices such as lAE, ITSE etc. and other using analytical formulation based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). We have performed numerical simulations using MATLAB and compare the closed loop time response performance measures using the PID parameters obtained from above mentioned two methods on a second order transfer function of a DC motor with time delay. (author)

Fussy control for the operation of an electric energy generation system based in type PEM fuel cells; Control difuso para la operacion de un sistema de generacion de energia electrica basado en celdas de combustible tipo PEM

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vazquez Roman, Miguel

2004-10-15

as static interaction compensators with the most common methods found in the bibliography: ideal, simplified and inverse were designed. Simulation tests for the analysis of the compensator with reference changes for anode pressure, cathode pressure changes as well as for cell temperature carried out. Also, a fuzzy compensator to carry out the analysis in the whole operation range were designed. [Spanish] En este trabajo se reporta el diseno de un sistema de control integrado por controladores PID difusos, que conjunta las tecnicas de control multimodo y de ganancias programadas, y el diseno de un compensador que reduce los efectos de interaccion entre los lazos de control del sistema multivariable. El modelo matematico que se simulo en este trabajo de tesis tiene la caracteristica de ser un modelo no lineal. Su rango de validez abarca hasta 1440 watts, para un diseno nominal de 1 KW de potencia. Para llevar a cabo el diseno del Controlador PID difuso, primero se disenaron controladores PID convencionales en tres puntos de operacion de demanda de potencia: 0 W, 500 W y 1000 W. La metodologia de ajuste empleada para la determinacion de las ganancias del control PID convencional fue la de cancelacion de polos. Esta metodologia requirio de la identificacion lineal del proceso en los tres puntos de operacion mencionados: baja, media y alta potencia. Con la informacion obtenida de los controladores convencionales ajustados en los tres puntos de operacion, fue posible el diseno de controladores PID difusos basados en el sistema TSK. Para este trabajo de tesis el metodo es solo equivalente a la tecnica de ganancias programadas ya que solo se usan controladores PID convencionales con la misma estructura. Se diseno tambien un esquema de control con un compensador el cual tiene como funcion el reducir los efectos de interaccion entre los lazos de control. Dicho compensador se localizo entre el controlador y la planta y solamente introduce factores de compensacion entre las

Caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, histo-pathologiques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

N. Harir

Objectifs : Notre étude avait pour objectif d'effectuer une étude épidémiologique rétrospective afin de déterminer les caractéristiques .... nous nous sommes fixé comme objectif d'étudier les différents aspects épidémiologiques, .... A l'issue de notre recrutement, nous avons obtenu 115 patients atteints d'un cancer du rein sur ...

Genetic algorithm-based fuzzy-PID control methodologies for enhancement of energy efficiency of a dynamic energy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jahedi, G.; Ardehali, M.M.

2011-01-01

The simplicity in coding the heuristic judgment of experienced operator by means of fuzzy logic can be exploited for enhancement of energy efficiency. Fuzzy logic has been used as an effective tool for scheduling conventional PID controllers gain coefficients (F-PID). However, to search for the most desirable fuzzy system characteristics that allow for best performance of the energy system with minimum energy input, optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) could be utilized and the control methodology is identified as GA-based F-PID (GA-F-PID). The objective of this study is to examine the performance of PID, F-PID, and GA-F-PID controllers for enhancement of energy efficiency of a dynamic energy system. The performance evaluation of the controllers is accomplished by means of two cost functions that are based on the quadratic forms of the energy input and deviation from a setpoint temperature, referred to as energy and comfort costs, respectively. The GA-F-PID controller is examined in two different forms, namely, global form and local form. For the global form, all possible combinations of fuzzy system characteristics in the search domain are explored by GA for finding the fittest chromosome for all discrete time intervals during the entire operation period. For the local form, however, GA is used in each discrete time interval to find the fittest chromosome for implementation. The results show that the global form GA-F-PID and local form GA-F-PID control methodologies, in comparison with PID controller, achieve higher energy efficiency by lowering energy costs by 51.2%, and 67.8%, respectively. Similarly, the comfort costs for deviation from setpoint are enhanced by 54.4%, and 62.4%, respectively. It is determined that GA-F-PID performs better in local from than global form.

A Practical Tuning Method for the Robust PID Controller with Velocity Feed-Back

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emre Sariyildiz

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID control is the most widely used control method in industrial and academic applications due to its simplicity and efficiency. Several different control methods/algorithms have been proposed to tune the gains of PID controllers. However, the conventional tuning methods do not have sufficient performance and simplicity for practical applications, such as robotics and motion control. The performance of motion control systems may significantly deteriorate by the nonlinear plant uncertainties and unknown external disturbances, such as inertia variations, friction, external loads, etc., i.e., there may be a significant discrepancy between the simulation and experiment if the robustness is not considered in the design of PID controllers. This paper proposes a novel practical tuning method for the robust PID controller with velocity feed-back for motion control systems. The main advantages of the proposed method are the simplicity and efficiency in practical applications, i.e., a high performance robust motion control system can be easily designed by properly tuning conventional PID controllers. The validity of the proposal is verified by giving simulation and experimental results.

Adaptive robust PID controller design based on a sliding mode for uncertain chaotic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang Weider; Yan Junjuh

2005-01-01

A robust adaptive PID controller design motivated from the sliding mode control is proposed for a class of uncertain chaotic systems in this paper. Three PID control gains, K p , K i , and K d , are adjustable parameters and will be updated online with an adequate adaptation mechanism to minimize a previously designed sliding condition. By introducing a supervisory controller, the stability of the closed-loop PID control system under with the plant uncertainty and external disturbance can be guaranteed. Finally, a well-known Duffing-Holmes chaotic system is used as an illustrative to show the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive PID controller

Note: Split PID control--two sensors can be better than one.

Science.gov (United States)

Znaimer, Leith; Bechhoefer, John

2014-10-01

The traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm for regulation suffers from a tradeoff: placing the sensor near the sample being regulated ensures that its steady-state temperature matches the desired setpoint. However, the propagation delay (lag) between heater and sample can limit the control bandwidth. Moving the sensor closer to the heater reduces the lag and increases the bandwidth but introduces offsets and drifts into the temperature of the sample. Here, we explore the consequences of using two probes-one near the heater, one near the sample-and assigning the integral term to the sample probe and the other terms to the heater probe. The split-PID algorithm can outperform PID control loops based on one sensor.

BROJA-2PID: A Robust Estimator for Bivariate Partial Information Decomposition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdullah Makkeh

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Makkeh, Theis, and Vicente found that Cone Programming model is the most robust to compute the Bertschinger et al. partial information decomposition (BROJA PID measure. We developed a production-quality robust software that computes the BROJA PID measure based on the Cone Programming model. In this paper, we prove the important property of strong duality for the Cone Program and prove an equivalence between the Cone Program and the original Convex problem. Then, we describe in detail our software, explain how to use it, and perform some experiments comparing it to other estimators. Finally, we show that the software can be extended to compute some quantities of a trivaraite PID measure.

A Method for Precision Closed-Loop Irrigation Using a Modified PID Control Algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Goodchild, Martin; Kühn, Karl; Jenkins, Malcolm; Burek, Kazimierz; Dutton, Andrew

2016-04-01

The benefits of closed-loop irrigation control have been demonstrated in grower trials which show the potential for improved crop yields and resource usage. Managing water use by controlling irrigation in response to soil moisture changes to meet crop water demands is a popular approach but requires knowledge of closed-loop control practice. In theory, to obtain precise closed-loop control of a system it is necessary to characterise every component in the control loop to derive the appropriate controller parameters, i.e. proportional, integral & derivative (PID) parameters in a classic PID controller. In practice this is often difficult to achieve. Empirical methods are employed to estimate the PID parameters by observing how the system performs under open-loop conditions. In this paper we present a modified PID controller, with a constrained integral function, that delivers excellent regulation of soil moisture by supplying the appropriate amount of water to meet the needs of the plant during the diurnal cycle. Furthermore, the modified PID controller responds quickly to changes in environmental conditions, including rainfall events which can result in: controller windup, under-watering and plant stress conditions. The experimental work successfully demonstrates the functionality of a constrained integral PID controller that delivers robust and precise irrigation control. Coir substrate strawberry growing trial data is also presented illustrating soil moisture control and the ability to match water deliver to solar radiation.

A set of decentralized PID controllers for an n–link robot manipulator

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A class of stabilizing decentralized proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers for an -link robot manipulator system is proposed. The range of decentralized PID controller parameters for an -link robot manipulator is obtained using Kharitonov theorem and stability boundary equations. Basically, the proposed design ...

Perancangan Kendali Pid Dengan Matlab

OpenAIRE

Sukamta, Sri

2010-01-01

Perancangan PID Controller selama ini menggunakan metoda trial and error dengan perhitungan yangmemakan waktu lama. MatLab yang dilengkapi Control Toolbox, membantu perancang untuk melihatrespon berbagai kombinasi konstanta dengan variasi input yang berbeda. Penggunaan MatLab ini sangatmembantu perancang dalam menentukan kombinasi di antara P, I, dan D Controller untuk menghasilkansistem pengaturan yang baik dan sederhana.

PSO-RBF Neural Network PID Control Algorithm of Electric Gas Pressure Regulator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuanchang Zhong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The current electric gas pressure regulator often adopts the conventional PID control algorithm to take drive control of the core part (micromotor of electric gas pressure regulator. In order to further improve tracking performance and to shorten response time, this paper presents an improved PID intelligent control algorithm which applies to the electric gas pressure regulator. The algorithm uses the improved RBF neural network based on PSO algorithm to make online adjustment on PID parameters. Theoretical analysis and simulation result show that the algorithm shortens the step response time and improves tracking performance.

Wireless Intelligent Monitoring and Control System of Greenhouse Temperature Based on Fuzzy-PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mei ZHAN

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Control effect is not ideal for traditional control method and wired control system, since greenhouse temperature has such characteristics as nonlinear and longtime lag. Therefore, Fuzzy- PID control method was introduced and radio frequency chip CC1110 was applied to design greenhouse wireless intelligent monitoring and control system. The design of the system, the component of nodes and the developed intelligent management software system were explained in this paper. Then describe the design of the control algorithm Fuzzy-PID. By simulating the new method in Matlab software, the results showed that Fuzzy-PID method small overshoot and better dynamic performance compared with general PID control. It has shorter settling time and no steady-state error compared with fuzzy control. It can meet requirements in greenhouse production.

Pinched hysteresis behavior in a PID-controlled resistor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.A. Carrasco-Aguilar

2018-06-01

Full Text Available A current-controlled grounded resistor that exhibits a frequency-dependent pinched hysteresis loop is described. A mathematical model describing this behavior is derived and validated numerically, which has the form of a Proportional Integral-Derivative (PID controller. The proposed topology is build by using AD844 commercially available active device configured as second-generation current conveyor and experimental tests are compared with numerical simulations, showing a good agreement among them. Moreover, the proposed PID-controlled resistor can be reconfigured in order to be used in future applications such as programmable analog circuits. Keyword: Pinched hysteresis, Current conveyors, Nonlinear resistor, Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller

Adaptive fuzzy PID control for a quadrotor stabilisation

Science.gov (United States)

Cherrat, N.; Boubertakh, H.; Arioui, H.

2018-02-01

This paper deals with the design of an adaptive fuzzy PID control law for attitude and altitude stabilization of a quadrotor despite the system model uncertainties and disturbances. To this end, a PID control with adaptive gains is used in order to approximate a virtual ideal control previously designed to achieve the predefined objective. Specifically, the control gains are estimated and adjusted by mean of a fuzzy system whose parameters are adjusted online via a gradient descent-based adaptation law. The analysis of the closed-loop system is given by the Lyapunov approach. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.

A bone tissue engineering strategy based on starch scaffolds and bone marrow cells cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Maria Manuela Estima

A Engenharia de Tecidos e uma area cientifica em continua expansao. Os desenvolvimentos conseguidos por esta area tem contribuido significativamente para diversos avancos no campo da Medicina Regenerativa. Esta ciencia interdisciplinar combina os conhecimentos de diversas outras areas, tao distintas como a Engenharia de Materiais e a Biologia, com o objectivo de desenvolver substitutos sinteticos para tecidos humanos. Para se atingir este objectivo utilizam-se, de uma forma generica, combinacoes especificas de celulas e de um material de suporte tridimensional com propriedades adequadas, gerando um material hibrido cujas caracteristicas podem ainda ser moduladas atraves do sistema de cultura usado. A presente tese e centrada no desenvolvimento de estrategias de engenharia de tecido osseo baseadas na cultura in vitro de celulas previamente "semeadas" num suporte tridimensional ("scaffold"). Esta estrategia permite que as celulas adiram ao suporte, proliferem e segreguem matriz extracelular especifica do tecido osseo, ate se obter um substituto artificial funcional com caracteristicas do tecido original, que pode finalmente ser transplantado para tratar o defeito em causa. Para que uma estrategia deste tipo seja bem sucedida, pelo menos tres componentes fundamentais devem ser cuidadosamente estudados: o material de suporte (scaffold), as celulas a usar e o sistema de cultura in vitro. Dai que os principais objectivos desta tese estejam relacionados com estes tres aspectos, nomeadamente: • Desenvolvimento de scaffolds biodegradaveis a partir de polimeros a base de amido de milho que induzam a adesao e proliferacao celular e que apresentem propriedades adequadas, tais como a porosidade e interconectividade entre poros, de forma a proporcionar um ambiente que favoreca o desenvolvimento in vitro de um material hibrido com caracteristicas similares ao osso humano. • Estudo da utilizacao de celulas da medula ossea como uma potencial fonte de celulas para engenharia do

Multi-Objective PID-Controller Tuning for a Magnetic Levitation System using NSGA-II

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Gerulf K. M.; Yang, Zhenyu

2006-01-01

This paper investigates the issue of PID-controller parameter tuning for a magnetic levitation system using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The magnetic levitation system is inherently unstable and the PID-controller parameters are hard to find using conventional methods....... Based on four different performance measures, derived from the step response of the levitation system, the algorithm is used to find a set of non-dominated parameters for a PID-controller that can stabilize the system and minimize the performance measures....

Design of a self-adaptive fuzzy PID controller for piezoelectric ceramics micro-displacement system

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Shuang; Zhong, Yuning; Xu, Zhongbao

2008-12-01

In order to improve control precision of the piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) micro-displacement system, a self-adaptive fuzzy Proportional Integration Differential (PID) controller is designed based on the traditional digital PID controller combining with fuzzy control. The arithmetic gives a fuzzy control rule table with the fuzzy control rule and fuzzy reasoning, through this table, the PID parameters can be adjusted online in real time control. Furthermore, the automatic selective control is achieved according to the change of the error. The controller combines the good dynamic capability of the fuzzy control and the high stable precision of the PID control, adopts the method of using fuzzy control and PID control in different segments of time. In the initial and middle stage of the transition process of system, that is, when the error is larger than the value, fuzzy control is used to adjust control variable. It makes full use of the fast response of the fuzzy control. And when the error is smaller than the value, the system is about to be in the steady state, PID control is adopted to eliminate static error. The problems of PZT existing in the field of precise positioning are overcome. The results of the experiments prove that the project is correct and practicable.

Adaptive PID formation control of nonholonomic robots without leader's velocity information.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Dongbin; Sun, Weijie; Sun, Zhendong

2014-03-01

This paper proposes an adaptive proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithm to solve a formation control problem in the leader-follower framework where the leader robot's velocities are unknown for the follower robots. The main idea is first to design some proper ideal control law for the formation system to obtain a required performance, and then to propose the adaptive PID methodology to approach the ideal controller. As a result, the formation is achieved with much more enhanced robust formation performance. The stability of the closed-loop system is theoretically proved by Lyapunov method. Both numerical simulations and physical vehicle experiments are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive PID algorithm. Copyright © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of fuzzy adaptive PID controller on thermal frequency stabilizing laser with double longitudinal modes

Science.gov (United States)

Mo, Qingkai; Zhang, Tao; Yan, Yining

2016-10-01

There are contradictions among speediness, anti-disturbance performance, and steady-state accuracy caused by traditional PID controller in the existing light source systems of thermal frequency stabilizing laser with double longitudinal modes. In this paper, a new kind of fuzzy adaptive PID controller was designed by combining fuzzy PID control technology and expert system to make frequency stabilizing system obtain the optimal performance. The experiments show that the frequency stability of the designed PID controller is similar to the existing PID controller (the magnitude of frequency stability is less than 10-9 in constant temperature and 10-7 in open air). But the preheating time is shortened obviously (from 10 minutes to 5 minutes) and the anti-disturbance capability is improved significantly (the recovery time needed after strong interference is reduced from 1 minute to 10 seconds).

Demonstration of the improved PID method for the accurate temperature control of ADRs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shinozaki, K.; Hoshino, A.; Ishisaki, Y.; Mihara, T.

2006-01-01

Microcalorimeters require extreme stability (-bar 10μK) of thermal bath at low temperature (∼100mK). We have developed a portable adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) system for ground experiments with TES microcalorimeters, in which we observed residual temperature between aimed and measured values when magnet current was controlled with the standard Proportional, Integral, and Derivative control (PID) method. The difference increases in time as the magnet current decreases. This phenomenon can be explained by the theory of the magnetic cooling, and we have introduced a new functional parameter to improve the PID method. With this improvement, long-term stability of the ADR temperature about 10μK rms is obtained up to the period of ∼15ks down to almost zero magnet current. We briefly describe our ADR system and principle of the improved PID method, showing the temperature control result. It is demonstrated that the controlled time of the aimed temperature can be extended by about 30% longer than the standard PID method in our system. The improved PID method is considered to be of great advantage especially in the range of small magnet current

Simultaneous gains tuning in boiler/turbine PID-based controller clusters using iterative feedback tuning methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Shu; Taft, Cyrus W; Bentsman, Joseph; Hussey, Aaron; Petrus, Bryan

2012-09-01

Tuning a complex multi-loop PID based control system requires considerable experience. In today's power industry the number of available qualified tuners is dwindling and there is a great need for better tuning tools to maintain and improve the performance of complex multivariable processes. Multi-loop PID tuning is the procedure for the online tuning of a cluster of PID controllers operating in a closed loop with a multivariable process. This paper presents the first application of the simultaneous tuning technique to the multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) PID based nonlinear controller in the power plant control context, with the closed-loop system consisting of a MIMO nonlinear boiler/turbine model and a nonlinear cluster of six PID-type controllers. Although simplified, the dynamics and cross-coupling of the process and the PID cluster are similar to those used in a real power plant. The particular technique selected, iterative feedback tuning (IFT), utilizes the linearized version of the PID cluster for signal conditioning, but the data collection and tuning is carried out on the full nonlinear closed-loop system. Based on the figure of merit for the control system performance, the IFT is shown to deliver performance favorably comparable to that attained through the empirical tuning carried out by an experienced control engineer. Copyright © 2012 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID Neural Network Based Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor Using Programmable Logic Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARABA, V. A.

2011-11-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the structure and characteristics of PID Neural Network controller for single input and single output systems. PID Neural Network is a new kind of controller that includes the advantages of artificial neural networks and classic PID controller. Functioning of this controller is based on the update of controller parameters according to the value extracted from system output pursuant to the rules of back propagation algorithm used in artificial neural networks. Parameters obtained from the application of PID Neural Network training algorithm on the speed model of the asynchronous motor exhibiting second order linear behavior were used in the real time speed control of the motor. Programmable logic controller (PLC was used as real time controller. The real time control results show that reference speed successfully maintained under various load conditions.

APPLICATION OF NONLINEAR PID CONTROLLER IN SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE

OpenAIRE

PENG, Xiaotao; CHENG, Shijie

2011-01-01

As a new control strategy, Nonlinear PID(NLPID) controller has been introduced in the power system successfully. The controller is free of planting model foundation in the design procedure and realized simply. In this paper, a nonlinear PID controller used for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit connected to a power system is proposed. Purpose of designing such controller is to improve the stability of the power system in a relatively wide operation range. The design procedure...

PID and predictive control of electrical drives and power converters using MATLAB/Simulink

CERN Document Server

Wang, Liuping; Yoo, Dae; Gan, Lu; Ng, Ki

2015-01-01

A timely introduction to current research on PID and predictive control by one of the leading authors on the subject PID and Predictive Control of Electric Drives and Power Supplies using MATLAB/Simulink examines the classical control system strategies, such as PID control, feed-forward control and cascade control, which are widely used in current practice.  The authors share their experiences in actual design and implementation of the control systems on laboratory test-beds, taking the reader from the fundamentals through to more sophisticated design and analysis.    The book contains secti

Rail Vehicle Vibrations Control Using Parameters Adaptive PID Controller

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Muzaffer Metin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this study, vertical rail vehicle vibrations are controlled by the use of conventional PID and parameters which are adaptive to PID controllers. A parameters adaptive PID controller is designed to improve the passenger comfort by intuitional usage of this method that renews the parameters online and sensitively under variable track inputs. Sinusoidal vertical rail misalignment and measured real rail irregularity are considered as two different disruptive effects of the system. Active vibration control is applied to the system through the secondary suspension. The active suspension application of rail vehicle is examined by using 5-DOF quarter-rail vehicle model by using Manchester benchmark dynamic parameters. The new parameters of adaptive controller are optimized by means of genetic algorithm toolbox of MATLAB. Simulations are performed at maximum urban transportation speed (90 km/h of the rail vehicle with ±5% load changes of rail vehicle body to test the robustness of controllers. As a result, superior performance of parameters of adaptive controller is determined in time and frequency domain.

Design of PID Controller Simulator based on Genetic Algorithm

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Fahri VATANSEVER

2013-08-01

Full Text Available PID (Proportional Integral and Derivative controllers take an important place in the field of system controlling. Various methods such as Ziegler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon, Chien Hrones Reswick (CHR and Wang-Juang-Chan are available for the design of such controllers benefiting from the system time and frequency domain data. These controllers are in compliance with system properties under certain criteria suitable to the system. Genetic algorithms have become widely used in control system applications in parallel to the advances in the field of computer and artificial intelligence. In this study, PID controller designs have been carried out by means of classical methods and genetic algorithms and comparative results have been analyzed. For this purpose, a graphical user interface program which can be used for educational purpose has been developed. For the definite (entered transfer functions, the suitable P, PI and PID controller coefficients have calculated by both classical methods and genetic algorithms and many parameters and responses of the systems have been compared and presented numerically and graphically

Sizing an isolated wind-solar-fuel cell generation system based on the particle swarm optimization method; Dimensionamiento de un sistema de generacion aislado eolico-solar-celda de combustible basado en el metodo de optimizacion de enjambre de particulas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez-Huerta, V; Ramirez-Arredondo, Juan M. [Universidad de Quintana Roo, Chetumal, Quintana Roo (Mexico)]. E-mail: vsanchez@gdl.cinvestav.mx; Arriaga-Hurtado, L. G. [CIDETEQ, Queretaro (Mexico)

2009-09-15

Sizing an electric energy system requires an analysis of investment, maintenance and operating costs. In the case of a generation system that uses renewable sources, optimal capacity becomes more complex compared to a conventional system, because of the randomness of renewable resources (wind, solar) and the still high costs of wind and photovoltage generator modules. This work presents the optimal sizing of a wind-solar-fuel cell generation system, minimizing the costs of the system while satisfying the energy demands of an isolated charge. The optimization method used is based on an evolutionary programming technique known as particle swarms (PSO-particle swarm optimization). The generation of energy with a hybrid system is discussed, based on the profile of insolation and wind availability at the site, with the objective of satisfying a specific electric demand. [Spanish] El dimensionamiento de un sistema de generacion de energia electrica requiere un analisis de los costos de inversion, mantenimiento y operacion. En el caso de un sistema de generacion que utiliza fuentes renovables la capacidad optima resulta mas compleja con respecto a un sistema convencional, debido a la aleatoriedad de los recursos renovables (eolico, solar), y a los aun altos costos de generadores eolicos y modulos fotovoltaicos. En este trabajo se presenta el dimensionamiento optimo de un sistema de generacion eolico-solar-celda de combustible minimizando los costos del sistema que satisfaga la energia demandada por una carga aislada. El metodo de optimizacion utilizado esta basado en una tecnica de programacion evolutiva conocida como enjambre de particulas (PSO por sus siglas en ingles: particle swarm optimization). Se plantea la generacion de energia del sistema hibrido con base a la insolacion y el perfil del viento disponible en sitio, con objeto de satisfacer una demanda electrica determinada.

PID-Controller Tuning Optimization with Genetic Algorithms in Servo Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arturo Y. Jaen-Cuellar

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Performance improvement is the main goal of the study of PID control and much research has been conducted for this purpose. The PID filter is implemented in almost all industrial processes because of its well-known beneficial features. In general, the whole system's performance strongly depends on the controller's efficiency and hence the tuning process plays a key role in the system's behaviour. In this work, the servo systems will be analysed, specifically the positioning control systems. Among the existent tuning methods, the Gain-Phase Margin method based on Frequency Response analysis is the most adequate for controller tuning in positioning control systems. Nevertheless, this method can be improved by integrating an optimization technique. The novelty of this work is the development of a new methodology for PID control tuning by coupling the Gain-Phase Margin method with the Genetic Algorithms in which the micro-population concept and adaptive mutation probability are applied. Simulations using a positioning system model in MATLAB and experimental tests in two CNC machines and an industrial robot are carried out in order to show the effectiveness of the proposal. The obtained results are compared with both the classical Gain-Phase Margin tuning and with a recent PID controller optimization using Genetic Algorithms based on real codification. The three methodologies are implemented using software.

Oscillations-free PID control of anesthetic drug delivery in neuromuscular blockade.

Science.gov (United States)

Medvedev, Alexander; Zhusubaliyev, Zhanybai T; Rosén, Olov; Silva, Margarida M

2016-07-25

The PID-control of drug delivery or the neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in closed-loop anesthesia is considered. The NMB system dynamics portrayed by a Wiener model can exhibit sustained nonlinear oscillations under realistic PID gains and for physiologically feasible values of the model parameters. Such oscillations, also repeatedly observed in clinical trials, lead to under- and over-dosing of the administered drug and undermine patient safety. This paper proposes a tuning policy for the proportional PID gain that via bifurcation analysis ensures oscillations-free performance of the control loop. Online estimates of the Wiener model parameters are needed for the controller implementation and monitoring of the closed-loop proximity to oscillation. The nonlinear dynamics of the PID-controlled NMB system are studied by bifurcation analysis. A database of patient models estimated under PID-controlled neuromuscular blockade during general anesthesia is utilized, along with the corresponding clinical measurements. The performance of three recursive algorithms is compared in the application at hand: an extended Kalman filter, a conventional particle filter (PF), and a PF making use of an orthonormal basis to estimate the probability density function from the particle set. It is shown that with a time-varying proportional PID gain, the type of equilibria of the closed-loop system remains the same as in the case of constant controller gains. The recovery time and frequency of oscillations are also evaluated in simulation over the database of patient models. Nonlinear identification techniques based on model linearization yield biased parameter estimates and thus introduce superfluous uncertainty. The bias and variance of the estimated models are related to the computational complexity of the identification algorithms, highlighting the superiority of the PFs in this safety-critical application. The study demonstrates feasibility of the proposed oscillation-free control

Adaptive PID control based on orthogonal endocrine neural networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Milovanović, Miroslav B; Antić, Dragan S; Milojković, Marko T; Nikolić, Saša S; Perić, Staniša Lj; Spasić, Miodrag D

2016-12-01

A new intelligent hybrid structure used for online tuning of a PID controller is proposed in this paper. The structure is based on two adaptive neural networks, both with built-in Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials. First substructure network is a regular orthogonal neural network with implemented artificial endocrine factor (OENN), in the form of environmental stimuli, to its weights. It is used for approximation of control signals and for processing system deviation/disturbance signals which are introduced in the form of environmental stimuli. The output values of OENN are used to calculate artificial environmental stimuli (AES), which represent required adaptation measure of a second network-orthogonal endocrine adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (OEANFIS). OEANFIS is used to process control, output and error signals of a system and to generate adjustable values of proportional, derivative, and integral parameters, used for online tuning of a PID controller. The developed structure is experimentally tested on a laboratory model of the 3D crane system in terms of analysing tracking performances and deviation signals (error signals) of a payload. OENN-OEANFIS performances are compared with traditional PID and 6 intelligent PID type controllers. Tracking performance comparisons (in transient and steady-state period) showed that the proposed adaptive controller possesses performances within the range of other tested controllers. The main contribution of OENN-OEANFIS structure is significant minimization of deviation signals (17%-79%) compared to other controllers. It is recommended to exploit it when dealing with a highly nonlinear system which operates in the presence of undesirable disturbances. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fractional order PID controller for load frequency control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sondhi, Swati; Hote, Yogesh V.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The manuscript shows the design of FOPID controller for the load frequency control. • Performance of FOPID is given for non-reheated, reheated and hydro turbine. • Performance of FOPID is compared to IMC-PID and reduced order IMC-PID design scheme. • Performance of FOPID is better than the existing techniques. - Abstract: Load frequency control (LFC) plays a very important role in providing quality power both in the case of isolated as well as interconnected power systems. In order to maintain good quality power supply, the LFC should possess robustness toward the parametric uncertainty of the system and good disturbance rejection capability. The fractional order controller has the properties such as, eliminating steady state error, robustness toward plant gain variations and also good disturbance rejection. This makes the fractional order PID (FOPID) controller quite suitable for the LFC. Therefore, in this paper a FOPID is designed for single area LFC for all three types of turbines i.e., non-reheated, reheated and hydro turbines. It is observed that the FOPID controller shows better robustness toward ±50% parametric uncertainty and disturbance rejection capability than the existing techniques. Finally, the optimization of controller parameters and robustness evaluation of the control technique is done on the basis of the integral error criterion

Comparison of tuning methods for design of PID controller as an A VR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sheikh, S.A.; Ahmed, I.; Unar, M.A.

2009-01-01

The primary means of generator reactive power control is the generator-excitation Control, using Automatic Voltage Regulator (A VR). The role of A VR is to hold the terminal voltage magnitude of Synchronous generator at a specified level. This paper presents the design of a proportional integral-derivative (PID) controller as an A VR. The PID controller has been tuned by various tuning methods. From all methods, PID parameters are computed through various techniques i.e. Process-reaction curve, Closed-loop system, open-loop system gain margin and phase-margin specifications. From these methods, it has been found that Zhaung- Atherton method and Ho, Hang and Cao method are much superior to the conventional Ziegler-Nichols rules. The performance of the controller has been evaluated through Simulation Studies in MATLAB environment. It has been demonstrated that the PID controller, tuned with the said methods, yields highly satisfactory closed-loop performance. (author)

Fractional order PID controller for improvement of PMSM speed control in aerospace applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saraji, Ali Motalebi [Young Researchers and Elite Club, AliAbad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, AliAbad Katoul (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ghanbari, Mahmood [Department of Electrical Engineering, AliAbad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, AliAbad Katoul (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-12-10

Because of the benefits reduced size, cost and maintenance, noise, CO2 emissions and increased control flexibility and precision, to meet these expectations, electrical equipment increasingly utilize in modern aircraft systems and aerospace industry rather than conventional mechanic, hydraulic, and pneumatic power systems. Electric motor drives are capable of converting electrical power to drive actuators, pumps, compressors, and other subsystems at variable speeds. In the past decades, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and brushless dc (BLDC) motor were investigated for aerospace applications such as aircraft actuators. In this paper, the fractional-order PID controller is used in the design of speed loop of PMSM speed control system. Having more parameters for tuning fractional order PID controller lead to good performance ratio to integer order. This good performance is shown by comparison fractional order PID controller with the conventional PI and tuned PID controller by Genetic algorithm in MATLAB soft wear.

Fractional order PID controller for improvement of PMSM speed control in aerospace applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saraji, Ali Motalebi; Ghanbari, Mahmood

2014-01-01

Because of the benefits reduced size, cost and maintenance, noise, CO2 emissions and increased control flexibility and precision, to meet these expectations, electrical equipment increasingly utilize in modern aircraft systems and aerospace industry rather than conventional mechanic, hydraulic, and pneumatic power systems. Electric motor drives are capable of converting electrical power to drive actuators, pumps, compressors, and other subsystems at variable speeds. In the past decades, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and brushless dc (BLDC) motor were investigated for aerospace applications such as aircraft actuators. In this paper, the fractional-order PID controller is used in the design of speed loop of PMSM speed control system. Having more parameters for tuning fractional order PID controller lead to good performance ratio to integer order. This good performance is shown by comparison fractional order PID controller with the conventional PI and tuned PID controller by Genetic algorithm in MATLAB soft wear

Comparison of intelligent fuzzy based AGC coordinated PID controlled and PSS controlled AVR system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mukherjee, V. [Department of Electrical Engineering, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, West Bengal (India); Ghoshal, S.P. [Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal (India)

2007-11-15

This paper attempts to investigate the performance of intelligent fuzzy based coordinated control of the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) loop and the excitation loop equipped with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controlled Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system and Power System Stabilizer (PSS) controlled AVR system. The work establishes that PSS controlled AVR system is much more robust in dynamic performance of the system over a wide range of system operating configurations. Thus, it is revealed that PSS equipped AVR is much more superior than PID equipped AVR in damping the oscillation resulting in improved transient response. The paper utilizes a novel class of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) termed as Craziness based Particle Swarm Optimization (CRPSO) as optimizing tool to get optimal tuning of PSS parameters as well as the gains of PID controllers. For on-line, off-nominal operating conditions Takagi Sugeno Fuzzy Logic (TSFL) has been applied to obtain the off-nominal optimal gains of PID controllers and parameters of PSS. Implementation of TSFL helps to achieve very fast dynamic response. Fourth order model of generator with AVR and high gain thyristor excitation system is considered for PSS controlled system while normal gain exciter is considered for PID controlled system. Simulation study also reveals that with high gain exciter, PID control is not at all effective. Transient responses are achieved by using modal analysis. (author)

EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND PACKING RATIO OF PID ON VIBRATION AMPLITUDE OF BEAM

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P.S. Kachare

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Everything in the universe that has mass possesses stiffness and intrinsic damping. Owing to the stiffness property, mass will vibrate when excited and its intrinsic damping property will act to stop the vibration. The particle impact damper (PID is a very interesting damper that affects impact and friction effects of particles by means of energy dissipation. PID is a means for achieving high structural damping by using a particle-filled enclosure attached to a structure. The particles absorb the kinetic energy of the structure and convert it into heat through inelastic collisions between the particles themselves and between the particles and the walls of the enclosure. In this work, PID is measured for a cantilever mild steel beam with an enclosure attached to its free end; copper particles are used in this study. The PID is found to be highly nonlinear. The most useful observation is that for a very small weight penalty (about 7% to 8 %, the maximum damped amplitude of vibration at resonance with a PID, is about 9 to 10 times smaller than that without a PID. It is for more than that of with only intrinsic material damping of a majority of structural metals. A satisfactory comparison of damping with and without particles through experimentation is observed. The effect of the size of the particles on the damping performance of the beam and the effective packing ratio can be identified. It is also shown that as the packing ratio changes, the contributions of the phenomena of impact and friction towards damping also change. It is encouraging that despite its deceptive simplicity, the model captures the essential physics of PID.

JACoW Automatic PID performance monitoring applied to LHC cryogenics

CERN Document Server

Bradu, Benjamin; Marti, Ruben; Tilaro, Filippo

2018-01-01

At CERN, the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) cryogenic system employs about 5000 PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) regulation loops distributed over the 27 km of the accelerator. Tuning all these regulation loops is a complex task and the systematic monitoring of them should be done in an automated way to be sure that the overall plant performance is improved by identifying the poorest performing PID controllers. It is nearly impossible to check the performance of a regulation loop with a classical threshold technique as the controlled variables could evolve in large operation ranges and the amount of data cannot be manually checked daily. This paper presents the adaptation and the application of an existing regulation indicator performance algorithm on the LHC cryogenic system and the different results obtained in the past year of operation. This technique is generic for any PID feedback control loop, it does not use any process model and needs only a few tuning parameters. The publication also describes th...

Effects of a GPC-PID control strategy with hierarchical structure for a cooling coil unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu Min; Li Shaoyuan; Cai Wenjian; Lu Lu

2006-01-01

This paper presents a GPC-PID control strategy for a cooling-coil unit in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. By analysis of the cooling towers and chillers, different models in the occupied period are considered in each operating condition. Because of the complication of components, well tuned PID controllers are unsatisfied, and the results are poor over a wide range of operation conditions. To solve this problem, a GPC-PID controller with hierarchical structure is proposed based on minimizing the generalized predictive control criterion to tune conventional PID controller parameters. Simulation and experiments show that the proposed controller is able to deal with a wide range of operating conditions and to achieve better performance than conventional methods

Closed-loop step response for tuning PID-fractional-order-filter controllers.

Science.gov (United States)

Amoura, Karima; Mansouri, Rachid; Bettayeb, Maâmar; Al-Saggaf, Ubaid M

2016-09-01

Analytical methods are usually applied for tuning fractional controllers. The present paper proposes an empirical method for tuning a new type of fractional controller known as PID-Fractional-Order-Filter (FOF-PID). Indeed, the setpoint overshoot method, initially introduced by Shamsuzzoha and Skogestad, has been adapted for tuning FOF-PID controller. Based on simulations for a range of first order with time delay processes, correlations have been derived to obtain PID-FOF controller parameters similar to those obtained by the Internal Model Control (IMC) tuning rule. The setpoint overshoot method requires only one closed-loop step response experiment using a proportional controller (P-controller). To highlight the potential of this method, simulation results have been compared with those obtained with the IMC method as well as other pertinent techniques. Various case studies have also been considered. The comparison has revealed that the proposed tuning method performs as good as the IMC. Moreover, it might offer a number of advantages over the IMC tuning rule. For instance, the parameters of the fractional controller are directly obtained from the setpoint closed-loop response data without the need of any model of the plant to be controlled. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of PID Power System Stabilizer for a Synchronous Machine in Simulink Environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yi, Tan Qian; Kasilingam, Gowrishankar; Raguraman, Raman

2013-01-01

This paper presents the use of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller with power system stabilizer (PSS) in a single machine infinite bus system. A PSS is used to generate supplementary damping control signals for an excitation system in order to damp out low frequency oscillations (LFO) of an electric power system. The paper is modelled in the MATLAB Simulink Environment to analyze the performance of a synchronous machine under a wide range of operating conditions. The functional blocks of PID controller with PSS are generated and the simulation studies are conducted based on different test cases to observe the dynamic performance of the power system. Analysis in this paper reveals that the PID-PSS gives better dynamic performance as compared to that of conventional power system stabilizer and also the optimal gain settings of PID PSS obtained at normal operating condition works well to other operating condition without much deterioration of the dynamic responses.

An analytical method for PID controller tuning with specified gain and phase margins for integral plus time delay processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Wuhua; Xiao, Gaoxi; Li, Xiumin

2011-04-01

In this paper, an analytical method is proposed for proportional-integral/proportional-derivative/proportional-integral-derivative (PI/PD/PID) controller tuning with specified gain and phase margins (GPMs) for integral plus time delay (IPTD) processes. Explicit formulas are also obtained for estimating the GPMs resulting from given PI/PD/PID controllers. The proposed method indicates a general form of the PID parameters and unifies a large number of existing rules as PI/PD/PID controller tuning with various GPM specifications. The GPMs realized by existing PID tuning rules are computed and documented as a reference for control engineers to tune the PID controllers. Copyright © 2011 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development and validation of an Overreporting Scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5).

Science.gov (United States)

Sellbom, Martin; Dhillon, Sonya; Bagby, R Michael

2018-05-01

Our aim in the current study was to develop a validity scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to detect noncredible overreported responding. To this end, we used a rare symptoms approach and identified extreme response options on PID-5 items that were infrequently endorsed by students in 3 different university samples (N = 1,370) and in a psychiatric patient sample (N = 194). The resulting 10-item scale (the PID-5-ORS) produced adequate-to-good estimates of internal reliability and was significantly correlated with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructued Form (MMPI-2-RF) overreporting validity scales, providing evidence of concurrent validity. The criterion validity of the PID-5-ORS was demonstrated in an analog simulation design study. More specifically, university students instructed to overreport (n = 80) scored substantially higher on the PID-5-ORS relative to both a group of genuine psychiatric patients and students instructed to complete the PID-5 under standard (honest) instructions (n = 161); the effect size magnitudes associated with these differences were large. Classification accuracy analyses further revealed that high scores on the PID-5-ORS were associated with high specificity (and thus, low rates of false positive classifications) in differentiating overreporters from genuine patients, with sensitivity being somewhat weaker. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Improved Artificial Fish Algorithm for Parameters Optimization of PID Neural Network

OpenAIRE

Jing Wang; Yourui Huang

2013-01-01

In order to solve problems such as initial weights are difficult to be determined, training results are easy to trap in local minima in optimization process of PID neural network parameters by traditional BP algorithm, this paper proposed a new method based on improved artificial fish algorithm for parameters optimization of PID neural network. This improved artificial fish algorithm uses a composite adaptive artificial fish algorithm based on optimal artificial fish and nearest artificial fi...

Position Control of a Pneumatic Muscle Actuator Using RBF Neural Network Tuned PID Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jie Zhao

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Pneumatic Muscle Actuator (PMA has a broad application prospect in soft robotics. However, PMA has highly nonlinear and hysteretic properties among force, displacement, and pressure, which lead to difficulty in accurate position control. A phenomenological model is developed to portray the hysteretic behavior of PMA. This phenomenological model consists of linear component and hysteretic component force. The latter component is described by Duhem model. An experimental apparatus is built up and sets of experimental data are acquired. Based on the experimental data, parameters of the model are identified. Validation of the model is performed. Then a novel cascade position PID controller is devised for a 1-DOF manipulator actuated by PMA. The outer loop of the controller is to cope with position control whilst the inner loop deals with pressure dynamics within PMA. To enhance the adaptability of the PID algorithm to the high nonlinearities of the manipulator, PID parameters are tuned online using RBF Neural Network. Experiments are performed and comparison between position response of RBF Neural Network based PID controller and that of classic PID controller demonstrates the effectiveness of the novel adaptive controller on the manipulator.

A 2-Dof LQR based PID controller for integrating processes considering robustness/performance tradeoff.

Science.gov (United States)

Srivastava, Saurabh; Pandit, V S

2017-11-01

This paper focuses on the analytical design of a Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller together with a unique set point filter that makes the overall Two-Degree of-Freedom (2-Dof) control system for integrating processes with time delay. The PID controller tuning is based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) using dominant pole placement approach to obtain good regulatory response. The set point filter is designed with the calculated PID parameters and using a single filter time constant (λ) to precisely control the servo response. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a series of illustrative examples using real industrial integrated process models. The whole range of PID parameters is obtained for each case in a tradeoff between the robustness of the closed loop system measured in terms of Maximum Sensitivity (M s ) and the load disturbance measured in terms of Integral of Absolute Errors (IAE). Results show improved closed loop response in terms of regulatory and servo responses with less control efforts when compared with the latest PID tuning methods of integrating systems. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Research on Environmental Adjustment of Cloud Ranch Based on BP Neural Network PID Control

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Jinzhi; Xiang, Wei; Zhao, Lin; Wu, Jianbo; Huang, Lianzhen; Tu, Qinggang; Zhao, Heming

2018-01-01

In order to make the intelligent ranch management mode replace the traditional artificial one gradually, this paper proposes a pasture environment control system based on cloud server, and puts forward the PID control algorithm based on BP neural network to control temperature and humidity better in the pasture environment. First, to model the temperature and humidity (controlled object) of the pasture, we can get the transfer function. Then the traditional PID control algorithm and the PID one based on BP neural network are applied to the transfer function. The obtained step tracking curves can be seen that the PID controller based on BP neural network has obvious superiority in adjusting time and error, etc. This algorithm, calculating reasonable control parameters of the temperature and humidity to control environment, can be better used in the cloud service platform.

Algoritmos Evolutivos y su empleo en el ajuste de controladores del tipo PID: Estado Actual y Perspectivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gilberto Reynoso-Meza

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los controladores PID continúan siendo una solución fiable, robusta, práctica y sencilla para el control de procesos. Actualmente constituyen la primera capa de control de la gran mayoría de las aplicaciones industriales. De ahí que un número importante de trabajos de investigación se han orientado a mejorar su rendimiento y prestaciones. Las líneas de investigación en este campo van desde nuevos métodos de ajuste, pasando por nuevos tipos de estructura hasta metodologías de diseño integrales. Particularizando en el ajuste de parámetros, una de las formas de obtener una solución novedosa consiste en plantear un problema de optimización, el cual puede llegar a ser no-lineal, no-convexo y con restricciones. Dado que los algoritmos evolutivos han mostrado un buen desempeño para solucionar problemas complejos de optimización, han sido utilizados en diversas propuestas relacionadas con el ajuste de controladores PID. Este trabajo muestra un revisión de estas propuestas y las prestaciones obtenidas en cada caso. Así mismo, se identifican algunas tendencias y posibles líneas de trabajo futuras. Abstract: PID controllers are a reliable, robust, practical and easy to implement control solution for industrial processes. They provide the first control layer for a vast majority of industrial applications. Owing to this, several researches invest time and resources to improve their performance. The research lines in this field scope with new tuning methods, new types of structures and integral design methods. For tuning methods, improvements could be fulfilled stating an optimization problem, which could be non-linear, non-convex and highly constrained. In such instances, evolutionary algorithms have shown a good performance and have been used in various proposals related with PID controllers tuning. This work shows a review of these proposals and the benefits obtained in each case. Some

FDTD based transition time dependent crosstalk analysis for coupled RLC interconnects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Devendra Kumar; Kaushik, Brajesh Kumar; Sharma, R. K.

2014-01-01

The performance of high density chips operating in the GHz range is mostly affected by on-chip interconnects. The interconnect delay depends on many factors, a few of them are inputs toggling patterns, line and coupling parasitics, input rise/fall time and source/load characteristics. The transition time of the input is of prime importance in high speed circuits. This paper addresses the FDTD based analysis of transition time effects on functional and dynamic crosstalk. The analysis is carried out for equal and unequal transition times of coupled inputs. The analysis of the effects of unequal rise time is equally important because practically, it is quite common to have mismatching in the rise time of the signals transmitting through different length wires. To demonstrate the effects, two distributed RLC lines coupled inductively and capacitively are taken into consideration. The FDTD technique is used because it gives accurate results and carries time domain analysis of coupled lines. The number of lumps in SPICE simulations is considered the same as those of spatial segments. To validate the FDTD computed results, SPICE simulations are run and results are compared. A good agreement of the computed results has been observed with respect to SPICE simulated results. An average error of less than 3.2% is observed in the computation of the performance parameters using the proposed method. (semiconductor integrated circuits)

Research on reactor power controller based on artificial immune P and PID cascade control technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng Shouyu; Peng Minjun; Liu Xinkai

2014-01-01

The Reactor Power control system usually adopts the traditional PID controller, the traditional PID controller can meet the operating requirements, but the control effect is not very good. In order to improve this condition, the paper proposes an immune P and PID cascade controller which based the immune mechanism of B-cell co-operating with T-cell, the nuclear power controller based on artificial immune is less reported. In order to verify and validate the control strategy, the designed controller debugs with the full-scope real-time simulation system of nuclear power plants. The simulation results shows that the immune controller can effectively improve the dynamic operating characteristics of the reactor system, and the immune controller is superior to the traditional PID controller in control performance. (authors)

A fuzzy model based adaptive PID controller design for nonlinear and uncertain processes.

Science.gov (United States)

Savran, Aydogan; Kahraman, Gokalp

2014-03-01

We develop a novel adaptive tuning method for classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to control nonlinear processes to adjust PID gains, a problem which is very difficult to overcome in the classical PID controllers. By incorporating classical PID control, which is well-known in industry, to the control of nonlinear processes, we introduce a method which can readily be used by the industry. In this method, controller design does not require a first principal model of the process which is usually very difficult to obtain. Instead, it depends on a fuzzy process model which is constructed from the measured input-output data of the process. A soft limiter is used to impose industrial limits on the control input. The performance of the system is successfully tested on the bioreactor, a highly nonlinear process involving instabilities. Several tests showed the method's success in tracking, robustness to noise, and adaptation properties. We as well compared our system's performance to those of a plant with altered parameters with measurement noise, and obtained less ringing and better tracking. To conclude, we present a novel adaptive control method that is built upon the well-known PID architecture that successfully controls highly nonlinear industrial processes, even under conditions such as strong parameter variations, noise, and instabilities. © 2013 Published by ISA on behalf of ISA.

Nonlinear adaptive PID control for greenhouse environment based on RBF network.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Songwei; Hu, Haigen; Xu, Lihong; Li, Guanghui

2012-01-01

This paper presents a hybrid control strategy, combining Radial Basis Function (RBF) network with conventional proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers, for the greenhouse climate control. A model of nonlinear conservation laws of enthalpy and matter between numerous system variables affecting the greenhouse climate is formulated. RBF network is used to tune and identify all PID gain parameters online and adaptively. The presented Neuro-PID control scheme is validated through simulations of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. We compare the proposed adaptive online tuning method with the offline tuning scheme that employs Genetic Algorithm (GA) to search the optimal gain parameters. The results show that the proposed strategy has good adaptability, strong robustness and real-time performance while achieving satisfactory control performance for the complex and nonlinear greenhouse climate control system, and it may provide a valuable reference to formulate environmental control strategies for actual application in greenhouse production.

Design of a new PID controller using predictive functional control optimization for chamber pressure in a coke furnace.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jianming

2017-03-01

An improved proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller based on predictive functional control (PFC) is proposed and tested on the chamber pressure in an industrial coke furnace. The proposed design is motivated by the fact that PID controllers for industrial processes with time delay may not achieve the desired control performance because of the unavoidable model/plant mismatches, while model predictive control (MPC) is suitable for such situations. In this paper, PID control and PFC algorithm are combined to form a new PID controller that has the basic characteristic of PFC algorithm and at the same time, the simple structure of traditional PID controller. The proposed controller was tested in terms of set-point tracking and disturbance rejection, where the obtained results showed that the proposed controller had the better ensemble performance compared with traditional PID controllers. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID feedback controller used as a tactical asset allocation technique: The G.A.M. model

Science.gov (United States)

Gandolfi, G.; Sabatini, A.; Rossolini, M.

2007-09-01

The objective of this paper is to illustrate a tactical asset allocation technique utilizing the PID controller. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is widely applied in most industrial processes; it has been successfully used for over 50 years and it is used by more than 95% of the plants processes. It is a robust and easily understood algorithm that can provide excellent control performance in spite of the diverse dynamic characteristics of the process plant. In finance, the process plant, controlled by the PID controller, can be represented by financial market assets forming a portfolio. More specifically, in the present work, the plant is represented by a risk-adjusted return variable. Money and portfolio managers’ main target is to achieve a relevant risk-adjusted return in their managing activities. In literature and in the financial industry business, numerous kinds of return/risk ratios are commonly studied and used. The aim of this work is to perform a tactical asset allocation technique consisting in the optimization of risk adjusted return by means of asset allocation methodologies based on the PID model-free feedback control modeling procedure. The process plant does not need to be mathematically modeled: the PID control action lies in altering the portfolio asset weights, according to the PID algorithm and its parameters, Ziegler-and-Nichols-tuned, in order to approach the desired portfolio risk-adjusted return efficiently.

Fuzzy PID Feedback Control of Piezoelectric Actuator with Feedforward Compensation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ziqiang Chi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Piezoelectric actuator is widely used in the field of micro/nanopositioning. However, piezoelectric hysteresis introduces nonlinearity to the system, which is the major obstacle to achieve a precise positioning. In this paper, the Preisach model is employed to describe the hysteresis characteristic of piezoelectric actuator and an inverse Preisach model is developed to construct a feedforward controller. Considering that the analytical expression of inverse Preisach model is difficult to derive and not suitable for practical application, a digital inverse model is established based on the input and output data of a piezoelectric actuator. Moreover, to mitigate the compensation error of the feedforward control, a feedback control scheme is implemented using different types of control algorithms in terms of PID control, fuzzy control, and fuzzy PID control. Extensive simulation studies are carried out using the three kinds of control systems. Comparative investigation reveals that the fuzzy PID control system with feedforward compensation is capable of providing quicker response and better control accuracy than the other two ones. It provides a promising way of precision control for piezoelectric actuator.

Wind turbine pitch control using ICPSO-PID algorithm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Xu, Chang; Tian, Qiangqiang; Shen, Wen Zhong

2013-01-01

For the traditional simplified first-order pitch-control system model, it is difficult to describe a real dynamic characteristic of a variable pitch action system, thus a complete high order mathematical model has to be developed for the pitch control of wind turbine generation (WTG). In the paper...... controller parameters quickly; and the feed-forward controller for wind speed can improve dynamics of a pitch-control system; additionally the power controller can allow a wind turbine to have a constant power output as a wind speed is over the rated one. Compared with a conventional PID, the controller...... with ICPSO-PID algorithm has a smaller overshoot, a shorter tuning time and better robustness. The design method proposed in the paper can be applied in a practical electro-hydraulic pitch control system for WTG....

Implementasi Kontrol PID pada Mesin Pengembang Roti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Novianti Yuliarmas

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Besides the ingredient composition, another important thing in the process of making dough is proofing, ie. dough rising process prior to roasting process. Proofing process requires a stable temperature to ensure that the dough is well rising. The purpose of this research is to make a proofing machine that uses DHT11 as a temperature sensor. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID controller is implemented to guarantee that the machine remains at the temperature of 350Celcius, in which the fermentation process would success. PID control has been implemented in fluorescent lamp which been set its dim light to generate heat until it reach a predetermined set point value. The temperature was monitored using LCD and set to remain stable with the help of fan. The proofing process will last for 15 minutes which ended by the sound of the buzzer. The testing result shows that the value of , , will reach set point value within 120 seconds.

PID temperature controller in pig nursery: improvements in performance, thermal comfort, and electricity use.

Science.gov (United States)

de Souza Granja Barros, Juliana; Rossi, Luiz Antonio; Sartor, Karina

2016-08-01

The use of smarter temperature control technologies in heating systems can optimize the use of electric power and performance of piglets. Two control technologies of a resistive heating system were assessed in a pig nursery: a PID (proportional, integral, and derivative) controller and a thermostat. The systems were evaluated regarding thermal environment, piglet performance, and use of electric power for 99 days. The heating system with PID controller improved the thermal environment conditions and was significantly (P PID-controlled heating system is more efficient in electricity use and provides better conditions for thermal comfort and animal performance than heating with thermostat.

Solar Cell Capacitance Determination Based on an RLC Resonant Circuit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petru Adrian Cotfas

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The capacitance is one of the key dynamic parameters of solar cells, which can provide essential information regarding the quality and health state of the cell. However, the measurement of this parameter is not a trivial task, as it typically requires high accuracy instruments using, e.g., electrical impedance spectroscopy (IS. This paper introduces a simple and effective method to determine the electric capacitance of the solar cells. An RLC (Resistor Inductance Capacitor circuit is formed by using an inductor as a load for the solar cell. The capacitance of the solar cell is found by measuring the frequency of the damped oscillation that occurs at the moment of connecting the inductor to the solar cell. The study is performed through simulation based on National Instruments (NI Multisim application as SPICE simulation software and through experimental capacitance measurements of a monocrystalline silicon commercial solar cell and a photovoltaic panel using the proposed method. The results were validated using impedance spectroscopy. The differences between the capacitance values obtained by the two methods are of 1% for the solar cells and of 9.6% for the PV panel. The irradiance level effect upon the solar cell capacitance was studied obtaining an increase in the capacitance in function of the irradiance. By connecting different inductors to the solar cell, the frequency effect upon the solar cell capacitance was studied noticing a very small decrease in the capacitance with the frequency. Additionally, the temperature effect over the solar cell capacitance was studied achieving an increase in capacitance with temperature.

Anti-windup adaptive PID control design for a class of uncertain chaotic systems with input saturation.

Science.gov (United States)

Tahoun, A H

2017-01-01

In this paper, the stabilization problem of actuators saturation in uncertain chaotic systems is investigated via an adaptive PID control method. The PID control parameters are auto-tuned adaptively via adaptive control laws. A multi-level augmented error is designed to account for the extra terms appearing due to the use of PID and saturation. The proposed control technique uses both the state-feedback and the output-feedback methodologies. Based on Lyapunov׳s stability theory, new anti-windup adaptive controllers are proposed. Demonstrative examples with MATLAB simulations are studied. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed adaptive PID controllers. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bacterial foraging-optimized PID control of a two-wheeled machine with a two-directional handling mechanism.

Science.gov (United States)

Goher, K M; Fadlallah, S O

2017-01-01

This paper presents the performance of utilizing a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm on a PID control scheme for controlling a five DOF two-wheeled robotic machine with two-directional handling mechanism. The system under investigation provides solutions for industrial robotic applications that require a limited-space working environment. The system nonlinear mathematical model, derived using Lagrangian modeling approach, is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink ® environment. Bacterial foraging-optimized PID control with decoupled nature is designed and implemented. Various working scenarios with multiple initial conditions are used to test the robustness and the system performance. Simulation results revealed the effectiveness of the bacterial foraging-optimized PID control method in improving the system performance compared to the PID control scheme.

PENERAPAN KENDALI HYBRID LOGIKA FUZZY- PID UNTUKMENINGKATKAN PERFORMANAVIGASI ROBOT BERODA WALL FOLLOWER

OpenAIRE

Utis Sutisna; Wahyu Diputra Siregar; Siswanto Nurhadiyono

2017-01-01

Dalam penelitian ini dirancang sistem kendali hybrid logika fuzzy-PID untuk mengendalikan navigasi pada robot wall follower. Sistem logika fuzzy dirancang untuk mengatur nilai-nilai parameter kendali PID berdasarkan dua masukan, yaitu error dan perubahan error.Nilai error didapat dari selisih antara set point jarak yang ditetapkan dengan nilai pembacaan sensor jarak, sedangkan nilai perubahan error didapat dari selisih antara error sekarang dengan error sebelumnya saat robot bernavigasi. Kelu...

Controlling Chaos and Voltage Collapse using Layered Recurrent Network-based PID-SVC in Power Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Made Ginarsa

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Chaos and voltage collapse occurred in critical power systems due to disturbing of energy. PID-SVC layered reccurrent neural network-based (LRN-based PID-SVC was proposed to solve this problem. A PID was used to control chaos and voltage collapse. Then, an SVC LRN-based to maintan the load voltage. By using the proposed controller, chaos and voltage collapse were able to suppress and maintain the load voltage around the setting value. Furthemore, the proposed controller gives better response than PI-SVC controller.

Effects of a PID Control System on Electromagnetic Fields in an nEDM Experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Molina, Daniel

2017-09-01

The Kellogg Radiation Laboratory is currently testing a prototype for an experiment that hopes to identify the electric dipole moment of the neutron. As part of this testing, we have developed a PID (proportional, integral, derivative) feedback system that uses large coils to fix the value of local external magnetic fields, up to linear gradients. PID algorithms compare the current value to a set-point and use the integral and derivative of the field with respect to the set-point to maintain constant fields. We have also developed a method for zeroing linear gradients within the experimental apparatus. In order to determine the performance of the PID algorithm, measurements of both the internal and external fields were obtained with and without the algorithm running, and these results were compared for noise and time stability. We have seen that the PID algorithm can reduce the effect of disturbance to the field by a factor of 10.

Designing an Energy Storage System Fuzzy PID Controller for Microgrid Islanded Operation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jin-Hong Jeon

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Recently, interest in microgrids, which are composed of distributed generation (DG, distributed storage (DS, and loads, has been growing as a potentially effective clean energy system to mitigate against climate change. The microgrid is operated in the grid-connected mode and the islanded mode according to the conditions of the upstream power grid. The role of the energy storage system (ESS is especially important to maintain constant the frequency and voltage of an islanded microgrid. For this reason, various approaches for ESS control have been put forth. In this paper, a fuzzy PID controller is proposed to improve the frequency control performance of the ESS. This fuzzy PID controller consists of a fuzzy logic controller and a conventional PI controller, connected in series. The fuzzy logic controller has two input signals, and then the output signal of the fuzzy logic controller is the input signal of the conventional PI controller. For comparison of control performance, gains of each PI controller and fuzzy PID controller are tuned by the particle swam optimization (PSO algorithm. In the simulation study, the control performance of the fuzzy PID was also tested under various operating conditions using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform.

DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UNA PLATAFORMA EXPERIMENTAL DE DOS GRADOS DE LIBERTAD CONTROLADA POR DOS TÉCNICAS: PID Y LÓGICA DIFUSA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Solaque Guzmán

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene por objeto mostrar una estructura de dos grados de libertad, concebida y diseñada para aproximarse a la experimentación de leyes de control de sistemas tipo helicópteros de cuatro hélices (Quad-Rotor – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Se realizó el modelado y control para dicha plataforma. Dos tipos de control se abarcaron: uno basado en técnicas lineales tipo PID, que hace uso de la linealización por series de Taylor; y el otro basado en técnicas de control difuso. Se deja una plataforma abierta y, mediante la incursión en software-hardware in loop, se habilita para experimentar otras teorías de control.

Intelligent PID controller based on ant system algorithm and fuzzy inference and its application to bionic artificial leg

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

谭冠政; 曾庆冬; 李文斌

2004-01-01

A designing method of intelligent proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controllers was proposed based on the ant system algorithm and fuzzy inference. This kind of controller is called Fuzzy-ant system PID controller. It consists of an off-line part and an on-line part. In the off-line part, for a given control system with a PID controller,by taking the overshoot, setting time and steady-state error of the system unit step response as the performance indexes and by using the ant system algorithm, a group of optimal PID parameters K*p , Ti* and T*d can be obtained, which are used as the initial values for the on-line tuning of PID parameters. In the on-line part, based on Kp* , Ti*and Td* and according to the current system error e and its time derivative, a specific program is written, which is used to optimize and adjust the PID parameters on-line through a fuzzy inference mechanism to ensure that the system response has optimal transient and steady-state performance. This kind of intelligent PID controller can be used to control the motor of the intelligent bionic artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation experiment shows that the controller has less overshoot and shorter setting time.

A new PID controller design for automatic generation control of hydro power systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khodabakhshian, A.; Hooshmand, R. [Electrical Engineering Department, University of Isfahan (Iran)

2010-06-15

This paper presents a new robust PID controller for automatic generation control (AGC) of hydro turbine power systems. The method is mainly based on a maximum peak resonance specification that is graphically supported by the Nichols chart. The open-loop frequency response curve is tangent to a specified ellipse and this makes the method to be efficient for controlling the overshoot, the stability and the dynamics of the system. Comparative results of this new load frequency controller with a conventional PI one and also with another PID controller design tested on a multimachine power system show the improvement in system damping remarkably. The region of acceptable performance of the new PID controller covers a wide range of operating and system conditions. (author)

Outdoor altitude stabilization of QuadRotor based on type-2 fuzzy and fuzzy PID

Science.gov (United States)

Wicaksono, H.; Yusuf, Y. G.; Kristanto, C.; Haryanto, L.

2017-11-01

This paper presents a design of altitude stabilization of QuadRotor based on type-2 fuzzy and fuzzy PID. This practical design is implemented outdoor. Barometric and sonar sensor were used in this experiment as an input for the controller YoHe. The throttle signal as a control input was provided by the controller to leveling QuadRotor in particular altitude and known well as altitude stabilization. The parameter of type-2 fuzzy and fuzzy PID was tuned in several heights to get the best control parameter for any height. Type-2 fuzzy produced better result than fuzzy PID but had a slow response in the beginning.

Series pid pitch controller of large wind turbines generator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Micić Aleksandar D.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available For this stable process with oscillatory dynamics, characterized with small damping ratio and dominant transport delay, design of the series PID pitch controller is based on the model obtained from the open-loop process step response, filtered with the second-order Butterworth filter Fbw. Performance of the series PID pitch controller, with the filter Fbw, is analyzed by simulations of the set-point and input/output disturbance responses, including simulations with a colored noise added to the control variable. Excellent performance/robustness tradeoff is obtained, compared to the recently proposed PI pitch controllers and to the modified internal model pitch controller, developed here, which has a natural mechanism to compensate effect of dominant transport delay. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 47016

Designing of new structure PID controller of boost converter for solar photovoltaic stability

Science.gov (United States)

Shabrina, Hanifati Nur; Setiawan, Eko Adhi; Sabirin, Chip Rinaldi

2017-03-01

Nowadays, the utilization of renewable energy as the source on distributed generation system is increasing. It aims to reduce reliance and power losses from utility grid and improve power stability in near loads. One example of renewable energy technology that have been highly proven on the market is solar photovoltaic (PV). This technology converts photon from sunlight into electricity. However, the fluctuation of solar radiation that often occurs become the main problem for this system. Due to this condition, the power conversion is needed to convert the change frequently in photovoltaic panel into a stable voltage to the system. Developing control of boost converter has important role to keep ability of system stabilization. A conventional PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) control is mostly used to achieve this goal. In this research, a design of new structure PID controller of boost converter is offered to better optimize system stability comparing to the conventional PID. Parameters obtained from this PID structure have been successfully yield a stable boost converter output at 200 V with 10% overshoot, 1.5 seconds of settling time, and 1.5% of steady-state error.

Automatic Tuning of PID Controller for a 1-D Levitation System Using a Genetic Algorithm

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yang, Zhenyu; Pedersen, Gerulf K.m.

2006-01-01

The automatic PID control design for a onedimensional magnetic levitation system is investigated. The PID controller is automatically tuned using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based on a nonlinear system model. The developed controller is digitally implemented and tested...

Bright future of photovoltaic-hybrid systems as main option for electricity generation in remote communities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zahedi, Ahmad [Solar Energy Applications Research Group (Australia)

2000-07-01

The most common power option for remotely located communities, facilities, schools, etc., is the engine generator powered by diesel fuel. Over the past 15 years, many remote communities with limited and costly site access for maintenance and fuel delivery have had their engine-based power systems modified to photovoltaic hybrid power systems. As a result, hybrid power systems with photovoltaic as the main generator are becoming the preferred power option. The reasons for this change are simple: the engine-based power systems require regular oil and filter changes (in average after 150 hrs of operation); the maintenance cost is relatively high; the cost of travel to and from the site to perform maintenance is restricted during certain time of the year and can be more expensive than the actual maintenance itself. Photovoltaic generators are gradually replacing the diesel generators and thus are becoming the primary source in remote communities. As electricity is required for 24 hours of operation and photovoltaic are not able to generate power for 24 h, batteries are added to the system as storage units, and the diesel generators are used as a back-up power supply. The objective of this paper is to present the results obtained from a study which has been carried out on a PV-hybrid power system from the desired performance point of view. [Spanish] La opcion mas comun de energia para las comunidades, instalaciones, escuelas, etc. localizadas en lugares remotos, es el generador que utiliza diesel como combustible. En los ultimos 15 anos, muchas comunidades remotas con acceso limitado y costoso para el mantenimiento y la entrega de combustible han modificado sus sistemas de energia basados en motores por sistemas de energia hibridos fotovoltaicos. Como resultado, los sistemas hibridos de energia con generadores fotovoltaicos como principal generador se estan convirtiendo en la opcion preferida de generacion de electricidad. Las razones para este cambio son simples: los

Tuning of an optimal fuzzy PID controller with stochastic algorithms for networked control systems with random time delay.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Indranil; Das, Saptarshi; Gupta, Amitava

2011-01-01

An optimal PID and an optimal fuzzy PID have been tuned by minimizing the Integral of Time multiplied Absolute Error (ITAE) and squared controller output for a networked control system (NCS). The tuning is attempted for a higher order and a time delay system using two stochastic algorithms viz. the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and two variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the closed loop performances are compared. The paper shows that random variation in network delay can be handled efficiently with fuzzy logic based PID controllers over conventional PID controllers. Copyright © 2010 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID control of second-order systems with hysteresis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jayawardhana, Bayu; Logemann, Hartmut; Ryan, Eugene P.

2008-01-01

The efficacy of proportional, integral and derivative (PID) control for set point regulation and disturbance rejection is investigated in a context of second-order systems with hysteretic components. Two basic structures are studied: in the first, the hysteretic component resides (internally) in the

PID control of second-order system with hysteresis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jayawardhana, B.; Logemann, H.; Ryan, E.P.

2007-01-01

The efficacy of proportional, derivative and integral (PID) control for set point regulation and disturbance rejection is investigated in a context of mechanical systems with hysteretic components. Two basic structures are studied: in the first, the hysteretic component resides (internally) in the

Active structural control with stable fuzzy PID techniques

CERN Document Server

Yu, Wen

2016-01-01

This book presents a detailed discussion of intelligent techniques to measure the displacement of buildings when they are subjected to vibration. It shows how these techniques are used to control active devices that can reduce vibration 60–80% more effectively than widely used passive anti-seismic systems. After introducing various structural control devices and building-modeling and active structural control methods, the authors propose offset cancellation and high-pass filtering techniques to solve some common problems of building-displacement measurement using accelerometers. The most popular control algorithms in industrial settings, PD/PID controllers, are then analyzed and then combined with fuzzy compensation. The stability of this combination is proven with standard weight-training algorithms. These conditions provide explicit methods for selecting PD/PID controllers. Finally, fuzzy-logic and sliding-mode control are applied to the control of wind-induced vibration. The methods described are support...

Perancangan Sistem Kontrol PID Untuk Pengendali Sumbu Elevasi Gun Pada Turret-Gun Kaliber 20 Milimeter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimas Kunto Ariwibowo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Pertahanan negara pada hakikatnya adalah segala upaya pertahanan yang bersifat semesta yang didasarkan pada kesadaran atas hak dan kewajiban warga negara serta keyakinan pada kekuatan sendiri dengan tujuan untuk menjaga dan melindungi kedaulatan negara, keutuhan wilayah NKRI dan keselamatan segenap bangsa. Salah satu alat pendukung pertahanan yaitu senjata laras panjang, Turret-Gun.  Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam merancang pengendali PID Turret-Gun kaliber 20mm ini diawali dengan studi literatur serta studi lapangan mengenai mekanisme dan parameter-parameter yang terdapat pada Turret-Gun pada sumbu elevasi. Setelah itu dilakukan perancangan transmisi dan sistem kontrol Turret-Gun untuk dievaluasi grafik responnya yang akan digunakan sebagai acuan untuk merancang pengendali PID yang sesuai. Selanjutnya pengendali PID yang telah dirancang lalu disimulasikan, sehingga menghasilkan grafik respon yang sesuai dengan kriteria yang dibutuhkan. Hasil yang telah didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah konstanta PID yang direkomendasikan untuk , , dan secara berturut-turut adalah sebesar 23061.024, 37820.07 dan 3515.4 yang menghasilkan transient response dengan nilai overshoot sebesar 19.9 % , steady state error sebesar 0 % serta settling time sebesar 0.935 detik. Hasil analisa kestabilan untuk sistem kontrol dengan konstanta PID tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sistem kontrol telah stabil, baik menggunakan metode Root Locus maupun metode Routh-Hurwitz.

A normalized PID controller in networked control systems with varying time delays.

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Tran, Hoang-Dung; Guan, Zhi-Hong; Dang, Xuan-Kien; Cheng, Xin-Ming; Yuan, Fu-Shun

2013-09-01

It requires not only simplicity and flexibility but also high specified stability and robustness of system to design a PI/PID controller in such complicated networked control systems (NCSs) with delays. By gain and phase margins approach, this paper proposes a novel normalized PI/PID controller for NCSs based on analyzing the stability and robustness of system under the effect of network-induced delays. Specifically, We take into account the total measured network delays to formulate the gain and phase margins of the closed-loop system in the form of a set of equations. With pre-specified values of gain and phase margins, this set of equations is then solved for calculating the closed forms of control parameters which enable us to propose the normalized PI/PID controller simultaneously satisfying the following two requirements: (1) simplicity without re-solving the optimization problem for a new process, (2) high flexibility to cope with large scale of random delays and deal with many different processes in different conditions of network. Furthermore, in our method, the upper bound of random delay can be estimated to indicate the operating domain of proposed PI/PID controller. Finally, simulation results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of our proposed controller in many situations of network-induced delays. Copyright © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of Multiregional Supervisory Fuzzy PID Control of pH Reactors

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Shebel AlSabbah

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This work concerns designing multiregional supervisory fuzzy PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative control for pH reactors. The proposed work focuses, mainly, on two themes. The first one is to propose a multiregional supervisory fuzzy-based cascade control structure. It would enable modifying dynamics and enhance system’s stability. The fuzzy system (master loop has been chosen as a tuner for PID controller (slave loop. It takes into consideration parameters uncertainties and reference tracking. The second theme concerns designing a hybrid neural network-based pH estimator. The proposed estimator would overcome the industrial drawbacks, that is, cost and size, found with conventional methods for pH measurement. The final end-user-interface (EUI front panel and the results that evaluate the performance of the supervisory fuzzy PID-based control system and hybrid NN-based estimator have been presented using the compatibility found between LabView and MatLab. They lead to conclude that the proposed algorithms are appropriate to systems nonlinearities encountered with pH reactors.

Heat control in HVDC resistive divider by PID and NN controllers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yilmaz, S.; Dincer, H.; Eksin, I.; Kalenderli, O.

2007-01-01

In this study, a control system is presented that is devised to increase measurement precisions within a prototype high voltage DC resistive divider (HVDC-RD). Since one of the major sources of measurement errors in such devices is the self heating effect, a system controlling the temperature within the high voltage DC resistive divider is devised so that suitable and stable temperature conditions are maintained that, in return, will decrease the measurement errors. The resistive divider system is cooled by oil, and PID and neural network (NN) controllers try to keep the temperature within the prescribed limits. The system to be controlled exhibits a nonlinear character, and therefore, a control approach based on NN controllers is proposed. Thus, a system that can fulfill the various requirements dictated by the designer is constructed. The performance of the NN controller is compared with that of the PID controller developed for the same purpose, and the values of the performance indices indicate the superiority of the NN controller over that of the classical PID controller

Wireless Sensor Network Congestion Control Based on Standard Particle Swarm Optimization and Single Neuron PID.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xiaoping; Chen, Xueying; Xia, Riting; Qian, Zhihong

2018-04-19

Aiming at the problem of network congestion caused by the large number of data transmissions in wireless routing nodes of wireless sensor network (WSN), this paper puts forward an algorithm based on standard particle swarm⁻neural PID congestion control (PNPID). Firstly, PID control theory was applied to the queue management of wireless sensor nodes. Then, the self-learning and self-organizing ability of neurons was used to achieve online adjustment of weights to adjust the proportion, integral and differential parameters of the PID controller. Finally, the standard particle swarm optimization to neural PID (NPID) algorithm of initial values of proportion, integral and differential parameters and neuron learning rates were used for online optimization. This paper describes experiments and simulations which show that the PNPID algorithm effectively stabilized queue length near the expected value. At the same time, network performance, such as throughput and packet loss rate, was greatly improved, which alleviated network congestion and improved network QoS.

Wireless Sensor Network Congestion Control Based on Standard Particle Swarm Optimization and Single Neuron PID

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xiaoping; Chen, Xueying; Xia, Riting; Qian, Zhihong

2018-01-01

Aiming at the problem of network congestion caused by the large number of data transmissions in wireless routing nodes of wireless sensor network (WSN), this paper puts forward an algorithm based on standard particle swarm–neural PID congestion control (PNPID). Firstly, PID control theory was applied to the queue management of wireless sensor nodes. Then, the self-learning and self-organizing ability of neurons was used to achieve online adjustment of weights to adjust the proportion, integral and differential parameters of the PID controller. Finally, the standard particle swarm optimization to neural PID (NPID) algorithm of initial values of proportion, integral and differential parameters and neuron learning rates were used for online optimization. This paper describes experiments and simulations which show that the PNPID algorithm effectively stabilized queue length near the expected value. At the same time, network performance, such as throughput and packet loss rate, was greatly improved, which alleviated network congestion and improved network QoS. PMID:29671822

Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Arus Searah Tanpa Sikat Menggunakan Metode PID-Robust

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Ahmad Fachrudin Istiananda

2017-01-01

Full Text Available BLDCM merupakan suatu jenis motor sinkron yang artinya medan magnet yang dihasilkan oleh stator dan medan magnet yang dihasilkan rotor berputar di frekuensi yang sama. Dalam BLDCM, salah satu hal yang sangat penting untuk dikontrol adalah kecepata. Permasalahan yang diteliti dan dianalisis pada Tugas Akhir Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Arus Searah Tanpa Sikat Menggunakan Metode PID-Robust adalah respon kecepatan BLDCM terhadap pembebanan yang berubah-ubah. Pengaturan kecepatan BLDCM dirancang menggunakan Kontroler Proposional, Integral dan Derivatif (PID. Kontroler PID-Robust digunakan untuk membantu BLDC pada kondisi pembebanan untuk mempertahankan setpoint. Nilai parameter Kp, Ki, dan Kd sebesar 529,9, 0,00000373, dan 0,0624 didapat dari perhitungan robust performansi H∞ dengan metode LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality. Setelah dilakukan simulasi, didapatkan bahwa respon plant dengan kontroler PID-Robust dapat mengikuti model referensi yang diinginkan dengan nilai rise time 7,7 untuk beban minimal, 3,75 untuk beban nominal, dan 5,9 untuk beban maksimal serta kuat/robust terhadap gangguan/disturbance.

Distribution épidémiologique de l'infection à VIH chez les femmes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: le Cameroun se situe dans un contexte d'épidémie généralisée du VIH. La sous-population des femmes enceintes, facilement accessible au sein de la population générale, représente une cible robante pour mener la surveillance du VIH et estimer l'évolution épidémiologique. L'objectif de notre étude était ...

Application of Genetic Algorithm for Tuning of a PID Controller for a Real Time Industrial Process

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S. M. Giri RAJKUMAR

2010-10-01

Full Text Available PID (Proportional Integral Derivative controller has become inevitable in the process control industries due to its simplicity and effectiveness, but the real challenge lies in tuning them to meet the expectations. Although a host of methods already exist there is still a need for an advanced system for tuning these controllers. Computational intelligence (CI has caught the eye of the researchers due to its simplicity, low computational cost and good performance, makes it a possible choice for tuning of PID controllers, to increase their performance. This paper discusses in detail about Genetic Algorithm (GA, a CI technique, and its implementation in PID tuning for a real time industrial process which is closed loop in nature. Compared to other conventional PID tuning methods, the result shows that better performance can be achieved with the proposed method.

A design of LED adaptive dimming lighting system based on incremental PID controller

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He, Xiangyan; Xiao, Zexin; He, Shaojia

2010-11-01

As a new generation energy-saving lighting source, LED is applied widely in various technology and industry fields. The requirement of its adaptive lighting technology is more and more rigorous, especially in the automatic on-line detecting system. In this paper, a closed loop feedback LED adaptive dimming lighting system based on incremental PID controller is designed, which consists of MEGA16 chip as a Micro-controller Unit (MCU), the ambient light sensor BH1750 chip with Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), and constant-current driving circuit. A given value of light intensity required for the on-line detecting environment need to be saved to the register of MCU. The optical intensity, detected by BH1750 chip in real time, is converted to digital signal by AD converter of the BH1750 chip, and then transmitted to MEGA16 chip through I2C serial bus. Since the variation law of light intensity in the on-line detecting environment is usually not easy to be established, incremental Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) algorithm is applied in this system. Control variable obtained by the incremental PID determines duty cycle of Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). Consequently, LED's forward current is adjusted by PWM, and the luminous intensity of the detection environment is stabilized by self-adaptation. The coefficients of incremental PID are obtained respectively after experiments. Compared with the traditional LED dimming system, it has advantages of anti-interference, simple construction, fast response, and high stability by the use of incremental PID algorithm and BH1750 chip with I2C serial bus. Therefore, it is suitable for the adaptive on-line detecting applications.

PID controller auto-tuning based on process step response and damping optimum criterion.

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Pavković, Danijel; Polak, Siniša; Zorc, Davor

2014-01-01

This paper presents a novel method of PID controller tuning suitable for higher-order aperiodic processes and aimed at step response-based auto-tuning applications. The PID controller tuning is based on the identification of so-called n-th order lag (PTn) process model and application of damping optimum criterion, thus facilitating straightforward algebraic rules for the adjustment of both the closed-loop response speed and damping. The PTn model identification is based on the process step response, wherein the PTn model parameters are evaluated in a novel manner from the process step response equivalent dead-time and lag time constant. The effectiveness of the proposed PTn model parameter estimation procedure and the related damping optimum-based PID controller auto-tuning have been verified by means of extensive computer simulations. © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID self tuning control based on Mamdani fuzzy logic control for quadrotor stabilization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Priyambodo, Tri Kuntoro, E-mail: mastri@ugm.ac.id; Putra, Agfianto Eko [Aerospace and Aeronautics Electronics Research Group, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (Indonesia); Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (Indonesia); Dharmawan, Andi, E-mail: andi-dharmawan@ugm.ac.id [Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta (Indonesia)

2016-02-01

Quadrotor as one type of UAV have the ability to perform Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL). It allows the Quadrotor to be stationary hovering in the air. PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) control system is one of the control methods that are commonly used. It is usually used to optimize the Quadrotor stabilization at least based on the three Eulerian angles (roll, pitch, and yaw) as input parameters for the control system. The three constants of PID can be obtained in various methods. The simplest method is tuning manually. This method has several weaknesses. For example if the three constants are not exact, the resulting response will deviate from the desired result. By combining the methods of PID with fuzzy logic systems where human expertise is implemented into the machine language is expected to further optimize the control system.

Design and implementation of EP-based PID controller for chaos synchronization of Rikitake circuit systems.

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Hou, Yi-You

2017-09-01

This article addresses an evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm technique-based and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control methods are established to guarantee synchronization of the master and slave Rikitake chaotic systems. For PID synchronous control, the evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm is used to find the optimal PID controller parameters k p , k i , k d by integrated absolute error (IAE) method for the convergence conditions. In order to verify the system performance, the basic electronic components containing operational amplifiers (OPAs), resistors, and capacitors are used to implement the proposed chaotic Rikitake systems. Finally, the experimental results validate the proposed Rikitake chaotic synchronization approach. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in Clinical Versus Nonclinical Individuals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bach, Bo; Sellbom, Martin; Simonsen, Erik

2017-01-01

The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PID-5) was developed for the assessment of pathological traits in clinical settings. However, most research on the PID-5 is derived from nonclinical samples. To date, the comparability...... with nonpsychotic disorders (81% women; mean age = 28.95), whereas a matched nonclinical sample ( n = 598) comprised community-dwelling individuals (81% women; mean age = 29.59). Measurement invariance was analyzed using a 13-step, two-group exploratory structural equation modeling approach. The results...

Particle swarm optimization based PID controller tuning for level control of two tank system

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Vincent, Anju K.; Nersisson, Ruban

2017-11-01

Automatic control plays a vital role in industrial operation. In process industries, in order to have an improved and stable control system, we need a robust tuning method. In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based algorithm is proposed for the optimization of a PID controller for level control process. A two tank system is considered. Initially a PID controller is designed using an Internal Model Control (IMC). The results are compared with the PSO based controller setting. The performance of the controller is compared and analyzed by time domain specification. In order to validate the robustness of PID controller, disturbance is imposed. The system is simulated using MATLAB. The results show that the proposed method provides better controller performance.

An adaptive PID like controller using mix locally recurrent neural network for robotic manipulator with variable payload.

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Sharma, Richa; Kumar, Vikas; Gaur, Prerna; Mittal, A P

2016-05-01

Being complex, non-linear and coupled system, the robotic manipulator cannot be effectively controlled using classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. To enhance the effectiveness of the conventional PID controller for the nonlinear and uncertain systems, gains of the PID controller should be conservatively tuned and should adapt to the process parameter variations. In this work, a mix locally recurrent neural network (MLRNN) architecture is investigated to mimic a conventional PID controller which consists of at most three hidden nodes which act as proportional, integral and derivative node. The gains of the mix locally recurrent neural network based PID (MLRNNPID) controller scheme are initialized with a newly developed cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) based optimization method rather than assuming randomly. A sequential learning based least square algorithm is then investigated for the on-line adaptation of the gains of MLRNNPID controller. The performance of the proposed controller scheme is tested against the plant parameters uncertainties and external disturbances for both links of the two link robotic manipulator with variable payload (TL-RMWVP). The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using Lyapunov stability criteria. A performance comparison is carried out among MLRNNPID controller, CSA optimized NNPID (OPTNNPID) controller and CSA optimized conventional PID (OPTPID) controller in order to establish the effectiveness of the MLRNNPID controller. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diseño e Implementación de Sistemas de Control de Nivel para Cinco Tanques de Bombeo de Hidrocarburos con Sensoramiento tipo Radar en la Estación Shushufindi - EP PETROECUADOR

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Hernán Montenegro

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo fue desarrollado para su implementación en fases según el Ciclo de Deming, desarrollando un sistema de control de nivel on-off con histéresis en los tanques de almacenamiento de hidrocarburos en la Estación Cabecera Shushufindi del Poliducto Shushufindi-Quito de EP Petroecuador, teniendo como base de pruebas la Estación Osayacu del mismo poliducto. Ademas se diseño un sistema totalmente automatizado mediante un control PID como una posible solución al proceso paulatino de modernización de la planta, junto con una propuesta de interfaz humano-maquina (HMI siguiendo normas ergonómicas de diseño internacional.

Experimental studies on active vibration control of a smart composite beam using a PID controller

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jovanović, Miroslav M; Lukić, Nebojša S; Ilić, Slobodan S; Simonović, Aleksandar M; Zorić, Nemanja D; Stupar, Slobodan N

2013-01-01

This paper presents experimental verification of the active vibration control of a smart cantilever composite beam using a PID controller. In order to prevent negative occurrences in the derivative and integral terms in a PID controller, first-order low-pass filters are implemented in the derivative action and in the feedback of the integral action. The proposed application setup consists of a composite cantilever beam with a fiber-reinforced piezoelectric actuator and strain gage sensors. The beam is modeled using a finite element method based on third-order shear deformation theory. The experiment considers vibration control under periodic excitation and an initial static deflection. A control algorithm was implemented on a PIC32MX440F256H microcontroller. Experimental results corresponding to the proposed PID controller are compared with corresponding results using proportional (P) control, proportional–integral (PI) control and proportional–derivative (PD) control. Experimental results indicate that the proposed PID controller provides 8.93% more damping compared to a PD controller, 14.41% more damping compared to a PI controller and 19.04% more damping compared to a P controller in the case of vibration under periodic excitation. In the case of free vibration control, the proposed PID controller shows better performance (settling time 1.2 s) compared to the PD controller (settling time 1.5 s) and PI controller (settling time 2.5 s). (paper)

PID Controller Design of Nonlinear System using a New Modified Particle Swarm Optimization with Time-Varying Constriction Coefficient

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Alrijadjis .

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The proportional integral derivative (PID controllers have been widely used in most process control systems for a long time. However, it is a very important problem how to choose PID parameters, because these parameters give a great influence on the control performance. Especially, it is difficult to tune these parameters for nonlinear systems. In this paper, a new modified particle swarm optimization (PSO is presented to search for optimal PID parameters for such system. The proposed algorithm is to modify constriction coefficient which is nonlinearly decreased time-varying for improving the final accuracy and the convergence speed of PSO. To validate the control performance of the proposed method, a typical nonlinear system control, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR process, is illustrated. The results testify that a new modified PSO algorithm can perform well in the nonlinear PID control system design in term of lesser overshoot, rise-time, settling-time, IAE and ISE. Keywords: PID controller, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO,constriction factor, nonlinear system.

Design of an Adaptive PID Neural Controller for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor based on Particle Swarm Optimization

OpenAIRE

Khulood A. Dagher; Ahmed S. Al-Araji

2013-01-01

A particle swarm optimization algorithm and neural network like self-tuning PID controller for CSTR system is presented. The scheme of the discrete-time PID control structure is based on neural network and tuned the parameters of the PID controller by using a particle swarm optimization PSO technique as a simple and fast training algorithm. The proposed method has advantage that it is not necessary to use a combined structure of identification and decision because it used PSO. Simulation resu...

New results on the robust stability of PID controllers with gain and phase margins for UFOPTD processes.

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Jin, Q B; Liu, Q; Huang, B

2016-03-01

This paper considers the problem of determining all the robust PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers in terms of the gain and phase margins (GPM) for open-loop unstable first order plus time delay (UFOPTD) processes. It is the first time that the feasible ranges of the GPM specifications provided by a PID controller are given for UFOPTD processes. A gain and phase margin tester is used to modify the original model, and the ranges of the margin specifications are derived such that the modified model can be stabilized by a stabilizing PID controller based on Hermite-Biehlers Theorem. Furthermore, we obtain all the controllers satisfying a given margin specification. Simulation studies show how to use the results to design a robust PID controller. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Numerical simulation and analysis of fuzzy PID and PSD control methodologies as dynamic energy efficiency measures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ardehali, M.M.; Saboori, M.; Teshnelab, M.

2004-01-01

Energy efficiency enhancement is achieved by utilizing control algorithms that reduce overshoots and undershoots as well as unnecessary fluctuations in the amount of energy input to energy consuming systems during transient operation periods. It is hypothesized that application of control methodologies with characteristics that change with time and according to the system dynamics, identified as dynamic energy efficiency measures (DEEM), achieves the desired enhancement. The objective of this study is to simulate and analyze the effects of fuzzy logic based tuning of proportional integral derivative (F-PID) and proportional sum derivative (F-PSD) controllers for a heating and cooling energy system while accounting for the dynamics of the major system components. The procedure to achieve the objective includes utilization of fuzzy logic rules to determine the PID and PSD controllers gain coefficients so that the control laws for regulating the heat exchangers heating or cooling energy inputs are determined in each time step of the operation period. The performances of the F-PID and F-PSD controllers are measured by means of two cost functions that are based on quadratic forms of the energy input and deviation from a set point temperature. It is found that application of the F-PID control algorithm, as a DEEM, results in lower costs for energy input and deviation from a set point temperature by 24% and 17% as compared to a PID and 13% and 8% as compared to a PSD, respectively. It is also shown that the F-PSD performance is better than that of the F-PID controller

Coordinate control of integral reactor based on single neuron PID controller

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yan; Xia Hong

2014-01-01

As one of the main type of reactors in the future, the development of the integral reactor has attracted worldwide attention. On the basis of understanding the background of the integral reactor, the author will be familiar with and master the power control of reactor and the feedwater flow control of steam generator, and the speed control of turbine (turbine speed control is associated with the turbine load control). According to the expectative program 'reactor power following turbine load' of the reactor, it will make coordinate control of the three and come to a overall control scheme. The author will use the supervisory learning algorithm of Hebb for single neuron PID controller with self-adaptation to study the coordinate control of integral reactor. Compared with conventional PI or PID controller, to a certain extent, it solves the problems that traditional PID controller is not easy to tune real-time parameters and lack of effective control for a number of complex processes and slow-varying parameter systems. It improves the security, reliability, stability and flexibility of control process and achieves effective control of the system. (authors)

The speed control of DC motor under the load condition using PI and PID controllers

Science.gov (United States)

Corapsiz, Muhammed Reşit; Kahveci, Hakan

2017-04-01

In this study, it was aimed to compare PI (Proportional-Integral) and PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers for speed control of Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) motor under both load and without load. For this purpose, firstly, the mathematical model was obtained from the dynamic equations of the PMDC motor and the obtained mathematical model was transferred to the simulation environment and modeled using Matlab/SIMULINK. Following the modeling process, PI and PID controller structures were formed, respectively. Secondly, after these structures were formed, the PMDC motor was run without any controller. Then, the control of the PMDC motor with no load was provided by using PI and PID controllers. Finally, the PMDC motor were loaded under the constant load (TL = 3 N.m.) for each condition and selected time period (t = 3 s). The obtained result for each control operations was comparatively given by observing effects of loading process on systems. When the obtained results were evaluated for each condition, it was observed that PID controller have the best performance with respect to PI controller.

Practical Implementation for the interval type-2 fuzzy PID controller using a low cost microcontroller

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Ahmad M. El-Nagar

2014-06-01

Full Text Available In this study, we propose an embedded real-time interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – integral – derivative (IT2F-PID controller which is a parallel combination of the interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – integral (IT2F-PI controller and the interval type-2 fuzzy proportional – derivative (IT2F-PD controller. The proposed IT2F-PID controller is able to handle the effect of the system uncertainties due to the structure of the interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller. The proposed IT2F-PID controller is implemented practically using a low cost PIC microcontroller for controlling the uncertain nonlinear inverted pendulum to minimize the effect of the system uncertainties due to the uncertainty in the mass of the pendulum, the measurement error in the rotation angle of the pendulum and the structural uncertainty. The test is carried out using the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL simulation. The experimental results show that the performance of the IT2F-PID controller improves significantly the performance over a wide range of system uncertainties.

Design and implementation of a new fuzzy PID controller for networked control systems.

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Fadaei, A; Salahshoor, K

2008-10-01

This paper presents a practical network platform to design and implement a networked-based cascade control system linking a Smar Foundation Fieldbus (FF) controller (DFI-302) and a Siemens programmable logic controller (PLC-S7-315-2DP) through Industrial Ethernet to a laboratory pilot plant. In the presented network configuration, the Smar OPC tag browser and Siemens WinCC OPC Channel provide the communicating interface between the two controllers. The paper investigates the performance of a PID controller implemented in two different possible configurations of FF function block (FB) and networked control system (NCS) via a remote Siemens PLC. In the FB control system implementation, the desired set-point is provided by the Siemens Human-Machine Interface (HMI) software (i.e, WinCC) via an Ethernet Modbus link. While, in the NCS implementation, the cascade loop is realized in remote Siemens PLC station and the final element set-point is sent to the Smar FF station via Ethernet bus. A new fuzzy PID control strategy is then proposed to improve the control performances of the networked-based control systems due to an induced transmission delay degradation effect. The proposed strategy utilizes an innovative idea based on sectionalizing the error signal of the step response into three different functional zones. The supporting philosophy behind these three functional zones is to decompose the desired control objectives in terms of rising time, settling time and steady-state error measures maintained by an appropriate PID-type controller in each zone. Then, fuzzy membership factors are defined to configure the control signal on the basis of the fuzzy weighted PID outputs of all three zones. The obtained results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy PID control scheme in improving the performances of the implemented NCS for different transportation delays.

PID controller tuning using metaheuristic optimization algorithms for benchmark problems

Science.gov (United States)

Gholap, Vishal; Naik Dessai, Chaitali; Bagyaveereswaran, V.

2017-11-01

This paper contributes to find the optimal PID controller parameters using particle swarm optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. The algorithms were developed through simulation of chemical process and electrical system and the PID controller is tuned. Here, two different fitness functions such as Integral Time Absolute Error and Time domain Specifications were chosen and applied on PSO, GA and SA while tuning the controller. The proposed Algorithms are implemented on two benchmark problems of coupled tank system and DC motor. Finally, comparative study has been done with different algorithms based on best cost, number of iterations and different objective functions. The closed loop process response for each set of tuned parameters is plotted for each system with each fitness function.

Fuzzy Logic and PID control of a 3 DOF Robotic Arm

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Korhan Kayışlı

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The robotic arms are used in many industrial applications at the present time. At this point, high precision control is required for robotics used in fields such as healthcare area. Therefore, the control method applied to robots is also important. In this study, a force was applied to the end function of a three degree-of-freedom robot and the robustness of the controllers are tested. PID and Fuzzy Logic control method are used for this process. The control process of robotic arm which is designed and simulated is obtained by using Fuzzy Logic and classical PID controllers and the results are presented comparatively

Perancangan dan Implementasi Kontroler PID dengan Nonlinear Decoupling pada Sistem Kendali UAV Quadcopter

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Muhammad Jadid Anggarjito

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Quadcopter merupakan salah salah satu jenis rotorcraft yang memiliki 4 buah rotor yang harus dikendalikan masing-masing rotornya untuk dapat menggerakkan quadcopter. Gerak lateral merupakan gerak quadcopter secara horizontal pada ketinggian atau gerak translasi, gerakan ini sangat vital untuk memenuhi kebutuhan quadcopter dalam mencapai way-to-way point yang telah ditentukan. Pada tugas akhir ini untuk mengatur gerakan lateral dari quadcopter digunakan sistem kendali PID dengan Decoupling Nonlinear. Ada 2 buah kontroler individual yang digunakan yaitu kontroler PID dengan Nonlinear Decoupling untuk mengatur pitch dan roll gerak rotasi, serta kontroler PD untuk mengatur translasi sumbu X dan sumbu Y. Perancangan sistem kontrol PID Decoupling Nonlinear pada simulasi yang digunakan untuk mempertahankan gerak lateral quadcopter dalam mencapai way-to-way point yang ditentukan. Nilai parameter yang didapatkan dari hasil tuning terstruktur pada simulasi adalah pada kontroler PID dengan Nonlinear Decoupling pitch dan roll Kp=5 Ki=0,01 Kd=10 sedangkan pada kontroler PD sumbu X dan sumbu Y Kp=0,05 Kd=0,2. Respon hasil implementasi pada quadcopter belum sesuai pada hasil simulasi. Pada hasil simulasi masih terdapat koreksi pada translasi sumbu X dan sumbu Y masih terdapat kesalahan sebesar ± 0,02 cm, sedangkan pada implementasi gerak lateral menggunakan remote control sistem dapat bergerak stabil menuju way-to-way point yang ditentukan.

Dynamic modelling and PID loop control of an oil-injected screw compressor package

Science.gov (United States)

Poli, G. W.; Milligan, W. J.; McKenna, P.

2017-08-01

A significant amount of time is spent tuning the PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) control loops of a screw compressor package due to the unique characteristics of the system. Common mistakes incurred during the tuning of a PID control loop include improper PID algorithm selection and unsuitable tuning parameters of the system resulting in erratic and inefficient operation. This paper details the design and development of software that aims to dynamically model the operation of a single stage oil injected screw compressor package deployed in upstream oil and gas applications. The developed software will be used to assess and accurately tune PID control loops present on the screw compressor package employed in controlling the oil pressures, temperatures and gas pressures, in a bid to improve control of the operation of the screw compressor package. Other applications of the modelling software will include its use as an evaluation tool that can estimate compressor package performance during start up, shutdown and emergency shutdown processes. The paper first details the study into the fundamental operational characteristics of each of the components present on the API 619 screw compressor package and then discusses the creation of a dynamic screw compressor model within the MATLAB/Simulink software suite. The paper concludes by verifying and assessing the accuracy of the created compressor model using data collected from physical screw compressor packages.

Regulation of flow through a T-Shaped open cavity by temperature dependent P, PI, and PID controllers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saha, Sourav; Mojumder, Satyajit; Saha, Sumon

2016-01-01

P (proportional), PI (proportional-integral), and PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers are popular means of controlling industrial processes. Due to superior response, accuracy, and stable performance, PID controllers are mostly used in control systems. This paper presents a mathematical model and subsequent response analysis regarding regulation of flow in mixed convection through a T-shaped open cavity by temperature dependent controllers. The T-shaped cavity has cold top and hot bottom walls, while air is flowing through the inlet at surrounding temperature. The inflow is regulated by a controlled gate which operates according to the signal received from the controller. Values of proportional gain (k p ), integral gain (k i ), and derivative gain (k d ) are varied to obtain the desired system response and to ensure a stable system with fastest response. At first, only P controller is used and eventually PI and finally PID control scheme is applied for controller tuning. Tuning of different controllers (P, PI, and PID) are carried out systematically based on the reference temperature which is continuously monitored at a certain location inside the cavity. It is found that PID controller performs better than P or PI controller.

Regulation of flow through a T-Shaped open cavity by temperature dependent P, PI, and PID controllers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saha, Sourav, E-mail: ssaha09@me.buet.ac.bd; Mojumder, Satyajit, E-mail: satyajit@me.buet.ac.bd; Saha, Sumon, E-mail: sumonsaha@me.buet.ac.bd [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000 (Bangladesh)

2016-07-12

P (proportional), PI (proportional-integral), and PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers are popular means of controlling industrial processes. Due to superior response, accuracy, and stable performance, PID controllers are mostly used in control systems. This paper presents a mathematical model and subsequent response analysis regarding regulation of flow in mixed convection through a T-shaped open cavity by temperature dependent controllers. The T-shaped cavity has cold top and hot bottom walls, while air is flowing through the inlet at surrounding temperature. The inflow is regulated by a controlled gate which operates according to the signal received from the controller. Values of proportional gain (k{sub p}), integral gain (k{sub i}), and derivative gain (k{sub d}) are varied to obtain the desired system response and to ensure a stable system with fastest response. At first, only P controller is used and eventually PI and finally PID control scheme is applied for controller tuning. Tuning of different controllers (P, PI, and PID) are carried out systematically based on the reference temperature which is continuously monitored at a certain location inside the cavity. It is found that PID controller performs better than P or PI controller.

Preliminary Application of DSM - 5 Personality Questionnaire (PID - 5)in Chinese University Students%DSM-5人格问卷(PID-5)在中国大学生样本中的初步应用

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

眭爱萍; 陈图农; 韩瑜

2017-01-01

目的 :PID-5(Personality Inventory for DSM-5)是基于精神障碍与诊断手册第五版(DSM-5)第三部分所提出的以病理性人格特质诊断人格障碍的自评量表.本研究以南京高校的大学生群体为样本,对PID-5进行初步应用以及有效性检验,为人格障碍的评估引进新的视角以及方法 .方法:按照方便取样的原则进行测量,并用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析.结果 :① 对PID-5的220项题目进行项目分析结果表明,除了其第131项 、177项等项目之外,其余项目与对应特质总体的相关均达到显著水平;② 对其进行重测信度检验的结果显示,其信度系数r值均在0.686以上(P<0.000);③ 对其进行内部一致性信度分析结果表明,大部分分量表的克隆巴赫 α 系数均在0.70以上;④ 相容效度分析结果显示,PID-5中的特质及维度与SCID-II中不同类型的人格障碍分别呈不同程度的显著相关;⑤ 探索性因素分析结果表明,其符合DSM-5提出的多维度特质模型.结论 :PID-5在大学生群体样本中有较好的信度和效度,并且能够对基于DSM-4所筛查出的人格障碍个体有较好的预测性,支持DSM-5所提出的多维度特质模型.%Objective :PID - 5 (Personality Inventory for DSM - 5)is a self - rating scale to diagnose personality disorders ,which is based on the Part III of the fifth edition of diagnostic manual of mental disorders (DSM - 5) , which proposes pathological personality traits .This paper mainly sampled university students in Nanjing and made preliminary application and validation of PID - 5 .To introduce a new perspective and method for personality disor-ders'diagnosis .Methods :According to the principle of convenience sampling ,and used SPSS 17 .0 for statistical analy-sis .Results :① The project analysis of 220 subjects of PID - 5 showed that except for items ,such as 131 ,177 etc .,oth-er items related to the total score reached a significant level .② Test - retest

MPC-based auto-tuned PID controller for the steam generator water level

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Na, Man Gyun

2001-01-01

In this work, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control gains are automatically tuned by using a model predictive control (MPC) method. The MPC has received much attention as a powerful tool for the control of industrial process systems. An MPC-based PID controller can be derived from the second order linear model of a process. The steam generator is usually described by the well-known 4 th order linear model which consists of the mass capacity, reverse dynamics and mechanical oscillations terms. But the important terms in this linear model are the mass capacity and reverse dynamics terms, both of which can be described by a 2 nd order linear system. The proposed auto-tuned PID controller was applied to a linear model of steam generators. The parameters of a linear model for steam generators are very different according to the power levels. The proposed controller showed good performance for the water level deviation and sudden steam flow disturbances that are typical in the existing power plants by changing only the input-weighting factor according to the power level

System studies in PA: Development of process influence diagram (PID) for SFR-1 repository near-field + far-field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stenhouse, M.J.; Miller, W.M.; Chapman, N.A.

2001-05-01

Scenario development is a key component of the performance assessment (PA) process for radioactive waste disposal, the primary objective being to ensure that all relevant factors associated with the future evolution of the repository system are properly considered in PA. As part of scenario development, a list of features, events and processes (FEPs) are identified and assembled, representing the Process System, with interactions/influences between FEPs incorporated in a Process Influence Diagram (PID). This report documents the technical work conducted between 1997 and the end of 1999 under the Systems Studies Project. The overall objective of this project has been the construction of a PID for the SFR-1 repository (final repository for reactor waste), this PID being the first stage in the identification of scenarios to describe future evolution of this repository. The PIDs discussed in this report have been created using two software applications: existing commercial software (Business Modeller, Infotool AB. Stockholm, Sweden) and, more recently, a newly developed software tool SPARTA (Enviros QuantiSci, Henley, U.K.). Although the focus of this report is on the application of SPARTA to PID development, it is important to document the work carried out prior to SPARTA being available, in order to provide a complete record of the entire SFR-1 PID development effort as well as preserving the context of the multi-year project. Following a description of the different disposal sections of the SFR-1 and the various near-field barriers, the sequential development (i.e. near-field of Silo, BMA, BLA, BTF sections; far-field; integrated near-field + far-field) of the PID for SFR-1 repository system using Business Modeller is described. Owing to the complexity of the repository, in terms of number of both different disposal sections (Silo, BLA, BMA, BTF) and barriers associated with each section, the two-dimensional (2D) PID created for SFR-1 using Business Modeller is

Control of suspended low-gravity simulation system based on self-adaptive fuzzy PID

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Zhigang; Qu, Jiangang

2017-09-01

In this paper, an active suspended low-gravity simulation system is proposed to follow the vertical motion of the spacecraft. Firstly, working principle and mathematical model of the low-gravity simulation system are shown. In order to establish the balance process and suppress the strong position interference of the system, the idea of self-adaptive fuzzy PID control strategy is proposed. It combines the PID controller with a fuzzy controll strategy, the control system can be automatically adjusted by changing the proportional parameter, integral parameter and differential parameter of the controller in real-time. At last, we use the Simulink tools to verify the performance of the controller. The results show that the system can reach balanced state quickly without overshoot and oscillation by the method of the self-adaptive fuzzy PID, and follow the speed of 3m/s, while simulation degree of accuracy of system can reach to 95.9% or more.

Regular self-oscillating and chaotic behaviour of a PID controlled gimbal suspension gyro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perez Polo, Manuel F.; Perez Molina, Manuel

2004-01-01

The dynamics of a gyro in gimbal with a PID controller to obtain steady state, self-oscillating and chaotic motion is considered in this paper. The mathematical model of the whole system is deduced from the gyroscope nutation theory and from a feedback control system formed by a PID controller with constrained integral action. The paper shows that the gyro and the associated PID feedback control system have multiple equilibrium points, and from the analysis of a Poincare-Andronov-Hopf bifurcation at the equilibrium points, it is possible to deduce the conditions, which give regular and self-oscillating behaviour. The calculation of the first Lyapunov value is used to predict the motion of the gyro in order to obtain a desired equilibrium point or self-oscillating behaviour. The mechanism of the stability loss of the gyro under small vibrations of the gyro platform and the appearance of chaotic motion is also presented. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical results

Randomized Crossover Comparison of Personalized MPC and PID Control Algorithms for the Artificial Pancreas.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinsker, Jordan E; Lee, Joon Bok; Dassau, Eyal; Seborg, Dale E; Bradley, Paige K; Gondhalekar, Ravi; Bevier, Wendy C; Huyett, Lauren; Zisser, Howard C; Doyle, Francis J

2016-07-01

To evaluate two widely used control algorithms for an artificial pancreas (AP) under nonideal but comparable clinical conditions. After a pilot safety and feasibility study (n = 10), closed-loop control (CLC) was evaluated in a randomized, crossover trial of 20 additional adults with type 1 diabetes. Personalized model predictive control (MPC) and proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithms were compared in supervised 27.5-h CLC sessions. Challenges included overnight control after a 65-g dinner, response to a 50-g breakfast, and response to an unannounced 65-g lunch. Boluses of announced dinner and breakfast meals were given at mealtime. The primary outcome was time in glucose range 70-180 mg/dL. Mean time in range 70-180 mg/dL was greater for MPC than for PID (74.4 vs. 63.7%, P = 0.020). Mean glucose was also lower for MPC than PID during the entire trial duration (138 vs. 160 mg/dL, P = 0.012) and 5 h after the unannounced 65-g meal (181 vs. 220 mg/dL, P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in time with glucose PID control for the AP indicates that MPC performed particularly well, achieving nearly 75% time in the target range, including the unannounced meal. Although both forms of CLC provided safe and effective glucose management, MPC performed as well or better than PID in all metrics. © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.

Implementation of PID Controller in MATLAB for Real Time DC Motor Speed Control System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manjunatha Reddy H. K.

2011-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper the implementation of PIDC (proportional + integral + derivative controller in MATLAB environment for real time DC motor speed control is presented. The MATLAB environment is chosen because of availability of tool boxes which allows the effective way of implementation and analysis of the control system. The performance of PID controller for different inputs is studied. To establish a communication between PC and process parameter, an indigenous Analog to digital and digital to analog (AD-DA board is designed. This board consists of 12-bit A/D converter and 12-bit D/A converter to facilitate the data acquisition and control. In the present study Advantech make PCI-1751 DIOT card is used to interface AD-DA board to PC externally. The data between the AD-DA board and the PC is communicated through the script file written in MATLAB environment. By applying different standard test commands such as step, square, staircase and triangular, the performance of PID controller is studied. The PID controller provides better system response in terms of transient as well as steady-state performances. The controller parameters are manually tuned (kp=0.232, ki=0.078 and kd=0.035 and the results of the best tuned PID controller are presented.

Using PIDs to Support the Full Research Data Publishing Lifecycle

Science.gov (United States)

Waard, A. D.

2016-12-01

Persistent identifiers can help support scientific research, track scientific impact and let researchers achieve recognition for their work. We discuss a number of ways in which Elsevier utilizes PIDs to support the scholarly lifecycle: To improve the process of storing and sharing data, Mendeley Data (http://data.mendeley.com) makes use of persistent identifiers to support the dynamic nature of data and software, by tracking and recording the provenance and versioning of datasets. This system now allows the comparison of different versions of a dataset, to see precisely what was changed during a versioning update. To present research data in context for the reader, we include PIDs in research articles as hyperlinks: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/content-innovation/data-base-linking. In some cases, PIDs fetch data files from the repositories provide that allow the embedding of visualizations, e.g. with PANGAEA and PubChem: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/content-innovation/protein-viewer; https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/content-innovation/pubchem. To normalize referenced data elements, the Resource Identification Initiative - which we developed together with members of the Force11 RRID group - introduces a unified standard for resource identifiers (RRIDs) that can easily be interpreted by both humans and text mining tools. https://www.force11.org/group/resource-identification-initiative/update-resource-identification-initiative, as can be seen in our Antibody Data app: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/content-innovation/antibody-data To enable better citation practices and support robust metrics system for sharing research data, we have helped develop, and are early adopters of the Force11 Data Citation Principles and Implementation groups (https://www.force11.org/group/dcip) Lastly, through our work with the Research Data Alliance Publishing Data Services group, we helped create a set of guidelines (http

Multivariable PID controller design tuning using bat algorithm for activated sludge process

Science.gov (United States)

Atikah Nor’Azlan, Nur; Asmiza Selamat, Nur; Mat Yahya, Nafrizuan

2018-04-01

The designing of a multivariable PID control for multi input multi output is being concerned with this project by applying four multivariable PID control tuning which is Davison, Penttinen-Koivo, Maciejowski and Proposed Combined method. The determination of this study is to investigate the performance of selected optimization technique to tune the parameter of MPID controller. The selected optimization technique is Bat Algorithm (BA). All the MPID-BA tuning result will be compared and analyzed. Later, the best MPID-BA will be chosen in order to determine which techniques are better based on the system performances in terms of transient response.

Autotuning of PID controller by means of human machine interface device

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michał Awtoniuk

2017-06-01

Full Text Available More and more control systems are based on industry microprocessors like PLC controllers (Programmable Logic Controller. The most commonly used control algorithm is PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithm. Autotuning procedure is not available in every PLC. These controllers are typically used in cooperation with HMI (Human Machine Interface devices. In the study two procedures of autotuning of the PID controller were implemented in the HMI device: step method and relay method. Six tuning rules for step methods and one for relay method were chosen. The autotuning procedures on simulated controlled object and PLC controller without build-in autotuning were tested. The object of control was first order system plus time delay.

Systematic design approach of fuzzy PID stabilizer for DC-DC converters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guesmi, K.; Essounbouli, N.; Hamzaoui, A.

2008-01-01

DC-DC converters process electrical energy by switching between a fixed number of configurations. The objective of controlling these systems is to provide better performances, ensure closed loop stability and guarantee a simple predictable behaviour. Based on a converter averaged model, we propose, in this paper, a systematic design approach of a fuzzy PID. The choice of controller parameters stands on the whole system stability requirements. Extension of the obtained asymptotic stability to structural stability is presented to show that the developed controller ensures also a simple and predictable behaviour of the converter. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of the proposed fuzzy PID design approach through simulations in voltage mode as well as in current mode control

Systematic design approach of fuzzy PID stabilizer for DC-DC converters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guesmi, K.; Essounbouli, N.; Hamzaoui, A. [CReSTIC, IUT de Troyes 09, rue de Quebec BP. 396, 10026 Troyes (France)

2008-10-15

DC-DC converters process electrical energy by switching between a fixed number of configurations. The objective of controlling these systems is to provide better performances, ensure closed loop stability and guarantee a simple predictable behaviour. Based on a converter averaged model, we propose, in this paper, a systematic design approach of a fuzzy PID. The choice of controller parameters stands on the whole system stability requirements. Extension of the obtained asymptotic stability to structural stability is presented to show that the developed controller ensures also a simple and predictable behaviour of the converter. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of the proposed fuzzy PID design approach through simulations in voltage mode as well as in current mode control. (author)

Simulated Annealing-based Optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller Design: A Case Study on Nonlinear Quadcopter Dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Nemirsky, Kristofer Kevin

In this thesis, the history and evolution of rotor aircraft with simulated annealing-based PID application were reviewed and quadcopter dynamics are presented. The dynamics of a quadcopter were then modeled, analyzed, and linearized. A cascaded loop architecture with PID controllers was used to stabilize the plant dynamics, which was improved upon through the application of simulated annealing (SA). A Simulink model was developed to test the controllers and verify the functionality of the proposed control system design. In addition, the data that the Simulink model provided were compared with flight data to present the validity of derived dynamics as a proper mathematical model representing the true dynamics of the quadcopter system. Then, the SA-based global optimization procedure was applied to obtain optimized PID parameters. It was observed that the tuned gains through the SA algorithm produced a better performing PID controller than the original manually tuned one. Next, we investigated the uncertain dynamics of the quadcopter setup. After adding uncertainty to the gyroscopic effects associated with pitch-and-roll rate dynamics, the controllers were shown to be robust against the added uncertainty. A discussion follows to summarize SA-based algorithm PID controller design and performance outcomes. Lastly, future work on SA application on multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems is briefly discussed.

Development of a novel direct X-ray detector using photoinduced discharge (PID) readout for digital radiography

Science.gov (United States)

Heo, D.; Jeon, S.; Kim, J.-S.; Kim, R. K.; Cha, B. K.; Moon, B. J.; Yoon, J.

2013-02-01

We developed a novel direct X-ray detector using photoinduced discharge (PID) readout for digital radiography. The pixel resolution is 512 × 512 with 200 μm pixel and the overall active dimensions of the X-ray imaging panel is 10.24 cm × 10.24 cm. The detector consists of an X-ray absorption layer of amorphous selenium, a charge accumulation layer of metal, and a PID readout layer of amorphous silicon. In particular, the charge accumulation is pixelated because image charges generated by X-ray should be stored pixel by pixel. Here the image charges, or holes, are recombined with electrons generated by the PID method. We used a 405 nm laser diode and cylindrical lens to make a line beam source with a width of 50 μm for PID readout, which generates charges for each pixel lines during the scan. We obtained spatial frequencies of about 1.0 lp/mm for the X-direction (lateral direction) and 0.9 lp/mm for the Y-direction (scanning direction) at 50% modulation transfer function.

Adaptive Functional-Based Neuro-Fuzzy-PID Incremental Controller Structure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashraf Ahmed Fahmy

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an adaptive functional-based Neuro-fuzzy-PID incremental (NFPID controller structure that can be tuned either offline or online according to required controller performance. First, differential membership functions are used to represent the fuzzy membership functions of the input-output space of the three term controller. Second, controller rules are generated based on the discrete proportional, derivative, and integral function for the fuzzy space. Finally, a fully differentiable fuzzy neural network is constructed to represent the developed controller for either offline or online controller parameter adaptation.  Two different adaptation methods are used for controller tuning, offline method based on controller transient performance cost function optimization using Bees Algorithm, and online method based on tracking error minimization using back-propagation with momentum algorithm. The proposed control system was tested to show the validity of the controller structure over a fixed PID controller gains to control SCARA type robot arm.

Multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for U-tube steam generator in nuclear power plant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Puchalski Bartosz

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In the paper, analysis of multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for steam generator of pressurized water reactor (PWR working in wide range of thermal power changes is presented. The U-tube steam generator has a nonlinear dynamics depending on thermal power transferred from coolant of the primary loop of the PWR plant. Control of water level in the steam generator conducted by a traditional PID controller which is designed for nominal power level of the nuclear reactor operates insufficiently well in wide range of operational conditions, especially at the low thermal power level. Thus the steam generator is often controlled manually by operators. Incorrect water level in the steam generator may lead to accidental shutdown of the nuclear reactor and consequently financial losses. In the paper a comparison of proposed multi region fuzzy logic controller and traditional PID controllers designed only for nominal condition is presented. The gains of the local PID controllers have been derived by solving appropriate optimization tasks with the cost function in a form of integrated squared error (ISE criterion. In both cases, a model of steam generator which is readily available in literature was used for control algorithms synthesis purposes. The proposed multi-region fuzzy logic controller and traditional PID controller were subjected to broad-based simulation tests in rapid prototyping software - Matlab/Simulink. These tests proved the advantage of multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers over its traditional counterpart.

Evaluation of RTD and thermocouple for PID temperature control in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation of RTD and thermocouple for PID temperature control in distributed control system laboratory. D. A. A. Nazarudin, M. K. Nordin, A. Ahmad, M. Masrie, M. F. Saaid, N. M. Thamrin, M. S. A. M. Ali ...

Adaptive fuzzy PID control of hydraulic servo control system for large axial flow compressor

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yannian; Wu, Peizhi; Liu, Chengtao

2017-09-01

To improve the stability of the large axial compressor, an efficient and special intelligent hydraulic servo control system is designed and implemented. The adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to control the position of the hydraulic servo cylinder steadily, which overcomes the drawback that the PID parameters should be adjusted based on the different applications. The simulation and the test results show that the system has a better dynamic property and a stable state performance.

A design method of compensators for multi-variable control system with PID controllers 'CHARLY'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwara, Toshitaka; Yamada, Katsumi

1985-01-01

A systematic design method of compensators for a multi-variable control system having usual PID controllers in its loops is presented in this paper. The method itself is able: to determine the main manipulating variable corresponding to each controlled variable with a sensitivity analysis in the frequency domain. to tune PID controllers sufficiently to realize adequate control actions with a searching technique of minimum values of cost functionals. to design compensators improving the control preformance and to simulate a total system for confirming the designed compensators. In the phase of compensator design, the state variable feed-back gain is obtained by means of the OPTIMAL REGULATOR THEORY for the composite system of plant and PID controllers. The transfer function type compensators the configurations of which were previously given are, then, designed to approximate the frequency responces of the above mentioned state feed-back system. An example is illustrated for convenience. (author)

HYBRID SYSTEM BASED FUZZY-PID CONTROL SCHEMES FOR UNPREDICTABLE PROCESS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.K. Tan

2011-07-01

Full Text Available In general, the primary aim of polymerization industry is to enhance the process operation in order to obtain high quality and purity product. However, a sudden and large amount of heat will be released rapidly during the mixing process of two reactants, i.e. phenol and formalin due to its exothermic behavior. The unpredictable heat will cause deviation of process temperature and hence affect the quality of the product. Therefore, it is vital to control the process temperature during the polymerization. In the modern industry, fuzzy logic is commonly used to auto-tune PID controller to control the process temperature. However, this method needs an experienced operator to fine tune the fuzzy membership function and universe of discourse via trial and error approach. Hence, the setting of fuzzy inference system might not be accurate due to the human errors. Besides that, control of the process can be challenging due to the rapid changes in the plant parameters which will increase the process complexity. This paper proposes an optimization scheme using hybrid of Q-learning (QL and genetic algorithm (GA to optimize the fuzzy membership function in order to allow the conventional fuzzy-PID controller to control the process temperature more effectively. The performances of the proposed optimization scheme are compared with the existing fuzzy-PID scheme. The results show that the proposed optimization scheme is able to control the process temperature more effectively even if disturbance is introduced.

Tuning method for multi-variable control system with PID controllers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujiwara, Toshitaka

1983-01-01

Control systems, including thermal and nuclear power plants, generally and mainly use PID controllers consisting of proportional, integral and differential actions. These systems consist of multiple control loops which interfere with each other. Therefore, it is present status that the fine control of the system is carried out by the trial and error method because the adjusting procedure for a single control loop cannot be applied to a multi-loop system in most cases. In this report, a method to effectively adjust PID controller parameters in a short time in a control system which consists of multi-loops that interfere with each other. This method makes adjustment by using the control area as the evaluation function, which is the time-dependent integration of control deviation, the input to the PID controllers. In other words, the evaluation function is provided for each control result for every parameter (gain constant, reset rate, and differentiation time), and all parameters are simultaneously changed in the direction of minimizing the values of these evaluation functions. In the report, the principle of tuning method, the evaluation function for each of three parameters, and the adjusting system configuration for separately using for actual plant tuning and for control system design are described. It also shows the examples of application to the actual tuning of the control system for a thermal power plant and to a control system design. (Wakatsuki, Y.)

Design of distributed PID-type dynamic matrix controller for fractional-order systems

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dawei; Zhang, Ridong

2018-01-01

With the continuous requirements for product quality and safety operation in industrial production, it is difficult to describe the complex large-scale processes with integer-order differential equations. However, the fractional differential equations may precisely represent the intrinsic characteristics of such systems. In this paper, a distributed PID-type dynamic matrix control method based on fractional-order systems is proposed. First, the high-order approximate model of integer order is obtained by utilising the Oustaloup method. Then, the step response model vectors of the plant is obtained on the basis of the high-order model, and the online optimisation for multivariable processes is transformed into the optimisation of each small-scale subsystem that is regarded as a sub-plant controlled in the distributed framework. Furthermore, the PID operator is introduced into the performance index of each subsystem and the fractional-order PID-type dynamic matrix controller is designed based on Nash optimisation strategy. The information exchange among the subsystems is realised through the distributed control structure so as to complete the optimisation task of the whole large-scale system. Finally, the control performance of the designed controller in this paper is verified by an example.

An Implementation Method of the Fractional-Order PID Control System Considering the Memory Constraint and its Application to the Temperature Control of Heat Plate

Science.gov (United States)

Sasano, Koji; Okajima, Hiroshi; Matsunaga, Nobutomo

Recently, the fractional order PID (FO-PID) control, which is the extension of the PID control, has been focused on. Even though the FO-PID requires the high-order filter, it is difficult to realize the high-order filter due to the memory limitation of digital computer. For implementation of FO-PID, approximation of the fractional integrator and differentiator are required. Short memory principle (SMP) is one of the effective approximation methods. However, there is a disadvantage that the approximated filter with SMP cannot eliminate the steady-state error. For this problem, we introduce the distributed implementation of the integrator and the dynamic quantizer to make the efficient use of permissible memory. The objective of this study is to clarify how to implement the accurate FO-PID with limited memories. In this paper, we propose the implementation method of FO-PID with memory constraint using dynamic quantizer. And the trade off between approximation of fractional elements and quantized data size are examined so as to close to the ideal FO-PID responses. The effectiveness of proposed method is evaluated by numerical example and experiment in the temperature control of heat plate.

A fast PID controller Design for Modern PLC for Process Control Application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mirza, A.; Nafis, A.; Anees, R.M.; Idris, S.

2004-01-01

PID is the most widely used control scheme in the process industry. Pill controllers are utilized for the control of such varied parameters as pressure, flow, temperature, etc. One characteristic of these parameters is that they posses slow dynamics. Most of the available digital controllers can manipulate only a single parameter- multiple controllers are required for control of more than one parameter. The Fast PID Controller for Modem PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) developed by the authors, provides control of several parameters at a time (through a single Pill control element), enhanced programmability including variable sampling period, parameter monitoring and data storage, which may be easily implemented in a PLC. (author)

A conformal mapping based fractional order approach for sub-optimal tuning of PID controllers with guaranteed dominant pole placement

Science.gov (United States)

Saha, Suman; Das, Saptarshi; Das, Shantanu; Gupta, Amitava

2012-09-01

A novel conformal mapping based fractional order (FO) methodology is developed in this paper for tuning existing classical (Integer Order) Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers especially for sluggish and oscillatory second order systems. The conventional pole placement tuning via Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) method is extended for open loop oscillatory systems as well. The locations of the open loop zeros of a fractional order PID (FOPID or PIλDμ) controller have been approximated in this paper vis-à-vis a LQR tuned conventional integer order PID controller, to achieve equivalent integer order PID control system. This approach eases the implementation of analog/digital realization of a FOPID controller with its integer order counterpart along with the advantages of fractional order controller preserved. It is shown here in the paper that decrease in the integro-differential operators of the FOPID/PIλDμ controller pushes the open loop zeros of the equivalent PID controller towards greater damping regions which gives a trajectory of the controller zeros and dominant closed loop poles. This trajectory is termed as "M-curve". This phenomena is used to design a two-stage tuning algorithm which reduces the existing PID controller's effort in a significant manner compared to that with a single stage LQR based pole placement method at a desired closed loop damping and frequency.

Application of a PID controller based on fuzzy logic to reduce variations in the control parameters in PWR reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasconcelos, Wagner Eustaquio de; Lira, Carlos Alberto Brayner de Oliveira; Brito, Thiago Souza Pereira de; Afonso, Antonio Claudio Marques; Cruz Filho, Antonio Jose da; Marques, Jose Antonio; Teixeira, Marcello Goulart

2013-01-01

Nuclear reactors are in nature nonlinear systems and their parameters vary with time as a function of power level. These characteristics must be considered if large power variations occur in power plant operational regimes, such as in load-following conditions. A PWR reactor has a component called pressurizer, whose function is to supply the necessary high pressure for its operation and to contain pressure variations in the primary cooling system. The use of control systems capable of reducing fast variations of the operation variables and to maintain the stability of this system is of fundamental importance. The best-known controllers used in industrial control processes are proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers due to their simple structure and robust performance in a wide range of operating conditions. However, designing a fuzzy controller is seen to be a much less difficult task. Once a Fuzzy Logic controller is designed for a particular set of parameters of the nonlinear element, it yields satisfactory performance for a range of these parameters. The objective of this work is to develop fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (fuzzy-PID) control strategies to control the level of water in the reactor. In the study of the pressurizer, several computer codes are used to simulate its dynamic behavior. At the fuzzy-PID control strategy, the fuzzy logic controller is exploited to extend the finite sets of PID gains to the possible combinations of PID gains in stable region. Thus the fuzzy logic controller tunes the gain of PID controller to adapt the model with changes in the water level of reactor. The simulation results showed a favorable performance with the use to fuzzy-PID controllers. (author)

System studies in PA: Development of process influence diagram (PID) for SFR-1 repository near-field + far-field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stenhouse, M.J. [Monitor Scientific, LLC, Denver, CO (United States); Miller, W.M.; Chapman, N.A. [QuantiSci Ltd., Melton Mowbray (United Kingdom)

2001-05-01

Scenario development is a key component of the performance assessment (PA) process for radioactive waste disposal, the primary objective being to ensure that all relevant factors associated with the future evolution of the repository system are properly considered in PA. As part of scenario development, a list of features, events and processes (FEPs) are identified and assembled, representing the Process System, with interactions/influences between FEPs incorporated in a Process Influence Diagram (PID). This report documents the technical work conducted between 1997 and the end of 1999 under the Systems Studies Project. The overall objective of this project has been the construction of a PID for the SFR-1 repository (final repository for reactor waste), this PID being the first stage in the identification of scenarios to describe future evolution of this repository. The PIDs discussed in this report have been created using two software applications: existing commercial software (Business Modeller, Infotool AB. Stockholm, Sweden) and, more recently, a newly developed software tool SPARTA (Enviros QuantiSci, Henley, U.K.). Although the focus of this report is on the application of SPARTA to PID development, it is important to document the work carried out prior to SPARTA being available, in order to provide a complete record of the entire SFR-1 PID development effort as well as preserving the context of the multi-year project. Following a description of the different disposal sections of the SFR-1 and the various near-field barriers, the sequential development (i.e. near-field of Silo, BMA, BLA, BTF sections; far-field; integrated near-field + far-field) of the PID for SFR-1 repository system using Business Modeller is described. Owing to the complexity of the repository, in terms of number of both different disposal sections (Silo, BLA, BMA, BTF) and barriers associated with each section, the two-dimensional (2D) PID created for SFR-1 using Business Modeller is

Comparison between MPC and PID control for compact hydro ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper presents water temperature of a hydro distillation that have been modelled by using linear ARX Modal. Based on the modal obtained, a model predictive controller and PID controller have been developed. Both controller undergone the performance of controller tests that includes set point, set point change and ...

Multi-objective PID Optimization for Speed Control of an Isolated Steam Turbine using Gentic Algorithm

OpenAIRE

Sanjay Kr. Singh; D. Boolchandani; S.G. Modani; Nitish Katal

2014-01-01

This study focuses on multi-objective optimization of the PID controllers for optimal speed control for an isolated steam turbine. In complex operations, optimal tuning plays an imperative role in maintaining the product quality and process safety. This study focuses on the comparison of the optimal PID tuning using Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) against normal genetic algorithm and Ziegler Nichols methods for the speed control of an isolated steam turbine. Isolated steam turbine...

Les activités de gestion d’alerte épidémiologique : les transformations induites par l’utilisation d’un système de surveillance en temps réel Alert Management Activity: Cognitive and team activity modifications due to the use of an early warning system Las actividades de gestión de alerta epidemiológica : las transformaciones inducidas por la utilización de un sistema de vigilancia en tiempo real

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charlotte Gaudin

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Cet article présente une recherche en psychologie cognitive et ergonomique visant à analyser l’activité de gestion d’une alerte épidémiologique. Gérer une alerte épidémiologique est une activité médicale distribuée et complexe consistant en la gestion d’un environnement dynamique puisque l’épidémie évolue et se propage rapidement si aucune action n’est entreprise pour la contrôler. Plus précisément, deux types de situation sont analysées : (1 l’activité traditionnelle de gestion d’alerte et (2 cette même activité lorsqu’elle est assistée par un système informatique, en l’occurrence le système ASTER (ou Alerte et Surveillance en TEmps Réel. Les résultats obtenus sont ensuite discutés au niveau cognitif et au niveau des activités collectives consécutivement à l’introduction et à l’utilisation d’un système technique.This paper presents a study that investigated the management of epidemiological alerts. Alert management is a complex, distributed medical activity. It can be compared to the largest category of dynamic environment management. Two activities were examined. First, we analyzed traditional alert management activity with the MAD method (observations and interviews. Second, we analyzed and characterized alert management activities when supported by the computerized ASTER system (Alerte et Surveillance en TEmps Réel, alert and monitoring in real time. The second analysis was conducted with EORCA method, which is used to describe collective and complex activities. The results highlight various modifications to both the cognitive activity and team activities which were due to the use of the ASTER system.Este artículo presenta una investigación en psicología cognitiva y ergonómica cuyo objetivo es analizar la actividad de gestión de una alerta epidemiológica. Manejar una alerta epidemiológica es una actividad médica distribuida y compleja que consiste en la gestión de un ambiente

Vision-Based Robot Following Using PID Control

OpenAIRE

Chandra Sekhar Pati; Rahul Kala

2017-01-01

Applications like robots which are employed for shopping, porter services, assistive robotics, etc., require a robot to continuously follow a human or another robot. This paper presents a mobile robot following another tele-operated mobile robot based on a PID (Proportional–Integral-Differential) controller. Here, we use two differential wheel drive robots; one is a master robot and the other is a follower robot. The master robot is manually controlled and the follower robot is programmed to ...

A comparative study of stabilizing control of a planer electromagnetic levitation using PID and LQR controllers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mundher H.A. Yaseen

Full Text Available Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any mechanical support. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate stabilized closed loop control of 1-DOF Maglev experimentally using real-time control simulink feature of (SIMLAB microcontroller. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR controllers are employed to examine the stability performance of the Maglev control system under effect of unbalanced change of load and wave signal on Maglev plane. The effect of unbalanced change of applied load on single point, line and plane are presented. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of sudden change in input signal, the input of wave signal has been applied on all points of the prototype maglev plate simultaneously. The results of pulse width modulation (PWM reveal that the control system using LQR controller provides faster response to adjust the levitated plane comparing to PID controller. Moreover, the air gap distance that controlled using PID controller is rather stable with little oscillation. Meanwhile, LQR controller provided more stability and homogeneous response. Keywords: Magnetic levitation (Maglev, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR, PID controller, SIMLAB Platform

Design of Intelligent Hydraulic Excavator Control System Based on PID Method

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jun; Jiao, Shengjie; Liao, Xiaoming; Yin, Penglong; Wang, Yulin; Si, Kuimao; Zhang, Yi; Gu, Hairong

Most of the domestic designed hydraulic excavators adopt the constant power design method and set 85%~90% of engine power as the hydraulic system adoption power, it causes high energy loss due to mismatching of power between the engine and the pump. While the variation of the rotational speed of engine could sense the power shift of the load, it provides a new method to adjust the power matching between engine and pump through engine speed. Based on negative flux hydraulic system, an intelligent hydraulic excavator control system was designed based on rotational speed sensing method to improve energy efficiency. The control system was consisted of engine control module, pump power adjusted module, engine idle module and system fault diagnosis module. Special PLC with CAN bus was used to acquired the sensors and adjusts the pump absorption power according to load variation. Four energy saving control strategies with constant power method were employed to improve the fuel utilization. Three power modes (H, S and L mode) were designed to meet different working status; Auto idle function was employed to save energy through two work status detected pressure switches, 1300rpm was setting as the idle speed according to the engine consumption fuel curve. Transient overload function was designed for deep digging within short time without spending extra fuel. An increasing PID method was employed to realize power matching between engine and pump, the rotational speed's variation was taken as the PID algorithm's input; the current of proportional valve of variable displacement pump was the PID's output. The result indicated that the auto idle could decrease fuel consumption by 33.33% compared to work in maximum speed of H mode, the PID control method could take full use of maximum engine power at each power mode and keep the engine speed at stable range. Application of rotational speed sensing method provides a reliable method to improve the excavator's energy efficiency and

Osta ja pidä: yritysten joukkovelkakirjat vs. osakkeet

OpenAIRE

Nyqvist, Kim

2012-01-01

Opinnäytetyö käsittelee yrityksen joukkovelkakirjojen tuottoa ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä osta ja pidä –sijoitusstrategian näkökulmasta. Vertailukohdaksi yrityksen joukkovelkakirjoille on valittu osakkeet, niiden tunnettavuuden ja vuotuisen tuoton takia, joka on vertauskelpoinen joukkovelkakirjojen maksamalle kupongille. Työn teoreettinen viitekehys koostuu yritysten joukkovelkakirjoista ja osakkeista. Painotus on yritysten joukkovelkakirjoissa, sillä ne ovat huomattavasti tuntemattom...

Design and Research on Vehicles Motor Testing System Based on Improvement PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fan Kuangang

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Motor is the important parts in vehicles. It is the key parts for achieving automation. It is the critical technology to test vehicle motors. We take the PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation as based fundamental controlling algorithm, and we test motor parameters through LabVIEW for single-chip AT89C52. According to practical working condition, we build circuit electric field boundary, and analyze electric field distribution of hard circuit. In addition, we also design filtering circuit for main interrupt frequency (below 1 kHz, and we improved PID for direct motor speed which is controlled by PWM (pulse-width modulation to reach speed astatic regulation. At the same time, the system achieves soft start-up.

Robust PID based power system stabiliser: Design and real-time implementation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bevrani, Hassan [Department of Electrical and Computer Eng., University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Hiyama, Takashi [Department of Electrical and Computer Eng., Kumamoto University, Kumamoto (Japan); Bevrani, Hossein [Department of Statistics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2011-02-15

This paper addresses a new robust control strategy to synthesis of robust proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based power system stabilisers (PSS). The PID based PSS design problem is reduced to find an optimal gain vector via an H{infinity} static output feedback control (H{infinity}-SOF) technique, and the solution is easily carried out using a developed iterative linear matrix inequalities algorithm. To illustrate the developed approach, a real-time experiment has been performed for a longitudinal four-machine infinite-bus system using the Analog Power System Simulator at the Research Laboratory of the Kyushu Electric Power Company. The results of the proposed control strategy are compared with full-order H{infinity} and conventional PSS designs. The robust PSS is shown to maintain the robust performance and minimise the effect of disturbances properly. (author)

Empirically characteristic analysis of chaotic PID controlling particle swarm optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Danping; Lu, Yongzhong; Zhou, Min; Chen, Shiping; Levy, David

2017-01-01

Since chaos systems generally have the intrinsic properties of sensitivity to initial conditions, topological mixing and density of periodic orbits, they may tactfully use the chaotic ergodic orbits to achieve the global optimum or their better approximation to given cost functions with high probability. During the past decade, they have increasingly received much attention from academic community and industry society throughout the world. To improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), we herein propose a chaotic proportional integral derivative (PID) controlling PSO algorithm by the hybridization of chaotic logistic dynamics and hierarchical inertia weight. The hierarchical inertia weight coefficients are determined in accordance with the present fitness values of the local best positions so as to adaptively expand the particles’ search space. Moreover, the chaotic logistic map is not only used in the substitution of the two random parameters affecting the convergence behavior, but also used in the chaotic local search for the global best position so as to easily avoid the particles’ premature behaviors via the whole search space. Thereafter, the convergent analysis of chaotic PID controlling PSO is under deep investigation. Empirical simulation results demonstrate that compared with other several chaotic PSO algorithms like chaotic PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PSO with the tent map and chaotic catfish PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PID controlling PSO exhibits much better search efficiency and quality when solving the optimization problems. Additionally, the parameter estimation of a nonlinear dynamic system also further clarifies its superiority to chaotic catfish PSO, genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO. PMID:28472050

Empirically characteristic analysis of chaotic PID controlling particle swarm optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Danping; Lu, Yongzhong; Zhou, Min; Chen, Shiping; Levy, David

2017-01-01

Since chaos systems generally have the intrinsic properties of sensitivity to initial conditions, topological mixing and density of periodic orbits, they may tactfully use the chaotic ergodic orbits to achieve the global optimum or their better approximation to given cost functions with high probability. During the past decade, they have increasingly received much attention from academic community and industry society throughout the world. To improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO), we herein propose a chaotic proportional integral derivative (PID) controlling PSO algorithm by the hybridization of chaotic logistic dynamics and hierarchical inertia weight. The hierarchical inertia weight coefficients are determined in accordance with the present fitness values of the local best positions so as to adaptively expand the particles' search space. Moreover, the chaotic logistic map is not only used in the substitution of the two random parameters affecting the convergence behavior, but also used in the chaotic local search for the global best position so as to easily avoid the particles' premature behaviors via the whole search space. Thereafter, the convergent analysis of chaotic PID controlling PSO is under deep investigation. Empirical simulation results demonstrate that compared with other several chaotic PSO algorithms like chaotic PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PSO with the tent map and chaotic catfish PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PID controlling PSO exhibits much better search efficiency and quality when solving the optimization problems. Additionally, the parameter estimation of a nonlinear dynamic system also further clarifies its superiority to chaotic catfish PSO, genetic algorithm (GA) and PSO.

Empirically characteristic analysis of chaotic PID controlling particle swarm optimization.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danping Yan

Full Text Available Since chaos systems generally have the intrinsic properties of sensitivity to initial conditions, topological mixing and density of periodic orbits, they may tactfully use the chaotic ergodic orbits to achieve the global optimum or their better approximation to given cost functions with high probability. During the past decade, they have increasingly received much attention from academic community and industry society throughout the world. To improve the performance of particle swarm optimization (PSO, we herein propose a chaotic proportional integral derivative (PID controlling PSO algorithm by the hybridization of chaotic logistic dynamics and hierarchical inertia weight. The hierarchical inertia weight coefficients are determined in accordance with the present fitness values of the local best positions so as to adaptively expand the particles' search space. Moreover, the chaotic logistic map is not only used in the substitution of the two random parameters affecting the convergence behavior, but also used in the chaotic local search for the global best position so as to easily avoid the particles' premature behaviors via the whole search space. Thereafter, the convergent analysis of chaotic PID controlling PSO is under deep investigation. Empirical simulation results demonstrate that compared with other several chaotic PSO algorithms like chaotic PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PSO with the tent map and chaotic catfish PSO with the logistic map, chaotic PID controlling PSO exhibits much better search efficiency and quality when solving the optimization problems. Additionally, the parameter estimation of a nonlinear dynamic system also further clarifies its superiority to chaotic catfish PSO, genetic algorithm (GA and PSO.

Multi-stage fuzzy PID power system automatic generation controller in deregulated environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shayeghi, H.; Shayanfar, H.A.; Jalili, A.

2006-01-01

In this paper, a multi-stage fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) type controller is proposed to solve the automatic generation control (AGC) problem in a deregulated power system that operates under deregulation based on the bilateral policy scheme. In each control area, the effects of the possible contracts are treated as a set of new input signals in a modified traditional dynamical model. The multi-stage controller uses the fuzzy switch to blend a proportional derivative (PD) fuzzy logic controller with an integral fuzzy logic input. The proposed controller operates on fuzzy values passing the consequence of a prior stage on to the next stage as fact. The salient advantage of this strategy is its high insensitivity to large load changes and disturbances in the presence of plant parameter variations and system nonlinearities. This newly developed strategy leads to a flexible controller with simple structure that is easy to implement, and therefore, it can be useful for the real world power systems. The proposed method is tested on a three area power system with different contracted scenarios under various operating conditions. The results of the proposed controller are compared with those of the classical fuzzy PID type controller and classical PID controller through some performance indices to illustrate its robust performance

PID Based on Attractive Ellipsoid Method for Dynamic Uncertain and External Disturbances Rejection in Mechanical Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesus Patricio Ordaz Oliver

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a stability analysis for LNDS (Lagrangian nonlinear dynamical systems with dynamic uncertain using a PID controller with external disturbances rejection based on attractive ellipsoid methods, since the PID-CT (proportional integral derivative computed torque compensator has been used for the nonlinear trajectory tracking of an LNDS, when there are external perturbations and system uncertainties. The global system convergence of the trivial solution has not been proved. In this sense, we propose an approach to find the gains of the nonlinear PID-CT controller to guarantee the boundedness of the trivial solution by means of the concept of the UUB (uniform-ultimately bounded stability. In order to show the effectiveness of the methodology proposed, we applied it in a real 2-DoF robot system.

Performance and robustness of optimal fractional fuzzy PID controllers for pitch control of a wind turbine using chaotic optimization algorithms.

Science.gov (United States)

Asgharnia, Amirhossein; Shahnazi, Reza; Jamali, Ali

2018-05-11

The most studied controller for pitch control of wind turbines is proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. However, due to uncertainties in wind turbine modeling and wind speed profiles, the need for more effective controllers is inevitable. On the other hand, the parameters of PID controller usually are unknown and should be selected by the designer which is neither a straightforward task nor optimal. To cope with these drawbacks, in this paper, two advanced controllers called fuzzy PID (FPID) and fractional-order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) are proposed to improve the pitch control performance. Meanwhile, to find the parameters of the controllers the chaotic evolutionary optimization methods are used. Using evolutionary optimization methods not only gives us the unknown parameters of the controllers but also guarantees the optimality based on the chosen objective function. To improve the performance of the evolutionary algorithms chaotic maps are used. All the optimization procedures are applied to the 2-mass model of 5-MW wind turbine model. The proposed optimal controllers are validated using simulator FAST developed by NREL. Simulation results demonstrate that the FOFPID controller can reach to better performance and robustness while guaranteeing fewer fatigue damages in different wind speeds in comparison to FPID, fractional-order PID (FOPID) and gain-scheduling PID (GSPID) controllers. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID motion control tuning rules in a damping injection framework

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tadele, T.S.; de Vries, Theodorus J.A.; Stramigioli, Stefano

2013-01-01

This paper presents a general design approach for a performance based tuning of a damping injection framework impedance controller by using insights from PID motion control tuning rules. The damping injection framework impedance controller is suitable for human friendly robots as it enhances safety

Comparison Analysis of Model Predictive Controller with Classical PID Controller For pH Control Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Balaji

2016-12-01

Full Text Available pH control plays a important role in any chemical plant and process industries. For the past four decades the classical PID controller has been occupied by the industries. Due to the faster computing   technology in the industry demands a tighter advanced control strategy. To fulfill the needs and requirements Model Predictive Control (MPC is the best among all the advanced control algorithms available in the present scenario. The study and analysis has been done for First Order plus Delay Time (FOPDT model controlled by Proportional Integral Derivative (PID and MPC using the Matlab software. This paper explores the capability of the MPC strategy, analyze and compare the control effects with conventional control strategy in pH control. A comparison results between the PID and MPC is plotted using the software. The results clearly show that MPC provide better performance than the classical controller.

KENDALI KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI TIGA FASA DENGAN KONTROLER PID

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Bambang Prio Hartono

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Speed control for three-phase induction motor with PID controller. The weakness of an induction motor is its disability to maintain the speed constantly during load changes; it will reduce the speed of induction motor. It needs a controller which enables an induction motor to maintain its speed in various set points and changing loads by determining system performance. The system is tested by referring settling point, rise time, delay time, time constant, and error state. The PID controller with 8,032 micro-controller can produce a good performance in following state: in starting phase, changing load torques, and achieving set point in t = 1.68 s, TR = 2.30 s, TS = 3.80 s, TD = 1.56 s, 1.29% error steady state (% Ess, and 1.50 Newton of load. In quick response (in mil-second, the induction motor becomes more stable, while in plant response there is no overshoot because the motor has been tied by a power brake that acts as a load.

Control of force during rapid visuomotor force-matching tasks can be described by discrete time PID control algorithms.

Science.gov (United States)

Dideriksen, Jakob Lund; Feeney, Daniel F; Almuklass, Awad M; Enoka, Roger M

2017-08-01

Force trajectories during isometric force-matching tasks involving isometric contractions vary substantially across individuals. In this study, we investigated if this variability can be explained by discrete time proportional, integral, derivative (PID) control algorithms with varying model parameters. To this end, we analyzed the pinch force trajectories of 24 subjects performing two rapid force-matching tasks with visual feedback. Both tasks involved isometric contractions to a target force of 10% maximal voluntary contraction. One task involved a single action (pinch) and the other required a double action (concurrent pinch and wrist extension). 50,000 force trajectories were simulated with a computational neuromuscular model whose input was determined by a PID controller with different PID gains and frequencies at which the controller adjusted muscle commands. The goal was to find the best match between each experimental force trajectory and all simulated trajectories. It was possible to identify one realization of the PID controller that matched the experimental force produced during each task for most subjects (average index of similarity: 0.87 ± 0.12; 1 = perfect similarity). The similarities for both tasks were significantly greater than that would be expected by chance (single action: p = 0.01; double action: p = 0.04). Furthermore, the identified control frequencies in the simulated PID controller with the greatest similarities decreased as task difficulty increased (single action: 4.0 ± 1.8 Hz; double action: 3.1 ± 1.3 Hz). Overall, the results indicate that discrete time PID controllers are realistic models for the neural control of force in rapid force-matching tasks involving isometric contractions.

The Parrot UAV Controlled by PID Controllers

OpenAIRE

Koszewnik Andrzej

2014-01-01

The paper presents the process of modeling and designing control laws for four-rotor type of the Parrot UAV. The state space model is obtained by using several phenomena like gyroscopic effects for rigid bodies, propellers and rotors. The obtained model has been used to design PID control laws for roll, pitch, yaw angle and altitude, respectively. The numerical simulations of the closed loop model are shown that system in satisfy way stabilize flight of the quadro-rotor in all considered dire...

Optimized linear motor and digital PID controller setup used in Mössbauer spectrometer

Science.gov (United States)

Kohout, Pavel; Kouřil, Lukáš; Navařík, Jakub; Novák, Petr; Pechoušek, Jiří

2014-10-01

Optimization of a linear motor and digital PID controller setup used in a Mössbauer spectrometer is presented. Velocity driving system with a digital PID feedback subsystem was developed in the LabVIEW graphical environment and deployed on the sbRIO real-time hardware device (National Instruments). The most important data acquisition processes are performed as real-time deterministic tasks on an FPGA chip. Velocity transducer of a double loudspeaker type with a power amplifier circuit is driven by the system. Series of calibration measurements were proceeded to find the optimal setup of the P, I, D parameters together with velocity error signal analysis. The shape and given signal characteristics of the velocity error signal are analyzed in details. Remote applications for controlling and monitoring the PID system from computer or smart phone, respectively, were also developed. The best setup and P, I, D parameters were set and calibration spectrum of α-Fe sample with an average nonlinearity of the velocity scale below 0.08% was collected. Furthermore, the width of the spectral line below 0.30 mm/s was observed. Powerful and complex velocity driving system was designed.

Integrated tuning of PID-derivative load frequency controller for two ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Results of the proposed derivative controller have been compared with conventional proportional integral derivative controller in time domain analysis. A remarkable improvement in stability of the system has ... the feasibility of the proposed PID-derivative filter controller. Keywords: controller; derivative filter; tie line; two area ...

Development of a PID-Fuzzy controller in the water level control of a pressurizer of a nuclear reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brito, Thiago S.P.; Lira, Carlos A.B.O.; Vasconcelos, Wagner E., E-mail: thiago.brito86@yahoo.com.br, E-mail: cabol@ufpe.br, E-mail: wagner@unicap.br [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia e Geociencias. Departamento de Energia Nuclear; Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), Recife, PE (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia

2017-11-01

It is well known that safety in the operation of nuclear power plants is a primary requirement because a failure of this system can result in serious problems to the environment. A nuclear reactor has several systems that help keep it in normal operation, within safety margins. Many of these systems operate in the control of variable quantities in the primary circuit of a reactor. However, nuclear reactors are nonlinear physical systems, and this introduces a complexity in the control strategies. Among several mechanisms in the thermal-hydraulic system of a reactor that actuate as a controller, the pressurizer is the component responsible for absorbing pressure variations that occur in the primary circuit. This work aims at the development of a PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative) based on fuzzy logic to operate in a pressurizer of a nuclear Pressurized Water Reactor. A Fuzzy Controller was developed using the process of fuzzification, inference, and defuzzification of the variables of interest to a pressurizer, then this controller was coupled to a PID Controller building a PID Controller, but oriented by Fuzzy logic. Subsequently, the PID-Fuzzy Controller was experimentally validated in a Simulation Plant in which transients like those in a PWR were conducted. The PID parameters were analyzed and adjusted for better responses and results. The results of the validation were also compared to simple controllers (on / off). (author)

Development of a PID-Fuzzy controller in the water level control of a pressurizer of a nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brito, Thiago S.P.; Lira, Carlos A.B.O.; Vasconcelos, Wagner E.; Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco

2017-01-01

It is well known that safety in the operation of nuclear power plants is a primary requirement because a failure of this system can result in serious problems to the environment. A nuclear reactor has several systems that help keep it in normal operation, within safety margins. Many of these systems operate in the control of variable quantities in the primary circuit of a reactor. However, nuclear reactors are nonlinear physical systems, and this introduces a complexity in the control strategies. Among several mechanisms in the thermal-hydraulic system of a reactor that actuate as a controller, the pressurizer is the component responsible for absorbing pressure variations that occur in the primary circuit. This work aims at the development of a PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative) based on fuzzy logic to operate in a pressurizer of a nuclear Pressurized Water Reactor. A Fuzzy Controller was developed using the process of fuzzification, inference, and defuzzification of the variables of interest to a pressurizer, then this controller was coupled to a PID Controller building a PID Controller, but oriented by Fuzzy logic. Subsequently, the PID-Fuzzy Controller was experimentally validated in a Simulation Plant in which transients like those in a PWR were conducted. The PID parameters were analyzed and adjusted for better responses and results. The results of the validation were also compared to simple controllers (on / off). (author)

Circuit Implementation of Coronary Artery Chaos Phenomenon and Optimal PID Synchronization Controller Design

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheng-Yu Yeh

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed at the implementation and synchronization control of cardiac circuit. First, the MATLAB-Simulink was used to simulate the dynamic behavior of cardiac chaotic circuit, and simple electronic modules were used to implement the cardiac system. Then the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO was used to seek for the proportional, integral, and derivative gains of optimal PID controller, and the PID controller which could synchronize the slave cardiac circuit and the master cardiac circuit was obtained, in order to synchronize the master/slave chaotic cardiac circuits. This method can be provided for cardiac doctors to diagnose and medicate cardiac abnormality.

The Villas Carrousel PV-Wind Hybrid Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huacuz, Jorge M. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

A pilot project was carried out to supply electrical services for an ecological hotel (eco-hotel), using solar and wind energy in Southeast Mexico. Fifteen small photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems were designed and built by researchers of the Electrical Research Institute of Mexico (IIE), as part of a cooperation agreement with the mexican company Carrousel Operadora Turistica, aimed at developing a technology package to supply electrical services to similar hotels sited in remote areas. Each hybrid system includes one wind generator of 500W nominal capacity, one PV panel ranging in power from 150W to 320 Watts peak, one lead-acid battery bank of 570 ampere-hour in capacity, and an electronic charge controller. This paper describes the systems and summarizes the results from the first twelve months of operation. [Espanol] Se llevo a cabo un proyecto piloto para el suministro de servicios electricos a un hotel ecologico (eco-hotel), utilizando energia solar y energia del viento en el Sudeste de Mexico. Investigadores del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas de Mexico, disenaron y construyeron quince pequenos sistemas hibridos fotovoltaicos-viento, como parte de un acuerdo de cooperacion con la compania mexicana Carrousel Operadora Turistica, orientado al desarrollo de un paquete tecnologico para proporcionar servicios de energia electrica a hoteles similares ubicados en areas remotas. Cada sistema hibrido incluye un aero-generador con capacidad nominal de 500W un panel foto-voltaico con una potencia que varia entre los 150W y los 320W pico, una banco de baterias de plomo-acido de 570 amperes-hora de capacidad y un controlador electronico de carga. Este articulo describe los sistemas y presenta un resumen de los resultados de los primeros doce meses de operacion.

The Villas Carrousel PV-Wind Hybrid Project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huacuz, Jorge M [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

A pilot project was carried out to supply electrical services for an ecological hotel (eco-hotel), using solar and wind energy in Southeast Mexico. Fifteen small photovoltaic-wind hybrid systems were designed and built by researchers of the Electrical Research Institute of Mexico (IIE), as part of a cooperation agreement with the mexican company Carrousel Operadora Turistica, aimed at developing a technology package to supply electrical services to similar hotels sited in remote areas. Each hybrid system includes one wind generator of 500W nominal capacity, one PV panel ranging in power from 150W to 320 Watts peak, one lead-acid battery bank of 570 ampere-hour in capacity, and an electronic charge controller. This paper describes the systems and summarizes the results from the first twelve months of operation. [Espanol] Se llevo a cabo un proyecto piloto para el suministro de servicios electricos a un hotel ecologico (eco-hotel), utilizando energia solar y energia del viento en el Sudeste de Mexico. Investigadores del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas de Mexico, disenaron y construyeron quince pequenos sistemas hibridos fotovoltaicos-viento, como parte de un acuerdo de cooperacion con la compania mexicana Carrousel Operadora Turistica, orientado al desarrollo de un paquete tecnologico para proporcionar servicios de energia electrica a hoteles similares ubicados en areas remotas. Cada sistema hibrido incluye un aero-generador con capacidad nominal de 500W un panel foto-voltaico con una potencia que varia entre los 150W y los 320W pico, una banco de baterias de plomo-acido de 570 amperes-hora de capacidad y un controlador electronico de carga. Este articulo describe los sistemas y presenta un resumen de los resultados de los primeros doce meses de operacion.

Design and Simulation of a PID Controller for Motion Control Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan Abdullahi, Zakariyya; Danzomo, Bashir Ahmed; Suleiman Abdullahi, Zainab

2018-04-01

Motion control system plays important role in many industrial applications among which are in robot system, missile launching, positioning systems etc. However, the performance requirement for these applications in terms of high accuracy, high speed, insignificant or no overshoot and robustness have generated continuous challenges in the field of motion control system design and implementation. To compensate this challenge, a PID controller was design using mathematical model of a DC motor based on classical root-locus approach. The reason for adopting root locus design is to remodel the closed-loop response by putting the closed-loop poles of the system at desired points. Adding poles and zeros to the initial open-loop transfer function through the controller provide a way to transform the root locus in order to place the closed-loop poles at the required points. This process can also be used for discrete-time models. The Advantages of root locus over other methods is that, it gives the better way of pinpointing the parameters and can easily predict the fulfilment of the whole system. The controller performance was simulated using MATLAB code and a reasonable degree of accuracy was obtained. Implementation of the proposed model was conducted using-Simulink and the result obtained shows that the PID controller met the transient performance specifications with both settling time and overshoot less than 0.1s and 5% respectively. In terms of steady state error, the PID controller gave good response for both step input and ramp.

System-wide hybrid MPC-PID control of a continuous pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing process via direct compaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Ravendra; Ierapetritou, Marianthi; Ramachandran, Rohit

2013-11-01

The next generation of QbD based pharmaceutical products will be manufactured through continuous processing. This will allow the integration of online/inline monitoring tools, coupled with an efficient advanced model-based feedback control systems, to achieve precise control of process variables, so that the predefined product quality can be achieved consistently. The direct compaction process considered in this study is highly interactive and involves time delays for a number of process variables due to sensor placements, process equipment dimensions, and the flow characteristics of the solid material. A simple feedback regulatory control system (e.g., PI(D)) by itself may not be sufficient to achieve the tight process control that is mandated by regulatory authorities. The process presented herein comprises of coupled dynamics involving slow and fast responses, indicating the requirement of a hybrid control scheme such as a combined MPC-PID control scheme. In this manuscript, an efficient system-wide hybrid control strategy for an integrated continuous pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing process via direct compaction has been designed. The designed control system is a hybrid scheme of MPC-PID control. An effective controller parameter tuning strategy involving an ITAE method coupled with an optimization strategy has been used for tuning of both MPC and PID parameters. The designed hybrid control system has been implemented in a first-principles model-based flowsheet that was simulated in gPROMS (Process System Enterprise). Results demonstrate enhanced performance of critical quality attributes (CQAs) under the hybrid control scheme compared to only PID or MPC control schemes, illustrating the potential of a hybrid control scheme in improving pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form (PID-5-SF): psychometric properties and association with big five traits and pathological beliefs in a Norwegian population.

Science.gov (United States)

Thimm, Jens C; Jordan, Stian; Bach, Bo

2016-12-07

With the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), an alternative model for personality disorders based on personality dysfunction and pathological personality traits was introduced. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220-item self-report inventory designed to assess the personality traits of this model. Recently, a short 100-item version of the PID-5 (PID-5-SF) has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the score reliability and structure of the Norwegian PID-5-SF. Further, criterion validity with the five factor model of personality (FFM) and pathological personality beliefs was examined. A derivation sample of university students (N = 503) completed the PID-5, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire - Short Form (PBQ-SF), whereas a replication sample of 127 students completed the PID-5-SF along with the aforementioned measures. The short PID-5 showed overall good score reliability and structural validity. The associations with FFM traits and pathological personality beliefs were conceptually coherent and similar for the two forms of the PID-5. The results suggest that the Norwegian PID-5 short form is a reliable and efficient measure of the trait criterion of the alternative model for personality disorders in DSM-5.

Laser beam pointing and stabilization by fractional-order PID control: Tuning rule and experiments

KAUST Repository

Al-Alwan, Asem Ibrahim Alwan; Guo, Xingang; Ndoye, Ibrahima; Laleg-Kirati, Taous-Meriem

2017-01-01

This paper studies the problem of high-precision positioning of laser beams by using a robust Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller. The control problem addressed in laser beams aims to maintain the position of the laser beam on a Position Sensing Device (PSD) despite the effects of noise and active disturbances. The FOPID controller is well known for its simplicity with better tuning flexibility along with robustness to noise and output disturbance rejections. Thus, a control strategy based on FOPID to achieve the control objectives has been proposed. The FOPID gains and differentiation orders are optimally tuned in order to fulfill the robustness design specifications by solving a nonlinear optimization problem. A comparison to the conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and robust PID is also provided from simulation and experiment set-up. Due to sensor noise, practical PID controllers that filter the position signal before taking the derivative have been also proposed. Experimental results show that the requirements are totally met for the laser beam platform to be stabilized.

Laser beam pointing and stabilization by fractional-order PID control: Tuning rule and experiments

KAUST Repository

Al-Alwan, Asem Ibrahim Alwan

2017-10-24

This paper studies the problem of high-precision positioning of laser beams by using a robust Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) controller. The control problem addressed in laser beams aims to maintain the position of the laser beam on a Position Sensing Device (PSD) despite the effects of noise and active disturbances. The FOPID controller is well known for its simplicity with better tuning flexibility along with robustness to noise and output disturbance rejections. Thus, a control strategy based on FOPID to achieve the control objectives has been proposed. The FOPID gains and differentiation orders are optimally tuned in order to fulfill the robustness design specifications by solving a nonlinear optimization problem. A comparison to the conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and robust PID is also provided from simulation and experiment set-up. Due to sensor noise, practical PID controllers that filter the position signal before taking the derivative have been also proposed. Experimental results show that the requirements are totally met for the laser beam platform to be stabilized.

Optimal Self-Tuning PID Controller Based on Low Power Consumption for a Server Fan Cooling System.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Chengming; Chen, Rongshun

2015-05-20

Recently, saving the cooling power in servers by controlling the fan speed has attracted considerable attention because of the increasing demand for high-density servers. This paper presents an optimal self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, combining a PID neural network (PIDNN) with fan-power-based optimization in the transient-state temperature response in the time domain, for a server fan cooling system. Because the thermal model of the cooling system is nonlinear and complex, a server mockup system simulating a 1U rack server was constructed and a fan power model was created using a third-order nonlinear curve fit to determine the cooling power consumption by the fan speed control. PIDNN with a time domain criterion is used to tune all online and optimized PID gains. The proposed controller was validated through experiments of step response when the server operated from the low to high power state. The results show that up to 14% of a server's fan cooling power can be saved if the fan control permits a slight temperature response overshoot in the electronic components, which may provide a time-saving strategy for tuning the PID controller to control the server fan speed during low fan power consumption.

Optimal Self-Tuning PID Controller Based on Low Power Consumption for a Server Fan Cooling System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chengming Lee

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Recently, saving the cooling power in servers by controlling the fan speed has attracted considerable attention because of the increasing demand for high-density servers. This paper presents an optimal self-tuning proportional-integral-derivative (PID controller, combining a PID neural network (PIDNN with fan-power-based optimization in the transient-state temperature response in the time domain, for a server fan cooling system. Because the thermal model of the cooling system is nonlinear and complex, a server mockup system simulating a 1U rack server was constructed and a fan power model was created using a third-order nonlinear curve fit to determine the cooling power consumption by the fan speed control. PIDNN with a time domain criterion is used to tune all online and optimized PID gains. The proposed controller was validated through experiments of step response when the server operated from the low to high power state. The results show that up to 14% of a server’s fan cooling power can be saved if the fan control permits a slight temperature response overshoot in the electronic components, which may provide a time-saving strategy for tuning the PID controller to control the server fan speed during low fan power consumption.

IMC-PID-fractional-order-filter controllers design for integer order systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Maâmar, Bettayeb; Rachid, Mansouri

2014-09-01

One of the reasons of the great success of standard PID controllers is the presence of simple tuning rules, of the automatic tuning feature and of tables that simplify significantly their design. For the fractional order case, some tuning rules have been proposed in the literature. However, they are not general because they are valid only for some model cases. In this paper, a new approach is investigated. The fractional property is not especially imposed by the controller structure but by the closed loop reference model. The resulting controller is fractional but it has a very interesting structure for its implementation. Indeed, the controller can be decomposed into two transfer functions: an integer transfer function which is generally an integer PID controller and a simple fractional filter. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of an improved PSO algorithm to optimal tuning of PID gains for water turbine governor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fang Hongqing; Chen Long; Shen Zuyi

2011-01-01

In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm is proposed. Besides the individual best position and the global best position, a nominal average position of the swarm is introduced in IPSO. The performance of IPSO is compared to different PSO variants with five well-known benchmark functions. The experimental results show that the proposed IPSO algorithm improves the searching performance on the benchmark functions. And then, IPSO, as well as other PSO variants, is applied to optimal tuning of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) gains for a typical PID control system of water turbine governor. The computer simulation results of an actual hydro power plant in China show that IPSO algorithm has stable convergence characteristic and good computational ability, and it is an effective and easily implemented method for optimal tuning of PID gains of water turbine governor.

Natural variation of rice blast resistance gene Pi-d2

Science.gov (United States)

Studying natural variation of rice resistance (R) genes in cultivated and wild rice relatives can predict resistance stability to rice blast fungus. In the present study, the protein coding regions of rice R gene Pi-d2 in 35 rice accessions of subgroups, aus (AUS), indica (IND), temperate japonica (...

Design of a PID Controller for a PCR Micro Reactor

Science.gov (United States)

Dinca, M. P.; Gheorghe, M.; Galvin, P.

2009-01-01

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in process control, and consequently they are described in most of the textbooks on automatic control. However, rather than presenting the overall design process, the examples given in such textbooks are intended to illuminate specific focused aspects of selection, tuning and…

The Parrot UAV Controlled by PID Controllers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Koszewnik Andrzej

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the process of modeling and designing control laws for four-rotor type of the Parrot UAV. The state space model is obtained by using several phenomena like gyroscopic effects for rigid bodies, propellers and rotors. The obtained model has been used to design PID control laws for roll, pitch, yaw angle and altitude, respectively. The numerical simulations of the closed loop model are shown that system in satisfy way stabilize flight of the quadro-rotor in all considered directions.

Renforcer la capacité de réagir aux épidémies en Afrique | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En 2014, l'épidémie d'Ebola en Afrique de l'Ouest a coûté la vie à des dizaines de milliers de personnes, en particulier en Guinée, au Liberia et en Sierra Leone. L'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a déclaré que cette épidémie constituait la plus grave urgence de santé publique depuis la découverte du VIH.

A Hybrid MPC-PID Control System Design for the Continuous Purification and Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maitraye Sen

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In this work, a hybrid MPC (model predictive control-PID (proportional-integral-derivative control system has been designed for the continuous purification and processing framework of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs. The specific unit operations associated with the purification and processing of API have been developed from first-principles and connected in a continuous framework in the form of a flowsheet model. These integrated unit operations are highly interactive along with the presence of process delays. Therefore, a hybrid MPC-PID is a promising alternative to achieve the desired control loop performance as mandated by the regulatory authorities. The integrated flowsheet model has been simulated in gPROMSTM (Process System Enterprise, London, UK. This flowsheet model has been linearized in order to design the control scheme. The ability to track the set point and reject disturbances has been evaluated. A comparative study between the performance of the hybrid MPC-PID and a PID-only control scheme has been presented. The results show that an enhanced control loop performance can be obtained under the hybrid control scheme and demonstrate that such a scheme has high potential in improving the efficiency of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations.

DIRC-based PID for the EIC central detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dzhygadlo, Roman; Schwarz, Carsten; Schwiening, Jochen [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany); Peters, Klaus [GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt (Germany); Goethe-Universitaet Frankfurt (Germany); Collaboration: DIRC at EIC RD-Collaboration

2015-07-01

One of the key requirements for the central detector of a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is to provide radially compact Particle Identification (PID) (e/π,π/K,K/p) over a wide momentum range. It is expected that the PID system will need to include one or more Cherenkov counters to achieve this goal. With a radial size of only a few cm, a DIRC counter (Detector of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) is potentially an attractive option. The DIRC rate at EIC R and D Collaboration was formed by groups in the United States and Germany in 2011 with funding from DOE to investigate ways to extend the momentum coverage of DIRC counters for the EIC detector by up to 50% beyond the current state of the art. Possible design improvements include a complex focusing system, multi-anode sensors with smaller pixels, a time-based reconstruction algorithm, and chromatic dispersion mitigation. Both Geant and ray-tracing simulations are used to optimize the design configuration of the DIRC counter in terms of the performance and the best integration with the EIC detector. We discuss the current status of the design studies and the possible improvements to the Cherenkov angle resolution and the photon yield.

PID Controller of Sprayer Chassis by Sliding Mode

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hua Zhang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In order to solve the straight line drive coordinated control problem of the four-wheel independent drive sprayer chassis, the dynamic model of sprayer chassis and electromagnetic proportional valve controlled hydraulic motor model are established. The additional yaw moment is designed to rectify the deviation with sliding mode variable structure control. PID control strategy is used to calculate the control voltage adjustment of the electromagnetic proportional valve. The simulation results show that the accumulative deviation of the chassis is 0.2 m out of 100 m when the coordinated control strategy is adopted on different adhesive coefficient pavement, which is much smaller than the value without control. The test results of test prototype show that the yaw acceleration of the chassis can be as low as −0.0132 m/s2 on different adhesive coefficient pavement with coordinated control, which is smaller than the value without control, and the straight line drive requirements are met. It is feasible to combine sliding mode variable structure with PID control and use the electromagnetic proportional control technology in the straight line drive coordinated control of sprayer chassis by adding the yaw moment to rectify the deviation of chassis based on the yaw acceleration detection.

Speed response of brushless DC motor using fuzzy PID controller under varying load condition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akash Varshney

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The increasing trend towards usage of precisely controlled, high torque, efficient and low noise motors for dedicated applications has attracted the attention of researcher in Brushless DC (BLDC motors. BLDC motors can act as an acceptable alternative to the conventional motors like Induction Motors, Switched Reluctance Motors etc. This paper presents a detailed study on the performance of a BLDC motor supplying different types of loads, and at the same time, deploying different control techniques. An advance Fuzzy PID controller is compared with the commonly used PID controller. The load variations considered are of the most common types, generally encountered in practice. A comparison has been carried out in this paper by observing the dynamic speed response of motor at the time of application as well as at the time of removal of the load. The BLDC motors suffer from a major drawback of having jerky behaviour at the time of load removal. The study reveals that irrespective of the type of controller used, the gradual load variation produces better results as against sudden load variations. It is further observed that in addition to other dynamic features, the jerks produced at the time of load removal also get improved to a large extent with Fuzzy PID controller.The speed torque characteristics unraveled the fact that the jerks are minimum at the time of gradual load removal with Fuzzy PID controller in place. An attempt has been made to define these jerks by ‘Perturbation Window’.

The performance of the DC motor by the PID controlling PWM DC-DC boost converter

OpenAIRE

Can, Erol; Sayan, Hasan Hüseyin

2017-01-01

This paper presents the PID controlling direct current (DC) to the direct current boost converter feds DC motor which has a 3.68 kW and 240 V of DC voltage input on its characteristics. What is first formed is the boost converter mathematical model at the design stage. Secondly, a mathematical model of the DC motor is created so that the boost converter with the machine can be established and modeled at the Matlab Simulink. The PID controller is considered for arranging a pulse width modulati...

New Algorithm for the Smoothing Speed Control of Induction Motor in Electric Car based on Self-Tuning Parameter PID-Fuzzy Logic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dedid Cahya Happyanto

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Driving system of electric car for low speed has a performance of controller that is not easily set up on large span so it does not give a comfort to passengers. The study has been tested in the bumpy road conditions, by providing disturbances in the motor load, it is to describe the condition of the road. To improve the system performance, the speed and torque controller was applied using Field Oriented Control (FOC method. In this method, On-Line Proportional Integral Derivative Fuzzy Logic Controller (PID-FLC is used to give dynamic response to the change of speed and maximum torque on the electric car and this results the smooth movement on every change of car performance both in fast and slow movement when breaking action is taken. Optimization of membership functions in Fuzzy PID controller is required to obtain a new PID parameter values which is done in autotuning in any changes of the input or disturbance. PID parameter tuning in this case using the Ziegler-Nichols method based on frequency response. The mechanism is done by adjusting the PID parameters and the strengthening of the system output. The test results show that the controller Fuzzy Self-Tuning PID appropriate for Electric cars because they have a good response about 0.85% overshoot at to changes in speed and braking of electric cars.

Hybrid solar-electric oven construction prototype; Construccion de prototipo de horno hibrido solar-electrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez Roman, M. A; Pineda Pinon, J; Arcos Pichardo, A [CICATA, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro (Mexico)

2013-03-15

The oven construction consists of a solar collector system of cylindrical parabolic type, a heating through electrical resistance and a curing chamber. The warm fluid is air, which is injected into the chamber through forced draft. The temperature required in the system is within a range of 150 to 300 degrees Celsius. [Spanish] La construccion del horno consta de un sistema de captacion solar del tipo cilindrico parabolico, un sistema de calentamiento a traves de resistencias electricas y una camara de curado. El fluido a calentar es aire, el cual es inyectado dentro de la camara a traves de tiro forzado. La temperatura solicitada en el sistema es dentro de un rango de 150 a 300 grados centigrados.

Experimental results on the design for the APS PID global orbit control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Y.; Kirchman, J. A.

1997-01-01

The Advanced Photon Source third generation synchrotrons light source needs a stabilized particle beam position to produce high brightness and low emittance radiation. Global orbit correction control is introduced and is utilized to satisfy the demanding needs of the accelerator. This paper presents the experimental results for determining an effective and optimal controller to meet the global orbit correction requirements. These requirements include frequency/time domain demands consisting of vibrational noise attenuation, limiting of controller gains for stability and improving the system time response. Experiments were conducted with a digital signal processor implementing various PID sets to make comparisons between simulations and experiments. Measurements at these PID sets supported the results of software simulation

Optimal Design for PID Controller Based on DE Algorithm in Omnidirectional Mobile Robot

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wu Peizhang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper introduces a omnidirectional mobile robot based on Mecanum wheel, which is used for conveying heavy load in a small space of the automatic warehousing logistics center. Then analyzes and establishes the omnidirectional chassis inverse and forward kinematic model. In order to improve the performance of motion, the paper proposes the optimal PID controller based on differential evolution algorithm. Finally, through MATLAB simulation, the results show that the kinematic model of mobile robot chassis is correct, further more the controller optimized by the DE algorithm working better than the traditional Z-N PID tuned. So the optimal scheme is reasonable and feasible, which has a value for engineering applications.

Performance study of SOL&PID system for the degradation of Acid Red 26 and 4-Chlorophenol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Li; Cui, Lingyun; Huang, Qunwu; Wang, Yiping; Vivar, Marta; Jin, Yanchao; Sun, Yong; Cui, Yong; Fan, Jiangyang

2017-01-01

Highlights: • A new water purification system with solar and UV-LED powered by PV was proposed. • UV-LED was driven by PV directly without any transformation. • More than 92% of P_m generated by PV was used to drive UV-LED array. • Visible and near-infra light was converted to UV via PV and UV-LED. • The flowing water makes PV and LED work at lower temperature. - Abstract: To increase the photocatalytic reaction rate and make full use of electricity generated by photovoltaics (PV), a water purification system (SOL&PID) with solar and ultraviolet-light emitting diode (UV-LED) powered by a hybrid PV photocatalytic reactor was designed and tested in this paper. The SOL&PID system is based on Solar Water Purification and Renewable Electricity Generation system (SOLWAT). Photovoltaic and photocatalytic performances of SOL&PID system were evaluated in comparison with SOLWAT by the degradation of Acid Red 26 (AR 26) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using suspended TiO_2. To assess the directly-coupled performance between PV and UV-LED array, the power consumption percentage of UV-LED array from the maximum output power of PV was analyzed. The results show an adequate coupling between the UV-LED array and the photovoltaics. More than 92% of the maximum output power generated by PV modules is used to drive the LED array. The photocatalytic reaction rate constants in SOL&PID system increase respectively 29–37% and 31–78% during AR 26 and 4-CP experiments, in comparison with SOLWAT system. Besides, the SOL&PID system achieved lower solar module temperature and lower UV-LED pin temperature than the reference systems by the addition of flow channel.

Air Compressor Pressure Control System Based On Gearshift Integral PID Controller

OpenAIRE

PAN Chunyue

2017-01-01

The application of gearshift integral PID controller to air compressor pressure control system is introduced, Its kernel is single chip microcomputer PIC16F877.The design of hardware and solfware are introduced too. Practical application shows that this system has many advantages.

Neuron-Adaptive PID Based Speed Control of SCSG Wind Turbine System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shan Zuo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In searching for methods to increase the power capacity of wind power generation system, superconducting synchronous generator (SCSG has appeared to be an attractive candidate to develop large-scale wind turbine due to its high energy density and unprecedented advantages in weight and size. In this paper, a high-temperature superconducting technology based large-scale wind turbine is considered and its physical structure and characteristics are analyzed. A simple yet effective single neuron-adaptive PID control scheme with Delta learning mechanism is proposed for the speed control of SCSG based wind power system, in which the RBF neural network (NN is employed to estimate the uncertain but continuous functions. Compared with the conventional PID control method, the simulation results of the proposed approach show a better performance in tracking the wind speed and maintaining a stable tip-speed ratio, therefore, achieving the maximum wind energy utilization.

Research on frequency control strategy of interconnected region based on fuzzy PID

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yan; Li, Chunlan

2018-05-01

In order to improve the frequency control performance of the interconnected power grid, overcome the problems of poor robustness and slow adjustment of traditional regulation, the paper puts forward a frequency control method based on fuzzy PID. The method takes the frequency deviation and tie-line deviation of each area as the control objective, takes the regional frequency deviation and its deviation as input, and uses fuzzy mathematics theory, adjusts PID control parameters online. By establishing the regional frequency control model of water-fire complementary power generation in MATLAB, the regional frequency control strategy is given, and three control modes (TBC-FTC, FTC-FTC, FFC-FTC) are simulated and analyzed. The simulation and experimental results show that, this method has better control performance compared with the traditional regional frequency regulation.

Total OH reactivity measurements using a new fast Gas Chromatographic Photo-Ionization Detector (GC-PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Sinha

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The primary and most important oxidant in the atmosphere is the hydroxyl radical (OH. Currently OH sinks, particularly gas phase reactions, are poorly constrained. One way to characterize the overall sink of OH is to measure directly the ambient loss rate of OH, the total OH reactivity. To date, direct measurements of total OH reactivity have been either performed using a Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF system ("pump-and-probe" or "flow reactor" or the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM with a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS. Both techniques require large, complex and expensive detection systems. This study presents a feasibility assessment for CRM total OH reactivity measurements using a new detector, a Gas Chromatographic Photoionization Detector (GC-PID. Such a system is smaller, more portable, less power consuming and less expensive than other total OH reactivity measurement techniques.

Total OH reactivity is measured by the CRM using a competitive reaction between a reagent (here pyrrole with OH alone and in the presence of atmospheric reactive molecules. The new CRM method for total OH reactivity has been tested with parallel measurements of the GC-PID and the previously validated PTR-MS as detector for the reagent pyrrole during laboratory experiments, plant chamber and boreal field studies. Excellent agreement of both detectors was found when the GC-PID was operated under optimum conditions. Time resolution (60–70 s, sensitivity (LOD 3–6 s⁻¹ and overall uncertainty (25% in optimum conditions for total OH reactivity were similar to PTR-MS based total OH reactivity measurements. One drawback of the GC-PID system was the steady loss of sensitivity and accuracy during intensive measurements lasting several weeks, and a possible toluene interference. Generally, the GC-PID system has been shown to produce closely comparable results to the PTR-MS and thus in suitable environments (e.g. forests it

Analisis Penalaan Kontrol PID pada Simulasi Kendali Kecepatan Putaran Motor DC Berbeban menggunakan Metode Heuristik

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WALUYO WALUYO

2017-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Motor DC banyak digunakan di industri kecil dan besar.Kecepatan motor DC sering tidak stabil akibat gangguan dari luar maupun perubahan parameter dan torsi beban sehingga perlu dilakukan rancangan kontroler.Kontroler yang dirancang menggunakan PID yang terdiri dari tiga jenis cara pengaturan yang dikombinasikan, yaitu kontrol P (Proportional, kontrol I (Integral dan kontrol D (Derivatif.Kontroler yang dirancang disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak. Hasil simulasi menunjukan kontroler PID untuk kendali kecepatan motor DC ini menghasilkan kondisi robust (kokoh saat nilai Kp = 1,1, Ti = 0,1, Td = 3,7. Hasil dari parameter kendali yang dirancang memiliki error steady state 0,99 % dan dengan settling time 3,7 detik pada rise time 2,00 detik dan nilai peak terletak pada 0,99. Kecepatan awal yang dihasilkan mendekati set point yang diinginkan pada detik ke 6 dan kecepatannya tidak ada penurunan atau tetap konstan sampai dengan detik ke 100. Kata kunci : Motor DC, PID, Heuristik, Steady State, Rise Time   ABSTRACT DC motors are widely used in small and large industries. Their speeds are often unstable due to interference from outside or change the parameters and load torque, so that it was necessary to design a controller. The controller was designed using a PIDconsists of three types of arrangements, which are mutually combined way, namely the control P (Proportional, control I (Integral and control D (Derivative. The controllers were designed using software for simulation. The simulation results showed the PID controller for DC motor speed control produced robust conditionswhen the value of Kp, Ti and Tdwere 1.1,  0.1 and 3.7 respectively. The results of the control parameters had error steady state 0.99 % and the settling time of 3.7 seconds at 2.0 sec rise time and the peak value was 0,99. The resulted initial velocity was very fast to approach the desired set point in the sixth second and its speed was remain constant until 100

Analisis Penalaan Kontrol PID pada Simulasi Kendali Kecepatan Putaran Motor DC Berbeban menggunakan Metode Heuristik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WALUYO WALUYO

2013-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Motor DC banyak digunakan di industri kecil dan besar.Kecepatan motor DC sering tidak stabil akibat gangguan dari luar maupun perubahan parameter dan torsi beban sehingga perlu dilakukan rancangan kontroler.Kontroler yang dirancang menggunakan PID yang terdiri dari tiga jenis cara pengaturan yang dikombinasikan, yaitu kontrol P (Proportional, kontrol I (Integral dan kontrol D (Derivatif.Kontroler yang dirancang disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak. Hasil simulasi menunjukan kontroler PID untuk kendali kecepatan motor DC ini menghasilkan kondisi robust (kokoh saat nilai Kp = 1,1, Ti = 0,1, Td = 3,7. Hasil dari parameter kendali yang dirancang memiliki error steady state 0,99 % dan dengan settling time 3,7 detik pada rise time 2,00 detik dan nilai peak terletak pada 0,99. Kecepatan awal yang dihasilkan mendekati set point yang diinginkan pada detik ke 6 dan kecepatannya tidak ada penurunan atau tetap konstan sampai dengan detik ke 100. Kata kunci: Motor DC, PID, Heuristik, Steady State, Rise Time   ABSTRACT DC motors are widely used in small and large industries. Their speeds are often unstable due to interference from outside or change the parameters and load torque, so that it was necessary to design a controller. The controller was designed using a PIDconsists of three types of arrangements, which are mutually combined way, namely the control P (Proportional, control I (Integral and control D (Derivative. The controllers were designed using software for simulation. The simulation results showed the PID controller for DC motor speed control produced robust conditionswhen the value of Kp, Ti and Tdwere 1.1,  0.1 and 3.7 respectively. The results of the control parameters had error steady state 0.99 % and the settling time of 3.7 seconds at 2.0 sec rise time and the peak value was 0,99. The resulted initial velocity was very fast to approach the desired set point in the sixth second and its speed was remain constant until 100

Derivatizations for improved detection of alcohols by gas chromatography and photoionization detection (GC-PID)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krull, I.S.; Swartz, M.; Driscoll, J.N.

1984-01-01

Pentafluorophenyldimethylsilyl chloride (flophemesyl chloride, Fl) is a well known derivatization reagent for improved electron capture detection (ECD) in gas chromatography (GC)(GC-ECD), but it has never been utilized for improved detectability and sensitivity in GC-photoionization detection (GC-PID). A wide variety of flophemesyl alcohol derivatives have been used in order to show a new approach for realizing greatly reduced minimum detection limits (MDL) of virtually all alcohol derivatives in GC-PID analysis. This particular derivatization approach is inexpensive and easy to apply, leading to quantitative or near 100% conversion of the starting alcohols to the expected flophemesyl ethers (silyl ethers). Detection limits can be lowered by 2-3 orders of magnitude for such derivatives when compared with the starting alcohols, along with calibration plots that are linear over 5-7 orders of magnitude. Specific GC conditions have been developed for many flophemesyl derivatives, in all cases using packed columns. Both ECD and PID relative response factors (RRFs) and normalized RRFs have been determined, and such ratios can now be used for improved analytic identification from complex sample matrices, where appropriate. 28 references, 2 figures, 5 tables

Digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for high-speed scanning probe microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Dukic, Maja; Todorov, Vencislav; Andany, Santiago; Nievergelt, Adrian P.; Yang, Chen; Hosseini, Nahid; Fantner, Georg E.

2017-12-01

Nearly all scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) contain a feedback controller, which is used to move the scanner in the direction of the z-axis in order to maintain a constant setpoint based on the tip-sample interaction. The most frequently used feedback controller in SPMs is the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The bandwidth of the PI controller presents one of the speed limiting factors in high-speed SPMs, where higher bandwidths enable faster scanning speeds and higher imaging resolution. Most SPM systems use digital signal processor-based PI feedback controllers, which require analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. These converters introduce additional feedback delays which limit the achievable imaging speed and resolution. In this paper, we present a digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The controller implementation allows tunability of the PID gains over a large amplification and frequency range, while also providing precise control of the system and reproducibility of the gain parameters. By using the analog PID controller, we were able to perform successful atomic force microscopy imaging of a standard silicon calibration grating at line rates up to several kHz.

Tuning of PID controller for an automatic regulator voltage system using chaotic optimization approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos Coelho, Leandro dos

2009-01-01

Despite the popularity, the tuning aspect of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers is a challenge for researchers and plant operators. Various controllers tuning methodologies have been proposed in the literature such as auto-tuning, self-tuning, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and optimization methods. Chaotic optimization algorithms as an emergent method of global optimization have attracted much attention in engineering applications. Chaotic optimization algorithms, which have the features of easy implementation, short execution time and robust mechanisms of escaping from local optimum, is a promising tool for engineering applications. In this paper, a tuning method for determining the parameters of PID control for an automatic regulator voltage (AVR) system using a chaotic optimization approach based on Lozi map is proposed. Since chaotic mapping enjoys certainty, ergodicity and the stochastic property, the proposed chaotic optimization introduces chaos mapping using Lozi map chaotic sequences which increases its convergence rate and resulting precision. Simulation results are promising and show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Numerical simulations based on proposed PID control of an AVR system for nominal system parameters and step reference voltage input demonstrate the good performance of chaotic optimization.

Coordinating IMC-PID and adaptive SMC controllers for a PEMFC.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Guo-Liang; Wang, Yong; Shi, Jun-Hai; Shao, Hui-He

2010-01-01

For a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) power plant with a methanol reformer, the process parameters and power output are considered simultaneously to avoid violation of the constraints and to keep the fuel cell power plant safe and effective. In this paper, a novel coordinating scheme is proposed by combining an Internal Model Control (IMC) based PID Control and adaptive Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The IMC-PID controller is designed for the reformer of the fuel flow rate according to the expected first-order dynamic properties. The adaptive SMC controller of the fuel cell current has been designed using the constant plus proportional rate reaching law. The parameters of the SMC controller are adaptively tuned according to the response of the fuel flow rate control system. When the power output controller feeds back the current references to these two controllers, the coordinating controllers system works in a system-wide way. The simulation results of the PEMFC power plant demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 2009 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel interval type-2 fractional order fuzzy PID controller: Design, performance evaluation, and its optimal time domain tuning.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Anupam; Kumar, Vijay

2017-05-01

In this paper, a novel concept of an interval type-2 fractional order fuzzy PID (IT2FO-FPID) controller, which requires fractional order integrator and fractional order differentiator, is proposed. The incorporation of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2FLC) with fractional controller of PID-type is investigated for time response measure due to both unit step response and unit load disturbance. The resulting IT2FO-FPID controller is examined on different delayed linear and nonlinear benchmark plants followed by robustness analysis. In order to design this controller, fractional order integrator-differentiator operators are considered as design variables including input-output scaling factors. A new hybridized algorithm named as artificial bee colony-genetic algorithm (ABC-GA) is used to optimize the parameters of the controller while minimizing weighted sum of integral of time absolute error (ITAE) and integral of square of control output (ISCO). To assess the comparative performance of the IT2FO-FPID, authors compared it against existing controllers, i.e., interval type-2 fuzzy PID (IT2-FPID), type-1 fractional order fuzzy PID (T1FO-FPID), type-1 fuzzy PID (T1-FPID), and conventional PID controllers. Furthermore, to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, the perturbed processes along with the larger dead time are tested. Moreover, the proposed controllers are also implemented on multi input multi output (MIMO), coupled, and highly complex nonlinear two-link robot manipulator system in presence of un-modeled dynamics. Finally, the simulation results explicitly indicate that the performance of the proposed IT2FO-FPID controller is superior to its conventional counterparts in most of the cases. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel optimization algorithm based on epsilon constraint-RBF neural network for tuning PID controller in decoupled HVAC system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Attaran, Seyed Mohammad; Yusof, Rubiyah; Selamat, Hazlina

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Decoupling of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system is presented. • RBF models were identified by Epsilon constraint method for temperature and humidity. • Control settings derived from optimization of the decoupled model. • Epsilon constraint-RBF based on PID controller was implemented to keep thermal comfort and minimize energy. • Enhancements of controller parameters of the HVAC system are desired. - Abstract: The energy efficiency of a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system optimized using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) combined with the epsilon constraint (EC) method is reported. The new method adopts the advanced algorithm of RBFNN for the HVAC system to estimate the residual errors, increase the control signal and reduce the error results. The objective of this study is to develop and simulate the EC-RBFNN for a self tuning PID controller for a decoupled bilinear HVAC system to control the temperature and relative humidity (RH) produced by the system. A case study indicates that the EC-RBFNN algorithm has a much better accuracy than optimization PID itself and PID-RBFNN, respectively.

Design of a fractional order PID controller for hydraulic turbine regulating system using chaotic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Zhihuan; Yuan, Xiaohui; Ji, Bin; Wang, Pengtao; Tian, Hao

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Multi-objective optimization based fractional order controller is designed for HTRS. • NSGAII is improved by iterative chaotic map with infinite collapses (ICMIC) operator. • ISE and ITSE are as chosen as objective functions in tuning parameters of HTRS. • FOPID controller outperforms the PID controller under various running conditions. • Trade-off between speed of reference tracking and damping of oscillation are shown. - Abstract: Fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of traditional PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared to the traditional PID controller, in FOPID controller, the order of derivative portion and integral portion is not integer, which provides more flexibility in achieving control objectives. Design stage of such an FOPID controller consists of determining five parameters, i.e. proportional, integral and derivative gains {Kp, Ki, Kd}, and extra integration and differentiation orders {λ,μ}, which has a large difference comparing with the conventional PID tuning rules, thus a suitable optimization algorithm is essential to the parameters tuning of FOPID controller. This paper focuses on the design of the FOPID controller using chaotic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) for hydraulic turbine regulating system (HTRS). The parameters chosen of the FOPID controller is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, in which the objective functions are composed by the integral of the squared error (ISE) and integral of the time multiplied squared error (ITSE). The chaotic NSGAII algorithm, which is an incorporation of chaotic behaviors into NSGAII, is used as the optimizer to search true Pareto-front of the FOPID controller and designers can implement each of them based on objective functions priority. The designed chaotic NSGAII based FOPID controller procedure is applied to a HTRS system. A comparison study between the optimum integer order PID controller and optimum

Sistema de Reconocimiento de Caracteres Orientado a Sistemas Android

OpenAIRE

Segura Morales, Oriol; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Escola d'Enginyeria

2014-01-01

Este proyecto trata sobre un sistema de reconocimiento de caracteres que se implementa para sistemas Android en forma de aplicación para móvil y Tablet. La aplicación está orientada para que los niños aprendan a escribir de una forma más amena. El sistema utiliza el patrón de diseño Modelo-Vista-Controlador para separar la lógica del sistema de la interfaz visual. En la interfaz, el sistema pide que se escriba un carácter utilizando la pantalla táctil y una vez el usuario lo ha escrito el sis...

Air Compressor Pressure Control System Based On Gearshift Integral PID Controller

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PAN Chunyue

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The application of gearshift integral PID controller to air compressor pressure control system is introduced, Its kernel is single chip microcomputer PIC16F877.The design of hardware and solfware are introduced too. Practical application shows that this system has many advantages.

PID temperature controller in pig nursery: spatial characterization of thermal environment

Science.gov (United States)

de Souza Granja Barros, Juliana; Rossi, Luiz Antonio; Menezes de Souza, Zigomar

2018-05-01

The use of enhanced technologies of temperature control can improve the thermal conditions in environments of livestock facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the thermal environment variables in a pig nursery with a heating system with two temperature control technologies based on the geostatistical analysis. The following systems were evaluated: overhead electrical resistance with Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller and overhead electrical resistance with a thermostat. We evaluated the climatic variables: dry bulb temperature (Tbs), air relative humidity (RH), temperature and humidity index (THI), and enthalpy in the winter, at 7:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h. The spatial distribution of these variables was mapped by kriging. The results showed that the resistance heating system with PID controllers improved the thermal comfort conditions in the pig nursery in the coldest hours, maintaining the spatial distribution of the air temperature more homogeneous in the pen. During the hottest weather, neither system provided comfort.

PID temperature controller in pig nursery: spatial characterization of thermal environment

Science.gov (United States)

de Souza Granja Barros, Juliana; Rossi, Luiz Antonio; Menezes de Souza, Zigomar

2017-11-01

The use of enhanced technologies of temperature control can improve the thermal conditions in environments of livestock facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the thermal environment variables in a pig nursery with a heating system with two temperature control technologies based on the geostatistical analysis. The following systems were evaluated: overhead electrical resistance with Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller and overhead electrical resistance with a thermostat. We evaluated the climatic variables: dry bulb temperature (Tbs), air relative humidity (RH), temperature and humidity index (THI), and enthalpy in the winter, at 7:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h. The spatial distribution of these variables was mapped by kriging. The results showed that the resistance heating system with PID controllers improved the thermal comfort conditions in the pig nursery in the coldest hours, maintaining the spatial distribution of the air temperature more homogeneous in the pen. During the hottest weather, neither system provided comfort.

UAV Controller Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and PID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Moltajaei Farid

2013-01-01

Full Text Available ANFIS is combining a neural network with a fuzzy system results in a hybrid neuro-fuzzy system, capable of reasoning and learning in an uncertain and imprecise environment. In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS is employed to control an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV.  First, autopilots structure is defined, and then ANFIS controller is applied, to control UAVs lateral position. The results of ANFIS and PID lateral controllers are compared, where it shows the two controllers have similar results. ANFIS controller is capable to adaptation in nonlinear conditions, while PID has to be tuned to preserves proper control in some conditions. The simulation results generated by Matlab using Aerosim Aeronautical Simulation Block Set, which provides a complete set of tools for development of six degree-of-freedom. Nonlinear Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle model with ANFIS controller is simulated to verify the capability of the system. Moreover, the results are validated by FlightGear flight simulator.

Thermostatic system of sensor in NIR spectrometer based on PID control

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhihong; Qiao, Liwei; Ji, Xufei

2016-11-01

Aiming at the shortcomings of the primary sensor thermostatic control system in the near infrared (NIR) spectrometer, a novel thermostatic control system based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control technology was developed to improve the detection precision of the NIR spectrometer. There were five parts including bridge amplifier circuit, analog-digital conversion (ADC) circuit, microcontroller, digital-analog conversion (DAC) circuit and drive circuit in the system. The five parts formed a closed-loop control system based on PID algorithm that was used to control the error between the temperature calculated by the sampling data of ADC and the designed temperature to ensure the stability of the spectrometer's sensor. The experimental results show that, when the operating temperature of sensor is -11°, compared with the original system, the temperature control precision of the new control system is improved from ±0.64° to ±0.04° and the spectrum signal to noise ratio (SNR) is improved from 4891 to 5967.

PID temperature controller in pig nursery: spatial characterization of thermal environment.

Science.gov (United States)

de Souza Granja Barros, Juliana; Rossi, Luiz Antonio; Menezes de Souza, Zigomar

2017-11-28

The use of enhanced technologies of temperature control can improve the thermal conditions in environments of livestock facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the thermal environment variables in a pig nursery with a heating system with two temperature control technologies based on the geostatistical analysis. The following systems were evaluated: overhead electrical resistance with Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controller and overhead electrical resistance with a thermostat. We evaluated the climatic variables: dry bulb temperature (Tbs), air relative humidity (RH), temperature and humidity index (THI), and enthalpy in the winter, at 7:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h. The spatial distribution of these variables was mapped by kriging. The results showed that the resistance heating system with PID controllers improved the thermal comfort conditions in the pig nursery in the coldest hours, maintaining the spatial distribution of the air temperature more homogeneous in the pen. During the hottest weather, neither system provided comfort.

An Application for the Improvement of the Transportation System of the Flour in a Grain Mill using "PID Compact"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugen Răduca

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The paper presents an application based on a PLC Simatic S7-1200, using the "PID_Compact" logical function, which can be used for the improvement of control systems. We also present a practical application: a system for the improvement of the transportation system of the flour in a grain mill using "PID Compact" .

A comparison of fuzzy logic-PID control strategies for PWR pressurizer control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kavaklioglu, K.; Ikonomopoulos, A.

1993-01-01

This paper describes the results obtained from a comparison performed between classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic (FL) controlling the pressure in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The two methodologies have been tested under various transient scenarios, and their performances are evaluated with respect to robustness and on-time response to external stimuli. One of the main concerns in the safe operation of PWR is the pressure control in the primary side of the system. In order to maintain the pressure in a PWR at the desired level, the pressurizer component equipped with sprayers, heaters, and safety relief valves is used. The control strategy in a Westinghouse PWR is implemented with a PID controller that initiates either the electric heaters or the sprayers, depending on the direction of the coolant pressure deviation from the setpoint

The hierarchical expert tuning of PID controllers using tools of soft computing.

Science.gov (United States)

Karray, F; Gueaieb, W; Al-Sharhan, S

2002-01-01

We present soft computing-based results pertaining to the hierarchical tuning process of PID controllers located within the control loop of a class of nonlinear systems. The results are compared with PID controllers implemented either in a stand alone scheme or as a part of conventional gain scheduling structure. This work is motivated by the increasing need in the industry to design highly reliable and efficient controllers for dealing with regulation and tracking capabilities of complex processes characterized by nonlinearities and possibly time varying parameters. The soft computing-based controllers proposed are hybrid in nature in that they integrate within a well-defined hierarchical structure the benefits of hard algorithmic controllers with those having supervisory capabilities. The controllers proposed also have the distinct features of learning and auto-tuning without the need for tedious and computationally extensive online systems identification schemes.

Control del Formaldehído, Xileno y Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles mediante el Sistema Integral de Friocongelación y Fotocatalización

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Mileida Andreina Peñalver Paolini

Full Text Available RESUMEN Antecedentes: En anatomía patológica, existen variedad de agentes químicos que deben ser controlados. Por su potencial cancerígeno destacan el Formaldehído (CH2O, Xileno y los Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COVs. Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia del uso de purificadores mediante la fotocatalización y los sistemas de friocongelación, para el control de los niveles de exposición a CH2O, Xileno y COVs. Objetivo Secundario: Comparar mediciones de Formaldehído con otros 3 hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid. Metodología: Se realizaron 26 mediciones ambientales en Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada (HUF, en febrero del año 2017 y en marzo del mismo año, posterior a la instalación de los purificadores y sistemas de friocongelación, en las áreas de laboratorio y sala de tallado. Se valora Xileno y COVs con el método PID (detector de fotoionización, PID por sus siglas en inglés, PhotoIonization Detector y de CH2O a través de un Sistema de Detección de Gas. Como criterio para valorar la exposición a COVs se tomó como gas de referencia el isobutileno con un VLA-EC de 100 ppm. Para el Xileno se compararon los resultados con el VLA-EC 100 ppm y para el CH2O con el VLA-EC de 0,3 ppm, establecidos en la guía de «Límites de Exposición Profesional para Agentes Químicos» del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo. Resultados: Los niveles de exposición previos no superaban los valores límites. Se observó que tras la implantación de las medidas preventivas colectivas estos valores disminuyeron, obteniéndose resultados estadísticamente significativos: COVs (p= 0.0002; IC 95% 2.393- 5.506, Xileno (p= 0.0002; IC 95% 1.021- 2.359 y CH2O (p= 0.0004; IC 95% 0.210-0.350. Conclusiones: El sistema integral de friocongelación y purificación mediante fotocatalización optimizan el control de la exposición a dichos agentes químicos, anulando las fuentes de emisión.

System for studies of control strategies applied in the refrigerated chambers Sistema para estudos de estratégias de controle aplicadas em câmaras frias

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Alexandre Tizzei

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The process of cold storage chambers contributes largely to the quality and longevity of stored products. In recent years, it has been intensified the study of control strategies in order to decrease the temperature change inside the storage chamber and to reduce the electric power consumption. This study has developed a system for data acquisition and process control, in LabVIEW language, to be applied in the cooling system of a refrigerating chamber of 30m³. The use of instrumentation and the application developed fostered the development of scientific experiments, which aimed to study the dynamic behavior of the refrigeration system, compare the performance of control strategies and the heat engine, even due to the controlled temperature, or to the electricity consumption. This system tested the strategies for on-off control, PID and fuzzy. Regarding power consumption, the fuzzy controller showed the best result, saving 10% when compared with other tested strategies.O processo de armazenamento refrigerado em câmaras contribui, em grande parte, para a qualidade e a longevidade dos produtos. Nos últimos anos, têm-se intensificado os estudos de estratégias de controle com a finalidade de diminuir a variação da temperatura dentro da câmara de armazenamento e de reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido um sistema para aquisição de dados e controle do processo, em linguagem LabVIEW, para ser aplicado no sistema de refrigeração de uma câmara frigorífica de 30m³. A utilização da instrumentação e do aplicativo desenvolvido possibilitou a realização de experimentos científicos, com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento dinâmico do sistema de refrigeração, comparar o desempenho das estratégias de controle da máquina térmica, tanto em função da temperatura controlada, quanto ao consumo de energia elétrica. Neste sistema, foram testadas as estratégias de controle liga-desliga, PID e fuzzy. Em

An Improved PID Algorithm Based on Insulin-on-Board Estimate for Blood Glucose Control with Type 1 Diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Ruiqiang; Li, Chengwei

2015-01-01

Automated closed-loop insulin infusion therapy has been studied for many years. In closed-loop system, the control algorithm is the key technique of precise insulin infusion. The control algorithm needs to be designed and validated. In this paper, an improved PID algorithm based on insulin-on-board estimate is proposed and computer simulations are done using a combinational mathematical model of the dynamics of blood glucose-insulin regulation in the blood system. The simulation results demonstrate that the improved PID algorithm can perform well in different carbohydrate ingestion and different insulin sensitivity situations. Compared with the traditional PID algorithm, the control performance is improved obviously and hypoglycemia can be avoided. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, in silico testing is done using the UVa/Padova virtual patient software.

Site characterization for hybrid system construction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana, R.; Miranda, U.; Medrano, M. C. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1997-12-31

aplicaciones incluyen sistemas centralizados o descentralizados sistemas autonomos o hibridos, aislados o interconectados a la linea electrica, etc. Se puede hacer un diseno de un sistema hibrido en particular considerando dos aspectos generales, primero, es necesario conocer el consumo electrico que sera proporcionado, tomando en cuenta necesidades presentes y futuras y como estan presentes los recursos energeticos locales en un sitio seleccionado. Finalmente, tambien es necesario efectuar un analisis economico para determinar el costo del kilowatt-hora generado usando recursos energeticos locales y compararlo con el costo de la electricidad producida por sistemas de potencia convencionales.

Site characterization for hybrid system construction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saldana, R; Miranda, U; Medrano, M C [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1998-12-31

aplicaciones incluyen sistemas centralizados o descentralizados sistemas autonomos o hibridos, aislados o interconectados a la linea electrica, etc. Se puede hacer un diseno de un sistema hibrido en particular considerando dos aspectos generales, primero, es necesario conocer el consumo electrico que sera proporcionado, tomando en cuenta necesidades presentes y futuras y como estan presentes los recursos energeticos locales en un sitio seleccionado. Finalmente, tambien es necesario efectuar un analisis economico para determinar el costo del kilowatt-hora generado usando recursos energeticos locales y compararlo con el costo de la electricidad producida por sistemas de potencia convencionales.

Two degree of freedom internal model control-PID design for LFC of power systems via logarithmic approximations.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Jay; Chattterjee, Kalyan; Vishwakarma, C B

2018-01-01

Load frequency controller has been designed for reduced order model of single area and two-area reheat hydro-thermal power system through internal model control - proportional integral derivative (IMC-PID) control techniques. The controller design method is based on two degree of freedom (2DOF) internal model control which combines with model order reduction technique. Here, in spite of taking full order system model a reduced order model has been considered for 2DOF-IMC-PID design and the designed controller is directly applied to full order system model. The Logarithmic based model order reduction technique is proposed to reduce the single and two-area high order power systems for the application of controller design.The proposed IMC-PID design of reduced order model achieves good dynamic response and robustness against load disturbance with the original high order system. Copyright © 2018 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of PD/PID controller for insulin control on blood glucose regulation in a Type-I diabetes

Science.gov (United States)

Mahmud, Farhanahani; Isse, Nadir Hussien; Daud, Nur Atikah Mohd; Morsin, Marlia

2017-01-01

This project introduces a simulation of Proportional-Derivative (PD) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on a virtual Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patient: Hovorka diabetic model using MATLAB-Simulink software. The results of these simulations are based on three tuning responses for each controller which are fast, slow and oscillation responses. The main purpose of this simulation is to achieve an acceptable stability and fastness response towards the regulation of glucose concentration using PD and PID controller response with insulin infusion rate. Therefore, in order to analyze and compare the responses of both controller performances, one-day simulations of the insulin-glucose dynamic have been conducted using a typical day meal plan that contains five meals of different bolus size. It is found that the PID closed-loop control with a short rise time is required to retrieve a satisfactory glucose regulation.

Two-degree-of-freedom fractional order-PID controllers design for fractional order processes with dead-time.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Mingjie; Zhou, Ping; Zhao, Zhicheng; Zhang, Jinggang

2016-03-01

Recently, fractional order (FO) processes with dead-time have attracted more and more attention of many researchers in control field, but FO-PID controllers design techniques available for the FO processes with dead-time suffer from lack of direct systematic approaches. In this paper, a simple design and parameters tuning approach of two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) FO-PID controller based on internal model control (IMC) is proposed for FO processes with dead-time, conventional one-degree-of-freedom control exhibited the shortcoming of coupling of robustness and dynamic response performance. 2-DOF control can overcome the above weakness which means it realizes decoupling of robustness and dynamic performance from each other. The adjustable parameter η2 of FO-PID controller is directly related to the robustness of closed-loop system, and the analytical expression is given between the maximum sensitivity specification Ms and parameters η2. In addition, according to the dynamic performance requirement of the practical system, the parameters η1 can also be selected easily. By approximating the dead-time term of the process model with the first-order Padé or Taylor series, the expressions for 2-DOF FO-PID controller parameters are derived for three classes of FO processes with dead-time. Moreover, compared with other methods, the proposed method is simple and easy to implement. Finally, the simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Laser therapy in women genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection complicated with PID and infertility

Science.gov (United States)

Brinzan, Daniela; Paiusan, Lucian; Smeu, Claudia-Ramona

2018-04-01

Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections with more than 50 million new cases occurred globally every year. Underdiagnosed and untreated, it can generate long term severe complications including PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. Among 20 patients diagnosed with PID and infertility in our medical office during one year, we selected a study group of 10 patients with genital Chlamydia Trachomatis infection. The diagnostic methods used were anamnesis, clinical examination, Pap smear, bacteriological and serological tests, ultra sound examination. The group of patients selected was monitored for one year. The treatment took into account general measures for both partners and specific measures (antibiotic treatment and focused laser therapy). The initial group was split in two, group A treated only with antibiotics and group B treated with both antibiotics and laser therapy. All the 5 patients of group B presented an improvement of the clinical manifestations and 3 of them ended up with pregnancy. On the other hand, in group B, only one patient manifested total disappearance of pains and the infertility persisted for all. It is noteworthy that the association of laser therapy in the treatment of Chlamydia Trachomatis infection has brought significant improvement in the inflammatory processes of internal genitalia (PID) and in the fertility of the couple.

Distrustful, Conventional, Entitled, and Dysregulated: PID-5 Personality Facets Predict Hostile Masculinity and Sexual Violence in Community Men.

Science.gov (United States)

Russell, Tiffany D; King, Alan R

2017-01-01

Psychopathy and narcissism are known predictors of sexual violence, but they are broad personality constructs with limited utility in intervention and prevention efforts. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) assesses 25 specific personality facets residing in five higher order domains. The goal of this research was to test the PID-5 in a sexual aggression model, which also included hostile masculinity, juvenile delinquency, and five sexual assault indices. A nationwide sample of adult men ( N = 512) completed the online survey. Hostile masculinity and juvenile delinquency were expected to have direct paths to sexual violence in a structural equation model. Hostile masculinity was also hypothesized as a mediator between sexual violence and PID-5 facets related to narcissism and psychopathy. These hypotheses were largely supported. Overall, 29.5% of men reported perpetrating sexual violence at least once, and 24.2% reported multiple assaults. In the sexually violent sample, 45.7% endorsed completed rape as their most severe act. PID-5 Suspiciousness, Cognitive and Perceptual Dysregulation, Grandiosity, and a lack of Eccentricity emerged as indirect predictors of sexual violence. These PID-5 facets were mediated by hostile masculinity, which had a reliable path to sexual violence. Juvenile delinquency had a direct and indirect path to sexual assault. The model accounted for 48% of the variance in latent sexual violence, and the five sexual violence index R 2 s ranged from .53 to .82. This research adds specificity to sexual violence models by demonstrating the underlying maladaptive personality trait structures associated with sexual assault. It also provides a more precise personality profile for clinical use and prevention programs.

A brief description of Polanco`s hybrid system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, Ventura [Instituto de Ingenieria Electrica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo (Uruguay)

1997-12-31

Since 1995, a hybrid system wind - PV is in service in Polanco, Uruguay. A brief description of this system and the criteria employed in its design are outlined. The experience obtained during two years operation are described from the points of view of the equipment reliability and of the electrical service provided. Future prospects of this kind of installations in Uruguay as part of the rural electrification policy are presented. [Espanol] Desde 1995 esta en servicio en Polanco, Uruguay un sistema hibrido viento-fotovoltaico. Aqui se describe brevemente este sistema y el criterio empleado en su diseno. Se describe la experiencia obtenida durante dos anos de operacion desde el punto de vista de confiabilidad de los equipos y del servicio electrico proporcionado. Se presentan prospectos futuros de esta clase de instalaciones en Uruguay, como parte de la politica de electrificacion rural.

A brief description of Polanco`s hybrid system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, Ventura [Instituto de Ingenieria Electrica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo (Uruguay)

1998-12-31

Since 1995, a hybrid system wind - PV is in service in Polanco, Uruguay. A brief description of this system and the criteria employed in its design are outlined. The experience obtained during two years operation are described from the points of view of the equipment reliability and of the electrical service provided. Future prospects of this kind of installations in Uruguay as part of the rural electrification policy are presented. [Espanol] Desde 1995 esta en servicio en Polanco, Uruguay un sistema hibrido viento-fotovoltaico. Aqui se describe brevemente este sistema y el criterio empleado en su diseno. Se describe la experiencia obtenida durante dos anos de operacion desde el punto de vista de confiabilidad de los equipos y del servicio electrico proporcionado. Se presentan prospectos futuros de esta clase de instalaciones en Uruguay, como parte de la politica de electrificacion rural.

[Validation of a French translation of Krueger's personality inventory for DSM-5 in its brief form (PID-5 BF)].

Science.gov (United States)

Combaluzier, S; Gouvernet, B; Menant, F; Rezrazi, A

2018-02-01

Since the publication of the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), the dimensional conception of the personality disorders is co-existing with the classical categorical paradigm. Tools have been proposed for the evaluations of five big pathological factors to be explored further according to the APA (negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism). Despite numerous works using these questionnaires (30 works in 3 years according to Al-Adjani et al., 2015), none of them have yet been translated into French. Also, the main objective of the paper is to present a French translation of the Personality Inventory for DSM -5 by Kruegger et al. (2013) in its brief form of 25 items (PID-5 BF). To reach this goal, we have employed the classic translation-retranslation method (Vallerand, 1989) and tested the consistence and the validity of this French version among a non-clinical sample (n=216) of young adults (age=31.4, SD=4.8), in joining some other questionnaires in their short forms to study the external validity of the PID-5 about the psychological distress (SCL-10, Nguyen, 1983), the categorical diagnosis of personality disorders (SAPAS, Moran et al., 2003) and the classical Big Five dimensions of the personality (BDI 10, Ramamstedt and John, 2007). The internal consistency of this translation has been studied through the classical outcomes on factor analysis for the dimensional repartitions of the items in 5 scales and Cronbach's alpha for the consistency of each found dimensions. The external validity has been explored by studying Pearson's correlations between the outcomes on each dimension of the PID-5 BF and both the clinical dimensions of SCL-10, personality dimensions of the BFI-10 or personality disorders (SAPAS). Factor analysis led to the same repartition of the 25 items as the original versions. Each of the dimensions is consistent enough (α>.65) to be taken into account as clinically significant. The items of the French version of the PID-5 BF follow

PID Testing Method Suitable for Process Control of Solar Cells Mass Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xianfang Gou

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Voltage bias of several hundred volts which are applied between solar cells and module frames may lead to significant power losses, so-called potential-induced degradation (PID, in normal photovoltaic (PV installations system. Modules and minimodules are used to conduct PID test of solar cells. The test procedure is time consuming and of high cost, which cannot be used as process monitoring method during solar cells fabrication. In this paper, three kinds of test including minimodule, Rsh, and V-Q test are conducted on solar cells or wafers with SiNx of different refractive index. All comparisons between test results of Rsh, V-Q, and minimodule tests have shown equal results. It is shown that Rsh test can be used as quality inspection of solar cells and V-Q test of coated wafer can be used as process control of solar cells.

Demonstrative fractional order - PID controller based DC motor drive on digital platform.

Science.gov (United States)

Khubalkar, Swapnil W; Junghare, Anjali S; Aware, Mohan V; Chopade, Amit S; Das, Shantanu

2017-09-21

In industrial drives applications, fractional order controllers can exhibit phenomenal impact due to realization through digital implementation. Digital fractional order controllers have created wide scope as it possess the inherent advantages like robustness against the plant parameter variation. This paper provides brief design procedure of fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller through the indirect approach of approximation using constant phase technique. The new modified dynamic particle swarm optimization (IdPSO) technique is proposed to find controller parameters. The FO-PID controller is implemented using floating point digital signal processor. The building blocks are designed and assembled with all peripheral components for the 1.5kW industrial DC motor drive. The robust operation for parametric variation is ascertained by testing the controller with two separately excited DC motors with the same rating but different parameters. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control of a Quadrotor Using a Smart Self-Tuning Fuzzy PID Controller

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Deepak Gautam

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the modelling, simulation-based controller design and path planning of a four rotor helicopter known as a quadrotor. All the drags, aerodynamic, coriolis and gyroscopic effect are neglected. A Newton-Euler formulation is used to derive the mathematical model. A smart self-tuning fuzzy PID controller based on an EKF algorithm is proposed for the attitude and position control of the quadrotor. The PID gains are tuned using a self-tuning fuzzy algorithm. The self-tuning of fuzzy parameters is achieved based on an EKF algorithm. A smart selection technique and exclusive tuning of active fuzzy parameters is proposed to reduce the computational time. Dijkstra's algorithm is used for path planning in a closed and known environment filled with obstacles and/or boundaries. The Dijkstra algorithm helps avoid obstacle and find the shortest route from a given initial position to the final position.

Perancangan dan Implementasi Kontroler PID Gain Scheduling untuk Gerakan Lateral Way-to-Way Point pada UAV Quadcopter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tri Awan Nusa Putra

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Quadcopter diharapkan dapat bergerak secara lincah dan efektif menyusuri lintasan horisontal. Berdasar hukum fisisnya, gerak lateral dapat terjadi karena adanya daya angkat dan terjadinya perubahan sudut dari quadcopter tersebut. Mengacu pada hal tersebut, sudut-sudut gerak pada quadcopterakan menjadi parameter untuk gerak maju atau menyamping yang secara langsung juga berpengaruh pada gerak vertikal. Pada saat proses hoveratau melayang, adalah saat yang paling riskan pada quadcopter. Sehinga pengaturan hover dari quadcopter menjadi prioritas pada riset ini, karena apabila terjadi kesalahan hoverakan menyebabkan perubahan gerak terhadap sumbu X, Y maupun Z. Pada tugas akhir ini digunakan kontroler PID dan metode gainscheduling dengan nilai parameter penguatan yang diperoleh secara eksperimental untuk pengaturan gerak lateral menyusuri lintasan. Apabila menggunakan metode PID biasa, maka diperoleh penurunan ketinggian yang drastis hingga 50% dari total ketinggian quadcopter, namun apabila menggunakan metode PID GainScheduling, pada simulasi hanya terjadi penurunan ketinggian sebesar 0,35% dan saat implementasi mengalami sekitar 10% dari total ketinggian yang dicapai.

Optimal Design and Tuning of PID-Type Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Delta Parallel Robots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xingguo Lu

2016-05-01

Full Text Available In this work, we propose a new method for the optimal design and tuning of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative type (PID-type interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller (IT2 FLC for Delta parallel robot trajectory tracking control. The presented methodology starts with an optimal design problem of IT2 FLC. A group of IT2 FLCs are obtained by blurring the membership functions using a variable called blurring degree. By comparing the performance of the controllers, the optimal structure of IT2 FLC is obtained. Then, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to tune the scaling factors of the PID-type IT2 FLC. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II is adopted to solve the constrained nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem. Simulation results of the optimized controller are presented and discussed regarding application in the Delta parallel robot. The proposed method provides an effective way to design and tune the PID-type IT2 FLC with a desired control performance.

A novel multi-drive electric vehicle system control based on multi-input multi-output PID controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gasbaoui Brahim

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In-wheel-motor drive electric vehicle (EV is an innovative configuration of the modern EV, in which each wheel is driven individually by an electric motor. The classical traction motor control called the Independent Machine Control Structure (IMCS using a PID speed controller presents major inconveniences in modern EV safety, when the proposed control can not ensure stability of the EV with differing road topology and variations of speed. A new approach is proposed for a control of a two-in-wheel-motor drive EV, called the Maximum Control Structure MCS. This is based on a multivariable PID (MIMO-PID strategy, which is employed to estimate the linear speed error of each of the two back driving wheels, when the error of each wheel is taken into account in the other speed control computations. Simulation results show that the new control system presents increased safety for the EVs compared with the IMCS strategy and can maintain the error slip rate within the optimal range, ensuring the stability of the vehicle either in a straight or a curved line.

A comparative study of stabilizing control of a planer electromagnetic levitation using PID and LQR controllers

Science.gov (United States)

Yaseen, Mundher H. A.

Magnetic levitation is a technique to suspend an object without any mechanical support. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate stabilized closed loop control of 1-DOF Maglev experimentally using real-time control simulink feature of (SIMLAB) microcontroller. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controllers are employed to examine the stability performance of the Maglev control system under effect of unbalanced change of load and wave signal on Maglev plane. The effect of unbalanced change of applied load on single point, line and plane are presented. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of sudden change in input signal, the input of wave signal has been applied on all points of the prototype maglev plate simultaneously. The results of pulse width modulation (PWM) reveal that the control system using LQR controller provides faster response to adjust the levitated plane comparing to PID controller. Moreover, the air gap distance that controlled using PID controller is rather stable with little oscillation. Meanwhile, LQR controller provided more stability and homogeneous response.

Diseño e implementación de un sistema fuzzy-pid pera el control del ángulo de inclinación del panel solar monocristalino de 30 watt

OpenAIRE

Recalde Regalado, Néstor Xavier; Prieto Briceño, Fernando Javier

2014-01-01

In the project the difference by putting a solar panel on static mode compared with a solar panel in dynamic mode, the dynamic mode solar panel system works with a Fuzzy-PID controller is implemented in a microcontroller is shown, this control system is to position the solar panel in a good position to take advantage of solar radiation and thus, it is possible to store the energy collected by the solar panel in a battery. En el proyecto se demuestra la diferencia que existe al colocar un p...

Design of PID temperature control system based on STM32

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jianxin; Li, Hailin; Ma, Kai; Xue, Liang; Han, Bianhua; Dong, Yuemeng; Tan, Yue; Gu, Chengru

2018-03-01

A rapid and high-accuracy temperature control system was designed using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm with STM32 as micro-controller unit (MCU). The temperature control system can be applied in the fields which have high requirements on the response speed and accuracy of temperature control. The temperature acquisition circuit in system adopted Pt1000 resistance thermometer as temperature sensor. Through this acquisition circuit, the monitoring actual temperature signal could be converted into voltage signal and transmitted into MCU. A TLP521-1 photoelectric coupler was matched with BD237 power transistor to drive the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) in FTA951 module. The effective electric power of TEC was controlled by the pulse width modulation (PWM) signals which generated by MCU. The PWM signal parameters could be adjusted timely by PID algorithm according to the difference between monitoring actual temperature and set temperature. The upper computer was used to input the set temperature and monitor the system running state via serial port. The application experiment results show that the temperature control system is featured by simple structure, rapid response speed, good stability and high temperature control accuracy with the error less than ±0.5°C.

Effect of AQM-Based RLC Buffer Management on the eNB Scheduling Algorithm in LTE Network

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anup Kumar Paul

2017-09-01

Full Text Available With the advancement of the Long-Term Evolution (LTE network and smart-phones, most of today’s internet content is delivered via cellular links. Due to the nature of wireless signal propagation, the capacity of the last hop link can vary within a short period of time. Unfortunately, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP does not perform well in such scenarios, potentially leading to poor Quality of Service (QoS (e.g., end-to-end throughput and delay for the end user. In this work, we have studied the effect of Active Queue Management (AQM based congestion control and intra LTE handover on the performance of different Medium Access Control (MAC schedulers with TCP traffic by ns3 simulation. A proper AQM design in the Radio Link Control (RLC buffer of eNB in the LTE network leads to the avoidance of forced drops and link under-utilization along with robustness to a variety of network traffic-loads. We first demonstrate that the original Random Early Detection (RED linear dropping function cannot cope well with different traffic-load scenarios. Then, we establish a heuristic approach in which different non-linear functions are proposed with one parameter free to define. In our simulations, we demonstrate that the performance of different schedulers can be enhanced via proper dropping function.

Modeling and control of an electric power generation hybrid system; Modelado y control de un sistema hibrido de generacion de energia electrica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez Guzman, D; Aguilar Mejia, O; Tapia Olvera, R; Santiago Tepantlan, C. [Universidad Politecnica de Tulancingo, Huapalcalco, Hidalgo (Mexico)]. E-mail: omar.aguilar@upt.edu.mx

2013-03-15

With growing concerns on energy subject, the development of renewable energy sources is becoming more attractive. This paper presents the output power control of a wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The currents from voltage source inverter are controlled in a synchronous orthogonal dqo frame using a decoupled feed-forward control. Based on extensive simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK, it has been established that the performance of the controllers both in transient as well as in steady state is quite satisfactory. [Spanish] Con la creciente preocupacion en materia de energia, el desarrollo de fuentes de energia renovables es cada vez mas atractivo. Este trabajo presenta la regulacion de la potencia de salida de un sistema de generacion eolica basado en un generador sincrono de imanes permanentes. Las corrientes de la fuente inversora de voltaje son controladas en un marco de referencia ortogonal dqo usando un compensador por retroalimentacion en adelanto. Las simulaciones realizadas en MATLAB / Simulink, demuestran que los controladores presentan un excelente desempeno en estado transitorio, asi como en estado estacionario.

Control of baker’s yeast fermentation : PID and fuzzy algorithms

OpenAIRE

Machado, Carlos; Gomes, Pedro; Soares, Rui; Pereira, Silvia; Soares, Filomena

2001-01-01

A MATLAB/SIMULINK-based simulator was employed for studies concerning the control of baker’s yeast fed-batch fermentation. Four control algorithms were implemented and compared: the classical PID control, two discrete versions- modified velocity and position algorithms, and a fuzzy law. The simulation package was seen to be an efficient tool for the simulation and tests of control strategies of the non-linear process.

Perancangan dan Implementasi Kontroler PID untuk Pengaturan Autonomous Car-Following Car

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andreas Parluhutan Bonor Sinaga

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Pengiriman logistik ke daerah-daerah rawan bencana merupakan hal yang sangat sulit dilakukan, tentunya diperlukan pengetahuan mengenai kondisi medan jalan. Salah satu dampak yang utama adalah sulitnya melakukan manuver dalam pengendalian performansi  truk logistik yang pada umumnya berupa truk-truk gandeng. Untuk membantu pengemudi truk dalam berkendara pada kondisi tersebut, dirancang sebuah prototype mobil mandiri (Autonomous Car yang mampu melakukan manuver-manuver pergerakan secara sendirinya, salah satu manuver tersebut ialah Following Car.  Dalam Tugas Akhir ini perancangan sistem yang akan dilakukan dengan  memodelkan  dua buah kendaraan mobil RC (remote control yang bertindak sebagai  follower dan leader car. Pengoperasian dari  following car dilakukan dengan memodifikasi dari kendaraan RC-1, sedangkan RC-2 bertindak sebagai leader car yang dikondisikan secara manual. Dengan penerapan kontroler PID pada implementasi sistem didapatkan penurunan time settling menjadi 2,7 Detik dan peningkatan error steady state sebesar 2,44%. Pada implementasi diberikan kecepatan leader secara acak, dengan implementasi kontroler PID, kondisi jarak antara autonomous car dengan leader car masih dalam range keadaan ideal pada set point.

Silicon microgyroscope temperature prediction and control system based on BP neural network and Fuzzy-PID control method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia, Dunzhu; Kong, Lun; Hu, Yiwei; Ni, Peizhen

2015-01-01

We present a novel silicon microgyroscope (SMG) temperature prediction and control system in a narrow space. As the temperature of SMG is closely related to its drive mode frequency and driving voltage, a temperature prediction model can be established based on the BP neural network. The simulation results demonstrate that the established temperature prediction model can estimate the temperature in the range of −40 to 60 °C with an error of less than ±0.05 °C. Then, a temperature control system based on the combination of fuzzy logic controller and the increment PID control method is proposed. The simulation results prove that the Fuzzy-PID controller has a smaller steady state error, less rise time and better robustness than the PID controller. This is validated by experimental results that show the Fuzzy-PID control method can achieve high precision in keeping the SMG temperature stable at 55 °C with an error of less than 0.2 °C. The scale factor can be stabilized at 8.7 mV/°/s with a temperature coefficient of 33 ppm °C −1 . ZRO (zero rate output) instability is decreased from 1.10°/s (9.5 mV) to 0.08°/s (0.7 mV) when the temperature control system is implemented over an ambient temperature range of −40 to 60 °C. (paper)

Optimal control of inverted pendulum system using PID controller, LQR and MPC

Science.gov (United States)

Varghese, Elisa Sara; Vincent, Anju K.; Bagyaveereswaran, V.

2017-11-01

Inverted pendulum is a highly nonlinear system. Here we propose an optimal control technique for the control of an inverted Pendulum - cart system. The system is modeled, linearized and controlled. Here, the control objective is to control the system such that when the cart reaches a desired position the inverted pendulum stabilizes in the upright position. Initially PID controller is used to control the system. Later, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) a well-known optimal control technique which makes use of the states of the dynamical system and control input to frame the optimal control decision is used. Various combinations of both PID and LQR controllers are implemented. To validate the robustness of the controller, the system is simulated with and without disturbance. Finally the system is also controlled using Model Predictive controller (MPC). MPC has well predictive ability to calculate future events and implement necessary control actions. The performance of the system is compared and analyzed.

PID Controllers Design Applied to Positioning of Ball on the Stewart Platform

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Koszewnik Andrzej

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the design and practical implementation of PID controllers for a Stewart platform. The platform uses a resistance touch panel as a sensor and servo motors as actuators. The complete control system stabilizing the ball on the platform is realized with the Arduino microcontroller and the Matlab/Simulink software. Two processes required to acquire measurement signals from the touch panel in two perpendicular directions X and Y, are discussed. The first process includes the calibration of the touch panel, and the second process - the filtering of measurement signals with the low pass Butterworth filter. The obtained signals are used to design the algorithm of the ball stabilization by decoupling the global system into two local subsystems. The algorithm is implemented in a soft real time system. The parameters of both PID controllers (PIDx and PIDy are tuned by the trial-error method and implemented in the microcontroller. Finally, the complete control system is tested at the laboratory stand.

Non-parametric Tuning of PID Controllers A Modified Relay-Feedback-Test Approach

CERN Document Server

Boiko, Igor

2013-01-01

The relay feedback test (RFT) has become a popular and efficient  tool used in process identification and automatic controller tuning. Non-parametric Tuning of PID Controllers couples new modifications of classical RFT with application-specific optimal tuning rules to form a non-parametric method of test-and-tuning. Test and tuning are coordinated through a set of common parameters so that a PID controller can obtain the desired gain or phase margins in a system exactly, even with unknown process dynamics. The concept of process-specific optimal tuning rules in the nonparametric setup, with corresponding tuning rules for flow, level pressure, and temperature control loops is presented in the text.   Common problems of tuning accuracy based on parametric and non-parametric approaches are addressed. In addition, the text treats the parametric approach to tuning based on the modified RFT approach and the exact model of oscillations in the system under test using the locus of a perturbedrelay system (LPRS) meth...

A Family Study of the DSM-5 Section III Personality Pathology Model Using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5).

Science.gov (United States)

Katz, Andrea C; Hee, Danelle; Hooker, Christine I; Shankman, Stewart A

2017-10-03

In Section III of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) proposes a pathological personality trait model of personality disorders. The recommended assessment instrument is the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5), an empirically derived scale that assesses personality pathology along five domains and 25 facets. Although the PID-5 demonstrates strong convergent validity with other personality measures, no study has examined whether it identifies traits that run in families, another important step toward validating the DSM-5's dimensional model. Using a family study method, we investigated familial associations of PID-5 domain and facet scores in 195 families, examining associations between parents and offspring and across siblings. The Psychoticism, Antagonism, and Detachment domains showed significant familial aggregation, as did facets of Negative Affect and Disinhibition. Results are discussed in the context of personality pathology and family study methodology. The results also help validate the PID-5, given the familial nature of personality traits.

PID - 3D: a software to develop mathematical human phantoms for use in computational dosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima Filho, Jose de Melo; Vieira, Jose Wilson; Lima, Vanildo Junior de Melo; Lima, Fernando Roberto de Andrade

2009-01-01

The PID-3D software, written in Visual C++, contains tools developed for building and editing of three-dimensional geometric figures formed of voxels (volume pixels). These tools were projected to be used, together with those already developed by the Grupo de Dosimetria Numerica (GDN/CNPq), such as the FANTOMAS and DIP software, in computational dosimetry of ionizing radiation. The main objective of this paper is to develop various voxel-based geometric solids to build voxel phantoms (meaning models), anthropomorphic or not. The domain of this technique of development of geometric solids is important for the GDN/CNPq, because it allows the use of just one Monte Carlo code to simulate the transportation, interaction and deposition of radiation in tomographic and mathematical phantoms. Building a particular geometric solid the user needs to inform to the PID-3D software, the location and the size of the parallelepiped that involves it. Each built solid can be saved in a binary file of the type SGI (file containing the size and the numeric values that constitutes the 3D matrix that represents the solid, commonly used by GDN/CNPq). The final mathematical phantom is built starting from these SGI files and the SGI file resulting constitutes a voxel phantom. With this approach the software's user does not have to manipulate the equations and inequalities of the solids that represent the organs and tissues of the phantom. The 3D-PID software, associated with the FANTOMAS and DIP software are tools produced by GDN/CNPq, providing a new technique for building of 3D scenes in dosimetric evaluations using voxel phantoms. To validate the PID-3D software one built, step by step, a phantom similar to the MIRD-5 stylized phantom. (author)

Psiconeuroinmunología: Conexiones entre sistema nervioso y sistema inmune

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García López, Luis Joaquín

2008-09-01

Full Text Available La psiconeuroinmunología es una nueva parcela de la ciencia que apenas lleva tres décadas, pero que en los últimos años ha sido objeto de una enorme atención por diversos grupos de investigación. El articulo pretende exponer brevemente cómo están organizados los sistemas inmune y neuroendocrino, para después presentar los hallazgos que hasta el momento intentan dar explicación de las relaciones entre ambos con el sistema nervioso, así como las influencias de unos sobre otros, más concretamente expresar la relación entre los tres sistemas responsables de la defensa del organismo y, más ampliamente, de su mantenimiento homeostático. Cuando se trata de amenazas, el sistema nervioso central tiene que decidir qué sistema se pone en marcha, el sistema de estrés como energía para el ataque o la huida (un animal que nos quiere atacar, el sistema inmune para neutralizar el antígeno (un virus que nos quiere atacar o ambos (la energía es necesaria también para el sistema inmune. Como parece ser que en muchas ocasiones la depresión aparece tras los esfuerzos infructuosos de puesta en marcha de estrategias de afrontamiento, también hemos repasado sucintamente algunas investigaciones que relacionan al sistema inmune con la depresión, así como con los trastornos del sueño. Se finaliza con las aportaciones que la psicología puede ofrecer a nivel terapéutico.

Energy Management System Based on Fuzzy fractional order PID Controller for Transient Stability Improvement in Microgrids with Energy Storage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Moafi, Milad; Marzband, Mousa; Savaghebi, Mehdi

2016-01-01

in the islanded Microgrid (MG). To increase performance for a wide range of power system operating conditions, an energy management systems (EMS) is proposed based on a fuzzy fractional order PID (FFOPID) controller. It is able to analyze and simulate the dynamic behavior in grid connected MGs. This controller...... is proposed in the MG encompassing distributed generation resources with “plug and play” ability. The performance of FFOPID controller is verified for frequency control purposes and to support internal bus voltage in both islanded and grid connected operating modes in accordance with the failure time. Energy...... combined with a PID-controller (termed as FLPID) and Fuzzy fractional order PID (termed as FFOPID) are implemented according to the characteristics and limitations of overloading and state of charge (SOC). The obtained results show good performance of FFOPID controllers by improving the transient stability...

Comparison of Energy Consumption in the Classical (PID and Fuzzy Control of Foundry Resistance Furnace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ziółkowskia E.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Foundry resistance furnaces are thermal devices with a relatively large time delay in their response to a change in power parameters. Commonly used in automation classical PID controllers do not meet the requirements of high-quality control. Developed in recent years, fuzzy control theory is increasingly being used in various branches of economy and industry. Fuzzy controllers allow to introduce new developments in control systems of foundry furnaces as well. Correctly selected fuzzy controller can significantly reduce energy consumption in a controlled thermal process of heating equipment. The article presents a comparison of energy consumption by control system of foundry resistance furnace, equipped with either a PID controller or fuzzy controller optimally chosen.

Electrical coupling suppression and transient response improvement for a microgyroscope using ascending frequency drive with a 2-DOF PID controller

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui, J; Guo, Z Y; Yang, Z C; Hao, Y L; Yan, G Z

2011-01-01

In this paper, we demonstrate a novel control strategy for the drive mode of a microgyroscope using ascending frequency drive (AFD) with an AGC-2DOF PID controller, which drives a resonator with a modulation signal not at the resonant frequency and senses the vibration signal at the resonant frequency, thus realizing the isolation between the actual mechanical response and electrical coupling signal. This approach holds the following three advantages: (1) it employs the AFD signal instead of the resonant frequency drive signal to excite the gyroscope in the drive direction, suppressing the electrical coupling from the drive electrode to the sense electrode; (2) it can reduce the noise at low frequency and resonant frequency by shifting flicker noise to the high-frequency part; (3) it can effectively improve the performance of the transient response of the closed-loop control with a 2-DOF (degree of freedom) PID controller compared with the conventional 1-DOF PID. The stability condition of the whole loop is investigated by utilizing the averaging and linearization method. The control approach is applied to drive a lateral tuning fork microgyroscope. Test results show good agreement with the theoretical and simulation results. The non-ideal electrical antiresonance peak is removed and the resonant peak height increases by approximately 10 dB over a 400 Hz span with a flicker noise reduction of 30 dB within 100 Hz using AFD. The percent overshoot is reduced from 36.2% (1DOF PID) to 8.95% (2DOF PID, about 75.3% overshoot suppression) with 15.3% improvement in setting time

State-PID Feedback for Pole Placement of LTI Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarawut Sujitjorn

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Pole placement problems are especially important for disturbance rejection and stabilization of dynamical systems and regarded as algebraic inverse eigenvalue problems. In this paper, we propose gain formulae of state feedback through PID-elements to achieve desired pole placement for a delay-free LTI system with single input. Real and complex stable poles can be assigned with the proposed compact gain formulae. Numerical examples show that our proposed gain formulae can be used effectively resulting in very satisfactory responses.

PID Controller Design for FES Applied to Ankle Muscles in Neuroprosthesis for Standing Balance.

Science.gov (United States)

Rouhani, Hossein; Same, Michael; Masani, Kei; Li, Ya Qi; Popovic, Milos R

2017-01-01

Closed-loop controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the lower limb muscles can be used as a neuroprosthesis for standing balance in neurologically impaired individuals. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for designing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for FES applied to the ankle muscles toward maintaining standing balance for several minutes and in the presence of perturbations. First, a model of the physiological control strategy for standing balance was developed. Second, the parameters of a PID controller that mimicked the physiological balance control strategy were determined to stabilize the human body when modeled as an inverted pendulum. Third, this PID controller was implemented using a custom-made Inverted Pendulum Standing Apparatus that eliminated the effect of visual and vestibular sensory information on voluntary balance control. Using this setup, the individual-specific FES controllers were tested in able-bodied individuals and compared with disrupted voluntary control conditions in four experimental paradigms: (i) quiet-standing; (ii) sudden change of targeted pendulum angle (step response); (iii) balance perturbations that simulate arm movements; and (iv) sudden change of targeted angle of a pendulum with individual-specific body-weight (step response). In paradigms (i) to (iii), a standard 39.5-kg pendulum was used, and 12 subjects were involved. In paradigm (iv) 9 subjects were involved. Across the different experimental paradigms and subjects, the FES-controlled and disrupted voluntarily-controlled pendulum angle showed root mean square errors of controlled balance were significantly smaller or tended to be smaller than those observed with voluntarily-controlled balance, implying improved steady-state and transient responses of FES-controlled balance. At the same time, the FES-controlled balance required similar torque levels (no significant difference) as voluntarily

Implementation of PID autotuning procedure in PLC controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniun Marcin

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we present the automatic PID tuning procedure based on the Method of Moments and AMIGO tuning rules. The advantage of the Method of Moments is that the time constant and transport delay are estimated at the areas rather than on the individual points. This results in high resistance to the measurement noises. The sensitivity to measurement noises is a serious problem in other autotuning methods. The second advantage of this method is that it approximates plant during identification process to first order model with time delay. We combined the Method of Moments with the AMIGO tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. Next, we compared this method with two built-in PID autotuning procedures which were available in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of plant models: with lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated dynamics. We simulated the plants on a PC in Matlab R2013a. The connection between the PC and PLC was maintained through a National Instruments data acquisition board, NI PCI-6229. We conducted tests for step change in the set point, trajectory tracking, and load disturbances. To assess control quality, we used IAE index. We limited our research to PI algorithm. The results prove that proposed method was better than two built-in tuning methods provided by Siemens, oscillating between a few and even a dozen percent in most cases. The proposed method is universal and can be implemented in any PLC controller.

Fuzzy Logic Based Set-Point Weighting Controller Tuning for an Internal Model Control Based PID Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maruthai Suresh

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Controller tuning is the process of adjusting the parameters of the selected controller to achieve optimum response for the controlled process. For many of the control problems, a satisfactory performance is obtained by using PID controllers. One of the main problems with mathematical models of physical systems is that the parameters used in the models cannot be determined with absolute accuracy. The values of the parameters may change with time or various effects. In these cases, conventional controller tuning methods suffer when trying a lot to produce optimum response. In order to overcome these difficulties a fuzzy logic based Set- Point weighting controller tuning method is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is analyzed through computer simulation using SIMULINK software and the results are presented. The fuzzy logic based simulation results are compared with Cohen-Coon (CC, Ziegler- Nichols (ZN, Ziegler – Nichols with Set- Point weighting (ZN-SPW, Internal Model Control (IMC and Internal model based PID controller responses (IMC-PID. The effects of process modeling errors and the importance of controller tuning have been brought out using the proposed control scheme.

Performance analysis of two-degree of freedom fractional order PID controllers for robotic manipulator with payload.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Richa; Gaur, Prerna; Mittal, A P

2015-09-01

The robotic manipulators are multi-input multi-output (MIMO), coupled and highly nonlinear systems. The presence of external disturbances and time-varying parameters adversely affects the performance of these systems. Therefore, the controller designed for these systems should effectively deal with such complexities, and it is an intriguing task for control engineers. This paper presents two-degree of freedom fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (2-DOF FOPID) controller scheme for a two-link planar rigid robotic manipulator with payload for trajectory tracking task. The tuning of all controller parameters is done using cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). The performance of proposed 2-DOF FOPID controllers is compared with those of their integer order designs, i.e., 2-DOF PID controllers, and with the traditional PID controllers. In order to show effectiveness of proposed scheme, the robustness testing is carried out for model uncertainties, payload variations with time, external disturbance and random noise. Numerical simulation results indicate that the 2-DOF FOPID controllers are superior to their integer order counterparts and the traditional PID controllers. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The High Momentum Particle IDentification (HMPID) detector PID performance and its contribution to the ALICE physics program

Science.gov (United States)

Volpe, Giacomo; ALICE Collaboration

2017-12-01

The ALICE apparatus is dedicated to study the properties of strongly interacting matter under extremely high temperature and energy density conditions. For this, enhanced particle identification (PID) capabilities are required. Among the PID ALICE detectors, the ALICE-HMPID (High Momentum Particle IDentification) detector is devoted to the identification of charged hadrons, exploiting the Cherenkov effect. It consists of seven identical RICH modules, with liquid C6F14 as Cherenkov radiator (n ≈1.298 at λ=175 nm). Photon and charged particle detection is performed by a MWPC, coupled with a pad segmented CsI coated photo-cathode. The total CsI active area is 10.3 m2. The HMPID provides 3 sigma separation for pions and kaons up to pT = 3 GeV / c and for kaons and (anti-)protons up to pT = 5 GeV / c . A review of the HMPID PID performance, in particular in the challenging central Pb-Pb collisions, and its contribution to the ALICE physics program, using the LHC RUN1 (2010-2013) and RUN2 (2015) data, are presented.

BP neural network tuned PID controller for position tracking of a pneumatic artificial muscle.

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, Jizhuang; Zhong, Jun; Zhao, Jie; Zhu, Yanhe

2015-01-01

Although Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PAM) has a promising future in rehabilitation robots, it's difficult to realize accurate position control due to its highly nonlinear properties. This paper deals with position control of PAM. To describe the hysteresis inside PAM, a polynomial based phenomenological function is developed. Based on the phenomenological model for PAM and analysis of pressure dynamics within PAM, an adaptive cascade controller is proposed. Both outer loop and inner loop employ BP Neural Network tuned PID algorithm. The outer loop is to handle high nonlinearities and unmodeled dynamics of PAM, while the inner loop is responsible for nonlinearities caused by pressure dynamics. Experimental results show high tracking accuracy as compared with a convention PID controller. The proposed controller is effective in improving performance of PAM and will be implemented in a rehabilitation robot.

Hybrid system of generating electricity, solar eolic diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Sistema hibrido de generacion electrica, eolico solar diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huerta, Javier [Comision Federal de Electricidad, La Paz, Baja California Sur (Mexico); Johnston, Peter [Technology Development, Arizona (United States); Napikoski, Chester [Generation Engineering, Arizona (United States); Escutia, Ricardo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Baja California Sur (Mexico)

2000-07-01

is generated thru the selling of electric energy, guarantees the sustainable operation of the system. [Spanish] La Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), y la empresa electrica norteamericana Arizona Public Service (APS), firmaron un convenio de colaboracion para desarrollar un proyecto de generacion de energia electrica con la utilizacion de energias renovables. Las premisas que se acordaron fueron las siguientes: 1. Enfoque del proyecto hacia una comunidad rural. 2. El costo de la obra debera ser menor al de su interconexion con el sistema convencional. 3. Aceptacion por parte de la comunidad, y autoridades gubernamentales. 4. Sustentabilidad de la operacion del sistema. Se efectuaron diversos analisis tecnicos y economicos asi como la evaluacion del recurso solar y eolico, estudio de impacto ambiental, plan de negocios para obtener la aprobacion de los recursos economicos ante instancias como Niagara Mohawk (NIMO), y la USAID, mediante la supervision de los Laboratorios Nacionales de Sandia. Despues de efectuarse las mediciones anemometricas y de radiacion solar, en diversas comunidades, se considero a la comunidad de San Juanico como la mas viable; tambien los aspectos de logistica, sociales, tamano de la comunidad y como detonador para las actividades economicas como la pesca y el turismo. La APS llevo a cabo el proyecto ejecutivo de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la Comision Federal de Electricidad. El proyecto consistio basicamente en la instalacion de 10 aerogeneradores de 10 Kw. c/u, un arreglo solar de 17 Kw., un inversor de 70 Kw., un banco de baterias de 432 Kwh., mas un motogenerador diesel de emergencia de 80 Kw. Ademas de la obra civil y electromecanica. Fue necesario involucrar a la poblacion en el conocimiento y seguimiento del proyecto desde sus inicios, ya que consideramos que este factor seria indispensable para lograr el exito del mismo. Se instalaron lamparas ahorradoras de energia en viviendas y alumbrado publico para optimizar el

A GA-based PID active queue management control design for TCP/IP networks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuo, H-H; Chen, C-K; Liao, T-L [Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan (China); Yan, J-J [Department of Computer and Communication, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan (China)], E-mail: tlliao@mail.ncku.edu.tw

2008-02-15

In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller as an active queue manager for Internet routers is proposed to reduce packet loss and improve network utilization in TCP/IP networks. Based on the window-based nonlinear dynamics, the TCP network was modeled as a time-delayed system with a saturated input due to the limitations of packet-dropping probability and the effects of propagation delays in TCP networks. An improved genetic algorithm is employed to derive optimal or near optimal PID control gains such that a performance index of integrated-absolute error (IAE) in terms of the error between the router queue length and the desired queue length is minimized. The performance of the proposed control scheme was evaluated in various network scenarios via a series of numerical simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms other AQM schemes.

A GA-based PID active queue management control design for TCP/IP networks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuo, H-H; Chen, C-K; Liao, T-L; Yan, J-J

2008-01-01

In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller as an active queue manager for Internet routers is proposed to reduce packet loss and improve network utilization in TCP/IP networks. Based on the window-based nonlinear dynamics, the TCP network was modeled as a time-delayed system with a saturated input due to the limitations of packet-dropping probability and the effects of propagation delays in TCP networks. An improved genetic algorithm is employed to derive optimal or near optimal PID control gains such that a performance index of integrated-absolute error (IAE) in terms of the error between the router queue length and the desired queue length is minimized. The performance of the proposed control scheme was evaluated in various network scenarios via a series of numerical simulations. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme outperforms other AQM schemes

Explicit analytical tuning rules for digital PID controllers via the magnitude optimum criterion.

Science.gov (United States)

Papadopoulos, Konstantinos G; Yadav, Praveen K; Margaris, Nikolaos I

2017-09-01

Analytical tuning rules for digital PID type-I controllers are presented regardless of the process complexity. This explicit solution allows control engineers 1) to make an accurate examination of the effect of the controller's sampling time to the control loop's performance both in the time and frequency domain 2) to decide when the control has to be I, PI and when the derivative, D, term has to be added or omitted 3) apply this control action to a series of stable benchmark processes regardless of their complexity. The former advantages are considered critical in industry applications, since 1) most of the times the choice of the digital controller's sampling time is based on heuristics and past criteria, 2) there is little a-priori knowledge of the controlled process making the choice of the type of the controller a trial and error exercise 3) model parameters change often depending on the control loop's operating point making in this way, the problem of retuning the controller's parameter a much challenging issue. Basis of the proposed control law is the principle of the PID tuning via the Magnitude Optimum criterion. The final control law involves the controller's sampling time T s within the explicit solution of the controller's parameters. Finally, the potential of the proposed method is justified by comparing its performance with the conventional PID tuning when controlling the same process. Further investigation regarding the choice of the controller's sampling time T s is also presented and useful conclusions for control engineers are derived. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

K. Tengue

Épidémiologie diagnostic;. Traitement; ... soit 6,4 % et le traitement hormonal dans 93,1 % des cas. Le taux de décès .... avaient permis la recherche de localisation secondaire et la classi- .... de plateau technique adéquat dans nos structures.

A Novel Memristive Multilayer Feedforward Small-World Neural Network with Its Applications in PID Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhekang Dong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we present an implementation scheme of memristor-based multilayer feedforward small-world neural network (MFSNN inspirited by the lack of the hardware realization of the MFSNN on account of the need of a large number of electronic neurons and synapses. More specially, a mathematical closed-form charge-governed memristor model is presented with derivation procedures and the corresponding Simulink model is presented, which is an essential block for realizing the memristive synapse and the activation function in electronic neurons. Furthermore, we investigate a more intelligent memristive PID controller by incorporating the proposed MFSNN into intelligent PID control based on the advantages of the memristive MFSNN on computation speed and accuracy. Finally, numerical simulations have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

A novel memristive multilayer feedforward small-world neural network with its applications in PID control.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Zhekang; Duan, Shukai; Hu, Xiaofang; Wang, Lidan; Li, Hai

2014-01-01

In this paper, we present an implementation scheme of memristor-based multilayer feedforward small-world neural network (MFSNN) inspirited by the lack of the hardware realization of the MFSNN on account of the need of a large number of electronic neurons and synapses. More specially, a mathematical closed-form charge-governed memristor model is presented with derivation procedures and the corresponding Simulink model is presented, which is an essential block for realizing the memristive synapse and the activation function in electronic neurons. Furthermore, we investigate a more intelligent memristive PID controller by incorporating the proposed MFSNN into intelligent PID control based on the advantages of the memristive MFSNN on computation speed and accuracy. Finally, numerical simulations have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Efeito da genetica e dos sistemas de insensibilização eletrico e gasoso (CO2) no bem-estar e qualidade de carne de hibridos suinos.

OpenAIRE

William Bortoloni

2005-01-01

Resumo: Diversas pesquisas tem sido realizadas pela comunidade científica com o objetivo de avaliar o bem-estar de suínos durante o abate, entretanto, a maioria destes estudos não representam as condições de abate e constituição genética dos híbridos suínos produzidos e comercializados no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal, avaliar a influência da constituição genética de três híbridos suínos ( A, B e C) e dois sistemas de insensibilização (elétrico e gasoso) na qualidade ...

A Rare Case of Flare-Up of PID in Infertility Treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leena Wadhwa

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Case Presentation. Mrs. X, 35 years old, case of primary infertility, was diagnosed to have genital tuberculosis on the basis of PCR positive and hysterolaparoscopy findings and received category I ATT for 6 months. Following ATT completion, her USG revealed no evidence of tuboovarian mass or hydrosalpinx. Since her tubes were patent, she underwent 3 cycles of ovulation induction and 2 cycles of IUI. The women presented with acute PID, five days after IUI, and was conservatively managed. She again presented 24 days after IUI with persistent low grade fever and abdominal pain. Suspecting relapse of genital tuberculosis, she was started on category II ATT. She had acute episodes of high grade fever with chills 2 weeks after starting ATT and MRI revealed bilateral TO masses suggestive of pyosalpinx. Emergency laparotomy was done, pus was drained, and cyst wall was removed and HPE was suggestive of chronic inflammation with few granulation tissues. ATT was continued for one year and the woman improved. Conclusion. The possibility of flare-up of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease in treated case of tuberculosis undergoing infertility management should be kept in mind and aggressive management should be done.

Difficultés de la surveillance épidémiologique de la rougeole en Afrique : exemple de la Côte d'Ivoire

OpenAIRE

Rey, Jean-Loup; Trolet, C.; Soro, B.; Cunin, P.; Merouze, F.

1991-01-01

En zone tropicale, les cas de rougeole sont souvent sous-déclarés mais les auteurs exposent deux épidémies qui ont été considérées au début comme des manifestations de rougeole. La première épidémie s'est manifestée comme une épidémie de viroses à Chikungunya avec éruptions, hyperthermie et algies importantes, elle était due à un arbovirus Igbo-Ora. Dans l'autre cas il s'agissait d'enfants atteints d'éruptions avec hyperthermie et adénopathies évoquant la rubéole. Les auteurs évoquent la poss...

Koordinasi Optimal Capacitive Energy Storage (CES dan Kontroler PID Menggunakan Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akbar Swandaru

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Peningkatan suplai daya listrik diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daya listrik. Generator cenderung beroperasi dalam beban penuh.Hal ini berpengaruh pada keamanan generator dalam operasi sistem tenaga listrik.Salah satu masalah adalah osilasi frekuensi.Bila perubahan beban terjadi, kontroler diperlukan untuk meredam osilasi frekuensi ini.Pada tugas akhir ini diusulkan sebuah koordinasi antara Kontroler Capacitive Energy Storage (CES dan Kontroler PID. CES disini berfungsi untuk membantu kinerja Governor agar meredam osilasi frekuensi dengan cepat. Kontroler CES ini digunakan bersama dengan PID controller yang dioptimalkan dengan  Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA.

An optimal PID controller via LQR for standard second order plus time delay systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Srivastava, Saurabh; Misra, Anuraag; Thakur, S K; Pandit, V S

2016-01-01

An improved tuning methodology of PID controller for standard second order plus time delay systems (SOPTD) is developed using the approach of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and pole placement technique to obtain the desired performance measures. The pole placement method together with LQR is ingeniously used for SOPTD systems where the time delay part is handled in the controller output equation instead of characteristic equation. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated via simulation of stable open loop oscillatory, over damped, critical damped and unstable open loop systems. Results show improved closed loop time response over the existing LQR based PI/PID tuning methods with less control effort. The effect of non-dominant pole on the stability and robustness of the controller has also been discussed. Copyright © 2015 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Desain Proportional Integral Derrivative (Pid) Controller Pada Model Arm Robot Manipulator

OpenAIRE

Pratama, Adhityanendra Pandu; Munadi, Munadi

2014-01-01

Dalam rangka menuju proses industrialisasi modern di negara Indonesia, harus didukung dengan teknologi yang canggih, contoh nya adalah arm robot manipulator. sebagai pelaku proses produksi sehingga dihasilkan ketepatan,kepresisian, dan kefektifan pada proses produksi. Dengan hal tersebut dibuat sebuah desain kontrol PID pada arm robot manipulator dengan tujuan menghasilkan tingkat presisi dan kestabilan yang lebih baik. Kontroler tersebut didesain, disimulasikan, dan diaplikasikan pada ha...

Vector Control Algorithm for Electric Vehicle AC Induction Motor Based on Improved Variable Gain PID Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gang Qin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The acceleration performance of EV, which affects a lot of performances of EV such as start-up, overtaking, driving safety, and ride comfort, has become increasingly popular in recent researches. An improved variable gain PID control algorithm to improve the acceleration performance is proposed in this paper. The results of simulation with Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through the control performance of motor velocity, motor torque, and three-phase current of motor. Moreover, it is investigated that the proposed controller is valid by comparison with the other PID controllers. Furthermore, the AC induction motor experiment set is constructed to verify the effect of proposed controller.

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form (PID-5-SF): psychometric properties and association with big five traits and pathological beliefs in a Norwegian population

OpenAIRE

Thimm, Jens C.; Jordan, Stian; Bach, Bo

2016-01-01

Background With the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), an alternative model for personality disorders based on personality dysfunction and pathological personality traits was introduced. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a 220-item self-report inventory designed to assess the personality traits of this model. Recently, a short 100-item version of the PID-5 (PID-5-SF) has been developed. The aim of this study was ...

On the Robustness of Hysteretic Second-Order Systems with PID : iISS approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ouyang, Ruiyue; Jayawardhana, Bayu; Andrieu, Vincent

2012-01-01

In this paper, we study the robustness property of a second-order linear plant controlled by a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller with a hysteretic actuator. The hysteretic actuator is modeled by a Duhem model that exhibits clockwise (CW) input-output (I/O) dynamics (such as the

Supervisory System and Multivariable Control Applying Weighted Fuzzy-PID Logic in an Alcoholic Fermentation Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Mendonça

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In this work, it is analyzed a multivariate system control of an alcoholic fermentation process with no minimum phase. The control is made with PID classic controllers associated with a supervisory system based on Fuzzy Systems. The Fuzzy system, a priori, send set-points to PID controllers, but also adds protection functions, such as if the biomass valued is at zero or very close. The Fuzzy controller changes the campaign to prevent or mitigate the paralyzation of the process. Three control architectures based on Fuzzy Control Systems are presented and compared in performance with classic control in different campaigns. The third architecture, in particular, adds an adaptive function. A brief summary of Fuzzy theory and correlated works will be presented. And, finally simulations results, conclusions and future works end the article.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PID ON PIC24F SERIES MICROCONTROLLER FOR SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR USING MPLAB AND PROTEUS

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Sohaib Aslam

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Speed control of DC motor is very critical in most of the industrial systems where accuracy and protection are of essence. This paper presents the simulations of Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID on a 16-bit PIC 24F series microcontroller for speed control of a DC motor in the presence of load torque. The PID gains have been tuned by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR technique and then it is implemented on microcontroller using MPLAB and finally simulated for speed control of DC motor in Proteus Virtual System Modeling (VSM software.Proteus has built in feature to add load torque to DC motor so simulation results have been presented in three cases speed of DC motor is controlled without load torque, with 25% load torque and with 50% load torque. In all three cases PID effectively controls the speed of DC motor with minimum steady state error.

PID Controller Design for FES Applied to Ankle Muscles in Neuroprosthesis for Standing Balance

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Hossein Rouhani

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Closed-loop controlled functional electrical stimulation (FES applied to the lower limb muscles can be used as a neuroprosthesis for standing balance in neurologically impaired individuals. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for designing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID controller for FES applied to the ankle muscles toward maintaining standing balance for several minutes and in the presence of perturbations. First, a model of the physiological control strategy for standing balance was developed. Second, the parameters of a PID controller that mimicked the physiological balance control strategy were determined to stabilize the human body when modeled as an inverted pendulum. Third, this PID controller was implemented using a custom-made Inverted Pendulum Standing Apparatus that eliminated the effect of visual and vestibular sensory information on voluntary balance control. Using this setup, the individual-specific FES controllers were tested in able-bodied individuals and compared with disrupted voluntary control conditions in four experimental paradigms: (i quiet-standing; (ii sudden change of targeted pendulum angle (step response; (iii balance perturbations that simulate arm movements; and (iv sudden change of targeted angle of a pendulum with individual-specific body-weight (step response. In paradigms (i to (iii, a standard 39.5-kg pendulum was used, and 12 subjects were involved. In paradigm (iv 9 subjects were involved. Across the different experimental paradigms and subjects, the FES-controlled and disrupted voluntarily-controlled pendulum angle showed root mean square errors of <1.2 and 2.3 deg, respectively. The root mean square error (all paradigms, rise time, settle time, and overshoot [paradigms (ii and (iv] in FES-controlled balance were significantly smaller or tended to be smaller than those observed with voluntarily-controlled balance, implying improved steady-state and transient responses of FES

O přímé syntéze PID regulátorů

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Klán, Petr

2006-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 11 (2006), s. 61-64 ISSN 1210-9592 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : PID control * direct synthesis * control ler design Subject RIV: BC - Control Systems Theory http://www.odbornecasopisy.cz/index.php?id_document=31500

Performance comparison of optimal fractional order hybrid fuzzy PID controllers for handling oscillatory fractional order processes with dead time.

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Saptarshi; Pan, Indranil; Das, Shantanu

2013-07-01

Fuzzy logic based PID controllers have been studied in this paper, considering several combinations of hybrid controllers by grouping the proportional, integral and derivative actions with fuzzy inferencing in different forms. Fractional order (FO) rate of error signal and FO integral of control signal have been used in the design of a family of decomposed hybrid FO fuzzy PID controllers. The input and output scaling factors (SF) along with the integro-differential operators are tuned with real coded genetic algorithm (GA) to produce optimum closed loop performance by simultaneous consideration of the control loop error index and the control signal. Three different classes of fractional order oscillatory processes with various levels of relative dominance between time constant and time delay have been used to test the comparative merits of the proposed family of hybrid fractional order fuzzy PID controllers. Performance comparison of the different FO fuzzy PID controller structures has been done in terms of optimal set-point tracking, load disturbance rejection and minimal variation of manipulated variable or smaller actuator requirement etc. In addition, multi-objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) has been used to study the Pareto optimal trade-offs between the set point tracking and control signal, and the set point tracking and load disturbance performance for each of the controller structure to handle the three different types of processes. Copyright © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Monitoring of piglets' open field activity and choice behaviour during the replay of maternal vocalization: a comparison between Observer and PID technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Puppe, B; Schön, P C; Wendland, K

1999-07-01

The paper presents a new system for the automatic monitoring of open field activity and choice behaviour of medium-sized animals. Passive infrared motion detectors (PID) were linked on-line via a digital I/O interface to a personal computer provided with self-developed analysis software based on LabVIEW (PID technique). The set up was used for testing 18 one-week-old piglets (Sus scrofa) for their approach to their mother's nursing vocalization replayed through loudspeakers. The results were validated by comparison with a conventional Observer technique, a computer-aided direct observation. In most of the cases, no differences were seen between the Observer and PID technique regarding the percentage of stay in previously defined open field segments, the locomotor open field activity, and the choice behaviour. The results revealed that piglets are clearly attracted by their mother's nursing vocalization. The monitoring system presented in this study is thus suitable for detailed behavioural investigations of individual acoustic recognition. In general, the PID technique is a useful tool for research into the behaviour of individual animals in a restricted open field which does not rely on subjective analysis by a human observer.

Hybrid system of generating electricity, solar eolic diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Sistema hibrido de generacion electrica, eolico solar diesel San Juanico, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huerta, Javier [Comision Federal de Electricidad, La Paz, Baja California Sur (Mexico); Johnston, Peter [Technology Development, Arizona (United States); Napikoski, Chester [Generation Engineering, Arizona (United States); Escutia, Ricardo [Comision Federal de Electricidad, Baja California Sur (Mexico)

2000-07-01

that is generated thru the selling of electric energy, guarantees the sustainable operation of the system. [Spanish] La Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE), y la empresa electrica norteamericana Arizona Public Service (APS), firmaron un convenio de colaboracion para desarrollar un proyecto de generacion de energia electrica con la utilizacion de energias renovables. Las premisas que se acordaron fueron las siguientes: 1. Enfoque del proyecto hacia una comunidad rural. 2. El costo de la obra debera ser menor al de su interconexion con el sistema convencional. 3. Aceptacion por parte de la comunidad, y autoridades gubernamentales. 4. Sustentabilidad de la operacion del sistema. Se efectuaron diversos analisis tecnicos y economicos asi como la evaluacion del recurso solar y eolico, estudio de impacto ambiental, plan de negocios para obtener la aprobacion de los recursos economicos ante instancias como Niagara Mohawk (NIMO), y la USAID, mediante la supervision de los Laboratorios Nacionales de Sandia. Despues de efectuarse las mediciones anemometricas y de radiacion solar, en diversas comunidades, se considero a la comunidad de San Juanico como la mas viable; tambien los aspectos de logistica, sociales, tamano de la comunidad y como detonador para las actividades economicas como la pesca y el turismo. La APS llevo a cabo el proyecto ejecutivo de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la Comision Federal de Electricidad. El proyecto consistio basicamente en la instalacion de 10 aerogeneradores de 10 Kw. c/u, un arreglo solar de 17 Kw., un inversor de 70 Kw., un banco de baterias de 432 Kwh., mas un motogenerador diesel de emergencia de 80 Kw. Ademas de la obra civil y electromecanica. Fue necesario involucrar a la poblacion en el conocimiento y seguimiento del proyecto desde sus inicios, ya que consideramos que este factor seria indispensable para lograr el exito del mismo. Se instalaron lamparas ahorradoras de energia en viviendas y alumbrado publico para optimizar el

Load Frequency Control (LFC Menggunakan Metode Noise-Tolerable PID Feedback pada Power Generation Plant Simulator PLTU PT. Pembangkitan Jawa dan Bali (PJB Unit Pembangkitan (UP Paiton

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Rahmadhi Prihandono

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Frekuensi sebesar 50 Hz harus dijaga agar memberikan kualitas energi listrik yang baik. Pengaruh dari switching pada sisi beban akan membuat frekuensi energi listrik menjadi fluktuatif. Nilai frekuensi yang fluktuatif akan membuat fungsi derivatif pada kontroler Proportional Integral Derivative (PID menjadi sangat besar, sehingga akan mempengaruhi sinyal kontrol. Nilai tersebut memaksa aktuator bekerja sangat cepat dan akan mengurangi masa pemakaian aktuator. Penambahan filter pada kontroler PID untuk sistem pengaturan pembangkitan energi listrik mampu meredam noise yang timbul akibat fluktuasi beban. Penambahan Low Pass Filter (LPF pada sisi derivatif memberikan redaman noise begitu pula menggunakan fungsi Averaged Derivative (AD. Dengan beban acak yang dimodelkan dengan Pseudo Random Binary Sequences (PRBS, nilai kesalahan dengan perhitungan Integral Absolute Error (IAE terkecil dimiliki oleh PID dengan averaged derivative sebesar 110,246 Hz dan PID dengan low pass filter sebesar 110,486 Hz

IMPLEMENTATION OF PID ON PIC24F SERIES MICROCONTROLLER FOR SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR USING MPLAB AND PROTEUS

OpenAIRE

Sohaib Aslam; Sundas Hannan; Umar Sajjad; Waheed Zafar

2016-01-01

Speed control of DC motor is very critical in most of the industrial systems where accuracy and protection are of essence. This paper presents the simulations of Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID) on a 16-bit PIC 24F series microcontroller for speed control of a DC motor in the presence of load torque. The PID gains have been tuned by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique and then it is implemented on microcontroller using MPLAB and finally simulated for speed control of D...

Design Of A Novel Online Experiment Setup For PID Controller Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sezgin Kaçar

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In this study, an internet based remote access experiment setup was developed for induction direct current motor speed control with PID controller which can be used as a support material in engineering education. The experiment setup is wireless and communicates with the remote server using transfer control protocol/internet protocol through a wireless ADSL modem. Users can perform the experiments as real time accessing the web pages in the remote server by using any computer which has internet connection. By means of interactively-designed web pages, users can monitor the speed change executing alterations of the PID controller parameter and motor reference speed. Also users can save the measured values on their own computers. In addition to this, with the support of a webcam, the running of the experimental set can be monitored on the web page. Additionally, for the experimental set, preparing the peripheral units card, the interaction was expanded between the user and the experimental set. Relatively to this, the user can monitor the ambient temperature of the experimental set’s current place on the web page and can make his/her own message write on LCD of the experimental set and can enlighten it if he/she wants.

A fuzzy PID-controlled SMA actuator for a two-DOF joint

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Shi Zhenyun

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Shape memory alloy (SMA actuator is a potential advanced component for servo-systems of aerospace vehicles and aircraft. This paper presents a joint with two degrees of freedom (DOF and a mobility range close to ±60° when driven by SMA triple wires. The fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID-controlled actuator drive was designed using antagonistic SMA triple wires, and the resistance feedback signal made a closed loop. Experiments showed that, with the driving responding frequency increasing, the overstress became harder to be avoided at the position under the maximum friction force. Furthermore, the hysteresis gap between the heating and cooling paths of the strain-to-resistance curve expanded under this condition. A fuzzy logic control was considered as a solution, and the curves of the wires were then modeled by fitting polynomials so that the measured resistance was used directly to determine the control signal. Accurate control was demonstrated through the step response, and the experimental results showed that under the fuzzy PID-control program, the mean absolute error (MAE of the rotation angle was about 3.147°. In addition, the investigation of the external interference to the system proved the controllable maximum output.

Fractional Order PID Control of Rotor Suspension by Active Magnetic Bearings

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Parinya Anantachaisilp

2017-01-01

Full Text Available One of the key issues in control design for Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB systems is the tradeoff between the simplicity of the controller structure and the performance of the closed-loop system. To achieve this tradeoff, this paper proposes the design of a fractional order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID controller. The FOPID controller consists of only two additional parameters in comparison with a conventional PID controller. The feasibility of FOPID for AMB systems is investigated for rotor suspension in both the radial and axial directions. Tuning methods are developed based on the evolutionary algorithms for searching the optimal values of the controller parameters. The resulting FOPID controllers are then tested and compared with a conventional PID controller, as well as with some advanced controllers such as Linear Quadratic Gausian (LQG and H ∞ controllers. The comparison is made in terms of various stability and robustness specifications, as well as the dimensions of the controllers as implemented. Lastly, to validate the proposed method, experimental testing is carried out on a single-stage centrifugal compressor test rig equipped with magnetic bearings. The results show that, with a proper selection of gains and fractional orders, the performance of the resulting FOPID is similar to those of the advanced controllers.

Estudio de la respuesta de circuitos RLC a diversos tipos de señal de entrada, diseñado, construido, e implementado como un equipo autónomo de uso didáctico

OpenAIRE

Peña Estupiñan, Diana Milena

2010-01-01

En el análisis de las señales de circuitos RLC se aplican diferentes métodos para su estudio. Las instituciones de Educación Media y Universidades lo enfocan al análisis de la respuesta del circuito a la señal de onda impulso y onda cuadrada. Debido a lo apretado de los currículos y otras circunstancias, esta actividad no se realiza en clase y se deja como tarea al estudiante las respuestas de los circuitos a ondas seno, escalón y otras. El presente trabajo pretende realizar este análisis uti...

PIDs for digital content: Are they used as they should be? The example of DOI and ORCID, told from a research library perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Kraft, Angelina; Dreyer, Britta; Löwe, Peter

2017-04-01

For finding, linking and citing research content, persistent digital identifiers are the key, as a persistent identifier is a long-lasting reference to a resource. But are PIDs really used as they should be? With respect to the obstacles of the PID systems, we face a diverse landscape of stakeholders, legacy systems, competing interests and often incomprehensible messaging filled with technical jargon around PIDs. Insufficient metadata quality is another major challenge for these systems. While the principal task for service providers lies in collaborating to provide a shared and easy to use PID infrastructure, it is the key responsibility for data centers to provide rich metadata and structured access to research content. Especially metadata and structured access are imperative for the most basic services such as search, citation tracking and reuse. And of course all needs to be human- and machine interoperable, as we want our machines to be able to interpret PIDs depended on a specific use case. Since 2004, the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB) has been providing DOI services to data centers in Germany. Recent developments make clear that requirements for PIDs have changed. Science has developed a need for PIDs at multiple content levels: In addition to DOIs for journal articles and research data, PIDs for people, physical objects, collections, software, funders, organizations, expeditions, resources, instruments and even for data management plans are required to enable different platforms to exchange information consistently and unambiguously. In this work we want to emphasize on the distinct increases of total DOI registrations for research data and other research output such as images, videos or software in Germany within the past decade and how research institutes and universities differ in their DOI registration workflows. We present use cases which illustrate the deployment of DOIs e.g. for dynamic data, and demonstrate the need of

PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGATURAN PUTARAN MOTOR DC MENGGUNAKAN KONTROL PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRAL-DERIVATIVE (PID DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SENSOR KMZ51

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L Khakim

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan desain rancang bangun sistem pengendalian otomatis yang digerakkan dengan dua motor DC sehingga mampu mempertahankan kelembaman pada arahnya. Sistem otomatis ini terdiri dari sensor KMZ51 sebagai komponen feedback dan dua motor DC sebagai komponen plant. Pengujian dari sistem otomatis dibagi menjadi tiga yaitu pengujian sensor KMZ51, pengujian PWM sebagai penggerak motor DC dan pengujian performansi kontrol PID. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai ketelitian sensor 99.17%. Pada pengujian PWM diperoleh error pengukuran 1.07% dan pengujian performansi sistem didapatkan bahwa penerapan kontrol PID dapat mengatur putaran motor DC sehingga model sistem mampu mempertahankan arahnya pada set point yang telah ditentukan dengan nilai overshoot maximum kurang dari 10%, rise time 2 detik dan settling time kurang dari 5% yang diperoleh pada Kp= 27, Ki= 6, dan Kd= 40 menggunakan metode trial and error. This research is design of automatic control system which driven by two DC motors that can keep the inertia of direction. The system is composed of sensor KMZ51 as feedback component and two DC motors as plant component. Testing of the automated system divided into three, KMZ51 sensor testing, PWM testing as drive DC motors, and performance testing of PID control system. The results show that the sensor accuracy values 99.17%, on testing the PWM measurement error obtained 1.07%, and testing of performance system obtained that the application of PID control can adjust DC motors rotation so that the model system is able to maintain direction the set point specified with maximum overshoot less than 10%, rise time of 2 seconds and settling time less than 5% were obtained at Kp= 27, Ki= 6, and Kd= 40 using trial and error method

Robust nonlinear PID-like fuzzy logic control of a planar parallel (2PRP-PPR) manipulator.

Science.gov (United States)

Londhe, P S; Singh, Yogesh; Santhakumar, M; Patre, B M; Waghmare, L M

2016-07-01

In this paper, a robust nonlinear proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-like fuzzy control scheme is presented and applied to complex trajectory tracking control of a 2PRP-PPR (P-prismatic, R-revolute) planar parallel manipulator (motion platform) with three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in the presence of parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The proposed control law consists of mainly two parts: first part uses a feed forward term to enhance the control activity and estimated perturbed term to compensate for the unknown effects namely external disturbances and unmodeled dynamics, and the second part uses a PID-like fuzzy logic control as a feedback portion to enhance the overall closed-loop stability of the system. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PID position regulation in one-degree-of-freedom Euler-Lagrange systems actuated by a PMSM

Science.gov (United States)

Verastegui-Galván, J.; Hernández-Guzmán, V. M.; Orrante-Sakanassi, J.

2018-02-01

This paper is concerned with position regulation in one-degree-of-freedom Euler-Lagrange Systems. We consider that the mechanical subsystem is actuated by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Our proposal consists of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for the mechanical subsystem and a slight variation of field oriented control for the PMSM. We take into account the motor electric dynamics during the stability analysis. We present, for the first time, a global asymptotic stability proof for such a control scheme without requiring the mechanical subsystem to naturally possess viscous friction. Finally, as a corollary of our main result we prove global asymptotic stability for output feedback PID regulation of one-degree-of-freedom Euler-Lagrange systems when generated torque is considered as the system input, i.e. when the electric dynamics of PMSM's is not taken into account.

FFMPD scales: Comparisons with the FFM, PID-5, and CAT-PD-SF.

Science.gov (United States)

Crego, Cristina; Oltmanns, Joshua R; Widiger, Thomas A

2018-01-01

A series of 8 Five Factor Model Personality Disorder (FFMPD) scales have been developed to assess, from the perspective of the Five Factor Model (FFM), the maladaptive traits included within DSM-5 Section II personality disorders. An extensive body of FFMPD research has accumulated. However, for the most part, each study has been confined to the scales within 1 particular FFMPD Inventory. The current study considered 36 FFMPD scales, at least 1 from each of the 8 FFMPD inventories, including 8 scales considered to be from neuroticism, 8 from extraversion, 5 from openness, 8 from agreeableness, and 7 from conscientiousness. Their convergent, discriminant, and structural relationship with the FFM was considered, and compared with the structural relationship with the FFM obtained by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and the Computerized Adaptive Test-Personality Disorder-Static Form (CAT-PD-SF). Support for an FFM structure was obtained (albeit with agreeableness defining 1 factor and antagonism a separate factor). Similarities and differences across the FFMPD, PID-5, and CAT-PD-SF scales were highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Modelo híbrido pull-push en el sector de las telecomunicaciones

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Cristian Arlex Trejos Taborda

2016-07-01

Full Text Available La industria de las telecomunicaciones cambia rápidamente y las barreras de entrada son bajas implicando que la supervivencia en el mercado sea un verdadero desafío para las empresas. En este artículo estudia como los sistemas Pull y Push pueden ser integrados a la cadena de abastecimiento en el sector de telecomunicaciones en Colombia. Se desarrolló un modelo hibrido Pull y Push utilizando dinámica de sistemas en aras de determinar los niveles óptimos y el costo mínimo de inventario, al igual que el nivel óptimo de prestación de servicio a los clientes. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que el comportamiento del modelo híbrido permite dar respuesta a las necesidades del mercado y de la empresa a la vez, generando niveles de inventario que son mínimos y suficientes para cubrir la demanda.

en tres sistemas agroforestales

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Javier Monge Meza

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió el desarrollo inicial (30 meses del duraznillo (Prunus annularis en tres sistemas agroforestales: duraznillo-maíz (Zea mays, duraznillomenta (Satureja viminea y duraznillo-naranjilla (Solanum quitoense, en un sitio en la zona de vida Bosque muy húmedo Montano Bajo, en Costa Rica. Se utilizaron cuatro parcelas de cada sistema agroforestal, con una densidad de 722 árboles/ ha, y un sistema de siembra de árboles en forma de triángulo equilátero, entre los que se intercaló el componente agrícola respectivo de cada sistema agroforestal. La altura media alcanzada por los árboles de duraznillo fue de 226,2, 221,4 y 164,3 cm, para el sistema agroforestal duraznillo-maíz, duraznillo- menta y duraznillo-naranjilla, respectivamente. En cuanto a los volúmenes, éstos variaron entre 0,58 y 1,30 m3/ha. Hubo una diferencia significativa en altura media entre el sistema agroforestal duraznillo-maíz y duraznillo-menta con respecto al de duraznillo-naranjilla. No hubo diferencias con respecto al volumen entre los sistemas de producción

Immune defects in active mycobacterial diseases in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs

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Wen-I Lee

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Natural human immunity to the mycobacteria group, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM, and/or Salmonella species, relies on the functional IL-12/23-IFN-γ integrity of macrophages (monocyte/dendritic cell connecting to T lymphocyte/NK cells. Patients with severe forms of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs have more profound immune defects involving this impaired circuit in patients with severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID including complete DiGeorge syndrome, X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (HIGM (CD40L mutation, CD40 deficiency, immunodeficiency with or without anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (NEMO and IKBA mutations, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD and hyper IgE recurrent infection syndromes (HIES. The patients with severe PIDs have broader diverse infections rather than mycobacterial infections. In contrast, patients with an isolated inborn error of the IL-12/23-IFN-γ pathway are exclusively prone to low-virulence mycobacterial infections and nontyphoid salmonella infections, known as Mendelian susceptibility to the mycobacterial disease (MSMD phenotype. Restricted defective molecules in the circuit, including IFN-γR1, IFN-γR2, IL-12p40, IL-12R-β1, STAT-1, NEMO, IKBA and the recently discovered CYBB responsible for autophagocytic vacuole and proteolysis, and interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8 for dendritic cell immunodeficiency, have been identified in around 60% of patients with the MSMD phenotype. Among all of the patients with PIDs referred for investigation since 1985, we have identified four cases with the specific defect (IFNRG1 for three and IL12RB for one, presenting as both BCG-induced diseases and NTM infections, in addition to some patients with SCID, HIGM, CGD and HIES. Furthermore, manifestations in patients with autoantibodies to IFN-γ (autoAbs-IFN-γ, which is categorized as an anticytokine autoantibody syndrome, can resemble the relatively

Fiscatch : Creació d'una franquícia de menjar ràpid

OpenAIRE

Civit Vergés, Carles

2016-01-01

Creació d'una marca de restauració de menjar ràpid de peix i marisc a Barcelona. Construcción de una marca de franquicias de restaurantes de comida rápida de pescado y marisco en Barcelona. Brand-building a franchise fast-food restaurant chain specific for fish and seafood in Barcelona.

A Psychometric Review of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): Current Status and Future Directions.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Dajani, Nadia; Gralnick, Tara M; Bagby, R Michael

2016-01-01

The paradigm of personality psychopathology is shifting from one that is purely categorical in nature to one grounded in dimensional individual differences. Section III (Emerging Measures and Models) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), for example, includes a hybrid categorical/dimensional model of personality disorder classification. To inform the hybrid model, the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Work Group developed a self-report instrument to assess pathological personality traits-the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5). Since its recent introduction, 30 papers (39 samples) have been published examining various aspects of its psychometric properties. In this article, we review the psychometric characteristics of the PID-5 using the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing as our framework. The PID-5 demonstrates adequate psychometric properties, including a replicable factor structure, convergence with existing personality instruments, and expected associations with broadly conceptualized clinical constructs. More research is needed with specific consideration to clinical utility, additional forms of reliability and validity, relations with psychopathological personality traits using clinical samples, alternative methods of criterion validation, effective employment of cut scores, and the inclusion of validity scales to propel this movement forward.

Simulation and analysis of vertical displacement characteristics of three wheels reverse trike vehicle with PID controller application

Science.gov (United States)

Wibowo, Lambang, Lullus; Erick Chandra, N.; Muhayat, Nurul; Jaka S., B.

2017-08-01

The purpose of this research is to obtain a mathematical model (Full Vehicle Model) and compare the performance of passive and active suspension systems of a Three-Wheels Reverse Trike vehicle. Vehicle suspension system should able to provide good steering handling and passenger comfort. Vehicle suspension system generally only uses passive suspension components with fix spring and damper coefficients. An active suspension developed from the traditional (passive) suspension design can directly control the actuator force in the suspension system. In this paper, modeling and simulation of passive and active suspension system for a Full Vehicle Model is performed using Simulink-MATLAB software. Ziegler & Nichols tuning method is used to obtain controller parameters of Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. Comparison between passive and active suspension with PID controller is conducted for disturbances input of single bump road surface profile 0.1 meters. The results are the displacement and acceleration of the vehicle body in the vertical direction of active suspension system with PID control is better in providing handling capabilities and comfort for the driver than of passive suspension system. The acceleration of 1,8G with the down time of 2.5 seconds is smaller than the acceleration of 2.5G with down time of 5.5 seconds.

A Fast Elitism Gaussian Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and Application for PID Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qingyang Xu

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA is an intelligent optimization algorithm based on the probability statistics theory. A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm (FEGEDA is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. The parameters of Gaussian come from the statistical information of the best individuals by fast learning rule. A fast learning rule is used to enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, and an elitism strategy is used to maintain the convergent performance. The performances of the algorithm are examined based upon several benchmarks. In the simulations, a one-dimensional benchmark is used to visualize the optimization process and probability model learning process during the evolution, and several two-dimensional and higher dimensional benchmarks are used to testify the performance of FEGEDA. The experimental results indicate the capability of FEGEDA, especially in the higher dimensional problems, and the FEGEDA exhibits a better performance than some other algorithms and EDAs. Finally, FEGEDA is used in PID controller optimization of PMSM and compared with the classical-PID and GA.

A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm and application for PID optimization.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Qingyang; Zhang, Chengjin; Zhang, Li

2014-01-01

Estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is an intelligent optimization algorithm based on the probability statistics theory. A fast elitism Gaussian estimation of distribution algorithm (FEGEDA) is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian probability model is used to model the solution distribution. The parameters of Gaussian come from the statistical information of the best individuals by fast learning rule. A fast learning rule is used to enhance the efficiency of the algorithm, and an elitism strategy is used to maintain the convergent performance. The performances of the algorithm are examined based upon several benchmarks. In the simulations, a one-dimensional benchmark is used to visualize the optimization process and probability model learning process during the evolution, and several two-dimensional and higher dimensional benchmarks are used to testify the performance of FEGEDA. The experimental results indicate the capability of FEGEDA, especially in the higher dimensional problems, and the FEGEDA exhibits a better performance than some other algorithms and EDAs. Finally, FEGEDA is used in PID controller optimization of PMSM and compared with the classical-PID and GA.

PSO-tuned PID controller for coupled tank system via priority-based fitness scheme

Science.gov (United States)

Jaafar, Hazriq Izzuan; Hussien, Sharifah Yuslinda Syed; Selamat, Nur Asmiza; Abidin, Amar Faiz Zainal; Aras, Mohd Shahrieel Mohd; Nasir, Mohamad Na'im Mohd; Bohari, Zul Hasrizal

2015-05-01

The industrial applications of Coupled Tank System (CTS) are widely used especially in chemical process industries. The overall process is require liquids to be pumped, stored in the tank and pumped again to another tank. Nevertheless, the level of liquid in tank need to be controlled and flow between two tanks must be regulated. This paper presents development of an optimal PID controller for controlling the desired liquid level of the CTS. Two method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm will be tested in optimizing the PID controller parameters. These two methods of PSO are standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Priority-based Fitness Scheme in Particle Swarm Optimization (PFPSO). Simulation is conducted within Matlab environment to verify the performance of the system in terms of settling time (Ts), steady state error (SSE) and overshoot (OS). It has been demonstrated that implementation of PSO via Priority-based Fitness Scheme (PFPSO) for this system is potential technique to control the desired liquid level and improve the system performances compared with standard PSO.

Adaptive PID and Model Reference Adaptive Control Switch Controller for Nonlinear Hydraulic Actuator

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Xin Zuo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Nonlinear systems are modeled as piecewise linear systems at multiple operating points, where the operating points are modeled as switches between constituent linearized systems. In this paper, adaptive piecewise linear switch controller is proposed for improving the response time and tracking performance of the hydraulic actuator control system, which is essentially piecewise linear. The controller composed of PID and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC adaptively chooses the proportion of these two components and makes the designed system have faster response time at the transient phase and better tracking performance, simultaneously. Then, their stability and tracking performance are analyzed and evaluated by the hydraulic actuator control system, the hydraulic actuator is controlled by the electrohydraulic system, and its model is built, which has piecewise linear characteristic. Then the controller results are compared between PID and MRAC and the switch controller designed in this paper is applied to the hydraulic actuator; it is obvious that adaptive switch controller has better effects both on response time and on tracking performance.

Firefly algorithm optimized fuzzy PID controller for AGC of multi-area multi-source power systems with UPFC and SMES

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Pratap Chandra Pradhan

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper, a Firefly Algorithm (FA optimized fuzzy PID controller is proposed for Automatic Generation Control (AGC of multi-area multi-source power system. Initially, a two area six units power system is used and the gains of the fuzzy PID controller are optimized employing FA optimization technique using an ITAE criterion. The superiority of the proposed FA optimized fuzzy PID controller has been demonstrated by comparing the results with some recently published approaches such as optimal control and Differential Evolution (DE optimized PID controller for the identical interconnected power system. Then, physical constraints such as Time Delay (TD, reheat turbine and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC are included in the system model and the superiority of FA is demonstrated by comparing the results over DE, Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA and Genetic Algorithm (GA optimization techniques for the same interconnected power system. Additionally, a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC is placed in the tie-line and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES units are considered in both areas. Simulation results show that the system performances are improved significantly with the proposed UPFC and SMES units. Sensitivity analysis of the system is performed by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. It is observed that the optimum gains of the proposed controller need not be reset even if the system is subjected to wide variation in loading condition and system parameters. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller design is verified by considering different types of load patterns.

Implementation of an advanced hybrid MPC-PID control system using PAT tools into a direct compaction continuous pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing pilot plant.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Ravendra; Sahay, Abhishek; Karry, Krizia M; Muzzio, Fernando; Ierapetritou, Marianthi; Ramachandran, Rohit

2014-10-01

It is desirable for a pharmaceutical final dosage form to be manufactured through a quality by design (QbD)-based approach rather than a quality by testing (QbT) approach. An automatic feedback control system coupled with PAT tools that is part of the QbD paradigm shift, has the potential to ensure that the pre-defined end product quality attributes are met in a time and cost efficient manner. In this work, an advanced hybrid MPC-PID control architecture coupled with real time inline/online monitoring tools and principal components analysis (PCA) based additional supervisory control layer has been proposed for a continuous direct compaction tablet manufacturing process. The advantages of both MPC and PID have been utilized in a hybrid scheme. The control hardware and software integration and implementation of the control system has been demonstrated using feeders and blending unit operation of a continuous tablet manufacturing pilot plant and an NIR based PAT tool. The advanced hybrid MPC-PID control scheme leads to enhanced control loop performance of the critical quality attributes in comparison to a regulatory (e.g. PID) control scheme indicating its potential to improve pharmaceutical product quality. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The drug-minded protein interaction database (DrumPID) for efficient target analysis and drug development.

Science.gov (United States)

Kunz, Meik; Liang, Chunguang; Nilla, Santosh; Cecil, Alexander; Dandekar, Thomas

2016-01-01

The drug-minded protein interaction database (DrumPID) has been designed to provide fast, tailored information on drugs and their protein networks including indications, protein targets and side-targets. Starting queries include compound, target and protein interactions and organism-specific protein families. Furthermore, drug name, chemical structures and their SMILES notation, affected proteins (potential drug targets), organisms as well as diseases can be queried including various combinations and refinement of searches. Drugs and protein interactions are analyzed in detail with reference to protein structures and catalytic domains, related compound structures as well as potential targets in other organisms. DrumPID considers drug functionality, compound similarity, target structure, interactome analysis and organismic range for a compound, useful for drug development, predicting drug side-effects and structure-activity relationships.Database URL:http://drumpid.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

A Low Cost Mobile Robot Based on Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control System and Odometer for Education

Science.gov (United States)

Haq, R.; Prayitno, H.; Dzulkiflih; Sucahyo, I.; Rahmawati, E.

2018-03-01

In this article, the development of a low cost mobile robot based on PID controller and odometer for education is presented. PID controller and odometer is applied for controlling mobile robot position. Two-dimensional position vector in cartesian coordinate system have been inserted to robot controller as an initial and final position. Mobile robot has been made based on differential drive and sensor magnetic rotary encoder which measured robot position from a number of wheel rotation. Odometry methode use data from actuator movements for predicting change of position over time. The mobile robot is examined to get final position with three different heading angle 30°, 45° and 60° by applying various value of KP, KD and KI constant.

sistemas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Alejandro Muñoz Gaviria

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El texto presentado a continuación, plantea en términos generales las principales posturas conceptuales del sociólogo alemán Niklas Luhmann sobre las ideas de Max Weber y su teoría de la acción social, y de Talcott Parsons y sus planteamientos en torno a la teoría de los sistemas sociales. Al final del escrito se hace especial énfasis en el rol protagónico que para Luhmann tienen las ciencias sociales y humanas en la autorreferencia del sistema social.

Sistema de seguridad en redes locales utilizando sistemas multiagentes distribuidos. Net-Mass

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Daniel Horfan Álvarez

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La seguridad en las redes de datos es uno de los elementos neurálgicos dentro de una organización, ya que requiere de diferentes estrategias de protección para salvaguardar puntos vulnerables, y de la coordinación y distribución de esfuerzos para cercar todas las posibles formas de ataques informáticos. En este artículo se propone un sistema multiagente distribuido como herramienta de protección para redes con diferentes sistemas operativos y susceptibilidad de diversos ataques.El sistema propuesto está conformado por un grupo de agentes autónomos heterogéneos con características particulares en cuanto a sus estrategias de detección de intrusos y protección de los sistemas primordiales de la red, se tiene planeado que estos agentes basen sus decisiones en la aplicación de diferentes técnicas de inteligencia artificial como heurística de sistemas expertos, algoritmos evolutivos y redes neuronales.

Reduction of observer order by differentiation, almost controllability subspace covers and minimal order PID-observers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

TRENTELMAN, HL

1984-01-01

This note generalizes the geometric theory around minimal and reduced order observers to the situation in which differentiation of certain components of the observed output is allowed. A geometric theory involving the notion of PID-observer is introduced, using the concept of almost complementary

Profil épidémiologique, diagnostique, thérapeutique et évolutif du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectifs: Étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs du cancer de la prostate dans le service d'urologie du CHU-Sylvanus Olympio du Togo. Patients et méthodes: Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective de mars 2011 à mars 2014 sur les patients suivis pour cancer de la prostate au Togo.

Epidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005: aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques

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Carole Gilberte Kyelem

2011-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION: L’objectif de cette étude était de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques de l’épidémie de choléra au Burkina Faso en 2005. METHODES: Etude rétrospective, d’août à octobre 2005. Elle a concerné dix districts sanitaires du Burkina Faso. A été inclus dans l’étude, tout patient présentant un syndrome cholériforme, admis dans les différentes formations sanitaires dont la coproculture s’est révélée positive à Vibrio cholerae. RESULTATS: Au cours cette épidémie, 1050 cas de diarrhées cholériformes ont été notifiés par l’ensemble des structures sanitaires du pays. Vibrio cholerae a été identifié à l’examen bactériologique des selles de 121 patients (17,2%, constituant notre population d’étude. Les hommes étaient majoritaires (57%. La moyenne d’âge était de 30 ans. Les femmes au foyer (24% et les sujets non scolarisés (62,8% représentaient les couches sociales les plus touchées. Les forages ont été la source de boisson de 39,7% des patients 72 heures avant le début de la maladie. Tous les patients ont présenté une diarrhée aqueuse. Vibrio cholerae, sérotype Ogawa, responsable de cette épidémie, était résistant au chloramphénicol et au cotrimoxazole dans respectivement 71,7% et 38,3% des cas. Ni le cas index, ni la source initiale de contamination n’ont pu être identifiés. La létalité de notre échantillon était de 3,5%. CONCLUSION: Cette épidémie a relancé la question de l’hygiène et mis à nu le problème de ces villes ou la croissance démographique galopante est en inadéquation avec le degré d’urbanisation

Qualitative vs. quantitative data: Controls on the accuracy of PID field screening in petroleum contamination assessment applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luessen, M.J.; Allex, M.K.; Holzel, F.R.

1995-01-01

The use of photoionization detectors (PIDs) for field screening of soils for volatile organic contaminants has become a standard industry practice. PID screening data is generally utilized as a qualitative basis for selection of samples for laboratory analysis to quantify concentrations of specific contaminants of concern. Both qualitative field screening data and quantitative laboratory analytical data were reviewed for more than 100 hydrogeologic assessment sites in Ohio to evaluate controls on the effectiveness of field screening data. Assessment data evaluated was limited to sites at which the suspected contaminant source was a gasoline underground storage tanks system. In each case, a 10.0 eV (or greater) PID calibrated for benzene was used to screen soils which were analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) by SW 846 method 8020. Controls on field screening which were evaluated for each site included (1) soil classification, (2) soil moisture, (3) weather conditions, (4) background levels, (5) equipment quality, (6) screening methodology, and (7) laboratory QA/QC. Statistical data analysis predictably indicated a general overestimate of total BTEX levels based on field screening (gasoline is approximately 25 weight percent BTEX). However, data locally indicated cases of both significant (i.e., more than an order of magnitude difference) over- and under-estimation of actual BTEX concentrations (i.e., quantitative laboratory data) by field screening data

A numerical model including PID control of a multizone crystal growth furnace

Science.gov (United States)

Panzarella, Charles H.; Kassemi, Mohammad

1992-01-01

This paper presents a 2D axisymmetric combined conduction and radiation model of a multizone crystal growth furnace. The model is based on a programmable multizone furnace (PMZF) designed and built at NASA Lewis Research Center for growing high quality semiconductor crystals. A novel feature of this model is a control algorithm which automatically adjusts the power in any number of independently controlled heaters to establish the desired crystal temperatures in the furnace model. The control algorithm eliminates the need for numerous trial and error runs previously required to obtain the same results. The finite element code, FIDAP, used to develop the furnace model, was modified to directly incorporate the control algorithm. This algorithm, which presently uses PID control, and the associated heat transfer model are briefly discussed. Together, they have been used to predict the heater power distributions for a variety of furnace configurations and desired temperature profiles. Examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PID controlled model in establishing isothermal, Bridgman, and other complicated temperature profies in the sample. Finally, an example is given to show how the algorithm can be used to change the desired profile with time according to a prescribed temperature-time evolution.

Rancang Bangun Auto Switch PID pada Sistem ILFM (In Line Flash Mixing Untuk Proses Netralisasi pH

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Hariadi Kurniawan

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Perubahan nilai pH larutan asam terhadap penambahan larutan basa memiliki sifat nonlinier. Pada umumnya pengendalian PID digunakan pada proses yang linier. Namun demikian, pada pengendalian pH yang merupakan proses nonlinier  ini akan diterapkan auto switch PID sebagai solusinya. Sistem ILFM merupakan  pengembangan dari sistem CSTR (Continous Stirred Tank Reactor yang mengasumsikan reaksi asam-basa terjadi secara cepat. Pada sistem ILFM laju aliran asam dibuat konstan sedangkan laju aliran basa dapat dikontrol. Pompa DC 12V digunakan untuk mengalirkan larutan asam dan basa. Alat ukur pH yang digunakan adalah pH meter YK-2001PH. Software LabVIEW digunakan sebagai penanaman algoritma autoswitch PID dan HMI pada tugas akhir ini. Auto switch PID akan bekerja sesuai dengan daerah linier yang telah dibagi. Daerah linier tersebut didapatkan berdasarkan hasil kurva eksperimen titrasi larutan CH3COOH 0,1M, 16,25ml dengan NaOH 0,1M, 20 ml.  Terdapat tiga daerah linier pada kurva titrasi, yaitu 3,5≤pH≤6,21, 6,22≤pH≤10,73 dan 10,74≤pH≤11,9. Pada uji closed loop,untuk setpoint pH5 didapatkan nilai karateristik respon maximum overshoot sebesar 19,6 %,Ess (error steady state sebesar 0,04% dan Ts (Time Settling sebesar 6s. Pada uji setpoint 6 didapatkan maximum overshoot 3,3%, Ess 3% dan Ts 13s. Pada uji nilai setpoint pH 11 didapatkan maximum overshoot sebesar 6 %,Ess sebesar 2,7% dan Ts sebesar 20s. Pada tracking turun nilai setpoint pH 11-5 didapatkan maximum overshoot 1,6%,Ess sebesar  1% dan Ts sebesar 8s. Pada daerah linier 2 tidak dapat tercapainya SP yang diinginkan. Hal ini dikarenakan daerah linier 2 adalah  daerah kritis dengan penambahan 1ml/s akan mengubah nilai pH menjadi 2 kali semula sedangkan resolusi pompa melibihi dari 1mL/s.

Performance Analysis of Fuzzy-PID Controller for Blood Glucose Regulation in Type-1 Diabetic Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Yadav, Jyoti; Rani, Asha; Singh, Vijander

2016-12-01

This paper presents Fuzzy-PID (FPID) control scheme for a blood glucose control of type 1 diabetic subjects. A new metaheuristic Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) is utilized to optimize the gains of FPID controller. CSA provides fast convergence and is capable of handling global optimization of continuous nonlinear systems. The proposed controller is an amalgamation of fuzzy logic and optimization which may provide an efficient solution for complex problems like blood glucose control. The task is to maintain normal glucose levels in the shortest possible time with minimum insulin dose. The glucose control is achieved by tuning the PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and FPID controller with the help of Genetic Algorithm and CSA for comparative analysis. The designed controllers are tested on Bergman minimal model to control the blood glucose level in the facets of parameter uncertainties, meal disturbances and sensor noise. The results reveal that the performance of CSA-FPID controller is superior as compared to other designed controllers.

PID-controller with predictor and auto-tuning algorithm: study of efficiency for thermal plants

Science.gov (United States)

Kuzishchin, V. F.; Merzlikina, E. I.; Hoang, Van Va

2017-09-01

The problem of efficiency estimation of an automatic control system (ACS) with a Smith predictor and PID-algorithm for thermal plants is considered. In order to use the predictor, it is proposed to include an auto-tuning module (ATC) into the controller; the module calculates parameters for a second-order plant module with a time delay. The study was conducted using programmable logical controllers (PLC), one of which performed control, ATC, and predictor functions. A simulation model was used as a control plant, and there were two variants of the model: one of them was built on the basis of a separate PLC, and the other was a physical model of a thermal plant in the form of an electrical heater. Analysis of the efficiency of the ACS with the predictor was carried out for several variants of the second order plant model with time delay, and the analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of transient processes in the system when the set point was changed and when a disturbance influenced the control plant. The recommendations are given on correction of the PID-algorithm parameters when the predictor is used by means of using the correcting coefficient k for the PID parameters. It is shown that, when the set point is changed, the use of the predictor is effective taking into account the parameters correction with k = 2. When the disturbances influence the plant, the use of the predictor is doubtful, because the transient process is too long. The reason for this is that, in the neighborhood of the zero frequency, the amplitude-frequency characteristic (AFC) of the system with the predictor has an ascent in comparison with the AFC of the system without the predictor.

Design and development of the Macpherson Proton Preve Magneto rheological damper with PID controller

Science.gov (United States)

Amiruddin, I. M.; Pauziah, M.; Aminudin, A.; Unuh, M. H.

2017-10-01

Since the creation of the first petrol-fuelled vehicle by Karl Benz in the late nineteenth century, car industry has grown considerably to meet the industrial demands. Luxurious looks and agreeable rides are the primary needs of drivers. The Magneto-rheological damper balanced their damping trademark progressively by applying the damping coefficient depending on the control system. In this research, the control calculations are assessed by utilizing the MR damper. The capacity and reliably of the target force for the damper speed is investigated from control algorithm. This is imperative to defeat the damper limitation. In this study, the simulation results of the semi-dynamic MR damper with the PID controller shows better performance in sprung mass acceleration, unsprung mass acceleration and suspension dislodging with permitting over the top tyre acceleration. The altered model of the MR damper is specially designed for Proton Preve specifications and semi-active PID control. The procedure for the advancement incorporates the numerical model to graphically recreate and break down the dynamic framework by utilizing Matlab.

PENGENDALIAN PID PADA ROBOT MIROSOT UPN “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA BERBASIS SENSOR GYROSCOPE DAN ACCELEROMETER

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Awang Hendrianto Pratomo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available MiRoSoT Robot movement is influenced by the speed control from right and left wheels. Wheels speed control on MiroSot robot is determined by parameter PID (Proportional Integral and Derevative value. PID value determined by robot position and angle. MiroSot robot movement is still not stable and can not move in accordance with the instruction have been made. Instability of the robot movement in the game is affected by friction wheels against the ground, friction gear and robot load. In this study, implemented a gyroscope and accelerometer sensors to stabilize robot movement. Based on both sensors are controlled by using a microcontroller ATmega64. Speed control system based on gyroscope and accelerometer sensor is obtained that the robot is able to face a certain angle more precisely. The accelerometer sensor is used as a parameter for the braking system, so the robot is able to move more stable without the loss of power from the motor during a reduction speed from the strategy control.

The development of Gallstone solvent temperature adaptive PID control system

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

MA; BING; QIAO; BO; YAN

2012-01-01

The paper expatiated the work principle,general project,and the control part of the corresponding program of the temperature system in the gallstone dissolving instrument.Gallstone dissolving instrument adopts automatic control solvent cycle of direct solution stone treatment,replacing the traditional external shock wave rock row stone and gallblad-der surgery method.PID control system to realize the gall stone solvent temperature intelligent control,the basic principle of work is as solvent temperature below the set temperature,the relay control heater to solvent to be heated,conversely,no heating,achieve better able to dissolve the the rapeutic effect of gallstones.

Generalized conventional and intelligent supervisory control system for combined cycle generation power plants; Sistema de control supervisorio generalizado convencional e inteligente para centrales de generacion de ciclo combinado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinez Morales, Miguel Angel

2004-12-15

(conventional or intelligent) is possible to get more power generation than if we use the automatic methods based on feedback MW control. Consequently, the financial benefit due to the MW generated along a period of 2 months, is equivalent to return the investment required if the CCPP would had been repowered. Test also showed that with the fuzzy based SGC is possible to get a 'little more' power generation than if we use the PID based SGC. The development and implementation of the SGC was made in three phases: First Phase: Upgrading of the simulation dynamic mathematical model and implementation in a new software platform based on LabWindows/CVI. Second Phase: Design, implementation and testing of the PID based SGC. Third Phase: Design and implementation and testing of the Intelligent SGC, based in fuzzy logic. [Spanish] El programa de obras de generacion de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) del ano 2004 al ano 2008 esta caracterizado por el dominio del proceso de ciclo combinado para la expansion de generacion de energia en Mexico [CFE, 2000]. De acuerdo con los datos presentados por esta fuente, el incremento estimado en la capacidad de generacion de potencia electrica es de 12876 MW, de los cuales las centrales de ciclo combinado aportaran 10655 MW, lo que representa el 82.75%. Bajo estas expectativas de expansion de generacion de energia en Mexico, en este trabajo de tesis se desarrollo un sistema de control supervisorio generalizado (CSG) convencional (PID) e inteligente (logica difusa) para una central de generacion de ciclo combinado, el cual permite lograr la operacion optima de la planta a traves del arranque automatico de las unidades generadoras y obtener la maxima cantidad posible de potencia electrica en forma automatica y segura. Para el desarrollo del CSG se implanto un lazo de control por temperatura para el sistema de turbina de gas (TG) y un lazo de control por presion estrangulada para la turbina de vapor (TV). El diseno de estos sistemas

Coupling dynamic modeling and simulation of three-degree-of-freedom micromanipulator based on piezoelectric ceramic of fuzzy PID

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Dongjie; Fu, Yu; Yang, Liu

2017-08-01

For further research on the microparticles trajectory in the process of micromanipulation, the paper modeled on the coupling dynamic of three-degree-of-freedom micromanipulator which is based on piezoelectric ceramic. In the micromanipulation, the transformation of certain movement direction can generate a corresponding change in the coupling in three-degree-of-freedom micromanipulator movement, the fuzzy PID method was adopted by the control system of this study, and the modeling analysis was performed on the control system. After completing the above modeling, the simulation model is built by the MATLAB Simulink software. The simulation output results are basically in accordance with the actual trajectory, which achieve the successful research purposes of coupling dynamics model for three-degree-of-freedom micromanipulator and application of fuzzy PID method.

Optimal fuzzy logic-based PID controller for load-frequency control including superconducting magnetic energy storage units

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pothiya, Saravuth; Ngamroo, Issarachai

2008-01-01

This paper proposes a new optimal fuzzy logic-based-proportional-integral-derivative (FLPID) controller for load frequency control (LFC) including superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) units. Conventionally, the membership functions and control rules of fuzzy logic control are obtained by trial and error method or experiences of designers. To overcome this problem, the multiple tabu search (MTS) algorithm is applied to simultaneously tune PID gains, membership functions and control rules of FLPID controller to minimize frequency deviations of the system against load disturbances. The MTS algorithm introduces additional techniques for improvement of search process such as initialization, adaptive search, multiple searches, crossover and restarting process. Simulation results explicitly show that the performance of the optimum FLPID controller is superior to the conventional PID controller and the non-optimum FLPID controller in terms of the overshoot, settling time and robustness against variations of system parameters

MODELLING AND CONTROL OF CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR WITH PID CONTROLLER

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Artur Wodołażski

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a model of dynamics control for continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR in methanol synthesis in a three-phase system. The reactor simulation was carried out for steady and transient state. Efficiency ratio to achieve maximum performance of the product per reactor unit volume was calculated. Reactor dynamics simulation in closed loop allowed to received data for tuning PID controller (proportional-integral-derivative. The results of the regulation process allow to receive data for optimum reactor production capacity, along with local hot spots eliminations or temperature runaway.

Sistemas roboticos teleoperados

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Alexander Ceron Correa

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión general sobre los sistemas robóticos teleoperados, su estructura, componentes principales, clasificación, tipos de sensores, sistemas de locomoción y aplicaciones; como ejemplo se mencionan algunos trabajos realizados Colombia y en el mundo

Computation of stabilizing PI and PID controllers using the stability boundary locus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tan, Nusret; Kaya, Ibrahim; Yeroglu, Celaleddin; Atherton, Derek P.

2006-01-01

In this paper, a new method for the calculation of all stabilizing PI controllers is given. The proposed method is based on plotting the stability boundary locus in the (k p , k i )-plane and then computing the stabilizing values of the parameters of a PI controller. The technique presented does not require sweeping over the parameters and also does not need linear programming to solve a set of inequalities. Thus it offers several important advantages over existing results obtained in this direction. Beyond stabilization, the method is used to shift all poles to a shifted half plane that guarantees a specified settling time of response. Computation of stabilizing PI controllers which achieve user specified gain and phase margins is studied. It is shown via an example that the stabilizing region in the (k p , k i )-plane is not always a convex set. The proposed method is also used to design PID controllers. The limiting values of a PID controller which stabilize a given system are obtained in the (k p , k i )-plane (k p , k d )-plane and (k i , k d )-plane. Furthermore, the proposed method is used to compute all the parameters of a PI controller which stabilize a control system with an interval plant family. Examples are given to show the benefits of the method presented

Partial synchronization of different chaotic oscillators using robust PID feedback

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aguilar-Lopez, Ricardo [Departamento de Energia, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Azcapotzalco, San Pablo 180, Reynosa-Tamaulipas, Azcapotzalco, 02200 Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: raguilar@correo.azc.uam.mx; Martinez-Guerra, Rafael [Departamento de Control Automatico, CINVESTAV IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico, D.F. C.P. 07360 (Mexico)]. E-mail: rguerra@ctrl.cinvestav.mx

2007-07-15

This work deals with the partial synchronization problem of two different chaotic oscillators considering model uncertainties in the slave system via control approach. The slave system is forced to follow the master signal via a linearizing controller based on model uncertainty reconstructor which leads to proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control structure. This reconstructor is related with a proportional-derivative (PD) reduced-order observer, it would be considered as a sub-slave system for the original slave of the synchronization procedure. The asymptotic performance of the synchronization methodology is proven via the dynamic of the synchronization error. Numerical experiment illustrates the closed-loop behavior of the proposed methodology.

Partial synchronization of different chaotic oscillators using robust PID feedback

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aguilar-Lopez, Ricardo; Martinez-Guerra, Rafael

2007-01-01

This work deals with the partial synchronization problem of two different chaotic oscillators considering model uncertainties in the slave system via control approach. The slave system is forced to follow the master signal via a linearizing controller based on model uncertainty reconstructor which leads to proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control structure. This reconstructor is related with a proportional-derivative (PD) reduced-order observer, it would be considered as a sub-slave system for the original slave of the synchronization procedure. The asymptotic performance of the synchronization methodology is proven via the dynamic of the synchronization error. Numerical experiment illustrates the closed-loop behavior of the proposed methodology

Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Short Form (PID-5-SF): Reliability, Factorial Structure, and Relationship With Functional Impairment in Dual Diagnosis Patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Batanero, Carmen; Ramírez-López, Juan; Domínguez-Salas, Sara; Fernández-Calderón, Fermín; Lozano, Óscar M

2017-11-01

Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition ( DSM-5) has generated a personality paradigm consisting of 25 personality facets identified in five domains. The developed assessment instrument Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) has showed good psychometric properties, but the potential for certain improvements still remain. In this article, a sample of 282 dual diagnosis patients is used to provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the PID-5-Short Form. The mean value of Cronbach's alpha coefficients reached .73 on the facets and .84 for domains and test-retest values ranged between .57 to .83 for facets and .70 to .87 for the domains. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted showed good fit on both models tested: the five correlated factor structure and hierarchical structure of personality traits. The WHODAS 2.0 domains of understanding and communicating, and participating in society, appear to show the strongest relationship with personality facets. In general, the PID-5-Short Form shows adequate psychometric properties for use in dual diagnosis patients.

Regulación neuroendocrina del sistema inmune

OpenAIRE

Caballero Hernández, Diana; Tamez Guerra, Reyes S.; Rodríguez Padilla, Cristina; Tamez Guerra, Patricia; Weber, Richard J.; Gómez Flores, Ricardo

2001-01-01

El sistema inmune recibe señales del sistema nervioso central (cerebro) vía el sistema nervioso autónomo y el sistema endocrino. El sistema inmune, a su vez, envía información al cerebro vía citocinas. Este sistema de retroalimentación es vital para el funcionamiento adecuado del organismo en situaciones normales, y en aquellas en las que la homeostasis se ve perturbada, como en casos de estrés, consumo de drogas (terapéuticas o de abuso), enfermedades infecciosas y...

Gain Scheduling of PID Controller Based on Fuzzy Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Singh Sandeep

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to utilize fuzzy rules and reasoning to determine the controller parameters and the PID controller generates the control signal. The objective of this study is to simulate the proposed scheme on various processes and arrive at results providing better response of the system when compared with best industrial auto-tuning technique: Ziegler-Nichols. The proposed scheme is based upon the Ultimate Gain (Ku and the Period (Tu of the system. The error and rate of change in error gains are tuned manually to get the desired response using LabVIEW. This can also be done with various optimization techniques. A thumb rule for choosing the ranges for Kc, Kd and Ki has been obtained experimentally.

Transfert du modèle prédictif d'épidémie de paludisme aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dans les hautes terres d'Afrique de l'Est, les épidémies de paludisme sont en ... de facteurs non biophysiques dans la prévalence et le contrôle de cette maladie. ... IWRA/CRDI sur les changements climatiques et la gestion adaptive de l'eau.

Sistemas de gestión ambiental normalizados

OpenAIRE

Fronti de García, Luisa; Pahlen, Ricardo José María; D’Onofrio, Paula Alejandra

2004-01-01

La contabilidad ambiental presupone la existencia de un sistema de gestión ambiental. Dentro del sistema integral de la organización, el sistema de gestión ambiental permite la obtención de información oportuna y segura. Podríamos definir el sistema de gestión ambiental de un ente como el conjunto de medidas destinadas a prevenir el impacto negativo de las actividades del ente sobre el medio ambiente. El sistema de gestión ambiental (SGA) es aquella parte del sistema de gestión total que incl...

Grid Connected WECS with A Five Level DCMLI using PID Controller

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G.Balaji

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the analysis, modeling and control system for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG based wind turbine connected to the grid. A wind energy conversion using DC-DC Buck- Boost Converter for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS has been proposed which is integrated with grid using five-level diode clamped multilevel (DCMLI inverter. In this work the instantaneous values of input side current and voltage of DC-DC buck-boost converter are utilized for implementing the PID controller. The proposed work is verified by the simulation in Powersim.

Genetic Algorithm Tuning of PID Controller in Smith Predictor for Glucose Concentration Control

OpenAIRE

Tsonyo Slavov; Olympia Roeva

2011-01-01

This paper focuses on design of a glucose concentration control system based on nonlinear model plant of E. coli MC4110 fed-batch cultivation process. Due to significant time delay in real time glucose concentration measurement, a correction is proposed in glucose concentration measurement and a Smith predictor (SP) control structure based on universal PID controller is designed. To reduce the influence of model error in SP structure the estimate of measured glucose concentration is used. For...

Implementação de um sistema SIP para o sistema operacional Linux

OpenAIRE

Davison Gonzaga da Silva

2003-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a implementação de um Sistema de VoIP usando o Protocolo SIP. Este Sistema SIP foi desenvolvido para o Linux, usando-se a linguagem C++ em conjunto com a biblioteca QT. O Sistema SIP é composto de três entidades básicas: o Terminal SIP, o Proxy e o Servidor de Registros. O Terminal SIP é a entidade responsável por estabelecer sessões SIP com outros Terminais SIP. Para o Terminal SIP, foi desenvolvida uma biblioteca de acesso à placa de áudio, que permite a modi...

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control of Secreted Factors for Blood Stem Cell Culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Caldwell, Julia; Wang, Weijia; Zandstra, Peter W

2015-01-01

Clinical use of umbilical cord blood has typically been limited by the need to expand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) ex vivo. This expansion is challenging due to the accumulation of secreted signaling factors in the culture that have a negative regulatory effect on HSPC output. Strategies for global regulation of these factors through dilution have been developed, but do not accommodate the dynamic nature or inherent variability of hematopoietic cell culture. We have developed a mathematical model to simulate the impact of feedback control on in vitro hematopoiesis, and used it to design a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm. This algorithm was implemented with a fed-batch bioreactor to regulate the concentrations of secreted factors. Controlling the concentration of a key target factor, TGF-β1, through dilution limited the negative effect it had on HSPCs, and allowed global control of other similarly-produced inhibitory endogenous factors. The PID control algorithm effectively maintained the target soluble factor at the target concentration. We show that feedback controlled dilution is predicted to be a more cost effective dilution strategy compared to other open-loop strategies, and can enhance HSPC expansion in short term culture. This study demonstrates the utility of secreted factor process control strategies to optimize stem cell culture systems, and motivates the development of multi-analyte protein sensors to automate the manufacturing of cell therapies.

Tuning of PID Controllers for Quadcopter System using Cultural Exchange Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nizar Hadi Abbas

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Quadrotors are coming up as an attractive platform for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV research, due to the simplicity of their structure and maintenance, their ability to hover, and their vertical take-off and landing (VTOL capability. With the vast advancements in small-size sensors, actuators, and processors, researchers are now focusing on developing mini UAV’s to be used in both research and commercial applications. This work presents a detailed mathematical nonlinear dynamic model of the quadrotor which is formulated using the Newton-Euler method. Although the quadrotor is a 6 DOF under-actuated system, the derived rotational subsystem is fully actuated, while the translational subsystem is under-actuated. The derivation of the mathematical model was followed by the development of the controller to control the altitude, attitude, heading and position of the quadrotor in space, which is, based on the linear Proportional-Derivative- Integral (PID controller; thus, a simplified version of the model is obtained. The gains of the controllers will be tuned using optimization techniques to improve the system's dynamic response. The standard Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA was applied to tune the PID parameters and then it was compared to Cultural Exchange Imperialist Competitive algorithm (CEICA tuning, and the results show improvement in the proposed algorithm. The objective function results were enhanced by (23.91% in the CEICA compared with ICA.

Genetic Algorithm Tuning of PID Controller in Smith Predictor for Glucose Concentration Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsonyo Slavov

2011-07-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on design of a glucose concentration control system based on nonlinear model plant of E. coli MC4110 fed-batch cultivation process. Due to significant time delay in real time glucose concentration measurement, a correction is proposed in glucose concentration measurement and a Smith predictor (SP control structure based on universal PID controller is designed. To reduce the influence of model error in SP structure the estimate of measured glucose concentration is used. For the aim an extended Kalman filter (EKF is designed. To achieve good closed-loop system performance genetic algorithm (GA based optimal controller tuning procedure is applied. A standard binary encoding GA is applied. The GA parameters and operators are specified for the considered here problem. As a result the optimal PID controller settings are obtained. The simulation experiments of the control systems based on SP with EKF and without EKF are performed. The results show that the control system based on SP with EKF has a better performance than the one without EKF. For a short time the controller sets the control variable and maintains it at the desired set point during the cultivation process. As a result, a high biomass concentration of 48.3 g·l-1 is obtained at the end of the process.

El sistema deportivo. Amenazas y oportunidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Olivera Betrán

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Aplicando la teoría de sistemas de Ludwig von Bertalanffy, el deporte es un sistema. En un sistema se da un conjunto de unidades interrelacionadas de tal manera que el comportamiento de cada parte depende del estado de todas las otras, pues todas se encuentran en una estructura que las interconecta. En el enfoque sistémico, el concepto tradicional de energía es reemplazado por el de información, y el de causa-efecto por el de estructura y realimentación. El deporte es una realidad social total, por lo que participa de manera implícita y/o explícita en los procesos humanos más diversos a través de los distintos procedimientos que corresponden a nuestra organización sociocultural. El deporte se configura en estructuras de alta complejidad, las cuales están constituidas por sistemas de sistemas cuya comprensión y estudio representan un formidable reto. El estudio del deporte como sistema debe efectuarse desde la lógica estructural y sistémica a través de la cual nos permita indagar con éxito su configuración esencial, sus elementos fundamentales y el proceso de interactuación con los subsistemas que pertenecen al sistema deporte y con los otros del sistema sociocultural dominante. El deporte es un sistema dinámico que interactúa continuamente mediante un doble proceso, intrínseco a través de una constante metamorfosis entre los distintos subsistemas que lo integran y extrínseco por medio de un ajuste permanente con el contexto social, cultural y medioambiental.

Maximum power point tracking in PV systems based on adaptive control and sliding mode control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula Andrea Ortiz-Valencia

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los sistemas fotovoltaicos (PV son comúnmente controlados utilizando estructuras PI o PID, las cuales no pueden asegurar estabilidad global y un tiempo de establecimiento constante. Por esto, los algoritmos de optimización, e.g. Perturbar y Observar (P&O, son diseñados utilizando el tiempo de establecimiento más alto en el rango de operación, lo cual produce una búsqueda lenta del punto de máxima potencia (MPP para gran parte del rango de operación, introduciendo pérdidas dinámicas de potencia al sistema. Este artículo propone combinar un controlador adaptativo y un controlador de corriente por modos deslizantes (SMCC para garantizar estabilidad global y un tiempo de establecimiento constante para cualquier condición de operación, lo que permite incrementar la potencia generada en comparación con controladores PI y PID. El SMCC permite mitigar las perturbaciones del sistema y garantizar estabilidad global, mientras que el controlador adaptativo define la referencia del SMCC para asegurar un tiempo de estabilización constante. El diseño de la nueva estructura de control se soporta con análisis matemáticos y simulaciones realizadas en Matlab® para validar la robustez del sistema.

Photovoltaic System Regulation Based on a PID Fuzzy Controller to Ensure a Fixed Settling Time

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paula A. Ortiz-Valencia

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The main objective of the controllers in photovoltaic systems (PV is to ensure the maximum extraction of the available power. Those controllers usually combine the action of a maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT with a voltage regulator, which has the function of rejecting disturbances at the panel terminals. Such controllers are commonly based on PI and PID structures, it requiring linearized models at an operating point. But, due to disturbances generated by the environment and the load, the operating point of the system changes drastically, which hinder to obtain the desired system performance. This paper proposes to regulate the PV system using a Fuzzy PID controller, which adapts to changes in solar irradiance and load oscillations. This characteristic guarantees a constant settling time, which is required to precisely define the period of the MPPT algorithm. In the case of classical linear controllers, the period of the MPPT algorithm is set to the worst case (longest period which generates additional power losses by slowing down the tracking of the optimal operating point. Therefore, the solution proposed in this paper improves the overall system efficiency. Finally, such a solution is validated through simulations in Matlab®.

Etude s?ro-?pid?miologique de la leishmaniose canine au centre du Maroc

OpenAIRE

Fellah, Hajiba; Doughmi, Oursula; Maniar, Sa?d; Lalami, Abdelhakim El Ouali

2014-01-01

Dans le monde, la leishmaniose visc?rale humaine est connue pour avoir comme principale source d'infection les Canid?s domestiques et sauvages. Au centre du Maroc, les donn?es ?pid?miologiques, cliniques et parasitologiques sur la leishmaniose canine, sont quasiment inexistantes. Ce travail traite une ?tude prospective au cours de laquelle 61 s?rums canins ont ?t? analys?s par un test rapide et par l'immunofluorescence indirecte. La sensibilit? du test rapide par rapport ? celle de l'immunofl...

Sistemas de serviços de saúde: principais tipologias e suas relações com os sistema de saúde brasileiro

OpenAIRE

José Patrício Bispo Júnior; Kelly Leite Maia de Messias

2005-01-01

O presente artigo discute as principais características dos Sistemas de Serviços de Saúde e relaciona o Sistema de Saúde Brasileiro com os três principais tipos de Sistemas de Serviços de Saúde. Conceitua e diferencia Sistema de Saúde de Sistemas de Serviços de Saúde. Apresenta a conformação, objetivos, componentes, características e funções dos Sistemas de Serviços de Saúde. Apresenta e discute os três principais tipos de Sistemas de Serviços de Saúde: Sistema de Saúde de Dominância de Me...

Sistemas de tiempo real y sistemas distribuidos de tiempo real

OpenAIRE

Pesado, Patricia Mabel; Ramón, Hugo Dionisio; Boracchia, Marcos; Pasini, Ariel C.; De Vito, María Cecilia; Osella Massa, Germán Leandro; Estrebou, César Armando

2006-01-01

El proyecto de investigación y desarrollo en Sistemas de Software Distribuido, abarca aspectos que van desde los fundamentos del desarrollo (Técnicas de Ingeniería de Requerimientos, Metodologías de Gestión y Desarrollo de Proyectos, Técnicas de Planificación, Métricas, Normas de Calidad, Web-Systems) hasta la concepción de aplicaciones específicas orientadas a los procesos industriales (Sistemas de Planeamiento de Producción, Control Industrial en tiempo real), procesos de E-government (Voto...

Sistema de radiació solar via USB

OpenAIRE

Villanueva López, José Vicente

2008-01-01

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és implementar un sistema de mesura de la irradiació solar a la Terra basat en una placa solar fotovoltaica. S’ha dissenyat i construït un sistema de mesura de la radiació solar que pot ser útil per aquells que instal·len sistemes fotovoltaics, que pot permetre l’estudi pràctic de les variables energètiques i econòmiques que ens poden indicar quin sistema és mes rentable construir, si un sistema de pannell solar fix, un sistema de pannell solar o...

A survey on the autotuning of PID parameter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Yoon Hee; Ha, Jae Hong; Sin, Hae Kon; Kim, Dong Wan; Nam, Sang Ku

1996-06-01

A significant advance in science and technology during the last few decades has resulted in the evolution and use of automatic control equipment in various areas of industry. The automatic control equipment monitor various parameters associated with the process and make decisions accordingly. In the area of process control, extensive research has been carried out for PID parameter auto-tunig techniques since the middle of 1980's. This paper covers two auto-tuning techniques namely system transient response performance and experimental method to analyze dynamic characteristics of process systems. In this paper auto-tunig technology used in commercial models is analyzed in detail. It is reported by industry that by optimum application of the auto-tuning controller, the operator load is significantly reduced while the reliability of process control is greatly enhanced. It is recommended that the application of auto-tuning controller should be evaluated for automatic process control in nuclear plant. 4 tabs., 12 figs., 21 refs. (Author)

Greenhouse Environmental Control Using Optimized MIMO PID Technique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fateh BOUNAAMA

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Climate control for protected crops brings the added dimension of a biological system into a physical system control situation. The thermally dynamic nature of a greenhouse suggests that disturbance attenuation (load control of external temperature, humidity, and sunlight is far more important than is the case for controlling other types of buildings. This paper investigates the application of multi-inputs multi-outputs (MIMO PID controller to a MIMO greenhouse environmental model with actuation constraints. This method is based on decoupling the system at low frequency point. The optimal tuning values are determined using genetic algorithms optimization (GA. The inside outsides climate model of the environmental greenhouse, and the automatically collected data sets of Avignon, France are used to simulate and test this technique. The control objective is to maintain a highly coupled inside air temperature and relative humidity of strongly perturbed greenhouse, at specified set-points, by the ventilation/cooling and moisturizing operations.

Reducing the energy consumption of an earth–air heat exchanger with a PID control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diaz-Mendez, S.E.; Patiño-Carachure, C.; Herrera-Castillo, J.A.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The application of control actions to green technologies has been simulated. • Energy consumption of green technologies can be reduced even more. • The efficiency of green technologies can be raised. • Environmental concerns can be diminished. • The sustainability of the planet can be increased. - Abstract: Reducing environmental emissions is one of the challenges that human being has to overcome. It can only be reached with a proper energetic efficiency and management of the processes that exist in the society nowadays. Several academic works have mentioned that raising the efficiency of a process it also increases sustainability and in turn decreases the environmental impact. One process that requires much attention is the cooling and heating of buildings; this process contributes to the major part of the electric bill, in particular, if a conventional and old air conditioning is used as commonly occurs in many countries. In recent years there have been developed new alternatives that are used in few countries, such as the earth–air heat exchanger, where air is passed through a heat exchanger buried a few meters below the ground. The heat exchanger takes advantage of the well-known difference between the temperature of the surrounding air and the temperature of the ground for cooling or heating the air that is subsequently injected into the buildings. This process requires less energy, then in the present work is thought that a PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) controller can be applied to an earth–air heat exchanger to reduce even more the energy consumption. Therefore, a simulation of a thermodynamic model of an earth–air heat exchanger was done and used along with a PID controller, to estimate savings in energy consumption. The results show that the energy consumption can be reduced up to 87% with the PID control, hence the efficiency of the process is increased as well as the sustainability of the planet and thus the

DOS SISTEMAS AMBIENTAIS AO SISTEMA FLUVIAL – UMA REVISÃO DE CONCEITOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonas Otaviano Praça de Souza

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Tentando consolidar as noções de totalidade, a geografia física passa a utilizar a noção de sistemas dinâmicos, não lineares e de comportamento caótico. Deste modo, a abordagem sistêmica/complexa apresenta-se como meio de compreensão do mundo natural, assim possibilitando a previsão de mudanças, avaliação dos sistemas ambientais, distúrbios e limiares do sistema. Nota-se, assim, a importância dos estudos processuais para o gerenciamento de recursos hídricos, tornando imprescindíveis estudos sistêmicos que analisem os diversos elementos importantes para a análise dos recursos hídricos, dentre eles as questões processuais. Deste modo, a necessidade de se trabalhar o gerenciamento integrado de recursos hídricos, enquadrado na perspectiva sistêmica, solidificou a bacia hidrográfica e/ou bacia de drenagem como recorte espacial sistêmico. Delimitada a área pode-se compreender a bacia hidrográfica como um Sistema Fluvial, conceituado por Schumm (1977, que é analisado a partir da zona fonte de sedimentos, da rede de transporte e dos sítios de deposição. Esses elementos não são espacialmente excludentes, interagindo entre si, além de apresentar escalas diferenciadas. Para o estudo do sistema fluvial é necessário levar em consideração quatro conceitos: uniformidade dos processos, limiares de mudança, evolução da paisagem e respostas complexas.

Sistema Automatizado de Emailing Marketing

OpenAIRE

Martínez López, Javier

2010-01-01

Projecte final de carrera realitzat en col.laboració amb E-xpertel S.A El presente proyecto describe el diseño e implementación de un sistema de automatización de campañas de marketing a través de email hacia clientes y/o clientes potenciales. Este sistema tiene como objetivos principales adquirir nuevos clientes y conseguir la delización de los mismos. El sistema se complementa con una plataforma CRM (Customer Relationship Management) para el mantenimiento de datos de empresa...

First-year performance of the Chorreras pv-hybrid ice-making system in Chihuahua, Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Estrada, Luis; Foster, Robert; Cota, Alma D [Southwest Technology Development Institute, Las Cruces, New Mexico (United States)

2000-07-01

This paper describes the reliability and performance of the Chorreras photovoltaic (PV) hybrid ice-making system. The system is a first of its kind in the world and is located near the fishing village of Chorreras, which is located along a man-made lake in a remote desert area of the State of Chihuahua in northern Mexico. The information gathered from technical field visits and a GOES satellite-based data collection system are reviewed to discuss system design and operation. The system has been working well in producing ice on a daily basis with only some minor control problems and water line calcification that reduced ice production until the line was cleaned. The hybrid system provides a daily average of 8.9 kWh at 240 volts to the ice-maker. The system Coefficient of Performance (COP) is about 0.65 and a total of 97 percent of the energy has been supplied by the PV array, while only 3 percent has been supplied by the back-up propane-fueled generator. Production of ice varies slightly each month due to changes in insolation and ambient temperatures. Overall ice production averages about 85 kg of ice per day. This project and this paper are dedicated to the memory of Ing. Juan Jose Onate Rodriguez from the Direccion General de Desarrollo Rural, who was the original project developer for the State of Chihuahua. [Spanish] Este articulo describe la confiabilidad y el rendimiento del sistema hibrido fotovoltaico (PV) de Chorreras para produccion de hielo. El sistema es el primero en su tipo en el mundo y esta localizado cerca del pueblo de pescadores de Chorreras, a la orilla de un lago artificial en un area desertica remota en el estado de Chihuahua, al norte de Mexico. Se esta revisando la informacion recopilada por las visitas tecnicas de campo y por el sistema de recoleccion de datos satelital GOES para analizar el diseno y operacion del sistema, que ha estado funcionando con buenos resultados en la produccion diaria de hielo, teniendo solo problemas menores de

A novel optimized hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent PID controller for an interconnected multi-area power system with physical constraints and boiler dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomaa Haroun, A H; Li, Yin-Ya

2017-11-01

In the fast developing world nowadays, load frequency control (LFC) is considered to be a most significant role for providing the power supply with good quality in the power system. To deliver a reliable power, LFC system requires highly competent and intelligent control technique. Hence, in this article, a novel hybrid fuzzy logic intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (FLiPID) controller has been proposed for LFC of interconnected multi-area power systems. A four-area interconnected thermal power system incorporated with physical constraints and boiler dynamics is considered and the adjustable parameters of the FLiPID controller are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) scheme employing an integral square error (ISE) criterion. The proposed method has been established to enhance the power system performances as well as to reduce the oscillations of uncertainties due to variations in the system parameters and load perturbations. The supremacy of the suggested method is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with some recently reported heuristic methods such as fuzzy logic proportional-integral (FLPI) and intelligent proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers for the same electrical power system. the investigations showed that the FLiPID controller provides a better dynamic performance and outperform compared to the other approaches in terms of the settling time, and minimum undershoots of the frequency as well as tie-line power flow deviations following a perturbation, in addition to perform appropriate settlement of integral absolute error (IAE). Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the plant is inspected by varying the system parameters and operating load conditions from their nominal values. It is observed that the suggested controller based optimization algorithm is robust and perform satisfactorily with the variations in operating load condition, system parameters and load pattern. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by

A hybrid solar/diesel water heating system: in medicine area in a hospital in Mexico city; Sistema hibrido de energia solar y diesel para calentamiento de agua: caso en el area de medicina fisica en un hospital en la ciudad de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nolasco Mejia, Miguel; Wolpert Kuri, Jorge [UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

A hybrid solar/diesel water heating system for therapy in a hospital in Mexico is described in this paper. The use of solar energy in hospitals and clinics, represent an environmentally friendly alternative to the burning of fossil fuels. Analysis is made regarding the feasibility of integrating both solar energy and conventional energy (fuel oil) as back up, to satisfy the hot water demand for hydrotherapy in a hospital. Results from simulation show that solar energy is a cheap means to provide up to 60% of the hot water demand. The solar assisted system proposed uses flat plate solar collectors integrated with an existing hot water tank, where water is heated with vapor from a diesel ran boiler. This represents significant savings on the solar system cost. [Spanish] La utilizacion de la energia solar en hospitales y clinicas, representa una posibilidad para obtener ahorros importantes de energia para satisfacer la demanda de agua caliente. En el presente estudio se analiza la demanda de agua caliente para uso en medicina fisica (hidroterapia), en un hospital ubicado en la Cd. De Mexico y la factibilidad de usar la energia solar, empleando como apoyo el sistema tradicional de combustible fosil (diesel). Mediante un analisis termico se determina el calor necesario para satisfacer la demanda de agua caliente. El analisis economico muestra los costos del sistema solar, los ahorros que se tendran y el periodo de recuperacion de la inversion. Los resultados muestran que la utilizacion de la energia solar es factible debido a la disminucion tanto del consumo de combustible, como de las emisiones atmosfericas. Se propone la instalacion de un sistema solar con colectores planos y el aprovechamiento de uno de los dos tanques de agua caliente existentes, donde se efectua la trasferencia de calor al agua por medio de vapor, lo cual disminuye el costo del sistema solar. La aportacion solar puede ser mayor del 60%, el complemento sera aportado por el sistema tradicional con

Perancangan dan Implementasi Kontroler PID untuk Pengaturan Heading dan Pengaturan Arah pada Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hery setyo widodo

2012-09-01

Full Text Available UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle merupakan kendaraan udara tanpa awak yang dikendalikan dari jarak jauh oleh atau tanpa seorang pilot (Autopilot. Kontrol pesawat UAV ada dua variasi utama, variasi pertama yaitu dikontrol melalui pengendali jarak jauh dan variasi kedua adalah pesawat yang terbang secara mandiri berdasarkan program yang dimasukan. Sebuah fixed-winng UAV harus mampu mempertahankan posisinya pada lintasan yang sudah ditentukan selama melakukan tracking lintasan. Keakuratan dalam tracking arah dan heading pesawat sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan misi penerbangan pesawat UAV dalam memperthankan lintasannya untuk mencapai target. Oleh karena itu pada Tugas Akhir ini dirancang sistem pengaturan dengan menggunakan metode kontrol PID untuk mengatasi kesalahan dalam menjaga lintasan pesawat. Pengaturan arah dan heading pesawat UAV dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan dinamika gerak lateral yang meliputi gerak roll dan yaw dan input dari GPS (Global Positioning System. Dari simulasi diperoleh proses tracking dapat mengikuti rancangan gerak yang diinginkan Pergeseran lintasan pesawat pada saat implementasi kontroler PID disebabkan akurasi GPS yang masih rendah yaitu 3 meter.

Profil épidémiologique de l'infection à VIH au cours d'une campagne ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: L'objectif de ce travail était de déterminer le profil épidémiologique de l'infection à VIH/SIDA au cours d'une campagne de sensibilisation à Yaoundé au Cameroun. Méthodes: Après avoir obtenu le consentement éclairé des participants, le dépistage de l'infection par le VIH a été effectué selon l'algorithme de ...

Importancia del manual de los sistemas contables en el sistema de control interno.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolás Valdés Rodríguez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La dirección administrativa del país en los últimos 3 años ha insistido en la necesidad de profundizar en los mecanismos de control económico –financiero de las entidades, el presente trabajo va dirigido a contribuir en alguna medida a lograr ese propósito. El sistema contable de una Entidad forma parte indisoluble del Sistema de Control Interno de la misma, por la vinculación tan estrecha que existe entre los mismos. El objetivo fundamental del trabajo ”Importancia del Manual de los Sistemas Contables en el Sistema de Control Interno”, es destacar la utilidad práctica, técnica y organizativa que tiene el Manual para elevar la eficiencia del trabajo contable de las Entidades y su repercusión positiva en la eficiencia el sistema de Control Interno establecido. Los beneficios que aporta el Manual radican en que crea una base normativa contable adecuada a las características de cada entidad. Como se sabe en las transformaciones económicas realizadas en el país, la existencia de dos monedas en el trabajo económico-contable de muchas entidades, la puntualización del objeto social y la cartera de productos y servicios han complejizado el trabajo contable, requiriendo una mayor adecuación a las características propias de cada entidad, lo cual se logra con la realización del Manual.

Sistema de inferencia difusa basado en relaciones Booleanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helbert Eduardo Espitia Cuchango

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Este documento describe la estructura de un sistema de inferencia difusa basado en relaciones booleanas. La teoría relacionada con lógica y conjuntos booleanos es una buena herramienta para el diseño de automatismos y sistemas digitales. Una variación con la cual se busca mejorar los sistemas basados en automatismos consiste en emplear conjuntos difusos en lugar de booleanos. Lo anterior se realiza con el objetivo de tener una acción continua en el actuador del automatismo. Al realizar esta variación y al aplicar la metodología de diseño de los sistemas de automatismos, aparecen los sistemas de inferencia difusa basados en relaciones booleanas.Aunque inicialmente esta propuesta se realizó considerando sistemas de automatismos, se observa que es posible extenderla a sistemas de inferencia difusa.

Sistemas híbrido de produção de energia para sistema de comunicações rádio

OpenAIRE

Carreiras, José Manuel Patrício

2014-01-01

Mestrado em Sistemas de Energias Renováveis na Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo Este trabalho de projeto incidiu sobre o dimensionamento de cinco sistemas Autónomos de produção de energia para alimentação de Pontos repetidores do sistema de comunicação e sua implementação. O presente trabalho iniciou-se em 2006 quando por motivos profissionais foi necessário construir um sistema de comunicação de suporte ao sistema de telegestã...

A robust fractional-order PID controller design based on active queue management for TCP network

Science.gov (United States)

Hamidian, Hamideh; Beheshti, Mohammad T. H.

2018-01-01

In this paper, a robust fractional-order controller is designed to control the congestion in transmission control protocol (TCP) networks with time-varying parameters. Fractional controllers can increase the stability and robustness. Regardless of advantages of fractional controllers, they are still not common in congestion control in TCP networks. The network parameters are time-varying, so the robust stability is important in congestion controller design. Therefore, we focused on the robust controller design. The fractional PID controller is developed based on active queue management (AQM). D-partition technique is used. The most important property of designed controller is the robustness to the time-varying parameters of the TCP network. The vertex quasi-polynomials of the closed-loop characteristic equation are obtained, and the stability boundaries are calculated for each vertex quasi-polynomial. The intersection of all stability regions is insensitive to network parameter variations, and results in robust stability of TCP/AQM system. NS-2 simulations show that the proposed algorithm provides a stable queue length. Moreover, simulations show smaller oscillations of the queue length and less packet drop probability for FPID compared to PI and PID controllers. We can conclude from NS-2 simulations that the average packet loss probability variations are negligible when the network parameters change.

Um modelo de enfermagem como sistema complexo adaptativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Vieira

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El surgimiento y el uso de los sistemas complejos adaptativos suplieron la necesidad de contar con una nueva alternativa, recurriendo a los paradigmas existentes. En cuanto al sistema de salud y de enfermería, ambos pueden verse como sistemas complejos adaptativos al aplicar un modelo visual que debe ser explorado para potenciar la complejidad de la ciencia de enfermería y de cuidados de salud. Desde esta perspectiva, el/la enfermero/a es un sistema complejo adaptativo, dinámico que interactúa, pero también es agente de un sistema complejo adaptativo en una unidad de enfermería, que a la vez es un sistema complejo adaptativo en una organización de la salud. Hoy en día la/el profesional de enfermería busca actualizarse y cualificarse en diversas especialidades, que van desde enfermería neonatal hasta cuidados geriátricos, para ejecutar sus actividades y visualizar su ambiente laboral desde la perspectiva de un sistema complejo. En consecuencia, la organización del sistema de cuidados permite, mediante los sistemas complejos, apoyarse en el saber compartido de los diversos profesionales y en el trabajo en equipo para disfrutar la complicidad de la cadena cliente-usuario-profesionales.

Del Actual Sistema de Enfermedad a un verdadero Sistema de Salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lidice Alvarez-Miño

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Esta editorial tiene como objetivo generar una reflexión y abrir el debate sobre el sistema actual de salud que se refleja en prácticas naturalizadas  que se contradicen con la esencia del significado de la salud. Se trata de la costumbre de acudir al sistema de salud únicamente cuando se considera que se está enfermo, o peor aún, la equivalencia reduccionista y casi automática del concepto de salud como sinónimo de medicina.

PROPIEDADES ELECTRONICAS DE SISTEMAS RESONANTES E HIBRIDOS MONOCAPA-BICAPA EN CINTAS DE GRAFENO

OpenAIRE

GONZALEZ SALAZAR, JHON WILFER; GONZALEZ SALAZAR, JHON WILFER

2011-01-01

La nanotecnología cada vez esta más integrada en nuestras vidas, los avances y sus alcances se incrementan día a día, para en poco tiempo, estar presente en casi todos los aspectos de nuestra vida cotidiana. En el sentido amplio de la definición, entendemos por nanotecnología a la tecnología basada en la manipulación de la materia en la escala dimensional del nanómetro, refiriéndose a la capacidad de realizar un sin fin de operaciones a escala atómica y molecular. Dado que este nuevo ti...

Work- influence of the renewable energy sources in the environment, their use in Cuba; Trabajo- Influencia de las fuentes energeticas renovables en el medio ambiente, su aplicacion en Cuba

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendez Gonzalez, Mercedes; Sarmiento Sera, Antonio [Instituto Superior Politecnico Jose A. Echeverria (ISPJAE), Ciudad de la Habana (Cuba)

2000-07-01

Among the different renewable energy technologies, wind provides better possibilities in regions in which this resource is available. The advantages of wind, as well as solar energy technologies are less or none fuel costs and less environmental impacts. According to the current available technology development, the use of hybrid systems of photovoltaic and wind energy presents large opportunities to cover the energy needs of isolated areas, specially in facilities that don't have connection to the national transmission grid. This study presents the different environmental impacts that hybrid systems have (incorporing the landscape impacts as well as socioeconomical impacts) for the electricity generation in Cuba. We conclude that these systems allow an important power generation in Cuba, and that they have neglected impacts to the environment. The use hybrid systems in Cuba are particularly important in ecotourism facilities and other small industries. [Spanish] Dentro de las posibilidades energeticas y medioambientales de los distintos tipos de energias renovables; la eolica por su caracter limpio e inagotable, permite un gran desarrollo en aquellas areas que cuentan con el potencial necesario para su aplicacion. De forma similar la energia solar presenta ventajas importantes, ambos son recursos gratuitos, no contaminantes y disponibles en muchas localidades. Segun las tecnologias actualmente disponibles, la utilizacion de sistemas hibridos de energia solar fotovoltaica y eolica presenta mayor interes hoy en dia para cubrir consumos aislados, en instalaciones alejadas de la red nacional de electrificacion. Este trabajo plantea un estudio, de la afectacion que sobre el medio ambiente, tanto en el aspecto visual como socioeconomico, tienen las fuentes energeticas renovables, y especificamente los sistemas hibridos eolico- fotovoltaicos para la generacion de electricidad en Cuba, a partir de conocer los recursos eolico y solar disponible en el lugar del

Optimal PID settings for first and second-order processes - Comparison with different controller tuning approaches

OpenAIRE

Pappas, Iosif

2016-01-01

PID controllers are extensively used in industry. Although many tuning methodologies exist, finding good controller settings is not an easy task and frequently optimization-based design is preferred to satisfy more complex criteria. In this thesis, the focus was to find which tuning approaches, if any, present close to optimal behavior. Pareto-optimal controllers were found for different first and second-order processes with time delay. Performance was quantified in terms of the integrat...

O sistema social da saúde: conceito, limites e possibilidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Regina Martini Vial

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Discutem-se as possibilidades de definir o sistema da saúde como um sistema social, diferenciado funcionalmente, a partir da ótica da Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais, utilizando os pressupostos gerais da Teoria e a estrutura apresentada por Niklas Luhmann sobre o sistema médico. Apresentam-se alguns “desassossegos” provocados pela Teoria; as possíveis relações entre o sistema da saúde e o que Luhmann chamou de sistema médico e como esse sistema, atualmente, pode ser considerado sistema da saúde; e, por fim, a nossa concepção do sistema da saúde na atualidade.

Intelligent tutorial system for selftraining in tuning of control systems; Sistema tutorial inteligente para el autoentrenamiento en sintonizacion de sistemas de control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romero Jimenez, Guillermo; Perez Ocampo, Maria Concepcion [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

1999-07-01

In this paper the design, development and validation of an intelligent tutorial system oriented to the instruction of techniques of tuning of control systems is described. This system is based on systems previously developed in the Simulation Unit of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE). The designed system accounts with four modules: of knowledge, the student model, of tutor and of interface, basic characteristics that allows to locate this system in the context of the intelligent tutorial systems. In this system in particular, the knowledge module was only modified, because advantage is taken of the existing structure to incorporate a new dominion of application: the one of the techniques of tuning of control systems. The system maintains the characteristic that it can also be used as a consultation system. In addition to the design and validation of the tutorial system, when following the methodology of processing the degree of generality of the developed system, was evaluated, taking into account the evaluation and quantification of metrics that the engineering software proposes. [Spanish] En este trabajo se describen el diseno, el desarrollo y la validacion de un sistema tutorial inteligente orientado a la instruccion de tecnicas de sintonizacion de sistemas de control. Este sistema esta basado en sistemas desarrollados anteriormente en la Unidad de Simulacion del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE). El sistema disenado cuenta con cuatro modulos: de conocimiento, del modelo del estudiante, de tutor y de interfaz, caracteristica principal que permite ubicar a este sistema en el contexto de los sistemas tutoriales inteligentes. En este sistema en particular solo se modifica el modulo de conocimiento, pues se aprovecha la estructura existente para incorporar un nuevo dominio de aplicacion: el de las tecnicas de sintonizacion de sistemas de control. El sistema mantiene la caracteristica de que tambien puede utilizarse como un sistema de

Bifunctional Rhodamine Probes of Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Orientation in Relaxed Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Science.gov (United States)

Brack, Andrew S.; Brandmeier, Birgit D.; Ferguson, Roisean E.; Criddle, Susan; Dale, Robert E.; Irving, Malcolm

2004-01-01

The orientation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) region of the myosin heads in relaxed skinned fibers from rabbit psoas muscle was investigated by polarized fluorescence from bifunctional rhodamine (BR) probes cross-linking pairs of cysteine residues introduced into the RLC. Pure 1:1 BR-RLC complexes were exchanged into single muscle fibers in EDTA rigor solution for 30 min at 30°C; ∼60% of the native RLC was removed and stoichiometrically replaced by BR-RLC, and >85% of the BR-RLC was located in the sarcomeric A-bands. The second- and fourth-rank order parameters of the orientation distributions of BR dipoles linking RLC cysteine pairs 100-108, 100-113, 108-113, and 104-115 were calculated from polarized fluorescence intensities, and used to determine the smoothest RLC orientation distribution—the maximum entropy distribution—consistent with the polarized fluorescence data. Maximum entropy distributions in relaxed muscle were relatively broad. At the peak of the distribution, the “lever” axis, linking Cys707 and Lys843 of the myosin heavy chain, was at 70–80° to the fiber axis, and the “hook” helix (Pro830–Lys843) was almost coplanar with the fiber and lever axes. The temperature and ionic strength of the relaxing solution had small but reproducible effects on the orientation of the RLC region. PMID:15041671

Evolución estelar en sistemas binarios

Science.gov (United States)

De Vito, M. A.; Benvenuto, O.

Definición y clasificación de sistemas binarios; descripción del comportamiento del sistema frente a la variación de su masa; binarias de rayos X; transferencia de masa en sistemas binarios masivos aplicado al posible esclarecimiento del progenitor azul de la supernova SN 1987A; comentario acerca de la evolución de enanas blancas de helio de baja masa y su conexión con los sistemas binarios; reseña del trabajo de Kippenhahn y Weigert sobre el cual está basado el código evolutivo desarrollado en la FCAG por el Dr. Benvenuto y sobre el cual se trabajará para poder incluir la evolución de una estrella con pérdida de masa perteneciente a un sistema binario.

Sistema inteligente de detección de intrusiones

OpenAIRE

Martínez Puentes, Javier

2011-01-01

El sistema diseñado es un sistema de detección de intrusiones mediante el análisis del payload del tráfico de la red en busca de algún tipo de malware. Este sistema implementa su algoritmo de detección como “preprocesador dinámico” de Snort. Mediante el trabajo conjunto de Snort y del Sistema diseñado puede afirmarse que se obtiene un sistema altamente eficaz ante ataques conocidos (mediante el paso de reglas de Snort) e igualmente eficaz ante ataques nuevos o desconocidos (que era el obj...

Implementation of FPGA based PID Controller for DC Motor Speed Control System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Savita SONOLI

2010-03-01

Full Text Available In this paper, the implementation of software module using ‘VHDL’ for Xilinx FPGA (XC3S400 based PID controller for DC motor speed control system is presented. The tools used for building and testing the software modules are Xilinx ISE 9.2i and ModelSim XE III 6.3c. Before verifying the design on FPGA the complete design is simulated using Modelsim Simulation tool. A test bench is written where the set speed can be changed for the motor. It is observed that the motor speed gradually changes to the set speed and locks to the set speed.

The research on visual industrial robot which adopts fuzzy PID control algorithm

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Yifei; Lu, Guoping; Yue, Lulin; Jiang, Weifeng; Zhang, Ye

2017-03-01

The control system of six degrees of freedom visual industrial robot based on the control mode of multi-axis motion control cards and PC was researched. For the variable, non-linear characteristics of industrial robot`s servo system, adaptive fuzzy PID controller was adopted. It achieved better control effort. In the vision system, a CCD camera was used to acquire signals and send them to video processing card. After processing, PC controls the six joints` motion by motion control cards. By experiment, manipulator can operate with machine tool and vision system to realize the function of grasp, process and verify. It has influence on the manufacturing of the industrial robot.

Aerogel RICH for the Belle II forward PID

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishida, S., E-mail: shohei.nishida@kek.jp [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan); Adachi, I. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan); Hamada, N. [Toho University, Funabashi (Japan); Hara, K. [High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan); Iijima, T. [Nagoya University, Nagoya (Japan); Iwata, S.; Kakuno, H. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji (Japan); Kawai, H. [Chiba University, Chiba (Japan); Korpar, S.; Krizan, P. [Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Ogawa, S. [Toho University, Funabashi (Japan); Pestotnik, R.; Ŝantelj, L.; Seljak, A. [Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Sumiyoshi, T. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji (Japan); Tabata, M. [Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara (Japan); Tahirovic, E. [Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (Slovenia); Yoshida, K. [Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji (Japan); Yusa, Y. [Niigata University, Niigata (Japan)

2014-12-01

The Belle II spectrometer, a follow up of the very successful Belle experiment, is under construction at the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider at KEK in Japan. For the PID system in the forward region of the spectrometer, a proximity focusing ring-imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counter with an aerogel radiator is being developed. The counter will provide a 4σ separation of pions and kaons up to momenta of 4 GeV/c. For the position sensitive photon sensor, a 144-channel Hybrid Avalanche Photo-Detector (HAPD) has been developed with Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. The readout electronics is based on the custom developed ASIC. The design of the components is currently being finalized and part of their mass production have already started. Herein, we report the final design of the counter and a prototype test conducted with test beams at DESY. - Highlights: • We are constructing a RICH counter with aerogel radiator for Belle II. • Beam test for the prototype Aerogel RICH shows its good performance. • The effect of the neutron irradiation of the photodetector is examined.

Introducción al estudio de los sistemas económicos

OpenAIRE

García Nossa, Antonio

2010-01-01

Interdependencia de los sistemas; Coexistencia de los sistemas; Sucesión y coexistencia; Sistemas históricos y sistemas geopolíticos; Factores cuantitativos y cualitativos de los sistemas; Principios generales de los sistemas.

Mechanical Defects of Muscle Fibers with Myosin Light Chain Mutants that Cause Cardiomyopathy

OpenAIRE

Roopnarine, Osha

2003-01-01

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease caused by single mutations in several sarcomeric proteins, including the human myosin ventricular regulatory light chain (vRLC). The effects of four of these mutations (A13T, F18L, E22K, and P95A) in vRLC on force generation were determined as a function of Ca2+ concentration. The endogenous RLC was removed from skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers, and replaced with either rat wildtype vRLC or recombinant rat vRLC (G13T, F18L, E22K, and P95A). ...

El Sistema inspirerede projekter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holst, Finn; Chemi, Tatiana

Rapporten er resultat af pilotprojektet ”Forundersøgelse El Sistema DK” gennemført af Ph.D. Finn Holst (DPU, Aarhus Universitet) og Ph.D. Tatiana Chemi (Aalborg Universitet) i 2015. I rapporten indgår desuden bidrag fra Sofie Holm, Sara Fink Søndergaard og Stine Møgelbjerg Johansen. Pilotprojektet...... er gennemført for DMKLs El Sistema-udvalg med støtte fra Statens Kunstfond, Projektstøtteudvalget for Musik....

Sistema fotovoltaico de iluminación solar

OpenAIRE

Víctor Hugo Benítez Baltazar; Guadalupe Araceli Torres Valverde; Luis Armando Gámez Valdéz; Jesús Horacio Pacheco Ramírez

2013-01-01

El artículo es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación enfocado al uso de sistemas fotovoltaicos para la iluminación por medio de diodos emisores de luz tipo LED. Se busca reducir el consumo energético mediante la implementación de un sistema de iluminación basado en LED hasta en un 80%, donde la fuente primaria de energía es el Sol. Se demuestra la viabilidad de los sistemas solares de iluminación LED mediante la construcción de un prototipo. Los sistemas de iluminación fotovoltaicos son...

Immanuel Wallerstein e o moderno sistema mundial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Jobson de Andrade Arruda

1983-12-01

Full Text Available (primeiro parágrafo do texto Immanuel Wallerstein é diretor do Centro Fernand Braudel para o Estudo de Economias, Sistemas Históricos e Civilizacionais (Binghamton, N.Y. e editor da revista trimestral Review. Seu projeto mais amplo é a busca dos elementos determinantes do sistema mundial moderno. Para tanto, dividiu o seu trabalho em quatro partes principais, às quais con-sidera as quatro épocas fundamentais apresentadas pelo dito sistema até hoje. O primeiro volume, objeto desta resenha crítica, cobre o período de 1450 a 1640, correspondendo ao estudo das origens e condições primitivas do sistema mundial até então exclusivamente um sistema europeu. O segundo volume, já publicado, ocupar-se-ia da consolidação do sis-tema entre 1640 e 1815. O terceiro volume, referente ao período de 1815 a 1917, estará centrado na recriação do sistema decorrente das vertiginosas transformações resultantes do dinamismo tecnológico e do avanço do industrialismo no século XIX. O quarto volume cuidará da consolidação da economia — mundo capitalista, a partir de 1917 até a atualidade, e das tensões "revolucionárias" particulares que esta conso lidação tem provocado.

Design of a Fractional Order Frequency PID Controller for an Islanded Microgrid: A Multi-Objective Extremal Optimization Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Huan Wang

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Fractional order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID controllers have attracted increasing attentions recently due to their better control performance than the traditional integer-order proportional-integral-derivative (PID controllers. However, there are only few studies concerning the fractional order control of microgrids based on evolutionary algorithms. From the perspective of multi-objective optimization, this paper presents an effective FOPID based frequency controller design method called MOEO-FOPID for an islanded microgrid by using a Multi-objective extremal optimization (MOEO algorithm to minimize frequency deviation and controller output signal simultaneously in order to improve finally the efficient operation of distributed generations and energy storage devices. Its superiority to nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II based FOPID/PID controllers and other recently reported single-objective evolutionary algorithms such as Kriging-based surrogate modeling and real-coded population extremal optimization-based FOPID controllers is demonstrated by the simulation studies on a typical islanded microgrid in terms of the control performance including frequency deviation, deficit grid power, controller output signal and robustness.

Control óptimo y robusto H∞ de sistemas no lineales aplicaciones a sistemas electromecánicos

OpenAIRE

Vivas Venegas, Carlos

2004-01-01

La teoría de control automático ha experimentado un notable desarrollo en los últimos tiempos especialmente en el campo de los sistemas no lineales. Son aportaciones relativamente recientes los paradigmas de control basados en pasividad, teoría de sistema

Estabilización robusta de sistemas lineales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horacio Leyva Castellanos

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se muestra un conjunto de resultados que permiten abordar el problema de la estabilización robusta de una familia de sistemas lineales positivos. Se describen dos nuevas aplicaciones en la teoría de control positivo para sistemas compartimentales y se muestra la aplicación de un teorema de robustez para tales sistemas